OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Baptiste de Croÿ, 5th Duke of Havré

Jean Baptiste François de Croÿ, 5th Duke of Havré (1686–1727) was a French nobleman of the House of Croÿ and the 5th Duke of Havré.

## Lineage and Family

Croÿ was the son of Ferdinand Francois Joseph de Croÿ, 3rd Duke of Havré. His brother Charles Antoine Joseph, the 4th Duke of Havré, was killed during the Battle of Saragossa in 1710 and Croÿ succeeded him as Duke. His sister, Marie Therese Josephe married Landgrave Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt
Croÿ married Marie Anne Césarine Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, of the House of della Rovere; the daughter of Antonio Lante Montefeltro della Rovere. This line of the House of Croÿ came to an end in 1839, when the 7th Duke of Havré and Croÿ died in Paris aged 95, having outlived all of his sons.
# Jean Piaubert

Jean Piaubert (27 January 1900 – 28 January 2002) was a French painter.
* This article about a French painter born in the 20th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Jefferson Proving Ground

The Jefferson Proving Ground (or JPG), located near Madison, Indiana, is a former munitions testing facility of Test and Evaluation Command of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The grounds of JPG serve as a wildlife refuge, as well as a gunnery range. Department of Defense organizations and private contractors are assigned to the area.

## History

On October 8, 1940, the Chief of Ordnance acknowledged a need for the construction of an additional proving ground to carry out simultaneously and without interruption the many activities relative to proof work of the ordnance manufacturing program. In December 1940, the site acquisition committee decided on a 56,000-acre (230 km$^2$) tract of land in Ripley, Jefferson, and Jennings counties in southern Indiana. The site was selected for its proximity to a powder manufacturing plant at Charlestown, Indiana, an ordinance plant at LaPorte County, Indiana, and an ammunition storage depot in Martin County, Indiana, as well as military installations at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indianapolis, Fort Hayes in Ohio, and Forts Thomas and Knox in Kentucky. Residents living within the area of planned site were given 30 to 120 days to vacate the land. Construction began immediately, and the first round was fired at U.S. Army JPG on May 10, 1941. In April 1953, JPG reached a pinnacle of employment and activity, with 1,774 employees and a production of 175,000 rounds fired monthly.
Collin's Ford Bridge, Marble Creek Bridge, Oakdale School, also known as Building 401, and Old Timbers are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Base closure and further use

In 1989, JPG was identified for base closure under the base realignment and closure (BRAC) and closed on September 30, 1995. Since that time, the U.S. Army has maintained a small on-site oversight staff and an off-site environmental coordinator. JPG is currently administered by the BRAC Division within the U.S. Army's Installation Management Agency which is responsible for managing JPG's closure, cleanup, and property transfer.
Approximately 50,000 acres (200 km$^2$) of the grounds north of the historic firing line was leased to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 2000 to be operated as Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. In 1998, a 1,033-acre (4.18 km$^2$) parcel of land north of the firing line within the former range is operated as an air-to-surface gunnery/bombing range by the Indiana Air National Guard. As of 2014, Jefferson Range is used for UAV training, including tests of air-to-ground strikes.
Railroad tracks on the site are used for car storage by the Madison Railroad.

## Environmental concerns

The base contains a substantial amount of depleted uranium and the NRC has posed questions to the Army regarding environmental concerns as a result.
# Jemmy Green in Australia

Jemmy Green in Australia is an Australian stage play allegedly written by writer James Tucker around 1845. It was reportedly written at Port Macquarie along with Tucker's Ralph Rashleigh.
The play was published by Angus and Robertson in 1955.

## 1952 Radio adaptation

The play was adapted for a one-hour drama on ABC radio on 8 December 1952. This followed an adaptation the ABC had done for another Tucker stage play, Ralph Rashleigh and the Bushrangers.
ABC Weekly said it "depicts the roguery of the sharper and the bewilderment of the immigrant. His is a supple wit, sharpened by a sardonic humour similar to that which has come to be recognised as characteristically Australian."
# Jemmy's Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador

Jemmy's Cove (sometimes Jim's Cove or Jimmy's Cove) is a tiny abandoned town located near New Harbour, Fortune Bay in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada that had a peak population of 6 in 1911.

## History

Located near the abandoned community of New Harbour, Fortune Bay in Fortune Bay, Jemmy's Cove residents were primarily fishermen of the Church of England faith. The family of John Fudge are believed to have been the first settlers who first appear there in 1890. By the turn of the 20th century, a family of Keepings joined them.

