OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon

Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217 – 15 February 1245), feudal baron of Plympton in Devon and Lord of the Isle of Wight, was the son of Baldwin de Redvers and Margaret FitzGerold and grandson of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon.

## Career

Because his father died at a young age it is likely that Baldwin was born posthumously. Although it is not recorded when he came of age and did homage for his lands, it is known that he was knighted by King Henry III and created 6th Earl of Devon on Christmas Day 1239 at Winchester.
In 1240 he departed to the Holy Land on the Barons' Crusade with a host of crusaders led by Richard of Cornwall.

## Family and children

In 1235 he married Amice de Clare (1220–1284), daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and had the following children:
* Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon.
* Isabella de Redvers, Countess of Devon (or Isabella de Fortibus) (died 1293), married William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle. After the death of her brother, she became Countess of Devon in her own right, and Lady of the Isle of Wight.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Cokayne 1916, pp. 318–19.
* ↑ Sanders 1960, p. 137-138.
* ↑ Cokayne 1916, p. 318
* ↑ Lower 2013, p. 45.
* ↑ Altschul 2019, p. 55.
# Hajji Bayram

Hajji Bayram may refer to:

## Places

* Hajji Bayram, Iran
* Bagaran, Armavir, Amenia

## People

* Hacı Bayram-ı Veli, a Turkish Poet
# Alliance Pipeline

Alliance Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline from Canada to the United States. It connects north-western Alberta and north-eastern British Columbia in western Canada to Illinois in the American Midwest, passing through Saskatchewan, North Dakota, Minnesota and Iowa. It is owned by Enbridge and Fort Chicago Energy Partners. Its FERC code is 176.
# A Black and White Night

A Black and White Night may refer to
* Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night, a television special featuring Roy Orbison
* A Black & White Night Live, an album by Roy Orbison
# Harry Wells (VC)

Harry Wells VC (19 September 1888 – 25 September 1915) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

Wells was 27 years old, and a sergeant in the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Sussex Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
   For most conspicuous bravery near Le Retoire on 25th September, 1915.
   When his Platoon Officer had been killed he took command and led his men forward to within fifteen yards of the German wire. Nearly half the Platoon were killed or wounded, and the remainder were much shaken, but with the utmost coolness and bravery Serjeant Wells rallied them and led them forward. Finally, when very few were left, he stood up and urged them forward once more, but while doing this he was killed. He gave a magnificent example of courage and determination.

## Further information

Wells is buried in Dud Corner Cemetery, Le Rutoire, near Loos. 2 miles NW of Lens. Plot V, Row E, Grave 2.

## The medal

His VC is displayed at the Eastbourne Redoubt Museum, Eastbourne, Sussex, England.
# Chicago Board of Trade (photograph)

Chicago Board of Trade, also known as Chicago Board of Trade I, is a colour photograph made by German artist Andreas Gursky in 1997. It is the original picture that he took of the Chicago Board of Trade, of which he would make new versions in 1999 and in 2009. The photograph had six editions, one of which is at The Broad Museum, in Los Angeles. It is also a part of a series that the artist made on the subject of stock exchanges and board of trades across the world, since 1990.

## Description

The picture has a large, variable, format. Similarly to others of his pictures, this one was taken from a high point of view, allowing a broader vision of the board of trade. In this original version, the space depicted is larger, showing the surrounding area, including the balconies and some of the walls, of the Chicago Board of Trade, while its center, famously named "the pit", bursts with a colourful number of people, who are the stockbrokers, apparently in a typical business day. The balconies area would be cropped in the two following versions. Gursky explains that for this kind of photographs “The camera’s enormous distance from these figures means they become de-individualized”, “... So I am never interested in the individual but in the human species and its environment”. The Christie's website stated:" As in all of Gursky's greatest works, Chicago Board of Trade creates an intriguing synthesis between the macro and the micro scales: we can see each face, each movement, each moment preserved in this photograph, order seemingly emerging from chaos. Gursky, watching over this scene from an almost scientific perspective, (...) has immortalized and even celebrated the people and the mass to which they belong, capturing fleeting beauty as glimpsed at the heart of the hustle and bustle of contemporary, capitalist life."

