OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest Blanc

Ernest Blanc (November 1, 1923 – December 22, 2010) was a French opera singer, one of the leading baritones of his era in France.
Born in Sanary-sur-Mer, Ernest Blanc studied at the Music Conservatory of Toulon with Sabran, from 1946 to 1949. He made his debut in Marseille, as Tonio, in 1950. He then sang throughout France in the French and Italian repertories.
In 1954, he made his debut at the Palais Garnier in Paris, as Rigoletto, he sang there as first baritone for 25 years in a wide repertoire (Rameau, Mozart, Gounod, Bizet, Massenet, Verdi, Puccini, etc.). He also appeared often at the Opéra-Comique, and was a regular guest at the Aix-en-Provence Festival.
His career took an international turn in 1958, with debut at the Bayreuth Festival, followed by debuts at La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House in London, the Glyndebourne Festival, the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburg Festival, La Monnaie in Brussels, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Monte Carlo Opera, the Teatro Nacional Sao Carlos in Lisbon, the Liceo in Barcelona, the Berlin State Opera, etc.
He also enjoyed considerable success in America, at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the San Francisco Opera, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, etc.
Notable roles included; Don Giovanni, Valentin, Zurga, Escamillo, Golaud, Germont, Renato, Amonasro, Scarpia, Riccardo in I puritani, opposite Joan Sutherland, Alfonso in La favorite, Wolfram, Telramund, etc.
A stylish singer and a fine musician, he possessed a beautiful voice with a brilliant upper register and impeccable diction, one of the few post war French singers to have enjoyed a truly international career. After his retirement he taught in Paris.

## Selected recordings

* 1958 - Gounod - Faust - Victoria de los Angeles, Nicolai Gedda, Ernest Blanc, Boris Christoff - Choeurs et Orchestre de l'Opéra de Paris, André Cluytens - (EMI)
* 1959 - Bizet - Carmen - Victoria de los Angeles, Nicolai Gedda, Janine Micheau, Ernest Blanc - Choeurs et Orchestre de la RTF, Thomas Beecham - (EMI)
* 1960 - Bizet - Les pêcheurs de perles - Janine Micheau, Nicolai Gedda, Ernest Blanc, Jacques Mars - Choeurs et Orchestre de l'Opéra-Comique, Pierre Dervaux - (EMI)
* 1962 - Saint-Saëns - Samson et Dalila - Jon Vickers, Rita Gorr, Ernest Blanc, Anton Diakov - Choeurs René Duclos, Orchestre de l'Opéra de Paris, Georges Prêtre - (EMI)

## Sources

* Le guide de l'opéra, Mancini & Rouveroux, (Fayard, 1986), ISBN 2-213-01563-5
# Private Practices: The Story of a Sex Surrogate

Private Practices: The Story of a Sex Surrogate is a 1985 US documentary film directed by Kirby Dick about the interaction between a sex surrogate and her clients - Dick's first documentary film.

## Synopsis

Private Practices focuses on sex surrogate Maureen Sullivan and two of her clients. Kipper, a 25-year-old college student, has had little sexual experience with women and seeks help overcoming his shyness. John, a 45-year-old divorcee, believes that his sexual inadequacies are preventing him from finding a new partner. Sullivan works with these men in an attempt to improve their body image, relationship skills, and sexual satisfaction.
The film also shows how these patients interact with their friends, family members, and therapists. Many scenes focus on Sullivan, who discusses her history as a surrogate and describes her own relationship difficulties. In one scene, she and her brother confront their father about his abusive behavior and unwillingness to accept Maureen's career choice.
The filmmakers paid for the patients' therapy in exchange for permission to record their sessions. In order to preserve the therapeutic atmosphere, Dick only allowed a single camera operator to be in the room during each session, and he and the rest of the crew monitored the filming from a remote station in a different room. Furthermore, the film crew does not directly interact with the subjects during therapy, and the subjects rarely comment on the presence of the filmmakers.
A postscript to the film states that John and Kipper have gone on to form more successful relationships, while Sullivan has started dating and reduced her number of patients.

