OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pedagogical pattern

A pedagogical pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a problem or task in pedagogy, analogous to how a design pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. Pedagogical patterns are used to document and share best practices of teaching. A network of interrelated pedagogical patterns is an example of a pattern language.

## Overview

In a 2001 paper for SIGCSE, Joseph Bergin wrote:
   A pattern is supposed to capture best practice in some domain. Pedagogical patterns try to capture expert knowledge of the practice of teaching. [...] The intent [of pedagogical patterns] is to capture the essence of the practice in a compact form that can be easily communicated to those who need the knowledge. Presenting this information in a coherent and accessible form can mean the difference between every new instructor needing to relearn what is known by senior faculty and easy transference of knowledge of teaching within the community.

## Example structure of a pattern

Mitchell Weisburgh proposed nine aspects to documenting a pedagogical pattern for a certain skill. Not every pattern needs to include all nine. His listing is reproduced below:
* Name – single word or short phrase that refers to the pattern. This allows for rapid association and retrieval.
* Problem – definition of a problem, including its intent or a desired outcome, and symptoms that would indicate that this problem exists.
* Context – preconditions which must exist in order for that problem to occur; this is often a situation. When forces conflict, the resolutions of those conflicts is often implied by the context.
* Forces – description of forces or constraints and how they interact. Some of the forces may be contradictory. For example: being thorough often conflicts with time or money constraints.
* Solution – instructions, possibly including variants. The solution may include pictures, diagrams, prose, or other media.
* Examples – sample applications and solutions, analogies, visual examples, and known uses can be especially helpful, help user understand the context
* Resulting Context – result after the pattern has been applied, including postconditions and side effects. It might also include new problems that might result from solving the original problem.
* Rationale – the thought processes that would go into selecting this pattern, The rationale includes an explanation of why this pattern works, how forces and constraints are resolved to construct a desired outcome.
* Related Patterns – differences and relationships with other patterns, possibly predecessor, antecedents, or alternatives that solve similar problems.
# Balaka samoensis

Balaka samoensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is endemic to Samoa.
# Against Me! (disambiguation)

Against Me! is an American punk rock band.
Against Me! may also refer to their albums:
* Against Me! (demo), 1997
* Against Me! (2000 EP)
* Against Me! (2001 EP)
# Gangsta Blues

Gangsta Blues is the fifth studio album by Jamaican recording artist Tanya Stephens. This album was probably the most politically driven album with tracks like "What a Day", "The Other Cheek" and "Sound of My Tears". The album also has a lovers rock feel to it (as is common in Tanya's albums) with songs such as "Good Ride" and "It's a Pity" (with the latter giving her international success).

## Background

Recording for the album took place in-between 2001 and 2004. It was recorded across various recording studios in Jamaica and America. Production came from her longtime life partner Andrew Henton among many others including Neil Amos, Romain "Sherkhan" Chiffre, Mr. Doo, Philip "Fatis" Burrell, Steven Stanley, and Digital B, with writing coming from Tanya herself on every track, Andrew on most plus a lot of other writers throughout the album. The general topics covered on Gangsta Blues range from government, the current quality of modern music, love & politics.

## Reception

Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times described the music as "acoustic-guitar laments and joyful digital dancehall", and in Sanneh's view the album is "full of witty reggae protest songs". Vibe's Rob Kenner regarded it as Stephens' best album to date. Allmusic writer Rick Anderson gave it two and half stars out of five, describing the rhythms as "expert but not exactly revelatory ", and the lyrics "mostly a predictable mix of defensive braggadocio and by-the-numbers slackness", but picking out "Little White Lie", "What's Your Story", and "It's a Pity" for particular praise.

## Chart History
### Billboard

* Billboard Reggae albums - 10

## Personnel

* Writers - V. Stephenson, C. Grant, W. Jean, A. Henton, C. Lawrence, R. Myrie, P Baigorry, J. Buggon, L. Topp, C. Dodd, H. Reddy, R. Burton, E. Getthard, H. Seaton
* Producers - Dave Kelly, Tony Kelly, Andrew Henton, Barry O'Hare, Neil Amos, Romain "Sherkhan" Chiffre, Tanya Stephens, Mr. Doo, Phillip 'Fattis' Burrell, Louis "Flabba" Malcolm, Anthony Senior, Boris Silvera, Steven Stanley, Digiteal B
* Editing & Mixing - Paul Shields of VP Records
* Cover Art photography - William Richards
* Cover Art design - Kerry DeBruce
* Publishing - VP Records, Tarantula Records, Warner/Chappell, STB Music, Topp Entertainment, Jamrec Music

