OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Light-addressable potentiometric sensor

A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a sensor that uses light (e.g. LEDs) to select what will be measured. Light can activate carriers in semiconductors.

## History

An example is the pH-sensitive LAPS (range pH4 to pH10) that uses LEDs in combination with (semi-conducting) silicon and pH-sensitive Ta$_2$O$_5$ (SiO$_2$; Si$_3$N$_4$) insulator. The LAPS has several advantages over other types of chemical sensors. The sensor surface is completely flat, no structures, wiring or passivation are required. At the same time, the "light-addressability" of the LAPS makes it possible to obtain a spatially resolved map of the distribution of the ion concentration in the specimen. The spatial resolution of the LAPS is an important factor and is determined by the beam size and the lateral diffusion of photocarries in the semiconductor substrate. By illuminating parts of the semiconductor surface, electron-hole pairs are generated and a photocurrent flows. The LAPS is a semiconductor based chemical sensor with an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure. Under a fixed bias voltage, the AC (kHz range) photocurrent signal varies depending on the solution. A two-dimensional mapping of the surface from the LAPS is possible by using a scanning laser beam.
* This technology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# DMTV

DMTV (Decision Makers TV قناة الرجل المتميز) was an Arabic TV channel located in Dubai Media City, United Arab Emirates. It was launched by the National Broadcast Center on August 1, 2006, and ceased operations on March 30, 2015.

## History

DMTV provided lifestyle advice for Arab men and covered topics such as global economics, business, and enterprise. It was available on Nilesat 102, Du (Channel 206), E-Vision (Channel 156), and OSN (Channel 745). In 2013, the Lebanese show Min Al Akher started airing on DMTV. The channel ceased operations unexpectedly on March 30, 2015.
# Formyl-CoA transferase

In enzymology, a formyl-CoA transferase (EC 2.8.3.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    formyl-CoA + oxalate $\rightleftharpoons$ formate + oxalyl-CoA
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are formyl-CoA and oxalate, whereas its two products are formate and oxalyl-CoA.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the CoA-transferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is formyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase. Other names in common use include formyl-coenzyme A transferase, and formyl-CoA oxalate CoA-transferase.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1T3Z, 1T4C, 1VGQ, and 1VGR.
# European Platform for Patients' Organisations, Science and Industry

The European Platform for Patients’ Organisations, Science & Industry, based in Brussels was established in 1994 as part of the initiative to promote patients' rights. It is an independent, not-for-profit, partnership-based and multi-stakeholder think tank. It is now also known as Digital Health Europe and is part of the European Patients Forum.
It is particularly concerned with Biobanking, geno-type research. It involves a number of European-facing umbrella patients’ organisations including patients' organisations, commercial enterprises and their related trade bodies, research institutes, professional and business federations.
John Peter Mary Wubbe, a Swiss transplant patient, is the Secretary General.
# Claret (Torà)

Claret is a locality located in the municipality of Torà, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 7.

## Geography

Claret is located 97km east-northeast of Lleida.
# Dáme Tu Mano

"Dáme Tu Mano" is a 1992 single by German synth-pop band Cetu Javu taken from their second album Where Is Where.

## Track listings
### 7" Promo vinyl

* Blanco y Negro Music / BNS-325 (One sided)

### 12" vinyl

* SPA: Blanco y Negro Music / MX 325
# Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial

Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A3 gene. The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and catalyzes the transport of phosphate ions across it for the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation. There are two significant isoforms of this gene expressed in human cells, which differ slightly in structure and function. Mutations in this gene can cause mitochondrial phosphate carrier deficiency (MPCD), a fatal disorder of oxidative phosphorylation symptomized by lactic acidosis, neonatal hypotonia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and death within the first year of life.

## Structure

The SLC25A3 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 12 in position 23.1 and spans 8,376 base pairs. The gene has 9 exons and produces a 40.1 kDa protein composed of 362 amino acids. The encoded protein (PHC) is a multi-pass transmembrane protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane; it contains six transmembrane segments, emerging into a large extramembranous loop. Both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of this protein protrude toward the cytosol. PHC contains three related segments arranged in tandem which are related to those found in other characterized members of the mitochondrial carrier family. There exist two transcript variants of this protein, PHC-A and PHC-B, which differ by 13 amino acids. Isoform A contains 42 amino acids while Isoform B contains 41. In vitro, the isoforms differ in their substrate affinities and transport rates.

## Function

The encoded protein (PHC) catalyzes the transport of phosphate from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix, either by proton cotransport or in exchange for hydroxyl ions. In the final steps of oxidative phosphorylation, this protein catalyzes the uptake of a phosphate ion with a proton across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The availability of inorganic phosphate for oxidative phosphorylation is mainly dependent on PHC activity. To substantially affect oxidative phosphorylation, PHC depletion must be severe, exceeding 85%. This protein may be involved in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP).

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene can cause mitochondrial phosphate carrier deficiency (MPCD), a fatal disorder of oxidative phosphorylation. Symptoms include lactic acidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and neonatal hypotonia; afflicted patients die within the first year of life.
Isoform A of this gene is expressed at high levels in heart, pancreatic, and skeletal muscle cells while Isoform B is expressed in all tissues, albeit poorly.
In the sole recorded case of a mutation in this gene, a homozygous mutation (c.215G>A) in the alternatively spliced exon 3A of this gene caused an amino acid replacement (G72E) in Isoform A. This leads to ATP synthase deficiency in muscle cells, which express Isoform A, but not in fibroblasts, which express Isoform B, causing MPCD and the aforementioned standard symptoms.

## Interactions

The encoded protein interacts with PPIF; this interaction is impaired by CsA.
# Monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase

The enzyme monoterpene ε-lactone hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.83, MLH; systematic name isoprop(en)ylmethyloxepan-2-one lactonohydrolase catalyses the reaction
    (1) isoprop(en)ylmethyloxepan-2-one + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 6-hydroxyisoprop(en)ylmethylhexanoate (general reaction)
    (2) 4-isopropenyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 6-hydroxy-3-isopropenylheptanoate
    (3) 7-isopropyl-4-methyloxepan-2-one + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanoate
The enzyme catalyses the ring opening of ε-lactones in Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14.
# Faerlea

Faerlea is a genus of acoels belonging to the family Isodiametridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
* Faerlea antora Marcus, 1952
* Faerlea echinocardii Dörjes, 1972
* Faerlea fragilis Westblad, 1945
* Faerlea glomerata Westblad, 1945
# Lichenomima lugens

Lichenomima lugens is a species of mouse-like barklouse in the family Myopsocidae. It is found in North America.
# DMT (company)

DMT GmbH & Co. KG is an engineering and consulting company based in Essen, Germany. Founded in 1990, DMT has been a subsidiary of TÜV NORD AG since 2007. It operates within the TÜV NORD GROUP, providing engineering and consulting services.
The DMT Group consists of 16 engineering and consulting firms with global locations and around 1,100 employees. The group's annual revenue is approximately €130 million. DMT collaborates on research projects with industry, research institutions, and universities internationally.

## History

DMT GmbH & Co. KG traces its corporate history to 1990. It evolved from a series of corporate mergers dating back to 1737 when the Märkische Gewerkschaftskasse was founded. In the 1990s, the business lines were integrated into the newly created Deutsche Montan Technologie für Rohstoff, Energie, Umwelt e.V., where two companies emerged:
* DMT-Gesellschaft für Forschung und Prüfung mbH
* DMT-Gesellschaft für Lehre und Bildung mbH

## Organization

DMT GmbH & Co. KG operates 19 testing and specialist centers for safety, with 17 of them being accredited or officially recognized. The company employs approximately 100 recognized experts.

## Service Areas

DMT provides engineering services in areas such as plant construction, process engineering, civil engineering, mining, and oil and gas. Its core activities include engineering, consulting, geotechnics, and exploration. The company also develops measurement and monitoring systems for various industries.

