OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Diaphragm (mechanical device)

In mechanics, a diaphragm is a sheet of a semi-flexible material anchored at its periphery and most often round in shape. It serves either as a barrier between two chambers, moving slightly up into one chamber or down into the other depending on differences in pressure, or as a device that vibrates when certain frequencies are applied to it.
A diaphragm pump uses a diaphragm to pump a fluid. A typical design is to have air on one side constantly vary in pressure, with fluid on the other side. The increase and decrease in volume caused by the action of the diaphragm alternately forces fluid out the chamber and draws more fluid in from its source. The action of the diaphragm is very similar to the action of a plunger with the exception that a diaphragm responds to changes in pressure rather than the mechanical force of the shaft.
A diaphragm pressure tank is a tank which has pressurant sealed inside on one side of the diaphragm. It is favored in certain applications due to its high durability and reliability. This comes with a downside, as the vessel needs to be replaced in the case of a rupture of the diaphragm. Diaphragm tanks are used to store hypergolic propellant aboard space probes and various other spacecraft.
Pressure regulators use diaphragms as part of their design. Most uses of compressed gasses, for example, in gas welding and scuba diving rely on regulators to deliver their gas output at appropriate pressures. Automotive fuel systems frequently require fuel-pressure regulators; this is true of many fuel injection systems as well as in vehicles fueled with liquefied petroleum gas (autogas) and compressed natural gas.
# List of international animal welfare conventions

This is a list of international conventions relating to the protection of animals.

## General conventions

* Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, Biodiversity Convention, Rio Convention)
* World Cultural and Natural Heritage Convention (UNESCO)
* Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention, Convention on Wetlands)
* Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Bonn Convention)
* Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, Washington Convention)

## Specialised conventions

* International Convention on the Protection of Birds (followed the 1902 International Convention for the Protection of Birds that are Useful for Agriculture)
* Migratory Bird Treaty (Migratory Birds Convention – Canada and United States)
* Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR, Canberra Convention)
* African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Algiers Convention)
* Convention on the Conservation of the Vicuña (1969 La Paz Convention, 1979 Lima Convention)
* International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW, replaces the 1931 Geneva Convention for Regulation of Whaling and the 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling)
** International Whaling Commission 1982 moratorium on whaling, 2018 Florianópolis Declaration
* International Agreement on the Preservation of Polar Bears and their Habitat (Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears, Oslo Agreement)
* Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP, Hobart Agreement)

## Council of Europe

* Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern/Berne Convention; also acceded by several non-CoE member states)
* European Convention for the Protection of Animals during International Transport (original 1968 animal transport convention & revised 2003 animal transport convention)
* European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals
* European Convention for the Protection of Animals for Slaughter (Slaughter Convention)
* European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for Farming Purposes (Farm Animal Convention)
* European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes
# Necessary Roughness (album)

Necessary Roughness is the only studio album by American hip-hop artist the Lady of Rage. The album was released on June 24, 1997. Necessary Roughness was largely produced by Daz Dillinger, with contributions from Easy Mo Bee and DJ Premier. The album peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard 200 on July 12, 1997. Necessary Roughness was the last Death Row album to be distributed by Interscope Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
The Los Angeles Times wrote that "Rage delivers her lyrics with gale force and knocks out her tracks with rabbit-punch viciousness."

## Track listing
### Leftover track

* "The Set Up" (featuring Heather B. & Nikki D) (produced by DJ Premier)
** The song was confirmed as a diss song to rival Foxy Brown who previously made derogatory comments about Rage and Heather B. in a particular interview. The track however was subsequently deleted from the album's track listing. This would also be the second time Nikki D made a cameo in a Foxy Brown diss record, the first being Queen Latifah's controversial, "Name Callin' (Part 1)".

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 32 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 7 |
# Joseph Holyhead

Joseph Holyhead (1 November 1880 – 1944) was an English footballer who played at half-back for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Burslem Port Vale. He made 129 league appearances in the Football League between 1902 and 1907. He also represented Wednesbury Old Athletic and Kidderminster Harriers.

## Career

Holyhead played for Wednesbury Old Athletic, before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1902. He played six First Division games at Molineux in the 1902–03 season. He joined Burslem Port Vale in September 1903. He made 27 Second Division appearances and eight cup appearances in 1903–04. He scored his first FA Cup goal on 19 November 1903, in a 6–0 win over Stockport County at the Athletic Ground. He scored his first league goal on 9 April 1904, in a 3–1 home win over Burton United. Holyhead featured 38 times in 1904–05, and found the net once in a 2–1 defeat to Bradford City at Valley Parade. He played 30 games in 1905–06, and scored in a 3–3 home draw with Glossop and a 4–1 defeat to West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns. He made 39 appearances in the 1906–07 campaign, and scored in home wins over Grimsby Town and Stockport County. He was forced to leave the club in the summer due to the club's worsening financial crisis. He briefly returned to Wednesbury Old Athletic before moving on to Kidderminster Harriers.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Wolverhampton Wanderers | 1902–03 | First Division | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1903–04 | Second Division | 27 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 34 | 1 |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1904–05 | Second Division | 33 | 1 | 2 | 35 | 1 | 0 |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1905–06 | Second Division | 28 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 2 |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1906–07 | Second Division | 35 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 39 | 2 |
| Burslem Port Vale | Total | Total | 123 | 6 | 15 | 1 | 138 | 7 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 129 | 6 | 15 | 1 | 144 | 7 |
# Leon Finney Jr.

