OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Antiparallel (electronics)

In electronics, two anti-parallel or inverse-parallel devices are connected in parallel but with their polarities reversed.
One example is the TRIAC, which is comparable to two thyristors connected back-to-back (in other words, reverse parallel), but on a single piece of silicon.
Two LEDs can be paired this way, so that each protects the other from reverse voltage. A series string of such pairs can be connected to AC or DC power, with an appropriate resistor. Some two-color LEDs are constructed this way, with the 2 dies connected anti-parallel in one chip package. With AC, the LEDs in each pair take turns emitting light, on alternate half-cycles of supply power, greatly reducing the strobing effect to below the normal flicker fusion threshold of the human eye, and making the lights brighter. On DC, polarity can be switched back and forth so as to change the color of the lights, such as in Christmas lights that can be either white or colored.
Battery-powered lights, which are wired in parallel, can also create a simulated "chasing" effect by alternating the polarity for each LED attached to the string, and controlling the positive and negative parts of the cycle separately. This creates two "virtual circuits", with odd-numbered LEDs lighting on positive polarity and even-numbered ones on negative polarity, for example. By eliminating the need for extra wires, this reduces costs for the manufacturer, and makes the cords less bulky and obvious for the consumer to string on decorative items. On cheaper sets, this causes strobing and prevents any of the LEDs from getting to full brightness, since both polarities share the same wire pair and cannot be active at the same time, meaning each can only be on during its own half of the cycle. Better lights can adjust the duty cycle so that any unused "off" time on one polarity can be used by the other, reducing the strobing effect and making it easier to create color blends (such as orange, amber, and yellow from a red/green LED).

## ESD

Antiparallel diodes are often used for ESD protection in ICs. Different ground or supply domains at the same potential or voltage may be wired separately for isolation reasons. However, during an ESD event across the domains, one would want a path for the high current to traverse. Without the antiparallel diodes in place, the voltage induced by the ESD event may result in the current following an unknown path that often leads to damage of the device. With the diodes in place the current can travel in either direction.
# 2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's discus throw

These are the official results of the Women's Discus Throw event at the 2003 World Championships in Paris, France. There were a total number of 20 participating athletes, with the final held on Monday 25 August 2003.

## Medalists

| Gold | Iryna Yatchenko Belarus (BLR) |
| Silver | Anastasia Kelesidou Greece (GRE) |
| Bronze | Ekaterini Voggoli Greece (GRE) |

## Schedule

* All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)
Qualification Round :
| Group A | Group B |
| 23.08.2003 – 16:10h | 23.08.2003 – 17:55h |
| Final Round ||
| 25.08.2003 – 20:35h ||

## Abbreviations

* All results shown are in metres
| Q | automatic qualification |
| q | qualification by rank |
| DNS | did not start |
| NM | no mark |
| WR | world record |
| AR | area record |
| NR | national record |
| PB | personal best |
| SB | season best |

## Qualification

| RANK | FINAL | GROUP A |
| 1. | Song Aimin (CHN) | 62.20 m |
| 2. | Olena Antonova (UKR) | 62.14 m |
| 3. | Vera Pospíšilová (CZE) | 60.64 m |
| 4. | Mélina Robert-Michon (FRA) | 60.47 m |
| 5. | Franka Dietzsch (GER) | 59.77 m |
| 6. | Stiliani Tsikouna (GRE) | 59.39 m |
| 7. | Kristin Kuehl (USA) | 58.07 m |
| 8. | Marzena Wysocka (POL) | 57.80 m |
| 9. | Elisângela Adriano (BRA) | 57.69 m |
| 10. | Aretha Thurmond (USA) | 50.79 m |
| RANK | FINAL | GROUP B |
| 1. | Natalya Sadova (RUS) | 63.47 m |
| 2. | Ekaterini Voggoli (GRE) | 63.13 m |
| 3. | Beatrice Faumuina (NZL) | 63.12 m |
| 4. | Suzanne Powell (USA) | 61.83 m |
| 5. | Iryna Yatchenko (BLR) | 61.79 m |
| 6. | Anastasia Kelesidou (GRE) | 61.23 m |
| 7. | Neelam Jaswant Singh (IND) | 60.33 m |
| 8. | Teresa Machado (POR) | 59.87 m |
| 9. | Anna Söderberg (SWE) | 59.66 m |
| 10. | Shelley Newman (GBR) | 57.65 m |

