OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Ireland Craig

James Ireland Craig FRSE CBE (1868–1952) was a Scottish mathematician, meteorologist and creator of the Craig retroazimuthal projection.

## Life

He was born on 24 February 1868 in Buckhaven the son of Captain T M Craig, a pioneer in the development of Borneo, and his wife Agnes. He was educated at Daniel Stewart's College in Edinburgh, where he was school dux for 1885. He then attended Edinburgh University and then Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating MA in 1892.
In 1893 he became a Master, teaching mathematics at Eton College then at Winchester College from 1895. In 1896 he moved to Egypt to work for the Egyptian government. In 1908 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for his contributions to cartography. His proposers were George Chrystal, William J MacDonald, John Alison and John Brown Clark.
He created, in 1909, the Craig retroazimuthal projection that preserves true directions on a map to a specified location, such as Mecca, which it why it is often called the Mecca projection.
He returned to Britain during the First World War and was based in London at the Ministry of Food. In the aftermath of the war he was creator Food Controller 1918-20 for Upper Silesia (now SW Poland). In 1925 he returned to Egypt as Controller General, then, from 1928 to 1934, was Financial Secretary to the Egyptian Census. In 1934 (aged already 66) he was made UK Government Commissioner of Customs. He finally retired from employment in 1947, aged 79. He still spent much of his time in Egypt.
In 1942 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services in Egypt.
He was killed aged 83 in a deliberate fire at the Turf Club in Cairo, set by rioters on 26 January 1952 during the Cairo Fire.

## Family

In 1897, he married Isabella Wilson, who died in 1948.

## Publications

* The Rains of the Nile Basin and Nile Floods of 1909 (1910)
* General Theory of Map Projections (1910)
* Anthropometry of Modern Egyptians (1911)
* Some General Principles of Surveying (1911)
* Egyptian Irrigation (1913)
* Elements of Analytical Geometry (1930) (published in both English and Arabic)
# James Garvey (hurler)

James Michael "Staff" Garvey (13 December 1899 – October 1987) was an Irish hurler who played club hurling with Cappataggle. He was a member of the Galway team that won the 1923 All-Ireland Championship.
# James Garvey

James Garvey may refer to:
* James Garvey (footballer) (1880–?), English footballer
* James Garvey (philosopher), American philosopher
* James Garvey (politician) (born 1964), politician in Louisiana
* James Garvey (hurler) (1899–1987), Irish hurler
# James Vernon the Younger

James Vernon the Younger (15 June 1677 – 17 April 1756) was a British government official, courtier, diplomat and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1708 to 1710. He was an envoy to Denmark from 1702 to 1707.

## Early life

Vernon was the eldest son of James Vernon and his wife Mary Buck, daughter of Sir John Buck, 1st Baronet, of Hamby Grange, Lincolnshire. His father was Secretary of State under William III. He was educated at Utrecht in 1690, at Rotterdam from 1690 to 1692 and a Utrecht again from 1696 to 1697.

## Career

In 1691, Vernon was appointed serjeant of the chandlery. He was appointed an extra clerk of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council in 1697. His first parliamentary attempt was in a by-election in 1698 at Penryn when he was unsuccessful. He was groom of bedchamber to Duke of Gloucester from 1698 to 1700. From his close attendance on the Duke he contracted the illness from which the Duke died, and took several months to recover. At the second general election of 1701, he and his father contested St Mawes, but were unable to overcome the established interest. From 1701 to 1702 he was a Commissioner of the privy seal. In May 1702, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He served as British envoy to Denmark from 1702 to 1707 and was groom of bedchamber to the Prince of Denmark from 1702 to 1708.
At the 1708 British general election Vernon was returned as Whig Member of Parliament for Cricklade. In early 1709 he supported the naturalization of the Palatines, and in 1710 voted for the impeachment of Dr Sacheverell, later airing his dismay that Whig leaders had made such a fuss about ‘a factious preacher much below their notice’. He became a Commissioner for excise in 1710, in compensation for his father's dismissal as teller of the Exchequer. The post, worth £800 a year, made him ineligible to stand at the 1710 British general election.

