OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2003 Saga gubernatorial election

A gubernatorial election was held on 13 April 2003 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Newcomer Yasushi Furukawa won the election.

## Candidates

* Yasushi Furukawa - retired (most recent job: former manager of Nagasaki Prefecture General Affairs Department), age 44
* Iwamasa Miyahara (宮原岩政, Miyahara Iwamasa) - member of the Saga Prefectural Assembly, age 61
* Hisatoshi Higuchi [ja] - civil servant at MAFF and later mayor of Kashima, Saga, age 57
* Tomoki Kinoshita (木下知己, Kinoshita Tomoki) - professor at Nasu University, age 55
* Koreyuki Fukushima (福島是幸, Fukushima Koreyuki) - former prefectural high school teacher union chairman, age 63
* Shigeto Hayashida (林田重人, Hayashida Shigeto) - former prefectural superintendent of education, age 66

## Results

2003 Saga gubernational election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Independent | Yasushi Furukawa | 160,809 |
| Independent | Iwamasa Miyahara | 147,842 |
| Independent | Hisatoshi Higuchi | 76,520 |
| Independent | Tomoki Kinoshita | 30,149 |
| Independent | Koreyuki Fukushima | 25,577 |
| Independent | Shigeto Hayashida | 19,035 |
# Optical decay

Optical decay is process of relaxation of excitation of an excited quantum system, usually due to the spontaneous emission of a photon or a phonon. Optical decay is dominant mechanism of quenching of excitation of active optical media. In solid-state lasers the optical decay limits the storage of energy in active medium.
Also, the term optical decay is used to the effect of quick reduction of luminosity of astrophysical objects

## Phenomenology of optical decay

In the first approximation, the optical decay can be treated as just spontaneous emission, and its rate is determined with the Einstein Coefficients. For the most of laser systems, the effects of decoherence determine the spectral width of the emitted photons, and there is no reason to consider in detail the evolution of isolated quantum-mechanical systems which show the optical decay.

## Shape of spectral line at the optical decay of an idealized atom

The "isolated" quantum system (atom, ion, molecule or even a quantum dot) may have metastable states, weakly coupled to the outer world. (Some couliknd should be taken into account; otherwise, there is no optical decay.) In the idealized case, the evolution of the system is disturbed only by the interaction with the continuum of the modes of the electromagnetic field. Then, the spectral width of the emitted photons is determined by the relaxation rate. For the narrow spectral lines, the decay is almost exponential; then, the profile of the spectral line is determined by the Fourier transform of the exponential decay of the quantum amplitude of probability that the system is still excited; this profile is Lorentian.

## Deformed vacuum

The decay rate can be affected by the distortion of uniform density of states of photons, due, for example, an external cavity
or a nanofiber located in vicinity of the atom or by simply placing the system near a dielectric or metallic boundary.
# Tanunda Liedertafel

The Tanunda Liedertafel is a 45-member male choir in Tanunda, South Australia. Drawing its four-part (TTBB) singing material from traditional popular German culture. The group's origins date back to 1850, based on an entry in The South Australian (10 January 1851). Previously, the choir researchers had only been able to confirm back to 1861 based on a surviving music book case with the words Tanunda Liedertafel 1861 painted on its metal lid, and a report in the South Australian Register of a concert in Tanunda dated 22 October 1861 .
The members were also instrumental in the formation of a "German Club" in Tanunda in 1855, proving the continuous nature of the choir from 1850 to World War 1.
The choir was re-organized in 1920 and, aside from an interruption caused by World War II has been active ever since, primarily in Tanunda and Adelaide. Along with third- and fourth-generation German-Australians, the group includes singers with Dutch, British, Polish and Irish backgrounds. Given the nationalities of the members, nearly 50 percent of the material sung is in English or Latin (where tradition dictates).
Many of their performances are for charity. An annual event is the Kaffee Abend in mid-November (October 2013 being the only known exception). Over the years, fundraising concerts have raised finances for the (now) Tanunda Hospital, and very substantial funds for the original construction and later extensions for the (now) Tanunda Soldier's Memorial Hall. Another worthy recipient was the United Nations Appeal for Children (U.N.A.C.).
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation has recorded the Liedertafel several times since 1932. The choir first performed on television in 1961 for its centenary. It has also appeared on programs broadcast in Germany.
In 1963, Tanunda Liedertafel performed for Queen Elizabeth II in Elder Park, Adelaide. In 2001, it performed in Adelaide for US President Bill Clinton.
Awards have included the Zelter Plaque (1980).
The choir also attends Saengerfest(s), this is where groups of choirs (similar to the Tanunda Liedertafel) come together for a weekend of traditional German and Austrian song. The first of these was held in Tanunda in 1874, then again in 1991 and again in 2011. A more recent Saengerfest was held in Canberra, Australia in October 2014.
Practices are held for two hours each Tuesday night, at The Tanunda Soldier's Memorial Hall (Barossa Gallery) eleven months out of the year (although members are no longer fined three pence for tardiness, or six pence for non-attendance).
# Majhola

