OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hedera nepalensis

Hedera nepalensis (Himalayan ivy, chang chun teng) is a species of perennial Ivy (genus Hedera) native to Nepal and Bhutan, as well as Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, at altitudes of about 1000–3000 m. Plants grow up to 30 m in height, with simple leaves ranging from 2–15 cm long, and yellow flowers.

## Morphology

Stem: creeping or climbing to a height of 30 m with adventitious roots. Evergreen foliage, dark green, glossy, lighter underneath, glabrous, leathery, lanceolate, oval, to klapowanych (flaps odd, usually 3, triangular), u heart-shaped base of the wedge, the top slightly pointed or blunt. Flowers: bisexual, small, 5-fold, meeting at the base within the ovate panicles. Flower stalks (length 7–12 mm) and Flowering hairy. Calyx entire edges, retained. Petals yellow crown. Stamens 5, anthers 1–2 mm long. Pillar short neck, single, Fruit is a drupes, flattened, 5–7 mm long, 5–10 mm wide, with orange to red.

## Ecology

The plant blooms from October to April.
Plant toxic, all parts are poisonous because they contain saponins (e.g. hederynę), which are irritating to the skin, and conjunctiva of eyes, and after ingestion induce gastrointestinal nervous system, disturbances. Can occur hemolysis and erythrocytes.
It occurs mostly in moist soil in shade, at the height of 1000–3000 m as climbs over rocks and tree trunks by adventitious roots, rarely used as a ground cover or decorative climber in gardens and parks. Resistance to frost apparently large (up to 8 zones USDA).
There are two varieties or subspecies:
* Hedera nepalensis var. nepalensis
* ''Hedera nepalensis K. Koch var. Sinensis (Tobler) Rehder - occurs in the China.

## Synonyms

* Hedera cinerea
* Hedera himalaica
* Hedera helix var. chrysocarpa
* Hedera helix var. cinerea
* Hedera helix var. himalaica
# List of mammals of Niue

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Niue. There are ten mammal species in Niue, none of which are known to be at risk.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
| LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
| LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
| LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |

## Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
* Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
** Subfamily: Pteropodinae
*** Genus: Pteropus
**** Insular flying-fox, P. tonganus LC

## Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
* Suborder: Mysticeti
** Family: Balaenopteridae
*** Subfamily: Megapterinae
**** Genus: Megaptera
***** Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
*** Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
**** Genus: Balaenoptera
***** Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
* Suborder: Odontoceti
** Family: Physeteridae
*** Genus: Physeter
**** Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
** Superfamily: Platanistoidea
*** Family: Ziphidae
**** Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
***** Genus: Mesoplodon
****** Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
*** Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
**** Genus: Lagenodelphis
***** Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei DD
**** Genus: Stenella
***** Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
**** Genus: Globicephala
***** Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
**** Genus: Feresa
***** Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
**** Genus: Orcinus
***** Orca, Orcinus orca LR/cd
# Alya Bakhshal

Alya Bakhshal (Urdu: عالیہ بخشل, born June 3, 1978) is a Pakistani feminist, political worker and organizer. She is general secretary of the Women Democratic Front and women secretary of Awami Workers Party, Sindh.

## Politics

Bakhshal is a socialist feminist organizer belonging from Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan and currently living in Hyderabad, Sindh.
Bakhshal is a senior and leading member of the Awami Workers Party (AWP) and is serving as women secretary AWP Sindh.

## Feminism

Bakhshal’s political struggle and feminism started when she joined Women's Action Forum. Later she joined Awami Workers Party. She is among the founders of the Nari Jamhoori Mahaz (Women Democratic Front). a socialist feminist organizations which started the Aurat Azadi March (Women's Freedom March) movement in 2018 to celebrate International Women's Day every year and Nariwad Magazine.
Bakhshal is serving as general secretary women democratic front. As WDF active member, she has organized many political schools and study circles throughout Sindh to organize working class of Sindhi women. During the pandemic, she raised her voice from WDF forum on vulnerability of healthcare workers working class, and domestic violence against women. She was among the organizers of student march 2020 where she demanded that the restoration of students' unions as democratic right.
Bakhshal along with other members of women democratic front is organizing the Aurat Azadi March in Sindh since 2018.
# 1953 Governor General's Awards

In Canada, the 1953 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the seventeenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.

