OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Najdi (surname)

Najdi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bijan Najdi (1941–1997), Iranian writer
* Bilal Najdi (born 1993), Lebanese footballer
* Mahmoud Najdi (born 1989), Lebanese footballer
* Omar Najdi (born 1986), Moroccan footballer
# Consort Liu (Gaozong)

Liu Gongren (Chinese: 劉宮人; lit. 'Palace Lady Liu'; ? ― ?) was a concubine of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang dynasty in China. She was the mother of Emperor Gaozong's eldest son, Li Zhong, who later became the crown prince of the Tang dynasty. Despite her low birth, her son became the crown prince. It was rare for a prince of such low birth, the son of a palace maid, to be appointed crown prince.

## Life

While Lady Liu's personal background and the circumstances surrounding her entry into the imperial palace remain unclear, historical records indicate that she was a palace maid of Prince Li Zhi (later Emperor Gaozong) and held the title of "concubine" (fei), a rank within the imperial harem.
In the year 643 CE, during the 17th year of the Zhenguan reign, shortly after ascending to the position of crown prince, Li Zhi had his first son with her, Li Zhong. Emperor Taizong, the reigning emperor and Li Zhi's father, expressed his elation by declaring, "Upon receiving this grandson, I want to share the joy with everyone," and he was so happy that he started dancing.
Following the birth of her son, Lady Liu's presence in historical records fades away. There is no mention of whether she received any further titles or honors after Emperor Gaozong's ascension to the throne.
In the absence of a male heir, Empress Wang, Emperor Gaozong's empress, faced pressure to secure the succession. Her uncle, the chancellor Liu Shi, suggested adopting Li Zhong as the crown prince because Lady Liu came from a lowly background, and Liu Shi hoped Li Zhong would be close to Empress Wang. Thus, Li Zhong was made the crown prince. This proposal likely stemmed from Liu Shi's hope that Li Zhong's elevation would strengthen his own position and influence within the court. Later, after Emperor Gaozong deposed Empress Wang and established his concubine Wu Zetian as empress, Li Zhong was demoted to the Prince of Liang. However, due to political maneuvering and favoritism, Emperor Gaozong eventually designated his third son, Li Hong, as the crown prince and successor to the throne.

## In media

* Portrayed by Jian Lifang in 1985 Chinese drama The Empress of the Dynasty
* Portrayed by Cui Bing in 2014 Chinese drama The Empress of China
# Buoyancy control

Buoyancy control may refer to:
* Buoyancy control of scuba divers
* Buoyancy control of surface supplied divers
* The scuba diving skill of buoyancy control
* Buoyancy control of submarines
* Buoyancy control of submersibles
* Buoyancy control of airships
# Buoyancy compensator

Buoyancy compensator may refer to:
* Buoyancy compensator (diving)
* Buoyancy compensator (aviation)
# Batangas Science School

Batangas College of Arts and Sciences, Inc., formerly known as the Batangas Science School, is a private school founded November 23, 2000 in Banay-banay Concepcion, Lipa City. The school's first class had 19 students. The number of students gradually increased, noticeably during the school year 2002–2003, wherein 521 were studying at the school.
The school's motto was "Competence, Character, Compassion" and was then changed to "To Climb the Mountain, To Kiss the Clouds". The new emblem, which portrayed Mount Maculot with a coconut tree in the foreground, was designed by Mark Anthony de Castro, brother of Maria Lourdes de Castro, valedictorian of the pioneer class.
In its first year, the school published its first English school paper, Vanguard (editor-in-chief was Maria Lourdes de Castro), simultaneously with its Filipino counterpart, Kalasag (editor-in-chief was Altaire Thyra Bautista). The following year, the school organ changed its name to The BSSAN (pronounced as Bessan; editor-in-chief was Daniel C. Lachica Jr.).
Now, the Batangas College of Arts and Sciences, Inc. has two campuses, one for high school and college students, and the other for preparatory and elementary students.
* This Philippines school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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13°56′41″N 121°07′10″E﻿ / ﻿13.94469°N 121.11932°E﻿ / 13.94469; 121.11932
# Huey P. Long Bridge