Majhola is a town and a nagar panchayat in Pilibhit district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This town is located 25 km away from district headquarters on state highway 29 connecting Pilibhit to Tanakpur town in Uttaranchal. It is well connected by metre gauge railway line to District headquarters. Geographically, town is located adjacent to Uttaranchal border in terai region. Terai region is famous for its fertile land and industrious farmers. Agriculture is the mainstay of the town economy. It has one sugar factory in cooperative sector, one distillery and few flour mills. Both sugar factory and distillery are now defunct. Demographic profile of town consists of people from different social groups. Dominant among them are farmers which are mainly Sikhs and upper caste group migrants from eastern Uttar Pradesh. Others are business class upper caste people from western Uttar Pradesh who dominates the town economy. The town has two intermediate colleges and one convent school. There are many places of worship belonging to different religions. The place had a very vibrant sport culture which slowly diminished due to exodus of youth out of town for employment.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Census of India, Majhola had a population of 21,824. Males constitute 52.45% of the population and females 47.55%. Nyoria Husainpur has an average literacy rate of 29%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 37%, and female literacy is 20%. In Majhola, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Petalophyllaceae

Petalophyllaceae is a family of liverworts in the order Fossombroniales. Most species are thallose; that is, the plant is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaf. The thallus is typically small and bears lamellae on its dorsal surface that give it a ruffled, leafy appearance.
The family includes two extant genera, Petalophyllum and Sewardiella.
# Oeneis alpina

Oeneis alpina, the sentinel Arctic or Eskimo Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae. It occurs in Siberia and the northern parts of North America.

## Description

The wing span of O. alpina is about forty millimetres. The wings are orangish-brown, with the base two thirds a much darker shade. The forewing has one to three eyespots with white centres and the hindwing has two. The underside of the wings also have these eyespots, and the underside of the hindwing is mottled with brown and grey streaks. The female is a little larger than the male with the basal region of the wing a paler shade. This species resembles the brown Arctic (Oeneis chryxus) but the latter has a single eyespot on its hindwing.

## Distribution

Oeneis alpina occurs in north east Siberia, in the Chukot and Magadan regions, and the tundra regions of Alaska, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. It is generally uncommon but occasionally abundant locally.

## Reproduction

There is a single brood per year in June and July. The males congregate on hilltops, screes and rocky places in tundra regions and the females fly to join them. After mating, the females return to wet boggy land where they deposit their eggs on or near their host plants which are believed to be grasses, (Poa species). Little is known of the development of the larvae, but it is assumed that they overwinter twice before maturing as the butterflies are locally abundant only in alternate years.

## Subspecies

* Oeneis alpina alpina (Magadan, Chukot Peninsula)
* Oeneis alpina execubitor Troubridge, Philip, Scott & Shepard, 1982 (northern Yukon, Northwest Territories, northern Alaska)

## Similar species

Chryxus Arctic (O. chryxus)
# 20th Century Masters: The Christmas Collection

20th Century Masters: The Christmas Collection may refer to:
* 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait
* 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba
# Magnus Mandersson

Magnus Mandersson (born May 12, 1959) is a Swedish businessman. He was Executive Vice President at telecommunications company Ericsson from 2011 to 2017, and is currently chairman of Tampnet AS, Karnov Group and NEXT Biometrics.

