OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fernando González de Marañón

Fernando González de Marañón (died April 1219) was the sixth Grand Master of the Order of Santiago from 1206 until 1210.
Fernando was born in the second half of the twelfth century. His family was of Navarrese origin, but active in the kingdom of Castile. He was the son of Count Gonzalo de Marañón, who may have been a member of the confraternity of Cáceres organized by Pedro Fernández de Castro, which became the Order of Santiago in 1170.
Fernando succeeded Suero Rodríguez as grand master in 1206. He resettled the domains owned by his order, granting fueros to Huélamo and Villarrubia de Santiago and new rights to Ocaña. He reached an agreement on cooperation with the Order of Calatrava and maintained good relations with the Papacy. Between 1207 and 1210, he received five bulls from Innocent III dealing with the rights of the order, its internal discipline and its relations with the secular clergy, among other things.
Since the truces that Alfonso VIII of Castile had signed with the Almohads prevented the order from fulfilling its purpose of fighting them, Fernando received Innocent III's approval to bring his knights into the service of King Peter II of Aragon. In 1210, he went from Uclés through Albarracín to join Peter II's offensive towards Valencia and Murcia. The knights of Santiago captured the fortresses of Jabaloyas, Villarquemado and Fontaner [es] before joining the siege of Montalbán. Peter left the siege early and the castle was captured by the knights. In June, Peter conferred it on them and it became their headquarters in Aragon.
Fernando resigned the mastership later in 1210 and died in April 1219. A contrary report is given by Francisco de Rades y Andrada [es], according to which Fernando died shortly after the conquest of Montalbán and was buried in Alarcón.
# Richard Muth

Richard Ferris Muth (May 14, 1927 – April 10, 2018) was an American economist who is considered to be one of the founders of urban economics (along with William Alonso and Edwin Mills).
Muth obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1958, with a thesis on non-farm housing demand.
# Gray Matters (2014 film)

Gray Matters is a 2014 documentary film that was written and directed by Marco Orsini. It premiered at the Architecture and Design Film Festival on 15 October 2014 in New York City and received a theatrical release on 28 May 2016. The film explores the life of architect and designer Eileen Gray.

## Synopsis

The documentary focuses on Eileen Gray, who worked in lacquer before launching a career as a designer, decorator, and later an architect. Her work in the field of architecture was largely overlooked until she was re-discovered.

## Reception

The Times gave the film four out of five stars, as they felt it was "a fascinating documentary on the great modernist designer and architect Eileen Gray". The Guardian gave Gray Matters three out of five stars, writing that "what makes this even more compelling is the supporting art-historical input from its numerous interviewees (I developed a particular soft spot for the dulcet-voiced Dr Jennifer Goff of the National Museum of Ireland), who collectively explicate Gray’s eclectic style, a playful, practical minimalism that evolved substantially over the years".
# Ballymacarbry

Ballymacarbry or Ballymacarberry (Irish: Baile Mhac Cairbre, meaning 'homestead of Cairbre's son') is a village in County Waterford, Ireland with an approximate population of 140 people. It is situated on the R671 regional road, approximately 17 km from Clonmel and 24 km from Dungarvan. The local Gaelic games club is The Nire–Fourmilewater.
Ballymacarbry is in the civil parish of Kilronan and in the historical barony of Glenahiry.
# Ravenscroft Stewart

Ravenscroft Stewart was an eminent Anglican priest in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Stewart was born in Newton Stewart on 23 June 1845, educated at Loretto; Uppingham and Trinity College, Cambridge and ordained in 1870. After a curacy in Bakewell he was Rector of Pleasley from 1871 to 1883; Vicar of All Saints Ennismore Gardens from 1884 to 1909; Archdeacon of Bristol from 1904 to 1910; and Archdeacon of North Wilts from 1910 to 1919.
He died at home in Burnham-on-Sea on 16 August 1921. His brother Henry, also a priest, was a member of the Wanderers team which won the FA Cup in 1873; and his son Weston was Bishop in Jerusalem from 1943 to 1957.
# Mountainman

The Mountainman is a single stage mountain ultramarathon in Switzerland.
The distance is approximately 80 km, with a total elevation gain of 5.000 m. It is widely regarded as the most difficult foot race in Switzerland and belongs to the most difficult races in Europe.
For the first time, the race was held in late August 2010 by the Association BergArena" and held annually in August.

