OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cerbera floribunda

Cerbera floribunda, commonly known as cassowary plum, grey milkwood, or rubber tree, is a plant in the family Apocynaceae which is native to the region from Sulawesi to the Solomon Islands, including north east Queensland.

## Description

Cerbera floribunda is a tree that grows up to 30 m (98 ft) in height. The bark is brown to grey/black, and the sap wood and heart wood are both white. Leaves are lanceolate-elliptic, glossy green above and paler beneath, alternate or whorled and crowded towards the ends of the twigs. They measure up to 30 cm (12 in) long by 5 cm (2.0 in) wide, with 13 to 20 curved lateral veins and are attached by a long petiole up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long.
The inflorescence is a much branched cyme up to 17 cm (6.7 in) with usually more than 50 flowers. The flowers have 5 white sepals, a corolla tube up to 12 mm (0.47 in) by 3 mm (0.12 in) wide with 5 free lobes at the end. They are white with a pink or red centre, are about 25 to 30 mm (0.98 to 1.18 in) in diameter, and have a sweet scent.
Fruits are a bright blue/purple drupe measuring about 10 cm (3.9 in) long by 5 cm (2.0 in) wide, slightly pointed and the end away from the pedicel (stem), with a single large seed.

## Taxonomy

Cerbera floribunda was first described by Karl Moritz Schumann in Die Flora von Kaiser Wilhelms Land (K.M.Schumann & U.M.Hollrung, Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land: 111 (1889)) in 1889.

## Distribution and habitat

This is a tropical plant and favours abundant water. The native range is from Sulawesi, east through the Maluku Islands and New Guinea to Solomon Islands, and south to Queensland; it is widespread throughout the range and not considered to be endangered. It is generally found along creeks and marshes and always near permanent water. Altitudinal range in Australia is from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft).

## Ecology

Fruits are swallowed whole by cassowaries, who are not affected by the toxins contained within. They then excrete the seeds later, helping to distribute them. The cassowary is the only animal able to provide this function, due to the size of the fruits, and this forms a classic example of a symbiotic relationship between the two species.
Rodents, in particular the White-tailed rat, eat the kernels after stripping away the flesh but in this case (if they leave some of the kernel behind) it is unlikely to germinate.

## Toxicity

As with other species of Cerbera, and indeed many other species in the family Apocynaceae, fruits of this plant are toxic to humans. Cerbera species contain the cardiac glycoside cerberin, and if eaten will result in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and potentially death. The white sap, which is produced from all parts of the tree, may also cause skin irritation on contact.

## Uses

The timber has been used for mouldings and interior finishings in Bouganville and other parts of Papua New Guinea, and for carvings and medicine in the Solomon Islands.

## Gallery

* Inflorescence
* Fruit
* Foliage and flowers
# Ceirano GB & C

Ceirano GB & C was a historic automobile company, founded in October 1888 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano, Emanuele di Bricherasio, Attilio Calligaris, Pietro Fenoglio and Cesare Goria Gatti.
The new company was based in Turin, where it began to build bicycles under the Welleyes brand name. In 1899, the company hired Aristide Faccioli to design a small car with two seats. Welleyes was a success for Ceirano, but they were unable to cope with volume production, so, in July 1899, Ceirano sold the company, plans and patents to Giovanni Agnelli, for launch as the first F.I.A.T. automobile.

## Ceirano family background

The Ceirano brothers, Giovanni Battista, Giovanni, Ernesto and Matteo, were influential in the founding of the Italian auto industry, being variously responsible for : Ceirano; Welleyes (the technical basis of F.I.A.T.); Fratelli Ceirano; S.T.A.R. / Rapid (Società Torinese Automobili Rapid); SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino); Itala and S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili). Giovanni's son Giovanni "Ernesto" was also influential, co-founding Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili (aka Giovanni Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili) and Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA).
In 1888, after eight years apprenticeship at his father's watch-making business, Giovanni Battista started building Welleyes bicycles, so named because English names had more sales appeal. In October 1898, Giovanni Battista and Matteo co-founded Ceirano GB & C and started producing the Welleyes motor car in 1899. In July 1899, the plant and patents were sold to Giovanni Agnelli and produced as the first F.I.A.T.s - the Fiat 4 HP. Giovanni Battista was employed by Fiat as the agent for Italy, but within a year he left to found Fratelli Ceirano & C. which in 1903 became Società Torinese Automobili Rapid (S.T.A.R.) building cars badged as 'Rapid'. In 1904, Matteo Ceirano left Ceirano GB & C to create his own brand - Itala. In 1906, Matteo left Itala to found S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili) with chief designer, Alberto Ballacco. In 1906, Giovanni founded SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) in Turin. In 1919, Giovanni and Giovanni "Ernesto" co-founded Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili (aka Giovanni Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili), and in 1922, they took control of Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA).

