OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inductionism

Inductionism is the scientific philosophy where laws are "induced" from sets of data. As an example, one might measure the strength of electrical forces at varying distances from charges and induce the inverse square law of electrostatics. This concept is considered one of the two pillars of the old view of the philosophy of science, together with verifiability. An application of inductionism can show how experimental evidence can confirm or inductively justify the belief in generalization and the laws of nature.

## Origin and development

Some aspects of induction has been credited to Aristotle. For example, in Prior Analytics, he proposed an inductive syllogism, which served to establish the primary and immediate proposition. For scholars, this constitutes the principle of demonstrative science. The Greek philosopher, however, did not develop a detailed theory of induction. Some sources even state that the Aristotelian conceptualization of induction is different from its modern mainstream interpretations due to its position that inductive arguments are deductively valid.
The early form of modern inductionism is associated with the philosophies of thinkers such as Francis Bacon. This can be demonstrated in the way Bacon favored the steady and incremental collection of empirical evidence using a method that derives general principles from the senses and particulars, gradually leading to the most general principles.
Inductionism is also said to be based on Newtonian physics. This is evident in Isaac Newton's Rule of Reasoning in Philosophy, which articulated his belief that it is imperative to cover the unobservably small features of the world through a methodology that has a strong empirical base. Here, the speculative hypothesis was replaced by induction from premises obtained through observation and experiment.

## Opposing views

It is noted that no law of science can be considered mere inductive generalization of facts because each law does not exist in isolation. This is for, instance, demonstrated by thinkers such as John Stuart Mill, who maintained that inductionism is the initial act in the formulation of a general law using the deductive approaches to science. There are thinkers who propose a model that is considered anti-inductionism. These include Karl Popper, who argued that science could progress without making any use of induction and that there is a fundamental asymmetry between induction and deduction.
# Indie Hoy

Indie Hoy is an Argentine online publication launched in 2008 and based in Buenos Aires. It publishes daily reviews, news and interviews that mainly focuses on music, also including other forms of popular culture.

## History

Indie Hoy was launched in 2008 and is based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The site has been considered a "benchmark of the Argentine independent scene". In October 2018—in celebration of the ten years since its launch—Indie Hoy organized a music festival at Fundación Konex's venue Ciudad Cultural Konex, with a line-up made up of Louta, Peces Raros, Gativideo, Marina Fages, El Príncipe Idiota, and Tani and Lucia Tachetti.
In 2019, Indie Hoy was a member of the Epica Awards jury.
Since September 2020, Indie Hoy has been part of Faro, an "alliance of Ibero-American musical and cultural media", along with other publications such as Mondosonoro and Zona de Obras [es].
In 2021, Indie Hoy was nominated for the "Best Graphic Media" award (Spanish: "Mejor medio gráfico") in the first installment of the Latin Plug Awards [es].
# Maryland Legislative District 44

Maryland House of Delegates District 44 is one of 47 legislative districts in the state of Maryland and is one of the 5 located entirely within Baltimore City and part of Baltimore County.
Voters in this district selected three Delegates every four years to represent them in the Maryland House of Delegates. After the 2010 Census, the district was divided into two sub-districts for the Maryland House of Delegates: District 44A and District 44B.

## Demographic characteristics

As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 114,562, of whom 89,485 (78.1%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 25,346 (22.1%) White, 71,041 (62.0%) African American, 373 (0.3%) Native American, 8,094 (7.1%) Asian, 33 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 3,896 (3.4%) from some other race, and 5,778 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,422 (5.6%) of the population.
The district had 79,901 registered voters as of October 17, 2020, of whom 10,992 (13.8%) were registered as unaffiliated, 7,840 (9.8%) were registered as Republicans, 59,900 (75.0%) were registered as Democrats, and 757 (0.9%) were registered to other parties.

## Political representation

The district is represented for the 2023–2027 legislative term in the State Senate by Charles E. Sydnor III (D) and in the House of Delegates by Eric Ebersole (D, District 44A), Sheila S. Ruth (D, District 44B) and Aletheia McCaskill (D, District 44B).

