OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Choghadiya

Choghadiya (Chogaḍīā) refers to an auspicious period of ninety-eight minutes in Indian astrology.

## Etymology

Ghadi (now used for a clock in Hindi) is an ancient measure for calculations of time in India roughly equivalent to 24 minutes. Cho-ghadiya means four ghadi which totals to 96 minutes. Most of choghadiya are of a figure around 96 minutes.

## About

it is advisable to perform necessary prayers, on a particular time phase of the day to get maximum benefits of health, wealth and prosperity. One can get the appropriate Muhurta (Hindu Unit of Time) from the Panchang.

## Types of Choghadiya

There are totally seven types of Choghdiya.
* Amrit, Shubh and Labh are considered the most auspicious Choghadiyas. (Time Period)
* Chal is considered as good Choghadiya . (Time Period)
* Udveg, Kal and Rog is considered inauspicious.

## Method of calculation

Each day is divided into two time periods: Daytime - the period from sunrise to sunset
Nighttime - the period from sunset to sunrise.
Each period contains eight Choghadiya's. The daytime difference is arrived at by calculating the difference between Sunrise and Sunset and dividing the same by 8.

### Example

Day 1: Sunrise at 6:00 AM and Sunset at 6:01 pm Day 2: Sunrise at 6:00 am
based on the above The daytime period is 12 hours and 01 minutes (721 minutes). The nighttime period is 11 hours and 59 minutes (719 minutes).
Therefore, each daytime Choghadiya lasts 721/8 = 90.125 minutes = 1 hour 30 minutes 7.5 seconds And each night-time Choghadiya last 719/8 = 89.89 minutes = 1 hour 29 minutes 52.5 second
# Louis Audette

Louis de la Chesnaye Audette, OC (April 7, 1907 – April 2, 1995) was a Canadian lawyer, naval officer and civil servant.
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Louis-Arthur Audette and Mary-Grace Stuart, the tenth child of Andrew Stuart, he was educated as a lawyer and practiced in Montreal during the 1930s. During World War II, he served with the Royal Canadian Navy and commanded several ships (HMCS Pictou, Amherst, Coaticook, and St. Catharines) in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. He was mentioned in dispatches and left the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant commander. As a reserve officer, he was later promoted to commander.
After the war, from 1947 to 1959, he a member of the Canadian Maritime Commission and its chairman from 1954 to 1959. From 1959 to 1972, he was Chairman of the Tariff Board of Canada.
In 1974, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. His oral history of his wartime adventures was published in Salty Dips Vol. 2 (1985.)
# Noctuites

Noctuites is a genus of extinct moths in the Noctuoidea superfamily. This genus was originally designated to accommodate noctuids of uncertain association. Most noctuoid fossils are incomplete, making them hard to place in a modern phylogeny of Noctuoidea. For this reason the genus has not been assigned to a family.

## Species

* †Noctuites caucasicus Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites deperditus Heer, 1856, described from Aix-en-Provence in France and dated to the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene boundary.
* †Noctuites effosus Heer, 1849 (= Noctuites effossus Handlirsch, 1908), described from Croatia and dated to the Early Miocene.
* †Noctuites gersdorfi Kernbach, 1967, described from Germany and dated to the Late Pliocene.
* †Noctuites haidingeri Heer, 1849, described from Croatia and dated to the Early Miocene.
* †Noctuites incertissimus Oustalet, 1870, described from France and dated to the Late Oligocene.
* †Noctuites kaspievi Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites kozhantshikovi Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites kusnezovi Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites maximus Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites miocenicus (Kozhanchikov, 1957) (described as Xyleutites miocenicus), described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* †Noctuites radobojana Kozlov, 1988, described from Croatia and dated to the Early Miocene.
* †Noctuites stavropolicus Kozlov, 1988, described from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.

## Unnamed fossils

A further three unnamed fossil species have been assigned to this genus:
* Undescribed species Hope, 1836 (originally referred to Noctua)
* Undescribed species Kozlov, 1988, from the Stavropol Territory of Russia and dated to the Middle Miocene.
* Undescribed species Lomnicki, 1894 (originally referred to Noctua), from Ukraine and dated to the Pleistocene.
# Pulak Biswas

Pulak Biswas (1941—29 August 2013) is a leading artist and children's book illustrator from India.

