OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bruce Reitz

Bruce A. Reitz is an American cardiothoracic surgeon, best known for leading the first combined heart-lung transplantation in 1981 with pioneer heart transplant surgeon Norman Shumway. He obtained an undergraduate degree at Stanford University (B.S. 1966) a medical degree at Yale Medical School (M.D. 1970) and completed an internship at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1971) and residencies and fellowships at Stanford University Hospital (1972 and 1978) the National Institutes of Health (1974). He joined the surgical faculty at Stanford University (1978) then became chief of cardiac surgery at Johns Hopkins University (1982–92) and Chairman of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Stanford (1992–2005). In 1995 he conducted another pioneering operation: the first Heartport procedure, using a device that allows minimally invasive coronary bypass and valve operations. Reitz also played a major role in the resident education program at Stanford, which he reorganized and maintained.

## Selected publications

* "The first successful combined heart–lung transplantation", The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, April 2011, Volume 141, Issue 4, pp. 867–869, doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.12.014
# Country Hits Old and New

Country Hits Old and New is an album by American country singer Ernest Tubb, released in 1966 (see 1966 in music). It is out of print.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

* "Memphis Tennessee" (Chuck Berry)
* "Before I Met You" (Charles L. Seitz, Joe Lewis, Elmar Rader)
* "Tennessee Waltz" (Pee Wee King, Redd Stewart)
* "Fireball Mail" (Floyd Jenkins)
* "Under Your Spell Again" (Buck Owens, Dusty Rhodes)
* "I'm Gonna Tie One on Tonight" (Lee Nichols)
* "Remember Me (When the Candle Lights are Gleaming)" (Scott Wiseman)
* "I Hung My Head and Cried" (Jimmie Davis, Cliff Bruner)
* "Holdin' Hands" (George Henkel, Tex Fletcher, Viola Gordon)
* "No Matter What Happens My Darling" (Johnny Lange, Lou Porter)
* "Waitin' in Your Welfare Line" (Buck Owens, Don Rich, Nat Stuckey)
* "May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose" (Neal Merritt)

## Personnel

* Ernest Tubb – vocals, guitar
* Leon Rhodes – guitar
* Jerry Shook – guitar, bass
* Cal Smith – guitar
* Buddy Charleton – pedal steel guitar
* Jack Drake – bass
* Jack Greene – drums
* Willie Ackerman – drums
* Moon Mullican – piano
* Jerry Smith – piano

## Chart positions

| Chart (1966) | Position |
| Billboard Country Albums | 35 |
# Austrian Sports Badge

The Austrian Sports Badge (German: Das Österreichische Sport- und Turnabzeichen, ÖSTA) is a decoration presented for physical fitness by the Republic of Austria.

## History

The Austrian Sports Badge was created in 1920 as a sports badge, similar to other sports badges offered by Germany or Sweden. The decoration is awarded in gold, silver, and bronze. The Austrian Sports Badge can also awarded to juveniles and to disabled persons with special requirements.

## Requirements

Requirements vary according to age, gender, and the class.
| Group | Section | Disciplines |
| 1 | Swimming | 200 or 300 meters swimming, consecutive swim |
| 2 | Jumping power | High jump, long jump, pommel horse, leapfrog |
| 3 | Speed | 60/100/400 meter run |
| 4 | Physical strength | Stone put or shot-put |
| 5 | Endurance | 2.000/5.000 meters run, 10/20 kilometers march, 10/20 kilometers bicycling, 10/15 kilometers cross-country skiing |

## The badge

There is a basic (Grundstufe) and an advanced (Leistungsstufe) badge depending on the physical fitness of the participant. The age classes are separated in three divisions that are denoted by the Olympic noble metals:
* Bronze: age 18–29
* Silver: age 30–39
* Gold: age 40 and above
For youth (age 13–18) there are only three classes; Bronze, Silver and Gold. The level of the badge is calculated with both age, gender and level of physical fitness.
Upon successful completion of the requirements, a certificate and the badge as cloth patch are awarded. Receiving the award as a metal badge is optional. Depending on regulations, the badge may be worn on uniforms.
Repetitive completions of the award are indicated by numbers (5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) on the award.

