OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Copper(II) carbonate

Copper(II) carbonate or cupric carbonate is a chemical compound with formula CuCO $_3$. At ambient temperatures, it is an ionic solid (a salt) consisting of copper(II) cations Cu$^{2+}$ and carbonate anions CO$^{2−}$ $_3$.
This compound is rarely encountered because it is difficult to prepare and readily reacts with water moisture from the air. The terms "copper carbonate", "copper(II) carbonate", and "cupric carbonate" almost always refer (even in chemistry texts) to a basic copper carbonate (or copper(II) carbonate hydroxide), such as Cu $_2$(OH)$_2$CO $_3$ (which occurs naturally as the mineral malachite) or Cu $_3$(OH)$_2$(CO $_3$)$_2$ (azurite). For this reason, the qualifier neutral may be used instead of "basic" to refer specifically to CuCO $_3$.

## Preparation

Reactions that may be expected to yield CuCO $_3$, such as mixing solutions of copper(II) sulfate CuSO $_4$ and sodium carbonate in ambient conditions, yield instead a basic carbonate and CO $_2$, due to the great affinity of the Cu$^{2+}$ ion for the hydroxide anion HO$^−$ .
Thermal decomposition of the basic carbonate at atmospheric pressure yields copper(II) oxide rather than the carbonate.
In 1960, C. W. F. T. Pistorius claimed synthesis by heating basic copper carbonate at 180 °C in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide (450 atm) and water (50 atm) for 36 hours. The bulk of the products was well-crystallized malachite Cu $_2$CO $_3$(OH)$_2$, but a small yield of a rhombohedral substance was also obtained, claimed to be CuCO $_3$. However, this synthesis was apparently not reproduced.
Reliable synthesis of true copper(II) carbonate was reported for the first time in 1973 by Hartmut Ehrhardt et al. The compound was obtained as a gray powder, by heating basic copper carbonate in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide (produced by the decomposition of silver oxalate Ag $_2$C $_2$O $_4$) at 500 °C and 2 GPa (20,000 atm). The compound was determined to have a monoclinic structure.

## Chemical and physical properties

The stability of dry CuCO $_3$ depends critically on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p$_{CO2}$). It is stable for months in dry air, but decomposes slowly into CuO and CO $_2$ if p$_{CO2}$ is less than 0.11 atm.
In the presence of water or moist air at 25 °C, CuCO $_3$ is stable only for p$_{CO2}$ above 4.57 atmospheres and pH between about 4 and 8. Below that partial pressure, it reacts with water to form a basic carbonate (azurite, Cu $_3$(CO $_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$).
    3 CuCO $_3$ + H $_2$O → Cu $_3$(CO $_3$) $_2$(OH) $_2$ + CO $_2$
In highly basic solutions, the complex anion Cu(CO $_3$)$^{2−}$ $_2$ is formed instead.
The solubility product of the true copper(II) carbonate was measured by Reiterer and others as pK$_{so}$ = 11.45 ± 0.10 at 25 °C.

## Structure

In the crystal structure of CuCO$_3$, copper adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination environment with coordination number 5. Each carbonate ion bonds to 5 copper centres.
* Unit cell of CuCO$_3$
* Copper coordination environment
* Carbonate coordination environment
# Espedal

Espedal is a valley and hamlet in the municipality of Fjaler in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of the municipal center of Dale, and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of the village of Flekke. The area is owned by the Espedal family.
Espedal is featured in the 2007 documentary film True Norwegian Black Metal which focused on some aspects of the life of black metal performer Kristian "Gaahl" Espedal. Espedal has been popularly mistaken for a village, a misconception perpetuated by the aforementioned documentary.

## Notable residents

* Kristian Eivind Espedal (also known as: Gaahl) – black metal vocalist for the bands God Seed and Trelldom, and a former black metal vocalist for Gorgoroth
# Bukit Lawang

Bukit Lawang is a small tourist village on the bank of Bahorok River in North Sumatra province of Indonesia. Situated approximately 86 km northwest of the city of Medan, Bukit Lawang is known for the largest animal sanctuary of Sumatran orangutan (around 5,000 orangutans occupying the area) and also the main access point to the Gunung Leuser National Park from the east side.
The Bukit Lawang rehabilitation centre for orangutans was founded in 1973. Its main purpose was to preserve the decreasing number of orangutan population due to hunting, trading and deforestation. The centre closed in 2002 as the place was getting too touristy and unsuitable for animal rehabilitation.
A flash flood hit Bukit Lawang on 2 November 2003. The disaster destroyed the local tourist resorts and had a devastating impact to the local tourism industry in the area. Around 400 houses, 3 mosques, 8 bridges, 280 kiosks and food stalls, 35 hotels and guest houses were destroyed by the flood; 239 people including 5 tourists were killed, and around 1,400 locals lost their homes. Local authorities and an environmental NGO attributed it to illegal logging. Thanks to several international cooperation agencies, the site was rebuilt and re-opened again in July 2004. The area is slowly regenerating and offers the chance to see an abundance of wildlife.
# Laura Elvig

