OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dipole glass

A dipole glass is an analog of a glass where the dipoles are frozen below a given freezing temperature T$_f$ introducing randomness thus resulting in a lack of long-range ferroelectric order. A dipole glass is very similar to the concept of a spin glass where the atomic spins don't all align in the same direction (like in a ferromagnetic material) and thus result in a net-zero magnetization. The randomness of dipoles in a dipole glass creates local fields resulting in short-range order but no long-range order.
The dipole glass like state was first observed in Alkali halide crystal-type dielectrics containing dipole impurities. The dipole impurities in these materials result in off-center ions which results in anomalies in certain properties like specific heat, thermal conductivity as well as some spectroscopic properties. Other materials which show a dipolar glass phase include Rb$_{(1-x)}$(NH$_4$)$_x$H$_2$PO$_4$ (RADP) and Rb$_{(1-x)}$(ND$_4$)$_x$D$_2$PO$_4$ (DRADP). In materials like DRADP the dipole moment is introduced due to the deuteron O-D--O bond. Dipole glass like behavior is also observed in materials like ceramics, 3D water framework and perovskites.

## Random-bond-random-field Ising model (RBRF)

The model describing the pseudo-spins (dipole moments) is given by the Hamiltonian as:
${\mathcal {H}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{ij}{J_{ij}}{S_{i}}^{z}{S_{j}}^{z}-\sum _{i}{f_{i}}{S_{i}}^{z}-E\sum _{i}{S_{i}}^{z}$,
where ${S_{i}}^{z}$ is the Ising dipole moments. The ${J_{ij}}$ refers to the random bond interactions which are described by a gaussian probability distribution with mean ${J_{0}}$ and variance ${J^{2}/N}$. The second term provides a description of the interactions of the pseudo-spins in presence of random local fields where ${f_{i}}$ are represented by an independent gaussian distribution with zero mean and variance $\Delta$. The final term denotes the interaction in presence of an external electric field ${E}$.
The replica method is used to obtain the glass order parameter:
$q=\int Dz{\tanh }^{2}[J(q+{\frac {\Delta }{J^{2}}})^{1/2}{\frac {z}{T}}]$.
where $\int Dz$ is the gaussian measure and under the assumption that ${E}=0$ the free energy is given by:
$\beta {f}=-(\beta {J}/2)^{2}[(1-q_{1})^{2}-m(q_{1}^{2}-q_{0}^{2})]-m^{-1}\int Dz\ln \int DyZ^{m}(y,z)$.
where $\beta =1/T$ and $Z^{m}(y,z)=2\cosh[\beta {h(y,z)}]$ with $h(x,y)=J[(q_{1}-q_{0})^{1/2}y+(q_{0}+\Delta /J^{2})^{1/2}z]$.
The ${f_{i}}$ term is zero in case of magnetic spin glasses and with no presence of an external electric field this model reduces to the Edwards–Anderson model which is used to describe spin glasses. This model has been used to give quantitative description of DRADP type systems.
# Dipterocome

Dipterocome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
There is only one known species, Dipterocome pusilla, native to a large region extending from Greece and Israel to Kazakhstan.
# Diptychophora mitis

Diptychophora mitis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Assam, India.
# Dioscorea zingiberensis

Dioscorea zingiberensis, is a species of yam, a tuberous root vegetable. It has been cultivated in China for the production of diosgenin, an important pharmaceutical intermediate for the synthesis of steroid hormones. The rhizomes also produces steroidal saponins (TSS) as part of a treatment for cardiovascular disease.
# Dioscorea wallichii

Dioscorea wallichii is a type of climbing tuberous geophyte of the family Dioscoreaceae. It is native to Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. It has one edible cylindrical tuber that is about 1 meter long and 3-6 centimeters wide. The tuber is white when young, becoming yellow and stringy once aged.

## Uses

The tubers can be eaten after boiling and washing.
# Dipinacia

Dipinacia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Dipilto

Dipilto is a municipality in the Nueva Segovia Department of Nicaragua.
13°43′N 86°30′W﻿ / ﻿13.717°N 86.500°W﻿ / 13.717; -86.500
# Dirty bit

A dirty bit or modified bit is a bit that is associated with a block of computer memory and indicates whether the corresponding block of memory has been modified. The dirty bit is set when the processor writes to (modifies) this memory. The bit indicates that its associated block of memory has been modified and has not been saved to storage yet. When a block of memory is to be replaced, its corresponding dirty bit is checked to see if the block needs to be written back to secondary memory before being replaced or if it can simply be removed. Dirty bits are used by the CPU cache and in the page replacement algorithms of an operating system.
Dirty bits can also be used in Incremental computing by marking segments of data that need to be processed or have yet to be processed. This technique can be used with delayed computing to avoid unnecessary processing of objects or states that have not changed. When the model is updated (usually by multiple sources), only the segments that need to be reprocessed will be marked dirty. Afterwards, an algorithm will scan the model for dirty segments and process them, marking them as clean. This ensures the unchanged segments are not recalculated and saves processor time.

