OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nano (cryptocurrency)

Nano (Abbreviation: XNO) is a cryptocurrency characterized by a directed acyclic graph data structure and distributed ledger, making it possible for Nano to work without intermediaries. To agree on what transactions to commit (i.e., achieving consensus), it uses a voting system with weight based on the amount of currency an account holds.
Nano was launched in October 2015 by Colin LeMahieu to address the Bitcoin scalability problem and was created to reduce confirmation times and fees. The currency implements no-fee transactions and achieves confirmation in under one second.

## History

Colin LeMahieu started the development of Nano in 2014 under the name "RaiBlocks". A year later, RaiBlocks was distributed for free through a captcha-secured faucet. In 2017, after 126,248,289 RaiBlocks were distributed, the faucet shut down. This fixed the total supply to 133,248,297 RaiBlocks, after addition of a 7,000,000 RaiBlocks developer fund. RaiBlocks was rebranded as Nano in 2018.

### BitGrail hack

On February 9, 2018, an Italian cryptocurrency exchange BitGrail announced its hack and eventual shutdown. Users were prevented from accessing assets stored on the platform, which was collectively worth 17 million Nano. The victims then launched a class-action lawsuit against BitGrail owner Francesco Firano for recoupment, inside the Florence Courthouse. The exchange was ruled to be guilty in January 2019, as it was found to fail at implementing safeguards and reporting losses. The Italian police branch Network Operations Command (Italy) alleged the Bitgrail founder had conducted fraud. Nano prices had been around $10 prior to the hack and after the hack fell to $1.

## Design

Nano uses a block-lattice data structure, where every account has its own blockchain for storing transactions. It is the first cryptocurrency to use a directed acyclic graph data structure, by having a "block" consisting of only one transaction and the account's current balance.
Nano's consensus algorithm is similar to proof of stake. In this system, the voting weight is distributed to accounts based on the amount of Nano they hold; accounts then freely delegate this weight to a peer (node) of their choice.
If two contradictory transactions are broadcast to the network, indicating a double-spend attempt, nodes will vote for both transactions and broadcast their vote to the other nodes. The first transaction to reach 67% of the total voting weight is confirmed, while the other is considered invalid.
# Naomi Uman

Naomi Uman is an American and Mexican experimental filmmaker and a visual artist. Uman received an MFA in Filmmaking from CalArts in 1998. Uman's work is often "marked by her signature handmade aesthetic, often shooting, hand-processing and editing her films with the most rudimentary of practices." She was once private chef to Gloria Vanderbilt, Malcolm Forbes, and Calvin Klein. Her award-winning films have screened widely at major international festivals as well as the Guggenheim Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City.

## Filmography

* Love of 3 Oranges (1993)
* Grass (1997)
* Leche (1998)
* Removed (1999)
* Private Movie (2000)
* Developing Memory (2002)
* Hand Eye Coordination (2002)
* Clay (2008)
* Coda (2008)
* Kalendar (2008)
* On This Day (2008)
* Unnamed Film (2008)

## Awards

Uman was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship for Film, US & Canada in 2002. In 2008 she was awarded a Media Arts Fellowship by Tribeca Film Institute.
# Nafindioul

Nafindioul is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Nant Llwydiarth

The Nant Llwydiarth is a small river in Mid Wales. It flows from the southern flank of Mynydd Hendre-ddu down to Pont Cymerau, north-east of Aberllefenni. Here it joins the Nant Ceiswyn to form the Afon Dulas that flows south to the Afon Dyfi. There was an ancient bridge at Pont Cymerau.
# Naresh Chandra Chaki

Naresh Chandra Chaki was an Indian politician belonging to All India Trinamool Congress. He was elected as a legislator in West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Ranaghat Dakshin in 1972 and from Chakdaha in 2011. He died of cancer on 24 February 2014 at the age of 79.
# Judith Colton

Judith Colton is an American historian of art who is a professor emerita at Yale University. One of her best known works is The Parnasse Franc̈ois: Titon Du Tillet and the Origins of the Monument to Genius (1979), a study of Évrard Titon du Tillet.

## Background

Colton did her undergraduate studies at Smith College, graduating in 1963, and earned master's and doctoral degrees from the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University in 1965 and 1974 respectively. She joined the Yale faculty in 1973, and retired in 2006.
She was a long-term companion of English art historian Michael Kitson, who died in 1998.

