OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# File copying

In digital file management, copying is a file operation that creates a new file which has the same content as an existing file. Computer operating systems include file copying methods to users; operating systems with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) often providing copy-and-paste or drag-and-drop methods of file copying. Operating systems may have specialized file-copying APIs are usually able to tell the server to perform the copying locally, without sending file contents over the network, thus greatly improving performance.

## Description

File copying is the creation of a new copy file which has the same content as an existing file.

### Shadow

There are several different technologies that use the term shadowing, but the intent of shadowing within these technologies is to provide an exact copy (or mirror of a set) of data. For shadowing to be effective, the shadow needs to exist in a separate physical location than the original data. Depending on the reasons behind the shadow operation, this location may be as close as the BIOS chip to the RAM modules, a second harddrive in the same chassis, or as far away as the other side of the globe.

## Use

All computer operating systems include file copying provisions in the user interface, like the command, "cp" in Unix and "COPY" in DOS; operating systems with a graphical user interface, or GUI, usually provide copy-and-paste or drag-and-drop methods of file copying. File manager applications, too, provide an easy way of copying files.

## Implementation

Internally, however, while some systems have specialized application programming interfaces (APIs) for copying files (like CopyFile and CopyFileEx in Windows API), others (like Unix and DOS) fall back to simply reading the contents of the old file and writing it to the new file.
This makes little difference with local files (those on the computer's hard drive), but provides an interesting situation when both the source and target files are located on a remote file server. Operating systems with specialized file copying APIs are usually able to tell the server to perform the copying locally, without sending file contents over the network, thus greatly improving performance. Those systems that have no comparable APIs, however, have to read the file contents over the network, and then send them back again, over the network. Sometimes, remote file copying is performed with a specialized command, like "NCOPY" in DOS clients for Novell NetWare. The COPY command in some versions of DR-DOS since 1992, has built-in support for this. An even more complicated situation arises when one needs to copy files between two remote servers. The simple way is to read data from one server, and then to write the data to the second server.
# Contact Theatre

Contact is an arts organisation based in Manchester, England. Established in 1972, as a center for young artists to create and learn, the theatre remains in its original building and is a part of the Arts Council England, the University of Manchester, the Manchester City Council, and the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities..

## History

Contact was founded in 1972 by Barry Sheppard (General Manager of what was then Manchester University Theatre) and Hugh Hunt (Professor of Drama), as Manchester Young People's Theatre as part of the University of Manchester.
In 1999, following a £5 million investment from Arts Council England, Contact was redesigned and opened as an arts venue for young people. It is funded by Arts Council England, the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities, Manchester City Council, and the University of Manchester, but it is independently managed.
Apart from traditional theatre, it features dance, music, poetry, spoken word, hip-hop and art. Its program includes touring work along with in-house productions, which are developed through partnerships featuring young artists.
Contact is a registered charity.

### Programs

In 2002, Contact began hosting a series named Contacting The World. This is a biannual international project allows young people from around the world to create new theatre projects, and culminates in a Festival Week in July.
Contacting The World has featured companies from Malaysia, Trinidad, Nigeria, Rwanda, Palestine, Brazil, Poland, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Jordan, Bangladesh, Syria, Iran, South Africa, New Zealand, The Philippines, Nepal, Zambia, Germany, Turkey, the UK and USA.

## Architecture

Contact's distinctive building was designed by architect Alan Short and Associates as part of the venue's 1999 redesign. Arts Council England contributed £4.5 million toward the building, with matched funding from English Partnerships and land donated by the University of Manchester. In 2022, the theatre was renovated by Sheppard Robson, to improve energy efficiency and update the grounds while preserving the original design.
It is located on Devas Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, near the university's School of Education and Department of Drama. The main 320-seat auditorium (Space 1) was refitted and an 80-seat studio (Space 2) was added in the newly built turret.

## Artistic directors

* Paul Clements (founding artistic director)
* John McGrath 1999–2008
* Baba Israel 2009–2012
* Matt Fenton 2013–2022
* Keisha Thompson 2022-2024

## Awards

* Stirling Royal Institute of British Architects Building Of The Year (1999)
* Arts Council Breakthrough Award: In Recognition of the Pioneering work achieved with Young People
* TMA Eclipse Award for Cultural Diversity
* Arts Council England Art04 Outstanding Achievement Award
* Arts Council England Art07 Rising Star
* TMA Award for Diversity 2013
* Co-operative RESPECT Inclusive Venue of the Year 2013
* Lever Prize Winner 2014
# Buda Limestone

The Buda Limestone is a geological formation in the High Plains and Trans-Pecos regions of West Texas and in southern New Mexico, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Pterosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Description

The Buda Limestone is a dense white to yellow sparry limestone with numerous calcite veins that weathers to yellowish or pinkish due to its iron content. In far western Texas, the formation overlies the Del Rio Formation and is in turn overlain by the Eagle Ford Group. The total thickness is about 100 feet (30 m). In trans-Pecos Texas, the formation rests on the Grayson Formation and is overlain by the Boquillas Formation.
In the Big Bend National Park area, the formation is divided into three informal members. The lowest is 25 feet (7.6 m) of hard microgranular grayish-white limestone that breaks with a conchoidal fracture. The middle member is about 30 feet (9.1 m) of an argillaceous or marly nodular grayish-white limestone. The upper member is up to 60 feet (18 m) of limestone similar to the lower member.

## Fossils

Foraminifera are poorly preserved, but may include Globigerina. Gastropods, a few Gryphaea oysters, and the bivalve Alectryonia carinata has also been found in the formation. Abundant bivalve fossils are found in the formation east of Big Bend National Park.
Exposures in Hays County, Texas have yielded fossil remains of Pterodactyloidea, Ornithocheiroidea and Ornithocheiridae.
Type locality for Graptocarcinus texanus Roemer, 1887(Decapoda: Brachyura).

## Economic resources

The Buda Limestone is an important petroleum reservoir that has been exploited for decades via conventional vertical drilling. It is now being exploited using techniques such as horizontal and underbalanced drilling. While the vertical wells relied on the porosity of the formation (up to 6%), the horizontal wells exploit a system of natural vertical fractures in the formation.

## History of investigation

The formation was originally named the Shoal Creek Limestone, but this name was preempted, and the formation was renamed the Buda Limestone by T.W. Vaughan in 1900. By 1935, the formation had been included in the Washita Group.
# Paradidymocentrus parterufipennis

Paradidymocentrus parterufipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956.
# Bulbophyllum ambatoavense

Bulbophyllum ambatoavense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
# Boerma

Boerma is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Addeke Hendrik Boerma (1912–1992), Dutch civil servant
* Anthonius Cornelis Boerma (1852–1908), Dutch architect
* Scott Boerma (born 1964), American composer
* Thomas Boerma (born 1981), Dutch field hockey player
# Eriostepta fulvescens

Eriostepta fulvescens is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in French Guiana, Suriname, the upper Amazon region, Brazil and Bolivia.
# Pendyal, Ranga Reddy district

Pendyal is a village and panchayat in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana State, India. It falls under Maheswaram mandal.
# Clivina pluridentata

Clivina pluridentata is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Jules Putzeys in 1877.
# Lap Engine

The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.
It is important as both an early example of a beam engine by Boulton and Watt, and also mainly as illustrating an important innovative step in their development for its ability to produce rotary motion.
The engines name comes from its use in Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory, where it was used to drive a line of 43 polishing or lapping machines, used for the production of buttons and buckles.

## Innovations

Watt did not invent the steam engine and there is no single 'Watt steam engine' as such. He developed a number of separate innovations, each of which improved the existing engines of the day, beginning with Newcomen's. The Lap Engine of 1788, also the Whitbread Engine (1785), represent survivors of the first engines to show all of Watt's major improvements in one.

### Sun and planet gear

The rotative beam engine needs a means to convert reciprocating motion of the piston and beam to rotary motion. The crankshaft was well known for centuries before Watt, mostly from its use in mining machinery powered by water wheels. However its use for a steam engine was covered by James Pickard's patent at this time. Watt was unwilling to pay a license fee to use the crank and so sought an alternative. The sun and planet gear was invented by another Scottish engineer, William Murdoch, an employee of Boulton and Watt. Watt patented it in October 1781.
The sun and planet gear is a simple epicyclic gear. The planet is attached rigidly to the end of the connecting rod, hung from the beam. As it rotates it applies a torque to the sun gear, just as for a crank, and so causes it to rotate. As the two gears also rotate relative to each other, like conventional gearwheels, this has the effect of giving the sun gear a further rotation. The sun, and the output crankshaft, thus rotates twice for every piston cycle of the engine, twice as fast as with a conventional crank. Beam engines were slow-moving and the output shafts driven by the Lap Engine were fast-moving, so this was an advantage.

