OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lower St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Lower St. Clair Township was a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The township was created by a division of St. Clair Township into Lower St. Clair and Upper St. Clair townships. St. Clair Township was named after Arthur St. Clair, an American Revolutionary War general and president of the Continental Congress.
Lower St. Clair Township originally included the area from Chartiers Creek to Streets Run—including the present-day South Side and other southern neighborhoods of the City of Pittsburgh—and other areas of the South Hills. Lower St. Clair Township was subdivided many times and is no longer in existence. The last remnant of the township, absorbed into the City of Pittsburgh in 1920, is the current St. Clair neighborhood of Pittsburgh.
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# Richter's hernia

A Richter's hernia occurs when the antimesenteric wall of the intestine protrudes through a defect in the abdominal wall. This is distinct from other types of abdominal hernias in that only one intestinal wall protrudes through the defect, such that the lumen of the intestine is incompletely contained in the defect, while the rest remains in the peritoneal cavity. If such a herniation becomes necrotic and is subsequently reduced during hernia repair, perforation and peritonitis may result. A Richter's hernia can result in strangulation and necrosis in the absence of intestinal obstruction. It is a relatively rare but dangerous type of hernia.
Richter's hernia have also been noted in laparoscopic port-sites, usually when the fascia is not closed for ports larger than 10mm. A high index of suspicion is required in the post operative period as this sinister problem can closely mimic more benign complications like port-site haematomas.
Treatment is resection and anastomosis. Mortality increases with delay in surgical intervention.
# David Kissane

Professor David William Kissane, AC (born 1951) is an Australian psychiatrist specialising in psychiatric oncology and palliative care. Since 2018, he has been the inaugural Chair in Palliative Medicine Research at the University of Notre Dame Australia. He has also held professorships at the University of Melbourne (Foundation Professor and Director of Palliative Medicine, 1996–2003), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City (Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and inaugural Jimmie C. Holland Chair in Psychiatric Oncology, 2003–2012; concurrently Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Medical College of Cornell University), and Monash University (Head, Department of Psychiatry, 2012–2019). In 2008, he received the Arthur M. Sutherland Award of the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS). On 26 January 2018 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia. Professor Kissane has been described as an "opponent of euthanasia legislation who co-authored a landmark report with Dr Nitschke into the deaths that occurred under the NT's euthanasia laws".
In May 2020, he was awarded a AU$1.06 million grant for a research project on improving the care of palliative care patients with mental illness or emotional distress.
# David Attenborough's Rise of Animals: Triumph of the Vertebrates

Triumph of the Vertebrates is a 2013 British documentary film by David Attenborough. It is about the evolution of vertebrates. The first part is From the Seas to the Skies, while the second is Dawn of the Mammals. The film uses a circular timetree of life generated by scientists S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, from their TimeTree database, as a temporal framework for the production. The timetree was created using animated computer-generated imagery in scenes every 10 minutes during the 2-hour movie. The circular timetree was published by Hedges and Kumar in 2009 and Hedges was consulted during the production of the film.

## Summary
### Part 1: From the Seas to the Skies

David Attenborough embarks on an epic 500-million-year journey to unravel the incredible rise of vertebrates. The evolution of animals with backbones is one of the greatest stories in natural history. To tell this story, David presents explosive new fossil evidence from China, a region he has long dreamt of exploring and the frontier of modern paleontological research.
This episode goes through how the vertebrates evolved and came onto land. It details the origins of the vertebrates, which lie in the primitive fish that once swam in ancient seas. Remarkable advances allowed them to make the radical move onto land, and then take to the skies with the advent of flight. Brand new discoveries of fossils - ancient and living - combined with stunning CGI enable David to chart their unexpected journey out of the water to populate all corners of the globe.