## Election results
### Democratic primary election results, 2010

2010 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 44th District Voters to choose three: (only the top 6 finishers are shown) :
| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| Keith E. Haynes | 4859 | 25.9% | Won |
| Keiffer J. Mitchell, Jr. | 4481 | 13.9% | Won |
| Melvin L. Stukes | 3321 | 17.7% | Won |
| Ruth M. Kirk | 2860 | 15.2% | Lost |
| Chris Blake | 973 | 5.1% | Lost |
| Gary T. English | 907 | 4.8% | Lost |
# 2012 GP Ouest-France

The 2012 GP Ouest-France was the 76th edition of the GP Ouest-France, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 26 August 2012, over a distance of 243 km (151.0 mi), starting and finishing in Plouay, France. It was the twenty-fourth race of the 2012 UCI World Tour season.
The race was won by Team Sky's Edvald Boasson Hagen, after breaking away from the peloton to catch solo leader Rui Costa of the Movistar Team, and accelerated away from him to beat the field by five seconds in Plouay. Costa managed to hold off the rest of the field for second place, while the bunch sprint for third place was taken by Garmin–Sharp's Heinrich Haussler.

## Teams

As the GP Ouest-France was a UCI World Tour event, all 18 UCI ProTeams were invited automatically and obligated to send a squad. Five other squads were given wildcard places into the race, and as such, formed the event's 23-team peloton.
The 23 teams that competed in the race were:
* Ag2r–La Mondiale
* Argos–Shimano
* Astana
* BMC Racing Team
* Bretagne–Schuller
* Cofidis
* Team Europcar
* Euskaltel–Euskadi
* FDJ–BigMat
* Garmin–Sharp
* Team Katusha
* Lampre–ISD
* Liquigas–Cannondale
* Lotto–Belisol
* Movistar Team
* Omega Pharma–Quick-Step
* Orica–GreenEDGE
* Rabobank
* RadioShack–Nissan
* Saur–Sojasun
* Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank
* Team Sky
* Vacansoleil–DCM

## Results

| | Cyclist | Team | Time | UCI World Tour Points |
| 1 | Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR) | Team Sky | 5h 55' 28" | 80 |
| 2 | Rui Costa (POR) | Movistar Team | + 5" | 60 |
| 3 | Heinrich Haussler (AUS) | Garmin–Sharp | + 5" | 50 |
| 4 | Matthew Goss (AUS) | Orica–GreenEDGE | + 5" | 40 |
| 5 | Jürgen Roelandts (BEL) | Lotto–Belisol | + 5" | 30 |
| 6 | Marco Marcato (ITA) | Vacansoleil–DCM | + 5" | 22 |
| 7 | Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) | RadioShack–Nissan | + 5" | 14 |
| 8 | Borut Božič (SLO) | Astana | + 5" | 10 |
| 9 | Samuel Dumoulin (FRA) | Cofidis | + 5" | – |
| 10 | Luca Paolini (ITA) | Team Katusha | + 5" | 2 |
# 2014 Furman Paladins football team

