OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# How Institutions Think

How Institutions Think (first published 1986) is a book that contains the published version of the Frank W. Abrams Lectures delivered by the influential cultural anthropologist Mary Douglas at Syracuse University in March 1985.

## Summary

In How Institutions Think, Douglas offers a critique of the rational choice theory rooted in social anthropology and a structural functionalist approach. She aims at explaining how humans cooperate, and the role of building and maintaining institutions to shape ways of thinking useful to cooperation. To achieve this, she builds on the work of Émile Durkheim and Ludwig Fleck and examples drawn from anthropology.
She argues that rational choice theory that humans cooperate because this is individually advantageous can not explain empirically observed phenomena, such as self-sacrifice or non-authoritarian, 'latent', groups. The book aims at discussing alternative explanations, such as the building of analogies to support common understandings from early human communities.

## Influence

In 2019, Marc Ventresca argued this is Douglas' best-known book.

## Reviews

* Ian Hacking in the London Review of Books, 8/22, 18 December 1986.
* Kenneth Lipartito in the Business History Review, 80/1, Spring 2006, pp. 135–140.
# Malcolm Hirst

Malcolm Hirst (born 13 June 1945) is a British biathlete. He competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Howard Bay

Howard Bay may refer to:
* Howard Bay (Antarctica), a body of water in Antarctica
* Howard Bay (designer) (1912–1986), American scenic, lighting and costume designer
# Howard Bay (designer)

Howard Bay (May 3, 1912 – November 21, 1986, New York City) was an American scenic, lighting and costume designer for stage, opera and film. He won the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design twice.

## Career

Howard Bay was born in Centralia, Washington to parents who were teachers; his father was an art teacher, his mother an English teacher. Over 50 years he designed the sets and lighting, as well as occasionally the costumes, for some 105 Broadway plays and musicals as well as operas and television shows.
Bay designed sets for the Federal Theatre Project in New York City, for four operas for the National Orchestral Association, performed at Carnegie Hall, 1939–1940 and for the operas Capriccio and Natalya Petrovna for the New York City Opera, 1965.
Bay first designed the sets for Broadway for the play Chalk Dust in 1936. In the field of musicals, he designed, among others, sets and lighting for Show Boat (1946), The Music Man (1957) and Finian's Rainbow (1955 [sets], 1960). He designed the original sets, lighting and costumes for Man of La Mancha in 1965 and all revivals. For dramas, for example, he designed the sets and lighting for The Little Foxes (1967), My Mother, My Father and Me (1963), Toys in the Attic (1960), and The Big Knife (1949).
For television he was the Art director for the Fred Waring Show, CBS, 1953–1955; Somerset Maugham Theatre, CBS and NBC, 1954–1956, and Mr. Broadway, CBS, 1964.
He worked on the films The Exile (1947) and Up in Central Park (1948), as the production designer.
He taught theater arts at Brandeis University for 14 years. Bay was president of United Scenic Artists for many years.

## Personal

He married Ruth Jonas on November 23, 1932, and they had two children, Ellen and Timothy. He died of a myocardial infarction in 1986.

## Awards and nominations

* Tony Award Best Scenic Design - Cry for Us All (nominee) (1970)
* Tony Award Best Costume Design - Man of La Mancha (nominee) (1966)
* Tony Award Best Scenic Design - Man of La Mancha (winner) (1966)
* Tony Award Best Scenic Design (Play) - Toys in the Attic (winner) (1960)
# Malcolm Little (disambiguation)

Malcolm X (1925–1965), named Malcolm Little at birth, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who later changed his name to el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz.
Malcolm Little may also refer to:
* Malcolm Orme Little (1857–1931), British Army cavalry officer and champion polo player
* Malcolm Archibald Albert Little (1904–1944), British Army colonel and polo player; son of Malcolm Orme Little
# Mammillaria pennispinosa

Mammillaria pennispinosa is a species of cactus. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is known only from a single location in Durango. Its total population is fewer than 1250 individuals. They grow on volcanic rock in desert habitat.
# Hospice-Anthelme Verreau

Hospice-Anthelme Verreau FRSC (6 September 1828 – 15 May 1901) was a French-Canadian priest, educator, and historian.
Born in l'Islet, Lower Canada, the son of Germain-Alexandre Verreau and Ursule Fournier, Verreau left his classical course at the Quebec Seminary and taught at Ste Thérèse College. In 1857, he was appointed principal of the newly founded Jacques-Cartier Normal School, an office he held until his death. He was made a LitD of Laval (1878) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1873 he was commissioned by the Quebec Government to investigate certain European archives for materials relating to Canadian history. Besides many contributions to the Historical Society of Montreal, of which he was the first president, and to the Royal Society of Canada, he published (1870–73) two volumes of memoirs concerning the invasion of Canada by the Americans.
He died in Montreal, Quebec, in 1901.

