OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laser-assisted device alteration

Laser-assisted device alteration (LADA) is a laser-based timing analysis technique used in the failure analysis of semiconductor devices. The laser is used to temporarily alter the operating characteristics of transistors on the device.

## Theory of operation

The LADA technique targets a variable power continuous wave (CW) laser at specific device transistors. The laser is typically of a short wavelength variety on the order of 1064 nm. This allows the laser to generate photo carriers in the silicon without resulting in localized heating of the device. The LADA technique is somewhat similar in execution to the Soft Defect Localization (SDL) technique, except that SDL uses a longer wavelength laser (1340 nm) in order to induce localized heating rather than generate photo carriers. Both techniques require the device to be scanned with a laser while it is under active stimulation by the tester.
The device being tested is electrically stimulated and the device output is monitored. This technique is applied to the back side of the semiconductor device, thereby allowing direct access of the laser to the device active diffusion regions. The effect of the laser on the active transistor region is to generate a localized photocurrent. This photocurrent is a temporary effect and only occurs during the time that the laser is stimulating the target region. The creation of this photocurrent alters the transistor operating parameters, which may be observed as a change in function of the device. The effect of this change in parameters may be to speed up or slow down the operation of the device. This makes LADA a suitable technique for determining critical timing paths within a semiconductor circuit.
The laser has differing effects on NMOS and PMOS transistors. In the case of NMOS, the transistor will turn on. For PMOS, however, the effect is to lower the transistor threshold voltage. The effect on the PMOS transistor becomes proportionately stronger as the laser power is increased. The effect is to either increase or decrease the speed of the device being tested.
Setup for a LADA analysis involves connecting the device to a test stimulus. The test parameters for operating voltage and device speed are then adjusted to place the device into a state which borders on a pass–fail or fail–pass transition. It is useful to use a tester Shmoo plot to select the appropriate operating conditions. The effect of scanning the laser over sensitive regions is to trip the device from a pass into a fail condition, or from a fail into a pass condition.

### Applications

LADA is useful for confirming or disproving an existing theory for the cause of failure. It may be used to confirm suspected transistor leakage or bus noise. It has also found wide use in localizing process defects as the LADA effect easily modulates transistor characteristics in the same path as the process defect.
LADA has been used to analyze failures in domino logic, state elements in memories and leakage.
# Liam Bond

Liam Bond (born 29 July 1970) is a Welsh professional golfer.

## Professional career

Despite turning professional in 1986 while still in his mid-teens, Bond spent many years working as an assistant club professional, and didn't attempt to qualify for the European Tour until 1995. He won his own national championship in 1998, and finished 11th on the recently formed PGA EuroPro Tour in 2003, but didn't qualify for the second-tier Challenge Tour until 2007, when he was 36. His debut season at this level was successful, recording a runner-up finish in his second tournament and ending the year ranked 31st. He never bettered either achievement in the three subsequent years, but enjoyed steady seasons. At the end of 2010, Bond finally qualified for the European Tour for the first time at the age of 40, on his 15th visit to the qualifying school.

## Professional wins (4)
### EuroPro Tour wins (2)

* 1999 MasterCard Tour Championship
* 2000 PGA Europro Tour Championship

### Other wins (2)

* 1998 Welsh PGA Championship
* 2006 Beko Classic (Turkey)

## Playoff record

Challenge Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2007 | Tessali-Metaponto Open di Puglia e Basilicata | Michael Hoey | Lost to birdie on first extra hole |
# 1854 in Canada

Events from the year 1854 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* Monarch — Victoria

### Federal government

* Parliament — 4th then 5th

### Governors

* Governor General of the Province of Canada — James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, Edmund Walker Head
* Colonial Governor of Newfoundland — Charles Henry Darling
* Governor of New Brunswick — Edmund Walker Head, John Manners-Sutton
* Governor of Nova Scotia — John Gaspard Le Marchant
* Governor of Prince Edward Island — Dominick Daly

### Premiers

* Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada —
** Francis Hincks, Canada West Premier
** Augustin-Norbert Morin, Canada East Premier
* Premier of New Brunswick — Charles Fisher
* Premier of Nova Scotia — James Boyle Uniacke
* Premier of Prince Edward Island — John Holl

## Events

* January 27 – The Great Western Railway opens, linking Toronto, Hamilton and Windsor.
* June 6 – The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty is signed.
* October 27 – A Great Western Railway passenger train collides with the tail end of gravel train at Baptiste Creek, Canada West. At least 52 people are killed.
* Establishment of the African Baptist Association of Nova Scotia.
* St. Joseph's Academy for Young Ladies, later to be known as St. Joseph's College School, was founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto.
* Sale of the Clergy Reserves in Canada West marking the end of any form of established religion in Canada.

