OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crow Road railway station

Crow Road railway station was located in Glasgow, Scotland and served the Broomhill and Hyndland areas of that city.
On the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway it was located on the road from which it took its name and sat to the north of a tunnel which connected it with Partick West railway station. The line ran on to Kelvinside railway station. This route went underneath the present day Hyndland railway station, which opened the day before Crow Road closed, on the present Argyle and North Clyde lines.

## Route

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Partick West Line and station closed | | Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway operated by Caledonian Railway | | Kelvinside Line and station closed |
| Whiteinch Riverside Line and station closed | | Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway operated by Caledonian Railway | | Kelvinside Line and station closed |
# Muntean

Muntean is a Romanian language surname. (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈte̯an]). When transliterated from Russian, it may be spelled as Muntyan.
It is commonly found in Romania and Moldova and literally translates as "highlander".
Notable people with the name include:
* Andrei Muntean (born 1993), Romanian artistic gymnast
* Iurie Muntean (born 1972), Moldovan politician
* Markus Muntean (born 1962), Austrian artist
* Paul Muntean (born 1984), Romanian bobsledder
* Petru Muntean, Moldovan politician
* Radu Muntean (born 1971), Romanian film director and screenwriter
* Victoria Muntean (born 1997), French tennis player
* Volodymyr Muntyan (born 1946), Soviet footballer
# Cuba national cricket team

The Cuba national cricket team was the team that represented the Republic of Cuba in international cricket. The team was organised by the Cuban Cricket Commission (CCC), which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2002. However, the CCC had its membership revoked in 2013 for failing to adhere to ICC guidelines, so the team's current status is unclear.
A Cuban representative team was assembled as early as 1952, when the Jamaica national cricket team toured. However, the popularity of the sport (played mainly by Afro-Cubans descended from West Indian sugar workers), diminished rapidly after the Cuban Revolution, and the game was not revived until the late 1990s. Cuba was invited to participate in the 2008 edition of the Stanford 20/20, and was drawn to play Sint Maarten in its preliminary round match. However, the U.S. embargo meant the team was forced to withdraw, as the tournament's primary organiser, Allen Stanford, was an American citizen. Despite the match being cancelled, it was still given the status of an official Twenty20 match. An eight-match tour of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was arranged as a replacement for the Stanford tournament, and Cuba won 2 of the 8 matches. Cuba were also invited to the 2010 Americas Championship Division Four tournament, played in Mexico, but again had to withdraw, having been prevented from leaving the country by the Cuban government.
# Cuba national under-18 baseball team

The Cuba national under-18 baseball team is the national under-18 team representing Cuba in international baseball competitions. The organization is currently ranked 9th in the world by the World Baseball Softball Confederation. They compete in the bi-annual U-18 Baseball World Cup. They have won the tournament a leading 11 times.
# Mulgrave, New South Wales

Mulgrave is a suburb in the north west of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. It is a predominantly industrial and commercial area.

## History

The district was settled in the period between 1794 and 1800. Lieutenant-Governor Grose named the locality 'Mulgrave Place' honouring Constantine Phipps, the second Baron Mulgrave, who had died in 1792. Baron Mulgrave had been an English naval officer and statesman and a colleague and friend of Joseph Banks.

## Transport

Mulgrave railway station is on the Richmond railway line. It is four stations from the terminus station at Richmond. Mulgrave station is 53 kilometres (33 mi) from Sydney's Central Station, which takes approximately 1 hour 6 minutes to travel by train during peak hour. The station along with the arrival of a steam train features in The Seekers at Home TV special, 1968. Filmed as the setting for the song "Angeline is always Friday", steam hauled services ceased to operate shortly afterwards.

## Demographics

Mulgrave's population is 78 (2021 census). It had a median weekly household income of $1,812, which is above the national average of $1,746.
# Charles Pawsey

Sir Charles Ridley Pawsey CSI CIE MC* (14 July 1894 – 21 July 1972) was a British colonial administrator.

## Biography

Pawsey was born in Surbiton, Surrey, the second son of Charles James Pawsey and Ellen Edith Pawsey. His father was Paymaster In Chief of the Royal Navy. He was educated at Berkhamsted School and Wadham College, Oxford where he graduated with a BA. He was commissioned into the Worcestershire Regiment in 1914 and won the Military Cross as a second lieutenant (temporary Lieutenant) in 1916 and bar as a second lieutenant (temporary captain) the next year. He was promoted captain in 1917 and relinquished his Territorial Army commission on 30 September 1921.
Pawsey joined the Indian Civil Service in 1919. He was appointed Assistant Commissioner in Assam in 1919, becoming Director of Land Records in 1932. He was made a Deputy Commissioner in 1935 and was District Commissioner, Naga Hills during the Burma campaigns of 1942 to 1944. Pawsey's bungalow and tennis court were the place where the British Fourteenth Army finally turned the tide of the war against the Japanese during the Burma Campaign of World War II at the Battle of Kohima. The part of this battle centred on his bungalow was known as the Battle of the Tennis Court. Showing great bravery and loyalty to the local Naga people, Pawsey refused to leave Kohima during the siege by the Japanese that lasted from 5th to 20th April 1944, and did what he could to bolster morale and support Colonel Richards the garrison commander. The Nagas remained completely loyal to him and by way of thanks their tribal leaders were introduced to Lord Mountbatten at Kohima in August 1944.
Prior to his return to Britain following India's independence, Pawsey wrote in the Naga Nation, underlining that autonomy within the Indian Union was the more prudent course to follow. For, "Independence will mean: tribal warfare, no hospitals, no schools, no salt, no trade with the plains and general unhappiness". He was knighted on 14 August 1947, (part of the 1948 New Year Honours) and he retired 1948. In his later years, he lived at The Priory, Badingham, Woodbridge, Suffolk until his death on 21 July 1972.

## Family

In 1954, when he was about 60 years old, Sir Charles married Rita, the widow of Hugh Ingle Halliday.
# Cucujomyces elegans

Cucujomyces elegans is a species of fungus in the family Laboulbeniaceae. It is found in Argentina.
# Culion tree squirrel

The Culion tree squirrel (Sundasciurus moellendorffi) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
# Cross-stringing

Cross-stringing (sometimes called overstringing) is a method of arranging piano strings inside the case of a piano so that the strings are placed in a vertically overlapping slanted arrangement, with two heights of bridges on the soundboard instead of just one. This permits larger, but not necessarily longer, strings to fit within the case of the piano. The invention of cross-stringing in the 1820s is variously credited to Alpheus Babcock and Jean-Henri Pape. The first use of the patent in grand pianos in the United States was by Henry Steinway Jr. in 1859. In the late 19th century, cross-stringing gradually took the place of straight-stringing, in which all the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard and do not overlap.
The advantages of cross-stringing is that the case of the piano can be smaller, the bass strings can be longer and the placement of the bass strings is in the center of the piano case, where they receive more resonance than when placed at the side.
Cross-stringing used to criticized by some as producing a "murky" sound due to the sustain pedal being used improperly, but that was addressed by learning how to use the sustain pedal properly. According to the pianist Gwendolyn Mok, "If you look inside your own piano, you will notice that the strings are all crossing each other. With the straight strung piano you get distinct registral differences--almost like listening to a choir where you have the bass, tenor, alto, and soprano voices. It is very clear and there is no blending or homogenizing of the sound."
Some Challen pianos made in the 1920s are "double overstrung", where the strings are at 3 different heights and cross over in 2 different locations.
# Murphy O. Shewchuk

Murphy Orlando Shewchuk is a Canadian writer. He is a past National President of the Canadian Authors Association. He currently resides in Merritt, BC.
He grew up in the British Columbia gold-mining town of Pioneer Mines during the late 1950s. He developed a triple interest in outdoor exploration, photography and electronics while still a teenager. After a stint in the Royal Canadian Air Force in eastern Canada, he and his family moved back to B.C. for a job in electronics with writing and photography as major side interests.
In 1971, his work took him to Kamloops, British Columbia, where he began writing a weekly "Outdoor Scene" column for the Kamloops Sentinel. From the column, he moved on to features in BC Outdoors and other magazines.
Shewchuk has also been managing editor of the 12th and 13th editions of The Canadian Writer's Guide, published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside of Toronto, Ontario.
In addition to a lifelong interest in writing, photography and exploring the mountains of western Canada, Shewchuk has been a workshop speaker at writer's conferences across Canada. He has received awards from the Outdoor Writers of Canada, the Northwest Outdoor Writers Association and the Canadian Authors Association.
He is one of the founding members and a current board member of the Nicola Valley Museum and Archives.