## Chief publications

* Notice sur la fondation de Montréal;
* Des commencements de l'église du Canada;
* Jacques Cartier; Questions du calendrier civil et ecclésiastique; Questions de droit politique, de législation et d'usages maritimes
# 1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione

1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue. It is used to control estrogen synthesis.
ATD was present in some over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements until 2009, as well as Topical ATD solutions that work transdermally. The product was developed and commercialized in the dietary supplement market place by industry journeyman Bruce Kneller, who holds a United States Patent for use of the compound and related compounds (#7,939,517) and Gaspari Nutrition. ATD has many names in sports supplements including: 1,4,6 etiollochan-dione, 3, 17-keto-etiochol-triene, androst-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione and many others. These all refer to CAS# 633-35-2.
ATD may cause a positive test for the anabolic steroid Boldenone, of which it is a possible metabolite and production contaminant. ATD is also prohibited in amateur and professional sports which forbids aromatase inhibitors.
A related agent is exemestane (Aromasin).
# Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research in biochemistry and physiology.
# Isba

Isba was a city on the border of ancient Pamphylia. It has been identified with the modern village of Çeşme.
Isba became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Side, the capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia Prima, to which Isba belonged. No longer a residential bishopric, Isba is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Among the titular bishops of the see was Lionel Scheffer [fr] (14 March 1946 – 3 October 1966), later Vicar Apostolic of Labrador, after whom Schefferville, Quebec is named.
# Blecher

Blecher may refer to:
* Max Blecher (1909–1938), Romanian writer
* Taddy Blecher, South African actuary, management consultant and educational entrepreneur
* Sara Blecher, South African film director
# Ian Douglas (bishop)

Ian Theodore Douglas (born May 20, 1958) is the former bishop of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut.

## Biography

He was ordained to the diaconate on June 11, 1988, and to the priesthood on June 24, 1989. He was elected fifteenth Bishop of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut on October 24, 2009. His election marked the first time in the diocese's 224-year history that a priest from outside the diocese was elected bishop. He was consecrated on April 17, 2010. He was previously Angus Dun Professor of Mission and World Christianity at Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He also served as priest associate at St. James's Episcopal Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1989 to 2010. Douglas earned degrees from Middlebury College (B.A.), Harvard University Graduate School of Education (Ed.M.), Harvard Divinity School (M.Div.) and Boston University (Ph.D.). Douglas is married to Kristin Harris. They are the parents of Luke, Timothy, and Johanna.
Douglas is a member of the Standing Committee of the Anglican Communion. He is also Vice-Chair of Episcopalians for Global Reconciliation.
In 2015, Douglas was one of the candidates for election as the 27th Presiding Bishop of The Episcopal Church.
In April 2021, Douglas announced his plan to retire in fall 2022.
# Sadak-Arjuni taluka

Sadak-Arjuni is a taluka in Arjuni Morgaon subdivision of Gondiya district, Maharashtra, India It is one of the eight Talukas located in Gondia district.

## Culture

The Mama-Bhasha fair is held in the villages of Satalwada (Sakoli taluka) and Giroli-Heti belonging to Sadak-Arjuni taluka. The fair is held on 1 and 2 January. In 2011, this fair was attended by 1 lakh persons.
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) |
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikhs | Buddhist | Jain | Other religions and persuasions | Religion not stated |
| 2001 | 54000 | 53493 | 107493 | - | 86.825 | 1.228 | 0.038 | 0.033 | 10.270 | 0.031 | 1.504 | 0.071 |
| 2011 | 58201 | 57393 | 115594 | 7.536 | 87.194 | 1.517 | 0.075 | 0.074 | 9.794 | 0.073 | 0.682 | 0.592 |

## Geographic Boundaries

vtePlaces adjacent to Sadak-Arjuni taluka :
Tiroda taluka
Goregaon taluka
Sakoli taluka, Bhandara district
Sadak-Arjuni taluka
Deori taluka
Arjuni-Morgaon taluka :
# Anthemis urvilleana

Anthemis urvilleana is a plant species in the Asteraceae family.
# History of Baghdad (1638–1704)

In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1638 to 1704 began with the Fall of Baghdad after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city from the Safavid. It ended with the Hasan Pasha got power and also became the first Mamluk ruler of Baghdad on 1704. Kashik Hassan Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Youssef Pasha was the last

