OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Political and Economic Planning

Political and Economic Planning (PEP) was a British policy think tank, formed in 1931 in response to Max Nicholson's article A National Plan for Britain published in February of that year in Gerald Barry's magazine The Week-End Review.

## History

The original members included Nicholson and Barry, the zoologist Julian Huxley, the agronomist Leonard Elmhirst, the financier Basil Phillott Blackett, the civil servants Dennis Routh and Sir Henry Bunbury, the research chemist Michael Zvegintzov, and Israel Sieff, a director of Marks & Spencer. Sieff was Chairman in the 1930s, followed by Elmhirst in 1939 and by Nicholson in 1953. It was a non-governmental planning organisation financed by corporations.
This prolific organisation was influential in the formation of the National Health Service, World War II and post-war planning, and the development of the African colonies. After the war it shared the offices of The Nature Conservancy in Belgrave Square, London, producing reports such as Opportunities in Industry (1957) and Advisory Committees in British Government (1960)
In 1978 PEP merged with the Centre for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP), and became the Policy Studies Institute (PSI).

## Chairmen

* 1931—1939: Israel Sieff
* 1939—1953: Leonard Elmhirst
* 1953—1978: Max Nicholson
# Robert Hyde Greg

Robert Hyde Greg (24 September 1795 – 21 February 1875), was an English industrialist, economist, antiquary, and - briefly - a Member of Parliament.
Born in Manchester, he was the son of Samuel Greg and Hannah Lightbody, the creators of Quarry Bank Mill, a pioneering factory of the early Industrial Revolution. His family were Unitarians, part of the prosperous dissenting community that characterised the entrepreneurial class of factory owners. He was brother to William Rathbone Greg and the junior Samuel Greg. He attended the University of Edinburgh and, after the obligatory Grand Tour of the antiquities of Continental Europe, joined his father's textile manufacturing enterprise.
He was active in the city's intellectual life as a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and was a founder of its Mechanics' Institute. He was an active member of the Liberal Party and the Anti-Corn Law League. Though he was elected to Parliament for Manchester in 1839, it was without his consent and he resigned in the following year. He was an opponent of factory reform, trades unions and worker health and safety legislation.
He died at Norcliffe Hall, Styal, Cheshire and is buried at the Dean Row Unitarian Chapel, Wilmslow.
Greg was also a slaveholder; tenant-in-common of Cane Garden, St Vincent Island, with 82 enslaved people.
# Reticulitermes lucifugus

Reticulitermes lucifugus is classified as a species of termite in the genus Reticulitermes. Its diet consists mainly of rotten timber and logs. It is found in the Provence region, Italy, and the Broadleaf woodlands of North America.
# Crocus olivieri

Crocus olivieri is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is from the Balkans, Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to Greece and Turkey.
The species is found growing in deciduous scrub and on open hillsides, or in pine woods from sea level to 1500 meters; flowering occurs in January till March.

## Subspecies

* Crocus olivieri subsp. olivieri – Balkan and Turkey
* Crocus olivieri subsp. balansae (J.Gay ex Baker) B. Mathew – endemic round İzmir, West-Turkey. Typically the outside of the flowers are purplish and the styles are divided into twelve branches, unlike the species which has six.
* Crocus olivieri subsp. istanbulensis B. Mathew, Istanbul, Turkey.
# Baranów, Busko County

Baranów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Busko-Zdrój and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Carabelli

Carabelli is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with this surname include:
* Adolfo Carabelli (1893-1947), Argentine piano player, composer and bandleader
* Camilo Ugo Carabelli (born 1999), Argentine tennis player
* Carmela Carabelli (1910-1978), Italian mystic and spiritual daughter of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina
* Francesco Carabelli, Italian sculptor of the 18th century
* Georg Carabelli, Edler von Lunkaszprie (1787–1842), Hungarian dentist and professor
* Gianni Carabelli (born 1979), Italian athlete
* Horacio Carabelli (born 1968), Uruguay-born Brazilian sailor and engineer
# Gun (song)

"Gun" is a song by Scottish synth-pop band Chvrches from their 2013 debut album The Bones of What You Believe. It was released as the band's third official single on 15 June 2013 via Virgin and Goodbye Records.