## Works

In the 1970s, Colton conducted research into Queen Caroline and British aristocracy, and published papers such as "Kent's Hermitage for Queen Caroline at Richmond" in Architectura (1974), and "Merlin's Cave and Queen Caroline: Garden Art as Political Propaganda" in Eighteenth-Century Studies (1976).
One of her best known works is The Parnasse Franc̈ois: Titon Du Tillet and the Origins of the Monument to Genius (1979), a study of Évrard Titon du Tillet. In 1987 she was a contributor to the book A Taste for Angels: Neapolitan Painting in North America: 1650-1750, which included commentary on late Baroque painter and printmaker Luca Giordano.

## Selected publications

* "The Endymion Myth and Poussin's Detroit Painting", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 30: 426–431, 1967, doi:10.2307/750763, JSTOR 750763.
* "Kent's hermitage for Queen Caroline at Richmond", Architectura, 4: 181–191, 1974
* "Merlin's Cave and Queen Caroline: Garden Art as Political Propaganda", Eighteenth-Century Studies, 10 (1): 1–20, 1976, doi:10.2307/2737814, JSTOR 2737814. Winner of the James L. Clifford Prize of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies for 1977–1978.
* The Parnasse François: Titon du Tillet and the Origins of the Monument to Genius. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1979.
* A Taste for Angels: Neapolitan Painting in North America, 1650–1750, eds. J. Colton and G. Hersey. New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1987.
# Judo in Yukon

The Japanese martial art judo has been practised in Yukon, Canada since at least 1950.

## History

Judo was introduced to Canada in the early twentieth century by Japanese migrants, and the first dojo was established in Vancouver by Shigetaka Sasaki in 1924. It was initially limited to British Columbia, but spread throughout the country following the forced expulsion, internment, and resettlement of Japanese-Canadians after Japan entered the Second World War in 1941.
It is difficult to determine when judo was first introduced to Yukon, but it was taught to members of the Forest Girl Guards and Junior Forest Wardens as part of their physical education in 1950, and courses were offered at the Whitehorse Gymnasium in 1953. The first dedicated judo club was the Keno Hill Judo Club in Elsa, founded in 1960 by Laurie Wayman, who had earned his nidan (second dan) at the Budokwai in London, England, and received financial support from the Budokwai to purchase mats. It is likely that Wayman was an employee of United Keno Hill Mines Ltd., given that many club members were employees and Wayman's successor as instructor, Fred Thode, was a Project Engineer for the company. At its peak, the club had 100 members.
The Whitehorse Judo Club was established at the Takhini Recreation Centre by Mike Waddell for members of the armed forces who were stationed in the city. By 1961 George Takahashi, a student of Thode, was in charge of the club. Chuck MacKenzie, one of Takahashi's students, founded his own club at the Whitehorse Elementary School in 1964, and went on to be Yukon's most successful judoka: he won the 1963 Yukon Judo Championships in the junior heavyweight division, won two gold ulus at the 1972 Arctic Winter Games, and was the first judoka from the Yukon to compete in the Senior National Championships, with George Peary as his coach. MacKenzie was inducted into the Sport Yukon Hall of Fame in 1982.
The Yukon Kodokan Black Belt Association was established as the judo governing body for the territory in 1974, and was replaced by Judo Yukon in 1996.

## Competition

The 1973 Canadian National Judo Championships were held in Whitehorse.
# Judo at the 2000 Summer Paralympics – Men's 73 kg

The men's 73 kg judo event at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.

## Main round

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| Ravkhat Atnabaev (RUS) | Ravkhat Atnabaev (RUS) | 0000S | | | | | | | | | |
| Michael Doyle (IRL) | Michael Doyle (IRL) | 1001 | Michael Doyle (IRL) | Michael Doyle (IRL) | 0001 | | | | | | |
| | | | Gerald Rollo (FRA) | Gerald Rollo (FRA) | 1010S | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Gerald Rollo (FRA) | Gerald Rollo (FRA) | 0000S | | | |
| Matteo Ardit (ITA) | Matteo Ardit (ITA) | 0000S | | | | Stephen Moore (USA) | Stephen Moore (USA) | 0031 | | | |
| Pier Morten (CAN) | Pier Morten (CAN) | 1001 | Pier Morten (CAN) | Pier Morten (CAN) | 0000 | | | | | | |
| | | | Stephen Moore (USA) | Stephen Moore (USA) | 0200 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Stephen Moore (USA) | Stephen Moore (USA) | 1020S |
| Ratu Tevita Susu (FIJ) | Ratu Tevita Susu (FIJ) | 0120 | | | | | | | Cui Baoji (CHN) | Cui Baoji (CHN) | 0001C |
| Andres Santana (ESP) | Andres Santana (ESP) | 1100 | Andres Santana (ESP) | Andres Santana (ESP) | 1001S | | | | | | |
| | | | Michael Esser (GER) | Michael Esser (GER) | 0001S | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Andres Santana (ESP) | Andres Santana (ESP) | 0010 | | | |
| Cui Baoji (CHN) | Cui Baoji (CHN) | 1000 | | | | Cui Baoji (CHN) | Cui Baoji (CHN) | 1000 | | | |
| Manop Takhiankham (THA) | Manop Takhiankham (THA) | 0000 | Cui Baoji (CHN) | Cui Baoji (CHN) | 1000 | | | | | | |
| | | | Kostyantyn Kalugaryanu (UKR) | Kostyantyn Kalugaryanu (UKR) | 0000 | | | | | | |

