OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barauni–Samastipur section

The Barauni–Samastipur section is a railway line connecting Barauni to Samastipur in the Indian state of Bihar. The 50.54 km (31 mi) line passes through the plains of North Bihar and the Gangetic Plain in Bihar.

## Electrification

Former Railway Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav announced for the electrification of the Barauni–Samastipur–Muzaffarpur–Hajipur line and Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur line (via Hajipur, Raxaul and Sitamarhi) in the Rail Budget 2008. The electrification began in 2011 and was completed in 2014.
The electrification work was completed in December 2014 itself. But the first passenger train to run with an electric locomotive was Maurya Express w.e.f. 23 November 2015.

## Stations

There are 9 stations between Barauni and Samastipur Junction.
| Station code | Station name | Distance (km) |
| BJU | Barauni | 0 |
| BUJ | Barauni Flag | 2.71 |
| TGA | Teghra | 7.35 |
| BCA | Bachwara Junction | 16.35 |
| STJT | Sathajagat | 22.80 |
| DSS | Dalsinghsarai | 27.34 |
| BSRA | Basarhia Halt | 31.57 |
| NAZJ | Nazirganj | 35.21 |
| UJP | Ujiarpur | 41.49 |
| BLRI | Belari Halt | 45.93 |
| SPJ | Samastipur Junction | 50.54 |

## Speed limit

The Barauni–Samastipur–Muzaffarpur–Hajipur line is not an A-Class line of Indian Railways. So maximum speed is restricted to 110 km/h.

## Sidings and workshops

The following sidings and workshops exist on the line:
* 100+ diesel locomotive yard capacity at Samastipur
* Freight terminal at Karpurigram railway station
* Workshop for wagon maintenance at Samastipur
* Barauni Thermal Power Station, Barauni
* Indian Oil Corporation, Barauni
* Major freight terminal at Garhara Yard
# Elasmopalpus angustellus

Elasmopalpus angustellus is a species of snout moths in the diverse subfamily Phycitinae. It was described by Émile Blanchard in 1852.$^{:108}$
Elasmopalpus lignosellus has been considered a synonym of E. lignosellus. Clarke (1965), however, re-investigated the two species and found E. angustellus to be a separate species that is confined to Chile and the Juan Fernández Islands, with material from Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and North America correctly assigned to E. lignosellus.$^{:67–68}$
# Elasmopus

Elasmopus is a cosmopolitan genus of amphipods in the family, Maeridae, and was first described in 1853 by Achille Costa. The type species is Elasmopus rapax Costa, 1853.

## Species

There are 143 species accepted by WoRMS Some appear below.
* Elasmopus aduncus Myers, 1995
* Elasmopus alalo Myers, 1986
* Elasmopus alkhiranensis Myers & Momtazi, 2015
* Elasmopus antennatus (Stout, 1913)
* Elasmopus arafura Hughes & Lowry, 2011
* Elasmopus arrawarra Hughes & Lowry, 2006
* Elasmopus atolgidus J.L. Barnard, 1965
* Elasmopus atollicus Myers, 2014
* Elasmopus balkomanus Thomas & J.L. Barnard, 1988
* Elasmopus hawaiensis Schellenberg, 1938
* Elasmopus holgurus J.L. Barnard, 1962
* Elasmopus hooheno J.L. Barnard, 1970
* Elasmopus hyperopia Hughes & Lowry, 2011
* Elasmopus incarocai Alves, Johnsson & Senna, 2016
* Elasmopus incomptus Hughes, 2015
* Elasmopus integer Myers, 1989
* Elasmopus japonicus Stephensen, 1932
* Elasmopus karamani Souza-Filho & Senna, 2009
* Elasmopus karlae García-Madrigal, 2010
* Elasmopus koreanus Kim & Kim, 1991
* Elasmopus laminischia Myers, 2016
* Elasmopus lapu Myers, 1985
* Elasmopus laufolii Myers, 1986
* Elasmopus lecroyae García-Madrigal, 2010
* Elasmopus lejeunei Souza-Filho & Senna, 2009
* Elasmopus lemaitrei Ortiz & Lalana, 1994
* Elasmopus leveque Hughes & Lowry, 2011
# Elasmopalpus corrientellus

