# Connecticut Open (tennis)

The Connecticut Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts under various names and in various venues from 1948 until 2019.
It was most recently a Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour, held annually at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, just before the fourth and last Grand Slam tournament of the year, the US Open. From 2005 through 2010, the tournament was also part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour.
In 2019, the tournament sanction was sold to APG, a sports and entertainment company, which transferred it to Zhengzhou, China.

## History

The tournament was created in 1948 as the U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships and first played in Sacramento, California, in the United States. Over the 20 years of its first run, the event was held in various locations in the western United States: San Francisco; Berkeley, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; Seattle, Washington; La Jolla, California; and Denver, Colorado. Among the winners of the event were Doris Hart, Darlene Hard, Nancy Richey, Rosemary Casals, Billie Jean King, and Jane Bartkowicz. The event was discontinued in 1969 after the beginning of the Open Era.
In 1988, the United States Tennis Association (USTA) reinstated the tournament. The first edition of the new U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships was held that year in San Antonio, Texas, first as part of Tier IV of the WTA Tour, then as an upgraded Tier III event in 1990. The championships were sponsored by Post Cereals in 1990 and by Acura from 1992 to 1994. Over the first years of its second run, the tournament was won by several past or future World No. 1s, including Steffi Graf, Monica Seles, and Martina Navratilova. The event was held in Stratton Mountain, Vermont, in 1993 and 1994, but conflicts with the 1996 Summer Olympics prevented the tournament from being held the following two years. In 1997, the event returned again, now within Tier II and first in Stone Mountain, Georgia, then settling in 1998 in New Haven, Connecticut, under the new sponsorship of Pilot Pen. In the first years of its run in New Haven, the renamed Pilot Pen International saw its competition dominated by Lindsay Davenport (four-time runner-up in New Haven, one previous time in Stone Mountain, and 2005 champion) and Venus Williams (four-time champion from 1999 to 2002).
New Haven was already host to a men's tournament, the Pilot Pen International. It was created in 1973 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, as the Volvo International, and moved to Connecticut in 1990, where it took Pilot Pen sponsorship in 1997. When the men's event was cancelled in 1999, the women's Pilot Pen tournament remained the only one of the region.
In 2005, the USTA purchased the men's tournament of Long Island, New York, and merged it with the women's Pilot Pen International to create Pilot Pen Tennis, the first large joint ATP–WTA tournament leading to the US Open. The tournament became the last event of the US Open Series and continued to attract top players, including champions Caroline Wozniacki, Svetlana Kuznetsova, James Blake, Justine Henin, and Nikolay Davydenko.
In 2011, after the men's competition moved to Winston-Salem, the newly women's-only event was renamed the New Haven Open at Yale. In 2014, it was renamed the Connecticut Open.
In 2019, the Connecticut Open ended due to a lack of funding. The tournament's sanction was sold and assigned to Zhengzhou, China, after the 2019 US Open. In 2021, the Tennis in the Land tournament in Cleveland took over its former spot on the WTA schedule.

## Past finals
### Women's singles

| Location | Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| San Francisco | 1948* | Gussie Moran | Virginia Wolfenden Kovacs | 2–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| San Francisco | 1949* | Doris Hart | Dorothy Head Knode | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Berkeley, California | 1950* | Patricia Canning Todd | Magda Rurac | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Salt Lake City | 1951 | Patricia Canning Todd (2) | Anita Kanter | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Seattle | 1952 | Mary Arnold Prentiss | Anita Kanter | 6–1, 8–6 |
| Salt Like City | 1953 | Anita Kanter | Joan Merciadis | 6–0, 6–4 |
| Salt Like City | 1954 | Beverly Baker Fleitz | Barbara Green | 6–1, 6–3 |
| La Jolla, California | 1955 | Mimi Arnold | Patricia Canning Todd | 6–0, 6–0 |
| La Jolla, California | 1956 | Nancy Chaffee Kiner | Patricia Canning Todd | 6–4, 5–7, 7–5 |
| La Jolla, California | 1957 | Beverly Baker Fleitz (2) | Mimi Arnold | 6–1, 6–1 |
| La Jolla, California | 1958 | Beverly Baker Fleitz (3) | Karen Hantze | 6–1, 8–6 |
| Denver, Colorado | 1959 | Sandra Reynolds | Beverly Baker Fleitz | 6–3, 6–2 |
| La Jolla, California | 1960 | Katherine D. Chabot | Karen Hantze | 4–6, 7–5, 7–5 |
| La Jolla, California | 1961 | Nancy Richey | Dorothy Head Knode | 6–1, 6–1 |
| Seattle | 1962 | Carol Hanks | Marilyn Montgomery | 7–5, 6–3 |
| La Jolla, California | 1963 | Darlene Hard | Tory Fretz | 6–1, 8–6 |
| Sacramento, California | 1964 | Kathleen Harter | Kathy Blake | 6–1, 6–0 |
| Sacramento, California | 1965 | Rosemary Casals | Kathleen Harter | 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 |
| La Jolla, California | 1966 | Billie Jean King | Patti Hogan | 7–5, 6–0 |
| Sacramento, California | 1967 | Jane "Peaches" Bartkowicz | Valerie Ziegenfuss | 6–4, 6–4 |
| La Jolla, California | 1968 | Maryna Godwin | Janet Newberry | 6–3, 8–6 |
| Sacramento, California | 1969 | Eliza Pande | Kristien Kemmer | 7–5, 6–4 |
| | 1970– 1987 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| San Antonio, Texas | 1988 | Steffi Graf | Katerina Maleeva | 6–4, 6–1 |
| San Antonio, Texas | 1989 | Steffi Graf (2) | Ann Henricksson | 6–1, 6–4 |
| San Antonio, Texas | 1990 | Monica Seles | Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière | 6–4, 6–3 |
| San Antonio, Texas | 1991 | Steffi Graf (3) | Monica Seles | 6–4, 6–3 |
| San Antonio, Texas | 1992 | Martina Navratilova | Nathalie Tauziat | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Stratton Mountain, Vermont | 1993 | Conchita Martínez | Zina Garrison | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Stratton Mountain, Vermont | 1994 | Conchita Martínez (2) | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| | 1995 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| | 1996 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| Stone Mountain, Georgia | 1997 | Lindsay Davenport | Sandrine Testud | 6–4, 6–1 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 1998 | Steffi Graf (4) | Jana Novotná | 6–4, 6–1 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 1999 | Venus Williams | Lindsay Davenport | 6–2, 7–5 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2000 | Venus Williams (2) | Monica Seles | 6–2, 6–4 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2001 | Venus Williams (3) | Lindsay Davenport | 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 6–4 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2002 | Venus Williams (4) | Lindsay Davenport | 7–5, 6–0 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2003 | Jennifer Capriati | Lindsay Davenport | 6–2, 4–0 retired |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2004 | Elena Bovina | Nathalie Dechy | 6–2, 2–6, 7–5 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2005 | Lindsay Davenport (2) | Amélie Mauresmo | 6–4, 6–4 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2006 | Justine Henin | Lindsay Davenport | 6–0, 1–0 retired |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2007 | Svetlana Kuznetsova | Ágnes Szávay | 4–6, 3–0 retired |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2008 | Caroline Wozniacki | Anna Chakvetadze | 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2009 | Caroline Wozniacki (2) | Elena Vesnina | 6–2, 6–4 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2010 | Caroline Wozniacki (3) | Nadia Petrova | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2011 | Caroline Wozniacki (4) | Petra Cetkovská | 6–4, 6–1 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2012 | Petra Kvitová | Maria Kirilenko | 7–6$^{(11–9)}$, 7–5 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2013 | Simona Halep | Petra Kvitová | 6–2, 6–2 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2014 | Petra Kvitová (2) | Magdaléna Rybáriková | 6–4, 6–2 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2015 | Petra Kvitová (3) | Lucie Šafářová | 6–7$^{(6–8)}$, 6–2, 6–2 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2016 | Agnieszka Radwańska | Elina Svitolina | 6–1, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2017 | Daria Gavrilova | Dominika Cibulková | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 2018 | Aryna Sabalenka | Carla Suárez Navarro | 6–1, 6–4 |
* From 1948 through 1950, the U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships were a combined event with the Pacific Coast Championships.