## Repechage

| First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Bronze medal matches | Bronze medal matches |
| | | Michael Doyle (IRL) | 0000 | Pier Morten (CAN) | 0210C |
| | | Pier Morten (CAN) | 0000 G | Andres Santana (ESP) | 0010K |
| Ratu Tevita Susu (FIJ) | 0000C | | | | |
| Michael Esser (GER) | 1010 | Michael Esser (GER) | 0231 | Michael Esser (GER) | 0001S |
| Manop Takhiankham (THA) | 1000 | Manop Takhiankham (THA) | 0010 | Gerald Rollo (FRA) | 0031S |
| Kostyantyen Kalugaryanu (UKR) | 0001 | | | | |
# Nannoor

Nannoor is a place near Vallamkulam in Thiruvalla Taluk Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. The name Nannoor derived from Nalla-ooru which means 'good place' in English. Nannoor Devi Temple and Puthen kavu mala Temple, Karthika Nair Memorial Building, National High School etc. are in Nannoor. The place have a number of schools and hospitals.
# Jukka Laamanen

Jukka Laamanen (born October 4, 1976) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who currently plays for HPK in the SM-liiga.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1993–94 | SaPKo U20 | U20 I-divisioona | 23 | 6 | 17 | 23 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | SaPKo U20 | U20 I-divisioona | 9 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | SaPKo | I-Divisioona | 40 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 28 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| 1995–96 | JYP U20 | U20 SM-liiga | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 1995–96 | JyP HT | SM-liiga | 36 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | Diskos | I-Divisioona | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | SaPKo | I-Divisioona | 43 | 5 | 31 | 36 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | SaPKo | I-Divisioona | 34 | 6 | 15 | 21 | 59 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1998–99 | SaPKo | I-Divisioona | 46 | 6 | 26 | 32 | 82 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Tappara | SM-liiga | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Kokkolan Hermes | I-Divisioona | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2000–01 | Jukurit | Mestis | 31 | 5 | 20 | 25 | 46 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Ilves | SM-liiga | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | Porin Ässät | SM-liiga | 53 | 8 | 21 | 29 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | Ilves | SM-liiga | 55 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Ilves | SM-liiga | 56 | 10 | 11 | 21 | 52 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 |
| 2004–05 | HPK | SM-liiga | 55 | 15 | 21 | 36 | 88 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| 2005–06 | HPK | SM-liiga | 55 | 13 | 19 | 32 | 86 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 12 |
| 2006–07 | Oulun Kärpät | SM-liiga | 55 | 10 | 26 | 36 | 96 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
| 2007–08 | Oulun Kärpät | SM-liiga | 52 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 62 | 15 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 10 |
| 2008–09 | HPK | SM-liiga | 52 | 9 | 15 | 24 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2009–10 | HPK | SM-liiga | 58 | 12 | 19 | 31 | 84 | 17 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 18 |
| 2010–11 | HPK | SM-liiga | 53 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2011–12 | HPK | SM-liiga | 57 | 7 | 16 | 23 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| SM-liiga totals | SM-liiga totals | SM-liiga totals | 644 | 112 | 200 | 312 | 812 | 74 | 9 | 28 | 37 | 80 |
# Julian Le Grand