## Biography

Biswas was born in Dhaka, British India. After training at the Government College of Art, Kolkata, he worked for many years in the advertising industry. He was the recipient of an UNESCO fellowship for advanced studies in Graphic Design and Illustration. He also studied at Hornsey College, London, and the Rietvald Academy, Amsterdam.
He has also held several solo and group exhibitions in India and Europe.

## Children's literature

In the 80s, Biswas left advertising graphics and joined the cartoonist K. Shankar Pillai at the Children's Book Trust, New Delhi. In 1992–93, he won the National Award for Children's Literature in for Ashok's New Friend (written by Deepa Agarwal). Some of his other remarkable books are: Mahagiri and Amma Pyari Amma, A Day in the Life of Maya of Mohenjo-Daro, published by Children's Book Trust, Very busy ants (wordless classic) published by National Book Trust, Hen Sparrow Turns Purple" (winning the Grand Prix at the Biennale of Illustrations, Bratislava) and Catch that crocodile by Tara Publishers.
In 1999, his Tiger on a Tree written by Anushka Ravishankar, won the Biennial of Illustration Bratislava, and in 2005 was listed in the American Library Association's List of Notable Books.

## Death

Biswas spent last several years immersed in painting. He died on 29 August 2013.
# Column wave

The column wave is a 16th-century stage machine created to mimic movement of the ocean.
Developed by Nicola Sabbatini, the machine was an effective way to give the appearance of a wave-filled sea. It was used to great effect through the following centuries. The machine was documented in Practica di Fabricar Scene e Machine ne' Teatri as the third method of showing a sea.
The column wave was built by attaching slightly bent bars through cylinders made of wood and burlap. The burlap was painted blue and black (with hints of silver for the whitecaps). These tubes were attached to cranks that, when turned, made the stretched burlap quiver while the disks created a flowing motion. Combining several of these in a row gave the audience a more realistic sea than had been seen on stage before.
# Acanthobrama hadiyahensis

Acanthobrama hadiyahensis , also known as the Arabian bream, is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish, which has been described from Wadi Hadiyah, Saudi Arabia. They face the same ecological threats as other freshwater fish from the region, mainly habitat loss and damming.
# Manfred von Richthofen (disambiguation)

Manfred von Richthofen was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I
Manfred von Richthofen may also refer to:
* Manfred von Richthofen (general), a German General der Kavallerie (General of the Cavalry) during World War I
* Manfred von Richthofen (sports official), a German hockey player and coach
* Manfred Albert von Richthofen, killed in a crime with the participation of his own daughter
# Rauddalsvatn

Rauddalsvatnet is a lake in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 7.4977-square-kilometre (2.8949 sq mi) lake lies just outside the Reinheimen National Park (which surrounds the lake on three sides. The lake sits at an elevation of 916 metres (3,005 ft) above sea level and it has a perimeter of 22.23 kilometres (13.81 mi). The lake sits in a narrow valley with the mountain Skridulaupen to the north and Dyringshøi to the south. The lake lies in an isolated valley, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the village of Bismo.
# 1982 England rugby union tour of Canada and the United States

The 1982 England rugby union tour of Canada and the United States was a series of eight matches played by the England national rugby union team in Canada and the United States in May and June 1982. The tour was entirely successful as the England team won all its eight matches and conceded only 34 points. England did not award full international caps for the internationals against Canada and the United States.

