OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Salvadore Cammarano

Salvadore Cammarano (19 March 1801 – 17 July 1852) was an Italian librettist and playwright perhaps best known for writing the text of Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) for Gaetano Donizetti.
For Donizetti he also contributed the libretti for L'assedio di Calais (1836), Belisario (1836), Pia de' Tolomei (1837), Roberto Devereux (1837), Maria de Rudenz (1838), Poliuto (1838), and Maria di Rohan (1843), while for Giuseppe Persiani he was the author of Ines de Castro.
For Verdi he wrote Alzira (1845), La battaglia di Legnano (1849) and Luisa Miller (1849), but after he died in July 1852, Verdi worked with Leone Emanuele Bardare to complete the libretto for Il trovatore (1853). Cammarano also started work on libretto for a proposed adaptation of William Shakespeare's play King Lear, named Re Lear, but he died before completing it; a detailed scenario survives.
His father, Giuseppe, was a painter and set-designer. His son, Michele, was also a painter.

## Libretti by Cammarano

* 1834: La sposa (Egisto Vignozzi)
* 1835: Ines de Castro (Giuseppe Persiani), in collaboration with Giovanni Emanuele Bidera
* 1835: Un matrimonio per ragione (Giuseppe Staffa)
* 1835: Lucia di Lammermoor (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1836: Belisario (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1836: L'assedio di Calais (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1836: Eufemio di Messina (Giuseppe Persiani), from an original libretto by Felice Romani
* 1837: Pia de' Tolomei (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1837: Roberto Devereux (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1838: Maria de Rudenz (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1838: Poliuto (Gaetano Donizetti), first performance 1848
* 1838: Elena da Feltre (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1839: I ciarlatani (Luigi Cammarano)
* 1839: Il Conte di Chalais (Giuseppe Lillo)
* 1840: Cristina di Svezia (Alessandro Nini)
* 1840: Saffo (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1840: La vestale (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1841: Luigi Rolla (Federico Ricci)
* 1842: Il proscritto (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1842: La fidanzata corsa (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1843: Maria di Rohan (Gaetano Donizetti)
* 1843: Il reggente (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1843: Ester d'Engaddi (Achille Peri)
* 1843: Il ravvedimento (Luigi Cammarano)
* 1845: Bondelmonte (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1845: Alzira (Giuseppe Verdi)
* 1845: Il vascello de Gama (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1845: Stella di Napoli (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1846: Orazi e Curiazi (Saverio Mercadante)
* 1847: Merope (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1847: Eleonora Dori (Vincenzo Battista)
* 1849: La battaglia di Legnano (Giuseppe Verdi)
* 1849: Luisa Miller (Giuseppe Verdi)
* 1850: Virginia (Saverio Mercadante), first performance 1866
* 1850: Non v'è fumo senza fuoco (Luigi Cammarano)
* 1851: Malvina di Scozia (Giovanni Pacini)
* 1851: Folco d'Arles (Nicola De Giosa)
* 1851: Medea [it] (Saverio Mercadante), from an original libretto by Felice Romani
* 1853: Il trovatore (Giuseppe Verdi)
# Aphanactis

Aphanactis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
The genus is native to the Andes of northwestern South America, except for one species from southern Mexico.

## Species

* Aphanactis antisanensis H.Rob. - Ecuador
* Aphanactis barclayae H.Rob. - Ecuador
* Aphanactis boliviana H.Rob. - Bolivia
* Aphanactis cocuyensis Cuatrec. - Colombia
* Aphanactis hutchisonii H.Rob. - Peru
* Aphanactis jamesoniana Wedd. - Ecuador
* Aphanactis ligulata Cuatrec. - Colombia
* Aphanactis macdonaldii B.L.Turner - Oaxaca
* Aphanactis ollgaardii H.Rob. - Ecuador
* Aphanactis piloselloides Cuatrec. - Colombia
* Aphanactis villosa S.F.Blake - Ecuador, Peru
# Rosa 'John Davis'

Rosa 'John Davis' is a pink Hybrid Kordesii rose cultivar, bred by Canadian rose breeder Felicitas Svejda. It was introduced in Canada in 1977 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is considered to be best of the early Canadian Explorer roses that Svejda developed and named in honour of legendary Canadian explorers.

## Description

'John Davis' is a tall Hybrid Kordesii shrub rose variety, 7 ft (2.1 m) in height with a 6 ft (1.8 m) spread. It has a quartered, cupped bloom form of medium-sized 3 in (76 mm) Flowers. Blooms begin as bright pink and then fade as they age to a lighter pink with golden centers. Flowers are carried in clusters of 10–15 and have a light, musky fragrance. The rose will bloom occasionally during the season after its first flowering. The plant has an arching, rambling growth habit and glossy, dark green foliage.

## History
### Felicitas Svejda

Felicitas Svejda was born November 8, 1920, in Vienna, Austria. She studied agricultural science at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, where she earned a PhD in 1948. She moved to Canada in 1953 and was hired by the Canadian Department of Agriculture's research division in Ottawa, Ontario. Her first project was researching cereal grains, but later she began working with ornamental plants. Svejda was given a new project in 1961 to create a series of winter hardy roses which would thrive in the coldest regions of Canada, with sub-freezing winter temperatures of -50 C, and would also flower regularly during Canada's short growing season.
With no prior knowledge of roses, Svejvda developed a successful rose-breeding program at the Central Experimental Farm (CEF) in Ottawa. From the 1960s to the 1980s, she introduced many new cultivars, including 22 roses in the Explorer Rose Series, named in honour of Canadian explorers. Some of her most popular cultivars are 'John Cabot', 'Alexander MacKenzie', 'David Thompson', and 'Jens Munk'. Svejvda led the rose-breeding program at CEF for 25 years until her retirement in 1985. Her roses continued to be introduced in Canada well into the 1990s. Svejda died on January 19, 2016, in Ottawa at the age of 95.

### 'John Davis'

Svejda bred 'John Davis' by crossing 'Kordesii' and ('Red Dawn' x 'Suzanne'). The rose cultivar was introduced in Canada in 1977 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It is one of the Explorer Roses that Svejda developed to withstand the harsh Canadian winters and thrive in its short growing season. It has been described as the "most beautiful of the very hardy Canadian roses". 'John Davis' is named for John Davis (1550–1605), an explorer and navigator who helped discover the Northwest Passage. He was also the first navigator to pass through the Davis Strait between Greenland and Canada.
# Brachycybe lecontii

Brachycybe lecontii is a species of millipede in the family Andrognathidae. It is found in the eastern United States. Like others in the genus, this species is often referred to as feather millipedes.

## Description

Like others in the genus, this species has no eyes. It is pink in colour, although the shade of pink varies geographically.

## Diet

It is fungivorous, feeding on fungi from a large variety of fungal orders.

## Behaviour
### Sociality

Like other Brachycybe species, this species is a social millipede that forms colonies. Sociality is uncommon amongst millipedes; outside of this genus, social behaviour has evolved in only a few other groups.
Brachycybe species are known to form "pinwheel" shaped groups of individuals, where the millipedes form a circle, their heads pointing inwards and their bodies pointing outwards. Females are more likely to form such "pinwheels". The precise purpose of this "pinwheeling" behaviour is uncertain, but it is known to be a feeding behaviour, seen when feeding on fungi.