Leon Dorsey Finney Jr. (July 7, 1938 – September 4, 2020) was an American minister, community organizer and businessman. He was the founder and pastor of Metropolitan Apostolic Community Church in Chicago. Finney was also known for his association with The Woodlawn Organization, a community development initiative in the Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago.

## Early life and education

Finney was the eldest of six children born to Leon Finney Sr. (1916–2008), who was the founder of the Leon's Bar-B-Q franchise and Bertha Finney (d. 2012). Born in Mississippi, Finney's family relocated to Chicago when he was a child. During his childhood, Finney spent time between Chicago and Nashville, Tennessee with his grandparents. Finney returned to Chicago permanently at age 12 to attend Catholic school, having attended elementary school in Nashville. For high school, Finney attended Hyde Park Academy High School; where he participated on the track team. After graduating high school in 1957, Finney attended University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign but later dropped out.

## Career

In the early 1960s, Finney joined the United States Marine Corps where he served as a policeman and criminal investigator. After his stint in the marine corps, Finney returned to Chicago. In 1964, Finney became involved with The Woodlawn Organization, becoming an organizer. In 1967, Finney became the Executive Director of the organization. and president of the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation in 1969.
During the 1960s, his early years with the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation Finney helped cite property owners who were deemed slumlords in the Woodlawn area. Due to his community efforts, Finney was appointed as a member of the Chicago Plan Commission by then-Mayor Jane Byrne in May 1979. Finney, through the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation managed public housing and subsidized units in the area. In 2003, Finney purchased the former Metropolitan Community Church building at 4100 South King Drive; renaming it Metropolitan Apostolic Community Church.

## Personal life

Finney has been married twice and has at least two children but some sources cite four. His first marriage was to Sharon M. Hall in June 1970 and together they had two children, Kristin (b. 1970) and Leon III (1972–1998). They later divorced in February 1994. In June 2002, Finney married Georgette Greenlee. Greenlee later filed for divorce in 2019. Finney died on September 4, 2020, at the University of Chicago Medical Center.

### Legal issues

In September 2019, Finney was accused of fraud and mismanagement after his business, the Woodlawn Community Development Corporation filed for bankruptcy the previous October. At the time of the bankruptcy, the Woodlawn Community Development owed $4.2 million in taxes, interest and penalties according to the IRS. In June 2019, its contract to manage 4,300 public housing sites with the Chicago Housing Authority was canceled after being accused of mismanagement, totaling $400,000 in damages by the authority.
# Madani Schools Federation

Madani Schools Federation is a Muslim secondary school in Leicester, England. Based in the Evington neighbourhood, Madani Schools Federation caters for the city's Muslim population, with 450 places for boys and girls each. The building itself, designed by Leicester firm Pick Everard with an Islamic design including an Arabic-style courtyard. There is also an associated community centre and madrassa.
The school has also won architectural awards including the Community Benefit award in the regional finals of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors awards in May 2008 and competed in the international finals in the autumn. It is the first state funded Muslim school in the East-Midlands, as 90% of the £18m came from the government, with the Muslim community in Leicester raising the rest. The school has received much press attention as a Muslim secondary school where it is held up as a model for faith schools.

## Concerns and criticism

There has been controversy when it was announced that non-Muslim girls would be required to wear the hijab.
The school was criticised after backtracking on an earlier commitments that it would take 10% of its intake from a non-Muslim background. The Headteacher now states that this will only happen once demand from the Muslim community is met. This is in part because in its first year the school received no applications from non-Muslim families.
The school's strict gender segregation policies have also been criticised. The school is divided into two separate wings, one for boys and the other for girls, connected by a central foyer. Boys are taught by male and female staff and girls are only taught by female staff. The school has separate staff rooms for male and female staff and separate dining rooms for boys and girls.
# German submarine U-429

German submarine U-429 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine originally built for the Italian Regia Marina during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 14 September 1942 by Danziger Werft of Danzig. She was then commissioned as S-4 on 14 July 1943 under the command of Tenente di vascello Angelo Amendolia.
Following the Italian armistice on 8 September 1943, the Kriegsmarine took possession of the U-429, which was still in German waters, along with the U-428 and U-430. These boats were not deemed advanced or useful enough for full war service, and on 27 October 1943 they were turned over to training flotillas for service in the Baltic Sea, training up submarine crews for dispatch to operating boats, mainly based in France. After a very uneventful service life, the U-429 was caught in an open dock during a U.S. Eighth Air Force raid on the city of Wilhelmshaven on 30 March 1945, and destroyed by bombing, although her crew were not on board at the time of the attack.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-429 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-429 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Modern dramatization

The 2003 film In Enemy Hands features a fictional U-429, which captures the crew of a fictional version of USS Swordfish.
# Neale Analysis of Reading Ability

The Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (NARA) is a tool to assess reading comprehension and reading accuracy. It was invented by Marie D. Neale.
# 1168 Brandia

1168 Brandia, provisional designation 1930 QA, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was later named after mathematician Eugène Brand.