## Winners

* Fiction: David Walker, Digby.
* Poetry or Drama: Douglas LePan, The Net and the Sword.
* Non-Fiction: N.J. Berrill, Sex and the Nature of Things.
* Non-Fiction: J.M.S. Careless, Canada, A Story of Challenge.
* Juvenile: John F. Hayes, Rebels Ride at Night.
# Cherokee Bat and the Goat Guys

Cherokee Bat and the Goat Guys (1993) is the third book in the Dangerous Angels series by Francesca Lia Block. It focuses on Cherokee, the daughter of Weetzie Bat, and her friends as they start a band, find success, and deal with the corruption of their spirits.

## Plot summary

While the grown-ups are away making a movie, teenager Cherokee is left to cheer up her sort-of sister Witch Baby, who is deeply depressed. Cherokee makes her a pair of wings out of wire and feathers, and it cheers Witch Baby up due to an unexplained magical power. The two girls decided to start a band and enlist their two male friends, Raphael and Angel Juan.
As their band becomes successful, the other members acquire magical items to wear. Raphael begins to wear goat pants, Angel Juan gets horns, and Cherokee gets hoof-like boots. However, these items begin to lead them down a path of drugs, sex, and jealousy and things begin to unravel. In the end, Cherokee, disturbed by the changes in her friends, makes off with the magical costumes, causing her friends to re-examine their choices and find their way back to their normal selves.
# Biospeedotrema

Biospeedotrema is a genus of trematodes in the family Opecoelidae.

## Species

* Biospeedotrema biospeedoi Bray, Waeschenbach, Dyal, Littlewood & Morand, 2014
* Biospeedotrema jolliveti Bray, Waeschenbach, Dyal, Littlewood & Morand, 2014
* Biospeedotrema parajolliveti Bray, Waeschenbach, Dyal, Littlewood & Morand, 2014
# LJN (disambiguation)

LJN was a toy and video game company located in New York City.
LJN may also refer to:
* Texas Gulf Coast Regional Airport, assigned LJN by the IATA
* Lucknow Junction railway station, station code LJN
# Bajanaspis

Bajanaspis is a genus of trilobites that has been found in the Edreisk Formation, Kazakhstan, belonging to the Lower Cambrian.
# Amanda Crawford (footballer)

Amanda Anne Crawford (born 16 February 1971) is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Crawford scored the only goal on her full Football Ferns debut in a 1–0 win over Chinese Taipei on 28 March 1989 and ended her international career with 41 caps and 11 goals to her credit.
Crawford represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991.
# A Prize of Gold (novel)

A Prize of Gold is a 1953 thriller novel by the British writer Max Catto.

## Film adaptation

In 1955 it was adapted into a film of the same title directed by Mark Robson and starring Richard Widmark, Mai Zetterling and Nigel Patrick.
# 1950 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship

The 1950 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.
On 26 November 1950, Dicksboro won the championship after a 4–06 to 1–05 defeat of Éire Óg in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1926.
# Chesterman

Chesterman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Chesterman (born 1970), British internet entrepreneur
* Ché Chesterman
* Ian Chesterman (born 1959), Australian sports administrator
* Ron Chesterman (1939–2007), English musician and archivist
* William Chesterman (1837–1930), British sportsman and industrialist
# Biosocial theory

Biosocial theory is a theory in behavioral and social science that describes personality disorders and mental illnesses and disabilities as biologically-determined personality traits reacting to environmental stimuli.
Biosocial theory also explains the shift from evolution to culture when it comes to gender and mate selection. Biosocial theory in motivational psychology identifies the differences between males and females concerning physical strength and reproductive capacity, and how these differences interact with expectations from society about social roles. This interaction produces the differences we see in gender.

