OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Milne Murray

Robert Milne Murray FRSE FRCPE FRSSA (6 May 1855 – 14 February 1904) was a Scottish surgeon and medical author. Specialising in gynaecology he ran the Edinburgh Maternity Hospital and Simpson Memorial Hospital, He was the first medical Electrician at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary but refused to patent any of the devices which he created and instead openly showed the apparatus to vising European colleagues to be freely copied.

## Life

He was born at Fettercairn on 6 May 1855 the son of the local schoolmaster.
He studied science at the University of St Andrews graduating with an MA around 1875. After some time assisting Prof Matthew Forster Heddle he went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine graduating with an MB ChB in 1879. He then became assistant to John Halliday Croom under whom he gained much knowledge in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology.
In 1886 he began lecturing in midwifery and diseases of women. He was President of the Gynaecological Society of Edinburgh and Vice President of the British Gynaecological Society. He was Vice President of the Royal Scottish Society of the Arts. He maintained a private laboratory at Rutland Square.
In 1888 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Thomas Richard Fraser, Alexander Crum Brown, Sir John Batty Tuke and William Evans Hoyle. In 1898 he was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh.
His final years were spent at 13 Chester Street in Edinburgh's West End, a mid-terraced Victorian townhouse.
He contracted pneumonia following a severe chill in November 1902. Despite retiring from active work and spending time in a Mediterranean climate the pneumonia remained. On 14 February 1904 he underwent an operation to adjust his ribs in an attempt to relieve his breathing. He died of a heart attack whilst under the anaesthetic aged 48.
He was buried in Dean Cemetery on 18 February 1904. The grave lies on the northern path of the first north extension, on the edge of the north-west section.

## Family

He was married to Margaret (1857 – 1937), they did not have any children.

## Publications

* Chemical Notes and Equations (1880)
* Post-Partum Incontinence of Urine (1881)
* Cessation of Respiration under Chloroform and its Restoration (1885)
* Physiological and Therapeutic Actions of Water at Different Temperatures (1886)
* Effects of Compression on the Shape of the Fetal Head (1888)
* Treatment of Pelvic Disease by Electricity (1890)
* The Axis Traction Forceps (1896)
* Deflection and Rotation of the Pregnant Uterus (1897)
* Relative Advantages of Forceps and Version (1896)
* Spontaneous Rupture of Uterus
# Epipsestis albicosta

Epipsestis albicosta is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Yoshimoto in 1993. It is found in Nepal.
# Chaube Jagirs

The Chaube Jagirs, also known as Kalinjar Chaubes, jagir states were a group of five feudal states of Central India during the period of the British Raj. They were a British protectorate from 1823 to 1947 and belonged to the Bagelkhand Agency. Their last rulers acceded to India in 1948.

## History

Raja Chhatrasal of Panna State appointed Mandhata Chaube as the killedar of fort Kalinjar. His father Gangaram Chaube, a Jujhautiya Brahmin, commanded Chhatrasal when he raised the banner of revolt against the Mughals in Bundelkhand. Mandhata also repelled many Mughal attempts to occupy the fort. Kherandesh Khan, the faujdar of Itawa, attacked Kalinjar in 1701, but could not capture fort because of Mandhata's stiff resistance.
Later Chaube Brahmin officials rose from gentry to nobility. The owners of the first four estates were descendants of Ram Kishan, the former governor of Kalinjar under Raja Hirde Sah of Panna. Ram Kishan Chaube lost the siege of Kalinjar Ali Bahadur I died during the long siege. Later Chaubes occupied the fort and Ram Kishan declared Independence.
In 1862 the jagirdars were granted a sanad of adoption. The rule was that when no heirs were available an estate was split between the other members. The initial nine principalities by 1839 were reduced by two. In 1855 one estate was seized owing to the implication of the ruler in a murder case. In 1864 another principality was extinguished, leaving only five.
The Jagirdars were under the Bundelkhand Agency of the Central India Agency until 1896 when they were transferred to the Baghelkhand Agency. In 1931 they returned to the Bundelkhand Agency.

