OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herpothallon tricolor

Herpothallon tricolor is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in South Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2017. It is distinguished from others species in genus Herpothallon by its unique colouration: a combination of a grey thallus with a bright red hypothallus and orange-tipped pseudoisidia.

## Taxonomy

Herpothallon tricolor was identified and described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The species epithet tricolor was assigned because of the distinct three-coloured appearance of the lichen's body. Its type specimen was found by the authors in the Parque Estadual Acaraípt [pt] (São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina).
The genus Herpothallon was reintroduced by Aptroot and his colleagues in 2009 to include a group of mostly sterile lichens. Over the years, several species have been added to this genus, primarily discovered in tropical regions of Afro-Eurasia.

## Description

Herpothallon tricolor is characterized by a corticolous, or bark-dwelling, thallus, which is the vegetative body of the lichen. It features a whitish-grey hue, with a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm and can spread up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter. Unique to this species is a bright red underlayer, or hypothallus, and margin, along with orange pseudoisidia in the centre of the thallus. Pseudoisidia are outgrowths that help in the reproduction and dispersal of the lichen. What sets Herpothallon tricolor apart from other species within the same genus is the unique combination of a grey thallus with a bright red hypothallus and orange-tipped pseudoisidia. This distinct set of characteristics was acknowledged in the field, even before its formal description.
This lichen is devoid of ascomata and pycnidia, reproductive structures found in many other lichen species. Two distinctive lichen products, chiodectonic acid and confluentic acid, are found in Herpothallon tricolor.

## Habitat and distribution

Herpothallon tricolor is found on tree bark within the restinga ecosystems, a type of coastal forest common in Brazil. The species is currently only known to occur in its type locality in Brazil.
# Pádraic Kelly

Padraic Kelly is a former Gaelic football goalkeeper who played for Offaly from 1994 to 2009.
He played with the Offaly inter-county team from 1994 to 2009 and with his club Shamrocks. He was part of the historic Offaly team that won the Leinster Senior Football Championship in 1997 and the National Football League in 1998.
His brother Séamus was also a keeper for UCD, Cardiff City, St Patrick's Athletic and Longford Town.
# Compañeros (TV series)

Compañeros (lit. 'Companions') is a Spanish teen drama television series. Produced by Globomedia, it aired on Antena 3 from 1998 to 2002.

## Premise

The fiction follows the mishaps of a group of teenagers studying for the Bachillerato at the Instituto Azcona.

## Cast

* Eva Santolaria as Valle Bermejo.
* Antonio Hortelano as Quimi Verdet.
* Lara de Miguel [es] as Sara Antón.
* Nicolás Belmonte as Eloy Rubio.
* Julián González [es] as César Vallalta.
* Virginia Rodríguez [es] as Isabel Arbueso.
* Ruth Núñez as Tanja Mijatovic.
* Duna Jové [fr] as Arancha Alberti.
* Daniel Retuerta [es] as Lolo Bermejo Fuentes.
* Manuel Feijóo [es] as Luismi Bárcenas.
* Clara Lago as Desirée.
* Miguel Rellán as Félix Torán.
* Francis Lorenzo as Alfredo Torán.
* María Garralón [es] as Rocío.
* Beatriz Carvajal as Marisa Viñé.
* Cristina Peña as Jose.
* César Vea as Gustavo.
* David Janer as Martín.
* Begoña Maestre as Duna Belarde.
* Tina Sainz as Tere Roncesvalles.
* Mercè Pons as Ana.

## Production and release

The series premiered on 25 March 1998. Produced by Globomedia and created by Manuel Valdivia, the series was initially produced with a tight budget. It eventually became one of the most iconic Spanish fiction series. The broadcasting run, comprising 121 episodes and 9 seasons, ended on 16 July 2002.
Compañeros sparked a 2001 feature film spin-off, No te fallaré [es] (transl. "I won't let you down"), titled after the series' popular opening theme, which was composed by Daniel Sánchez de la Hera and performed by Greta y Los Garbo [es], and then Los lunes que quedan [es] and Marte Menguante. In 2018, Colegas, a spoof web series (paying homage to Compañeros and another popular teen drama series from the 1990s, Al salir de clase), featuring some actors from the series, was broadcast on Playz.
# German submarine U-3505

German submarine U-3505 was a Type XXI submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The U-boat was laid down on 9 July 1944 at the Schichau-Werke yard at Danzig, launched on 25 August 1944, and commissioned on 7 October 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Horst Willner.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3505 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3505 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Service history

