OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1742 in science

The year 1742 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* January 14 – Death of Edmond Halley; James Bradley succeeds him as Astronomer Royal in Great Britain.

## Mathematics

* June – Christian Goldbach produces Goldbach's conjecture.
* Colin Maclaurin publishes his Treatise on Fluxions in Great Britain, the first systematic exposition of Newton's methods.

## Metrology

* Anders Celsius publishes his proposal for a centigrade temperature scale originated in 1741.

## Physiology and medicine

* Surgeon Joseph Hurlock publishes his A Practical Treatise upon Dentition, or The breeding of teeth in children in London, the first treatise in English on dentition.

## Technology

* Benjamin Robins publishes his New Principles of Gunnery, containing the determination of the force of gun-powder and an investigation of the difference in the resisting power of the air to swift and slow motions in London, containing a description of his ballistic pendulum and the results of his scientific experiments into improvements in ballistics.
* The first large (12 ft focal length) reflecting telescope is made, in Gregorian form, by James Short, for use by Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, in London.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Christopher Middleton.

## Births

* March 15 (bapt.) – John Stackhouse, English botanist (died 1819).
* May 18 – Lionel Lukin, English inventor (died 1834).
* December 3 – James Rennell, English geographer, historian and oceanographer (died 1830).
* December 9 – Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist (died 1786).
* December 26 – Ignaz von Born, Hungarian metallurgist (died 1791).

## Deaths

* January 14 – Edmond Halley, English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist (born 1656).
* February 28 – Willem 's Gravesande, Dutch polymath (born 1688).
* May 13 – Nicolas Andry, French physician (born 1658).
* September 22 – Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (born 1708).
# St. Elizabeth's flood

St. Elizabeth's flood (Sint Elisabethsvloed) may refer to floods that struck Europe's Low Countries on or around November 19, the name day of St. Elizabeth:
* St. Elizabeth's flood (1404)
* St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)
* St. Elizabeth's flood (1424) [nl]
# List of courthouses in Georgia

A list of courthouses in Georgia may refer to:
* List of county courthouses in Georgia (U.S. state), county courthouses in the American state of Georgia
* List of United States federal courthouses in Georgia, federal courthouses in the American state of Georgia
* List of courthouses in Georgia (country), courthouses in the country of Georgia
# Lasius subglaber

Lasius subglaber is a species of ant belonging to the genus Lasius, formerly a part of the genus (now a subgenus) Acanthomyops. Described in 1893 by Emery, the species is native to the United States and Canada.
# Liangqing (monk)

Liangqing (良卿法师) was a Chinese Buddhist monk and abbot of Famen Temple (Chinese: 法门寺; pinyin: Fǎmén Sì).
At the beginning of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1966, a campaign was introduced to destroy the Four Olds. As Buddhist sites and temples were widely targeted during this campaign, Liangqing's Famen Temple was a major target for destruction. Hundreds of Red Guards were sent to destroy the Famen Temple. Due to this imposing threat, Liangqing, the temple's Abbot, chose an act of self-immolation to protect the temple and contents from destruction. Although the contents of the temple were all smashed by the Red Guard, Liangqing's self-sacrifice was successful as the temple's True Relic Pagoda and its relic of the Buddha were both saved from destruction.
# KKLM

KKLM may refer to:
* KKLM (FM), a radio station (104.1 FM) licensed to serve Murrieta, California, United States, which holds the call sign from 2018 to present.
* KNVE (FM), a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to serve Redding, California, United States, which held the call sign KKLM from 2017 to 2018
* KPLV (FM), a radio station (88.7 FM) licensed to serve Corpus Christi, Texas, United States, which held the call sign KKLM from 2002 to 2017
# St. Elizabeth's Retreat Chapel

St. Elizabeth's Retreat Chapel is a historic Catholic chapel at 2825 W. 32nd Avenue in Denver, Colorado, United States. It was built in 1894 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
It was designed by architect Frederick G. Sterner and has an apsidal plan.
# List of cousin marriage court cases in the United States

The following is a list of United States court cases on cousin marriage. Currently only certain cases at the appellate level in the last sixty years are listed.