## Timeline

* 1652 – Population: 14000 .
* 1657 – Flood.
* 1663 – The Ottoman Poet Nazmizade Baghdadi dies.
* 1669 – A typhus spreads in Baghdad
* 1672 – The Islamic scholar Mahmud Bin Ahmed al-Ahsá'í dies in Baghdad.
* 1674 – Hussain Pasha mosque built
* 1681 – Al-adamiyah Dam was over after had seven years built
* 1683
** Ibrahim Pasha had reconstructions Al-Sarai Mosque
** Khaseki mosque built
** City besieged
* 1689
** An earthquake happens in Baghdad
** The plague and Drought spreads in Baghdad
* 1690 – A plague was spreading in Baghdad the second time for less than one year
* 1702 – An earthquake happened in Baghdad on 15 July 1702

## Ottoman walis (1638–1704)

| Person | Time as governor |
| Kashik Hassan Pasha | 1638–1639 |
| Darwesh Muhammed Pasha | 1639–1642 |
| Kashik Hassan Pasha | 1642–1644 |
| Daly Hussain | 1644–1644 |
| Mohamed Pasha | 1644–1645 |
| Mussa Pasha | 1845–1646 |
| Ibrahim Pasha | 1646-1646 |
| Mussa Semiz | 1646–1647 |
| Malik Ahmed | 1647–1647 |
| Arsalan Najdi Zadah | 1647–1649 |
| Hussain Pasha | 1649–1650 |
| Qarah Mustafa | 1651–1652 |
| Murtazah Pasha | 1653–1654 |
| Aq Mohamed | 1654–1656 |
| Mohammed Pasha Khasiky | 1657–1659 |
| Mustafa Pasha | 1659–1659 |
| Khasiky Mohamed | 1659–1661 |
| Kanbur Mustafa | 1661–1663 |
| Bambej Mustafa | 1663–1664 |
| Qarah Mustafa | 1664–1664 |
| Uzon Ibrahim | 1664–1666 |
| Qarah Mustafa | 1666–1671 |
| Selihdar Hussain | 1671–1674 |
| Abdulrahman Pasha | 1674–1676 |
| Kablan Mustafa Marzonly | 1676–1677 |
| Omar Pasha | 1677–1681 |
| Ibrahim Pasha | 1681–1684 |
| Omar Pasha | 1684–1686 |
| Shokoh Ahmed Katkothah | 1686–1686 |
| Omar Pasha | 1686–1687 |
| Hassan Pasha | 1688–1690 |
| Ahmed Bazergan | 1690–1690 |
| Ahmed Bazergan | 1690–1690 |
| Ahmed Pasha | 1691–1693 |
| Haji Ahmed Qalayli | 1693–1695 |
| Ali Pasha | 1695–1695 |
| Hassan Pasha | 1696–1698 |
| Ismael Pasha | 1698–1700 |
| Ali Pasha | 1700–1702 |
| Youssef Pasha | 1703–1704 |
# Göktaş, Kilis

Göktaş is a village in the Kilis District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 207 in 2022.
In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 10 houses inhabited by Turks of the Yalavaç tribe.
# Mallosia

Mallosia, described by Étienne Mulsant in 1847, is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Saperdini. It is distributed in the Palearctic, from Greece to Caucasus and Iran.

## Distribution

The genus includes:
* subgenus Mallosia Mulsant, 1863
** species Mallosia graeca (Sturm, 1843)
* subgenus Micromallosia Pic, 1900
** species Mallosia heinzorum Holzschuh, 1991
** species Mallosia heydeni (Ganglbauer, 1888)
** species Mallosia theresae (Pic, 1900)
* subgenus Anatomallosia Özdikmen & Aytar, 2012
** species Mallosia nonnigra Özdikmen & Aytar, 2012
* subgenus Eumallosia Danilevsky, 1990
** species Mallosia armeniaca Pic, 1897
** species Mallosia brevipes Pic, 1897
** species Mallosia costata Pic, 1898
** species Mallosia herminae Reitter, 1890
** species Mallosia imperatrix Abeille de Perrin, 1885
* subgenus Eusemnosia Özdikmen & Aytar, 2012
** species Mallosia baiocchii (Sama, 2000)
** species Mallosia interrupta Pic, 1905
** species Mallosia mirabilis Faldermann, 1837
** species Mallosia tristis Reitter, 1888
* subgenus Submallosia Özdikmen & Aytar, 2012
** species Mallosia jakowlewi Semenov, 1895
** species Mallosia tamashaczi Sama & Székely, 2010
* subgenus Semnosia K. Daniel, 1904
** species Mallosia galinae Danilevsky, 1990
** species Mallosia scovitzii (Faldermann, 1837)
# Gündoğan, Buharkent

