OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linchpins of Liberty v. United States

Linchpins of Liberty v. United States (1:13-cv-00777) is a case decided in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, in which the IRS agreed to a formal apology to all plaintiffs of the case. The IRS targeting groups based on a political viewpoint received widespread national attention.

## Background

In May 2013, the Associated Press and The New York Times reported that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) flagged groups for review of their applications for tax-exempt status, based on their names or policy positions, during the 2012 election. This included targeting conservative and liberal groups, and led to both political and public condemnation of the agency, and triggered multiple investigations. Jay Sekulow, who represented 16 Tea Party groups in the courts in this case, said that "This admission by the IRS represents a significant victory for free speech and freedom of association. There was never any doubt that these organizations complied with the law and applied for tax-exempt status for their activities as Americans have done for decades"
After an initial two-year investigation, the Justice Department announced in October 2015 that "We found no evidence that any IRS official acted based on political, discriminatory, corrupt, or other inappropriate motives that would support a criminal prosecution."
In October 2017, the Treasury Department's inspector general reported that the I.R.S. had targeted both liberal and conservative groups, flagging organization names with terms that included "Tea Party", "Patriot", "Progressive", and "Occupy."
As a result of final agreements and the issuance of a Consent Order, the IRS has formally acknowledged its wrongdoing and treatment of the plaintiffs in this case:
   The IRS admits that its treatment of Plaintiffs during the tax-exempt determinations process, including screening their applications based on their names or policy positions, subjecting those applications to heightened scrutiny and inordinate delays, and demanding of some Plaintiffs' information that TIGTA determined was unnecessary to the agency's determination of their tax-exempt status, was wrong. For such treatment, the IRS expresses its sincere apology.
# Linchester, Maryland

Linchester is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. The community's name is a portmanteau of Caroline County and that of neighboring Dorchester County.
# Liouville space

In the mathematical physics of quantum mechanics, Liouville space, also known as line space, is the space of operators on Hilbert space. Liouville space is itself a Hilbert space under the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product.
Abstractly, Liouville space is equivalent (isometrically isomorphic) to the tensor product of a Hilbert space with its dual. A common computational technique to organize computations in Liouville space is vectorization.
Liouville space underlies the density operator formalism and is a common computation technique in the study of open quantum systems.
# Gahama

Gahama is a village in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It is located southeast of Bururi and its western side is framed by a forest.
# Joseph Guild

Captain Joseph Guild represented Dedham, Massachusetts in the Great and General Court. He was also town clerk for a total of four years, having first been elected in 1773. Additionally, he served seven terms as selectman, with his first election in 1768.
On the morning of April 19, 1775, a messenger came "down the Needham road" with news about the battle in Lexington. Guild 'gagged a croaker' who said the news was false and in an hour" the "men of Dedham, even the old men, received their minister's blessing and went forth, in such numbers that scarce one male between sixteen and seventy was left at home." Aaron Guild, a captain in the British Army during the French and Indian War, was plowing his fields in South Dedham (today Norwood) when he heard of the battle. He immediately "left plough in furrow [and] oxen standing" to set forth for the conflict, arriving in time to fire upon the retreating British.
# Laraesima pilosa

Laraesima pilosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1980. It is known from Peru.
# 1986 Italian Open (tennis)

The 1986 Italian Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. The men's tournament was held from 12 May until 18 May 1986, while the women's tournament was not held this year. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Ivan Lendl defeated Emilio Sánchez 7–5, 4–6, 6–1, 6–1
* It was Lendl's 5th singles title of the year and the 58th of his career.

### Doubles

Guy Forget / Yannick Noah defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 7–6, 6–2
# Sophia Law

Sophia Law may refer to:
* Sophia Grieve, née Sophia Law, herbalist and horticulturist
* Sophia Law (daughter of Jude Law)
* Sophia Law School, at Sophia University
# A555 road

The A555 road is in Greater Manchester, England, along its southern border with Cheshire. It is officially known as the Manchester Airport Eastern Link and runs between Manchester Airport and the A6 south of Hazel Grove in the borough of Stockport.

## History

The earliest section of the A555 was completed in 1995, as part of an abandoned scheme to connect Stockport, Hazel Grove and Poynton to Manchester Airport. It was intended as a relief road to ease congestion. The original plan, which dated from the 1940s, was to build a bypass connecting Bredbury and Hazel Grove, and from Hazel Grove to Woodford, bypassing Poynton. The road would then run from Woodford to Handforth, as it does now, and then on to the airport. However, only the middle section, which crosses the A34 Handforth bypass (built at the same time) was completed, because of a shortage of funds.

## Central section

Until 2018, the route ran from the border of Woodford and Bramhall at a junction with the A5102, heading westward for approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) before it reaches the A34 Handforth bypass, which is accessed by a grade-separated junction. Close to this is Handforth Dean retail outlet, consisting of Tesco Extra and Marks & Spencer. The route ended at a double-headed roundabout with the B5358, on the border of Handforth and Heald Green, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) from the airport.

## Expansion

In November 2008, money was pledged by the then Transport Secretary Geoff Hoon to extend the route to Hazel Grove, and complete the link to the airport. However, following the change in government at the 2010 general election, the plans were placed on hold once more.
In November 2011, the government finally approved plans to complete the link, as part of a major programme of infrastructure investment. The A6 to Manchester Airport Relief Road, which completes the route between Hazel Grove and the airport using the A555, gained its final approval in March 2015 and was scheduled for completion and opening in spring 2018.
Persistent heavy rain from December 2017 to February 2018 and the collapse of construction firm Carillion delayed the opening date until later in the year. An activity day including a 5 km (3.1 mi) fun run took place on 7 October 2018 as a precursor to full opening and the bypass opened for general use on 15 October 2018, at 06:00. This section has been subject to persistent flooding and subsequent closures.
# A555

A555 may refer to the following roads:
* A555 road in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
* Bundesautobahn 555, between Cologne and Bonn, Germany
# A55 road (disambiguation)

The A55 road is in north Wales.
Other A55 roads include:
* A55 highway (Australia)
* A55 motorway (Canada)
* A55 motorway (France)
* Autostrada A55 (Italy)
* A55 road (Northern Ireland)
# Josef Větrovský

Josef Větrovský (1897 –1944) was a Czech photographer from Prague, a direct student of František Drtikol.
He died of a heart attack in 1944.

## Life and work

He photographed mainly portraits and nudes. In 1926, he took part in the exhibition of the Czech Photographic Society, which was supported by Josef Sudek, Jaromír Funke and Adolf Schneeberger. In the autumn of 1939, he organized his own retrospective, which was very valuable at the time. In the first half of the 1930s, he was a student of František Drtikol, and similar subjects, props, people and compositions appear in his photographs.
# N.I.C.S. Hockey Club

Northern Ireland Civil Service Hockey Club (NICS Hockey Club) plays its hockey in the grounds of the Stormont Estate in County Down, Northern Ireland. The grounds are also home to the local Government administration, The Northern Ireland Assembly. The grounds also include football and rugby pitches, an international standard cricket pitch, tennis facilities and outdoor bowls. The extended grounds have hosted a number of events over recent years, including rock concerts, international cricket matches and cross-country running. Everyone is welcome to join the hockey club, whether public servant or not. For the 2011/12 year, the club is fielding 6 senior men's teams & 3 ladies' teams, participating in the Ulster HockeyLeagues.
The Club also runs a Youth Section on Monday (girls) & Thursday (boys) evenings to help develop hockey skills for those not yet old enough to play Senior hockey.
The hockey club is affiliated to the Northern Ireland Civil Service Sports Association (NICSSA) who maintain the playing facilities.

## History

Northern Ireland Civil Service Ladies Hockey Club was formed in 1922 and the Men’s Hockey Club was formed a year later, in September 1923. The club celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1998, publishing a 120-page book detailing the club’s history.
During 2009, a major investment project commenced, with the development of two new pitches in time for the start of the 2010 season. The club now play on two state of the art hockey pitches, one water-based and the other sand-dressed.
2010 hailed a new era for the club, as the NICS Men and Ladies Hockey Clubs merged to form the NICS Hockey Club.
# Mříčná

Mříčná is a municipality and village in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
# NA-180 Kot Addu-II

NA-180 Kot Addu-II (این اے-180، کوٹ ادو-2) is a newly-created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly consists of Kot Addu Tehsil of Kot Addu District.

## Area

* Rung Pur
* Muradabad
* Sanawan
* Gujrat
* Mehmood Kot

## Election 2018

General elections were held on 25 July 2018.
General election 2018: NA-183 Muzaffargarh-III :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PPP | Raza Rabbani Khar | 54,960 | 26.86 |
| | Independent | Mian Fayyaz Hussain Chhajrra | 39,962 | 19.53 |
| | PTI | Malik Muhammad Rafeeq Khar | 36,439 | 17.81 |
| | TLP | Allah Bachaya | 35,174 | 17.19 |
| | Independent | Tariq Ahmad Gormani | 16,677 | 8.15 |
| | Independent | Zulfiqar Ali Dasti | 8,031 | 3.92 |
| | PML(N) | Muhammad Arif Khan Baloch | 3,067 | 1.50 |
| | Independent | Husnain Raza | 2,560 | 1.25 |
| | Independent | Imtiaz Hussain | 2,153 | 1.05 |
| | Independent | Sadam Hussain | 1,494 | 0.73 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Ali Raza Khar | 1,220 | 0.60 |
| | MMA | Arshad lqbal | 996 | 0.49 |
| | Independent | Amjad Noor Muhammad Khan | 901 | 0.44 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Saud | 476 | 0.23 |
| | Independent | Muhammad Zeeshan Gurmani | 370 | 0.18 |
| | Independent | Sajid Mehmood Ashraf | 147 | 0.07 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 212,319 | 63.32 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 204,627 | 96.38 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 7,692 | 3.62 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,998 | 7.33 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 335,326 | |

## Election 2024

General elections were held on 8 February 2024. Mian Fayyaz Hussain Chhajrra won the election with 96,275 votes.
General election 2024: NA-180 Kot Addu-II :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Mian Fayyaz Hussain Chhajrra | 96,275 | 48.42 | 30.61 |
| | PPP | Raza Rabbani Khar | 49,515 | 24.90 | 1.96 |
| | TLP | Allah Bachaya | 18,960 | 9.54 | 7.65 |
| | PML(N) | Abdul Khaliq Khar | 15,648 | 7.87 | 6.37 |
| | Others | Others (twenty-three candidates) | 18,420 | 9.26 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 205,646 | 51.93 | 11.39 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 198,818 | 96.68 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 6,828 | 3.32 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 46,760 | 23.52 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 396,000 | | |
# A.C. Arrentela

The Atlético Clube de Arrentela is a Portuguese football (soccer) club in the parish of Arrentela, municipality of Seixal, the district of Setúbal. The team currently plays in the first division of the district of Setúbal. The team plays in a complex stadium (Complexo DEsportivo de Arrentella) which opened in 2000 and holds up to 3,000 spectators.
The club was founded on October 4, 1926, under the name Arrentela Foot-Ball Club. Its current president is Carlos Matos. In 1943, the plan of Joaquim Barreto in a general assembly. The club changed its name to its current form, Atlético Clube de Arrentela. In 1948/49, it participated in the third division. In 1962/63, it entered the senior second division, the youth club won the tournament in the A.F. Setúbal in 1967/68, in the 1974/75 season, the juniors declared champions of the district second division. A year later, they were championships again in the third division. In 1979, the pro team won the cup of A.F. Setúbal. In the 1983/84 season, the team won the complementary tournament of the district

## Clubs

It also has other clubs including track and field, swimming, billiards, tennis, physical education (phys-ed), basketball, cycling, camp cycling, and football (soccer).

## Equipment brand

* Ekis

## Official brand

* Vulcanização Reis
# Joseph McGee

Joseph McGee could refer to:
* Joe McGee (American football) (1902–1958), football and basketball coach
* Joseph McGee (bishop) (1904–1983), Scottish Roman Catholic clergyman
* Joseph H. McGee Jr. (born 1929), American lawyer and politician
* Joe McGee (English footballer) (born 1993), midfielder for Buxton
* Joseph McGee (general), U.S. Army general
# Mühlenbarbeker Au

Mühlenbarbeker Au (German pronunciation: ) is a river of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It flows into the Stör near Mühlenbarbek.
# Mühlenbek

Mühlenbek is a river of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It flows into the Stör near Kellinghusen.
# Joseph Hondjuila Miokono

Joseph Hondjuila Miokono is a Congolese politician. He served briefly in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Trade during the 1990s and is the President of the Rally of Forces for Democracy (RFD), a political party.

## Life and career

Hondjuila Miokono, who belongs to the Teke ethnic group, was appointed as Director of the Congolese Sinking Fund (Caisse congolaise d'amortissement, CCA) in the mid-1980s; he remained in that post in the early 1990s.
In the June–July 1992 parliamentary election, Hondjuila Miokono was elected to the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville as a candidate in the Ngo constituency of Plateaux Region. He stood in the election as part of the National Alliance for Democracy (AND), a coalition that was dominated by Pascal Lissouba and Lissouba's party, the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS).
President Lissouba appointed Hondjuila Miokono as Minister of Trade, Consumption, and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on 2 September 1996, as part of the government of Prime Minister David Charles Ganao. When Lissouba was ousted by rebel forces loyal to Denis Sassou Nguesso in October 1997, Hondjuila Miokono went into exile in Cotonou, the commercial capital of Benin.
Hondjuila Miokono is the President of the RFD, a political party that opposes President Denis Sassou Nguesso. Considered a moderate opposition leader, he and his party participated in the April 2009 dialogue regarding preparations for the July 2009 presidential election, unlike radical opposition parties, which refused to participate. However, he and another moderate opposition leader complained in June 2009 that preparations for the election were being hobbled by delays and that the government and electoral commission were undermining the agreements reached in the dialogue, and they threatened to withdraw from the election in protest.
Hondjuila Miokono stood as a candidate in the 2009 election, placing fifth with 2.02% of the vote; Sassou Nguesso controversially won re-election with a large majority of the vote.
Hondjuila Miokono was one of four opposition party leaders who participated in the founding of the Social Democratic Alliance of Congo on 22 February 2014. Along with the RFD, the alliance also included UPADS, the main opposition party.
# NGC 491

NGC 491 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 161 million light-years away from Earth, in the constellation Sculptor. NGC 491 was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on September 25, 1834.
# Joseph Paul Barnabé Perrot

Joseph Paul Barnabé Perrot (18 January 1921 – 22 June 2005) was a French Roman Catholic bishop in Mali.
Barnabé Perrot was born in France and was ordained to the priesthood in 1949. He served as the ecclesiastical superior from 1962 to 1964 of the mission of San and then served as the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San, Mali from 1964 until 1987.
# NGC 1356

NGC 1356 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Horologium. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on Dec 23, 1837.
At a distance of 550 million light-years (170 Mpc) away from the Sun, NGC 1356 is superimposed over an much more distant galaxy (also a barred spiral), PGC 95415, which is approximately 300 million light-years (93 Mpc) more distant than NGC 1356. The small galaxy seen to the far left of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image, IC 1947, is actually closer to NGC 1356.
The apparent pairing between NGC 1356 and PGC 95415 caused them to be included in the AMC catalog of peculiar galaxies (AMC 0329-502). Their true separation was determined later. Apparent galaxy pairs such as this one were used as a baseline for comparison to truly interacting galaxy pairs in a 1994-1996 spectroscopic study by Donzelli and Pastoriza using the Complejo Astronomicomico El Leoncito (CASLEO), San Juan, Argentina.
# NOWAR-PAIX

NOWAR-PAIX is an anti-war and anti-racist organization based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The group's full name is "Network to Oppose War and Racism – Pacte contre l'Agression, l'Intolérance et la Xénophobie", which form the acronyms "no war" and "paix," which is French for "peace".
The group was formed in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent military actions of the United States of America and its allies. NOWAR-PAIX's website indicates that it opposes Canada's current military presence in Afghanistan, government attacks on civil liberties, and ongoing racist and xenophobic attacks across North America.

## History

NOWAR-PAIX emerged in 2002, during the buildup to the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq. Its website featured news updates on rallies and petitions during the war itself, and the Ottawa Citizen described it as one of the two main sites of the Canadian peace movement in this period.
In 2004, NOWAR-PAIX attracted attention for its role in organizing anti-war demonstrations at the Republican National Convention in New York City. Later in the same year, the group protested against an Ottawa visit by United States president George W. Bush. In March 2007, NOWAR-PAIX took part in a global protest against the continuing war in Iraq.
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) issued an internal report entitled The Creation of a New Peace Movement? in January 2005, hypothesizing that the emergence of NOWAR-PAIX and related groups marked a shift in Canadian protest culture from anti-capitalism to a new anti-war movement. Parts of this document were issued to the Canadian Press in March 2005, following an access to information request.
In 2007, NOWAR-PAIX argued that undercover police officers had been used as agents provocateurs to discredit protestors at the North American Leaders' Summit in Montebello, Quebec. NOWAR-PAIX leaders have called for their demonstrations to be peaceful and have condemned acts of violence by attendees.
# NHS Dumfries and Galloway

NHS Dumfries and Galloway is an NHS board serving the Dumfries and Galloway region. It is one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. NHS Dumfries and Galloway provides health care and promotes healthy living for the people of Dumfries and Galloway.

## History

The board was established following the dissolution of several NHS trusts which provided healthcare services in the Dumfries and Galloway area: Dumfries and Galloway Acute and Maternity Hospitals NHS Trust, Dumfries and Galloway Community Health NHS Trust and Dumfries and Galloway Primary Care NHS Trust, all of which were established in the 1990s and dissolved between 1999 and 2003.
In October 2021, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary was forced to suspend elective clinical procedures in order to be able to deal with the increased demand and staffing shortages which had been aggravated by COVID-19, but assured that urgent and cancer procedures would continue.

## Services

The population served is just 146,500, but within a large geographical area of about 2,400 square miles (6,200 km$^2$). Dumfries and Galloway stretches from Langholm in the East to Stranraer in the West, and from Kirkconnel and Carsphairn in the North down to the Solway Coast. There are a number of Community Hospitals throughout the region, and an intermediate unit (including maternity services and medical & surgical beds) in Stranraer.
The board has been building an electronic shared cared record using Graphnet software which is designed to integrate primary and secondary care data for its patients in real time using its software.
Its headquarters are at Mountainhall Treatment Centre (Formerly Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary), Dumfries.

## Hospitals

Within Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary • Midpark Hospital Outwith Dumfries Annan Hospital • Castle Douglas Hospital • Galloway Community Hospital, Stranraer • Kirkcudbright Hospital • Lochmaben Hospital • Moffat Hospital • Newton Stewart Hospital • Thomas Hope Hospital, Langholm • Thornhill Hospital

## Images

* The former Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, now Mountainhall Treatment Centre.
* Main Entrance Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary