OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bingegang, Queensland

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Bingegang is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Bingegang had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

Bingegang is about 613 km away from Brisbane.
The Mackenzie River (the river) forms the northern and north-western boundary of the locality. Parker Creek forms part of the south-western boundary of the locality and then flows in a northerly direction through the locality to becomes a tributary of the Mackenzie River on the northern boundary (23°03′S 149°12′E﻿ / ﻿23.05°S 149.2°E﻿ / -23.05; 149.2﻿ (Parker Creek (mouth))). The south-eastern, southern and part of the south-western boundary of the locality roughly follows Return Creek (23°15′00″S 149°10′00″E﻿ / ﻿23.25°S 149.1666°E﻿ / -23.25; 149.1666﻿ (Return Creek (mouth))), which is a tributary of Parker Creek.
The Fitzroy Developmental Road enters the locality from the south (Jellinbah) and exits to the north-west (the locality of Mackenzie River).
Bingegang Weir (23°04′21″S 149°02′02″E﻿ / ﻿23.0725°S 149.0338°E﻿ / -23.0725; 149.0338﻿ (Bingegang Weir)) impounds the Mackenzie River. It is reached via Bingegan Weir Access Road.
The land use is predominantly grazing on native vegetation with some cropping in the north and south of the locality.

## History

Bingebgang Weir was completed in 1975 and raised in 1998.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census Bingegang had a population of 18 people.
In the 2021 census, Bingegang had "no people or a very low population".

## Education

There are no schools in Bingegang. The nearest primary schools are Dingo State School in Dingo to the south and Middlemount Community School in Middlemount to the north-west. The nearest secondary schools are Middlemount Community School in Middlemount to the north-west and Blackwater State High School in Blackwater to the south-west. However, all of these schools are sufficiently distant that distance education and boarding schools would be other options.

## Attractions

There is no public access allowed to the Bingegang Weir itself but boating and fishing is permitted if more than 200 metres (660 ft) from the weir (or as signed).
# Asociación de Artistas Plásticos de El Salvador

The Asociación de Artistas Plásticos de El Salvador (ADAPES) is a prominent arts association in El Salvador. ADAPES was founded in 1980 by a group of recognized Salvadoran artists. The group's fundamental objective was initially the promotion of plastic arts in El Salvador. Since then, and with the collaboration of private and public institutions, ADAPES has branched out into promoting painting, sculpture and related visual arts in El Salvador.
Notable ADAPES members include Marco Valencia, Francisco Zayas, Licry Bicard, Marielos Imery, Romeo Galdamez, Mayra Barraza, Fredis Monge, Hugo Martinez, Carlos Cartagena, Salvador Llort, Mauricio Castillo, Mauricio Linares Aguilar, Evelyn Quinteros, Amber Rose, Tessie Scharaga, Dagoberto Nolasco, Ivan Bran, Armando Solis, Giovanni Gil, Victor Cartagena, Elisa Archer, Alberto Merino, Marta Eugenia Valle, Ricardo Portillo, Flor Nuila, Antonio Lara, Maria Kahn, Gilberto Arriaza
# Asociación de Guías Scouts Dominicanas

The Asociación de Guías Scouts Dominicanas (AGSD; Dominican Girl Guide Association) is the national Guiding organization of the Dominican Republic. It serves 588 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1961, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1969. The Dominican Republic Girl scout uniforms are the same as the United States uniforms.
The Guide Motto is Siempre lista, Be prepared.
# 1891 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1891.

## Arthropods
### Newly named insects

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Aeromyrma antiqua | Comb nov | jr synonym | (Mayr, 1868) | Middle Eocene | Baltic amber | Europe | Fossil myrmicine ant, moved to Erebomyrma antiqua in 1915 Synonym of Carebara antiqua | Carebara antiqua |
| Cataulacus planiceps | Sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | A myrmicine ant. | Cataulacus planiceps |
| Cataulacus silvestrii | Sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | A myrmicine ant. | Cataulacus silvestrii |
| Ectatomma gracile | Sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | An ectatommine ant. | Ectatomma gracile |
| Hypopomyrmex | Gen et sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | A myrmicine ant. Type species H. bombiccii | Hypopomyrmex bombiccii |
| Plagiolepis labilis | Sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | A formicine ant. | Plagiolepis labilis |
| Ponera leptocephala | Sp nov | valid | Emery | Late Eocene? - Middle Miocene? | Sicilian amber | Italy: Sicily | A ponerine ant. | Ponera leptocephala |