## Matches

    Scores and results list England's points tally first.
| Opposing Team | For | Against | Date | Venue |
| Eastern Canada | 52 | 3 | 24 May | Toronto |
| CANADA | 43 | 6 | 29 May | Swangard Stadium, Burnaby |
| Cougars | 26 | 6 | 2 June | Bethell, Seattle |
| Pacific Coast | 28 | 6 | 5 June | Long Beach, California |
| Western RFU | 45 | 6 | 9 June | Dallas |
| Mid-West RFU | 58 | 7 | 13 June | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Eastern RFU | 41 | 0 | 16 June | Gaelic Park, New York City |
| UNITED STATES | 59 | 0 | 19 June | Dillon Stadium, Hartford, Connecticut |

## Touring party

* Manager: Budge Rogers
* Assistant manager: Mike Davis
* Captain: Steve Smith

### Full back

* Dusty Hare (Leicester)
* Nick Stringer (Wasps)

### Three-quarters

* John Carleton (Orrell)
* Clive Woodward (Leicester)
* Tony Bond (Sale)
* Tony Swift (Swansea)
* Neil McDowell (Gosforth)
* Steve Holdstock (Nottingham)

### Half-backs

* Les Cusworth (Leicester)
* Peter Williams (Orrell)
* Steve Smith (Sale)
* Nigel Melville (Wakefield)

### Forwards

* John Scott (Cardiff)
* Peter Winterbottom (Headingley)
* David Cooke Harlequins
* John Gadd (Gloucester)
* Nick Jeavons (Moseley)
* Maurice Colclough (Angoulême)
* Jim Syddall (Waterloo)
* Steve Bainbridge (Gosforth)
* Gary Pearce (Northampton)
* Phil Blakeway (Gloucester)
* Paul Rendall (Wasps)
* Malcolm Preedy (Gloucester)
* Peter Wheeler (Leicester)
* Steve Mills (Gloucester)
# Della Porta

Della Porta is an Italian surname. It may refer to:
* Antonella Della Porta (1927–2002), Italian actress
* Antonio della Porta (died 1702), Swiss Baroque architect
* Ardicino della Porta, iuniore (1434–1493), Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
* Bianca Della Porta (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey and rugby player
* Donatella della Porta (born 1956), Italian sociologist and political scientist
* Giacomo della Porta (1532–1602), Italian architect and sculptor
* Giambattista della Porta (1535–1615), Italian scholar, polymath and playwright
* Glauco Della Porta (1920–1976), Italian politician and economist
* Guglielmo della Porta (died 1577), Italian architect and sculptor
* Guiduccio della Porta (died 1423), Roman Catholic prelate
# Puta's Fever

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Sun-Times | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B− |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| NME | 8/10 |
| Record Mirror | 4+1⁄2/5 |
| Sounds | |
Puta's Fever is the second studio album by Mano Negra, released in 1989. The French edition of Rolling Stone magazine named it the 8th greatest French rock album (out of 100).

## Personnel

Mano Negra
* Oscar Tramor (Manu Chao) – lead vocals, guitar
* Tonio Del Borño (Antoine Chao) – trumpet, vocals
* Santiago "El Águila" Casariego – drums, vocals
* Garbancito (Philippe Teboul) – percussion, vocals
* Roger Cageot (Daniel Jamet) – lead guitar, vocals
* Jo (Joseph Dahan) – bass guitar, vocals
* Helmut Krumar (Thomas Darnal) – keyboards, vocals
* Krøpöl 1er (Pierre Gauthé) – trombone, vocals
Guest musicians
* Mme Oscar (Anouk) – vocals
* Napo "Chihuahua" Romero – vocals
* Alain "L'Enclume De Choisy" Wampas – double bass, vocals
* Zofia – vocals

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 130 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 43 |

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Platinum | 350,000 |
| Summaries |||
| Worldwide | — | 550,000 |
# Acanthobrama centisquama

Acanthobrama centisquama, also known as the long-spine bream or Orontes bream, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is known from Syria and Turkey, and there restricted to Lake Amik and al-Gab Lake. Lake Amik has been drained, and this species has not been found here since the early 20th century, and may be extinct. There may be remnant populations present in Gölbaşı Lake, which is impacted by pollution and water abstraction.
# Daniel Buchanan (mathematician)

Daniel Buchanan (14 April 1880 – 1 December 1950, Vancouver) was a Canadian mathematics and astronomy professor and academic administrator.

