OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cédric Lorenzini

Cédric Lorenzini is a French bridge player.

## Bridge accomplishments
### Wins

* North American Bridge Championships (1)
** Norman Kay Platinum Pairs (1) 2015

### Runners-up

* North American Bridge Championships (1)
** Norman Kay Platinum Pairs (1) 2014
# Côte d'Or (escarpment)

The Côte d'Or (French pronunciation: ) is a limestone escarpment in Burgundy, France, and the namesake of the department in which it is located. It stretches from Dijon in the north to the river Dheune to the south, overlooking the valley of the Saône to the east.
The east-facing slope of the Côte d'Or is home to Burgundy wines such as Gevrey-Chambertin, Clos de Vougeot, Meursault and Montrachet. The northern half, the Côte de Nuits, produces red wine almost exclusively. To the south, the Côte de Beaune produces a mix of white wine and red wine. The Route des Grands Crus (Route Nationale 74) runs along the foot of the ridge and is popular with tourists.

## History

The area was settled by the Celts, and there is considerable evidence of Roman occupation in the area. Later it came under the influence of the Dukes of Burgundy, with the Cistercians from Cîteaux Abbey playing a prominent role in the development of the vineyards.

## Geology

If the Paris hydrological and geological basin is viewed as a saucer with Paris at its centre, the Côte d'Or may be seen as a segment of its south-eastern rim; the counterpart of the chalk cliffs of the Pays de Caux, on the English Channel coast to the north-west. The River Seine rises near the Côte d'Or and enters the sea near the Pays de Caux, having passed through Paris.
The Côte d'Or scarp arises where a broad, relatively shallow graben has formed as a result of an interaction between the forces raising the alpine ridges and the Massif Central. The Jurassic limestone contributes the chemically basic component of the mixture of requirements for a good vineyard, while the scarp provides the drainage and aspect.
At the Côte d'Or, the middle and upper Jurassic rocks overlook the Oligocene, Pliocene and Quaternary rocks of the plain through which the Saône flows southward towards the Mediterranean Sea. The côte therefore forms part of the watershed between northern and southern Europe. On the far side of the plain rise the Jura Mountains, for which the Jurassic period was named.

## Comblanchien stone

Near Nuits-Saint-Georges, part of the middle Jurassic limestone has been metamorphosed into marble. The metamorphism seems to have arisen from the volcanic disturbances in the already existing (Variscan) Massif Central, set off by the Alpine orogeny. The Massif Central is represented locally by its northern extension, the Morvan, which lies between Nevers and the Côte d'Or.
There is a famous vein of fine-grained marble called Pierre de Comblanchien extending from the village of Comblanchien, just south of Nuits-Saint-Georges. The quarries lie in the Côte north and south of the village, overlooking Route Nationale 74. The stone comes in a variety of shades, from beige to the pink of bindweed (Convolvulus). It is not susceptible to frost damage and is capable of accepting a polish.
# Côte d'Opale

The Opal Coast (Côte d'Opale (French) French pronunciation:; Opoalkust (West Flemish)) is a coastal region in northern France on the English Channel, popular with tourists.

## Geography

The Côte d'Opale is a coastal region in northeastern France, in the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. It extends over 120 kilometres (75 mi) of French coast between the Belgian border and the border with Picardy. This coastline faces the English Channel and the North Sea, and is situated directly opposite the chalk cliffs of southeast England, which at the closest point are only 34 kilometres (21 mi) away.
The Côte d'Opale is composed of many varied landscapes including beaches, dunes, swamps, estuaries and cliffs. The coast is marked by the presence of two large promontories situated between Calais and Boulogne: the Cap Gris Nez (literally "grey nose cape" in English), reaching an elevation of 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level, and the Cap Blanc Nez (literally "white nose cape" in English), which reaches 132 metres (433 ft). These capes are the closest points to England on the entire French coast.

