OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donetta Ambrose

Donetta Wypiski Ambrose (born November 5, 1945) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Ambrose was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. Her father, Chester Wypiski, worked at the Alcoa mill.
She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Duquesne University in 1967 and a Juris Doctor from Duquesne University School of Law in 1970.

## Career as lawyer and state judge

She was a law clerk to Louis Manderino of Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania from 1970 to 1971. She was an assistant attorney general of Pennsylvania Department of Justice from 1972 to 1974, thereafter entering private practice in New Kensington until 1981. For a time in the mid-1970s, Ambrose was the only woman practicing law in Westmoreland County.
She was an assistant district attorney in the Westmoreland County District Attorney's Office from 1977 to 1981, a part-time role. As a prosecutor, she was part of the team handling the "Kill for Thrill" case against John Lesko and Michael Travaglia, who were convicted of slaying four people in Western Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1980.
She was a judge of the Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas from 1982 to 1993. As a state judge, she worked on hundreds of asbestos cases, fashioning a formula that helped settle most of the county's asbestos litigation. She left the state court to accept an appointment to the federal bench.

## Federal judicial service

On October 25, 1993, Ambrose was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania vacated by Gerald Joseph Weber. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1993, and received her commission on November 24, 1993. Upon the elevation of D. Brooks Smith to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, Judge Ambrose became Chief Judge for the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, and served in that capacity until 2009.
While on the federal bench, Ambrose presided over the civil trial against Atlantic Richfield and Babcock & Wilcox, and others, alleging that radioactive emissions from its nuclear-fuel facility in Apollo caused a cancer cluster in the surrounding area. The case was one of the longest-running cases in the history of the U.S. District Court of Western Pennsylvania, running for 14 years and ultimately settling for $52.5 million.
In 2022, Ambrose presided over pretrial hearings in the federal death penalty case against Robert Bowers, who was indicted on charges of murdering 11 congregants in a gun massacre at a Pittsburgh synagogue.
Ambrose assumed senior status (semi-retirement) on November 5, 2010. Ambrose retired (assumed inactive senior status) on February 1, 2022, after 28 years on the federal bench. The Bowers case was randomly reassigned to a different judge upon her retirement.

## Personal life

In her early years on the federal bench, Ambrose lived in Lower Burrell; Ambrose later moved to Oakmont.
# Curt Geyer

Curt Theodore Geyer (19 November 1891 – 24 June 1967) was a German socialist politician, historian and journalist.
Born in Leipzig, Geyer was the son of Friedrich Geyer, a prominent social democrat. Geyer followed his father in joining the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and studied history at university, receiving a doctorate in 1914. He became a newspaper editor on various local SPD publications, but he opposed World War I and so joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), losing his job. He found work with the Leipziger Volkszeitung, and was the USPD's leading figure in the city during the German Revolution of 1918-1919. He was active in the Workers' and Soldiers' Congress, and won election to the Weimar National Assembly, and then the Reichstag.
Although Geyer lost influence in Leipzig to the right-wing of the USPD, he remained a national figure, and an early advocate of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He became editor of the Hamburger Volkszeitung, and then co-editor of the Kommunistische Rundschau. He was also elected to the central committee of the KPD.
In 1921, Geyer resigned from the KPD, in sympathy with Paul Levi, joining the Communist Working Group, then the USPD and the SPD. He lost his seat in the Reichstag in 1924, and became an editor on Vorwärts. When the Nazis came to power, in 1933, he fled to Prague, and then onto Paris, where he became editor of the Neuen Vorwärts. He helped German emigrants escape the advancing Nazis before, in 1941, emigrating to the United Kingdom. There, he became sympathetic to the anti-German ideas of Robert Vansittart, joining the Fight for Freedom group, and being excluded from the Union of German Socialist Organisations in Great Britain.
Geyer remained in London after World War II, and wrote for various West German newspapers.
# Cybele bellatula

Cybele bellatula is the fossil of an extinct trilobite from the Lower Ordovician. The genus was named after Cybele, the ancient Oriental and Greco-Roman goddess representing Gaia, the deified Earth Mother. The specific name means 'pretty, little' and is used as a term of endearment.
Cybele bellatula grew to a maximum of about 45 millimetres (1.8 in) with an intriguing morphology; it shows deep, thin lateral furrows, long eye-stalks, exceeding the cephalon in length, and a tiny visual surface; its eye-stalks are about 0.5 mm in diameter; its glabella is covered in tubercles. This trilobite fossil occurs in Russia, Sweden and Norway.
The Encrinuridae were a family of trilobites that occurred over regions that would eventually be Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. They flourished in the Paleozoic from the Middle Ordovician to the Early Devonian, that is for a period of about 67 million years from 479 to 412 million years ago.
The trilobites were a large and diverse group, numbering over 10,000 species. They appeared, flourished and became extinct in the Paleozoic. In the early Paleozoic their success was such that they outnumbered and were more diverse than most of their contemporaries.
# Curuá River (Iriri River tributary)