The 2014 Furman Paladins team represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Bruce Fowler, the Paladins compiled an overall record of 3–9 with a mark of 2–5 in conference play, placing sixth in the SoCon. The team played home games at Paladin Stadium in Greenville, South Carolina.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 7:00 pm | Gardner–Webb* | No. 21 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | SDN | W 13–3 | 7,533 |
| September 6 | 6:00 pm | at Mercer | No. 19 | Moye ComplexMacon, GA | ESPN3 | W 25–20 | 12,227 |
| September 13 | 7:00 pm | at Presbyterian* | No. 12 | Bailey Memorial StadiumClinton, SC | WMYA | L 7–10 | 2,321 |
| September 20 | 6:00 pm | at South Carolina State* | No. 21 | Oliver C. Dawson StadiumOrangeburg, SC | | L 7–17 | 9,613 |
| September 27 | 3:30 pm | Western Carolina | | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | ASN | L 17–35 | 9,789 |
| October 4 | 7:00 pm | No. 3 Coastal Carolina* | | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | WMYA | L 31–37 $^{OT}$ | 7,347 |
| October 18 | 12:00 pm | at South Carolina* | | Williams-Brice StadiumColumbia, SC | SECN | L 10–41 | 78,101 |
| October 25 | 1:30 pm | Samford | | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | ESPN3 | L 0–45 | 8,047 |
| November 1 | 1:30 pm | at VMI | | Alumni Memorial FieldLexington, VA | ESPN3 | L 15–31 | 3,624 |
| November 8 | 2:00 pm | at The Citadel | | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC (rivalry) | SDN | L 35–42 $^{OT}$ | 11,488 |
| November 15 | 12:00 pm | Wofford | | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC (rivalry) | ESPN3 | W 31–14 | 6,282 |
| November 22 | 3:30 pm | No. 9 Chattanooga | | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | ASN | L 19–45 | 4,377 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||

## Ranking movements

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked RV = Received votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | Final |
| Sports Network | 21 | 19 | 12 | 21 | RV | RV | RV | RV | RV | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Coaches | 18 | 17 | 12 | 21 | RV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
# Inferior rectal veins

The lower part of the external hemorrhoidal plexus is drained by the inferior rectal veins (or inferior hemorrhoidal veins) into the internal pudendal vein.
Veins superior to the middle rectal vein in the colon and rectum drain via the portal system to the liver. Veins inferior, and including, the middle rectal vein drain into systemic circulation and are returned to the heart, bypassing the liver.
Pathologies involving the Inferior rectal veins may cause lower GI bleeding. Depending on the degree of inflammation, they are given a grade level ranging from 1 through 4.

## Additional images

* The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected.
# Mary Anne Bryant

Mary Anne Bryant Mayo (May 24, 1845 – 1903) was an American farm organizer for the Patrons of Husbandry (called the Grange). She is known for her work as part of the American Granger movement to better farm communities.

## Early life and career

Mary Anne Bryant Mayo was born in May 24, 1845, in Convis Township, Michigan in Battle Creek, Michigan. In 1865, she married Perry Mayo, who shared her passion for organizations that work to better the community and the individual. Both were elected to positions in the county organization in the early 1870s after becoming involved in the Patrons of Husbandry (also known as the Grange) and the creation of Farmers' Institutes. Mary Mayo in particular developed into a very active and successful Grange organizer where she held positions as the head of the woman's labor committee, and the state Grange chaplain starting in 1891.
In her position, she founded the "Fresh Air" program, which involved bringing urban impoverished children to stay in Granger houses for weekends in the country. Over time, she organized the gathering of women here and she delivered lectures on courses in line with the Farmers' Institute framework. After more than 10 years of struggle, she secured the establishment of a women's department (1897) in its own building (1900) at Michigan State Agricultural College (now Michigan State University). A women's dormitory was named after her in 1931.
In 1989, she was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
# Laetiporus ailaoshanensis

Laetiporus ailaoshanensis is a species of polypore fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. It is found in southwestern China, where it grows on Lithocarpus. The species was described as new to science in 2014 by Baokai Cui and Jie Song. Its fruit body has an orange-yellow to reddish-orange cap surface, with cream to buff pores on the cap underside. The fungus produces ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores that measure 5.0–6.2 by 4.0–5.0 μm. Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences indicate that L. ailaoshanensis is a unique lineage in the genus Laetiporus.
# Maternity den

In the animal kingdom, a maternity den is a lair where a mother gives birth and nurtures her young when they are in a vulnerable life stage. While dens are typically subterranean, they may also be snow caves or simply beneath rock ledges. Characteristically there is an entrance, and optionally an exit corridor, in addition to a principal chamber.