## Reception

Private Practices won favorable reviews from critics. The San Francisco Chronicle's Edward Guthmann called it "an honest, courageous and sensitive study of human beings in their most vulnerable moments", and Walter Goodman of The New York Times described it as a "sympathetic account of a sort of human frailty that is not easy to talk about, much less make a movie about".
The film received awards for Best Documentary at the 1985 USA Film Festival and 1985 Atlanta Film Festival.
# Eskisarıbey, Karacabey

Eskisarıbey is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karacabey, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 318 (2022).
# Esporte Clube Milan

Esporte Clube Milan, commonly known as Milan, is a Brazilian football club based in Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul state.

## History

The club was founded on March 7, 1989, after Esporte Clube Castilhense and Sociedade Esportiva Cometa merged. They competed in the Campeonato Gaúcho Second Level for the first time in 1995 competing again in 1996.

## Stadium

Esporte Clube Milan play their home games at Estádio Miguel Wairich Filho. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 1,000 people.
# Estheria

Estheria may refer to:
* Estheria (crustacean), a genus from the Carboniferous period
* Estheria (fly), a genus of tachinid flies in the family Tachinidae
# Prosoplus kinabaluensis

Prosoplus kinabaluensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1966. It is known from Borneo.
# Estádio da Matola

Estádio da Matola is a multi-purpose stadium in Maputo, Mozambique. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Atlético Muçulmano da Matola. The stadium holds 3,000 people.
# Essays: First Series

Essays: First Series is a series of essays written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, published in 1841, concerning transcendentalism.

## Essays

The book contains:
* "History"
* "Self-Reliance"
* "Compensation"
* "Spiritual Laws"
* "Love"
* "Friendship"
* "Prudence"
* "Heroism"
* "The Over-Soul"
* "Circles"
* "Intellect"
* "Art"

## Reception

Many noted the influence of Thomas Carlyle. An anonymous English reviewer voiced the mainstream view when he wrote that the author of the book "out-Carlyles Carlyle himself," "imitat[ing] his inflations, his verbiage, his Germanico-Kantian abstractions, his metaphysics and mysticism." Jane Welsh Carlyle agreed, giving her impression in a letter to John Sterling: "I find him getting affected, stilted, mystical, and in short 'a considerable of a bore' A bad immitation [sic] of Carlyle's most Carlylish translations of Goethes [sic] most Goetheish passages!" For his part, Sterling described them to William Coningham as "the only book of any pith and significance that has dawned here lately . . . which at a glance, seem far ahead in compass and brilliancy of almost everything England has of late years (generations) produced".

## Musical Setting

Three fragments from the essay "Spiritual Laws" form the backbone of composer Kaija Saariaho's True Fire for baritone and orchestra (2014), a piece of music that collages texts from various sources. The piece's title is taken from the essay's final sentence, that concludes also the setting: "We know the authentic effects of the true fire through every one of its million disguises."
# Protoclythia

Protoclythia is a genus of flat-footed flies in the family Platypezidae.

## Species

* P. californica Kessel, 1950
* P. modesta (Zetterstedt, 1844)
* P. rufa (Meigen, 1830)
# Protococcidiorida

Protococcidiorida is an order within the subclass Conoidasida of the phylum Apicomplexia. All members of this order are parasitic protozoa. The order was created by Kheisin in 1956.
The species in this order infect annelids.
There are five families and one additional genus (Sawayella) in this order.

## Life cycle

Both gamogony and sporogony is extracellular.
Merogony appears to be absent. The extracellular sporozoites develop directly into gamonts.

## Taxonomy

The family Grelliidae includes the genera Coelotropha and Grellia.
The family Angeiocystidae includes the genus Angeiocystis.
# Prolactin cell

A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory. Prolactin is responsible for actions needed for body homeostasis, the development of breasts, and for lactation. The inhibitory effects of dopamine override the stimulatory effects of TRH in non-pregnant, non-lactating sexually mature females. Depending on the sex of the individual, prolactin cells account for 20% - 50% of all cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The inhibitory effects of dopamine override the stimulatory effects of TRH in non-pregnant, non-lactating sexually mature females. Other regulators include oxytocin and progesterone.
Males and non-pregnant, non-lactating females typically have low levels of prolactin. The number for prolactin cells in a pregnant female will increase to allow for breast tissue development. Prolactin is involved in the maturation of mammary glands and their secretion of milk in association with oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids, and others. Prolactin has numerous other effects in both sexes.

