OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Direct-drive mechanism

A direct-drive mechanism is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train or a belt.

## History

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, some of the earliest locomotives and cars used direct drive transmissions at higher speeds. Direct-drive mechanisms for industrial arms began to be possible in the 1980s, with the use of rare-earth magnetic materials. The first direct-drive arm was built in 1981 at Carnegie Mellon University. Today the most commonly used magnets are neodymium magnets.

## Design

Direct-drive systems are characterized by smooth torque transmission, and nearly-zero backlash. The main benefits of a direct-drive system are increased efficiency (due to reduced power losses from the drivetrain components) and being a simpler design with fewer moving parts. Major benefits also include the ability to deliver high torque over a wide range of speeds, fast response, precise positioning, and low inertia.
The main drawback is that a special type of electric motor is often needed to provide high torque outputs at low rpm. Compared with a multi-speed transmission, the motor is usually operating in its optimal power band for a smaller range of output speeds for the system (e.g., road speeds in the case of a motor vehicle).
Direct-drive mechanisms also need a more precise control mechanism. High-speed motors with speed reduction have relatively high inertia, which helps smooth the output motion. Most motors exhibit positional torque ripple known as cogging torque. In high-speed motors, this effect is usually negligible, as the frequency at which it occurs is too high to significantly affect system performance; direct-drive units will suffer more from this phenomenon unless additional inertia is added (i.e. by a flywheel) or the system uses feedback to actively counter the effect.

## Applications

Direct-drive mechanisms are used in applications ranging from low speed operation (such as phonographs, telescope mounts, video game racing wheels and gearless wind turbines) to high speeds (such as fans, computer hard drives, VCR heads, sewing machines, CNC machines and washing machines.)
Some electric railway locomotives have used direct-drive mechanisms, such as the 1919 Milwaukee Road class EP-2 and the 2007 East Japan Railway Company E331. Several cars from the late 19th century used direct-drive wheel hub motors, as did some concept cars in the early 2000s; however, most modern electric cars use inboard motor(s), where drive is transferred to the wheels, via the axles.
Some automobile manufacturers have managed to create their own unique direct-drive transmissions, such as the one Christian von Koenigsegg invented for the Koenigsegg Regera.
# Mirco Reseg

Mirco Reseg (October 28, 1972 in Düsseldorf) is a German actor and comedian.

## Life

Reseg attended the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Realschule in Hanover. He has previously worked in television productions such as Sechserpack, Cologne P.D. and Lindenstraße. Reseg currently lives in Hamburg-Eimsbüttel.
# Jerzy Kruszelnicki

Jerzy Kruszelnicki competed for Poland in the men's standing volleyball events at the 1988 Summer Paralympics (bronze medal), the 1992 Summer Paralympics (silver medal), the 1996 Summer Paralympics (bronze medal), and the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
# Bangladesh–Laos relations

Diplomatic relations between Bangladesh and Laos officially began in 1988. Neither country has a resident ambassador.

## High level visits

Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina paid an official visit to Vientiane in 2012.

## Cooperation on international stage

Bangladesh and Laos have been supporting each other at various international forums. In 2012, Laos supported Bangladesh's inclusion in ASEM. They are both part of China's One Belt One Road Initiative.

## Economic cooperation

Bangladeshi medicines, cement, ceramic, light engineering products, leather, steel and agro-products have been identified as products with huge demand in Laos. Lack of proper transport links has been one of the major problems for expanding the bilateral trade between the two countries. Both the countries are working towards solving the transport problem and are in process to join the Asian Highway Network which would solve the problems.
# Sarotorna myrrhina

Sarotorna myrrhina is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is 12–18 mm. The forewings are pale ochreous fuscous with white, ill-defined markings. There is a broad sub-basal fascia and a dorsal suffusion confluent with the fascia, as well as an ill-defined costal mark at one-third and a more distinct inwardly-oblique curved line from five-sixths of the costa to the tornus. The hindwings are pale-grey.
# England Lions

England Lions may refer to:
* England national rugby league team
* England Lions (cricket team)
# Barbara K. Sullivan

Barbara K. Sullivan is an American marine biologist. She is featured in an exhibit at the New England Aquarium for her work on comb jellies, also called ctenophores, and creatures such as chaetognatha and copepods. She is a professor at the University of Rhode Island.
Sullivan has published extensively.
# Barbara Kahan

Barbara Joan Kahan OBE born Barbara Joan Langridge (18 March 1920 – 6 August 2000) was a British social worker. She rose to chair the National Children's Bureau and to co-chair the Pindown Enquiry.