## Ribbon bars

An official Austrian ribbon for the badge does not exist.
* Level
* Youth
* Basic
* Advanced
# Ormoy, Essonne

Ormoy (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Ormoy are known as Ulméens in French.
# Iamblichus of Trier

Iamblichus of Trier also known as Jamblichus or Jamblychus was a 5th-century bishop of Trier from 475/76.

## Background

He is attested in an inscription found in Chalon-sur-Saône. There seems to be no doubt about his historicity, although records from his time are scant due to the transition from the Roman Empire to Frankish rule.
# Balanced prime

In number theory, a balanced prime is a prime number with equal-sized prime gaps above and below it, so that it is equal to the arithmetic mean of the nearest primes above and below. Or to put it algebraically, the $n$th prime number $p_{n}$ is a balanced prime if
    $p_{n}={{p_{n-1}+p_{n+1}} \over 2}.$
For example, 53 is the sixteenth prime; the fifteenth and seventeenth primes, 47 and 59, add up to 106, and half of that is 53; thus 53 is a balanced prime.

## Examples

The first few balanced primes are
5, 53, 157, 173, 211, 257, 263, 373, 563, 593, 607, 653, 733, 947, 977, 1103, 1123, 1187, 1223, 1367, 1511, 1747, 1753, 1907, 2287, 2417, 2677, 2903 (sequence A006562 in the OEIS).

## Infinitude

It is conjectured that there are infinitely many balanced primes.
Three consecutive primes in arithmetic progression is sometimes called a CPAP-3. A balanced prime is by definition the second prime in a CPAP-3. As of 2023 the largest known CPAP-3 has 15004 decimal digits and was found by Serge Batalov. It is:
    $p_{n}=2494779036241\times 2^{49800}+7,\quad p_{n-1}=p_{n}-6,\quad p_{n+1}=p_{n}+6.$
(The value of n, i.e. its position in the sequence of all primes, is not known.)

## Generalization

The balanced primes may be generalized to the balanced primes of order n. A balanced prime of order n is a prime number that is equal to the arithmetic mean of the nearest n primes above and below. Algebraically, the $k$th prime number $p_{k}$ is a balanced prime of order $n$ if
    $p_{k}={\sum _{i=1}^{n}({p_{k-i}+p_{k+i})} \over 2n}.$
Thus, an ordinary balanced prime is a balanced prime of order 1. The sequences of balanced primes of orders 2, 3, and 4 are A082077, A082078, and A082079 in the OEIS respectively.
# County Freiwaldau

The County of Freiwaldau was a primarily German county in the Sudetenland areas of the former Czechoslovkia. It was created in 1938 out of the political district of Freiwaldau, which had existed since 1850. The county was changed on January 1, 1945 to the administrative district of Freiwaldau.
The county of Freiwaldau covered 736.36 km² with 68,823 inhabitants, of which 66,855 were Germans. The population on December 1, 1930: was 71,717 inhabitants, on 17 May 1939: 70,005 inhabitants and on 22 May 1947: 36,302 inhabitants.
The county included:
* The cities of Freiwaldau, Friedeberg, Jauernig, Weidenau and Zuckmantel
* 35 other municipalities.
# Doum

Doum may refer to:
* Doum, Central African Republic
* Doum Doum, Chad
* Hyphaene thebaica or doum palm, a type of palm tree
# Ormoy, Eure-et-Loir

Ormoy (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department and Centre-Val de Loire region of north-central France. It lies 20 km north of Chartres and some 70 km west-south-west of Paris.
# Ectobius sylvestris

Ectobius sylvestris, known generally as the forest cockroach or lesser cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Ectobiidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and temperate Asia.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Ectobius sylvestris:
* Ectobius sylvestris discrepans Adelung, 1917
* Ectobius sylvestris sylvestris (Poda, 1761)
# EcoVelocity

EcoVelocity was an annual motor show in London that focusses on electric and low-carbon cars. The first show in 2011 was launched at Battersea Power Station, and the 2012 show was located at the ExCel exhibition centre. It was renamed Future Drive Motor Show for 2013, but this was subsequently cancelled.

