OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1814 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1814 in Australia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - George III

### Governors

Governors of the Australian colonies:
* Governor of New South Wales – Lachlan Macquarie
* Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land – Major Thomas Davey

## Events

* 31 January – The "holey dollar" and "dump" go into circulation.
* 4 February
** The Court of Civil Jurisdiction is abolished by the Second Charter of Justice; it was replaced by the Supreme Court of Civil Judicature of New South Wales. The court had jurisdiction to deal with civil disputes where the amount in dispute in the colony was more than £50 sterling.
** The Governors Court is established by Letters Patent dated 4 February 1814 issued by King George III. The court had jurisdiction over civil claims in New South Wales.
** The Lieutenant Governor's Court is established by Letters Patent dated 4 February 1814 issued by King George III. The court had jurisdiction over civil claims in Van Diemen's Land.
* 20 May – The convict transport ship Three Bees catches fire and blows up in Sydney Harbour.
* Anglesea Barracks is established.

## Births

* 3 March – Louis Buvelot
* Date unknown: Robert Richard Torrens

## Deaths

* 8 May – Francis Grose
* 19 July – Matthew Flinders
* 31 August – Admiral Arthur Phillip RN, British naval officer and former Governor of New South Wales, dies at Bath, England aged 75.
# Romulea hirsuta

Romulea hirsuta is a geophyte from South Africa. It has pink flowers with dark marks at the edges of the yellow center.

## Description

Romulea hirsuta is a cormous plant which grows to a height of 6–30 cm (2.4–11.8 in) tall. The stem may be found underground or be up to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall. It has between two and six basal leaves that usually grow along the stem. They have four grooves and may be ciliate. The bell-shaped corm is symmetrical and has a fibrous basal rim.
Unscented flowers are present in August and September. They are usually pink or red in colour and frequently have darker markings around the yellow cup in the center. The tepals range between 15 and 35 mm (0.59 and 1.38 in) in length. The coppery orange coloured population found growing on mountains between Clanwilliam and Hermanus lack the darker markings around the center. These flowers may resemble Romulea triflora.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa. It is widely distributed in the region, where it is found growing between Clanwilliam and the Agulhas Peninsula. It prefers sandy and granite substrates, but may sometimes be found growing on clay.

## Ecology

This species is insect pollinated and is most frequently visited by monkey beetles. Two important pollinators in Darling are Lepisia rupicola (a species of monkey beetle) and an unidentified species of colletid bee. While the former visits more frequently, the latter carries a higher pollen load.
# Dale Stevenson

Dale Stevenson may refer to:
* Dale Stevenson (Canadian football) (born 1987), Canadian football offensive linemen
* Dale Stevenson (athlete) (born 1988), Australian athlete
# Pilagás Department

Pilagás is a department of the province of Formosa (Argentina).
# Hunterston Castle

Hunterston Castle, West Kilbride, North Ayrshire, Scotland is the historic home of the lairds of Hunterston and Chiefs of Clan Hunter. The keep dates from the late 12th, or early 13th centuries, while the attached manor house is of the 18th century. The estate was granted to the Hunters by David I of Scotland in the 12th century, and the heads of the clan have lived on the estate for the following 900 years. The castle is a Category A listed building.

## History

The original Hunters were Norman French in origin, who were granted the lands around Hunterston by King David I in the 12th century. In the Middle Ages, the chief of Clan Hunter was granted the hereditary title of Royal Huntsman. The family has owned the castle ever since, although much of the estate was compulsorily purchased by the government in the 20th century to enable the construction of the Hunterston A and Hunterston B nuclear power stations.

## Architecture and description

The tower dates from the late 12th, or early 13th, centuries, although earlier buildings existed nearby. In the 18th century, a house was added to the tower to provide additional accommodation. In the 19th century, this was considered insufficient and a Neoclassical house, Hunterston House, was built to the north of the castle. In 1926 Robert Lorimer undertook an extensive restoration of the castle. It is a Category A listed building.