## Chaube estates

The five surviving estates were:
* Bhaisunda
* Kamta-Rajaula
* Pahra
* Paldeo
* Taraon

### Annexed by the British

Three states were confiscated by the British:
* Purwa with nine villages and an area of 53.18 km$^2$ was annexed in 1855.
* Nayagaon with 18 villages and an area of 65.11 km$^2$ was annexed in 1864.
# Carton de Wiart

Carton de Wiart is the surname of a family of the Belgian nobility. Notable people with the surname include:
* Henry Carton de Wiart (1869–1951), 23rd Prime Minister of Belgium (1920–1921)
* Adrian Carton de Wiart (1880–1963), British general and cousin of Henry
# Batson venous plexus

The Batson venous plexus (Batson veins) is a network of valveless veins in the human body that connect the deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins (draining the inferior end of the urinary bladder, breast and prostate) to the internal vertebral venous plexuses. Because of their location and lack of valves, they are believed to provide a route for the spread of cancer metastases. These metastases commonly arise from cancer of the pelvic organs such as the rectum and prostate and may spread to the vertebral column or brain. The plexus is named after anatomist Oscar Vivian Batson, who first described it in 1940. Batson's plexus is part of the Cerebrospinal venous system.
Batson's venous plexus may also allow the spread of infection in a similar manner. neuroschistomiasis, Urinary tract infections like pyelonephritis have been shown to spread to cause osteomyelitis of the vertebrae via this route. The osteomyelitis in such a case will resolve concurrently with the same antibiotic that treats the urinary tract infection because both infections are from the same organism.
# De La Rue baronets

The de la Rue Baronetcy, of Cadogan Square in Chelsea in the County of London, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 17 June 1898 for Thomas de la Rue, Chairman of Thomas de la Rue and Co.

## de la Rue baronets, of Cadogan Square (1898)

* Sir Thomas Andros de la Rue, 1st Baronet (1849–1911)
* Sir Evelyn Andros de la Rue, 2nd Baronet (1879–1950)
* Sir Eric Vincent de la Rue, 3rd Baronet (1906–1989)
* Sir Andrew George Ilay de la Rue, 4th Baronet (1946–2020)
* Sir Edward Walter Henry de la Rue (born 1986)
The heir presumptive is the present holder's brother Harry William John de la Rue (born 1989).
# List of football clubs in French Polynesia

The following is a list of association football clubs in French Polynesia.
* AS Central Sport
* AS Dragon
* AS Excelsior
* AS Fei Pi
* AS Maire Nui
* AS Manu-Ura
* AS Mataiea
* AS Mira
* AS Papenoo
* AS Pirae
* AS Pueu
* AS Roniu
* AS Samine
* AS Tamarii Faa'a
* AS Tefana
* AS Toanui
* AS Vaiete
* AS Vairao
* AS Vénus
# Category Woman

Category: Woman is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Phyllis Ellis and released in 2022. The film centres on the cases of Dutee Chand, Evangeline Makena, Annet Negesa and Margaret Wambui, four female athletes whose medical privacy and human rights were violated over the issue of sex verification in sports. It also draws on, but does not centre, the related stories of Caster Semenya, Francine Niyonsaba and Christine Mboma.
The film premiered at the 2022 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, before being broadcast on television by TVOntario in March 2023.

## Awards

Ellis won the Social Responsibility Award at the 2023 Canadian Sport Awards for the film, and was shortlisted for the 2023 DGC Allan King Award for Best Documentary Film.
The film was a nominee for the Donald Brittain Award for best social or political television documentary at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.
# Royal York Royals

The Royal York Royals are a defunct Junior "A" ice hockey team from North York, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. The team was based at Downsview Arena in the Downsview neighbourhood. The team was originally named the Downsview Bees from 1971–1972, the Downsview Beavers from 1972–1974, and the Royal York Royals from 1974–1980.

## History

The Downsview Bees started operations in 1971, as part of the Metro Junior B league. In 1972, the team was one of six Metro teams to join the new OPJHL, changing its name to Beavers to reflect that they no longer were playing "Junior B" hockey. They became the Royals in 1974 and started having some success. After four consecutive years near the top of the league and little playoff success, the Royals folded in 1980.
In 1978, the Royals made it to the league finals to contend for the Buckland Trophy. Their opponent was the Guelph Platers. The Platers defeated the Royals 4-games-1. An incident in a 1975 game against the Markham Waxers where the Royals' goalkeeper, Kim Crouch, had his throat slashed open when diving into a fray lead to the development of the Kim Crouch collar, a protective neck-guard that was eventually adopted widely hockey players.