Huey P. Long Bridge may refer to:
* Huey P. Long Bridge (Baton Rouge), in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
* Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish), in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States (near New Orleans), a civil engineering landmark
# Bupleurum tenuissimum

Bupleurum tenuissimum, the slender hare's-ear, is a coastal plant of the family Apiaceae.
# López Nunatak

López Nunatak is a steep-sided granitic nunatak, 275 metres (900 ft) high, forming the northern extremity of the Breznik Heights, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and overlooking Fuerza Aérea Glacier to the south-southwest, and Ash Point and the Chilean Captain Arturo Prat Base to the northwest.
The feature was charted by the 1947 Chilean Antarctic Expedition and subsequently named after First Lieutenant Sergio López Angulo, Communications Officer in the expedition frigate Iquique.

## Location

The peak is located at 62°28′57.8″S 59°38′31″W﻿ / ﻿62.482722°S 59.64194°W﻿ / -62.482722; -59.64194 which is 4.38 km northwest of Bogdan Ridge and 1.87 km north-northeast of Rousseau Peak (British mapping in 1968, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
# Hudson Heights

Hudson Heights may refer to:
* Hudson Heights, Manhattan, a neighborhood in New York City
* Hudson Heights, North Bergen, alternate name used for the Racetrack Section of North Bergen in Hudson County, New Jersey
* Hudson Heights, Quebec, a neighborhood in Hudson, Quebec
# Hu Zao

Hu Zao (Wade Giles: Hu Tsao, traditional: 胡慥, simplified: 胡慥, pinyin: Hú Zào); was a Chinese landscape painter during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912), one of the Eight Masters of Nanjing. His specific years of birth and death are not known.
Hu was born in the Jiangsu province. His style name was 'Shigong'. Hu painted landscapes and human figures, and specialized in sketching chrysanthemums.
# Burundi at the 2021 Summer World University Games

Burundi competed at the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China held from 28 July to 8 August 2023.

## Competitors

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 5 | 1 | 6 |

## Athletics
### Track

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hervé Orly Cubahiro | 200 metres | Disqualified | Disqualified | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Billy Carl Ingabire | 400 metres | 51.84 | 36 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Billy Carl Ingabire | 800 metres | 1:54.42 PB | 30 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Léandre Hamenyimana | 800 metres | 1:54.16 | 29 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Léandre Hamenyimana | 1500 metres | 3:56.59 | 19 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Léandre Hamenyimana | 5000 metres | Did not start | Did not start | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| James Manamugabe | 200 metres | 24.18 | 35 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| James Manamugabe | 400 metres | 52.09 | 37 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Jules Niteka | 100 metres | 11.54 | 55 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Hervé Orly Cubahiro Léandre Hamenyimana James Manamugabe Billy Carl Ingabire | 4 × 400 metres relay | 3:28.40 | 7 Q | — | — | Disqualified | Disqualified |

### Field

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hervé Orly Cubahiro | High jump | Did not start | Did not start | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Track

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Violette Ndayikengurukiye | 5000 metres | 16:54.49 PB | 5 Q | — | — | 17:11.92 | 13 |
# Battle of Marinka

Battle of Marinka may refer to:
* Battle of Marinka (2015), a battle during the war in Donbas
* Battle of Marinka (2022–2023), a battle during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
# Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi

Sheikh Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi was Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah from 1869 to 1900. He survived an attempt to unseat him by the Ruler of Sharjah, with whom he later allied. He re-united Ras Al Khaimah with its secessionist dependencies.

## Accession

On the accession of Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi as Ruler of Sharjah in 1868, following the death of his brother Khalid bin Sultan, Salim's nephew, Humaid bin Abdullah, assumed the role of wali of Ras Al Khaimah. In the following year he proclaimed independence from Sharjah.
The machinations of the Saudi Agent resulted in an attempt to establish Humaid as Ruler of Sharjah, but this attempt ultimately failed, resulting in violence in Sharjah and the death of the gentleman concerned.