## Examples
### Polar bear

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) creates a maternity den either in an earthen subterranean or in a snow cave. On the Hudson Bay Plain in Manitoba, Canada, many of these subterranean dens are situated in the Wapusk National Park, from which bears migrate to the Hudson Bay when the ice pack forms. The maternity den is the bear's shelter for most of the winter.
   When all the other polar bears are heading off to the openness of the ocean, the pregnant female polar bears begin looking for a maternity den. This maternity den is usually in a snow bank, or along an ice patch of ocean shore. It is here that the female polar bear will go into a hibernation type state. Female polar bears dig their own maternity den. It is important the the [sic] female polar bears have fed enough in the spring and summer before fall, because of the scarcity of food on land when winter comes. While in the maternity den, the mother polar bear will not eat, drink or defecate. The female polar bear will stay in the maternity den and give birth to her cubs.

### Wild dogs

Pack members may guard the maternity den used by the alpha female; such is the case with the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus.

### Brown hyena

The brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) makes use of maternity dens as a means of nurturing and protecting their cubs. These dens are located in coastal or inland regions, most of them being caverns with narrow entrances. The brown hyena also collects bones and stores them within or around the entrance of these dens.

### Red fox

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) also creates maternity dens. After mating, foxes make a maternity den for raising their offspring. Most often, the mother and father will find and enlarge an old woodchuck burrow. Sometimes, a hollow log, streambank, rock pile, cave, or dense shrub will play the role as a den. The den is usually chosen at a place where there is raised ground so the red foxes can see all around. The main entrance will be approximately three feet wide, and the den will have one or two escape holes. The den is lined with grass and dry leaves.
# Hearts Aflame (novel)

Hearts Aflame is novel by Johanna Lindsey, originally published in June 1987 by Avon Books. It is the second book in the Haardrad Family Saga Series and Lindsey's fourteenth novel. The book reached number three in the New York Times Best Seller list for paperbacks. It has been translated into German, French, Russian, Chinese, Spanish and Greek.
Kristen Haardrad was looking for one last adventure with her brother Selig. However, nothing prepared her for the fact that they are going Viking. As soon as they landed, they were attacked then captured. Saddened by the death of her brother, Kristen disguised as a boy to avoid rape. However, when Lord Royce entered the scene. It was love at first sight, or at least for her. She could not help the mixed feelings that she had for him. She longed to escape this land of strangers, yet her feelings for Royce held her back from her freedom. Lord Royce of Wyndhurst was attracted to the Viking beauty. However, his memories of the past held him back from his attractions toward her. However, her family is not ready to lose her to this Saxon man, they will fight for her freedom. Will Royce lose his head and his heartmate in this battle against a family of strong Vikings that are out for blood?
The clinch cover illustration by Elaine Duillo was model Fabio's first big break.
# Daisy Hurst Floyd

Daisy Hurst Floyd (born July 9, 1956) is an American lawyer, law professor, and law school dean. She served as dean of the Walter F. George School of Law of Mercer University twice (2004-2010 and 2014-2017).

## Early life and education

Floyd attended Randolph-Macon Woman's College from 1973-75. She then earned a bachelor's degree, summa cum laude, and a master's degree in political science, both from Emory University in 1977. Floyd earned her J.D. degree from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1980.

## Early career

Early in her career, Floyd worked as the director of the legal research and writing program at the University of Georgia School of Law. She also worked as an attorney for the global law firm of Alston, Miller & Gaines, now known as Alston & Bird.

## Academic career

Floyd served as a professor at the Texas Tech University School of Law from 1990-04. She then served as dean of the Walter F. George School of Law of Mercer University from 2004–10; she was reappointed as dean in 2014 when her successor accepted another position with the university. Floyd served as a senior professor at Mercer following her first term as dean including as University Professor of Law and Ethical Formation, and agreed to again serve as dean until a replacement was selected.

## Possible judicial nomination

On February 28, 2011, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported Floyd was under consideration for nomination to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; the court had a vacancy due to the retirement of Judge Stanley F. Birch Jr. Floyd was not nominated and maintained her position as a law professor at Mercer.

## Personal

Floyd's husband, Tim Floyd, is also a law professor at Mercer. They have two children.
# Al Hasamah

Al Hasamah is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia.
# Conchita Núñez

María de la Concepción Núñez Garrido (1943 – 26 June 2009) was a Spanish actress.

