OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eustaquio Escandón

José Eustaquio Luis Francisco Escandón y Barrón (January 25, 1862 – December 22, 1933) was a Mexican polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics with the team that won the bronze medal.
He was born in Paris, France, in to a very wealthy family who were in the wool industry, he had four sisters and three brothers, two of the brothers were Manuel and Pablo, who would compete with him at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
In 1900 he was part of the Mexican polo team which won the bronze medal. He played together with his two brothers and Guillermo Hayden Wright.
That year's polo tournament had five teams competing, most with mixed nationalities, they were the Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris, BLO Polo Club Rugby, Compiégne Polo Club, the eventual winners Foxhunters Hurlingham and the Mexican team (the only one without a team name).
Despite losing their only game against the BLO Polo Club Rugby, they were tied with the Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris, and as the rules didn't stipulate a third place playoff, they were both awarded the third place, however, their bronze medal was not recognized until time later, as back then, the winners received a silver medal instead of the actual gold and it was the second place the one that received bronze, but when current rules were established, previous results were updated and the medals were officially awarded. Archived 2015-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
Escandón was twice married first time in 1884 in Paris, and after his wife died in 1910 he remarried in 1911 in London.
# Biguaçu River

The Biguaçu River is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil.
# Big Apple Band

Big Apple Band may refer to:
* Walter Murphy, whose "A Fifth of Beethoven" was credited to Walter Murphy & The Big Apple Band
* Chic (band), which changed its name from The Big Apple Band after Murphy's single
# Exchange Building

Exchange Building may refer to:

## United States

* Exchange Building (Memphis), Tennessee
* Exchange Building (Newark, Delaware)
* Exchange Building (San Antonio), Texas
* Exchange Building (Petersburg, Virginia)
* Exchange Building (Seattle), Washington

## Elsewhere

* Exchange Building, Toowoomba, Australia
* Exchange Buildings, an alternate name for La Borsa, Valletta, Malta
* Exchange Building, Dunedin, New Zealand
* The Exchange Building, London, England
# Exiguobacterium artemiae

Exiguobacterium artemiae is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Exiguobacterium which has been isolated from the shrimp Artemia franciscana.
# Exiguobacterium enclense

Exiguobacterium enclense is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Exiguobacterium which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Chorão island.
# Evolutions Squadron

The Evolution Squadron was a naval squadron of the Brazilian Imperial Fleet composed of the best ships of its time in several characteristics. It was created in 1884 with the purpose of developing new naval tactics inspired by the Austria tactics in the Battle of Lissa where its naval force faced and defeated the much superior Italian fleet.

## History
### Origins

After the end of the Paraguayan War, Brazil was concerned with repairing the damage caused to its vessels, refitting them and transforming the Armada into the fourth most powerful navy in the world. From 1870, with the possibility of a conflict with Argentina, the Brazilian Empire aimed to further strengthen its Armada. In 1873 it acquired a gunboat and a corvette; a battleship and a monitor in 1874 and soon after two cruisers and another monitor.
In the 1880s, the navy continued its program of strengthening it, with several Brazilian arsenals building dozens of warships. Four torpedo boats were purchased, the Escola Prática de Torpedos was created for enlisted men, and a workshop for the manufacture and repair of torpedoes and electrical appliances was set up at the Arsenal of the Navy in Rio de Janeiro on November 30, 1883.
However, the apex of the Imperial Navy occurred with the incorporation of the ocean-going battleships Riachuelo and Aquidabã (both equipped with torpedo launchers) in 1884 and 1885, respectively. Obtaining these ships enabled Brazil to remain “among the naval powers of the universe”.

### Squadron

The High Command of the Imperial Navy studied the possibility of putting into practice the tactics employed by the Austrians at the Battle of Lissa in 1866. Even though they were outnumbered (seven battleships and 20 wooden ships with 532 cannons) they managed to impose a defeat on the Italian naval forces (twelve battleships and nineteen wooden ships with 641 cannons). Such tactics demonstrated the domination of the seas by the armored fleets, grouped in squadrons composed of units with a high degree of efficiency in communications and maneuver.