## Please note

* Information such as Writers & Personnel is taken directly from the CD inlay.
# Isiala-Ngwa

Isiala-Ngwa may refer to:
* One of two local government areas of Abia State, Nigeria:
** Isiala-Ngwa North
** Isiala-Ngwa South
* Diocese of Isiala-Ngwa, an Anglican diocese
# Gephyromantis granulatus

Gephyromantis granulatus, commonly known as the grainy Madagascar frog, is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest.
# Leo Hanin

Arie Leo Hanin (20 November 1913 – 21 September 2008) was a Lithuanian-American political activist.
Born into a Jewish family in November 1913 in Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), then in Russian Empire, he and his family left for Harbin, Manchuria (northern China), in 1916. There Leo joined a Zionist group and studied Jewish history at a Jewish primary school, and then studied at a Russian secondary school. When Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931, he went to Shanghai where attended a British school, and also served in the Jewish Shanghai Volunteer Corps. He was a leader of Shanghai Betar, the Revisionist Zionist youth organization.
In 1937, he moved to Kobe, Japan, to work in a textile firm. The small Jewish community there elected him its honorary secretary. From August 1940 to November 1941 two thousand Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugees, who were saved from the Holocaust by the Japanese viceconsul in Kaunas, Lithuania, Chiune Sugihara, arrived into Kobe. The Jewish community helped them by finding homes, donating medical supplies and clothing, and arranging, by the Polish ambassador to Japan Tadeusz Romer, their visas so they could stay on in Japan.
In 1942 he returned to Shanghai and spent the rest of the war working there. He emigrated to Israel in 1948 and next moved to the United States where he became a naturalized citizen on March 9, 1962.
He described the Jewish community in Kobe and its activities in a special interview in 1999. Hanin died in September 2008 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 94.
# Saquisilí

Saquisilí is a town in the Cotopaxi Province of Ecuador. It is the seat of the Saquisilí Canton. Sasquisilí is located about 25 minutes from Latacunga and 2.5 hours from Quito. The town, located off the Pan-American Highway, is best known for the local market held in its eight plazas on Thursdays . Unlike Otavalo, the market is mainly for locals from the highlands who come to buy pots and pans, electronics, herbal remedies, livestock or produce . To go to the animal market, arrive between 7 and 9 a.m.
Traditional food is available in the market, which serves the local population rather than the tourist trade.
* This Ecuador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ostravak

Ostravak is a political movement in Ostrava, Czech Republic, that arose just before the 2010 municipal elections in response to "clientelism, arrogance of power, unprofessionalism, disrespect for the law, inefficient and uneconomical use of Ostrava property". Ostravak is a regional movement without national affiliation or ambitions to nationwide political participation. The Ostravak citizens' movement originated from the civic association "We Live in the City - Our Ostrava".

## Main goals

One of the main goals of the movement was to disrupt the existing grand coalition of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), which they argued often did not respect the interests of the city's citizens.

## Elections

Apart from municipal and senate elections, the Ostravak movement does not participate in elections.
In the 2010 municipal elections, Ostravak ran only for the City of Ostrava (gaining 10 seats). and to Moravian Ostrava and Přívoz (gain of 10 seats). In Moravská Ostrava and Přívoz, the movement's increase in seats was more than that of the ODS (8 seats) and the ČSSD (9 seats).
In the 2012 Senate election, Leopold Sulovský, a candidate for the Ostravak civic movement, was elected in the Ostrava-město district. In the 2018, Sulovský defended his Senate seat, taking 59.89% of the vote.

## Electoral results

| Year | Votes | Votes | Mandates | Mandates |
| Year | abs. | % | abs. | % |
| 2010 | 774 985 | 0,86% | 20 | 0,03% |
| 2014 | 797 271 | 6,73 | 55 | 1,31 |

## Sponsorship

Since its inception, Ostravak has received donations from citizens to a total of CZK 3,604,700. According to Marek Stoniš from Reflex Ostravak, the civic movement serves to promote the interests of businessman Lukáš Semerák, chairman of the board and co-owner of the real estate company S.P.I. Holdings, which is the largest donor to the movement.
# Roger Tian-hung Luo

Roger Tien-hung Luo (commonly referred to as Roger Luo, traditional Chinese: 羅添宏; simplified Chinese: 罗添宏) is a Taiwanese diplomat. He served as Taiwanese ambassador to the Solomon Islands between 2017 and 2019 and was preceded by Victor Yu.