## 2011 show

The first show took place between 8–11 September at the Battersea Power station in West London. The show featured 17 marques including Tesla, Toyota and Nissan, and organised 7,000 on-site test drives. Overall visitor numbers were 8,700 and the show was organised by Metro newspaper and International Green Motor Events.

## 2012 show

The second show took place between 10–13 May at the East London ExCel exhibition centre and was organised by Media 10 following their acquisition of IGME in February 2012. By co-locating with the Grand Designs exhibition, numbers were up seven-fold to nearly 58,000 visitors.

## 2013 show

At the end of 2012 the show organisers announced that the 2013 EcoVelocity show would be reformatted and incorporated into the new Future Drive Motor Show, but remain at the London ExCeL centre and would be held between 5–12 May.
Only four weeks before the show, Future Drive was cancelled by Media 10 due to a lack of exhibitors signed up.
# Denticularia mangiferae

Denticularia mangiferae is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen.
# Denticulobasis ariken

Denticulobasis ariken is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae first identified in Rondônia, Brazil.
# Organ dysfunction

Organ dysfunction is a condition where an organ does not perform its expected function. Organ failure is organ dysfunction to such a degree that normal homeostasis cannot be maintained without external clinical intervention or life support. It is not a diagnosis. It can be classified by the cause, but when the cause is not known, it can also be classified by whether the onset is chronic or acute.
Multiple organ failure can be associated with sepsis and is often fatal. Countries such as Spain have shown a rise in mortality risk due to a large elderly population there. There are tools physicians use when diagnosing multiple organ failure and when prognosing the outcome. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score uses early lab values in a patient's hospitalization (within 24 hours) to predict fatal outcomes for a patient.
# Organizational economics

Organizational economics (also referred to as economics of organization) involves the use of economic logic and methods to understand the existence, nature, design, and performance of organizations, especially managed ones.
Organizational economics is primarily concerned with the obstacles to coordination of activities inside and between organizations (firms, alliances, institutions, and market as a whole).
Organizational economics is known for its contribution to and its use of:
* Transaction cost theory: costs incurred to organize an activity, especially regarding research of information, bureaucracy, communication etc.
* Agency theory: dilemmas connected to making decisions on behalf of, or that impact, another person or entity.
* Contract theory: ways economic actors use to construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information.
Notable theorists and contributors in the field of organizational economics:
* Kenneth Arrow
* James March
* Herbert Simon
* Oliver Williamson
* Ronald Coase
* Bengt Holmström
* Oliver Hart
* Jean Tirole
* Joseph Stiglitz
# Ecology (disambiguation)

Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and their interactions with their environment.
Ecology or Ecologist may also refer to:

## Publications

* Ecology (journal)
* Journal of Ecology
* The Ecologist, a British environmental magazine
* Ecology: Can We Survive Under Capitalism?
* Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, a textbook

## Organisations

* Ecology Party, an early name for the Green Party in the UK
* Ecology Building Society
* Ecology movement, aimed at protecting the environment (similar to the environmental movement)

## Music

* Ecology (album), an album by Rare Earth
* The Ecology, album by Fashawn 2014
* "The Ecology", song by Fashawn from Boy Meets World 2009
* "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)", from Marvin Gaye's 1971 album What's Going On
# Departure Lounge

Departure Lounge may refer to:
* Departure lounge, part of an airport
* Departure Lounge (band), a British musical group
* Departure Lounge, a 2006 novel by Chad Taylor
# APBA3

Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA3 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is an adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. This gene is a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease.