## Function

When prolactin cells are observed in vitro, they are responsible for firing spontaneous action potentials, causing Ca2+ to follow the action potential pathway and allows for the exocytotic pathway, prolactin gene transcription, and hormone synthesis to remain active throughout. Prolactin gene transcription is responsible for the production of prolactin.
Prolactin is involved in the maturation of mammary glands and their secretion of milk in association with oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids, and others. Prolactin has numerous other effects in both sexes.

### Conditions

Prolactin cells are acidophilic by hematoxylin & eosin stains and, If these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, they will give rise to a prolactinoma, a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
Prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that is typically non-cancerous. This disorder is more common in females than males. Although the tumor itself may not cause symptoms, the tumor can cause an increased production of prolactin and decreased levels of estrogen and testosterone.
Symptoms of both sexes could include osteoporosis, infertility, or a decrease in sexual desire.
In men, prolactinoma could also cause erectile dysfunction, enlarged breast tissue, small muscles or a decrease in the amount of body hair. In women, this could cause breast discharge, irregular menstrual cycles, painful intercourse, acne, or an increase in the amount of body hair.
# Protesilaus stenodesmus

Protesilaus stenodesmus is a species of butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It was first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1906. It is found in south-eastern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.

## Description

Antenna black. Frons laterally white. Forewing distally transparent, the bands thin, interspace between band 1 and 2 half as wide again as that between bands 2 and 3; hindwing longer than in Protesilaus protesilaus and Protesilaus telesilaus, usually slightly yellowish, strongly dentate, median band of the under surface somewhat curved, placed nearer to the extremity of the cell than in protesilaus and telesilaus. Dorsal edge of the harpe not dilated.

## Status

A common species, usually mistaken for Protesilaus protesilaus and P. telesilaus.
# Protesilaus protesilaus

Protesilaus protesilaus is a species of butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm.

## Diagnostic characters

Bands one and two of the hindwing usually extend beyond the second submedian, band four mostly goes beyond the middle of the cell and sometimes reaches to its hinder margin, the transparent submarginal band has at least in the costal third brownish scales; hindwing more strongly dentate than in Protesilaus glaucolaus leucas. Frons in specimens from the Andes often entirely brownish black. Dorsal edge of the harpe dilated into a tooth, which is sometimes absent in specimens from the Andes. Submarginal spots of the hindwing white, rarely slightly yellowish, hindwing more strongly dentate than in Protesilaus glaucolaus, the first and second bands of the forewing on the whole shorter than in Protesilaus molops. Frons sometimes entirety brown black. The scent-scales very long and thin. The dorsal edge of the harpe deflexed, lying flat on the harpe, strongly dentate.

## Subspecies

* P. p. protesilaus Venezuela - Bolivia, Peru, Brazil ( São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro )
* P. p. dariensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Costa Rica, Panama Dorsal line of the abdomen broad, the margin of the hindwing between costa and first radial entirely or almost entirely black. The dilated part of the dorsal edge of the harpe distally with triangular tooth, ventral process denticulate from the base to the tip. Very similar to [ssp.] archesilaus, forewing at the base broader green, the black bands somewhat thinner, band one not extending beyond the second submedian, band four rarely reaching to the second cell fold; hindwing less strongly dentate than in archesilaus, the subbasal band of the forewing beneath narrower. Wings of the female slightly yellowish, especially the anal region of the hindwing.
* P. p. archesilaus (C. & R. Felder, 1865) Peru, Colombia On the whole considerably larger than protesilaus, hindwing more strongly dentate, the apex of the cell of the hindwing beneath more or less edged with red.
* P. p. nigricornis (Staudinger, 1884) Paraguay, Brazil (São Paulo, ...) Antenna usually black; frons brownish black, not white at the sides. Dorsal edge of the harpe with large tooth.

## Biology

The larva feeds on Annona.
# Ett bedårande barn av sin tid

Ett bedårande barn av sin tid is the 14th studio album and the second cover album by the Swedish pop rock musician Magnus Uggla. It was released in 2006. The album contains covers of Karl Gerhard songs.

