OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlie Daniels (politician)

Charles L. Daniels (December 7, 1939 – July 9, 2023) was an American Democratic Party politician from Arkansas. He was the State Auditor of Arkansas from 2011 to 2015 and previously served as Arkansas Secretary of State, and as Commissioner of State Lands.

## Early life and education

Charlie Daniels was born in the Union County, Arkansas, community of Parkers Chapel, and grew up in El Dorado, Arkansas. He served in the United States Air Force and the Air Force Reserve. Daniels attended Southern Arkansas University, and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. He began his political career as a member of the Parker's Chapel school board from 1972 to 1974. From 1974 to 1980, he served as Director of the Arkansas Department of Labor in the Cabinet of Governor David Pryor until 1979, and was retained in that post for another year under Governor Bill Clinton. He served as director of government affairs for the Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation from 1980 to 1984.

## Political career

In 1984, he was elected as Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands, and was subsequently re-elected to four-year terms in 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998. He was elected as the 32nd Arkansas Secretary of State in 2002, defeating the Republican Party nominee, Janet Huckabee, the wife of then-Governor Mike Huckabee, and was re-elected in 2006.
In 2010, he ran for State Auditor, opposed only by Green Party candidate Mary Hughes-Willis. He won the election and took office in January 2011.
Daniels announced in 2013 that he would not seek re-election in the 2014 elections. Hoping to succeed him were Republican State Representative Andrea Lea, Democrat Regina Stewart Hampton and Libertarian Brian Leach. Lea won the election and took office as the next State Auditor in January 2015.

## Personal life and death

A widower, he was married to Patricia Ann Burleson Daniels for 46 years. He had two children, four grandsons, two granddaughters and one great-grandson.
Daniels died in Little Rock on July 9, 2023, at the age of 83.
# Charnock (surname)

Charnock is an English locational surname. It originates from two places, Charnock Richard and Heath Charnock, both in Lancashire.
The name refers to:
* Anne Charnock, science fiction author
* Dr. Christina Comty-Nygren (née Charnock), (1928–2007) English nephrologist, accomplished researcher, and professor of medicine at McGill University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Minnesota.
* Clement Charnock, (1865–1950) mechanical engineer who worked in Russia
* Harry Charnock, brother of Clement and pioneer of football in Russia
* Henry Charnock, (1920–1997), English meteorologist
* James Charnock, English engineer and entrpreneur
* Job Charnock (c. 1630 – c. 1693), British trade agent in India; said to be the founder of Calcutta
* Kieran Charnock (born 1984), English football player
* Lewis Charnock, (born 1994), English rugby player
* Mark Charnock (born 1968), English actor
* Phil Charnock (born 1975), English football player
* Robert Charnock (1663–1696), English conspirator in the plot to assassinate William III
* Roger Charnock (1588–1645), English politician
* Stephen Charnock (1628–1680), English Puritan Presbyterian clergyman
* Thomas Charnock (1516–1581), English alchemist and occultist
* Thomas Charnock (MP) (1587–1648), English politician.
# Charlotte Belle Emerson Keith

Charlotte Belle Emerson Keith (1865-1950) was an American painter and the founder of the Keith Country Day School in Rockford, Illinois.

## Biography

Keith née Emerson was born on January 22, 1865, in Rockford, Illinois. In 1895 she graduated from the School of Art at Wellesley College. In 1888 she traveled to Europe where she studied with Carl von Marr in Munich, Germany, and Charles Lasar in Paris, France.
Keith exhibited her work at the Illinois State Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. She also exhibited her work at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Milwaukee Art Museum.
She married Dr. Darwin Keith in 1898. In 1907 they settled in Rockford after residing for several years in London.
Keith was a member of the Rockford Art Association, and exhibited in their first show in 1913.
Believing that art and culture was as important as academic studies, Keith hired a governess in 1916 to improve the education of her children beyond what they were receiving in the public school system. The group grew to include the children of family and friends. She eventually purchased some property and established the Keith Country Day School, which is still in operation.
Keith died on May 29, 1950, in Rockford, Illinois.
# Charuga (film)

Charuga (Čaruga) is a 1991 Yugoslav film directed by Rajko Grlić. Based on the novel by Ivan Kušan, it tells a true story about legendary Slavonian bandit Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga.
During its premiere, Charuga was described as "the last Yugoslav film", because its theatrical run coincided with the process of the Yugoslav break-up and escalation of conflict into the Croatian War of Independence.
Others saw film as an allegoric portrayal of the rise and fall of Communism, because the film's protagonist (played by Ivo Gregurević) used Communism as a pretext to get rich and enjoy luxurious lifestyle.
# Chathakudam

Chathakudam is a village in Thrissur district, Kerala, India.