## Publications

* Exploring Kamloops Country (1973) Back country exploring in the Kamloops area.
* Fur, Gold & Opals (1975) Rockhounding, history and back country exploring.
* Exploring the Nicola Valley (1981) A guide to Merritt and the Nicola Valley.
* Cariboo
* The Craigmont Story (1983) The history of a mid 20th century copper mine.
* Backroads Explorer Vol. 1: Thompson-Cariboo (1985) Lytton to Barkerville.
* Backroads Explorer Vol. 2: Similkameen & South Okanagan (1988) Manning Park to Kelowna.
* Coquihalla Country: An Outdoor Recreation Guide (1990) Hope - Merritt - Kamloops.
* Okanagan Country: An Outdoor Recreation Guide. (1992) Osoyoos to the Shuswap.
* Coquihalla Country: A Guide to the North Cascade Mountains and the Nicola Valley (Complete update - 1997).
* Okanagan Trips & Trails: A Guide to Backroads and Hiking Trails in BC's Okanagan-Similkameen Region (co-authored with Judie Steeves in 1999).
# Municipal Corporation Building, Erode

The Municipal Corporation Buildings, Erode is the seat of the Erode Municipal Corporation and is situated near Panneer selvam Park, in the middle of Erode city, Tamil Nadu, India.

## The building

Erode Municipal Council came into existence in 1872 and was elevated to Special Grade during the year 1980 and upgraded as a Municipal Corporation with effect from the very first of the year 2008.
Starting from the earlier administration of the City, this building is the place for council that is being elected. It is a four storeyed building near PS Park in normal Indian style architecture.
Later after upgradation into Corporation, the Council is expanding the complex with an additional five-storeyed building, in the place of Museum. The work on constructing additional building is nearing completion, apart from the modernisation of the Old building.
The New Extension of the building will house the Council Hall, Office of the Commissioners, Engineers and it will house the Town Planning officer and health officers.

### Corporation Memorial Pillar

The main attraction of the building was the Corporation Memorial Pillar built in front. This was installed by the same Erode Municipal Corporation in memorandum of the upgradation of Erode Municipal Council into a Corporation. The Pillar is a modern architecture with Granite stones of about 50feet high. There is a Clock mounted on all the four sides of the Pillar, like a clock tower. Also, at the top of the pillar, is the four-lion capital, the model of Asoka's Pillars.
# Muradpur Dona

Muradpur Dona is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Muradpur Dona. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Muradpur Dona has 4 houses with the total population of 15 persons of which 7 are male and 8 females. Literacy rate of Muradpur Dona is 66.67%, lower than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children in the age group 0–6 years is 0 which is 0.00% of the total population. Child sex ratio is 0, lower than the state average of 846.

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 4 | - | - |
| Population | 15 | 7 | 8 |
| Child (0-6) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Schedule Caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 66.67 % | 71.43 % | 62.50 % |
| Total Workers | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Main Worker | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Cult of Jester

Cult of Jester was the music project of West Lafayette-based composer Ed Finkler. The project combined elements of breakbeat, drum and bass, EBM and hip hop into sample-based composition. Cult of Jester released two albums for Flaming Fish: Funkatron (1998) and Golgo 13 (2000).