## Page replacement

When speaking about page replacement, each page may have a modify bit associated with it in the hardware. The dirty bit for a page is set by the hardware whenever any word or byte in the page is written into, indicating that the page has been modified. When a page is selected for replacement, the modify bit is examined. If the bit is set, the page has been modified since it was read in from the disk. In this case, the page must be written to the disk. If the dirty bit is not set, however, the page has not been modified since it was read into memory. Therefore, if the copy of the page on the disk has not been overwritten (by some other page, for example), then there is no need to write the memory page to the disk: it is already there.
# Dirty Work (Cox novel)

Dirty Work is a 1987 novel by New Zealand author Nigel Cox.
Cox's second novel (after his debut, Waiting for Einstein), Dirty Work is set in Wellington City, New Zealand, in the mid-1980s. The book revolves around the lives of staff and guests in the Happy World, a low-rent hotel, and the conflict between the hotel owner, Hendrick van Eesen ('Hendy'), and his newly hired shift manager, Gina Tully.
The novel won the Bucklands Memorial Literary Prize shortly after its release, and was also optioned for film.
In 2006, the book was re-published by Victoria University Press, based in Wellington.

## Trivia

* A manuscript written by one of the book's main characters, entitled "Tarzan of the Apes", has a plotline closely resembling that of Cox's fourth novel, Tarzan Presley, published in 2002.
# Distortion-limited operation

In telecommunications, distortion-limited operation is the condition prevailing when distortion of a received signal, rather than its attenuated amplitude (or power), limits performance under stated operational conditions and limits.
Note: Distortion-limited operation is reached when the system distorts the shape of the waveform beyond specified limits. For linear systems, distortion-limited operation is equivalent to bandwidth-limited operation.
# Legacy International Center

Legacy International Center is a biblical-themed hotel and religious center in San Diego's Mission Valley, California, US. It was built by American televangelist Morris Cerullo.
The 18-acre complex was built for $190 million and opened in February 2020. The center contains a 110-foot-long replica of the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem, and a 250-seat restaurant. It also contains a 4-D domed theater (motion seats, wind blasts, mist, smells) that initially showed two films, “Wings Over Israel” and “Walk Through the Bible”. It also contains Cerullo's religious relics, depictions of catacombs with replicas of biblical scenes, and a child/teen area.
The hotel contains 126 rooms, a 150-seat restaurant, and a conference facility.
The center also includes the offices for Morris Cerullo World Evangelism, a ballroom, and a 500-seat theater.
Morris Cerullo World Evangelism purchased the foreclosed Mission Valley Resort in 2011, and the center was approved for construction in 2017.
# District 9 (soundtrack)

District 9: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2009 film District 9. The album, produced by Clinton Shorter, was released by Madison Gate Records on August 18, 2009, four days after the film's release, and features 11 tracks. An expanded edition of the album was released on November 24, 2014, by Spacelab9, featuring eight additional tracks in double disc CD and vinyl LP record formats.

## Background

Shorter prepared for three weeks to score the film. He initially used a kamancheh in the soundtrack, but director Neill Blomkamp felt that it "was not dark and deep enough". Shorter used computer effects to make the kamancheh sound more synthetic. Blomkamp felt the orchestral score sounded too much like traditional film music, like that of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and liked Shorter's production. Some of the film was scored in full orchestra. Shorter further recalled:
   "One of the tricky things was, the film starts off as a documentary, and it took us a while to get the sound together, because I’m used to scoring sequences, and what he really wanted was more of a blanket type of score for the opening, the first act. He couldn’t really articulate it, he just wasn’t too sure, and I kept scoring and scoring and scoring … I was framing in too much, and he really wanted it to be more a documentary style where they just ride the fader up and down, then as the film gets more dramatic and cinematic, they introduce more traditional scoring styles."
Blomkamp wanted a "raw and dark" score, but one that maintained its South African roots. This was a challenge for Shorter, who found much of the South African music he worked with to be optimistic and joyful. Unable to get the African drums to sound dark and heavy, Shorter used a combination of taiko drums and synthesized instruments for the desired effects, with the core African elements of the score conveyed in the vocals and smaller percussion. The score also featured music and vocals from Kwaito artists.

## Reception

Music critic Jonathan Broxton reviewed the score positively, but noted that he "may have been a little more scathing" if it was written by a more esteemed composer. Thomas Glorieux of Main Titles was disappointed by the soundtrack because "several of the better tracks just didn't make it on the CDR edition that Sony published after the success of the film", but felt that the album consisted of "appropriate tension music and moody sound design".
Filmtracks.com compared the soundtrack positively to Hans Zimmer's work on Tears of the Sun and Batman Begins, calling it a "guilty pleasure".