Although never used in combat, the submarine achieved some degree of fame due to a rescue mission. Her commander, Captain Horst Willner, disguised his wife as a sailor and smuggled her aboard together with their three-month-old baby (a crime punishable by death). The captain's family was originally to be evacuated on MV Wilhelm Gustloff, joining a flood of refugees fleeing East Prussia ahead of the advancing Red Army, in "Operation Hannibal". Willner cancelled their places and took them onto his submarine, and so probably saved their lives since Gustloff was sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13 with the greatest loss of life in maritime history.
After leaving Danzig they went to Gotenhafen, where they took on board 110 children and adolescents. The refugees, including the captain's family, were safely delivered at Travemünde, Lübeck on 2 April 1945.
Returning to Kiel, U-3505 was to participate in torpedo exercises, but on 3 April was sunk in a bombing raid while in harbour. At least one sailor was killed.
# Ernst Bresslau

Ernst Ludwig Bresslau (10 July 1877, Berlin – 9 May 1935, São Paulo) was a German zoologist. He was the son of historian Harry Bresslau.

## Life

Ernst Ludwig Bresslau was born in 1877 in Berlin, Germany. His father, Harry Bresslau, was a professor of Medieval History at the University of Berlin. In 1890, the family moved to Strasbourg, and Ernst Bresslau started his studies in medicine and natural sciences in the University of Strasbourg.
In 1902, he obtained his PhD from the University of Strasbourg, and in 1904 he traveled to Brazil for the first time as a naval doctor. In 1913–14, he returned to Brazil and conducted zoological research in central and north-eastern regions of the country, later being named director of zoology at the Georg-Speyer-Haus in Frankfurt am Main (1919). From 1925 to 1933, he was a professor at the University of Cologne, where he was instrumental in the founding of its institute of zoology. In 1934 he returned to Brazil as director of the zoological institute at the University of São Paulo.
His primary areas of research involved the evolutionary development of flatworms, investigations of infusoria and the development of mammary organs in marsupials. His name is associated with Bachia bresslaui, sometimes referred to as "Bresslau's bachia", a species of Brazilian lizard described by Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral in 1935.

## Selected works

* Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Mammarorgane bei den Beutelthieren, 1901 - Contributions to the developmental history of mammary organs in marsupials.
* Eine neue Art der marinen Turbellariengattung Polycystis (Macrorhynchus) aus dem Süsswasser, 1906 - A new species of marine Turbellarian genus Polycystis found in freshwater.
* Zoologisches Wörterbuch : Erklärung der zoologischen Fachausdrücke. Zum Gebrauch beim Studium zoologischer anatomischer, entwicklungsgeschichtlicher und naturphilosophischer Werke, written by E. Bresslau and HE Ziegler; Composed by J. Eichler, E. Fraas ... , Revised and edited by Prof. Dr. HE Ziegler, ... / Second increased and improved edition / Jena: G. Fischer, 1911-1912. - Zoological dictionary; declaration of zoological terminology. For use in the study of zoological anatomy, development-historical and natural philosophical works.
* Die Entwickelung des Mammarapparates der Monotremen, Marsupialier und einiger Placentalier, 1912 - The development of mammary apparati of monotremes, marsupials and some placental animals.
* Methoden der Süßwaßerbiologie, 1936 - Methods of freshwater biology.
# DreiLänderBahn

DreiLänderBahn (literally: Three States Railway) is the name under which HLB Hessenbahn, a subsidiary of the Hessian state railway company, Hessische Landesbahn, operates a group of regional rail services in the German states of Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Services

DreiLänderBahn operates the following services:
| Line | Name | Route | Timetable route no(s). | Notes |
| RB 29 | Unterwesterwaldbahn | Siershahn–Montabaur–Limburg (Lahn) | 629 | |
| RB 90 | Westerwald-Sieg-Bahn | Au (Sieg)–Altenkirchen (Westerw)–Limburg (Lahn) | 461 | Monday–Friday: 1 service from/to Kreuztal. additional peak service between Betzdorf and Altenkirchen. |
| RB 92 | Biggesee-Express | Finnentrop–Attendorn–Olpe | 442 | |
| RB 93 | Rothaarbahn | Betzdorf (Sieg)–Siegen Hbf–Kreuztal–Bad Berleburg | 460, 443 | Monday–Saturday 2 × from Au (Sieg) |
| RB 95 | Sieg-Dill-Bahn | Siegen Hbf–Haiger–Dillenburg | 445 | |
| RB 96 | Hellertalbahn | Betzdorf–Herdorf–Neunkirchen (Kr Siegen)–Haiger–Dillenburg | 462 | |

## Stock

The DreiLänderBahn predominantly operates on non-electrified branch lines. As a result, it uses modern diesel multiple units exclusively. Its vehicle fleet includes Alstom LHB Coradia LINT units of DB Classes 640 (LINT 27) and 648 (LINT 41), which offer comfortable seats with armrests and tables in the 1st class accommodation, a video surveillance system and two multi-purpose compartments (e.g. for bicycles or prams). Large windows provide make the interior very light. By contrast, legroom is less than in the older, more traditional Silberling coaches. The DreiLänderBahn also offers a taxi service for connexion to the station. The DreiLänderBahn's multiples are filled at Finnentrop, Dillenburg and Siegen, where they are also cleaned externally.
# Muhambwe

