# Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres

The men's 400 metres was an event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. The competition was held between 16–18 of October. Times are listed as both hand timing and automatic timing. Hand timing was the official time used in the 1968 Olympics. Fifty-five athletes from 36 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Lee Evans of the United States, the fourth consecutive and 11th overall title in the event by an American. The Americans swept the podium, the second time a podium sweep occurred in the men's 400 metres (the United States had previously done it in 1904, when the nation had 10 of the 12 competitors).

## Background

This was the sixteenth appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. Andrzej Badeński of Poland, who had won bronze in 1964, was the only finalist from the Tokyo Games to compete again in 1968. The United States team was "dominant in this event in 1968"; Larry James held the world record at 44.1 seconds, Lee Evans was the AAU and NCAA champion, and even the third member of the team, Ron Freeman, ran well below Olympic record time at the U.S. trials.
Barbados, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Morocco, Nicaragua, and Sudan appeared in this event for the first time. The federation of Malaysia also competed for the first time, though Malaya had previously appeared. East and West Germany competed separately for the first time. The United States made its sixteenth appearance in the event, the only nation to compete in it at every Olympic Games to that point.

## Competition format

The competition retained the basic four-round format from 1920. The "fastest loser" system, introduced in 1964, was available but not used in 1968 because there was no need to balance quarterfinals as there were 8 heats in the first round. Those heats each had between 6 and 8 athletes, with the top four advancing. The 4 quarterfinals each had 8 runners; the top four athletes in each quarterfinal heat advanced to the semifinals. The semifinals featured 2 heats of 8 runners each. The top four runners in each semifinal heat advanced, making an eight-man final.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.
| World record | Larry James (USA) | 44.1 | Echo Summit, United States | 14 September 1968 |
| Olympic record | Otis Davis (USA) | 44.9 | Rome, Italy | 6 September 1960 |
Lee Evans broke the Olympic record with a 44.8 second run in the second semifinal; both Larry James and Martin Jellinghaus matched the old record in that same semifinal. All three Americans broke the new record in the final, with Evans (43.8 seconds) and James (43.9 seconds) also coming in under the world record time. Evans' auto-timed result of 43.86 seconds was not official under the rules at that point (which used hand-timed results) but was later recognized as the initial world record upon the switch to automatic timing as official in 1977.

## Schedule

The quarterfinals were held on the second day (with the semifinals) rather than the first day (with the first round heats), a change from previous years.
All times are Central Standard Time (UTC-6)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Wednesday, 16 October 1968 | 15:40 | Round 1 |
| Thursday, 17 October 1968 | 15:20 18:00 | Quarterfinals Semifinals |
| Friday, 18 October 1968 | 15:50 | Final |

## Results
### Round 1

The top four runners in each of the eight heats advanced to the quarterfinal round.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Lee Evans | United States | 45.3 | 45.40 | Q |
| 2 | Claver Kamanya | Tanzania | 45.7 | 45.74 | Q |
| 3 | Christian Nicolau | France | 45.7 | 45.77 | Q |
| 4 | Sam Bugri | Ghana | 45.8 | 45.88 | Q |
| 5 | Manfred Kinder | West Germany | 46.9 | 46.95 | |
| 6 | Ezra Burnham | Barbados | 47.9 | 47.94 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Andrzej Badeński | Poland | 45.5 | 45.52 | Q |
| 2 | Clifton Forbes | Jamaica | 45.7 | 45.75 | Q |
| 3 | Larry James | United States | 45.8 | 45.83 | Q |
| 4 | Daniel Rudisha | Kenya | 46.9 | 46.96 | Q |
| 5 | Angelo Hussein | Sudan | 47.7 | 47.80 | |
| 6 | Victor Asirvatham | Malaysia | 48.0 | 48.02 | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Amadou Gakou | Senegal | 45.3 | 45.39 | Q |
| 2 | Tegegne Bezabeh | Ethiopia | 45.5 | 45.60 | Q |
| 3 | Ron Freeman | United States | 45.6 | 45.67 | Q |
| 4 | Rodobaldo Díaz | Cuba | 46.4 | 46.48 | Q |
| 5 | Ramon Magariños | Spain | 46.9 | 46.92 | |
| 6 | Anthony Egwunyenga | Nigeria | 47.3 | 47.37 | |
| 7 | Francisco Menocal | Nicaragua | 49.1 | 49.14 | |

#### Heat 4

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Martin Jellinghaus | West Germany | 46.4 | 46.50 | Q |
| 2 | Pedro Grajales | Colombia | 46.7 | 46.73 | Q |
| 3 | Michael Zerbes | East Germany | 46.8 | 46.84 | Q |
| 4 | Ross MacKenzie | Canada | 47.0 | 47.05 | Q |
| 5 | Howard Davies | Great Britain | 47.2 | 47.30 | |
| 6 | Jacques Pennewaert | Belgium | 48.5 | 48.55 | |
| 7 | José Astacio | El Salvador | 52.9 | 52.92 | |

#### Heat 5

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Amos Omolo | Uganda | 45.8 | 45.85 | Q |
| 2 | Munyoro Nyamau | Kenya | 45.9 | 45.91 | Q |
| 3 | Jean-Claude Nallet | France | 45.9 | 45.93 | Q |
| 4 | Helmar Müller | West Germany | 45.9 | 45.98 | Q |
| 5 | José Jacinto Hidalgo | Venezuela | 46.3 | 46.32 | |
| 6 | Carlos Martínez | Cuba | 47.2 | 47.28 | |
| 7 | Tony Harper | Bermuda | 49.1 | 49.18 | |

#### Heat 6

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Jan Werner | Poland | 45.9 | 45.97 | Q |
| 2 | Martin Winbolt-Lewis | Great Britain | 46.2 | 46.27 | Q |
| 3 | Mamman Makama | Nigeria | 46.4 | 46.49 | Q |
| 4 | Sergio Bello | Italy | 46.5 | 46.54 | Q |
| 5 | Eddy Téllez | Cuba | 46.7 | 46.80 | |
| 6 | Noel Carroll | Ireland | 46.8 | 46.83 | |
| 7 | José L'Oficial | Dominican Republic | 47.9 | 47.93 | |

#### Heat 7

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Naftali Bon | Kenya | 46.2 | 46.21 | Q |
| 2 | Jan Balachowski | Poland | 46.2 | 46.23 | Q |
| 3 | Musa Dogon Yaro | Nigeria | 46.2 | 46.24 | Q |
| 4 | Gilles Bertould | France | 46.3 | 46.31 | Q |
| 5 | Don Domansky | Canada | 46.4 | 46.46 | |
| 6 | Melesio Piña | Mexico | 46.8 | 46.81 | |
| 7 | Leslie Miller | Bahamas | 46.9 | 46.99 | |
| 8 | Yoyaga Dit Coulibaly | Ivory Coast | 50.0 | 50.11 | |

#### Heat 8

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Wolfgang Müller | East Germany | 46.6 | 46.66 | Q |
| 2 | Colin Campbell | Great Britain | 46.6 | 46.66 | Q |
| 3 | Sergio Ottolina | Italy | 46.7 | 46.78 | Q |
| 4 | Juan Carlos Dyrzka | Argentina | 47.0 | 47.02 | Q |
| 5 | George Simon | Trinidad and Tobago | 47.9 | 47.95 | |
| 6 | Omar Ghizlat | Morocco | 48.2 | 48.23 | |
| 7 | Kun Min-Mu | Taiwan | 49.0 | 49.07 | |

### Quarterfinals

The top four runners in each of the four heats advanced to the semifinal round.

#### Quarterfinal 1

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Amadou Gakou | Senegal | 45.5 | 45.56 | Q |
| 2 | Larry James | United States | 45.7 | 45.77 | Q |
| 3 | Claver Kamanya | Tanzania | 46.0 | 46.03 | Q |
| 4 | Ross MacKenzie | Canada | 46.1 | 46.15 | Q |
| 5 | Musa Dogon Yaro | Nigeria | 46.1 | 46.19 | |
| 6 | Colin Campbell | Great Britain | 46.3 | 46.35 | |
| 7 | Naftali Bon | Kenya | 46.3 | 46.39 | |
| 8 | Sergio Bello | Italy | 46.8 | 46.84 | |

