OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona

Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43 (1996), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that Article III required standing for each stage of litigation, rather than just when a complaint is filed.

## Background

In 1988, ballot initiative Proposition 106, mandating that state employees speak only English on the job passed with 50.5% of the vote. Arizona insurance claims manager Maria-Kelly Yniguez sued to overturn this law because she was concerned that she would be fired for speaking Spanish to claimants. However, on February 6, 1990, judge Paul Rosenblatt of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona ruled that the law violated the free speech clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The group Arizonans for Official English appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and on December 7, 1994, that court upheld the Arizona federal court ruling. The U.S. Supreme Court accepted an appeal of the Ninth Circuit ruling on March 26, 1996.

## Opinion of the Court

Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote for a unanimous court:
   Federal courts lack competence to rule definitively on the meaning of state legislation, see, e.g., Reetz v. Bozanich, 397 U.S. 82, 86-87, 25 L. Ed. 2d 68, 90 S. Ct. 788 (1970), nor may they adjudicate challenges to state measures absent a showing of actual impact on the challenger, see, e.g., Golden v. Zwickler, 394 U.S. 103, 110, 22 L. Ed. 2d 113, 89 S. Ct. 956 (1969). The Ninth Circuit, in the case at hand, lost sight of these limitations. The initiating plaintiff, Maria-Kelly F. Yniguez, sought federal-court resolution of a novel question: the compatibility with the Federal Constitution of a 1988 amendment to Arizona's Constitution declaring English "the official language of the State of Arizona"-- "the language of . . . all government functions and actions." Ariz. Const., Art. XXVIII, §§ 1(1), 1(2). Participants in the federal litigation, proceeding without benefit of the views of the Arizona Supreme Court, expressed diverse opinions on the meaning of the amendment. ...
   The Ninth Circuit had no warrant to proceed as it did. The case had lost the essential elements of a justiciable controversy and should not have been retained for adjudication on the merits by the Court of Appeals. We therefore vacate the Ninth Circuit's judgment, and remand the case to that court with directions that the action be dismissed by the District Court. We express no view on the correct interpretation of Article XXVIII or on the measure's constitutionality.
Furthermore, the court ruled Yniguez's complaint moot given that she resigned seven years before this decision.

## Subsequent developments

In 1999, the Supreme Court declined to hear another appeal by Arizonans for Official English in a case in which the Arizona Supreme Court overturned Proposition 106.
In 2006, Arizona voters passed Proposition 103 with 74% of the vote, requiring "all official actions of the government be conducted in English" with exceptions for certain duties.
# Army Intelligence Service

Servicio de Inteligencia del Ejército (Army Intelligence Service, SIE) is the Argentine Army's intelligence agency. It is a division of J-2 and reports to the Army's Jefatura II (the General Staff's intelligence service).
The Service is composite of 11 Intelligence Companies, 30 Independent Intelligence Platoons, 1 Intelligence Support Group, 1 Military Intelligence Collector Centre, 3 Division Intelligence Collection Centre, and 2 Combat Army Intelligence Detachment (601 & 602), two units of special intelligence operations.

## Intelligence Units

| Unit | Command | Place | Province |
| 1st Intelligence Company | I Armored Brigade | Tandil | Buenos Aires |
| 2nd Intelligence Company | II Armored Brigade | Santa Fe | Santa Fe |
| 3rd Intelligence Company | III Jungle Brigade | Resistencia | Chaco |
| 4th Intelligence Company | IV Parachute Brigade | Córdoba | Córdoba |
| 5th Intelligence Company | V Mountain Brigade | Salta | Salta |
| 6th Intelligence Company | VI Mountain Brigade | Neuquén | Neuquén |
| 8th Intelligence Company | VIII Mountain Brigade | Mendoza | Mendoza |
| 9th Intelligence Company | IX Mechanized Brigade | Comodoro Rivadavia | Chubut |
| 10th Intelligence Company | X Mechanized Brigade | Santa Rosa | La Pampa |
| 11th Intelligence Company | XI Mechanized Brigade | Río Gallegos | Santa Cruz |
| 12th Intelligence Company | XII Jungle Brigade | Posadas | Misiones |
| 121st Division Intelligence Collection Centre | I Army Division | Curuzú Cuatiá | Corrientes |
| 141st Division Intelligence Collection Centre | II Army Division | Córdoba | Córdoba |
| 181st Division Intelligence Collection Centre | III Army Division | Bahía Blanca | Buenos Aires |
| Military Intelligence Centre | J-II Army | Campo de Mayo | Buenos Aires |
| 601st Combat Army Intelligence Detachment | J-II Army | Campo de Mayo | Buenos Aires |
| 602nd Combat Army Intelligence Detachment | J-II Army | Holmberg | Córdoba |
| Intelligence Support Battalion | J-II Army | Campo de Mayo | Buenos Aires |
# Argyroeides notha

Argyroeides notha is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1911. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Argyroeides ortona

Argyroeides ortona is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1893. It is found in Ecuador.
# Armenian tiara

In scholarship, the term Armenian tiara is used to refer to a spikey tiara that was characteristic of the coinage of Armenia during the Late Hellenistic period. It originated from the insignia used by the royal and satrapal authority in the Achaemenid Empire. The best known example was the one worn by the Artaxiad king of Armenia, Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55 BC).
The tiara was notably worn by Monobaz I, the king of Adiabene. It may have been done as part of propaganda to display that his kingdom had replaced Armenia as a regional power in the Near East.
Antiochus I of Commagene (r. 70–31 BC), the king of Commagene, adopted this tiara as an insignia of dominant power. The tiara, which he calls a kitaris was seen by him as a manifestation of the Persian and Orontid legacies.
# Ari Pulkkinen

Ari Pulkkinen (born 15 January 1982) is a Finnish video game composer, musician and sound designer. He is best known for his work on music for the Angry Birds series, mainly the song "Angry Birds Theme".