## Archosauromorphs
### Newly named dinosaurs

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Agrosaurus | Gen et sp nov | Possible jr. synonym | Seeley | Rhaetian? | | England | Possible junior subjective synonym of Thecodontosaurus. | |
| Ammosaurus | Gen nov | synonym | Marsh | Early Jurassic | | USA ( Connecticut) ( Massachusetts) Jr synonym of Anchisaurus polyzelus | Anchisaurus polyzelus |
| Calamosaurus | Gen et comb nov | Nomen dubium | Lydekker | Barremian | Wessex Formation | England | a possible basal coelurosaurian | Calamosaurus foxi |
| Sterrholophus | Gen et comb nov | Jr. synonym | Marsh | Maastrichtian | Lance Formation | USA | Type species S. flabellatus Junior subjective synonym of Triceratops horridus. | Triceratops horridus |
| Torosaurus | Gen et 2 sp | Valid | Marsh | Maastrichtian | Lance Formation | USA; Texas | | Torosaurus. |

### Newly named birds

| Name | Status | Authors | Notes |
| Dryornis pampeanus | Valid | Moreno & Mercerat | |
| Neochen debilis | Valid | Florentino Ameghino | |
# Rolf Gunnarsson

Rolf Gunnarsson (born May 7, 1946) is a Swedish former politician of the Moderate Party. He was a member of the Riksdag from 1994 to 2010.
# Moon Transportation Authority

The Moon Transportation Authority (MTA) is an authority board that was created in 1986 by a resolution agreed to by Moon Township, Pennsylvania and the Moon Area School District. The MTA is funded through the diversion of local property taxes collected to fund the school district and township; this is called a Local Economic Revitalization Tax Assistance (LERTA) Revenue Allocation Program (RAP).

## History

The MTA was established to promote infrastructure and economic development in Moon Township. Since its inception, it has financed and constructed three new interchanges and several connector roads along Business Route 60. Each project has enhanced the transportation network in Moon Township and opened hundreds of acres of land for development.
The MTA is an authority board composed of two representatives from Moon Township, two representatives from the Moon Area School District, and one local business leader. Current Board members are as follows; President Mark Scappe, a member of the MASD Board of Education; Vice President John Hertzer, a member of the Moon Township Board of Supervisors; Secretary Treasurer Thomas Weaver, a local business leader; Michael Hauser, a member of the MASD Board of Education; and James Vitale, a member of the Moon Township Board of Supervisors.

## Controversy

In the summer of 2020, at a public meeting of the Moon Area School District's Board of Education, several school boards announced they had just become aware that their school board colleague and MTA President Mark Scappe is employed by a company that is awarded MTA contracts. His business, RBS Consultants, was purchased by developer RHEA in 2014, and RHEA frequently contracts with the MTA, including in the summer of 2020. Mr. Scappe expressed no remorse for failing to inform his colleagues of the purchase and resulting conflict of interest, and described the relationship as "not a big deal."
# Anil Shivajirao Bhosale

Anil Shivajirao Bhosale is a politician of the Nationalist Congress Party. On 23 November 2016 he was re-elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Council from Local Areas Constituency of Pune. He was representing the same seat from 2010 to 2016 as well. On 25 February 2020, Bhosale along with three others was arrested in connection with embezzlement of ₹4.94 billion (US$65.3 million) at Shivajirao Bhosale cooperative bank. Bhosale was chairman and director of the bank at time of his arrest.
# Military Cross (disambiguation)

The Military Cross is a British military decoration for gallantry.
Military Cross may also refer to one of the following awards.
* Military Cross (Belgium), established 1885, awarded by the Belgian Armed Forces
* Military Cross (Poland), established 2007, a Polish decoration for soldiers and civilians
# Brückner-Egeson-Lockyer cycle

