OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elisabeth Lloyd

Elisabeth Anne Lloyd (born September 3, 1956) is an American philosopher of science specialising in the philosophy of biology. She is currently Distinguished Professor of History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine - as well as Adjunct Professor of biology - at Indiana University, Bloomington, affiliated faculty scholar at the Kinsey Institute and Adjunct Faculty at the Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior.

## Education and career

Lloyd was born in Morristown, New Jersey, and earned her BA in science and political theory from University of Colorado, Boulder in 1980, summa cum laude. Lloyd studied under Bas van Fraassen at Princeton University for a PhD in philosophy 1980 – 1984. While a student at Princeton, she spent a year (1983) studying with Richard C. Lewontin at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology.
She worked as an assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy at University of California, San Diego, 1985–88; and then was assistant professor, then associate professor, then full professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley from 1988 to 1999, before moving to Indiana University.
In 2022, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

## Philosophical work

Her 2005 book, The Case of the Female Orgasm, was widely discussed in the scholarly and popular press, including Isis, Nature and The New York Times. The book criticizes what it portrays as anti-scientific biases infecting the many proposed adaptive explanations of female orgasm. Lloyd goes on to argue that the available evidence, such as from sexology studies, is far more supportive of a neutral "byproduct" explanation put forward by Donald Symons, under which female orgasm is the result of orgasm developing as a species trait due to its critical role in males for procreation (akin to explanations for why nipples, which are required for nursing in females, are also present in males). The book received so much attention that it was lampooned on an episode of Saturday Night Live because its title sounds like a racy version of a Hardy Boys novel. Lloyd had been working on the subject for two years, when a discussion with Stephen Jay Gould in 1986 led to her providing the basis for his 1987 essay in Natural History titled 'Freudian Slip', which was reprinted in 1992 as 'Male Nipples and Clitoral Ripples.'
In 2001, Michigan Law Review published her essay "Science Gone Astray: Evolution and Rape" that criticized Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer's famous work A Natural History of Rape for "glaring flaws in their science."
# Neriamangalam Bridge

The Neriamangalam Bridge is a bridge in the South Indian state of Kerala, that connects the Ernakulam and Idukki districts. Opened in 1935, it is the first Class A arch bridge in Asia. Popularly known as the gateway to the high ranges, it is located in Neriamangalam and presently a part of NH 85.

## History

The railway and ropeway built by the British were destroyed in 1924 due to the great flood of 99. The road from Pooyamkutty to Mankulam was also damaged, ceasing the trade relations of high range with Kochi. Subsequently, Maharani Sethu Lakshmibai ordered the construction of a new road from Aluva to Munnar and a new bridge across Periyar to transport tea, aromatic crops and trees from the high range to Kochi. The new road was inaugurated in March 1931 by Maharani Sethulakshmi Bhai. The construction of the Neriamangalam bridge was started in 1924 and was opened on 2 March 1935 by Srichithira Tirunal Balaramavarma. In view of the strong currents that may occur in Periyar during the rainy season, the bridge is constructed in an arched shape to withstand the force of the water. The bridge has been instrumental in the growth of high range of Kerala since 1935. It also paved the way for migration of people from different parts of Kerala to high range. The bridge has been completed in five spans with a length of 214 meters and a width of 4.9 meters. The arches of the bridge are connected to the spans. It is made of surkhi and granite, which is a mixture of jaggery and lime. Since its inauguration, Neriamangalam bridge, has survived the great floods of 1961 and 2018.
# 1892 in basketball

The following are the basketball events of the year 1892 throughout the world.

## Events

* January 15 – James Naismith's rules for basketball are published for the first time in the Springfield YMCA International Training School's newspaper, in an article titled "A New Game."
* January 20 – The first official basketball game is played in the YMCA gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts.
* March 11 – First basketball game played in public, between students and faculty at the Springfield YMCA. The final score was 5–1 in favor of the students, with the only goal for the faculty being scored by Amos Alonzo Stagg. A crowd of 200 spectators watched the game.
* June 1 – Senda Berenson appointed athletic director at Smith College.

## Births

* July 9 – Elmer Oliphant, All-American at Purdue (died 1975)
# Rouvray

Rouvray may refer to the following communes in France:
* Rouvray, Côte-d'Or, in the Côte-d'Or département
* Rouvray, Eure, in the Eure département
* Rouvray, Yonne, in the Yonne département
* Rouvray-Catillon, in the Seine-Maritime département
* Rouvray-Saint-Denis, in the Eure-et-Loir département
* Rouvray-Sainte-Croix, in the Loiret département
* Rouvray-Saint-Florentin, in the Eure-et-Loir département
# Pristimantis floridus

Pristimantis floridus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Caucus on Reform and Governance

The Caucus on Reform and Governance Committee (Malay: Kaukus Mengenai Pembaharuan dan Tadbir Urus; Chinese: 馬來西亞改革與治理委員會核心小組; Tamil: மலேசியாவின் சீர்திருத்தம் மற்றும் நிர்வாகக் குழு குறித்த காகஸ்) is a select committee of the Malaysian House of Representatives, which seeks to empower the parliament as branch of the government responsible in instituting reforms in all aspects of the administration. It is the only caucus announced by Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof, on 4 December 2018 in an effort to improve the institutional system.

## Recommendations

Anwar Ibrahim told reporters in late January 2019 that the inaugural meeting of the caucus had recommended that the annual Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) report be debated in the lower and upper Houses. It was also recommended that the Chief Justice of Malaysia head an independent panel overlooking legislative reforms.
Following allegations of interference in the judicial system, the caucus' deputy chair, Lim Kit Siang, announced that the caucus decided to support calls for the establishment of a Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) to look into the claims.

## Membership
### 14th Parliament

As of December 2018, the Committee's current members are as follows:
| Member | Party | Position | Constituency |
| Anwar Ibrahim MP | PKR | Chairperson | Port Dickson |
| Kit Siang Lim MP | DAP | Deputy Chairperson | Iskandar Puteri |
| Johari Abdul MP | PKR | Member | Sungai Petani |
| Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz MP | UMNO | Member | Padang Rengas |
| Maria Chin Abdullah MP | PKR | Member | Petaling Jaya |
| Edmund Santhara Kumar Ramanaidu MP | PKR | Member | Segamat |
| Mohamed Hanipa Maidin MP | AMANAH | Member | Sepang |
| Mustapa Mohamed MP | BERSATU | Member | Jeli |
| Azalina Othman Said MP | UMNO | Member | Pengerang |
| Ma'mun Sulaiman MP | WARISAN | Member | Kalabakan |
| Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man MP | PAS | Member | Kubang Kerian |
| Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar MP | PBB | Member | Santubong |

## Chair of the Caucus on Reform and Governance Committee

| Chair | Chair | Party | Constituency | First elected | Method |
| | Anwar Ibrahim | PKR | Port Dickson | 4 December 2018 | Elected by the Speaker of the House of Representatives |

## Deputy Chair of the Caucus on Reform and Governance Committee

| Chair | Chair | Party | Constituency | First elected | Method |
| | Lim Kit Siang | DAP | Iskandar Puteri | 4 December 2018 | Elected by the Speaker of the House of Representatives |
# Huntsville Rewound

Huntsville Rewound is an ongoing non-profit project to collect memories from the Huntsville, Alabama, USA TV market. It is a website and Facebook page covering the northern Alabama area along with Tennessee border counties. The website was set up in September 2009 following the response from the Facebook page (which started in July 2009 as Tennessee Valley Rewound) and the Birmingham Rewound site. Lance George is the webmaster and site curator. The Facebook site has over 12,700 members (4/3/23). The Facebook page is interactive and allows users to upload pictures and give comments. Features appear on the Huntsville Rewound website quarterly on topics of regional interest. Portions of the Huntsville Rewound and Atlanta Rewound websites actually are derived from the "Lance George Personal Website" which started compilation in July 1996 and hosts family heirlooms and collectibles dating back to the early 20th century.
The site has over 5,000 hits a month from around the world. The Birmingham Rewound website mentions the
pictures, video, and Facebook integration that this site has. The Alabama Broadcasters Association has linked this site as being an excellent database of Huntsville metro TV/radio information.
Features on the Huntsville Rewound website include Benny Carle-Classic Alabama TV, Grunches and Grins TV show, Space City USA (an amusement park that never opened), Huntsville children's TV shows, Keller Drawbridge (Decatur), Huntsville radio and TV history, Memorial Parkway, First National Bank Building (Huntsville), the Keller car, and a time machine (ads and memories from a year in the past). Huntsville Rewound is not related to the Huntsville Revisited Facebook Group that began in 2011.
# Copa de Honor