Elasmopalpus corrientellus is a species of snout moths in the diverse subfamily Phycitinae. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1888 from a female specimen collected in the eponymous city of Corrientes in Northern Argentina.$^{:23}$ The species is considered misplaced in Elasmopalpus, but it is currently not clear to which genus it should be transferred.$^{:312}$
# Barbara Dosher

Barbara Dosher is an American scientist and academic specializing in neurology of human memory and attention processes. She is the former dean of the School of Social Sciences and a Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Sciences at University of California, Irvine. She is also the director of the Memory Attention Perception Lab at UC Irvine. Dosher is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Dosher received the 2018 Atkinson Prize in Psychological and Cognitive Sciences.

## Education and research

Barbara Dosher received a B.A. in psychology with a minor in biochemistry from the University of California, San Diego in 1973. She completed her research doctoral training at the University of Oregon in Experimental psychology in 1977. Currently, her primary research interests involve aspects of attentional processes and human memory, particularly forgetting and retrieval of implicit and explicit working memories. She also studies the neural mechanisms of perceptual task learning. Barbara is the co-author of two academic books on vision science: Perceptual Learning: How Experience Shapes Visual Perception and Visual Psychophysics: From Laboratory to Theory.

## Awards and honors

* 2018, Atkinson Prize in Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
# Elbow engine

An elbow engine is a piston-based steam engine typically fed by steam or compressed air to drive a flywheel and/or mechanical load. It is based on a mechanism known as a Hobson's joint. Although not commonly used today for practical purposes, it is still built by hobbyists for its rarity and unconventionality.

## Principle of operation

Elbow engines have two rotating, circular, cylinder blocks. Each block contains a ring of parallel cylinders and can itself rotate on a central axis, similar to a revolver cylinder. The two blocks are placed at 90° to each other. Each piston is L-shaped, and circular in cross section with one end fitted into each cylinder block. The two cylinder blocks rotate together, coupled only by the pistons. Engine output is taken from the rotation of one cylinder block.
Pressure is supplied to each cylinder by means of a fixed plate forming a plain thrust bearing with the back of the cylinder block. This has two openings in it which supply and exhaust steam to and from the cylinder; as the cylinder block rotates it opens and closes communication with each pipe. This method of valveless steam admission is also used on many basic oscillating cylinder engines. This arrangement results in a compact engine with a low part count, at the expense of including a large frictional surface.

## Problems

Despite their apparent simplicity, elbow engines can be difficult to troubleshoot. They are also known to splatter oil when operating.
# Bank Saloon

The Bank Saloon, at 418 S. Carson St. in Carson City, Nevada, was built in 1899. Also known as Jack's Bar, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It was deemed significant as "the representative of a class of establishments that have played a vital role in the social and political atmosphere of Carson City, essentially a small rural community that enjoys the honor of being Nevada's capitol." It opened August 19, 1899 and is apparently the longest continuously operating bar in Carson City, having served even through Prohibition. Being across from the Nevada State Capitol, it is believed to have had hosted many informal meetings that have affected the course of history in the state.$^{:3}$
The original Jack's Bar closed in June 2002, and the building fell into severe disrepair, including visibly leaning walls and nesting pigeons. Restoration work began in May 2017 and finished in 2020, with an official re-opening in November of that year as the Bank Saloon once more.
# Elections in Burundi

Burundi elects a head of state – the president – and a legislature on the national level. The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate (Sénat) has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party that is electorally successful. Parties are usually based on ethnic background.
# Electric City

Electric City may refer to:

## Places

* Electric City, Washington, U.S.
* Anderson, South Carolina, U.S., nicknamed Electric City
* New France, Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada, nicknamed Electric City
* Schenectady, New York, U.S., nicknamed Electric City
* Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S., nicknamed Electric City
** Electric City Trolley Museum, a Scranton trolley museum
* Kaukauna, Wisconsin, U.S., nicknamed Electric City
* Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, nicknamed Electric City
* Great Falls, Montana, U.S., nicknamed Electric City
* Brora, Sutherland, Scotland, nicknamed the Electric City