#### Animals

    Myllokunmingia
    unidentified Radiodontid
    Lampreys
    Skates
    Parayunnanolepis
    Coelacanth
    Tiktaalik
    Chinese giant salamander
    Dinosaurs
    Sinosauropteryx
    Anchiornis

### Part 2: Dawn of the Mammals

David Attenborough embarks on an epic 500-million-year journey to unravel the incredible rise of the vertebrates. The evolution of animals with backbones is one of the greatest stories in natural history. To tell this story, David presents explosive new fossil evidence from China, a region he has long dreamt of exploring and the frontier of modern paleontological research. He reveals how vertebrates came to be the dominant form of animal life, and why humans are the heirs to a magnificent evolutionary heritage.
This episode reveals how mammals developed from tiny nocturnal forest dwellers to the dominant form of life on the planet following the death of the dinosaurs. David explains how the meteoric rise of mammals led to an astounding diversity of life and laid the foundations for the ascent of man.
# Adam Cahan

Adam Cahan (born December 30, 1971) is an American consumer technology executive who was Senior Vice President of Mobile and Emerging Products for Yahoo!, where he oversaw the company's global mobile effort. In this role, he was responsible for leading product, engineering and design for Yahoo’s mobile products, Flickr and Smart TV.
Cahan joined Yahoo in April 2011 through the acquisition of his start-up IntoNow, a patented consumer application, which he sold to Yahoo for between $20 million and $30 million. When Marissa Mayer became CEO of Yahoo in 2012, she appointed Cahan to lead the company’s mobile initiatives, and he grew the division from 50 employees to over 900. From less than $11 Million in revenue to $1.8 Billion Since the company's mobile unit went live in October 2012, Yahoo has refreshed its Flickr and Mail apps, introduced News Digest, and bought nearly 40 companies. As of June 2014, Yahoo Mobile had 430 million monthly users.
In 2017, Cahan left Yahoo as the company was acquired by Verizon.
Prior to building IntoNow, Cahan's first start-up company was Auditude, a video infrastructure and ad serving company, which was later acquired by Adobe in 2011.
Cahan began his career as an associate producer and wildlife filmmaker for National Geographic Television, based in Zaire, Africa, from 1993 to 1996. He later became an executive vice president of strategy and business operations at MTV Networks, and held leadership roles at Google, McKinsey & Company and NBCUniversal. He holds two technology patents.

## Background and personal life

A New York native, Cahan holds an undergraduate degree from Brown University and an MBA from Columbia Business School with Beta Gamma Sigma Honors. His father, Dr. Amos Cahan, was a hematologist and the owner of Knickerbocker Biologicals, a medical diagnostics company that became part of Pfizer.
He married Samantha Kluge, the daughter of billionaire telecommunications executive John Werner Kluge, on April 20, 1997. The marriage was annulled less than a year later. He married Alice Larkin, a British fashion designer, in 2002 and they had two daughters. They divorced in 2014. On June 25, 2015, he welcomed daughter Alaska with Russian-American model Anne Vyalitsyna.
Cahan lives in San Francisco. Cahan was a member of the Supervisory Board of ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG from June 2014 until the completion of the SE conversion in July 2015. Since completion of the conversion, he has been a member of the Supervisory Board of ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE. His current term of office will regularly end with the conclusion of the Annual Shareholders' Meeting in 2019.
# Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī

Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī (1364 in Bursa, Ottoman Empire – 1436 in Samarqand, Timurid Empire), whose actual name was Salah al-Din Musa Pasha (qāḍī zāda means "son of the judge", al-rūmī "the Roman" indicating he came from Asia Minor, which was once Roman), was a Turkish astronomer and mathematician who worked at the observatory in Samarkand. He computed sin 1° to an accuracy of 10$^{−12}$.
Together with Ulugh Beg, al-Kāshī and a few other astronomers, Qāḍī Zāda produced the Zij-i-Sultani, the first comprehensive stellar catalogue since the Maragheh observatory's Zij-i Ilkhani two centuries earlier. The Zij-i Sultani contained the positions of 992 stars.

## His works

* Sharh al-Mulakhkhas (Commentary on Jaghmini's compendium on the science of Astronomy)
* Sharh Ashkal al-Ta'sis (Commentary on Samarkandi's Arithmetics)
# Bigelowiella

Bigelowiella is a genus of chlorarachniophyte algae, containing a secondary plastid within a reduced cytoplasmic compartment that contains a vestigial nucleomorph.