## Later life

Vernon disentangled himself from politics and chose to serve the Tory administration as an official. In 1713, he married Arethusa Boyle daughter of Charles Boyle, Lord Clifford of Lanesborough. When King George I came to the throne in 1714 and the Whigs were in power his Whig background served him and he not only kept his post but was also appointed a Clerk of the Privy Council in 1715, which he held for the rest of his life. In 1716 he was again Commissioner of the Privy Seal. He lost his post at the Excise in 1726 after a disagreement with Walpole, but it was restored in 1728. In 1727 he succeeded his father.
In 1713, Vernon married Arethusa Boyle d. 1728, daughter of Charles Boyle, 3rd Viscount Dungarvan and Arethusa Berkeley, with whom he had issue including Francis Vernon d. 1783 who was created 1st Earl of Shipbrook (I).
Vernon devoted his efforts to religious and charitable works. He was a sponsor of the foundation of Georgia and a trustee for Bray's charity. His government duties kept him in London, but by 1733 he had purchased an estate at Great Thurlow, Suffolk, for £15,000. Later he built workhouses for several Suffolk parishes. He died on 15 or 17 April 1756, and was buried at Great Thurlow.
# James Vick (publisher)

James Vick (November 23, 1818 - 1882) was a printer, seed seller, and gardening catalog publisher in Rochester, New York. His gardening magazine doubled as a seed catalogue and issues were beautifully illustrated and contained content and descriptions for gardening enthusiasts. From semi-annual to quarterly and eventually monthly, his Vick's Illustrated publication ran for decades.
He was born in England.
Hundreds of thousands of copies of his catalogues were sent out annually.
He had a home on East Avenue in Rochester, New York.
He built Union Park Racetrack through his garden properties. The area is now Vick Park A and B.
His son continued the then monthly magazine after he died.
# James M. Parsons

James M. Parsons (October 16, 1858 – December 16, 1937) was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1935, to December 16, 1937, appointed from Polk County, Iowa.
# Mikhail Ashenbrenner

Mikhail Yulevich Ashenbrenner (Russian: Михаил Юльевич Ашенбреннер) (September 21 [O.S. September 9], 1842 – November 11, 1926) was a Russian revolutionary, and one of the leaders of the Military Organisation of the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will), the group that carried out the assassination of the Tsar Alexander II.

## Biography

Mikhail Ashenbrenner was born in Moscow into the gentry. His father was a russified German, who worked as a military engineer, his mother was the daughter of General Mikhail Naumov, a veteran of the 1812 war against the French. He studied with the First Moscow Cadet Corps, and was discharged in 1860, with the rank of lieutenant. As an officer, he and a group of comrades studied the natural sciences, and studied Feuerbach, Darwin, and Spencer. In 1864, he was deported to Turkestan for refusing to take part in suppressing the Polish Uprising against Russian rule. He lived in a remote part of Bessarabia until the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War in 1877, and then in Kherson province.
From 1880, all his energy was devoted to organising revolutionary groups in the military. His work was assisted by the respect that officers had for him. In 1882, the central military circle in St Petersburg urged local circles to get actively involved in Narodnaya Volya. Ashenbrenner was delegated to go round the military circles across Russia, enlist correspondents for a military-revolutionary journal and recruit delegates for a congress of local groups, but while he was doing so, the military wing of Narodnaya Volya was eliminated by mass arrests, after being betrayed by the police informer, Sergey Degayev.
Ashenbrenner was arrested in March 1883, and was a defendant at the Trial of the 14, alongside Vera Figner and others, in September 1884. He was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He spent 20 years in the Shlisselburg Fortress, until his release on 20 September 1904. He then lived under police supervision in Smolensk. After the Bolshevik Revolution, he was allocated a place in Ilych Home for Revolutionary Veterans. His memoirs were published in the journal Byloe in 1906, and reissued as a separate publication with the title The Military Organisation of People's Will in 1942.
# James Walsh

James Walsh may refer to:

## Government and military

* James A. Walsh (Medal of Honor) (1897–1960), U.S. seaman and participant in the 1914 occupation of Veracruz
* James Augustine Walsh (1906–1991), U.S. federal judge
* James Donald Walsh (born 1946), United States Ambassador to Argentina from 2000 to 2003
* James H. Walsh, American labor organizer
* James J. Walsh (New York politician) (1858–1909), American politician, U.S. Representative from New York
* J. J. Walsh (1880–1948), aka James Joseph Walsh, Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician, TD for Cork Borough
* James Morrow Walsh (1840–1905), NWMP officer and first commissioner of Yukon Territory
* James T. Walsh (born 1947), American politician, U.S. Representative from New York