### Geo Engineering and Exploration

In this sector, DMT offers services for the development, planning, and monitoring of infrastructure projects, including geotechnical and site investigation, route engineering, and geomonitoring.

### Mining Consulting and Engineering

DMT assists investors, governments, and mining operators throughout the entire lifecycle of a mine, offering services such as resource prospecting, feasibility studies, and mine planning.

### Industrial Engineering

DMT designs and constructs process engineering plants for coking, the chemical industry, and material handling systems for mining.

### Plant and Product Safety

In this domain, DMT addresses safety aspects in various industries, including fire and explosion protection, building systems safety, and product safety and quality.

### Exploration Seismics

DMT provides solutions for reflection and refraction seismic studies.

## Products

DMT develops monitoring systems and testing equipment, including geodetic measurement systems, monitoring systems, and devices for flow measurement. The company also offers services for optimization in steel production.
# Formyl fluoride

Formyl fluoride is the organic compound with the formula HC(O)F.

## Preparation

HC(O)F was first reported in 1934. Among the many preparations, a typical one involves the reaction of sodium formate with benzoyl fluoride (generated in situ from KHF$_2$ and benzoyl chloride):
    HCOONa + C$_6$H$_5$C(O)F → FC(O)H + C$_6$H$_5$COONa

## Structure

The molecule is planar; C-O and C-F distances are 1.18 and 1.34 A, respectively.

## Reactions

HC(O)F decomposes autocatalytically near room temperature to carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride:
    HC(O)F → HF + CO
Because of the compound's sensitivity, reactions are conducted at low temperatures and samples are often stored over anhydrous alkali metal fluorides, e.g. potassium fluoride which absorbs HF.
Benzene (and other arenes) react with formyl fluoride in the presence of boron trifluoride to give benzaldehyde. In a related reaction, formyl chloride is implicated in Gattermann-Koch formylation reaction. The reaction of formyl fluoride/BF$_3$ with perdeuteriobenzene (C$_6$D$_6$) exhibits a kinetic isotope effect of 2.68, similar to the isotope effect observed in Friedel-Crafts acetylation of benzene. Formylation of benzene with a mixture of CO and hexafluoroantimonic acid however, exhibits no isotope effect (C$_6$H$_6$ and C$_6$D$_6$ react at the same rate), indicating that this reaction involves a more reactive formylating agent, possibly CHO$^+$.
Formyl fluoride undergoes the reactions expected of an acyl halide: alcohols and carboxylic acids are converted to formate esters and mixed acid anhydrides, respectively.
# Euphorbia stenoclada

Euphorbia stenoclada is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel Islands (Europa Island). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Calcarovula mikado

Calcarovula mikado is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
# Clare Cameron

Clare Cameron (née Caldin; born 5 September 1980) is a British senior civil servant. She has served as Director of Defence Innovation at the Ministry of Defence since 2019.

## Biography

Cameron was born on 5 September 1980 in London to Giles Caldin and Rachel Caldin. She attended Cheltenham Ladies’ College. She graduated from University College, Durham in 2002 with a degree in History. While at university, she was a representative for the Durham Students' Union and joined protests against rising tuition fees and the Iraq War. In 2013, she married Brigadier Peter Cameron. She has one son, one stepson, and one stepdaughter.
She applied to the Civil Service fast stream and joined the Ministry of Defence in June 2003. After she finished her time with the fast stream, she was deployed to the Helmand Province, Afghanistan for six months as Policy Advisor to the British Commander. She was appointed Director of Defence Innovation in 2019.
# Phillip Kinono

Phillip Kinono (born 10 December 1997) is a Marshallese swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing the Marshall Islands ||||||
| 2017 | World Aquatics Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 118th | 50 metre freestyle | 30.75 |
| 2017 | World Aquatics Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 112th | 100 metre freestyle | 1:12.94 |
| 2018 | FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) | Hangzhou, China | | 50 metre breaststroke | DQ |
| 2018 | FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) | Hangzhou, China | | 100 metre freestyle | DQ |
| 2019 | World Aquatics Championships | Gwangju, South Korea | 124th | 50 metre freestyle | 29.25 |
| 2019 | World Aquatics Championships | Gwangju, South Korea | 74th | 50 metre backstroke | 41.27 |

