OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nan Green

Nan Green (19 November 1904 - 6 April 1984), was a British communist who in October 1936 volunteered to join her husband George on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. She worked in several hospitals as a medical administrator and collator of statistics during the war and after it continued to support veterans of the International Brigade.

## Spanish Civil War

Born Nancy Farrow in Beeston, Nottingham, Nan married George Green, a musician, on 9 November 1929. She joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1929 but transferred to the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) before the start of the Spanish Civil War. She was asked to go to Spain, where her husband George was already a volunteer, in October 1936. Their two children were left in Britain, where their places at Summerhill were paid for by a fellow volunteer. She went to the 'English Hospital' at Huete then was posted to other hospitals at Valdeganga, Uclés, and the 'cave hospital' at Ebro. As an administrator and secretary to Dr Len Crome she did valuable organisational work, notably in medical statistics. Her experiences, including forthright criticism of the conditions and food, and being a blood donor in the early days of transfusion, are described in a memoir published in 2004. Her commitment continued after George's death in September 1938. After the end of the war, she accompanied Spanish Republicans escaping by ship from France to Mexico, and became a leading figure in the National Joint Committee for Spanish Relief and the International Brigade Association. During and after the Second World War she was active in humanitarian and left-wing causes, among them the World Peace Movement. She managed to visit and write about the women's prison in Madrid, and survived to see Franco's death and the end of the dictatorship in Spain.
# Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone

The Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone (ETSZ), also known as the East Tennessee Seismic Zone and the Southern Appalachian Seismic Zone, is a geographic band stretching from northeastern Alabama to southwestern Virginia that is subject to frequent small earthquakes. The ETSZ is one of the most active earthquake zones in the eastern United States.

## Earthquake magnitude

Most earthquakes in the ETSZ are small and are detected only with instruments. A few damaging earthquakes have occurred in the ETSZ; the largest historic earthquakes measured 5.1 magnitude, occurring in April 29, 2003 near Fort Payne, Alabama and August 9, 2020 near Sparta, North Carolina. Earthquakes large enough to be felt occur approximately once per year in the ETSZ. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that earthquakes as large as magnitude 7.5 are possible in the ETSZ. Even though Oak Ridge, Tennessee experiences these earthquakes, the nuclear reactors in the city are rated to handle 8.0 magnitude earthquakes. So, if a 7.5 magnitude earthquake were to occur, a meltdown would be highly unlikely. Events of magnitude 5–6 are estimated to occur once every 200 to 300 years.

## Source

The source of seismic activity in the ETSZ is not known. The ETSZ is located far from edge of the North American Plate and represents a mid-continent or intraplate earthquake zone. The known faults in the ETSZ are generally ancient; no known active faults reach the surface. Research published in 2010 indicates a correlation between the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone and the New York–Alabama Lineament and suggests that earthquakes in the seismic zone originate at depth in metasedimentary gneiss.

## Seismic events

Earthquakes associated with the ETSZ have included:
* October 18, 1916, earthquake near Irondale, Alabama (magnitude 5.1)
* 1973 earthquake near Knoxville, Tennessee (magnitude 4.6)
* April 29, 2003, earthquake near Fort Payne, Alabama (magnitude 4.6)
* December 12, 2018, earthquake near Decatur, Tennessee (magnitude 4.4 with smaller aftershocks)
* August 9, 2020, earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina (magnitude 5.1 with smaller aftershocks)
# Federico Nadi Terrade

Federico Nadi Terrade (1740-1824) was an Italian ballet dancer. He was a ballet master of the Royal Swedish Ballet on the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm from 1804 to 1806.
# Richard Banda

Richard Banda SC is a Malawian barrister and former athlete. He is a judge who formerly served as Chief Justice of Malawi and Eswatini and as Minister of Justice in Malawi. He was president of the Commonwealth Magistrates' and Judges' Association and Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal. As a sportsman, Banda was a track and field athlete and soccer player. He is the spouse of the former President of Malawi, Joyce Banda and, as such, was the First Gentleman.

## Career
### Athletic career

He played soccer for Malawi, was the captain of the Malawi national team, the Flames, and later was president of the Football Association of Malawi. As a track and field athlete, Banda represented Malawi in the high jump. He later became the president of the Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association of Malawi.

### Legal career

Banda was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn in July 1966. He then worked with the Malawi Government Legal Service until 1970. He was appointed the Director of Public Prosecution by the president of Malawi Kamuzu Banda and later served as acting Solicitor General and Secretary for Justice. In April 1972 he was appointed Attorney General and became the first Malawian to be created Senior Counsel. He worked in these two roles until 1974 when he became Minister of Justice and Attorney General and was responsible for the Portfolio of Local Government until his resignation in 1976.
In 1980, he re-entered the Judicial Service to fill the newly created office of Chief Resident Magistrate. In November 1980 he was appointed a Judge of the High Court and Supreme Court of Malawi. In 1992 Banda was appointed the first black Chief Justice of Malawi until 2002. He was the president of the Commonwealth Magistrates' and Judges' Association (CMJA) 2000–2003.
He was the Chief Justice of Eswatini. He spoke against corruption and backlogs in the Swaziland Criminal Justice System. Banda was succeeded by Michael Ramodibedi after he retired due to his health.