### Women's doubles

| Location | Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| New Haven | 2018 | Andrea Sestini Hlaváčková Barbora Strýcová | Hsieh Su-wei Laura Siegemund | 6–4, 6–7$^{(7–9)}$, [10–4] |
| New Haven | 2017 | Gabriela Dabrowski Xu Yifan | Ashleigh Barty Casey Dellacqua | 3–6, 6–3, [10–8] |
| New Haven | 2016 | Sania Mirza (3) Monica Niculescu | Kateryna Bondarenko Chuang Chia-jung | 7–5, 6–4 |
| New Haven | 2015 | Julia Görges Lucie Hradecká | Chuang Chia-jung Liang Chen | 6–3, 6–1 |
| New Haven | 2014 | Andreja Klepač Sílvia Soler Espinosa | Marina Erakovic Arantxa Parra Santonja | 7–5, 4–6, [10–7] |
| New Haven | 2013 | Sania Mirza (2) Zheng Jie (2) | Anabel Medina Garrigues Katarina Srebotnik | 6–3, 6–4 |
| New Haven | 2012 | Liezel Huber Lisa Raymond (4) | Andrea Hlaváčková Lucie Hradecká | 4–6, 6–0, [10–4] |
| New Haven | 2011 | Chuang Chia-jung Olga Govortsova | Sara Errani Roberta Vinci | 7–5, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2010 | Květa Peschke Katarina Srebotnik | Bethanie Mattek-Sands Meghann Shaughnessy | 7–5, 6–0 |
| New Haven | 2009 | Nuria Llagostera Vives María José Martínez Sánchez | Iveta Benešová Lucie Hradecká | 6–2, 7–5 |
| New Haven | 2008 | Květa Peschke Lisa Raymond (3) | Sorana Cîrstea Monica Niculescu | 4–6, 7–5, [10–7] |
| New Haven | 2007 | Sania Mirza Mara Santangelo | Cara Black Liezel Huber | 6–1, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2006 | Yan Zi Zheng Jie | Lisa Raymond Samantha Stosur | 6–4, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2005 | Lisa Raymond (2) Samantha Stosur | Gisela Dulko Maria Kirilenko | 6–2, 6–7$^{(1–7)}$, 6–1 |
| New Haven | 2004 | Nadia Petrova Meghann Shaughnessy | Martina Navratilova Lisa Raymond | 6–1, 1–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| New Haven | 2003 | Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez | Alicia Molik Magüi Serna | 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 6–3 |
| New Haven | 2002 | Daniela Hantuchová Arantxa Sánchez Vicario | Tathiana Garbin Janette Husárová | 7–6, 1–6, 7–5 |
| New Haven | 2001 | Cara Black Elena Likhovtseva | Jelena Dokić Nadia Petrova | 6–0, 3–6, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2000 | Julie Halard-Decugis Ai Sugiyama | Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez | 6–4, 5–7, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 1999 | Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs | Elena Likhovtseva Jana Novotná | 7–6$^{(7–1)}$, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 1998 | Alexandra Fusai Nathalie Tauziat | Mariaan de Swardt Jana Novotná | 6–1, 6–0 |
| Stone Mt. | 1997 | Nicole Arendt Manon Bollegraf | Alexandra Fusai Nathalie Tauziat | 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 6–3, 6–2 |
| | 1996 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| | 1995 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| Stratton Mountain | 1994 | Elizabeth Sayers-Smylie (2) Pam Shriver (3) | Conchita Martínez Arantxa Sánchez Vicario | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 2–6, 7–5 |
| Stratton Mountain | 1993 | Elizabeth Sayers-Smylie Helena Suková (2) | Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière Mercedes Paz | 6–1, 6–2 |
| San Antonio | 1992 | Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver (2) | Patty Fendick Andrea Strnadová | 3–6, 6–2, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| San Antonio | 1991 | Patty Fendick Monica Seles | Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi | 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–2 |
| San Antonio | 1990 | Kathy Jordan Elizabeth Sayers-Smylie | Gigi Fernández Robin White | 7–5, 7–5 |
| San Antonio | 1989 | Katrina Adams Pam Shriver | Patty Fendick Jill Hetherington | 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |
| San Antonio | 1988 | Lori McNeil Helena Suková | Rosalyn Fairbank Gretchen Rush-Magers | 6–3, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 6–2 |