Laura Christine Theodora Elvig (August 10, 1860 – April 17, 1935) was a Norwegian actress.

## Family

Laura Elvig was the daughter of the schoolteacher Ole Elvig and Karen Svendsen. On January 18, 1881 she married the actor Berent Johan Tunæs Johannessen (1859–1907). Their daughter Svanhild Johannessen married the actor Hauk Aabel, and their daughter Borghild Johannessen married the actor Thoralf Klouman. Laura Elvig was the grandmother of the actors Per Aabel and Andreas Aabel, the actress Wenche Klouman, and the pianist Carsten Klouman.

## Career

Elvig appeared on stage in her birthplace of Bergen in the 1870s. Among other roles, she performed as of Hilda Rummel in The Pillars of Society by Henrik Ibsen in 1877 at the Comedy House. By her seventieth birthday in 1930, she was the executive producer at the National Theater.

## Selected roles

* Hilda Rummel in The Pillars of Society by Henrik Ibsen (Comedy House, Bergen, 1877)
* Mariette in La poule et ses poussins by Émile de Najac (1880)
# Paramorphism

In formal methods of computer science, a paramorphism (from Greek παρά, meaning "close together") is an extension of the concept of catamorphism first introduced by Lambert Meertens to deal with a form which “eats its argument and keeps it too”, as exemplified by the factorial function. Its categorical dual is the apomorphism.
It is a more convenient version of catamorphism in that it gives the combining step function immediate access not only to the result value recursively computed from each recursive subobject, but the original subobject itself as well.
Example Haskell implementation, for lists:
# Ester Soldi

Ester Soldi (born 15 February 1970 in Varese, Italy) is an Italian dressage rider. Representing Italy, she competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games and at three European Dressage Championships (in 2011, 2013 and 2015).
Her current best championship result is 12th place in team dressage at the 2013 Europeans held in Herning while her current best individual result is 59th place accomplished at the 2011 European Championship in Rotterdam.
# Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council, 1879–1885

This is a list of members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council between 1879 and 1885. Terms of the Legislative Council did not coincide with Legislative Assembly elections, and members served six year terms, with a number of members facing election each year.

## Elections

| Date | Electorates |
| 1879 | Cambridge; Hobart (1) |
| 1880 | Hobart (1); North Esk |
| 1881 | Hobart (1); Meander; Pembroke |
| 1882 | Huon; Tamar (1); Mersey |
| 1883 | Derwent; Tamar (1); Longford |
| 1884 | Buckingham; Jordan; South Esk |

## Members

| Name | Division | Years in office | Elected |
| Hon Dr James Agnew | Hobart Jordan | 1877–1881; 1884–1887 | b/e |
| Hon James Aikenhead | Tamar | 1870–1885 | 1882 |
| Hon Donald Cameron | North Esk | 1868–1886 | 1880 |
| Hon Thomas Chapman | Buckingham | 1873–1884 | 1878 |
| Hon Dr William Crowther | Hobart | 1869–1885 | 1879 |
| Hon William Dodery | Longford | 1877–1907 | 1883 |
| Hon Adye Douglas | South Esk | 1855–1856; 1884–1886; 1890–1904 | b/e |
| Hon Thomas Field | Meander | 1875–1881 | 1875 |
| Hon William Fisher | Huon | 1881–1882 | b/e |
| Hon Philip Fysh | Buckingham | 1866–1869; 1870–1873; 1884–1894 | b/e |
| Hon Walter Gellibrand | Derwent | 1871–1901 | 1883 |
| Hon Frederick Grubb | Tamar; Meander | 1879–1911 | b/e x2 |
| Hon William Grubb | Tamar | 1869–1879 | 1877 |
| Hon William Hodgson | Pembroke | 1881–1891 | b/e |
| Hon Frederick Innes | South Esk | 1862–1872; 1877–1882 |
| Hon Charles Leake | South Esk | 1882–1884 |
| Hon James Lord | Pembroke | 1876–1881 | b/e |
| Hon John Lord | Cambridge | 1873–1890 | 1879 |
| Hon Alexander McGregor | Hobart | 1880–1896 | b/e |
| Hon James MacLanachan | Jordan | 1868–1884 | 1878 |
| Hon William Moore | Mersey | 1877–1909 | 1879 |
| Hon James Robertson | Huon | 1874–1880 | 1874 |
| Hon John Scott | Tamar | 1880–1890 | b/e |
| Hon Joseph Solomon | Huon | 1880 | 1880 |
| Hon Dr Thomas Smart | Hobart | 1881–1886 | b/e |
| Hon John Watchorn | Huon | 1882–1905 | b/e |
| Hon Sir James Wilson | Hobart | 1859–1880 | 1874 |
# Popular consultation to convene a referendum against decriminalization of abortion