## Biography

After Luo successfully completed the special examination for diplomats in 1983, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He had posts in the Philippines, Swaziland, and St. Vincent. He met Hsing Yun, the founder of Buddha's Light International Association, in 1999. Luo was based in Busan in South Korea for six years during which he shared over 1,000 photos and 360 travel stories on his blog "Having More Fun in Korea Than Koreans" (Chinese: 比韓國人還會玩韓國). He was the deputy director of the Bureau of Consular Affairs in 2014.
Luo was appointed the Taiwanese ambassador to the Solomon Islands, a position he served in between January 2017 to August 2019. His wife joined him when Frank Kabui, the Governor-General of Solomon Islands, received his diplomatic credentials. While stationed at various locations, he took part in numerous commemorative events related to war and viewed military antiques. He authored the book My Time in Solomon Islands: World War II Battleground through the eyes of an Ambassador (Chinese: 我在索羅門群島：台灣大使的美日戰場見聞錄), which was published in 2021. In a book review, Citi Cui of the China Times wrote, "After the author's careful study and on-the-spot observation, this book is easy to read, allowing readers to quickly understand the combat history of the United States and Japan in the Solomon Islands during World War II."
# Dyschromia

Dyschromia refers to an alteration of the color of the skin or nails.
Hyperchromia can refer to hyperpigmentation, and hypochromia can refer to hypopigmentation.
Dyschromatoses involve both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules.
# Bagnolians

The Bagnolians were a sect in the 8th century, deemed heretical, who rejected the Old Testament and part of the New Testament. They held the world to be eternal, and affirmed that God did not create the soul, when he infused it into the body. They derived their name from Bagnols, a city in Languedoc, France. Their doctrine generally agreed with that of the Manicheans.
# Aethes macasiana

Aethes macasiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Morona-Santiago Province).
# Gangsta Bitch

"Gangsta Bitch" is the debut single released from Apache's debut album, Apache Ain't Shit. Produced by Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest, "Gangsta Bitch" became Apache's only charting single, making it to No. 67 on the Billboard Hot 100. It contains a sample of "Love and Happiness" by Monty Alexander, originally made famous by Al Green.
"Gangsta Bitch" later appeared in the 2008 video game, Saints Row 2.

## Single track listing

* "Gangsta Bitch" (Original Version)- 4:47
* "Gangsta Bitch" (Clean Version)- 4:44
* "Apache Ain't Shit" (LP Version)- 3:33
* "Gangsta Bitch" (Clean Version Edit)- 4:21
* "Gangsta Bitch" (Instrumental)- 4:47

## Charts

| Chart | Position |
| Billboard Hot 100 | 67 |
| Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 49 |
| Hot Rap Singles | 11 |
| Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales | 4 |
# Issik Qaghan

Kara Issik Qaghan (Chinese: 乙息記可汗; pinyin: Yǐxījì kěhàn) was the second ruler of the Turkic Khaganate.

## Biography

His personal name was Ashina Keluo (Chinese: 阿史那科罗) which is reconstructible in Middle Chinese as *kʰuâ-lâ, which is transliterated as either Old Turkic Qara. His regnal name Yixiji was reconstructed by Ahmet Taşağıl as Ilji. He is also referred to as Ayi Qaghan (阿逸可汗) in Cefu Yuangui.
During his brief rule, he defeated the Rouran khagan Yujiulü Dengzhu near Mulai Mountain to north of Woye Town (modern Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia). He is recorded to have sent a tribute of 50,000 horses to Western Wei in May 553. He died the same year after an illness and was succeeded by his younger brother Yandou.
# Leptosiphon grandiflorus

Leptosiphon grandiflorus (syn. Linanthus grandiflorus) is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names large-flower linanthus and large flowered leptosiphon.

## Distribution

It is endemic to California, where it is known from the California Coast Ranges of the Central Coast and the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows below 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) in chaparral, coastal prairie, coastal sage scrub, closed-cone pine forest, grassland, and oak woodland habitats.
It is California Department of Fish and Wildlife and IUCN listed Vulnerable species, and is on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants. Its current range is uncertain because many known occurrences of the plant have been extirpated.