Sir Julian Ernest Michael Le Grand, FBA FRSA (born 29 May 1945) is a British academic specialising in public policy. He is the Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy at the London School of Economics (LSE) and was a senior policy advisor to former Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Le Grand is the author, co-author or editor of seventeen books and over ninety articles on economics, philosophy and public policy. One of his books, Motivation, Agency and Public Policy: Of Knights and Knaves, Pawns and Queens, was described by The Economist as "accessible – and profound" and by The Times as "one of the most important books on public policy in recent years". He was one of Prospect magazine's 100 top British public intellectuals, and one of the ESRC's ten Heroes of Dissemination.
He is one of the principal architects of the UK Government's current ‘quasi-market’ reforms introducing choice and competition into health care and education. In addition, he originated and developed several innovative ideas in social policy, including one that became the ‘baby bond’ or Child Trust Fund, the Partnership Scheme for funding long term care endorsed by the 2005 Wanless Report Securing Good Care for Older People, the Educational Premium for the less well off and for looked after children, and the Social Care Practice in the 2006 Department for Education and Skills Green Paper, Care Matters.
Le Grand was one of the signatories of a letter published in The Guardian on 15 April 2008, which criticised the UK Government's "retreat in the face of a rightwing challenge over inheritance tax". Le Grand and his co-authors argued that inheritance tax "is one of the few tools which directly reduces inherited inequalities."
In 2014 he was a member of the Commission on the Future of Health and Social Care in England for the King's Fund, chaired by Kate Barker which delivered its final report in September. He subsequently denounced the proposal of increasing NHS charges, which he described as a zombie idea.

## Honours

In 2006 Le Grand was awarded an honorary doctorate (D.Litt.) by the University of Sussex.
In 2007 Le Grand was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
In 2012, Le Grand was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA).
In the 2015 New Year Honours, he was knighted 'for services to social science and public service'.

## Works

He has written widely, including:
* The Economics of Social Problems, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID=280559
* The Other Invisible Hand: Delivering Public Services Through Choice and Competition, Princeton University Press, 2007
* Motivation, Agency and Public Policy: Of Knights and Knaves, Pawns and Queens, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 208, ISBN 0-19-926699-9, OCLC 52193481 – argues in favor of increasing tax choice
* "Health, Values & Social Policy". In Ann Oakley & Jonathan Barker, Private Complaints & Public Health, Policy Press, 2004
* Quasi-Markets and Social Policy (Ed with Will Bartlett), Macmillan, 1993
* Market Socialism (Ed with Saul Estrin), Clarendon Press, 1989
# Nasr area

Al-Nasr is one of the areas of the Greater Amman Municipality, Jordan.
# Naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase

Naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.232, NOMT) (full systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(2S)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone 7-O-methyltransferase) is a methyltransferase isolated from rice, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of sakuranetin.
This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
    S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (2S)-naringenin $\rightleftharpoons$ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (2S)-sakuranetin
While the enzyme is not present in healthy rice leaves, it can be induced by treatment with ultraviolet radiation, jasmonic acid and copper chloride.
# Juhan

Juhan (Estonian pronunciation:) is a common Estonian male given name.

## Given name

* Juhan Aare (1948–2021), Estonian journalist and politician
* Juhan Aavik (1884–1982), Estonian composer
* Juhan Mihkel Ainson (1873–1962), Estonian politician
* Juhan af Grann (1944–2023, Heikki Juhani Grann), Finnish film director and producer
* Juhan Jaanuson (1894–1967), Estonian statistician and politician
* Juhan Jaik (1899–1948), Estonian writer and journalist
* Juhan Kalm (1884–1953), Estonian agronomist and politician
* Juhan Kikas (1892–1944, also known as Jaan Kikkas), Estonian weightlifter
* Juhan Kivirähk (born 1957), Estonian sociologist
* Juhan Kreem (born 1971), Estonian historian, writer, and archivist
* Juhan Kukk (1885–1942), Estonian politician
* Juhan Kunder (1852–1888), Estonian writer
* Juhan Kurvits (1895–1939), Estonian politician
* Juhan Lasn (1861–1930), Estonian politician
* Juhan Leeman (1872-19??), Estonian politician and educator
* Juhan Leinberg (1812–1885), Estonian religious leader, also known as prophet Maltsvet
* Juhan Liiv (1864–1913), Estonian poet
* Juhan Luiga (1873–1927), Estonian psychiatrist, author, publicist, and politician
* Juhan Albert Luur (1883–1937), Estonian politician
* Juhan Maaker (1845–1930), Estonian folk musician
* Juhan Maiste (born 1952), Estonian art historian and professor
* Juhan Mettis (born 1990), Estonian judoka
* Juhan Muks (1899–1983), Estonian artist and painter
* Juhan Narma (1888–1942), Estonian politician
* Juhan Parts (born 1966), Estonian politician
* Juhan Peegel (1919–2007), Estonian journalist, linguist and writer
* Juhan Simm (1885–1959), Estonian composer, conductor and choral conductor
* Juhan Smuul (1922–1971), Estonian writer, until 1954 he used the given name Johannes Schmuul
* Juhan Sütiste (1899–1945), Estonian poet
* Juhan Tõrvand (1883–1942), Estonian military Major General
* Juhan Treisalt (1898–1980, better known as Ivan Triesault), Estonian-born American actor
* Juhan Ulfsak (born 1973), Estonian actor
* Juhan Uuemaa (1903–1942), Estonian politician and lawyer
* Juhan Viiding (1948–1995), Estonian poet and actor, also known under the pseudonym of Jüri Üdi

### Surname

* Alexander Juhan (1765–1845), American violinist, composer and conductor
* Frank Juhan, (1887–1967), American football player
# Judo at the 2015 European Games – Women's blind 57 kg

The women's 57 kg blind judo event at the 2015 European Games in Baku was held on 26 June at the Heydar Aliyev Arena.

