OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nieuport-Delage NiD 43

The Nieuport-Delage NiD 43 was a single-engine, two-seat biplane fighter aircraft designed and built for shipboard use in France in 1924.

## Design and development

The NiD 43 was designed to meet a naval requirement for a two-seat shipborne fighter. It was a two bay biplane, with unswept, constant chord, unstaggered wings braced by parallel pairs of interplane struts. There were ailerons on the lower wings alone. Its fuselage was flat sided, with two open cockpits. The pilot sat in the forward one under the wing trailing edge, where there was a cut-out to enhance his upward view, and the gunner was positioned close behind with a pair of Lewis machine guns mounted on a prominent ring. The tail was conventional, with a tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage and braced with two parallel struts on each side, a broad fin with a curved leading edge and a deep, straight edged rudder.
The NiD 43 was powered by a 373 kW (500 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Hb water cooled upright V-12 engine in the nose, which drove a four blade propeller. The undercarriage was unusual; although it was expected that the aircraft would fly from an aircraft carrier, the probability of emergency water landings was recognised. Consequently, the NiD 43 was fitted with both wheels and floats. The latter were short and stepless, each attached to the aircraft by two short pairs of N-form struts. They reached well ahead of the wing leading edge but ended just aft of the trailing edge, too short to support the rear fuselage which instead was made watertight and floated the machine in a tail down traditional landing position. This allowed surface taxiing with the propeller clear of the water. There were fixed wheels recessed into the floats below the wing mid-chord, which on ship formed a conventional undercarriage, tail down again, with the short floats clearing the deck.
The NiD 43 began flight testing in 1924 and went the following year to Saint-Raphaël, Var for competitive evaluation by the Aéronavale. At the end of the assessment the Levasseur PL.5 was preferred and ordered, when development of the Nieuport ceased.

## Specifications

Data from Green and Swanborough
General characteristics
* Crew: Two
* Length: 10.00 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 12.80 m (42 ft 0 in)
* Height: 3.85 m (12 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 44.30 m$^2$ (476.8 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,680 kg (3,704 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,320 kg (5,115 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 12Hb water cooled upright V-12, 370 kW (500 hp)
* Propellers: 4-bladed fixed pitch
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn) at sea level
* Endurance: 2.5 h
* Time to altitude: 40 min to 6,000 m (19,685 ft)
Armament
* 2 × 7.7 mm (0.303 in) synchronised Vickers machine guns firing through propeller and 2 × 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Lewis machine guns on ring mount in rear cockpit.
# Cashel Lookout Formation

The Cashel Lookout Formation is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland.
* This article about a specific stratigraphic formation is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Native Village of Nikolski

The Native Village of Nikolski is a federally recognized Aleut Alaska Native tribal entity.

## About

The Native Village of Nikolski is headquartered at the city of Nikolski on Umnak Island of the Aleutians West Census Area. As of 2005, the tribe had 59 enrolled citizens.
# Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras

44°03′06″N 5°02′53″E﻿ / ﻿44.05167°N 5.04806°E﻿ / 44.05167; 5.04806
The Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras is one of the oldest hospitals in Comtat Venaissin, in Vaucluse. Built in 1754 by Joseph-Dominique d'Inguimbert, it was used as a hospital until 2002. In the near future, the bibliotheque Inguimbertine will be transferred to this place.

## History

In 1735, Joseph-Dominique d'Inguimbert became bishop of Carpentras, his native town, after two decades in Rome. This former Dominican, who was passionate about culture and literature as well as science, was the founder of two institutions carpentrasiennes: a library, which now bears his name, Bibliothèque Inguimbertine, and the Hôtel-Dieu. The first stone was laid on September 18, 1750. The plans were drawn by Antoine d'Allemand, to whom we must include the Hotel Salvador in Avignon. The initial price was 350,000 livres. Funds of the bishop were added to 110,000 livres from the municipality. The chapel has dedicated funding of 95,000 livres.
# North University of China