## Honors and awards

* Chairman of African Parks (Majete), 2003–2007
* President, Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal
* President, Commonwealth Magistrates' and Judges' Association (CMJA), 2000–2003
* Honorary Life Fellow, Society of Advanced Legal Studies (constituent organization of the University of London)
* Honorary Master of the Bench, Gray's Inn

## Personal life

Banda was born in Kawambwa, Northern Rhodesia, near the border with Nyasaland (now Malawi). He is married to Malawi's former President, Joyce Banda. He is brother-in-law to Anjimile Oponyo.
# Miojapyx

Miojapyx is a genus of diplurans in the family Parajapygidae.

## Species

* Miojapyx americanus Ewing, 1941
# Grade II* listed buildings in Lincolnshire

The county of Lincolnshire is divided into nine districts. The districts of Lincolnshire are Lincoln, North Kesteven, South Kesteven, South Holland, Boston, East Lindsey, West Lindsey, North Lincolnshire, and North East Lincolnshire.
As there are 583 Grade II* listed buildings in the county they have been split into separate lists for each district.
* Grade II* listed buildings in Lincoln
* Grade II* listed buildings in North Kesteven
* Grade II* listed buildings in South Kesteven
* Grade II* listed buildings in South Holland
* Grade II* listed buildings in Boston (borough)
* Grade II* listed buildings in East Lindsey
* Grade II* listed buildings in West Lindsey
* Grade II* listed buildings in North Lincolnshire
* Grade II* listed buildings in North East Lincolnshire
# Hochiss

Hochiss or Hochriss is a mountain in Tyrol, Austria. Rising some 2,299 metres (7,543 ft), it is the highest mountain of the Brandenberg Alps (otherwise known as Rofan) and is located near the tourist hot spot Achensee. Its steep north face is popular with rock climbers and its other slopes are a popular destination for hiking and paragliding as well as snowshoeing and ski touring in the winter.
# Randy Johnston (model)

Randy Johnston (September 25, 1988 – October 11, 2008) was an American model. He was represented by the Ford NY modeling agency and was best known for his starring in the fall 2007 Dior Homme advertising campaign.
Johnston was born in Waterford, Connecticut, United States, of German and English descent. He was a successful model; besides his best known role as the last "Dior Boy", he did an ad campaign for Levi's in 2008 with Rachel Clark and Shannan Click. His last known modeling gig was an appearance in the November 2008 issue of the i-D magazine with Lara Stone. Randy was also a talented musician, and multi-instrumentalist;(drums, bass, guitar) playing in a few Connecticut based indie rock and punk bands. One talented up and coming band, with best friend Jared, called The Electric Noise Act (drumming), and another local band called Soviet Tribe. also providing exciting rhythmic dimension on drums. His favorite book was Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe.
At the time of his death, his hobbies included skateboarding, reading, as well as writing poetry, prose, and sketching. He also had a passion for developing photography of his own; stating that he'd like to be behind the camera professionally, one day. He used TMax400 black and white film. He began to photograph his friends, and his hometown city's architecture. He delighted in sailing boats with his grandfather, camping, and survivalist strategy, He became quite skilled in many areas and crafts.
After a dedicated and sincere attempt at getting off drugs, Johnston relapsed, after three months of sobriety, and died in New London, Connecticut, suddenly on October 11, 2008, around 5pm Eastern Standard Time. He was 20 years old. The cause of death was a drug overdose, which was ruled accidental.
# Col. William Rhett House

The Col. William Rhett House is a historic, stuccoed brick two-story home at 54 Hasell St., Charleston, South Carolina. A historical marker was erected at the house in 2001 by the Preservation Society of Charleston.

## History

The Col. William Rhett House was built in 1712 as the main house for Point Plantation later known as Rhettsbury, lying outside the walled city's limits by Col. William Rhett. The plantation was later folded into the historic Ansonborough neighborhood.
After Rhett's death in 1722, the house remained in his family until 1807 when it was bought by Christopher Fitzsimons. Mr. Fitzsimon's grandson Gov. Wade Hampton was born in the house.
In the 1940s, the house was bought by Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Kittredge, the creators of Cypress Gardens near Moncks Corner, South Carolina. The Kittredges added the eastern set of stairs to the front of their house to match the original set on the opposite side of the house.
# Mountain National Bank

Mountain National Bank was a bank headquartered in Sevierville, Tennessee. It was a subsidiary of Mountain National Bancshares, Inc., a bank holding company. The bank operated 12 branches in Sevier County and Blount County. In June 2013, as a result of bank failure, the bank was shut down by regulators and was sold to First Tennessee.