## Demographics

Jemmy's Cove Population By Year :
| 1891 Census | 6 |
| 1901 Census | 6 |
| 1911 Census | 6 |
# Jeny Rodriguez

Jeny Rodriguez (born 7 August 1975) is a Honduran judoka. She competed in the women's lightweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Jeremias Benjamin Richter

Jeremias Benjamin Richter (German:; 10 March 1762 – 4 May 1807) was a German chemist. He was born at Hirschberg in Silesia, became a mining official at Breslau in 1794, and by 1800 was appointed assessor to the department of mines and chemist to the royal porcelain factory at Berlin, where he died. He is known for introducing the term stoichiometry.

## Developer of titration

He made some of the earliest known determinations of the quantities by weight in which acids saturate bases and bases acids. He realised that those amounts of different bases which can saturate the same quantity of a particular acid are equivalent to each other (see Titration).
He was thus led to conclude that chemistry is a branch of applied mathematics and to endeavour to trace a law according to which the quantities of different bases required to saturate a given acid formed an arithmetical progression, and the quantities of acids saturating a given base a geometric progression.

## Law of definite proportions (stoichiometry)

Evidence for the existence of atoms was inferred from the law of definite proportions proposed by him in 1792. Richter found that the ratio by weight of the compounds consumed in a chemical reaction was always the same. It took 615 parts by weight of magnesia (MgO), for example, to neutralize 1000 parts by weight of sulfuric acid. From his data, Ernst Gottfried Fischer calculated in 1802 the first table of chemical equivalents, taking sulphuric acid as the standard with a value of 1000. When Joseph Proust reported his work on the constant composition of chemical compounds, the time was ripe for the reinvention of an atomic theory. The law of definite proportions and constant composition alone do not prove that atoms exist, but their existence is difficult to explain without assuming that chemical compounds are formed when atoms combine in constant proportions.

## Publications

His findings were published in Über die neueren Gegenstände in der Chemie (1792–1802) and Anfangsgründe der Stöchiometrie or Messkunst chemischer Elemente (1792–1794), but a considerable period of time elapsed before they were fully acknowledged. This was partly because some of his work was incorrectly ascribed to Carl Wenzel by Jons Berzelius which was only corrected in 1841 by Henri Hess, professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg, and author of the laws of constant heat-sums and of thermoneutrality.

## Later work

Between 1792 and 1794 he published a three-volume summary of his work on the law of definite proportions. In this book Richter introduced the term stoichiometry, which he defined as the art of chemical measurements, which has to deal with the laws according to which substances unite to form chemical compounds.
Richter was fascinated with the role of mathematics in chemistry. Unfortunately, his writing style has been described as obscure and clumsy. His work therefore had little impact until 1802, when it was summarized by Ernst Gottfried Fischer in terms of tables.
# Jerome Snyder

Jerome Snyder (1916 – May 2, 1976) was an American illustrator and graphic designer. He is best known as the first art director of the magazine Sports Illustrated and as the co-author of the popular New York City restaurant guidebook The Underground Gourmet written with Milton Glaser.

## Career

Snyder was the art director for several significant magazines: serving from 1954 as the first art director of Sports Illustrated he introduced contemporary illustration to editorial matter in an arena previously the domain of photography. He then spent ten years with Scientific American. As a commercial artist, he won a number of awards. He also illustrated children's books and coauthored with Milton Glaser The Underground Gourmet, a popular guidebook to inexpensive restaurants in his native New York City that launched a review column in New York Magazine. He also taught art at such places as Yale University, the Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design.

## Personal life

Snyder was born in 1916 in New York City and graduated Stuyvesant High School before embarking on his art career. During World War II he served with the infantry as a captain in Europe in the United States Army. He died in 1976 of a heart attack following a touch football game in New York's Central Park.
Snyder shared two sons with his wife, Gertrude, a book illustrator.
# Jerzy Pietrzyk

Jerzy Pietrzyk (born 17 April 1955) is a retired Polish sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.
He was born in Warsaw and represented the clubs Górnik Zabrze and Gwardia Warszawa. He became European junior champion in 1973. In 1975 he won the gold medal in 400 metres at the 1975 Summer Universiade.
He competed in 400 metres at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics, reaching the quarter-finals in 1976 and round one in 1980. In the 4 x 400 metres relay he won the silver medal at the 1976 Olympic Games with his teammates Ryszard Podlas, Jan Werner and Zbigniew Jaremski. He also competed in this event at the 1980 Olympic Games.
# Jerome Conley

Jerome Conley (born 1965, Muncie, Indiana) is a former Mayor of Oxford, Ohio. He is the Dean of University Libraries at Miami University. Appointed in 2013, Dean Conley has been working for Miami University in several capacities starting in 1992. He was given an honorary alumnus award on May 3, 2018.