A popular consultation to convene a referendum on repealing the law on decriminalization of abortion was held in Uruguay on 23 June 2013. The proposal failed to muster the required popular support.

## Events

In 2012, Uruguay decriminalized abortion. Many politicians and advocacy groups protested its legalization. The positions varied across the political spectrum.
Only 8.92% of eligible voters supported the referendum which did not meet the required threshold.
# Bonds issued by Puerto Rico

Bonds issued by the government of Puerto Rico and its subdivisions are exempt from federal, state, and local taxes (so called "triple tax exemption"). However, unlike other triple tax exempt bonds, Puerto Rican bonds uphold such exemption regardless of where the bond holder resides. This has made Puerto Rican bonds extremely attractive to municipal investors as they may inure from holding a bond issued by a state or municipality different from the one where they reside. This advantage strives from the restriction typically imposed by municipal bonds enjoying triple tax exemption where such exemptions solely apply for bond holders that reside in the state or municipal subdivision that issues them.
This factor, along with many others, led Puerto Rico to issue bonds up to today's outstanding debt of US$71 billion—an amount approximately equal to about 68% of Puerto Rico's gross domestic product (GDP). These actions, along with a series of negative cash flows and a depression, ultimately led to Puerto Rico's government-debt crisis.

## Bonds

* The Puerto Rico Sales Tax Revenue Bonds (commonly known as COFINA bonds) are government bonds issued by the Urgent Interest Fund Corporation (COFINA) to pay the extraconstitutional public debt of Puerto Rico. The bonds are primarily used to provide funds to the government of Puerto Rico to repay certain debt obligations to the Government Development Bank and the Public Financing Corporation. They are issued under resolutions adopted by COFINA's board of directors will be payable from and secured by a security interest created by the Resolution in a specified portion of the Puerto Rico Sales and Use Tax ("Pledged Sales Tax"). Legislation enacted in 2006 approved for the first time in Puerto Rico a sales and use tax of 5.5% for the benefit of the central government, and a separate 1.5% for the benefit of municipalities of Puerto Rico. Law No. 91 of 2006 also created a dedicated sales tax fund, to be held and owned by COFINA separate and apart from the government's general fund, and provided, among other things, that each fiscal year the first receipts of the government's Sales and Use Tax, in the amount specified in the law, be deposited in this special dedicated fund and applied to the payment of the Sales Tax Revenue Bonds.
* Tax Revenue Anticipation Notes (TRANS)
# Coat of arms of Tanzania

The coat of arms of Tanzania comprises a warrior's shield which bears a golden portion on the upper part followed underneath by the flag of Tanzania.
The golden portion represents minerals in the United Republic; the red portion underneath the flag symbolises the rich fertile soil of Africa; and the wavy bands represent the land, sea, lakes and coastal lines of the United Republic.
In the golden part of the flag, there appears a burning torch signifying freedom (Uhuru), enlightenment and knowledge; a spear signifying defence of freedom and crossed axe and hoe being tools that the people of Tanzania use in developing the country.
The shield stands upon the representation of Mount Kilimanjaro. Elephant tusks are supported by a man and a woman, with a clove bush at the feet of the man and a cotton bush at the feet of the woman (whose head is covered with a golden scarf) indicating the theme of co-operation.
The United Republic motto below –Uhuru na Umoja– is written in Swahili and means "Freedom and Unity".