## Case law

| Name | Date | Forum | Description |
| Ex parte Bowen | March 21, 1952 | Court of Appeals of Kentucky | Held that due to the new Kentucky statute, the marriage was void and the veterans benefits should be denied to the spouse. |
| Matter of the Estate of Martin Emil Mortenson, deceased | October 29, 1957 | Supreme Court of Arizona | Cousin marriage not recognized because Arizona statutes declare the marriage "void" unless it was recognized in the place where solemnized, with the parties having resided in that place. In this case, the parties resided in Arizona and left to have the marriage solemnized in New Mexico. Wife received no share of the estate. |
| Mazzolini v. Mazzolini | December 24, 1958 | Supreme Court of Ohio | Held that because it was not declared void in statute, a cousin marriage solemnized elsewhere was valid in Ohio. Annulment not granted. |
| In re the Marriage of Earl E. Adams | December 31, 1979 | Supreme Court of Montana | Held that a first cousin marriage in Montana, where it was prohibited and where the courts were bound to declare it as void, was indeed void. The wife received no portion of the estate. |
| In the Matter of the Estate of Owen C. Loughmiller, Deceased | June 10, 1981 | Supreme Court of Kansas | Found that a marriage entered into outside the state of Kansas was valid because there is no statute in Kansas specifically voiding the marriage. The marriage was found valid and the separation agreement between the two parties was upheld. |
| Etheridge v. Shaddock | April 7, 1986 | Supreme Court of Arkansas | Found that a cousin marriage performed elsewhere was legal in Arkansas. A disputed change in child custody rights was therefore denied. Incidentally, it noted that a marriage between other closer relatives would not be recognized in this situation. |
| Cook v. Cook | January 13, 2005 | Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 1, Department A | Found that a cousin marriage performed elsewhere should be recognized because Arizona law at the time expressly directed such recognition, and although it was amended after the marriage, retroactive application of the law was not called for. Consequently, dissolution of the marriage was not granted. |
# Larinus obtusus

Larinus obtusus is a species of true weevil known as the blunt knapweed flower weevil. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against noxious knapweeds, especially spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa).
The adult weevil is dark brown with a large, bulbous snout. It is 5 to 7 millimeters (0.19 to 0.27 inches) long in total. It is active throughout the summer when the female lays yellow eggs in the opened flower head. The larva emerges and feeds on the developing seeds inside the head. The larval stage lasts 17 days, after which the larva constructs a cocoon from the remnants of the seeds and pupates within it for about nine days. Most of the damage to the plant is done by the larva's feeding on the seeds; the adult feeds on the foliage but does less drastic damage to the plant. The average lifespan of the weevil is around 94 days for males and 58 for females.
This weevil is native to Europe and the Middle East. It was first introduced to the United States for the biocontrol of knapweeds in the Boulder, Colorado area in 1991. It is now established in much of the northwestern United States, but its abundance is unknown. This weevil is quite similar to its relative, Larinus minutus, which is also a knapweed specialist used for biocontrol. They are currently considered separate species but this could change with further research.
# Likile language

Likile is a Bantu language of the Soko–Kele group, spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Hakim Monykuer Awuok

Hakim Monykuer Awuok is a South Sudanese and he works as Deputy Director of Resolutions at the Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, South Sudan. He is also an AG/ Deputy Director Protocol, Public and External Relations, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.

## Early life and education

Hakim fled to Ethiopia due to civil wars in South Sudan. He continued his basic education in Ethiopia. He then fled back to South Sudan in 1991 when the government of Ethiopia fell on rebels. Hakim continued his education in displaced camps in Magalitore, South Sudan where they usually took their classes under trees. Due to the advances of the military troops, the camp was insecure and in 1995 Hakim fled to Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya where he continued his education in Grade 5 and 6. In 1996, Hakim went back to South Sudan and later proceed to Uganda where he completed his basic education in 1997 at Mirieyi Refugee Primary School in Adjumani District, Uganda. He was then admitted in Adjumani secondary school, Uganda in 1998 with the sponsorship of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Unfortunately, he could not join due to lack of commitment fee of $5 per term. Hakim went back to South Sudan and studied at Fulla Secondary School funded by Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), a humanitarian organization based in Rome, Italy. In 2000, he fled to Kakuma Refugee camp, Kenya due to forceful recruitment by the Sudan People's Liberation Army. In Kakuma, he joined Bortown Secondary School where he completed his secondary education in 2002. Trying to make ends meet, Hakim had to work in support of the family. After five years, he joined Kampala International University from 2007-2010 where he studied Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration.

