# Northern Maori

Northern Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Eastern Maori, Western Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Northern Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Tokerau electorate.

## Population centres

The electorate included the following population centres: Auckland, Whangārei.

## Tribal areas

The electorate included the following tribal areas:

## History

The Northern Maori electorate boundary was in South Auckland. It extended from Auckland City north to Northland, and had only minor boundary changes from 1868 to 1996.
The first member of parliament for Northern Maori from 1868 was Frederick Nene Russell; he retired in 1870. The second member of parliament from 1871 to 1875 and in 1887 was Wi Katene.
In the 1879 election there was some doubt about the validity of the election result, and a law was passed to confirm the result in Northern Maori and two other electorates.
The electorate was held by Labour from 1938. Paraire Karaka Paikea died in 1943, and was replaced by his son Tapihana Paraire Paikea.
In 1979, Matiu Rata resigned from the Labour Party as a protest against Labour policies. In 1980 he resigned from Parliament, but came second in the subsequent by-election. The by-election was won by the Labour candidate, Bruce Gregory.
Tau Henare won the electorate from Gregory for New Zealand First in 1993; a foretaste of the success of Henare and the other New Zealand First candidates (known as the Tight Five) in the Māori electorates in 1996. In 1996 with MMP, the Northern Maori electorate was replaced by Te Tai Tokerau, and won by Henare.
Tau Henare is a great-grandson of Taurekareka Henare who had held the electorate for the Reform Party from 1914 to 1938.

### Members of Parliament

The Northern Maori electorate was represented by 15 Members of Parliament:
Key
Independent Liberal Reform National Labour NZ First
| Election | Winner |
| 1868 Māori election | Frederick Nene Russell |
| 1871 election | Wi Katene |
| 1876 election | Hori Tawhiti |
| 1879 election | Hone Tawhai |
| 1881 election | Hone Tawhai |
| 1884 election | Ihaka Hakuene |
| 1887 by-election | Wi Katene |
| 1887 election | Sydney Taiwhanga |
| 1890 election | Sydney Taiwhanga |
| 1891 by-election | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa |
| 1893 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1896 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1899 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1901 by-election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1902 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1905 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1908 election | Hone Heke Ngapua |
| 1909 by-election | Te Rangi Hīroa |
| 1911 election | Te Rangi Hīroa |
| 1914 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1919 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1922 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1925 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1928 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1931 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1935 election | Taurekareka Henare |
| 1938 election | Paraire Karaka Paikea |
| 1943 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1946 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1949 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1951 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1954 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1957 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1960 election | Tapihana Paraire Paikea |
| 1963 by-election | Matiu Rata |
| 1963 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1966 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1969 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1972 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1975 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1978 election | Matiu Rata |
| 1980 by-election | Bruce Gregory |
| 1981 election | Bruce Gregory |
| 1984 election | Bruce Gregory |
| 1987 election | Bruce Gregory |
| 1990 election | Bruce Gregory |
| 1993 election | Tau Henare |

## Election results

Note that the affiliation of many early candidates is not known.

### 1993 election

1993 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | NZ First | Tau Henare | 5,654 | 33.75 | |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 5,238 | 31.27 | −17.71 |
| | Alliance | Matiu Rata | 4,422 | 26.39 | −14.50 |
| | National | Dick Dargaville | 709 | 4.23 | −5.88 |
| | Mana Māori | Leslie Te Kooti | 443 | 2.64 | |
| | Christian Heritage | Tui Cruickshank | 209 | 1.24 | |
| | Natural Law | Mere Austin | 75 | 0.44 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 416 | 2.48 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,750 | 64.32 | +3.78 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 26,041 | | |

### 1990 election

1990 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 5,789 | 48.98 | −8.93 |
| | Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 4,833 | 40.89 | +9.32 |
| | National | Dick Dargaville | 1,195 | 10.11 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 956 | 8.09 | −18.24 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,817 | 60.54 | −10.24 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 19,517 | | |

### 1987 election

1987 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 7,760 | 57.91 | −11.58 |
| | Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 4,231 | 31.57 | +13.11 |
| | National | E Albert | 1,079 | 8.05 | |
| | Democrats | P H McKay | 329 | 2.45 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,529 | 26.33 | −24.69 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13,399 | 70.78 | −5.73 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 18,928 | | |

### 1984 election

1984 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 10,471 | 69.49 | +15.40 |
| | Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,783 | 18.46 | −4.50 |
| | National | W Henskes | 949 | 6.29 | |
| | NZ Party | Fred Brown | 492 | 3.26 | |
| | Social Credit | I Joyce | 373 | 2.47 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7,688 | 51.02 | +20.95 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,068 | 76.51 | +2.93 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 19,693 | | |