## History

The bank was founded on November 23, 1998.
In 2008, the bank had a 3.38% market share in East Tennessee.
In October 2011, the bank entered into a consent order with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and agreed to reduce its commercial property loans.
In March 2012, Dwight Grizzell resigned as president and chief executive officer of the bank. In April 2012, the bank stated in a regulatory filing that there are matters that "give rise to substantial doubt" about the ability of the company to continue as a going concern.
In October 2012, James Friddell resigned as chief executive officer of the bank after only 6 months in the position.
On June 7, 2013, as a result of bank failure, the bank was closed by the OCC and put into receivership, with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as receiver. Its branches were acquired by First Tennessee.
# Evert Meurs

Evert Johan Alexander Meurs (born in the Netherlands) is a Dutch astronomer at the University of Amsterdam and a former director of Dunsink Observatory in Dublin, Ireland. He spearheaded the efforts by Ireland's astronomers to become a member of the European Southern Observatory (ESO).

## Education and career

Meurs got an MSc at The University of Amsterdam in 1976 and a PhD at Leiden University in 1982. His doctoral thesis was "The Seyfert Galaxy Population: A Radio Survey; Luminosity Function; Related Objects" done under Harry van de Laan.
He has worked at a number of educational and research facilities including:
    1982-1984: Postdoctoral researcher at Max Planck Institute (MPI) in Heidelberg
    1984-1987: Postdoctoral researcher at Cambridge
    1988, 1989 and 1993: Lectured for two months in each of these years at University of Porto
    1987-1989: European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Garching
    1989-1992: MPI in Garching
    1993: ESO in Garching
    1994-2007: Director of Dunsink Observatory
    1994-2010: Senior professor at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS)
    1995-2012: Adjunct Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin (TCD)
    1995-2012: Adjunct professor at Dublin City University (DCU)
    2011-present: Full professor at the University of Amsterdam
# Piston (optics)

In optics, piston is the mean value of a wavefront or phase profile across the pupil of an optical system. The piston coefficient is typically expressed in wavelengths of light at a particular wavelength. Its main use is in curve-fitting wavefronts with Cartesian polynomials or Zernike polynomials.
However, similar to a real engine piston moving up and down in its cylinder, optical piston values can be changed to bias the wavefront phase mean value as desired. As phase values can only vary from zero to 2π, then repeat in either direction (termed phase wrapping), changing the piston coefficient changes the zero phase value contour locations across the wavefront. This property is critical to the operation of phase-measuring interferometers, which give not only the magnitude but also the sign (convexity or concavity) of a wavefront under test. Piston is physically created in the interferometer by piezoelectric actuators that translate the Fizeau interferometer reference surface along the optical axis by precise fractions of the test wavelength, usually by one quarter of a wavelength. This changes the interferometric fringe patterns and allows direct calculation of the exact wavefront error.
Piston and tilt are not actually true optical aberrations, as they do not represent or model curvature in the wavefront. Defocus is the lowest order true optical aberration. If piston and tilt are subtracted from an otherwise perfect wavefront, a perfect, aberration-free image is formed.
# Ricardo Urzúa Rivera

Ricardo Urzúa Rivera (born 19 May 1966) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Since 4 September 2014 he serves as Senator of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress. He previously served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.
# Canadian Injured Workers Alliance

The Canadian Injured Workers Alliance (CIWA) is a Canadian charity and advocacy organization for injured workers and occupational rehabilitation. Active in providing training, educational resources, and advocacy both federally and provincially, it is based on a national network of injured workers groups whose aim is to support injured workers and improve the occupational health and safety of workers across Canada. CIWA's stated objectives include:
* improving the occupational health and safety of workers in Canada.
* working towards a just system of compensation, rehabilitation and re-employment in all provinces and territories of Canada.
* providing a national forum for debating issues of concern to injured workers and their organizations at national conferences and at national board workshops.
* gathering and share information with groups and individuals across Canada.
The organization was founded in 1990 by Steve Mantis and other injured workers advocates including Wolfgang Zimmermann, after they organized a "National Conference on Re-Employment of Injured Workers" in Ottawa in June 1990. The conference passed a resolution to form a national organization representing a national network of injured worker organizations, ultimately to become CIWA.
# List of Lepidoptera of Palmyra Atoll

The Lepidoptera of Palmyra Atoll consist of both the butterflies and moths recorded from Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The atoll consists of an extensive reef, two shallow lagoons, and some 50 sand and reef-rock islets and bars covered with vegetation—mostly coconut trees, Scaevola, and tall Pisonia trees.
According to a recent estimate, there are 11 Lepidoptera species on Palmyra Atoll.