## Description

Kahan was born in Horsted Keynes in 1920. Her parents, Alfred George and Emily Kathleen Langridge were Methodists and keen on reading. Her father was to become a railway station master. Her family believed in working for their community but it was at Barbara's prompting that she gained an adopted sister who was a Jewish girl escaping persecution in Europe.
Kahan studied English literature at Newnham College, Cambridge between 1939 and 1942, where she was active in politics. She then studied for the Diploma in Social Science at the London School of Economics. She became a factory inspector in 1943.
The 1948 Children's Act created the role of "Children's Officer" and Kahan was appointed to one of these new roles in Dudley. As part of her work she opened their first Children's Home before moving to Oxford after two years.
In 1955 she married the psychologist Vladimir Kahan. In 1981 she became a "widow and a workaholic." In 1984 she began to chair the National Children's Bureau.
The Pindown Inquiry was launched by Staffordshire County Council to investigate an aggressive behaviour management policy of children in their care. The investigation was co-chaired by the children's advocate Allan Levy QC LLB and Kahan who was then chair of the National Children's Bureau) in 1990 and 1991. The inquiry, the first into residential care, led to the Quality Protects initiative, launched by the Department of Health in 1998, which sought to improve a range of childcare services.
Her friendship with Levy (whom she had not known before the inquiry) continued until her death, whilst Levy went on to chair the Vladimir and Barbara Kahan Trust. Kahan died in John Radcliffe Hospital in 2000.
# Satansnek

31°35′54.1″S 27°56′35.9″E﻿ / ﻿31.598361°S 27.943306°E﻿ / -31.598361; 27.943306 Satansnek Pass, or just Satansnek, is situated in the Eastern Cape, province of South Africa. It is traversed by the R58 road between Mthatha and Cala, Eastern Cape.

## Environment

The climate of the pass is cool and moist. It is home to numerous orchids and is the only place where wild Crocosmia masoniorum can be found.
# Sarah Murray (priest)

Sarah Elisabeth Murray (born 3 December 1970) is a British Anglican priest. Since 2017, she has served as Provost of Inverness Cathedral in the Scottish Episcopal Church.

## Early and personal life

Murray was born on 3 December 1970 in Newport, Isle of Wight, England. She was educated at St Mary's Hall, an all-girls private school in Brighton.

## Ordained ministry

Murray studied at the University of Aberdeen, graduating with a Bachelor of Theology (BTh) degree in 2012, and trained for ordination at the Theological Institute of the Scottish Episcopal Church. She was ordained as a deacon in 2013 and as a priest in 2014. From 2013 to 2016, she served as a curate in the Isla Deveron Group in the Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness.
In July 2016, Murray was installed as the Vice-Provost of the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, Inverness (commonly called Inverness Cathedral). She became Provost of Inverness Cathedral in October 2017.
# Endy, North Carolina

Endy is an unincorporated community in Stanly County, North Carolina, United States.
# Sataua

Sataua is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated at the northwestern end of the island in the district of Vaisigano. The population is 833.
# Sataudarau

Daraun is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2808 people living in 550 individual households.
# Sataspes xylocoparis

Sataspes xylocoparis, the eastern carpenter-bee hawkmoth, is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from north-eastern India, Bhutan, northern Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam and southern and eastern China. The habitat consists of shady, dense, mature hillside woodland with fast-flowing streams.
The wingspan is 52–58 mm for males and 58–70 mm for females. It is a mimic of Xylocopa carpenter bees.
It is a day-flying species. Adults feed on the nectar of various flowers.
The larvae have been recorded feeding on Dalbergia benthami in Hong Kong. Other recorded food plants include Lespedeza and Albizia lebbeck.
# Sarames the Elder

Sarames the Elder was an Iranian officer of Median origin, who served in high offices under the Sasanian king Hormizd IV (r. 579–590), possibly as the governor of a province. When Bahram Chobin rebelled against Hormizd IV, Sarames was sent to suppress his rebellion, but was defeated and captured by the latter, who had him trampled to death by elephants.