## Genomes

The Bigelowiella natans nuclear genome was the first to be sequenced from a rhizarian protist, containing 94.7 Mbp encoding 21,708 genes.
# Akçapınar, Osmaneli

Akçapınar is a village in the Osmaneli District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 243 (2021).
# Curri Valenzuela

María Encarnación Valenzuela Conthe (born 1945), better known as Curry or Curri Valenzuela, is a Spanish journalist and writer.

## Biography

After graduating from the Official School of Journalism [es], Curri Valenzuela began her career working for the EFE news agency, first in New York and Washington between 1967 and 1973, and later in London for three more years.
During the Transition she was editor-in-chief of Cambio 16, and between 1982 and 1986 she was with EFE, in both cases in the National section.
Between 1986 and 1992, Valenzuela was political editor of the magazine Tiempo. Beginning in 1996 she was administrative director of Radio Televisión Española, nominated by the Popular Party, and more specifically its president José María Aznar. She has contributed independently to several media outlets.
From 2004 to 2010 she directed and presented Telemadrid's talk show Alto y Claro. In September 2010 she was signed by La 10 [es] from the Vocento group to host a national television talk show, which was broadcast for less than a year.
In 2009, FHM chose Valenzuela as the sexiest and most serious journalist on Spanish television.
Since September 2011 she has written for the talk show Con el mundo a cuestas, which is directed and presented by journalist Carlos Cuesta [es] on channel Veo7 [es]. She has also written for the Telemadrid program El Círculo, which is directed and presented by Ely del Valle [es].
Since July 2012 she has directed and presented the political and economic analysis program La Tertulia de Curri on 13 TV [es].
Since September 2013 she has contributed to the talk show Los Desayunos de TVE on La 1, and the radio program Las mañanas de RNE [es], directed and presented by Alfredo Menéndez [es].
Since September 2014 she has also been a panelist on the program Amigas y conocidas [es], which is presented by journalist Inés Ballester on La 1.
She was married to journalist Juan Roldán [es].

## Works

Curri Valenzuela has written four books to date.
* 100 personajes que hunden España (2007)
* Sola (2008)
* Los culpables de la crisis (2009)
* Yo no me quiero jubilar (2012)
# Heterotachy

Heterotachy refers to variations in lineage-specific evolutionary rates over time. In the field of molecular evolution, the principle of heterotachy states that the substitution rate of sites in a gene can change through time. It has been proposed that the positions that show switches in substitution rate over time (that is, heterotachous sites) are good indicators of functional divergence. However, it appears that heterotachy is a much more general process, since most variable sites of homologous proteins with no evidence of functional shift are heterotachous.
The covarion hypothesis is a specific form of heterotachy. Some studies have proposed functional divergence models that are also heterotachous. Additionally, some mixture models that do not explicitly account for rate-shift, but site-partitions evolving at different relative substitution rates across lineages are mathematically heterotachous.
Failure to take heterotachy into account in phylogenetic reconstructions may lead to incorrect phylogenetic trees. Thus Zhong et al. (2011) say that heterotachy is one of the reasons for variability in reconstructions of the origin of gnetophytes.
# Richter, Kansas

Richter is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Kansas, United States.

## History

A post office was opened in Richter in 1890, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1907.
# Chromodoris kuiteri

Chromodoris kuiteri is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species is known only from northern New South Wales, Queensland and possibly northwestern Western Australia.

## Description

Chromodoris kuiteri has the same basic pattern as many other Chromodoris species, a white background on the mantle with three longitudinal black stripes. However in this species the black stripes are so wide that they reduce the white to thin lines. Even the narrow space between the outer white line and the broad orange margin is filled with black. The rhinophores and gills are bright orange.
# Christopher Hussey (died 1686)

Captain Christopher Hussey (1599–1686) was an English colonial official and initial settler in New England.