### Centrifugal governor

According to the Science Museum, it was the first steam engine to be fitted with a centrifugal governor.
# Fettesgate

Fettesgate was the term given to a major scandal involving the Lothian and Borders Police force in the 1990s, from its Fettes Avenue headquarters near Fettes College in Edinburgh.
The "Fettesgate scandal", as the incident was quickly called, began in the early hours of 19 July 1992, when burglars spent three hours in the Fettes headquarters of the police force. The break-in, through an unsecured window of the Scottish Crime Squad’s ground-floor offices in the HQ building, led to several confidential documents being stolen and Animal Liberation Front slogans being sprayed on the walls.
Two journalists who reported on the incident after receiving tip-offs were arrested:
* Alan Muir, a reporter for The Sun, wrote a story based on an anonymous telephone call on the day of the incident, and was detained for six hours, and
* Ron McKay, a journalist for Scotland on Sunday found documents after another anonymous call six days later. When he wrote a story based on the documents, he was arrested at dawn, while at his girlfriend's house in Chatham, Kent. He was held overnight, and charged with reset, the crime under Scots law of receiving stolen property. The charges were dropped six months later.
The stolen documents concerned the police's use of "telephone metering"; recording the destination and duration of suspects' telephone calls, without listening in on them. Although this was regarded as legal, the controversy led to a debate about privacy and what safeguards were needed regarding information gathered in this way.
The theft of such sensitive material from what should have been such a secure place—a police headquarters—led to questions about the competence of the Lothian and Borders force to take charge of the European summit in Edinburgh later that year.
It transpired that the Animal Liberation Front had not been involved in the break-in. The chief constable later admitted that the treatment of Mr McKay was tactless and apologised to the editor of Scotland on Sunday. Nobody has been charged with the break-in.
The return of the sensitive files was allegedly the result of senior detectives reaching an immunity deal with a man close to the city’s gay criminal underworld. An internal report is believed to have been completed by the police force on the matter, but has never been released to the public.
# Contact Sport

Contact Sport is a solo album released by rapper, Keak da Sneak.

## Track listing

* "Bumpers and Rear Ends"- 3:21
* "You Doing It"- 3:43
* "Contact Sport"- 3:11
* "Do That" (featuring I-Rocc)- 3:25
* "Do Wit You Now"- 3:45
* "Gettin Money"- 3:08
* "No Can Do"- 4:00
* "Not Listening"- 3:53
* "Shake It"- 3:17
* "Played You"- 4:01
* "Aaadddimin" (featuring 12 Gauge Shotie)- 3:22
* "Super Hyphy" (Remix)- 3:44
* "Talk a Good One"- 3:05
* This 2006 hip hop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Buddleja cardanesii

Buddleja cardenasii is a species endemic only to the region of Cochabamba in Bolivia at an altitude of around 3,000 m. The species was first described and named by Standley in 1935.

## Description

Buddleja cardenasii is a dioecious shrub 3–4 m high, with branches which are subquadrangular and tomentose. The subcoriaceous leaves are elliptic, lanceolate or ovate, 10–12 cm long by 8 cm wide, with a glabrescent and rugose upper surface. The orange inflorescences are paniculate 7–25 cm long by 7–20 cm wide, comprising cymes each with 6–9 flowers; the corollas are 3–3.5 mm long.
The species is very similar to B. soratae; further research may well prove them conspecific.

## Cultivation

The shrub is not known to be in cultivation.
# Elinor Bedell State Park

Elinor Bedell State Park is a state park in Dickinson County, Iowa, United States. It is located on the east shore of East Okoboji Lake and represents one of the last remaining open spaces on the Iowa Great Lakes. The 80-acre (32 ha) park was a gift of former U.S. Congressman Berkley Bedell and his wife Elinor.