## Art market

This first version was sold by $2,507,755 at Sotheby's, London, on 24 June 2013, making it one of the most expensive photographs ever sold. Prints of the same photograph also sold by $902,500 on 12 May 2010, and by $756,000, on 17 May 2023, both at Christie's.
# Björn Michaelsen

Björn Michaelsen was the Deputy Chairman at The Document Foundation, the legal entity behind LibreOffice.

## Research work

Björn Michaelsen studied physics at the University of Hamburg and worked in the area of arms control and peace studies at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy in Hamburg, published his results there before becoming involved in open source and software development.

## Software engineering and executive work

Björn Michaelsen is currently employed by freiheit.com, a German software company. Previously he was working for Canonical Ltd. where he was responsible for the packaging and development of LibreOffice for Ubuntu and was welcomed as someone having "a deep expertise on the LibreOffice core". Coming from Oracle (and before that Sun), where he was working on OpenOffice.org for a few years in the Writer/Framework area, he was later the first to tackle the 20-year old OpenOffice build system, with a portable GNU make-based approach, focusing on build speed.
Michaelsen joined LibreOffice in 2011 and became an appointed member of the Engineering Steering Committee from the beginning, was in the initial set of certified LibreOffice developers and championed multiple initiatives of the LibreOffice project, including the migration to a new improved build system. He is a member of the Board of Directors of The Document Foundation, and speaks frequently at open source events. He also created multiple LibreOffice extensions to showcase the power and simplicity of these.
# La Capelle-Bleys

La Capelle-Bleys is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
# Provincial deputation

Provincial deputation can refer to:
* Provincial deputation (Spain)
* Provincial deputation in Spanish America
# Baldwin of Antioch

Baldwin of Antioch (died September 17, 1176) was a Frankish knight and general in service of the Byzantine Empire during the Byzantine–Seljuk Wars. He was the son of Princess Constance of Antioch and Raymond of Poitiers. His brother-in-law was Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. An ally of the Emperor in his battles against the Seljuk Turks, Baldwin was one of his most trusted advisors and the only one of Manuel's senior commanders "of Western origin".
Baldwin commanded the right wing of the Byzantine forces guarding the siege and baggage train, largely composed of Latin mercenaries, at the Battle of Myriokephalon on September 17, 1176. Upon approaching narrow Tzibritze Pass, the Seljuks launched an attack on Manuel's marching troops. Baldwin led a cavalry charge attempting to drive the Turks from the hills in a counterattack but was surrounded and killed together with all his men.
In Byzantium: The Decline and Fall (1996), English historian John Julius Norwich described the aftermath of Baldwin's death (taken from the Byzantine historian Choniates, whose comments are not always unbiased);
   Had Manuel shown something of the same spirit, the day might have been saved; but at this of all moments his courage deserted him. In a hasty council of war he horrified his senior officers by suddenly announcing his intention of taking flight. The commanding general Andronicus Contostephanus made a strong protest, his words being echoed by a common soldier who, having overheard the discussion, bitterly reproached the Emperor for wishing to abandon an army whose loss was due entirely to his own imprudence. Manuel reluctantly agreed to remain; but his reputation was badly injured and was never fully to recover.
# Heatherton

Heatherton may refer to:

## Places

* Heatherton Village, a suburb of Derby, England
* Heatherton, Michigan (also spelled Hetherton), United States
* Heatherton, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Heatherton, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Heatherton, Victoria, Australia

## Other uses

* Heatherton (surname)
# Haiti at the 1960 Summer Olympics

Haiti competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. It was the first time in 28 years that the nation had sent athletes to the Olympic Games. Haiti's delegation consisted of two people, weightlifter Philome Laguerre and the head of the delegation, Pierre Plaisimond.

## Weightlifting
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Military Press | Military Press | Snatch | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Philome Laguerre | 90 kg | 137.5 | 5 | NVL | NVL | DNS | DNS | DNF | DNF |
# Profiles in Folly

Profiles in Folly is a historical book written by Alan Axelrod which is composed of many other true stories within the book itself, beginning with the Trojan War in "The Decision To Let Danger In", and ending with Hurricane Katrina in "The Decision to Stop Short of Leadership". It is a follow-up book to Profiles in Audacity, and studies 35 of the worst mistakes in history. Each mistake is told in story form and is designed to teach the reader lessons through Axelrod's opinion.