## Work

Hakim is the Deputy Director of Resolutions at the Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, South Sudan. He organizes peace and reconciliation camps for children affected by wars. He also works to provide clean water to schools in villages. Hakim represents South Sudan as a consultant at AfriDev Exchange He is the founder of the Community Initiative for Peace and Development (CIPAD) and co-founder of Empowerkids — two not-for-profit organisations that help restore education and livelihood to deprived children especially victims of violence Hakim Monykuer Awuok is the acting AG/ Deputy Director Protocol, Public and External Relations, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.

## Achievements and awards

In 2016, Hakim participated in the UNITAR South Sudan Fellowship Programme's cycle where he developed the program aimed at promoting to have a positive impact on IDPs in Juba, South Sudan's capital.
# KBYH

KBYH may refer to:
* Arkansas International Airport (ICAO code KBYH)
* KBYH-LP, a low-power radio station (102.7 FM) licensed to serve Midland, Texas, United States
# 1987–88 Saudi Premier League

Statistics of the 1987–88 Saudi Premier League.

## Stadia and locations

| Club | Location | Stadium |
| Al-Ahli | Jeddah | Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Stadium |
| Ohud | Medina | Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz Stadium |
| Al-Ettifaq | Dammam | Prince Mohamed bin Fahd Stadium |
| Al-Hilal | Riyadh | King Fahd Stadium |
| Al-Ittihad | Jeddah | Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Stadium |
| Al-Nahda | Khobar | Prince Saud bin Jalawi Stadium |
| Al-Nassr | Riyadh | King Fahd Stadium |
| Al-Qadsiah | Al Khubar | Prince Saud bin Jalawi Stadium |
| Al-Kawkb | Al-Kharj | Al-Shoalah Stadium club |
| Al-Shabab | Riyadh | King Fahd Stadium |
| Al-Ta'ee | Ha'il | Prince Abdul Aziz bin Musa'ed Stadium |
| Al-Wehda | Mecca | King Abdul Aziz Stadium |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | Pts |
| 1 | Al-Hilal | 22 | 34 |
| 2 | Al-Ettifaq | 22 | 32 |
| 3 | Al-Nassr | 22 | 32 |
| 4 | Al-Ittihad | 22 | 27 |
| 5 | Al-Shabab | 22 | 24 |
| 6 | Al-Ta'ee | 22 | 22 |
| 7 | Al-Qadsiah | 22 | 20 |
| 8 | Al-Nahda | 22 | 18 |
| 9 | Al-Wehda | 22 | 17 |
| 10 | Al-Ahli | 22 | 17 |
| 11 | Ohud | 22 | 15 |
| 12 | Al-Kawkb | 22 | 6 |
* Promoted: Hajr club and Al-Rawdah
* Full records are not known at this time
* Saudi Premier League 1987–88 winners
* Al-Hilal 5th title
# 12AU7