## Release history

"Gun" debuted on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on 27 May 2013. It was later streamed on the band's official SoundCloud page.
The song was first available on the Japan-only EP on 10 July. The single was released 15 July in the United Kingdom as a download and 12" pink vinyl. A Gun (Remixes) EP, featuring four remixes by various artists, was also released along with a promotional single on 11 July.

## Critical reception

The song received positive reviews. Amrit Singh of Stereogum described the song as "great, hook-y fodder for dusk at a summer festival side-stage, the sort of infectious, female-fronted empowerment jam that could catch you off guard while walking from one big act to another, and make you a fan." Jamie Milton of This Is Fake DIY described the song as "the sound of a band honing their craft when they could have stuck to one winning formula," noting the differences in mood and lyrics compared to the band's previous tracks "Lies" and "Recover".
Ian Cohen of Pitchfork called the song "brilliantly major-key without being cloying, extroverted without coming on too strong, synthetic but not stiff and metaphoric without being impressed with its own cleverness."
Robin Murray of Clash described the song as "compact, effortlessly catchy and stylish as hell ... as usual, though, there's a dark side with Lauren Mayberry intoning the lyrics." Robert Leedham of Drowned in Sound interpreted the lyrics as "an intention to emotionally dismember a former beau," writing: "it is far too catchy to be taken as a terror-inducing threat; its fizzing splendour will slay your ears."

## Music video

A music video for the song was released on 14 June 2013.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Chvrches

## Personnel
### Chvrches

* Lauren Mayberry – lead vocals, additional synthesizers, production
* Iain Cook – synthesizers, guitar, bass, vocals, production
* Martin Doherty – synthesizers, samplers, vocals, production

### Other personnel

* Rich Costey – mixing
* Jonny Scott – drums

## Chart positions

| Chart (2013) | Peak Position |
| Japan Hot 100 | 82 |
| UK singles chart | 55 |

## Remixes

The song was remixed by various musicians, including Venice, California-based producer Groundislava and musician Jamie Isaac. Both remixes received positive reviews. Larry Fitzmaurice of Pitchfork praised the Groundislava remix, stating that "he has taken the tune and ratcheted up the energy to maximal level, to the point where it resembles something approaching Unicorn Kid's own rave-revivalist creations."
On the Jamie Isaac remix, Michael Cragg of The Guardian stated that Jamie Isaac "strips the song back to its bare bones while is augmenting the central beat by simple handclaps, adds in his own backing vocals, tweaks everything to make it seem oddly sinister and just lets it all simmer gently."
# Eddie Castro (speedway rider)

Eddie Castro (born in Ojai, California, 24 February 1959), known as 'Fast Eddie', is a former Speedway rider who has raced regularly in the AMA National Speedway Championship, finishing fourth in 2002 (tied with Greg Hancock) and sixth in the 2010 competition.

## Career

Castro made his debut in 1980, and has since competed in several prestigious competitions, including the Jack Milne Cup and the Fair Derby, winning the latter in 2009. He also won the Spring Classic handicap in March 1999.
Castro raced in the UK with the Dream Team in 2010 and as captain of the American touring team in 2011.
# Cicadella

Cicadella is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae), subfamily Cicadellinae and tribe Cicadellini.

## Species

* Cicadella lasiocarpae Ossiannilsson, 1981
* Cicadella longivittata (O.G. Costa, 1834)
* Cicadella lunulata (O.G. Costa, 1834)
* Cicadella transversa (O.G. Costa, 1834)
* Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Green Leafhopper
# Carabias, Segovia

Carabias, formerly known as Pradales, is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 64 inhabitants.
# Emmet Swimming