## Division of the book

The book is separated into six main parts, all focusing on different decisions leaders made in their actions of folly. These decisions are:
* The Decision to Gamble and Hope
* The Decision to Manipulate
* The Decision to Leap (Without Looking)
* The Decision to Retreat
* The Decision to Destroy
* and The Decision to Drift.
Within each of these decisions are short, historical stories such as "John F. Kennedy and the Bay of Pigs" under The Decision to Drift, or "The British Empire and Gandhi" under The Decision to Retreat. There are a total of thirty-five mini stories within the entire book.
The book focuses on mainly contemporary stories, but goes as far back as to the Trojan War (the very first story) under The Decision to Gamble and Hope.
# Harry Blum (scientist)

Harry Blum (January 30, 1924 – April 19, 1987) was a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, known for his work in 1967 introducing the medial axis and grassfire transform of a shape, and more generally for his work on shape analysis, topological skeletonization, biological form, and visual perception.

## Life

Blum was originally from New York City, where he was born on January 30, 1924. During World War II, he worked for the Navy in the New York Naval Shipyard. After the war, he became an engineer for the New York City Subway before going to Cornell University, where he graduated in 1950.
From 1950 to 1958 he worked for the United States Air Force at the Rome Air Development Center, also earning a master's degree in electrical engineering at Syracuse University in 1958. From 1958 to 1960 he worked for NATO at the SHAPE Technical Centre in the Netherlands, and from 1960 to 1967 he worked for the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, where he began his work on biological and visual shape description. He joined the National Institutes of Health, in the Lab of Statistical and Mathematical Methodology of the Division of Computer Research, in 1967, and retired in 1982.
He died on April 19, 1987.

## Selected publications

| A. | Blum, Harry (1967), "A transformation for extracting new descriptors of shape", in Wathen-Dunn, Weiant (ed.), Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 362–380 |
| B. | Blum, Harry (February 1973), "Biological shape and visual science (part I)", Journal of Theoretical Biology, 38 (2): 205–287, doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90175-6, PMID 4689997 |
| C. | Blum, Harry; Nagel, Roger N. (January 1978), "Shape description using weighted symmetric axis features", Pattern Recognition, 10 (3): 167–180, doi:10.1016/0031-3203(78)90025-0 |
# Chicago Board of Trade II

Chicago Board of Trade II is a colour photograph by German artist Andreas Gursky made in 1999. It was created following his usual process of taking several pictures of the same subject and then manipulating and merging the scanned results by computer.

## Description and analysis

The picture of large variable dimensions presents the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade, where a large number of brokers, of different jacket colours, are seen in groups around several banks of monitors. The surrounding areas, which appeared in the first version, were cropped in this one. The image is deliberately blurred. Gursky achieved the sense of movement by using the double exposure of several sections of the picture. The image gives us a sense of the voracity of the world of broad of trades and of the contemporary capitalist world. Tate Modern website describes it: "Rather than being a straight depiction of the trading floor as a place, Gursky’s image seems to depict the brash, exuberant and unfathomable activity of the stock market as a global phenomenon." The overall pattern seems reminiscent of the abstract expressionist painting, in particular of Jackson Pollock.
A new version of the picture, Chicago, Board of Trade III (1999-2009) would be sold by $3,298,755 at Sotheby's, London, on 26 June 2013.

## Public collections

This picture had a six copies edition, two of which are at the Tate Modern, in London. There are also prints at the Kunstmuseum, in Bonn, the Museum of Contemporary Art, in Chicago, and at the Zabludowicz Collection.
# Biocyclone Cave

Biocyclone Cave is a cave in Gunung Buda National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. The cave has a 100-metre (330 ft) wide entrance. Its length is 2,278 metres (7,474 ft), with a vertical range of 152 metres (499 ft). It was first explored and surveyed by an American expedition in 1995.
# Frow

Frow or FROW may refer to:
* Froe, tool for cleaving wood by splitting it along the grain
* John Frow, Australian professor of English
* Toby Frow, director of 2007 BBC radio play 20 Cigarettes
* Foundation for Recognition of Ontario Wildlife, Canadian non-governmental organisation
# Essabil

Essabil (Arabic: السبيل, "The Cause"), also known as the Democratic and Social Itinerary (Itinéraire Démocratique et Social, IDS), is a minor Algerian political party.