Copa de Honor may refer to the following football competitions:
* Copa de Honor (Uruguay), Uruguayan football competition organized by the Uruguayan Football Association from 1905 to 1920
* Copa de Honor Cousenier, international football club competition which was played 13 times between representatives of the Argentina and Uruguay associations between 1905 and 1920
* Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires, Argentine official football cup competition. It was contested fourteen times between 1905 and 1920
# Neriacanthus

Neriacanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. It contains five species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Jamaica and Panama to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Species

Five species are accepted:
* Neriacanthus grandiflorus Leonard
* Neriacanthus harlingii Wassh.
* Neriacanthus lehmannianus (Lindau) Lindau
* Neriacanthus nitidus Leonard
* Neriacanthus purdieanus Benth. & Hook.f.
# 1901 Hume state by-election

A by-election for the seat of Hume in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 17 April 1901 because of the resignation of Sir William Lyne (Protectionist) to successfully contest the federal seat of Hume.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 20 March 1901 | Sir William Lyne resigned. |
| 25 March 1901 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 4 April 1901 | Day of nomination |
| 17 April 1901 | Polling day |
| 30 April 1901 | Return of writ |

## Result

1901 The Hume state by-election Wednesday 17 April :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Protectionist | Gordon McLaurin (elected) | 745 | 46.7 | -11.9 |
| | Independent | John McGrath | 528 | 33.1 | |
| | Independent | John Miller | 322 | 20.2 | -21.2 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 1,595 | 100.0 | − |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 | − |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,595 | 66.4 | +20.8 |
| | Protectionist hold | Protectionist hold | | | |
# Rotch Dome

Rotch Dome is the sloping ice dome rising to 360 m immediately east of Byers Peninsula, and between Barclay Bay and Walker Bay in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is bounded by Urvich Wall to the west, surmounting Ivanov Beach to the northwest, Etar Snowfield to the north-northeast and Verila Glacier to the east-northeast, and is linked by a saddle to Casanovas Peak to the northeast.
The slopes of Rotch Dome west of 60º53'45"W were included in 2016 into the Antarctic Specially Protected Area Byers Peninsula (ASPA 126), with a designated zone comprising the northwestern part of Rotch Dome and the adjacent deglaciated ground on Ivanov Beach placed under greater restriction on access in order to prevent microbial or other contamination by human activity.

## Location

The highest point is located at 62°38′00″S 60°52′59″W﻿ / ﻿62.63333°S 60.88306°W﻿ / -62.63333; -60.88306 which is 10.4 km southwest of Casanovas Peak, 6.75 km north by west of Elephant Point, 6.1 km east of Tsamblak Hill, 5.37 km east-southeast of Nedelya Point and 4.77 km south by east of Rowe Point (British mapping in 1968, Bulgarian in 2005, 2009 and 2017).

