OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1960 Tangerine Bowl (January)

The 1960 Tangerine Bowl (January) was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1960, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders defeated the Presbyterian Blue Hose by a score of 21–12. It was the first of two Tangerine Bowls played in calendar year 1960.

## Statistics

| Statistics | Middle Tennessee | Presbyterian |
| First downs | 10 | 15 |
| Rushing yards | 240 | 129 |
| Passing yards | 0 | 197 |
| Yards penalized | 47 | 40 |
| Punts–average | 1–34.4 | 8–30.0 |
| Fumbles lost | 0 | 1 |

## Scoring summary

Scoring summary :
| Quarter | Time | Drive | Drive | Drive | Team | Scoring information | Score | Score |
| Quarter | Time | Plays | Yards | TOP | Team | Scoring information | MTSC | PC |
| 1 | | | | | MTSC | Bucky Pitts 53-yard punt return, kick good | 7 | 0 |
| 2 | | | | | MTSC | Ray Purvis 5-yard touchdown run, kick good | 14 | 0 |
| 2 | | | | | PC | Bobby Pate 11-yard touchdown reception from Bob Waters, kick no good | 14 | 6 |
| 3 | | | | | PC | Bobby Pate 43-yard touchdown reception from Bob Waters, 2-point attempt failed | 14 | 12 |
| 4 | | | | | MTSC | Bucky Pitts 20-yard touchdown run, kick good | 21 | 12 |
| "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | 21 | 12 |
# Lithocarpus ferrugineus

Lithocarpus ferrugineus is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet ferrugineus means 'red-brown', referring to the acorn's indumentum.

## Description

Lithocarpus ferrugineus grows as a tree up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm (20 in). The greyish brown bark is smooth or scaly or lenticellate. Its coriaceous leaves measure up to 30 cm (12 in) long. The reddish brown acorns are ovoid and measure up to 2.3 cm (1 in) across.

## Distribution and habitat

Lithocarpus ferrugineus grows naturally in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp to lower montane forests to 1,200 m (4,000 ft) elevation.
# Stigmella fasciata

Stigmella fasciata is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Slovenia, Croatia, Greece and Turkey.
The wingspan is 4.3–5 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September.
The larvae feed on Quercus pubescens. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Heatherton (surname)

Heatherton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erin Heatherton (born 1989), American model
* Joey Heatherton (born 1944), American actress, dancer, and singer, daughter of Ray
* Ray Heatherton (1909–1997), American singer
* Todd Heatherton, American psychologist
# Fred Haigh Dam

The Fred Haigh Dam (also called Monduran Dam) is a dam in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was constructed across the Kolan River in 1978 creating Lake Monduran. The dam's catchment area, north of Bundaberg in Queensland, covers 1308 km2. It is named after Frederick Haigh who was Queensland's Commissioner of Irrigation and Water Supply from 1955 to 1974. The Monduran Dam, under construction at the time of his death, was named after him upon completion.

## History

The dam was built to create a more reliable water supply for the sugarcane industry, as rainfall is not always reliable and underground water supplies were dwindling. Construction began on Saturday 13 November 1971 with a ceremony in which, Reg Swartz, Minister for National Development, initiated an explosion which blasted away tons of rock at the site and then unveiled a commemorative plaque. The dam was completed in late 1974 with the first release of water on 17 February 1975. The dam was originally to be called Monduran Dam. However, the Queensland Water Commissioner, Fred Haigh, had been a major driving force behind the dam and, following his sudden death on 15 July 1974, the Queensland Cabinet decided to rename the dam in his honour in 1979, retaining the name Monduran for the lake it created.
The dam has a capacity of 562,045 megalitres when full. The lowest level recorded was 3.29% in February 2003 during the Millennium Drought, and the highest level of 181.5% (6.86 metres over the spillway) was recorded in January 2013 as a result of heavy rains from ex Tropical Cyclone Oswald.

## Spillway Upgrade

SunWater is undertaking a dam spillway capacity upgrade program to ensure the highest level of safety for the dam is maintained. The spillway will be upgraded before 2010.

## Boating

There are no boating restrictions on the lake and there is a single boat ramp for boat access.

## Fishing

The dam has been stocked with barramundi, silver perch, sooty grunter and red-claw crayfish with spangled perch and forktail catfish naturally present. A Stocked Impoundment Permit is required to fish in the dam.
# Madam White Snake (disambiguation)

Madam White Snake is a mythological figure in Chinese folk religion. It may also refer to:
* Madam White Snake (TV series), 2001 television series
* Madame White Snake (opera), 2010 opera
# 1600 in India

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1600 in India.

