OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Butcher

David John Butcher (born 19 September 1948) is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. He was a Cabinet minister in the Fourth Labour Government.

## Early life and family

Butcher was born in Brighton, England, on 19 September 1948, the son of Dorothy May Butcher (née Guppy) and Frank George Butcher. The family migrated to New Zealand in 1963, and he attended Karamu High School in Hastings with broadcaster Paul Holmes, and Victoria University of Wellington. While at Victoria, he was president of the Victoria University Labour Club. He graduated with an economics degree and became a member of the New Zealand Association of Economists. From 1972 to 1974, he worked as an economist in the Labour Department, Wellington. During 1974–75 he travelled overseas in Asia and Europe. From 1976 until 1978, he was a field officer for the Wellington Clerical Workers' Union and the New Zealand Labourers' Union in Hawke's Bay. He was a member of the Hawkes Bay Trade Council and its nominee on the council of the Hawkes Bay Community College.
Butcher became a naturalised New Zealand citizen in 1975, and in 1980, Butcher married Mary Georgina Hall.

## Political career

Butcher stood unsuccessfully for the seat of Hawkes Bay three times, in the 1969 election, 1972 election and 1975 election, before becoming an MP for the seat of Hastings in the 1978 election. Prior to entering parliament he was a member of the New Zealand Council of Labour Party. In 1983 he was appointed as Labour's spokesperson for State Insurance and the Government Life Office by Labour leader David Lange. In 1986 he represented the New Zealand government at an agricultural ministers conference in Hobart.
During the Fourth Labour Government, Butcher served as a Cabinet minister, with posts including Minister of Commerce, Minister of Energy, Minister of Trade and Industry and Postmaster-General. As Minister of Energy, Butcher had responsibility for ensuring that privatised utilities operated in a competitive environment, or were subjected to appropriate regulation. He was also associate Minister of Finance and mostly a supporter of the Rogernomics agenda of finance minister Roger Douglas. As Minister of Energy he sold the government-owned Petrocorp for $801 million to Rossport Investments Ltd on 31 March 1988.
He represented the Hastings electorate in Parliament until 1990, when he was defeated by National's Jeff Whittaker, one of a number of losses contributing to the fall of the Fourth Labour Government. His defeat was not expected with most expecting him to be re-elected with a reduced majority.
In 1990, Butcher was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.

## Life after politics

Since 1990, Butcher has been the manager of David Butcher and Associates (DBA), and has worked on assignments in several countries. He worked in a business consultancy deal with the Asian Development Bank. In 2000, he was fined $10,000 plus reparations, for fraudulently claiming expenses on airline tickets under a travel rebate scheme for former MPs.
# David Stover

David Stover may refer to:
* David Stover (racing driver)
* David Stover (politician)
# Danish International Development Agency

Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries. There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.
According to the OECD, Denmark’s total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 2.9 billion) increased in 2022 due to in-donor refugee costs. It represented 0.7% of gross national income (GNI). Most of Denmark’s official development assistance (ODA) is provided as bilateral co-operation, primarily to fragile partner countries in Africa.

## Origin of name

The organisation's name was originally DANAID. In Greek mythology, the Danaids were daughters of Danaus who killed their husbands and were condemned to fill a bathtub with water to wash away their sins. Because the buckets they were given to do this were actually sieves, they worked for all eternity in Tartarus without making any progress. For this reason, the aid agency's name was changed from DANAID to DANIDA at the last minute when this unfortunate connotation was discovered. The term Danida appeared in 1963.

## Overview

Denmark has been granting development assistance since the end of the Second World War. It is one of the five countries in the world that meets the United Nations' target of granting 0.7% of gross national income (GNI) in development assistance. In 2011 Denmark disbursed roughly DKK:15.753 billion (US$2.98 billion) in development assistance to countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Denmark's European Union neighbors. Furthermore, DANIDA works in collaboration with many Danish NGOs such as Global Medical Aid. According to the OECD, 2020 official development assistance from Denmark increased 0.5% to USD 2.6 billion.

## Focus areas

DANIDA focusses on four areas of interest:
* Human rights and democracy
* Green growth
* Social progress
* Stability and protection.
As of 2015, DANIDA was involved in a total of 73 countries and regions across the world, with 21 countries of high priority. Most of the priority countries are among the poorest of the world, located in Africa and Asia.
The sectors receiving the largest amount of financial bilateral support is government and civil society, and humanitarian aid, at roughly 28% and 14% respectively.
Most of the goals of DANIDA's projects gets fulfilled, with an annual success rate between 79% and 88% since 2005.