## Route

The route follows with a few exceptions along existing nature trails. The start is at Trübsee. The first ascent to the Joch Pass begins after about one kilometer. Then form Tannalp to Balmeregghorn and from there to the Berner Oberland and Planplatten, through the Halsiberg and from there down to the lowest point on the Brünig Pass followed by the steepest ascent up to Lungern Schönbüel. It then continues through to the final 30 km moorlands and the last ascent to Mount Pilatus.

### Alternative competitions

It is also possible to participate on a shorter course or in a relay competition:
* "Mountainman Marathon": late entry, so only 42.195 kilometers and 2561 meters elevation
* "Mountainman Marathon 2x2": the shorter relay for two
* "Mountainman Ultra 2x2": the ultra-distance relay for two
* "Mountainman Ultra 4x4": the ultra-distance relay for four

## Rules

The regulations are developed according to the regulations of the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc. The Mountainman has its own ethics regulations and some equipment is mandatory throughout the race (backpack with band-aid, plasters, a long top and long pants, mobile phone).

## Statistics

So far the racing times from 2010 and 2011 are not really comparable, as the trail had been organized in the opposite direction in the first edition.

### Winners' list
#### Mountainman Ultra

| Year | Men | Time | Women | Time |
| 2011 | Hug Bernhard (SWI) | 9:06:07 | Anita Lehmann (SWI) | 10:29:17 |
| 2010 (opposite direction) | Urs Jenzer (SWI) | 08:23:05 | Anita Lehmann (SWI) | 09:45:52 |

#### Mountainman Marathon

| Year | Men | Time | Women | Time |
| 2011 | Martin Schmid (SWI) | 4:17:18 | Stefanie Minnig(SWI) | 5:10:49 |
| 2011 | Martin Schmid (SWI) | 4:17:18 | Stefanie Minnig(SWI) | 5:10:49 |

## Other

The event won the Prix Ecosport 2010 - Environmental Award for sporting events, awarded by the Swiss Olympic. To participate in the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc the Mountainman ULTRA is awarded with three qualification points, the Mountainman Marathon with one qualification point (five points required).
# Evernia illyrica

Evernia illyrica is a species of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae.
It is native to Europe.
# Darren Davies (Australian footballer)

Darren Davies (born 14 October 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray and St Kilda in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Davies began his senior football career in the NTFA playing with Launceston in that team's beaten Grand Final side of 1984. By 1986 he had moved to the TFL competition where he won the best and fairest award at North Hobart and was a member of their premiership side the following year.
After his strong performances for North Hobart, Davies was picked up by Footscray in the 1987 VFL Draft, with pick seven. He missed just one game for the club in 1988, his debut season, in which he had 343 disposals and kicked 21 goals. Most of his football was played at half forward or on a wing. He finished his career at St Kilda, after being selected by the club in the 1991 Pre-Season Draft.
# Richard Muyej

Richard Muyej Mangeze Mans is a Congolese politician.
In February 2010, he joined the government and in March 2012 he was appointed Minister of Interior, Security, Decentralization and customary affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He left the government at the reshuffle of the 7 December 2014. In 2016 he became governor of the province of Lualaba. On January 10, 2023, Richard Muyej left his post as governor of Lualaba to cede his post.
# Canton of Chalamont

The canton of Chalamont is a former administrative division in eastern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 8 communes, which joined the canton of Ceyzériat in 2015. It had 7,033 inhabitants (2012).
The canton comprised 8 communes:
* Chalamont
* Châtenay
* Châtillon-la-Palud
* Crans
* Le Plantay
* Saint-Nizier-le-Désert
* Versailleux
* Villette-sur-Ain

## Demographics

Historical population of Canton of Chalamont (Source: INSEE) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
| Population | 3 112 | 3 374 | 3 421 | 3 960 | 4 294 | 4 931 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |||||||
# Graham Reynolds

