OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ama-gi

Ama-gi is a Sumerian word written 𒂼𒄄 ama-gi$_4$ or 𒂼𒅈𒄄 ama-ar-gi$_4$. Sumerians used it to refer to release from obligations, debt, slavery, taxation, or punishment. Ama-gi has been regarded as the first known written reference to the concept of freedom, and has been used in modern times as a symbol for libertarianism.

## Sumerian use

Ama-gi has been translated as "freedom", as well as "manumission", "exemption from debts or obligations", and "the restoration of persons and property to their original status" including the remission of debts. Other interpretations include a "reversion to a previous state" and release from debt, slavery, taxation or punishment.
The word originates from the noun ama "mother" (sometimes with the enclitic dative case marker ar), and the present participle gi$_4$ "return, restore, put back", thus literally meaning "returning to mother". Assyriologist Samuel Noah Kramer has identified it as the first known written reference to the concept of freedom. Referring to its literal meaning "return to the mother", he wrote in 1963 that "we still do not know why this figure of speech came to be used for 'freedom'."
The earliest known usage of the word was in the decree of Enmetena restoring "the child to his mother and the mother to her child." By the Third Dynasty of Ur, it was used as a legal term for the manumission of individuals.
In some cuneiform texts, it is translated by the Akkadian word andurāru(m), meaning "freedom", "exemption" and "release from (debt) slavery".

## Modern libertarian use

A number of libertarian organizations have adopted the cuneiform glyph as a symbol claiming it is "the earliest-known written appearance of the word 'freedom' or 'liberty.'" It is used as a logo by the Instituto Político para la Libertad of Peru, the New Economic School – Georgia, Libertarian publishing firm Liberty Fund, and was the name and logo of the journal of the London School of Economics' Hayek Society. British musician Frank Turner and Alberta premier Danielle Smith have the symbol tattooed on their forearms.
# Sarah Gratton

Sarah-Jayne Gratton (born 1966 in Cambridge, England) is a producer, author and a former theatre performer.

## Early life

Gratton attended the Shrubbery school and the King Slocombe Stage school in Cambridge, which led to her appearance on BBC Look East, a regional television talent show in the late 1970s. From there, Gratton went on to perform at the Cambridge Arts Theatre, the Prince of Wales Theatre, London and Caesar's Palace, Luton in the early 1980s.
A former actress, Gratton was a columnist for Women's Business Magazine (Teallach Publications Ltd.) in the late 1990s and was elected as President of the Women in Business Society for both UK and Europe in 2000.

## Current activities

Gratton has since become an influential social media persona, speaker and writer, being a contributor to Social Media Today and other publications including In-Spires Lifestyle Magazine and blogcritics.org.

## Personal life

Gratton is married to the author and columnist Dean Anthony Gratton.

## List of works

* Playing God with Artificial Intelligence: Could Our Greatest Creation Lead to Our Final Downfall?, Camden Media, 2024 (ISBN 2361226936)
* Follow Me! Creating a Personal Brand with Twitter, John Wiley & Sons, 2012 (ISBN 1118336348)
* Zero to 100,000: Social Media Tips and Tricks for Small Businesses, Que (an imprint of Pearson Education), 2011 (ISBN 0789748002)
* Marketing Wireless Products, Butterworth–Heinemann (an imprint of Elsevier), 2004 (ISBN 075065936X)
# Fan Service (Sweet)

"Fan Service [sweet]" (ファン・サーヴィス [sweet]) is Japanese pop group Perfume's ninth single. It was released on February 14, 2007.
Fan Service [sweet] was the group's first single for the year 2007. The release date coincided with Valentine's Day, a theme present in the song "Chocolate Disco". It was issued in special packaging containing a DVD with music videos and a 20-page booklet, and only a limited number of pressings were produced. Both songs were included in the group's album GAME, released the next year.
"Chocolate Disco" has been referred to by young people as a "traditional Valentine's Day song".

## Track listing
### CD

Both songs written, composed and arranged by Yasutaka Nakata.
* "Chocolate Disco"(チョコレイト・ディスコ)
* "Twinkle Snow Powdery Snow"

### DVD

* "Chocolate Disco" -Video Clip-(チョコレイト・ディスコ -Video Clip-)
* "Twinkle Snow Powdery Snow" -Video Clip-
# Bradwell Shell Bank

Bradwell Shell Bank is a nature reserve on the coast of the Dengie Peninsula near Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Dengie Site of Special Scientific Interest, Special Protection Area and Ramsar site, and the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation. It is also part of the Blackwater Flats and Marshes, a Grade I site in the Nature Conservation Review.
The site is a large area of saltmarsh together with some 12 hectares (30 acres) of shell bank. Birds which breed on the shell bank include little terns and ringed plovers, and there many species on the saltmarsh. There are flora such as yellow-horned poppies, grass-leaved oraches and rock samphires.
Part of the reserve is accessible at low tide by a footpath from the Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall.
# Aphanocalyx heitzii

Aphanocalyx heitzii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Gabon and possibly Cameroon. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Guilty? (1951 film)

Guilty? (French: Coupable?) is a 1951 French mystery film directed by Yvan Noé and starring Raymond Pellegrin, Junie Astor and André Le Gall. It was shot at the Victorine Studios in Nice. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emile Alex.