## Events

* East India Company granted Royal Charter by Elizabeth I of England (ran until disestablishment in 1874)
* Dhamapur Dam opened
# Neoplynes

Neoplynes is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1900.

## Species

* Neoplynes cytheraea (Druce, 1894)
* Neoplynes eudora (Dyar, 1894)
# 1960 Tangerine Bowl

The 1960 Tangerine Bowl may refer to:
* 1960 Tangerine Bowl (January), played January 1, 1960, between the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders and the Presbyterian Blue Hose
* 1960 Tangerine Bowl (December), played December 30, 1960, between The Citadel Bulldogs and the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles
# Lithocarpus encleisacarpus

Lithocarpus encleisacarpus is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet is from the Greek meaning 'enclosed fruit', referring to the acorns and cupules. The cupule is not fused to the nut though and often becomes irregularly dehiscent. The degree to which the nut is enclosed by the cupule varies across its geographic range. Trees in Lithocarpus are commonly known as the stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers.

## Description

Lithocarpus encleisacarpus grows as a tree up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 75 cm (30 in). The greyish brown bark is smooth or scaly or lenticellate. The coriaceous leaves measure up to 15 cm (6 in) long and have obscure tertiary web-like reticulations. Its dark brown acorns are ovoid to roundish and measure up to 3 cm (1.2 in) across. The fruits typically have 1-1.5 cm stalks and the cupule has several smooth to slightly ridge-like lamellae circling or spiraling around the outside. The nuts are free from the cupule and have silvery tomentum.

## Distribution and habitat

Lithocarpus encleisacarpus grows naturally in Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp to lower montane forests from 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to 1,500 m (5,000 ft) elevation.

## Uses

The timber is locally used as firewood and in construction. The bark's tannins are used in dyeing.
# Kusum Tete

Kusum Tete is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Odisha. She has been elected in Odisha Legislative Assembly election in 2019 from Sundargarh constituency as candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party.
# Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup

The Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup was a men's professional tennis tournament first held in 1966. Later also known as the Hollywood Pro Championships. The tournament was part of Pro Tennis Tour from inception, and also the inaugural 1968 Men's National Tennis League. It was played at David Park, Hollywood, Florida, United States until 1968.

## History

The Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup was first held in December 1966 in Hollywood, Florida, United States. The inaugural winner of this Pancho Gonzales who defeated Rod Laver. The tournament was not held on a permanent basis and was staged again until 1968. On 6 March 1968 the National Tennis League announced a new men's tennis tour offering prize money worth US$400,000. The NTL Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup was part of that tour for that season, under the sponsorship name the Burger King Challenge Cup.

## Finals

| Year | Locations | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| 1966 | Hollywood | Pancho Gonzales | Rod Laver | 6–4, 6–2. |
| 1967 | Hollywood | Pancho Gonzales | Rod Laver | 6–4, 6–2. |
| 1968 | Hollywood | Tony Roche | Rod Laver | 6–3, 9–7, 6–4. |

## Event names

* Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup (1966)
* NTL Hollywood Pro Challenge Cup (tour name) (1968)
* Burger King Challenge Cup (sponsorship name) (1968)
* Hollywood Pro Championships (1969)
# 1614 in art

Events from the year 1614 in art.

## Events

* Giovan Battista Crespi begins work on the Sancarlone.

## Works

* Artemisia Gentileschi - Judith and her Maidservant (1613–14)
* Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger - Tom Durie, Anne of Denmark's fool
* El Greco
** The Adoration of the Shepherds (1612–14)
** The Opening of the Fifth Seal (1608–1614)
* Abraham Janssens - Peace and Plenty binding Arrows of War
* Peter Paul Rubens
** The Descent from the Cross
** Lamentation of Christ
** St Sebastian
** Venus Frigida
* Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom - Skirmish between Amsterdam and English warships, 20 April 1605
* Adam Willaerts - Shipwreck off a Rocky Coast

## Births

* March 25 - Juan Carreño de Miranda, Spanish painter (died 1685)
* April 18 - Nicolas Robert, French miniaturist and engraver (died 1685)
* May 12 - Giovanni Bernardo Carboni, Italian historical and portrait painter (died 1683)
* July 23 - Bonaventura Peeters, Flemish Baroque painter (died 1652)
* August 3 - Juan de Arellano, Spanish painter (born 1614)
* date unknown - Jacob van Loo, Dutch painter, founder of the Van Loo family of painters (died 1670)
* probable
** Pietro Paolo Baldini, Italian painter (died 1684)
** Thomas Blanchet, French painter, draughtsman, architect, sculptor and printmaker (died 1689)
** Frederik Bloemaert, Dutch engraver (died 1690)
** Ambrosio Martínez Bustos, Spanish Baroque painter active in Granada (died 1672)
** Johannes Mytens, Dutch painter (died 1670)
** Jan van Aken, Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver (died 1661)