## Biography

Conchita Núñez began her career on the radio in the 1950s, and in the early 1960s she switched to acting. She participated in variety shows, including Señorío del cante with El Príncipe Gitano and Pepe da Rosa [es] (1964). She demonstrated her talent for singing in plays such as Eloísa está debajo de un almendro [es] by Enrique Jardiel Poncela (1963), Relatively Speaking by Alan Ayckbourn (1968), La sopera [es] by Robert Lamoreux (1972), and several works by Alfonso Paso: Educando a un idiota (1965), Una monja (1968), Nerón-Paso [es] (1969), El armario [es] (1969), and Tú me acostumbraste [es] (1970).
She made a dozen films, including Valiente by Luis Marquina (1964), Proceso a la conciencia by Agustín Navarro (1964), and Las cicatrices by Pedro Lazaga (1967).
Despite this body of work, the Spanish public recognizes her less for her face than for her voice. She worked in dubbing in the 1960s, and began to do so exclusively in 1973, devoting more than 40 years (until a few months before her death) to this facet of film and television performance. She voiced famous cartoon characters like Pedro the goatherd in Heidi, Girl of the Alps (1974), Concetta in Marco, de los Apeninos a los Andes [es] (1976), Pedrito in Once Upon a Time... Man (1978), Kira in Once Upon a Time... Space (1982), and Tom Sawyer in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1980). She also dubbed, among hundreds of others, the actresses Carole André (Mariana) on Sandokan (1976), Linda Evans (Krystle Carrington) on Dynasty (1982), Victoria Principal (Pamela Ewing) on Dallas (1989), and Joanna Cassidy (Margaret Chenowith) on Six Feet Under (2004).
She died on 26 June 2009 from a long illness.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1962 | Bahía de Palma | | |
| 1963 | Los Guerrilleros | Amiga de Teresa | |
| 1963 | La pandilla de los once | | |
| 1964 | Valiente | María Consuelo Alcalá | |
| 1964 | Proceso a la conciencia | | |
| 1965 | Hands of a Gunfighter | Margaret Dixon | |
| 1966 | Jugando a morir | Lena | |
| 1967 | Las cicatrices | Reyes Benjumea | |
| 1967 | Aventura en el laboratorio | Clara | |
| 1969 | Educando a una idiota | Lola Vargas | |
| 1970 | Los extremeños se tocan | Marquesa de Fuenterría | |
| 1972 | La fille de Dracula | Margot | Uncredited |
# Edward Johnson-Ferguson

Sir Jabez Edward Johnson-Ferguson, 1st Baronet (27 November 1849 – 10 December 1929) was an English businessman and Liberal politician.
Johnson-Ferguson was born Jabez Edward Johnson at Salford, Lancashire. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He was a merchant of Lancashire living at Kenyon Hall, Culcheth near Warrington (Currently owned and used as Leigh Golf Club) and chairman of his company, which had several names including Messrs Jabez Johnson & Co and Jabez Johnson, Hodgkinson and Pearson, Ltd. He was also a director of Williams, Deacon & Manchester and Salford Bank Ltd. In 1881 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Ferguson in 1881.
Johnson-Ferguson was elected as Member of Parliament for Loughborough in 1885. He was a radical Liberal. He lost the seat in 1886, but regained it in 1892, holding it until 1906. In 1891 he became a director of Bolckow Vaughan Co. Ltd, a mining company, and became its chairman and managing director in 1906 until his death. He became a baronet on 18 July 1906.
# Edwin Steele

Edwin Steele was an American football and basketball coach. Steele was the head football coach at Alma College in Alma, Michigan. He held that position for the 1920 season. His coaching record at Alma was 0–7.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Alma Maroon and Cream (Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1920) ||||||
| 1920 | Alma | 0–7 | 0–5 | 6th |
| Alma: | Alma: | 0–7 | 0–5 | |
| Total: | Total: | 0–7 | | |