OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aïssat Idir

Aïssat Idir was an Algerian Syndicalist, founder of the General Union of Algerian Workers and martyr during the Algerian War, He was born in Mekla, more precisely Djemaa Saharidj on 11 June 1915, and died in a military hospital in Algiers on 27 July 1959.

## Biography
### Early life

Aïssat Idir was born on June 11, 1915, in Djamaâ Saharidj, in the wilaya of Tizi Ouzou, where he studied. His mother passed away when he was six years old. However, this event did not prevent him from excelling in school. Unfortunately, he had an incident on the day of the exam and therefore could not access the Bouzaréah Normal School. He went to Tunisia to live with his uncle in 1935, returning to take an exam at Ateliers industriels de l’air, an aéronautique group in 1939 in 1950/51 he was suspected to be part of the Special Organization after a factory had gone on strike.

### Politics

From 1949 to 1954 Aïssat Idir was member of an unknown Syndicalist group affiliated with the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties then he chose to support the FLN during the Algerian War. He was arrested for his Syndicalist activity but freed on 22 December 1954.
In the summer of 1955, there was a plot by the Messalistes to establish a trade union, and when Aïssat Idir became aware he discussed it with Abane Ramdane, and on behalf of the FLN, both founded the General Union of Algerian Workers on February 24th 1956 with many other workers. The Union's goal was to mobilize workers to fight against colonialism and its injustices and he proclaimed himself Secretary General for the Union. He was then arrested on 23 or 24 May 1954, along with 40 of his workers, and imprisoned in Serkadji Prison where he is suspected him of being a member of the ICFTU. During his imprisonment, he was tortured by French colonialists. However he was defended by his lawyer Henri Rolin, hired by the ICFTU. Rolin succeeded in getting him out of jail on January 13, 1959. He was then stopped by two Gendarmes, and sent back to Prison in Birtraria, however this time the ICFTU fails. and the General Union of Algerian Workers is closed by French authorities the same day he got arrested.

### Death

His family and lawyers were not given the right to visit Aissat while he was in jail for more than 2 months. Later French authorities announced that he had attempted suicide and was taken to a Military Hospital, where he was visited by one of his lawyers, in the presence of a French guard, Aïssat denied that he attempted suicide, but claimed he was tortured and that his legs were badly burned from it. He died several months later on June 16, 1959, from the burns. French colonial administration denied torturing Aïssat Idir, and claimed that he had accidentally burnt his bed, after falling asleep while smoking. He was buried in Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine Cemetery.
# Atom Shukugawa

Atom Shukugawa (夙川アトム, born December 22, 1979) is a Japanese comedian from Nishinomiya, Hyogo Prefecture. His real name is Hiroyuki Tanaka (田中 博之) and the screen name's "Shukugawa" derives from the name of a river running through Nishinomiya. As of August 2009, he belongs to the management company ASH & D corporation.
Shukugawa won the 10th place in the R-1 Grand Prix 2008 and the second place in the "Owarai geinin utaga umai ohza ketteisen special" (singing competition for comedians) in August 2009.

## Filmography
### Film

* The Lines That Define Me (2022), Takiyanagi
* Drawing Closer (2024)

### Television

* Beppin-san (2016–17), Kotarō Koyama
# Aşağıköy, Ulus

Aşağıköy is a village in the Ulus District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 268 (2021).
# Attorney General Todd

Attorney General Todd may refer to:
* James Todd (lawyer) (1786–1863), Attorney General of Pennsylvania
* Moses Hampton Todd (1845–1935), Attorney General of Pennsylvania
# Aweng Cuo

Aweng Cuo or Aweng Co (Chinese: 阿翁错; pinyin: awng cuò) or Aweng Tso (Tibetan: ཨ་ལོང་མཚོ, Wylie: aweng mtsho, THL: aweng tso) is a high-altitude alpine lake in Tibet, China.

## Location

The lake is located at 4,425 m (14,518 ft) above sea level in Ritu County, Ali Prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region. Lhasa, the regional capital is located 960 km east of the lake.
The lake covers an area of 56 square km in its entirety. It extends for a total of 10.3 km east to west and 12.1 km in the north-south direction.