## The car

The Welleyes was presented on 30 April 1899, and was designed by Aristide Faccioli, one of the most brilliant car engineers at the time. The car was equipped with two horizontal cylinders, transmission with leather belt and with two gears. The first Fiat made car FIAT 3 ½ HP was a direct derivative of this model.
# Ceirano

Ceirano may refer to:

## Organisations

Ceirano is the name associated with several Italian automobile companies founded by brothers Ceirano:
* Ceirano GB & C (Ceirano & C.), founded in 1898 by Giovanni Battista and Matteo Ceirano, and was key to the founding of the F.I.A.T. industrial group in 1899
* Fratelli Ceirano (Fratelli Ceirano & C.), founded in 1901 by Giovanni Battista and Matteo Ceirano.
* Itala (Itala Fabbrica Automobili), founded in 1903 by Matteo Ceirano.
* Ceirano Junior & C, aka Junior F.J.T.A. was founded in 1904 by Giovanni Ceirano.
* Società Piemontese Automobili S.P.A. (SPA), founded in 1906 by Matteo Ceirano and Michele Ansaldi.
* SCAT (Società Automobili Torino Ceirano), founded in 1906 by Giovanni Ceirano
* Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili or Giovanni Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili, founded in 1917 by Giovanni and his son Giovanni "Ernesto" (used the brand Ceirano)
* SCAT-Ceirano, formed in 1923 from the merger of S.C.A.T. and Ceirano Fabrica Automobili
* Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA) - See Aurea, taken over by Giovanni and his son Giovanni "Ernesto"
# Cooltoon

Cooltoon was an Italian television channel dedicated to broadcasting anime programming. Exclusively available on Sky Italia, it was launched in 2007 and closed down in 2011.

## Programming

* Captain Harlock
* Daltanius
* Desert Punk
* Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids
* Filmation's Ghostbusters
* Future Boy Conan
* Great Teacher Onizuka
* La Linea
* He-Man
* InuYasha
* Invincible Steel Man Daitarn 3
* Ōgon Bat
* Robotech
* Ranma ½
* Saiyuki
* She-Ra
* Six God Combination Godmars
* Samurai 7
* The New Adventures of Flash Gordon
* Transformers
* Urusei Yatsura
# Cooltong

Cooltong is a local name north west of Renmark in South Australia. It may refer to
* Cooltong, South Australia, a town
* Cooltong Conservation Park
and several other geographic and cultural features.
# Ceratonia oreothauma

Ceratonia oreothauma is a species of tree native to Oman and Somaliland.

## Description

Ceratonia oreothauma is a small tree with gnarled branches and rough bark which grows up to 8 meters high. It is evergreen, with singly-pinnate leaves bearing up to 20 leaflets.
Ceratonia oreothauma flowers in March and April. Flowers are either purely male or purely female, with minute and sterile primary anthers.

## Distribution and habitat

Ceratonia oreothauma has two widely separated populations which are classified as separate subspecies. C. oreothauma ssp. oreothauma is found in a single valley on Jebel Aswad in the eastern Hajar Mountains of Oman between 900 and 2000 meters elevation. C. oreothauma subsp. somalensis occurs in the mountains of Somaliland between 1500 and 1800 meters elevation.

## Conservation

The population trend of subspecies oreothauma is not well understood. The eastern portion of its population is in Wadi Siren Nature Reserve. The northwestern portion of the population is not regenerating. The subspecies is considered Vulnerable.
The known populations of subspecies somalensis in Somaliland are very small. Its habitat is unprotected, and is under pressure from human use. The subspecies is considered Endangered.

## Systematics

Ceratonia has one other species, Ceratonia siliqua or carob, which is distributed around the Mediterranean. C. oreothauma is morphologically distinct from C. siliqua. In addition the pollen grains of C. oreothauma are slightly smaller than those of C. siliqua and are tricolporate rather than tetracolporate.
# Ceratomyxidae

Ceratomyxidae is a family of myxozoans.

