OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patent Busting Project

The Patent Busting Project is an Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) initiative challenging patents that the organization claims are illegitimate and suppress innovation or limit online expression. The initiative launched on April 19, 2004 and involves two phases: documenting the damage caused by these patents, and submitting challenges to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
The EFF's basic assumption is that many such patents are invalid due to prior art which has historically been difficult to document in software and internet fields. (Many patent owners file patents to cover seemingly trivial concepts without any intention of enforcing the patents, but rather to use as part of a larger patent portfolio in their own defense against potential future patent lawsuits.)

## Status

The effort began with a "patent busting contest" where the public was encouraged to submit proposals of the worst offenders. Of these, EFF chose the top "10 Most Wanted" list of patents based on patent viability, whether the patent owners intend to enforce these patents, and how much of a threat they are to potential infringers.
By April 29, 2006, EFF had announced formal challenges to two of the listed patents: Test.com's patent on administering online tests, and Clear Channel's patent on recording and distributing CDs of live shows.
On October 23, 2007 The United States Patent and Trademark Office granted the EFF's request for the reexamination of NeoMedia's patent #6,199,048. The Office also granted request for the reexamination of Hoshiko's (Ideaflood) patent #6,687,746 that covers the automation of subdomain registration.
On February 4, 2009, The United States Patent and Trademark Office upheld NeoMedia patent #6,199,048, although with limitations imposed upon the claimed material.

## Ten Most-wanted Patents

* Acacia Research: Audio and video receiving and transmission system
* Clear Channel Entertainment: System and method of creating digital recordings of live performances
* Acceris: Method and apparatus for implementing a computer network/internet telephone system
* Sheldon F. Goldberg: System and method for playing games on a network
* Ideaflood: System apparatus and method for hosting and assigning domain names on a wide area network
* Neomedia Technologies: System and method for automatic access of a remote computer over a network
* Test.com: Method for administering tests, lessons, assessments
* Nintendo: Software implementation of a handheld videogame hardware platform
* Firepond: System that uses natural language processing to respond to customers' online inquiries by email
* Seer Systems: System and method for generating, distributing, storing and performing musical work files

### Fate

EFF lists Acacia Research and Firepond's patents as having been made invalid, Ideaflood and Clear Channel's as "busted", NeoMedia and Seer Systems' have been "narrowed", Acceris, Test.com and Sheldon F. Goldberg's have "Reexam granted". Only Nintendo's patent of the original ten has no status update, but more are listed. Nintendo's patent has since expired in 2022.
# Encephalitozoon intestinalis

Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a parasite. It can cause microsporidiosis.
It is notable as having one of the smallest genome among known eukaryotic organisms, containing only 2.25 million base pairs. Its genome was completely sequenced in 2010.
E. intestinalis originally named Septata intestinalis, was reclassified based on morphologic, antigenic and molecular similarities with other species of the genus Encephalitozoon. Recently, Some domestic and wild animals have been found to be naturally infected with E. intestinalis and some other microsporidian species.
E. intestinalis is transmitted in contaminated water. It causes Gastro-Intestinal tract infection which subsequently leads to diarrhea and circulates to the ocular, genitourinary and respiratory tracts. Research has proven that E. intestinalis infection can increase host cell nuclear mutation rate.

## Disease

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular opportunistic fungi that cause significant pathology in immunocompromised (simply put: having an impaired immune system) hosts. Like other obligate intracellular pathogens, microsporidia exert significant stress on infected host cells. Microsporidia infection alters host cell cycle regulation and can lead to development of multinucleated host cells.

## Genome

Compared to E. cuniculi which encodes about 2000 massive genes at 2.9 Mbp, E. intestinalis had a reduced gene complement and genome size (2.3 Mbp) because of a high degree of host dependency. E. intestinalis lack large gene blocks of sequence in its subtelomeric regions unlike E. cuniculi. However, E. intestinalis and E. cuniculi share a conserved gene content, order and density over most of their genomes which have similar GC content. They also contain the same complement of transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs.