The 12AU7 and its variants are miniature nine-pin (B9A base) medium-gain dual-triode vacuum tubes. It belongs to a large family of dual-triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (RETMA 9A). 12AU7 is also known in Europe under its Mullard–Philips tube designation ECC82. There are many equivalent tubes with different names, some identical, some designed for ruggedness, long life, or other characteristics; examples are the US military 5814A and the European special-quality ECC82 and E182CC.
The tube is popular in hi-fi vacuum tube audio as a low-noise line amplifier, driver (especially for tone stacks), and phase-inverter in vacuum tube push–pull amplifier circuits. It was widely used, in special-quality versions such as ECC82 and 5814A, in pre-semiconductor digital computer circuitry. Use of special-quality versions outside of the purpose they were designed for may not be optimal; for example, a version for digital computers may be designed for long life without cathode poisoning when mostly switched to low-current mode in switching applications, but with little attention to parameters of interest only for linear applications such as linearity of transfer characteristic, matching between the two sections, microphony, etc.
This tube is essentially two 6C4/EC90s in the same envelope. However, this latter type is officially described in manufacturer's data as "a special quality R.F. power amplifier or oscillator for frequencies up to 150 MHz". The 12AU7, on the other hand, is described as an "A.F. double triode". Data sheets suggest an upper frequency limit of 30 kHz for the 12AU7/ECC82 and it is not described as a "special quality" device. This contrasts with the 6AB4/EC92 and 12AT7/ECC81 which are both R.F. devices operating up to VHF.
Double triodes of the 12AU7 family have a center-tapped filament for use in either 6.3V 300mA or 12.6V 150mA heater circuits.
As of 2012 the 12AU7 continued to be manufactured in Russia, Slovakia (JJ Electronic), and China.
# Inscribed sphere

In geometry, the inscribed sphere or insphere of a convex polyhedron is a sphere that is contained within the polyhedron and tangent to each of the polyhedron's faces. It is the largest sphere that is contained wholly within the polyhedron, and is dual to the dual polyhedron's circumsphere.
The radius of the sphere inscribed in a polyhedron P is called the inradius of P.

## Interpretations

All regular polyhedra have inscribed spheres, but most irregular polyhedra do not have all facets tangent to a common sphere, although it is still possible to define the largest contained sphere for such shapes. For such cases, the notion of an insphere does not seem to have been properly defined and various interpretations of an insphere are to be found:
* The sphere tangent to all faces (if one exists).
* The sphere tangent to all face planes (if one exists).
* The sphere tangent to a given set of faces (if one exists).
* The largest sphere that can fit inside the polyhedron.
Often these spheres coincide, leading to confusion as to exactly what properties define the insphere for polyhedra where they do not coincide.
For example, the regular small stellated dodecahedron has a sphere tangent to all faces, while a larger sphere can still be fitted inside the polyhedron. Which is the insphere? Important authorities such as Coxeter or Cundy & Rollett are clear enough that the face-tangent sphere is the insphere. Again, such authorities agree that the Archimedean polyhedra (having regular faces and equivalent vertices) have no inspheres while the Archimedean dual or Catalan polyhedra do have inspheres. But many authors fail to respect such distinctions and assume other definitions for the 'inspheres' of their polyhedra.
# Syed Shariq Jamal

Syed Shariq Jamal is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh since 2024.

## Political career

He was elected to the 16th Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan from constituency PS-90 Karachi Korangi-I in the 2024 Pakistani general election.
# List of elections in 1808

The following elections occurred in the year 1808.

## North America
### United States

* United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1808
* 1808 and 1809 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1808 United States presidential election
* 1808 and 1809 United States Senate elections
# Larinus sibiricus

Larinus sibiricus is a species of true weevil found in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
The weevil feeds on Xeranthemum annuum (Asteraceae). Females lay eggs on the flowerheads, and larvae undergo development inside the flower heads. The species' larvae are parasitized by Bracon urinator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Zeuxia cinerea (Diptera: Tachinidae).
# Lilleby Station

Lilleby is a railway station on the Nordland Line located in Trondheim, Norway serving the area of Lademoen. The station is serviced by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail operated by SJ Norge. In 2006 the station changed its name from Lademoen so the Lademoen name could be used for the new station Lademoen located at Nedre Elvehavn. Lilleby was opened in 1967 and is 1.77 km from Trondheim Central Station. Lademoen is primarily a residential area.
# Haiderpur Wetland

Haiderpur wetland is a UNESCO Ramsar site located near the Bijnor Ganga Barrage within the Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Formation and Geography

Haiderpur wetland is one of the largest human-made wetland that was formed in 1984 after the construction of Madhya Ganga Barrage. The region is fed by the Ganges and its tributary Solani river, constituting an area of 6908 hectare within the Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary in Muzaffarnagar and Bijnor districts. The wetland lies in the strategic Central Asian Flyway which is as an important stop over site for the winter migratory birds.

## Biodiversity
### Bird species

The wetland is home to over 320 species of birds, which includes many globally threatened species. Commonly observed avian species includes, Partridge, Quail, Peafowl, Pigeon, Falcon, Hawk, Spot-billed duck, Crane, Eagle, Owl, White vulture, Cuckoo and Nightingale. Kingfisher, Myna, Red-vented bulbul, Sparrow, Baya weaver among others are also found in abundance in the wetland.

### Other fauna

Among the mammals, Leopard, Wildcats, Monkeys, Fox, Wolf, Nilgai, Jackal, Mongoose, Honey badger, Barasingha, Wild boars, Rabbits, Muskrats and Bats inhabit the wetland and surrounding sanctuary region. Reptiles such as, Monitor lizard, Python, Indian cobra, Krait and Viper are found in large numbers. A significant population of IUCN Red List critically endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) and many vulnerable amphibian species are observed in the wetland and the adjoining Ganga river basin.

## Conservation Status

Following the conservation efforts of wildlife activists and involvement of local community, Haiderpur is designated as the 47th Ramsar site, a wetland of international importance in April 2021. The World Wide Fund for Nature and the government have initiated several schemes for the conservation and management of Haiderpur wetland.

## Gallery

* Tricoloured munia - Lonchura malacca
* Male Red avadavat in breeding plumage
* Wetland wildlife at Haiderpur
# Heroes and Horrors

Heroes and Horrors is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by American writer Fritz Leiber, edited by Stuart David Schiff and illustrated by Tim Kirk. It was first published in hardcover in December 1978 by Whispers Press, and in paperback in August 1980 by Pocket Books. The paperback edition omits the illustrations.
The book collects nine short stories and novelettes by the author, together with an introduction by Stuart David Schiff and an essay by John Jakes. The first two stories (the second original to the collection) showcase Leiber's Sword and Sorcery heroes Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser. The other pieces originally were published in the magazines The Dragon Magazine for December 1977 and Fantastic Stories of Imagination for February 1962 and October 1964, the collection The Second Book of Fritz Leiber (1975), the magazines Fantastic for February 1969 and Worlds of If for August 1974, and the anthologies The Disciples of Cthulhu (1976) and Superhorror (1976).

## Contents

* "Preface" (Stuart David Schiff)
* "Fritz Leiber: An Appreciation" (John Jakes)
* "Sea Magic" (1977)
* "The Mer She" (1978)
* "A Bit of the Dark World" (1962)
* "Belsen Express" (1975)
* "Midnight in the Mirror World" (1964)
* "Richmond, Late September, 1849" (1969)
* "Midnight by the Morphy Watch" (1974)
* "The Terror from the Depths" (1976)
* "Dark Wings" (1976)

## Reception

Richard A. Lupoff described Heroes and Horrors as "a lovingly crafted production [including] a wealth of fantasy and horror material ranging from the modern, gritty, psychological variety . . . to the all-out Lovecraftian slithering-monstrosity variety."

## Awards

Heroes and Horrors was nominated for the 1979 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology/Collection. The story "Midnight by the Morphy Watch" was nominated for the 1975 Hugo Award for Best Novelette.
# KHB

KHB or khb may refer to:
* Higashinippon Broadcasting, a Japanese broadcast network affiliated with the ANN
* KHB, the station code for Khushab Junction railway station, Pakistan
* khb, the ISO 639-3 code for Tai Lue language
# 1986 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor

The 1986 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 19th edition of the tournament and was played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia in the United States from January 27 to February 3, 1986. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Ivan Lendl defeated Tim Mayotte by walkover
* It was Lendl's 1st title of the year and the 58th of his career.

### Doubles

Scott Davis / David Pate defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
* It was Davis' only title of the year and the 8th of his career. It was Pate's only title of the year and the 4th of his career.