## Public Access

Between 1974 and 1985 the castle was open to the general public. Due to new rules and legislation by the nearby nuclear power stations which felt that having too many people in the area would be a security risk and also impossible to evacuate them quickly in event of an emergency. After this the castle was accessible on a case by case advance request visit only until 1994 when the castle became off limits to the public and only Clan Hunter members were allowed to visit. In the 2000s the castle was open one day a year as part of the opendays event, however this still caused problems due to the vicinity of the power stations so it was dropped from future events and reverted to clan members only. The castle can still be viewed externally as it stands next to a public right of way and a sustrans cycle route.
# Cerberilla affinis

Cerberilla affinis is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine heterobranch mollusc in the family Aeolidiidae. It was described as a variety by Bergh, 1888 but elevated to species status by Burn, 1966.

## Distribution

This species was described from Indonesia. It has been reported from localities in the Central Indo-Pacific region to Lord Howe Island, the eastern Australian mainland and New Caledonia and is probably widespread in the West Pacific.

## Description

All Cerberilla species have a broad foot and the cerata are long and numerous, arranged in transverse rows across the body. In this species the long oral tentacles have bands of dark blue and there is a narrow band of black on each of the cerata. Two species from the Indian Ocean, Cerberilla africana Eliot, 1903 (East Africa) and Cerberilla moebii (Bergh, 1888) - Mauritius are similar in colour.

## Ecology

Species of Cerberilla live on and in sandy substrates where they burrow beneath the surface and feed on burrowing sea anemones.
# Coat of arms of the Transvaal

The coat of arms of the Transvaal was the official heraldic symbol of the South African Republic from 1866 to 1877 and again from 1881 to 1902, and later the symbol of the Transvaal Province from 1954 to 1994 in a simplified form. It is now obsolete.

## History

The South African Republic was established in 1857. On 18 February 1858, the Volksraad (legislature) resolved that the new state should have the following coat of arms:
   On a silver field there shall be placed a wagon and a golden anchor, while an eagle shall rest upon the arms. On the right hand side of the arms a man in national costume with a gun and accessories. On the left hand side a lion.
The earliest known appearance of the arms was on banknotes issued in 1866. The crudely drawn arms were depicted as a shield with a lion, an anchor, and a man in the upper half, an ox-wagon in the lower half, and the motto 'Eendragt maakt magt' (sic, cf. Flag of the SAR) on a riband across the top. This rendition also appeared on the Staatscourant (government gazette) from 1867.
A better version, in which the shield was divided into sections, an eagle was perched on top, and three flags were draped down each side, first appeared on the postage stamps in 1869, and this became the preferred rendition. From 1871, this too appeared on the banknotes, and from 1872 it was on the masthead of the Staatscourant.
The arms were in abeyance during the British occupation of the Transvaal, from 1877 to 1881. Revived in 1881, they became obsolete again when the republic ceased to exist in 1902.
In 1950, the Transvaal provincial administration decided to adopt the old arms as provincial arms and commissioned chief archivist Dr Coenraad Beyers to investigate and report on the most suitable version. The arms were apparently introduced in 1954, and they were used until the province ceased to exist in 1994.

## Blazon

The arms were recorded at the College of Arms in July 1955, and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in October 1967. The official blazon is:
   * An oval shield per fess, the chief divided per pale; dexter Gules, a natural lion contourne couchant gardant Or; sinister Azure, a bearded man in national dress wearing a hat and bandolier, and holding in the left hand a gun resting upon the ground; in base Vert, a Voortrekker wagon proper; on an inescutcheon Argent an anchor Sable, cabled Gules.
   * Perched on the shield an eagle displayed Or.
   * Behind the shield and draped below on both sides three flags of the South African Republic, green, red, white and blue.
   * Motto: EENDRACHT MAAKT MAGT
# Romano Pontifici eligendo

Romano Pontifici eligendo was the apostolic constitution governing the election of popes that was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 1 October 1975. It instituted a number of far-reaching reforms in the process of electing popes. It set the maximum number of electors at 120 and restated in a more formal context the rule he had already instituted that cardinals over the age of 80 not participate in electing a pope.
The constitution was superseded by Universi Dominici gregis.

## Provisions

In November 1970 in Ingravescentem aetatem Pope Paul had prohibited cardinals over the age of eighty from participating in a papal conclave to elect a pope. This new apostolic constitution incorporated that rule in the context of setting out regulations for the organization of a conclave.
In March 1973, during a consistory to create new cardinals, Pope Paul had discussed plans to modify procedures for papal elections, including limiting the number of electors to 120 and adding as voters the patriarchs of the Eastern Rite churches, even if not cardinals, and the leadership of the Synod of Bishops. He abandoned all of those ideas except one, and in this apostolic constitution set the maximum number of cardinal electors at 120. When his 80-year-old limit had taken effect on 1 January 1971, there were 102 cardinals eligible to participate in a conclave.
Pope Paul also imposed strict regulations on the physical organization of a conclave, including a requirement that the windows of the Sistine Chapel be boarded up. Cardinals found the restrictions excessive during the two conclaves of 1978 and Pope John Paul II dropped them in his 1996 apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996).
Pope Paul had been crowned in June 1963 following his election but abandoned the wearing of a papal tiara in November 1964. Nevertheless, in this apostolic constitution he wrote that a coronation would follow the election. His immediate successors John Paul I and John Paul II chose not to be crowned, and John Paul II made no mention of a coronation when he revised the election process in 1996.
# Privatization in Morocco

Privatizations in Morocco were initiated by the Moroccan government in the early 1990s, following a policy of privatization of certain economic sectors which used to be in the hands of the government. Privatizations started in earnest in 1993, and advanced at a steady pace, averaging one sale of a public company per month. Raising more than US $1 billion in revenue plus investment commitments of another US $260 million, by the end of that year. The number of partly or fully privatized companies in Morocco between 1993 and 2005 reached 66 earning overall MAD 75.5 billion. The various industries affected include airlines, telecommunications, large industrial projects, and tourism. In the agricultural sector, the government plans to sell off agricultural lands currently managed by state farms.
# Dalila Mirabella

Dalila Mirabella (born 23 December 1994) is an Italian field hockey player for the Italian national team.
She participated at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup.
# Conomitra wateleti

Conomitra wateleti is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.

## Description

(Original description in French) The small shell is elongated and fusiform. The acute spire is composed of seven slightly rounded whorls, winding regularly. They are separated by deep linear sutures, well impressed. The shell is usually shiny and smooth, showing only a few creases, and at the anterior part of the base some longitudinal very thin folds, which can only be seen with a magnifying glass. The aperture is oval, narrow, elongated and oblique. It has a sharp straight lip, thickened on the inside, broadly arched to near the anterior notch where it tucks a little into the opening. The columellar lip is very inflected at the base of the columella, almost straight from this inflection to the anterior end. A slight bead starts from the notch, goes around the columella from which it is separated, at the anterior part by a slight longitudinal depression. The pointed columella bears on the posterior half three oblique, sharp folds, the strongest behind, the others decreasing gradually.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Paleocene strata in Champagne-Ardenne, France
# Nedžad Botonjič

Nedžad Botonjič (25 August 1977 – 7 February 2005) was a Slovenian football goalkeeper. He played for NK Ljubljana when suffering a heart attack during a training session in 2005.
# Hadronyche monteithi

Hadronyche monteithi is a species of funnel-web spider in the Atracidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2010 by Australian arachnologist Michael R. Gray. The species epithet monteithi honours Dr Geoff Monteith, collector of type specimens and other spider species.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in the border ranges in the Killarney region of south-eastern Queensland.
# Romieu

Romieu or Romieux may refer to
* Benjamin Romieux (1914–1988), a Swiss journalist
* Benjamin Romieux, a sixteenth-century French poet
* a Quebec township named Romieu
* the grape more commonly known as malbec
* the commune of La Romieu in south-west France
# Ruth Achieng