## Ships

From 1884 to 1886, the Esquadra de Evolções was composed of:
Battleships :
| Riachuelo (Flagship) Sete de Setembro Solimões Javary ||
| Cruisers ||
| Guanabara Almirante Barroso Trajano Primeiro de Março ||
| Torpedo class No. 1 | Torpedo Alfa class |
| No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 | Alfa Beta Gama |
# Asa Smith Bushnell

Asa Smith Bushnell may refer to:
* Asa S. Bushnell (Governor) (1834–1904), 40th Governor of Ohio
* Asa Smith Bushnell II, son of Asa S. Bushnell (Governor) and father of Asa Smith Bushnell III
* Asa Smith Bushnell III (1900–1975), secretary of the United States Olympic Committee
# Asbestosdeath

Asbestosdeath was an American doom metal band from San Jose, California, the precursor to the highly influential band Sleep.

## History

Asbestosdeath started life in the late 1980s as a trio consisting of Al Cisneros on bass, Chris Hakius on drums, and Tom Choi on guitar. Matt Pike later joined as a second guitarist. They recorded two 7"s: their first (Unclean, 1989) was self-released (Asbestos Records) and a second 7" (Dejection, 1990) was released later that year by Profane Existence. Choi left Asbestosdeath to form Noothgrush after the release of the second 7". The band recruited Justin Marler to replace Choi and changed their name to Sleep.
In 2007, Southern Lord Records reissued Asbestosdeath's two 7"s on CD and 10" vinyl. The four songs on the album comprise the entirety of Asbestosdeath's recordings.

## Band members

* Al Cisneros – bass
* Chris Hakius – drums
* Tom Choi – guitar
* Matt Pike – guitar
* Keith Krate – guitar
* Al Cisneros
* Chris Hakius
* Matt Pike

## Discography

* Unclean 7" (1989 Asbestos Records)
* Dejection 7" (1990 Profane Existence)
* Dejection/Unclean CD/10" (2007 Southern Lord Records)
# Asbestos insulating board

Asbestos insulating board (AIB), also known by the trade names Asbestolux and Turnabestos, is an asbestos-containing board formerly used in construction for its fire resistance and insulating properties. These boards were commonly used in the United Kingdom from the 1950s until production ended in 1980. AIB is 16-35% asbestos, typically a blend of amosite and chrysotile, though crocidolite was also used in early boards.
AIB is softer, more porous and less dense than asbestos cement. This, and the fact it typically contains a greater proportion of asbestos than the 10-15% of asbestos cement, makes AIB far more friable and thus at greater risk of releasing asbestos fibres if boards are damaged or removed. The inhalation of loose asbestos fibres is linked to various health conditions affecting the lungs, including asbestosis, lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma.
# Arthur Leong (judge)

Arthur Leong GBS (1936–2010) was a judge in Hong Kong. He was Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong from 2000 to 2003.

## Early life

Leong completed his secondary education at Wah Yan College, Kowloon.
He joined the Hong Kong Government in 1954 and for 9 years between 1954 and 1963, he worked successively in the then Prisons Department, the Royal Observatory and the Labour Department. In 1963, he resigned from the government to qualify as a barrister in England. He was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1965.

## Legal career

Leong started his legal career in the Legal Department and was soon promoted to Crown Counsel. During that time he was engaged for some time as a law draftsman.
In 1973 he was appointed a magistrate. He also sat for a time as Presiding Officer at the Labour Tribunal.
In 1982, he was promoted as a judge of the District Court of Hong Kong. He became a judge of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong in 1991 and was appointed to the Court of Appeal in 1997. The Supreme Court of Hong Kong was renamed the High Court of Hong Kong when Hong Kong was returned to China on 1 July 1997.
Leong was due to retire in 2000, but was appointed Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong in that year and had his term of office extended for 2 and a half years.
He retired from the judiciary in July 2003. In a retirement speech, the Chief Justice Andrew Li said of Leong:
"As a Judge, Mr Justice Leong was versatile. His important contribution covered a wide field, including both civil and criminal cases, and embraces both trial work at all levels and in recent years, appellate work. He has made a particularly significant contribution to the development of the bilingual capacity of our courts. In relation to the use of Chinese, his work has been of pivotal importance."

