OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Non-Permanent Active Militia

The Non-Permanent Active Militia (NPAM) was the military reserve force of Canada from 1855 to 1940. It was composed of several dozen infantry battalions (redesignated as regiments in 1900) and cavalry regiments. After the withdrawal of British forces from Canada during the turn of the 20th century, supporting corps were created in Canada as part of both the PAM and the NPAM.

## History

The NPAM was established in 1855 by the Militia Act passed by the Province of Canada. After Confederation in 1867, militia units of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were given three months to re-enrol in the militia of the new federation.
At the beginning of the 20th century, NPAM did not provide Canada a standing army ready for immediate action, although it did provide the country the ability to mobilize a force should the need arise. In the decade prior to the start of World War I, the nominal strength of NPAM increased from 36,000 to 55,000 soldiers.
The NPAM did not mobilize during the First World War, though large drafts of NPAM men went into the field force created in 1914 for that conflict, the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Some CEF units adopted regimental traditions from NPAM units. Following the war, the Otter Committee created a unique set of perpetuations, whereby the reorganized NPAM carried on the traditions of both the CEF and the prewar Militia in the Canadian Militia.
On the eve of World War II, NPAM had 5,272 officers, and 41,249 soldiers of all other ranks. In 1940, the NPAM was redesignated the Canadian Army (Reserve); following World War II it was re-designated the Canadian Army Reserve Force, then the Canadian Army (Militia), and finally became the reserve component of Force Mobile Command following Unification on February 1, 1968. However, the historic title "Militia" continued to be applied to the reserve component of Canada's land forces.
# Neil Shanahan

Neil Anthony Shanahan (June 28, 1979 – May 31, 1999) was an Irish racing driver. He was killed at the age of 19 in a crash on the fifth round of the British Formula Ford Championship at Oulton Park. The incident happened in a three-car collision on the approach to Clay Hill. The Formula Ford championship, which Shanahan was contesting, is one of the most important training grounds for young drivers pursuing a career in motorsport, and the vast majority of current Formula One drivers, including all the Britons currently at the top level, competed in previous versions of the category.
Shanahan began go-karting at the age of 13. By the time he was 16, he was runner-up in the Formula A1 Karting Championship of 1996. In 1997 Shanahan was the winner of the Formula Ford DHL Star of Tomorrow (winning 10 out 11 races that season), winner of the Phoenix Park Motor Races, and awarded the Dunlop Sexton Trophy for Driver of the Year. In 1998 Shanhan won the Ford of Ireland Championship, was awarded the Barney Manley Trophy for the Best Irish International Driver, alongside the Dunlop Sexton Trophy for the second year running.
In 1999, Shanahan signed for the Van Diemen Works Team in the United Kingdom to compete in the British and European Formula Ford Championship. The Van Diemen Formula Ford team was the starting point for many successful drivers - the most notable being Ayrton Senna and Eddie Irvine. That year Shanahan was also named Motorsports News "Race Ace" for his overtaking maneuvers at Brands Hatch, in the fourth round of the season.
The Neil Shanahan Memorial Trophy was commissioned by Ford UK in 1999; the porcelain trophy is awarded annually to the winner of the World Finals of the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch. The Neil Shanahan Perpetual Trophy "The Chequered Flag" was commissioned by the Shanahan family, designed and made in silver and slate, the Perpetual Trophy is awarded annually to the Irish Junior Karting Champion.
In 2019, Off The Ball produced a documentary on his life and career as part of a series The Classic.
# Club Sando FC (women)

Club Sando Football Club or Club Sando is a women's football club in Trinidad and Tobago from San Fernando. Next to the women's team the club has a men's team.

## History

The club was founded in 1990 and in 1991 the first competitive men's team was established. The women's team was founded in 2014. In 2019 the club won the WoLF championship.

### Current squad

    As of 12 July 2020
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | DF | TRI | Khadisha Debesette |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | FW | TRI | Dennecia Prince |
# Allensburg, Ohio

Allensburg is an unincorporated community in Highland County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Allensburg was platted in 1839, and named after William Allen, a politician who served as the 31st governor of Ohio. A post office called Allensburgh was established in 1843, and remained in operation until 1864.
# Markus Kramer

Markus Kramer is a brand management professional and honorary visiting professor in Strategic Brand Management at Cass Business School. He is also the author of "The Guiding Purpose Strategy: a Navigational Code for Brand Growth" and coinventor and editor of the Responsible Investment Brand Index (RIBI).