## Genera

* Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892
* Ceratonova Atkinson, Foott et Bartholomew, 2014
* Ellipsomyxa Køie, 2003
* Meglitschia Kovaljova, 1988
# Corn Products Refining Co. v. Commissioner

Corn Products Refining Company v. Commissioner, 350 U.S. 46 (1955), is a United States Supreme Court decision that helps taxpayers classify whether or not the disposition of a commodity futures contract by a business of raw materials as part of its hedging of business risk is an ordinary or capital gain or loss for income tax purposes.

## Background

Corn Products Company suffered large losses in the early 1930s, when prices of its main raw material grain corn rose dramatically during droughts in the Midwest's Dust Bowl. As a result, it later engaged futures contracts to protect itself from such prices rises in the future.
In its initial tax returns of 1940 and 1942, it declared gains and losses on such futures contracts to be ordinary. Later, in amended returns, the taxpayer reversed itself.
The Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service held the such gains and losses were not a capital but ordinary loss.

## Issue

Are futures contracts on a company's raw material more like capital assets or more like insurance? (The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) treats capital assets of brokers as ordinary trade assets, if they are part of that business' inventory, so gains and losses would be ordinary and not capital.)

## Decision

The Supreme Court affirmed the Tax Court's determination that the loss was an ordinary loss because it seemed more like hedging and thus insurance and not like an investment. Even though the petitioner's actions were not true hedging (which would include protections against a fall in price), the purchase of the futures were an integral part of its manufacturing business.
Thus, the petitioner was in the business of purchasing corn futures, meaning that IRC § 1221(a)(2)defines petitioner's income as ordinary income, not capital gains.
The Court reasoned that the broad definition of the term "capital asset" does not bring operations of a business. Hedging transactions that are an integral part of a business's inventory-purchase system fall within the inventory exclusion of section 1221.
# Coraci River

The Coraci River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil.
# Coracistis

Coracistis is a monotypic moth genus in the family Elachistidae. Its only species, Coracistis erythrocosma, is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1897. It
The wingspan is 21–22 mm. The forewings are blackish fuscous, coppery tinged posteriorly. The scale tufts are shining purple anteriorly. The hindwings are dark fuscous, tinged with bronzy.
# Cerethrius

Cerethrius was a Gallic king in Thrace. He was defeated in 277 BC, by Antigonus II Gonatas at the Battle of Lysimachia.
# Corel Photo House

Corel Photo House is a discontinued raster graphics editor, replaced by Corel Photo-Paint. Corel Photo House was sometimes distributed free with image scanners such as the HP ScanJet. Corel Photo House saved images in the proprietary CPS image file format, which is however not supported by Paint Shop Pro or corel Photo-Paint. Corel Photo House was a photo-editing and bitmap creation program that makes it easy for you to touch up photographs, add text and special effects, or create Bitmap images.
# Mordellistena bistrigata

Mordellistena bistrigata is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1965 by Ermisch.
# Mordellistena blandula

Mordellistena blandula is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1945 by Liljeblad.
# Copper(II) acetylacetonate

Copper(II) acetylacetonate is the coordination compound with the formula Cu(O$_2$C$_5$H$_7$)$_2$. It is the homoleptic acetylacetonate complex of copper(II). It is insoluble within water and exists as a bright blue solid. According to X-ray crystallography, the Cu center is square planar. Single crystals of this compound exhibit the unusual property of being highly flexible, allowing the formation of knots. The flexibility is attributed to the nature of the intermolecular forces.
# Cerro San Javier

San Javier Hill is a geographical feature, located in the province of Tucumán, Argentina.

## Geography

It is about 24 km (15 miles) from the provincial capital, San Miguel de Tucumán. The road to the hill has more than 100 curves and at is bordered by tropical vegetation typical to the region.
The mountain range occupies more than 19,000 hectares. The summit of Taficillo to the north has a maximum altitude of about 1876 meter (6155 feet). The dominant vegetation includes cloud forests, jungles, and mountain forests or yungas that host summer villages closest to the city: Villa Nougués, El Siambón, Raco, and San Javier.