Muhambwe is an administrative division in Kibondo District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 287,652 people in the division.$^{:125}$
# CES3

CES3 may refer to:
* CES3 (gene)
* Edmonton/St. Albert (Delta Helicopters) Heliport, a Heliport in Canada
# C12H11NO

The molecular formula C$_{12}$H$_{11}$NO (molar mass 185.22 g/mol, exact mass: 185.0841 u) may refer to:
* 1-Naphthaleneacetamide (NAAm)
* Pirfenidone
# Hermann Souchon

Hermann Wilhelm Souchon (German pronunciation:; 2 January 1895 – 1982) was a German Naval officer and the suspected assassin, according to the testimonies of two accomplices, of Rosa Luxemburg on 15 January 1919 in Berlin.

## Biography

Souchon, a nephew of Admiral Wilhelm Souchon, was born in Bromberg, Province of Posen (Bydgoszcz, Poland). He served in the First World War as lieutenant in an artillery regiment. In 1915, he went to the Imperial Navy as an ensign. After the end of the war, he was discharged and became a member of Marinebrigade Ehrhardt. This Freikorps was active in Berlin in January 1919, as part of the Garde-Kavallerie-Schützen-Division under General Lieutenant Heinrich von Hofmann.
On 15 January 1919, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht were captured at Berlin-Wilmersdorf by the Garde-Kavallerie-Schützendivision and brought to their headquarters at Hotel Eden. Captain Waldemar Pabst, along with Horst von Pflugk-Harttung questioned them and gave the order to execute them. When they were being transported, Souchon jumped onto the car. He is one of two people accused of having shot Luxemburg in the head after Otto Runge had knocked her down with a rifle butt. In 1920, he flew to Finland where he worked as a bank clerk and became a sympathizer of the Lapua Movement. Souchon became the leader of the chapter of the NSDAP/AO in Finland.
After Hitler granted amnesty to those involved in the murders of Liebknecht and Luxemburg, Souchon returned to Germany in 1935 and joined the Luftwaffe, where he rose to the rank of colonel (Oberst) during the war. After the war, he lived in Bad Godesberg.
When a documentary report on the Liebknecht-Luxemburg story was first shown in 1969 on German television ARD, Souchon with his lawyer Otto Kranzbühler sued the broadcaster, which had to retract their statement of Souchon's guilt in February 1970. Since the 1980s, the documentary has been shown again a few times and is now publicly available.
# Phalaris caroliniana

Phalaris caroliniana is a species of grass known as Carolina canarygrass and maygrass.

## Background

It is native to the southern United States, and it can be found as a naturalized species along the west coast of the United States, as well as northern Mexico and parts of Europe and Australia. It is most often found in moist to wet habitats, such as marshy meadows, and it can thrive in disturbed areas. It is an annual grass reaching a maximum height between 1 and 1.5 m (3.3 and 4.9 ft). The hairy inflorescence is roughly oval in shape and up to 7 cm (2.8 in) long by 2 cm (0.79 in) wide.
This grass probably made up part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex of plants cultivated by prehistoric Native Americans in the United States. Its grains have been identified in archaeological sites from Texas to Indiana to Alabama which may be four millennia old. Laboratory analysis of the grass seed indicates that it is quite nutritious, with a good amount of vitamins and minerals.
# German submarine U-3508

German submarine U-3508 was a Type XXI U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The Elektroboote submarine was laid down on 25 July 1944 at the Schichau-Werke yard at Danzig, launched on 22 September 1944, and commissioned on 2 November 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Detlef von Lehsten.
He commanded the U-boat during her entire career, being promoted to Kapitänleutnant during this time. She did not carry out any patrols during her career, spending her entire time in training after having been allocated to the 8th U-boat Flotilla until 15 February 1945, then to the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 16 February until 4 March.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3508 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3508 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

She was sunk on 4 March 1945 in an Allied bombing raid by US Eighth Air Force B-24 Liberator bombers on Wilhelmshaven.
# Muhr am See

Muhr am See is a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany.
# CESC Tunnel

The CESC Tunnel is situated under the Hooghly River in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. This is the first underwater tunnel in Asia, completed in 1931. It is used for electric power transmission from Kolkata to Howrah.