## Final

| Rank | Athlete | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Result | Note |
| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Result | Note |
| | Iryna Yatchenko (BLR) | 67.32 | 62.57 | 66.12 | X | X | X | 67.32 m | SB |
| | Anastasia Kelesidou (GRE) | 65.76 | 63.93 | 67.13 | 65.18 | X | 67.14 | 67.14 m | SB |
| | Ekaterini Voggoli (GRE) | X | 63.39 | 66.04 | 66.73 | 64.75 | 65.64 | 66.73 m | PB |
| 4 | Olena Antonova (UKR) | 64.51 | 60.56 | X | 60.70 | 65.90 | 61.72 | 65.90 m | SB |
| 5 | Vera Pospíšilová (CZE) | 62.04 | 61.12 | 63.23 | 64.01 | 65.55 | 61.96 | 65.55 m | |
| 6 | Natalya Sadova (RUS) | 65.22 | X | X | 63.94 | 65.07 | X | 65.22 m | |
| 7 | Song Aimin (CHN) | 59.71 | 62.08 | 63.84 | 63.20 | X | 57.53 | 63.84 m | |
| 8 | Anna Söderberg (SWE) | 59.81 | 56.73 | 61.61 | 59.32 | X | X | 61.61 m | SB |
| 9 | Suzanne Powell (USA) | 58.38 | 59.86 | X | | | | 59.86 m | |
| 10 | Teresa Machado (POR) | X | 57.86 | 59.46 | | | | 59.46 m | |
| 11 | Mélina Robert-Michon (FRA) | 58.52 | 52.99 | 54.84 | | | | 58.52 m | |
| 12 | Neelam Jaswant Singh (IND) | X | 54.42 | 57.92 | | | | 57.92 m | |
| 13 | Beatrice Faumuina (NZL) | 54.68 | X | 56.86 | | | | 56.86 m | |
# Dreamer (novel)

Dreamer is a novel written by Daniel Quinn in 1988.

## Plot summary

Awake, Greg Donner falls in love with the beautiful red-headed Ginny Winters, a woman with a mysterious past. Asleep, Greg dreams of pursuing Ginny through a terrifyingly deserted Chicago. Awake, Richard Iles is confined to a sanatorium in Kentucky and trapped in a turbulent marriage to Ginny Winters. Asleep, Richard dreams he is Greg Donner. And when he next wakes up, he IS Greg Donner. But Ginny has gone. Overall, Quinn regards this work as a love story that depicts certain components of his relationship with his own wife.
# SS Sea Adder

SS Sea Adder may refer to one of two Type C3-S-A2 ships built for the United States Maritime Commission:
* SS Sea Adder (1944) (MC hull number 1551), built by Western Pipe and Steel; acquired by the United States Navy and converted to Bayfield-class attack transport USS Hansford (APA-106); sold for commercial service in 1947; scrapped in 1973
* SS Sea Adder (1945) (MC hull number 883), built by Ingalls Shipbuilding; delivered in May 1945; sold 1947; scrapped in 1975
# Cullinan Finance

Cullinan Finance was a Structured investment vehicle (SIV) run by HSBC with total asset portfolio around US$27 billion.
It was established in 2005. As of 2007 it was managed by a team led by Dominic Swan, who previously led the SIV-rating department at Moody's.
It was notable for growing faster than any other SIV so far and was as of 2007 one of the six largest SIVs.
On 26 November 2007, HSBC announced that it would rescue two SIV's, Cullinan Finance and Asscher, by moving them onto its balance sheet and providing up to $35 billion.
As of 2008, Cullinan Finance Limited is in liquidation.
# New Jerusalem, California

New Jerusalem, California may refer to:
* New Jerusalem, former name of El Rio, California
* New Jerusalem, former name of Petrolia, California
# Angam

Angam may refer to:
* Angam (2011 film), a Sri Lankan documentary film
* Angam (1983 film), an Indian Malayalam film
# Comet Wolf

Comet Wolf may be:
* 14P/Wolf (a.k.a. 14P/1884 S1, 1884 III, 1884c, 14P/1891 J1, 1891 II, 1891b, 1898 IV, 1898f, 1912 I, 1911a, 1918 V, 1918b, 1925 X, 1925e, 1934 I, 1933e, 1942 VI, 1950 VI, 1950c, 1959 II, 1958c, 1967 XII, 1967j, 1976 II, 1975f, 1984 IX, 1983m, 1992 XXII, 1992m)
* C/1916 G1 (a.k.a. 1917 III, 1916b)
* A partial reference to 43P/Wolf-Harrington (a.k.a. 43P/1924 Y1, 1924 IV, 1924d, 43P/1951 T2, 1952 II, 1951k, 1958 V, 1957g, 1965 III, 1964g, 1971 VI, 1970o, 1978 VI, 1977j, 1984 XVII, 1984g, 1991 V, 1990e)
# Anthony Yezer

Anthony Marvin Yezer is a professor of economics at George Washington University in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences. He has provided expert testimony for the United States Congress and Federal Trade Commission on sub-prime mortgage lending and trade regulation issues. He is Director of the Center for Economic Research and a Fellow of the Homer Hoyt School of Advanced Studies in Real Estate and Urban Economics. He is also an affiliate of the Institute for International Economic Policy.

## Education

Yezer received a B.S. from Dartmouth College, M.S. from London School of Economics and Political Science, and his PhD in Economics & Urban Studies from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was Rhodes Scholarship finalist and received a National Collegiate Athletic Association Scholar-Athlete Fellowship.

## Work

Yezer's research has merited inclusion in more than a dozen journals, and he serves as principal editor for the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association monograph series. He served on the National Research Council's Panel on Disaster Needs in the Social Sciences which led to the publication of The Economic Consequences of a Catastrophic Earthquake.
In 2013, Yezer published the textbook, "Economics of Crime and Enforcement". "This text is designed for use in a course on the economics of crime in a variety of settings. Assuming only a previous course in basic microeconomics, this innovative book is strongly linked to the new theoretical and empirical journal literature. Showing the power of microeconomics in action, Yezer covers a wide array of topics. There are chapters on the following topics: benefit-cost and the imprisonment decision, enforcement games, juvenile crime, private enforcement, economics of 3 strikes law, broken windows strategies, police profiling, and crime in developing countries. There are also separate chapters on guns, drugs, and capital punishment."
# Hopewell Hall

17°56′N 76°20′W﻿ / ﻿17.933°N 76.333°W﻿ / 17.933; -76.333 Hopewell Hall is a settlement in Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica.
# SS Scoresby

SS Scoresby was a British cargo steamship that was built in 1923, sailed in a number of transatlantic convoys in 1940, and was sunk by a U-boat that October.

## Building

Robert Thompson & Sons Ltd of Bridge Dockyard, Sunderland built Scoresby. She was launched on 18 December 1922 and completed in January 1923.
Scoresby had eight corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of 128 square feet (12 m$^2$) that heated two 180 lb$_f$/in$^2$ single-ended boilers with a combined heating surface of 5,276 square feet (490 m$^2$). The boilers fed a three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine that was rated at 436 NHP and drove a single screw. The engine was built by the North Eastern Marine Engineering Co, Ltd, also of Sunderland.
Scoresby owner was Rowland and Marwood's Steam Ship Co, Ltd, who registered her in Whitby. She was managed by another Rowland and Marwood's company, Headlam & Sons.

## Second World War career

By January 1940 Beatus was sailing in convoys. That month she sailed from Liverpool with Convoy OB 77 as far as the coast of Canada, whence she continued to San Domingo. In March she returned to the UK with a convoy of sugar, sailing via Halifax, Nova Scotia where she joined Convoy HX 28 that reached Liverpool on 2 April.
In May 1940 Scoresby crossed the North Atlantic from Britain to Saint John, New Brunswick. She sailed with Convoy OA 150G from Southend, which merged with Convoy OA 150G off Land's End to form Convoy OG 30 to Gibraltar. In June she returned to the UK with a cargo of pit props, sailing via Halifax, Nova Scotia where she joined Convoy HX 53 that reached Liverpool on 10 July.
Scoresby spent the rest of July and August in home waters, sailing in short-haul convoys around Britain. Then on 31 August she sailed from Methil in Scotland with Convoy OA 207 to Canada.

## Convoy SC 7 and sinking

Scoresby sailed from Corner Brook, Newfoundland with a cargo of 1,685 fathoms (3,082 m) of pit props bound for the Clyde in Scotland. She sailed via St. Francis Harbour, Nova Scotia and Sydney, Nova Scotia, where she joined Convoy SC 7. Her Master was Lawrence Zebedee Weatherill, and she carried the Convoy Vice-Commodore. SC 7 left Sydney on 5 October. At first the convoy had only one escort ship, the Hastings-class sloop HMS Scarborough. A wolf pack of U-boats found the convoy on 16 October and quickly overwhelmed it, sinking many ships over the next few days.
At 0553 hrs on 17 October SC 7 was about 160 nautical miles (300 km) northwest of Rockall when German submarine U-48, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Bleichrodt, fired three torpedoes at the convoy. Two ships were hit and sunk: Scoresby and the French tanker Languedoc. Captain Weatherill and his entire crew successfully abandoned ship, were rescued by the Flower-class corvette HMS Bluebell, and on 20 October were landed at Gourock in Scotland.
# Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests

The Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests is a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion located in northern Anatolia, Turkey.

## Geography

The ecoregion covers an area of 101,410 square kilometres (39,150 sq mi). It covers portions of the Pontic Mountains, which extend east and west across Northern Anatolia parallel to the southern coast of the Black Sea. The ecoregion lies between humid Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests, which cover the northern slope of the mountains and the Black Sea coast, and the drier forests, woodlands, and steppes of the Anatolian interior. The peaks are seldom higher than 2000 meters in the western and central mountains, and over 3000 meters in the Kaçkar Mountains in the northeast.

## Climate

The climate is transitional between the humid and moderate Black Sea coast, and the drier and more continental Anatolian interior. Average annual rainfall varies from 500 to 1,000 mm. In the western and central portions of the ecoregion, winter is the rainiest season, and in the east spring is the rainiest season.

## Flora

The ecoregion's forests are mostly conifers, with deciduous broadleaf trees.
In the western portion of the northern ranges, Turkish fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, syn. Abies bornmuelleriana) is predominant, mixed with oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), or both. Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) is predominant in the northeast, along with Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana).
The southern ranges have a drier and more continental climate, and pines are the dominant trees. Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana) is more common in the west, and Scots pine in the east. Deciduous broadleaf trees are part of the southern forest, including species of oak (Quercus), maple (Acer), and Sorbus.
Open scrublands and small forest patches of juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus and Juniperus communis) and birch (Betula spp.) occur at high altitudes.

## Fauna

Large mammal predators include the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and gray wolf (Canis lupus). Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) roam the west, and Anatolian chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica) and wild goat (Capra aegagrus) are found in the east.