## Cast

* Raymond Pellegrin as Noël Portal
* Arlette Accart as Line Walter
* Junie Astor as Suzanne
* André Le Gall as Charles Walter
* Víctor Merenda as Le contremaître
* Roger Monteaux as L'avocat
* Charles Moulin as Joseph
* Noël Darzal as Ernest - le barman
* Marco Villa as Steve
* Félix Clément
* Gustave Hamilton
* Jean-François Martial
* René Maupré
* Marcelle Pax
* Jacques Valois
* Irène Young
# Grease Gun Brothers

Grease Gun Brothers is a 1985 Philippine action film directed by Tony Y. Reyes. The film stars Dante Varona, Bembol Roco, Rey Malonzo and Roy Flores as the title roles.
Part of the footage from the movie is featured in the 1991 movie The Fighter, the Winner.

## Cast

* Dante Varona as Ramon Sanchez
* Bembol Roco as Romeo Sanchez
* Rey Malonzo as Rodrigo Sanchez
* Roy Flores as Renato Sanchez
* Michael de Mesa as Buddy Corsican
* Mark Gil as Danny Corsican
* Roi Vinzon as Sonny Corsican
* Melissa Mendez as Emily
* Kristel Romero as Gelene
* Faila Nazul as Rebecca
* Grego Gavino as Totoy Pilay
* Rene Jose as Atty. Jose
* Ernie Ortega as Antero
* Arnold Mendoza as Capt. Mallari
* Renato del Prado as Natong Burubot
* Rommel Valdez as Sendong Gilagid
* Danny Rojo as Domeng Solis
* Fred Moro as Inggong Pato
* Pong Pong as Tonyo
# Josef Rubinstein

Josef "Joe" Rubinstein (born 4 June 1958) is a comic book artist and inker, most associated with inking Marvel Comics' The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe and the 1982 four-issue Wolverine miniseries by Chris Claremont and Frank Miller. He is also known for giving artist Art Adams his first professional work.

## Early life

Josef Rubinstein was born in Wrocław, Poland in 1958. He moved with his family to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1972.

## Career

Rubinstein started his artist career in the early 1970s as a teenager. Primarily working as an inker, his artwork has been published by major U.S. comics publishers including Marvel Comics, DC Comics and Dark Horse Comics. However, he first entered the industry as an office assistant to Neal Adams and Dick Giordano at Continuity Associates. While working this position, he learned how to ink from Giordano.
At age 17, he met Mike Nasser, who had just received his first comics assignment, penciling a backup feature in Kamandi #45-46. Nasser allowed Rubinstein to practice inking on photocopies of his pencils for the story, and afterward showed the results to editor Gerry Conway, who then assigned Rubinstein to inking the story. Rubinstein is grateful that editors assigned him work with Nasser as partners, pairing them with each other on every assignment.
In 1982, Rubinstein inked the acclaimed Wolverine limited series.
One of his most important works has been inking The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe over a span of twenty years, for which he holds a Guinness World Record of inking more pencilers than any other inker. Rubinstein recounted,
   I did an inker's round table for a magazine called Comics Scene, where Klaus Janson, Tom Palmer, Bob Layton and myself all inked a Mike Zeck drawing. Mark Gruenwald saw these and decided that mine was the clearest to understand what the character looked like, not necessarily the best inked, and when I came back from the San Diego con ... Mark said, "We're doing this encyclopedia, and we would like you to ink as many of the figures as you want." And I said, "I'll ink all of them," which turned into a gold mine and a godsend. [laughs] And he picked me because he knew that I would not make a homogenous look of it, and I honestly think I chameleon my style enough ...
Among his extensive inking credits (which include more than 2,500 comic books), were work with Michael Golden on Micronauts, Jim Starlin's Warlock and Aquaman with Don Newton. Later assignments included a mini-series for Dark Horse Comics called Archenemies, and co-inked issues of DC Comics's Ion mini-series and Green Arrow/Black Canary In 2016 he was inducted into the Joe Sinnott Inkwell Hall of Fame.