## Geography

The park preserves prairie, wetland, and oak savannah. Trees include red, white and black oak, aspens, Eastern white and Scots pine, and red and sugar maples. Nearby towns include Spirit Lake about 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of the park, and Okoboji and Arnolds Park about 5 miles (8.0 km) around the lake to the southwest.

## Facilities

A small campground has eight sites with full RV hookups, a youth group site, a playground, modern restroom and a holding tank dump station. A shelter overlooking the lake can be rented for private events. There is no beach or boat ramp within the park but several are accessible at other public facilities around the Iowa Great Lakes.

## Recreation

Elinor Bedell State Park has several miles of trails. A wildlife viewing blind is situated just off the trail for use by bird and wildlife watchers. The area's lakes support game fish such as walleye, northern pike, smallmouth bass, white bass, perch, bluegills, crappies, catfish, and bullheads.
# Bulbophyllum amoenum

Bulbophyllum amoenum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
# Austria at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

Austria competed at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics from August 10 to August 18 in Moscow, Russia. A team of 2 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time/Mark | Rank | Time/Mark | Rank |
| Andreas Vojta | 1500 metres | 3:41.51 | 28 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Gerhard Mayer | Discus throw | 59.85 | 18 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Emlak Konut Mimar Sinan Anatolian High School

Emlak Konut Mimar Sinan Anatolian High School (Turkish: Emlak Konut Mimar Sinan Anadolu Lisesi, or EKMAL in short), is an Anatolian High School in Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
# Emotional Remains

Emotional Remains is the eighth studio album by Richard Marx which was released digitally on October 31, 2008, on Marx's website. Emotional Remains was released simultaneously with Sundown and was re-released exclusively through Amazon.com on September 22, 2009, with two new tracks.

## Track listing

* "From the Inside" (Marx) - 4:35
* "Better or Worse" (Marx) - 4:48
* "Part of Me" (Marx, Matt Scannell) - 4:14
* "Through My Veins" (Marx) - 4:42
* "Save Me" (Marx) - 3:49
* "Come Running" (Marx, Fee Waybill) - 4:18
* "Flame in Your Fire" (Marx, Randall Wallace) - 4:09
* "When November Falls" (Marx, Scannell) - 4:32
* "Take You Back" (Marx, Graham Colton) - 3:42
* "Over My Head" (Marx) - 3:55
* "Done to Me" (Marx) - 3:47
Bonus tracks
* "Never Take Me Dancing" (Marx) - 5:14
* "Should've Known Better" 2009 (Marx) - 4:26

## Personnel

* Greg Bissonette – drums
* Steve Brewster – drums
* Tom Bukovac – guitars
* Cliff Colnot – string arrangements
* J.T. Corenflos – guitars
* Bruce Gaitsch – guitars
* Jennifer Hanson – backing vocals
* Mark Hill – bass guitar
* Sean Hurley – bass guitar
* Michael Landau – guitars
* Teddy Landau – bass guitar
* Kenny Loggins – producer, guitars, backing vocals
* Kevin Marks – guitars
* Brandon Marx – backing vocals
* Richard Marx – producer, arrangements, lead and backing vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, keyboards, synth bass, clavinet
* Chip Matthews – guitars
* Jerry McPherson – guitars
* Nate Morton – drums
* Matt Pierson – bass guitar
* Matt Scannell – producer, guitars, backing vocals
* Gary Smith – keyboards
* Michael Thompson – guitars
* Matt Walker – drums
* Jason Webb – keyboards
* Glenn Worf – bass guitar

### Production

* David Cole – engineer
* Chip Matthews – engineer
* Mat Prock – engineer
* Jamie Sickora – engineer
* Mark Valentine – engineer

## Miscellaneous

* This is Marx's first studio album to not feature him on the album cover, Marx took the photo himself
* This is Marx's first studio album to not have released a single
* Son Brandon Marx makes an appearance on the track "Save Me"
* There is no personal dedication listed on this album
* The track "Take You Back" was previously released on Graham Colton's 2007 album Here Right Now
* "Never Take Me Dancing" is a remake of "You Never Take Me Dancing" from Marx's 1997 Flesh And Bone album
* "Should've Known Better 2009" is a remake of "Should've Known Better" from Marx's 1987 Richard Marx album
# Poinsett

Poinsett most often refers to Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779-1851), American physician and diplomat, namegiver for many of the other meanings.
Poinsett may also refer to:

## Places
### In the United States
#### Arkansas

* Poinsett County, Arkansas, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett
** East Poinsett County School District
*** East Poinsett County High School
** Lake Poinsett State Park
** Poinsett Community Club
** Poinsett County Courthouse
** Poinsett Lumber and Manufacturing Company Manager's House

#### Delaware

* Poinsett House, a home in Kenton, Delaware, that is listed in the National Register of Historic Places

#### Florida

* Lake Poinsett (Florida)

#### South Carolina

* Poinsett Bridge, a bridge near Columbia, South Carolina, and the oldest bridge in South Carolina
* Poinsett Hotel, a hotel in Greenville, South Carolina, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett
* Poinsett State Park, a state park located in Sumter County, South Carolina, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett

#### South Dakota

* Lake Poinsett (South Dakota), named for Joel Roberts Poinsett
* Lake Poinsett (CDP), South Dakota

### Outside the United States

* Cape Poinsett, the northern extremity of Budd Coast, Antarctica, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett

## Ships

* USS Poinsett (1840), a sidewheel gunboat, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett
* USS Poinsett (AK-205), launched 22 May 1944, named for Poinsett County, Arkansas

## Other

* Poinsettia, a plant species native to Mexico, also known as Christmas Flower, named for Joel Roberts Poinsett
# Poinsenot

Poinsenot (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Politics of Yueyang

The Politics of Yueyang in Hunan province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Mayor of Yueyang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Yueyang or Yueyang Municipal Government. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the Mayor has less power than the Communist Party of Yueyang Municipal Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "CPC Party Chief of Yueyang" or "Communist Party Secretary of Yueyang".

## History

On May 26, 2014, Yang Baohua was put under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) for "serious violations of laws and regulations".
On April 21, 2020, the current Party chief Liu Hesheng was put under investigation for alleged "serious violations of discipline and laws" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.

## List of mayors of Yueyang

| No. | English name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 1 | Chen Bangzhu | 陈邦柱 | August 1983 | September 1984 | |
| 2 | Tan Zhaohua | 谭照华 | February 1986 | August 1990 | |
| 3 | Ouyang Song | 欧阳松 | August 1990 | September 1994 | |
| 4 | Huang Jiaxi | 黄甲喜 | September 1994 | December 1997 | |
| 5 | Zhou Changgong | 周昌贡 | December 1997 | January 2000 | |
| 6 | Luo Bisheng | 罗碧升 | January 2000 | March 2000 | Acting |
| 7 | Luo Bisheng | 罗碧升 | March 2000 | September 2006 | |
| 8 | Huang Lanxiang | 黄兰香 | September 2006 | January 2007 | Acting |
| 9 | Huang Lanxiang | 黄兰香 | January 2007 | December 2011 | |
| 10 | Sheng Ronghua | 盛荣华 | December 2011 | January 2012 | Acting |
| 11 | Sheng Ronghua | 盛荣华 | January 2012 | June 2015 | |
| 12 | Liu Hesheng | 刘和生 | July 2015 | February 2018 | |
| 13 | Li Aiwu | 李爱武 | February 2018 | | |

## List of CPC Party secretaries of Yueyang

| No. | English name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Zhan Shunchu | 詹顺初 | August 1983 | February 1986 |
| 2 | Chu Bo | 储波 | February 1986 | March 1991 |
| 3 | Xie Peiqing | 谢培清 | March 1991 | October 1993 |
| 4 | Luo Guiqiu | 罗桂求 | October 1993 | April 1995 |
| 5 | Yang Baohua | 阳宝华 | April 1995 | February 1998 |
| 6 | Zhang Changping | 张昌平 | February 1998 | January 2000 |
| 7 | Yu Laishan | 于来山 | January 2000 | April 2004 |
| 8 | Yi Lianhong | 易炼红 | May 2004 | December 2011 |
| 9 | Huang Lanxiang | 黄兰香 | December 2011 | March 2013 |
| 10 | Qing Jianwei | 卿渐伟 | March 2013 | December 2016 |
| 11 | Hu Zhongxiong | 胡忠雄 | December 2016 | January 2018 |
| 12 | Liu Hesheng | 刘和生 | February 2018 | December 2019 |
| 13 | Wang Yi'ou | 王一鸥 | December 2019 | |