## Coup attempt

In May 1869, Salim bin Sultan and his brother Ibrahim moved together against Humaid bin Abdullah with the intention of establishing Ibrahim as Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah, landing 1,500 men from 32 boats. Humaid was supported by a force of some 500 men landed from Umm Al Qawain and fighting took place both at Jazirat Al Hamrah and in Ras Al Khaimah town. The British Resident, Colonel Lewis Pelly, on hearing of this breach of the maritime truce (the embarkation of troops in an act of war by sea breached the treaty) sailed from Lingeh in the Dalhousie with the gunboat Hugh Rose. Arriving at Ras Al Khaimah on 12 May, Pelly then ordered Salim and Ibrahim to withdraw their forces from Ras Al Khaimah by sunset the next day.
Alliances shifted quickly, however, and in 1871 Humaid bin Abdullah, together with the Ruler of Umm Al Qawain, supported Salim bin Sultan when he took advantage of Ibrahim's absence on a journey to Abu Dhabi and cemented his ascendancy by retaking total control of Sharjah. At the same time, Humaid bin Abdullah retook the dependencies of Sha'am, Rams and Shimal, which had managed to secede from his rule. An attempt by Sha'am to secede in 1885 resulted in Humaid extracting a fine of 1600 Marie Theresa Dollars.
He died in 1900, his death resulting in the Ruler of Sharjah, Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi, taking over Ras Al Khaimah that same year.
# Humaidan

Humaidan may refer to:
* Kristian Humaidan (born 1981), Danish rapper better known as UFO and member of duo UFO & Yepha
* Nawaf Al Humaidan (born 1981), Kuwaiti football (soccer) player
# Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126)

The Battle of Marj al-Saffar was fought on January 25, 1126 between a Crusader army led by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem and the Seljuk Emirate of Damascus, which was ruled by Toghtekin. The Crusaders defeated the Muslim army in the field but failed in their objective to capture Damascus.

## Background

After winning the Battle of Azaz northeast of Antioch, Baldwin II led an army of Franks to attack Damascus in early 1126. Baldwin's army consisted of the usual mounted knights and men-at-arms supported by spearmen and bowmen on foot. At Marj al-Saffar, 30 kilometers outside Damascus, the Crusaders encountered the army of Damascus which offered battle. Toghtekin, founder of the Burid dynasty, ruled Damascus at that time.

## Battle

Only a few details are known about the battle. The sources are not in agreement about tactical details, but they concur that the Crusaders failed to seize Damascus. The Franks lost many men to Turkish archery in a very close-fought engagement. "But a strong attack made late in the day gave them a hard-won victory. Their tactical success left them unable to achieve their object in undertaking the campaign, which was the conquest of Damascus."
Another historian writes, "Crusader forces had a clear win but were unable to press home their advantage." A third writer notes that the Crusader victory occurred because Toghtekin "fell from his horse and, thinking that he had been killed, his companions fled." Because of their heavy casualties, the Crusaders were forced to retreat.

## Aftermath

Some Nizari Ismailis from Homs and elsewhere were involved in the defense of Damascus. This contributed to the establishment of the alliance between the Nizari leader Bahram al-Da'i, who was the Chief Da'i of Syria, and the Burids.
In 1129, the Franks attacked Damascus again, but their siege of the city was unsuccessful.
# Hulbjerg Passage Grave

The Hulbjerg Passage Grave (Danish: Hulbjerg Jættestue) is a passage grave located at the southern end of the Danish island Langeland, situated on a 15-meter hill south of the ferry harbour Bagenkop. Dating back to 3300–3200 BCE, it is part of the Neolithic Funnelbeaker culture, in short TRB or TBK. The grave consists of a chamber and a separate lateral passageway. This form of grave is predominantly found in Germany and Scandinavia, and to a lesser extent in France and the Netherlands.

## Description

The rectangular grave chamber is embedded in a round barrow of about 20 m diameter, framed by a ring of stones. The walls of the 6.5 x 1.7 metre chamber consist of 13 large uprights, tightly compacted with a fine wall of hewn stone tiles. On the exterior, the chamber is sealed with clay layered with crushed flint. The ceiling originally consisted of five large slabs of rock, of which three remain, complemented by two granite beams in 1961. The floor was laid with small flat stones covered in burnt flint. On the southern wall of the chamber, vertical stone plates form a separate section.
The passageway, 5 m long and uncommonly wide for this type of grave, opens in two places, with stone doorframes and doorsteps. At its one end lies a big flat stone, presumably used to close the entry.