The North University of China (中北大学; NUC) is a provincial public university in Jiancaoping, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Shanxi, and co-funded by the Shanxi Provincial People's Government, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and SASTIND.
In the mid-1900s, the school was known as the Taihang Industrial School (太行工业学校) from 1941 to 1949, the Ordnance Industry Vocational School (兵工职业学校) from 1949 to 1951, the China Northern Ordnance Industrial School (华北兵工工业学校) from 1951 to 1953, the China Northern Second Industrial School (华北第二工业学校) from 1953 to 1955, the Taiyuan First Industrial School (太原第一工业学校) from 1955 to 1956, the Taiyuan Machinery Manufacturing Industrial School (太原机械制造工业学校) from 1956 to 1958.
After that, with several reorganization and institutional incorporation, the school was known as the Taiyuan Machinery College (太原机械学院) from 1958 to 1993 and the North China Industrial School (华北工学院; official English name: North China Institute of Technology) from 1993 to 2004.
The university played an important role in the weaponry development and personnel training for the People's Liberation Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. In 2001, Bo Yibo, a senior leader of the Communist Party and of the country, wrote the inscription "The First School for People's Ordnance Industry" (人民兵工第一校) for the 60th anniversary of the school.
# Bulbophyllum ranomafanae

Bulbophyllum ranomafanae is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
# On Length and Shortness of Life

On Length and Shortness of Life (or On Longevity and Shortness of Life; Greek: Περὶ μακροβιότητος καὶ βραχυβιότητος; Latin: De longitudine et brevitate vitae) is a text by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and one of the Parva Naturalia.
# 2015 AON Open Challenger – Doubles

Daniele Bracciali and Potito Starace are the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

## Seeds

* Robin Haase / Oliver Marach (quarterfinals)
* František Čermák / Artem Sitak (first round)
* Aliaksandr Bury / Andreas Siljeström (quarterfinals)
* Guillermo Durán / Horacio Zeballos (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | R Haase O Marach | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Trevisan A Virgili | 3 | 4 | | 1 | R Haase O Marach | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Kretschmer A Satschko | 6 | 6 | | | G Kretschmer A Satschko | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Marcan A Šančić | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | G Kretschmer A Satschko | 5 | 0 | | | | |
| 4 | G Durán H Zeballos | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | G Durán H Zeballos | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| | M Fucsovics J Šátral | 6$^4$ | 3 | | 4 | G Durán H Zeballos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Cecchinato M Donati | 7$^7$ | 7 | | | M Cecchinato M Donati | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Motti C Pavăl | 6$^2$ | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | G Durán H Zeballos | 7 | 6 |
| | B Balleret J Brunström | 1 | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | | | | | | A Arnaboldi A Giannessi | 5 | 4 |
| | A Arnaboldi A Giannessi | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | A Arnaboldi A Giannessi | 6 | 3 | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Basso G Mager | 6$^2$ | 4 | | 3 | A Bury A Siljeström | 3 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | A Bury A Siljeström | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | A Arnaboldi A Giannessi | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | |
| | S Caruso Omar Giacalone | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | S Caruso O Giacalone | 6$^5$ | 2 | | | | |
| WC | Edoardo Eremin Francesco Picco | 4 | 2 | | | S Caruso O Giacalone | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Brkić A Šetkić | 4 | 6 | [11] | | T Brkić A Šetkić | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | F Čermák A Sitak | 6 | 4 | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Cosmopterix quadrilineella

Cosmopterix quadrilineella is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from the United States (Texas, Arizona, Arkansas and California).
Adults have been recorded from May to October.