## Personal life

Conley graduated from Indiana University Bloomington with a B.S. in political science with an area in Ulitic studies. He has 3 siblings, two brothers and a sister. He is a Methodist and an Indiana Pacers fan.
# Jest book

Jest books (or jestbooks) are collections of jokes and humorous anecdotes in book form – a literary genre which reached its greatest importance in the early modern period.

## Origins

The oldest surviving collection of jokes is the Byzantine Philogelos from the first millennium. In Western Europe, the medieval fabliau and the Arab/Italian novella built up a large body of humorous tales; but it was only with the Facetiae of Poggio (1451) that the anecdote first appears rendered down into joke form (with prominent punchline) in an early modern collection.
Like his immediate successors Heinrich Bebel and Girolamo Morlini, Poggio translated his folk material from their original language into Latin, the universal European language of the time. From such universal collections, developed the particular vernacular jestbooks of the various European countries in the sixteenth century.

## Elizabethan jestbooks

Tudor and Stuart jest books were typically anonymous collections of individual jests in English, a mix of verse and prose perhaps more comparable to the latter-day magazine than to a normal book. Some, however (following a German model), did attempt to link their jokes into a picaresque sort of narrative around one, often roguish hero, as with Richard Tarlton. Jest books took a generally mocking tone, with civility, and social superiors like the 'stupid scholar' as favourite targets.
The low-life, realistic tone of the jest book, akin to coney-catching pamphlets, fed into the early English novels (or at least prose fiction) of writers like Thomas Nashe and Thomas Deloney. Jestbooks also contributed to popular stage entertainment, through such dramatists as Marlowe and Shakespeare. Playbooks and jestbooks were treated as forms of light entertainment, with jokes from the one being recycled in the other, and vice versa.
Advances in printing meant that quantitatively jestbooks reached their greatest circulation in the 17th and 18th centuries; but qualitatively their contents was increasingly either a repetition of earlier publications or an artificial imitation of what had in the Elizabethan jest book been a genuine folk content. Bowdlerisation in the 19th century completed the fall of the English-language jest book from Elizabethan vitality to subsequent triviality.

## Parallel traditions

* French jestbooks were widely drawn on in the work of Rabelais. Arguably at least, the French jestbook tradition survived unbowdlerised into the twentieth century.
* Germany had a rich tradition of jestbooks, with Till Eulenspiegel as a prominent character.
* The first American jest book was published in 1787, and thereafter the genre flourished for some half a century, before giving way to the twin influence of censorship and the rise of the comic almanac.
# Jes

Jes or JES may refer to:

## People

* Jes (musician), American singer and songwriter
* Jes Bertelsen, Danish spiritual teacher and author
* Jes Bundsen (1766–1829), Danish painter and etcher
* Jes Gordon (born 1969), American event producer
* Jes Høgh (born 1966), Danish footballer
* Jes Holtsø (born 1956), Danish actor
* Jes Macallan (born 1982), American actress
* Jes Psaila (born 1964), Maltese guitarist
* Jes Staley (born 1956), American banker

## Other uses

* Jes Air, a former Bulgarian airline
* The Jes, colloquial name for Coláiste Iognáid, a Jesuit secondary school in Galway, Ireland

## Acronyms

* Job Entry Subsystem 1 (JES1), a component of the VS1 operating system
* Job Entry Subsystem 2/3, (JES2, JES3) a component of the MVS operating systems
* Junulara Esperanto-Semajno ("Esperanto Youth Week"), an annual Esperanto youth meeting
* Producciones JES, a Colombian TV production company
* Java Enterprise System, a component of the Sun Java System
# Jewells

Jewells may refer to:
* Jewell (disambiguation)
* Jewells, New South Wales, Australia
* Jewells, California, former name of Jewell, California, United States
# Jim Cash

James Willis Cash (January 17, 1941 – March 25, 2000) was an American film writer, noted for writing such 1980s films as Top Gun and The Secret of My Success.