## Credits

Credits adapted from CD liner notes.
# Dive bomb

Dive bomb, dive-bomb or divebomb may refer to:
* Dive bomb (guitar technique)
* Divebomb, a Transformers character
* Dive bomber, bomber aircraft that dives towards its target
* Cannonball (diving)
* Dive bomb (racing)
# Dixeia orbona

Dixeia orbona, the creamy small white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of open woodland and open montane forests, particularly forest-grassland mosaic.
The larvae feed on Capparis species.

## Subspecies

* Dixeia orbona orbona (Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, northern Ghana, northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon)
* Dixeia orbona vidua (Butler, 1900) (Sudan, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania)
# Directory System Agent

A Directory System Agent (DSA) is the element of an X.500 directory service that provides User Agents with access to a portion of the directory (usually the portion associated with a single Organizational Unit). X.500 is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T). The model and function of a directory system agent are specified in ITU-T Recommendation X.501.

## Active Directory

In Microsoft's Active Directory the DSA is a collection of servers and daemon processes that run on Windows Server systems that provide various means for clients to access the Active Directory data store.
Clients connect to an Active Directory DSA using various communications protocols:
* LDAP version 3.0—used by Windows 2000 and Windows XP clients
* LDAP version 2.0
* Security Account Manager (SAM) interface—used by Windows NT clients
* MAPI RPC interface—used by Microsoft Exchange Server and other MAPI clients
* A proprietary RPC interface—used by Active Directory DSAs to communicate with one another and replicate data amongst themselves
# Dissangis

Dissangis is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
# Ditrigona fasciata

Ditrigona fasciata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Sikkim, India.
# Ditrigona komarovi

Ditrigona komarovi is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Alekseya Ivanovitch Kurentzov in 1935. It is found in Ussuri in the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 20–21 mm.
# DoRo Productions

DoRo Produktion Ges.mbH a.k.a. DoRo Productions is a film company based in Vienna, Austria. DoRo was named after the surnames of founders Rudi Dolezal and Hannes Rossacher.

## History

Dolezal and Rossacher, also known as the "Torpedo Twins", first started producing television series for Austrian and German stations ORF, ARD and ZDF. They gained international acclaim and won several awards for their music videos for artists such as Queen, The Rolling Stones, David Bowie, Miles Davis, Michael Jackson, Bon Jovi, Whitney Houston, Bruce Springsteen, Falco and Frank Zappa, as well as several German and Austrian acts such as Trio, Marius Müller-Westernhagen, and Herbert Grönemeyer. Furthermore, DoRo produced numerous acclaimed documentaries, mostly on musicians, bands and similarly music-related topics.
DoRo Productions spawned numerous subsidiaries (German MTV competitor VIVA was partly founded and conceived by DoRo). However, in late 2002 the economic downturn in the music business in general and the music video business in particular resulted in the closure of most of these companies, including the company base in Vienna.
In 2003, the Munich subsidiary, DoRo Media AG, bought back from creditors, formed the basis for a restart of DoRo, in which Queen manager Jim Beach played a notable role. In the meantime, DoRo have reopened a branch office in Vienna.
DoRo continues to produce concert films and music-related documentaries, but has ceased production of music videos. Hannes Rossacher has been quoted as saying: "The video clip business is done – both artistically and commercially. I just don't feel like doing a production promoting "DJ Nerd featuring Miss Talentless"."

## Notable music videos

Queen music videos:
* One Vision (1985)
* Friends Will Be Friends (1986)
* Breakthru (1989)
* The Invisible Man (1989)
* Scandal (1989)
* The Miracle (1989)
* Innuendo (1991)
* I'm Going Slightly Mad (1991)
* Headlong (1991)
* The Show Must Go On (1991)
* These Are the Days of Our Lives (1991)
* A Winter's Tale (1995)
* Too Much Love Will Kill You (1995)
* No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young) (1997)
Other notable music videos by DoRo:
* The Rolling Stones - Time is on My Side (Version 2)
* Lou Bega - Mambo #5
* David Bowie - Seven Years in Tibet
* Rammstein - Sonne
* Falco - Rock Me Amadeus, Jeanny, Out Of The Dark, Body Next to Body
* Spiller - Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)
* The Cross - Power To Love
* Scorpions - Acoustica
* Modern Talking - Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love), Jet Airliner

## Music documentaries

* Queen: The Magic Years Volumes 1, 2 and 3
* Freddie Mercury: The Untold Story
* Get Up, Stand Up
* Whitney Houston: Close Up
# Lane Township

Lane Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Lane Township, Warrick County, Indiana
* Lane Township, Greenwood County, Kansas
# 2013 in Finland

The following lists events that happened in 2013 in Finland.