## Religious

* James Walsh (Irish priest) (1837–1919), Irish Anglican priest
* James Anthony Walsh (1867–1936), American Roman Catholic priest, founder of Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers
* James Edward Walsh (1891–1981), American Maryknoll bishop and missionary

## Sports

* James Walsh (cricketer) (1913–1986), Australian cricketer
* James Walsh (equestrian) (born 1948), Irish Olympic equestrian
* James Walsh (hurler) (born 1983), hurler from Ballinakill in Laois
* James Walsh (swimmer) (born 1986), Philippine swimmer
* James Andrew Walsh (1909–1985), Irish hurler
* Flat Walsh (James Patrick Walsh, 1897–1959), Canadian ice hockey goaltender

## Others

* James Walsh (convict) (born 1833), transported convict, known for prison wall paintings in Western Australia
* James Walsh (musician) (born 1980), British musician, frontman of the rock band Starsailor
* James Joseph Walsh (1865–1942), American physician and author
* James P. Walsh (born 1953), American organizational theorist
* James Walsh (physician), Irish medical doctor
* James Morgan Walsh (1897–1952), Australian writer
# James Lowell (soccer)

Jamie Lowell (born May 2, 2002) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Seattle Sounders FC academy.
# James Madison Morton Sr.

James Madison Morton Sr. (September 5, 1837 – April 19, 1923) was a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 1890 to 1913. He was appointed by Governor John Q. A. Brackett.

## Biography

Born in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, Morton received an undergraduate degree from Brown University in 1859, where he was classmates with John Hay and William Williams Keen, followed by an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1861. He entered private practice in Boston, and was city solicitor of that city from 1864 to 1867. He remained in practice until 1890, when Governor John Q. A. Brackett appointed Morton to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Morton served for 23 years, submitting his resignation in 1913.

## Personal life and death

On November 6, 1866, Morton married Emily Frances Canedy, with whom he had three children. Morton's son, James Madison Morton Jr., became a long-serving United States federal judge.
Morton died at his home in Boston at the age of 86.
# Miller Pipeline

Miller Pipeline, headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, is a natural gas distribution, water/wastewater, and transmission pipeline and utility contracting company. The company provides a range of pipeline contracting and rehabilitation services for natural gas, liquids, water and wastewater pipelines. In the fall of 2006, Vectren purchased Duke Energy's interest in Miller Pipeline, making it a subsidiary of Vectren. In 2019, CenterPoint Energy merged with Vectren. In February 2020, CenterPoint announced it was selling Miller Pipeline and Minnesota Limited to Atlanta-based PowerTeam Services. CenterPoint Energy sold Miller Pipeline and Minnesota Limited (collectively, "MVerge") to PowerTeam Services for $850 million in cash, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. Net proceeds of the sale were used to repay a portion of outstanding CenterPoint Energy debt. In 2019, PowerTeam Services rebranded to Artera Services.

## History

Miller Pipeline was founded in 1953 (as a private company) as Don W. Miller, Incorporated in Green Springs, Ohio. In 1961, they branched out to Indianapolis and have since grown to include three divisions with approximately 3,800 construction professionals.
In 2011, Miller Pipeline acquired Minnesota Limited, which is headquartered in Big Lake, Minnesota and was founded in 1966. Minnesota Limited is one of the largest northern Midwest contractors in the industry and focuses primarily on transmission pipeline construction and maintenance.
# Milan Antal