## Amenities

Sporting activities include paragliding, trekking, horseback riding, mountain biking, hiking, etc.
It offers a beautiful view: towards the west, the capital and its surrounding plain, and on the other side, the green mesas that have the Calchaquíes summits as a background.
The summer village of San Javier is on the ridge of the mountain range, near Yerba Buena, at an altitude of 1200 meters. El Cristo Bendicente, is a sculpture that stands 28 m (92 Feet) high and weighs 135.8 tons, made by the artist from Tucuman, Juan Carlos Iramain. It was inaugurated in 1942, the year of the founding of the Village. Due to its size, it can be seen from the city.

## Climate

The temperature is pleasant throughout the year, especially in summer when the temperature is high in San Miguel de Tucumán. In winter, snow falls sporadically
# Coronae Montes

Coronae Montes is a mountain on the planet Mars. The name Coronae Montesis a classical albedo name. It has a diameter of 236 kilometres (147 mi). This was approved by International Astronomical Union in 1991.
# Cefn Sidan

Cefn Sidan (Welsh for 'silky ridge'; also known as Pembrey beach) is a long sandy beach with dunes, which form the outer edge of the Pembrey Burrows between Burry Port and Kidwelly, facing southwestwards over Carmarthen Bay in South Wales. Cefn Sidan beach is backed by dunes, salt marshes, Pembrey Forest and the Pembrey Country Park.

## Geography

Cefn Sidan stretches for nearly eight miles from the coastal town of Burry Port to Tywyn Point at the mouth of the Gwendraeth estuary near Kidwelly. The sand has small grains and the beach is backed by dunes of windblown sand. There are sand bars projecting as shoals into Carmarthen Bay at either end of the beach. The beach has a life guard patrolling during the summer months and can be accessed by ten approach routes where notices provide information for visitors. Pembrey Forest, the Saltings nature reserve and Pembrey Country Park are inland from the beach, and RAF Pembrey is also sited here.

## Wrecks

The sands were treacherous to sailing ships and a number of vessels were certainly lost around Pembrey, including "La Jeune Emma" bound from the West Indies to France and blown badly off course in 1828. 13 of the 19 on board drowned, including Adeline Coquelin, the 12-year-old niece of Napoleon Bonaparte's divorced wife Josephine de Beauharnais. She is buried at St. Illtyds Church, Pembrey. The last large ship to be lost was the four masted windjammer, the SV Paul, carrying a cargo of timber and grounding in a storm in 1925. Today Cefn Sidan forms part of the Pembrey Country Park leisure and nature complex.
The beach is used by naturists, although this is not encouraged by the local council.
The beach is visually spectacular because of the fine structure of its sand granules – however, this makes it unsuitable for making stable structures beyond simple sand castles. On Sunday 3 August 2008 a 16-year-old boy was trapped when the tunnel he was digging in the sand dunes behind the beach collapsed. Swansea Coastguard said the alarm was raised around 19:10 BST, and a Burry Port coastguard team arrived within 15 minutes. After a helicopter air ambulance transfer to Morriston Hospital in Swansea, doctors pronounced him dead.
# Copper Mountain

Copper Mountain may refer to:

## Places in Canada

* Copper Mountain (Alberta)
* Copper Mountain (British Columbia)
* Copper Mountain, British Columbia, Canada

## Places in the United States

* Copper Mountains, a mountain in Arizona
* Copper Mountain (Colorado), a mountain and ski resort
* Copper Mountain, Colorado, United States, a census-designated place
* Peak Mountain or Copper Mountain, a mountain in Connecticut
* Copper Mountain (Idaho), a peak of the Sawtooth Range in Idaho
* Copper Mountain (Montana), a mountain in Madison County, Montana
* Copper Mountain (Nevada)
* Copper Mountain (South Dakota), a mountain in South Dakota
* Copper Mountain (Mason County, Washington), a summit in Olympic National Park
* Copper Mountain (Pierce County, Washington), a summit in Mount Rainier National Park
* Copper Mountain (Whatcom County, Washington), a summit in North Cascades National Park
* Copper Mountain (Wyoming), A summit in the Bridger Mountains in central Wyoming.

## Other uses

* Copper Mountain (film), a 1983 film
* Copper Mountain Solar Facility, a facility in Boulder City, Nevada
# Coronal plane

The coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes.