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0

## In fiction

Rotch Dome is part of the mise-en-scène in the 2016 Antarctica thriller novel The Killing Ship by Simon Beaufort, with action spreading westwards from Hannah Point, skirting the dome and eventually reaching Byers Peninsula; the feature is shown on a sketch map of Livingston Island illustrating the book.
# Röykkä

Röykkä (Finnish pronunciation:) is a village located in the Nurmijärvi municipality of Finland, near the border of Vihti municipality. It is fourth largest village in the municipality after Klaukkala, Rajamäki and Nurmijärvi's church village. The population is about 1600.
Lake Sääksi, which is Finland's largest spring water lake, is located northside to the village, and there is Kotolahti, also known as "Little-Sääski" and "Röykänranta", which is a popular beach in Röykkä. There is also smaller Lake Vaaksi near to the village. On the northern shore of Lake Sääksi is the private tomb of the daughter of Kytäjä Manor's host, known as the "Tomb of Love" (Rakkaudenhauta).
Traditional Christmas events at the village include the Röykkä's Christmas Tree Party (Röykän kuusijuhla), when a light procession led by Santa Claus moves from school to the giant spruce tree on the centre of Röykkä to decorate it with lights.

## Transport

The village is crossed by the Finnish regional road 132 (Mt 132) that runs between Loppi and Klaukkala. In the northern part of the village there is national road 25 (Vt 25), which runs between Hanko and Mäntsälä.
Hanko–Hyvinkää railway also runs next to the village, but the Röykkä railway station [fi] from 1911 was closed in 1977.

### Distances from other cities

* Helsinki 43 km
* Loppi 33 km
* Klaukkala 14 km
* Nurmijärvi 12 km
* Rajamäki 8 km

## Buildings

In the middle of Röykkä, there is a grocery store, a pizzeria and little coffee house. Also, there is a primary school in Kassakumpu, the largest and growing residential area of Röykkä, but the nearest secondary school is located in the neighboring village Rajamäki.
The railway station, located along the Hanko–Hyvinkää railway, was built and commissioned in 1911 and closed in 1977. Finnish model and PR Manager Ellen Jokikunnas bought building in 2007 to renovating it her new home.

### Sanatorium

In the northern part of Röykkä, there is a former Art Nouveau-styled tuberculosis sanatorium known as Nummela Sanatorium designed by architect Magnus Schjerfbeck in 1903. Sanatorium was closed down in 1932 and replaced by a mental hospital. In 1989, the hospital was also closed down and has been completely disabled ever since. In the spring of 2022, the Röykkä Invest Oy company bought the hospital building for €1,5 million; one of the founders of the company is the actor Jasper Pääkkönen, who announced in the summer of the same year that he was planning to turn the former sanatorium into a hotel.
Local rumors tell that paranormal phenomena have been observed in an abandoned hospital. According to several visitors the windows of the building show mysterious lights, as well as a woman who commits suicide by jumping off the roof. According to another rumor, the hospital is haunted by the spirit of a girl who died there at a young age.

## Notable people

* Elmer Diktonius (1896–1961), author and poet
* Ellen Jokikunnas (born 1976), model and PR manager
* Matti Mattila (1912–1990), agricultural counselor
* Toivo Salervo (1888–1977), architect
# Pristimantis frater

Pristimantis frater is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Norte de Santander, Boyacá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, and Meta Departments, as well as in the Serranía de la Macarena (Meta Department). The population in the Serranía de la Macarena might represent a distinct species. Common name Meta robber frog has been coined for it.

## Description

Adult males measure 17–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) and adult females, based on a single specimen, 25 mm (1.0 in) in snout–vent length. The head is as wide as the body and wider than it is long. The snout is subacuminate in dorsal view and round in lateral profile. The tympanum is prominent. The fingers have narrow lateral keels and the outer ones have also large pads. The toes have lateral keels and enlarged pads. The dorsum is pale brown with brown markings. Canthal stripe is usually absent. The venter has fine brown peppering; the throat is darker. Males have a subgular vocal sac.