### 1981 election

1981 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 6,368 | 54.09 | +1.68 |
| | Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,703 | 22.96 | −14.94 |
| | Social Credit | P Campbell | 1,573 | 13.36 | |
| | National | Joan Tautari | 1,004 | 8.52 | |
| | Independent | H G B Birch | 124 | 1.05 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,541 | 30.07 | +15.56 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,772 | 73.58 | +32.20 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 15,997 | | |

### 1980 by-election

1980 Northern Maori by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Bruce Gregory | 3,580 | 52.41 |
| | Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,589 | 37.90 |
| | Social Credit | Joe Toia | 560 | 8.20 |
| | Cheer Up | Wallace Hetaraka | 80 | 1.17 |
| | Christian Democratic | Tom Weal | 13 | 0.19 |
| | Reform Party | P Te W Warner | 9 | 0.13 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 991 | 14.51 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,831 | 41.38 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### 1978 election

1978 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,071 | 71.46 | +1.77 |
| | Social Credit | Joe Toia | 1,227 | 14.44 | +8.63 |
| | National | Grant Pirihi | 1,049 | 12.34 | |
| | Values | Christine Marriner-Grubb | 148 | 1.74 | −0.94 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,844 | 57.02 | +8.71 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,495 | 37.04 | −21.34 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 22,933 | | |

### 1975 election

1975 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,988 | 69.69 | −8.02 |
| | National | Winston Peters | 1,873 | 21.79 | |
| | Social Credit | Joe Toia | 500 | 5.81 | −1.01 |
| | Values | Christine Marriner-Grubb | 231 | 2.68 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,151 | 48.31 | −16.82 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,592 | 58.38 | −16.58 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,715 | | |

### 1972 election

1972 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,276 | 77.71 | −3.03 |
| | National | Graham Latimer | 1,016 | 12.58 | −4.38 |
| | Social Credit | Joe Toia | 551 | 6.82 | |
| | New Democratic | Dover Samuels | 147 | 1.82 | |
| | Ind. Social Credit | Matakino Sadler | 86 | 1.06 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,260 | 65.13 | −7.42 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,076 | 74.96 | −1.32 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,773 | | |

### 1969 election

1969 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,157 | 74.68 | +7.09 |
| | National | Graham Latimer | 1,399 | 16.96 | |
| | Social Credit | Peta Wairua | 688 | 8.34 | −5.48 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,758 | 57.71 | +8.70 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,244 | 76.28 | +5.83 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,807 | | |

### 1966 election

1966 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,926 | 67.59 | +9.23 |
| | National | F R Wilcox | 1,629 | 18.58 | |
| | Social Credit | Peta Wairua | 1,212 | 13.82 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,297 | 49.01 | +28.24 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,767 | 70.45 | −10.58 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,444 | | |

### 1963 election

1963 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,965 | 58.36 | +16.32 |
| | National | James Henare | 3,842 | 37.58 | +1.62 |
| | Social Credit | William Clarke | 374 | 3.65 | −0.98 |
| | Independent | B Birch | 40 | 0.39 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,123 | 20.77 | +14.69 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,221 | 81.03 | +22.93 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,613 | | |

### 1963 by-election

1963 Northern Maori by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Matiu Rata | 3,090 | 42.04 | |
| | National | James Henare | 2,643 | 35.96 | |
| | Independent Labour | Eru Moka Pou | 562 | 7.65 | |
| | Social Credit | William Clarke | 340 | 4.63 | −11.38 |
| | Independent | Te Kaiaraiha Hui | 268 | 3.65 | |
| | Independent | Whina Cooper | 257 | 3.50 | |
| | Independent Labour | Paikea Henare Toka | 143 | 1.95 | |
| | Independent | Hohaia Tokowha Mokaraka | 25 | 0.34 | |
| | Kauhanganui | Hemi Kuit Peita | 22 | 0.30 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 447 | 6.08 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,350 | 58.10 | −17.49 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,651 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |

### 1960 election

1960 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,454 | 60.78 | −4.11 |
| | National | George Russell Harrison | 2,082 | 23.20 | |
| | Social Credit | William Clarke | 1,437 | 16.01 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,372 | 37.57 | −10.86 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,973 | 75.59 | −6.91 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,870 | | |

### 1957 election

1957 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,774 | 64.89 | −0.39 |
| | National | Timothy James Davis | 1,464 | 16.45 | |
| | Social Credit | Tuhirangi Maihi | 773 | 8.68 | +6.14 |
| | Independent Labour | Hoori Arapeti Henare Sutherland | 529 | 5.94 | |
| | Ind. Social Credit | Walter Tepania | 319 | 3.58 | |
| | Kauhanganui | Paepae Witehaka | 39 | 0.43 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,310 | 48.43 | +1.39 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,898 | 82.50 | −17.79 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,785 | | |