## Deaths

* April 7 - El Greco, Spanish painter (born 1541)
* August 11 - Lavinia Fontana, Italian painter (born 1552)
* October 2 - Carlo Sellitto, Italian Caravaggisto (born 1581)
* October 14 - Jacob Bunel, French painter (born 1568)
* date unknown
** Cesare Arbasia, Italian Mannerist painter
** Ciriaco Mattei, Italian art collector
** Konoe Nobutada, Momoyama period Japanese poet, calligrapher, painter and diarist (born 1565)
** Paulus van Vianen, Dutch medallist and sculptor (born 1570)
* probable - Ambroise Dubois, Flemish painter of the second School of Fontainebleau (born 1542)
# 1935–36 Irish League

The 1935–36 Irish League was the 42nd edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Northern Irish football. The league comprised 14 teams, and Belfast Celtic won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Result |
| 1 | Belfast Celtic (C) | 26 | 20 | 3 | 3 | 66 | 23 | 2.870 | 43 | Champions |
| 2 | Derry City | 26 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 71 | 36 | 1.972 | 41 | |
| 3 | Linfield | 26 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 72 | 28 | 2.571 | 38 | |
| 4 | Newry Town | 26 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 80 | 50 | 1.600 | 33 | |
| 5 | Glentoran | 26 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 57 | 50 | 1.140 | 27 | |
| 6 | Distillery | 26 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 51 | 52 | 0.981 | 27 | |
| 7 | Larne | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 49 | 65 | 0.754 | 26 | |
| 8 | Portadown | 26 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 53 | 58 | 0.914 | 23 | |
| 9 | Cliftonville | 26 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 49 | 61 | 0.803 | 23 | |
| 10 | Ballymena United | 26 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 41 | 59 | 0.695 | 19 | |
| 11 | Bangor | 26 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 47 | 72 | 0.653 | 19 | |
| 12 | Glenavon | 26 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 40 | 56 | 0.714 | 17 | |
| 13 | Coleraine | 26 | 5 | 5 | 16 | 28 | 44 | 0.636 | 15 | |
| 14 | Ards | 26 | 5 | 3 | 18 | 44 | 94 | 0.468 | 13 | |

## Results

| Home \ Away | ARD | BAN | BLM | BCE | CLI | COL | DER | DIS | GLV | GLT | LAR | LIN | NEW | POR |
| Ards | | 5–1 | 1–5 | 0–3 | 2–3 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2–7 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 3–3 | 0–4 | 2–3 | 2–2 |
| Bangor | 0–3 | | 2–1 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 3–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 8–2 |
| Ballymena United | 1–1 | 4–3 | | 1–3 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2–2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 2–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | | 4–2 | 1–0 | 2–6 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 9–1 | 2–1 | 5–1 | 2–0 |
| Cliftonville | 6–0 | 2–1 | 5–4 | 0–4 | | 0–1 | 2–4 | 0–0 | 3–3 | 2–4 | 0–0 | 1–7 | 5–1 | 2–0 |
| Coleraine | 6–0 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–0 | | 2–4 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 2–4 |
| Derry City | 8–1 | 5–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 4–0 | 1–1 | | 6–0 | 4–2 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 |
| Distillery | 4–0 | 0–3 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 4–2 | 3–2 | 3–2 | | 5–2 | 4–2 | 6–0 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 3–5 |
| Glenavon | 3–1 | 3–4 | 2–0 | 0–4 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | | 1–2 | 0–4 | 0–3 | 0–2 | 0–1 |
| Glentoran | 9–6 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 4–0 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–0 | | 6–0 | 1–2 | 2–5 | 1–1 |
| Larne | 3–2 | 3–2 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2–4 | 4–1 | 1–6 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 |
| Linfield | 5–1 | 7–0 | 3–2 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 8–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 2–1 | | 4–3 | 2–0 |
| Newry Town | 7–1 | 8–1 | 5–1 | 2–2 | 2–3 | 2–1 | 4–0 | 6–1 | 3–3 | 2–3 | 5–0 | 2–1 | | 4–2 |
| Portadown | 4–3 | 4–3 | 8–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–3 | 0–4 | 6–2 | 1–3 | 2–2 | |
# 1963 Aintree 200

The 8th Aintree 200 was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 27 April 1963 at Aintree Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Graham Hill in a BRM P57.