## Description

M. M. Linehan wrote in her 1993 paper, Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder, that "the biosocial theory suggests that BPD is a disorder of self-regulation, and particularly of emotional regulation, which results from biological irregularities combined with certain dysfunctional environments, as well as from their interaction and transaction over time"
The biological part of the model involves the idea that emotional sensitivity is inborn. As we have different sensitivities in our pain tolerance, in our skin, or in our digestion, we also have different sensitivities to our emotional reactions. This is part of our genetic makeup, but this alone does not cause difficulties or pathologies. It is the transaction between the biological and the social part, especially with invalidating environments, that brings problems. An invalidating environment is one in which the individuals do not fit, so it invalidates their emotions and experiences. It does not need to be an abusive environment; invalidation can occur in subtle ways. Emotional sensitivity plus invalidating environments cause pervasive emotion dysregulation which is the font of many psychopathologies.
According to a 1999 article published by McLean Hospital,
   DBT is based on a biosocial theory of personality functioning in which BPD is seen as a biological disorder of emotional regulation. The disorder is characterized by heightened sensitivity to emotion, increased emotional in-tensity [sic] and a slow return to emotional baseline. Characteristic behaviors and emotional experiences associated with BPD theoretically result from the expression of this biological dysfunction in a social environment experienced as invalidating by the borderline patient.
# Károly Csapkay

Károly Csapkay (29 May 1894 – 1 March 1966) commonly known as Karl Csapkay, was a Hungarian football player and manager from Budapest. As a player, he featured for Fiorentina before going on to manage several teams.
# Ett liv med dej

"Ett liv med dej" is a power ballad written by Ingela 'Pling' Forsman, Bobby Ljunggren and Håkan Almqvist, and performed by Towe Jaarnek at Melodifestivalen 1991, where it finished second.
The single peaked at number 35 on the Swedish singles chart. The song also stayed at Svensktoppen for 10 weeks between 21 April-25 August 1991, peaking at number three.

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 36 |
# Baldwin guinea pig

The Baldwin guinea pig is a breed developed from a spontaneous genetic mutation in Carol Miller's show-line of white crested golden agouti. Though born fully furred, Baldwin guinea pigs begin to lose their fur at two to five days of age, starting at the nose and leaving them almost entirely hairless by about two months of age. They retain whiskers and sometimes a few hairs on their feet.
Baldwins are known for having skin of a rubbery texture, many wrinkles and large, droopy ears. They come in all colors and patterns that haired guinea pigs come in, such as Dutch, tortoiseshell, broken colors, Himalayan and selfs.

## Unique traits

Hairless guinea pigs are not significantly physiologically different than regular haired guinea pigs, although they need to eat more to maintain body heat. The optimal temperature range for a hairless guinea pig is 75 to 79 °F (24 to 26 °C), which is slightly higher than the optimal temperature range for the haired guinea pig.
Their skin has a similar appearance to human skin, but has a more rubbery texture. Their skin is quite vulnerable to sunburn, other injuries and fungal infections unless precautions are taken. Baldwin guinea pigs should be housed indoors and they are usually kept with nesting materials such as a blanket, fleece bag or small plastic or wooden house for heat conservation. Heating pads or other external heat sources may be needed when the weather is cold.
The gene causing hairlessness in Baldwin guinea pigs is a recessive gene, and breeding two Baldwins together will always result in all offspring being Baldwins. Breeding a Baldwin guinea pig to a standard haired guinea pig will result in offspring that all carry one copy of the gene, but none will express hairlessness. These offspring are generally called Baldwin carriers. Breeding two Baldwin carriers together will (on average) result in 25% offspring being Baldwins, 50% offspring being Baldwin carriers and 25% offspring being regular haired guinea pigs that do not carry the gene. Since the chance of getting a Baldwin is low, and because it is not possible to visually tell the difference between a haired guinea pig that does carry the gene and one that does not, this method of breeding is not recommended. Haired Baldwin carriers remain haired (looking like normal guinea pigs) their entire life.
There is a second type of hairless guinea pig called the Skinny pig, but its hairlessness is the result of a completely different recessive gene. Breeding a Skinny pig with a Baldwin will result entirely in offspring that are haired yet carry one copy of the gene for Skinny pig hairlessness and one copy of the gene for Baldwin hairlessness.
Even though the Baldwin is a relatively new breed among pet owners and cavy fanciers, it is gaining popularity for its unique appearance.
# 1889 Pakhmutova