## Career and family

Christopher Hussey was born in Dorking, Surrey, England, in 1599 to John and Mary Hussey (née Wood). By 1633, Hussey had settled in New Hampshire with his wife Theodate (née Bachiler), daughter of Stephen Bachiler, and his mother where he purchased land.
Hussey was one of the original founders of Nantucket, Massachusetts, becoming a landowner there by the 1660s. Hussey became a lieutenant in 1653 and a captain in 1664. In 1679, he was an Officer of the Crown having been commissioned by King Charles II of England to "govern the Royal Province of New Hampshire". He was the first person in Hampton, Rockingham County, to swear allegiance to King Charles II. He died in 1686.
Christopher Hussey's father was reportedly descended from John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford, by first wife Margaret Blount. Lord Hussey was beheaded by King Henry VIII in 1537 for treason. The New England Historic Genealogical Society, however, say that his descent from noble houses "seems highly unlikely".
Christopher Hussey's direct descendant is Thomas Markle, father of Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.
# Adrian Stokes

Adrian Stokes may refer to:
* Adrian Stokes (courtier) (1519–1586), English MP for Leicestershire
* Adrian Scott Stokes (1854–1935), British painter
* Adrian Stokes (critic) (1902–1972), British art critic
* Adrian V. Stokes (1945–2020), Internet pioneer
# R. S. McLaughlin Collegiate and Vocational Institute

R.S. McLaughlin Collegiate and Vocational Institute—also known as, MCVI— is a secondary school located in Oshawa, Ontario within the Durham District School Board.

## Academics

Named after Robert Samuel McLaughlin, the school offers a variety of classes including science, math, art, English, music, French, history, geography, and more. The school also offers French immersion classes for students who graduated from a French immersion school in grade eight.

## Incidents

On January 3, 2012, during the 2011/2012 Winter Holidays, the school had a fire inside the gymnasium. The damage was 'just over $1 million'. This caused the school's original plans to have the 50th anniversary in May, to be pushed back several months, but classes still resumed on January 9. On February 23, 2012, the school had another fire in one of the boys' washrooms.

## Notable alumni

* Bobby Orr, professional ice hockey defencemen
* John Henry (Ontario politician), Ontario politician
# Akçapınar, Keles

Akçapınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Keles, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 162 (2022).
# Curricle

A curricle is a light two-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses abreast. Usually open with a falling hood, it seats two people, plus a liveried groom on a seat or small platform between the rear springs—whose weight might be required to properly balance the carriage. Curricles are harnessed with a pole between the horses, and have an iron crossbar (the curricle bar) which rests over the harness saddle and supports the weight of the pole.$^{:154}$ The lightweight "swept" body is hung from a pair of outsized swan-neck cee-springs at the rear, with a minimal dashboard and a pair of lamps in front. For park driving, such as in the Bois de Boulogne or along the seafront at Honfleur, two liveried mounted grooms might follow.
The curricle originated in Italy and came to England in the early 1800s by way of France. The word curricle comes from curriculum, the name of the Roman racing chariot. In Latin, the word curriculum means "running", "racecourse" or "chariot". The French adopted the English-sounding word carrick for such vehicles.
Accidents with curricles were common. The ratio of draft—one lightweight carriage compared to two horses pulling—was so low that curricles were often driven faster than they should, leading to collisions or accidents when a horse slipped.$^{:95}$ The danger, plus the development of the safer phaeton and cabriolet, replaced curricles as the fashionable carriage of the time.
   It was a vehicle of easy draught, and could be driven at great speed. Unfortunately it was rather dangerous if the horses shied or stumbled, and this tended to reduce the demand for it.
# Richard Simm

Richard Simm was a Bohemian luger who competed in the early 1910s. He won a bronze medal in the men's singles event at the inaugural European championships of 1914 in Reichenberg, Bohemia (now Liberec, Czech Republic).
# Chromodoris lineolata

Chromodoris lineolata is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Java. It is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region.

## Description

Chromodoris lineolata is a chromodorid nudibranch with a pattern of multiple longitudinal stripes of black or dark brown and white on the mantle. The mantle edge is orange or yellow. The gills are bushy and brown with fine white spots. The rhinophores are orange-brown and are also covered with fine white spots. This species is distinguished from the similar Chromodoris striatella by the presence of a black line next to the orange border, whilst in C. striatella the first line in from the border is white.
# Devin Taylor

Devin Taylor may refer to:
* Devin Taylor (American football) (born 1989), American football defensive end
* Devin Taylor (wrestler) (born 1988), American model, actress, television personality, and professional wrestler
# Adelpha iphiclus

Adelpha iphiclus, the Iphiclus sister, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in the tropics and sub-tropics of Central and South America, from Mexico to Bolivia. The habitat consists of disturbed areas in deciduous and evergreen forests at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1,200 meters.
The wingspan is about 47 mm. Adult males engage in mud-puddling. Adults of both sexes feed at over-ripe fruits of mango, Guazuma and Genipa, but have also been observed feeding on the nectar of Vochysia and Paullinia flowers.
The larvae feed on Calycophyllum candidissimum, Isertia and Uncaria species.