## Location

Chathakudam is 13 kilometers from Thrissur and lies en route Thrissur to Kodungallur. 18 routes of bus service are available from Thrissur to Chathakudam. Alternatively, one can board a bus towards Irinjalakuda or Kodungallur, get down at Poochinipadam and take an auto rickshaw to Chathakudam. This village is approximately 5 kilometers from Amballur-Pudukkadu on NH 47. Chathakudam is known for its temple and festivities.

## Temples

Chathakudam Sree Dharma Sastha Temple is the main landmark of the village. The village is surrounded with acres of paddy fields and almost 200 houses. Its population is nearly 5000 residents.

## Festivals

Chathakudam Pooram is the most popular one in Peruvanam-Arattupuzha Poorams. Chathakudam Sastha's Pooram is the first pooram in these festivals and historically it is known as Sastha's "Thiruvathira Purappadu" On Thiruvathira day of Meenam month. After this pooram, people believed that Chathakudam Sastha will be going to lead and participate in Arattupuzha Pooram, Peruvanam, Thikkattuseery, Thottippal pooram etc. This 10-day festival ends after Arattupuzha Pooram. Chathakuadm Sree Dharma Sastha is the main participant in Devamela of Arattupuzha with Urakam ammathiruvadi.
# Charles de Lambert (aviator)

Charles, Count de Lambert (30 December 1865, in Funchal – 26 February 1944, in Saint-Sylvain-d'Anjou) was an early European aviator.
In 1904 Count Lambert built an experimental hydrofoil boat which was first tested in May 1904 on the River Seine near Paris. It had twin hulls and was powered by a 14HP De Dion-Bouton motor. Even with this modest power it was able to rise up on the hydrofoils until the hull just skimmed the water with only the propeller below the surface reaching a speed of 20 mph.
De Lambert was the first person in France to be taught to fly by Wilbur Wright. The first lesson took place at Le Mans on 28 October 1908, and by August 1909 he owned 2 Wright biplanes. On 18 October 1909 de Lambert "left the Juvisy Aerodrome at 4:36 o'clock in a Wright machine, flew across Paris to the Eiffel Tower, circled it, and returned to his starting point, arriving safely at 5:25." De Lambert claimed that he flew 300 feet above the 1,000 foot Eiffel Tower, which was nearly equal to Orville Wright's height record set in Berlin.
Lambert, along with Hubert Latham and Louis Blériot, was one of the three main contenders for the £1,000 prize offered by the Daily Mail for a successful crossing of the English Channel in an aeroplane, although he was not motivated by the monetary value. He took his pair of Wright Flyers (Nos. 2 and 18) and set up camp at Wissant to practice and wait for good weather. Latham made the first real attempt, but foundered and landed on the water, and Lambert damaged his 'Flyers' while practising. The prize was won by Louis Blériot on 25 July 1909.

## Personal life

Count de Lambert was married first to Louise with whom he had a daughter, Jane de Lambert. After they divorced, Louise married the Marquis de Ivanrey, Ricardo Soriano. After that marriage, Louise married the aviation engineer Léon Lemartin. Lemartin raised Jane as his own daughter. After Louise's death in December 1907 and Lemartin's death in an air-crash in 1911, Jane de Lambert was eventually parented by Lemartin's second wife Madeline and her second husband, Lemartin's brother Albert Lemartin.
Count de Lambert's second wife was Cordelia de Lambert.

## References and notes

* ↑ His full name was Charles Alexandre Maurice Joseph Marie Jules Stanislas Jacques count Charles de Lambert (Charles count de Lambert. He was also known as Charles, Comte de Lambert
* ↑ The Flying Machines Exhibit Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Wright State University Libraries
* ↑ The Hydroplane or Gliding Boat, St James's Gazette, 24 May 1904, p16
* ↑ Wright teaches flying.; Count de Lambert, His Pupil, Says Handling the Aeroplane Is Simple. The New York Times, 29 October 1908.
* ↑ Count Lambert's Idiosyncracy, Westminster Gazette, 26 Aug 1909, p5
* 1 2 Over Eiffel Tower in a Wright biplane Special Cable to The New York Times, 19 October 1909
* ↑ Flight Magazine, July 24, 1909 p.442
* ↑ Patrimoine - Grandes figures of gadzarts - Profiles of alumni - Leon Lemartin
# Chay Douangphouxay

Chay Douangphouxay is a Lao-Khmer American artist and activist from Minneapolis. Douangphouxay is a spoken word artist known for covering topics such as race and gender. Through her art, she has sought to redefine the image of Asian-Americans.