## Interactions

APBA3 has been shown to interact with Amyloid precursor protein.
# Measured environmental concentration

An Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC) relates to a chemical substance found in an environmental sample. The concentration of the compound may result from direct contamination, transformation and/or metabolization of a different chemical contaminant, natural origin or a combination of these sources.
MEC is to be used as a reference in the context of Chemical Safety Assessments (CSA) and should be compared with the respective Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) in order to decide whether exposure model is valid and the compound related risk is controlled.
# Didon

Didon is the title of two French operas:
* Didon (Desmarets), a 1693 opera by Henri Desmarets
* Didon (Piccinni), a 1783 opera by Niccolò Piccinni
# Avoros

Avoros is a village in the Phocis prefecture of Central Greece. At the 2021 census, it had 81 inhabitants.

## Natural environment

The village is known for its natural environment and it is built in a dense oak forest. It overlooks the lake of Mornos, a water reservoir that supplies water to Athens, Greece's capital city. The view from the village includes Mount Giona which is Greece's 5th tallest and other mountain ranges.

## Immigration

World War II and the Civil War that ensued (1945-1949) created the adverse economic conditions that led to a dramatic demographic decline that occurred in the village in the second half of the 20th century. Many families moved to Athens, Erateini and in urban centers in the United States of America.
# Courban

Courban (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Daniel Kemp

Daniel Kemp may refer to:
* Daniel Kemp (actor) (1927–2000), American actor
* Daniel S. Kemp (1936–2020), American organic chemist
* Dan Kemp (footballer) (born 1999), English footballer
# Departure Lake (Ontario)

Departure Lake is a lake in geographic Haggart Township in Unorganized North Cochrane District, Cochrane District, in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) south of the community of Departure Lake on Ontario Highway 11.
The primary inflow, at the south, and outflow, at the north, is the Poplar Rapids River, which flows via the Mattagami River and the Moose River to James Bay.
There is a picnic area on the north shore of the lake at the end of North Access Road, the road that leads south from Highway 11 at community of Departure Lake.
# Measured depth

In the oil industry measured depth (commonly referred to as MD, or just the depth) is the length of the drilled borehole. In conventional vertical wells, this coincides with the true vertical depth, but in directional or horizontal wells, especially those using extended reach drilling, the two can deviate greatly. For example, at the time of writing (2012) a borehole in Odoptu field, Sakhalin-I, has the greatest measured depth of any borehole at 12,345 m, but most of this is horizontal, giving it a true vertical depth of only 1,784 m. For comparison, the Kola Superdeep Borehole has a slightly shorter measured depth at 12,262 m, but since this is a vertical borehole, this is also equal to the true vertical depth, making the Kola Superdeep Borehole deeper by a factor of 6.9.
# APBB1

Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBB1 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Fe65 protein family. It is an adaptor protein localized in the nucleus. It interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP), transcription factor CP2/LSF/LBP1 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. APP functions as a cytosolic anchoring site that can prevent the gene product's nuclear translocation. This encoded protein could play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. It is thought to regulate transcription. Also it is observed to block cell cycle progression by downregulating thymidylate synthase expression. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but some of their full length sequence is not known.

## Interactions

APBB1 has been shown to interact with APLP2, TFCP2, LRP1 and Amyloid precursor protein.
# Didone (opera)

Didone is an opera by Francesco Cavalli, set to a libretto by Giovanni Francesco Busenello (later librettist for Claudio Monteverdi). The opera was first performed at Venice's Teatro San Cassiano during 1640.
The plot is based on Virgil's Aeneid (Book 4 in particular), though Busenello, in his second libretto for Cavalli, replaces Dido's tragic suicide of Virgil with a happy ending in which Dido marries Iarbas, King of the Getuli, who saves Dido from herself after Aeneas abandons her. The action is divided into a prologue and 3 acts.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type |
| Enea | tenor |
| Didone | soprano |
| Iarbas | contralto |
| Cassandra | soprano |
| Anchise | tenor |
| Ascanio | soprano |
| Hecuba | contralto |
| Creusa | soprano |
| Anna | soprano |
| Mercurio | contralto |
| Sicheo | tenor |
| Pirro | tenor |
| Corebo | contralto |
| Sinon Greco | bass |
| Ambasciatore Ilionèo | contralto |
| Acate | tenor |
| Giove | bass |
| Giunone | soprano |
| Iride | soprano |
| Venere | soprano |
| Amore | soprano |
| Nettuno | bass |
| Eolo | tenor |
| Fortuna | soprano |
| Three court ladies | sopranos |

