OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parisite-(Ce)

Parisite is a rare mineral consisting of cerium, lanthanum and calcium fluoro-carbonate, Ca(Ce,La)$_2$(CO$_3$)$_3$F$_2$. Parisite is mostly parisite-(Ce), but when neodymium is present in the structure the mineral becomes parisite-(Nd).
It is found only as crystals, which belong to the trigonal or monoclinic pseudo-hexagonal system and usually have the form of acute double pyramids terminated by the basal planes; the faces of the hexagonal pyramids are striated horizontally, and parallel to the basal plane there is a perfect cleavage. The crystals are hair-brown in color and are translucent. The hardness is 4.5 and the specific gravity is 4.36. Light which has traversed a crystal of parisite exhibits a characteristic absorption spectrum.
At first, the only known occurrence of this mineral was in the famous emerald mine at Muzo in Colombia, South America, where it was found by J.J. Paris, who rediscovered and worked the mine in the early part of the 19th century; here it is associated with emerald in a bituminous limestone of Cretaceous age.
Closely allied to parisite, and indeed first described as such, is a mineral from the nepheline-syenite district of Julianehaab in south Greenland. To this the name synchysite has been given. The crystals are rhombohedral (as distinct from hexagonal; they have the composition CeFCa(CO$_3$)$_2$, and specific gravity of 2.90. At the same locality there is also found a barium-parisite, which differs from the Colombian parisite in containing barium in place of calcium, the formula being (CeF)$_2$Ba(CO$_3$)$_3$: this is named cordylite on account of the club-shaped form of its hexagonal crystals. Bastnasite is a cerium lanthanum and neodymium fluoro-carbonate (CeF)CO$_3$, from Bastnas, near Riddarhyttan, in Vestmanland, Sweden, and the Pikes Peak region in Colorado, United States.
# Parisina (poem)

Parisina is a 586-line poem written by Lord Byron. It was probably written between 1812 and 1815, and published on 13 February 1816.
It is based on a story related by Edward Gibbon in his Miscellaneous Works (1796) about Niccolò III d'Este, one of the dukes of Ferrara in the 15th century. Niccolò found out that Parisina Malatesta, his second wife, had an incestuous relationship with his bastard son Ugo and had both of them put to death.
In Byron's poem, Azo (his version of Niccolò) learns of the affair when Parisina mutters the name of Hugo (Ugo) in her sleep. In another embellishment by Byron, Parisina and Hugo were engaged to be married before Azo decided to marry her. Also, Azo sentences only Hugo to death; Parisina's fate is unknown, except for the fact that she is forced to witness Hugo's execution and utters a shriek that indicates approaching madness. Azo is tormented by his decision.

## Operas

* Parisina by Gaetano Donizetti, after a libretto by Felice Romani modeled on Byron
* Parisina by Pietro Mascagni, after Gabriele D'Annunzio's libretto who adapted Byron's poem

## Gallery

* Thomas Jones Barker, Parisina, 1842, private collection
* Ford Madox Brown, study for a lost painting of Parisina, 1842, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
* Ford Madox Brown, study for a lost painting of Parisina, 1842, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
* Ford Madox Brown, study for a lost painting of Parisina, 1842, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
# Doorin Peninsula

The Doorin Peninsula (Irish: Dúrian) is a peninsula in County Donegal, Ireland. The peninsula is one of the many rocky outcrops on the northern side of Donegal Bay.
The area is largely agricultural, with small patches of commercial forest. The coastline is most low-lying, however sizable sea-cliffs are present in the south of the peninsula, at Doorin Point, and a small sand beach is located in the west of the peninsula. Extensive wave-cut platforms are exposed along the peninsula at low tide.
# Doore

Doore may refer to:
* Donna Doore, American politician
* Doore Doore Oru Koodu Koottam, Indian film
# Elmer S. Riggs

Elmer Samuel Riggs (January 23, 1869 – March 25, 1963) was an American paleontologist known for his work with the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois.