## History

The coat of arms of Tanzania was inspired by that of the Republic of Tanganyika. While the Tanganyika flag ("Independence Flag") was adopted by decree on the day of independence, 9th December, 1961, the flag, coat of arms and public seal were adopted into law on the first anniversary of independence in 1962. On the Day of Union, just prior to mixing the soils of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, President Nyerere decreed the Emblem of Tanganyika would become the Emblem of Tanzania. In time a new emblem, from that of Tanganyika, was created that included the new Tanzanian flag adopted on the Day of Union. The new flag and coat of arms of the Union were adopted into law in 1971.
It is unknown who created the design. There are three well known claimants.
* Francis Maige Kanyasu (known as Ngosha) claimed to have created it with colleagues in 1957.
* Jeremiah Wisdom Kabati whose family claim he created while teaching in Tabora in 1960. In years following Ngosha's death in 2017 it is suggested Teacher Kabati and Mr Kanysau collaborated on the emblem in Mwanza in the late 1950s.
* Abdalah Farahani, of Zanzibar, claimed to have created it in 1964.

## Related coats of arms

* Emblem of the Sultanate of Zanzibar
* Coat of arms of The German East Africa Company
* Proposed Coat of arms of German East Africa
* Badge of the British trust territory of Tanganyika
* Tanganyika (1961–1964)
* Zanzibar
# Cormac Breslin

Cormac Michael Breslin (25 April 1902 – 23 January 1978) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1967 to 1973. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1937 to 1977.
He was born in Bunbeg, Gweedore, County Donegal. He was educated at St Eunan's College, Letterkenny and, while Leas-Cheann Comhairle, attended the Golden Jubilee there in September 1956.
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Donegal West constituency at the 1937 general election. He was re-elected at every election until his retirement in 1977, switching constituency to Donegal South-West in 1961 and to Donegal–Leitrim in 1969. He served as Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1967 to 1973, and as Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 1951 to 1967. He is credited for helping found the industrial estate in Gweedore, and also the turf burning station—a source of employment in his local parish, which allowed local people to cut the turbary and sell it to the station operated by the Electrical Supply Board (ESB), situated in Min a Cuing.
In November 1931 he married Antoinette Wilman, and they had ten children.
# Bukit Lumut Balai

Bukit Lumut Balai is a heavily eroded stratovolcano on Sumatra island, Indonesia. It consist of three eruption centers, two on the Bukit Lumut and one on the north-east side of the Bukit Balai. A large lava flow occurs on the north side of Bukit Balai. Active fumarole fields are found in two crescentic basins to the north of Bukit Lumut.
# Espeja de San Marcelino

Espeja de San Marcelino is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 238 inhabitants.
# Laurel Bay Plantation

Laurel Bay Plantation, also known as Woodward Plantation and Tabby Ruin Site, is a historic archaeological site located near Beaufort, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The site contains artifacts associated with domestic outbuilding activities related to either or both Laurel Bay Plantation (c. 1772–1779) and Woodward Plantation (c. 1800–1861). Features present at the site include sections of two tabby walls, a tabby structure foundation, two depressions, two brick piles, and a shell pile.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
# Paramotor Inc

Paramotor Inc is an American aircraft manufacturer formerly based in Oyster Bay, New York and presently in Weldon Spring, Missouri. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors.
The company started as an importer of the French Adventure F series of paramotors and also sold the Japanese Daiichi Kosho Beat. It then introduced its own designs, the FX series in the late 1990s.
Today the company produces "ruggedized" paramotors for military and law enforcement customers.
# Buried Alive: Live in Maryland

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Buried Alive: Live in Maryland is a live album by The New Barbarians. It was recorded at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland on May 5, 1979 during the band's only concert tour.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

* "Sweet Little Rock N Roller" (Chuck Berry) – 4:20
* "Buried Alive" (Ron Wood) – 6:27
* "F.U.C. Her" (Ron Wood) – 4:48
* "Mystifies Me" (Ron Wood) – 5:37
* "Infekshun" (Ron Wood) – 4:56
* "Rock Me Baby" (Big Bill Broonzy, Arthur Crudup) – 6:04
* "Sure the One You Need" (Keith Richards, Ron Wood), (Lead vocal Keith Richards) – 4:49
* "Lost & Lonely" (Ron Wood) – 4:29
* "Love in Vain" (Robert Johnson) – 8:38
* "Breathe on Me" (Ron Wood) – 10:23