## Best Results

| Event | Time | Date | Venue |
| 50 metre freestyle | 27.86 | 30 July 2021 | JPN |
| 50 metre backstroke | 41.27 | 27 July 2019 | KOR |
| 50 metre breaststroke | 42.35 | 28 June 2018 | PNG |
| 50 metre butterfly | 39.75 | 26 June 2018 | PNG |
| 100 metre freestyle | 1:12.94 | 26 July 2017 | HUN |
| 100 metre breaststroke | 1:44.74 | 27 June 2018 | PNG |
# Carperby Market Cross

Carperby Market Cross is a historic structure in Carperby, a village in Wensleydale, in England.
Carperby was granted a market charter in 1305, but it is believed that it ceased to hold markets around 1587, when nearby Aysgarth assumed greater importance. A market was restarted in the 17th century, and it is possible that the market cross was erected to commemorate this occasion. The cross was erected in the village centre in 1674, and restored in 1843. The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority argues that the base may be of this later date. It was Grade II listed in 1952, and made a scheduled monument in 1995.
The cross is constructed of sandstone, and has an octagonal tapering shaft on a base of seven square steps. On the arms of the cross are recessed square panels, and on the top is a panel containing initials. The date 1674 is on the east face of the arms, and 1843 on the west face, along with an inscription "RB". On the ends are face masks in bas-relief.
# Rajesh Borah

Rajesh Kumar Borah (born 14 November 1967) is an Indian former first-class cricketer who represented Assam and Railways. He was regarded as "perhaps the finest cricketer Assam has produced." After his playing career, he worked as a coach.

## Life and career

A right-handed batsman and right-arm off break bowler, Borah made his first-class debut in 1983 at the age of 16 and represented India Under-19s in the 1986/87 season. He appeared for Assam between 1983/84 and 2000/01 as well as for Railways for two seasons. In 1988, he struck 126 off 62 balls against Tripura in the Ranji Trophy, which is one of the fastest hundreds in Indian domestic cricket. In 66 first-class matches, he amassed more than 3000 runs and took 28 wicket with his part-time bowling. He also appeared for East Zone in Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy.
Borah worked as the coach of Assam during the 2000–01 Ranji Trophy when the team managed to earn qualification for the Elite Group. He then worked as the chief coach at the Assam Cricket Academy. He was appointed as the head coach of Assam for a second time before the 2008–09 season. In 2008, Borah also became a member of the national junior team selection committee.
Currently, he is serving as an Assistant Sports Officer in Indian Railways.
# Lily Nie

Lily Nie (born 1963) is the founder of Chinese Children Adoption International, which has overseen the international adoptions of over 10,160 Chinese children. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2008.

## Life and education

Lily Nie was born in Yingkou in 1963. She earned a law degree from Fushun University. She moved to the United States in 1987 to marry her fiancé, Joshua Zhong. She and her husband relocated to Colorado from South Carolina in 1988, when her husband received a scholarship to Denver Seminary. In the 1990s, she began working on a master's degree in business administration, and earned it in 1994 from the University of Phoenix. She also has a degree in human resources management from Colorado Christian University. She and her husband also had a baby boy and girl. Both she and her husband became United States citizens in 1999.