### Cities

* Boulogne-sur-Mer
* Calais
* Dunkerque

### Famous seaside resorts

From south to north:
* Berck
* Le Touquet-Paris-Plage
* Sainte-Cécile-Plage
* Hardelot-Plage
* Équihen-Plage
* Wimereux
* Audresselles
* Ambleteuse
* Wissant
* Blériot-Plage
* Bray-Dunes

### Other communes of the coast

From south to north:
* Merlimont
* Cucq
* Saint-Étienne-au-Mont
* Le Portel
* Audinghen
* Escalles
* Sangatte
* Marck
* Oye-Plage
* Grand-Fort-Philippe
* Gravelines
* Leffrinckoucke
* Zuydcoote

## Arts

Many artists have been inspired by the coast's landscapes, among them the composer Henri Dutilleux, the writers Victor Hugo and Charles Dickens, and the painters J. M. W. Turner, Carolus-Duran, Maurice Boitel and Eugène Boudin. It was the painter Édouard Lévêque [fr] who coined the name for this area in 1911 to describe the distinctive quality of its light.
# Cyril Kieft

Cyril Kieft (1911–2004) was a Welsh industrialist and racing driver. He founded Kieft Cars, which produced Formula 3 cars and sports cars in the 1950s.
# Novaki, Sveta Nedelja

Novaki is a settlement (naselje) in the Sveta Nedelja administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 2,091 people.
# Cézens

Cézens is a commune in the Cantal department in south-central France.
# Northiam SSSI

Northiam SSSI is a 0.3-hectare (0.74-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Northiam in East Sussex. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.
This partly flooded former quarry is the type locality for the Northiam Sandstone Member of the Wadhurst Clay Formation, part of the Wealden Group which dates to the Early Cretaceous. It is important for the study of the paleogeography and paleoenvironments of the Wadhurst Clay Formation.
The site is private land with no public access.
# Nos galan

Nos galan may refer to:
* "Nos Galan", a Welsh winter carol; see "Deck the Halls"
* Nos Galan road race, in memorial of Guto Nyth Brân
# Chandy–Misra–Haas algorithm resource model

The Chandy–Misra–Haas algorithm resource model checks for deadlock in a distributed system. It was developed by K. Mani Chandy, Jayadev Misra and Laura M Haas.

## Locally dependent

Consider the n processes P$_1$, P$_2$, P$_3$, P$_4$, P$_{5,}$, ... ,P$_n$ which are performed in a single system (controller). P$_1$ is locally dependent on P$_n$, if P$_1$ depends on P$_2$, P$_2$ on P$_{3,}$ so on and P$_{n−1}$ on P$_n$. That is, if $P_{1}\rightarrow P_{2}\rightarrow P_{3}\rightarrow \ldots \rightarrow P_{n}$, then $P_{1}$ is locally dependent on $P_{n}$. If P$_1$ is said to be locally dependent to itself if it is locally dependent on P$_n$ and P$_n$ depends on P$_1$: i.e. if $P_{1}\rightarrow P_{2}\rightarrow P_{3}\rightarrow \ldots \rightarrow P_{n}\rightarrow P_{1}$, then $P_{1}$ is locally dependent on itself.

## Description

The algorithm uses a message called probe(i,j,k) to transfer a message from controller of process P$_j$ to controller of process P$_k$. It specifies a message started by process P$_i$ to find whether a deadlock has occurred or not. Every process P$_j$ maintains a boolean array dependent which contains the information about the processes that depend on it. Initially the values of each array are all "false".

### Controller sending a probe

Before sending, the probe checks whether P$_j$ is locally dependent on itself. If so, a deadlock occurs. Otherwise it checks whether P$_j$, and P$_k$ are in different controllers, are locally dependent and P$_j$ is waiting for the resource that is locked by P$_k$. Once all the conditions are satisfied it sends the probe.

### Controller receiving a probe

On the receiving side, the controller checks whether P$_k$ is performing a task. If so, it neglects the probe. Otherwise, it checks the responses given P$_k$ to P$_j$ and dependent$_k$(i) is false. Once it is verified, it assigns true to dependent$_k$(i). Then it checks whether k is equal to i. If both are equal, a deadlock occurs, otherwise it sends the probe to next dependent process.

## Algorithm

In pseudocode, the algorithm works as follows:

### Controller receiving a probe
## Example

P$_1$ initiates deadlock detection. C$_1$ sends the probe saying P$_2$ depends on P$_3$. Once the message is received by C$_2$, it checks whether P$_3$ is idle. P$_3$ is idle because it is locally dependent on P$_4$ and updates dependent$_3$(2) to True.
As above, C$_2$ sends probe to C$_3$ and C$_3$ sends probe to C$_1$. At C$_1$, P$_1$ is idle so it update dependent$_1$(1) to True. Therefore, deadlock can be declared.

## Complexity

Suppose there are $n$ controllers and $m$ processes, at most $m(n-1)/2$ messages need to be exchanged to detect a deadlock, with a delay of $O(n)$ messages.
# Eugène Molineau

Eugène Molineau (1883–1949) was a French sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Dohrn

Dohrn may refer to:

## People

* Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German biologist and Darwinist
* Bernardine Dohrn (born 1942), American political radical
* Carl August Dohrn (1806–1892), German entomologist
* Georg Dohrn (1867–1942), German conductor and pianist
* Heinrich Wolfgang Ludwig Dohrn (1838–1913), German entomologist
* Rinaldo Dohrn or Reinhard Dohrn (1880–1962), German-Italian zoologist
* Walt Dohrn (born 1970), American voice actor, screenwriter, animator, television director, and comedian

## Ships

* FRV Anton Dohrn, German Fisheries Research Vessel launched 1954 active into 1980s.
* Anton Dohrn, University of Southern California, Venice Marine Biological Station vessel (35 feet (10.7 m)) active in scientific work on the California coast.
* Anton Dohrn (1911), American motor yacht used in scientific work
# Pleurodema borellii

Pleurodema borellii (common name: rufous four-eyed frog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia. The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, and it may be a junior synonym of Pleurodema cinerea. It is abundant in Argentina, occurring in the Chaco-Yungas transition and montane grasslands on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Reproduction takes place in small permanent and temporary pools where pairs build floating foam nests. It is also found in disturbed habitats, including urban areas. No major threats to this species have been identified.
# Kalikkavalasu

Kalikkavalasu is a village near Chennimalai in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India. The village is an industrial area with many dyeing units and handlooms. The local temples are Pillayar Kovil, Karuppana Swamy Kovil, and Maduraiveeran temple.

## Demographics

This village has a population of around 300. Most belong to kongu vellala gounder community. The people of this village are prosperous and influential in the Chennimalai area. The population is gradually migrating from village towards Arachalur Road and is growing. The area is gradually urbanizing.

## Economy

Almost no one in the village is below the poverty line. One-hundred percent of the children attend school.
Kalicoptex is primarily an industrial weaver's cooperative society which employs more than 2,500 people. The cooperative exports woven products worldwide.

## Transport

Bus route C10 connects the village with Chennimalai and Sivagiri via Arachalur and Vilakkethi. Kalikkavalasu also has bus service to Erode, Karur, Tirupur, Kangeyam, Vellakovil, Kodumudi, Mulanur, Tiruchengode, Muthur, and elsewhere.

## Lake

Kalikkavalasu has a lake that floods during every north-east monsoon. It attracts birds after December. The lake gets water from the stream carrying overflow from Namakkalpalayam lake. This lake is the main source of underground water for nearby villages.

## Agriculture

The main source of irrigation is wells. Crops like coconut, banana, sorghum, maize, and pulses grow very well due to the red soil and tropical climate. Cattle rearing is common and successful.

## Festivals

Nearby festivals include Chennimalai 'Thai Thaer' Festival, Vagaithozhuvu Amman Kovil Thiruvizha, Murungathozhuvu Marriamman Pongal and Karuppannaswamy Pongal festival.

## Nearby villages

* Komarapalayam (1 km)
* Murungathozhuvu (2 km)
* Soolaipudur (1 km)
* Arachalur (7 km)
* Chennimalai (4 km)
* Kangeyam (22 km)
* Ammapalayam (2.5 km)
* Erode (30 km)

## Government

Kalikkavalasu belongs to Murungathozhuvu Panchayat in Chennimalai Union. It is in Kangeyam State Assembly Constituency and Erode Lok Sabha Constituency.
# Edgaras Matakas

Edgaras Matakas (born 23 October 1998) is a Lithuanian Paralympic swimmer. He won bronze in the 50-metre freestyle S11 in 2020.
Matakas became Lithuania's first Paralympic swimmer to win a world title with the 2020 50m freestyle S11 bronze, he also won a bronze medal in the 100m freestyle S11 at the same championships. He is also a triple European champion at the 2020 World Para Swimming European Championships in Funchal.
# Copper Gone