## Awards

In 2016, Rubinstein won one of the two annual Inkwell Awards Joe Sinnott Hall of Fame Awards. In his acceptance speech, he once again named Dick Giordano as his mentor.
# Glitterball (song)

"Glitterball" is a song by British drum and bass duo Sigma. It features vocals from British singer and songwriter Ella Henderson. The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 24 July 2015 and is the fifth single from their debut studio album Life (2015). The single peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart. It was at number 78 on the year-end chart in the UK for 2015.

## Music video

The music video for Glitterball was filmed on location in Ibiza. It features Henderson and both members of Sigma.

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Glitterball" (featuring Ella Henderson) – 3:46
* Digital download – remixes
* "Glitterball" (S.P.Y remix) – 3:59
* "Glitterball" (S.P.Y's Not So Glittery remix) – 3:44
* "Glitterball" (99 Souls radio edit) – 2:56
* "Glitterball" (99 Souls club mix) – 4:42
* "Glitterball" (GoldSmyth edition) – 3:18
* "Glitterball" (Hollaphonics radio edit) – 3:36
* "Glitterball" (Lucas Maverick Disco Rack radio edit) – 3:44
* "Glitterball" (D'Silva VIP mix) – 4:39

## Critical reception

4Music described it as a "euphoric ... hands-in-the-air anthem".

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Ireland | 24 July 2015 | Digital download | 3BeatAll Around the World |
| United Kingdom | 24 July 2015 | Digital download | 3BeatAll Around the World |
# Alto Minho

The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Minho (Portuguese pronunciation:) is an administrative division in northern Portugal. It is situated between the Minho River and Lima River. It was created in October 2008. Since January 2015, Alto Minho is also the designation of a NUTS3 subregion of Norte Region, that covers the same area as the intermunicipal community. The main town of the intermunicipal community is Viana do Castelo. The intermunicipal community is coterminous with the Viana do Castelo District. The population in 2011 was 244,836, in an area of 2,218.84 km$^2$.
It borders to the north the Galicia autonomous region in Spain and to the south with the Cávado intermunicipal community. It is an area with a strong gastronomic identity and produces a specific type of wine called Vinho Verde (young wine).

## Municipalities

It is composed of ten municipalities:
| Municipality | Population (2084) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Arcos de Valdevez | 22,847 | 447.60 |
| Caminha | 16,684 | 136.52 |
| Melgaço | 9,213 | 238.25 |
| Monção | 19,230 | 211.31 |
| Paredes de Coura | 9,198 | 138.19 |
| Ponte da Barca | 12,061 | 182.11 |
| Ponte de Lima | 43,498 | 320.25 |
| Valença | 14,127 | 117.13 |
| Viana do Castelo | 88,725 | 319.02 |
| Vila Nova de Cerveira | 9,253 | 108.47 |
| Total | 244,836 | 2,218.84 |
# 2021 Bretagne Classic Ouest-France

The 2021 Bretagne Classic Ouest–France is a road cycling one-day race that took place on 29 August 2021 in the region of Brittany in northwestern France. It was the 85th edition of the Bretagne Classic Ouest–France and the 25th event of the 2021 UCI World Tour.
The 251-kilometre (156 mi) race started and ended in Plouay, featuring a hilly and undulating course with 4,036 metres (13,241 ft) of elevation gain. The first half of the race saw riders head west out of Ploauy and ride through Scaër on the way to Douarnenez along the Atlantic coast. Once there, the course turned back east towards Ploauy and once again passed through Scaër to form a rough figure eight. On the way back to Ploauy after passing through Scaër for the second time, riders ascended Saoutalarin, the race's only gravel climb. The race concluded with a 13.68-kilometre (8.50 mi) finishing circuit in and around Ploauy. The last marked climb, the Bosse Pont-Neuf, crested with 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to go before a slight descent into the final kilometre, with the final 300 metres (980 ft) being slightly uphill to the finish line.