The Brückner-Egeson-Lockyer cycle is a climatic cycle of approximately 30-40 years. Originally described by Charles Egeson on the basis of periodic flooding events in southern Australia that correlated with sunspot activity. It was supported by William J.S. Lockyer and later by Eduard Brückner. The initials "BEL" or paratridecadal cycles have since been suggested to explain various other long-term cycles including those affecting economics, human physiology, and historical events.
Charles Egeson (who possibly also went by the name of John Joseph George) first suggested 33 year cycles in Australian weather in 1889. Egeson was an assistant to Henry Chamberlain Russell in the Sydney Observatory. When Russell was away in Europe, he began to publish forecasts based on his cycles in the newspapers. The forecast of a drought caused considerable public alarm and led to his dismissal from the Sydney Observatory in 1890. In 1893, a warrant was issued for the arrest of Charles Egeson in a case of cheating. A news report in 1903 recorded his death in a lunatic asylum. Egeson's 1889 publication was shortly followed in 1890 by Eduard Brückner's who suggested 33 to 35 year cycles. William J. S. Lockyer, son of Sir Norman Lockyer, associated these cycles with that of sunspot activity. Similar cycles were also noted before Egeson as in the case of 35-year cycles of Perseid meteors noted by Rudolf Wolf in 1877, sunspot and weather associations by Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1651) and 30+ year cycles noted by Francis Bacon although Egeson was the first to collate numerous datasets to support the view. Egeson himself noted ancient traditional beliefs in 30 year cycles from Ceylon. Brückner described 35 year cycles of cool-damp and warm-dry weather periods, an observation that had also been made by Sir Francis Bacon.
Other datasets that have been suggested as following the BEL cycle including geomagnetism, military events, economics, and heart rates.
# BMW H2R

The BMW H2R ("Hydrogen Record Car") is a racecar adapted to run on liquid hydrogen fuel. It was conceived and developed in 10 months under the direction of Dr. Raymond Freymann.
The H2R’s 6.0-liter V12 engine, which draws on BMW's Valvetronic and Double-VANOS technology, is based on the 760i’s gasoline-fueled powerplant. This H$_2$-powered vehicle generates 232 horsepower (173 kW) and achieved a top speed of 301.95 km/h (187.62 mph).

## Technical data

In 2004 on the high-speed track at the Miramas Proving Grounds in France, the BMW H2R set nine international and FIA-ratified records for cars with hydrogen combustion engines.
* Maximum speed: 300.175 km/h (186.520 mph)
* Engine: twelve-cylinder ICE, running on hydrogen
* Bodyshell: aluminium space frame structure
* Outer shell: carbon fibre-reinforced plastic
* Vehicle dimensions: 5.40 metres (212.6 in) long, 2.01 metres (79.1 in) wide, 1.34 metres (52.8 in) high
* Vehicle weight including driver: 1,560 kg (3,440 lb)
* Drag coefficient (cw): 0.21

## BMW Art Car Project: Your Mobile Expectations

In 2007, Olafur Eliasson was commissioned by BMW to create the sixteenth art car for the BMW Art Car Project based on the H2R. Eliasson and his team removed the automobile's alloy body and instead replaced it with a new interlocking framework of reflective steel bars and mesh. Layers of ice were created by spraying approximately 530 gallons of water during a period of several days upon the structure. On display, the frozen sculpture is glowing from within. Called Your Mobile Expectations, the vehicle was on special display in a temperature controlled room at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art from September 8, 2007 to January 13, 2008.
# Begünhan Elif Ünsal

Begünhan Elif Oruç (born 4 January 1993) is a Turkish archer.

## Private life

Begünhan Elif Oruç was born in Isparta, Turkey on 4 January 1993. After finishing private high school in Altınbaşak College, she studied Sports Science at the Faculty of Health Science in Süleyman Demirel University in her hometown.