## Early life and education

Cash was born on January 17, 1941, in Boyne City, Michigan.
In 1970, Cash received a B.A. in English from Michigan State University (MSU). In 1972, Cash received an M.A. in Television and Radio from Michigan State University.

## Career

As a professor, Cash taught writing and film history at Michigan State University. Cash met a student named Jack Epps, Jr., who would later become his writing partner. Epps was from the Detroit area.
Cash and Epps began their writing relationship while at Michigan State University. In 1975, they wrote their first story together in the MSU Union Grill. Soon afterward Epps moved to Hollywood, California. Cash continued to live in East Lansing, Michigan, while Epps lived in Santa Monica, California. They collaborated via computer.
In 1986, Cash and Epps co-wrote Top Gun.

## Personal life

Cash married his first wife, Mariann (Mimi), when he was a professor at MSU and she was a sophomore at MSU studying communications.
Cash and his second wife, Cynthia, had four children. He and his wife had a restaurant in Lansing, Michigan.
Cash also established several scholarships for film production and performing arts.
He died after hospitalization for an intestinal ailment.

## Filmography

* Dangerously (with Jack Epps Jr.) (1978) (unproduced)
* Izzy and Moe (with Jack Epps Jr., Steven Patrick Bell and Robert Boris) (1985) (TV) (story only)
* Top Gun (with Jack Epps Jr.) (1986)
* Legal Eagles (with Jack Epps Jr.) (1986)
* The Secret of My Success (with Jack Epps Jr. and A.J. Carothers) (1987)
* Turner & Hooch (with Jack Epps Jr., Dennis Shryack, Michael Blodgett and Daniel Petrie Jr.) (1989)
* Dick Tracy (with Jack Epps Jr.) (1990)
* Anaconda (with Jack Epps Jr. and Hans Bauer) (1997)
* The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (with Jack Epps Jr.) (2000)
* Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid (with Jack Epps Jr. and Hans Bauer) (2004) (story, elements from the original Anaconda script)
* Top Gun: Maverick (based on characters created by with Jack Epps Jr.) (2022) (story only) (screenplay from the film Top Gun)
# Ji Wu

Ji Wu may refer to:

## People with the given name Wu

* Duke Mu of Cao (fl. 8th century BC)
* Duke Dao of Cao (fl. 6th century BC)
* Duke Ding of Jin (died 475 BC)
* King Weilie of Zhou (died 402 BC)

## People with the given name Ji

* Wu Ji (space scientist) (born 1958), Chinese space scientist
* Wu Ji (athlete) (born 1978), Chinese triple jumper
# Ji Wei

Ji Wei may refer to:
* King Kao of Zhou (died 426 BC), personal name Ji Wei
* Ji Wei (hurdler) (born 1984), Chinese hurdler
# Jiang Qing and Her Husbands

Jiang Qing and Her Husbands is a Chinese historical play written by Sha Yexin in 1990. The play follows Jiang Qing from a young actress in the 1930s to the most powerful Chinese woman in the 1970s, focusing on her relationships with the many men in her life including Mao Zedong. The play draws comparisons between Jiang Qing and one of her best-known acting roles, Nora in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House.
Owing to its highly sensitive subject, the play was banned in both mainland China and British Hong Kong. In 2010, the play was adapted by Perry Chiu Experimental Theatre and premiered in Hong Kong's Sheung Wan Civic Centre in Cantonese. Starring Perry Chiu as Jiang Qing and produced by Chiu's husband Clifton Ko, the adaptation was also successfully performed in Canada, but actually differs in content from the original. The adaptation's English title is I Am Chairman Mao's Bitch!, which derives from a famous quote by Jiang Qing during her 1980 trial (and also featured in the play): "I was Chairman Mao's dog. When he told me to bite someone, I did it."

## Characters

* Jiang Qing, known as Lan Ping before 1938
* Tang Na, Jiang Qing's second husband
* Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing's final husband
* He Zizhen, Mao Zedong's third wife
* Xiao Feng – Mao Zedong's personal secretary during the 1970s, Zhang Yufeng
* Mao Zedong's bodyguard in Yan'an
* Director Zhang (non-speaking role) – Zhang Min (章珉) whom Lan Ping was rumored to have had a liaison in 1937

## English translation

* Sha Yexin (2003). "Jiang Qing and Her Husbands". In Chen, Xiaomei (ed.). Reading the Right Text: An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Drama. Translated by Kirk A. Denton. University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 282–335. ISBN 0-8248-2505-5.
# Jett8 Airlines

Jett8 Airlines Pte Ltd was a cargo airline based in Singapore, which was incorporated on 8 March 2005. It was the second Singapore-based airline to offer all-cargo flights after Singapore Airlines Cargo. It was a privately owned airline with strategic alliance partnerships with Nippon Cargo Airlines and NYK Line. Jett8 launched its inaugural flight on 23 June 2007 to Hong Kong.
Jett8 Airlines did not get its air operator's certificate (AOC) renewed by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore when it expired on 31 May 2011 and has ceased operations. However, Jett8 managed to secure an AOC in August 2011, allowing it to continue to operate chartered flights for one more year.