## Teams

All nineteen UCI WorldTeams and five UCI ProTeams made up the twenty-four teams that participated in the race. Of these teams, only four did not field a full squad of seven riders. EF Education–Nippo, Movistar Team, and Team BikeExchange each raced with six riders. Team Bahrain Victorious originally planned on withdrawing from the race after a COVID-19 case in the team; however, the day before the race, they decided to enter with just five riders. In total, 163 riders started the race, of which only 96 finished.
UCI WorldTeams
* AG2R Citroën Team
* Astana–Premier Tech
* Bora–Hansgrohe
* Cofidis
* Deceuninck–Quick-Step
* EF Education–Nippo
* Groupama–FDJ
* Ineos Grenadiers
* Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux
* Israel Start-Up Nation
* Lotto–Soudal
* Movistar Team
* Team Bahrain Victorious
* Team BikeExchange
* Team DSM
* Team Jumbo–Visma
* Team Qhubeka NextHash
* Trek–Segafredo
* UAE Team Emirates
UCI ProTeams
* Arkéa–Samsic
* B&B Hotels p/b KTM
* Burgos BH
* Delko
* Team TotalEnergies

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Benoît Cosnefroy (FRA) | AG2R Citroën Team | 5h 59' 56" |
| 2 | Julian Alaphilippe (FRA) | Deceuninck–Quick-Step | + 0" |
| 3 | Mikkel Frølich Honoré (DEN) | Deceuninck–Quick-Step | + 3" |
| 4 | Ethan Hayter (GBR) | Ineos Grenadiers | + 13" |
| 5 | Connor Swift (GBR) | Arkéa–Samsic | + 13" |
| 6 | Franck Bonnamour (FRA) | B&B Hotels p/b KTM | + 13" |
| 7 | Jasper Stuyven (BEL) | Trek–Segafredo | + 13" |
| 8 | Valentin Madouas (FRA) | Groupama–FDJ | + 13" |
| 9 | Quentin Pacher (FRA) | B&B Hotels p/b KTM | + 16" |
| 10 | Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) | Team Qhubeka NextHash | + 17" |
# Bradwell Waterside

Bradwell Waterside is a small hamlet in Essex, England. It is located about 9 km (5.6 mi) north-northeast of Southminster and is 28 km (17 mi) east from the county town of Chelmsford. The hamlet is in the district of Maldon and the parliamentary constituency of Maldon & East Chelmsford. The population of the hamlet is included in the civil parish of Bradwell-on-Sea.
It has a marina and is about a mile north-northwest of Bradwell-on-Sea on the Blackwater Estuary on the northern edge of the Dengie peninsula.
The hamlet sits at the end of the B1021, the main road through the north of the Dengie peninsula to Latchingdon, and on the coast of Bradwell Creek, a channel next to the Blackwater.
Nearby, there is the former Royal Air Force base RAF Bradwell Bay, owing to the flat land of the Dengie. Today the base is farmland. Additionally, there is the former nuclear power plant, Bradwell Power Station, a significant local and navigational landmark. The buildings themselves still stand post-decommissioning, and so does the water intake in the Blackwater. A beach runs along the north-east edge of the Dengie here, from Bradwell Waterside to the Dengie Marshes at Saint Peter's chapel.
There are two pubs in Bradwell, The Green Man in the hamlet and the Marina Bar at Bradwell Marina.
# Aphanocarpus

Aphanocarpus is a monospecific genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is placed in the tribe Psychotrieae.
It holds only one species, viz. Aphanocarpus steyermarkii, which is endemic to Venezuela.
# Grantig

Grantig was a metal band from Munich, Germany. Their music is rooted in thrash metal, but is influenced by southern rock, blues and traditional heavy metal. The word grantig is of south German origin and translates into English as grouchy or angry.

## Biography

The band was formed in 2004. The first demo CD was recorded in 2005 without label support. Gigs with bands such as Schweisser followed. The second demo record opened doors for a record deal with German label Drakkar in August 2007. In the following months their full-length debut So muss es sein was written, recorded and released on February 1, 2008. In May 2009 the follow-up Medizin was released and the band opened for Sacred Reich and Suicidal Tendencies on their German tour. A third record was announced but not released. The band split up in May 2011.

## Style

The style of Grantig can usually be generalized to thrash metal, although they are influenced heavily by different genres such as hardcore, southern rock, blues and even jazz. The lyrics are written in German.

## Discography

* So Muss Es Sein (2008, Drakkar)
* Medizin (2009, Drakkar)
# Josef Röhrig

Josef Röhrig (28 February 1925 – 12 February 2014) was a German footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Röhrig was born in Zündorf, a Cologne suburb, and played after World War II for the then newly founded 1. FC Köln for a decade. He was part of the team which reached the 1954 final of the DFB-Pokal and the 1960 decider for the West German football championship but lost on both occasions.

## International career

Röhrig also made sporadic appearances for the West Germany national football team between 1950 and 1956, playing 12 times and scoring two goals.