## Personal life

Before coming to the United States, Douangphouxay and her family lived in Thai refugee camps from when she was one to three. She has said that America was "the light at the end of the tunnel for us." Her work is inspired by both her time in the refugee camps and her childhood in the projects of Minnesota.

## Career

Her first solo chapbook, Remission: Finding Light in the Midst of Social Darkness, was released in 2012 through the 2012 Legacy Fellowship Grant, with the support of Council on Asian Pacific Minnesotans and the Minnesota Humanities Center. The book covers topics of gender, race, and class. Her second book, Tawan: The Sun Girl, was published in 2013 as part of the Reading Together project, a collaboration of the Minnesota Humanities Center and the Council on Asian Pacific Minnesotans.
Douangphouxay also cofounded the Twin Cities chapter of the National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum.
# Charlie Cole

Charlie Cole may refer to:
* Charlie Cole (lawyer) (born 1927), American lawyer, attorney general of Alaska 1990–1994
* Charlie Cole (photographer) (1955–2019), American photographer who took the picture of the Tank Man during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests
* Charlie Cole (rower) (born 1986), American rower who competed in the 2012 Olympics
# Checheno-Ingush Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The First Secretary of the Checheno-Ingush regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Chechen AO (1922–34), Checheno-Ingush AO (1934–36), Checheno-Ingush ASSR (1936–44, 1957–91) and the Grozny Oblast (1944–57) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in November 1922, and abolished on August 23, 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

## List of First Secretaries of the Checheno-Ingush Communist Party

| Name | Term of Office | Term of Office | Life years |
| Name | Start | End | Life years |
| First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party ||||
| Tashtemir Eldarkhanov | November 1922 | 1923 | 1870–1934 |
| Aznarashvili | 1923 | January 1924 | |
| Magomed Eneyev | January 1924 | December 1925 | 1897–1928 |
| Yefrem Eshba | January 1926 | August 25, 1927 | 1893–1939 |
| Gurgen Bulat | August 25, 1927 | 1929 | |
| Solomon Khasman | 1929 | 1930 | 1886–1938 |
| Georgy Karib (Tovmasyan) | 1930 | November 30, 1933 | 1896–1938 |
| Georgy Makharadze | November 30, 1933 | 1935 | 1898–1938 |
| Vasily Yegorov | 1935 | October 10, 1937 | 1899–1950 |
| Fyodor Bykov | October 10, 1937 | May 1940 | 1901–1980 |
| Viktor Ivanov | May 1940 | March 7, 1944 | 1903–1969 |
| First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party (Grozny Oblast) ||||
| Pyotr Cheplakov | March 1944 | September 1949 | 1906–1985 |
| Ivan Zhegalin | September 1949 | 1955 | 1906–1984 |
| Aleksandr Yakovlev | 1955 | 1957 | 1911– |
| First Secretaries of the Communist Party (Checheno-Ingush ASSR) ||||
| Aleksandr Yakovlev | 1957 | January 1959 | 1911– |
| Aleksandr Trofimov | January 1959 | September 1963 | 1903–1980 |
| Fyodor Titov | September 1963 | January 11, 1966 | 1910–1989 |
| Semyon Apryatkin | January 11, 1966 | July 1975 | 1911–1977 |
| Aleksandr Vlasov | July 1975 | July 31, 1984 | 1932–2002 |
| Vladimir Foteyev | July 31, 1984 | July 1, 1989 | 1935– |
| Doku Zavgayev | July 1, 1989 | August 23, 1991 | 1940– |

## Sources

* World Statesmen.org
# Cheiranthera linearis

Cheiranthera linearis, commonly known as finger-flower, is a flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae. It is a small shrub with deep purple flowers, yellow stamens and dull green linear shaped leaves. It is found growing in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.