Gündoğan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Buharkent, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 100 (2022).
# Command Decision (novel)

Command Decision is a war novel by William Wister Haines, serialized in 1946–47 in four parts in The Atlantic Monthly. It was published in book form in 1947. It was developed from the unproduced play of the same title in order to provide a market for a Broadway production that followed in 1947, then adapted as a film in 1948. The novel depicts the stresses and emotional toll on the commander of a United States Army Air Forces general, K.C. "Casey" Dennis, in implementing a costly series of attacks by B-17 Flying Fortresses against German industries manufacturing jet fighters.
The collective trio has been called the first important work of fiction about World War II. They differ from most of the prior war-themed works from that period, which stressed the experiences of average citizens forced to go to war, in that Command Decision explores the pressures of leadership, political in-fighting, moral conflicts, and psychological effects rather than glamorizing combat, and frankly admitting the high losses in men and materiel that characterized air combat. The novel has no action scenes and takes place over a two-day period entirely within the English headquarters of an American bombardment division.
# Ischnotoma eburnea

Ischnotoma eburnea is a species of cranefly, found in Australia.
# Blechacz

Blechacz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernadetta Blechacz (born 1955), Polish javelin thrower
* Rafał Blechacz (born 1985), Polish classical pianist
# Marine Club FC

Marine Club is a Somali football club based in Halmuduh, Somalia. They won the Somalia Cup in 1979 and 1986.
# Catocala paki

Catocala paki is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Yasunori Kishida in 1981. It is found in Korea.
# Sadak (name)

Sadak is a surname. Notable people with the surname are as follows:
* John Sadak (born 1979), American television and radio sports announcer
* Necmettin Sadak (1890–1953), Turkish politician
* Selim Sadak (born 1954), Turkish Kurdish politician
# Antonio Comellas y Cluet

Antonio Comellas y Cluet (16 January 1832, in Berga – 3 June 1884, in Berga) was a philosopher.
Comellas studied philosophy and theology in Vic, and entered the diocesan seminary in Solsona, Lleida. After his ordination (17 May 1856) he continued to teach Latin at Solsona until 1862, when he was appointed professor of theology. During his stay there he published two pamphlets. The first was a discourse, delivered at the opening of the scholastic term, 1866–67, in which he tried to explain in a new manner the procession of the Holy Trinity, and the second a translation, accompanied by prologue and notes, of a work by Reginald Baumstark, Pensamientos de un protestante sobre la invitación del papa á la reconciliación con la Iglesia católica romana (Barcelona, 1869).
To be able to devote himself to his chosen line of work, a few months after the appearance of his philosophical work, he resigned his chair of theology in 1871, and withdrew to Berga. Before 1880 he published Demostración de la armonía entre la religión católica y la ciencia, a work of an apologetic nature, written to refute John William Draper's Conflict Between Science and Religion. In 1883 he wrote his philosophical work, Introducción á la filosofía, ó sea doctrina, sobre la dirección al ideal de la ciencia (Barcelona). Alberto Gómez Izquierdo [es], his biographer, says, that "as a philosopher, he [Comellas] was the only thinker who obeying the impulse of his scientific inquisitiveness, rather than the influence and stimulus of those about him, devoured all the most interesting philosophical literature of Europe of his time" and that "in his active mind the echoes of the spiritualism of the Catalan School and the first murmurs of the Thomistic revival reverberated". Some view him as one of the precursors of Neo-Scholasticism in Spain.
# Lõve (river)

The Lõve River is a river in Saare County, Estonia. The river is 32 km long, and its basin size is 160.2 km$^2$. It discharges into Oessaare Bay.
# László Rác Szabó

László Rác Szabó (born 12 May 1957 in Senta, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Serbia. He is the leader of Hungarian Civic Alliance.
# Léopold Hélène

Léopold Hélène (October 16, 1926 in Le Gosier, Guadeloupe – February 9, 2012 in Paris, France) was a politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French National Assembly from 1968-1973.
# Lørenskog Ishall

Lørenskog Ishall is an indoor ice hockey arena located in Lørenskog, Norway. The capacity of the arena is 2,450 and it was opened in 1984. It is the home arena of the Lørenskog ice hockey team. A new rink was installed in 2007.
# Løsning

Løsning is a town in Denmark. The town is located just north of (and directly adjacent to) the town of Hedensted. Together, they form an urban area with a population of 13,034 (1 January 2024).
Geographically, Løsning lies halfway between the larger towns of Horsens and Vejle, beside the European route E45. For administrative purposes, the town is in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region.