## Honours

* DFB-Pokal runner-up, 1954
* German football championship runner-up, 1960
# Glassford (disambiguation)

Glassford is a village in Scotland.
Glassford may also refer to:

## People

* Bill Glassford (1914–2016), American football player and coach
* John Glassford (1715–1783), Scottish Tobacco Lord
* John Glassford (Canadian football) (b. 1953), Canadian linebacker
* John Glassford (cricketer) (b. 1946), English cricketer
* Samuel M. Glassford (1825–1901), American politician
* William A. Glassford (1886–1958), American admiral
* Henry Glassford Bell (1803–1874), Scottish lawyer, poet, and historian

## Places

* Glassford Island, a small island in Lough Owel, County Westmeath, Ireland
# Alto Madness

Alto Madness is an album by alto saxophonists Jackie McLean and John Jenkins recorded in 1957 and released on the Prestige label. The rhythm section is pianist Wade Legge, bassist Doug Watkins and drummer Art Taylor.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In an AllMusic review by Scott Yanow, he stated: "McLean became much more individual within a few years, while Jenkins would fade from the scene altogether. This likable jam session features plenty of tradeoffs by the two altoists".

## Track listing

All compositions by John Jenkins, except where indicated.
* "Alto Madness" (Jackie McLean) – 11:48
* "Windy City" – 6:59
* "The Lady Is a Tramp" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 6:49
* "Easy Living" (Ralph Rainger, Leo Robin) – 7:35
* "Pondering" – 6:15

## Personnel

* Jackie McLean, John Jenkins – alto saxophone
* Wade Legge – piano
* Doug Watkins – bass
* Art Taylor – drums

### Production

* Bob Weinstock – supervisor
* Rudy Van Gelder – engineer
# 2021 Brest Challenger – Doubles

Denys Molchanov and Andrei Vasilevski were the defending champions but only Molchanov chose to defend his title, partnering Aleksandr Nedovyesov. Molchanov lost in the semifinals to Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul.
Doumbia and Reboul won the title after defeating Salvatore Caruso and Federico Gaio 4–6, 6–3, [10–3].

## Seeds

* Denys Molchanov / Aleksandr Nedovyesov (semifinals)
* Albano Olivetti / Matt Reid (first round)
* Zdeněk Kolář / David Vega Hernández (semifinals)
* Sadio Doumbia / Fabien Reboul (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Balaji D Sharan | 3 | 5 | | 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6 | 5 | [11] | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Ferreira Silva J Sousa | 4 | 6 | [10] | | F Ferreira Silva J Sousa | 2 | 7 | [9] | | | | | | | | | |
| PR | F Cabral E Hoyt | 6 | 1 | [5] | | | | | | 1 | D Molchanov A Nedovyesov | 6$^{12}$ | 2 | | | | | |
| 4 | S Doumbia F Reboul | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | S Doumbia F Reboul | 7$^{14}$ | 6 | | | | | |
| | M Guinard A Hoang | 0 | 3 | | 4 | S Doumbia F Reboul | 4 | 7$^9$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | DN Mădăraș A Vatutin | 3 | 4 | | | L Broady L Johnson | 6 | 6$^7$ | [7] | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Broady L Johnson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | S Doumbia F Reboul | 4 | 6 | [10] |
| | M Martineau Z Piros | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | S Caruso F Gaio | 6 | 3 | [3] |
| | H Grenier A Müller | 6 | 7 | | | H Grenier A Müller | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Cerretani F Fallert | 6$^3$ | 3 | | 3 | Z Kolář D Vega Hernández | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Z Kolář D Vega Hernández | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | Z Kolář D Vega Hernández | 5 | 5 | | | | | |
| | A Dougaz M Safwat | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | S Caruso F Gaio | 7 | 7 | | | | | |
| | S Caruso F Gaio | 6 | 6 | | | S Caruso F Gaio | 7 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Monroe B Nakashima | 6 | 6 | | | N Monroe B Nakashima | 5 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Olivetti M Reid | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Pierre Brannefors

Pierre Bertil Brannefors (1962-2019) was a Swedish international speedway rider. He earned 14 international caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

## Speedway career

Brannefors reached the final of the Speedway World Pairs Championship in the 1983 Speedway World Pairs Championship.
He rode in the top tier of British Speedway from 1981 with the King's Lynn Stars to 1984, riding for Reading Racers. He was also the 1980 Swedish Junior Champion.
He starred with the brothers Björn Andersson and Jan Andersson, during Kaparna's league championship title win, during the 1984 Swedish speedway season.

## World Final appearances
### World Pairs Championship

* 1983 - Göteborg, Ullevi (with Jan Andersson) - 5th - 16pts (4)

## Family

His father Bengt Brannefors was also a professional speedway rider.
# Brays

Brays may refer to:
* Brays, Missouri, United States, an unincorporated community
* Brays Fork, Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community also known as Brays
* Brays Creek, New South Wales, Australia