## Biography

Magnus currently serves as the chairman of Tampnet AS, operating the world's largest offshore communication network, Karnov Group, providing legal and tax related information services, and NEXT Biometrics, developing biometric authentication tools. He is also a member of the Advisory Council of Interogo Foundation.
At Ericsson, his last role was as head of Business Unit Global Services. Prior to assuming this role in 2010, he had been responsible for Business Unit CDMA Mobile Systems, Ericsson's businesses in Northern Europe, the Global Customer Account Deutsche Telekom AG and Managed Services business globally.
Preceding his work at Ericsson, he has held management positions within the Swedish conglomerate Kinnevik, as both COO of Millicom SA and CEO of Tele2 Europe. Mandersson also held the position as the first President of Comviq Vietnam/Mobifone in 1994. In the beginning of his career, he worked at IKEA in Europe and Asia.
Mandersson holds a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Lund University. He has been residing, with his family, in Luxembourg since 1997.
# Massachusetts State College–Fort Devens

Massachusetts State College–Fort Devens (also referred to as 'Devens State College' or 'Fort Devens State') was a public university located in Ayer, Massachusetts, United States.

## History

After the end of World War II, the G.I. Bill helped swell the ranks of colleges in Massachusetts. As a result, Fort Devens, which had served as a mustering ground and internment camp during the war, was converted into a college by the University of Massachusetts Board of Trustees in 1946. The school was only open to veterans of the war who were Massachusetts residents. The campus was placed under the supervision of Massachusetts State College–Amherst.
The initial plan was to have the campus open for two years while the wave of returning servicemen filtered through the college system. Those plans were later changed to allow Devens State to remain open for as long as it took all veterans to receive 4-year degrees. That fall the school opened with 1,310 enrolled students and saw its attendance increase to 1,700 for the spring semester. Unfortunately, most of the student body was unhappy with their accommodations; the former military barracks had been converted into housing and caused many students to transfer out as quickly as possible. Enrollment declined sharply each year and eventually forced the closure of the college following the 1948–49 academic year.

## Education

While it was active, Devens State offered courses in language arts, science, agriculture, engineering, and business administration.

## Athletics

Shortly after opening, students organized ice hockey and basketball teams. In the spring, baseball, track and field, golf and tennis clubs were also started. A football team was put together for the school's second year. The school's teams used the moniker 'Chiefs' for the duration of their existences. Vic Stout, a former Boston sportswriter and public relations and athletic officer at Fort Devens, was the school's director of athletics and physical education.
# Lisa Marie Newmyer

Lisa Marie Newmyer (born August 27, 1968) is an American actress. She made her feature film debut in The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1995), and went on to appear in several other films, such as Sin City (2005) and A Scanner Darkly (2006).

## Biography

Newmyer graduated from the School of Theatre at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, Texas. She made her feature film debut in The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1995) opposite Renée Zellweger and Matthew McConaughey and directed by Kim Henkel, the writer of the 1974 original film.
In 1997, she was cast as Mona on the MTV series Austin Stories, which aired through 1998. In 2005, she had a supporting role in Frank Miller's Sin City (2005), and the following year appeared in a supporting role in Richard Linklater's sci-fi film A Scanner Darkly portraying Connie.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1994 | Heaven Help Us | Featured role | Television series |
| 1994 | The House on Todville Road | Sarah Todville | |
| 1995 | The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre | Heather | |
| 1997–1998 | Austin Stories | Mona | 4 episodes |
| 1999 | Crosswalk | Celia Moss | Short film |
| 2003 | Rolling Kansas | Satin | |
| 2004 | Sak 600 | Nurse Allie | Short film |
| 2005 | Sin City | Tammy | |
| 2005 | A Scanner Darkly | Connie | |
| 2008 | Friday Night Lights | Ali | Episode: "It Ain't Easy Being D.J. McCoy" |
# Majhthana

