OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonidas Kestekides

Leonidas Kestekides (1876–1948) (Greek: Λεωνίδας Κεστεκίδης) was an Ottoman empire-born Greek chocolate manufacturer, founder of the internationally famous Leonidas company in Belgium. The company's primary focus is pralines (chocolate shells with soft fillings), but they also sell marzipan, solid chocolates, and other confectionery.

## Life

Leonidas Kestekides was born to Cappadocian Greek parents in Nigde, Cappadocia (now in Turkey) in 1876. Accounts of his early years vary, but it appears that he left Constantinople (now Istanbul), lived in Greece for a while and then went to Italy, where he became a wine merchant. He struggled financially, so he decided to move to New York City, where he worked as a confectioner from 1893 to 1898, then moved to Paris until 1908.
In 1910, he travelled to Belgium to attend the 1910 World Fair in Brussels, where he was awarded the bronze medal for his chocolate confectionery. He returned to Belgium in 1913, attended the World Fair in Ghent, and moved permanently to Belgium, having met a young woman from Brussels during his visit. He opened tea-rooms in Brussels, Ghent and Blankenberge, and the business expanded from there.
# Echinodontiaceae

The Echinodontiaceae are a family of crust fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family, divided amongst two genera—Echinodontium and Laurilia—have a widespread distribution, although they are especially predominant in north temperate zones. They are parasitic or saprobic on wood, and may cause white rot of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

## Description

Species of this family have resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiocarps, smooth to spiny hymenophores, amyloid spores, dimitic hyphae, and cause white rot.

## Classification

The family was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961, and monographed by Henry L. Gross in 1964. He recognized six species in the genus Echinodontium (E. tinctorium, E. tsugicola, E. ballouii, E. japonicum, E. taxodii and E. sulcatum) with hymenia ranging from smooth to spiny. Walter Jülich added another genus Laurilia (incorporating E. taxodii and E. sulcatum) when he described the family in 1981. Molecular phylogenetic studies show that the Echinodontiaceae belong in the Russuloid clade. Although some studies have suggested that the genus Echinodontium is closely related to Amylostereum, a more recent study does not support this conclusion.

## Genera

Species in the genus Echinodontium have a hydnaceous (with spinelike protuberances) hymenial surface, dimitic hyphal system, smooth basidiospores, and in three of four species, a symbiotic association with horntails — Sirex and Urocerus species. The insects eat the fungus and help disperse the species by inoculating the wood of the host tree with either hyphal fragments or spores when they lay their eggs.
The genus Laurilia has species characterized by an even to tuberculate hymenial surface, dimitic hyphal system, and echinulate basidiospores.
In his monograph on the Echinodontiaceae, Gross (1964) suggested that Echinodontium and Laurilia were congeneric (sharing the same taxonomic genus), sharing features such as clamp connections, thick-walled encrusted cystidia and a brown context. Later molecular data have supported this early hypothesis.

## Notable species

The species Echinodontium tinctorium causes a destructive tree disease called "true heart rot", meaning the decay is confined to the heartwood of the tree. The specific epithet tinctorium makes reference to the usage of fruit bodies (commonly known as the "indian paint fungus") by Native Americans to prepare red pigments. One of the pigments in this species, named echinotinctone (2,6-dihydroxy-1,8-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-one), is the first simple fluorone pigment from fungi. Another species, E. ballouii, known only from two collections on Atlantic white cedar, has not been found since 1909, coinciding with a reduction in the range of this tree due to harvesting.
Echinodontium ryvardenii is a species found only on Juniper plants in Corsica. The illudane sesquiterpenoids echinolactones A and B have been isolated from the culture broth of E. japonicum. A number of triterpenoids have also been identified in E. tsugicola.
# Giuseppe Mazza (painter)

Giuseppe Mazza (Milan, September 13, 1817 – Milan, February 14, 1884) was an Italian painter active in a Romantic style.

