# List of flora and fauna of the Eastern Hills, Bogotá

The Eastern Hills of Bogotá is a threatened but rich area of biodiversity. Various species have been registered in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital.

## Flora

In the Eastern Hills a total of 443 species of flora have been identified, of which 156 species in 111 genera and 64 families of vascular plants.
| Family | Genera | Species |
| Orchideae | 33 | 118 |
| Bromeliaceae | 10 | 47 |
| Asteraceae | 9 | 38 |
| Ericaceae | 8 | 19 |
| Melastomaceae | 9 | 18 |
| Rosaceae | 6 | 15 |
| Rubiaceae | 6 | 11 |
A study published in 2013 lists as most important and characteristic species:
| Name | Species |
| eagle fern | Pteridium aquilinum |
| encenillo | Weinmannia tomentosa |
| | Drimys granadensis |
| | Axinaea macrophylla |
| | Bejaria resinosa |
| | Carex jamesonii |
| | Cavendishia bracteata |
| | Chaetogastra grossa, syn. Tibouchina grossa |
| | Chusquea scandens |
| | Clusia multiflora |
| | Disterigma alaternoides |
| | Gaiadendron punctatum |
| | Holodiscus argenteus |
| | Lycopodium thyoides |
| | Macleania rupestris |
| | Munnozia senecionidis |
| | Myrcianthes rhopaloides |
| | Myrsine coriaceae |
| | Myrsine guianensis |
| | Odontoglossum lindenii |
| | Oreopanax floribundum |
| | Tillandsia pastensis |
| | Tillandsia turneri |
| | Ugni myricoides |
| | Asplenium serra |
| | Begonia urticae |
| | Clethra fimbriata |
| | Diplostephium rosmarinifolium |
| | Elaphoglossum minutum |
| | Geissanthus andinus |
| | Hedyosmun parvifolium |
| | Hypnum amabile |
| | Macrocarpaea glabra |
| | Miconia squamulosa |
| | Monochaetum myrtoideum |
| | Morella parvifolia |
| | Ocotea sericea |
| | Oreopanax bogotensis |
| | Oreopanax mutisianus |
| | Pentacalia vaccinioides |
| | Peperomia rotundata |
| | Persea mutissi |
| | Piper bogotense |
| | Pleurothallis grandiflora |
| | Psychotria boqueronensis |
| | Rhamnus goudotiana |
| | Solanum oblongifolium |
| | Weinmannia rollottii |

## Birds

Colombia is the country with the most recorded bird species (1912 as of 2014) in the world. The biodiversity of bird species in the Eastern Hills is higher than in the parks of urban Bogotá. The northern part of the reserve is richer in bird species due to the dense forests and larger space between the urban zones. Birds of 30 families, 92 genera and 119 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. A study in 2011 provided data on 67 species in an area of 75 hectares (190 acres). The observation stations were between 2,674 metres (8,773 ft) and 3,065 metres (10,056 ft) in elevation.
| Common name | Species |
| white-bellied woodstar | Acestrura mulsant |
| yellow-billed cacique | Amblycercus holosericeus |
| red-crested cotinga | Ampelion rubrocristatus |
| scarlet-bellied mountain tanager | Anisognathus igniventris |
| white-browed brush finch | Arremon torquatus |
| pale-naped brush finch | Atlapetes pallidinucha |
| slaty brush finch | Atlapetes schistaceus |
| russet-crowned warbler | Basileuterus coronatus |
| black-crested warbler | Basileuterus nigrocristatus |
| broad-winged hawk | Buteo platypterus |
| band-winged nightjar | Caprimulgus longirostris |
| band-tailed seedeater | Catamenia analis |
| plain-colored seedeater | Catamenia inornata |
| Swainson's thrush | Catharus ustulatus |
| rufous wren | Cinnycerthia unirufa |
| yellow-billed cuckoo | Coccyzus americanus |
| golden-bellied starfrontlet | Coeligena bonapartei |
| crested bobwhite | Colinus cristatus |
| rufous-browed conebill | Conirostrum rufum |
| black vulture | Coragyps atratus |
| Blackburnian warbler | Dendroica fusca |
| white-sided flowerpiercer | Diglossa albilatera |
| bluish flowerpiercer | Diglossa caerulescens |
| grey-bellied flowerpiercer | Diglossa carbonaria |
| masked flowerpiercer | Diglossa cyanea |
| black flowerpiercer | Diglossa humeralis |
| mountain elaenia | Elaenia frantzii |
| white-tailed kite | Elanus leucurus |
| glowing puffleg | Eriocnemis vestita |
| American kestrel | Falco sparverius |
| Andean pygmy owl | Glaucidium jardinii |
| chestnut-crowned antpitta | Grallaria ruficapilla |
| black-eared hemispingus | Hemispingus melanotis |
| superciliaried hemispingus | Hemispingus superciliaris |
| grey-breasted wood wren | Henicorhina leucophrys |
| barn swallow | Hirundo rustica |
| golden-crowned tanager | Iridosornis rufivertex |
| green-tailed trainbearer | Lesbia nuna |
| white-throated tyrannulet | Mecocerculus leucophrys |
| Tyrian metaltail | Metallura thyrianthina |
| golden-fronted whitestart | Myioborus ornatus |
| streak-throated bush tyrant | Myiotheretes striaticollis |
| brown-bellied swallow | Notiochelidon murina |
| band-tailed pigeon | Patagioenas fasciata |
| Andean guan | Penelope montagnii |
| plumbeous sierra finch | Phrygilus unicolor |
| smoky-brown woodpecker | Picoides fumigatus |
| fawn-breasted tanager | Pipraeidea melanonota |
| purple-backed thornbill | Ramphomicron microrhynchum |
| eastern meadowlark | Sturnella magna |
| house wren | Troglodytes aedon |
| great thrush | Turdus fuscater |
| eastern kingbird | Tyrannus tyrannus |
| eared dove | Zenaida auriculata |
| rufous-collared sparrow | Zonotrichia capensis |
| black-chested mountain tanager | Buthraupis eximia |
| blue-throated starfrontlet | Coeligena helianthea |
| brown-backed chat-tyrant | Ochthoeca fumicolor |
| buff-breasted mountain tanager | Dubusia taeniata |
| cinnamon flycatcher | Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus |
| coppery-bellied puffleg | Eriocnemis cupreoventris |
| many-striped canastero | Asthenes flammulata |
| sparkling violetear | Colibri coruscans |
| yellow-backed oriole | Icterus chrysater |
| pale-bellied tapaculo | Scytalopus griseicollis |
| rufous-banded owl | Ciccaba albitarsis |
| silvery-throated spinetail | Synallaxis subpudica |
| tawny-rumped tyrannulet | Phyllomyias uropygialis |
| white-throated screech owl | Megascops albogularis |