## Career and activism

Nie became a business law attorney in China after receiving her law degree. After relocating to the United States, she became interested in activism for vulnerable children after being taught English from a couple that was raising four adopted children. When she and her husband had to relocate to Colorado, she enrolled in the Spring International Language Institute and worked as a maid and taught Mandarin Chinese to afford her tuition. In 1992, the laws in China changed to let foreigners adopt Chinese children. She founded Chinese Children Adoption International with her husband. In 1994, she helped adopt 20 Chinese children living in orphanages and relocated them to Colorado homes. In 1995, Nie made five trips to China and facilitated the adoption of 140 children. Chinese Children Adoption International is now the largest China-only adoption agency in the world. The organization has also paved the way for addressing the care of children in Chinese orphanages, and increasing Chinese governmental oversight of orphanages.
Nie created the Chinese Children Charity Fund to raise funds to care for Chinese children living in orphanages. The charity went on to open three orphanages in China, called Lily Orphan Care Centers, and helped to train orphanage care workers. After Chinese policy allowed foster care, the organization began to train foster care parents and families and helped to place children in foster homes in China. The organization actively places special-needs children in American homes, as well. They have also established bilingual Chinese agents in all provinces of China, and they help facilitate adoptions. In 1996, Nie started the Joyous Chinese Cultural School in Littleton, Colorado. The school was started to teach Chinese children the Chinese language and about Chinese culture. She also founded the ChinaRoots program, which helps lead heritage trips to China for adopted children and their families. She also aided in creating the Red Thread Counseling Center, which was the first counseling agency in the United States to help provide counseling and emotional help to adopted children and their adoptive families. Nie and her organization have also established charity programs for children too old to be placed with families.
# Football League Third Division Player of the Month

The Football League Third Division Player of the Month award was a monthly prize of recognition given to association football players in the Football League Third Division, the fourth tier of English football from 1992 to 2004. The award was announced in the first week of the following month. From the 2004–05 season onwards, following a rebranding exercise by The Football League, the fourth tier was known as Football League Two, thus the award became the Football League Two Player of the Month award.

## Winners

* August 2003 - Lee Trundle (Swansea City)
* September 2003 - Jon Stead (Huddersfield Town)
* October 2003 - Michael McIndoe (Doncaster Rovers)
* November 2003 - Peter Beagrie (Scunthorpe United)
* December 2003 - Andy Preece (Carlisle United)
* For results from 2004–05 onwards, see EFL League Two Player of the Month.
# Euphorbia spiralis

Euphorbia spiralis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a succulent subshrub or shrub endemic to Socotra in Yemen.
# Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi

Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (كليفلاند كلينك أبو ظبي, known as CCAD) is a private hospital located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It has 364 beds. There is the part of Cleveland Clinic Foundation of USA, has been open to the public since May 2015.

## History

Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi is the result of a partnership agreement signed in 2006 between Mubadala Development Company and Cleveland Clinic.
The hospital was officially inaugurated on December 3, 2015 by then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Construction of the project began with Mubadala Development Company appointing Aldar Properties in 2007 as the project's development manager, to oversee the design, construction and commissioning of the hospital. The hospital was initially scheduled to begin full-service operations to patients by the fourth quarter of 2013. Construction was delayed for another 18 months prior to opening its facility to the public in May 2015 due to logistic challenges faced by the massive size of the project. The building is currently the largest structural steel building in the UAE, weighing more than 30,000 tonnes.
On 16 October 2019, an opera singer and recovering stroke patient who had previously received life-saving treatment at the hospital, performed a lunchtime performance for visitors and staff at CCAD.

## Facilities

Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi is a 23-acre facility with five clinical floors, three diagnostic and treatment levels and 13 floors of critical and acute inpatient units. The 409,234 square metre hospital currently has 364 patient beds, with the option to increase that level to 490, including 72 ICU beds, 4 post anesthesia care units (PACU) and 26 operating rooms. Having 340 doctors and 2,918 nurses and other workers, the hospital currently has more than 50 medical and surgical specialities and is designed to operate five different specialist centres of excellence covering digestive disease, eye, heart and vascular disorders, neurological treatment, and respiratory and critical care. There were more than 5,000 physicians from all around the world who had applied for the initial 175 doctor positions in the hospital. Those who were hired had to complete 40 interviews for the job - 20 in the US and another 20 in Abu Dhabi. Eighty percent of the successful applicants are US-trained, and the rest were trained in western Europe.