## Biography

Buchanan received from McMaster University B.A. in 1906, from Hamilton College B.A. in 1906 and M.A. in 1908, and from the University of Chicago Ph.D. in 1911. He was a professor of astronomy and mathematics from 1911 to 1920 at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. He was elected in 1921 a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. At the University of British Columbia he became in 1920 professor and head of the department of mathematics and astronomy and in 1928 dean of the faculty of arts and sciences.
He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1924 at Toronto and in 1928 at Bologna.
At the University of British Columbia, the Buchanan Building (built from 1956 to 1960) and the Buchanan Tower (built in 1972) are named in his honour.

## Selected publications

* Buchanan, Daniel (1915). "A new isosceles-triangle solution of the three body problem". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 16 (3): 259–274. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1915-1501012-9.
* Buchanan, Daniel (1919). "Asymptotic Satellites Near the Straight-Line Equilibrium Points in the Problem of Three Bodies". American Journal of Mathematics. 41 (2): 79–110. doi:10.2307/2370269. JSTOR 2370269.
* Buchanan, Daniel (1920). "Periodic Orbits on a Surface of Revolution". American Journal of Mathematics. 42 (1): 47–75. doi:10.2307/2370461. JSTOR 2370461.
* Buchanan, Daniel (1922). "Asymptotic planetoids". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 23 (4): 409–431. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1922-1501209-1.
* Buchanan, Daniel (1930). "Periodic Orbits in the Problem of Three Bodies with Repulsive and Attractive Forces". American Journal of Mathematics. 52 (4): 899–913. doi:10.2307/2370723. JSTOR 2370723.
* Buchanan, Daniel (1930). "The Problem of Three Bodies". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 24: 347–358. Bibcode:1930JRASC..24..347B.
# Bernard Fleming

Bernard James Fleming (born 8 January 1937) is a footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Grimsby Town, Workington and Chester.
# Ratanlal Kishorilal Malviya

Ratanlal Kishorilal Malviya (1907–1984) was an Indian labor leader, politician and a contributor to the Constitution of India.
His father Kishorilal Malaiya of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh belonged to the Malaiya family of Sagar, which had been a supporter and follower of Kshullak Ganeshprasad Varni, who founded several education institutions in the Bundelkhand region. He obtained his school education at Sagar, and was admitted in the law program at BHU and Allahabad University in 1925 and 1926. He served on the editorial department of the Chand magazine and also published articles in Sarasvati magazine.
He later started practicing law at Sagar and became the secretary of the Harijan Sevak Sangh founded by Mahatma Gandhi.
He became a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1948 which drafted the constitution of India and one of the signers of the constitution in 1950. He was a Member of Parliament representing Madhya Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as member of the Indian National Congress.
He served in the cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri during 1962–1966. He served on the Labour Commission of India and the International Labour Organization. He served on the Niyogi Committee On Christian Missionary Activities appointed by the Congress Government of Madhya Pradesh in 1956.
In Chirmiri, where he served as a labour leader, a locality is named Malviya nagar after him.
# A. T. Phillipson

Prof Andrew Tindal Phillipson FRSE (1910–1977) was a 20th-century British veterinary surgeon and physiologist.

## Life

He was born in London on 19 August 1910 the second son of John Tindal Phillipson and his wife, Cicely Gough Paterson. He was educated at Christ's College in Finchley in London. He then studied at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1931.
In 1947 he became Head of Physiology at the Rowett Research Institute, becoming Depute Director in 1952.
In 1953 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were David Cuthbertson, Ernest Cruickshank, William Ogilvy Kermack, Vero Wynne-Edwards and Robert Campbell Garry.
In 1963 he became Professor of Veterinary Clinical Studies at Cambridge University.
He died on 10 January 1977.

## Family

In 1936 he married Rachel Margaret Young, a sister of John Zachary Young. They had three sons.