## Excavation

In 1960, the grave was excavated by one of Europe's leading experts in late Stone Age burials, Håkon Berg of the Langeland Museum. In the separate section in the grave chamber, sharpened flint axes and chisels, flint daggers, transverse arrowheads, decorated ceramics, amber beads as well as heaps of bones of 36 adults and 17 children were found. A skull found in the passage shows what might be the earliest known records of dental treatment: a flint drill had been used to drill down to - and possibly puncture a painful abscess in - the root canal of a molar tooth.

## Accessibility

The grave is located on public ground and is accessible all year. The parking lot is placed by the foot of the Hulbjerg hill. As the entry passage is low, one needs to crawl into the grave.
The excavated objects are on exhibition at the Langeland Museum in Rudkøbing.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Johannes Müller: Neolithische Monumente und neolithische Gesellschaften. In: Hans-Jürgen Beier, Erich Claßen, Thomas Doppler, Britta Ramminger (Hrsg.): Varia neolithica VI. Neolithische Monumente und neolithische Gesellschaften. Beiträge der Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neolithikum während der Jahrestagung des Nordwestdeutschen Verbandes für Altertumsforschung e.V. in Schleswig, 9.–10. Oktober 2007 (= Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas. Bd. 56). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-28-2, S. 7–16, hier S. 15.
* ↑ "Hulbjerg Passage Grave" Archived 12 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 1 August 2018
* ↑ "Hulbjerg Passage Grave" Archived 12 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 1 August 2018
* ↑ "Hulbjerg Passage Grave at Langeland website" Hulbjerg Passage Grave at Langeland.dk at the Wayback Machine (archived 3 August 2018) Retrieved on 3 August 2018
# Burn (Fear Factory EP)

Burn is the second EP by American industrial metal band Fear Factory, released in 1997 by Roadrunner Records. The title track, "Burn", is a remix of "Flashpoint" (a track from the Demanufacture album), which appears on the Remanufacture album. Burn has sold over 5,000 copies.

## Track listing
### 12" single

* This 1990s metal album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# MS Logna

MV Logna was built as general cargo ship in Bergens Mekaniske Verksted, Shipyard, Norway in 1958. She transported cargo between Norway and Spain until 1969, when she was acquired by the Bahama Cement Company. In 1970, she was converted to a bulk cement carrier and she was renamed MV Island Cement. She was used to ship bulk cement between Freeport, Bahamas, Fort Pierce, Port Canaveral, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and to Eleuthera and New Providence in the Bahamas. In 1980, the Company conducted an underwater survey and determined that it was not economical to perform required repairs. Instead, the ship was decommissioned and the company planned to sell her for scrap.
The company's port engineer and underwater sports enthusiast Theo (Thanassis) Galanopoulos instead persuaded the company to scuttle the ship as a dive site. After several months of preparation with the assistance of local volunteers and the issuance of a permit by the Government of the Bahamas, the MV Island Cement was towed about 1.5 miles off Williamstown, Grand Bahama Island and scuttled on 16 October 1982. The MV Island Cement became the first ship intentionally sunk as artificial reef and recreational dive site in the Bahamas; the site was named "Theo's Wreck"
Theo's Wreck is 229 ft (70 m) long and 10.670 ft (3.252 m) and rests on her port side at depth of 103 ft (31 m) at MLT, and about 50 ft (15 m) feet from the island's continental shelf. It is approximately two miles offshore of Xanadu Beach Resort & Marina. Two buoys mark the location of "Theo's Wreck". Since 1982, the ship has become home to much marine life.
# Battle of Dug Springs

The Battle of Dug Springs, also known as the Rains Scare, was a part of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. It was fought on August 2, 1861, near Clever, Missouri.
The battle was fought between several Union companies under the command of Nathaniel Lyon and Missouri State Guardsman supported by Confederate Regulars. The Union forces were led by Capt. Frederick Steele, the Fourth artillery under Lieutenant Lathrop, and a company of cavalry under Captain Stanley, and finally Totten's battery, with two pieces from Sigel's brigade. The Missouri Forces were led by Brig. Gen. James S. Rains and the Confederate support was made up of men from the 17th Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Capt. Americus V. Reiff. Future Congressman Jordan E. Cravens, fought with Capt. Reiff's company.

