OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fair Harvard

"Fair Harvard" is the alma mater of Harvard University. Written by the Reverend Samuel Gilman of the class of 1811 for the university's 200th anniversary in 1836, it bids the school an affectionate farewell. Of its four verses, the first and fourth are traditionally sung and the second and third omitted.
The song is set to a traditional Irish air, best known in early 19th century America as "Believe Me, if All Those Endearing Young Charms", a popular song whose lyrics were written by the Irish poet Thomas Moore. The tune is occasionally wrongly credited to Sir William Davenant, whose library may have been a source of the music for later publishers. (The tune is also a newer setting of "My Lodging Is In The Cold, Cold Ground".) Horatio Alger Jr., an 1852 graduate of Harvard's Divinity School, composed his "Harvard Odes" I-IV, and Paul Laurence Dunbar originally wrote the lyrics of the "Tuskegee Song", to the tune.
The song is referenced in The Simpsons episode “The Front”.

## Original version

    Fair Harvard! Thy sons to thy Jubilee throng,
    And with blessings surrender thee o'er
    By these festival rites, from the age that is past,
    To the age that is waiting before.
    O relic and type of our ancestors' worth
    That hast long kept their memory warm,
    First flow'r of their wilderness! Star of their night!
    Calm rising thro' change and thro' storm.
    To thy bow'rs we were led in the bloom of our youth,
    From the home of our infantile years,
    When our fathers had warn'd, and our mothers had pray'd,
    And our sisters had blest thro' their tears.
    Thou then wert our parent, the nurse of our soul;
    We were molded to manhood by thee,
    Till freighted with treasure thoughts, friendships and hopes,
    Thou didst launch us on Destiny's sea.
    When as pilgrims we come to revisit thy halls,
    To what kindlings the season gives birth!
    Thy shades are more soothing, thy sunlight more dear,
    Than descend on less privileged earth.
    For the good and the great, in their beautiful prime,
    Thro' thy precincts have musingly trod,
    As they girded their spirits or deepen'd the streams
    That make glad the fair city of God.
    Farewell! be thy destinies onward and bright!
    To thy children the lesson still give,
    With freedom to think, and with patience to bear,
    And for right ever bravely to live.
    Let not moss-covered error moor thee at its side,
    As the world on truth's current glides by
    Be the herald of light, and the bearer of love,
    Till the stock of the Puritans die.

## 1998 revision

The term "sons" was eliminated to make the song gender neutral. The first line was revised to read "...we join in thy jubilee throng" between 1997 and 1998. As a side effect of the change, the word throng, a verb in the original lyrics, became a noun.

## 2017 revision

In 2017 Harvard announced it was running a contest to replace the last line of the song "Till the stock of the Puritans die". In early October 2017 semifinalist potential replacement lines were announced. The final replacement line was chosen as "Till the stars in the firmament die."
# Piemont-Liguria Ocean

The Piemont-Liguria basin or the Piemont-Liguria Ocean (sometimes only one of the two names is used, for example: Piemonte Ocean) was a former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean. Together with some other oceanic basins that existed between the continents Europe and Africa, the Piemont-Liguria Ocean is called the Western or Alpine Tethys Ocean.

## Plate tectonic history

The Piemont-Liguria Ocean was formed in the Jurassic period, when the paleocontinents Laurasia (to the north, with Europe) and Gondwana (to the south, with Africa) started to move away from each other. The oceanic crust that formed in between the two continents became the Piemont-Liguria Ocean. In the Cretaceous period the Piemont-Liguria Ocean lay between Europe (and a smaller plate called the Iberian plate) in the northwest and the Apulian plate (a sub-plate of the African tectonic plate) in the southeast.
When the Apulian plate started moving to the northwest in the late Cretaceous, Piemont-Ligurian crust began to subduct beneath it. In the Paleocene the Piemont-Ligurian Ocean had completely disappeared under the Apulian plate and continental collision started between Apulia and Europe, which would lead to the formation of the Alps and the Apennines in the Tertiary.