## Description

Male, female. Forewing length 4.2 mm. Head: frons shining ochreous-white with greenish and reddish reflections, vertex and neck tufts shining bronze brown with reddish reflection, laterally and medially lined white, collar shining bronze brown; labial palpus first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, greyish brown with white longitudinal lines laterally and ventrally, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with white anterior and dorsal lines, ventrally shining white, antenna shining dark brown with a white line from base to before one-half, followed towards apex by an annulate section of about fourteen segments, two white, two dark brown, two white, two dark brown, two white, six dark brown and eight white segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae shining bronze brown with reddish gloss, thorax with a white median line, tegulae lined white inwardly. Legs: shining greyish brown, femora of midleg and hindleg pale ochreous, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments, tibia of midleg with white oblique basal, medial and subapical streaks, tarsal segments lined white dorsally, tibia of hindleg with a white lateral line on outside to one-half, from there bending dorsally to two-thirds, and with a white apical ring, tarsal segments as midleg, spurs white, ventrally greyish. Forewing shining bronze brown with reddish gloss, five white lines in the basal area, a very short costal just before the transverse fascia, a subcostal from base almost to the transverse fascia, bending slightly from costa in distal third, a medial above fold from base to the transverse fascia, a subdorsal from two-fifths to the transverse fascia, a narrow dorsal from beyond base almost to the transverse fascia, a yellow transverse fascia beyond the middle with a wide apical protrusion, bordered at the inner edge by a tubercular pale golden metallic subcostal spot and with a patch of blackish brown scales on the outside, a similar, but twice as large, subdorsal spot at one-quarter of the transverse fascia, inwardly edged blackish brown, bordered at the outer edge by two tubercular pale golden metallic costal and dorsal spots, opposite each other, the dorsal spot twice as large as the costal, a broad white costal streak from the outer costal spot, a shining white apical line connected to the apical protrusion, cilia greyish brown at apex, pale ochreous towards dorsum. Hindwing shining greyish white, darker at costa and dorsum, cilia pale ochreous. Underside: forewing shining pale greyish brown, the white apical line distinctly visible, hindwing shining pale grey. Abdomen dorsally pale brownish yellow, ventrally shining white, anal tuft white.
# Costică Silion

General Costică Silion (born 29 September 1955 in Pechea, Galați County) is a Romanian general. Between March 2005 and December 2009 he was the chief (General Inspector) of the Romanian Gendarmerie.
# Corrugator supercilii muscle

The corrugator supercilii muscle is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle of the face. It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch; it inserts into the deep surface of the skin of the eyebrow.
It draws the eyebrow downward and medially, producing the vertical "frowning" wrinkles of the forehead. It may be thought as the principal muscle in the facial expression of suffering. It also shields the eyes from strong sunlight.

## Structure

The corrugator supercilii muscle is located at the medial end of the eyebrow. Its fibers pass laterally and somewhat superiorly from its origin to its insertion.

### Origin

It arises from bone at the medial extremity of the superciliary arch.

### Insertion

It inserts between the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. It inserts into the deep surface of the skin of the eyebrow, above the middle of the orbital arch.

### Innervation

Motor innervation is provided by the temporal branches of facial nerve (CN VII).

### Vasculature

The muscle receives arterial supply from adjacent arteries - mostly from the superficial temporal artery, and the ophthalmic artery.

### Relations

It is situated deep to the frontalis muscle (of the occipitofrontalis muscle) and orbicularis oculi muscle, with which it partially blends. Its fibres are situated between the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
The supratrochlear nerve passes between this muscle and the frontalis muscle.

## Function

The muscle acts in tandem with the orbicularis oculi muscle. The corrugator supercilii muscle acts upon the skin of the forehead superior to the middle of the supraorbital margin, drawing the eyebrow inferomedially to produce vertical wrinkles of the forehead just superior to the nose. It is the "frowning" muscle, and may be regarded as the principal muscle in the expression of suffering. It also contracts to prevent high sun glare, pulling the eyebrows toward the bridge of the nose, making a roof over the area above the middle corner of the eye and typical forehead furrows to shield the eye from excessively bright sunlight.

## Clinical significance

The muscle is sometimes surgically severed or paralysed with botulinum toxin as a preventive treatment for some types of migraine or for aesthetic reasons.

## Etymology

The name corrugator supercilii comes from Latin, and means wrinkler of the eyebrows.

## Additional images

* Corrugator supercilii seen from the inside.
* Position of corrugator supercilii muscle (red)
* Outer surface of frontal bone.
* Visible on upper portion of face.
# Coryphaeschna

Coryphaeschna is a genus of pilot darners in the dragonfly family Aeshnidae. There are about 10 described species in Coryphaeschna.

## Species

These 10 species belong to the genus Coryphaeschna:
* Coryphaeschna adnexa (Hagen, 1861) (blue-faced darner)
* Coryphaeschna amazonica De Marmels, 1989
* Coryphaeschna apeora Paulson, 1994
* Coryphaeschna diapyra Paulson, 1994
* Coryphaeschna huaorania Tennessen, 2001
* Coryphaeschna ingens (Rambur, 1842) (regal darner)
* Coryphaeschna longfieldae Kimmins
* Coryphaeschna perrensi (McLachlan, 1887)
* Coryphaeschna secreta Calvert
* Coryphaeschna viriditas Calvert, 1952 (mangrove darner)
# County of Dawson

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The County of Dawson is a county (a cadastral division) in Queensland, Australia, located in the Shire of Banana in Central Queensland. The county is divided into civil parishes. The county was officially named and bounded by the Governor in Council on 7 March 1901 under the Land Act 1897.

## Parishes

Dawson is divided into parishes, as listed below:
| Parish | LGA | Coordinates | Towns |
| Belmont | Banana | 24°47′S 150°21′E﻿ / ﻿24.783°S 150.350°E﻿ / -24.783; 150.350﻿ (Belmont Parish) | |
| Blackman | Banana | 25°21′S 150°12′E﻿ / ﻿25.350°S 150.200°E﻿ / -25.350; 150.200﻿ (Blackman Parish) | |
| Camboon | Banana | 25°05′S 150°30′E﻿ / ﻿25.083°S 150.500°E﻿ / -25.083; 150.500﻿ (Camboon Parish) | Camboon |
| Colombo | Banana | 24°51′S 150°30′E﻿ / ﻿24.850°S 150.500°E﻿ / -24.850; 150.500﻿ (Colombo Parish) | |
| Coteeda | Banana | 25°09′S 150°12′E﻿ / ﻿25.150°S 150.200°E﻿ / -25.150; 150.200﻿ (Coteeda Parish) | |
| Cracow | Banana | 25°24′S 150°19′E﻿ / ﻿25.400°S 150.317°E﻿ / -25.400; 150.317﻿ (Cracow Parish) | Cracow |
| Dresden | Banana | 25°16′S 150°22′E﻿ / ﻿25.267°S 150.367°E﻿ / -25.267; 150.367﻿ (Dresden Parish) | |
| Kianga | Banana | 24°43′S 150°07′E﻿ / ﻿24.717°S 150.117°E﻿ / -24.717; 150.117﻿ (Kianga Parish) | |
| Mungungal | Banana | 25°08′S 150°21′E﻿ / ﻿25.133°S 150.350°E﻿ / -25.133; 150.350﻿ (Mungungal Parish) | |
| Okangal | Banana | 25°01′S 150°19′E﻿ / ﻿25.017°S 150.317°E﻿ / -25.017; 150.317﻿ (Okangal Parish) | |
| Tarramba | Banana | 24°39′S 150°14′E﻿ / ﻿24.650°S 150.233°E﻿ / -24.650; 150.233﻿ (Tarramba Parish) | |
| Walloon | Banana | 24°57′S 150°08′E﻿ / ﻿24.950°S 150.133°E﻿ / -24.950; 150.133﻿ (Walloon Parish) | Theodore |
| Woolthorpe | Banana | 24°51′S 150°05′E﻿ / ﻿24.850°S 150.083°E﻿ / -24.850; 150.083﻿ (Woolthorpe Parish) | |
| Woolton | Banana | 24°54′S 150°20′E﻿ / ﻿24.900°S 150.333°E﻿ / -24.900; 150.333﻿ (Woolton Parish) | |
# Courcelles-sur-Vesle

Courcelles-sur-Vesle (French pronunciation:, literally Courcelles on Vesle) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Council on Quality and Leadership