## Sources

* Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). London, United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
* Warren, Soward (24 September 2023). Theophylact Simocatta and the Persians (PDF). Sasanika.
* This Sasanian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Enniskillen, Ontario

Enniskillen is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, within Lambton County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 21 (Oil Heritage Road) and Rokeby Line. The economy of the township is based on agriculture. It was named after Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole's father who was the Earl of Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.

## Communities

The township comprises the communities of Oil City, Glen Rae and Marthaville, and surrounds but does not include the independent municipalities of Petrolia and Oil Springs.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Enniskillen had a population of 2,825 living in 1,041 of its 1,087 total private dwellings, a change of 1% from its 2016 population of 2,796. With a land area of 338.05 km$^2$ (130.52 sq mi), it had a population density of 8.4/km$^2$ (21.6/sq mi) in 2021.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 3,063 | — |
| 1931 | 2,692 | −12.1% |
| 1941 | 2,623 | −2.6% |
| 1951 | 2,511 | −4.3% |
| 1956 | 2,735 | +8.9% |
| 1961 | 2,896 | +5.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1966 | 2,892 | −0.1% |
| 1971 | 3,022 | +4.5% |
| 1976 | 3,327 | +10.1% |
| 1981 | 3,307 | −0.6% |
| 1986 | 3,165 | −4.3% |
| 1991 | 3,167 | +0.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1996 | 3,288 | +3.8% |
| 2001 | 3,259 | −0.9% |
| 2006 | 3,122 | −4.2% |
| 2011 | 2,930 | −6.1% |
| 2016 | 2,796 | −4.6% |
| 2021 | 2,825 | +1.0% |
Source: Statistics Canada :
# Satellite (Australian band)

Satellite were an Australian hard rock band, formed in 1993 by Bryce Ewing on guitar, Alex Fricke on bass guitar, Simon Grainger on guitar, Graham Scott on drums and Mia Stone on lead vocals They released two studio albums, Wicked Wanda (1995) and Feed the Monster (1996) before disbanding in 1997.

## History

Melbourne band, Satellite were formed as a hard rock quintet in 1993 by Bryce Ewing on guitar, Alex Fricke on bass guitar, Simon Grainger on guitar, Graham Scott on drums (ex-Models) and Mia Stone on lead vocals. Stone had been performing in the local music scene since the mid-1980s. She was the lead singer of Pizza Sluts, in July 1984, with Lindsay Brunsdon on drums (also in Ku Klux Frankenstein), Dave Dog on saxophone (ex-End Result), Dave Jetson on guitar and Iggy Stewart on bass guitar. Peter Tyrrell replaced Jetson on guitar. According to their sometime drummer and music journalist Ian McFarlane they provided "a jazzy brand of acid-grunge noise inspired by 1960s psychedelia and 1970s funk". The group broke up in January 1986. Stone's next band, Stone Circle included bandmates Jetson and Tyrrell together with Angela Chenoweth on bass guitar and Mark Costello on drums. This group were "playing modern acid rock" and released a single, "Fairground" in 1990 but disbanded in the following year. By that time Stone was working in Dirty Strangers, which Scott joined on drums in 1992.
McFarlane described Satellite's style, "hard-edged, gothic grunge rock". Their debut album, Wicked Wanda, was issued in July 1995, which was produced by Adam Calaitzis for Emmlos/Shock. The titular character was created by Stone as "[an] aggressive, ten-armed... subversive" version of Tank Girl. A comic book of Wanda's adventures, drawn by the album's cover artist and cartoonist Dillon Naylor, was included. Their second album, Feed the Monster, followed in November 1996. The group disbanded by 1997 with Stone turning to solo and side projects. One of Stone's projects, Michaela, had the singer teamed with Hugo Race (ex-the Wreckery), where she provided her "operatic blues voice backed by samples of Euro-classical music, electronic loops" and Race's guitar and organ. Ewing and Grainger were members of the Stubble Band in early 2000s.