## Characteristics

This race saw one of the last instances of car changing in Formula One, as it was already illegal in World Championship races. Jim Clark's Lotus 25 was left on the starting line with a flat battery and joined the race a lap down, but after 16 laps, he swapped cars with his team-mate Trevor Taylor who was in fifth place at the time. Clark moved up to finish third, while Taylor was left in seventh place. Clark set the fastest lap of the race in Taylor's car.
Jack Brabham qualified in second place but failed to start after suffering a broken piston in practice.

## Results

| Pos | Driver | Entrant | Constructor | Time/Retired | Grid |
| 1 | Graham Hill | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM | 1:35.20.8 | 4 |
| 2 | Innes Ireland | British Racing Partnership | Lotus-BRM | + 15.0 s | 3 |
| 3 | Trevor Taylor Jim Clark | Team Lotus | Lotus-Climax | + 28.6 s | 6 |
| 4 | Richie Ginther | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM | + 31.8 s | 5 |
| 5 | Bruce McLaren | Cooper Car Company | Cooper-Climax | + 1:12.4 s | 7 |
| 6 | Chris Amon | Reg Parnell (Racing) | Lola-Climax | 48 laps | 10 |
| 7 | Jim Clark Trevor Taylor | Team Lotus | Lotus-Climax | 47 laps | 1 |
| 8 | Jimmy Blumer | Reg Parnell (Racing) | Lotus-Climax | 47 laps | 14 |
| 9 | John Taylor | Gerard Racing | Cooper-Ford | 42 laps | 11 |
| Ret | Ian Raby | Ian Raby (Racing) | Gilby-BRM | Engine | 9 |
| Ret | John Campbell-Jones | Tim Parnell | Lotus-BRM | Oil leak | 13 |
| DSQ | Tim Parnell | Tim Parnell | Lotus-Climax | Push-start | 17 |
| Ret | Jock Russell | Jock Russell | Lotus-Climax | Rear suspension | 15 |
| Ret | Tony Maggs | Cooper Car Company | Cooper-Climax | Brakes / Ignition | 18 |
| Ret | Philip Robinson | A. Robinson & Sons | Lotus-Climax | Engine | 12 |
| Ret | Jim Hall | British Racing Partnership | Lotus-BRM | Throttle linkage | 8 |
| DNS | Jack Brabham | Brabham Racing Organisation | Brabham-Climax | Piston | (2) |
| DNS | André Pilette | André Pilette | Lotus-Climax | Withdrew after practice | (16) |
| WD | Morris Nunn | Morris Nunn | Cooper-Climax | Car not ready | - |
* Wolfgang Seidel entered two cars under the Autosport Team Wolfgang Seidel banner, but these were withdrawn before the event.
# Literary Front

The Literary Front was a Bulgarian weekly newspaper for literature, literary criticism and art. It was published by the Union of Bulgarian Writers from 1945 to 1993, when it was renamed the Literary Forum.

## Editors

The editors-in-chief of the Literary Front were:
* Nikola Furnadzhiev (1945–1949)
* Veselin Andreev (1949–1955)
* Slavcho Vasev (1955–1964)
* Georgi Dimitrov-Goshkin (1964–1966)
* Bogomil Raynov (1966–1970)
* Lubomir Levchev (1970–1973)
* Efrem Karanfilov (1973–1980)
* Nikola Indjov (1980–1983)
* Rusi Bozhanov (1983–1984)
* Evtim Evtimov (1984–1988)
* Lilyana Stefanova (1988–1989)
* Marko Ganchev (1989–1993)
# Tai Po Democratic Alliance

Tai Po Democratic Alliance (Chinese: 大埔民主聯盟) is a loose political alliance consisting of the 17 candidates in the 2019 District Council election for the Tai Po District Council. With the pro-democracy camp winning all the elected seats in the election, the alliance also saw 16 of its candidates being elected. While four of them ran under the banner of the alliance, the others ran either with their own political groups or as independents.

## History

The pro-democracy camp controlled six seats in the Tai Po District Council before the 2019 District Council election. In order to maximise the pro-democratic forces, the incumbent District Councillors joined hand with eight other hopefuls to form the Tai Po Democratic Alliance.
The alliance had 17 members running in the election whereas some candidates ran as members of Neo Democrats and Community Alliance, as well as independents. There were four members that ran under the banner of the alliance, including Lam Ming-yat in Tai Po Hui, Dalu Lin Kok-cheung in Kwong Fuk & Plover Cove, Patrick Mo Ka-chun in Tai Po Kau, and "airport uncle" Richard Chan Chun-chit in Lam Tsuen Valley. All four candidates were elected with the pro-democrats and took all 19 of the elected seats in the council. Only alliance member Yam Man-chuen was unseated by another pro-democrat candidate Ho Wai-lam in Fu Heng resulting for the alliance unofficially winning a total number of 16 seats.

