OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plan of Veracruz (1822)

In the history of Mexico, the Plan of Veracruz was a call to revolt against Emperor of Mexico Augustín de Iturbide, proclaimed by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna at the port of Mexico on December 2, 1822. It was ratified on December 6.

## Background

Agustín de Iturbide, after declaring the independence of Mexico, entered Mexico City on September 27, 1821. A few days later, Santa Anna entered Veracruz. On October 25, 1822, Iturbide named Santa Anna Commander of the Province of Veracruz, during which time he was in favor of the Empire. But he changed his mind when Iturbide dissolved the Constituent Congress and tried to remove him from his post.

## Proclamation

On December 2, 1822, Santa Anna ruled against the empire of Iturbide and the republic for supporting Guadalupe Victoria. Santa Anna promised to follow the principles of the Plan of Iguala, addressed to the population with the following arguments:
* He said that when the country had emancipated seeking independence had sought equality, justice and reason.
* Mexico had a representative government elected by a Congress that had been dissolved by Iturbide.
* The aim of his proclamation was to restore a representative assembly of the nation.
* the principles of the Plan of Iguala would be respected and defendant against whom atentase nation against its principles would be considered. An armistice is signed with the royalist forces remaining in the castle of San Juan de Ulua.
* freedom of maritime rotation with the peninsula would be restored.
The original plan was expanded and was made up of twenty-six clauses. It was ratified on December 6. In the new document it noted that a congress would meet to decide a form of government to continue the principles of religion, independence, and unity. With this plan, Santa Anna lost battles at the beginning of the uprising, but with the proclamation of the Plan of Casa Mata and support of other rebel leaders defeat the forces of Iturbide was encouraged.
# Carlos VIII

Carlos VIII may refer to:
* Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (1930–2010)
* Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (1909–1953)
# First Deakin ministry

* This article is part of a series about Alfred Deakin
Early life
Victorian (state) politics
Member for Ballarat (1901–1913)
1901 election
Attorney-General
Prime Minister of Australia
First term of government, 1903–1904
Conciliation and Arbitration Bill
Second term of government, 1905–1908
Senate elections referendum
Third term of government, 1909–1910
Separate Australian Coinage
State debts referendum
Surplus revenue referendum
Ministries
First Ministry
Second Ministry
Second Ministry
Elections
1903
1906
1910 :
vte :
The First Deakin ministry (Protectionist) was the 2nd ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 2nd Prime Minister, Alfred Deakin. The First Deakin ministry succeeded the Barton ministry, which dissolved on 24 September 1903 following Sir Edmund Barton's retirement from Parliament to enter the inaugural High Court. The ministry was replaced by the Watson ministry on 27 April 1904 after the Labour Party withdrew their support over the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill.
James Drake, who died in 1941, was the last surviving member of the First Deakin ministry; Drake was also the last surviving minister of the Barton government and the Reid government.

## Ministry

| Party | Minister | Portfolio |
| Protectionist | Hon Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) MP for Ballaarat (1901–1913) | Prime Minister Leader of the Protectionist Party Minister for External Affairs |
| Protectionist | Hon Sir William Lyne KCMG (1844–1913) MP for Hume (1901–1913) | Deputy Leader of the Protectionist Party Minister for Trade and Customs |
| Protectionist | Rt Hon Sir George Turner KCMG (1851–1916) MP for Balaclava (1901–1906) | Treasurer |
| Protectionist | Rt Hon Sir John Forrest GCMG (1847–1918) MP for Swan (1901–1918) | Minister for Home Affairs |
| Protectionist | Hon James Drake (1850–1941) Senator for Queensland (1901–1906) | Attorney-General |
| Protectionist | Hon Sir Philip Fysh KCMG (1835–1919) MP for Denison (1903–1910) | Postmaster-General |
| Protectionist | Hon Austin Chapman (1864–1926) MP for Eden-Monaro (1901–1926) | Minister for Defence |
| Protectionist | Hon Thomas Playford II (1837–1915) Senator for South Australia (1901–1906) | Vice-President of the Executive Council Leader of the Government in the Senate |
# Knott Park