### Paternal care

B. lecontii shows paternal care of eggs throughout their incubation, which may last 3-4 weeks. This parental care does not extent to young after hatching. It appears that the survival of eggs is completely dependent on the presence of paternal care, as all eggs become unviable after being separated from the brooding male, perhaps because the brooding male is needed to clean the eggs and ward of fungal infections. Males will seek out and collect eggs if they have been separated from their clutch. Similarly, males will collect the eggs of other males if they have been abandoned, adding them to their own clutch..
* A colony, including adults with hatchlings
* Hatchlings
* Alabama
* Alabama
* Paternal care of eggs
# Nicholas II of Werle

Nicholas II, Lord of Werle (before 1275 – 18 February 1316 in Pustow, near Güstrow) was Lord of Werle-Parchim from 1283 until his death, and from 1292 Lord of Werle.
His uncle Henry I of Werle was killed in 1291 by his sons Henry II and Nicholas because he had remarried and they felt this threatened their inheritance. After a prolonged war, Nicholas II defeated his cousins, who had formed an alliance with Lord Henry II of Mecklenburg and Elector Albert III of Brandenburg. This allowed him to reunite Werle-Parchim and Werle-Güstrow.
In 1311, he travelled to Montpellier in southern France, where he hoped to be cured of leprosy at the famous school of medicine. He was not cured, but the progress of the disease was slowed. He retired from government and lived the rest of his life at Pustow, near Güstrow.
Nicholas II died in 1316. After his death, Werle was split again, with Nicholas' son John III taking Werle-Goldberg and Nicholas' younger brother John II taking Werle-Güstrow.

## Marriage and issue

Nicholas first married in 1292, with Richeza (died before 27 October 1308), a daughter of King Eric V of Denmark. He had two children with her:
* John III, Lord of Werle-Goldberg
* Sophia (d. 6 December 1339), married Gerhard III "the Great", Count of Holstein-Rendsburg
His second wife was Matilda, the daughter of Duke Otto II of Brunswick-Lüneburg. This marriage remained childless.
# Arkady Chepelev

Arkady Yegorovich Chepelev (Russian: Аркадий Егорович Чепелев; 24 January 1915 – 31 July 1985) was a Red Army Starshina or sergeant major and Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the title for ferrying weapons and ammunition to troops in the Dnieper bridgehead and repelling counterattacks during the Battle of the Dnieper. Chepelev continued to fight in combat and served with the 167th Rifle Division during the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive and Battle of the Dukla Pass, among others. He was demobilized postwar and returned to Voronezh, working as a mechanic in an aircraft factory.

## Early life

Chepelev was born on 24 January 1915 in the village of Tamlyk in Voronezh Governorate to a peasant family. After he completed four years of primary school, Chepelev's family moved to Voronezh. Chepelev then worked at a factory there.

## World War II

In April 1942, Chepelev was drafted into the Red Army. He was sent to the 180th Separate Sapper Battalion of the 167th Rifle Division in April 1943. The division fought in the Battle of Kursk.
By September 1943, he was a senior sergeant commanding a sapper squad in the battalion. On 12 September, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. He fought in the Battle of the Dnieper. On 26 September, Chepelev and his squad cleared lanes in German minefields near Vyshhorod, enabling the advance of infantry units. During the subsequent crossing of the Dnieper, Chepelev reportedly made several trips on a raft, ferrying weapons and ammunition to troops on the west bank. Chepelev's squad reportedly built an improvised rowboat and ferried two artillery guns and an infantry battalion across the river. On 3 November, Chepelev helped repulse German counterattacks on the bridgehead.
On 10 January 1944, Chepelev was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1944. Chepelev continued to fight with the 167th Rifle Division. In the summer, he fought in the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. During the fall, he participated in the Battle of the Dukla Pass. On 8 December, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class. In January 1945, he fought in the Western Carpathian Offensive. During April, he fought in the Moravian-Ostrava Offensive.

## Postwar

After the end of the war in 1945, Chepelev demobilized with the rank of sergeant major or Starshina and returned to Voronezh. He worked as a factory mechanic at the Voronezh Aircraft Production Association. On 11 March 1985, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class on the 40th anniversary of the end of World War II. Chepelev died on 31 July 1985 and was buried in the city's Southwestern Cemetery.
# Dunckerocampus boylei

Dunckerocampus boylei (broad-banded pipefish) is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the Red Sea, Mauritius, and Indonesia, but it is thought to be widespread throughout the Indian Ocean. It lives in coastal caves and crevices at depths of 20–40 metres (66–131 ft), where it can grow to lengths of 16 centimetres (6.3 in). It feeds on small crustaceans that grow on other fish species. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs and giving birth to live young. The specific name honours Bill Boyle, an underwater fish photographer who drew the attention of Kuiter to the species.
# Nováky Power Plant

The lignite fired Nováky Power Plant is located in Zemianske Kostoľany near the Novácke uhoľné bane coal mines in the District of Prievidza, Slovakia. In addition to electricity generation and supply, Nováky Power Plant provides for hot water supplies for heating of the towns of Prievidza, Nováky, Zemianske Kostoľany as well as for industrial and other organisations and steam for heat supplies to surrounding industrial enterprises. It has a 150m tall chimney, built in 1963 and a 300-metre tall chimney, built in 1976.
The power station operates in the Slovak power system under basic and semi-peak modes. With its installed capacity of 266 MWe it accounts for some 6% of Slovenské elektrárne, a.s. installed capacity.
The power plant was ranked by the European Environment Agency as the industrial facility that is causing the highest damage costs to health and the environment in Slovakia and the 18th worst in the entire European Union. It was calculated that the total cost to health and environment of the Nováky Power Plant was between 1.814 and 5.003 billion euro over the 5-year period of 2008 and 2012.
In 2019, the European Commission approved a measure under state aid rules to ensure the plant stays operational even when not profitable, to ensure security of supply in the region.
Scheduled to close in 2023.
# Nick Crittenden (writer)

Nick Crittenden FRSA is a British writer and researcher who has worked in UK television drama for the BBC and ITV. He was awarded a Fellowship in Creative and Performing Arts by the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) for research into feature film development. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA) for making a "prominent contribution to positive social change". He studied creative and critical writing at the University of East Anglia.
# Salish

Salish (/ˈseɪləʃ/) may refer to:
* Salish peoples, a group of First Nations/Native Americans
** Coast Salish peoples, several First Nations/Native American groups in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest
** Interior Salish peoples, several First Nations/Native American groups in the inland regions of the Pacific Northwest
* Salishan languages, a group of languages
** Coast Salish languages
** Interior Salish languages
* Bitterroot Salish
* The Salish-Spokane-Kalispel language
* The Salish Wool Dog bred by the Salish peoples
* NATO reporting name for the FKR-1

## Places

* Salish Sea, an inland sea consisting of Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia
* Salish Mountains, a mountain range in Montana
* Salishan, Tacoma, Washington, a neighborhood of Tacoma.

## In fiction

* the Salish, a people featured in the episode "Spirits" of the television series Stargate SG-1
* Salish, a character in the episode "The Paradise Syndrome" of the television series Star Trek
* Anna Delaney, a character in the BBC drama Taboo (2017 TV series), who is referred to as a person of Salish heritage.

## In transportation

* The Salish class of ferries operated by BC Ferries.
# Anyimon

Anyimon is a town located in the mid-western part of Ghana. It is in the Berekum Municipal District of the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana.

## Notable people

* Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, the former Chairman of the Electoral Commission of Ghana.
* This Central Region, Ghana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rourkela Municipal Corporation

Rourkela Municipal Corporation is the civic body governing Indian city of Rourkela. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Rourkela Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

## History and administration

Rourkela Municipal Corporation was formed to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population. Rourkela Municipal Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councilor for which elections are held every 5 years.
Rourkela Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor and administered by Municipal Commissioner Dr. Subhankar Mohaptra.