## Biography

He was born in Trafalgar, Indiana, and moved with his family to Kansas at a young age. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Kansas and then worked with the American Museum of Natural History. In May 1898 he joined the staff of the Field Museum (then the Field Columbian Museum) as that museum's first paleontologist. Though he was a specialist in fossil mammals, the Field Museum hired him in part to secure dinosaurs for exhibit.
In the summer of 1898 he began with a field season in the Oligocene White River beds of South Dakota and Nebraska working under his department chairman, Oliver Farrington, a meteoriticist. Riggs demonstrated a clear facility for fieldwork and was given the opportunity to lead his own expeditions. He conducted his first Field Museum expedition in 1899 working in the Morrison Formation rocks of Wyoming and Colorado and it was during this expedition that he discovered the first known specimen of Torvosaurus tanneri. After corresponding with an MD during the winter of 1899/1900 he headed to the Morrison Formation in Western Colorado during the summer of 1900. On July 4, 1900, Riggs' assistant, H. William Menke, found the first known skeleton of the giant sauropod dinosaur Brachiosaurus altithorax from near Grand Junction, Colorado. At the end of the 1900 field season Riggs' found a specimen of Apatosaurus near Fruita, a few miles from the Brachiosaurus site. This specimen was excavated during the 1901 field season, and was put on display in 1908 at the Field Museum. From these specimens he named Brachiosaurus and Brachiosauridae, and presented evidence that Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus were the same genus of dinosaur. He also proposed that sauropods were terrestrial animals, based on their limb structure, but this was largely dismissed in favor of aquatic sauropods until the 1970s, when the idea was revived by Robert Bakker.
A “little carnivorous dinosaur” fossil that he brought back from Alberta, Canada, in 1922 was determined after field jackets were removed in 1999, to be Gorgosaurus, a tyrannosaurid.
Following these discoveries, he returned to fossil mammals, and worked throughout the western United States and South America until 1931. His collection of Argentinian and Bolivian fossil mammals secured on two multi-year expeditions to South America (Captain Marshall Field Expeditions) are his greatest legacy, and are still studied intensively. One particularly notable find was the saber-toothed marsupial Thylacosmilus, which he found in Late Miocene-age rocks of Argentina in 1927 and named in 1933. He became the Curator of Paleontology at the Field Museum, and was employed by the museum until he retired in 1942. He was also sought after as a lecturer, and was still conducting speaking tours many years after retiring from the Field Museum. He died on March 25, 1963, in Sedan, Kansas, at the age of 94.
# Double-exchange mechanism

The double-exchange mechanism is a type of a magnetic exchange that may arise between ions in different oxidation states. First proposed by Clarence Zener, this theory predicts the relative ease with which an electron may be exchanged between two species and has important implications for whether materials are ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or exhibit spiral magnetism. For example, consider the 180 degree interaction of Mn-O-Mn in which the Mn "e$_g$" orbitals are directly interacting with the O "2p" orbitals, and one of the Mn ions has more electrons than the other. In the ground state, electrons on each Mn ion are aligned according to the Hund's rule:
If O gives up its spin-up electron to Mn$^{4+}$, its vacant orbital can then be filled by an electron from Mn$^{3+}$. At the end of the process, an electron has moved between the neighboring metal ions, retaining its spin. The double-exchange predicts that this electron movement from one species to another will be facilitated more easily if the electrons do not have to change spin direction in order to conform with Hund's rules when on the accepting species. The ability to hop (to delocalize) reduces the kinetic energy. Hence the overall energy saving can lead to ferromagnetic alignment of neighboring ions.
This model is superficially similar to superexchange. However, in superexchange, a ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic alignment occurs between two atoms with the same valence (number of electrons); while in double-exchange, the interaction occurs only when one atom has an extra electron compared to the other.
# Double-eyed fig parrot

The double-eyed fig parrot (Cyclopsitta diophthalma), also known as the blue-faced fig parrot, red-faced fig parrot, dwarf fig parrot, and the two-eyed fig parrot, primarily inhabits forests on New Guinea and nearby islands, but is also found in isolated communities along the tropical Australian coast, east of the Great Dividing Range. With an average total length of about 14 cm (5+1⁄2 in), it is the smallest parrot in Australia.
Most subspecies of the double-eyed fig parrot are sexually dimorphic, with males having more red (less silvery and blue) to the face than the females. It is predominantly green with a very short tail, a disproportionately large head and bill, and red and blue facial markings. Its name is derived from a blue spot on the lores, which in New Guinean birds is roughly the same size as the eyes.
Although assessed as of Least Concern by the IUCN, certain subspecies are under threat. Coxen's fig parrot (C. d. coxeni) is of one Australia's rarest and least known birds, having been recorded on fewer than 200 occasions since being described by Gould in 1866. It is classified as Endangered in Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992), New South Wales (New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995), and also nationally in Australia (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) as it has declined due, at least in part, to the clearing of lowland subtropical rainforest over its range.

## Behaviour

The double-eyed fig parrot generally forages for figs, berries, seeds, nectar, and the grubs of wood-boring insects. This foraging is done in pairs or in a flock of only a few individuals. It tends to fly in a quick and direct manner. It produces a short and shrill call. Unlike many other parrots which generally use existing holes in trees for nests, double-eyed fig parrots excavate their own nest cavities, usually in a rotten tree.
Double-eyed fig parrots utter high-pitched, clipped, two or three note zzzt-zzzt or zeet-zeet calls, unlike the rolling or trilling screeches typical of lorikeets. These calls are mostly made in flight, but sometimes when perched. When engrossed in feeding, it may also make a variety of softer, chattering noises.
Eight subspecies of the double-eyed fig parrot are described. Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni, C. d. macleayana, and C. d. marshalli are restricted to Australia, and the other five are restricted to New Guinea and associated islands.

## Subspecies

* C. d. aruensis (Aru double-eyed fig parrot)
* C. d. coccineifrons (Astrolabe Mountain fig parrot)
* C. d. coxeni (Coxen's fig parrot)
* C. d. diophthalma
* C. d. inseparabilis (Tagula fig parrot)
* C. d. macleayana (Macleay's fig parrot or red-browed fig parrot)
* C. d. marshalli (Marshall's fig parrot)
* C. d. virago (Hartert's double-eyed fig parrot)

## Gallery

* Male C. d. marshalli
* Female C. d. marshalli from the Cape York Peninsula, Australia
* Male C. d. macleayana in Daintree National Park, Queensland, Australia
* Female C. d. macleayana in Cairns, Queensland, Australia
# Double-fault

The term double-fault can be an adjective referring to:
* double fault (computing), a fault that occurs during processing of another
* double fault (tennis), two consecutive faults during service
# Donna Andrews

Donna Andrews may refer to:
* Donna Andrews (golfer) (born 1967), American golfer
* Donna Andrews (author), American mystery fiction writer
* Donna Andrews (EastEnders), a fictional character in the British TV soap opera EastEnders
# Donna Amato

Donna Marie Amato (born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American pianist. She teaches at University of Pittsburgh.

## Life

Amato studied under the renowned teacher and virtuoso, Ozan Marsh throughout her early musical training. After receiving her BMA from the University of Arizona in 1983, Amato traveled to Europe to study with Louis Kentner, in London and with Gaby Casadesus, in Paris. She also received a scholarship to play for Guido Agosti's masterclass series in Siena, Italy with a Diploma d'Onore.
She studied in Mexico with Angelica Morales von Sauer, leading to concert appearances throughout Mexico as well as additional performances in many European countries, the United States, and radio broadcasts on the BBC.

## Recordings

Amato records mainly for the Altarus Records label.
She has been performing the music of Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji; in addition to giving the first ever performance of a Sorabji piano concerto (No. 5, in Utrecht, Netherlands, with Netherlands Radio Orchestra conducted by Ed Spanjaard), she premiered Sorabji's Piano Symphony No. 5 (Symphonia brevis) in New York in 2004 and, in April 2011, her recording of this work on the Altarus label was released. She has also recorded several shorter Sorabji pieces.
Amato has also been performing the works of Ethelbert Nevin, composer from her hometown of Edgeworth, Pennsylvania. She has compiled a list of Nevin's works and has performed them both in the studio and live in performances in her home town.
She has also released a CD containing various works by Carson Cooman.
# Dorothy Steel (croquet player)

Dorothy Dyne Steel (21 April 1884 – 22 January 1965), commonly referred to as D. D. Steel, was an English croquet player.
Steel dominated English croquet in the 1920s and 1930s, winning the Best 10 competition six times (1922, 1923, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1937), the Open Championship four times (1925, 1933, 1935 and 1936) and the Women's Championship fifteen times (1919, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939).
She represented England in three MacRobertson Shield tournaments, winning on two occasions.
In 2011, Steel was inducted into the World Croquet Federation Hall of Fame.

## Career statistics
### Major tournament performance timeline

| Tournament | 1914 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 |
| Open Championship | A | A | A | A | A | F | F | W | SF | 3R | F | F | SF | QF | F | W | QF |
| Women's Championship | F | W | F | SF | W | A | A | W | W | W | A | W | W | 1R | W | W | W |
| Champion Cup | A | A | A | A | W | W | 4 | 4= | 6= | 5 | 4= | 2 | 2 | W | 5= | W | W |
| Win-loss | 4–1 | 4–0 | 4–1 | 3–1 | 5–0 | 5–1 | 4–1 | 10–0 | 9–1 | 6–1 | 4–1 | 8–1 | 8–1 | 2–2 | 8–1 | 9–0 | 6–1 |
| Tournament | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | SR | W–L | Win % |
| Open Championship | W | W | 3R | SF | F | A | QF | 2R | 1R | 3R | A | A | A | A | QF | 4 / 22 | 66–18 | 78.6 |
| Women's Championship | W | W | W | W | W | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 1R | 15 / 20 | 74–5 | 93.7 |
| President's Cup | 4= | 2 | W | 3 | NH$^*$ | A | A | 2= | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 6 / 19 | | |
| Win-loss | 9–0 | 9–0 | 5–1 | 7–1 | 7–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 25/61 | 140–23 | 85.9 |
$^*$ not held because of outbreak of World War 2.
Key :
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
The Champion Cup/President's Cup is played as a 8/10 player round-robin and the number indicates the final position achieved.
The Champion Cup was won outright by Miss Steel in 1933 and was replaced by the President's Cup. Until 1938 ten players played in the event. Since then eight have played.
# Dothan Civic Center

Dothan Civic Center is a 3,100-seat multi-purpose arena located in Dothan, Alabama.
It hosts local sporting events and concerts. Ultimate Fighting Championship 12 was held at Dothan Civic Center.

## History

The arena had its groundbreaking ceremony on August 2, 1972. The building complex was named the Dothan Civic Center and Driggers Municipal Building and opened in 1974.
# Paremhat 20

Paremhat 19 – Coptic calendar – Paremhat 21
The twentieth day of the Coptic month of Paremhat, the seventh month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to March 16, of the Julian calendar, and March 29, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The departure of Pope Michael III, the 56th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark

### Other commemorations

* The commemoration of the Raising of Saint Lazarus from the Dead
# Dosh (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| East Bay Express | favorable |
| Pitchfork | 7.4/10 |
Dosh is the first solo studio album by American multi-instrumentalist Dosh. Originally released on Dinkytown Records in 2002, it was re-released on Anticon in 2003. It peaked at number 142 on the CMJ Radio 200 chart.

## Critical reception

Chris Dahlen of Pitchfork gave the album a 7.4 out of 10, saying: "Each track sounds careful but chaotic, simple but extreme, as Dosh shines the spotlight on himself and then dissolves into a dozen layers of movement." He added: "More than a drum recital or a set of nice tunes, Dosh's debut is a showcase where he can craft meticulous tracks and then blitz them with spontaneous joy." Dave Segal of East Bay Express said: "His self-titled debut album serves as a calling card to procure work with hot vocalists or MCs seeking a crafty producer with unconventional skills to burn." He called it "a deft display of technical prowess that's begging for an adventurous singer or rapper."
# Pas de Lona

The Pas de Lona (2,787 m) is a high mountain pass across the Pennine Alps, located in the canton of Valais. It connects Saint-Martin with Grimentz and is the lowest pass between the valleys of Herens and Anniviers. The pass is overlooked by the Becs de Bosson (north) and the Sasseneire (south).
# Pas de Peyrol

Pas de Peyrol (el. 1,589 m) is a mountain pass located in Auvergne, France, and is the highest road pass in the Massif Central. The pass is on the slopes of Puy Mary (1,787 m) and is situated at the junction of three roads:
* D17 to the south-west towards Aurillac, via the Col de Redondet (1,531 m), then down the valley of the River Jordanne.
* D680 to the north-west towards Salers
* D680 to the east, towards Dienne, down the valley of the River Santoire

## Tour de France

The pass is regularly used on the Tour de France, most recently in the 2020 tour. The pass was first used in the 1959 Tour de France, on the 231 km stage 14 from Aurillac to Clermont Ferrand, with Louis Bergaud first across the summit. In the 2004 tour, the pass was used on stage 10 from Limoges to Saint-Flour, approaching from the Salers direction which includes a final three kilometres at an average of 12% and a maximum gradient of 15%, with Richard Virenque first over the summit. The same ascent was used as the finish of stage 13 in the 2020 Tour de France, which was won by Daniel Martínez.