## Season-by-season results

| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | P | Results | Playoffs |
| Downsview Bees |||||||||||
| 1971–72 | 44 | 6 | 36 | 2 | - | 115 | 330 | 14 | 11th Metro B | |
| Downsview Beavers |||||||||||
| 1972–73 | 44 | 12 | 21 | 11 | - | 198 | 257 | 35 | 9th OPJHL | |
| 1973–74 | 44 | 4 | 36 | 4 | - | 158 | 265 | 12 | 12th OPJHL | |
| Royal York Royals |||||||||||
| 1974–75 | 44 | 5 | 36 | 3 | - | 172 | 296 | 13 | 12th OPJHL | |
| 1975–76 | 44 | 16 | 21 | 7 | - | 194 | 220 | 39 | 10th OPJHL | |
| 1976–77 | 44 | 21 | 16 | 7 | - | 211 | 199 | 49 | 4th OPJHL | |
| 1977–78 | 50 | 33 | 11 | 6 | - | 288 | 214 | 72 | 3rd OPJHL | Lost final |
| 1978–79 | 50 | 33 | 13 | 4 | - | 272 | 190 | 70 | 2nd OPJHL | |
| 1979–80 | 44 | 25 | 12 | 7 | - | 277 | 203 | 57 | 2nd OPJHL | |

### Playoffs

* 1973 DNQ
* 1974 DNQ
* 1975 DNQ
* 1976 Lost Preliminary
    Toronto Nationals defeated Royal York Royals 3-games-to-2
* 1977 Lost semi-final
    Royal York Royals defeated Wexford Raiders 4-games-to-2
    North York Rangers defeated Royal York Royals 4-games-to-2
* 1978 Lost final
    Royal York Royals defeated Newmarket Flyers 4-games-to-2
    Royal York Royals defeated Dixie Beehives 4-games-to-none
    Guelph Platers defeated Royal York Royals 4-games-to-1
* 1979 Lost quarter-final
    North York Rangers defeated Royal York Royals 4-games-to-3
* 1980 Lost final
    Royal York Royals defeated North Bay Trappers 4-games-to-3
    Royal York Royals defeated Aurora Tigers 4-games-to-2
    North York Rangers defeated Royal York Royals 4-games-to-1
# Robert Stoltz

Robert Stoltz (born 10 August 1976) is a Swedish football defender.
He joined the Djurgårdens IF for the 2006 season, leaving Kalmar FF. After two seasons with the club he was put on loan to Enköpings SK for the rest of the 2008 season. Stoltz got little time on the pitch being capped only 27 times. His only goal was scored against IF Elfsborg during the 2007 season. He started his career at Lira Luleå BK in Luleå and has also represented Bodens BK.
# Eosentomon sawasdi

Eosentomon sawasdi is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.
# DNŠ Zavrč

Društvo nogometna šola Zavrč or simply DNŠ Zavrč is a Slovenian football club from Zavrč. As of the 2024–25 season, they play in the Slovenian Third League, the third tier of Slovenian football. The club was founded in 2016.

## History

DNŠ Zavrč was founded in 2016 as the successor club of NK Zavrč, which went bankrupt during the 2016–17 season. Legally, the two clubs' records and honours are kept separate by the Football Association of Slovenia.

## Stadium

Zavrč Sports Park, also known as Zavrč Stadium, is located in Zavrč. The stadium received floodlights in May 2012. However, the floodlights were removed in 2017 and sold to Aluminij due to financial problems of the club. In 2013 the stadium was completely renovated with the old stand demolished and a new main stand constructed, which opened in 2015. The stand has a seating capacity of 962.