## Remains

Fragments of Piemont-Ligurian oceanic crust were preserved as ophiolites in the Penninic nappes of the Alps and the Tuscan nappes of the Apennines. These nappes were subducted, sometimes to great depths in the mantle, before being obducted again. Due to the high pressures at these depths, much of the material had been metamorphosed in the blueschist or eclogite facies.
# Piemonte Open

The Piemonte Open was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour, played near Turin, in Piedmont, Italy. It was held in 2008 and 2009.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Venue |
| 2009 | Edoardo Molinari | 270 | −18 | 4 strokes | Gary Boyd | Royal Park |
| 2008 | Seve Benson | 269 | −19 | 3 strokes | Raphaël De Sousa | Circolo Golf Torino Royal Park |
# Edwin Tenney Brewster

Edwin Tenney Brewster (October 11, 1866 – March 14, 1960) was an American physicist and popular science writer.

## Early life

He was born on October 11, 1866, in Lawrence, Massachusetts, United States.
He died on March 14, 1960, in Brownfield, Oxford County, Maine.

## Personal life

His parents were John Leander Brewster and Adaline "Ada" Augusta Tenney.
He was married to Lillian Edna Dodge and had three children.

## Education

He completed his bachelor's degree from Harvard College in 1890. He completed his master's degree from Harvard College in 1891.

## Career

He worked as a science teacher at these schools:
* Brewster Academy
* Phillips Academy
He authored a large number of books, most notably the Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know.
# FMA IA 36 Cóndor

The IA 36 Cóndor (English: Condor) was a projected Argentine jet propelled mid-range airliner, designed in the early 1950s by Kurt Tank for the “Fábrica Militar de Aviones”. It was cancelled in 1958, with no prototypes built, but a full size wood mockup.

## Design and development

Work on the IA 36 Cóndor project started in late 1951 by a team led by the German engineer Kurt Tank; as part of the project a 1:34 scale wind tunnel model was built, as well as a 1:1 scale wooden fuselage mock-up. The project was cancelled in 1958 by the government led by Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, which followed that of Juan Domingo Perón, deposed in 1955 by the now quite infamous Revolución Libertadora uprising.
The projected aircraft would have been powered by five Rolls-Royce "Nene II" turbojets arranged in an annular configuration around the rear fuselage, as in Messerschmitt P.1110 and Heinkel He 211; however it was planned to replace those with lighter and more powerful engines in later versions.
The engine configuration had many drawbacks. To start with, the engine compartment inlet: as air flows over the fuselage a boundary layer builds up due to friction with the fuselage surface. This boundary layer has less energy than the air in the airstream further away from the aircraft. Notice the location of aft engines on the Boeing 727, Douglas DC-9, BAC111 and Sud Aviation Caravelle. These aircraft all have the engines mounted outside the boundary layer as far as possible. The Condor's engines would have received much less ram air pressure at the inlet, because the inlet design brought in air close to the fuselage and far back, where the boundary layer would he near its maximum. The engine location would have been a significant safety risk. If one engine caught fire there would be a greater likelihood of the other engines catching fire, and throwing a compressor or turbine blade would be more likely to affect the other engines. Note the efforts of other designs to mount engines away from each other and the aircraft itself.
The design would have accommodated 32 to 40 passengers; the maximum speed was expected to be 950 km/h (590 mph); in comparison, the contemporary de Havilland Comet 3 maximum speed was 780 km/h (480 mph). Like the Pulqui II fighter prototype, also designed by Tank, the IA 36 had swept wings which would have increased the aerodynamic efficiency. The wingspan was 34 m (112 ft); and the estimated range was 5,000 km (3,100 mi; 2,700 nmi).

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 3-4
* Capacity: 32-40 passengers
* Wingspan: 34 m (111 ft 7 in)
* Powerplant: 5 × Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Performance
* Maximum speed: 950 km/h (590 mph, 510 kn)
* Range: 5,000 km (3,100 mi, 2,700 nmi)
# Physical force (disambiguation)

In physics, force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. Physical force may also refer to:
* Physical force Chartism, the section of the Chartist movement in mid-19th century Britain that supported the use of violence
* Physical force Irish republicanism, the section of the Irish republican movement since the 18th century that supports the use of violence
# Piazza del Popolo, Cesena

The Piazza del Popolo (People’s Square) is located at the heart of Cesena, Italy, and offers some of the most interesting town sights.
In the middle of the square there stands the Mannerist Fontana del Masini (1588—91), designed by the local painter-architect Francesco Masini, in collaboration, for the hydraulics, with Tommaso Laureti. On the southern side of the square there stands the Palazzo Comunale (Town Hall). Next to the Palazzo Comunale there are Loggetta Veneziana and Rocchetta di Piazza, built in the 15th century.
The Chiesa dei Santi Anna e Gioacchino (Church of St. Anna and St. Gioacchino) takes up the northern side of the square. During the fascist period the name of the square was "Piazza Vittorio Emanuele", honoring the king; the name "Piazza del Popolo" was restored after the second world war.
# Phyllodromus trisetatus

