OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Divan (film)

Divan is a 2004 documentary film directed by Pearl Gluck. This film documents the director's journey as she returns to her Hungarian roots in order to find a couch that had been in her family for years. During this search the audience gets to witness Gluck explore her true identity, as well as gain a glimpse into Hasidic culture.

## Plot

Pearl Gluck seeks to bring an ancestral couch, upon which esteemed rabbis once slept, back to her family. She travels from her home community of Hasidic Brooklyn to her roots in Hungary. During this journey Gluck meets a colorful cast of people, such as a couch exporter, her ex-communist cousin living in Budapest, a pair of matchmakers, and a group of formerly Orthodox Jews.

## Production

Divan was in production for five years as Gluck's debut feature documentary. It was developed with that assistance of the Sundance Institute.

## Reviews

The film received an overall positive reception from critics, with a 71 score from Metacritic and a 95% score from Rotten Tomatoes.

## Screenings and awards

* Titanic International Filmfestival (2009) Official Selection
* Wisconsin Film Festival Official Selection
* Tribeca Film Festival Official Selection
* Hong Kong Jewish Film Festival Official Selection
* Warsaw Jewish Film Festival Official Selection
# Division No. 14, Alberta

Division No. 14 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. The majority of the division is located in the western portion of central Alberta, while the westernmost portion of the division is located within Alberta's Rockies. The division's largest urban community is the Town of Hinton.

## Census subdivisions

The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Alberta's Division No. 14.
* Towns
** Edson
** Hinton
* Hamlets
** Brulé
** Cadomin
** Entrance
** Evansburg
** Marlboro
** Niton Junction
** Obed
** Peers
** Pinedale
** Robb
** Wildwood
* Municipal districts
** Yellowhead County
* Improvement districts
** Improvement District No. 25 (Willmore Wilderness Park)

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 14 had a population of 28,617 living in 11,552 of its 13,032 total private dwellings, a change of -2.3% from its 2016 population of 29,291. With a land area of 26,902.83 km$^2$ (10,387.24 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.1/km$^2$ (2.8/sq mi) in 2021.
# Diving at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Women's 1 metre springboard

The Women's 1 metre springboard diving competition at the 2015 Summer Universiade in Gwangju was held on 3–4 July at the Nambu University International Aquatics Center.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Friday, 3 July 2015 | 10:00 | Preliminary |
| Friday, 3 July 2015 | 14:45 | Semifinals |
| Saturday, 4 July 2015 | 13:15 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Athletes | Preliminary | Preliminary | Semi-final | Semi-final | Dive | Dive | Dive | Dive | Dive | Final |
| Rank | Athletes | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Final |
| | Zheng Shuangxue (CHN) | 282.85 | 1 | | | 55.2 | 55.2 | 58.8 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 286.20 |
| | Kim Na-mi (KOR) | 251.00 | 5 | 248.70 | 5 | 54 | 54.05 | 56.4 | 59.8 | 50.7 | 274.95 |
| | Sun Mengchen (CHN) | 279.05 | 2 | | | 54 | 51.75 | 54 | 58.5 | 54.6 | 272.85 |
| 4 | Yuka Mabuchi (JPN) | 247.60 | 8 | 248.80 | 4 | 46.2 | 58.5 | 43.2 | 50.6 | 54 | 252.50 |
| 5 | Laura Bilotta (ITA) | 237.80 | 11 | 246.55 | 6 | 54 | 54.6 | 43.7 | 46.8 | 46.2 | 245.30 |
| 6 | Jessica-Floriane Favre (SUI) | 244.25 | 9 | 250.50 | 2 | 50.4 | 58.5 | 42.9 | 33.35 | 46.8 | 231.95 |
| 7 | Olga Kulemina (RUS) | 247.60 | 7 | 253.20 | 1 | 54.6 | 52 | 39.1 | 50.4 | 34.8 | 230.90 |
| 8 | Rachel Mumma (USA) | 261.70 | 3 | 249.15 | 3 | 54 | 43.7 | 32.4 | 40.3 | 48.1 | 218.50 |
| 9 | Samantha Pickens (USA) | 240.20 | 10 | 245.75 | 7 | | | | | | |
| 10 | Daria Govor (RUS) | 256.60 | 4 | 244.10 | 8 | | | | | | |
| 11 | Haruka Enomoto (JPN) | 235.25 | 12 | 228.40 | 9 | | | | | | |
| 12 | Clare Michelle Cryan (GBR) | 234.70 | 13 | 209.90 | 10 | | | | | | |
| 13 | Zheng Qulin (CHN) | 247.90 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Kam Ling Kar (MAS) | 233.90 | 14 | | | | | | | | |
| 15 | Anabelle Smith (AUS) | 231.25 | 15 | | | | | | | | |
| 16 | Taina Karvonen (FIN) | 229.50 | 16 | | | | | | | | |
| 17 | Rhea Elizabeth Vernese Gayle (GBR) | 227.05 | 17 | | | | | | | | |
| 18 | Iira Laatunen (FIN) | 224.40 | 18 | | | | | | | | |
| 19 | Lauren Reedy (USA) | 224.20 | 19 | | | | | | | | |
| 20 | Jasmine Lai Pui Yee (MAS) | 221.10 | 20 | | | | | | | | |
| 21 | Irina Anikina (RUS) | 220.95 | 21 | | | | | | | | |
| 22 | Daniela Zambrano Montiel (MEX) | 209.25 | 22 | | | | | | | | |
| 23 | Moon Na-yun (KOR) | 201.05 | 23 | | | | | | | | |
| 24 | Flora Piroska Gondos (HUN) | 191.20 | 24 | | | | | | | | |
| 25 | Kahlia Warner (AUS) | 179.35 | 25 | | | | | | | | |
| 26 | Maria Natalie Dinda Anasti (INA) | 135.45 | 26 | | | | | | | | |
| — | Linadini Yasmin (INA) | DNS | | | | | | | | | |
# Doggers Nunataks

The Doggers Nunataks (67°46′S 54°51′E﻿ / ﻿67.767°S 54.850°E﻿ / -67.767; 54.850) are a group of peaks 30 nautical miles (60 km) southwest of Rayner Peak, to the southwest of Edward VIII Bay. They were photographed in October 1956 by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) aircraft and surveyed in December 1958 by G.A. Knuckey during a dog-sledge journey from Amundsen Bay to Mawson Station. The group was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for the members of the 1958 ANARE dog sledging party who were always referred to as the "Doggers."
# Dola Hill Stadium

Dola Hill Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Ndola, Zambia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home for Forest Rangers F.C.. The stadium holds 2,300 people. It is located in a township called Dola Hill.
12°57′44″S 28°35′33″E﻿ / ﻿12.96228°S 28.59263°E﻿ / -12.96228; 28.59263
# Dobersdorf

Dobersdorf is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Doghole River

The Doghole River is a river in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is part of the James Bay drainage basin. It flows from Doghole Lake, where the outlet is part of the Mishkeegogamang First Nation Osnaburgh Indian Reserve No. 63B, to the northeast shore of Lake St. Joseph; oddly, the mouth is not on Doghole Bay, adjacent to the east. Lake St. Joseph is the source of the Albany River, which flows to James Bay.
# Dolac (Novi Pazar)

Dolac is a village situated in Novi Pazar municipality in Serbia.
# Dolac, Glamoč

Dolac is a village in the municipality of Glamoč in Canton 10, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 84.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 13 | 81.3% |
| Serbs | 3 | 18.8% |
| Total | 16 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 506–507.
# Ikoko-Impenge

Ikoko-Impenge (also transliterated as Ikoko-Ipenge or Ikoki-Impenge) is a village situated 30 kilometers to the south-east of the market town of Bikoro in the Province of Équateur of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Although Ikoko-Impenge is accessible by road, it is difficult to reach in the rainy season, and lacks mobile telephone connectivity.
The village is in Ikoko health area. In 2018, a police officer who died in a health centre in Ikoko-Impenge is believed to have been the first known victim of the 2018 Équateur province Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak.
# Ifenildo Vlijter

Ifenildo Vlijter (born November 17, 1974) is a retired Surinamese footballer who played as a forward for House of Billiards, Robinhood, Inter Moengotapoe and Royal '95 in the Hoofdklasse, and for the Suriname national team.

## Club career

Vlijter began his career in the 1999–2000 Hoofdklasse season, playing for House of Billiards in Paramaribo finishing his first season as the league's joint top goalscorer together with Benny Kejansi (of Inter Moengotapoe) finishing with 24 goals each. The following year he transferred to S.V. Robinhood. Returning to House of Billiards where he remained for two seasons before transferring to Inter Moengotapoe for two seasons, followed by two seasons with Royal '95. In 2007, he returned to Robinhood where he would end his last season as a player as league top scorer once more with 17 goals scored.

## International career

Vlijter has played for the Suriname national team, having made his debut in 2000. He has made 7 official appearances in qualifying campaigns for the FIFA World Cup, CONCACAF Gold Cup and the Caribbean Cup.

## Honors
### Individual

* SVB Hoofdklasse Top Goalscorer (2): 1999–00, 2007–08
# Il nido di Falasco

Il nido di falasco is a 1950 Italian melodrama film directed by Guido Brignone.

## Cast

* Umberto Spadaro
* Liliana Tellini
* Ermanno Randi
* Gaetano Verna
* Carlo Lombardi
* Pina Piovani
* Checco Durante
* Maria Zanoli
# Ignacio de Arbieto

Ignacio de Arbieto (1585 – 7 August 1670) was a Jesuit philosopher and historian of Peru.

## Biography

Arbieto was born in Madrid. He joined the Jesuit Order in 1603 and was ordained as a priest in Lima, Peru, in 1612. He was appointed chair of philosophy in Quito, Ecuador, then he went to Arequipa and finally back to Lima.
He spent his final years writing "Historia del Perú y de las fundaciones que he hecho en él la Compañía de Jesús". The manuscript is in the National Archives of Lima. He died in Lima on 7 August 1670.
# Igor Latinović

Igor Latinović (born 6 August 1971) is a Yugoslav alpine skier. He competed in three events at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# IlvH RNA motif

The ilvH RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. ilvH motifs are found in Betaproteobacteria.
ilvH motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes. Specifically, the RNAs are upstream of genes that encode a predicted acetolactate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids.
# Macroleter

Macroleter is an extinct genus of nycteroleterid parareptile which existed in Oklahoma and Russia during the upper Permian period. It was a quite generalized primitive reptile, in many ways resembling their amphibian ancestors. It was first named by paleontologists Tverdochlebova and Ivachnenko in 1984. According to classification by Michel Laurin and Robert R. Reisz, the genus is a parareptile, belonging to the same branch as Millerettidae, Procolophonidae and other generalized anapsid reptiles. The type species is Macroleter poezicus from Upper Permian of Russia.
Macroleter had an 8 cm skull, and an overall length of 75 cm. It was generally lizard-like in build with a rather flat and broad skull. The teeth were small and pointy, indication it predominantly hunted insects and other small invertebrates.
Seymouria agilis (Olson, 1980) that is known from only one specimen (holotype UCMP 143 277) was originally thought to be a reptile-like amphibian and assigned to the genus Seymouria. The find consists of a nearly complete skeleton from the Chickasha Formation of Oklahoma. In 2001, the find was reassigned by Laurin and Reisz to Macroleter. Tokosaurus, another parareptile thought to be closely related to Macroleter, has also been reassigned to Macroleter and considered to be a juvenile of M. poezicus as they are known from the same locality.
# Luis J. Lauredo

Luis J. Lauredo (born 1949) is an American diplomat who served as the 15th United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2000 to 2001 and National Coordinator for the 3rd Summit of the Americas held in Quebec City, Canada.

## Biography

Lauredo received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia College, graduating in 1972. He attended the University of Madrid, Spain for graduate studies and Georgetown University Law Center.
Lauredo had an extensive career in public service. He was Senior Vice President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, Commissioner of the Florida Public Service Commission, City Councilman for the Village of Key Biscayne, Florida, and as the President's Representative to the Southern States Energy Board. He served as the executive director of the 1994 Summit of the Americas in Miami.
Lauredo was appointed on December 22, 1999, for the post of ambassador. At the time of his appointment, he was the President of Greenberg Traurig Consulting Inc., an affiliate of the international law firm Greenberg Traurig, where he specialized in international relations, energy, telecommunications, aviation, and banking issues.
He is a member of the Council of American Ambassadors.
# Biathlon European Championships 2012 – Women's 4 x 6 km Relay

The women's relay competition of the Biathlon European Championships 2012 was held on February 2, 2012 at 10:00 local time.

## Results

| Place | Country | Team | Penalties | Time |
| 1 | Ukraine | Juliya Dzhyma Valj Semerenko Vita Semerenko Olena Pidhrushna | 0+0 0+1 0+2 0+1 0+0 0+0 0+2 0+1 | 1:15:14.3 |
| 2 | Russia | Anastasia Zagoruiko Aleksandra Alikina Evgenia Seledtsova Ekaterina Shumilova | 0+0 0+0 0+3 0+2 0+0 0+1 0+0 0+1 | +1:18.1 |
| 3 | Germany | Maren Hammerschmidt Nadine Horchler Carolin Hennecke Juliane Döll | 0+0 0+2 0+1 0+2 0+0 0+3 0+0 0+1 | +1:52.7 |
| 4 | Czech Republic | Veronika Zvařičová Gabriela Soukalová Barbora Tomešová Lea Johanidesová | 0+1 0+0 1+3 0+1 0+0 0+0 0+3 0+3 | +6:18.1 |
| 5 | Belarus | Darja Jurkewitsch Ala Talkatsch Darja Nestertschik Maryia Chelachova | 0+0 0+1 0+0 0+2 0+0 0+1 0+1 0+2 | +6:57.8 |
| 6 | Poland | Karolina Pitoń Monika Hojnisz Beata Szymańczak Katarzyna Leja | 0+0 0+1 0+2 0+0 0+0 0+1 0+2 0+2 | +7:37.9 |
| 7 | Slovakia | Martina Chrapánová Terézia Poliaková Natália Prekopová Lucia Simová | 0+1 2+3 0+0 0+1 0+1 0+1 0+0 0+2 | LAP |
# Carolina, West Virginia

Carolina is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Carolina is 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northwest of Worthington. Carolina has a post office with ZIP code 26563. As of the 2010 census, its population was 411.
The community was named after Caroline Watson, a daughter of mining executive James Watson.

## Notable person

Carolina is the hometown of Alabama Crimson Tide football head coach Nick Saban.
# Clearfield Progress

The Clearfield Progress is a daily newspaper serving Clearfield in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1913 as successor to the Clearfield Herald.
It has a circulation of about 12,000 and is published six days a week.

## History

This newspaper was originally a vehicle for progressive politics and the "Bull Moosers", and the 1913 change in ownership and renewed focus led to an immediate jump in subscribers. (The progressive party in Pennsylvania at the time was known as the "Washington Party" for historical reasons.)
It was bought by a group of business people with John Bixler put in as editor. It opposed the re-election of Senator Boies Penrose in 1913.
In 1914, the paper accused then-gubernatorial candidate Martin Brumbuagh of being drunk while touring Clearfield county during his campaign. Bixler apologized for reprinting what was a possible lie. Henry Stough, an anti-liquor activist, had made the accusation and the paper had mentioned the attack. Bixler initially stated that because the paper had not made the assertion and just reported the attack, the event was correctly reported. Stough also claimed he had not directly said Brumbaugh was drunk
In 1945, publisher G. Albert Stewart urged newspapers to support the World War II effort, even in the last days of the war. Braton Gardner soon succeeded him as publisher.
The Progress was sold to the Community Media Group in 2015.
# 2005 Campeonato Mineiro

The 2005 Campeonato Mineiro de Futebol do Módulo I was the 91st season of Minas Gerais's top-flight professional football league. The season began on January 23 and ended on April 17. Ipatinga won the title for the 1st time.

## Participating teams

| Club | Home city | Previous season |
| América | Belo Horizonte | 3rd |
| Atlético | Belo Horizonte | 2nd |
| Caldense | Poços de Caldas | 4th |
| Cruzeiro | Belo Horizonte | 1st |
| Democrata | Sete Lagoas | 2nd (Second level) |
| Guarani | Divinópolis | 6th |
| Ipatinga | Ipatinga | 7th |
| Ituiutaba | Ituiutaba | 1st (Second level) |
| Mamoré | Patos de Minas | 10th |
| URT | Patos de Minas | 8th |
| Valeriodoce | Itabira | 9th |
| Villa Nova | Nova Lima | 5th |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Cruzeiro | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 23 | 7 | +16 | 26 | Qualified to the Semifinals |
| 2 | Ipatinga | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 21 | 9 | +12 | 24 | Qualified to the Semifinals |
| 3 | URT | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 16 | +4 | 21 | Qualified to the Semifinals |
| 4 | Atlético | 11 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 24 | 14 | +10 | 19 | Qualified to the Semifinals |
| 5 | Villa Nova | 11 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 16 | −1 | 17 | |
| 6 | Ituiutaba | 11 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 17 | 16 | +1 | 14 | |
| 7 | América | 11 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 21 | −6 | 13 | |
| 8 | Guarani | 11 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 18 | −3 | 12 | |
| 9 | Caldense | 11 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 15 | −3 | 11 | |
| 10 | Democrata-SL | 11 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 15 | −7 | 10 | |
| 11 | Valeriodoce | 11 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 26 | −11 | 9 | Relegated |
| 12 | Mamoré | 11 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 21 | −12 | 5 | Relegated |

### Final Tournament

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 4th | Atlético | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | |
| 1st | Cruzeiro | 1 | 0 | 1 | | | | | |
| 1st | Cruzeiro | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1st | Cruzeiro | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | | | | | 2nd | Ipatinga | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 3rd | URT | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2nd | Ipatinga | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2nd | Ipatinga | 4 | 2 | 6 | | | | | |

## Finals
### Second leg

* Campeonato Mineiro 2005 champion
* Ipatinga 1st title
# Gramme (disambiguation)

Gramme (or gram) is a unit of mass.
Gramme may also refer to:
* Gramme (river), a river in Thuringia, Germany
* Gramme-Aue, a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in Thuringia, Germany
* Gramme-Vippach, a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in Thuringia, Germany
* Gramme machine, an electrical generator
* 2666 Gramme, a minor planet
* Institut Gramme, a graduate school of engineering part of Haute École HELMo in Liege in Belgium

## People with that surname

* Zénobe Gramme (1826–1901), Belgian electrical engineer
# Grammatotheca

Grammatotheca is a genus of plants in the Campanulaceae. It has only one known species, Grammatotheca bergiana, native to South Africa but naturalized in Western Australia.
# Grand Nomenon

Grand Nomenon (3,488m) is a mountain of the Graian Alps in Aosta Valley, Italy.
Despite being a fine pyramidal peak in its own right, Grand Nomenon lives somewhat in the shadow of its giant southern neighbour Grivola. The summit however provides a fantastic panorama and climbs usually start from the Cogne Valley to the north.
# Grease Creek

Grease Creek is a stream in Alberta, Canada.
Grease Creek was so named on account of greasewood in the area.
# Graham Reid

Graham Reid may refer to:
* Graham Reid (field hockey) (born 1964), former Australian field hockey player
* Graham Reid (writer) (born 1945), writer from Northern Ireland
* Graham Reid (journalist), New Zealand journalist and music critic
# List of Pakistani women artists

The following list of Pakistani women artists (in alphabetical order by last name) includes artists of various genres, who are notable and are either born in Pakistan, of Pakistani descent or who produce works that are primarily about Pakistan.

## A

* Humaira Abid (active since 2000s), wood artist
* Lubna Agha (1949–2012), painter, educator, art director
* Zubeida Agha (1922–1997), Modernist painter
* Anna Molka Ahmed (1917–1995), painter, educator
* Sheherezade Alam (born 1948), ceramist

## B

* Huma Bhabha (born 1962), sculptor
* Ambreen Butt (born 1969), Pakistani-American artist

## J

* Mehreen Jabbar (born 1971), television and film director
* Misha Japanwala, sculptor and fashion designer
* Zehra Laila Javeri (born 1971), painter

## K

* Aisha Khalid (born 1972), contemporary artist

## L

* Laila Khan (Singer)

## M

* Muniba Mazari (born 1987), painter, writer, activist
* Huma Mulji (born 1970), sculptor, photographer

## N

* Nigar Nazar (born 1953), Pakistan's first female cartoonist

## Q

* Tazeen Qayyum (born 1973), Pakistani-Canadian conceptual artist
* Ayessha Quraishi (born 1970), contemporary artist

## R

* Sughra Rababi (1922–1994), painter, designer, sculptor

## S

* Huma Safdar (fl 1980s), arts teacher, artist
* Hiba Schahbaz (born 1981), painter
* Laila Shahzada (1926–1994), painter
* Shahzia Sikander (born 1969), painter, animator
* Shamim Nazli (1940–2010), music director

## T

* Sumaira Tazeen (born 1973), Canada-based Pakistani contemporary miniature artist

## W

* Saira Wasim (born 1975), painter
# Grand Alliance

Grand Alliance may refer to:
* Grand Alliance (1815), an alternative name for the Holy Alliance founded by Tsar Alexander I of Russia
* Grand Alliance (Bangladesh), a coalition government in Bangladesh
* Grand Alliance (1971), a coalition of opposition political parties in India during the 1971 Indian general election.
* Grand Alliance (HDTV), the consortium of companies developing the American HDTV standard
* Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), a coalition of European nations in the 17th and 18th century
* Second Grand Alliance, a re-formation of the League of Augsburg; see Treaty of The Hague (1701)
* Grand Alliance (Philippines), a historical political coalition in the Philippines led by the Progressive Party
* Grand Alliance (World War II), an alliance of the US, UK, and Soviet Union against Nazi Germany during World War II
* Grand Alliance for Democracy, a coalition of political parties in the Philippines, led by the Nacionalista Party
* Grand Alliance Party, a political party in Sierra Leone
* The Grand Alliance, the third volume of Winston Churchill's The Second World War
* Grand Allies, coal cartel in north-east England, also known as the Grand Alliance
# Graphocentrism

Graphocentrism or scriptism is a typically unconscious interpretative bias in which writing is privileged over speech.
Biases in favor of the written or printed word are closely associated with the ranking of sight above sound, the eye above the ear, which has been called 'ocularcentrism'. It opposes phonocentrism, which is the bias in favor of speech.