1889 Pakhmutova, provisional designation 1968 BE, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on 24 January 1968. The asteroid was named after Russian composer Aleksandra Pakhmutova.

## Orbit and classification

Pakhmutova orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,984 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1942 JM at Johannesburg Observatory in 1942. Its first used observation was made in 1968, when it was identified as 1966 US at the discovering observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 2 years prior to its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

Pakhmutova has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

### Diameter and albedo

This asteroid has a mean-diameter between 33.53 and 37.68 kilometers, and an albedo between 0.05 and 0.0752, as measured by the space-based Akari, IRAS and WISE/NEOWISE surveys. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0574 and a diameter of 33.41 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.1.

### Rotation period and poles

In February 2006, a rotational lightcurve was obtained by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 17.490 hours with a brightness variation of 0.50 in magnitude (U=3-). Photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in February 2012, gave a period of 17.5226 hours and an amplitude of 0.49 magnitude (U=2).
In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources gave a period 17.5157 hours, as well as a spin axis of (22.0°, –76.0°; 167.0°, –40.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (U=2).

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of the Russian composer Aleksandra Pakhmutova, one of the best known figures in Soviet and later Russian popular music. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3936).
# Amantis gestri

Amantis gestri is a species of praying mantis native to the Philippines.
# Progressive Party (Cape Colony)

The Progressive Party of the Cape Colony was a political party in the Cape Parliament that was primarily composed of and supported by white immigrants to the Cape. It supported pro-imperialist policies, and was in power from 1900 until 1908.

## History

The Progressive Party formed in the late 1890s from the pro-imperialist politics of politicians such as Cecil John Rhodes, Alfred Milner and John Gordon Sprigg.
They initially formed the opposition to the government of Prime Minister William Philip Schreiner, after they lost the 1898 election to him. However, the Progressives came to power on 18 June 1900 under Prime Minister John Gordon Sprigg, and later under Prime Minister Leander Starr Jameson.
They lost power on 2 February 1908, to the opposition South African Party under John X. Merriman. After this election the Progressives renamed themselves the "Union Party".
The similarly named "Progressive Movement" started in the neighbouring Transvaal in 1891 as a movement of wealthy foreign immigrants (or "Uitlanders") who opposed the Afrikaner government of the Transvaal. Just before Union, they became the "Progressive Association of the Transvaal". They won 21 of the 69 seats in the 1907 elections, losing to Het Volk Party which won 39 seats.
After the creation of the Union of South Africa, the Union Party of the Cape, the Progressive Association of the Transvaal and the Constitutional Party of the Orange Free State merged to form the Unionist Party.
# 1956–57 Sussex County Football League

The 1956–57 Sussex County Football League season was the 32nd in the history of the competition.
Division 1 was reduced to sixteen teams as Eastbourne United left the league and Rye United being promoted from Division 2. Division 2 now featured fifteen teams from which the winner would be promoted into Division 1.

## Division One

The division featured 16 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:
* Rye United, promoted from last season's Division Two
Hove White Rovers changed name to Hove Town.