Knott Park is a 12.74-acre (5.16 ha) public park in the Parkrose Heights neighborhood of northeastern Portland, Oregon, United States. The park was acquired in 1986.
# Aretha's Best

Aretha's Best is a greatest hits compilation by Aretha Franklin released in 2001. This "best of" album contains 20 tracks which were recorded by Franklin from 1967-1987.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, "Rhino's Aretha's Best is notable for attempting to squeeze highlights of every era of Aretha's career onto one disc."

## Chart performance

Aretha's Best peaked at number 49 on the Billboard 200.

## Track listing

All track information and credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Canadian R&B Albums (Nielsen Soundscan) | 22 |
| US Billboard 200 | 49 |
| US Top Album Sales (Billboard) | 31 |
| US Top Catalog Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Top R&B Albums (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 25 |
# Guibemantis punctatus

Guibemantis punctatus is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# African Owl pigeon

The African Owl is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. They originated in Tunisia (Africa), and were imported into England during the 19th century. The breed is known for its short beak, which gives the breed the "Owl" name due to the size and shape.

## Description

A breed of fancy pigeon developed by selective breeding, it has descended from the rock dove as with other types of domesticated pigeons; it is thought to have first been brought into Europe from Tunis, Africa, where the type originated and were first imported into England in the late 19th century. They were originally referred to as "Foreign Owls", as a similar type of pigeon had already been known in England, which upon the importation of the African Owl became known as the "English Owl". The main difference between the two types of owl was that the African or "Foreign" variety was noticeably smaller.
As with other types of "owl" pigeons, the African Owl has a crest of feathers running down the front of its breast, which is called the jabot, also known as a tie or cravat. The body of an African Owl is short and plump, and the head is smooth and unadorned with rough feathers. The beak of this breed is short and stout, and it is this beak which gives the Owl type their name, being turned down in shape.
Lewis Wright wrote in The Practical Pigeon Keeper of the delicate nature of these types of pigeons; "Foreign Owls require to have their lofts well ventilated, yet perfectly free from damp and draught, else they die by dozens: in fact, they are at the best exceedingly delicate birds."
# Pirniče

Pirniče may also refer to:
* Zgornje Pirniče (literally, 'Upper Pirniče'), a village on the bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Medvode in Slovenia
* Spodnje Pirniče (literally, 'Lower Pirniče'), a village on the bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Medvode in Slovenia
# Pop's Props Cloudster

The Pop's Props Cloudster is a single seat, open-cockpit, parasol wing, single-engine monoplane, that was first flown in 1995. The aircraft was produced by Pop's Props of Cooksville, Illinois and made available as plans or in kit form. The company is no longer in business and kit production has been transferred to Simplex Aeroplanes of Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
The aircraft was designed for the FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, including the category's 254 lb (115 kg) empty weight limit. The standard empty weight of the Cloudster is 250 lb (113 kg).

## Design and development

The aircraft was designed for safe low and slow flying from unimproved surfaces.
The Cloudster is constructed of wood and covered in aircraft fabric. The landing gear is conventional with sprung main gear and a tailwheel. The wing is strut-braced with two parallel main struts and jury struts per side. Available engines include the liquid-cooled engine Kawasaki 340-LC of 35 hp (26 kW), the Half VW of 45 hp (34 kW) as well as several Rotax and Cuyuna engines. The designer recommended power range is 28 to 40 hp (21 to 30 kW).
Due to the laborious wood and fabric construction, builder completion time is estimated at 400 man-hours from the kit. The kit can be ordered as one kit or as several sub-kits.
The Cloudster was later developed into the Zing.

## Variants
### Pop's Props Cloudster

    Original version with 30 ft (9.1 m) wingspan and 22 mph (35 km/h) stall speed.