## Members

* Bryce Ewing – guitar
* Alex Fricke – bass guitar
* Simon Grainger – guitar
* Graham Scott – drums
* Mia Stone – vocals

## Discography
### Albums

* Wicked Wanda (July 1995) – Emmlos/Shock (EMMLOS2)
* Feed the Monster (1996) – Emmlos/Shock (EMMLOS3)
# Dadrewa

Dadrewa is a village situated in Churu district of Rajasthan, India. The village is situated on the Hissar-Bikaner Highway in between Sadulpur and Taranagar. The famous Gogaji maharaj, was born at Dadrewa.
# Disraeli (disambiguation)

Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881) was a British politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Disraeli or D'Israeli may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Disraeli (play), a 1911 play by Louis N. Parker
* Disraeli (1916 film), a silent film by Charles Calvert
* Disraeli (1921 film), a silent film starring George Arliss
* Disraeli (1929 film), a film starring George Arliss
* Disraeli (TV serial), a 1978 British miniseries

## Places

* Disraeli, Quebec (city), Canada
* Disraeli, Quebec (parish), Canada
* Disraeli Glacier, Nunavut, Canada
* County of Disraeli, a cadastral unit in the Northern Territory of Australia

## People

* Benjamin D'Israeli (merchant) (1730–1816), British financier and merchant
* Coningsby Disraeli (1867–1936), British politician
* Isaac D'Israeli (1766–1848), British writer, scholar and man of letters; father of Benjamin Disraeli
* Mary Anne Disraeli (1792–1872), British peeress, wife of Benjamin Disraeli
* Disraeli Lufadeju (born 1992), English basketball player
* D'Israeli (cartoonist), pseudonym of British cartoonist Matt Brooker

## Other uses

* Disraeli (horse), a British Thoroughbred racehorse
* Disraeli Freeway, another name for part of Winnipeg Route 42, a major Canadian road
# Hiroshi Sugito

Hiroshi Sugito (杉戸 洋, Sugito Hiroshi, born 1970) is a contemporary Japanese painter who has been recognized as a part of the Tokyo-Pop movement. He specializes in Nihonga painting (literally "Japanese painting"). However, instead of the traditional scenic imagery of Nihonga, his paintings focus on abstract and recognizable elements. Oftentimes his artwork consists of dreams, altered realities and childlike fantasies. They consist of both abstract and concrete elements and are also influenced by both Eastern and Western paintings. Hiroshi Sugito is Professor for Oil-Painting at the Tokyo University of the Arts (東京藝術大学)

## Early life

Hiroshi Sugito was born in Nagoya, Japan, in 1970. In 1993 he graduated from the Aichi Prefectural University of Fine Arts and Music. He is a former student of Yoshitomo Nara (born 1959). He joined Yoshitomo in 1997 in an exhibition entitled “Over the Rainbow”.

## Work

Hiroshi Sugito’s work tends to focus on Japanese painting with a Western influence. A lot of his imagery has a sense of “Kawaii”—which means "cute" in Japanese—and intertwines this idea with a sense of weirdness or eerie displacement. “I start moving my brush like walking into the woods, away from everything, and I want words and meanings to lose their power and just fade away.