## Habitat and conservation

Pristimantis frater occur in premontane humid forests at elevations of 800–1,600 m (2,600–5,200 ft) or 877–3,000 m (2,877–9,843 ft) above sea level, depending on the source. They can be found on low vegetation and have also been recorded from secondary forest. Reproduction is direct (i.e., without free-living larval stage).
This species is common, but it suffers from habitat loss and degradation caused primarily by agriculture (crops and cattle ranching), but also by oil exploration and road infrastructure. It has been found in areas where Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is prevalent, but so far this species has tested negative. It is present in the Serranía de la Macarena and Tamá National Natural Parks. It might also be present in the immediately adjacent El Tamá National Park in Venezuela, but there are no records yet.
# Morgan B. Brainard

Morgan Bulkeley Brainard (January 8, 1879 - August 28, 1957) was an American attorney, insurance executive, and book collector. He served as president of Aetna from 1922 to 1956, following his uncle Morgan Bulkeley. Brainard was a director of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad until his resignation in 1955.
He and Eleanor Stuart Moffat married on 27 April 1905. He had five children.
# Burt Topper

Burt Topper (July 31, 1928 – April 3, 2007) was an American film director and screenwriter best known for cult films aimed at teenagers.

## Biography

Born in Coney Island, New York City, Topper moved to Los Angeles at the age of 8, and served in the United States Navy during World War II. He was working at the Horseshoe Stage in 1954 and wanted to make a movie. He and several friends got together and made Hell Squad over six months using their own money. This was picked up for distribution by American International Pictures and launched his career.
In 1958 AIP announced Topper would make a series of films for them, including Tank Destroyers, Last Woman on Earth, Young Warrior, and Yacht Party. Not all of these were produced, but Topper would be associated with AIP for the rest of his career.
Topper's 1963 film War Is Hell (which he wrote, produced, directed and played a small role as an army lieutenant) was playing at the Texas Theatre in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald snuck into the theatre and viewed it briefly before being arrested.
He also wrote, produced, directed and narrated fundraising films for the Variety Clubs of America.
In the mid-1960s Topper acted as an in house producer for American International. He left them in 1969 to re-enter independent production but still maintained strong links with AIP. In 1972 he announced he would make 15 live action films worth $10.5 million but this did not eventuate.
Topper died of heart failure at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He was survived by his wife Jennifer.

## Selected filmography

* Hell Squad (1958) - writer, producer, director
* Tank Commandos (1959) - writer, producer, director
* Diary of a High School Bride (1959) - writer, producer, director
* The Wild Ride (1960) - story
* War Is Hell (1963) - writer, producer, director
* The Strangler (1964) - director
* Space Probe Taurus (1965) - producer, second unit director
* Fireball 500 (1966) - co-producer
* Thunder Alley (1967) - producer
* Devil's Angels (1967) - producer
* Wild in the Streets (1968) - executive producer
* The Devil's 8 (1969) - producer, director
* The Heart of Variety (1969) (documentary) - narrator, writer
* The Hard Ride (1971) - writer, executive producer, director
* The Variety Legacy (1974) (documentary) - writer, producer, director
* Soul Hustler (1976) - writer, producer, director
* C.H.O.M.P.S. (1979) - co-producer, second unit director

### Unmade films

* Hell's Belles (circa 1968) - proposed motorcycle film which Topper was to produce for AIP to be directed by Rod Amateau
* Hell No We Won't Go (circa 1968) - for his own company
* Hot Rod Inferno (circa 1968)
* Ten Thousand Graves (1969) - war comedy for AIP
* Shake Him Till He Rattles (1969)
# Cochrane Water Aerodrome

Cochrane Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CNN5) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) north of Cochrane, Ontario, Canada.
# List of photographers of stage and film

This is a list of photographers of stage and film.
* Alfred Cheney Johnston
* Baker Art Gallery
* Bruno Bernard
* Cecil Beaton
* Elliott & Fry
* George Hurrell
* James J. Kriegsmann
* José Maria Mora
* Léopold-Émile Reutlinger
* Maurice Seymour (pseudonym: Maurice Zeldman (1900-1993) and Seymour Zeldman (1902-1995)), both changed their names to 'Maurice Seymour' when Seymour moved from Chicago to New York.
* Florence Vandamm (1883–1966), British photographer
* Meade Brothers Photographers, 233 Broadway near Astor house, New York. Established 1840.
* Nadar
* Julius Cornelius Schaarwächter [de]
* Tony Bruno (photographer), signed his work: "Bruno of Hollywood, NYC"
* J Wood, Photo. 208 Bowery, New York