## Functions

Rourkela Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority.
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

## Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.
# Changnaayili

Changnaayili is a community in Tamale Metropolitan District in the Northern Region of Ghana.
# Despetal

Despetal is a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the town Gronau.
# Army of the North (disambiguation)

The Army of the North or was one of the armies deployed by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in the Spanish American wars of independence.
Army of the North, Northern Army, or similar names may also refer to:

## Current components of larger armies

* Northern Army (Japan)
* United States Army North
* Shan State Army - North, Shan nationalist insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma)

## Historical armies

* Army of the North (Ireland), a force of Irish Protestants raised in 1689 during the Williamite War
* Northern Army (Russia), a White force 1918-1920

## Historical components of larger armies

* Army of the North (France), any of several historical units of the French Army
* Army of the North (Spain), the Nationalist army that rose up and fought against the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War.
* Armed Forces of the North (1976–1983), rebel army during the Chadian Civil War
* Northern District Army (Japan) (1940–1945), of the Imperial Japanese Army
* North Army (German Empire) (1914), during World War I
* Army Group North (1939–1945), German formation during World War II
* Northern Army Group (1952–1993), a NATO military formation during the Cold War
* Northern Group of Forces (1945-1993), Soviet formation during the Cold War.
* Northern Army (1895–1905), part of the British Indian Army's Northern Command

## Northern armies in opposition to southern armies

* Union Army in the U.S. Civil War
* North Vietnam Army
* North Korea Army
# Mandalakkottai

Mandalakkottai is a village in the Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Mandalakkottai had a total population of 1090 with 518 males and 572 females. The sex ratio was 1104. The literacy rate was 62.81.
# DFCU House

DFCU House is a building in Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.

## Location

The building is located at 26 Kyaddondo Road, at the corner with Kafu Road, on Nakasero Hill, an upscale neighborhood in the central business district of Kampala. The coordinates of DFCU House are 0°19'36.0"N, 32°34'56.0"E (Latitude:0.326668; Longitude:32.582223).

## Overview

DFCU House houses the headquarters of DFCU Group and the main branch of DFCU Bank. As of December 2017, DFCU Bank was the second-largest commercial bank in Uganda by assets, with total assets in excess of UGX:3 trillion (US$800 million).
The building rises approximately 118.65 feet (36 m) above ground, with ten office floors. Space that is not used by the DFCU Group, is available for rent to commercial tenants.

## History

DFCU Group, the parent company of DFCU Bank, had its headquarters offices scattered in several buildings in Kampala. In September 2011, construction began on a ten-story office complex on Nakasero Hill, to serve as the group's headquarters and house the main branch of the bank. Roko Construction Limited, a Ugandan construction company, was contracted to construct the building at an estimated cost of US$10 million (UGX:28 billion). Construction began in September 2011, with completion during the second half of 2013. As of June 2014, the construction was complete and occupancy was expected to take place in the second half of 2014. The office tower, valued at UGX:55 billion at that time, was officially dedicated as open in September 2015.
# Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924

Constantinople: City of the World's Desire 1453-1924 is a 1995 non-fiction book by Philip Mansel, covering Constantinople (now Istanbul) during the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
The author hoped to show positive aspects of the Ottoman Empire while acknowledging some negative aspects.
William Dalrymple of The Independent stated that it is an important work due to few people being able to comprehend Ottoman Turkish and therefore being able to research the Ottoman Empire.

## Background

William Armstrong of Hürriyet Daily News stated that the usage of "Constantinople" instead of "Istanbul" was a "deliberate decision" to highlight the "historical cosmopolitanism" that ended after the end of the empire.

## Contents

Mordecai Lee of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee states that the book "maintains a strict academic-level presentation" although it is "eminently readable for a lay person". The author discusses the various aspects of the city, among them religious tolerance and tensions. Armstrong states that the book does not flesh out "historical background" and therefore does not demonstrate "deep impression of the underlying intellectual undercurrents".
The book's bibliography and end notes sections make up 22 and 41 pages each.

## Reception

John Ash of The Washington Post stated that Mansel wrote an "engaging and richly detailed account".
Lee stated that the "more positive aspects of Ottoman history[...]are especially enlightening to the reader". Lee praised how the "information flows naturally" and concluded that it was an "outstanding book".
Dalrymple described it as "an impeccably researched masterpiece of exquisite historical writing, without question one of the finest books ever written by an Englishman on the Turks."