## Births

* April 13 – William Henry Drummond, poet (died 1907)
* May 21 – Edward Gawler Prior, mining engineer, politician and Premier of British Columbia (died 1920)
* June 8 – Douglas Colin Cameron, politician and Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (died 1921)
* June 26 – Robert Borden, lawyer, politician and 8th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1937)
* August 29 – Arthur Peters, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (died 1908)
* September 1 – James Alexander Lougheed, businessman and politician (died 1925)

## Deaths

* January 20 – Denis-Benjamin Papineau, joint premier of the Province of Canada (born 1789)
* September 19 – Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet, army officer and colonial administrator (born 1784)
# Love My Life (song)

"Love My Life" is a song by British singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, released as the second single from his eleventh studio album The Heavy Entertainment Show (2016). The single was released in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2016. The song was written by Williams, Johnny McDaid, and Gary Go. It was produced by McDaid with additional production by Go and Jonny Coffer. It topped the charts in Slovakia and Slovenia.

## Background

During his appearance on RTL Late Night on 2 November 2016, Williams said that the song was "about positivity and making the most of your life. I have a son called Charlton Valentine and a daughter called Theodora Rose Williams. I have been to rehab twice and had lots of therapy. I realised that what happens to you when you become older is because of you when you were a kid. So this song is about hope and spreading positivity instead of negativity."

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 200,000$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 10,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# 1988 WTA Singapore Open

The 1988 Singapore Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Singapore and was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1988 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 18 April through 24 April 1988. Unseeded Monique Javer won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Monique Javer defeated Leila Meskhi 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–3
* It was Javer's only title of the year and the 1st of her career.

### Doubles

Natalia Bykova / Natalia Medvedeva defeated Leila Meskhi / Svetlana Parkhomenko 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–3
* It was Bykova's 2nd title of the year and the 2nd of her career. It was Medvedeva's only title of the year and the 1st of her career.
# Inherit (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The A.V. Club | B− link |
| Allmusic | link |
| Aversion | link |
| Crawdaddy! | favorable link |
| Pitchfork Media | 5.7/10 link |
| PopMatters | 6/10 link |
| The Skinny | link |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | link |
Inherit is the third studio album by the American band Free Kitten, released on May 20, 2008. It was their first album in over ten years, the last being 1997's Sentimental Education. Dinosaur Jr.'s J Mascis appears on two songs on this album, "Surf's Up", and "Bananas".

## Track listing

* "Erected Girl" – 6:45
* "Surf's Up" – 3:39
* "Seasick" – 3:24
* "Free Kitten on the Mountain" – 7:51
* "Roughshod" – 1:28
* "Help Me" – 1:45
* "The Poet" – 3:41
* "Billboard" – 2:37
* "Bananas" – 2:49
* "Monster Eye" – 11:32
* "Sway" – 3:51

## Personnel

* Free Kitten
** Kim Gordon – vocals, guitar
** Julie Cafritz – vocals, guitar
** Yoshimi P-We – drums, guitar on "Sway"
* J Mascis – additional guitar on "Surf's Up", drums on "Bananas"
* Justin Pizzoferrato – producer, mixer, recorder
* John Golden – mastering at Golden Mastering
# Sychnovalva syrrhapta

Sychnovalva syrrhapta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina.
# List of compositions by Maria Szymanowska

This list of compositions by Maria Szymanowska is divided into three sections: Published Works; Unpublished Works; and Uncertain Authorships, Fragments, and Arrangements. Published and Unpublished Works are further divided into works for solo keyboard, voice and piano accompaniment, and chamber works. Dates or approximate dates of published works are provided.