## Detection

The assay is adaptable to the clinical laboratory and represents the first real‐time PCR assay designed to detect Encephalitozoon species. Melting temperature analysis of the amplicons allows for the differentiation of three Encephalitozoon species (E. intestinalis, E. cuniculi, and E.hellem).

## Prevention and Treatment

Frequent washing of hands and limited exposure to animals is highly recommended especially for people with immunesystem deficiency. Treatment of Microsporidia can vary depending on the species involved. Intravenous fluid administration, electrolyte repletion, dietary and nutritional regimens can be helpful to patients with diarrhea while antiretroviral therapy can help improve immune system function.
# Dripstone, New South Wales

Dripstone is a locality in Dubbo Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia.
# Pathiya language

Pathiya is a Southern Dravidian language of India. It is close to Kalanadi.
# Pathiyankara

Pathiyankara is a small village in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. There is a mosque where hundreds of people comes to pray every day.
Pathiyankara is very near to both Kayamkulam and the Arabian Sea. Pathiyankara is a small place in Thrikkunnapuzha village. People of this village are engaged mostly in Coir works, Fishing and other jobs. There are several temples in Pathiyankara named as Mootheril Temple, Ammumma Nada Temple, Kaliyamma Temple And Muriyaalil Temple. Some part of Pathiyankara are islands. These islands are connected to the main land by a bridge across Kayamkulam Kayal. The main source of transportation is road ways and water ways.
# Charles Payne

Charles Payne may refer to:
* Charles Payne (clergyman) (1830–1899), Methodist clergyman and president of Ohio Wesleyan University
* Charles Payne (television personality) (born 1960), American Fox Business Network contributor and co-host of Varney & Co.
* Charles Payne (cricketer, born 1827) (1827–1859), English clergyman and cricketer
* Charles Payne (cricketer, born 1832) (1832–1909), English cricketer
* Charles Payne (Australian cricketer) (1876–1938), Australian cricketer
* Charles M. Payne (born 1948), American academic
* Charles T. Payne (1925–2014), great uncle of US President Barack Obama
* C. M. Payne (1873–1964), American cartoonist
* Sir Charles Payne, 1st Baronet (died 1738), of the Payne baronets
* Sir Charles Gillies Payne, 4th Baronet (1793–1870), of the Payne baronets
* Sir Charles Robert Salusbury Payne, 6th Baronet (1859–1942), of the Payne baronets
* Charlie Payne (born 1944), former Australian rules footballer
# Buchwaldoboletus kivuensis

Buchwaldoboletus kivuensis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Africa.

## Taxonomy and naming

Originally described by Paul Heinemann in 1951 as Gyrodon lignicola, it was given its current name by Ernst Both and Beatriz Ortiz-Santana in A preliminary survey of the genus Buchwaldoboletus, published in "Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences" in 2011.

## Description

The cap is convex, tomentose-pulverulent and dry. Its color is cinnamon-brown. Easily peeled off the mushroom, the skin is separated from the flesh by a thin gelatinous layer. The pores are small and angular, ochraceous-decurrent, and the pore surface stains blue with injury. The stipe is cylindrical and eccentric, and there is a yellow mycelium at the stipe base.
Spores measure 5.3–6.8 by 3.3–4.7 μm.

## Distribution

Buchwaldoboletus kivuensis has been recorded in Congo, in the region of lakes Edward and Kivu, at altitude 1650 m. It grows on soil covered with dry branches and on Coffea arabica and Eucalyptus plantations.
# Baldwin effect (astronomy)

The Baldwin effect in astronomy describes a relationship between continuum and emission-line fluxes observed in the electromagnetic spectra of quasars and active galactic nuclei, namely an anticorrelation between the equivalent width, W$_λ$, of a spectral line and the continuum luminosity, L, in broad UV optical emission lines. This means that the ratio of brightness of the emission line to the brightness of the nearby continuum decreases with increasing luminosity of the continuum.