### 1954 election

1954 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 6,154 | 65.28 | +4.05 |
| | National | Tono Waetford | 1,719 | 18.23 | |
| | Social Credit | Mahuika Otene | 1,314 | 13.93 | |
| | Independent | Tuhirangi Maihi | 240 | 2.54 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,435 | 47.04 | +24.58 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,427 | 100.29 | +4.82 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,399 | | |

### 1951 election

1951 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,812 | 61.23 | +2.25 |
| | National | James Henare | 3,680 | 38.76 | +0.27 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,132 | 22.46 | +1.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,492 | 95.47 | −18.39 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,942 | | |

### 1949 election

1949 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,841 | 58.98 | +0.25 |
| | National | James Henare | 3,812 | 38.49 | +6.66 |
| | Independent | Mahuika Otene | 93 | 0.93 | |
| | Kauhanganui | Pene Tuwhare | 30 | 0.30 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 127 | 1.28 | −0.10 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,029 | 20.48 | −6.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,903 | 113.86 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,697 | | |

### 1946 election

1946 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,580 | 58.73 | +6.45 |
| | National | James Henare | 3,025 | 31.83 | |
| | Independent Labour | Louis William Poka | 764 | 8.04 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 132 | 1.38 | −3.41 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,555 | 26.89 | −2.09 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,501 | | |

### 1943 election

1943 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 4,398 | 52.28 |
| | National | Eru Moka Pou | 1,960 | 23.30 |
| | Independent Labour | William Keina Poata | 580 | 6.89 |
| | Independent Labour | Paikea Herare Toka | 278 | 3.30 |
| | Independent | Kahi Harawira | 259 | 3.07 |
| | Independent | David William Taylor | 234 | 2.78 |
| | Democratic Labour | Paepae Witehira | 143 | 1.69 |
| | Independent | Samuel William Maioha | 141 | 1.67 |
| | Independent | Pene Tuwhare | 16 | 0.19 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 403 | 4.79 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,438 | 28.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,412 | |

### 1931 election

1931 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Reform | Taurekareka Henare | 3,297 | 58.56 |
| | Ratana | Paraire Karaka Paikea | 2,109 | 37.46 |
| | Independent | Hemi Whautere Witehira | 224 | 3.98 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,188 | 21.10 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,630 | |

### 1909 by-election

1909 Northern Maori by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Te Rangi Hiroa | 1,452 | 71.60 |
| | Independent | Kaka Porowini | 296 | 14.60 |
| | Independent | Herepita Rapihana | 280 | 13.81 |
| | Independent | Hone Hapa | 199 | 9.81 |
| | Independent | Hone Wi Kaitaia | 173 | 8.53 |
| | Independent | Hetaraka Himi Hare | 93 | 4.59 |
| | Independent | Te Riri Maihi Kawiti | 74 | 3.65 |
| | Independent | Papa Uroroa | 52 | 2.56 |
| | Independent | Reihana Netana | 25 | 1.23 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2028 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1156 | 57.00 |

### 1901 by-election

1901 Northern Maori by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,751 | 71.41 |
| | Independent | Riapo Puhipi | 416 | 16.97 |
| | Independent | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 285 | 11.62 |
| | Independent | Hapeta Henare | 97 | 3.96 |
| | Independent | Kiri Pararea | 94 | 3.83 |
| | Independent | Pouaka Parore | 76 | 3.10 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2452 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1335 | 54.45 |

### 1899 election

1899 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,453 | 64.15 | −17.24 |
| | | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 367 | 16.20 | −2.40 |
| | | Henry Flavell | 225 | 9.93 | |
| | | Keritoke Te Ahu | 126 | 5.56 | |
| | | Poata Uruamo | 94 | 4.15 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,086 | 47.95 | −14.84 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,265 | | |

### 1891 by-election

1891 Northern Maori by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 632 | 43.68 |
| | Independent | Timoti Puhipuhi | 515 | 35.59 |
| | Independent | Wiremu Katene | 300 | 20.73 |
| | Independent | Haki Rewite | 194 | 13.41 |
| | Independent | Renata Tekawatuku | 7 | 0.48 |
| | Independent | Kipa Te Whatanui | 1 | 0.07 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1447 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 117 | 8.09 |

### 1896 election

1896 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,706 | 81.39 |
| | | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 390 | 18.61 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,316 | 62.79 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,096 | |

### 1890 election

1890 general election: Northern Maori :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Independent | Sydney Taiwhanga | 661 | 48.82 |
| | | Tinoti Pupipupi | 394 | 29.10 |
| | Conservative | Wi Katene | 192 | 14.18 |
| | | Wiremu Mikihana | 107 | 7.90 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 267 | 19.72 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,354 | |