## History

Cult of Jester composer Ed Finkler started out performing music while in college as a vocalist and drum programmer in the group Manhole Vortex. He began composing as a solo artist in and in 1993 recorded a demo tape as Bubblegum Crisis. In 1994 Finkler recorded his first demo as Cult of Jester which contained V1 and V2 of the "Master" composition and showcased his cartoon sampling technique. He continued to explore sample-based composition and the same year released another demo with V3 of "Master". In 1997 Cult of Jester released the EP Winky Dink and You and "John Carpenter", a song that samples from The X-Files, on the Awaiting the Dawn various artists compilation by Flaming Fish/Velvet Empire.
Cult of Jester released a debut studio album titled Funkatron on Flaming Fish Music in 1998. His second album titled Golgo 13 was released in 2000 and showcased a more guitar oriented sound. The compilation G13 LTD Demo + Remixes was released later that year. Since 1999 Finkler has been composing electronic music as Dead Agent, an instrumental project without vocals, and in 2009 released a collection of its recorded work titled Rehabilitation. In 2017 Funkatron was re-released with remastered audio and five unreleased tracks from various compilations.

## Discography

Studio albums
* Funkatron (1998, Flaming Fish)
* Golgo 13 (2000, Flaming Fish)
Extended play
* Winky Dink and You (1997, Flaming Fish)
Compilation albums
* G13 LTD Demo + Remixes (2000)
# Cumberland, Ontario (disambiguation)

Cumberland, Ontario may refer to:
* Cumberland, Ontario, a former township that has been amalgamated into the city of Ottawa, Canada
** Cumberland, Ottawa, a village located within the above
* Cumberland Beach, a community located in Severn, Ontario
# Cumberland, Ottawa

Cumberland is an unincorporated village on the Ottawa River in Cumberland Ward, in the city of Ottawa. It was part of the historic Township of Cumberland. In 1999, the township became the short lived City of Cumberland which amalgamated into the City of Ottawa in 2001. While the community of Cumberland was located in the City of Cumberland, it only made up a small percentage of the population of the city.
Cumberland is bounded by Regional Road 174 and the Ottawa River to the north, Colonial Road to the southeast, Innes Road to the southwest, and Trim Road to the west.
There are 6.1 total recreational sites per 1,000 people in Cumberland.

## History

Cumberland was founded in 1802 when United Empire Loyalists, Abijah and Elizabeth Dunning, their son and daughter-in-law, Zalmon and Debora, and their children settled along the river at Cumberland. Grand-daughter Matilda married Amable Foubert, son of Gabriel Foubert who operated and independent fur trading post where the Lièvre River flows into the Ottawa River. The early settlement was known first as Foubertville, then as Osborne. In 1864, Postmaster George Gibb Dunning, a grandson of Abijah, changed the name to Cumberland. Due to the commerce from two wharves, several gristmills, sawmills, woolen mills, match factories and seven stores, the village of Cumberland flourished until the late 1890s. In 1907, the Canadian Northern Railway established an Ottawa−Hawkesbury line that stopped at Cumberland's train station until 1936.
45°31′00″N 75°24′30″W﻿ / ﻿45.51667°N 75.40833°W﻿ / 45.51667; -75.40833
# Chase Lake

Chase Lake is a 2,053 acres (8.31 km$^2$), shallow lake in Stutsman County, North Dakota. It is the focal point of several protected areas administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geographical Survey. It is known as one of the largest nesting areas for the American white pelican.

## Characteristics

Chase Lake has an area of 2,053 acres (8.31 km$^2$). It is about 2 miles (3.2 km) long and round in shape. It is usually considered shallow, but the water level varies seasonally. There is no outflow for the lake. It is highly alkaline.
In 1926, the lake was described as being "so strongly alkaline that white salts were piled up six inches deep in some places along its shores." Since 1993, water levels have been consistently rising due to heavier precipitation. As a result, island topography in the lake has been changing, and the water has been steadily becoming less alkaline.
There are two main islands of the lake. One is 9 acres (36,000 m$^2$), the other 7 acres (28,000 m$^2$). Depending on the water level, smaller islands may surface.

## Ecology

Chase Lake is home to one of the largest breeding colonies of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) in North America. The pelican nesting grounds at Chase Lake were first documented in 1863. After a burst of human settlement starting in 1872, the pelicans were nearly hunted to extirpation. The population was down to 50 individuals in 1905.
Gulls and double-crested cormorants are common birds that also nest at the lake.
In 1926, it was observed that no reeds or rushes grew in the lake, and there were no trees around the water. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina), brine flies (of the genus Ephydra), and water boatmen (of the family Corixidae) can be found at the lake. Formerly known for its lack of any aquatic vertebrate life, the lake now supports populations of tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).