Ruth Achieng is a Ugandan politician. She was appointed, but she never served as, State Minister for Fisheries in the Cabinet of Uganda on 6 June 2016, replacing Zerubabel Nyiira. Ruth Achieng served in the 9th Parliament (2011–2016) as the Kole District Woman Representative before losing in the 2016 election cycle. Her name was withdrawn at the last minute and she was not vetted by the parliamentary appointments committee, resulting in her not being sworn in on 22 June 2016.
# Equally spaced polynomial

An equally spaced polynomial (ESP) is a polynomial used in finite fields, specifically GF(2) (binary).
An s-ESP of degree sm can be written as:
    $ESP(x)=\sum _{i=0}^{m}x^{si}$ for $i=0,1,\ldots ,m$
or
    $ESP(x)=x^{sm}+x^{s(m-1)}+\cdots +x^{s}+1.$

## Properties

Over GF(2) the ESP - which then can be referred to as all one polynomial (AOP) - has many interesting properties, including:
* The Hamming weight of the ESP is m + 1.
A 1-ESP is known as an all one polynomial (AOP) and has additional properties including the above.
# Dalhousie Station (South Australia)

26°25′21″S 135°30′11″E﻿ / ﻿26.4224°S 135.5031°E﻿ / -26.4224; 135.5031﻿ (Dalhousie) Dalhousie Station, most commonly known as Dalhousie Springs Station, was a pastoral lease that once operated as a cattle station in South Australia. Dalhousie and other surrounding leases were acquired by the Australian Government in 1985 to make up Witjira National Park.
The property was situated approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Oodnadatta and 131 kilometres (81 mi) south east of Aputula. The ephemeral Finke River passes for a distance of 30 miles (48 km) through the property with several semi-permanent water holes, before petering out well short of Lake Eyre further to the south east.
The lease was initially won by Edward Meade Bagot in 1873. Bagot was a surveyor who had won the contract to construct the 500 miles (805 km) section of the Overland Telegraph from Port Augusta to the Peak.
Bagot and Smith put the 1,738-square-mile (4,501 km$^2$) property on the market in 1889. At this time the station was stocked with 5,000 head of cattle and 130 horses.
The property was acquired by the Lewis family and in 1904 was being managed by A. Ross. R. Sandford was running the property in 1924; the same year good rains fell, filling the water-holes along the Finke.
In 1908 the area of the station was estimated as being 1,500 square miles (3,885 km$^2$) along with the 20 square miles (52 km$^2$) of springs that are found on the property. In the same year massive floods caused a huge tract of land 40 miles (64 km) long and the same width including parts neighbouring Macumba Station to be submerged following heavy rains in the area. Nearby Todmorden Station recorded a fall of 6.5 inches (165 mm) in a 24-hour period.
The Dalhousie Homestead Ruins are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.
# MEAP

MEAP may refer to:
* Canon MEAP (Multifunctional Embedded Application Platform), a software development kit for multifunction printers
* Mobile enterprise application platform, a development framework for mobile devices: iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Windows Phone, Web Mobile)
* Michigan Educational Assessment Program, a standardised school test
* MEAP Nisou, a Cypriot football club
* Meap, a fictional alien from Phineas and Ferb
# Neofriseria turkmeniella

Neofriseria turkmeniella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, southern Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.
The larvae feed on Atraphaxis spinosa, Atraphaxis badghysi and Atraphaxis pyrifolia.
# Hadronyche pulvinator

Hadronyche pulvinator, also known as the Cascade funnel-web spider, is a species of funnel-web spider in the Atracidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1927 by Australian arachnologist Vernon Victor Hickman.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurred in south-east Tasmania; it is now presumed to be extinct under Tasmania's Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. It is known only from the female holotype specimen collected in 1926 from the type locality of Cascades, now a western suburb of Hobart, in the foothills of Mount Wellington.
# Erik Kimrey

Erik Kimrey (born August 1, 1979) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the head coach at Baylor School in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Prior to his appointment at Baylor, Kimrey served as the tight ends coach at the University of South Carolina, where he was a backup quarterback from 1998–2002. Prior to accepting his first collegiate coaching position at South Carolina, Kimrey was the head football coach at Hammond School from 2003 to 2020, where his teams won 12 state titles in 17 seasons.