## Climate

During the Holocene, the Indian monsoon had the most significant impact on Aweng Cuo. At the beginning of the Holocene epoch, when the summer insolation was at its highest point, the monsoonal impact was powerful, and the climate was warm and moist. During the middle of the Holocene (6–3 ka), the summer and winter insolation were relatively weak, and Aweng Cuo was chilly and dry. This suggests that the Indian monsoon became less powerful during this time.
# Awerial County

Awerial is a County in Lakes State, central South Sudan.
The County made headlines in December 2013 when it received over 70,000 internally displaced people fleeing fighting in nearby Bor . The town is also the seat of an Anglican Bishopric.
Awerial county is bordering Terekeka County of Central Equatoria State to the South, Bor County of Jonglei State to the East, Yirol East County to the North, Yirol West County to the North West.

## Climate of Awerial

The County made headlines in December 2013 when it received over 70,000 internally displaced people fleeing fighting in nearby Bor . The town is also the seat of an Anglican Bishopric.
Awerial county is bordering Terekeka county of Central Equatoria State to the South, Bor South County of Jonglei State to the East, Yirol East County to the North, Yirol West County to the North West.
# Atputharajah Nadarajah

Atputharajah Nadarajah (16 September 1963 - 2 November 1999), commonly known as Ramesh was a Sri Lankan Tamil journalist and politician. He was Chief Editor of Thinamurasu a Tamil weekly. He was a member of the Sri Lankan Parliament from Jaffna District as a member of the paramilitary Eelam People's Democratic Party. He criticised his own party EDDP in his newspaper Thinamurasu and supported Tamil nationalism and the LTTE and leading to dispute with his party and leader Douglas Devananda. He was shot dead along with his driver in Colombo on 2 November 1999.
# Atra

Atra or ATRA may refer to:

## Places

* Atra, Estonia
* Hatra, an ancient city in modern-day Iraq

## Other uses

* Advanced Transit Association
* All-trans retinoic acid, or tretinoin, a medication
* American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
* American Tort Reform Association
* Atra razor, produced by the Global Gillette company
# B. S. Kesavan

Bellary Shamanna Kesavan (10 May 1909 – 16 February 2000) was the first National Librarian of independent India (1947–1962). He is also known as Father of Indian National Bibliography as it was first brought out in his leadership on 15 August 1958. Later, he became the first Director of the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC) at New Delhi (1963–1969). In recognition of his great service to the nation, the Government of India honoured him with Padma Shri. He died on 16 February 2000, at the age of 91.

## Education

After graduating from the University of Mysore, he proceeded to England and obtained his master's degree in English Literature and Diploma in Library Science, both from the University of London.

## Career

He began his career as a teacher of English in the University of Mysore and served there for several years. He also worked as Assistant Secretary (Editorial) of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Curator at Central Bureau of Education. As a National Librarian, he contributed enormously to the building up of the Library, launching of Indian National Bibliography, and nurturing of the Central Reference Library as Librarian-in-Charge.
His achievements in INSDOC is also no less outstanding which include among others the starting of Indian Science Abstracts, and Associateship in Documentation and Reprography course, publication of several union catalogues of scientific serials, and Directory of Scientific Research Institutions in India.

## Positions held

He was the head of the National Library of India for two terms, from 1948 to 1963 and from 1970 to 1971. In addition, he held many posts of international and national bodies such as Vice-President of International Federation for Information and Documentation(1964–1966) (FID), President of Indian Library Association (ILA) and member of numerous committees.

## Publications

He has to his credit a number of publications, of which the prominent are History of Printing and Publishing in India in 3 volumes and The Book in India: A Compilation.

## Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management (KIIKM)

A charitable trust namely, Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management (KIIKM) has been formed in memory of him at Secunderabad.
# Ayumi Hamasaki Complete Clip Box A

Ayumi Hamasaki Complete Clip Box A, by Ayumi Hamasaki, was released on February 25, 2004.
Ayumi Hamasaki Complete Clip Box A is a DVD box set compiling all of Hamasaki Ayumi's PVs from 1998 to 2003 on three discs. It also includes various commercials advertising the release of her singles and albums.

## Track listing
### Disc 1

* Poker Face
* You
* Trust
* For My Dear...
* Depend on You
* A Song for XX (TV-CM A Song for XX version)
* A Song for XX (TV-CM Powder Snow version)
* A Song for XX (TV-CM 5 singles version)
* Whatever: Version M
* Whatever: Version J (TV-CM)
* Ayu-mi-x (TV-CM)
* Love: Destiny
* To Be
* Boys & Girls
* A (TV-CM)
* A Film for XX (TV-CM)
* Appears
* Loveppears (TV-CM New York version)
* Loveppears (TV CM 6 singles version)
* Kanariya