## Subspecies

* Adelpha iphiclus iphiclus (Mexico to western Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Surinam, Brazil: Amazon, Mato Grosso)
* Adelpha iphiclus ephesa (Ménétriés, 1857) (Brazil: Santa Catarina, São Paulo to north-eastern Argentina)
* Adelpha iphiclus estrecha Willmott & Hall, 1999 (western Ecuador)
# R. S. Puram, Coimbatore

R. S. Puram (or "Rathina Sabapathi Puram") is a residential area in the city of Coimbatore located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is named after the late Dewan Bahadur and Late C. S. Ratnasabhapathy Mudaliar, often considered as the founder of Modern Coimbatore. The area of R. S. Puram includes multiple commercial and residential buildings. There are several multi-national commercial establishments, important government offices, sprawling educational institutions, shopping complexes, sporting facilities, tourist spots, restaurants, and cultural centers located in the neighborhood. R. S. Puram is considered Coimbatore prime residential area because of its infrastructure, cultural heritage, and modern amenities.

## Geography

R. S. Puram is situated in the western part of the city near Old Coimbatore area of Ukkadam and Poomarket between Mettupalayam Road and Thadagam Road. RS Puram shares a border with: Sai Baba colony, Sukrawarpettai, Gandhi Park, Mettupalayam Road, Tamil Nadu Agri University Campus (TNAU), Forest Campus and Thadagam Road.

## Population

R. S. Puram has an approximate population of 62,600. Most local new generation companies including IT and mobile operate their head offices in the neighborhood, meaning RS Puram has a significant floating population.

## Climate

R. S. Puram is located in Tamil Nadu, which has a mainly tropical savanna climate. The highest temperature recorded there is 41 °C and the lowest is 12 °C.

## Economy

Many rich commercial properties of the city are situated at R. S. Puram. As of now, R. S. Puram is the third largest commercial hub of Coimbatore City after Town Hall and Gandhipuram, Coimbatore. R. S. Puram has a large number of multinational chains and is one of the major shopping centres in Coimbatore.

## Infrastructure
### Design

R. S. Puram is a planned neighbourhood with Diwan Bahadur Road is the largest road in the area. All roads running east–west cross DB Road and exit to Mettupalayam Road on the east and Thadagam Road on the west.

## Localities

Localities of RS Puram include
* Diwan Bahadur Road (DB Road) -Main road
* TV Swamy Road (Thiruvenkata Swamy Road)-Main road
* Cowley Brown Road (Lawley Road)-Main road (Cowley Brown was first Principal of Forest Campus and Lawley was first Principal and Founder of Agricultural University)
* Ponnurangam Road (West and East)
* Venkatasamy Road (West and East)
* Sir Shanmugam Road
* Sirinivasa ragavan street
* Periaswamy Road (West and East)
* Bashyakarlu Road (West and East)
* Lokamanya Street (West and East)
* Sambandam Road (West and East)
* VenkataRamana Road
* Arokiyasamy Road
* Azad Road
* Ramalingam Road
* Arunachalam Street
* Robertson Road
* Siva Subramaniam Road
* Father Randy Street (North, South, East, and West)
In January, 2018, RS Puram Police Station was judged the best police station in India by the Home Ministry, Government of India.

## Gallery

* Midtown towers on D.B Road
* Shops on D.B Road
* D.B Road signal
* Shops on D.B Road
* Diwan Bahadur Road
* Diwan Bahadur Road
* Foundation one apartment on TV Swamy Road
* Foundation one apartment on TV Swamy Road
* Mayflower apartments