OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encephalartos natalensis

Encephalartos natalensis, the Natal cycad or giant cycad, is a species of cycad that is endemic to the Qumbu and Tabankulu areas of the northern part of the Eastern Cape, and through most of KwaZulu-Natal. The number of mature individuals of this species is declining and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "near threatened".

## Description

The Natal cycad grows to a height of 6 m (20 ft) or more. It may have a single trunk or may be branched from the base. The trunk is topped by a rosette of large, evergreen, pinnate leaves somewhat twisted near the tip, which may be 3 m (10 ft) long. The leaflets are dark green and about 6 cm (2.4 in) wide; they may be untoothed, or they may have one or more small prickles on either edge. The longest leaflets are in the centre of the leaf, and the leaflets nearest the leaf base may be replaced by spines, a fact that distinguishes this cycad from the otherwise similar Encephalartos altensteinii. The Natal cycad is dioecious, having male and female cones on separate plants. The male cones are velvety and about 45 by 11 cm (18 by 4 in) in size. Pollen is produced from April to June. The two or three female cones are slightly woolly, yellowish-green and cylindrical, 55 by 25 cm (22 by 10 in) in size, the scales being covered with small knobs. The cones split open when ripe revealing the bright red seeds which are about 5 cm (2.0 in) long.
* Cones
* leaves
* Single Trunk
* Multiple trunks
* Seeds

## Distribution and habitat

This cycad is endemic to South Africa. It occurs in the Qumbu and Tabankulu areas of the Eastern Cape Province, and in a large part of KwaZulu-Natal, including the catchment areas of the Mkuze River and the Umfolozi River. It is found at altitudes of up to 1,200 m (4,000 ft), but seldom close to the coast. It grows on rocky outcrops, south-facing cliffs or steep scarp slopes in forests. An easy place to see this species is in the gorge below the Howick Falls, where its palm-like fronds contrast with the surrounding broad-leaved trees. Another location is the Valley of a Thousand Hills, where a group of the trees has been declared a "national monument".

## Ecology

The larvae of the leopard magpie moth feed on the leaves of this and several other cycads. Monkeys, baboons, bats and trumpeter hornbills feed on the fruits, but discard the seeds, which are poisonous, thereby distributing the seed.

## Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed this species as being "near threatened". The threats it faces include removal of the plants by collectors, and damage to the plant caused by bark being removed for use in herbal medicine. Populations of this cycad are thought to be declining and it is estimated that there are around 10,000 mature individuals.
# Robert Garfias

Robert Garfias (b. 1932 in San Francisco) is an American ethnomusicologist and musicologist. He is a professor of Anthropology and a member of The Social Dynamics and Complexity Group at the University of California, Irvine as well as a professor at the Japanese National Museum of Ethnology in Senri, Osaka.
During the 1950s Garfias performed for several years in the Sausalito ensemble of Harry Partch, appearing on two LPs (Plectra & Percussion Dances, 1953; and Oedipus, 1954). In 1955 he produced an 11-part radio series about the music of Japan for the KPFA radio station, and from 1962 to 1968 he served as the first music director for KRAB, a noncommercial listener-supported station in Seattle, WA, producing several hundred programs for a series called "Ethnic Music with Robert Garfias" between 1963 and 1982 He completed his doctorate at University of California, Los Angeles and taught at the University of Washington where he established the graduate program in ethnomusicology before coming to University of California, Irvine. He has conducted research on the analysis of complex music systems, including Japanese court music, the Turkish Ottoman Classical Music system, and many other musical traditions in which he is fluent as a musical performer, linguist, and archivist. He has also written on The Role of Dreams and Spirit Possession in the Mbira Dza Vadzimu Music of the Shona People of Zimbabwe. Complexity in the domain of expressive culture, music, and the social organization of complex musical traditions is one of his major specialties.
He has been actively engaged in the area of public policy and the arts as a presidentially appointed member of the National Council on the Arts and as a member of the Council of the Smithsonian Institution as well as with numerous state and local arts agencies. In these areas his primary concern is with ethnicity and cultural diversity.
In 2005 the Government of Japan awarded him the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, which represents the third highest of eight classes associated with this award. He was cited for his contributions to promoting traditional Japanese culture and cultural exchanges between Japan and the United States.
# Rewind (The Clarks album)

Rewind is the tenth studio album by Pittsburgh-native band the Clarks. The album, released June 9, 2015, came less than one year after the band's previous studio release, Feathers & Bones. Like its predecessor, Rewind was produced partially by crowdfunding on PledgeMusic. However, unlike any of the band's previous efforts, the album contains only covers of other bands' songs. The bands covered on the album heavily influenced the Clarks when they were founded at Indiana University of Pennsylvania in 1986, and many of the songs were played live during their initial years as a cover band.