## Performance in elections
### Tai Po District Council elections

| Election | Number of popular votes | % of popular votes | Total elected seats | +/− |
| 2019 | 13,185 | 9.81 | 4 / 19 | 4 |
# 1970–71 Svenska Cupen

The 1970–71 Svenska Cupen was the 16th season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 30 June 1971 with the final, held at Malmö Stadion, Malmö. Åtvidabergs FF won 3–2 against Malmö FF before an attendance of 7,544 spectators.

## Group stage

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## First round

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Second round

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Third round

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Fourth round

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Fifth round

For all results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Quarter-finals

The quarter finals were held on 4 and 5 April 1971.
| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Halmstads BK (D1) | 0–4 | Åtvidabergs FF (A) | 1,115 |
| 2 | KB Karlskoga FF (D1) | 1–5 | Malmö FF (A) | 2,549 |
| 3 | Jönköpings Södra IF (D1) | 3–1 | IF Elfsborg (A) | 284 |
| 4 | Degerfors IF (D1) | 1–2 | IFK Norrköping (A) | 674 |

## Semi-finals

The semi-finals were played on 5 May 1971.
| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Åtvidabergs FF (A) | 1–0 | IFK Norrköping (A) | 3,839 |
| 2 | Jönköpings Södra IF (D1) | 0–3 | Malmö FF (A) | 5,539 |

## Final

The final was played on 30 June 1971 at Malmö Stadion.
| Tie no | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 | Attendance |
| 1 | Malmö FF (A) | 2–3 | Åtvidabergs FF (A) | 7,544 |

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Svensk Fotboll - Historia - Svenska Cupens finaler 1941 - Svenskfotboll.se". Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
# Mexican-Colorado Navigation Company

Mexican-Colorado Navigation Company was a steam navigation company formed in Los Angeles, California, that operated on the Colorado River from 1901 to 1907. It was owned by Alphonso B. Smith, W. S. Twogood, and E. E. Busby. It ran the steamboats, Retta (1900-1905), St. Vallier (1901-1907), and San Jorge (1901), from Yuma, Arizona.$^{:91–92,95,97,156,165}$
# Kusuma Murthy

Kusuma Krishna Murthy was an Indian politician and member of parliament who represented Amalapuram parliamentary constituency in the sixth, seventh and ninth Lok Sabha. He was associated with the Indian National Congress.

## Biography

He was born on 11 September 1940 in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. He received his education from Sree Konaseema Bhanoji Ramars College and later attended Andhra and Nagpur University.
He served at various posts during his political career, including convenor of Joint Select Committee, Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from 1980-82. He also served in the Ministry of Petroleum & Chemicals in 1990, in addition to serving as joint secretary of the All India Congress Committee from November 1983 to January 1985.
# Macaulayite

Macaulayite is a red, earthy, monoclinic mineral, with the chemical formula (Fe$^{3+}$, Al)$_{24}$Si$_4$O$_{43}$(OH)$_2$. It was discovered in the 1970s by Jeff Wilson and named after the Macaulay Institute in Aberdeen, Scotland. The only known source of macaulayite in the world is a quarry at the foot of Bennachie, Aberdeenshire, and it is formed by granite which has been weathered by tropical climates from before the last ice age. The substance is currently being studied by NASA, as it is speculated that this is the substance which gives the planet Mars its colour and it could prove that life on Mars can be sustained.

## Study by NASA

The American space agency NASA is currently carrying out studies on macaulayite, as they believe that the substance might be present on the planet Mars. NASA scientists speculate that macaulayite may be what gives the planet its red colour. Also, as macaulayite is formed in the presence of water, the existence of the mineral on Mars may help to prove that the planet could contain resources needed to sustain life.
In an interview with the BBC, Wilson said: "It is exciting because this particular mineral contains water. It's a very fine grain mineral and water is bound to the inner surfaces. There's been a lot of speculation about the occurrence of water on Mars. We don't know but it could be associated with this mineral."
Janice Bishop, a Mars specialist from the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence Institute also told the BBC that: "All life forms as we know it require liquid water so if we can actually find periods of time or places on the planet where there was standing water then the chance of life having formed increase greatly."
# Naqada (disambiguation)

Naqada is a town on the west bank of the Nile River in Egypt.
Naqada may also refer to: