# Candidula

Candidula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae, . the hairy snails and their allies.
The genus is characterized by the presence of a big dart sac, a sac containing an arrow-like structure found on a land snail's reproductive organs.

## Species

Species within the genus Candidula s.l. include:
* Candidula candidescens A. J. Wagner, 1928 (taxon inquirendum)
* Candidula castriota Soós, 1924
* Candidula cavannae (Paulucci, 1881)
* Candidula codia (Bourguignat, 1859)
* Candidula eustricta (Bourguignat, 1863)
* Candidula lernaea Hausdorf, 1991
* Candidula rhabdotoides (Wagner, 1928)
* Candidula rugosiuscula (Michaud, 1831)
* † Candidula soosi (Gaál, 1910)
* Candidula syrensis (Pfeiffer, 1846) species-complex! (taxon inquirendum)
* Candidula unifasciata (Poiret, 1801) - type species
* Candidula verticillata (Pfeiffer, 1871) (taxon inquirendum, generic affiliation unclear)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Candidula arganica (Servain, 1880): synonym of Zarateana arganica (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
* Candidula belemensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880)
* Candidula camporroblensis (Fez, 1944): synonym of Backeljaia camporroblensis (Fez, 1944) (invalid combination)
* Candidula corbellai Martínez-Ortí, 2011: synonym of Backeljaia corbellai (Martínez-Ortí, 2011) (original combination)
* Candidula coudensis Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010: synonym of Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010) (original combination)
* Candidula fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1938): synonym of Xerogyra fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisachii, 1938) (invalid combination)
* Candidula gigaxii (Pfeiffer, 1847): synonym of Backeljaia gigaxii (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (invalid combination)
* Candidula grovesiana (Paulucci, 1881): synonym of Xerogyra grovesiana (Paulucii, 1881) (invalid combination)
* Candidula intersecta (Poiret, 1801): synonym of Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801) (invalid combination)
* Candidula najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Backeljaia najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
* Candidula olisippensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
* Candidula rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Zarateana rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
* Candidula setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of Xeroplexa setubalensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) (invalid combination)
* Candidula spadae (Calcara, 1845): synonym of Xerogyra spadae (Calcara, 1845) (invalid combination)
* † Candidula striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906): synonym of † Helicella striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906)
* Candidula ultima (Mousson, 1872): synonym of Orexana ultima (Mousson, 1872) (invalid combination)

## Taxonomy

Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed the polyphyly of the genus being divided into at least six genera
The species of Candidula s.l. should be classified as follows:
* Backeljaia
** Backeljaia camporroblensis (Fez, 1944)
** Backeljaia corbellai (Martínez-Ortí, 2011)
** Backeljaia gigaxii (Pfeiffer, 1847) type species
** Backeljaia najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950)
* Candidula
* Orexana
** Orexana ultima (Mousson, 1872) type species
* Xerogyra
** Xerogyra fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1938)
** Xerogyra grovesiana (Paulucci, 1881)
** Xerogyra spadae (Calcara, 1845)
* Xeroplexa
** Xeroplexa arrabidensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
** Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880)
** Xeroplexa carrapateirensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
** Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010)
** Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801)
** Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880)
** Xeroplexa ponsulensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
** Xeroplexa scabiosula (Locard, 1899)
** Xeroplexa setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850) type species
** Xeroplexa strucki (Maltzan, 1886)
* Zarateana
** Zarateana arganica (Servain, 1880) type species
** Zarateana rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950)