## Track listing

* "Like Wow – Wipeout!" (Hoodoo Gurus) (Faulkner)
* "I Want You Bad" (The Long Ryders) (Adams, Crandon)
* "A Million Miles Away" (The Plimsouls) (Alkes, Case, Fradkin)
* "By the Way" (The Rave-Ups) (Podrasky)
* "I Will Dare" (The Replacements) (Westerberg)
* "Begin the Begin" (R.E.M.) (Berry, Buck, Mills, Stipe)
* "Mybabyshe'sallright" (Scruffy The Cat) (Chesterman)
* "Blood and Roses" (The Smithereens) (DiNizio)
* "White Lies" (Jason & the Scorchers) (Baggs, Napier)
* "Paint It Black" (The Rolling Stones) (Jagger, Richards)
* "Long White Cadillac" (Dwight Yoakam) (Alvin)

## Personnel

* Scott Blasey - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
* Rob James - 6- and 12-string electric guitars, acoustic guitar, harmonica, organ, vocals
* Greg Joseph - bass
* Dave Minarik - drums, vocals
* Noah Minarik - electric guitar ("I Will Dare")
# Mungo Murray (writer)

Mungo Murray (died 19 October 1770) was a British writer on shipbuilding.

## Biography

Murray published in 1754 a 'Treatise on Shipbuilding and Navigation,' 4to. On the title-page he describes himself as 'Shipwright in his Majesty's yard, Deptford;' and in an advertisement it is stated that in the evenings, from six to eight, except Wednesdays and Saturdays, he taught 'the several branches of mathematics treated of in the book,' and sold mathematical instruments. In May 1758 he was appointed to the Magnanime, with Lord Howe, in the rating of midshipman, but in reality, it would seem, as a teacher of mathematics and navigation ; and on 9 January 1760 he received a warrant as schoolmaster. In June 1762 he was turned over, with Howe, to the Princess Amelia, which was paid oft at the peace (Pay-book of Magnanime and Princess Amelia). During his service in the Magnanime, which embraced the date of the battle of Quiberon Bay, he published 'The Rudiments of Navigation . . . compiled for the use of the Young Gentlemen on board the Magnanime,' 1760, 8vo (there was a copy in the library of the Royal Society). In 1764 he wrote a short note on an eclipse of the sun, which was printed in the 'Philosophical Transactions' (liv. 171). In 1765 he issued a new and enlarged edition of his 'Treatise on Shipbuilding,' and at some later date 'Four Prints (with references and explanations), exhibiting the different Views of a Sixty-gun Ship.' The prints, but not the explanations, were in the British Museum. These last were in the library of the Royal United Service Institution. He describes himself on the title-page as then carpenter of the Weymouth. He also published 'Forty Plates of Elevations, Sections, and Plans of different Vessels.' The copy in the British Museum wants the title-page. He died 19 October 1770. When in the Magnanime his wages were paid to Christian Murray, presumably his wife.
# Luciano Giancarlo

Luciano Giancarlo (13 April 1972, Morristown, New Jersey – 16 July 2007) was an American film and television actor of Italian descent.
Born as Luciano Giancarlo Guizzardi and raised in Bologna, Italy, Giancarlo appeared in such TV shows and films as Gypsy Rose, What I Like About You, Gilmore Girls, Will & Grace, Out of Practice and Arrested Development. He also did voice work for the video game Medal of Honor: Vanguard.
He died of pneumonia and cancer at age 35.
# Mohamed Daoud Chehem