## Early life

Kimrey grew up in Columbia, South Carolina and graduated from Dutch Fork High School in Irmo, South Carolina, where his father, Bill, was the head varsity football coach. In his senior year, Kimrey set several state records and was named the state's Offensive Player of the Year.

## Playing career

At the request of then-coach Brad Scott, Kimrey walked on to play quarterback for the South Carolina Gamecocks in 1998 and was named as a backup. After Scott was fired, Kimrey remained on the roster under Lou Holtz for the following three seasons. As a player, Kimrey is best known for coming off the bench to throw a fourth down game-clenching fade route touchdown pass to Jermale Kelly in the final minutes of the 2000 game against Mississippi State after the injury of starting quarterback Phil Petty. The touchdown pass became the central subject of the 2017 documentary about Kimrey, "Erik Kimrey: The Fade."

## Coaching career

After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics, Kimrey worked as a University of South Carolina football graduate assistant under Holtz for two years before accepting the role of head coach at Hammond School in Columbia, where he remained for 17 seasons. During his time as head coach, Hammond won 12 state titles and had an overall record of 194-20. Kimrey was the youngest and fastest high school football coach in state history to win 100 games, and the only coach in state history to win six consecutive state championships. In addition to coaching, Kimrey taught philosophy of religion and physical education.

### South Carolina

On December 27, 2020, Kimrey joined the University of South Carolina football staff as tight ends coach under head coach Shane Beamer. On February 2, 2022, Beamer announced that Kimrey had left the program. On February 3, 2022, Kimrey was announced as Head Coach of the Baylor School in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

## Personal life

Kimrey is married to his high school girlfriend, Erica. Together the couple has three children, Kaitlyn Dean, Karis, and Ty. TY played on the middle school team as a QB. He has three brothers.
# Consejo Coordinador Argentino Sindical

The Consejo Coordinador Argentino Sindical (CCAS) is a National trade union center of Argentina. It is led by Victor R. Huerta.
The CCAS is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation.
# El Ingenio District

El Ingenio District is one of five districts of the province Nasca in Peru.
# Coreli

Koreli or Coreli is the name of a Thracian tribe. They are mentioned by Livy.
# Clyde (1894 ship)

Clyde was built by Russell & Company, Port Glasgow, Scotland, for the Nourse Line, and named after the River Clyde flowing through Glasgow, and launched on 25 July 1894. The Clyde was the last sailing ship built for the Nourse Line. She was primarily used for the transportation of Indian indentured labourers to the colonies. Details of some of these voyages are as follows:
| Destination | Date of Arrival | Number of Passengers | Deaths During Voyage |
| Fiji | 1 June 1897 | 670 | n/a |
| Trinidad | 16 February 1902 | 574 | 4 |
| Suriname | 14 December 1904 | n/a | n/a |
On 9 March 1906 she ran aground at Cape Hatteras, en route from Barbados to New York. She was refloated on 9 May 1906 and taken to New York for repairs. On 31 July 1906 she was sold to M & G.R. Clover of London. She was resold a number of times to different Norwegian owners and broken up in 1924.
# Ronja Mannov Olesen

Ronja Mannov Olesen (born 5 July 1987 in Copenhagen) is a Danish actress who mainly acted in En mand kommer hjem, a Danish movie directed by Thomas Vinterberg (2007).

## Filmography

* Stykke for stykke (short) as Påklæder
* 2007 En mand kommer hjem (Un homme rentre chez lui, When a Man comes Home) as Maria
* 2000 Snedronningen (short) as Gerda
* 1997 Bryggeren (TV mini-series) as Store Theodora / Theodora
** 12. afsnit, 1884-1887 (1997) ... Theodora
** 11. afsnit, 1877-1883 (1997) ... Store Theodora (as Ronja Olesen)