The Curuá River is a tributary of the Iriri River in Pará state in north-central Brazil. The river flows through the Tapajós-Xingu moist forests ecoregion. The river rises in the 342,192 hectares (845,570 acres) Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit established in 2005. It is one of the headwaters of the Xingu River.
The upper part and the lower part of the Curuá River are divided by two waterfalls, only 50 m (160 ft) apart. The first waterfall is 60 m (200 ft) tall and the second is 40 m (130 ft) tall. As a consequence, the fauna in the upper part, above the waterfalls on the Serra do Cachimbo plateau, is highly distinct and includes several endemic fish: three Lebiasina species, Brachychalcinus reisi, Erythrocharax altipinnis, Jupiaba kurua, Knodus nuptialis, Moenkhausia petymbuaba, Leporinus guttatus, three Harttia species, three Apistogramma species (including A. kullanderi, the largest in the genus), and others. These are to some extent protected by the reserve, but habitat loss continues and the proposed building of dams, which would remove the waterfalls that isolate the endemics from more widespread species in the lower part, potentially represents a serious threat.
# Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual pursuit C1–3

The women's C1–3 individual pursuit event in cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held on 30 August at the London Velopark. Ten riders from eight nations competed.
The competition began with five head to head races between the ten riders. These races were held over a 3000 m course and each rider was given a time for their race. The fastest two riders were advanced to the gold medal final whilst the third and fourth fastest times raced it out for the bronze.
The gold medal was eventually won by Zeng Sini of China, while Simone Kennedy of Australia took the silver and Allison Jones of the United States took bronze.

## Qualification

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Class | Time |
| 1 | Zeng Sini | China | C2 | 4:19.841 |
| 2 | Simone Kennedy | Australia | C3 | 4:23.450 |
| 3 | Denise Schindler | Germany | C3 | 4:24.589 |
| 4 | Allison Jones | United States | C2 | 4:28.504 |
| 5 | Alyda Norbruis | Netherlands | C2 | 4:30.507 |
| 6 | He Yin | China | C2 | 4:34.515 |
| 7 | Raquel Acinas Poncelas | Spain | C2 | 4:38.537 |
| 8 | Jayme Paris | Australia | C1 | 4:40.123 |
| 9 | Tereza Diepoldova | Czech Republic | C2 | 4:47.356 |
| 10 | Anita Ruetz | Austria | C2 | 5:05.697 |

## Bronze medal race

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Average speed |
| | Allison Jones | United States | 4:27.793 | 40.329 km/h |
| 4 | Denise Schindler | Germany | 4:31.117 | 39.835 km/h |

## Gold medal race

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Average speed |
| | Zeng Sini | China | 4:20.820 | 41.407 km/h |
| | Simone Kennedy | Australia | 4:24.893 | 40.771 km/h |
# Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's road time trial

The women's road time trial cycling events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on 5 September at Brands Hatch.

## Classification

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function. The class number indicates the severity of impairment with "1" being most impaired.
Cycling classes are:
* B: Blind and visually impaired cyclists use a Tandem bicycle with a sighted pilot on the front.
* H 1–4: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their legs use a handcycle.
* T 1–2: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their balance use a tricycle.
* C 1–5: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their legs, arms and/or trunk, but are capable of using a standard bicycle.

## B

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Kathrin Goeken Kim van Dijk Netherlands | Phillipa Gray Laura Thompson New Zealand | Catherine Walsh Francine Meehan Ireland |

## H1–2

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Marianna Davis United States | Karen Darke Great Britain | Ursula Schwaller Switzerland |

## H3

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sandra Graf Switzerland | Monica Bascio United States | Svetlana Moshkovich Russia |

## H4

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Andrea Eskau Germany | Dorothee Vieth Germany | Laura de Vaan Netherlands |

## C1–3

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Allison Jones United States | Tereza Diepoldova Czech Republic | Zeng Sini China |

## C4

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Megan Fisher United States | Susan Powell Australia | Marie-Claude Molnar Canada |

## C5

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sarah Storey Great Britain | Anna Harkowska Poland | Kelly Crowley United States |
# Cuban pine toad

The Cuban pine toad (Peltophryne cataulaciceps), or Schwartz's Caribbean toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to Cuba and found in western Cuba and on the Isla de la Juventud, below 70 m (230 ft) above sea level. Its natural habitats are savannas with pinewood, palms, and sandy soils. Breeding takes place in temporary pools, flooded pastures, and other shallow bodies of standing water; it can be abundant at breeding aggregations, but is otherwise hard to see.