## Sport

Frederikslyst Speedway was a motorcycle speedway venue located approximately 2 kilometres north east of the town, off the Frederikslystvej in the forest (55°48′47″N 9°43′23″E﻿ / ﻿55.81306°N 9.72306°E﻿ / 55.81306; 9.72306). It held the final of the Danish Individual Speedway Championship in 1995.
# Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima

Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima (1970/71 – 22 May 2010) was a South African clan leader and ruler as king of Western Thembuland.
He was the son of Mthethuvumile Matanzima and grandson of the former President of Transkei, Kaiser Matanzima, and a great-great-nephew of Nelson Mandela.
Matanzima, the king of the Western Thembuland Kingdom was one of six traditional kings in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The Thembu people were divided into two kingdoms by colonial authorities; Matanzima was ruler of the illegally colonial created Western Thembuland Kingdom while his cousin, King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo, led the Senior kingdom, BakaDalindyebo. which is based at Bumbane Great Place in Mthatha.
King Matanzima suffered from declining health and was admitted to One Military Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa in 2009. He died unexpectedly at Life St Dominic's Hospital in East London, South Africa, on 22 May 2010, at the age of 39. He had vomited blood and complained of stomach pain the day before his death.
King Matanzima was survived by his wife, Phila, and his mother, Nosizwe who died in 2022.
# 1999 Eurotel Slovak Indoor

The 1999 Eurotel Slovak Indoor was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sibamac Arena in Bratislava, Slovakia that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1999 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 18 October until 24 October 1999. First-seeded Amélie Mauresmo won the singles title and earned $16,000 first-prize money.

## Entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank | Seed |
| FRA | Amélie Mauresmo | 11 | 1 |
| FRA | Nathalie Dechy | 28 | 2 |
| SVK | Henrieta Nagyová | 33 | 3 |
| BEL | Sabine Appelmans | 35 | 4 |
| USA | Corina Morariu | 38 | 5 |
| SVK | Karina Habšudová | 43 | 6 |
| AUT | Barbara Schwartz | 50 | 7 |
| BEL | Kim Clijsters | 54 | 8 |

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Ľudmila Cervanová
* Daniela Hantuchová
The following players received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Ľudmila Cervanová / Daniela Hantuchová
The following players received entry from the singles qualifying draw:
* Renata Kučerová
* Radka Pelikánová
* Sandra Kleinová
* Katalin Marosi
The following players received entry from the doubles qualifying draw:
* Stanislava Hrozenská / Andrea Šebová

## Finals
### Singles

Amélie Mauresmo defeated Kim Clijsters, 6–3, 6–3
* This was Mauresmo's first WTA singles title of her career.

### Doubles

Kim Clijsters / Laurence Courtois defeated Olga Barabanschikova / Lilia Osterloh, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
# 1997 Chicago Marathon

The 1997 Chicago Marathon was the 20th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 19. The elite men's race was won by Morocco's Khalid Khannouchi in a time of 2:07:10 hours and the women's race was won by Great Britain's Marian Sutton in 2:29:03.

## Results
### Men

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| 01 | Khalid Khannouchi | Morocco | 2:07:10 |
| 02 | Fred Kiprop | Kenya | 2:08:19 |
| 03 | Peter Ndirangu | Kenya | 2:08:46 |
| 04 | Philip Chirchir | Kenya | 2:08:56 |
| 05 | Patrick Muturi | Kenya | 2:08:59 |
| 06 | Paul Evans | United Kingdom | 2:09:20 |
| 07 | Jerry Lawson | United States | 2:09:35 |
| 08 | Silvio Guerra | Ecuador | 2:09:49 |
| 09 | Jon Brown | United Kingdom | 2:10:13 |
| 10 | Todd Williams | United States | 2:11:17 |

### Women

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| 01 | Marian Sutton | United Kingdom | 2:29:03 |
| 02 | Gitte Karlshøj | Denmark | 2:31:31 |
| 03 | Irina Bogacheva | Kyrgyzstan | 2:32:45 |
| 04 | Christine McNamara | United States | 2:33:08 |
| 05 | Yoshiko Yamamoto | Japan | 2:33:55 |
| 06 | Debbie Kilpatrick | United States | 2:35:05 |
| 07 | Elaine Van Blunk | United States | 2:35:49 |
| 08 | Stefanija Statkuvienė | Lithuania | 2:36:52 |
| 09 | Ann Schaefers-Coles | United States | 2:38:25 |
| 10 | Lornah Kiplagat | Kenya | 2:39:13 |