### Disc 2

* "Let's Go Steady" (Arthur Alexander), (Lead vocal Keith Richards) – 3:25
* "Apartment No. 9" (Johnny Paycheck, Bobby Austin), (Lead vocal Keith Richards) – 4:13
* "Honky Tonk Women" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) – 5:50
* "Worried Life Blues" (Major Merryweather), (Lead vocal Keith Richards) – 4:07
* "I Can Feel the Fire" (Ron Wood) – 6:44
* "Come to Realise" (Ron Wood) – 5:11
* "Am I Grooving You?" (Bert Russell, Jeff Barry) – 9:39
* "Seven Days" (Bob Dylan) – 6:03
* "Before They Make Me Run" (Jagger, Richards), (Lead vocal Keith Richards) – 3:23
* "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (Jagger, Richards) – 7:38

## Personnel

* Ronnie Wood – guitar, harmonica, pedal steel guitar, lead and backing vocals
* Keith Richards – guitar, piano, backing and lead vocals
* Stanley Clarke – bass guitar
* Zigaboo Modeliste – drums
* Ian McLagan – piano, organ, backing vocals
* Bobby Keys – saxophone
# Poplar Island (West Virginia)

Poplar Island is a bar island in Marion County, West Virginia on the Tygart Valley River.
# Axis Tower (disambiguation)

Axis Tower may refer to

## Axis Tower

* Axis Tower, a building in Manchester, England England
* Axis Tower Development, a building under construction in Cape Town, South Africa

## Axis Towers

* Axis Towers, modern twisted Twin towers complex in Tbilisi completed in 2023, includes a shopping center, privately owned apartments and a Luxury hotel in Georgia Georgia
# Milorad Čikić

Milorad Čikić (born 1 August 1950 in Valjevo) is a Serbian former sprinter who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Mordellistena fulvipennis

Mordellistena fulvipennis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1932 by Scegoleva-Barovskaja.
# Bunk Foss, Washington

Bunk Foss is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,570 at the 2010 census. Bunk Foss was created out of the former West Lake Stevens CDP in 2010.

## Geography

Bunk Foss is located at 47°57′42″N 122°5′40″W﻿ / ﻿47.96167°N 122.09444°W﻿ / 47.96167; -122.09444 (47.961686, -122.094387).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.874 square miles (10.03 km$^2$), all of it land.
# Escuela Cristóbal Colón de la Salle

Escuela Cristóbal Colón de la Salle is a private school with three campuses in Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City. It has one preschool campus and one elementary school campus in Col. Tepeyac Insurgentes, and a middle and high school campus in Col. Siete Maravillas.
# Paramotor Performance

Paramotor Performance AB is a Swedish aircraft manufacturer based in Bandhagen, near Stockholm. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.
The company was founded before 1998 and remained in business through 2021, although its website had been removed by early 2022 and the company may no longer exist.
Paramotor Performance AB is an Aktiebolag, a Swedish limited company.
The company has produced a number of paramotor designs noted for the quality of their metalwork, their attention to detail and their multi-bladed, composite, propeller designs.
# Esprit-Jean de Rome d'Ardène

Esprit-Jean de Rome d'Ardène (3 March 1684, Marseille – 27 March 1748, Marseille aged 64) was an 18th-century French fabulist.

## Life

Esprit-Jean de Rome d'Ardène was the son of Honoré de Rome sieur d’Ardène, "commissaire des galleys et inspecteur des bois et forêts de Provence" who had the Château d’Ardène built in 1686 and Antoinette Leroy, daughter of Jean Leroy, conseiller du Roi et contrôleur général de la marine du Levant et des galères de France. His younger brother, father Jean-Paul de Rome d'Ardène (1690-1769) was a well known botanist and agronomist, author of several reference books.

## Publications

1747 sees the publication of the book Recueil de fables nouvelles, précédées d'un discours sur ce genre de poésie After Esprit-Jean de Rome d'Ardène died in 1748, his brother, father Jean-Paul de Rome d'Ardène, gathered his various writings in order to compile and publish them. A few years later, in 1767, a Marseille editor, Jean Mossy, published the Œuvres posthumes de Monsieur d'Ardene, associé a l'académie des Belles-Lettres de Marseille in four volumes
# Chipewyan 201E

Chipewyan 201E is an Indian reserve of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation in Alberta, located within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. It is on the east side of Richardson Lake, about 7 miles south of Lake Athabasca.
# Porkkala (disambiguation)

Porkkala is a Finnish name, which can mean:
* Porkkalanniemi, a peninsula in Finland, often referred to simply as Porkkala
* Porkkala Naval Base, a temporarily Soviet-held territory in Finland following World War II
* FNS Porkkala, a Pansio-class minelayer
* Veikko Porkkala (1908-2009), Finnish trade union activist