## Biography

He was a resident of Milan. Among his paintings are: Maria de' Medici; the genre painting Arte antica (exhibited at 1881 at Milan); Chi va e chi viene dal mercato and Un miniatore in Cantina (exhibited in 1884 at Turin); and Il giuramento di Pontida (The Oath of Pontida, 1851).
He studied at the Brera Academy in the 1830s, and then under Francesco Hayez. In 1848, along with Luciano Manara and Augusto Anfossi, he joined the revolution against the Austrian occupation of the city. He also fought with the Italian armies in 1859. The Museum of Science of Milan has over a dozen of his works on display, including: Alla fonte (1881); Busto di donna (1880-1884 ); La soppressione del monastero (1867); La bottega di un antiquario (1876-1879 ); Anticamera d'un patrizio (1876); Mattino di Quaresima (1882); Rembrandt e i suoi modelli (1856 ); Donna con cane e gatto vicino al caminetto (1875-1880); Masaniello (1857); L'addio (1881); Donna con cani (1875-1880); Bambina con fiore (1850-1860); Self-portrait(1850); and Baciamano di un cavaliere (1878-1883).
# Billoux

Billoux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* André Billoux (1928–1980), French politician
* François Billoux (1903–1978), French politician
# Gnathmocerodes

Gnathmocerodes is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Gnathmocerodes alphestis (Meyrick, 1922)
* Gnathmocerodes euplectra (Lower, 1908)
* Gnathmocerodes labidophora Diakonoff, 1973
* Gnathmocerodes lecythocera (Meyrick, 1937)
* Gnathmocerodes ophiocosma (Turner, 1946)
* Gnathmocerodes petrifraga Diakonoff, 1968
* Gnathmocerodes tonsoria (Meyrick, 1909)
# Jetzt rufst du an

"Jetzt rufst du an" (transl. "Now you call") is a song by Swiss rapper Loredana, released as the second single from her debut studio album, King Lori (2019). The song was written by the aforementioned rapper, and composed and produced by German producers Macloud and Miksu.

## Background
### Composition and reception

"Jetzt rufst du an" was written by Loredana alongside Karolina Schrader, and German producers Macloud and Miksu, who also produced the song. It was additionally composed by the aforementioned producers together with German composer Daniel Finke. Lasting two minutes and thirty one seconds, it is performed in the key of E♭ major in common time with a moderate tempo of 102 beats per minute.
Lyrically, "Jetzt rufst du an" questions Loredana's love interest about why he didn't valued her before her success. Throughout the lyrics, she asks him why he wasn't willing to be there for her in time of greatest need and more precisely, she accuses him for coming back only for her money and fame.
WDR writer Cara Wolff described "Jetzt rufst du an" as a typical "auto-tune rap song" incorporating a "danceable trap beat". More positively, German website Laut.de praised the "catchy" beats and the use of a marimbaphone writing: "it fits well into the overall picture of the song".

## Music video

An accompanying music video was released onto the official YouTube channel of Loredana on 4 July 2019, where it has since accumulated more than 36 million views. The aforementioned video was directed by Flo Brunner and produced by Laurent Arber and Sefa Kaya from the Fati Media Group in Germany. It commences with shots of red-hanging telephone receivers and follows with Loredana walking towards a see-through telephone booth. Scenes interspersed through the main plot portray her and her former husband Mozzik performing to the song. The clip continues in a similar way and ends with shots of Loredana and two fellow females.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 3 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 2 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 4 |
# Sachi Amma

Sachi Amma (born September 23, 1989) is a Japanese professional rock climber and sport climber. He won the IFSC Climbing World Cup twice, in 2012 and 2013.

## Biography

In 2006 he started competing at the World Cup, in the Lead climbing discipline, and won the Cup twice, in 2012 and 2013. In 2009, 2010 and 2012 he also competed, occasionally, in the Bouldering discipline, with less encouraging results.
He mainly climbs indoor, but he also proved to be one of the strongest rock climbers in the world, by redpointing three routes graded 9a+ (5.15a): Papichulo (Oliana), Pachamama (Oliana), and La Rambla (Siurana).
He has since redpointed one additional 9a+ (5.15a): Realization (Céüse) and two routes graded 9b (5.15b): Soul Mate (Gozen Rock) and Fight or Flight (Oliana), the former becoming Japan's hardest sport climb.

## Rankings
### Climbing World Cup

| | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Lead | 35 | 18 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 30 |
| Bouldering | - | - | - | - | 50 | 79 | - | 21 | 26 | - | - |
| Combined | - | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - |

### Climbing World Championships

| | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2012 | 2014 |
| Lead | 21 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 3 |

## Number of medals in the Climbing World Cup
### Lead

| Season | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 2008 | | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2009 | | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2010 | | | 1 | 1 |
| 2011 | | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2012 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2013 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 2014 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Total | 7 | 12 | 10 | 29 |

## Rock climbing
### Redpointed routes

9b (5.15b):
   * Soul Mate – Gozen Rock (JAP) – March 2018 – First ascent. Described as Japan's hardest route and first 9b.
   * Fight or Flight – Oliana (ESP) – February 2015 – First ascent by Chris Sharma.
9a+ (5.15a):
   * Realization – Céüse (FRA) – August 6, 2014 – First ascent by Chris Sharma, 2001
   * La Rambla – Siurana (ESP) – November 29, 2012 – First ascent by Ramón Julián Puigblanqué, 2003
   * Pachamama – Oliana (ESP) – December 17, 2011 – First ascent by Chris Sharma, 2009
   * Papichulo – Oliana (ESP) – December 24, 2010 – First ascent by Chris Sharma, 2008
9a (5.14d):
   * Era Vella – Margalef (ESP) – December 2, 2012
   * Kinematix – Gorges du Loup (FRA) – August 2009 – First ascent by Andreas Bindhammer, 2001
# Georgian heraldry

Georgian heraldry was largely suppressed during the Soviet era, but after Georgia's independence, it has been revived. It draws inspiration from Asian and Western European heraldic traditions as well as its own.
Since 2008, Georgia has the State Council of Heraldry under the national parliament.
# African cheetah

African cheetah refers to any of the following cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) subspecies native to Africa:
* Southeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus)
* Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii)
* Northwest African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki)
# Ezzelino I da Romano

Ezzelino I da Romano, also known as Ezzelino il Balbo (died 1189) was an Italian nobleman of the Ezzelini family, who was lord of Onara, Romano, Bassano and Godego.

## Biography

The son of Alberico and the grandson of the family's founder, Ecelo, in 1148 he took part in the Second Crusade along Louis VIII of France and Conrad III of Germany, fighting in Damascus and Ashkalon. At his return to Italy, he received the fiefs of Oderzo and Mussolente.
In 1173 he was appointed as podestà of Treviso and, in the same period, he was also podestà of Vicenza. In 1175, together with Anselmo of Dovara, he commanded the Lombard League army who halted Frederick Barbarossa's march near Alessandria. In 1176 he led the Treviso troops in the battle of Legnano.
After the peace of Constance, he switched his allegiance from the Guelph to the Ghibelline party, and reconciled with the emperor. Ezzelino died in 1189 and was succeeded by his son Ezzelino II.

## Sources

* Rapisarda, Mario (1965). La signoria di Ezzelino da Romano. Udine.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* This article about the Crusades is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Giuseppe Beltramelli

Giuseppe Beltramelli (15 May 1734 – 1816) was an Italian scholar and art collector.

## Biography

Giuseppe Beltramelli was born to an aristocratic family in Bergamo. He studied humanities in the Jesuit college of Bologna, and design under Domenico Maria Fratta, a member of the Accademia Clementina. He returned to Bergamo, where his palace became host to a superb art, artifact, and book collection. In Bergamo he patronized artists, including the poet Countess Paolina Secco Suardo Grismondi, who wrote under the pen-name of Lesbia Cidonia. He collaborated with writers such as Morelli, Serassi, Tiraboschi, Lande, and Lanzi. He lived for two years in Paris, meeting major artists and scholars of the period including Dorat, Diderot, d'Alembert, de la Condamine, and Madame du Boccage. In London, he met PH Maty and Moschelin, and befriended Angelica Kauffman. He returned to Bergamo impoverished, and sold his collections, but was able to gain a professorship in eloquence and belle-lettere. He was a prolific writer on art.
# Bio Fuel Systems

BFS Blue Enterprises is a Spanish-owned firm whose multi-patented, microalgae-based technology uses CO$_2$ emissions to produce crude oil together with biotech & pharmaceutical products. It was formed in 2006 in eastern Spain after three years of research by scientists and engineers connected with the University of Alicante. Currently, an industrial pilot plant is known to have proven to produce standardized products, while utilizing and neutralizing CO$_2$ emissions. Their system of bioconversion is said to be more productive than any other plant-based system producing oil or ethanol.

## Founders

One of the founders is to be Bernard StroÏazzo Mougin.
# GodheadSilo

godheadSilo is an American noise rock duo formed in Fargo, North Dakota, that later moved to Olympia, Washington, before disbanding and moving to different parts of the country. The duo is composed of bassist Mike Kunka and drummer Dan Haugh, who had grown up together in Fargo, North Dakota.
They were known for their loud "wall of sound" live performances, which were full of raging drums, screaming and a gigantic heavy bass sound. Mike employed many effects pedals and a large wall of amps to create his thunderous sound. The group's sound is considered to be damaging, for both members of the band experience discomfort from the low bass tone of their music.

## History

godheadSilo originally started in 1991 as a three-piece, with Phil Leitch playing guitar. Leitch left the band after their first show at Fargo's Moose Lodge. From then on, the band recorded and performed as a two-piece. Their debut was their contribution to the Moo Bob Records compilation album Nodak: Distorted Hallucinations with the track "Pull" from 1992.
The group relocated to Olympia, Washington and were signed to local indie label Kill Rock Stars. They recorded and released their debut The Scientific Supercake L.P. in 1994 for Kill Rock Stars. The album is notable for its production; When played with the bass settings set to maximum, the album can cause damage to speakers and stereo systems. After going through with a five-week long tour with Sebadoh, the group were signed to Sub Pop, who subsequently released their next two full-lengths Skyward in Triumph in 1996 and Share the Fantasy in 1998. Although the band has been on hiatus since the release of Share the Fantasy in 1998, Mike and Dan joined forces with Murder City Devils vocalist Spencer Moody in a band called Smoke and Smoke, releasing the album Love Suffers Long in 2004.
"Godheadsilo never really broke up," says Haugh, who lives in New Orleans. "I had a horrible accident, lost my ability to play drums for several years, and it was just kind of like a fade-away kind of thing." "I had an accident where my hand was almost cut off completely," Haugh says. "The doctors were like, 'You'll never play drums again.' A few years of intense physical and occupational therapy got it working again. It's still pretty wonky, but it can hold a drumstick just fine."
In 2015, godheadSilo reunited to play a concert in commemoration of Ralph's Corner, a Moorhead, MN music venue that closed in 2005. On April 1, 2016, Three Men and a Baby, a collaborative album between the Melvins and Mike Kunka, was released by Sub Pop. The album, which the Melvins recorded their parts back in 1998, was shelved and uncompleted until recently when Kunka and the Melvins finished it.
The band did a short US Tour in January 2017. Only 10 shows were planned. When asked about the future of the band, both members gave mixed responses. Haugh showed interest in recording while Kunka did not.
# Jewson (disambiguation)

Jewson is a British chain of builders' merchants.
Jewson may also refer to:
* Charles Jewson, chief cashier of the Bank of England
* Charles Jewson (Lord Mayor), Lord Mayor of Norwich, son of Percy and father of Richard
* Dorothy Jewson (1884–1964), British member of Parliament
* Norman Jewson (1884–1975), architect-craftsman of the Arts and Crafts movement
* Percy Jewson (1881–1962), English businessman and National Liberal politician
* Richard Jewson (born 1944), British businessman
* Vicky Jewson (born 1985), English screenwriter and film director
# Park Su-jin (disambiguation)