## Education and career

Kramer holds degrees from the Berkeley University of California and the University of Oxford.
Kramer started his career in architecture before pivoting into brand and marketing. His career includes executive roles at Harley-Davidson motor company and Aston Martin Lagonda. Since 2013 Kramer is managing director of Swiss and London based Brand Affairs.

## Publications

Kramer has published a book on how Purpose acts as a catalyst for growth. The book is in its second edition and presents in popular science format research on the transformational power of purpose with a focus on brand management, organizational and economic growth.
Kramer is co-inventor and editor of the annual Responsible Investment Brand Index (RIBI) assessing the asset management industry on its ability to convey commitment to responsible investing through branding principles. The index is in its third edition.
# Oberburg, Kobern

The Oberburg at Kobern, also called the Oberburg or Altenburg, is a hill castle above the municipality of Kobern-Gondorf in the county of Mayen-Koblenz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Location

The ruins of the Oberburg ("Upper Castle") stand at a height of about 200 metres above the village of Kobern on a hill ridge that points towards the Moselle. On the same ridge and about 50 metres lower, is the Niederburg ("Lower Castle").

### Description

Apart from the Late Romanesque St. Matthias' Chapel and the bergfried little other than a few remains of the enceinte have survived. The castle has a rectangular ground plan and measures about 110 by 40 metres. The ground and upper storey of the roughly 9 by 9 metre, square bergfried are vaulted. Access to the second floor is via a staircase in the wall.
The building attached to the bergfried was built in 1989.

## History

The castle was built in the early 12th century on a Celtic hillfort site. It is first recorded in 1195, when the then Burgherr made it a fiefdom of the Electorate of Trier.
St. Matthias' Chapel was built about 1220/40 by Lord Henry II of Isenburg, in order to serve as a reliquary for the head of Saint Matthias. The castle area was increased in size when the chapel was built. It used the choir of a previous structure, which was probably not finished.
The lords of Isenburg-Kobern held the castle until the mid-14th century. It was then sold to the Archbishop of Trier and fell into ruin.
In 1936, the bergfried was covered by an temporary roof to protect it from further decay. From 1989, a restaurant was built next to the bergfried on a site that had been built on before. As part of the work, the bergfried was increased in height and given a new roof.

## Visiting

The castle is open to the public all year round and may be visited free of charge. There is a restaurant in the bergfried and adjacent buildings. St. Matthias' Chapel can be visited at summer weekends. There is an ascent to the castle up a narrow footpath, the Kreuzweg, through the vineyards, from the Mühlbach valley. There is also a car par immediately below the castle.

## Protected monument

The Oberburg is a protected cultural monument.
# MJN v News Group Newspapers Ltd

MJN v News Group Newspapers [2011] EWHC 1192 was a 2011 privacy case in English law decided by the High Court of Justice, in which a Premiership footballer obtained an injunction to prevent the publication of the details of an extra-marital affair which the footballer is alleged to have had with the lingerie model Kimberley West.
# Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers

Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers: How Agriculture Really Began is a book on prehistoric agriculture and anthropology by the British science writer Colin Tudge.
The book is one of a series of long essays by respected contemporary Darwinian thinkers, which were published under the collective title Darwinism Today. The series was inspired by a course of 'Darwin Seminars' which took place at the London School of Economics−LSE in London in the late 1990s.
In Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers, Tudge offers an explanation for the beginning of the population explosion and that farming was not suddenly invented 10,000 years ago, but had existed as what he called proto-farming or hobby farming for at least 30,000 years earlier. What happened 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent was the raising of sea level at the end of the last ice age over a relatively short period of time. This forced a population who were primarily hunter-gatherers to leave a rich prey region and to move inland. The new area was less able to support these immigrants as hunter-gatherers, and they were forced to increase their labors to extend their use of farming in order to maintain their population.
Tudge explains what happened next:
    "Hunter gatherers take from their environment only what their environment happens to produce; and if they take too much, the desirable prey species collapse. [...] But the whole point of agriculture is to manipulate the environment so as to increase the amount of food that it will provide. [...] And if you increase the food supply, you can increase your own population. But then, of course, the farmers find themselves in a vicious spiral. The more they farm, the more their population rises and the more they are obliged to farm, because only by farming can they feed the extra mouths."
# Clement Breton

Clement Breton D.D. was an English priest in the 17th century.
Breton was born in Uppingham and educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, He was ordained in 1631 and held the living at Church Langton until his ejection in 1642. He was reinstated in 1660. Breton was Archdeacon of the East Riding from 1661 to 1662; and Archdeacon of Leicester from 1662 until his death in 1669.
# Alix MacDonald

Alix MacDonald is a Canadian TV producer, writer, and director who is primarily known for work in factual television. MacDonald has been nominated for and won several television awards. She is best known for her Canadian Screen Award winning show, Disasters at Sea.

## Career

MacDonald studied arts at the University of Toronto. She began her career in the early 1990s with CTV News. In the mid-1990s, she transitioned to factual television by joining Daily Planet as a producer. Since then, MacDonald has produced numerous Canadian factual television programs.

## Awards
### Television

| Title | Year | Role | Awards and nominations |
| Disasters at Sea | 2018–2020 | Producer | Canadian Screen Award for Best Factual Series Gold Telly Award for General-Television |
| Jupiter: Close Encounter | 2017 | Producer | New York Festival's Best News Documentary/Special 2017 Gold World Medal Winner |
| Mayday | 2012–2015 | Producer, writer | |
| Canada 1812: Forged in Fire | 2010 | Producer | |
| Daily Planet | 1995–2008 | Producer | Nomination: 2008 Gemini Award for Best Lifestyle/Practical Segment |
# Cathy Compton

Cathy Compton is the former head softball coach at LSU, Nicholls State and Eureka College. She had an overall record of 412–143–4 (.741).
Born in Binghamton, New York, Compton graduated from the State University of New York at Cortland, where she lettered in basketball and softball.

## Coaching career
### LSU

Compton led the LSU Tigers softball team from 1997 to 1998 after the program was revived after 16 years. Compton posted a 100–26 (.797) overall record at LSU, including a 41–12 (.774) record in SEC play. She won two SEC Western Division championships and advanced to the NCAA Regional in 1998.

### Nicholls State

Compton was also head coach of the Nicholls State Colonels softball team from 1991 to 1995. She had an overall record of 200–80–4 (.711).

### Eureka College

Compton's first head coaching job was at Eureka College from 1987 to 1990.
# Fatima Al-Zahra'a Shbair

Fatima Al-Zahra'a Shbair is a Palestinian photojournalist based in Gaza City, Palestine. She won a Prix de la Ville de Perpignan Rémi Ochlik award by Visa pour l'image in 2021 and a World Press Photo award in 2022.

## Life and work

Shbair is a self-taught photographer born in Gaza in 1997. She studied business administration at Al-Azhar University. Her work focuses on documenting the Palestinian - Israeli conflict in Gaza City. Shbair's work has been published by many international publications including The New York Times, The Guardian, Le Figaro, L'Express and Le Temps.

## Awards

* 2017 : Photo Documentary Grand Prix, National Geographic Moments
* 2021 : Prix de la Ville de Perpignan Rémi Ochlik
* 2021 : IWMF 2021 Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award
* 2021 : TIME's Top 100 Photos of 2021
* 2022 : World Press Photo, Regional winner (Asia), Singles

## Group exhibition

* National Geographic in Dubai 2017
# Ameringkogel

Ameringkogel is a mountain in the Alps located in Austria. It is the highest peak of the Styrian Prealps.

## Geography

Administratively the mountain belongs the Austrian state of Styria.
# Dahner Felsenland

The Dahner Felsenland, also referred to as the Dahn Rockland, is a landscape in the county of Südwestpfalz in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is located in the middle section of the Wasgau, which in turn forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges in France. The Dahner Felsenland has numerous rock formations within the South Palatinate Climbing Area (Klettergebiet Südpfalz).

## Geographic location

The landscape covers almost the same area as the collective municipality of the same name, which incorporates the town of Dahn and 14 villages. The Dahner Felsenland is part of the Palatine Forest Nature Park. It lies between 200 m (valleys) and 400 m (hilltops) high and is drained by the Lauter, which here in its upper reaches is called the Wieslauter, into the River Rhine.

## Tourism

The region has been opened up by a large number of waymarked walking routes. In Dahn itself is the Felsenland Youth Hostel which is part of the German Youth Hostel Association.

### Sights

In the Dahner Felsenland there are 16 medieval castles or castle ruins as well as numerous rock formations made of bunter sandstone, that are used by sport climbers. Old legends surround rocks like the Jungfernsprung or the Devil's Table (Teufelstisch) (see the Legend of the Jungfernsprung and Legend of the Devil’s Table). Amongst the castles, the Dahn castles, the Berwartstein and the Drachenfels are the best known.

### Transport

The Dahner Felsenland may be reached via the A8 motorway (from the west) and A 65 motorway (from the east), in each case using the B 10 federal highway that links the two autobahns. The B 427 (from Hinterweidenthal to Bad Bergzabern) runs right through the Dahn Valley (Dahner Tal), the originally planned section of the A 8 motorway from Pirmasens to Karlsruhe, running past Dahn, was never realised.
Running parallel to the B 427 in places is a branch of the Queich Valley Railway (Pirmasens–Landau), the Wieslauter Railway that links the villages of Hinterweidenthal in the north and Bundenthal in the south of the Dahner Felsenland. The route was re-opened in 1997 for excursions on Sundays and holidays, after regular passenger services had been terminated in 1966.
# Rotch & Tilden

Rotch & Tilden was an American architectural firm active in Boston, Massachusetts from 1880 through 1895.
The firm was founded by partners Arthur Rotch and George Thomas Tilden. Both had studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Both had worked at the architectural firm of Ware and van Brunt.
They were called "society architects” because of their families and their clientele. The firm was perhaps best known for lavish summer houses in Bar Harbor, Maine and for townhouses lining Commonwealth Avenue in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston.
According to architectural historian Harry Katz, Rotch and Tilden developed an "increasingly sophisticated blending of Georgian and Federal forms.” Two private residences in Montreal display an exhibit an eclectic blend of Jacobean and Richardsonian Romanesque styles.
For fifteen years, until Rotch's death in 1894, theirs was one of the most active architectural offices in New England.
Tilden continued to work until he retired in 1914. Notable architects who worked for the firm include Ralph Adams Cram and Harold Van Buren Magonigle.

## Selected works

* Saint Saviour's Episcopal Church and Rectory, Bar Harbor, Maine, 1877
* Bennett Building, Billerica Public Library, Billerica, Massachusetts, 1881
* Belvoir Terrace, Lenox, Massachusetts, 1884
** For Morris Ketchum Jesup, who served on the board of directors of the J.S. Morgan Bank.
* Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, Milton, Massachusetts, 1885
* Church of the Holy Spirit, Mattapan, Boston, Massachusetts, 1886
* The Tides, Bar Harbor, Maine, 1887
* Farnsworth Art Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, 1887–1889 (razed 1958)
* Cambridge Manual Training School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1889
* Whippany Farm, Frelinghuysen Arboretum, Morristown, New Jersey, 1891
* Ventfort Hall, Lenox, Massachusetts, 1891–1893
** For Sarah Morgan, sister of J. P. Morgan; the house was used as the Orphanage in the movie The Cider House Rules.
* 287 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts, 1892
** Built for Herbert M. Sears.
* Peavey Memorial Library, Eastport, Maine, 1893
* Dublin Town Hall, Dublin, New Hampshire, 1883
* Old Public Library, Exeter, New Hampshire, 1894
** Now the Exeter Historical Society.
* Sea Urchins, Bar Harbor, Maine
** Mansion for Burton Harrison and now part of the College of the Atlantic.

## Gallery

* Saint Saviour's Episcopal Church and Rectory, Bar Harbor, Maine
* Bennett Building, Billerica Public Library, Billerica, Massachusetts
* Belvoir Terrace, Lenox, Massachusetts
* Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, Milton, Massachusetts
* Church of the Holy Spirit, Mattapan, Boston, Massachusetts
* The Tides, Bar Harbor, Maine
* Farnsworth Art Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts
* Whippany Farm, Frelinghuysen Arboretum, Morristown, New Jersey
* Ventfort Hall, Lenox, Massachusetts
* 287 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts
* Peavey Memorial Library, Eastport, Maine
* Dublin Town Hall, Dublin, New Hampshire
* Old Public Library, Exeter, New Hampshire
# MJIL

MJIL may refer to:
Masters of Jurisprudence in Indian Law
* Melbourne Journal of International Law
* Minnesota Journal of International Law
# District Council of Loxton

The District Council of Loxton was a local government area in South Australia from 1910 to 1997, centring on the town of Loxton.
It was proclaimed on 12 May 1910, following the naming and settling of the town in 1907. The district included the whole of the cadastral hundreds of Murtho, Paringa, Gordon, Bookpurnong, Pyap and Moorook, as well as "that portion of county Alfred south of the hundreds of Bookpurnong and Pyap." It was divided into three wards at its inception (North, South and West), each electing three councillors. A subsequent redistribution of wards created a five-ward system (East, Central, Pyap, West and Town), with a sixth ward (Irrigation Ward) created in 1953 to represent an influx of soldier settlers to the irrigation settlement around Loxton North. This reflected the increasing importance of irrigation to the district, with farmers growing citrus, stone fruit and vines on what had formerly been agricultural land. In 1912, a permanent council chamber and library were added to the Loxton Institute building. A new council chamber was built in 1938, but in the 1970s the Institute building was converted into new council chambers. The council undertook a wide range of responsibilities: it was involved in land development for some years, operated the Loxton Hospital from 1925 to 1964 and opened a public library in 1982.
In 1923, the council covered an area of 666,880 acres, with a population of 2,811 residing in 277 dwellings, with the capital value of ratable property being £900,680. By 1936, the population had increased to 4,580, living in 900 dwellings, and a capital value of £1,657,928. This had increased to 7,100 by 1984. In 1986, it was responsible for an area of 2804 square kilometres, including the townships of Loxton, Kingston-on-Murray, Moorook, Nadda, New Residence, Pata, Pyap, Taldra, Taplan and Wunkar. In that year, the primary industries were reported as being the growing of cereals, the production of lamb, beef and pig meats and the growing of citrus, grapes and stone fruits in the irrigated areas.
The council ceased to exist on 3 May 1997, when it amalgamated with the District Council of Brown's Well and the District Council of Waikerie to form the District Council of Loxton Waikerie. The new council continued to operate out of the offices of the former District Council of Loxton.

## Chairmen and mayors of the District Council of Loxton

* Adolph Wilhelm Robert Drabsch (1910–1916)
* Francis John Petch (1926–1946)
* Charles Earl Murday Tonkin (1946–1952)
* John Leonard Wetherall (1952–1955)
* Roy Vernon Glatz (1955–1961)
* Alfred Bruce Busbridge (1961–1964)
* Otto Wilfred Kaesler (1964–1969)
* Roy Vernon Glatz (1972–1974)
* Leatrice Shirley Pfitzner (1974–1977)
# Cliff McReynolds

Cliff McReynolds is an American visionary painter from California. Active since the 1950s and popularly known from the 1970s on, his work has been seen in one man shows and group exhibits in New York City, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Minneapolis, Milwaukee, San Jose, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, Oslo, Norway, New Delhi, India, and Tokyo, Japan. Since 1976, Pomegranate Publications has produced and distributed his work worldwide on posters, prints, cards, calendars, books and as picture puzzles. He has been listed in Who's Who in American Art since 1978.
# Cleora samoana

Cleora samoana, the forest looper caterpillar, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Fiji, Niue, Samoa and Tonga.
The larvae feed on the leaves of Citrus species.

## Subspecies

* Cleora samoana samoana
* Cleora samoana fijiensis Robinson, 1975
* Cleora samoana noatau Robinson, 1975
# Allard

Allard may refer to:
* Allard (surname), people with the surname Allard
* Allard Motor Company
* Allard River, river in Quebec
* Allard, Edmonton
* Peter A. Allard School of Law, the law school of the University of British Columbia

## Given name

* Allard Anthony (1620–1685), Dutch alderman
* Allard Baird (born 1961), baseball executive
* Allard H. Gasque (1873–1938), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
* Allard K. Lowenstein (1929–1980), politician
* Allard Oosterhuis (1902–1967), Dutch resistance hero
* Allard Pierson (1831–1896), Dutch theologian
* Allard de Ridder (1887–1966), Dutch–Canadian conductor, violist, and composer
* Allard Roen (1921–2008), American businessman
* Allard van der Scheer (actor), Dutch actor