## Discovery

Brandia was discovered on 25 August 1930, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. Six nights later, the asteroid was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on 31 August 1930. The Minor Planet Center, however, only recognizes the first discoverer. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle, two nights after its official discovery observation.

## Orbit and classification

This asteroid is a member of the Eunomia family (502), a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.$^{:23}$
Brandia orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,488 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.

## Physical characteristics

Brandia is an assumed S-type asteroid, which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Eunomia family.$^{:23}$

### Rotation period

In September 1989, a rotational lightcurve of Brandia was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel at CTIO and McDonald Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of hours with a relatively high brightness variation of 0.62 magnitude (U=3).
An identical period of 11.444 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 magnitude was measured with a Celestron 14-inch telescope by Frederick Pilcher and published in 1985 (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Brandia measures 10.110 and 10.61 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.150 and 0.1526, respectively.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1375 and a diameter of 10.58 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.65.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Belgian mathematician Eugène Brand, professor at the University of Brussels in Belgium. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 109).
# List of government ministers of Niger in 2009

Members of the Council of Ministers of Niger as of 30 June 2009 include:
* Prime Minister: Brigi Rafini
* Minister of State for the Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization: Albadé Abouba
* Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration: Aichatou Mindaoudou
* Minister of Economy and Finance: Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine
* Minister of Agricultural Development: Ahaman Moussa
* Minister of Youth and Sports: TBA
* Minister of Urbanization, Housing and Land Registry: Aissa Diallo Abdoulaye
* Minister of Mines and Energy: Mohamed Abdoullahi
* Minister of Secondary and Higher Education, and Technology and Research: Sidikou Oumarou
* Minister of Communication, Spokesman of the Government: Mohamed Ben Omar
* Minister of the Civil Service and Labour: Kanda Siptey
* Minister of Culture, Arts and Leisure, in charge of the promotion of art-based entrepreneurship: Oumarou Hadary
* Minister of the Population and Social Reforms: TBA
* Minister of National Education: Ousmane Samba Mamadou
* Minister in Charge of Relations with State Institutions: Salifou Madou Kelzou
* Minister of the Environment and the fight against Desertification: Issoufou Bako
* Minister of National Competitiveness and the fight against the High Cost of Life: TBA
* Minister of Religious Affairs and Humanitarian Actions: Labo Issaka
* Minister of Equipment: Lamido Moumouni Harouna
* Minister of Trade, Industry and Normalization: Halidou Badje
* Minister of National Defense: Djida Hamadou (CDS-Rahama).
* Minister of Justice, Attorney General: Garba Lompo
* Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation: Colonel Issa Mazou
* Minister of Tourism and Handicrafts: Sani Morou Fatouma
* Minister of Land Development and Community Development: Sadé Souley
* Minister of Public Health: TBA
* Minister of Animal Resources: TBA
* Minister for the Promotion of the Young Entrepreneurs and the Reform of Public Companies: TBA
* Minister of Vocational and Technical Training: Dagra Mamadou
* Minister of Population, Women’s Promotion and the Protection of Children: Maikibi Kadiatou Dandobi
* Minister of African Integration and Nationals living abroad: TBA
* Minister of Water Resources: TBA.
# KCNJ14

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 14 (KCNJ14), also known as K$_{ir}$2.4, is a human gene.
Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel, and probably has a role in controlling the excitability of motor neurons. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
# George Rochfort

George Rochfort may refer to:
* George Rochfort (politician) (1682–1730), Anglo-Irish politician
* George Rochfort, 2nd Earl of Belvedere (1738–1814), Anglo-Irish politician and peer
* George Boyd-Rochfort (1880–1940), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross
# Holms Water

The Holms Water is a river and a tributary of the Biggar Water, which is a tributary of the River Tweed, in the parish of Broughton, Glenholm and Kilbucho in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, near Glenkirk, Stanhope, Peeblesshire and Hearthstane.
# Leptosiphon montanus

Leptosiphon montanus (syn. Linanthus montanus) is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name mustang clover.

## Distribution

It is endemic to California. It grows in dry openings of oak woodland habitats in the western Sierra Nevada foothills, from 300–1,700 metres (980–5,580 ft) in elevation.

## Description

Leptosiphon montanus is an annual herb producing a thin, hairy stem up to 60 centimeters tall. The leaves are divided into needle-like linear lobes each 2 or 3 centimeters in length.
The inflorescence is a head of small but showy flowers. Each flower has a long, hairy, dark red tube up to 3 centimeters long spreading into a flat corolla. The corolla lobes are white or light to deep pink marked with reddish spots at the yellow and white throat. Its bloom period is from April to July.
# KTM 1190

KTM 1190 may refer to:
* KTM 1190 Adventure, a roadgoing/off-road (dual-sport) motorcycle introduced in 2013
* KTM 1190 RC8, a roadgoing sportbike motorcycle introduced in 2008