### Disc 2

* Fly High
* A Clips (TV-CM)
* Ayu-mi-x II (TV-CM)
* Vogue / Far Away / Seasons
* Surreal
* Duty (TV-CM Panther version)
* Duty (TV-CM 6 tracks version)
* Audience (TV-CM)
* M
* Evolution
* Never Ever (Promotional Clip)
* Ayu-mi-x III (TV-CM)
* A Best (TV-CM X7)
* Endless Sorrow
* Unite! (Promotional Clip)
* Dearest
* Dearest (Acoustic Piano Version)
* I am... (TV-CM I am... version)
* I am... (TV-CM 6 singles version)
* Connected

### Disc 3

* Ayu-mi-x 4 (TV-CM)
* Daybreak
* Free & Easy
* H (TV-CM)
* Voyage
* Rainbow (TV-CM Rainbow version)
* Rainbow (TV-CM 5 tracks version)
* Real Me
* Rainbow
* A Ballads (TV-CM X6)
* & / Ourselves
* & / Grateful Days
* & / Hanabi: Episode II
* Forgiveness
# Ayumi Hamasaki 15th Anniversary Tour: A Best Live

Ayumi Hamasaki 15th Anniversary Tour: A Best Live is Japanese pop singer Ayumi Hamasaki's 36th DVD/Blu-ray release. It was released on October 30, 2013. The tour was held to celebrate Hamasaki's 15th anniversary in the music industry, with her performing 28 shows in Japan from mid-April to late July. The tour started on April 13, 2013 at Saitama Super Arena and finished with two final shows at Yoyogi National Gymnasium on July 27 and 28, 2013.
The DVD peaked at No. 3 on the weekly Oricon DVD Chart, with the Blu-ray reaching No. 3, as well.

## Release

The DVD/Blu-ray was released in four formats, the first two being a standard 2DVD version and the Blu-ray version. The other two formats are the limited 2DVD + Live Photobook and the Blu-ray + Live Photobook version. The photobook includes 88 pages.

## Track list

Track list taken from Avex.
Disc 1
* "interlude"
* "A Song for ××"
* "Memorial Address"
* "Massive Trance Station"
* "Poker Face"
* "Fly High"
* "Honey"
* "Show Time"
* "M"
* "No Way to Say"
* "You & Me"
* "Blue Bird"
* "innervisions
* "Jewel"
* "Heaven"
* "Ever Free"
* "Wake Me Up"
* "Tell All"
* "Surreal" ～ "Evolution" ～ "Surreal"
* "Voyage"

### Encore

* "Teddy Bear"
* "Sunrise (Love Is All)"
* "Boys & Girls"
* "Who..."

### Double Encore

* "My All"
Disc 2
* Screen Videos (2 titles)

## Charts

| Release | Chart | Peak position |
| October 30, 2013 | Oricon DVD Chart (General) | 3 |
| October 30, 2013 | Oricon Blu-ray Chart (General) | 3 |
# BW Vulpeculae

BW Vulpeculae or BW Vul, is a variable star in the northern constellation of Vulpecula. It is near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye with a typical apparent visual magnitude of 6.54. Based on an annual parallax shift of 1.15 mas, the distance to BW Vul is about 2,800 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a baseline heliocentric radial velocity of around −6 km/s.
This is a B-type giant star with a stellar classification of B2 IIIv, where the 'v' suffix indicates variability in spectral features. Various authors have printed mass estimates ranging from 11 to 14 times the mass of the Sun, although Tetzlaff et al. (2011) gives a mass of just 6.8 M$_☉$. It is about 3.4 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 24 km/s. The star is typically radiating 515 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 23,014 K.
The variability of this star was announced in 1937, at the 58th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society by Canadian astronomer, Robert Methven Petrie. It is a Beta Cephei variable that ranges between magnitudes 6.44 and 6.68 over a period of 4.8 hours. For unknown reasons, the periodicity of the star has undergone sudden changes, followed by long periods of stability. BW Vul is one of the most extreme β Cephei stars in terms of variability of light and radial velocity. This is hypothesized as being due to the star's relatively high metallicity, meaning the abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium. A distinctive feature of its radial velocity cycle is a unique "standstill" feature, which is caused by a shockwave generated by infall of material from a previous cycle.
# August Sturm

August Daniel Sturm (1865–1943) was an American businessman. He was one of Indiana's leading canners and was the founder of the Central State Canning Company and the Sturm Canning Company, of which he was president.

## Early life

Sturm was born in Marion County, Indiana on January 5, 1865. His parents John (March 1, 1830 – May 7, 1895) and Elizabeth (Greenwalt) (January 15, 1835 – February 2, 1898) Sturm were German immigrants. Two of their children were born in Germany. Owing to conditions of life in Central Europe John Sturm sought better opportunities in the New World. In about 1862, the family arrived in Indianapolis. His first job in Indiana was in a brickyard. A few years later, he became a farmer. He was also a teamster in Indianapolis. They were members of the Zion Evangelical Church.
Sturm attended the common schools of Marion County; for a short time, he was also a student in the Lutheran parochial school. As a small boy, he sold papers on the streets of Indianapolis and shined shoes. At age thirteen, he began regular employment as a farmhand.
After his marriage, he rented a small farm south of the city and lived there for a year or two. From the farm he went to work as a drayman for Charles Roesener of the Central Transfer Company.
Sturm's introduction to the canning business came when he went to work for the Van Camp Packing Company. He was given many responsibilities in their plant, having charge of packing and shipping. With this experience and with his modest capital, he organized the Central State Canning Company in 1914; he also became its president.

## Central State Canning Company

In 1914, Sturm founded the Central State Canning Company was founded in Indianapolis. The Central State Canning Company had a large plant on the southside of Indianapolis, principally canning corn, peas, beans and pumpkins. These goods were distributed principally through the retail trade across the Midwest.
In 1916, The Central State Canning Company incorporated, followed with an announcement of $25,000 of preferred stock.

## Sturm Canning Company

In 1919, Sturm founded the Sturm Canning Company in Bargersville, Johnson County, Indiana.

## Personal life

August married Emma Louise Hartman at the Zion Evangelical Church in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 28, 1889. Together they had three children, Ada Ellen Sturm Webb Morgan (1891–1980), Richard John Sturm (1893–1955) and Anna Elizabeth Sturm Robinson (1895–1982).
August died March 15, 1943, while Emma died April 5, 1954. Both are buried at Round Hill Cemetery.
# Atractus tamaensis

Atractus tamaensis is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Venezuela.
# Aubrey Fielder

Aubrey Fielder (29 August 1929 – 23 August 2005) was a British cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 15 kilometre event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.
# BJW Heavyweight Championship

The BJW Heavyweight Championship was a title defended in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling. It lasted from 2001 through 2004.

## Title history

Key :
| No. | Overall reign number |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific champion |
| Days | Number of days held |
| (NLT) | Championship change took place "no later than" the date listed |
| No. | Champion | Championship change | Championship change | Championship change | Reign statistics | Reign statistics | Notes | Ref. |
| No. | Champion | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | Notes | Ref. |
| 1 | Kamikaze | March 20, 2001 | Excite 2001 | Hakata, Japan | 1 | 292 | Defeated Zandig in a tournament final to become the inaugural champion. | |
| 2 | Daikokubo Benkei | January 6, 2002 | New Year Great Series 2002 | Kawasaki, Japan | 1 | 224 | | |
| 3 | Daisuke Sekimoto | August 18, 2002 | Harder Than Hardcore II | Yokohama, Japan | 1 | 36 | | |
| 4 | Men's Teioh | September 23, 2002 | BJ Monster 2002 | Tokyo, Japan | 1 | 48 | | |
| — | Vacated | November 10, 2002 | — | — | — | — | Vacated due to unknown circumstances. | |
| 5 | Men's Teioh | March 30, 2003 | Harder Than Hardcore IV | Yokohama, Japan | 2 | 506 | Defeated Daisuke Sekimoto to win the vacant title. | |
| 6 | Gran Hamada | August 17, 2004 | Summer Night BJ Osaka Live | Osaka, Japan | 1 | 19 | | |
| 7 | Men's Teioh | September 5, 2004 | Men's World III: King Kong | Tokyo, Japan | 3 | | | |
| — | Deactivated | 2004 (NLT) | — | — | — | — | | |

## Combined reigns

| ¤ | The exact length of at least one title reign is uncertain, so the shortest possible length is used. |
| Rank | Wrestler | No. of reigns | Combined days |
| 1 | Men's Teioh | 3 | 555¤ |
| 2 | Kamikaze | 1 | 292 |
| 3 | Daikokubo Benkei | 1 | 224 |
| 4 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 1 | 36 |
| 5 | Gran Hamada | 1 | 19 |

## Footnotes

* ↑ The exact date the championship was deactivated has not been confirmed, putting their title reign at between 1 day and 117 days.
# BJU

BJU may relate to
* Beijing Jiaotong University, a Chinese university
* Bob Jones University, an American university
** BJU Press, a publisher
* Bundesverband Junger Unternehmer, a German association of entrepreneurs
* BJU International, an academic journal
* BJU, the IATA code of the Bajura Airport in Nepal
* bju, the ISO 639 code of the Busuu language of Cameroon
# BMC Veterinary Research