Majhthana is a town and Village Development Committee in Kaski District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,670 persons living in 791 individual households.
# Peter O'Meara

Peter O'Meara (born 27 October 1969) is an Irish actor. Known for his work on the London stage he came to the screen in the HBO series Band of Brothers playing the role of Lieutenant Norman Dike. He garnered a popular following on USA TV series Peacemakers as Detective Larimer Finch bringing the science of the future to the old west opposite Tom Berenger as Marshal Jared Stone. For this, he received the Western Heritage Bronze Wrangler award.
O'Meara went on to star on season 4 of Alias as international arms dealer Martin Bishop opposite Jennifer Garner. He has also guest starred on CSI: NY with Gary Sinise, Without a Trace with Anthony La Paglia and The Forgotten with Christian Slater. All three are produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. He recently recurred on the Sky/Cinemax action series Strike Back as Major Brian Donoghue.
O'Meara has appeared in the independent features Haven with Orlando Bloom, Resident Evil: Extinction, with Milla Jovovich and the acclaimed British First World War drama My Boy Jack with Daniel Radcliffe and Carey Mulligan
O'Meara took minor roles in the indie comedy The Grand with Ray Romano and the film Leap Year opposite Amy Adams and John Lithgow.
He is friend to Justin Long in the New Line Cinema hit romantic comedy He's Just Not That Into You playing Bill opposite Ginnifer Goodwin. The CD film soundtrack contains a special extra date scene between the two.
In 2013, O'Meara joined series four of acclaimed award-winning Irish television drama Love/Hate in the role of conflicted dentist Andrew.
He has recurred in the American drama series, NCIS, as Marco Sali head of interpol starting Season 12 in the episode, "The Lost Boys".
# 1994 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships

The 1994 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, also known by its sponsored name Miller Lite Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island, United States that was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from July 4 through July 10, 1994 Unseeded David Wheaton won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

David Wheaton defeated Todd Woodbridge 6–4, 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$
* It was Wheaton's 1st singles title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

### Doubles

Alex Antonitsch / Greg Rusedski defeated Kent Kinnear / David Wheaton 6–4, 3–6, 6–4
# Oedopeza maculatissima

Oedopeza maculatissima is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Martins in 1976.
# John Breen

John Breen may refer to:
* John Breen (actor), actor in the film Untraceable
* John Breen (Australian politician) (1898–1966), Australian politician
* John Breen (playwright), Irish playwright
* John Breen (RAF officer) (1896–1964), senior officer in the Royal Air Force
* John Breen (scholar) (born 1956), British Japanologist
* John W. Breen (1907–1984), American football coach and executive
* John Breen (sailor) (1827–1875), Irish soldier who fought in the American Civil War
* John Breen (Irish politician), Irish Labour party politician
# Order of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor

The Most Exalted Order of the Sultan Ibrahim Johor (Malay: Darjah Sultan Ibrahim Johor Yang Amat Disanjungi) is a knighthood order of the Sultanate of Johor.

## History

The Order was founded by Sultan Ibrahim Sultan Iskandar in conjunction with his coronation on 23 March 2015.

## Classes

The Order is awarded in three classes:
* The Honourable Grand Knight (Dato' Sri Mulia, post-nominal letters : SMIJ)
* The Honourable Knight (Dato' Mulia, post-nominal letters : DMIJ)
* The Honourable Companion (Setia Mulia, post-nominal letters : SIJ)

## Recipients
### The Honourable Grand Knight (S.M.I.J.)

* Tunku Ismail Idris (2015)
* Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah (2015)
* Tunku Idris Iskandar (2015)
* Tunku Abdul Jalil Iskandar (2015)
* Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri (2015)
* Tunku Abu Bakar (2015)
* Enche' Besar Hajah Khalsom binti Abdullah (2015)
* Mohamed Khaled Nordin (2015)
* Abdul Rahim Ramli (2015)
* Raja Zarith Sofiah (2017)
* Daing Malik Daing Rahaman (2017)
* Onn Hafiz Ghazi (2023)

## Foreign Recipients
### The Honourable Grand Knight (S.M.I.J.)

* Rodrigo Duterte (2019)
* Apirat Kongsompong (2020)
* Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (2020)
* Ho Ching (2022)
# Inkabi Nation

Inkabi Nation is a studio album by South African artists Big Zulu, Xowla, Siya Ntuli, Mduduzi Ncube and Lwah Ndlunkulu, released on September 9, 2022 through Nkabi Records.

## Background

In early September 2022, Big Zulu announced the album's release date and final track listing on Instagram.

## Awards

The album earned a nomination for Best Traditional Album at 29th South African Music Awards.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2023 | Inkabi Nation | Best Traditional Album | Nominated |

## Release and singles

"Voicemail" by Big Zulu, Mduduzi Ncube, Lwah Ndlunkulu, Siya Ntuli and Xowla was released as the album's lead single on June 24, 2022. The song peaked at number one on Apple Music in South Africa.
The standard edition of the album was released on September 9, 2022.
# Tasmannia xerophila

Tasmannia xerophila, commonly known as alpine pepperbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Winteraceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a bushy shrub to small tree with lance-shaped leaves, the narrower end towards the base. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants, the male flowers with 9 to 30 stamens and the female flowers with up to 8 carpels. The fruit is glossy black and contains 2 to 7 seeds.

## Description

Tasmannia xerophila is a bushy shrub to small tree that typically grows to a height of 0.6–4 m (2 ft 0 in – 13 ft 1 in) and usually forms clumps, the branchlets reddish-brown. The leaves are leathery, lance-shaped to narrowly so, with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 30–140 mm (1.2–5.5 in) long and 5–30 mm (0.20–1.18 in) wide on a petiole 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants, male flowers on a pedicel 7–23 mm (0.28–0.91 in) long with 9 to 30 stamens. Female flowers are borne on a pedicel 5–16 mm (0.20–0.63 in) long and usually have 2 petals 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide, and up to 8 carpels with 2 to 9 ovules. Flowering occurs from December to February and the fruit is glossy black to glaucous, 6.5–11 mm (0.26–0.43 in) long, containing 2 to 7 seeds 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.138 in) long and 2.0–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described by Paul Évariste Parmentier, who gave it the name Drimys xerophila in Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, but the name was illegitimate. In 1976, Max Gray transferred the species to Tasmannia and legitimised the name T. zerophila in Contributions from the Herbarium Australiense.
In 1994, Ruth E. Raleigh and others described subspecies robusta, and the name, and that of the autonym are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Tasmannia xerophila subsp. robusta Raleigh commonly known as Errinundra pepper, is a shrub to small tree up to 4 m (13 ft) high with leaves 70–140 mm (2.8–5.5 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide on a petiole 3.5–6 mm (0.14–0.24 in) long, and female flowers with up to 8 carpels containing 3 to 7 ovules per carpel.
* Tasmannia xerophila M.Gray subsp. xerophila commonly known as alpine pepper is a shrub up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) high with leaves 30–90 mm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 5–17 mm (0.20–0.67 in) wide on a petiole 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long, and female flowers with usually up to 6 carpels containing 2 to 9 ovules per carpel.

## Distribution and habitat

Subspecies robusta grows in tall, open forest on Mount Ellery and Goonmirk Rocks in East Gippsland, Victoria. Subspecies xerophila has a wider distribution in open forest, woodland or subalpine grassland from the central highland of southern New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory to the eastern parts of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, where it often grows in snow gum woodland.
# Lisa Marie Bezzina

Lisa Marie Bezzina (born 5 November 1979) is a Maltese long-distance runner. She won the gold medal in both the women's 5000 metres and women's 10,000 metres events at the 2019 Games of the Small States of Europe held Budva, Montenegro.

## Career

In 2015, she competed in the women's 3000 metres event at the European Games held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
In 2018, she competed in the women's half marathon at the 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Valencia, Spain. She also competed in the women's half marathon at the 2018 Mediterranean Games held in Tarragona, Spain. She finished in 9th place.
In 2019, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished in 104th place.
In 2020, she competed in the women's half marathon at the World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland.