OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolfo Sansolini

Adolfo Sansolini (born 15 November 1966) is an Italian animal welfare activist.

## Animal welfare activities

Sansolini began his animal welfare activities at age 11.
In 1980, he joined Italy's leading animal welfare non-governmental organization, LAV. He was active with the group for 25 years in various roles from local representative to National President.
Since 2006, Sansolini has represented international animal welfare organisations at the United Nations, FAO, the WTO, and works with governments around the world.
In 2012, he coordinated the collection of over one million signatures for the "8 hours" petition against the long-distance transport of animals sent for slaughter in the EU, and the adoption of a Written Declaration in its support by the European Parliament in 2013.
In 2016, working on behalf of Belgian organisation GAIA, Sansolini put the issue of force-feeding in foie gras production on the political agenda of EU institutions.
Sansolini authored the chapter “El bienestar animal y la comercialización” (“Animal Welfare and Trade”) in the textbook for Latin American Universities Bienestar Animal – Producción y calidad de la carne, (“Animal Welfare – Meat production and quality”).

## Political life

In 2016, he campaigned for Remain in the build-up to the Brexit referendum.
# Adolfo Saldías

Adolfo Saldías (Buenos Aires, 6 September 1849; La Paz, Bolivia 17 October 1914) was an Argentine historian, lawyer, politician, soldier and diplomat.
Saldías received his law degree in 1875 and published a thesis on the subject of Civil matrimony. he started to participate in politics through the popular Autonomist Party of Buenos Aires, led by Adolfo Alsina and confronting Bartolomé Mitre, along with Aristóbulo del Valle, Leandro Alem and Bernardo de Irigoyen with whom he would form the future Radical Civic Union party.
He took an active part on the Revolution of the Park and was one of the first to enter the Artillery Park, along with Leandro Alem, being arrested and exiled to Uruguay. A founding member of the Radical Civic Union in 1891, he was again part of an armed insurrection in the Revolution of 1893, being arrested, incarcerated in Ushuaia and again exiled to Uruguay. In 1898, he was named Minister of Public Works and in 1902, Vicegobernor of Buenos Aires Province, following Bernardo de Irigoyen.
He was an active freemason. José María Rosa and Fermín Chávez recognize in Saldías the precursor of the revisionist school of Argentine politics. He wrote works on the life of Juan Manuel de Rosas and the Argentine Confederation, which earned him intellectual prestige and good sales income, and the favor of being considered as part of the Buenos Aires intellectual elite. In 1881 he published the first version of what in 1888 would be his master work, the Historia de la Confederación Argentina. With ingenuity, he dedicated it to Mitre and sent it to him for consideration. Mitre responded harshly, condemning the work, his conclusions and the author. The press of the day ignored the book, limiting its publication. As author, he was practically condemned to a civil death, as it was not even commented upon in the press, not even to criticize it.
In 1912, he travelled to Bolivia as official envoy and ambassador, a post he maintained until his death.
Saldías station in Buenos Aires is named after him.

## Writings

* Ensayo sobre la historia de la Constitución Argentina, 1878
* Historia de Rosas later retitled Historia de la Confederación Argentina, 1881/1883
* Bianchietto, 1896
* La Evolución republicana durante la Revolución Argentina, 1906
* Papeles de Rozas, two volumes (1906–1907)
* La Idea del Simbolismo Masónico
* Los Números de línea del ejercito argentino, 1888
# Adolphe Noël des Vergers

Joseph-Marin-Adolphe Noël des Vergers (2 June 1805 – 2 January 1867) was a 19th-century French archaeologist, historian, etruscologist, orientalist and epigrapher.
He was the son of Marin Noël des Vergers, député of the Yonne department.

## Biography

While very young he was passionate about science and became the university assistant of the chemist Baron Louis Jacques Thénard. Also passionate about traveling he went to Italy, Greece, the Near East, where he learned Arabic and translated the book Une Vie de Mohamed by Abou'Iféda. At the request of Louis-Philippe's government, he went to Sicily to trace the history of Islamic occupation. Between 1850 and 1856, he began excavations on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea with the help of an Italian archaeologist Alessandro François, enabling him to discover the port of Populonia. In 1857, they discovered 19 untouched burial chambers near Vulci, known since under the name François Tomb whose frescoes evoke the warlike scenes taken from the Iliad by Homer which for the first time told the life of the Etruscans.
Little known in France despite a prize at his name created by the Institut de France, his History of the Etruscans is still very well known in Italy.
He is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery (67th division).

## Works

* 1837: Abulfeda : Vie de Mahomet, publication, traduction et commentaire, Paris, 1837
* 1839: Extrait d'une lettre écrite de Naples, par M. Noël Desvergers, à M. de Larenaudière in Nouvelles annales des voyages, de la géographie et de l'histoire ou Recueil des relations originales inédites, 21. Jg., January–March, (p. 197–204) Read on Gallica
* 1841: Abd-ar-Rahman Ibn-Muhammad Ibn-Haldun : Histoire de l'Afrique sous la dynastie des Aghlabites, et de la Sicile sous la domination musulmane, Paris,
* 1847: Histoire et description de l'Arabie (dans la collection L'univers pittoresque), Paris, Read on Gallica
* 1855: Études sur Horace,
* 1860: Notice sur Borghesi,
* 1860: Essai sur Marc-Aurèle d'après les monuments épigraphiques,
* 1864: L'Étrurie et les étrusques ou Dix ans de fouilles dans les Maremmes toscanes, Paris, volume 1, volume 2
# Adriano de Micheli

Adriano de Micheli (born 20 June 1975) is an Italian auto racing driver.

## Personal life

Adriano de Micheli was born 20 June 1975. After receiving his high school diploma he went on to study Economics at the University of Genova before dedicating himself full-time to the automobile world. In over 10 years he participated in more than 100 races, taking 27 pole positions, 44 podiums and 26 victories.

## Career

De Micheli competed in the Italian Super Touring Championship in 1999 with a Peugeot, winning the championship. He also participated in the Italian Super Production Championship between 2000 and 2004, winning the championship in 2004 in an Alfa Romeo 147.
He was class winner in the 24 hour race in Spa and Nurburgring and in 2005 he raced a Honda Accord for JAS Motorsport in the World Touring Car Championship., where he had two wins amongst the “Independents”.
In parallel to his racing career, in 1999 de Micheli began working as an instructor at the official Ferrari, Maserati and Alfa Romeo schools. He then continued to evolve in his teaching career representing the Ferrari and Maserati schools in various worldwide locations and directing various courses and receiving the “Best Instructor” award in 2006.
In 2012 he opened an Exotic car driving experience based within the Las Vegas Motor Speedway.

## Racing record
### Complete World Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
| 2005 | JAS Motorsport | Honda Accord Euro R | ITA 1 21 | ITA 2 14 | FRA 1 22 | FRA 2 21 | GBR 1 20 | GBR 2 15 | SMR 1 Ret | SMR 2 DNS | MEX 1 DNS | MEX 2 DNS | BEL 1 | BEL 2 | GER 1 15 | GER 2 18 | TUR 1 15 | TUR 2 16 | ESP 1 11 | ESP 2 19 | MAC 1 15 | MAC 2 Ret | NC | 0 |
# Adolf Eybel

Adolf Eybel (1808–1882) was a German painter of historical and genre subjects and of portraits. He was born in Berlin. He studied at the Berlin Academy, and under Professor Kolbe, as well as in Paris under Delaroche. One of his most noted pictures represents Richard Coeur-de-Lion with his Court listening to Blondel's Song. He died in Berlin in 1882. The following works by him may also be mentioned:
* A Gleaner.
* The Battle of Fehrbellin.
* Scene from Sir Walter Scott's Woodstock.
* Scene from Faust.
* A Wine Party.
# Adolf Ferdinand Wenceslaus Brix

Adolf Ferdinand Wenceslaus Brix (20 February 1798 – 14 February 1870) was a German mathematician and engineer. The unit for specific gravity of liquids, degree Brix (°Bx), is named after him.
Brix made a career as a civil servant in professions related to civil engineering, measurements and manufacture (1827 Bauconducteur, 1834 Fabriken-Commisionsrath, 1853 geheimer Regierungsrath) and retired in 1866 (when he was promoted to geheimer Oberregierungsrath). He was director of the Royal Prussian Commission for Measurements, member of a technical committee in the Ministry of Trade, and the technical building committee. He was also a teacher of applied mathematics at Gewerbeinstitut zu Berlin (1828–1850), as well as in higher analysis and applied mathematics at the Bauakademie, both of which are forerunners of Technische Universität Berlin.
He participated in many public works in Berlin and Potsdam.

## Selected publications

* Lehrbuch der Statik und Mechanik ("Textbook of statics and mechanics", 1831, 2nd edition 1849, supplement 1843)
* Über Festigkeit und Elasticität der Eisendrähte ("On the strength and elasticity of iron wires"), 1847
* Über den Widerstand der Fuhrwerke ("On the drag of wagons"), 1850
* Über Alkoholometrie ("On the measurement of alcohol"), 1850, 1851, 1856
# Adolf Fetsch

Adolf Fetsch (born 1940 in Ukraine) is a Ukrainian - German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.
He has been a Russian-German integration activist since 2003 and is chairman of the Federal Land team of Germans from Russia.
# Adolphus, Kentucky

Adolphus is an unincorporated community in southern Allen County, Kentucky, United States. The community is due south of Scottsville. The community is primarily a rural area on farmland.

## History

A post office called Adolphus has been in operation since 1888. The community has the name of Adolphus Alexander, a railroad attorney.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Adolphus has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
# African Communist

African Communist is the magazine of the South African Communist Party, published quarterly. The magazine was started by a group of Marxist-Leninists in 1959. It has its headquarters in Johannesburg.
# Aernoudt Jacobs

Aernoudt Jacobs (born 1968 in Wilrijk, Belgium) is a Belgian composer, sound artist, and trained architect. His sound artwork is a result of field recordings where sounds are gathered that are used in his compositions. Jacobs aims to create sounds which invoke memories, feelings and specific circumstances to remind the listener of certain moods.
# Aerostatics

A subfield of fluid statics, aerostatics is the study of gases that are not in motion with respect to the coordinate system in which they are considered. The corresponding study of gases in motion is called aerodynamics.
Aerostatics studies density allocation, especially in air. One of the applications of this is the barometric formula.
An aerostat is a lighter than air craft, such as an airship or balloon, which uses the principles of aerostatics to float.

## Basic laws

Treatment of the equations of gaseous behaviour at rest is generally taken, as in hydrostatics, to begin with a consideration of the general equations of momentum for fluid flow, which can be expressed as:
$\rho [{\partial U_{j} \over \partial t}+U_{i}{\partial U_{j} \over \partial t}]=-{\partial P \over \partial x_{j}}-{\partial \tau _{ij} \over \partial x_{i}}+\rho g_{j}$,
where $\rho$ is the mass density of the fluid, $U_{j}$ is the instantaneous velocity, $P$ is fluid pressure, $g$ are the external body forces acting on the fluid, and $\tau _{ij}$ is the momentum transport coefficient. As the fluid's static nature mandates that $U_{j}=0$, and that $\tau _{ij}=0$, the following set of partial differential equations representing the basic equations of aerostatics is found.$^{:154}$
${\partial P \over \partial x_{j}}=\rho g_{j}$
However, the presence of a non-constant density as is found in gaseous fluid systems (due to the compressibility of gases) requires the inclusion of the ideal gas law:
${P \over \rho }=RT$,
where $R$ denotes the universal gas constant, and $T$ the temperature of the gas, in order to render the valid aerostatic partial differential equations:
${\partial P \over \partial x_{j}}=\rho {\hat {g_{j}}}={P \over \ RT}{\hat {g_{j}}}$,
which can be employed to compute the pressure distribution in gases whose thermodynamic states are given by the equation of state for ideal gases.$^{:183}$

## Fields of study

* Atmospheric pressure fluctuation
* Composition of mountain air
* Cross-section of the atmosphere
* Gas density
* Gas diffusion in soil
* Gas pressure
* Kinetic theory of gases
* Partial pressures in gas mixtures
* Pressure measurement
# Aethes lygrana

Aethes lygrana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Israel.
# Afterlife (Joe Jackson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Afterlife is a 2004 live album by Joe Jackson. It contains recordings from performances on 27 August 2003 at The Fillmore in San Francisco, CA, at House of Blues on 28 August in Los Angeles CA and on 29 August in Anaheim CA, and ultimately, on 31 August 2003 in San Diego CA at 4th and B.
For these recording Jackson re-united with the musicians from his first successes: Graham Maby, Gary Sanford and Dave Houghton. As he made television appearances to promote the album, Jackson insisted that the quartet's reunion had been a one-off.
His recording of "Steppin' Out" was used in a television advertisement for Lincoln-Mercury automobiles.

## Track listing

All songs written and arranged by Joe Jackson, except where noted.

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Joe Jackson – keyboards, melodica, vocals
* Graham Maby – bass, vocals
* David Houghton – drums, vocals
* Gary Sanford – guitar, vocals

### Production

* Joe Jackson - arrangements, producer
* Julie Gardner - recording engineer, mixing engineer
* Ray Staff - mastering engineer
* Paul Smith - mixing engineer
* Frank Orlinsky - art direction
* Tom Sheehan - photography
# Affector

Affector may refer to:
* a neuron that directly activates a muscle
* a thematic relation similar to agent
# Agapanthia simplicicornis

Agapanthia simplicicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Reitter in 1898.
# Aghkilisa, Ararat

40°01′21″N 45°00′49″E﻿ / ﻿40.02250°N 45.01361°E﻿ / 40.02250; 45.01361
Aghkilisa (also, Aghk’ilisa, Akhkilisa, and Agkilisa) is a town in the Ararat Province of Armenia.
# Aghkilisa

Aghkilisa, Aghk’ilisa, Agkilisa, Akhkilisa, or Aghkilisa may refer to:
* Aghkilisa, Ararat, Armenia
* Azat, Armenia
* Chermakavan, Armenia
* Krashen, Armenia
* Ağkilsə, Azerbaijan
# Afterwards (play)

Afterwards is a 1933 mystery play by the British-American writer Walter C. Hackett revolving around a psychic medium.
It enjoyed a West End run of 208 performances at the Whitehall Theatre between 7 November 1933 and 12 June 1934. The original London cast included Gordon Harker, Henry Daniell, Ronald Shiner, Jeanne Stuart and Marion Lorne.

## Adaptation

It was adapted into the 1934 Hollywood film Their Big Moment directed by James Cruze and starring Zasu Pitts.
# Ahead/Replay

"Ahead/Replay" is the eighth double A-side single by Vamps, and the first single from album Bloodsuckers released on July 3, 2013. The single came with a DVD that includes the music videos for "Ahead" and "Replay". The single reached number 3 on the Oricon chart.
# Ahansal

Ahansal is a surname which originates from Zaouiat Ahansal. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lahcen Ahansal, Moroccan athlete
* Mohamad Ahansal (born 1973), Moroccan athlete
# Ahanta West Municipal District

Ahanta West Municipal District is one of the fourteen districts in Western Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Ahanta West District, which was created from the former Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan Authority Council, until it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018 to become Ahanta West Municipal District. The municipality is located in the southeast part of Western Region and has Agona Nkwanta as its capital town.
Geographically, it is the closest land region to Null Island (0°N 0°E﻿ / ﻿0°N 0°E﻿ / 0; 0).

## Sources

* "Districts of Ghana". Statoids.
* GhanaDistricts.com
# Agelasta unicolor

Agelasta unicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1962. It is known from the Philippines.
# Aimaro Satō

Aimaro Satō (佐藤 愛麿, April 22, 1857 – January 12, 1934), also known as Yoshimaro Satō and Henry Satoh, was the Japanese Ambassador to the United States from 1916 to 1918.

## Biography

He was born to a samurai family in Hirosaki, Japan 1857. He migrated to the United States and attended DePauw University, graduating in 1881. At DePauw he became a member of Beta Theta Pi. In 1896 he published an English-language work, Agitated Japan: The life of Ii Kamon-no-kami Naosuke, a biography of Ii Naosuke, under the name "Henry Satoh."
Upon graduating from DePauw, he returned to Japan and became a telegraph officer in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then served in Japan's diplomatic missions to the United States, Great Britain, and France before becoming ambassador to Mexico in 1900.
In 1905, Satō participated in the peace conference at Portsmouth, New Hampshire that ended the Russo-Japanese War. The following year, he was appointed Japanese Ambassador to the Netherlands. Satō later served as ambassador to Austria-Hungary during World War I, and barely escaped from the country alive after he was expelled following Japan's declaration of war on Germany (Austria-Hungary's ally).
Satō was then appointed Japanese Ambassador to the United States from 1916 to 1918, replacing his brother-in-law and fellow DePauw alumnus Chinda Sutemi. Satō was recalled from his post when he proved unable to secure a deal for the export of steel plates to Japan. He then retired from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and took up a post in the Imperial Household Ministry, serving as a privy councillor attached to the household of Prince Fushimi.
Satō died of arteriosclerosis on January 12, 1934, in Tokyo.
# Ain M'lila Airfield

Ain M'lila Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Algeria, located approximately 17 km north-northwest of Aïn Kercha in Oum el Bouaghi province, about 50 km south-southeast of Constantine. It was built by the Army Corps of Engineers on a flat, dry lakebed at an altitude of 2580 feet, designed for heavy bomber use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the North African Campaign with concrete runways, hardstands and taxiways. Billeting and support facilities consisted of tents. Due to its high altitude, the days were hot and the nights cold. Known units which operated from Ain M'lila were:
* 2d Bombardment Group, 17 June-31 July 1943, B-17 Flying Fortress
* 301st Bombardment Group, 17 January - 6 March 1943, B-17 Flying Fortress
* 321st Bombardment Group, 12 March-1 June 1943, B-25 Mitchell
The Americans pulled out in the summer of 1943, heading to their new bases around Foggia, Italy and Ain M'lila was abandoned. The engineers dismantled what they could and the airfield was reclaimed by the desert. Today only faint traces can be seen on aerial photography.
# Ain Mediouna

Ain Mediouna is a town in Taounate Province, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 16,410.
# Akina

Akina may refer to:
* Akina, a character in the 3D-CG Hong Kong donghua TV series Zentrix
* Mount Akina, name for Mount Haruna in the Initial D series of manga and anime
* Akina, New Zealand, suburb of Hastings City, in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island
* Akina Hiizumi, a character in the Japanese manga series Yozakura Quartet

## People

* Duane Akina (born 1956), defensive backs coach
* Joseph Apukai Akina (1856–1920), lawyer, politician and minister of the Kingdom of Hawaii
* Akina Pau (born 1974), fencer from Hong Kong, China
* Akina Shirt (born 1994), First Nations singer known for her performances in the Cree language
* Yunsi (1680–1726; also Akina), Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China

### Japan

* Akina (born 1999), member of the five-person Japanese girl group Faky
* Akina Minami (born 1989), Japanese gravure idol and tarento
* Akina Miyazato, member of the five-girl Japanese pop idol group Folder 5
* Akina Nakamori (born 1965), Japanese singer and actress
# Akuliaruseq, Kujalleq

Akuliaruseq is a Greenland village of 4 inhabitants (January 2005) and is part of the municipality of Kujalleq.
# Aksel Arstal

Aksel Kristian Andersen Arstal (25 August 1855 – 28 November 1940) was a Norwegian theologian, schoolteacher and geographer.
He was born in Christiania (Oslo) to city engineer Oluf Martin Andersen and Annette Fredrikke Sontum, and was a brother of pianist Hildur Andersen.
He graduated as cand.theol. in 1876 from University of Oslo, worked as schoolteacher at various private schools, eventually as geography teacher at the Oslo Commerce School, and lectured in political geography at the university. His works on geography include Landomrids (1886), Geografi for Middelskolen (1899) and Norges økonomiske Geografi (1902). He edited Forældre og Børn [no] (1902), a work on parents and children which had a large number of prominent contributors. Arstal edited the first edition of the encyclopedia Oslo byleksikon, which was published in 1938, a work which had taken several years to accomplish.
He died in November 1940.
# Ajay Sastry

Ajay Sastry (26 July 1974 – 2 August 2024) was an Indian film director and writer who directed his maiden film called Nenu Meeku Telusa (2008).

## Life and career

His journey started with a short film called "12" (Baarah) that was produced by KAD Movies and Rana Daggubati. In the past, he played the role of associate director and screenplay writer for movies such as Rakhi and Danger.
Ajay was also the lead singer of rock bands like "Alter Egoz" and "Jekyll and Hyde".
He shifted to being an ad and film-maker.
He directed his maiden film called Nenu Meeku Telusa starring Manchu Manoj, Sneha Ullal and Riya Sen. Though the film did not perform well, the film was noted for being different.
Sastry died on 2 August 2024, at the age of 50.

## Filmography

* Nenu Meeku Telusa? (2008)
# Al Bir

Al Bir (ar:البير) is a village in Saudi Arabia, and a village of Al-Mehmal area (Known nowadays as Thadig), which is one of the populous urban areas in Riyadh region. A Historical village, which is located in central region of Saudi Arabia 120 km (75 Miles) North of the capital city of Riyadh.
In urban view, Al Bir is one of the most old village in Al-Mehmal area. Furthermore, some historians believes that it was originally a source of ground water. In addition, some believes the village was part of Muslims pilgrims path to Holly city of Makah, especially pilgrims coming from the eastern part of Arabian Peninsula.
Al Bir was founded in 1015 Hijri ( around 1606 AD) when Al- Duwasir tribe ( precisely Al- Honaihen) moved to the area.
Al-Honaihen, namely; Mohammad and his brother Abdullah, took over Al Bir town from AlErinat, and they established their presence and their offspring.
Al bir enjoys a quiet peaceful green location, with mountains and hills surrounding it, as if protecting the town from the desert. its geographical location gathers rain water from the regions around it. after rain fall, the town blooms with greenery and flowers of different kinds.