Copper Gone is the fifth solo studio album by American rapper Sage Francis. It was released on Strange Famous Records on June 3, 2014. It is the first official studio album after Sage Francis announced his hiatus, which lasted for four years. It peaked at number 180 on the Billboard 200 chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 64/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | 9/10 |
| HipHopDX | 3.5/5 |
| PopMatters | |
| RapReviews.com | 8.5/10 |
| The Skinny | |
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 64, based on 7 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Bram E. Gieben of The Skinny gave the album 4 stars out of 5, saying, "On the evidence of Copper Gone, Francis is back on top form, spitting the kind of melancholic, philosophical couplets which made him the go-to emcee for literate lyrics laced with dense, allusive layers of meaning."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Sage Francis – vocals
* Cecil Otter – production (1, 5)
* Alxndrbrwn – production (2)
* James Hancock – production (3)
* Poindexter – production (3)
* Reanimator – production (4, 11)
* Le Parasite – production (6)
* Buck 65 – production (7)
* Prolyphic – production (8)
* Anders Parker – production (9)
* Alias – production (10), mixing
* Dub Sonata – production (12)
* John Ash – production (13)
* Kurtis SP – production (14)
* Dilly Dilly – vocals
* Athena Hiotis – piano
* Joshua Trinidad – horns
* Daddy Kev – mastering
* Jelena Bojanic – artwork
* Irena Mihalinec – graphic design
* Sarah "Inkymole" Coleman – illustration
* Prentice Danner – photography
* Davor Drokan – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 180 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 24 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 32 |
# Couder

Couder may refer to:
* André Couder (1897–1979), French astronomer and optician
* Auguste Couder (1789-1873), French painter
* Juan Manuel Couder (born 1934), Spanish tennis player
* Couder (crater), a lunar crater
# Courcemain

Courcemain (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Council on Islamic Education

The Council on Islamic Education is a research institute and resource organization in Fountain Valley, California. The "Muslim academic scholars of religion, history, political science" at the Council seek to "support and strengthen American public education" by drawing upon "civic, ethical, and educational principles in Islam."

## Criticism

According to Diane Ravitch, major textbook publishers allow the Council to review material before publication, a practice which "may account for... their omission of anything that would enable students to understand conflicts between Islamic fundamentalism and Western liberalism"
Gilbert Sewall, former education editor of Newsweek and author of “Islam and the Textbooks” has criticized textbook publishers because they have “allowed Islamic organizations — notably the Council on Islamic Education — to strong-arm them and in effect act as censors.”
Critics have called the Council "a content gatekeeper with virtually unchecked power over publishers" and allege that "as a result, history textbooks accommodate Islam on terms that Islamists demand."
A report of the American Textbook Council calls the Council "an agent of contemporary censorship," and accuses it of being "in fact a political advocacy organization" that seeks to present an "Islamist" version of history.

## Reception

Others praise the Council for publishing "new materials have recently appeared to enable educators to teach more effectively."
# Courthouse Square Historic District (Mason, Michigan)

The Courthouse Square Historic District is a commercial and residential historic district, roughly bounded by Park, East Columbia, Rodgers and South Streets, in Mason, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## History

Mason was founded in 1838 by the investment company of Charles Noble from Monroe, Michigan. He established a sawmill/gristmill complex at the site and platted the first section of the village. The 1838 platting included what is now the courthouse square and thirty surrounding blocks, encompassing much of the current historic district. Settlers soon arrived, and the square became the central focus of commercial development. A road to Lansing was started in 1839, and in 1840 Mason became the county seat, attracting more development. The first courthouse was built in 1858. Additional sections were platted in 1866, and Mason was incorporated as a city in 1875. A population boom occurred in the 1880s, with the population reaching 2200 people in 1887. The area around the courthouse square became solidly commercial.
Development slowed in the early 1900s, so that older housing stock constructed near downtown was preserved from further expansion; some of these residential structures still stand in the district. The current Ingham County Courthouse was constructed in 1903–05.