## Solo exhibitions

Sugito has had several solo exhibitions in Japan and internationally. Some of his earlier exhibitions include:
* Kind of Blue, Hakuto-sha, Nagoya, Japan
* “Hanging” GeleriaVilaca, SaoPaolo/ Paco Imperial, Rio de Janeiro
* Heaven and Hell, Hara Museum, Gunma Tokyo Station Gallery, Japan
* Paintings and Sketches, Japan Creative Center, Singapore, 2011
* Needle and Thread at Tomio Koyama Gallery Tokyo Japan, 2011
* the orange tree, Kenji Taki Gallery, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, 2012
* Crazy for Painting vol.9 Masato KOBAYASHI + Hiroshi SUGITO, gallery αM, Tokyo, Japan, 2013

## Group exhibitions

Sugito has also participated in several group exhibitions, including one with Yoshitomo Nara in 1997, titled Over the Rainbow. Other group exhibitions include Tomio Koyama Gallery, TOLOT/heuristic Shinonome, Tokyo, Japan and Birds, Beast and FlowersGalerie Zink, Berlin, Germany.
# Mississippi County

Mississippi County is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Mississippi County, Arkansas
* Mississippi County, Missouri
# Metacrangon munita

Metacrangon munita, commonly known as the coastal spinyhead, is a species of caridean shrimp native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

## Description

Male Metacrangon munita grow to a length of about 3.3 cm (1.3 in) and females to about 4.8 cm (1.9 in). The rostrum is short and rounded, and the carapace bears two median spines, one submedian spine on each side and a forward-pointing, hepatic spine just below and in front of the submedian spine. The anterior median spine is much shorter than the posterior one and does not extend as far as the eye sockets. There are five pairs of legs and the dactyl of the fifth leg is not wide and flattened. The pale brown and whitish disruptive coloration as well as the spines and bristles on the carapace make it difficult to discern the features of this shrimp.

## Distribution and habitat

This shrimp occurs in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Alaska southwards to southern California, its depth range being between 12 and 230 m (40 and 750 ft). It is found on sandy substrates.

## Ecology

This shrimp is nocturnal. A parasitic isopod sometimes attaches to its gills.
# Andrzej Munk

Andrzej Munk (16 October 1921 – 20 September 1961) was a Polish film director, screen writer and documentalist. He was one of the most influential artists of the post-Stalinist period in the People's Republic of Poland. His feature films Man on the Tracks (Człowiek na torze, 1956), Eroica (Heroism, 1958), Bad Luck (Zezowate szczęście, 1960), and Passenger (Pasażerka 1963), are considered classics of the Polish Film School developed in mid-1950s. He died as a result of a car crash in Kompina in a head-on collision with a truck.

## Life

Munk was born in Kraków in a Jewish family. Krystyna Magdalena Munk was his elder sister. Shortly before World War II (in June 1939), he graduated from a local gymnasium. During the German occupation of Poland he moved to Warsaw, where he was forced to hide. Using a false name, he worked as a construction worker. In 1944 Munk took part in the Warsaw Uprising. After the capitulation, he managed to leave the city and return to Kraków and later Kasprowy Wierch, where he started working as a janitor at the cable railway station.
After the war, Munk returned to Warsaw and joined the reopened Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology. Because of poor health he left the university and later studied law at Warsaw University. Finally he moved to Łódź, where he joined the Łódź Film and Theatre School. He graduated in 1951 and started working as a cameraman for the Polska Kronika Filmowa (Polish Film Chronicle). In this period Munk finished several short films and documents. In 1948 he joined the Polish United Workers' Party, but in 1952 was expelled for "blameworthy behaviour".

## Work

In 1956 he finished Man on the Tracks (Człowiek na torze), one of the most important Polish films of the 1950s. The following year he started giving lectures at his alma mater. In 1957 he finished Eroica, a set of two film novels on the Polish idea of heroism and virtue. In 1960 Munk finished his third film, Bad Luck (Zezowate szczęście), a tragicomical story of a Polish everyman who always finds himself in the wrong place and in the wrong time.
Munk died in a car accident near Łowicz on 20 September 1961, while on his way home from the Auschwitz concentration camp where he was shooting Passenger (Pasażerka), released in its partially complete form in 1963.
Since 1965 the Łódź Film School awards the best debut with the Andrzej Munk Film Award. During the 2001 Biennale di Venezia a retrospective festival of his films was organized in Venice.