## Description

Leptosiphon grandiflorus is an annual herb producing a hairy stem with occasional leaves which are each divided into linear lobes up to 3 centimeters (1.2 in) long.
The inflorescence at the tip of the stem is a loose cluster of a few white or pinkish funnel-shaped flowers with lobes up to 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) long. The bloom period is April to July.
# Lemontree, Queensland

Lemontree is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Lemontree had a population of 27 people.

## Geography

The northeastern boundary is aligned with the Condamine River. The main occupation is raising sheep, beef cattle and fodder.
Millmerran–Cecil Plains Road runs along the western boundary.

## History

The name Lemontree comes from a pastoral run in the district, whose name in turn came from the Lemon Tree Lagoon, a place where lemons grew.
Lemontree was part of the original vast Yandilla station established by the Gore brothers, St. George Richard Gore and Ralph Thomas Gore, in 1841. It was opened for settlement under the Crown Lands Alienation Act of 1876 when the Gore lease expired in 1887.
In 1879, it was organized into part of the Jondaryan Division which became a shire in 1903. In 1913, along with other lands in and around the town of Millmerran, it became part of the Shire of Millmerran. In 2008 the area was incorporated into the new Toowoomba Region.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Lemontree had a population of 45 people.
In the 2021 census, Lemontree had a population of 27 people.
# 2023 Dartmouth Big Green football team

The 2023 Dartmouth Big Green football team represented Dartmouth College in the 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season as a member of the Ivy League. The team was to be led by 23rd-year head coach Buddy Teevens, but interim head coach Sammy McCorkle took over play-calling as Teevens recovered from injuries sustained in a bicycle crash which ultimately took his life. McCorkle was later promoted from interim head coach to permanent head coach on October 19. With three straight conference victories against Princeton, Cornell, and Brown in the final three weeks of the season, in combination with a Yale victory over Harvard in the season's final week, the Dartmouth Big Green won a share of the Ivy League title. They played their home games at Memorial Field.
Following the season's conclusion, Sammy McCorkle was named the Ivy League Coach of the Year for 2023. Additionally, nine Dartmouth players won a total of ten all-Ivy League selections, tying with Harvard, Yale, and Penn. Offensive lineman Nick Schwitzgebel, defensive lineman Charlie Looes, and kicker Owen Zalc won first-team honors. Receiver Paxton Scott, defensive lineman Josiah Green, linebackers Macklin Ayers and Marques White, and Sean Williams (as both defensive back and right safety) won second-team honors. Offensive lineman Delby Lemieux and Kyle Brown, quarterback Nick Howard, running back Q Jones, and tight end Nic Sani received honorable mentions.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 16 | 6:00 p.m. | at No. 11 New Hampshire* | Wildcat StadiumDurham, NH (rivalry) | FloSports | L 7–24 | 8,330 |
| September 23 | 1:30 p.m. | Lehigh* | Memorial FieldHanover, NH | ESPN+ | W 34–17 | 3,641 |
| September 30 | 1:00 p.m. | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | ESPN+ | W 23–20 $^{OT}$ | 7,970 |
| October 7 | 1:30 p.m. | Yale | Memorial FieldHanover, NH | ESPN+ | L 24–31 | 2,880 |
| October 14 | 1:00 p.m. | at Colgate* | Andy Kerr StadiumHamilton, NY | ESPN+ | L 24–27 $^{OT}$ | 2,732 |
| October 21 | 1:30 p.m. | Columbia | Memorial FieldHanover, NH | ESPN+ | W 20–9 | 4,188 |
| October 28 | 4:00 p.m. | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA (rivalry) | NESN, ESPN+ | L 9–17 | 22,515 |
| November 3 | 7:00 p.m. | Princeton | Memorial FieldHanover, NH | ESPNU | W 23–21 | 2,526 |
| November 11 | 1:30 p.m. | Cornell | Memorial FieldHanover, NH (rivalry) | ESPN+ | W 30–14 | 2,530 |
| November 18 | 12:00 p.m. | at Brown | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | NESN, ESPN+ | W 38–13 | 1,531 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from STATS Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Osterley (1771 EIC ship)

Osterley was an East Indiaman launched on 9 October 1771 by Wells, Deptford. She made two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) before the French frigate Pourvoyeuse captured her on 21 February 1779 while she was on her third voyage. She then sailed for a few years as a French merchantman.