## Published works
### Works for solo keyboard

* Caprice sur la Romance de Joconde (et l’on revient toujours) pour le pianoforte (1819)
* Cotillon ou Valse Figurée pour le piano [1824]
* Danse polonaise: pour le piano dédié à Monsieur Baillot (c.1825)
* Dix-huit Danses de différent genre pour le piano-forte (1819)
* Douze exercices: pour le piano (c.1825)
* Fantaisie pour le Pianoforte (c.1820)
* Grande Valse pour le pianoforte à quatre mains (c.1820)
* Le Murmure Nocturne pour le piano composé et arrangé à trios mains in A flat (c.1819)
* Nocturne in B flat
* Polonaise pour le pianoforte sur l’air national favori du feu Prince Joseph Poniatowsky (1820)
* Polonese (1825)
* Romance de Monsieur le Prince Alexander Galitzin arrangée pour le Pianoforte (c.1820)
* Six Marches pour le pianoforte (c.1819)
* Six Menuets Pour le pianoforte (1819)
* Six valses a trois mains pour le Piano Forte [1832]
* Twenty-four Mazurkas, or National Polish Dances (1826)
* Valses à trois mains pour le piano forte (c.1820)
* Vingt Exercices et Préludes pour le pianoforte (1819)

### Works for voice and piano accompaniment

* Complainte d’un aveugle qui demandait l’aumône au Jardin des plantes à Paris (c.182?)
* Jadwiga, królowa polska (1816)
* Jan Albrycht (1816)
* Duma o kniaziu Michale Glińskim (1816)
* Le chant de la Vilia (1829)
* Le Départ. Romance (paroles de Cervantes, traduites par Florian) mise en Musique (1819)
* Pieśń z Wieży (1828)
* Romance à Josephine [n.d.]
* Se spiegar potessi oh Dio [n.d.]
* Six Romances avec accompaniment de piano-forte (c.1820)
* Śpiewka na dwa głosy. “Ah! jakiż to piękny kwiatek” (1829)
* Śpiewka na powrót Woysk Polskich. “Nie będę łez ronić” Mazurka (1822)
* Świtezianka (c.1829)
* Trzy śpiewy z poematu Adama Mickiewicza Wallenrod (1828)
* Wilija naszych strumieni rodzica (c.1830)

### Chamber works

* Divertissement pour le pianoforte avec accompagnement de violon (1820)
* Sérénade pour le Pianoforte avec accompagnement de Violoncelle (1820)
* Thème varié (1821)

## Unpublished works
### Works for solo keyboard

* Bacchelia
* Contredance Le Philis
* Marche pas redouble pour le piano-forte
* Preludium B-dur
* Romance de la Reine Hortense
* Temat Wariacji b-moll

### Works for voice and piano accompaniment

* Kaźimierz Wielki
* Stefan Czarniecki

### Chamber works

* Fanfara dwugłosowa na dwa rogi lub dwie trąbki [for two horns]

## Uncertain authorships, fragments, arrangements

* Jazmena (vocal part only)
* Pieśń na głos z fortepianem (possibly by Kazimiera Wołowska)
* Three arrangements of Polish folksongs: Coś tak oczki zapłakała (Mazurek), O ia mazur rodowity (Mazurek), Błysło słonko na Zachodzie
# Hepatocystis taiwanensis

Hepatocystis taiwanensis is a species of parasitic protozoa. They are transmitted by flies of the genus Culicoides and infect monkeys.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1941 by Yokogawa in Formosan rock macaque (Macaca cyclopis). It was reclassified as a species of Hepatocystis by Garnham in 1951.

## Distribution

This species is found in Taiwan.

## Hosts

This species infects Formosan rock macacque (Macaca cyclopis).
# K. A. Jayapal

K. A. Jayapal (born 7 March 1955) is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Nagapattinam constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) party.
Jayapal was appointed as the Minister for Fisheries in the Government of Tamil Nadu after the 2011 state assembly elections. He was district secretary of the AIADMK's unit in Nagapattinam until Jayalalithaa, the then Chief Minister and party leader, replaced him with O. S. Manian in April 2016. He was not selected by the party to contest the 2016 state assembly elections, in common with over 100 other sitting AIADMK MLAs. Jayalalithaa had decided to reward people who had shifted their support to the AIADMK from the Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Pattali Makkal Katchi.
In February 2017, Jayapal switched his support from V. K. Sasikala to O. Paneerselvam in a tortuous power-struggle for control the party following the death of Jayalalithaa. He was among those whom Sasikala then expelled for "anti-party activities".

