OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chrysidinae

The subfamily Chrysidinae contains those species that are most commonly recognized as cuckoo wasps, being by far the largest and most familiar subfamily. The group contains 3000 species with 48 genera worldwide. They are highly sculptured, with brilliantly metallic-colored bodies, covering the entire spectrum, but primarily blues and greens.

## Taxonomy and Range

The subfamily Chrysidinae is divided into five tribes: Chrysidini, Elampini, Parnopini, Kimseyini, and Allocoeliini, the first two of which are abundant and widespread. Allocoeliini is found in South Africa and the Kimseyini has a single genus and species in Uzbekistan.

## Ecology

Chrysidinae are the most diverse in desert regions of the world, as they are typically associated with solitary bee and wasp species, which are also the most diverse in such areas. They are very active in dry, warm, and open areas between the months of May and August. The adults consume flower nectar, while looking for nests for their eggs.

## Appearance

The Chrysidinae have terga that are strongly convex, with a laterotergite not seen easily, ventrally around the sterna. The sterna of this subfamily is flat or concave and not seen from the lateral view. The females and males have three visible metasomal segments, while the parnopine males have four. The internally retracted metasomal segments are genital or egg-laying tubes. The female sting apparatus has been modified into an egg-laying tube and they cannot sting in defense. The metasoma acts as a mechanism for protection when entering a host nest. They are capable of folding their metasoma up against their head and thorax, covering most of their legs and lower head.

## Reproduction

Their characteristic "scurry and fly" search pattern when looking for hosts is quite distinctive, even when seen from a distance. They land on a surface, typically either soil or wood, and scurry a short distance, in quick, hesitant spurts, with their antennae quivering vigorously as they go - and then they abruptly take off, typically only flying a short distance before landing again and repeating the maneuver. These wasps are brood parasitoids of crabronid wasps, bees, and eumenine vespids. They are generally kleptoparasites, laying their eggs in host nests, where their larvae consume the host, egg, or larva while it is still young, then consuming the provisions. The ovipositor is tube-like, and used to slip the eggs into the host nests. These wasps' only defenses, therefore, are passive; the heavily sculpted integument (which reduces the risk of being bitten or stung by an angry host), and their ability to cover up their vulnerable limbs and appendages when threatened by rolling up (much like an armadillo).
# Científicos Industria Argentina

Científicos Industria Argentina is an Argentine television program. It describes the news about science and technology in Argentina.

## Awards

* 2014 Martín Fierro Awards: Best cultural program.
* This article about a television show originating in Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cibyra jordani

Cibyra jordani is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Brazil.
# Cibyra lagopus

Cibyra lagopus is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Suriname.
# Cibyra guyanensis

Cibyra guyanensis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from French Guiana.
# Cidnopus pilosus

Cidnopus pilosus is a species of click beetle belonging to the subfamily Dendrometrinae of the family Elateridae.

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm and in the Near East. It is missing in the British Isles.

## Habitat

These beetles mainly inhabit heaths, open forests, meadows, hedge rows and the lower vegetation, with preference for sunny environments.

## Description

The adults grow up to 8–13 millimetres (0.31–0.51 in) long. The pronotum is strong, tightly punctured, and a little wider than long. Elytra have distinct stripes of points. The 3rd segment of antennae is significantly longer than the 2nd, almost as long as the 4th. The first elements can be inserted into a groove on the inner edge of the prothorax. The basic color is metallic black, with bronze luster. The upper side of the body is covered by gray hairs.

## Biology

Adults can mostly be encountered from April through July. The larvae mainly feed on roots of Poaceae species. The main host-plants are Rosaceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae species, as Crataegus and Heracleum species, etc.
# Cimitero Storico

45°33′22.06″N 9°17′54.71″E﻿ / ﻿45.5561278°N 9.2985306°E﻿ / 45.5561278; 9.2985306
Cimitero Storico (Italian for "historic cemetery") is located in Viale Lombardia, Brugherio, between Via Cajani and Via Virgilio. It was originally located in the block between Viale Lombardia, Via Vittorio Veneto and Via Galvani.

## History

The cemetery was built in Brugherio in 1787 and, as required by law, placed outside the town. It stood above a plot belonging to Gaspare Ghirlanda, one of the largest landowners of the time. In 1894, the village having expanded, the cemetery was moved further north, along Viale Lombardia. In the eighteenth century, cadastral maps show another space probably used as a cemetery, called prato del Larrazetto, located between Via San Maurizio and Via San Cristoforo. It and was used as a burial ground for plague victims. During the "plague of Saint Charles" in 1576, a mass grave had to be created to bury the large number of people who died as a result of the epidemic.

## Arts

The area devoted to exhumations, with a brick and finely-worked iron fence, was used until the end of the 1960s. Inside the area, one can find the chapel for the celebration of Mass, as well as the tombstones of former priests and pastors of Brugherio, such as Don Gian Andrea Nova. Now missing several stones and marble, the cemetery also houses remains of local historical figures, such as of Dr. Paul Veladini, his wife, his brother Michael, their children and grandchildren.
# Cinnamomum percoriaceum

Cinnamomum percoriaceum is a species of tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is endemic to Borneo. It is a small tree growing to 6 metres tall, with a trunk to 7 cm in diameter.
It is known only from Sarawak (Limbang and Sri Aman districts). It grows in montane rain forest up to 2000 m elevation.
# Circle Gets the Square

Circle Gets the Square is Kevin Devine's first studio album as a solo artist. It was released in 2002 through Immigrant Sun Records. The songs featured on the album dramatically contrast with those of Miracle of 86, a band in which Kevin was the lead singer and guitarist. Kevin believed that the style and themes of his songs did not represent the band's music well.
The song "Protest Singer" was inspired by a lyric in The Smiths' "Shakespeare's Sister": I thought that if you had an acoustic guitar then it meant that you were a protest singer. Kevin recalled the influence of that lyric on his own work in an interview with Kevin Schachter of youasthedriver.com, to whom he remarked, "...I just used the lyric for a flyer for one of my first solo shows. Then when I thought about it, I realized it was true. Before Dashboard Confessional and all that, everyone associated a guy with an acoustic guitar as being a folk protest singer."
In 2012, the album was pressed on vinyl for the first time by Brookvale Records in collaboration with Enjoy the Ride Records and Kevin himself for the album's tenth anniversary, as well as in response to the album being difficult to find both digitally and physically. The pressing was limited to 750 copies, 250 of which are coloured "Maroon with Black Smoke", an exclusive version on Enjoy the Ride Records' webstore. All of those copies include an internet code for a digital download of the remastered audio of the original album.

## Track listing

* "Fingerprints & Photographs" – 3:43
* "Write Your Story Now" – 1:39
* "Protest Singer" – 3:22
* "Guys with Record Collections" – 3:28
* "If We Meet Today" – 3:48
* "This Box Is Empty" – 3:47
* "Working in Quiet" – 3:39
* "Letting a Good One Go" – 3:39
* "Confessional at 6 P.M." – 3:57
* "Lullaby for a Snow-Faced Girl" – 3:52
# Clarita

Clarita may refer to:

## Film

* Clarita (film), a 2019 Philippine horror film

## Places

* Clarita, Oklahoma, US
* Clarita Formation, a geologic formation in Oklahoma

## People

* Clarita Berenbau, or Clara Berenbau (1980–2013), Uruguayan presenter, actress, and writer
* Clarita Carlos (born 1946), Philippine political analyst and academic
* Clarita de Quiroz (born 1987), Scottish singer, songwriter, and model
* Clarita de Uriburu (1908-1995), Argentinian socialite
* Clarita Heath (1916–2003), American alpine skier
* Clarita Hunsberger (1906–2001), American diver
* Clarita Stauffer, or Clara Stauffer (1904–1984), Spanish Falangist and Nazi ratline operator
* Clarita Vidal (1883–1919), Edwardian musical comedy actress
* Clarita von Trott (1917–2013), German medical doctor and psychotherapist, widow of Nazi resister Adam von Trott zu Solz
# ClassTV

ClassTV was an Italian TV Channel launched in 2003 owned by Class Editori (who also own Class CNBC).
The channel originally launched as an all-news channel and renamed before Class News msnbc on 6 September 2010 and after ClassTV MSNBC on 2 May 2011.
It was later relaunched as an Italian news and movie channel before its closure. It was broadcast in Italy on DTT channel 27 on Mux Mediaset 2.
On 27 January 2015, the channel ceased transmission, and was replaced by a series of filter to promote Sky TG24's launch over the air.

## Programming

Class CNBC, Class Life and Class TV Moda are the three television channels of Class Editori. As a whole they constitute a TV bouquet that is unique in Italy, both for the kind of content and products provided to the public both for the positioning of the channels.
Among the strengths of the television offering of Class Editori, the partnership with NBC Universal, one of the world's leading media production and entertainment content provider.
Old version of ClassTV have transmitted all day:
* news including current affairs, talk show, business, sport
    Quelli del lunedì, Primo tempo, Punto e a capo, TG Giorno, TG Sera, Capital - La sfida, Watchdog
* NBC news
    NBC Nightly News
* weather programs including precise forecasts for all world by the Weather Channel
    Classmeteo SHOW, Lombroso variabile
* lifestyle and luxury programming
    Models NYC, Ladies, "Design & Living" Class Life 7, ARTV, Porsche Live, Class Ride & Drive.
* scientific, technology and medical programs
    Avatar, il mondo nuovo, Una vita per la scienza, My Tech Lab, Doctor 2+.
Instead, every Tuesday and Wednesday are transmitted:
* Solo Classici including movies and TV series
    La meglio gioventù, I viceré, Maria José - L'ultima Regina, I ragazzi di via Panispema, Giovanni Falcone, Genova - La Superba.
On Friday is broadcast the heading on Italian cinema
    Cinema Italiano Sono Loro!

### TV hosts

* Emmanuela Anderle
* Angela Antetomaso
* Giada Borioli
* Maurizio Bossi
* Edoardo Calcagno
* Lorenzo Catania
* Davide Dalla Libera (weatherman)
* Dario Donato
* Manuela Donghi
* Carlo Frioli
* Davide Fumagalli
* Marco Gaiazzi
* Serena Giacomin (weatherwoman)
* Luca Lombroso (weatherman in 2000s)
* Sergio Luciano
* Cristina Finocchi Mahne
* Alessandro Cecchi Paone
* Mariangela Pira
* Michele Salmi (weatherman)
* Linda Santaguida
* Silvia Sgaravatti
* Maurizio Toma
* Christian Toscano
* Marina Valerio
* Matteo Zanetti (weatherman)
* Michele Cicoria (weatherman)

## Applications

Class CNBC channel is distributed also through the most advanced multimedia platforms: www.milanofinanza.it (streaming), "Le TV di Class Editori", App, and Telesia's GO TV.

## Places of transmission

It is transmitted even in 35 airports and in the Milan Subway.
# Citra Maja Raya

Citra Maja Raya is a township development at Maja, Banten, Indonesia. The township is located about 80 km west of Jakarta, which has a land area of about 2000 hectares. This is part of 15000 hectares development zone, which is being developed by Ciputra group (alongside other developers) and expected to house 1.2 million people once completed. Maja is one of the 10 new public City, as stipulated in Indonesian Presidential Decree No. 2 of 2015 in the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015–2019.
Citra Maja Raya is designed to be an integrated city area based on transit-oriented development by transforming Maja railway station as the main transportation hub. The township is being developed in 27 clusters/sectors with individual name. There will be 8,000 units of house for low-income people. Development of the first cluster with an area of 430 hectares already completed. As of August 2018, 13,000 units of house are being developed, of which 7000 housing units are handed over to owners. A commercial area with shop-houses is also being developed.

## Transportation

Citra Maja Raya is about 1 km from Maja station of Greater Jakarta Commuter Rail.
# Claude Bailey

Claude Bailey (19 November 1895 – June 1950) was a British actor. He was born and died in London.

## Partial filmography

* Little Waitress (1932)
* The Unholy Quest (1934)
* The Saint Meets the Tiger (1941)
* Hatter's Castle (1942)
* Unpublished Story (1942)
* The Saint Meets the Tiger (1943)
* He Snoops to Conquer (1944)
* Don't Take It to Heart (1944)
* The Hundred Pound Window (1944)
* Bedelia (1946)
* The Calendar (1948)
* Elizabeth of Ladymead (1948)
# Clay drum

A clay drum is a variety of percussion instrument found in various parts of the world. It may refer to:

## Idiophones

* Ghatam, from India
* Udu, from Nigeria

## Membranophones

* Alligator drum once used in Neolithic China, made from clay and alligator hides
* Goblet drum, from the Middle East
* Khol, from India
* Kus, from Iran
* Madal, from Nepal
* Mrdanga, from India
* Naqareh, from the Middle East, Central Asia, and India
* Tassa, used by Indo-Caribbeans
* Tumdak', from India
* This article relating to percussion instruments is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Clay pan

Clay pan may refer to
* Claypan, a dense layer in the subsoil with high clay content
* Clay playa, a type of dry lake
# Claudia Barattini

Claudia Barattini (born 1960) is a Chilean teacher and political scientist. She was a minister during the second government of Michelle Bachelet.
Barattini was director of La Morada Women's Development Corporation (1998−1999), cultural attaché of the Chilean Embassy in Italy (2006−2010) and director of Foreign Affairs of the Teatro a Mil Foundation (2010−2014). For three seasons, she was the curator of the Chilean pavilion at the Venice Biennale.

## Bio

After the 1973 coup d'état led by general Augusto Pinochet against the Marxist government of Salvador Allende (1970−1973), Barattini went into exile alongside her parents in 1974. She lived in Poland and then in Italy, where she studied classical ballet at the National Academy of Dance in Rome, followed by three years of economics at La Sapienza University.
In the 1980s, Barattini returned to Chile to resume her studies in economics at the University of Chile, specializing in trade management. However, she left that field to study History at the Metropolitan University of Educational Sciences (UMCE)
# Clarkia jolonensis

Clarkia jolonensis is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name Jolon clarkia. It is endemic to Monterey County, California, where it is known from the woodlands of the Central Coast Ranges.

## Description

This is an erect annual herb growing a hairless, waxy stem up to about half a meter in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped and a few centimeters long. The top of the stem is occupied by an erect inflorescence with opening flowers below an erect array of closed, hanging flower buds. The sepals of the bud remain fused as it opens into a bloom. The fan-shaped lavender petals are often flecked with red and tinted with pink, each measuring one or two centimeters long. There are 8 stamens, some of which have large lavender anthers, and some bearing smaller, paler anthers.
This plant is very similar to, and historically confused with, Clarkia lewisii, which differs from C. jolonensis in that the former has a curved inflorescence with closely packed nodding flower buds, while the latter has an erect, widely spaced inflorescence. Some of the few known occurrences of this plant may actually be its sister species, making it rarer than officially listed.
# Clarkia lassenensis

Clarkia lassenensis is a species of wildflower known by the common name Lassen clarkia. This plant is native to the US states of California, Oregon, and Nevada, where it grows in the mountains and forested plateau. The plant erects a spindly stem and bears sparse narrow leaves. The bowl-shaped flower has four lavender petals with reddish bases, each about one centimeter long. Clarkia lassenensis is pollinated by both native bees and butterflies and is usually in bloom in the late spring early summer months of May and June. The flower is a resident of Mount Lassen, from which it gets its name.
# Clifton House, King's Lynn

Clifton House is a Grade I listed building on Queen Street, King's Lynn, in Norfolk, England. A house has stood on the site since the 13th century. The current facade was constructed in 1708. The doorcase has Solomonic columns with modified Corinthian capitals. There is a mid 14th-century, four-bay undercroft beneath the street.
At the west end of the property is a late 16th-century look-out tower. It was built of brick and is of five storeys, with a six-storey polygonal staircase tower. On each floor is one room.
# Cleptometopus simillimus

Cleptometopus simillimus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was discovered and described by Stephan von Breuning, an Austrian entomologist, in 1947. No subspecies of the beetle are listed in the Catalogue of Life. The species is predominantly found in Eurasia. A specimen of the beetle is displayed in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., following its collection in Malaysia.
# Claude Saunier

Claude Saunier (26 February 1943 – 17 October 2022) was a French politician. He served as mayor of Saint-Brieuc and also sat in the French Senate. Saunier died on 17 October 2022, at the age of 79.
# Clerk of the Privy Council

Clerk of the Privy Council can refer to:
* Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)
* Clerk of the Privy Council (United Kingdom)
# Clepsis semanta

Clepsis semanta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Clepsis scaeodoxa

Clepsis scaeodoxa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
# Closest Thing to Heaven (album)

Closest Thing to Heaven is the tenth studio album by the Filipino rock band Rivermaya. It contains ten tracks and was released under Warner Music Philippines in 2009. This is the final album with Jayson Fernandez and Japs Sergio, who left the band in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Rivermaya released three singles from the album: "Dangal", "Ambotsa", and "Remenis".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Japs Sergio, except where noted

## Personnel

* Jayson Fernandez – lead vocals, guitar
* Japs Sergio – bass, backing vocals, lead vocals (track 10)
* Mike Elgar – guitar, backing vocals, keyboards
* Mark Escueta – drums, percussion, backing vocals, guitar, trumpet
Additional musicians:
* Amanda Ling – keyboards (track 2)
* Aldwin Perez – violin (track 9)
* Akemi Elgar – "I Know Right" and "Daddy, That's Enough" (track 7)
* Jolina Magdangal and Al – additional clappers (track 1)

## Album credits

* Executive producer: – Jim Baluyut
* Associate producer – Neil Gregorio
* Studio coordinator – Liz Lorenzo
* All songs arranged by Rivermaya
* All songs recorded at Tracks Studios
* Engineered by Angee Rozul
* Assistant engineers – Monty Macalino, Liz Lorenzo, Rivermaya
* All songs mixed by Angee Rozul & Rivermaya
* Produced by Rivermaya & Angee Rozul
* Mastered by Angee Rozul
# Closest point method

The closest point method (CPM) is an embedding method for solving partial differential equations on surfaces. The closest point method uses standard numerical approaches such as finite differences, finite element or spectral methods in order to solve the embedding partial differential equation (PDE) which is equal to the original PDE on the surface. The solution is computed in a band surrounding the surface in order to be computationally efficient. In order to extend the data off the surface, the closest point method uses a closest point representation. This representation extends function values to be constant along directions normal to the surface.

## Definitions

Closest Point function: Given a surface ${\mathcal {S}},cp(\mathbf {x} )$ refers to a (possibly non-unique) point belonging to ${\mathcal {S}}$, which is closest to $\mathbf {x}$ [SE].
Closest point extension: Let ${\mathcal {S}}$, be a smooth surface in $\mathbb {R} ^{d}$. The closest point extension of a function $u:{\mathcal {S}}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$, to a neighborhood $\Omega$ of ${\mathcal {S}}$, is the function $v:\Omega \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$, defined by $v(\mathbf {x} )=u(cp(\mathbf {x} ))$.

## Closest point method

Initialization consists of these steps [EW]:
* If it is not already given, a closest point representation of the surface is constructed.
* A computational domain is chosen. Typically this is a band around the surface.
* Replace surface gradients by standard gradients in $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$.
* Solution is initialized by extending the initial surface data on to the computational domain using the closest point function.
After initialization, alternate between the following two steps:
* Using the closest point function, extend the solution off the surface to the computational domain.
* Compute the solution to the embedding PDE on a Cartesian mesh in the computational domain for one time step.

## Banding

The surface PDE is extended into $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$ however it is only necessary to solve this new PDE near the surface. Hence, we solve the PDE in a band surrounding the surface for efficient computational purposes. $\Omega _{c}{x:\|x-cp(x)\|_{2}\leq \lambda }$ where $\lambda$ is the bandwidth.

## Example: Heat equation on a circle

Using initial profile $u_{S}(\theta ,t)=\sin(\theta )$ leads to the solution $u_{S}(\theta ,t)=\exp(-t)\sin(\theta )$ for the heat equation. Forward Euler time-stepping is used with relation $\Delta t=0.1\Delta x^{2}$ and degree-four interpolation polynomials for the interpolations. Second-order centered differences are used for the spatial discretization. The CPM results in the expected second order error in the solution $u$.

## Applications

The closest point method can be applied to various PDEs on surfaces. Reaction–diffusion problems on point clouds [RD], eigenvalue problems [EV], and level set equations [LS] are a few examples.
# Closest Thing to Heaven (Kane Gang song)

"Closest Thing to Heaven" is a song by English pop band the Kane Gang, released in 1984 as the second single from their debut studio album, The Bad and Lowdown World of the Kane Gang (1985).

## Track listing and formats

* UK 7-inch single
    A. "Closest Thing to Heaven" – 3:52
    B. "Mighty Day" – 3:42
* UK 12-inch single
    A. "Closest Thing to Heaven" – 5:02
    B1. "Mighty Day" – 3:44
    B2. "Bride of Smalltown Mudwrestles with Abbott & Costello in Outer Space" (3D Mad Mix 11 Creed) – 5:06

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Closest Thing to Heaven" :
| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 57 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 22 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 16 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 32 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 12 |