# List of Betula species

Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are;

## Subgenus Betulenta - Wintergreen oil birches

Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect.
* Diploid (2n = 28).
** Betula lenta - Sweet birch or cherry birch
*** Betula lenta subsp. uber - Cherry Creek birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
** Betula allegheniensis - Yellow birch (B. lutea)
* Decaploid (10n = 140).
** Betula austrosinensis - South China birch
** Betula globispica -
** Betula insignis -
** Betula medwediewii - Caucasian birch
* Duodecaploid (12n = 168).
** Betula megrelica -
* chromosome number not reported
** Betula corylifolia - Hazel-leaf birch
** Betula grossa - Japanese cherry birch
** Betula insignis -

## Subgenus Betulaster - Large-leaf birches

Bark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
* Betula alnoides - Alder-leaf birch
** Betula alnoides subsp. luminifera -
* Betula maximowicziana - Monarch birch

## Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins erect.
* Diploid (2n = 28).
** Betula calcicola -
** Betula chichibuensis -
** Betula costata - Korean birch
** Betula nigra - River birch or black birch
** Betula potaninii - Potanin's birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
** Betula albosinensis - Chinese red birch
*** Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis - North Chinese red birch
** Betula ermanii - Erman's birch
** Betula jacquemontii (B. utilis subsp. jacquemontii) - White-barked Himalayan birch
** Betula utilis - Himalayan birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
** Betula dahurica - Dahurian birch
** Betula delavayi - Delavay's birch
** Betula raddeana - Radde's birch
* Octoploid (8n = 112).
** Betula chinensis - Chinese birch
* chromosome number not reported
** Betula fargesii - Farges's birch
** Betula schmidtii - Schmidt's birch
* chromosome number unknown
** Betula leopoldae

## Subgenus Betula - Typical birches

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
* Diploid (2n = 28).
** Betula cordifolia - Heart-leaf birch or mountain paper birch
** Betula pendula - Silver birch
** Betula mandschurica - Manchurian birch
*** Betula mandschurica var. japonica - Japanese birch
** Betula neoalaskana - Alaska birch or Yukon birch
** Betula occidentalis - Water birch or red birch (B. fontinalis)
** Betula platyphylla (Betula pendula var. platyphylla) - Siberian silver birch
** Betula populifolia - Gray birch
** Betula szechuanica (Betula pendula var. szechuanica) - Sichuan birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
** Betula celtiberica - Iberian white birch
** Betula pubescens - White birch, European white birch or downy birch
*** Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa - Arctic white birch
* Pentaploid (5n = 70).
** Betula kenaica - Kenai birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
** Betula papyrifera - Paper birch, canoe birch or American white birch (sometimes tetraploid or pentaploid)

## Subgenus Chamaebetula - Dwarf birches

Small shrubs with small rounded leaves. Female catkins pendulous.
* Diploid (2n = 28).
** Betula glandulosa (B. nana subsp. glandulosa) - American dwarf birch
** Betula nana - Dwarf birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
** Betula minor - Quebec dwarf birch
** Betula pumila - Swamp birch
* chromosome number not reported
** Betula fruticosa -
** Betula gmelinii -
** Betula hallii - Cascades dwarf birch
** Betula humilis - Arctic dwarf birch
** Betula michauxii - Newfoundland dwarf birch
** Betula microphylla -
** Betula middendorffii -