## Sports career

Ünsal began her archery career at age ten, inspired by her older sister, also an archer, and encouraged by her father. Ünsal is trained by her father Yalçın Ünsal.
She participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. She was eliminated in the second round in the individual event by the silver medallist Tan Ya-Ting. She paired up with Abdul Dayyan bin Mohamed Jaffar of Singapore to win bronze in the mixed team event.
Ünsal won the silver medal in the youth category and the bronze medal in the senior category at the 2010 Archery European Indoor Championships held in Poreč, Croatia. At the 2010 European Archery Championships held in Rovereto, Italy, Ünsal became the bronze medalist. She won a gold medal in the team event of the 2010 European Junior Cu, which took place in Reggio Calabria, Italy.
# Elliptio crassidens

Elliptio crassidens, the elephant-ear, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in Unionidae, the river-mussel family.
The elephant-ear possesses a thick triangular shell which may be up to six inches long. The outside of the shells is brown or black while the inside is typically light purple. It usually is found in the mud, sand, or fine gravel of large rivers. This mussel is found in the midwestern, eastern, and some southern states of the United States as well as the provinces of Quebec and Ontario in Canada.
Elephant-ears typically breed once a year. Breeding seasons are short, lasting from either April through May or June to July. Both males and females reach sexual maturity at four to six years. Larvae stay in their mother's gills anywhere from a few weeks to a few months. Eventually, the offspring will attach to a host fish's fins or gills. After living parasitically on the host fish for several weeks, juvenile clams break free and fall to bottom of the river where they burrow and develop into adult mussels. The mussels will not likely move more than a few meters from this site throughout their lives. Elephant-ears are filter feeders, consuming primarily bacteria, protozoans, algae, and plankton. Common predators include otters, raccoons, muskrats, herons, egrets, and a variety of fish. Like other mussels, elephant-ears are thought to be long-lived, with lifespans from 20 to as long as 100 years.
Although widespread, elephant-ears are relatively rare in the Midwest, but are locally abundant in some parts of the Ohio and White rivers of Illinois and Indiana. Elephant-ear mussels are listed as endangered in Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin, Ohio and Virginia,$^{:3}$ and are considered threatened in Illinois.
# Emanuel Labhardt

Emanuel Labhardt (11 March 1810, Steckborn - 10 June 1874, Feuerthalen) was a Swiss landscape painter, graphic artist and lithographer.

## Life and work

From 1827, he was an apprentice for drawing, painting, etching and lithography in the studios of Johann Heinrich Bleuler, the Younger (1787–1857) in Feuerthalen; under the supervision of Johann Heinrich Wirz (1784-1866). In 1832, he married Wirz's daughter Caroline.
The following year, he went to work for Bleuler's brother, Johann Ludwig, who had an art school and publishing firm at Laufen Castle. During his time there, under commission from his employer, he took several study trips to Bodensee, Central Switzerland and other European countries.
In 1837, he founded his own lithographic company in Feuerthalen. Caroline died from giving birth to their sixth child. He eventually married her youngest sister, Else, with whom he had nine more children. During the Sonderbund War, he served as a Captain. He also managed the post office in Feuerthalen and became the Gemeindepräsident [de] (head of the Municipality) there in the late 1860s.
During his professional life, he mastered various other painting and printing techniques, such as watercolors, gouache, copper etching and aquatints. Of particular note is his 1866 publication, Album von Schaffhausen.
He died in 1874, after a brief, but serious illness.

## Sources

* "Labhardt, Emanuel". SIKART Lexicon on art in Switzerland.
* Manfred Weigele: Emanuel Labhardt, Landschaftsmaler aus Steckborn. Museum im Turmhof, Steckborn 2010, ISBN 978-3-033-02440-3 (Exhibition catalog). (Online).
# Elsbeth Steinheil

Elsbeth Steinheil (married name Franz) (10 July 1893 - 1955) was the first German woman to graduate in mechanical engineering, qualifying in 1917 from the Technical University of Munich.