## Discovery and observations

The effect was discovered in observations of high-redshift quasars reported in 1977, and has been commonly named after the discoverer Jack Allen Baldwin, an astronomer at Lick Observatory. It was found that the equivalent width of the broad ultraviolet C IV (λ 1549) emission line, caused by the presence of thrice ionised carbon C$^{3+}$, decreased with increasing continuum luminosity of the source. For flat-spectrum, radio-loud quasars the relation
$W_{\lambda }\propto L^{-2/3}$
was found.
The same effect has been observed for other spectral lines such as the Ly-α hydrogen line and the C III] (λ 1909) line of twice ionised carbon. It has also been found for spectral lines in the infrared range, e.g. in several Seyfert galaxies.

## Explanation

More or less satisfactory explanations of the phenomenon have been attempted using photoionization models, continuum beaming, variability, or continuum shape. An adequate, but not exclusive explanation is offered as a consequence of the presence of massive accretion disks in the centres of active galaxies and quasars. However, a complete explanation is still outstanding.
# CompleteTax

CompleteTax was an online tax preparation software developed by CCH, owned by Wolters Kluwer, for individuals to use to prepare and file their federal and state income tax returns in the United States.
CompleteTax's software was designed to guide users to prepare and file federal and state income taxes online, including filling out forms. It had options to file taxes online or to print and send in their tax returns physically. The program had several versions: a Basic option with functions for more streamlined taxes; a Deluxe option for customers with itemized deductions, dependents, investments, and retirement income; and a Premium MVP Option targeted towards self-employed customers and business owners.
In March 2012, CCH launched a mobile version of CompleteTax.
In a review by The Street, it was recommended for more complex tax returns. Complete Tax merged with eSmart Tax as of December 26, 2012.
# Patellariopsis

Patellariopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Dermateaceae. The genus contains 5 species.
# Phtheochroa ochodea

Phtheochroa ochodea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Durango, Mexico.
# Finlay Forest Industries

Finlay Forest Industries was a Canadian forest products company based in Mackenzie, British Columbia.

## History

Finlay Forest Industries (FFI) was established in 1970 as a joint venture between Cattermole Timber and two Japanese firms, Jujo Paper and Sumitomo Forestry. In 1980, operations were purchased by British Columbia Forest Products. Slocan Forest Products Ltd. and Donohue Inc. acquired FFI in 1994 as equal co-owners. In 1999, Donohue Inc. completed an $80 million takeover of Finlay Forest Industries. This was followed in 2000, by a $7.1 billion takeover of all Donohue's operations, including their Mackenzie holdings, by Abitibi-Consolidated. As part of this acquisition, FFI was dissolved as a company with operations now under the Abitibi-Consolidated brand.
Abitibi-Consolidated operated the two sawmills, including their associated planer mills, the paper mill, and a steam/power plant until 2008 when the 2008 Recession shutdown all manufacturing operations.
Conifex Timber purchased all assets in 2010 and presently operates one sawmill.
# Naresh Churi

Naresh Kamalkar Churi (10 May 1964 – 30 September 2024) was an Indian cricket coach and first-class cricketer who played for Railways.

## Life and career

Churi was born in Bombay (now Mumbai) on 10 May 1964. Cricket coach Ramakant Achrekar, who had five daughters, adopted Churi at the age of 13 so that he could watch matches at the Wankhede Stadium.
Churi made his first-class debut for Railways during the 1982–83 Ranji Trophy and represented the team until the 1988–89 season. A left-handed batsman, Churi scored 1501 runs in 26 first-class matches with two hundreds, including a 112 against Tamil Nadu in the final of the 1987–88 Ranji Trophy which Railways lost by an innings. He would then represent Rest of India in the 1988–89 Irani Cup against the same opposition.
Churi became a cricket coach at Shardashram Vidyamandir in Mumbai, his alma mater, in 1999.
Churi died on 30 September 2024, at the age of 60.
# David Benck