## Conservation

It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and sand extraction. Its habitat is also threatened by the invasive tree, Dichrostachys cinerea.
# Cydia leucostoma

Cydia leucostoma, the tea flush worm, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Indonesia (Java and Brunei).
The wingspan is 11–15 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October.
# Egidijus Juška

Egidius Juška (born 12 March 1975) is a Lithuanian former professional footballer, who last played in the A Lyga the highest level of Lithuanian for Žalgiris Vilnius.

## Career

Juška won two Kazakhstan Super League titles while playing for Irtysh Pavlodar and one Estonian Mesitriliiga title during his second spell at TVMK Tallinn. He plays the position of midfielder and is 1.81 m tall and weighs 78 kg.

## International career

Juška is the former member of the Lithuania national football team.
# S v Hendrix

S v Hendrix, an important case in South African criminal procedure, dealt with s119 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977. The court held that this section and the rest of Chapter 19 do not, where the accused pleads not guilty, envisage a trial, nor that anything more shall be held than a preliminary enquiry in order to clarify the matters in respect of which the State and the accused are at issue.
It is necessary for a "charge" to be put to the accused in order for him to know what the State case against him is eventually going to be. It is necessary for him to "plead" to that charge to indicate what his answer to that charge is.
If his plea is one of guilty, then there is provision for the proceedings to continue to finality.
If his plea is one of not guilty then the proceedings thereafter are not trial proceedings.
Accordingly, the rule that an accused person is entitled to a verdict once he has pleaded has no application as the provision of s106(4) of the CPA relates only to the situation where an accused person pleads to a charge in a court which is trying him on that charge.
# Charles Chubb (ornithologist)

Charles Chubb (31 December 1851 – 25 June 1924) was a British ornithologist.

## Family

Chubb was born in Steeple Langford near Salisbury, England. He married twice, to Ada Albion and Alice Mabel Baker. He had seven children, among them Ernest Charles Chubb who also became an ornithologist and was a museum curator in Durban.
In 1924, Chubb was knocked down by a car outside the Natural History Museum, London, and died two weeks later in that city.

## Career

Chubb began working at the British Museum at the age of 26.
Among the birds he described are Cobb's wren and the tinamou genus Crypturellus.

## Works

* The Birds of British Guiana, based on the collection of Frederick Vavasour McConnell (2 volumes, 1916 and 1921)
* The Birds of South America (1912, with Lord Brabourne)
# Plumett AL-52

The AL-52 is a compressed air launcher of British origin manufactured by Plumett Ltd. The AL-52 is capable of launching grappling hooks for the likes of special forces and line throwing. The AL-52 can also be mounted onto the ground for launching heavier payloads.

## Users

* Ireland - Irish Special Forces
* United Kingdom - UKSF
# Kankhara

Kankhara is a village in Harchandpur block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 808, in 146 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Kankhara as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 213 people (123 male and 90 female), in 39 households and 38 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 367 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Kankhara as having a population of 428 people, in 85 households, and having an area of 149.74 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and juwar.
# Eudemis profundana

Eudemis profundana, common name diamond-back marble, is a moth of the family Tortricidae.

## Description

Eudemis profundana has a wingspan of 14–20 millimetres (0.55–0.79 in). Forewings are rather broad and rounded. The coloration is quite variable, ranging from dark brown to reddish, with greyish marbling and a large whitish dorsal patch. The upper edge of this patch is not deeply indented and the basal fasciae are developed also dorsally. These moths also show a raised reddish-brown mane and unusual starry eyes. They have one brood per year (univoltine). The larvae feed on Quercus and Malus species. They roll a leaf of their host and feed within. Adults are on wing from July to August.

## Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe (except Iceland, Croatia and Greece). It is also found in the Near East.

## Habitat

Eudemis profundana lives in various habitats, mainly in the deciduous woodland, but also in gardens.
# Puerto Sur Airport

Puerto Sur Airport (ICAO: SCIS) is an airport serving Isla Santa María, a Pacific island in the Bío Bío Region of Chile. The island is 31 kilometres (19 mi) west of Coronel.
Northeast approach and departure are over the water.
The Concepcion VOR-DME (Ident: CAR) is located 27.2 nautical miles (50.4 km) northeast of the airport.
# Psychosaura agmosticha

Psychosaura agmosticha is a species of skink found in Brazil.
# Euptera knoopi

Euptera knoopi, or Knoop's euptera, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria (Ubiaja and Ikom). The habitat consists of forests.
# Euploea crameri

Euploea crameri, the spotted black crow, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the Danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

## Description

Shape of the wings as in Euploea godarti, Lucas. Upperside very dark brown, almost black, scarcely at all paler towards the terminal margins; forewings and hindwings with subterminal and terminal series of white spots; on the forewing the spots in the subterminal series much larger than the spots in the terminal series and bent inwards opposite apex, a spot in the apex of the cell often obsolescent and a discal series of four or five spots, of which one or two may be very small or obsolescent; on the hindwing the spots in the subterminal and terminal series sub-equal. Underside chocolate-brown, the white spots as on the upperside but more distinct, and in the hindwing with the addition of a spot in the apex of the cell and five or six discal small spots beyond. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen very dark brown, and, the antennae excepted, spotted with white beneath. Wingspan of 88–94 mm.