Graham Reynolds may refer to:
* Graham Reynolds (art historian) (1914–2013), English historian
* Graham Reynolds (composer) (born 1971), American composer
* Graham Reynolds (cricketer) (1937–2008), Welsh cricketer
# Bruno Verges

Bruno Verges (born 1 November 1975) is a French former professional rugby league footballer who played as a winger for the Catalans Dragons in the Super League.
# Ray Island

Ray Island, also known as the Ray, is a 40.5-hectare (100-acre) nature reserve west of Mersea Island in Essex. The site is a sandy hill rising out of an area of saltmarsh between Strood Channel and Ray Channel. The island is owned by the National Trust, who bought it in 1970. It was leased by the National Trust to the Essex Wildlife Trust, which managed the site. Following the cessation of the lease, the National Trust has resumed responsibility for the island's management.

## Wildlife

The island has rough grassland and a shingle foreshore. Its flora includes saltmarsh plants such as lax flowered sea-lavender, sea rush and golden samphire. Breeding birds include redshank, oystercatcher and shelduck.

## Environmental designations

The site has been designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Marine Conservation Zones (MCZ), Ramsar Site, Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and a Special Protection Area (SPA).

## Literature
### Mehalah

Ray Island was the setting for the novel Mehalah: A Story of the Salt Marshes by Sabine Baring-Gould, who was the rector of East Mersea for 10 years from 1871. Baring-Gould describes the island thus in the first chapter:
    A more desolate region can scarce be conceived, and yet it is not without beauty. In summer, the thrift mantles the marches with shot satin, passing through all gradations of tint from maiden's blush to lily white. Thereafter a purple glow steals over the waste, as the sea lavender bursts into flower, and simultaneously every creek and pool is royally fringed with sea aster. A little later the glasswort, that shot up green and transparent as emerald glass in the early spring, turns to every tinge of carmine.

### The Essex Serpent

The marshy landscape also formed part of the inspiration for The Essex Serpent, by Sarah Perry.

### The Turnglass

Ray and Mersea are the setting for The Turnglass, by Gareth Rubin.

## Folklore

A bear is said to have escaped from a ship onto the island and killed a group of fisherman who had landed there.
There is also the tale is of a drunkard who chased his wife and daughter into the marshes but he was drowned by the rising tide. It has been claimed that his shouts can be heard along with the panting of the mother and the baby's crying.
It is also claimed there is the ghost of a Roman centurion and the sound of a horse's hooves can be heard.

## Access

General public access is by boat via the Ray Channel from Mersea. If using your own boat, it is important to check the state and times of the tide. Camping, barbecues and fires are banned by the trust.
# Canton of Challans

The canton of Challans is an administrative division of the Vendée department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Challans.
It consists of the following communes:
* Apremont
* Bois-de-Céné
* Challans
* La Chapelle-Palluau
* Châteauneuf
* Falleron
* Froidfond
* La Garnache
* Grand'Landes
* Maché
* Palluau
* Saint-Christophe-du-Ligneron
* Saint-Étienne-du-Bois
* Saint-Paul-Mont-Penit
* Sallertaine
# Excelsior, South Africa

Excelsior is a small farming town in the Free State province of South Africa. It was formed by farmers in 1910 who wanted a town which was closer to them than Winburg and Ladybrand.
The farmers had to decide on which farm the town will be established. The two farms were Sunshine and Excelsior (Latin), which, translated to English means "Higher Up", or in Afrikaans "Hoër Op". The farm Excelsior was chosen due to its higher location. The first church was erected in the vicinity of where the Farmers Co-op is situated today. Excelsior was a newsworthy town in the late 1960s and early 1970s for 19 people contravening the Immorality Act under Apartheid Legislation (Also known as the Excelsior 19). A better understanding on what happened between white males and black females can be read in the book The Madonna of Excelsior by South African-born author, Zakes Mda.
The secondary asphalt roads were built in 1980 to 1984, and this helped not travelling on the gravel roads to Bloemfontein via Verkeerdevlei. Many accidents and deaths on the roads close to town occurred before the roads were upgraded.
Water to the town is supplied via boreholes, filled with good levels of fluoride and stored in sandstone reservoirs up at the "neck" on the road to Winburg. Today, a weather station is based in this small town, and very accurate readings help farmers plan for agricultural purposes.
# Dark Storm