## History and profile

Eassabil was founded by Abdesslem Ali Rachedi in January 2002.
# Balaka longirostris

Balaka longirostris is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Fiji.
# Allred, Nevada

Allred is a ghost town situated in Nye County, Nevada. A post office in the settlement opened on April 17, 1911 with Allen Oxborrow and George Kump as postmasters. The post office was closed more than a year later on October 31, 1912. There are no visible remains left of Allred.
# Aage Dons

Aage Bergishagen Dons (19 August 1903 – 20 October 1993) was a Danish writer. He is best known for his novels, De uønskede, Frosten paa Ruderne, and Den svundne tid er ej forbi.

## Life

Dons was born on 18 August 1903 in Svanholm, Frederikssund, Denmark to Hans Bergishagen Dons (1849–1930) and Frede Henriette Gottlieb (1869–1957). He had originally studied to be a musician.
Dons made his writing debut in 1932 with Walpurgisnacht, a radioplay which was later released as a book in 1935 along with his first novel Koncerten. The majority of his published works were novels and collections of short stories.
For his writing, Dons was awarded De Gyldne Laurbær and the Kollegernes Ærespris in 1954, Det anckerske Legat in 1956, Herman Bangs Mindelegat in 1959, Drachmannlegatet in 1965, and the Holberg Medal 1966.
He died on 13 October 1993 and is buried at Krogstrup Cemetery.
# 1951 French legislative election in Ivory Coast

Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Ivory Coast on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider parliamentary elections. The African Democratic Rally (Félix Houphouët-Boigny) and French Union (Sékou Sanogo) each won a single seat.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | African Democratic Rally | 67,090 | 61.17 | 1 | –1 |
| | Party of the French Union of Ivory Coast | 35,376 | 32.25 | 1 | New |
| | Republican Union | 5,881 | 5.36 | 0 | New |
| | Eburnean Democratic Bloc | 1,334 | 1.22 | 0 | New |
| | Party of the Democratic Union | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
| | Party of the Free Union | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
| | United Front of the West | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 109,682 | 100.00 | 2 | –1 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 109,682 | 98.57 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1,595 | 1.43 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 111,277 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 189,154 | 58.83 | | |
| Source: De Benoist ||||||
# Bjørn Rune Gjelsten

Bjørn Rune Gjelsten (born 17 September 1956 in Tomrefjord) is a Norwegian businessman and Offshore powerboat racing World Champion. He was also a joint owner of Wimbledon Football Club and involved in the controversial relocation of the team from London to Milton Keynes.

## Offshore powerboat racing career

Gjelsten made his powerboat racing debut in 1994 in the U.S., winning his first race in Jacksonville with throttleman Jim Dyke. In 1996, he formed Class 1's most successful partnership with Englishman Steve Curtis, which in the "Spirit of Norway" the pair took:
* The World Championship - 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004
* The European Championship - 1998, 2002, 2003
* The Middle East Championship - 2003, 2004
* The Pole Position Championship - 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Curtis was awarded the Segrave Trophy in 2003, and the committee presented Gjelsten with a Segrave Certificate. In 2004, Gjelsten retired to concentrate on his businesses, and sold the "Spirit of Norway" team to Bård Eker, who won the 2005 Championship with Curtis. In 2006, Gjelsten bought back the team from Eker, and won the 2006 Championship with Curtis.