## Battle

News reached the Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon on August 1 that the Confederates were advancing on his force, in 3 columns, numbering 12,000 men. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon immediately led his 5,800 soldiers out of Springfield where they had been encamped. Lyon's force reached Dug Springs August 2. Confederate pickets encountered Lyon's advance force made up of four companies. The Southerners quickly retreated before Union artillery could be fired at them and rejoined an advance force led by Capt. Americus V. Reiff. Capt. Reiff's force of 120 men began to skirmish with Federal forces. Brigadier General Rains was encamped just South of Dug Springs with a 400 man advanced guard. Around 5 P.M. Rains started advancing his troops toward Dug Springs and starting fighting on the opposite side of the road from Reiff. The Federal troops held firm so Reiff sent an aide to Rains to coordinate an assault on the Federals. Reiff advanced his men and the Federals began to retreat but at the same time a portion of Company C, 1st U.S. Cavalry charged Reiff. The cavalry broke through Reiffs command. Reiff later recalled "the most gallant act I saw during the war." about the charge. Federal artillery began again causing the Missouri State Guardsman and Confederate Regulars to flee which resulted in a Union victory.
The battle served as an important milestone in what culminated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek.
# Business network (disambiguation)

A business network is a complex network of companies, working together to accomplish certain goals. Other uses are:

## Specific companies

* Fox Business Network
* Global Business Network
* Russian Business Network
# Baton Rouge Riverbats

The Baton Rouge Riverbats (2003) or Baton Rouge River Bats (2002) was a baseball team based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. They played their home games at Pete Goldsby Field in Baton Rouge.

## History

This was the second stint of a professional baseball team in Baton Rouge since 1976. In 2002, they were one of six original members of the Southeastern League.
The 2003 team finished with a record of 38-31 (.551) and won the Southeastern League Championship against the Pensacola Pelicans. The team disbanded after the 2003 season along with the Southeastern League.

## Notable players

* Steve Bourgeois
* Seth Thibodeaux
* Jason Williams
* John Henry Williams
# Battle of Tara Hill

The Battle of Tara Hill was fought on the evening of 26 May 1798 between British forces and Irish rebels involved in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in a heavy defeat for the rebels and the end of the rebellion in County Meath.

## Background

Following the outbreak of the rebellion signaled in Meath by the prearranged signal of the seizing of a mail coach near Turvey hill, road blocks were posted on the Navan road United Irishmen and rebels in Meath began to assemble at the hill of Tara. Tara was chosen as it provided strategic control of road access to the capital Dublin and cultural significance as the former seat of the high kings of Ireland. Between 4,000 and 7,000 rebels gathered at the hill. There were incidents of violent encounters throughout the countryside as rallying rebels made their way to Tara from the outbreak of the rebellion on the 23rd to the day of the battle on the 26th.

## Battle of Tara

Picking up yeomanry reinforcements along the way, the combined fencible, yeomanry and militia forces formed up at the bottom of the hill to attack the rebels who had established a large camp on the hill. The lack of any cannon or cavalry placed the rebels at a great disadvantage despite their numbers. Disciplined volley fire and flanking cavalry action combined with withering grapeshot delivered from a 6-pounder cannon drove the rebels to within graveyard walls at the summit. There at dusk, the rebels made their last stand on the hill until a final grenadier assault finished them.
The loss to the fencibles, yeomanry and militia was minimal. However rebel casualties have estimates running from several hundred to several thousand dead and many wounded. Many bodies were removed during the night of the 26th and 350 dead were counted still lying on the battlefield the following day. Witnesses to the burial recollect many more bodies of those rebels who died of their wounds during the night being collected from the surrounding countryside in carts. It was noted by the witnesses that the bodies were universally disembowelled by the victors. The dead were buried in a mass grave marked by the Lia Fail standing stone which was moved to mark the burial site. The defeat effectively ended the United Irishmen's rising in Meath.