Dark Storm is the third EP recorded and released by Australian four-piece musical group The Jezabels. It was released independently on 1 October 2010 ].
The EP debuted at number 40 on the ARIA Charts.
It received the Australian Independent Record (AIR) Award for 'Best Independent Single/EP' in 2011, with The Jezabels also taking away the 'Best Independent Artist' award the same year.
The single "Mace Spray" came in at number 16 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2010.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Hayley Mary, Heather Shannon, Sam Lockwood, and Nik Kaloper

## Charts

Chart performance for "Dark Storm" :
| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 40 |
# Elizabeth Rose Hanretty

Elizabeth Rose Hanretty MBE (1881–1967) was an Australian political activist. She was a prominent woman in the labour movement, and served as the Australian Labor Party's South Australian assistant state secretary for forty years.
Hanretty grew up in poverty after her father died, leaving his widow to raise young children. She was educated at the North Adelaide public school, but left school at twelve to provide an additional income for the household. She was a housemaid and helped with children, worked in a store in Rundle Street, and later worked as a presser in a laundry, where she joined the nascent Women Employees' Mutual Association, an early women's union, along with most of her colleagues. She was a keen reader despite her circumstances, and became heavily interested in politics; she subsequently studied typewriting at a business college on the basis that these skills would prove useful in that work. She joined the North Adelaide local committee of the Labor Party in 1905, and was heavily involved in the union, holding every executive position, and serving as its representative to the United Trades and Labour Council of South Australia.
Hanretty was a representative of employees on the first Laundries Wages Board from 1909, and in 1911 was appointed as one of three Trades and Labor Council representatives to that year's Royal Commission into the shortage of labour. In June 1913, she founded and served as the first president of the Women's Political Education Association. She was appointed as lady organiser of the Labor Party in April 1914, serving in the role in a period in which time Labor won the 1914 federal election and 1915 state election. She resigned from that role after eighteen months, feeling that there was less need for her services, and briefly returned to pressing laundry. In 1916, she was vice-president of the Anti-Conscription League during the 1916 referendum on introducing conscription during World War I. She was an assistant state secretary of the Australian Labor Party from 1917 until 1956. She was returning officer for the Labor preselection plebiscites for the 1924 state election. She served for nine years on the Mental Defectives Boards from the mid-1920s. She unsuccessfully sought the office of state secretary in 1924, though she would become the first woman to act in the role in 1947. She was the first president of the state Labor Women's Central Organising Committee in 1928, and was vice-president of the Labor Women's Interstate Executive in 1931.
She was a staunch advocate for a livable wage for all women workers, and opposed employment discrimination against married women. She also advocated for increased representation within the party, equal rights and privileges for women in public office, and for women's parental rights. She consistently encouraged other women to run for public office, although she never did so herself. Hanretty was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1957. Hanretty Place in the Canberra suburb of Bonython is named for her.
# Richard Smith (fl. 1584)

Richard Smith (fl. 1584) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cricklade in 1584.
# Canton of Chalon-sur-Saône-2

The canton of Chalon-sur-Saône-2 is an administrative division of the Saône-et-Loire department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Chalon-sur-Saône.
It consists of the following communes:
# Bammel, Texas

Bammel is an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States.
Bammel, eighteen miles north of downtown Houston at the intersection of Farm-to-Market Road 1960 (FM 1960) and Kuykendahl Road in north central Harris County, was established after the neighboring towns of Klein, Westfield, and Spring. It was named for Charles Bammel, a German Houstonian who built the Bammel and Kuehnle Merchandise store with his partner in 1915 and moved to the community for health reasons. A Bammel post office, for which Herman Kuehnle was the first postmaster, operated from 1916 until 1929. Bammel's store burned in 1927 but was later rebuilt to serve the new Bammel Forest subdivision. The town's population was reported as roughly fifty from 1929 until oil was discovered in the area in 1938. In 1943, the community reported two stores and a population of 200, but in 1949 its population was estimated at twenty. During the 1980s Bammel's residents were mainly commuters who worked in Houston. The community included two shopping centers, several schools, a hospital, and nearby cemeteries.