## History

Danish development assistance in the 1950s was nearly exclusively channeled through the United Nations. In 1962, Denmark established its first bilateral development assistance programme for developing countries under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2010, about 40% of Denmark’s bilateral assistance went to social sectors, including education and health. Danida also works in collaboration with the United Nations, the World Bank, regional development banks and the European Union.
# European Judaism (journal)

European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe is a biannual academic journal published by Berghahn Books in association with the Leo Baeck College and the Michael Goulston Education Foundation. It was established in 1968 and covers Judaism studies concerning Judaism in Europe. The editor-in-chief is Jonathan Magonet.

## Abstracting and indexing

European Judaism is indexed and abstracted in:
* ATLA Religion Database
* Educational Resources Information Center
* Index for Jewish Periodicals
* Index of Articles on Jewish Studies
* Infotrac
* International Bibliography of Periodical Literature
* International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences
* International Bibliography of Periodicals
* MLA International Bibliography
* Social Service Abstracts
* Sociological Abstracts
* TOC Premier
# Karin Collin

Karin Collin (1896-1966) was a Swedish politician (Centre Party) and writer.
She was the Chair of the Center women in 1939–1965.
She participated in a number of governmental investigations and commissions, often related to agriculture and health care. She had several political assignments state committees, on county- and on city level, although she did not manage to gather enough votes to get in to the national Parliament.
As a political, she focused on the rights of women in the countryside and worked to improve their circumstances, such as introducing a vacation for farmer women, issues she often lifted as a writer and contributor in her chronicle in the Jordbrukarnas Föreningsblad (Farmer's Association's Magazine) under the signature Unus.
# Indian alchemy

Indian alchemy may refer to:
* Rasayana
* History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent
# Indian carp

Indian carp or Indian major carp is a common name for several species of fish:
* Catla catla or catla. It is an economically important South Asian freshwater fish of the carp family
* Cirrhinus cirrhosus or mrigal, a ray-finned fish of the carp family native to rivers in India
* Labeo rohita, the rohu (rui), a fish of the carp family found in rivers in South Asia
# Indian cavalry

Indian cavalry is the name collectively given to the Midwestern and Eastern American Indians who fought during the American Civil War, most of them on horseback and for the Confederate States of America.

## Indian units in the CS Armed forces
### Cherokee Nation

* 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles – Col. (later Brigadier) Stand Watie, Col. John Drew
* Thomas' Legion / 69th North Carolina Infantry – Col. William H. Thomas
* Scales'/Fry's Battalion of Cherokee Cavalry
* Meyer's Battalion of Cherokee Cavalry
* Cherokee Battalion of Infantry
* 2nd Cherokee Artillery Battery
* Livingston's Cherokee Spikes

### Chickasaw Nation

* 1st Regiment of Chickasaw Infantry
* 1st Regiment of Chickasaw Cavalry – Col. William L. Hunter
* 1st Battalion, Chickasaw Cavalry (Shecoe's Btln., Chickasaw Mounted Volunteers) – Lt. Col. Joseph D. Harris, Lt. Col. Lemuel M. Reynolds, Lt. Col. Martin Shecoe

### Choctaw Nation

* 1st Regiment Choctaw & Chickasaw Mounted Rifles – Col. (later Brigadier) Douglas H. Cooper
* 1st Regiment of Choctaw Mounted Rifles
* 2nd Regiment of Choctaw Cavalry
* 3rd Regiment of Choctaw Cavalry
* Deneale's Regiment of Choctaw Warriors
* Folsom's Battalion of Choctaw Mounted Rifles
* Wilkins' Company of Choctaw Infantry – Cpt. John Wilkins

### Creek Nation

* 1st Creek Mounted Rifles – Col. Daniel N. McIntosh
* 2nd Creek Mounted Rifles – Lt. Col. Chilly McIntosh

### Seminole Nation

* 1st Battalion Seminole Mounted Volunteers
* 2nd Regiment Seminole Mounted Volunteers

### Others

* Osage Cavalry Battalion – Maj. Broken Arm

## Indian units in the US Armed forces
### Indian Home Guard

* 1st Regiment, Indian Home Guard
* 2nd Regiment, Indian Home Guard – Col. John Ritchie
* 3rd Regiment, Indian Home Guard – Col. William A. Phillips
* 4th Regiment, Indian Home Guard
# Impressions of the Middle East