## Incumbents

* President – Sauli Niinistö
* Prime Minister – Jyrki Katainen
* Speaker – Eero Heinäluoma

## Events

* 30 January – the Jyväskylä library stabbing
* 15-18 November – the 2013 Nordic storms hit Finland

## Deaths

* 29 January – Anselm Hollo, poet and translator (b. 1934)
* 8 March – Kai Pahlman, footballer (b. 1935)
* 9 March – Max Jakobson, diplomat and journalist (b. 1923)
* 14 March – Mirja Hietamies, cross country skier (b. 1931).
* 26 June – Henrik Otto Donner, composer, musician and music personality (b. 1939)
* 13 October – Antti Tyrväinen, biathlete (b. 1933).
* 7 December – Eero Kolehmainen, cross country skier (b. 1918).
* 29 December – Eero Mäntyranta, cross country skier and Olympic winner (b. 1937).
# Live at the Keystone Corner

Live at the Keystone Corner is a live album by pianist Tete Montoliu recorded at Keystone Korner in 1979 and released on the Dutch label, Timeless.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

* "Autumn in New York/Scrapple from the Apple" (Vernon Duke/Charlie Parker) – 10:23
* "I'll Remember April" (Gene de Paul, Patricia Johnston, Don Raye) – 12:44
* "You've Changed" (Carl T. Fischer, Bill Carey) – 11:12
* "Lady Bird" (Tadd Dameron) – 8:49

## Personnel

* Tete Montoliu – piano
* Herbie Lewis – bass
* Billy Higgins – drums
# Daniel T. Jones

Daniel T. Jones may refer to:
* Daniel T. Jones (author), English author and researcher
* Daniel T. Jones (politician) (1800–1861), U.S. Representative from New York
# Al Luqiyah

Al Luqiyah is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia.
# Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra

Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra may refer to:
* Concerto for String Quartet and Chamber Orchestra (Hosseini)
* Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schoenberg)
* Concerto for String Quartet and Wind Orchestra (Schulhoff)
* Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schuller)
# Aurelio Lucchini

Aurelio Lucchini (died 1989) was a Uruguayan architect and architectural historian.
From March 1983 till his death he was a member of the Academia Nacional de Letras del Uruguay.

## Selected works

* Cronología comparada de la historia del Uruguay 1830-1945, with Blanca París de Oddone, Carlos Real de Azúa, Otilia Muras, Arturo Ardao, Washington Buño, Lauro Ayestarán, and Susana Salgado; Montevideo, 1966.
* Ideas y formas en la arquitectura nacional. Colección Nuestra Tierra, Vol. 6, Montevideo, 1969.
* Julio Vilamajó. Su arquitectura, with the collaboration of Mariano Arana; FArq, IHA, Montevideo, 1970.
* El Concepto de Arquitectura y su traducción a formas en el territorio que hoy pertenece a Uruguay. Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 1986.
# Gah Maro Peuhl

Gah Maro Peuhl is a town in the Nikki arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Nikki. According to the population census in 2013, the village had a total population of 897.
9°56′8″N 3°12′20.7″E﻿ / ﻿9.93556°N 3.205750°E﻿ / 9.93556; 3.205750
# Institut des nanotechnologies de Lyon

Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) or the Lyon Institute of Nanotechnology is a fundamental and applied research laboratory in the field of micro- and nano-technology based in Lyon, France. Its mission is to conduct research towards the development of full-fledged technologies for a broad range of application sectors (semiconductors and micro-electronics, telecommunication, energy, health, biology, industrial control, defence, environment).
The research programs draw on the resources of the Lyon-based Nanolyon technology platform.
A transversal research operation is specifically dedicated to the development of Nanocharacterization tools and techniques.
The laboratory is situated on the campuses of Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon 1 and CPE. It comprises 120 permanent staff and approximately 95 non-permanent staff. The annual budget excluding salaries is about 3M€.
The management team is made up of Guy Hollinger (director), G. Guillot (vice-director for the INSA site), P. Morin (vice-director for the UL1 site) and Ian O'Connor (vice-director for the ECL site).
Under the auspices of the CNRS, INL is actively seeking excellent quality "CR2"- and "CR1"-level candidates to contribute or lead scientific and technological research in the following high-priority fields:
* Integration of new electronic and photonic functions on Silicon (material, devices and systems issues).
* Sensors, Microsystems and Sensor networks for health
* 3rd generation Photovoltaics
* Bottom up nanotechnologies and nanobiotechnologies.
# Massello

Massello is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km west of Turin, in the Valle Germanasca.
Massello borders the following municipalities: Pragelato, Roure, Fenestrelle, Perrero, and Salza di Pinerolo.