## Post-retiremement

Leong remained active in retirement. In 2003 he was appointed chairman of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.
He later served as Chief Adjudicator of the Immigration Tribunal and as Chairman of the Post-Release Supervision Board.
In 2006, he sat as a Deputy High Court Judge.

## Awards

In 2003, Justice Leong was awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star, one of the highest honours given by the HKSAR Government.

## Death

Leong died in August 2010.
# Evidence of Heaven

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Evidence of Heaven is the third studio album by Faith and the Muse.

## Credits

* All instruments and voices performed by William Faith and Monica Richards (except "Joy")
* All titles composed by Faith and the Muse © and p Elyrian Music, BMI, 1999 except:
    "Old Souls", Written by Paul Williams
    "Importune Me No More", Lyrics most likely written by Elizabeth I, late 16th century
    "Joy", Performed by Joy Richards from her Classical repertoire, 1959
* Recorded May – July 1999 by William Faith at Wisperthal, Los Angeles, California and produced by Faith and the Muse except
    "Denn Die Todten Reiten Schnell", Recorded Fall 1996 at The Eyesocket, Venice, California - Produced by Faith and the Muse and Chad Blinman
* Layout, Artwork and Design by Monica Richards
    Band Photo by kaRIN
* Original lyrics by Monica Richards, except "Through the Pale Door" and "Denn Die Todten" written by William Faith.
# Bill Bergson, Master Detective

Bill Bergson, Master Detective may refer to:
* Bill Bergson, Master Detective (novel), a children's novel by Astrid Lindgren
* Bill Bergson, Master Detective (film), a 1947 Swedish film
# Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue (disambiguation)

Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue is a novel.
Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue may also refer to:
* Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue (1953 film)
* Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue (1997 film)
# As Shadows Burn

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
As Shadows Burn is the 2nd studio album by the band Echoes of Eternity, released by Nuclear Blast on September 22, 2009 in the US and by Massacre Records on September 25, 2009 in Europe.

## Track listing

* "Ten of Swords" - 3:55
* "A Veiled Horizon" (Duane Cowan) - 3:34
* "Memories of Blood and Gold" - 3:46
* "The Scarlet Embrace" (Brandon Patton) - 5:18
* "Descent of a Blackened Soul" - 4:10
* "Twilight Fires" - 4:08
* "Buried Beneath a Thousand Dreams" (Brandon Patton) - 4:19
* "Letalis Deus" - 3:33
* "Funeral in the Sky" (Brandon Patton, Duane Cowan, Bryan Eagle, Kirk Carrison, Cliff Carrison/Instrumental) - 7:12
* All songs written by Francine Boucher except where noted

## Personnel

* Francine Boucher - Vocals
* Brandon Patton - Guitars
* Bryan Eagle - Guitars
* Duane Cowan - Bass
* Kirk Carrison - Drums
# Bill Casselman

William Allen Casselman (born November 27, 1941) is an American Canadian mathematician who works in representation theory and automorphic forms. He is a Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia. He is closely connected to the Langlands program and has been involved in posting all of the work of Robert Langlands on the internet.

## Career

Casselman did his undergraduate work at Harvard College where his advisor was Raoul Bott and received his Ph.D from Princeton University in 1966 where his advisor was Goro Shimura. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1974, 1983, and 2001. He emigrated to Canada in 1971 and is a Professor Emeritus in mathematics at the University of British Columbia.

## Research

Casselman specializes in representation theory, automorphic forms, geometric combinatorics, and the structure of algebraic groups. He has an interest in mathematical graphics and has been the graphics editor of the Notices of the American Mathematical Society since January, 2001.