Phyllodromus trisetatus is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Pieris (plant)

Pieris (/ˈpaɪ.ərɪs/ or /ˈpɪərɪs/) is a genus of seven species of shrubs in the flowering plant family Ericaceae, native to mountain regions of eastern and southern Asia, eastern North America and Cuba. Known commonly in North America as andromedas or fetterbushes, they are broad-leaved evergreen shrubs growing to 1–6 metres (3 ft 3 in – 19 ft 8 in) tall and 3–10 ft (0.9–3.0 m) wide. The leaves are spirally arranged, often appearing to be in whorls at the end of each shoot with bare stretches of shoot below; they are lanceolate-ovate, 2–10 cm (0.8–3.9 in) long and 1.0–3.5 cm (0.4–1.4 in) broad, leathery textured, and with an entire or serrated margin. The young leaves in spring are typically brightly coloured. The flowers, which may have a very appealing honey scent, are bell-shaped, 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long, white or pink, and arranged in racemes 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) long. The fruit is a woody capsule which splits into five sections to release the numerous small seeds.
Pieris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the engrailed.
The genus name derives from Pieria, a place in Greece, according to Greek mythology the home of the Muses.

## Species

* Pieris cubensis (Grisebach) Small. Western Cuba.
* Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Simms) Benth. & Hook. – mountain andromeda, mountain pieris, mountain fetterbush. Eastern United States.
* Pieris formosa (Wallich) D.Don – Chinese pieris, Himalayan pieris. The Himalaya, southwestern China (Yunnan), northern Myanmar.
* Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D.Don ex G.Don – Japanese andromeda. Eastern China, Japan, Taiwan.
* Pieris nana (Maxim.) Makino (syn. Arcterica nana). Japan, eastern Siberia.
* Pieris phillyreifolia (Hook.) DC. – climbing fetterbush. Southeastern United States.
* Pieris swinhoei Hemsley – southeastern China (Fujian, Guangdong).

## Cultivation

They are commonly grown as ornamental plants, valued for year-round interest due to bright red new growth in early spring, chains of small, white flowers in mid-spring, and buds that remain on the plant through the winter. Numerous cultivars have been selected for different spring foliage colour. They grow best in a shady spot, sheltered from drying, winter winds. They prefer acidic soil, and should be mulched once per year, using a two-inch covering of either peat or composted pine needles. The flowers give the plant one of its alternative names, 'Lily of the valley shrub' (though Pieris is not closely related to Convallaria).

## Cultivars

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
* 'Blush'
* 'Cavatine'
* 'Debutante'
* 'Firecrest'
* 'Flaming silver'
* 'Forest flame'
* 'Mountain fire'
* 'Pink delight'
* 'Prelude'
* 'Purity'
* 'Sarabande'
* 'Valley Valentine'
* 'Wakehurst'

## Toxicity

Pieris floribunda (mountain fetterbush) has been noted as highly toxic.
# FMP Qualt 201

The FMP Qualt 201 is a Czech ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by FMP s.r.o. of Prague. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Qualt 201 was derived from the earlier FMP Qualt 200, which it replaced in production. The 201 was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and US light-sport aircraft rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed open cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear, a T-tail and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft is made from composites. Its 9.2 m (30.2 ft) span wing has an area of 10.5 m$^2$ (113 sq ft) and mounts split-style flaps. Standard engines available are the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 two-stroke, the 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL, the 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS and the 85 hp (63 kW) Jabiru 2200 four-stroke powerplants.

## Specifications (Qualt 201)

Data from Bayerl
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
* Height: 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 10.5 m$^2$ (113 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 280 kg (617 lb)
* Gross weight: 472.5 kg (1,042 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 48 litres (11 imp gal; 13 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Jabiru 2200 four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 63 kW (85 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 230 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Cruise speed: 170 km/h (110 mph, 92 kn)
* Stall speed: 60 km/h (37 mph, 32 kn)
* Rate of climb: 6 m/s (1,200 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 45.0 kg/m$^2$ (9.2 lb/sq ft)
# Phyteuma orbiculare

Phyteuma orbiculare, common name round-headed rampion or Pride of Sussex, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Phyteuma belonging to the family Campanulaceae.