## Career

1st EIC voyage (1771–1773): Captain Francis Fortescue sailed from the Downs on 18 May 1772, bound for Bencoolen and China. Osterley reached Bencoolen on 18 May 1772, and arrived at Whampoa Anchorage on 1 August. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 1 December, reached the Cape of Good Hope (the Cape) on 23 February 1783, St Helena on 13 March, and Ascension Island on 23 March, and arrived back at the Downs on 26 May.
2nd EIC voyage (1774–1776): Captain Fortescue sailed from the Downs on 26 December 1774, bound for St Helena and Bencoolen. Osterley reached St Helena on 11 March 1775 and Simon's Bay on 19 May before arriving at Bencoolen on 5 August. She then visited two ports on Sumatra (Manna on 10 November, and Pring on 27 November, before returning to Bencoolen on 24 December. Homeward bound, she was at St Helena again on 12 May 1776, and arrived back at the Downs on 17 August.
3rd EIC voyage (1778-capture): Captain Samuel Rogers sailed from Plymouth on 9 February 1778, bound for Madras and Bengal. British records give the date of her capture as 22 February 1779, suggesting that she was homeward bound at the time of her capture.

## Capture and fate

On 6 May 1779, Pourvoyeuse, under Captain Saint-Orens captured Osterley off Cape Agulhas, helped by the armed merchantman Elisabeth. In early June, Osterley, Pourvoyeuse, and Elisabeth arrived at Île de France (Mauritius).
Funds from the sale of the cargo were embezzled, leading to a heated dispute. Tronjoli, commander of the French forces in the Indian Ocean, demanded that Saint-Orens explain himself. The day before he was to testify before the authorities, Saint-Orens was found dead, officially from an aneurism, although rumour said that he had been mortally wounded in a sword duel with a M. Villeneuve, formerly a Counselor at Pondichéry.
After Tronjoly was recalled to France and transferred command of the French forces to Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves, he embarked on Osterley to return to Brest. He arrived in late April 1781.
She was sold as a merchant ship at Isle de France in January 1783. She continued to sail in the Indian Ocean until at least 1784.
# Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge

Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge may refer to:
* Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge (Columbia, Pennsylvania), over the Susquehanna River
* Morrisville–Trenton Railroad Bridge, over the Delaware River
* Canal Street railroad bridge, Chicago, Illinois
* Fourteenth Street Bridge (Ohio River), Louisville, Kentucky
* Delta Trestle Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Delta, Pennsylvania
* Pennsylvania Railroad Old Bridge over Standing Stone Creek, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
* Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge over Shavers Creek, Petersburg, Pennsylvania
* Fort Wayne Railroad Bridge, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge
* Muddy Creek Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Sunnyburn, Pennsylvania
* Stone Bridge (Johnstown, Pennsylvania)
# Balaruc

Balaruc is a former commune of the Hérault department in southern France. It was suppressed in 1886 and split into two new separate communes:
* Baillargues-et-Colombier, renamed Balaruc-les-Bains in 1908, and
* Balaruc-le-Vieux
43°27′25″N 3°41′23″E﻿ / ﻿43.4569°N 3.689777°E﻿ / 43.4569; 3.689777
* This Hérault geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Afshari (Persian music)

Avaz e Afshari (Persian:آواز افشاری) is one of the branches of Dastgah-e Shur in Persian classical music. It is cited as an independent modal system of Iranian music from the past. Afshari was noted as full of sadness. This mode has many sad and plaintive songs or pleasant ones.

## Branches

This mode has some branches including:
* Daramad (preface)
* Jame daran
* Hesar
* Araq
* Hazin
* Nahib
* Rahawi
* Qara'i
* Masnavi
* Sadri
# Ganson

Ganson is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Arthur Ganson (born 1955), American sculptor
* John Ganson (1818–1874), American lawyer and politician
* Josh Ganson (born 1998), English rugby league player
* Lewis Ganson (1913–1980), English magician
* Steve Ganson (born 1970), English rugby league referee
Given name:
# Issiglio

Issiglio is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Turin.
Issiglio borders the following municipalities: Castellamonte, Val di Chy, Rueglio, Vistrorio, and Vidracco.
# Gephyromantis sculpturatus

Gephyromantis sculpturatus, commonly known as the sculpted Madagascar frog, is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.