## Awards

In 2012, he became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected publications

* Casselman, Bill (1973). "On some results of Atkin and Lehner". Mathematische Annalen. 201 (4): 301–314. doi:10.1007/BF01428197. S2CID 121867474.
* Casselman, Bill (1977). "Characters and Jacquet modules". Mathematische Annalen. 230 (2): 101–105. doi:10.1007/BF01370657. ISSN 0025-5831. S2CID 121574262.
* Casselman, Bill (1980). "The unramified principal series of p-adic groups. I. The Spherical function". Compositio Mathematica. 40 (3): 387–406.
* Casselman, Bill; Shalika, Joseph (1980). "The unramified principal series of p-adic groups. II. The Whittaker function". Compositio Mathematica. 41 (2): 207–231.
* Casselman, Bill; Milicic, Dragan (1982). "representations". Duke Mathematical Journal. 49 (4): 869–930. doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-82-04943-2. ISSN 0012-7094.
* Borel, Armand; Casselman, Bill (1983). "L2-cohomology of locally symmetric manifolds of finite volume". Duke Mathematical Journal. 50 (3): 625–647. doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-83-05029-9. S2CID 122723214.
* Casselman, Bill; Shahidi, Freydoon (1998). "On irreducibility of standard modules for generic representations". Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure. 31 (4): 561–589. doi:10.1016/S0012-9593(98)80107-9.
* Casselman, Bill (2005). Mathematical Illustrations: A Manual of Geometry and PostScript. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521839211.
# Bill Cooper (baseball)

William J. Cooper (February 19, 1915 – March 10, 1985), nicknamed "Flash", was an American Negro league catcher in the 1930s and 1940s.
A native of Sumter, South Carolina, Cooper attended Morris Brown College. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1937 with the Atlanta Black Crackers. He went on to play for the Philadelphia Stars, served in the US Army during World War II, and finished his career in 1946 with the New York Black Yankees. Cooper died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1985 at age 70.
Cooper married Imogene McAtty and had 1 daughter, Sheila Cooper. He has 3 grandchildren Zenda Clinton, William Clinton and Isaac Clinton. He also has 6 great-grandchildren (as of July 2024).
# Executioner's Bastion

The Executioner's Bastion is a bastion situated at Stará baštová Street in the historic center of Košice, Slovakia.
Its name is derived from the fact that the bastion was situated near a medieval executioner's house. It is semicircular building with eight cannon chambers erected around the year 1500, build for defense purposes. The bastion was converted in the years 1920–1930 to the needs of the East Slovak Museum.
The Memorial House of Francis II Rákóczi is a part of the Executioner's Bastion. It is a replica of his house in the Turkish exile in Tekirdağ. The exhibition in the memorial house presents relics reminding the life of the last leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising, the history of the replica of his house in Rodosto and the funeral of Rákóczi and his brothers-in-arms in Košice in 1906.
The bronze sculpture of Francis II Rákóczi was unveiled on April 3, 2006 in front of the house.
# Expedition 48

Expedition 48 was the 48th expedition to the International Space Station.
Jeffrey Williams, Aleksey Ovchinin and Oleg Skripochka transferred from Expedition 47. Expedition 48 began upon the departure of Soyuz TMA-19M in 18 June 2016 and concluded upon the departure of Soyuz TMA-20M on September 6, 2016. The crew of Soyuz MS-01 were transferred to Expedition 49.

## Crew

| Position | First Part (June 2016) | Second Part (July 2016 to September 2016) |
| Commander | Jeffrey Williams, NASA Fourth spaceflight | Jeffrey Williams, NASA Fourth spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 1 | Aleksey Ovchinin, RSA First spaceflight | Aleksey Ovchinin, RSA First spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 2 | Oleg Skripochka, RSA Second spaceflight | Oleg Skripochka, RSA Second spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 4 | | Anatoli Ivanishin, RSA Second Spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 5 | | Takuya Onishi, JAXA First Spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 6 | | Kathleen Rubins, NASA First spaceflight |