Emmet Swimming (who write their name as "emmet swimming") is a rock band from Fairfax, Virginia that was formed in 1990 at George Mason University. The band's name is a misspelled reference to Emmett Till, who died after being shot and thrown into a river. "The idea of the name was basically that a 14-year-old boy should be swimming in the river, not dying in it," said singer/founder Todd Watts. "Emmet Swimming" is also the name of an early song the band wrote. The band recently sold out (1,200 tickets) their performance at the 930 Club celebrating their 30th show at the club which puts them in the top 7 of bands that have ever played there.
They are known for their extensive touring. Regularly sold-out performances at the Fairfax live-music staples Planet NOVA, TT Reynolds and Fat Tuesday's drew major record label attention culminating in a deal with Epic/Sony and the band continuously toured for over seven years, performing 200–300 shows per year. They played on the 1998 H.O.R.D.E. tour, and have also played and toured with Dave Matthews Band and Barenaked Ladies, and Charlotte NC band Galaxy Girl.
They still regularly play venues such as the 9:30 Club (including a show there in the summer of 2018 that sold out in 2 days) in Washington, DC and the Tally Ho Theater in Leesburg, VA. They have a large following of loyal fans who pack the house for their shows. The band has sold over 250,000 albums and has been nominated for 14 Washington Area Music Awards (WAMMIES).

## Band members
### Current members

* Todd Watts – vocals, guitar
* Erik Wenberg – guitar, vocals
* Scott Brotemarkle (Therm) – bass guitar
* Tamer Eid – drums

### Former members

* Jim McNabb – bass guitar
* John Alexander – guitar
* Rob Shaw – bass guitar
* Luke Michel – bass guitar
* Derrick Decker – drums

## Discography
### Studio albums

* this kid walks into a bar... (2013)
* Bathing in the New Economy (EP) (2003)
* Big Night Without You (Epic/Sony) (1998)
* Arlington to Boston (Epic/Sony) (1996)
* wake (Epic/Sony) (1995)
* wake (1994)
* dark when the snow falls (1993)

### Live albums

* Earplugs 50¢ (1999)
# Robert Hyde (MP for Abingdon)

Sir Robert Hyde (born c. 1578? – after 1638) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626.
Hyde was second son of William Hyde of South Denchworth in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and his wife Catherine daughter of George Gill of Wyddial in Hertfordshire. He was the brother of Sir George Hyde and lived at Charlton in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He was knighted on 23 July 1603 at the coronation of James I.
In 1621, Hyde was elected Member of Parliament for Abingdon. He was elected MP for Wootton Bassett in 1625 and Cricklade in 1626.
He married Joan, the daughter of Stephen Brice of Witney, Oxfordshire and the widow of Richard Ashcombe of Curbridge, Oxfordshire. They had no children. In 1638 he gave his age as 60 and said he had been confined in the Fleet Prison for debt.
A Robert Hyde (born c. 1595) matriculated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, on 9 March 1610, aged 15, and was assumed by Alumni Oxonienses to be the same person; however, the History of Parliament does not make this connection.
# Rhagoduja

Rhagoduja is a monotypic genus of rhagodid camel spiders, first described by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1933. Its single species, Rhagoduja finnegani is distributed in Iran.
# Crocus pelistericus

Crocus pelistericus is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native from eastern Albania to northern Greece.
# Homonoea boudanti

Homonoea boudanti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl in 1995. It is known from the Philippines.
# Communications in Korea

Communications in Korea may refer to:
* Communications in North Korea
* Communications in South Korea
# Gun (game)

Gun in game topics may refer to:
* Gungame (disambiguation), gunning games
* Game gun (disambiguation), guns for games
* Gun (disambiguation), for gaming topics named "Gun"
# Philip Hersby

Philip Hersby (born July 25, 1984) is a Danish retired ice hockey defenceman who lastly played for Esbjerg Ishockey Klub of the Danish Metal Ligaen. He played eleven seasons in the Danish top league AL-Bank Ligaen, as well as participated in three Ice Hockey World Championships as a member of the Denmark men's national ice hockey team.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1999–00 | Hvidovre IK | Denmark2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Hvidovre IK | Denmark2 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | Hvidovre IK | Denmark | 42 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | Hvidovre IK | Denmark | 25 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 32 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | MIF Redhawks J20 | J20 Superelit | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2003–04 | Rungsted Cobras | Denmark | 35 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 22 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004–05 | Herlev Eagles | Denmark | 34 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 12 |
| 2005–06 | Herlev Hornets | Denmark | 31 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005–06 | Stuttgart Wizards | Germany3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006–07 | Nordsjælland Cobras | Denmark | 34 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 44 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2007–08 | Totempo HVIK | Denmark | 45 | 9 | 14 | 23 | 42 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 10 |
| 2008–09 | Totempo HVIK | Denmark | 31 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009–10 | Hvidovre Ligahockey | Denmark | 34 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 79 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 |
| 2010–11 | Hvidovre Ligahockey | Denmark | 36 | 5 | 22 | 27 | 26 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 2011–12 | Tingsryds AIF | HockeyAllsvenskan | 35 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011–12 | Odense Bulldogs | Denmark | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 15 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 80 |
| 2012–13 | Malmö Redhawks | HockeyAllsvenskan | 49 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 49 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013–14 | Esbjerg Energy | Denmark | 31 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2014–15 | Hvidovre Fighters | Denmark2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Denmark totals | Denmark totals | Denmark totals | 384 | 38 | 93 | 131 | 377 | 55 | 4 | 17 | 21 | 134 |
# Cicadas in mythology

Cicada lore and mythology is rich and varied as there are about 2500 species of cicada throughout the world, many of which are undescribed and remain a mystery to science. Cicadas have been prized as a delicacy, and are famed throughout the world for their song.
The cicada is an animal replete with symbolism: recurring themes are resurrection, immortality, spiritual realization and spiritual ecstasy. For the Ancient Greeks and Romans they sang ecstatically, were sacred to Apollo and related to the dionysiac bacchae and maenads.

## Eunomos and his cithara

Egan (1994) cites several Greek sources that tell the story of Eunomos and the cicada. Eunomos, an accomplished cithara player and singer, was performing in a competition when one of the cithara strings snaps. A cicada as offering, alights on his cithara, sustaining the note of the broken string. Eunomos, thereby attributed accolade, wins the competition.

## Aristotle

Aristotle, fond of eating cicadas, described them briefly in his Historia Animalium. From this, we know that he was aware of their periodic lifecycle, their resurrection from the earth, their progression to winged form and their song. Aristotle is attributed with disseminating in Greek culture cicada symbolism of resurrection and immortality; although their liminal aspect and propensity to incite admiration pre-date Aristotle.

## Phaedrus, Plato and Socrates

In Phaedrus, a dialogue authored by Plato, the sage Socrates and his student of rhetoric Phaedrus engage in repartee in an idyllic setting on a riverbank in the shade of a tree occupied by a chorus of cicadas.
These cicadas are not simply decorative; they add a profound metaphor, transcendent musical motif and a liminal aspect to the dialogue of Socrates and Phaedrus.
It is in Phaedrus that Socrates states that some of life's greatest blessings flow from mania, specifically in the four kinds of mania: (1) prophetic; (2) poetic; (3) cathartic; and (4) erotic. It is in this context that Socrates' Myth of the Cicadas is presented. The Cicadas chirp and watch to see whether their music lulls humans to laziness or whether the humans can resist their sweet song. Cicadas were once humans who, in ancient times, allowed the first Muses to enchant them into singing and dancing for so long they stopped eating and sleeping and died without noticing. The Muses rewarded them with the gift of never needing food or sleep, and of singing from birth to death. The task of the Cicadas is to watch humans and report who honors the Muses and who does not.
In the dialogue, Socrates affirms that nymphs and local divinities or spirits of place inhabit the countryside; talks of the Muses and nature gods such as Pan; in addition he indulges in an extended exegesis of his own dæmon; waxes lyrical, connecting divine inspiration to religion, poetry, art and love; all of which are informed and set in poignant relief by the cicada chorus.
# Miyata Bosai Dam

Miyata Bosai Dam (Japanese: 宮田防災ダム) is an earthfill dam located in Ishikawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 3.2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 5 ha of land when full and can store 310 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1972 and completed in 1979.
# Robert Torrens

Robert Torrens may refer to:
* Robert Torrens (judge) (1775–1856), Irish judge
* Robert Torrens (economist) (1780–1864), Irish economist and Royal Marines officer, chair of the South Australian Colonisation Commission, cousin of the above
* Robert Torrens (British Army officer) (1780–1840), British Army officer who fought at the Battle of Waterloo
* Robert Torrens (Irish politician) (1810–1874), Irish Conservative politician
* Sir Robert Richard Torrens (1812–1884), Irish-born colonial administrator and politician in South Australia and the United Kingdom, founded Torrens Title, son of the economist
* Roy Torrens (Robert Torrens, 1948–2021), Irish cricketer
# Rezső Bálint (physician)

Rezső Bálint (October 22, 1874 – May 23, 1929) was a Hungarian neurologist and psychiatrist. He discovered Bálint's syndrome.
He was born into a German-Jewish family that had settled in Budapest. Rezso Balint’s first writings, published while he was still a medical student, were case studies examining muscular atrophy in hemiplegia. He went on to study tabes dorsalis and the treatment of epilepsy. In 1907, Dr. Balint recorded his observations of a patient who suffered from a unique constellation of neurologic symptoms including fixation of gaze, neglect of objects in his periphery, and misreaching for target objects. The patient was noted to first experience these symptoms following damage to the posterior parietal lobes. This “triple-syndrome complex” was later named “Balint’s Syndrome.”
Bálint studied medicine in Budapest, graduating in 1897. He habilitated in 1910, became extraordinary professor in 1914 and full professor in 1917. He died of thyroid cancer in 1929.

## Selected works

* Ueber das Verhalten der Patellarreflexe bei hohen Querschnittsmyelitiden, 1901
* Seelenlähmung des “Schauens”, optische Ataxie, räumliche Störung der Aufmerksamkeit, 1909 doi:10.1159/000210464
* Diaetetikai vezérfonal. Budapest, 1924
* A cukorbetegség és az inzulin. Budapest, 1927
* Ulcusproblem und Säurebasengleichgewicht. Berlin, 1927.
* Gewebsproliferation und Säurebasengleichgewicht. Pathologie und Klinik in Einzeldarstellungen. 1930.
# Mulberry Plantation (Moncks Corner, South Carolina)

Mulberry Plantation is a historic plantation property in rural Berkeley County, South Carolina. Located between Moncks Corner and Charleston, this property was developed in 1714 by Thomas Broughton, who became the Royal governor of South Carolina, and is one of the oldest plantation homes in the United States. Its rice fields, dikes and canals were well-preserved into the 20th century. The plantation house and ten surrounding acres were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.

## Description and history

Mulberry Plantation is set on the southern shore of the Cooper River, between it and Old United States Route 52. The main house is a two-story brick building, with a gambrel roof. At each corner of the main block stand engaged single-story square pavilions, topped by pyramidal roofs. The main entrance is sheltered by a gabled portico.
The plantation was probably established around 1714, but may not have been founded until 1725, and was built in what was at the time a frontier area on the site of a fortification for defense against Native American attack. This plantation was used as a defensive site during the Yamasee War (1715–17). The plantation house is a rare little-altered example of high-style early Georgian architecture in the nation.
Lawrence A. Walker of Summerville, South Carolina, bought the property in 1946 from Clarence E. Chapman of New York, and G. Everett Hoyt of Fairfield, Connecticut paid $175,000 for the house, including 1,027 acres, along with personal property in 1953. A later owner, Charles A. Atkins, was indicted in federal court over bogus tax schemes, and he transferred the house to his wife. Atkins had himself acquired the house from Fannie H. Brawley and William J. Iselin for $2,300,565. The Historic Foundation of Charleston bought the 800-acre plantation in August 1987 to prevent its possible development. The Foundation paid $2,800,000, and resold the property for $2,550,000 in August 1988 to S. Parker Gilbert, a New York City investment banker, and his wife. The Foundation expanded its pre-existing easements on the property to prevent any subdivisions of the property, protect a two-mile entry road, and preserve the interior of the house.
# Bareeda District

Bareeda District is a district in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia.
# Miyata Noboru

Miyata Noboru (宮田 登, Miyata Noboru, October 14, 1936 - February 10, 2000) was a Japanese folklorist, and a close collaborator and friend of the historian Amino Yoshihiko.

## Biography

He graduated from the department of literature at Tokyo University of Education (now University of Tsukuba) in 1960. He was appointed as an Assistant Lecturer at the Tokyo Gakugei University in 1970, and became full-time professor at the University of Tsukuba in 1980. On his official retirement he took up a professorship at Kanagawa University.

## Works

He wrote many books and articles on popular religion and the Emperor system.