Park Su-jin may refer to:
* Park Soo-jin (born 1985), South Korean actress, singer, and model
* Park Soo-jin (singer, born 1995), South Korean singer
* Park Su-jin (born 1999), South Korean swimmer
* Swan (singer) (real name Park Su-jin; born 2003), South Korean singer
# 2021 Women's World Draughts Championship match

The 2021 Women's World Draughts Championship match at the international draughts was held 23 April – 3 May 2021 in Warsaw (Poland) International Draughts Federation FMJD between world champion 2019 Tamara Tansykkuzhina from (Russia) and world champion 2018 Natalia Sadowska (Poland). Tamara Tansykkuzhina won seventh title. Prize money 20 000€ (12 000€ for winner and 8 000€ for loser).

## Rules

The match consists of 9 micro-matches, one per day.
The first game of the micro-matches — standard game 1 hour 20 min + 1 min per move. For victory 12 points, for loss 0 points.
If draw at 1st game — rapid game 20 min + 5 sec per move. For victory 8 points, for loss 4 points.
If draw at rapid game — blitz game 5 min + 3 sec per move. For victory 7 points, for loss 5 points.
If draw score of micro-matches, each player is awarded 6 points.
If after 9 days score is 54-54, the title is awarded to the player with the better score in standard games; if equal, the title is awarded to the player with the better score in rapid games; if equal, the deciding tie-break will be played on the day. The tie-break consists of an unlimited number of games until the first victory. The first two games will be played as a rapid game (20’+5”), from game number 3, blitz games (5’ +3”) will be played until the end.
If one of the players will get more than 54 points, the match will be finished.

## Results

| Place | Name | Country | Round 1 23.04 | Round 2 24.04 | Round 3 25.04 | Round 4 27.04 | Round 5 28.04 | Round 6 29.04 | Round 7 1.05 | Round 8 2.05 | Round 9 3.05 | Total score |
| 1 | Tamara Tansykkuzhina | FMJD | 4 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 54 |
| 2 | Natalia Sadowska | Poland | 8 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 54 |
At score 54-54 after Round 9 was held tie-break until the victory, which won Tamara Tansykkuzhina.

### Tie-break

| Name | Country | Rapid 1 | Rapid 2 | Blitz 1 | Blitz 2 | Blitz 3 | Blitz 4 | Score |
| Tamara Tansykkuzhina | FMJD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| Natalia Sadowska | Poland | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
# German submarine U-3507

German submarine U-3507 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 19 July 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1652. She was launched on 16 September 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Otto Niethmann on 19 October 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3507 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3507 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-3507 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Travemünde, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Aethes matheri

Aethes matheri is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas.
The length of the forewings is 4.4–6.6 millimetres (0.17–0.26 in). Adults have been recorded on wing from March to November in the southern part of the range, suggesting two generations per year. In the northern part of the range, adults have been recorded in May and June, probably in one generation per year.

## Etymology

The species is named in honor of Bryant Mather.
# Exorista larvarum

Exorista larvarum is a Palaearctic species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, British Isles, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, North Korea, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, Egypt, Tunisia, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, China, India, Taiwan.

## Hosts

Lepidoptera larvae, mainly Lymantriidae and Lasiocampidae. It attacks Lymantria dispar dispar.$^{:20}$ Studies have been conducted into its ability to successfully prey on Mythimna unipuncta and Cydalima perspectalis.

## Parasitic nature

It lays an egg on its host. The egg hatches and the larva penetrates the host.$^{:20}$ The host could escape this fate by molting before the egg hatches.$^{:20}$

## Artificial Diets

For rearing Exorista larvarum in controlled conditions, inexpensive diets are preferable. MEYS contains liquid skimmed milk, chicken egg yolk, yeast extract and saccharose and HEYS contains veal homogenate, chicken egg yolk, yeast extract and saccharose. Though many variations of the diet yield different results. Larvae have a tendency to wander, which can result in starvation, so reducing wander is important for maximizing yields.