## Description

The Courthouse Square Historic District is an eleven-block area containing the commercial heart of Mason. It includes the Ingham County Courthouse and surrounding commercial, civic, and religious buildings, as well as two historic residential neighborhoods bracketing the downtown. In addition to the courthouse, important civic buildings include the library and the post office, as well as a school and three churches. There are a total of 181 structures in the district, of which 164 contribute to the historic quality of the district.
The residential neighborhoods are similar in nature, both having tree-lined streets, moderate set-backs, and a mixture of architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, and Craftsman. The houses have similar construction materials, such as metal roofs, simple wooden door and window surrounds, and clapboard-sheathed wood framing. Despite the differences in architectural styles, the scale of the houses make a consistent streetscape.
# County of Millewa

The County of Millewa is one of the 37 counties of Victoria which are part of the cadastral divisions of Australia, used for land titles. It is located to the south of the Murray River, at the north-western corner of Victoria, with the South Australian border to the west. This border was originally intended to be at the 141st meridian of longitude, but because of the South Australia-Victoria border dispute it is several miles to the west of it. The southern boundary of the county is at 35°S, and the eastern at 142°E. The name is also used for the region.

## Parishes

Parishes include:
* Mildura shared with Karkarooc
* Mullroo
* Toupnein
* Warina
* Woolwoola
* Yelta
# Cosocle

In mathematics, the term cosocle (socle meaning pedestal in French) has several related meanings.
In group theory, a cosocle of a group G, denoted by Cosoc(G), is the intersection of all maximal normal subgroups of G. If G is a quasisimple group, then Cosoc(G) = Z(G).
In the context of Lie algebras, a cosocle of a symmetric Lie algebra is the eigenspace of its structural automorphism that corresponds to the eigenvalue +1. (A symmetric Lie algebra decomposes into the direct sum of its socle and cosocle.)
In the context of module theory, the cosocle of a module over a ring R is defined to be the maximal semisimple quotient of the module.
# Cossack Village (Stetsivka)

Cossack Village and St. Nicholas's Church (Ukrainian: Туристично-етнографічний комплекс "Козацький хутір" та церква Св. Миколая XVIII ст.) is an open-air museum of Cossack culture in Ukraine. It was founded in 2005 and belongs to the National Historical and Cultural Reserve "Chyhyryn".
The museum was created for the National Historical and Cultural Preserve Chyhyryn. It is located in Stetsivka, 240 kilometres southeast of Kyiv, in Cherkasy Oblast. The area of the museum is 9 hectares.
# Cramond Tower

Cramond Tower is a fifteenth-century tower house in the village of Cramond to the north-west of Edinburgh, Scotland.

## History

The area around the Tower has had a human settlement since the time of Ancient Rome, and there are relics from that time in the area. The Tower was probably built in the late 15th or early 16th century, primarily as a defensive feature, although it could have been built earlier, and may have been mentioned in 1409. It was at one stage part of the bishop of Dunkeld's summer residence.
It became the property of James Inglis, an Edinburgh merchant, in 1622. He repurposed the tower to make it more comfortable for occupation, adding and enlarging windows and creating internal recesses to increase the available living space. His grandson moved to the nearby Cramond House in 1680, and the tower was abandoned for the next 300 years.
It was portrayed as a romantic ruin by James Skene in 1837, and was in a poor state of preservation by the middle of the twentieth century. In the 1960s, the City of Edinburgh Council put a concrete cap on the roof and cleared the vegetation.
In 1978, it was acquired by Eric Jamieson, an amateur antiquarian. Between 1979 and 1981, it was restored by architects Robert Hurd & Partners into a private residence.
It was damaged by a fire in 2011.

## Description

The castle is a nearly square four-storey tower house, around 25 feet (7.6 m) on each side and with walls up to 5 feet (1.5 m) thick. In the south-east corner is a round staircase that protrudes from the building. Currently, the tower has a store at ground level, a living room on the first floor, kitchen on the second, and bedrooms and bathrooms on the third and fourth floors. A pitched roof has been re-erected as part of the restoration. In the 1990s, a stone extension was added on the east side.
It is a category B listed building.

## Archaeology

Excavations between 1976 & 1981 and 1987 & 1988 found medieval and post-medieval material. They also identified building foundations to the west of the tower which are believed to be the outbuildings identified in the 19th century. Because of its proximity to Cramond Roman Fort some Roman amphorae and mortaria, as well as a defensive ditch for the fort, were also found.