#### Quarterfinal 2

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Amos Omolo | Uganda | 45.3 | 45.33 | Q |
| 2 | Lee Evans | United States | 45.5 | 45.54 | Q |
| 3 | Munyoro Nyamau | Kenya | 46.1 | 46.12 | Q |
| 4 | Wolfgang Müller | East Germany | 46.2 | 46.32 | Q |
| 5 | Jan Balachowski | Poland | 46.3 | 46.33 | |
| 6 | Rodobaldo Díaz | Cuba | 46.3 | 46.38 | |
| 7 | Juan Carlos Dyrzka | Argentina | 46.8 | 46.85 | |
| — | Christian Nicolau | France | DNS | — | |

#### Quarterfinal 3

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Jan Werner | Poland | 45.6 | 45.63 | Q |
| 2 | Martin Jellinghaus | West Germany | 45.9 | 46.00 | Q |
| 3 | Tegegne Bezabeh | Ethiopia | 46.0 | 46.02 | Q |
| 4 | Sam Bugri | Ghana | 46.0 | 46.08 | Q |
| 5 | Clifton Forbes | Jamaica | 46.2 | 46.29 | |
| 6 | Daniel Rudisha | Kenya | 47.6 | 47.68 | |
| 7 | Gilles Bertould | France | 48.9 | 48.91 | |
| — | Sergio Ottolina | Italy | DNS | — | |

#### Quarterfinal 4

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Ron Freeman | United States | 45.3 | 45.31 | Q |
| 2 | Andrzej Badeński | Poland | 45.6 | 45.60 | Q |
| 3 | Helmar Müller | West Germany | 45.7 | 45.78 | Q |
| 4 | Jean-Claude Nallet | France | 45.7 | 45.80 | Q |
| 5 | Martin Winbolt-Lewis | Great Britain | 45.9 | 45.91 | |
| 6 | Michael Zerbes | East Germany | 46.1 | 46.19 | |
| 7 | Mamman Makama | Nigeria | 46.4 | 46.41 | |
| 8 | Pedro Grajales | Colombia | 46.5 | 46.53 | |

### Semifinals

Top four in each of the two heats advanced to the final round.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Amadou Gakou | Senegal | 45.1 | 45.17 | Q |
| 2 | Ron Freeman | United States | 45.4 | 45.47 | Q |
| 3 | Andrzej Badeński | Poland | 45.4 | 45.50 | Q |
| 4 | Tegegne Bezabeh | Ethiopia | 45.5 | 45.60 | Q |
| 5 | Sam Burgi | Ghana | 45.9 | 45.92 | |
| 6 | Helmar Müller | West Germany | 46.2 | 46.22 | |
| 7 | Claver Kamanya | Tanzania | 46.2 | 46.22 | |
| 8 | Wolfgang Müller | East Germany | 48.3 | 48.37 | |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| 1 | Lee Evans | United States | 44.8 | 44.83 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Larry James | United States | 44.9 | 44.88 | Q |
| 3 | Martin Jellinghaus | West Germany | 44.9 | 45.06 | Q |
| 4 | Amos Omolo | Uganda | 45.4 | 45.52 | Q |
| 5 | Jan Werner | Poland | 45.7 | 45.75 | |
| 6 | Munyoro Nyamau | Kenya | 46.3 | 46.37 | |
| 7 | Jean-Claude Nallet | France | 49.0 | 49.01 | |
| 8 | Ross MacKenzie | Canada | 49.2 | 49.28 | |

### Final

Evans nearly withdrew from the final in protest of the expulsion of his college teammates Tommie Smith and John Carlos from the Games after their Black Power salute. Smith and Carlos, however, convinced him to compete. Evans and James were the first runners to achieve times below 44 seconds in the 400 metres.
| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time (hand) | Time (auto) | Notes |
| | 6 | Lee Evans | United States | 43.8 | 43.86 | WR |
| | 2 | Larry James | United States | 43.9 | 43.97 | |
| | 1 | Ron Freeman | United States | 44.4 | 44.41 | |
| 4 | 5 | Amadou Gakou | Senegal | 45.0 | 45.01 | |
| 5 | 3 | Martin Jellinghaus | West Germany | 45.3 | 45.33 | |
| 6 | 4 | Tegegne Bezabeh | Ethiopia | 45.4 | 45.42 | |
| 7 | 7 | Andrzej Badeński | Poland | 45.4 | 45.42 | |
| 8 | 8 | Amos Omolo | Uganda | 47.6 | 47.61 | |