## History

This tunnel was not made by modern tunnel boring machine. It was made by simple tools like spade, shovel etc. Indian Punjabi labours were digging this tunnel and attached the cast iron rings with the tunnel wall.
Sir Harley Dalrymple-Hay was appointed head of design and construction for the project in 1928 by the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation, it was the first underwater tunnel in Calcutta. He and the boiler specialist John Lochrance had designed Asia's first underwater tunnel in 1928.
The construction began in March 1930. At the beginning labours dig a well on the Hooghly River side of Indian Botanic Garden in Howrah. After one month, another similar well began digging on the opposite side of Hooghly River at Metiabruz in Kolkata. The wells digging process were taken to complete in first four months. Then the main 0.539 km (0.335 mi) tunnel digging process was begun from Metiabruz side, under 33.5 metres (110 ft) from the river bottom.
The Asia's first underwater tunnel was finally completed in July 1931. The total construction of this tunnel took 17 months to complete. Two Indian labours and Normal Smith a British worker died during the construction.

## Importance

The CESC tunnel was specially studied by the engineers of Kolkata Metro, for the construction of East West Metro Tunnel. This tunnel is an important part of the electric supply system of the CESC Limited company.
# Hermann Sprengel

Hermann Sprengel FRS (29 August 1834 – 14 January 1906) was a German-British chemist who discovered the explosive nature of picric acid in 1873, patented safety explosives and invented the mercurial air pump.

## Life

He was born at Schillerslage, near Hanover, on 29 August 1834. Sprengel was the son of George Sprengel. He was educated in Göttingen and earned his degree at the university at Heidelberg in 1858. He moved to England the following year and became a naturalised British subject.
He was first employed as an assistant in chemical laboratory in Oxford and then moved to London to work at Guy's and St Bartholomew's Hospitals, before working in the chemical works of Thomas Farmer of Kennington (1865-1870). There he invented a generic class of materials called Sprengel explosives. In addition he invented a very robust and continuously operable device called the Sprengel Pump which could reduce the amount of air in a chamber to one-millionth of its volume paving the way for the filament light bulb.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1878. His candidature citation read "Distinguished as a Chemist and Physicist. Author of the following researches.
* (1) Ueber einen neuen Lothrohrapparat (Pogg Ann v 112 1861)
* (2) On the detection of Nitric Acid (J Ch Soc 1865)
* (3) Researches on the vacuum (J Ch Soc 1865)
* (4) On determining the weight of heterogeneous liquids (J Ch Soc 1866)
* (5) Improvements in the preparation of Explosive compounds
* (6) The water air-pump (Phil Mag, 1873)
* (7) An Air-bath of constant temperature between 100 degrees & 200 degrees C (J Ch Soc 1873)
* (8) A method of determining the Specific Gravity of liquids with ease & great exactness (J Ch Soc 1873 & Pogg Ann 1874)
* (9) A new class of explosives which are non-explosive during their manufacture storage & transport (J Ch Soc 1873)
* (10) Use of water "atomiser" in production of Sulphuric Acid (Ch News 1875)."
He died at 54 Denbigh Street, London, S.W., on 14 January 1906, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery. He had never married.
# Pyrus boissieriana

Pyrus boissieriana, the Boissier pear and telka, is a species of Pyrus (pear) native to southwestern Turkey as well as the Kopet Dag region on the Turkmenistan and Iranian border. In its native locales it is cultivated as a rootstock for domestic pears.
Pyrus boissieriana is a regional deciduous tree in the woodland which also has many different fruit trees, shrubs, and vines valuable for human use. It is named after botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier.
# Every Good Boy Deserves Favour

Every Good Boy Deserves Favour may refer to:
* Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, a mnemonic for the five lines of the treble clef
* Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (play), a 1977 stage play by Tom Stoppard with music by André Previn
* Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (album), a 1971 album by the Moody Blues
# Lepidochrysops swartbergensis

Lepidochrysops swartbergensis, the Swartberg blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it found in fynbos on the Swartberg range from the Eastern Cape to Seweweekspoort and Klein Swartberg in the Western Cape. It is also found on the Rooiberg.
The wingspan is 32–36 mm for males and 34–38 mm for females. Adults are on wing from November to February. There is one extended generation per year.
# Muhria

Muhria is a lichen genus in the family Cladoniaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Muhria urceolata. The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen in 1987. The genus name of Muhria is in honour of Lars-Erik Muhr (b.1936), a Swedish teacher and botanist (Lichenology and Mycology).
Filip Högnabba has proposed that the species should be placed in genus Stereocaulon.
# England Ridge

England Ridge (77°2′S 162°29′E﻿ / ﻿77.033°S 162.483°E﻿ / -77.033; 162.483) is the northeast continuation of the glaciated steep northeast crest of Mount England, forming a snow-free rock crest with steep northwest-facing snow-free walls down to the frozen sea at the terminus of New Glacier, in Victoria Land. The feature was explored by F. Ugolini, K. Wise and H. Janetschek in January 1962. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with Mount England.