Impressions of the Middle East is an album by American jazz flautist Herbie Mann recorded for the Atlantic label and released in 1967.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic awarded the album 4½ stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Herbie Mann except as indicated
* "Turkish Coffee" - 5:00
* "Incense" - 7:18
* "Odalisque" (Arif Mardin) - 7:40
* "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" (Ellie Greenwich, Jeff Barry) - 2:36
* "Uskudar" (Traditional; arranged by Arif Mardin) - 3:37
* "The Oud and the Pussycat" - 5:03
* "Yavuz" (Traditional; arranged by Arif Mardin) - 4:36
* "Dance of the Semites" - 4:27
* "Eli Eli" (Traditional; arranged by Torrie Zito) - 3:56
* Recorded in New York City on March 7, 1966 (tracks 5, 7 & 8), March 22, 1966 (tracks 4 & 6), April 5, 1966 (track 9) and November 9, 1966 (tracks 1-3)

## Personnel

* Herbie Mann - flutes
* Jimmy Owens - trumpet, flugelhorn (tracks 4-9)
* Joseph Orange, Julian Priester - trombone (tracks 4 & 6)
* Hachig Thomas Kazarian - clarinet (tracks 4-8)
* Mohammed Elakkad - zither (tracks 4-8)
* Chick Ganimian - oud (tracks 1-8)
* Gloria Agostini - harp (track 9)
* Roy Ayers - vibraphone (tracks 1-3)
* Attila Zoller - guitar (tracks 4 & 6)
* Richard Davis (track 9), Reggie Workman (tracks 4-8) - bass
* Bruno Carr (tracks 1-8), Mel Lewis (track 9) - drums
* Moulay "Ali" Hafid (tracks 5, 7 & 8), Robert Marashlian (tracks 5, 7 & 8), Carlos "Patato" Valdes (tracks 1-4, 6 & 9), Phil Kraus (track 9), Hachig Thomas Kazarian (tracks 1-3), Geraldine Swee (tracks 1-3) - percussion
* Aaron Rosand, Alan Shulman, Alfred Brown, Anahid Ajemian, Bernard Eichen, Charles Libove, Charles McCracken, David Mankowitz, David Nadien, Emanuel Vardi, George Ockner, George Ricci, Jack Zayde, Karen Tuttle, Leo Kahn, Leo Kruczek, Marvin Morgenstern, Max Pollikoff, Raoul Poliakin, Sylvan Shulman, Tosha Samaroff - strings (track 9)
* Arif Mardin, Torrie Zito - arranger, conductor

### Technical

* Bruce Tergesen, Phil Iehle, Tom Dowd - engineer
* Marvin Israel - design
# Impressive

Impressive may refer to:
* Impressive (horse), an Appendix American Quarter Horse (1969–1995)
* Impressive dagger moth or Acronicta impressa, a moth of the family Noctuidae
* Impressive syndrome or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, a genetic disorder that occurs in horses and humans

## Music

* Impressive (album), a 1992 studio album by Japanese jazz fusion band T-Square
* "Impressive Instant", a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her 2000 studio album Music
* Be Impressive, the debut studio album by Australian indie rock band The Griswolds

## Computer programs

* Impressive (presentation program), a simple and open source presentation program (PDF documents, LaTeX slides, digital images)
# Independence Party

Independence Party may refer to:

## Active parties
### Outside United States

* Independence Party (Egypt)
* Estonian Independence Party
* Independence Party (Finland)
* Independence Party (Iceland)
* Independence Party (Mauritius)
* Independence Party (Morocco)
* Puerto Rican Independence Party
* UK Independence Party

### United States

* Alaskan Independence Party
* United Independent Party, Massachusetts
* Independence Party of Minnesota
* Independence Party of New York

## Former parties

* Independence (Israeli political party)
* Independence Party (Lithuania)
* Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
* Independence Party (Mauritius)
* Irish Independence Party, Northern Ireland
* Korea Independence Party, South Korea
* Independence Party (United States)
* Independence Party of America, U.S.
* Independence Party (Victoria)
* Taiwan Independence Party
* Swatantra Party (Independence Party), India (1959–1974)
* Sikkim Swatantra Dal (Sikkim Independence Party), Sikkim, India (1958–1975)
# Indianapolis 500 Legends