Mohamed Daoud Chehem is a senior civil servant, noted opposition leader and former presidential candidate for the Azuria Development Party (PDD) in Djibouti. Chehem is a member of the Afar ethnic group, and was part of the Afar rebel Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) opposition movement. In 1991, in a wave of mass arrests in the midst of a civil war between FRUD and Hassan Gouled Aptidon's oppressive regime, Chehem was imprisoned and tortured. Amnesty International, in a statement, said that prisoners like Chehem "may in fact be prisoners of conscience, imprisoned because of their opposition to the government rather than because there is any evidence that they participated in anti-government violence."^ In 1997 it was widely reported that Chehem along with five other FRUD members, was abducted from Ethiopia and given over to agents of Hassan Gouled Aptidon's regime. Chehem was again subjected to torture and the political prisoners' plight became the subject of campaigns by Amnesty International and other human rights groups.^ In addition, United Nations Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Nigel S. Rodley sent an urgent request for their release to Aptidon's government.^
During the April 2005 elections in Djibouti, only the country's third multiparty presidential election, Chehem became a prominent opposition candidate. But he eventually dropped out of the campaign in March, citing lack of funds and harassment by the government.^ Ismail Omar Guelleh, the current president has served since 1999 and his regime has been decried for its authoritarian nature and human rights violations. Chehem was the last of the opposition candidates to drop out, leaving Guellah to run unopposed and win 100% of the vote. Chehem and other opposition leaders have since accused Guellah of attempting to return Djibouti to one-party rule.
# List of U.S. state soils

This is a list of U.S. state soils. A state soil is a soil that has special significance to a particular state. Each state in the United States has selected a state soil, twenty of which have been legislatively established. These official state soils share the same level of distinction as official state flowers and birds. Also, representative soils have been selected for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

## Table

| State federal district or territory | State soil | Image | Year adopted as official state symbol (if any) |
| Alabama | Bama | | 1997 |
| Alaska | Tanana | | |
| Arizona | Casa Grande | | |
| Arkansas | Stuttgart | | 1997 |
| California | San Joaquin | | 1997 |
| Colorado | Seitz | | |
| Connecticut | Windsor | | proposed |
| Delaware | Greenwich | | 2000 |
| Florida | Myakka | | 1989 |
| Georgia | Tifton | | |
| Hawaii | Hilo | | |
| Idaho | Threebear | | |
| Illinois | Drummer | | 2001 |
| Indiana | Miami | | |
| Iowa | Tama | | |
| Kansas | Harney | | 1990 |
| Kentucky | Crider | | 1990 |
| Louisiana | Ruston | | |
| Maine | Chesuncook (soil) | | 1999 |
| Maryland | Sassafras | | |
| Massachusetts | Paxton | | 1990 |
| Michigan | Kalkaska | | 1990 |
| Minnesota | Lester | | 2012 |
| Mississippi | Natchez | | 2003 |
| Missouri | Menfro | | |
| Montana | Scobey | Scobey Soil profile | 2015 |
| Nebraska | Holdrege (soil) | | 1979 |
| Nevada | Orovada | | 2001 |
| New Hampshire | Marlow | |
| New Jersey | Downer | | |
| New Mexico | Penistaja | | |
| New York | Honeoye | | |
| North Carolina | Cecil | | |
| North Dakota | Williams | | |
| Ohio | Miamian | | |
| Oklahoma | Port Silt Loam | | 1987 |
| Oregon | Jory | | 2011 |
| Pennsylvania | Hazleton (soil) | | |
| Puerto Rico | Bayamon | | |
| Rhode Island | Narragansett | | |
| South Carolina | Bohicket | | |
| South Dakota | Houdek | | 1990 |
| Tennessee | Dickson | | |
| Texas | Houston Black | | |
| Utah | Mivida | | |
| Vermont | Tunbridge | | 1985 |
| Virgin Islands | Victory | | |
| Virginia | Pamunkey | | |
| Washington | Tokul | | proposed |
| West Virginia | Monongahela | | 1997 |
| Wisconsin | Antigo | | 1983 |
| Wyoming | Forkwood | | |
# Edson Lobato

Edson Lobato, a Brazilian soil fertility scientist, was awarded the 2006 World Food Prize for his role in helping transform the Cerrado into productive cropland. Adding to the contributions of fellow 2006 World Food Prize Laureates, Dr. A. Colin McClung of the United States, and Alysson Paolinelli of Brazil, Lobato helped make agricultural development possible in the Cerrado, a region named from Portuguese words meaning “closed, inaccessible land.”
# David Pirri

David Almazán Abril (born 12 February 1974), known as David Pirri or simply Pirri, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder, and a manager who currently manages Bayamón FC in the Liga Puerto Rico.
He amassed Segunda División totals of 202 matches and 11 goals over nine seasons, representing mainly Barcelona B. He added 97 scoreless appearances in La Liga, with Mérida, Numancia and Zaragoza.
In 2008, Pirri started working as a manager.

## Playing career

Born in Sabadell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Pirri joined FC Barcelona's youth setup in 1988, aged 14. After a brief stint at the C-team he was promoted to the reserves in Segunda División, and made his professional debut with the latter on 6 February 1993, coming on as a second half substitute in a 6–1 home routing of Palamós CF.
Pirri scored his first league goal on 16 October 1994, netting the first in a 2–1 away win against CD Leganés. In the 1995 summer he signed for La Liga club CP Mérida, and made his debut in the competition on 24 September 1995 by playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1 loss at SD Compostela.
In August 1999, after alternating between the first two major levels, Pirri joined Deportivo de La Coruña, being immediately loaned to UD Las Palmas. He appeared sparingly due to a serious knee injury, as his team returned to the top level after a 12-year absence.
In the 2000 off-season, Pirri moved on loan to CD Numancia in the top flight, appearing regularly but being relegated. In the following year, still owned by Deportivo, he signed with Sporting de Gijón.
In July 2002, Pirri agreed to a two-year contract with second division side Real Zaragoza. He left in 2005 after appearing in only two matches during the campaign, and joined Albacete Balompié.
In August 2006, after a failed trial at Gimnàstic de Tarragona, Pirri moved to Mérida UD from Segunda División B. He signed with fellow league team CE Sabadell FC the following year, and retired with the club in 2008 aged 33.

## Coaching career

After his retirement, Pirri was appointed manager of his last club Sabadell's youth setup. On 27 November 2009, after Ramón Moya's dismissal at the helm of the first team, he was named his successor.
In May 2014, Pirri was named coach of Terrassa FC.

## Personal life

Pirri's son Daniel is also a professional footballer currently playing for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern.

## Honours

Mérida
* Segunda División: 1996–97
Las Palmas
* Segunda División: 1999–2000
Zaragoza
* Copa del Rey: 2003–04
# Caribbean Peace Force

The Caribbean Peace Force (CPF), also known as the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Eastern Caribbean Peace Force (ECPF), was a 350-member peacekeeping force operating in Grenada from October 1983 to June 1985 after the Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury. The military intervention by the United States of America in coalition with six Caribbean nations was in response to the illegal deposition and execution of Grenadan Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on Oct. 19, 1983. Bishop's revolutionary regime was briefly replaced by a military junta composed entirely of Grenadian military officers. On October 25, 1983, the United States, Barbados, Jamaica and members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States landed on Grenada, defeated Grenadian and Cuban resistance and overthrew the military government of Hudson Austin.
The U.S-led invasion was spearheaded at dawn by Army Rangers, Navy SEALs, Marines and other elite units. The first Caribbean forces arrived on Grenada by U.S. Air Force C-130 aircraft from Barbados about five hours later. The vanguard force, led by Brigadier Rudyard Lewis of Barbados, landed on a Ranger-seized runway without any defined military role being assigned to them by the Pentagon. An ad hoc plan was developed for them to guard Cuban and Grenadan prisoners who were being captured in mounting numbers by U.S. combat troops, Later, the Caribbean troops took over police duties in St. George's, the island's capital, and guard duties at Richmond Hill Prison. The peacekeeper force was mostly composed of 150 soldiers from the Jamaica Defence Force and a 50-man rifle platoon from the Barbados Defence Force. Antigua and Barbuda also contributed an infantry squad. The remaining members were police or paramilitary constabulary from Barbados, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and St. Kitts and Nevis. These five Eastern Caribbean island nations were then participants in a Regional Security System.
The Caribbean peacekeepers were not involved in combat, which officially ended on Nov. 2, 1983. U.S. combat troops left the island on Dec. 12, 1983. The peacekeeping force remained on Grenada until the spring of 1985 to allow the reconstituted domestic police force to be fully trained and equipped.
# Robert Bennett

Robert or Bob Bennett may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Music

* Robert Russell Bennett (1894–1981), American composer
* Bobby Bennett (The Famous Flames) (1938–2013), member of James Brown's singing group The Famous Flames
* Bob Bennett, drummer for The Sonics
* Bob Bennett (singer-songwriter) (born 1955), Christian music vocalist and acoustic guitarist
* Bobby Bennett, Jr. (born 1986), contestant on season 5 of American Idol

### Writing

* Robert Bennett (theologian) (died 1687), English author
* Robert Jackson Bennett (born 1984), American author

## Politics

* Robert Bennett (Melbourne mayor) (1822–1891), mayor of Melbourne, 1861–1862
* Robert Frederick Bennett (1927–2000), Governor of Kansas, 1975–1979
* Bob Bennett (politician) (1933–2016), U.S. Senator from Utah, 1993–2011
* Robert T. Bennett (1939–2014), chairman of the Ohio Republican Party

## Sports

* Robert Bennett (athlete) (1919–1974), 1948 Olympic bronze medalist in hammer throw
* Bob Bennett (swimmer) (born 1943), 1960 and 1964 Olympic bronze medalist in swimming
* Bob Bennett (baseball) (1933–2020), American college baseball coach
* Robert Bennett (cricketer) (1831–1875), English cricketer
* Bob Bennett (rugby league), Australian player and coach
* Bob Bennett (cricketer) (born 1940), former English cricketer

## Others

* Robert A. Bennett (born 1941), American business journalist
* Robert R. Bennett (born 1958), American businessman
* Robert L. Bennett (1912–2002), Native American lawyer and official with the Bureau of Indian Affairs
* Robert S. Bennett (1939–2023), President Bill Clinton's attorney
* Robert W. Bennett (born 1941), American legal scholar and former dean of Northwestern University School of Law
* Bob Bennett (bishop) (born 1949), Anglican bishop in Canada
* Robert David Bennett (1875–1932), Australian criminal and sex offender
* Robert Bennett (geographer) (born 1948), British geographer
# Charles William Wallace

Charles William Wallace (February 6, 1865 – August 7, 1932) was an American scholar and researcher, famed for his discoveries in the field of English Renaissance theatre.
Wallace was born in Hopkins, Missouri to Thomas Dickay Wallace and Olive McEwen. Intending to be a teacher, he graduated from Western Normal College, Shenandoah, Iowa, and taught briefly in country schoolhouses before becoming a professor of Latin and English at his alma mater. He also founded and directed a preparatory school for the state university in Nebraska. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Nebraska, and a doctorate from the University of Freiburg im Breisgau. He was an instructor at the University of Nebraska in 1901, and appointed professor of English Dramatic Literature at that institution in 1910. He married Hulda Alfreda Berggren in 1893.
From 1907 through 1916, he and his wife conducted an intensive survey at the Public Record Office in London. The Wallaces discovered the court record papers of the dispute between Alleyn and the owners of The Theatre, an account of which he published as The First London Theatre: Materials for a History. They also discovered Shakespeare's 1612 deposition in the Bellott v. Mountjoy lawsuit, and records of the suits Keysar v. Burbage (1610), Ostler v. Heminges (1615), and Witter v. Heminges and Condell (1619), among a range of other documents, yielding important new knowledge in the study of Jacobean drama. The Wallaces' work provided a vastly improved comprehension of the role of the children's companies in English Renaissance drama.
Wallace's dedication to his research took an unusual, perhaps unique form: in order to finance further work, he became a wildcatter in the oil industry in 1918. He made successful discoveries in that arena too, and planned to use his new wealth to publish a lavish collection of original records in Elizabethan and Jacobean studies; but his death from cancer in 1932 prevented the realization of his plan.
Wallace's most important publications are his books, The Children of the Chapel at Blackfriars, 1597–1603 (1908), The Evolution of the English Drama Up to Shakespeare (1912), and The First London Theatre: Materials for a History (1913).
# Luis Padilla

Luis Padilla may refer to:
* Luis Padilla Nervo (1894-1985), Mexican politician and diplomat
* Luis Padilla (footballer, born 1961), Mexican football manager and former midfielder
* Luis Padilla (footballer, born 1985), Mexican football centre-back