## EVA performed

| | Spacewalkers | Start (UTC) | End (UTC) | Duration |
| 1. | Jeff Williams Kate Rubins | August 19, 2016 13:04 | August 19, 2016 19:02 | 5 hours 58 minutes |
| Installation of the International Docking Adapter (IDA) on Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 and installation of cables for the next IDA ||||
| 2. | Jeff Williams Kate Rubins | September 1, 2016 11:53 | September 1, 2016 17:41 | 6 hours 48 minutes |
| The main objective of this EVA was to retract a thermal radiator on the Integrated Truss Structure segment P1. This radiator was supposed to be retracted during Expedition 45's EVA 2 (November 6, 2015) but was not completed. The radiator had been deployed on Expedition 33's EVA 1 (November 1, 2012) in an attempt to isolate a coolant leak. Additional completed tasks included installing HD video cameras on the port/outboard side of the station (one zenith, one nadir), applying additional torque to SARJ bolts, photographing the inside of the SARJ, tying back a protective blanket covering hardware which will be robotically manipulate later, and tying back Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart brake handles to keep them out of the SARJ rotation envelope. ||||
# Everything But My Pride

"Everything But My Pride" is a song by the British rock band Cutting Crew, released in 1989 as the third single from their second studio album, The Scattering.

## Reception

Billboard said that the "melodic midtempo track exudes more of a distinctive and dramatic hook than its predecessor."

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 72 |
| US Adult Contemporary (Billboard) | 4 |
# Askwith (disambiguation)

Askwith is a village and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England.
Askwith may also refer to:
* Askwith (Maine), a ghost town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States
* Tom Askwith (1911–2001), a British Olympic rower and a colonial administrator in Kenya
* Mark Askwith (born 1956), a Canadian producer, writer, interviewer
* Robin Askwith (born 1950), an English film actor
* Wilfred Askwith (1890–1962), the 2nd Bishop of Blackburn and later the Bishop of Gloucester
* William Askwith (1843–1911). Archdeacon of Taunton
* George Askwith, 1st Baron Askwith (1861–1942), an English lawyer, civil servant and industrial arbitrator
* Richard Askwith, British journalist and author
# Ascensión de la Cruz Morales

Ascensión de la Cruz Morales is a Mexican artisan from the small community of San Francisco Ocotán, Durango who specializes in making musical instruments such as violins, guitars, tolochoches(similar to a cello) and harps. His work has earned him the title of “grand master” from the Fomento Cultural Banamex.
Although his family has a tradition of making musical instruments, the artisan learned his craft in Tuxpan, Nayarit where he spent part of his life.
The instruments are made from local woods called guásina, palo blanco, willow and palo chino woods. The work requires patience as an instrument such as the tolochoche can take up to twelve days. Wood must be planed and various pieces curved around molds. The pieces are glued together and the instrument sanded and varnished.
The instruments are often played at mitotes, a type of traditional festival of the Tepehuanos.
# Bingel reaction

The Bingel reaction in fullerene chemistry is a fullerene cyclopropanation reaction to a methanofullerene first discovered by C. Bingel in 1993 with the bromo derivative of diethyl malonate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or DBU. The preferred double bonds for this reaction on the fullerene surface are the shorter bonds at the junctions of two hexagons (6-6 bonds) and the driving force is relief of steric strain.
The reaction is of importance in the field of chemistry because it allows the introduction of useful extensions to the fullerene sphere. These extensions alter their properties, for instance solubility and electrochemical behavior, and therefore widen the range of potential technical applications.

## Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism for this reaction is as follows: a base abstracts the acidic malonate proton generating a carbanion or enolate which reacts with the electron deficient fullerene double bond in a nucleophilic addition. This in turn generates a carbanion which displaces bromine in a nucleophilic aliphatic substitution in an intramolecular ring cyclopropane ring closure.

## Scope

The Bingel reaction is a popular method in fullerene chemistry. The malonate (functionalized with the halide atom) is often obtained in situ in a mixture of base and tetrabromomethane or iodine. The reaction is also known to take place with the ester groups replaced by alkyne groups in dialkynylmethanofullerenes.
An alternative to the Bingel reaction is a fullerene diazomethane reaction. N-(Diphenylmethylene)glycinate Esters in a Bingel reaction take a different conjugate course and react to a fullerene dihydropyrrole.

## Retro-Bingel reaction

Protocols exist for the removal of the methano group based on electrolytic reduction or amalgamated magnesium.