## Protected areas

Protected areas include Kaçkar National Park, Altındere Valley National Park, Mount Ilgaz National Park, Yedigöller National Park, Soğuksu National Park, Yozgat Pine Grove National Park, Örümcek Gümüşhane Nature Reserve, Akdogan and Ruzgarlar Nature Reserve, Kale Bolu Hazelnut Nature Reserve, Kökez Bolu Nature Reserve, and Sülüklügöl Bolu Nature Reserve.
# Angalo

Angalo is a legendary creation giant from Ilocano mythology with pre-Hispanic origins in the Ilocos region of the Philippines. Angalo was the first man, and son of the god of building. Angalo's head touched the sky and he could easily walk from the Ilocos Region to Manila in one step. Through Angalo's actions, he shaped the hills and mountains of Luzon, formed the oceans, and put up the sky, sun, moon and stars. Pre-Hispanic Ilocano people attributed the sound of thunder as Angalo's voice, earthquakes as his movements, and rainbows his hanging G-string. Angalo was not alone, he had a giant wife named Aran and together they had three daughters whom the Ilocano, Aeta, and Igorot people are descendants.

## Landscape Mythology of Angalo

Throughout the Ilocos Region, Abra, and Benguet, many geological formations are attributed to Angalo and his family. Small valleys and gulches in the Cordillera Central mountain range are often noted as the giant footprints of Angalo such as found in Sudipen, La Union and San Quintin, Abra. In addition, large caves in the Ilocos Region and Abra are often described as being former shelters for Angalo's wife and his daughters.
In Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur, the large depressions and pools around Pinsal Falls are said to be created when Angalo knelt and drank from the falls.
In Santa, Ilocos Sur, the Banaoang Gap, a water gap where the Abra River breaks the Ilocos mountain range, is said to be created by Angalo. Long ago, the Abra region east of the Ilocos mountain range was once a lake. One night, Angalo slept on the shore of the lake, and as he slept, he kicked the Ilocos range hard and in doing so, unleashed the lake and created the Banaoang Gap.

## Anecdotes of Angalo
### Salt in the Sea

One day, Angalo asked his family to take bags with blocks of salt he harvested from distant lands to Manila. As they walked through the seas, which at the time were not salty, his daughters stumbled and their giant blocks of salt fell into the sea. The blocks of salt melted as they hit the water and created the saltiness of the sea.

### Shallow Sea

On a very hot day, Angalo's daughters decided to swim in what is now the South China Sea. The sea was deep at this time, and his daughters did not know how to swim well. When one of his daughters began to drown, Angalo dipped the flap of his baag or loincloth into the sea and it absorbed so much water that his daughter was able to touch the sea floor again.

### Hill of Suso Beach

One day, Angalo and his wife Aran were at the what is today called Suso Beach in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur. While on the beach, Angalo piled up stones, land, shrubs, and sand to form a hill. When asked about his creation, he told his wife that he made the hill to resemble and honor her breasts. To this day, the hill on the southern side of Suso beach is said to be that hill.
# Richmond (1811 ship)

Richmond was launched in 1811 as a West Indiaman. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). She wrecked in 1822 in the Sea of Java.

## Career

Richmond entered the Register of Shipping in 1812 with T. Hearn, master, Sedgewick, owner, and trade Portsmouth—West Indies.
Around 26 July 1816 Richmond, Hearn, master, arrived in England. She had left Old Harbour, Jamaica, on 28 May. On 24 June she had boarded the hull of Little Jane, of Baltimore.
On 19 April 1819 Richmond, "Horn", master, was in Colombo Roads when the SW monsoon arrived. She had chain cables and lost 70 fathoms of cable when her windlass broke.
Captain James Kay sailed Richmond from the Downs 25 June 1820, bound for St Helena and Bengal on a voyage as an "extra ship" for the EIC. She reached St Helena on 29 August and arrived at Calcutta on 11 December. Homeward bound, she was at Diamond Harbour on 31 January, Madras on 15 February, and Colombo on 8 March. She left Colombo on 9 April, reached the Cape of Good Hope on 14 June and St Helena on 9 July, and then arrived at her moorings on 28 September.
The Register of Shipping for 1822 carried Richmond with Kays, master, Johnstone, owner, and trade London—New South Wales.

## Fate

In July 1822 Richmond was in the Java Sea in company with Almorah, the vessels having sailed from Port Jackson, when Richmond wrecked on Hog Island on 31 July. Almorah picked up Richmond's crew and took them to Batavia, where they arrived on 5 August.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Register of Shipping (1812) "R" supplemental pages.
* 1 2 3 4 Hackman (2001), p. 242.
* 1 2 British Library: Richmond (2).
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5095.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5423.
* ↑ Register of Shipping (1820), Seq.№200.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5757.
# Bone dish

A bone dish is a piece of tableware designed to nestle against a round plate. They are crescent shaped and were commonly used in the 19th century to hold fish or chicken bones discarded from the diner's main plate. Their shape also makes them convenient to use as a side plate to serve a cold salad with hot food.

## History

Bone dishes were widely used in the 19th century but they gradually fell out of use, becoming unfashionable by the 1920s. At the peak of their popularity, diners at fine Victorian restaurants would sometimes receive a bone dish as a souvenir of their visit. The shape of bone dishes varied widely, from simple crescent shapes to more complex fluted or novelty designs.
# Dendromurinae

Dendromurinae is a subfamily of rodents in the family Nesomyidae and superfamily Muroidea. The dendromurines are currently restricted to Africa, as is the case for all extant members of the family Nesomyidae. The authorship of the subfamily has been attributed to both Alston, 1876, and (incorrectly) to G. M. Allen, 1939.
Two genera, Dendromus and Steatomys, are relatively common throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa. The remaining genera are relatively rare and have restricted geographic distributions.
The link rat, Deomys ferugineus, has been traditionally placed in this subfamily, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that it is more related to the spiny mice, genus Acomys. The link rat is now placed in the family Muridae and subfamily Deomyinae. Only two of the currently recognized dendromurine genera, Dendromus and Steatomys, have been studied in molecular analyses. Considering how distinct these genera are from one another, the placement of all other dendromurine genera should be considered tentative pending closer examination. Another rare genus of "dendromurines", Leimacomys, has recently been placed in a new subfamily (Leimacomyinae) in the family Muridae (Musser and Carleton, 2005).
Fossils attributed to the Dendromurinae are known from Asia as early as 15 million years ago. It has been thought that dendromurines invaded Africa from there and became extinct in Asia due to competition with other muroids. The same may be holding true at present in Africa as the dendromurines have declined there since the invasion of murines and other muroids.
The subfamily Dendromurinae contains 6 genera and 25 species.

## Classification

Subfamily Dendromurinae - Climbing mice
* Genus Dendromus - Climbing mice
** Remarkable climbing mouse, Dendromus insignis
** Mount Kahuzi climbing mouse, Dendromus kahuziensis
** Monard's African climbing mouse, Dendromus leucostomus
** Lovat's climbing mouse, Dendromus lovati
** Gray climbing mouse, Dendromus melanotis
** Brants's climbing mouse, Dendromus mesomelas
** Banana climbing mouse, Dendromus messorius
** Chestnut climbing mouse, Dendromus mystacalis
** Kivu climbing mouse, Dendromus nyasae (kivu)
** Nyika climbing mouse, Dendromus nyikae
** Cameroon climbing mouse, Dendromus oreas
** Dendromus ruppi
** Vernay's climbing mouse, Dendromus vernayi
* Genus Megadendromus
** Nikolaus's mouse, Megadendromus nikolausi
* Genus Dendroprionomys
** Velvet climbing mouse, Dendroprionomys rousseloti
* Genus Prionomys
** Dollman's climbing mouse, Prionomys batesi
* Genus Malacothrix
** Gerbil mouse, Malacothrix typica
* Genus Steatomys - Fat mice
** Bocage's African fat mouse, Steatomys bocagei
** Northwestern fat mouse, Steatomys caurinus
** Dainty fat mouse, Steatomys cuppedius
** Jackson's fat mouse, Steatomys jacksoni
** Kreb's fat mouse, Steatomys krebsii
** Pousargues's African fat mouse, Steatomys opimus
** Tiny fat mouse, Steatomys parvus
** Fat mouse, Steatomys pratensis