Minor planets discovered: 17 :
| 1807 Slovakia | 20 August 1971 | list |
| 3393 Štúr | 28 November 1984 | list |
| 3730 Hurban | 4 December 1983 | list |
| 4573 Piešťany | 5 October 1986 | list |
| 5025 Mecisteus | 5 October 1986 | list |
| 6545 Leitus | 5 October 1986 | list |
| 7641 Cteatus | 5 October 1986 | list |
| 9543 Nitra | 4 December 1983 | list |
| 10293 Pribina | 5 October 1986 | list |
| 11014 Svätopluk | 23 August 1982 | list |
| 13916 Bernolák | 23 August 1982 | list |
| 16435 Fándly | 7 November 1988 | list |
| 19955 Hollý | 28 November 1984 | list |
| 20991 Jánkollár | 28 November 1984 | list |
| 23444 Kukučín | 5 October 1986 | list |
| (32773) 1986 TD | 5 October 1986 | list |
| (48413) 1986 TB$_7$ | 9 October 1986 | list |
Milan Antal (1935–1999) was a Slovak astronomer.
While working at Skalnaté Pleso Observatory and at the Toruń Centre for Astronomy from 1971–1988, he discovered 17 minor planets, including the asteroid 1807 Slovakia and the three unnamed Jupiter trojans (5025) 1986 TS6, (6545) 1986 TR6 and (7641) 1986 TT6. A distinguished observer of comets and minor planets, he has determined exact astrometric positions from photographic plates for many thousands of small Solar System bodies.
The main-belt asteroid 6717 Antal, discovered by German astronomers Freimut Börngen and Lutz Schmadel in 1990, is named in his honour.
# Jan Hamáček

Jan Hamáček (born 4 November 1978) is a Czech politician who was leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) from February 2018 until October 2021, and minister of the Interior from June 2018 to December 2021. He also served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2013 to 2017, and was acting minister of Foreign Affairs from June to October 2018 and from 12 to 21 April 2021. Hamáček was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 to 2021.

## Political career

Prior to his election to parliament, Hamáček worked as an adviser to two prime ministers, and as his party's International Secretary.
Hamáček was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 2006 elections. During his time in parliament, he has held the position of Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, headed the Czech delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and served on the Committee on European Affairs.
Hamáček became the leader of ČSSD in March 2018. In Andrej Babis' Second Cabinet, sworn in during June 2018, he was named Minister of the Interior, and also served as acting Minister of Foreign Affairs from June to October 2018. Miroslav Poche was originally nominated to be the minister, but due to President Miloš Zeman's refusal to swear him in, Hamáček was made acting foreign minister until the situation could be resolved. On 16 October 2018, Tomáš Petříček was named the new Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In August 2018, Hamáček helped negotiate the release of two workers from a German humanitarian group in Syria, and traveled to Damascus for the handover of the workers; the Czech Republic is the only country in Europe that maintains diplomatic relations with Syria.
In 2021, Seznam Zprávy [cs] reported that Hamáček was considering negotiating with Russia not to disclose evidence of Russia's involvement in the 2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions in exchange for 1 million doses of Sputnik V vaccine. Hamáček denied the accusation and said that he intended to sue the media outlet. The journalist, Janek Kroupa [cs], said that he had an audio recording.
After ČSSD's poor performance in the 2021 Czech legislative election, in which the party failed to meet the 5% voting threshold, Hamáček resigned as leader of the party. He left the party in June 2024, following another poor performance in the 2024 European Parliament election.

## Other activities

He is a Senior Network Member at the European Leadership Network (ELN).
# Jan Hansen (rower)

Jan Hansen (born 18 February 1970) is a Danish lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1992 World Rowing Championships in Montreal with the lightweight men's eight.
# James Vallance

James Vallance is the name of:
* Jim Vallance (born 1952), Canadian musician
* Jimmy Vallance, Scottish footballer
# Calameuta

Calameuta is a genus of insects belonging to the family Cephidae.
The genus was first described by Friedrich Wilhelm Konow in 1896.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and North America.
Species:
* Calameuta antigae (Konow, 1894)
* Calameuta aurea (Benson, 1935)
* Calameuta clavata
* Calameuta festiva Benson, 1954
* Calameuta filiformis (Eversmann, 1847)
* Calameuta filum (Gussakovskij, 1935)
* Calameuta grombczewskii (Jakowlew, 1891)
* Calameuta haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1781)
* Calameuta idolon (Rossi, 1794)
* Calameuta middlekauffi
* Calameuta moreana (Pic, 1916)
* Calameuta pallipes (Klug, 1803)
* Calameuta punctata (Klug, 1803)
* Calameuta tazzekae Lacourt, 1991
# Painted spurfowl

The painted spurfowl (Galloperdix lunulata) is a bird of the pheasant family found in rocky hill and scrub forests mainly in peninsular India. Males are more brightly coloured and spotted boldly in white. Males have two to four spurs while females can have one or two of the spurs on their tarsus. The species is found mainly in rocky and scrub forest habitats unlike the red spurfowl. It is found in the undergrowth in pairs or small groups, escaping by running and rarely taking to the wing when flushed.