Indianapolis 500 Legends is a racing game recounting the history of the Indianapolis 500. Players take on the roles of various famous racers between 1961 and 1971, completing tasks such as overtaking a specified number of cars or qualifying under a set time. Some missions will change the course of history, such as guiding Parnelli Jones to victory in 1967 when historically, in the 197th lap, a faulty bearing ground his car to a halt. The option is also given to race the full 200 laps. Players are also able to unlock three different '500' racers as they complete their missions under Mission Mode. Some of the missions are: 'epic', 'pit stop', 'race', 'battle', 'qualify', 'dodge' and 'pass'.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | DS | Wii |
| Metacritic | 51/100 | 47/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | DS | Wii |
| GamePro | N/A | |
| GamesRadar+ | N/A | |
| GameZone | 6.3/10 | 3/10 |
| IGN | 5/10 | 5.8/10 |
| Nintendo World Report | 4.5/10 | 3.5/10 |
The DS version received "mixed" reviews, while the Wii version received "generally unfavorable reviews", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# In the Grip of Official Treason

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In the Grip of Official Treason is the ninth spoken word album from Jello Biafra. It was released on 24 October 2006.

## Track listing

Disc 1
Disc 2
Disc 3

## Personnel

* Steve Austin – engineer
* Terry Campbell – contribution
* George Carlin – author
* Paul Dickerson - contribution
* Dennis Kane – engineer
* Marshall Lawless – producer
* John Yates – layout design, imaging
# In the Grip of Terror

In the Grip of Terror is an anthology of horror short stories edited by Groff Conklin. It was first published in paperback by Permabooks in 1951.
The book collects twenty-two novellas, novelettes, and short stories by various authors, together with an introduction by the editor. The stories were previously published from 1842-1950 in various magazines.

## Contents

* "Introduction" by Groff Conklin
* "The Last Kiss" by Maurice Level
* "The Illustrated Man" by Ray Bradbury
* "The Upturned Face" by Stephen Crane
* "The Incredible Elopement of Lord Peter Wimsey" by Dorothy L. Sayers
* "The Horror-Horn" by E. F. Benson
* "Night Drive" by Will F. Jenkins
* "In the Vault" by H. P. Lovecraft
* "The Diary of a Madman" by Guy de Maupassant
* "The Tool" by William F. Harvey
* "Bianca's Hands" by Theodore Sturgeon
* "The Cross of Carl" by Walter Owen
* "Hathor's Pets" by Margaret St. Clair
* "A Terribly Strange Bed" by Wilkie Collins
* "The Well" by W. W. Jacobs
* "Revenge" by Samuel Blas
* "The Pit and the Pendulum" by Edgar Allan Poe
* "Macklin's Little Friend" by H. W. Guernsey
* "The Easter Egg" by H. H. Munro
* "Problem in Murder" by H. L. Gold
* "The Moth" by H. G. Wells
* "A Resumed Identity" by Ambrose Bierce
* "Bubbles" by Wilbur Daniel Steele
# Charles Mathieu Schols

Charles Mathieu Schols (28 March 1849, in Maastricht – 17 March 1897, in Delft) was a Dutch surveyor, mathematician and pioneer of geodesy. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
# Ferric oxalate

Ferric oxalate, also known as iron(III) oxalate, refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Fe$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$(H$_2$O)$_x$ but could also refer to salts of [Fe(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$]$^{3-}$. Fe$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$(H$_2$O)$_x$ are coordination polymers with varying degrees of hydration. The coordination complex with the formula [Fe(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$]$^{3-}$ forms a variety of salts, a well-known example being potassium ferrioxalate. This article emphasizes the coordination polymers.

## Structure
### Tetrahydrate

According to X-ray crystallography of the tetrahydrate Fe$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ · 4 H$_2$O, iron is octahedral. The oxalate ligands are bridging. Some through all four oxygen atoms, some with two oxygen atoms. Half of the water is lattice water, being situated between chains of Fe oxalates. Mössbauer spectrum of Fe$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ · 4 H$_2$O exhibits an isomer shift of 0.38 mm/s and a quadrupole splitting of 0.40 mm/s, suggesting a high spin Fe$^{3+}$ in octahedral coordination.

## Production

Ferric oxalate may be produced by reaction of iron(III) hydroxide and solution of oxalic acid:
    2Fe(OH)$_3$ + 3H$_2$C$_2$O$_4$ → Fe$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ + 6H$_2$O

## Uses
### Dentistry

Like many oxalates, ferric oxalate has been investigated as a short-term treatment for dentin hypersensitivity. It is used in certain toothpaste formulations; however, its effectiveness has been questioned.

### Photography

Ferric oxalate is used as the light-sensitive element in the Kallitype photographic printing process; and the platinotype process Platinum/Palladium Printing.