## Track listing

* "Jag är ett bedårande barn av min tid" - 2:58
* "Desto vackrare blir jag" - 3:16
* "Förgyll vad du kan förgylla" - 2:27
* "Vart tar alla vackra flickor vägen" - 2:44
* "Och så tar vi oss en liten kaka till" - 2:31
* "Spott ut" - 3:56
* "Tack ska du ha" - 2:55
* "Vem vet hur länge vi har varann" - 3:26
* "Lilla Frida och jag" - 2:26
* "Nu ska vi vara snälla" - 3:08
* "En katt bland hermelinerna" - 3:35
* "Det jämnar alltid ut sig någonstans" - 3:15
* "Gungorna och karusellen" - 3:04
* "Hästen från Troja" - 3:01
* "Jazzgossen" - 2:52
* "Dom säger på stan" - 3:05
* "En doft från den fina världen" - 3:04

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |
# Joseph Whelan

Joseph Whelan was an Irish footballer who played for Bohemian during the 1890s and early 20th century.
Whelan was one of the most important figures in the early day of football in Dublin. He was a founding member of Bohemian in 1890 and was the club's first captain. Whelan also has the honour of scoring Bohemians' first ever goal when he netted against Britannia on 1 November 1890. A respected full back, he played in the first team for over a decade and appeared in the Irish Cup Final in 1900 when Bohemians lost 2-1 to Cliftonville.
Off the field, he was Club President of Bohemian from 1900–1905 and Vice-President from 1905-1916.

## Honours

* Leinster Senior Cup: 6
** 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898
* Leinster League
** 1899/1900, 1900/01
# Coal trimmer

A coal trimmer or trimmer is a position within the engineering department of a coal-fired steamship that involves all coal handling duties. Their main task is to ensure that coal is evenly distributed within a ship to ensure it remains trim in the water. Their efforts to control the fore-and-aft angle at which a ship floats is why they are called “trimmers”. Without proper management of the coal bunkers, ships could easily list due to uneven distribution of the coal.
The role of trimmers starts with the bunkering of coal, distributing it evenly within the bunkers, and then providing a consistent delivery of coal to the stoker or fireman working the vessel’s boilers.
Coal trimming was also a role based at the docks that involved levelling out the coal in a ship's hold to ensure that the ship was safe to travel. Coal was transported to the docks via railway wagons and the coal was tipped into the ship. As the coal was loaded into a hold of the ship it would form a conical pile. This was unsafe for the ship to sail in case the coal moved to one side causing the ship to list and roll.
Trimmers shovelled the coal out so that it was level and the ship was safe. It was a difficult job in dark and dangerous conditions.

## Role

Within the engineering crew, trimmers had one of the hardest lowest paid jobs. Working conditions were hard because they worked directly inside the coal bunkers which were poorly lit, full of coal dust, and very hot due to them being on top of or between the boilers.
Trimmers used shovels and wheelbarrows to move coal around the bunkers in order to keep the coal level, and to shovel the coal down the coal chute to the firemen below who fueled the furnaces.
Trimmers were also involved in extinguishing fires in the coal bunkers. Fires were frequent due to spontaneous combustion of the coal. They had to be extinguished with fire hoses and by removing the burning coal by feeding it into the furnace.
Coal trimmers worked on various docks in the UK in the early part of the 20th century. They were skilled at their job and in some areas of the country formed unions such as the Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Coal Trimmers' Union.

## Notable coal trimmers

* There were 73 trimmers aboard the coal-fired ocean liner RMS Titanic. During the sinking of the ship, they disregarded their own safety and stayed below deck to help keep the steam-driven electric generators running for the water pumps and lighting. Only 20 trimmers survived.
* Torsten Billman, a Swedish graphic artist, drawer, and mural painter – himself a coal trimmer and stoker on various merchant ships from 1926 to 1932 – has portrayed the hard work in coal bunkers and stokeholes.
* Frank Bailey, a Guyanese-British firefighter, was a coal trimmer.
* Peter MacCallum, Australian oncologist, worked his way from Australia to Britain as a coal trimmer to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh.
# Constitutio domus regis