## Description

Phyteuma orbiculare reaches on average 20–50 centimetres (7.9–19.7 in) of height. A deep blue, almost purple wildflower that is not as it seems: each head, rather than being a single bloom, is actually a collection of smaller ones, huddled together.
The stem is erect, simple, glabrous and striated, the leaves vary in shape on a single plant, with larger, broader, ovate to lanceolate, serrated, petiolated leaves at the base of the stem and smaller, narrower, lanceolate to linear cauline leaves. The head-shaped inflorescence is a dense erect panicle of about 1.5–3 centimetres (0.59–1.18 in) of diameter, with usually 15 to 30 flowers. The petals are blue or violet-blue and form small tubes with an opening at the top. The outer bracts are lanceolate and usually two to four times longer than wide. The flowering period extends from May to August. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.

## Distribution

This plant is widespread in most of Europe from the Pyrenees to the Balkans. The plant can be found at low altitudes in Western Europe and in mountains of Central Europe. In the United Kingdom, the plant is more common on the South Downs than anywhere else.

## Habitat

This species grows mainly in grasslands, meadows, pasturelands, and pine forests. It prefers full sun exposure on calcareous soils, at an altitude of 600–2,400 metres (2,000–7,900 ft) above sea level. In the UK, its habitat is chalk grassland.

## Subspecies

* Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. flexuosum R. Schulz
* Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. montanum R. Schultz
* Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. orbiculare

## Culture

The round-headed rampion is known colloquially in the county of Sussex, England as the Pride of Sussex. It is also the County flower of Sussex. As Sussex's county flower, its name was chosen for the Rampion Wind Farm, a wind farm off the coast of Sussex.
# SS Hayle (1867)

SS Hayle was a steam vessel built by Harvey and Company, Hayle for Tom Mawr Company of Neath in 1867.

## History

The Hayle was launched by Miss Husband on 10 July 1867. She was fitted with water ballast filled by a valve in the bottom and emptied by engine pumps which took around 30 minutes. Her hold was divided into three water-tight compartments for cargo.
In December 1868 she was obtained by Messrs Adam & Co., Marischal Street, Aberdeen to carry coal to Aberdeen. This was to overcome difficulties during the winter in the delivery of coal to Aberdeen by sailing vessels which were frequently delayed and which increased the costs of delivery. The company purchased the Hayle and she left London on 24 November 1868 for Sunderland to take up her first consignment which was delivered to Aberdeen successfully. Two more trips were completed which delivered 1,500 tons of coal in the space of 21 days.
In mid 1869 she returned to London and was fitted out for laying telegraphic cables. From August 1869 she was engaged by the Orkney and Shetland Islands Telegraph Company to lay submarine cables between Caithness, Orkney and Shetland. Much of 1870 was taken up with this work between the islands.
On 25 December 1869 during a storm she got stuck on Scroby Sand, but was refloated with the assistance of boatmen.
On 5 October 1882 the ship sustained damage whilst entering the dock gates in Aberdeen Harbour. The owners launched action against the Harbour Commissioners in pursuit of £527 7s 8d (equivalent to £67,000 in 2023) of damages. On 6 December 1885 she was in collision with a vessel assumed to be the Leader of Lossiemouth in the vicinity of Bell Rock. She put into Arbroath Harbour but the damage to the vessel was significant and necessitated its return to Aberdeen for repairs.
On 15 March 1890 whilst sailing from Sunderland to Aberdeen with a cargo of coals, stranded on Bondiear Rocks near Amble. In August 1890, Adam and Co put the steamer up for sale.
A steamer bearing the name Hayle is recorded as departing Liverpool on 13 January 1891 for Aviles, Spain. She was sold to Italian owners Carlo Chiappe of Genoa and named Luigia C.
Later she was sold again to Gustaldi Company and renamed as Ville de Cannes. She collided with the British steamer Island on 19 January 1899 at the entrance to Cannes harbour.
In 1907 she was purchased by Italian owners and briefly named Providenza. By 1913 she was owned by Felix Ribera based in Palamós, Spain and named the Nuevo Ampurdanés. She sank on 14 March 1918 whilst on a voyage from Cette to Barcelona after a collision with another steamer off Mataro.
# Charles Chubb, 2nd Baron Hayter

Charles Archibald Chubb, 2nd Baron Hayter (11 November 1871 – 3 March 1967), was a British businessman.
Chubb was the son of George Chubb, 1st Baron Hayter (1848–1946), and the great-grandson of Charles Chubb (1772–1845), who had founded Chubb and Sons Lock and Safe Co.