## Butterflies
### Nymphalidae

* Hypolimnas bolina Linnaeus, 1758

## Moths
### Agonoxenidae

* Agonoxena argaula Meyrick, 1921

### Cosmopterigidae

* Anatrachyntis incertulella (Walker, 1864)

### Crambidae

* Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren, 1860)

### Gelechiidae

* Stoeberbinus testaceus Butler, 1881

### Gracillariidae

* 1 undescribed species

### Noctuidae

* Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday, 1843)
* Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775)

### Sphingidae

* Agrius cingulata (Fabricius, 1775)

### Tineidae

* Erechtias simulans (Butler, 1882)
* 1 undescribed Opogona species
# Rasidi

Rasidi may refer to:
* Addy Rasidi (born 1975), Singaporean guitarist
* Sunarto Rasidi (born 1975), Indonesian weightlifter
* Weny Rasidi (born 1983), French badminton player
# Cognitive description

Cognitive description is a term used in psychology to describe the cognitive workings of the human mind.
A cognitive description specifies what information is utilized during a cognitive action, how this information is processed and transformed, what data structures are used, and what behaviour is generated.
Cognitive description, a fundamental concept in cognitive science, refers to the elucidation of the processes and mechanisms underlying cognitive actions. It specifies the nature of information utilized, the processes of transforming this information, the data structures involved, and the resulting behaviour. This domain is interdisciplinary, intertwining psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, and computer science.

## Definition and Core Aspects

Cognitive description concerns itself with detailing how cognitive actions are executed from start to finish. It addresses several key aspects:
* Information Utilization: This involves identifying what specific information is required and accessed during a cognitive action, such as sensory data or memories.
* Information Processing and Transformation: Here, the focus is on how information is processed — the mental algorithms and operations applied to transform the input information.
* Data Structures: This relates to the internal cognitive structures, such as schemas and mental models, that organize and store information.
* Generated Behaviour: Finally, cognitive description explains the behaviour that results from these processes, including decision-making, problem-solving, and physical actions.

## Significance in Cognitive Science

The significance of cognitive descriptions lies in their ability to offer a structured, detailed analysis of mental operations. This analysis is instrumental in formulating theories about the human mind and its functioning. Additionally, it provides a framework for designing and interpreting cognitive research experiments.

## Applications and Real-World Relevance

Cognitive descriptions have practical applications across various fields:
* Education: They aid in developing teaching methods that align with how information is processed and understood.
* Artificial Intelligence: Insights from cognitive descriptions inform the development of AI algorithms that mimic human cognitive processes.
* Clinical Psychology: They are crucial in diagnosing and treating cognitive impairments and understanding mental health disorders.

## Future Directions

Future advancements in cognitive description are expected to integrate more deeply with neuroscience, linking cognitive processes with brain activities and structures. There is also a growing emphasis on understanding these processes in diverse cultural and developmental contexts.
# Mountain Park, Alberta

Mountain Park is a ghost town in western Alberta, south of Cadomin, elevation 6200 feet, at the end of the historic Alberta Coal Branch line of the Canadian National Railway (originally the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway).
Production of steam coal for railroad use by the Mountain Park Coal Co. Ltd. began in 1912 or 1914. It closed in 1950 in response to rising debt, declining coal markets, and a flood by the McLeod River that washed out the railroad bed. Mining throughout the area ceased as the railroads replaced steam locomotives with diesel, and the town was quickly abandoned. Almost nothing remains of Mountain Park today, except for a restored cemetery and a few remnants of the mine. At its peak, the town was home to about 1,500 residents.
Mountain Park was the site of another coal mining operation, the Cheviot Mine, which opened in 2005 despite environmental opposition. Cheviot was operated by Teck Coal Ltd. and produced coking coal for export to Japanese steel mills. It closed in 2020 due to declining coal reserves.
# Evert Nilsson

Evert Reinhold Emanuel "Västervik" Nilsson (22 October 1894 – 14 February 1973) was a Swedish pentathlete and decathlete who competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he finished fifth in the decathlon; in the pentathlon he placed tenth, despite not running the 1500 m stage. Four years later he withdrew from the decathlon and pentathlon competitions after the fourth contest. Nilsson was Swedish champion in the pentathlon (1921–23) and decathlon (1920, 1923, 1925 and 1926) and held national records in both events.
# Planidia (beetle)

Planidia is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the jewel beetles. They are native to southern and eastern Africa.
Species include:
* Planidia elongulata Obenberger, 1922
* Planidia freudei Jelinek, 1971
* Planidia hauseri Obenberger, 1931
* Planidia vansoni Obenberger, 1936
* Planidia velutina Kerremans, 1899