## Description

This spurfowl is distinctive in having no bare facial skin as in the red spurfowl. The male has a black tail and ochre underparts that contrast with the darker upperparts. The plumage of the upper parts and the feathers have white spots edged with black. The head and neck of the male are black with a green sheen and finely spotted in white while the mantle, rump and wing coverts are chestnut. The female is much duller with a rufous brow and ear coverts. The throat is pale and spotted as in the male but the female lacks white spotting on the body. The bill and legs are dark grey, with two to four tarsal spurs on the male. Females can also have one or two spurs. The tail is sometimes carried upright.

## Distribution and habitat

The painted spurfowl is found in some parts of the Aravalli ranges in Rajasthan, the hills of central India (Pachmarhi) and the rocky hills and dry forest areas of southern India. They have also been recorded in the Nallamala region in the Andhra Pradesh Eastern Ghats. The habitat is drier than that of the red spurfowl. In parts of southern India, they are found in rocky hills with scrub slopes, a habitat that is also used by the yellow-throated bulbul.

## Behaviour and ecology

The painted spurfowlis found in pairs or small family parties of up to 6 individuals and tends to stay in the undergrowth, rarely taking to flight. The call is a loud repeated series of chuguk calls. They feed on berries (including Ziziphus oenoplia and Lantana camara) as well as insects and flowers (Madhuca longifolia); and visit waterholes in the early morning. The breeding season is January to June (mainly February, but chicks have been seen in August, after the rains, in parts of Rajasthan). Courtship involves the male offering food held in the bill to the hen. Spurfowl are as a genus thought to be monogamous. The nest is a scrape in the ground lined with leaves often located below a boulder. The clutch is three to four, rarely five, pale creamy eggs. Only the female incubates, but both parents take care of the chicks. They will use distraction displays to lead predators away from the chicks.
# Allensbach

Allensbach is a municipality in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Allensbach is located between Konstanz and Radolfzell on Lake Constance.

## Notable institution

Allensbach is known for being the home of the Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (also known as Allensbach Institute), one of the best known opinion-polling organizations in Germany.

## World heritage site

It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the, added in 2011, Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# Carla Jenson

Carla Jenson (born July 21, 1990) is an American female volleyball player. With her club Iowa Ice she competed at the 2013 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
# Conor Bowe

Conor Bowe is an Irish hurler who plays his club hurling for Moyne-Templetuohy and, at inter-county level, with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

## Career

Bowe made his debut for the Tipperary senior team on 26 February 2022 when he came on as a substitute and scored a point in the third round of the 2022 National Hurling League against Dublin. The match ended in a 0–21 to 2–16 defeat. He made his championship debut on 17 April 2022, starting against Waterford in the opening round of the 2022 Munster Hurling Championship.

## Honours
### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2019
* Munster Under-20 Hurling Championship (1): 2019

### Moyne-Templetuohy

* Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2021
# Computable measure theory

In mathematics, computable measure theory is the part of computable analysis that deals with effective versions of measure theory.
# Computable ordinal

In mathematics, specifically computability and set theory, an ordinal $\alpha$ is said to be computable or recursive if there is a computable well-ordering of a computable subset of the natural numbers having the order type $\alpha$.
It is easy to check that $\omega$ is computable. The successor of a computable ordinal is computable, and the set of all computable ordinals is closed downwards.
The supremum of all computable ordinals is called the Church–Kleene ordinal, the first nonrecursive ordinal, and denoted by $\omega _{1}^{\mathsf {CK}}$. The Church–Kleene ordinal is a limit ordinal. An ordinal is computable if and only if it is smaller than $\omega _{1}^{\mathsf {CK}}$. Since there are only countably many computable relations, there are also only countably many computable ordinals. Thus, $\omega _{1}^{\mathsf {CK}}$ is countable.
The computable ordinals are exactly the ordinals that have an ordinal notation in Kleene's ${\mathcal {O}}$.