## Honours

* Slovenian Fifth Division
       Winners: 2018–19
* Slovenian Sixth Division
       Winners: 2017–18

## Season-by-season record

| Season | League | Position | Cup |
| 2017–18 | MNZ Ptuj 2. Class (level 6) | 1st | Did not qualify |
| 2018–19 | MNZ Ptuj 1. Class (level 5) | 1st | Did not qualify |
| 2019–20 | Ptuj Super League (level 4) | 8th | Did not qualify |
| 2020–21 | Ptuj Super League (level 4) | 1st | Did not qualify |
| 2021–22 | 3. SNL – East | 9th | Did not qualify |
| 2022–23 | 3. SNL – East | 8th | Round of 16 |
| 2023–24 | 3. SNL – East | 9th | Round of 32 |
* ↑ The season ended early due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Zavrč was promoted with a draw conducted by the Football Association of Slovenia.
# Casa Museu Fernando de Castro

Visiting only by booking, the Casa Museu Fernando de Castro (Fernando de Castro's House Museum) is a historical house, located in the city of Porto, Portugal, that belonged to Fernando de Castro, a Portuguese poet, caricaturist, merchant and collector. It contains several paintings from the 17th to the 20th century, sculptures and ceramic pieces. The museum is now under administration of the Soares dos Reis National Museum.

## History

Born in 1889 into a family of wealthy merchants, Fernando de Castro inherited a partnership from his father in a commercial company, with shops and offices in several parts of Porto. However, de Castro was not very fond of administrative and business affairs. He dedicated himself to writing and drawing, producing a vast number of cartoons and caricatures. He also published some verse and prose works. De Castro was also an eager collector and lover of art, managing to gather several national and international pieces spanning from the 17th to the 20th century. After his death, in 1952, his sister donated his collection and house to the Portuguese state.

## House

Located in Paranhos, a parish of the city of Porto, the house is quite humble from the outside. The interior is finely elaborated and decorated in baroque style, with extensive use of gilded woodcarving resembling that in the majority of churches of the city. It contains several sacred art statues and ceramics of Rafael Bordalo and Teixeira Lopes. The paintings on exhibit include works of several Portuguese painters, including José Malhoa, António Carneiro, Henrique Pousão and Silva Porto.
# Eilema paupercula

Eilema paupercula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae found on Madagascar. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1965.
# Batskelevich Cavalry Group

The Batskelevich Cavalry Group was a cavalry formation of the Red Army during World War II.
Formed on 18 July 1941 in the Western Front under the command of the 32nd Cavalry Division's commander.
This was the first of the Cavalry Groups formed during the war. The group operated as a raiding force on the flank and rear of the German 2nd Army and 2nd Panzer Corps. The group made several raids prior to the front stabilizing in August. The group was disbanded in September 1942.

## Composition

* 32nd Cavalry Division
* 43rd Cavalry Division
* 47th Cavalry Division
# Decanter (sculpture)

Decanter is an outdoor 1987 sculpture by Frank Stella, installed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston's Lillie and Hugh Roy Cullen Sculpture Garden in the U.S. state of Texas. It is made of stainless steel, bronze, and carbon steel, and was purchased using monetary contributions from the Alice Pratt Brown Museum Fund. According to the museum, the piece "offers a exuberant collage of forms which bursts out into space".
# List of defunct Mississippi sports teams

This is a list of former sports teams from the US state of Mississippi:

## Baseball
### Minor Leagues
#### Big South League

* Tupelo Tornado (1997–1998)

#### Central Baseball League

* Jackson Senators II (2002–2005)

#### Cotton States League

* Greenwood Dodgers (1934–1940 1947, 1952)
* Jackson Senators I (pre-1953)

#### Texas League

* Jackson Mets (1975–1990)
* Jackson Generals (1991)

#### Texas–Louisiana League

* Greenville Bluesmen

## Basketball
### Global Basketball Association

* Jackson Jammers 1992-93
* Mississippi Coast Sharks 1992-93

## Football
### Indoor
#### Indoor Professional Football League

* Mississippi Fire Dogs (1999–2002)
* Tupelo FireAnts (2001–2004)

#### United Indoor Football

* Tupelo FireAnts (2005)
* Mississippi Mudcats (2007–2008)

#### North American Football League

Gulf Coast Stingrays (2000-2001)

## Hockey
### Minor Leagues
#### Western Professional Hockey League

* Tupelo T-Rex (1998–2001)

#### America West Hockey League

* Tupelo T-Rex (2001–2003)

#### East Coast Hockey League

* Jackson Bandits (1999–2003)
# Context-aware services

Context-aware services is a computing technology which incorporates information about the current location of a mobile user to provide more relevant services to the user. An example of a context-aware service could be a real-time traffic update or even a live video feed of a planned route for a motor vehicle user. Context can refer to real-world characteristics, such as temperature, time or location. This information can be updated by the user (manually) or from communication with other devices and applications or sensors on the mobile device.
# Roberts cross

The Roberts cross operator is used in image processing and computer vision for edge detection. It was one of the first edge detectors and was initially proposed by Lawrence Roberts in 1963. As a differential operator, the idea behind the Roberts cross operator is to approximate the gradient of an image through discrete differentiation which is achieved by computing the sum of the squares of the differences between diagonally adjacent pixels.