The Council on Quality and Leadership is a U.S. organization which provides accreditation and training for agencies providing services for people with intellectual, psychiatric, and developmental disabilities. It was established in 1969.
CQL member organizations form the governing body by appointing representatives to serve on the board of directors. They include the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), American Network of Community Options and Resources (ANCOR), Autism Society of America, Mosaic, the National Association of QMRPs (NAQ), National Alliance for Direct Support Professionals (NADSP), Self Advocates Becoming Empowered (SABE), and The Arc. It has partnerships with organizations in Canada and the Republic of Ireland.
# Cosoryx

Cosoryx is an extinct genus of antilocaprid that lived in the Miocene of Nevada. Fossils of this genus have also been found in the Santa Fe Group in New Mexico.
Cosoryx has sometimes been considered synonymous with Merycodus.
# Cravolândia

Cravolândia (Portuguese: Cloveland) is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. Cravolândia covers 182.585 km$^2$ (70.496 sq mi), and has a population of 5,351 with a population density of 31 inhabitants per square kilometer. It borders the municipalities of Santa Inês, Itaquara, Ubaíra and Wenceslau Guimarães. Cravolândia is located 317 kilometres (197 mi) from Salvador, the state capital of Bahia, and is connected to Salvador by federal highways BR-116 and BR-101.

## History

Cravolândia takes its name from the first mayor of the municipality, Mario da Silva Cravo. Cravo was a coffee producer and a noted a noted brand of coffee, Café Cravo, was produced and exported from Cravolândia in the 1950s. The coffee crop was decimated by agricultural pests in the 1960s. Small-scale coffee cultivation resumed in the 1970s but has never reached the levels of production of earlier decades.
Cravolândia was originally part of a region known as Olhos D'Água do Carrasco, a reference to its role as a place for drovers to stop for water in the movement of their livestock. This name was replaced by Igatiquira, an indigenous name meaning "small ounce". Cravolândia was originally part of the municipality of Jequiriça and later of Santa Inês. It became an independent municipality under Bahia State Law no. 1714 on July 16, 1962.

## Footnotes

    A.^ Mario da Silva Cravo is the father and grandfather of the Bahian artists Mário Cravo Júnior (1923-2018) and Mário Cravo Neto (1947-2009). Cravo Júnior and Cravo Neto, however, were born and raised in Salvador, and were not residents of Cravolândia.
# Cramp balls

Cramp balls is the common name for three genera of fungi:
* Daldinia concentrica
* Annulohypoxylon
* Hypoxylon
# Cramp-ring

Cramp-rings are rings anciently worn as a cure for cramp and "falling-sickness" or epilepsy. The legend is that the first one was presented to Edward the Confessor by a pilgrim on his return from Jerusalem, its miraculous properties being explained to the king. At his death it passed into the keeping of the abbot of Westminster, by whom it was used medically and was known as St Edwards Ring. From that time the belief grew that the successors of Edward inherited his powers, and that the rings blessed by them worked cures.
Hence arose the custom for the successive sovereigns of England each year on Good Friday formally to bless a number of cramp-rings. A service was held; prayers and psalms were said; and holy water, which had been blessed in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, was poured over the rings, which were always of gold or silver, and made from the metal that the king offered to the Cross on Good Friday. The ceremony survived to the reign of Mary I, but the belief in the curative powers of similar circlets of sacred metal has lasted to the present day.
Marc Bloch devotes a whole chapter of Thaumaturgic Kings to a description and history of cramp-rings that gave English kings the power to work cures.
# Cramp (disambiguation)

A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction, often temporarily painful and paralysing.
Cramp or cramps may also refer to:
* Cramp (heraldry), a hooked device in German heraldry
* The Cramps, a garage punk band
* Cramp & Co., built many schools etc. in Philadelphia in the 20th century
* William Cramp & Sons, built many ships in Philadelphia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

## People

* Charlie Cramp (1876–1933), British trade unionist
* Stanley Cramp (1913–1987), British ornithologist
* Rosemary Cramp (1929–2023), British archaeologist
* Isabella Cramp (born 2004), American voice actress
* Sid Cramp, Australian politician
# Cramonshagen

Cramonshagen is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.