## Description

Cheiranthera linearis is a small upright shrub to 50 cm (20 in) with smooth stems. The leaves are sessile, arranged alternately, more or less clustered on the stem, leaf blade mostly linear, 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long, 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) wide, edges curved under, smooth, toothed or with lobes about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The flowers may be single or in clusters of 2–5 on a short upright stems and 5 yellow stamens. The flower petals are egg-shaped, 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long and a blue to deep purple. The fruit capsules are more or less oblong to egg-shaped, 12–18 mm (0.47–0.71 in) long and flattened. Flowering occurs in summer and autumn.

## Taxonomy and naming

Cheiranthera linearis was first formally described in 1834 by John Lindley and the description was published in Edwards's Botanical Register. The specific epithet is taken from the Latin word linearis meaning "linear", which refers to the shape of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

Finger-flower is a widespread species found growing in woodland and forests on rocky or sandy locations in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.
# Chen Mu

Chen Mu (Chinese: 陈睦; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Mu, d. 75) was a governor and general during the Han dynasty who served the first Protector General of the Western Regions under Eastern Han between 74 and 75. During his service, he was killed by the rebels in Karasahr in A.D. 75, during the Han-Xiongnu War.
# Chaygaon

Chaygaon is a town in Kamrup district of Assam, India; situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra river. It is 38 km from major town Guwahati. The town is known for "Maa Chandika Devalaya", a Shakti Peeth, where thousands of devotees visit during Durga Puja. Historical "Mer Ghar" of Chand Sadagar situated in Champak Nagar, Chaygaon.

## Etymology

The word Chaygaon is derived from two Kamrupi Assamese words soy (ছয়) (six) and gaon (গাঁও) (village) meaning six villages. Anglicised as Chaygaon based on the IAST values of the Eastern Nagari script.

## Culture

The people from different religions are residing here, with distinct Kamrupi culture. The devotee throng here to pay their homage to the ancient temple of 'Chandika'. The Mer Ghar of Chand Sadagar, the merchant of the ancient times, evidences the story of Behula and Lakhinder, his daughter in law and son.

## History

The town was part of Kamapitha division of Ancient Kamrup. It was within capital region of ancient Kamrup kingdom. In pre-modern period it remained part of eastern Kamrup region. In nineteenth century, it became part of newly formed administrative undivided Kamrup district. In 2003, after bifurcation of old district, it is included in Kamrup rural district.

## Places of interest
### Chand Sadagar's Mer Ghar

It is a site with which a mythological story is attached to a merchant named Chanda Sadagar and his son Lakhindar and his daughter-in-law Beula.
The legend says that Chanda Sadagar, who was a devotee of Lord Siva, once got a curse from 'Nag Devata' (the God of Snake) that he would have no descendants any further as his only son would be killed on the latter's wedding night. To prevent this, Lakhindar and his bride was confined in the "Mer Ghar" (a specially built sealed house for the newly wed couple to prevent entry of snakes ).
However, despite every effort, Lakhindar was bitten to death by 'Nag Devata' . It was Beula 's relentless offerings and prayers that saved her husband's life later on. Ruins of 'Merghar' and replica of Siva idols are still found around this site.

## Education
### Chhaygaon College

The Chhaygaon College established in the year 1974 is the most important educational institution in the greater Chaygaon. The college is located at an easily accessible site beside the National Highway number 37 at a distance of about 40 km west of Gauhati University and about 25 km from the Gauhati International Airport. It is a co-educational Institution providing instructions up to Three-Year Degree level in Arts and Commerce faculties and affiliated to Gauhati University.

## Transport

Chaygaon is at National Highway 17; is connected to nearby cities and towns with buses and other modes of transportation. It has a Railway station at Dhobargaon and LGB International Airport is situated at a distance of 25 km.
# Chestermere (Kirkby Field) Airport

Chestermere (Kirkby Field) Airport (TC LID: CFX8) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) east of Chestermere, Alberta, Canada.
# Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color

Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color (ISBN 0814103774) is a book by Washington State University Regents Professor Victor Villanueva, published in 1993 by the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE). Bootstraps uses Villanueva's personal history as a struggling Puerto Rican academic to initiate a broader discussion of race and language in academia.
The book is notable for introducing the concept of Puerto Rican rhetoric in English. Villanueva initially believed the book's personal critique of the obstacles he faced as a Puerto Rican academic would "end his academic career," and later expressed surprise at its success. Later academics of color have referenced the book as "significant" in conceptualizing the relationship between people of color and fluency in English.
# Bootstrapping Server Function

A Bootstrapping Server Function (BSF) is an intermediary element in Cellular networks which provides application-independent functions for mutual authentication of user equipment and servers unknown to each other and for 'bootstrapping' the exchange of secret session keys afterwards. This allows the use of additional services like Mobile TV and PKI, which need authentication and secured communication.