## Media

* Electric City (web series), a 2012 web series published online by Yahoo
* Electric City of Music Instructor
* "Electric City" (song), by the Black Eyed Peas
* "Electric City" (The Big O episode)

## Other

* Electric City FC, a Canadian soccer team located in Peterborough, Ontario
# Barber surgeon of Avebury

The barber surgeon of Avebury is a skeleton discovered in 1938 at Avebury henge monument in Wiltshire, England.
The body was found underneath a buried megalith by archaeologist Alexander Keiller in 1938. It was dated by coins to the early 14th century, and identified as a barber surgeon by a pair of scissors and a medical-looking probe. The stone was re-erected by Keiller. Keiller assigned the stone as Stone 38, with Isobel Smith renumbering as Stone 9. Many stones of the Avebury stone circle had been buried, presumably as a result of attempts to de-paganise the site or to clear land for agriculture.
The story of the barber surgeon is one that most visitors to the prehistoric Avebury stone circle will have heard. The traditional interpretation goes as follows; a pious traveller was assisting the folk of Avebury village in burying the pagan standing stones during the fourteenth century. As he was digging out the underside of a stone it fell over, crushing him and entombing him beneath it. Keiller lifted the stone (which was 3 metres tall and weighed 13 tons) to reinstate it in 1938 and found the man's remains underneath. Items found with the body including three silver coins dated to around 1320–25, as well as a pair of iron scissors and an iron probe led to him being identified as an itinerant mediaeval barber surgeon.
Keiller sent the remains to the curator of the museum at the Royal College of Surgeons, who he felt would appreciate the find. It was thought to have been destroyed during bombing in the Second World War but was rediscovered in a store at the Natural History Museum by Mike Pitts, the former curator of the Alexander Keiller Museum, Avebury, and re-examined in 1998. A large healed cut wound was noticed on the skull but no evidence of traumatic death was identified and it was suggested that the man had been buried beneath a stone rather than crushed by it.
# Pachystoma pubescens

Pachychila pubescens, commonly known as pink kunai orchid or as 粉口兰 (fen kou lan), is a plant in the orchid family. It is native to areas from Asia through Southeast Asia to New Guinea and northern Australia. It is a deciduous, terrestrial herb with one or two grass-like leaves and up to ten dull pink, more or less drooping flowers. It grows in wet, grassy places in forests and woodlands.

## Description

Pachystoma pubescens is a deciduous, terrestrial herb with one or two dark green, linear, pleated, sharply pointed leaves 300–450 mm (12–18 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide. Between four and ten resupinate, dull pink, more or less tubular, drooping flowers 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in)wide are borne on a flowering stem 300–600 mm (10–20 in) tall. The dorsal sepal is 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide and the lateral sepals are a similar length but 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with a humped base. The petals are a similar length to the sepals but narrower. The labellum is 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with three lobes. The middle lobe has a square tip and pimply surface and the side lobes curve upwards. Flowering occurs in November and December in Australia and March to September in Asia.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pachystoma pubescens was first described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume, in his Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. The specific epithet (pubescens) is derived from the Latin word pubesco meaning "put on the down of puberty"$^{:392}$ with the ending -escens meaning "beginning of" or "becoming",$^{:135}$ hence "pubescent".$^{:392}$

## Distribution and habitat

The pink kunal orchid often grows with grasses such as kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica) in woodland and forest areas that are seasonally wet. It occurs in China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, the Philippines, Vietnam and in Australia where it is found in northern parts of the Northern Territory and in Tropical North Queensland.
# Discopygiella

Discopygiella is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is distributed in the Neotropical realm.