## History

The airline, headed by Louis Tan, a former Singapore Airlines pilot, was targeting the cargo-charter market, to avoid head-on competition with Singapore Airlines Cargo and other scheduled cargo airlines. On May 31, 2007, Jett8 took delivery of its first aircraft, a Boeing 747-200SF previously operated by Nippon Cargo Airlines.
Jett8 Airlines was previously known as Jett8 Airlines Cargo when it was incorporated in 2005. However, on 1 April 2010, the company was renamed Jett8 Airlines.

## Destinations

Jett8 served the following destinations before it ceased operations:
* Hub
* Future
* Seasonal
* Terminated route
| Country | City | Airport | Notes |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport | Terminated |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg City | Luxembourg Airport | Terminated |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Amsterdam Airport Schiphol | Terminated |
| Singapore | Singapore | Changi Airport | Hub |
| United Arab Emirates | Dubai | Dubai International Airport | Terminated |
| Malaysia | Johor | Senai International Airport | Terminated |

## Fleet

Prior to the company's closure in 2012, Jett8 Airlines operated 2 Boeing 747-200F with registrations 9V-JEA and 9V-JEB, from Nippon Cargo Airlines. 9V-JEA was given the name "Tai-pan", while 9V-JEB was named "Shogun". 9V-JEA was reregistered to N279SG and is currently placed in storage at Changi Airport. 9V-JEB was written off and preserved in Singapore as a firetrainer.
# Jetzt geht's ab!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Jetzt geht's ab! is the debut album of the German hip-hop group Die Fantastischen Vier.
Originally released by Sony in 1991, the album was the first to feature exclusively German-language rap. Two members of Die Fantastischen Vier—Smudo and Thomas D—decided to create an album entirely in German after a visit to the United States inspired them. It is said that "it became apparent to them that they had nothing in common with the rappers of Los Angeles and that US rappers were speaking of a real environment containing elements totally foreign to the essentially middle-class world of the vier."
Throughout the 24 tracks on Jetzt geht's ab!, Die Fantastischen Vier express their views on personal relationships and intimacy, rather than focusing solely on social problems and political discourse, allowing them to "communicate strong emotions and shared experiences into the German sphere by shifting its subject matter."

## Track listing

* "Jetzt passt auf"
* "Wo geht's lang?"
* "Hausmeister Thomas "D" (LP-Mix)"
* "Großstadt"
* "Ich muss"
* "45 Fieber"
* "Zerkratzt"
* "Mikrofonprofessor"
* "Fühl dich frei"
* "Dumm, das!"
* "Ich krieg nie genug"
* "Das Interview"
* "Jetzt geht's ab (Radio Edit)"
* "Das geschieht dir recht I"
* "S.M.U.D.O. ich bin halt so"
* "Das geschieht dir recht II"
* "Auf der Flucht"
* "Das geschieht dir recht III"
* "Kartoffelclip"
* "Spießer"
* "Du Arsch"
* "Hausmarke ist..."
* "Böse"
* "Is ja gut jetzt"

## Personnel

* Thomas Dürr (Thomas D)
* Michael "Smudo" Schmidt
* Michael "Michi" Beck
* Andreas "And.Ypsilon" Rieke

### Production

* Executive producer: Andreas Rieke
* Co-producer: Klaus Scharff
* Consulting producer: Andreas "DJ Bär" Läsker
# Jewtown

Jewtown or Jew Town may refer to:
* Jewtown, Baltimore, colloquial name for East Baltimore's Jewish community
* Jewtown, Georgia, an unincorporated community
* Jewtown, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
* Maxwell Street in Chicago, Illinois
* The historical Cochin Jewish district in Kochi, India
* Kensington Market in Toronto was also known as the Jewish Market or "Jew Town" as late as the 1970s
* A boy band and music video created by Australian Jewish satirist John Safran for the series John Safran's Music Jamboree