## GBA/GAA Setup

The setup and function to deploy a generic security relation as described is called Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) or Generic Authentication Architecture (GAA). In short, it consists of the following elements.
* user equipment (UE), e. g. a mobile cellular telephone; needs access to a specific service
* application server (NAF: Network Application Function), e. g. for mobile TV; provides the service
* BSF (Bootstrapping Server Function); arranges security relation between UE and NAF
* mobile network operator's Home Subscriber Server (HSS); hosts user profiles.
In this case, the term 'bootstrapping' is related to building a security relation with a previously unknown device first and to allow installing security elements (keys) in the device and the BSF afterwards.

## Workflow

The BSF is introduced by the application server (NAF), after an unknown UE device is trying to get service access: the NAF refers the UE to the BSF. UE and BSF mutually authenticate via 3GPP protocol AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement); additionally, the BSF sends related queries to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS). Afterwards, UE and BSF agree on a session key to be used for encrypted data exchange with the application server (NAF). When the UE again connects to the NAF, the NAF is able to obtain the session key as well as user-specific data from the BSF and can start data exchange with the end device (UE), using the related session keys for encryption.

## Standards

BSF is standardised in recent versions of 3GPP Standards: GAA (Generic Authentication Architecture) and GBA (Generic Bootstrapping Architecture), and 3GPP TS 33.919, 33.220 24.109, 29.109
# Bootstrapping (law)

The bootstrapping rule in the rules of evidence dealt with admissibility as non-hearsay of statements of conspiracy in United States federal courts. The rule, in a criminal prosecution for conspiracy, was that the court, in deciding whether to allow the jury to consider a statement of conspiracy, cannot hear the statement itself: the allegation had to be supported by independent evidence.
If the independent evidence convinced the court that a conspiracy probably existed, only then could such a statement be introduced into trial and heard by the jury. Allowing such statements of conspiracy to prove the existence of conspiracy was considered similar to bootstrapping. In the United States, the bootstrapping rule has been eliminated from the Federal Rules of Evidence, as decided by the Supreme Court in the Bourjaily case.
For example, if a person is charged with four crimes, unless the evidence is connectable to each crime, each piece of evidence can be used only in each separate crime and not to link any crime to another.
In law, bootstrapping can also refer to an attempt to gain jurisdiction over a non-jurisdictional matter by its circuitous relationship to a jurisdictional matter.
In 1987 the Supreme Court determined that the "bootstrapping" rule did not survive the adoption of the Federal Rules of Evidence.
# Boston Lodge Halt railway station

Boston Lodge Halt in North Wales is an unstaffed halt on the narrow gauge Ffestiniog Railway, which was built in 1836 to carry dressed slate from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Porthmadog for export by sea.

## History

This halt opened in July 1928 and is situated behind the picture in the side panel, accessed from a steep road off from the A487 road at the start of a footpath leading to Portmeirion. It is at a height of 25 ft (7.6 m) and a distance of just over 1 mile (1.6 km) from Porthmadog. The halt closed on 15 September 1939 and reopened on 23 July 1955. For that short 1955 season of the re-opening of the Festiniog Railway, Boston Lodge Halt was the temporary terminus.
Its main use is chiefly by visitors and staff to the adjacent Boston Lodge Works of the Festiniog Railway Company and by a few walkers. Trains call at this halt only on request and intending passengers are advised to check with train guard before embarking on their journey.
* Up the Line from Boston Lodge, towards Blaenau Ffestiniog
* view across the causeway towards Porthmadog

## Services

| Preceding station | Heritage railways | Heritage railways | Heritage railways | Following station |
| Porthmadog Harbour | | Ffestiniog Railway Porthmadog - Blaenau Ffestiniog | | Minffordd |

## Sources

* Boyd, James I.C. (1975) [1959]. The Festiniog Railway 1800 - 1974; Vol. 1 - History and Route. The British Narrow Gauge Railway. Blandford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-167-7. OCLC 2074549. B1A.
* Boyd, James I.C. (1975) [1959]. The Festiniog Railway 1800 - 1974; Vol. 2 - Locomotives and Rolling Stock; Quarries and Branches: Rebirth 1954-74. The British Narrow Gauge Railway. Blandford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-168-4. OCLC 874117875. B1B.