## Species

* Discopygiella chiapensis Robinson, 1965 – Mexico, Panama
* Discopygiella discolor Robinson, 1965 – Mexico, Panama
* Discopygiella maculata Robinson, 1975 – Dominica
* Discopygiella setosa Robinson, 1965 – Mexico
* Discopygiella xerophila Robinson, 1965 – Mexico
# Discopyge

Discopyge is a small genus of fish, the apron rays, in the family Narcinidae.

## Species

* Discopyge castelloi Menni, Rincón & M. L. Garcia, 2008
* Discopyge tschudii Heckel, 1846 (Apron ray)
# Dimethyldiethoxysilane

Dimethyldiethoxysilane, sometimes abbreviated DMDEOS or DMDES, is an organosilicon compound. DMDEOS is a precursor in the production of the silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
DMDEOS is an intermediate silane useful for blocking hydroxyl and amino groups in organic synthesis reactions. This silylating step allows subsequent reactions to be carried out which would be adversely affected by the presence of active hydrogen in the hydroxyl or amine groups. Following the reaction step, hydroxyl or amine groups blocked with DMDEOS may be recovered by a hydrolysis procedure. DMDEOS is also used for preparing hydrophobic and release materials as well as enhancing flow of powders.
# Dimethylene triurea

Dimethylene triurea (DMTU) is the organic compound with the formula (H$_2$NC(O)NHCH$_2$NH)$_2$CO. It is a white water-soluble solid. The compound is formed by the condensation of formaldehyde with urea. Both branched and linear isomers exist.

## Applications

DMTU is an intermediate in the production of urea-formaldehyde resins.
Together with methylene diurea, DMTU is a component of some controlled-release fertilizers.
# Dipsas oneilli

Dipsas oneilli, O'Neill's tree snake, is a non-venomous snake found in Peru.
# Padfoot

Padfoot may refer to:
* Black dog (folklore), one of many names for ghostly black dogs reported across the United Kingdom
* Sirius Black, a fictional character from the Harry Potter universe, who can transform into a black dog
# Eisenhower College

Eisenhower College was a small college named after U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, located on Cayuga Lake in Seneca Falls, New York.

## History

Ground was broken on September 21, 1965, in a ceremony that featured President Eisenhower and his friend, Bob Hope.
The college's first class entered in September 1968. It was a liberal arts college. Private funds and two federal grants totaling $14.5 million helped establish the college.
A portion of the proceeds from the sale of each Eisenhower Dollar coin went to the college. This amounted to some $9 million between the coin's initial production in 1971 and 1978, when production ceased.
Eisenhower curricula were centered on a core set of courses collectively known as "World Studies". These mandatory courses examined the history of civilization from the ascent of Man through modern times in music, art, history, science, philosophy, and literature. Foreign language and physical education courses were also mandatory.
Until 1979, the campus housed the National Women's Hall of Fame.
In March 1979, the liberal arts college, which had a total enrollment of only 460 students and was experiencing financial difficulties, was acquired by Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).
RIT operated the college for three academic years. Then on July 22, 1982, RIT announced the immediate closing of Eisenhower College due to "major operating deficits". Students and faculty were given the opportunity to transfer to RIT's main campus for the 1982–83 school year. In 1979 when the merger had taken place, RIT had pledged to operate Eisenhower for at least five years. As a result, there were eventually unsuccessful lawsuits by the school's alumni and by the local organizations which had played a key role in the college's founding.
RIT made several efforts to sell the campus, including a proposal to turn it into a state prison. Hundreds of local residents appeared at events opposing the prison plan, and New York State agreed not to go forward with the plan.
RIT eventually deeded the campus to the U.S. Department of Education, which had provided construction loans. In 1989, the property was sold to the New York Chiropractic College which continues to operate on the campus. An archive of Eisenhower College material, donated by former professors and alumni, was stored at the campus library as of 2006.
# Direct injection expanded foam molding