David M. Benck is a dual American and Luxembourg lawyer. He graduated from Birmingham-Southern College (BA Economics 1990) and the University of Alabama School of Law (JD 1993). Benck is the Senior Vice President, general counsel, and secretary for Hibbett Sports, Inc. as well as a well-known commercial and sport arbitrator.
In May 2012, the American Arbitration Association announced that Benck had been named to the AAA's global Board of Directors, and indicated that "Mr. Benck has served as an international arbitrator in numerous matters in both the commercial, sport and employment areas and has been published in the AAA’s Dispute Resolution Journal. Mr. Benck is an adjunct professor at Cumberland School of Law where he teaches Practicing Law In House. Mr. Benck is on the Norton Board of Advisors for Birmingham-Southern College, is the current President of the Alabama Chapter of the Association of Corporate Counsel, and is the legal counsel to the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. In 2011, the Association of Corporate Counsel named Benck “General Counsel of the Year.”
Benck is a member of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport in Switzerland, frequently referred to as the global Supreme Court of Sport. Judges on the Court routinely oversee global sport disputes involving FIFA, anti-doping, Hyperandrogenism, sport integrity, corruption and bribery issues.
Benck briefly served on the Board of Directors of USA Gymnastics. According to ESPN, he was brought in to oversee the complete Board restructuring and CEO replacement in response to the sex abuse allegations.
In January 2016, the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta announced that Benck had been appointed to the Board of Directors where he served two - 3 year terms; subsequently appointed to the Federal Reserve’s Special Committee on Payment Innovation and Inclusion.
He was a member of the bid team that won World Games 2021 for Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Benck was appointed to the NCAA inaugural Independent Resolution Panel to oversee adjudication of Division 1 compliance issues as part of Condoleezza Rice investigation into college basketball corruption, including adjudicating the NCAA v. Mark Gottfried/North Carolina State case, and the NCAA v. Rick Pitino/University of Louisville case.
Benck has been published in national publications including for the NACD, The Society for Human Resource Management, the Association of Corporate Counsel, The Docket, HostingTech, the Web Hosting Industry Review, and The Computer Law Associates Bulletin.
# Datsun Type 14

The Datsun Type 14 was a small car produced by Japanese manufacturer Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. from February 1935 to 1936. It had a 15 PS (11 kW) sidevalve engine and was offered in several body styles. According to Britain's National Motor Museum at Beaulieu, the Type 14 "marked the birth of the Japanese car industry."

## Design

The Datsun 14 was externally very similar to the preceding Datsun Type 13. The only notable difference was the addition of a leaping rabbit emblem. The brand Datsun is derived from the DAT car of 1914. The car's name was an acronym of the surnames of the following partners of Kaishinsha Motor Car Works (快進社自働車工場, Kaishinsha jidōsha kōjō), the company that produced it:
* Kenjirō Den (田 健次郎, Den Kenjirō)
* Rokurō Aoyama (青山 禄朗, Aoyama Rokurō)
* Meitarō Takeuchi (竹内 明太郎, Takeuchi Meitarō).
Fortuitously, Dat (脱兎) also means to "dash off like a startled rabbit or hare". Nissan decided to use this association to incorporate a rabbit into the design of the Datsun Type 14 and therefore Ryuichi Tomiya designed the leaping rabbit radiator mascot which became a defining characteristic of the type.
Mechanically, the old DAT engine of the Datsun Type 13 was replaced with the new Datsun Type 7 engine, a side valve four-cylinder engine with a displacement of 722 cc (44.1 cu in). The new engine was smaller, but more powerful, at 15 hp (11 kW). The engine drove the rear wheels through a three-speed gearbox to give the car a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).

## Production

The Datsun 14 was the first car that Nissan produced at their new plant in Yokohama. The factory utilised many tools and techniques imported from the United States and enabled the company to assemble both bodies and chassis in the same factory for the first time. The first vehicle rolled off the production line on 12 April 1935.

## Production numbers

A total of 3,800 Datsun 14 were produced between April 1935 and April 1936, of which 53 were exported. The car was similar in styling to the Austin 7, which greatly helped exports, initially to Australia and, in 1936, to New Zealand.

## Datsun 14T

Nissan produced the Datsun 14T commercial vehicle based on the Datsun 14 at the same factory during the same period. The truck had a front section identical to the 14, including the rabbit radiator mascot and chrome plated grille.
# David Horton (badminton)

David O Horton (born 1939), is a male former international badminton player who competed for England.