## Administration and land management

There are several areas managed by agencies of the United States government for the purpose of protecting wildlife at Chase Lake and the greater Prairie Pothole Region.
Chase Lake is fully encompassed within the 1,776 hectare Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge, part of the greater Arrowwwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex. 1,683 hectares (4,160 acres) of the refuge was designated as the Chase Lake Wilderness in 1975. An additional 1,148 hectares (2,840 acres) adjacent to the Chase Lake NWR is owned and managed as the Chase Lake Wildlife Management Area by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department.
The surrounding 140,000 acres (570 km$^2$) are administered as the Chase Lake Wetland Management District. Of this, 44,000 acres (180 km$^2$) are actively conserved through 136 waterfowl production areas. Furthermore, the Chase Lake Prairie Project is 5,500,000 acres (22,000 km$^2$) of land over 11 counties of North Dakota designated for improvement of habitat and wetland restoration efforts. This is predominantly on private land.
# Chase Lake (Itasca County, Minnesota)

Chase Lake is a lake in Itasca County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Chase Lake was named for Jonathan Chase, a businessperson in the lumber industry.
# Chaturtha

Chaturtha is the biggest community (endogamous group) of Digambara Jains.
Chaturthas are spread over southern and western Maharashtra and northern Karnataka.
Chaturths are bilingual, they were originally Kannada speakers, but now speak Marathi at home.
Maharashtra has the largest population of Jains of any single state in India.
Agriculture was traditionally the primary occupation among Chaturthas, but the increase in education has allowed them to branch out into fields such as teaching, medicine, business, industries, government and private services. Some of them have been Kasar.

## Religious head

Bhattarka Jinasena of the Nadani and Kolhapur Jain Math of Sena Gana lineage, has traditionally served as the religious authority among the Chaturthas.

## Religious organizations

The Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha is a religious and social service organization of the Jains of South India. The organization is headquartered at Sangli, Maharashtra, India. The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India. The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa.
# Musemić

Musemić is a Bosnian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Husref Musemić (born 1961), Bosnian footballer and manager
* Vahidin Musemić (1946–2023), Bosnian footballer
# Cumieira

Cumieira is a civil parish in the municipality of Santa Marta de Penaguião, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,146, in an area of 11.07 km$^2$.
# Muraleetharan Papers

The Muraleetharan Papers are a collection of philatelic research documents by George Muraleetharan in eleven volumes that form part of the British Library Philatelic Collections. The papers relate to British Commonwealth postage stamps including: "...the 1935 Silver Jubilee issue, the 1937 Coronation issue, the 1947 Victory or Peace issue, 1953 Coronation issue, the Royal portraits for the issues of George V, George VI and Elizabeth II, correspondence relating to security printers, the Royal Mint Archives, De La Rue Archives, and Australian issues in the Australian Archives."
# Curtitoma niigataensis

Curtitoma niigataensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Sea of Japan.
# Cub Run, Kentucky

Cub Run is an unincorporated community in Hart County, Kentucky, United States. It was also known as The Crossroads.

## History

There are several anecdotal explanations for how the place received its name; some involve stories of a bear cub running. In fact in southeastern jargon a "run" is a creek (e.g. "Battle of Bull Run"), and Cub Run is a creek which is a tributary of the Green River on the northern edge of Mammoth Cave National Park, and has its origin in the village of Cub Run. The species of cub is lost in history but very likely a bear cub given the proximity of other creeks such as Bear Creek and Bar Brook.

## Geography

Cub Run is located at the junction of Kentucky Routes 88 and 728 (KY 88 and KY 728) in western Hart County.

## Education

Students in Cub Run attend Hart County Schools, including Hart County High School in Munfordville. Cub Run Elementary is located on KY 728 on the south side of the community.

## In popular culture

The indie rock band Eleventh Dream Day recorded their 1991 album Lived to Tell in a tobacco barn on the Niland's farm in Cub Run.