### Simplex Cloudster

    Improved version with 28 ft (8.5 m) wingspan and 25 mph (40 km/h) stall speed introduced in February 2011. The wing was shortened to reduced adverse yaw effects.

## Specifications (Pop's Props Cloudster)

Data from Cliche, Purdy and Kitplanes
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m)
* Wingspan: 30 ft 0 in (9.14 m)
* Height: 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
* Wing area: 138 sq ft (12.8 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 250 lb (113 kg)
* Gross weight: 500 lb (227 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 2.5 US gallons (9.5 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Kawasaki 340-LC , 35 hp (26 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 60 mph (97 km/h, 52 kn)
* Cruise speed: 50 mph (80 km/h, 43 kn)
* Stall speed: 22 mph (35 km/h, 19 kn)
* Range: 86 mi (139 km, 75 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 6,000 ft (1,800 m)
* Rate of climb: 650 ft/min (3.3 m/s)
* Wing loading: 3.6 lb/sq ft (18 kg/m$^2$)
Avionics
* none
# Barker's Ground

Barker's Ground was a cricket ground in Leicester, Leicestershire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1825, when Leicester played Sheffield. The first first-class match came in 1836, when the North played the South; the South won by 218 runs, largely due to Alfred Mynn's two not out innings. The North used the ground for 4 further first-class matches up to 1846, including the ground's final first-class match between the North and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Midland Counties played a single first-class match at Barker's Ground against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1843. The final recorded match on the ground saw Leicestershire play an All-England Eleven in 1860.
The owner of the ground was "Old Barker", the landlord of the Anchor Inn, Halford Street, who did very well from the gate money. The ground was sited on the east side of Wharf Street, near the Humberstone Road.
Following the final recorded match held at Barker's Ground, it was sold for building. Today, the ground would be located along Wharf Street, which is in the centre of Leicester.
# HSwMS Illern

Two warships of Sweden have been named Illern, after Illern:
* HSwMS Illern (1918), a Bävern-class submarine launched in 1918 and sunk in 1943.
* HSwMS Illern (1957), a Hajen III-class submarine launched in 1957 and stricken in 1980.
# African Palliative Care Association

African Palliative Care Association (APCA) is a pan-African non-governmental organization (NGO) working to promote and support the integration of palliative care into health systems across Africa. APCA has appeared on the BBC World Service, The Guardian and across regional and national African press advocating for better palliative care provision.

## History

APCA was founded in Cape Town in 2002 after 28 palliative care trainers from across Africa met together and discussed the need for regional cooperation. The group produced the Cape Town Declaration, which holds palliative care, pain and symptom control as a human right for every adult and child with life-limiting illnesses. APCA however was not formally founded until two years later in 2004.
Since then APCA has continued to state palliative care as a human right, working with Human Rights Watch and the Open Society Foundation, calling on governments to live up to their responsibilities.

## Published material

* A Palliative Care Handbook for Africa, available on the World Health Association's website
* Beating Pain. A Pocket Guide to Pain Management in Africa, in cooperation with AID-STAR ONE
* Palliative Care for Women living with HIV and Cervical Cancer, in cooperation with the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa
APCA also provides the editorial oversight to the Africa edition of ehospice news, an online global palliative care news platform.

## Notable staff

Dr. Emmanuel Luyirika is the current executive director of APCA. He took up this position in August 2012. Before moving to APCA, Dr. Luyirika worked as clinical director, centre director and ultimately country director for Mildmay International in Uganda.
Dr. Faith Mwangi-Powell was the founding director of APCA and held that position until 2012. Since then went to become the senior program officer for global advocacy with the International Palliative Care Initiative of the Open Society Foundations and currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer for Girls Not Brides; The Global Partnership to end Child Marriage. Dr. Faith holds a Ph.D. in women's health and development and has published over 20 peer reviewed papers.
# Pizzo delle Pecore

Pizzo delle Pecore (2,381 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located east of Cevio in the canton of Ticino. It lies just south of the slightly higher Cima di Broglio, on the range between the Valle Maggia and the Valle Verzasca.
# First Edition (Australian news TV program)

First Edition, sometimes written as 1st Edition, is an Australian breakfast television news program broadcast by the ABC from 1993 to 1996.
It was first launched in February 1993 and featured Doug Weller and Kate Dunstan as hosts. It was withdrawn in May "for refinement" with it being reported that it was suspended until further notice. It returned in September with host Tony Eastley and was changed from an hour long show to 30 minutes. Eastley left the show in May 1995. Kathy Bowlen became the host and was there until the show was axed in August 1996.
# Baronci Altarpiece

The Baronci Altarpiece was a painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael. His first recorded commission, it was made for Andrea Baronci's chapel in the church of Sant'Agostino in Città di Castello, near Urbino. The altarpiece was seriously damaged during an earthquake in 1789, and since 1849 fragments of the original painting have been part of different collections.

## History

On December 10, 1500, Raphael and Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, an older painter from the workshop of Raphael's father Giovanni Santi, received the commission to paint jointly a large altarpiece dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, for the Baronci chapel in the Sant'Agostino Church in Città di Castello. In the documents Raphael, not his collaborator, is referred to as magister ("master"). The work on the paintings was completed on September 13, 1501.
In the center of the painting Nicholas of Tolentino stood in an archway, with the devil at his feet. Next to him were three angels. Above him God the Father was placed with a crown in his hand, and surrounded by the heads of angels. On his left the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Augustine were painted.
During a heavy earthquake in 1789 the painting was damaged so severely that it was decided to saw it into pieces and display only the undamaged parts. In the same year, the fragments were acquired by Pope Pius VI for the collections of the Vatican, where they remained until 1849. It is unclear what happened to them after that. Only many years later scholars were able to trace back six different pieces, four fragments of the main painting and two predellas, which had become part of different collections.
An impression of the complete work is given by an 18th-century copy in the Pinacoteca Comunale, Città di Castello. However, this lacks some surviving elements, in particular the God the Father now in Naples. Preliminary sketches by Raphael can be found in the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Lille and the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, which also differ from the composition in the copy. On the basis of these drawings it is assumed that the design of the altar was entirely Raphael's work, whereas in the execution he was joined by Evangelista da Pian di Meleto. While Raphael probably painted the altarpiece itself, the predellas are attributed to Pian di Meleto.

## Surviving fragments

* Angel (31 x 27 cm., Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo, Brescia)
* Angel Holding a Phylactery (57 x 36 cm., Louvre, Paris)
* God the Father (112 x 75 cm.) and the Virgin Mary (51 x 41 cm.) (Museo di Capodimonte, Naples)
* Study (Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille)
* Study (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford)
* Saint Nicholas of Tolentino Reviving Two Partridges (29.2 x 54.0 cm., Detroit Institute of Arts)
* Saint Nicholas of Tolentino Rescuing a Boy from Drowning. (26.7 x 51.8 cm., Detroit Institute of Arts)
# Knowledge assessment methodology

The knowledge assessment methodology (KAM) is "an interactive benchmarking tool created by the World Bank's Knowledge for Development Program to help countries identify the challenges and opportunities they face in making the transition to the knowledge-based economy."
KAM does so by providing information on knowledge economy indicators for 146 countries. Its products include the Knowledge Economy Index and the Knowledge Index.
# HSwMS Hälsingland

Two warships of Sweden have been named Hälsingland, after Hälsingland:
* HSwMS Hälsingland (J23), a Östergötland-class destroyer launched in 1959 and stricken in 1982.
* HSwMS Hälsingland (Hgd), a Västergötland-class submarine launched in 1987 and since in active service.
# List of state soil science associations

This is a comprehensive list of state-level professional soil science associations in the United States. There is a US Consortium of Soil Science Associations that strives to increase work, communication and corporation between these associations and other soil scientist associations.lun

## Associations
### A

* Alabama - Professional Soil Classifiers Association of Alabama
* Alaska/Yukon Society of Professional Soil Scientists
* Arizona
* Arkansas Association of Professional Soil Classifiers