## Details

The coronal plane is an example of a longitudinal plane. For a human, the mid-coronal plane would transect a standing body into two halves (front and back, or anterior and posterior) in an imaginary line that cuts through both shoulders. The description of the coronal plane applies to most animals as well as humans even though humans walk upright and the various planes are usually shown in the vertical orientation.
The sternal plane (planum sternale) is a coronal plane which transects the front of the sternum.

## Etymology

The term is derived from Latin corona ('garland, crown'), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnē, 'garland, wreath'). The coronal plane is so called because it lies in the same direction as the coronal suture.

## Additional images

* CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with coronal reconstruction (right) and axial planning data (left).
* Sectional planes of the brain
* Identical twins at a gestational age of 15 weeks, shown in coronal and sagittal plane, respectively
* Sagittal section (top) vs. coronal section (bottom) of a mouse brain
# Chaetonychia

Chaetonychia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Chaetonychia cymosa. Its native range is the western Mediterranean.
# Chaetopappa hersheyi

Chaetopappa hersheyi is a rare perennial plant species of plant called Hershey's cliff daisy, in the sunflower family. The epithet "hersheyi" honors the plant's discoverer, Arthur LeRoy Hershey, who collected it in 1944. It was formally described by Sidney Fay Blake in 1946.
Other vernacular names have been adapted to this plant including Guadalupe least daisy and Guadalupe lazy daisy. this name emerges from the fact that these plants are found in the Guadalupe Mountains in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. Many of the populations lie inside Guadalupe Mountains National Park and the nearby Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

## Description

Chaetopappa hersheyi grows to an average of about 5 cm (2 in) high, but have been recorded to up to 15 cm (6 in), producing a single flower head. The stem has rigid and ascending hairs usually with 4–6 leaves on it. The leaves are spatulate or lance-shaped and spiny at the tip, they range from 1.5 to 6.0 mm (0.06 to 0.24 in) long and up to 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. Composed of white ray florets and yellow disk florets, the flower heads resembles those of the common or lawn daisy, Bellis perennis, in color. They originally blossom a light bluish color, then fading to white when mature and finally drying maroon.
It is considered an herb because it lacks woody material when established. Hershey's cliff daisy is a vascular, seed and flowering plant, this implies that these plants conduct water and minerals through the plant, and produce seeds and flowers. A type of simple, dry fruit is produced from this plant called an achene.

## Ecology

It is native to steep limestone cliffs in woodland and rocky Mountain montane coniferous forest communities, as well as walls, ledges and banks, usually at 1,500–2,400 m (4,900–7,900 ft). It is relatively abundant in the Guadalupe Mountains.
The plant grows in full sun to partial shade conditions and its blooming time is in late spring to early fall, with the most blooming during May. It attracts bees, butterflies and birds. There are no major threats to this species other than collection along trails. Most plants grow in inaccessible locations, however.
The species has a NatureServe conservation status of G3, vulnerable. This implies that it is at moderate risk of extirpation, or extinction, in its jurisdiction due to its restricted range. The plant grows around seeps.
# Bar-tailed cuckoo-dove

The bar-tailed cuckoo-dove or black-billed cuckoo-dove (Macropygia nigrirostris) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is native to New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. It is rated as a species of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species.

## Description

The bar-tailed cuckoo-dove measures 29 centimetres (11 in) in length. It has a short, completely black bill. The six central tail feathers are black barred. The central breast feathers are not bifurcated. The male is ruddy-brown, with no clear distinction between the underparts and the upperparts. The female, however, has black barred upperparts. The juvenile is similar to the female, but its tail is barred irregularly.
It is differentiated from other sympatric (other species existing in the same geographic area and thus frequently encountering with it) pigeons other than cuckoo-doves, by its chestnut brown plumage and slender, long tail.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. It inhabits old-growth forests, forest peripheries, and second-growth forests. It also occurs commonly on submontane forests on altitudes of up to 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) from sea levels, and occasionally at sea levels on hills adjacent to coasts.

## Status and conservation

Since 1988, the bar-tailed cuckoo-dove has been rated as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. This is because it has a very large range—more than 20,000 km$^2$ (7,700 mi$^2$)—and because it has a stable population trend. Also, although its population numbers has not been determined, it is commonly found throughout most of its distribution, it is thought to be above 10,000 which is above the criterion to warrant it a vulnerable rating. There are no substantial threats thought to be to this species.