Direct injection expanded foam molding (also known as injection molded foam) is a manufacturing process that creates soft foam products direct from a compound into a final product. This process eliminates the steps normally required for die-cutting and compression molding, because it manufactures the foam and the product, simultaneously.
The base resin, used in a complex formula, is an ethylene-based polyolefin elastomer (like polyethylene and EVA). Foam that is manufactured with these resins has many physical benefits. Unlike a sponge, foams from this process are closed-cell, meaning it's waterproof and resists mold, mildew, and bacteria from entering the material.
It is also cross-linked, which means that the cells are connected in a way that makes the foam strong and durable with high tear and tensile strength.
All polyolefin elastomers are also resistant to most chemicals, which allows the products to not only be used in a chemical environment but also with most household cleaners.
The process itself is known to be very interesting because the injected compound is not foam, until an endothermic reaction in a hot mold activates the blowing agents, resulting in an expanded foam part. This requires the mold cavity size to be smaller than the final part. The actual known expansion is created within the formula, so that when the part "self-ejects" from the mold at the end of the cycle, it grows to the required part size.
The cavity for a tire is considerably smaller than the final tire size. This process is valuable for any foam product that needs to have lots of detail. It needs to be very durable.
# Disability History Month

Disability History Month is an annual, month-long observance of the history of the disability rights movement, and commemoration of the achievements of disabled people, that occurs in some places.

## United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, an unofficial Disability History Month is observed by participating individuals and organizations. It was first marked in 2010 and annually scheduled to run from November 22 to December 22.

## United States
### Idaho

In 2007, legislation enacted in Idaho designated every October as Disability History Month.

### Massachusetts

Chapter 6 of the Massachusetts General Laws directs that the Governor of Massachusetts "shall annually issue a proclamation setting apart the month of October as Disability History Month to increase awareness and understanding of the contributions made by persons with disabilities".

### Missouri

In May 2011, the Missouri legislature passed House Bill 555, which authorizes school boards to require the provision of disability history and awareness instruction in public schools during the month of October of each year. House Bill 555 further designated the month of October to be "Disability History and Awareness Month".

### Washington

In the state of Washington, October is a statutorily designated civic holiday called Disability History Month. The bill establishing the holiday passed the state legislature in 2008 and is codified in Title 28A of the Revised Code of Washington in 2008. In addition to the ceremonial designation, the law also requires that "each public school shall conduct or promote educational activities that provide instruction, awareness, and understanding of disability history and people with disabilities".

### Similar observances

The U.S. Congress has statutorily designated the month of October as a recurring, civic holiday called "National Disability Employment Awareness Month".
The 82nd Texas Legislature statutorily designated October as a recurring, month-long civic holiday called "Persons with Disabilities History and Awareness Month" to "encourage public schools and state agencies to celebrate the accomplishments of people with disabilities, highlighting the achievements of Texans with disabilities who made significant contributions to the state and the extraordinary Americans who led the way in the disability rights movement".
Meanwhile Delaware, in 2011, designated October as "Disability History and Awareness Month".
# Districts and neighbourhoods of Appingedam

The Dutch municipality Appingedam is divided into districts and neighbourhoods for statistical purposes. The municipality is divided into the following statistical districts:
A statistical district may consist of several neighbourhoods. The table below shows the neighbourhood division with characteristic values according to the Statistics Netherlands (CBS, 2008):
| CBS-neighbourhood code | Neighbourhood name | Population | Area total (ha) | Area land (ha) |
| BU00030000 | Appingedam-Centrum | 2520 | 90 | 84 |
| BU00030001 | Appingedam-West | 3170 | 163 | 156 |
| BU00030002 | Appingedam-Oost | 5860 | 296 | 285 |
| BU00030007 | Verspreide huizen Damsterdiep en Eemskanaal | 340 | 558 | 541 |
| BU00030008 | Verspreide huizen ten zuiden van Eemskanaal | 100 | 587 | 562 |
| BU00030009 | Verspreide huizen ten noorden van Damsterdiep | 140 | 768 | 754 |
# Diolila

Dioila is a small town and seat of the commune of Kaladougou in the Cercle of Dioila in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. According to old aeronautical charts, the town was served by two airports: An old one near the town center and a new one across the river in the north. Recent maps and satellite imagery however show neither of the two.
# Elachista huron

Elachista huron is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Iowa.