## Recordings

* Live Video recording on DVD - 2006 - Teatro Malibran, Venice - Fabio Biondi, conductor - Orchestra Europa Galante Cast: Claron McFadden, Magnus Staveland, Jordi Domènech, Manuela Custer, Marina De Liso, Donatella Lombardi - Dynamic cat. 33537
# Autrey-le-Vay

Autrey-le-Vay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Bajanzhargalanidae

Bajanzhargalanidae is an extinct family of winged polyneopteran insects, recorded from the Permian and Jurassic but not the Triassic. They are considered poorly known members of the "Grylloblattida", a poorly defined group of extinct insects thought to be related to modern ice crawlers (Grylloblattidae). There are at least four genera and about seven described species in Bajanzhargalanidae.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the family Bajanzhargalanidae:
* † Bajanzhargalana Storozhenko, 1988 Ulaan-Ereg Formation, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
* † Nele Ansorge, 1996 Grimmen locality, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
* † Sinonele Cui, Béthoux, Klass & Ren, 2015 Daohugou Formation, China, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian)
* (?) † Sylvafossor Aristov, 2004 Koshelevka Formation, Russia, Early Permian (Kungurian)
# Derrien

Derrien may refer to:

## People

Notable people with this surname include:
* André Derrien (1895-1994), French sailor
* Marcelle Derrien (1916–2008), French actress
* Maxence Derrien (born 1993) is a French footballer
* Sandrine Derrien, French table tennis player

## Places

* La Roche-Derrien, Brittany, France
* Saint-Derrien, Brittany, France
# SUCLG2

Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUCLG2 gene on chromosome 3.
This gene encodes a GTP-specific beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the formation of succinyl-CoA and succinate. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

## Structure

SCS, also known as succinyl CoA ligase (SUCL), is a heterodimer composed of a catalytic α subunit encoded by the SUCLG1 gene and a β subunit encoded by either the SUCLA2 gene or the SUCLG2 gene, which determines the enzyme specificity for either ADP or GDP. SUCLG2 is the SCS variant containing the SUCLG2-encoded β subunit. Amino acid sequence alignment of the two β subunit types reveals a homology of ~50% identity, with specific regions conserved throughout the sequences.
SUCLG2 is located on chromosome 3 and contains 14 exons.

## Function

As a subunit of SCS, SUCLG2 is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate and acetoacetyl CoA, accompanied by the substrate-level phosphorylation of GDP to GTP, as a step in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The GTP generated is then consumed in anabolic pathways. However, since GTP is not transported through the inner mitochondrial membrane in mammals and other higher organisms, it must be recycled within the matrix. In addition, SUCLG2 may function in ATP generation in the absence of SUCLA2 by complexing with the mitochondrial nucleotide diphosphate kinase, nm23-H4, and thus compensate for SUCLA2 deficiency. The reverse reaction generates succinyl-CoA from succinate to fuel ketone body and heme synthesis.
While SCS is ubiquitously expressed, SUCLG2 is predominantly expressed in tissues involved in biosynthesis, including liver and kidney. SUCLG2 has also been detected in the microvasculature of the brain, likely to support its growth. Notably, both SUCLA2 and SUCLG2 are absent in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the brain; thus, in order to acquire succinate to continue the TCA cycle, these cells may instead synthesize succinate through GABA metabolism of α-ketoglutarate or ketone body metabolism of succinyl-CoA.

## Clinical significance

Though mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome has been largely attributed to SUCLA2 deficiency, SUCLG2 may play a more crucial role in mtDNA maintenance, as it functions to compensate for SUCLA2 deficiency and its absence results in decreased mtDNA and OXPHOS-dependent growth. Moreover, no mutations in the SUCLG2 gene have been reported, indicating that such mutations are lethal and selected against.
SUCLG2 may also play a role in clearing cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, thus, reducing neuronal death.