## Results

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Inna Cherniak (UKR) | 100 | | |
| Natalia Ovchinnikova (RUS) | 000 | | |
| Natalia Ovchinnikova (RUS) | 000 | Inna Cherniak (UKR) | 101 |
| | | Ramona Brussig (GER) | 000 |
| Ramona Brussig (GER) | 001 | Ramona Brussig (GER) | 000 |
| Gülhan Kılıç (TUR) | 000 | | | | |
| Gülhan Kılıç (TUR) | 000 | | | Inna Cherniak (UKR) | 100 |
| | | | | Sabina Abdullayeva (AZE) | 001 |
| Sabina Abdullayeva (AZE) | 100 | | | Sabina Abdullayeva (AZE) | 001 |
| María Monica Merenciano (ESP) | 000 | | | | |
| María Monica Merenciano (ESP) | 000 | Sabina Abdullayeva (AZE) | 011 | | |
| | | Nataliya Nikolaychyk (UKR) | 000 |
| Nataliya Nikolaychyk (UKR) | 101 | Nataliya Nikolaychyk (UKR) | 000 |
| Şerife Köseoğlu (TUR) | 000 | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage | Repechage | Third place | Third place |
| Natalia Ovchinnikova (RUS) | 000 |
| Gülhan Kılıç (TUR) | 100 | | |
| Gülhan Kılıç (TUR) | 100 | Gülhan Kılıç (TUR) | 000 |
| | | Nataliya Nikolaychyk (UKR) | 100 |
| Repechage | Repechage | Third place | Third place |
| María Monica Merenciano (ESP) | 001 |
| Şerife Köseoğlu (TUR) | 110 | | |
| Şerife Köseoğlu (TUR) | 110 | Şerife Köseoğlu (TUR) | 000 |
| | | Ramona Brussig (GER) | 110 |
# Jukjeon station

Jukjeon Station is a station on the Suin–Bundang Line, located in Jukjeon-dong of Suji-gu, Yongin. It opened on Christmas Eve in 2007 and plays a crucial role in relieving the traffic congestion of the northwestern part of Yongin. It is also the closest station to the Yongin campus of Dankook University, with shuttle buses expected to run between the university and the station.
This station is unique in that it is built into the Jukjeon Shinsegae Department Store.
Its station subname is Dankook Univ., where said university is located nearby.
| Preceding station | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Following station |
| Oritowards Wangsimni or Cheongnyangni | | Suin–Bundang LineLocal | | Bojeongtowards Incheon |
| Oritowards Wangsimni or Cheongnyangni | | Suin–Bundang LineBundang Express | | Giheungtowards Gosaek |
vteSeoul Metropolitan Subway :
# Julian Cole

Julian David Cole (April 2, 1925 – April 17, 1999) was an American mathematician. He is known for his groundbreaking work in mathematical applications to aerodynamics and transonic flow, and in non-linear equations more generally. He graduated 36 PhD students and won many of the most significant scientific honors over his career, including simultaneous election to the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering in 1976.

## Biography

Cole earned an undergraduate degree in engineering from Cornell, after which he entered Caltech as a graduate student. He worked with Hans Liepmann and Paco Lagerstrom, the latter his advisor, submitting a dissertation on transonic flow in 1949. Lagerstrom and Cole continued their work, having formed a small research group at GALCIT to better understand the mathematics of fluid flow. These two, along with Leon Trilling found that flows having weak shocks could be described by Burgers' equation, for which Cole later found a clever transformation to solve it. Cole continued to delve deeper into this topic for the next decade.
Cole took sabbatical in 1963–1964 at Harvard, where he wrote a book on this body of work: Perturbation Methods in Applied Mathematics.
Cole is the namesake of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics's Julian Cole Lectureship.

## Awards

* Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Fellow, American Physical Society
* National Academy of Engineering
* National Academy of Sciences
# Jun Shibuya

Jun Shibuya (渋谷潤, Shibuya Jun) is a retired Japanese ski jumper.