The Constitutio domus regis (or Establishment of the King's Household), was a handbook written around 1136 that discussed the running of the household of King Henry I of England, as it was in the last years of Henry's reign. It was probably written for the new king, Stephen. It gives what every officer and member of the household should be paid, what other allowances they should be given, as well as listing all offices in the household. It is likely that the author of the work was Nigel who was treasurer under Henry I and became Bishop of Ely in 1133, although this is not accepted by all historians.
The Constitutio lists the offices and officers in three main grades. The first consists of the chancellor, the stewards, master butler and chamberlain, and the constables. The Treasury, or Exchequer, was already separate from the household of the king by the time the document was composed; for, although the head of the treasury, the Treasurer, was listed in the document, the rest of the treasury officials are not covered. It covers the whole of the domus regis, or household of the king.
It isn't until the Household Ordinances of 12 November 1279 that another document regulating the king's household survives.
# Dharmendra Kumar Singh Shakya

Dharmendra Kumar Singh Shakya is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly, Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the ‘Shekhupur’ constituency in Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh.

## Political career

Dharmendra Kumar Singh Shakya contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and defeated his close contestant Ashish Yadav from Samajwadi Party with a margin of 5386 votes.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2017 | Incumbent | Member, 17th Legislative Assembly | |
# Rudolf Fiket

Rudolf Fiket (5 February 1915 – 31 January 1978) was a Yugoslav racing cyclist. He rode in the 1936 Tour de France.
He died in 1978.
# Physiology, Physiological Chemistry, Pharmacology

Physiology, Physiological Chemistry, Pharmacology, with the parallel German title Berichte Physiologie, physiologische Chemie und Pharmakologie (ISSN 0005-9048), was a German medical journal with a focus on physiology, physiological chemistry and pharmacology, published by Springer. It was established by Carl Oppenheimer, Paul Ehrlich, Emil Fischer, Albrecht Kossel, Ernst Leopold Salkowski and Nathan Zuntz in 1902, originally titled Biochemisches Zentralblatt and later retitled Zentralblatt für Biochemie und Biophysik. It was retitled Berichte über die gesamte Physiologie und experimentelle Pharmakologie (ISSN 0366-0214) in 1920, which is sometimes known as Rona's Berichte, and obtained its final title in 1969. The journal ceased publication in 1980.
# Carntown, Kentucky

Carntown is an unincorporated community in Pendleton County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky.

## History

A variant name was Motier. A post office called Motier was established in 1839, the name was changed to Carntown in 1891, and the post office closed in 1920. Jacob Carnes, one of the early postmasters, gave the community its present name.
# Edapt

Edapt is an organisation which provides school teachers and staff, in England and Wales, with advice and accompaniment in individual employment disputes and allegations.
It was founded as an apolitical alternative to the traditional teaching unions such as the NEU or NASUWT.
Its founder was John Roberts a former secondary-school teacher, and senior leader at Oak National Academy.
Edapt is based in Manchester, England, and operates across England and Wales.

## History

The Independent explains that Edapt was established "After a survey showed 44% of teacher trade union members were not interested in taking any form of industrial action."
It was reported in The Telegraph that "Edapt launched in 2012 as a membership organisations for teachers who pay a monthly subscription and can access up to £150,000 of legal costs".
The then Secretary of State of Education, Michael Gove, explained "John (the CEO) was unhappy with the way the unions were spending his money so has set up an organisation Edapt, to provide independent support for teaching professionals"
In February 2020, The Telegraph reported proposals set out by Edapt to Number 10 to amend the Employment Relations Act 1999. It explained "While all workers should have equal employment rights under the law, the existing legislation fails to give non-union members the right to be accompanied to formal meetings by 'reasonably qualified companions.'
In March 2021, a bill to allow teachers who are not members of trade unions to seek broader representation in legal hearings passed the first reading stage in the House of Commons. The Education Employment (Accompaniment to Hearings) Bill was introduced by the former headteacher and MP for Bassetlaw, Brendan Clarke-Smith. The bill did not reach its second hearing during the Parliamentary session under-which it was introduced.
In a response to a written parliamentary question raised by Steve Baker (politician) in April 2022, Edapt was cited in by the Minister of State (Education), Robin Walker stating that "the Secretary of State for Education, is supportive in principle of a change to the Employment Relations Act 1999 to give teachers who are not members of a trade union the right to be accompanied by a representative of another professional body, such as Edapt, to disciplinary and grievance meetings."