### Batteries

Ferric oxalate tetrahydrate has been investigated as a possible cheap material for the positive electrode of lithium-iron batteries. It can intercalate lithium ions at an average potential of 3.35 V, and has shown a sustainable capacity of 98 mAh/g.

### Organic synthesis

Ferric oxalate hexahydrate is used with sodium borohydride for radical Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization reactions of alkenes.
# Danish International Logistical Center

The Danish International Logistical Center (DANILOG) was established in 2001 as a regimental-level logistics unit that is part of the Danish Army Operational Command. It was based out of Vordingborg Kaserne.
DANILOG was part of Denmark's efforts to provide better administrative and logistical support to its personnel deployed abroad as part of humanitarian operations such as Implementation Force (IFOR), United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), as well as combat environments such as the Danish Contingent/Iraq (Dancon).
IFOR is a NATO-led multinational force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. UNPROFOR is the first UN peacekeeping force in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslavian civil war. UNMEE was established in July 2000 to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. DANILOG also supported combat environments like the Iraq theater of operations.
# Pseumenes

Pseumenes is an Indomalayan, Australian and Palearctic genus of potter wasps.
# Karp

Karp may refer to:

## Places

* Karp, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-east Poland
* Karp, Lublin Voivodeship, in east Poland

## People

* Karp (surname)
* Karp Khachvankyan (1923–1998), Armenian actor and director

## Other uses

* KARP-FM, a radio station in Dassel, Minnesota, United States
* Karp (band), an American 1990s rock band
* Karp class submarine, ordered in 1904 by the Russian Empire, also the namesake submarine in the class
* Korean Association of Retired Persons, a non-governmental organization affiliated with the United Nations
# Field Township

Field Township may refer to:
* Field Township, Jefferson County, Illinois
* Field Township, Minnesota
* Field, Ontario
# Live Phish Downloads: Headphones Jam

Headphones Jam is an in-studio improvisational jam session by the American rock band Phish, recorded during sessions for the band's 2004 album Undermind.
Like The Siket Disc and The Victor Disc (unreleased), the Headphones Jam provides a snapshot of Phish's creative process during a particular period in the band's recording career. The Headphones Jam is unique because the session was released in its unedited entirety.
The Jam was recorded with producer Tchad Blake in The Barn, frontman Trey Anastasio's studio, and so named because it was captured while the monitors (in this case headphones) settings were dialed in for the session. Two excerpts from the Headphones Jam were used for the Undermind album: "Maggie's Revenge" and "Tiny" (an internet-only bonus track).
The Jam was first presented in November 2006 to the winner of the Phish / Sirius "Live in Brooklyn" Barn Tour Contest. The contest winner was given the option to hold on to the track or share it with the rest of the community. The winner decided to make the jam available to the public and asked LivePhish.com to help distribute it, requesting that proceeds be donated to a designated charity, the Ocean's Harbor House.
The Headphones Jam won the Jammy Award for Download of the Year, 2008.
This studio jam is available as a download in FLAC and MP3 formats at LivePhish.com.

## Track listing

* "Headphones Jam" (Anastasio, Fishman, Gordon, McConnell) - 47:32

## Personnel

Phish
* Trey Anastasio - guitars, vocals
* Page McConnell - piano, organ, vocals
* Mike Gordon - bass, vocals
* Jon Fishman - drums, vocals
# Piano Quintet No. 2

Piano Quintet No. 2 may refer to:
* Piano Quintet No. 2 (Dvořák)
* Piano Quintet No. 2 (Farrenc)
* Piano Quintet No. 2 (Fauré)
# SS Marama

The SS Marama was an ocean liner belonging to the Union Company of New Zealand from 1907 to 1937. It was a hospital ship in WWI as His Majesty's New Zealand Hospital Ship No. 2.

## History

Built by Caird & Company at Greenock at a cost of £166,000 ($332,000), the SS Marama arrived at Port Chalmers in November 1907. It was the largest and most powerful ship (though not the fastest) in the USS Co fleet. Initially, it sailed on the Horseshoe run to Australia, and occasionally in trans-Pacific services. After war service, it was refitted (1920) for the trans-Pacific services to San Francisco or Vancouver. In 1925, it was converted to burn oil, and employed on the Tasman run.
The ship was sold to Shanghai shipbreakers the Linghua Dock & Engineering Works Ltd in 1937, then resold to Kobe shipbreakers Miyachi K.K.K. (who had also purchased the Maheno) and was broken up at their Osaka shipyard in 1938.
Marama Hall at the University of Otago is named after the liner, commemorating medical personnel who served aboard the two New Zealand hospital ships in World War I.