## Relocation of Wimbledon Football Club

Buying into Wimbledon Football Club in the late 1990s, Gjelsten and his business partner Kjell Inge Røkke became joint owners of the team in 2000. The following year, with the side homeless since leaving their Plough Lane ground in 1991 and playing at Crystal Palace's Selhurst Park stadium in Croydon, southeast London, Gjelsten, along with Røkke, chairman Charles Koppel and businessman Pete Winkelman agreed to relocate the team to Milton Keynes, a town around 60 miles from their traditional base. This sparked a year of protest at matches from Wimbledon fans, determined not to let their club be 'franchised' like this. Although common in American sport, the relocation of a professional English football club had never been done before.
After rejections from the Football League and the Football Association, the decision was eventually passed on to a three-man arbitration panel, the outcome being two to one in favour of the move. Wimbledon fans, outraged with the decision, agreed to form a new club to support, AFC Wimbledon, and declared a boycott on their former team. The following season, Wimbledon FC would go on to play in front of record low crowds, including just 664 for a League Cup game against Rotherham, before finally completing the move in 2004, becoming Milton Keynes Dons.
# Frovina

Frovina is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Zerotulidae, the moon snails.

## Species

* Frovina angularis Warén & Hain, 1996
* Frovina indecora (Thiele, 1912)
* Frovina soror Thiele, 1912
# Ethel Lang

Ethel Lang may refer to:
* Ethel Lang (actress), (1902-1995) Australian actress
* Ethel Lang (supercentenarian) (1900-2015) British supercentenarian
# Balaka macrocarpa

Balaka macrocarpa is a species of small palm in the family Arecaceae.
It is found only in Fiji and is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description

Balaka macrocarpa grows to a height of up to 8m high and has a green trunk.
# Helena Helmersson

Helena Helmersson (born October 1973) is a Swedish former business executive. From 2010 to 2020, she was head of sustainability at the Swedish retail clothing company H&M, and from 2020 to 2024 she was its CEO.

## Early life

Helmersson was born in Skellefteå in the north of Sweden along with her parents and two sisters. She graduated with a master's degree in international business administration from the Umeå School of Business and Economics in 1997.

## Career

Helmersson joined joined H&M in 1997. She became a section manager in the buying office before she went to Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2007 where she was H&M's production manager. After a further period serving as their department manager for underwear production in Hong Kong.
In 2010 when she returned to Stockholm to be manager for social responsibility and supply. Helmersson's responsibilities covered the improvement of the social and environmental sustainability of supply, contributing to H&M's sustainability strategy which was initially implemented in the 1990s.
She was appointed CEO of H&M on 30 January, 2020. During her tenure H&M faced financial challenges due to the Covid pandemic and losses from disinvesting in Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian war as well as global supply chain difficulties and costs.
On 31 January 2024, it was announced that Helmersson would be replaced as CEO of H&M by Daniel Ervér.
   […]it has been very demanding at times for me personally and I now feel that it is time to leave the CEO role, which of course has not been an easy decision.
In June 2024, Henderson joined the board of Quizrr, a Swedish digital training platform company founded by her husband.

## Recognition

In March 2014, Helmersson was listed as Sweden's "Most Powerful Woman in Business" by the weekly business magazine Veckans Affärer.
In 2019, she received the "Influential Leader" recognition from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for influencing the way corporations view sustainability.
Helmersson was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Social Sciences at Umeå University in 2020 for her commitment to sustainability issues.
She was ranked 41st on Fortune's list of Most Powerful Women in 2023.

## Personal life

Helmersson is married and has two children. She lives in Danderyd Municipality.
# HSwMS M20

HSwMS M 20 was a minesweeper that served in the Swedish Navy. Built in 1941 of mahogany on a steel frame, M 20 represents legendary shipbuilding and was in service from 1941 until 2005.
Decommissioned in 2005 she is now owned by SMM (Swedish Maritime Museums) and operated and maintained by the association "Föreningen M 20".
# Amblycorypha floridana

Amblycorypha floridana, known generally as the Florida oblong-winged katydid or Florida false katydid, is a species of phaneropterine katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in North America.
# Professional Graduate Diploma

Professional Graduate Diploma may refer to:
* Professional Graduate Diploma in Information Technology - An academic qualification equal to the third (final) year of a UK honors degree, awarded by the British Computer Society (BCS)
* Professional Graduate Diploma in Education - A one-year course in Scotland for undergraduate degree holders