## Motivation

According to Roberts, an edge detector should have the following properties: the produced edges should be well-defined, the background should contribute as little noise as possible, and the intensity of edges should correspond as close as possible to what a human would perceive. With these criteria in mind and based on then prevailing psychophysical theory Roberts proposed the following equations:
    $y_{i,j}={\sqrt {x_{i,j}}}$
    $z_{i,j}={\sqrt {(y_{i,j}-y_{i+1,j+1})^{2}+(y_{i+1,j}-y_{i,j+1})^{2}}}$
where x is the initial intensity value in the image, z is the computed derivative and i,j represent the location in the image.
The results of this operation will highlight changes in intensity in a diagonal direction. One of the most appealing aspects of this operation is its simplicity; the kernel is small and contains only integers. However with the speed of computers today this advantage is negligible and the Roberts cross suffers greatly from sensitivity to noise.

## Formulation

In order to perform edge detection with the Roberts operator we first convolve the original image, with the following two kernels:
    ${\begin{bmatrix}+1&0\\0&-1\\\end{bmatrix}}\quad {\mbox{and}}\quad {\begin{bmatrix}0&+1\\-1&0\\\end{bmatrix}}.$
Let $I(x,y)$ be a point in the original image and $G_{x}(x,y)$ be a point in an image formed by convolving with the first kernel and $G_{y}(x,y)$ be a point in an image formed by convolving with the second kernel. The gradient can then be defined as:
    $\nabla I(x,y)=G(x,y)={\begin{bmatrix}G_{x}\\G_{y}\end{bmatrix}},\;\left\|\nabla I(x,y)\right\|={\sqrt {G_{x}^{2}+G_{y}^{2}}}.$
The direction of the gradient can also be defined as follows:
    $\Theta (x,y)=\arctan {\left({\frac {G_{y}(x,y)}{G_{x}(x,y)}}\right)}-{\frac {3\pi }{4}}.$
Note that angle of 0° corresponds to a vertical orientation such that the direction of maximum contrast from black to white runs from left to right on the image.

## Example comparisons

Here, four different gradient operators are used to estimate the magnitude of the gradient of the test image.
| Grayscale test image of brick wall and bike rack | Gradient magnitude from Roberts cross operator | Gradient magnitude from Sobel operator |
| Gradient magnitude from Scharr operator | Gradient magnitude from Prewitt operator |
# Epeiroides

Epeiroides is a genus of orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Epeiroides bahiensis. It was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1885, and has only been found in Costa Rica and Brazil.
# Cyclopeplus peruvianus

Cyclopeplus peruvianus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1939.
# Monothalamea

"Monothalamea" is a grouping of foraminiferans, traditionally consisting of all foraminifera with single-chambered tests. Recent work has shown that the grouping is paraphyletic, and as such does not constitute a natural group; nonetheless, the name "monothalamea" continues to be used by foraminifera workers out of convenience.

## Classification

"Monothalamea" traditionally contains two groups, neither of which is currently considered to be monophyletic:
* "Allogromiida" traditionally consists of all foraminifera which lack a mineralised test, instead having a test of tectin. Recent work has shown that this grouping is paraphyletic.
* "Astrorhizida" traditionally consists of all foraminifera with single-chambered, agglutinated tests. Recent work has shown that this grouping is polyphyletic, as agglutinated tests have evolved from proteinaceous tests multiple times throughout foraminiferal evolution.
Recent molecular evidence has revealed that the deep-sea xenophyophores are in fact agglutinated, single-chambered foraminifera. Molecular evidence has also revealed that the freshwater protist Reticulomyxa is in fact a naked, testless foraminifera, and as such it has been included with "monothalameans" in scientific discussion.
A 2013 molecular study using small subunit rDNA concluded that known "monothalameans" made up at least 22 distinct living clades from marine environments with an additional four clades from freshwater eDNA.