## Mammals

Mammals of 14 families, 17 genera and 18 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. Until the first half of the twentieth century, the Eastern Hills were populated by larger species as the puma, spectacled bear and white-tailed deer, but these species have been hunted to extinction.
| Common name | Species |
| crab-eating fox | Cerdocyon thous |
| mountain paca | Cuniculus taczanowskii |
| white-eared opossum | Didelphis albiventris |
| eastern red bat | Lasiurus borealis |
| oncilla | Leopardus tigrinus |
| long-tailed weasel | Mustela frenata |
| western dwarf coati | Nasuella olivacea |
| red-tailed squirrel | Sciurus granatensis |
| tapeti | Sylvilagus brasiliensis |
| soft-furred Oldfield mouse | Thomasomys laniger |
| snow-footed Oldfield mouse | Thomasomys niveipes |
| Thomas' small-eared shrew | Cryptotis thomasi |
| | Cavia anolaimae |

## Reptiles

Reptiles of four families, five genera and five species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. Of these species, only the lizards Anadia bogotensis and Proctoporus striatus have been found on the Guadalupe Hill. The striped lightbulb lizard is also present on the terrain of the Universidad de los Andes.
| Common name | Species |
| flat Andes anole | Phenacosaurus heterodermus |
| striped lightbulb lizard | Proctoporus striatus |
| Duméril's whorltail iguana | Stenocercus trachycephalus |
| thickhead ground snake | Atractus crassicaudatus |
| | Anadia bogotensis |

## Amphibians

Amphibians of four families, six genera and nine species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.
| Common name | Species |
| Peter's climbing salamander | Bolitoglossa adspersa |
| | Centrolene buckleyi |
| cream-backed poison frog | Colostethus subpunctatus |
| Bogota robber frog | Eleutherodactylus bogotensis |
| elegant robber frog | Eleutherodactylus elegans |
| green dotted treefrog | Hyla labialis |
| Bogota treefrog | Hyla bogotensis |
| Edwards' rocket frog | Colostethus edwardsi |

## Fish

Three species of fish have been identified in the waters of the Eastern Hills. Of Trichomycterus venulosus only two specimens have been found, and it is thought the species is extinct in the rivers of the Eastern Hills, which may have to do with the introduction of trout.
| Common name | Species |
| rainbow trout (introduced) | Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| | Trichomycterus venulosus (extinct?) |
| | Trichomycterus bogotense |

## Butterflies

In the Eastern Hills two species of butterflies have been identified.
| Common name | Species | Image |
| Julia butterfly | Dryas iulia | |
| common green-eyed white | Leptophobia aripa aripa | |