## Badminton career

Horton is a two times National champion, winning the English National Badminton Championships in the mixed doubles in 1967 with Jenny Horton and the men's doubles with Roger Mills. In addition he has won the 1965 & 1967 Irish Open, and four Scottish Open titles.
He represented England in the singles, doubles and mixed (winning a bronze medal in the men's doubles with Mills), at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica.
He represented Essex at county level.

## Personal life

He married fellow international player Jenny Pritchard in 1965.
# David Švehlík

David Švehlík (born 6 April 1972 in Liberec) is a Czech actor.
He starred in many Czech movies (including Operace Silver A under director Jiří Strach in 2007) and TV series (Kriminálka Anděl etc.)
His father Alois Švehlík is also an actor.
# David L. Beatty

David L. Beatty (December 3, 1798 – February 21, 1881) was the fifth mayor of Louisville, Kentucky serving from 1841 to 1844. He was born to early settlers in Bourbon County, Kentucky and raised by his grandparents in Jefferson County, Kentucky. At 17 he moved to Louisville to work as a machinist, and was an iron foundry foreman 3 years later. He founded a steam-engine business in 1829, which dissolved in 1837.
He served on the city council from 1839 to 1840 and elected mayor in 1841. Highlights of his administration included the establishment of the State Institute for the Blind in Louisville and construction of a waterworks. He is buried in Cave Hill Cemetery.
# David Guevara

David Guevara (born 11 February 1983 Ibarra, Ecuador) is an Ecuadorian race walker. At the Bolivarian Games in Sucre, Bolivia, he won the bronze medal. In the South American Race Walking Championships he won the silver medal in 2008 in Cuenca, Ecuador, and the bronze medal in 2010 in Cochabamba. Guerra participated in the World Race Walking Cup in Cheboksary, Russia in 2008 and in Chihuahua, México in 2010.
# De Beque Canyon

De Beque Canyon is a narrow canyon on the Colorado River in western Colorado in the United States. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) long, located on the river downstream from the town of De Beque, in eastern Mesa County. The canyon forms a narrow passage where the river passes along the western end of the Grand Mesa. At its lower end, the canyon opens out on the eastern end of the Grand Valley at the town of Palisade, approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of Grand Junction. Interstate 70 follows the river through the canyon.
Geologically the canyon walls are stairstep cliffs of Mesaverde Group, shoreline sands deposited during the Cretaceous. The sedimentary rock layers contain several low-sulfur coal seams that thicken to as much as 50 feet (15 m) at the Cameo Mine near Mile 46 on Interstate 70. The coal is typically soft bituminous coal, since it has never been compressed by overlying rocks to the degree required to form harder coal.
# Dayo Audi

Dayo Audi (Dayo Audifferen) is active in the sport of bodybuilding, not only as a competitor but also in training fitness enthusiasts and athletes up to national level. Dayo Audi achieved professional status in 1999, competing for the first time in the Masters Olympia in the US in August 2003, where he achieved 11th place.
Dayo Audi holds regional, national, European and World titles from three major Federations, retiring from competitive bodybuilding in November 2008 after winning the WBBF Mr Universe title in Vilnius, Lithuania.
He is also an International judge with the WFF, qualifying in 2002 and served in the same capacity with NABBA from 2003 until leaving the organisation in 2007.
Still actively involved in the sport, Dayo organises independent shows and has successfully run the SportsPN Classic – a non-political/non-federational show – for the last 4 years.
In May 2009 at the Doncaster Dome, Dayo staged his first Strongman event in collaboration with Colin Bryce of Power Productions UK. The England's Strongest Man contest was part of the World's Strongest Man Qualifying Tour. Raw Power Sunday was the first of further Strongman events planned for the future.
* This biographical article relating to bodybuilding in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Davidiella carinthiaca

Davidiella carinthiaca is a fungal plant pathogen infecting red clover.
# Dawson Lounge

The Dawson Lounge is the smallest pub in Dublin. Located in a basement near the St Stephen's Green end of Dawson Street, it has a capacity of 40 people.