### C

* California - Professional Soil Scientists Association of California
* Colorado
* Connecticut - Society of Soil Scientists of Southern New England

### D

* Delaware

### F

* Florida Association of Environmental Soil Scientists

### G

* Georgia - Soil Science Society of Georgia

### H

* Hawaii

### I

* Idaho Soil Scientists Association
* Illinois Soil Classifiers Association
* Indiana Association of Professional Soil Classifiers
* Iowa Association of Professional Soil Classifiers

### K

* Kansas Association of Professional Soil Classifiers
* Kentucky Association of Soil Classifiers

### L

* Louisiana

### M

* Maine Maine Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Maryland Maryland Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Massachusetts - Society of Soil Scientists of Southern New England
* Michigan - Soil Classifiers Association of Michigan
* Minnesota Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Mississippi - Professional Soil Classifiers Association of Mississippi
* Missouri Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Montana - none found

### N

* Nebraska Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Nevada
* New Hampshire Association of Natural Resource Scientists
* New Jersey
* New Mexico Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* New York - Empire State (New York) Pedologists
* North Carolina - Soil Science Society of North Carolina
* North Dakota - Professional Soil Classifiers Association of North Dakota

### O

* Ohio - Association of Ohio Pedologists
* Oklahoma Professional Soil Science Association of Oklahoma
* Oregon Soil Science Society

### P

* Pennsylvania Association of Professional Soil Scientists

### R

* Rhode Island - Society of Soil Scientists of Southern New England

### S

* South Carolina Professional Soil Classifiers
* South Dakota Professional Soil Scientists Association of South Dakota

### T

* Tennessee- Soil Scientists' Association of Tennessee
* Texas Professional Soil Scientists of Texas Association

### U

* Utah Society of Soil Scientists

### V

* Vermont
* Virginia Virginia Association of Professional Soil Scientists

### W

* Washington Society of Professional Soil Scientists
* West Virginia Association of Professional Soil Scientists
* Wisconsin Society of Professional Soil Scientists
* Wyoming
# Armenia at the Paralympics

Armenia made its Paralympic Games début at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, with just two entries: Gagik Gasparian in powerlifting (men's up to 82 kg), and a four-person team in the mixed crewboat event in sailing. Two years later, Armenia made its Winter Paralympics début, with eight competitors in alpine skiing. The country has participated in every subsequent event of both the Summer and Winter Paralympics, although its delegations have generally been small.
No Armenian has ever won a Paralympic medal, though Mher Avanesyan was one of few athletes to have competed at both Summer and Winter Games. He competed in alpine skiing in 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010, and in sailing in 2000.
The Armenian Paralympic Committee is a member of the European Paralympic Committee.
# Gurukkal

Gurukkal may refer to:
* Gurukkal, an Ambalavasi caste found in Kerala
* Gurukkal (kalaripayattu), a Malayalam term for guru or teacher
# Pizzo di Cadrèigh

Pizzo di Cadrèigh (2,516 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located west of Olivone in the canton of Ticino. It lies south of the Scopi, between the Val di Campo and the Valle Santa Maria.
# Carl Morris

Carl Morris may refer to:
* Carl Morris (painter) (1911–1993), American painter
* Carl E. Morris (1887–1951), American boxer
* Carl Morris (statistician), professor of statistics at Harvard University
* Carl Morris, a fictional character in the British TV series, Moving Wallpaper
# Popwell

Popwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Popwell (1926–1999), American actor
* Little Man Popwell (1912–1966), American poker player
* Robert Popwell (1950–2017), American jazz-funk bass guitarist and percussionist
# Barona (surname)

Barona is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Barona (born 1989), Spanish cellist
* Fernando Callejas Barona (born 1948), Ecuadorian politician
* Jhonnier Montaño Barona (born 2004), Colombian footballer
* José Barona, Catholic priest and a Spanish missionary in California
* Mimi Barona (born 1991), Ecuadorian surfer