## Personal life

Jayapal was born on 7 March 1955 in Akkaraipet, where he later served as the panchayat president for 1996–2001. He has a BCom degree and is married with three children.
# Nokia 3300

The Nokia 3300 is a mobile phone announced on March 11, 2003 as the successor of Nokia 5510. It was marketed primarily as a music playing phone.
They are relatively rare and today go for high prices in the second hand market.

## Design

Unlike most traditional designs, the 3300 has a display roughly in the center of the front panel with a numeric keypad to the right, a controller pad to the left and the call/end and selection keys to the bottom. The covers are interchangeable, allowing the handset to be personalised to some extent. The 3300 bears strong design similarities to the Nokia N-Gage which was introduced before it, but released long after the 3300.
Nokia also made a variant of the phone for the North American market. Compared to the Eurasian version, the 3300b utilizes a QWERTY keyboard and runs on GSM 850/1900 networks.

## Features

The Nokia 3300 supports MP3 and AAC audio and comes with an FM radio, and it can also be used as a digital voice recorder. Included in the standard package is a 64MB MMC memory card for storing data. GPRS data is supported, the display is a 128 x 128 pixel CSTN panel.
# List of films set around Father's Day

This is a list of films set on or around Father's Day.

## Crime

* Underworld (1996) - an American mob film in which a mobster attempts to solve his father's murder and settle scores on Father's Day

## Drama

* Jam (2006), an American film about how various characters spend Father's Day

## Horror

* "Father's Day" (1982), a segment of the horror anthology film Creepshow in which a father is killed by his daughter on Father's Day
* Stepfather III (1992), an American slasher film that begins on Easter Sunday and ends on Father's Day
* Father's Day (2011), an American-Canadian action-horror comedy film featuring a character known as the Father's Day Killer
* Knock Knock (2015), an American horror film in which a man stays home alone on Father's Day weekend
* "Father's Day" (2016), a segment of the American horror anthology film Holidays
# Sychnomerus barbiger

Sychnomerus barbiger is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885.
# List of courts in Northern Ireland
## Central courts
### Royal Courts of Justice

The Royal Courts of Justice are situated in lower Chichester Street, Belfast opposite the Waterfront Hall and beside Laganside Courts. It is the location of the high court and court of appeal of Northern Ireland.

### Laganside Courts

The Laganside Courts are situated in Oxford Street in the centre of Belfast opposite the Waterfront Hall and beside the Royal Courts of Justice. They house the Crown Court, county courts, magistrates' courts, Youth Court, family proceedings courts, the Fixed Penalty Office, Civil Processing Centre and Fine Recovery Team.

## County courts

* Antrim Courthouse
* Armagh Courthouse
* Ballymena Courthouse
* Coleraine Courthouse
* Craigavon Courthouse
* Downpatrick Courthouse
* Dungannon Courthouse
* Enniskillen Courthouse
* Limavady Courthouse
* Lisburn Courthouse
* Londonderry Courthouse
* Magherafelt Courthouse
* Newry Courthouse
* Newtownards Courthouse
* Omagh Courthouse
* Strabane Courthouse
# Latin Rendezvous

Latin Rendezvous is an album by Mantovani and His Orchestra. It was released in 1963 by Decca Records (catalog nos. LK-4528 and PS-295). It debuted on Billboard magazine's pop album chart on June 1, 1963, peaked at the No. 10 spot, and remained on the chart for 13 weeks.
The album was later reissued on compact disc in combination with a subsequent Mantovani album, "Mantovani Ole" (1965). AllMusic gave the combined release a rating of four-and-a-half stars.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| New Record Mirror | |

## Track listing

Side A
* "Malaguena"
* "Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps"
* "Be Mine Tonight"
* "Cielito Lindo"
* "La Paloma"
* "Siboney"
Side B
* "A Garden in Granada"
* "Perfidia (Tonight)"
* "Andalucia"
* "Andalucia"
* "La Golondrina"
* "Maria Elena"
* "Espana"
# Liangsan

Liangsan (simplified Chinese: 凉伞镇; traditional Chinese: 涼傘鎮; pinyin: Liángsǎn Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 32,300 and an area of 268.07-square-kilometre (103.50 sq mi). The town is bordered to the north by Cengong County and Yuping Dong Autonomous County, to the east by Linchong Town and Fuluo Town, to the south by Pingdi Town of Tianzhu County, and to the west by Xuedong Town of Sansui County.