## Ecology

The spotted black crow is found in the Indomalayan realm. It is known to undertake seasonal migrations.

## Subspecies

* E. c. crameri Borneo
* E. c. bremeri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860 South Burma - Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore
* E. c. frauenfeldi C. Felder, 1862 Nicobars, Andamans
* E. c. niasica (Moore, 1883) Nias
* E. c. daatensis (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Pulau Daat)
* E. c. labuana (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Labuan)
* E. c. metavica Hagen, 1898 Mentawai Islands
* E. c. nicevillei (Moore, [1890]) Bengal
* E. c. heylaertsi (Moore, [1890]) Sumatra
* E. c. oceanis Doherty, 1891 Enggano
* E. c. pagenstecheri Hagen, 1896 Bawean
* E. c. tenggerensis (Fruhstorfer, 1898) East Java
* E. c. lanista Fruhstorfer, 1904 Natuna Islands
* E. c. nagasena Fruhstorfer, 1906 Batu Islands
* E. c. singaradha Fruhstorfer, 1908 Bali
* E. c. jedja Fruhstorfer, 1911 Banguey
* E. c. praedicabilis Fruhstorfer, 1914 South Vietnam
# Nu Med

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A |
| The Guardian | |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.4/10 |
Nu Med is an album by the Israeli electronica-world fusion trio Balkan Beat Box.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Tamir Muskat/Ori Kaplan, except tracks 2, 5, 9, and 13, by Tamir Muskat/Ori Kaplan/Tomer Yosef.
# Cuboid bone

In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot.

## Structure

The cuboid bone is the most lateral of the bones in the distal row of the tarsus. It is roughly cubical in shape, and presents a prominence in its inferior (or plantar) surface, the tuberosity of the cuboid. The bone provides a groove where the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle passes to reach its insertion in the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones.

### Surfaces

The dorsal surface, directed upward and lateralward, is rough, for the attachment of ligaments.
The plantar surface presents in front a deep groove, the peroneal sulcus, which runs obliquely forward and medialward; it lodges the tendon of the peroneus longus, and is bounded behind by a prominent ridge, to which the long plantar ligament is attached.
The ridge ends laterally in an eminence, the tuberosity, the surface of which presents an oval facet; on this facet glides the sesamoid bone or cartilage frequently found in the tendon of the peroneus longus. The surface of bone behind the groove is rough, for the attachment of the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, a few fibers of the flexor hallucis brevis, and a fasciculus from the tendon of the tibialis posterior.
The lateral surface presents a deep notch formed by the commencement of the peroneal sulcus.
The posterior surface is smooth, triangular, and concavo-convex, for articulation with the anterior surface of the calcaneus (the calcaneocuboid joint); its infero-medial angle projects backward as a process which underlies and supports the anterior end of the calcaneus.
The anterior surface, of smaller size, but also irregularly triangular, is divided by a vertical ridge into two facets, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints: the medial facet, quadrilateral in form, articulates with the fourth metatarsal; the lateral, larger and more triangular, articulates with the fifth.
The medial surface is broad, irregularly quadrilateral, and presents at its middle and upper part a smooth oval facet, for articulation with the third cuneiform; and behind this (occasionally) a smaller facet, for articulation with the navicular bone; it is rough in the rest of its extent, for the attachment of strong interosseous ligaments.

### Muscle attachments

Only one muscle is attached to the cuboid bone; the tibialis posterior. The tibialis posterior inserts to the under surface of the cuboid bone. While the flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the lateral cuneiform bone, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the tibialis posterior.

## Clinical significance

In a condition known as cuboid syndrome, the cuboid can be subluxated downward causing a swollen kind of ache along the central portion of the lateral border of the foot.
# Piano Concerto in A minor

Piano Concerto in A minor may refer to:
* Piano Concerto (Grieg), Op. 16
* Piano Concerto No. 2 (Hummel), Op. 85
* Piano Concerto (Paderewski), Op. 17
* Piano Concerto (Respighi)
* Piano Concerto (Schumann), Op. 54
* Piano Concerto (Clara Schumann), Op. 7