BMC Veterinary Research is a peer-reviewed open access veterinary science and medical journal that launched in 2005 published by BioMed Central. Part of the BMC Series of journals, it has a broad scope covering all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of medical conditions of domestic, farm and wild animals, as well as the biomedical processes that underlie their health.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed by PubMed, MEDLINE, CAS, EMBASE, Scopus, Current Contents, CABI and Web of Science. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2-year impact factor was 2.6 in 2022.
# Behind the Iron Curtain

Behind the Iron Curtain refers to being east of the Cold War European boundary known as the Iron Curtain.
Behind the Iron Curtain could also refer to:
* Behind the Iron Curtain (video), a video by Iron Maiden
* Behind the Iron Curtain (album), a live album by Nico
# Euxoa vitta

Euxoa vitta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in central and southern Europe.

## Description

The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Warren states E. vitta Esp. (7 b). Distinguished from recussa, and islandica and the forms of tritici by the broad vitta, greyish white costal streak; a local species, found only in Switzerland, Austria and Hungary.

## Biology

Adults are on wing from August to October. There is one generation per year.
# Clinopodium troodi

Clinopodium troodi, the Troödos rock thyme, is a perennial spawling herb with a woody rootstock and reddish-green 5–20 cm long hairy shoots. Leaves opposite, simple, obscurely dentate, broadly ovate, 2-7 x 2–8 mm, petiolate, thinly hairy. Flowers in congested verticillasters, corolla bifid, pink or purple, much longer than calyx, flowers June–August, fruit of 4 nutlets.

## Habitat

Rocky slopes on serpentine at 1600–1950 m altitude.

## Distribution

Endemic to Cyprus where it is confined to the highest peaks of the Troödos Mountains, mainly around Khionistra, where it is locally common.
# 1902 in chess

Below is a list of events in chess in the year 1902:

## News

* Géza Maróczy (Hungary) wins the Monte Carlo tournament, ahead of Harry Pillsbury (United States) and Dawid Janowski (France).
* March 14–15 – The United States team wins the Anglo-American cable match 5½–4½. Harry Pillsbury and Frank Marshall are in Europe to play at Monte Carlo, so they traveled to London to play their games in person.
* Janowski wins the German Open Championship, followed by Pillsbury and Henry Ernest Atkins (Great Britain).
* Karl Schlechter (Austria) defeats Janowski in match at Karlsbad by the score 7½–2½.

## Births

* Eduard Glass (died after 1980), Austrian master and 1929 Austrian co-champion with Erich Eliskases
* Ludwig Schmitt (1902–1980), German chess master
* January 16 – Róża Herman (1902–1995), Polish chess player, is born in Łódź
* February 20 – Virgilio Fenoglio (1902–1990), Argentine master, is born in Santa Fe
* March 16 – Mario Monticelli (1902–1995), Italian IM (1950) and GME (1985), is born in Venice
* June 5 – Georg Kieninger (1902–1975), German International Master (1950), is born in Munich
* July 27 – Teodors Bergs (1902–1966), Latvian master, is born in Riga
* August 5 – Rudolf Pitschak (1902–1988), Czech–German master, is born in Rumburk
* October 15 – María Teresa Mora (1902–1980), Cuban Woman International Master (1950), is born in Havana
* December 3 – Feliks Kibbermann (1902–1993), Estonian master, is born in Rakvere
* December 6 – G. H. Diggle (1902–1993), British chess player and writer, is born in Moulton, Lincolnshire, England

## Deaths

* Samuel Rosenthal, Polish-French master and chess writer, dies Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, at age 65
* June 15 – Stanislaus Sittenfeld, Polish-French master, dies in Davos, Switzerland, at age 36
* December 28 – Hieronim Czarnowski, Polish master and activist, dies at age 68
# Emanuel Walsh

Emanuel Walsh (born 1962 in St. Mary, Jamaica, West Indies) is a reggae singer and drummer from Jamaica. He worked with a number of artists and bands including Emanuel Walsh (Pablo Moses, the Mighty Diamonds, Garnett Silk and John Holt). Together with bass player Ian Knight, Walsh formed the band Black Blood. Walsh also performed at the Jamaican Song Festival, after which point he signed a five-year contract with Sony Records. He has appeared regularly on Nippon TV and his son is 2016 Rio Olympian Julian Walsh. Walsh has also been a regular performer at the Reggae Sunsplash festival.