### Appearances in the Tour de France

The Tour de France has crossed or finished at the summit 11 times since 1947. The 10th stage of the 2004 tour was selected for the 2004 L'Étape du Tour, in which amateur and club riders ride over a full stage of the tour.
| Year | Stage | Category | Start | Finish | Leader at the summit |
| 2024 | 11 | 1 | Evaux-les-Bains | Le Lioran | Tadej Pogačar (SLO) |
| 2020 | 13 | 1 | Châtel-Guyon | Puy Mary Pas de Peyrol | Daniel Martínez (COL) |
| 2016 | 5 | 2 | Limoges | Le Lioran | Thomas De Gendt (BEL) |
| 2011 | 9 | 2 | Issoire | Saint-Flour | Thomas Voeckler (FRA) |
| 2008 | 7 | 2 | Brioude | Aurillac | David de la Fuente (ESP) |
| 2004 | 10 | 1 | Limoges | Saint-Flour | Richard Virenque (FRA) |
| 1985 | 15 | 2 | Saint-Étienne | Aurillac | Eduardo Chozas (ESP) |
| 1983 | 14 | 2 | Aurillac | Issoire | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) |
| 1975 | 14 | 3 | Aurillac | Puy-de-Dôme | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) |
| 1968 | 17 | 3 | Aurillac | Saint-Étienne | Aurelio Gonzalez (ESP) |
| 1963 | 14 | 3 | Aurillac | Saint-Étienne | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) |
| 1959 | 14 | 2 | Aurillac | Clermont-Ferrand | Louis Bergaud (FRA) |
# Parliament's Greatest Hits

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 10/10 |
Parliament's Greatest Hits is a compilation album by the American funk band Parliament, released in 1984 by Casablanca Records. It contains 10 Parliament singles recorded between 1974 and 1979. It omits songs from Trombipulation.
The album cover for Parliament's Greatest Hits is notable in that it features no artwork from any of the established P-Funk album illustrators. The compilation was produced by Tom Vickers, who formerly served as Minister Of Information for the band from 1976 to 1980. It was the last P-Funk album to be certified gold (500,000 copies sold). The album was the first to be released in the compact disc format.

## Critical reception

AllMusic wrote that "concentrating solely on Parliament's singles actually illustrates the depth of their vision and influence, since there are no half-baked ideas surrounding these ten stunning songs."

## Track listing

* "Up for the Down Stroke" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell, Haskins) 3:20
* "Chocolate City" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell) 5:36
* "P-Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up)" (Clinton, Worrell, Collins) 7:34
* "Mothership Connection (Star Child)" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell) 3:07
* "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)" (Clinton, Collins, Brailey) 5:43
* "Do That Stuff" (Clinton, Shider, Worrell) 3:38
* "Bop Gun (Endangered Species)" (Clinton, Collins, Shider) 8:28
* "Flash Light" (Clinton, Worrell, Collins) 4:28
* "Aqua Boogie (A Psychoalphadiscobetabioaquadoloop)" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell) 4:27
* "Theme from the Black Hole" (Collins, Clinton, Theracon) 4:37
# Ellen McArthur

Ellen Annette McArthur FRHistS (1862–1927) was a British economic historian.

## Biography

Ellen Annette McArthur was born on 19 June 1862 in Duffield, Derbyshire. She was educated at Girton College, Cambridge, where she later became the tutor in history. In 1893 she became the first female lecturer at the University of Cambridge Local Examinations & Lectures Syndicate. She was the first woman to receive the degree of Doctor of Letters from Trinity College Dublin, under ad eundem arrangements (see steamboat ladies).
Among the publications she contributed to were Outlines of English Industrial History, Dictionary of Political Economy, and the English Historical Review.
McArthur died of illness on 4 September 1927. She never married and had no children. A monetary endowment created by her will at the University of Cambridge, the Ellen McArthur Fund, has supported lectures, research studentships, and other awards relating to economic history.
In 2017, she featured in a conference, London's Women Historians, held at the Institute of Historical Research.
# Parowal

Parowal is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from sub district headquarter, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 277 houses and the population of 1407 of which 727 are males while 680 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 619 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.