### Men's singles

| Location | Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1981 | Brian Teacher | Yannick Noah | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1982 | Gene Mayer | Johan Kriek | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1983 | Gene Mayer | Heinz Günthardt | 6–7$^{(9–11)}$, 6–4, 6–0 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1984 | Ivan Lendl | Andrés Gómez | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1985 | Ivan Lendl | Jimmy Connors | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1986 | Ivan Lendl | John McEnroe | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1987 | Jonas Svensson | David Pate | 7–6, 3–6, 6–3 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1988 | Andre Agassi | Yannick Noah | 6–3, 0–6, 6–4 |
| Long Island (exhibition) | 1989 | Ivan Lendl | Mikael Pernfors | 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 1990 | Stefan Edberg | Goran Ivanišević | 7–6, 6–3 |
| Long Island | 1991 | Ivan Lendl | Stefan Edberg | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1992 | Petr Korda | Ivan Lendl | 6–2, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1993 | Marc Rosset | Michael Chang | 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 |
| Long Island | 1994 | Yevgeny Kafelnikov | Cédric Pioline | 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1995 | Yevgeny Kafelnikov | Jan Siemerink | 7–6$^{(7–0)}$, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1996 | Andrei Medvedev | Martin Damm | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Long Island | 1997 | Carlos Moyá | Patrick Rafter | 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–1)}$ |
| Long Island | 1998 | Patrick Rafter | Félix Mantilla | 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1999 | Magnus Norman | Àlex Corretja | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 4–6, 6–3 |
| Long Island | 2000 | Magnus Norman | Thomas Enqvist | 6–3, 5–7, 7–5 |
| Long Island | 2001 | Tommy Haas | Pete Sampras | 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 2002 | Paradorn Srichaphan | Juan Ignacio Chela | 5–7, 6–2, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 2003 | Paradorn Srichaphan | James Blake | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 2004 | Lleyton Hewitt | Luis Horna | 6–3, 6–1 |
| New Haven | 2005 | James Blake | Feliciano López | 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 |
| New Haven | 2006 | Nikolay Davydenko | Agustín Calleri | 6–4, 6–3 |
| New Haven | 2007 | James Blake | Mardy Fish | 7–5, 6–4 |
| New Haven | 2008 | Marin Čilić | Mardy Fish | 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2009 | Fernando Verdasco | Sam Querrey | 6–4, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$ |
| New Haven | 2010 | Sergiy Stakhovsky | Denis Istomin | 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 |

### Men's doubles

| Location | Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| Long Island | 1990 | Guy Forget Jakob Hlasek | Udo Riglewski Michael Stich | 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 1991 | Eric Jelen Carl-Uwe Steeb | Doug Flach Diego Nargiso | 0–6, 6–4, 7–6 |
| Long Island | 1992 | Francisco Montana Greg Van Emburgh | Gianluca Pozzi Olli Rahnasto | 6–4, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1993 | Marc-Kevin Goellner David Prinosil | Arnaud Boetsch Olivier Delaître | 6–7, 7–5, 6–2 |
| Long Island | 1994 | Olivier Delaître Guy Forget | Andrew Florent Mark Petchey | 6–4, 7–6 |
| Long Island | 1995 | Cyril Suk Daniel Vacek | Rick Leach Scott Melville | 5–7, 7–6, 7–6 |
| Long Island | 1996 | Luke Jensen Murphy Jensen | Hendrik Dreekmann Alexander Volkov | 6–3, 7–6 |
| Long Island | 1997 | Marcos Ondruska David Prinosil | Mark Keil T. J. Middleton | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 1998 | Julian Alonso Javier Sánchez | Brandon Coupe Dave Randall | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 1999 | Olivier Delaître Fabrice Santoro | Jan-Michael Gambill Scott Humphries | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 2000 | Jonathan Stark Kevin Ullyett | Jan-Michael Gambill Scott Humphries | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 2001 | Jonathan Stark Kevin Ullyett | Leoš Friedl Radek Štěpánek | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 2002 | Mahesh Bhupathi Mike Bryan | Petr Pála Pavel Vízner | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Long Island | 2003 | Robbie Koenig Martín Rodríguez | Martin Damm Cyril Suk | 6–3, 7–6 |
| Long Island | 2004 | Antony Dupuis Michaël Llodra | Yves Allegro Michael Kohlmann | 6–2, 6–4 |
| New Haven | 2005 | Gastón Etlis Martín Rodríguez | Rajeev Ram Bobby Reynolds | 6–4, 6–3 |
| New Haven | 2006 | Jonathan Erlich Andy Ram | Mariusz Fyrstenberg Marcin Matkowski | 6–3, 6–3 |
| New Haven | 2007 | Mahesh Bhupathi Nenad Zimonjić | Mariusz Fyrstenberg Marcin Matkowski | 6–3, 6–3 |
| New Haven | 2008 | Marcelo Melo André Sá | Mahesh Bhupathi Mark Knowles | 7–5, 6–2 |
| New Haven | 2009 | Julian Knowle Jürgen Melzer | Bruno Soares Kevin Ullyett | 6–4, 7–6$^{(7-3)}$ |
| New Haven | 2010 | Robert Lindstedt Horia Tecău | Rohan Bopanna Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi | 6–4, 7–5 |

## 2011 earthquake

On August 23, 2011, 1:51 PM local time a 5.8 magnitude earthquake in Virginia stopped play for two hours while the main stadium was checked for damage by the fire department.