## Education

Spring Independent School District operates schools in the area.
In the 1900s, one school had 30 children taught by one teacher. The building was donated by a man named Mr. Harrell. A fire burned the building, and men from Spring helped rebuild the school. In 1900, a one-room school opened on the Bender Estate. One year later, it moved to Spring.

## Economy

The Bammel Gas Storage facility is one of the largest underground reservoir storage facilities in North America and is strategically located on the HPL gas pipeline system. Its capabilities include 118 billion cubic feet (BCF) of storage. The Houston Ship Channel and Houston's gas distribution company are important markets for gas stored at the Bammel facility. The facility was purchased by American Electric Power from Enron in 2001.
# Rathafandhoo

Rathafandhoo (Dhivehi: ރަތަފަންދޫ) is an inhabited island of the Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives.

## Geography

The island is 435.96 km (271 mi; 235 nmi) south of the country's capital, Malé. The island is located on the southwest side of South Huvadhu Atoll.

### Climate

The climate is warm and the weather is tropical year round. The temperature averages 25° to 32 °C. Monsoon runs from May to November. The islands are closely situated to the Indian coast, are strongly affected by mainland Asian weather patterns, though do not experience serious monsoons.

## Governance
### Police

In late 2008, the Maldives Police Service opened a station on the island, with three police personnel.

## Education

Primary and secondary education on the island is provided by Rathafandhoo School, with 155 students and 21 teachers. Pre-schools are available.

## Healthcare

The Health Centre provides basic health care to the islanders for minor injuries, cuts, common colds and flu. If a serious health issue arises, islanders must go to the regional hospital located in the atoll capital Thinadhoo. The journey takes about 45 minutes via speed boat.

## Economy

The most common sources of paid work for residents include mat weaving, agriculture, reef fishing and carpentry and fishing for sea cucumbers, tuna and reef fish.
The islanders are famous for handicrafts and making nets (kunaa), made from a local plant called Hau. Some islanders weave mats, as souvenirs for visitors.

### Sea cucumber fishery

One of the main economic activities on the island is the sea cucumber fishery. The island is the collection center and major base for sea cucumber fisherman who fish in the southern part of the Maldives (Huvadhoo, Fuvahmulah and Addu city.) More than 10 registered companies carry out collecting, cooking, and drying the sea cucumbers for export to China.

### NGOs

Several non-governmental organizations are registered on the island, including some inactive ones, such as RASFARI and READY (Rathafandhoo Eminent Association of Dynamic Youth).
# Coin Street Community Builders

Coin Street Community Builders (CSCB) is a development trust and social enterprise which seeks to make London's South Bank a better place in which to live, to work, to visit and to study. Since 1984 CSCB has transformed a largely derelict 13-acre site into a thriving mixed-use neighbourhood.

## History

Since its creation in 1984, CSCB redeveloped the Oxo Tower Wharf, Gabriel's Wharf, Bernie Spain Gardens and set up four housing co-operatives (Mulberry, Palm, Redwood and Iroko). The housing co-operatives are housed in new buildings commissioned by CSCB. Palm (also known as Broadwall) was designed by Lifschutz Davidson (now Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands) completed in 1994. Iroko was designed by architects Haworth Tompkins and was completed in 2001.
In 2007, CSCB occupied new offices at the Coin Street neighbourhood centre, also designed by Haworth Tompkins. As well as offices the building includes a day nursery and crèche, conference and meeting facilities.
CSCB also offers a variety of community programmes for people of all ages including youth clubs, sports and dance sessions and family and children's activities.
CSCB opposed the Garden Bridge project which would have been partially built on their land.

## Management

The Group Chairman is Dr Scott Rice. The Group Director is Iain Tuckett.
# Chaise (disambiguation)

A chaise is a light two- or four-wheeled traveling or pleasure carriage.
Chaise may also refer to:
* Chaise (river), a river in France
* Charles-Édouard Chaise (1759–1798), French neoclassical painter
* François de la Chaise (1624–1709), French Jesuit priest
* Julien Chaisse (born 1976), professor of law at the City University of Hong Kong