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Bexhill Town Athletic | 30 | 18 | 7 | 5 | 86 | 52 | 1.654 | 43 | |
| 2 | Whitehawk & Manor Farm Old Boys | 30 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 89 | 57 | 1.561 | 41 | |
| 3 | Arundel | 30 | 19 | 3 | 8 | 93 | 66 | 1.409 | 41 | |
| 4 | Bognor Regis Town | 30 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 96 | 71 | 1.352 | 39 | |
| 5 | Chichester City | 30 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 87 | 58 | 1.500 | 37 | |
| 6 | Littlehampton Town | 30 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 91 | 71 | 1.282 | 37 | |
| 7 | Southwick | 30 | 14 | 4 | 12 | 60 | 58 | 1.034 | 32 | |
| 8 | Lewes | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 58 | 59 | 0.983 | 29 | |
| 9 | Rye United | 30 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 65 | 82 | 0.793 | 26 | |
| 10 | Hove Town | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 56 | 81 | 0.691 | 26 | |
| 11 | Brighton Old Grammarians | 30 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 72 | 81 | 0.889 | 25 | |
| 12 | Newhaven | 30 | 11 | 2 | 17 | 61 | 76 | 0.803 | 24 | |
| 13 | Shoreham | 30 | 11 | 1 | 18 | 63 | 68 | 0.926 | 23 | |
| 14 | East Grinstead | 30 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 59 | 81 | 0.728 | 21 | |
| 15 | Wigmore Athletic | 30 | 8 | 4 | 18 | 49 | 80 | 0.613 | 20 | |
| 16 | Lancing Athletic | 30 | 8 | 0 | 22 | 48 | 92 | 0.522 | 16 | Relegated to Division Two |

## Division Two

The division featured 15 clubs, 12 which competed in the last season, along with three new clubs:
* Three Bridges United, relegated from last season's Division One
* Brighton North End
* Old Varndeanians

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | APV Athletic | 28 | 23 | 3 | 2 | 131 | 51 | 2.569 | 49 | Promoted to Division One |
| 2 | Old Varndeanians | 28 | 23 | 2 | 3 | 155 | 42 | 3.690 | 48 | |
| 3 | Sidley United | 28 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 100 | 56 | 1.786 | 42 | |
| 4 | Three Bridges United | 28 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 123 | 53 | 2.321 | 40 | |
| 5 | Hailsham | 28 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 76 | 74 | 1.027 | 31 | |
| 6 | Moulsecoomb Rovers | 28 | 13 | 5 | 10 | 79 | 78 | 1.013 | 31 | |
| 7 | Brighton North End | 28 | 12 | 4 | 12 | 80 | 84 | 0.952 | 28 | |
| 8 | Hastings Rangers | 28 | 12 | 2 | 14 | 65 | 93 | 0.699 | 26 | |
| 9 | Battle Rangers | 28 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 55 | 74 | 0.743 | 25 | |
| 10 | Hastings & St Leonards | 28 | 8 | 5 | 15 | 84 | 88 | 0.955 | 21 | |
| 11 | Goldstone | 28 | 10 | 1 | 17 | 57 | 69 | 0.826 | 21 | |
| 12 | Cuckfield | 28 | 9 | 3 | 16 | 64 | 97 | 0.660 | 21 | |
| 13 | Seaford Town | 28 | 7 | 1 | 20 | 75 | 116 | 0.647 | 15 | |
| 14 | Chichester United | 28 | 5 | 3 | 20 | 50 | 134 | 0.373 | 13 | Left the league |
| 15 | Uckfield Town | 28 | 4 | 1 | 23 | 51 | 136 | 0.375 | 9 | |
# Bitterscote

Bitterscote is an area of Tamworth, Staffordshire that is close to the town centre and contains major retail outlets in a development known as Ventura Park.
52°37′39″N 1°42′02″W﻿ / ﻿52.6274°N 1.7005°W﻿ / 52.6274; -1.7005
* This Staffordshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kızılağaç, Muş

Kızılağaç is a town (belde) in the Muş District, Muş Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,694 (2022).
# Proliferating epidermoid cyst

Proliferating epidermoid cysts are a cutaneous condition characterized by tumors that have deep invasion, and are associated with anaplasia and a high mitotic rate.$^{:677}$