## Early life and education

Steinheil was born on 10 July 1893 in Munich, to Emmy (née von Voit) and physicist Rudolf Steinheil, the eldest of five daughters. Her maternal grandfather was physiologist and dietitian Carl von Voit, and her maternal great-grandfather was architect August von Voit.
Steinheil attended the Städtische Höhere Töchterschule in Munich, and from 1909 to 1913 she attended grammar school courses for women at a private grammar school in Munich. In 1913, she passed her Abitur (secondary education examinations) as an external student at the Wittelsbacher Gymnasium.
Steinheil then studied mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Munich. Her father encouraged her studies and her four sisters also attended university. She graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1917, the first German woman to achieve this.

## Career

After graduating, she worked in her father's family company, "Optical-astronomic Anstalt CA Steinheil & Söhne", founded by her paternal great-grandfather Carl August von Steinheil. In 1918, she married Ludwig Franz, a graduate engineer who was chief engineer in her father's company. In 1918, in his speech at her wedding, Rudolf Steinheil said "If nowadays someone has no son but a daughter and a profession in which he needs help and a successor, then he simply lets his daughter learn the necessary things and everything is won." Elsbeth stopped working at the company shortly after she married, which disappointed her father, who lamented her "relapse into atavistic tendencies".

## Later life

She died in 1955.

## Commemoration

Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) named a room for Steinheil in 2022, alongside ones for Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff, the first woman in Germany to earn a degree from a technical university, graduating in architecture in 1911, and Verena Wein-Wilke, who was the first woman to graduate from the TUHH, also in architecture.
# EyeHarp

The EyeHarp is an electronic musical instrument controlled by the player's eye or head movements. It combines eye tracking hardware and specially designed software, which has one component for defining chords and arpeggios, and another to change those definitions and play melodies. People with severely impaired motor function can use this instrument to play music or as an aid to learning or composition.

## History

The idea for the EyeHarp was born in 2010 when a friend of musician and computer scientist Zacharias Vamvakousis was involved in a serious motorcycle accident which left him quadriplegic. Vamvakousis noticed a distinct lack of accessible musical instruments for people with disabilities, so he began designing the EyeHarp to create opportunities for people with physical disabilities to make music. The development of the EyeHarp started in 2011 in Barcelona under the auspices of Pompeu Fabra University.
In 2019, Vamvakousis founded the EyeHarp association, a non-profit organisation which works to give people with disabilities access to cheap musical education and assistive technology.
# 1894 in Norwegian music

The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1894 in Norwegian music.

## Events

* Pianist Erika Nissen (1845-1903) is granted an artist's scholarship by the Norwegian state.

## Deaths
### June

* 1 – Sophie Dedekam, composer and diarist (born 1820).

## Births
### April

* 13 – Ludvig Irgens-Jensen, twentieth-century composer (died 1969).
# Rollin C. Richmond

Rollin Charles Richmond was the president of Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata, California from May 2002 to July 2014. Before taking that position he was provost and genetics professor at Iowa State University, leading research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit flies evolution and effects of cocaine on Drosophila. He has also served in various positions at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, the University of South Florida, and Indiana University.
The November 7, 2007 issue of the Cal Poly Humboldt weekly student-run paper, The Lumberjack, reported that the Academic Senate at Cal Poly Humboldt voted by 56% to issue a vote of no confidence in Rollin Richmond's leadership.
Under his leadership Cal Poly Humboldt was recently reaccredited for ten years (maximum possible) by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. They noted that significant change must occur at Cal Poly Humboldt including a reformulation of shared governance.
# Cooperative distributed problem solving

In computing cooperative distributed problem solving is a network of semi-autonomous processing nodes working together to solve a problem, typically in a multi-agent system. That is concerned with the investigation of problem subdivision, sub-problem distribution, results synthesis, optimisation of problem solver coherence and co-ordination. It is closely related to distributed constraint programming and distributed constraint optimization; see the links below.

## Aspects of CDPS

* Neither global control or global data storage – no individual CDPS problem solver (agent) has sufficient information to solve the entire problem.
* Control and data are distributed
* Communication is slower than computation, therefore:
** Loose coupling between problem solvers
** Efficient protocols (not too much communication overhead)
** problems should be modular, coarse grained
* Any unique node is a potential bottleneck
** Organised behaviour is hard to guarantee since no one node has the complete picture