## Business career

He was a director of the family firm and its managing director from 1898 until 1948, his cousin Harry Emory Chubb became the chairman soon after. He was president of the Planet Building Society (later Magnet & Planet B.S.) and was a senior member of the Court of Common Council, City of London.

## Personal life

Chubb was educated at The Leys School, Cambridge. He married Mary Haworth, daughter of John Fletcher Haworth JP, on 8 June 1898. They had three children, Shirley Chubb (1909–2002), George Charles Hayter Chubb (25 April 1911 – 2 September 2003), and Hon. David William Early Chubb (31 May 1914 – 4 March 1993). She died 4 June 1948. He succeeded to the titles in the baronetcy and the barony on the death of his father on 7 November 1946. He then married (Margaret) Alison, daughter of John Gimson Pickard, on 23 March 1949. He died on 3 March 1967, aged 95, and was succeeded in his titles by his son George Charles Hayter Chubb.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Charles Chubb, 2nd Baron Hayter :
* CrestIn front of a demi-lion Azure holding between the paws a bezant charged with a rose Gules a key fesswise the ward upwards and to the dexter Or.
* EscutcheonQuarterly 1st & 4th Azure a cross Erminois between in the first and fourth quarters a bezant and in the second and third a rose Or (Chubb); 2nd & 3rd Azure a chevron between two bulls' heads couped in chief and in base an escallop all Or (Hayter).
* SupportersOn either side a lion Azure holding in the mouth a rose Gules barbed seeded leaved and slipped Proper and charged on the shoulder with a key palewise wards downwards and to the dexter Or.
* MottoCavendo Tutus
# Culdoscope

Culdoscope is an instrument, a kind of endoscope, used to visualize female pelvic organs, introduced through the vagina into the cul-de-sac (which is also called the rectouterine pouch or the pouch of Douglas). The procedure of inserting the culdoscope into the rectouterine pouch is termed culdoscopy.
The word culdoscope (and culdoscopy) is derived from the phrase cul-de-sac, which in French literally means "bottom of a sac", here referring to a blind pouch or cavity in the female body that is closed at one end, that is the rectouterine pouch. As early as the 13th century, a cul-de-sac was a dead-end street (or a dead-end way), a blind alley.
# Embleton Hall

55°18′18″N 1°47′49″W﻿ / ﻿55.305°N 1.797°W﻿ / 55.305; -1.797
Embleton Hall is a country manor house in the small ex-mining village of Longframlington, Northumberland, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
The house was originally built in 1730 but has been extended several times since then. From the 1990s until 2013 it was used a small hotel and is now a private residence again.
The two-storey stone building is set in 5 acres (2.0 ha) of grounds including woodland.

## History

Built in 1730 by Thomas Embleton, it was later bought by the Fenwick family in 1780. An extension to the east of the building is also from the 18th century as is a further extension which was added in 1893. It remained in the Fenwick Family until it was acquired by Trevor Thorne, a former banker, and his wife in 1986, who turned it into a small hotel. There was also a restaurant serving lunchtime food. It was then bought by a couple from Tynemouth in 2013 for £875,000, with the Thornes continuing to live in the stable block.
The building was listed as a Grade II listed building in October 1953.

## Architecture

The two-storey stone building has slate roofs. The five-bay old house which now forms the west wing has rusticated quoins and pilasters and a frieze at the doorway. There are sash windows. The west front, which now forms the entrance, has a projecting porch with a pediment. The interior includes panelling in some of the rooms and stone or marble fireplaces.
The house stands within 5 acres (2.0 ha) of grounds including deciduous woodland. It also has a tennis court.
# Imalinyi

Imalinyi is a town and ward in Njombe district in the Iringa Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands. Its population according to the 2002 Tanzanian census is 23,602.
# Literary Club

Literary Club may refer to:
* Literary Club of Cincinnati
* Literary Club (magazine), a Bulgarian literary e-magazine
* Literary Club, an alternate name for The Club (dining club)