## Publications

* Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (1970)
* Scientific Foundations of Veterinary Medicine (1980)
# Children's Songs

Children's songs are songs for children, which may include nursery rhymes set to music, songs that children invent and share among themselves, or modern creations intended for education or entertainment.
Children's songs may also refer to:
* Children's Songs (Chick Corea album), 1984
* Children's Songs (Li-Ron Choir album), 2012
* 6 Children's Songs, Op.66 (1914) by Alexander Gretchaninov
* Six voice and piano songs by Muriel Herbert (1897–1984):
** "Children's Song 1: Merry-go-round" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
** "Children's Song 2: The Gypsies" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
** "Children's Song 3: The Tadpole" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
** "Children's Song 4: Jack Spratt" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
** "Children's Song 5: Acorn and Willow" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
** "Children's Song 6: The Bunny" (Ada Harrison) [1938]
# Lou McEvoy

Louis Anthony McEvoy (May 30, 1902 – December 17, 1953) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. McEvoy played for the New York Yankees in 1930 and 1931. In 34 career games, he had a 1–3 record, with a 7.79 ERA. He batted and threw right-handed.
McEvoy was born in Williamsburg, Kansas and died in Webster Groves, Missouri.
# Della Penna

Della Penna is an Italian language and Spanish language surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claudio Della Penna (born 1989), Italian footballer
* Dolores Della Penna (died 1972), American murder victim
* Francesco della Penna (1680–1745), Capuchin missionary
# Pseuduvaria taipingensis

Pseuduvaria taipingensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. James Sinclair, the Scottish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Taiping a city in Perak, Malaysia where the specimen he examined was collected.

## Description

It is a small tree. The young, yellow to brown branches are densely hairy, but become hairless with maturity. Its egg-shaped to elliptical, slightly leathery leaves are 16.5-30 by 6-11.5 centimeters. The leaves have heart-shaped to rounded bases and tapering tips, with the tapering portion 14-23 millimeters long. The leaves are hairless. The leaves have 14-18 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its densely hairy petioles are 5 by 1.5-4 millimeters with a broad groove on their upper side. Its solitary Inflorescences occur on branches, and are organized on very densely hairy peduncles that are 1.5 by 1 millimeters. Each inflorescence has up to 1-2 flowers. Each flower is on a very densely hairy pedicel that is 18-20 by 0.5 millimeters. The pedicels are organized on a rachis up to 5 millimeters long that have 2 bracts. The pedicels have a medial, very densely hairy bract that is up to 1 millimeter long. Its flowers are unisexual. Its flowers have 3 free, triangular sepals, that are 1.5 by 1.5 millimeters. The sepals are hairless on their upper surface, densely hairy on their lower surface, and hairy at their margins. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The yellow, egg-shaped, outer petals are 2.5 by 2.5 millimeters with hairless upper and very densely hairy lower surfaces. The yellow, heart-shaped inner petals have a 4.5 millimeter long claw at their base and a 7.5 by 4.5 millimeter blade. The inner petals have heart-shaped bases and pointed tips. The inner petals are sparsely hairy on their upper surfaces and densely hairy on lower surfaces. The inner surface of the inner petals has a solitary, smooth, slightly raised, irregularly shaped gland. The male flowers have up to 40 stamens that are 0.5-0.8 by 0.5-0.8 millimeters. The solitary fruit are organized on sparsely hairy peduncles that are 5 by 1 millimeters. The fruit are attached by sparseliy hairy pedicles that are 18-26 by 1-1.5 millimeters. The yellow to brown-purple, globe-shaped fruit are 15-20 by 14-18 millimeters. The fruit are smooth, and densely hairy. Each fruit has up to 2-4 hemispherical to lens-shaped, wrinkly seeds that are 10 by 10 by 5 millimeters. Each seed has a 0.5-0.8 by 0.3-0.5 millimeter elliptical hilum. The seeds are arranged in two rows in the fruit.

### Reproductive biology

The pollen of P. taipingensis is shed as permanent tetrads.

## Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in dense forests below mountains at elevations up to 1400 meters.
# Acanthobrama tricolor

Acanthobrama tricolor, or the Damascus bream, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Syria and the Golan Heights, and is recently only known by two specimens found in the Masil al Fawwar river system in the late 1980s. It has been extirpated from the Barada river system, where it has not been seen since 1908. It is considered Critically Endangered, and may possibly be extinct, but no studies of the river systems in the Golan Heights have been conducted, and it may still survive there, but the lower Barada is now dry, and the middle portions of the river are heavily polluted.