## History

In the Tang dynasty, it was the capital of Huangzhou (Chinese: 晃州). In the Republic of China, the Liangsan Township was established and then renamed "Liangzhi Township" (Chinese: 凉知乡). In 1953 it was upgraded to a town. In 1956 it was demoted as a township. In 2000 was upgraded to a town again. In October 2015, Dengzhai Township (Chinese: 凳寨乡), Chaping Township (Chinese: 茶坪乡) and Huanglei Township (Chinese: 黄雷乡) were merged into the town.

## Geography

The West River (Chinese: 西溪) winds through the town.
The Liuping Reservoir (Chinese: 刘坪水库) is the largest body of water in the town.
There are a number of popular mountains located immediately adjacent to the townsite which include Mount Meiyanpo (美岩坡; 1,101.5-metre (3,614 ft); Mount Gaolaopo (高佬坡; 1,106-metre (3,629 ft)) and Mount Dengyun (登云山; 936-metre (3,071 ft)).

## Economy

The local economy is primarily based upon agriculture and local industry. The main specialties include rape, corn, potatoes, umbrellas, umbrellas, tofu.

## Attractions

The Bajiangkou Hot Spring (Chinese: 八江口温泉) is a famous scenic spot in the town.
# Hepatocystis epomophori

Hepatocystis epomophori is a species of parasitic protozoa. They are transmitted by flies of the genus Culicoides and infect mammals.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1926 by Jean Rodhain.

## Description

This species is similar to Hepatocystis brosseti and Hepatocystis carpenteri.

## Distribution

This species is found in the Congo Basin.

## Hosts

This species infects the fruit bat (Epomorphorus gambianus).
# KAT6B

K(lysine) acetyltransferase 6B (KAT6B) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KAT6B gene.

## Interactions

KAT6B has been shown to interact with RUNX2.

## Clinical significance

It has been demonstrated that de novo mutations in the gene KAT6B causes Young–Simpson syndrome and genitopatellar syndrome.
# Nodar Akhalkatsi

Nodar Akhalkatsi (Georgian: ნოდარ ახალკაცი; 2 January 1938 – 24 January 1998) was a professional football manager from Georgia.

## Coaching career

Akhalkatsi coached Soviet club Dinamo Tbilisi to the USSR league championship in 1978, with a side that contained the likes of David Kipiani, Ramaz Shengelia, Vitaly Daraselia, Tengiz Sulakvelidze and Aleksandr Chivadze, all of whom were regular Soviet internationals. The team were renowned for their swashbuckling style of football and attack-minded approach.
The following year, Dinamo entered the European Cup and stunned the reigning champions Liverpool with an impressive 3–0 win in the first round. However, they were eliminated by West German side Hamburg in their next tie.
Two years later, Akhalkatsi enjoyed his finest moment as a manager when he guided Dinamo to victory in the 1981 Cup Winners' Cup final, beating East German outfit Carl Zeiss Jena in Düsseldorf's Rheinstadion. Dinamo had won the 1979 Soviet Cup to gain admittance to the competition, beating FC Dynamo Moscow on penalties in the final.
Akhalkatsi was a member of USSR manager Konstantin Beskov's coaching staff at the 1982 World Cup in Spain, forming a three-man technical team with Beskov and Dynamo Kiev's coach Valeriy Lobanovskyi.

## After retirement

In the early 1990s, Akhalkatsi was one of the integral figures in the formation of the Georgian Football Federation after the republic achieved independence from the USSR. He was the organisation's president from 1990 to 1998.
He died of a heart attack on his way to Tbilisi Airport, from where he intended to fly to Moscow to participate in the CIS Cup, on 24 January 1998, aged 60. In 2008, for his contributions to association football, Akhalkatsi became the recipient (posthumously) of the FIFA Order of Merit, the highest honour awarded by FIFA.
His son, Nodar Akhalkatsi junior, was the president of the Georgian Football Federation from June 2005 to September 2009.

## Honours
### Manager

Dinamo Tbilisi
* Soviet Top League
** Winner (1): 1978
** Runner-up (1): 1977
* Soviet Cup
** Winner (2): 1976, 1979
** Runner-up (1): 1980
* UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
** Winner (1): 1980–81