## Biography

Pulkkinen was born in Helsinki. At the age of 6, he started studying piano and composed his first song at the age of 12. He was interested in the computer music demoscene and started making music with tracker software under the name "ArtZ" and "DJartz". He won many music competitions and made his first big public album to accompany a freeware game titled Starfight VI: Gatekeepers in 1999. Ari has never studied music composition academically.
In 2003, he was hired as in-house audio director to game development company Frozenbyte Inc. Where he made the original soundtracks and sound design for video games Shadowgrounds, Shadowgrounds: Survivor and Trine. In his spare time, Ari earned diplomas in Professional Audio Design and Producing and Further Education for Producers and Leads of the Finnish Game Industry with Adulta, and Music Technology with Sibelius Academy. After quitting Frozenbyte in 2008 (though he continues to have a professional relationship with them), Ari started his own sound production company AriTunes. Since then, he has made original soundtrack and sound design for over twenty projects, including video games such as Angry Birds, Dead Nation, Trine 2, Outland and Super Stardust HD. Ari released his music through AriTunes.
On 2 September 2011 in Video Game Heroes Concert, "Angry Birds Theme" was played by London Philharmonic Orchestra. This is the first time Ari's music was played by a full live orchestra.
On 4 October 2011, Ari won the Best Finnish Game Developer in 2011 Award due to his contribution in the Finnish game industry.

## Works

| Year | Title |
| 2000 | Starfight VI: Gatekeepers |
| 2005 | Shadowgrounds |
| 2007 | Super Stardust HD |
| 2007 | Shadowgrounds: Survivor |
| 2009 | Trine |
| 2009 | Angry Birds |
| 2010 | Angry Birds Seasons |
| 2010 | Dead Nation |
| 2011 | Outland |
| 2011 | Bike Baron |
| 2011 | Trine 2 |
| 2012 |
| 2012 | Super Stardust Delta |
| 2012 | Trine 2: Goblin Menace |
| 2012 | Angry Birds Trilogy |
| 2013 | Resogun |
| 2015 | Just Dance 2016 |
| 2016 | Alienation |
| 2017 |
| 2017 | Nex Machina |
| 2017 | Nine Parchments |
| 2019 | Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince |
| 2023 | Trine 5: A Clockwork Conspiracy |

## Noteworthy competition entries

* Assembly 2009 Music Compo – Rtzon King – Sovietski Electro (2nd place)
* Assembly 2004 Fast Music Compo – Summer Rain (1st place)
* Assembly 2003 Fast Music Compo – Back To the Roots (1st place)
* Assembly 2002 Fast Music Compo – Karjalan Haamu (2nd place)
* Assembly 2001 Fast Music Compo – Comrades (1st place)
# Arne Bergseng

Arne Bergseng (born 22 March 1961) is a former Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Lillehammer, Norway, and is the brother of Lars Bergseng. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, an aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.56) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl $\rightleftharpoons$ N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl and N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl, whereas its two products are N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl and N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl:N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl O-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include aromatic hydroxylamine acetyltransferase, arylhydroxamate acyltransferase, arylhydroxamate N,O-acetyltransferase, arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acetyltransferase, arylhydroxamic acyltransferase, N,O-acetyltransferase, and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene N-O acyltransferase.
# Arisa Andō

Arisa Andō (安藤 ありさ, Andō Arisa, born March 5, 1961) is a former Japanese voice actress.

## Notable roles
### Anime television

* Anpanman – Onion Demon
* Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!! – As R
* Highschool! Kimen-gumi – Hiro as a child
* Domain of Murder – Sayoko Tōyama
* Plawres Sanshiro – Kyōko Fubuki
* Fist of the North Star – Airi
* Noozles – Sandy

### OVA

* Eternal Filena – Filena
* JoJo's Bizarre Adventure – Holly Kujo
* Dōkyūsei – Mako Saitō
* Fight! Iczer One – Sepia
* RG Veda – Kendappa-ō
* Cream Lemon - Kyōko Terasawa, Rie Komatsuzaki, Yulia, Mako, Arisa Ayukawa

### Anime films

* Fist of the North Star – Airi

### Dubbing

* Dragon Fist – Zhuang Meng-lan (Nora Miao)
# Arisa's Favorite: T.K. Songs

Arisa's Favorite: T.K. Songs is the second compilation album by Japanese recording artist Arisa Mizuki, released through Nippon Columbia on November 27, 1996. The twelve-track set is a collection of songs written and produced by Tetsuya Komuro, selected from Mizuki's past albums and singles. The compilation is Mizuki's last album on which she is credited as Arisa Mizuki.
The Komuro-produced "Promise to Promise," which was released four months prior to the compilation was included on the album in the form of a remix. The original version, which peaked at number 17 on the Oricon Weekly Singles chart, selling over 140,000 copies and becoming Mizuki's first single to enter the top twenty since "Dakishimete!" (1995), was later included on Mizuki's third compilation album Fiore II.
CDJournal described the Arisa's Favorite: T.K. Songs as an album that "traces the growth of Mizuki and the evolution of Komuro's sound." The compilation debuted at number 19 on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart with 21,950 copies in its first week, becoming her first album in three years to debut in the top twenty, since Fiore, and overall fourth and last album to do so.

## Commercial performance

Arisa's Favorite: T.K. Songs debuted on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart at number 19 with 21,950 copies sold in its first week. The album fell eleven spots to number 30 on its second week, selling 10,130 copies, before dropping out of the top thirty the following week. The album charted for four weeks and has sold a total of 43,180 copies.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tetsuya Komuro except track one, which is written by Mitsuko Komuro, track nine, which is written by Takahiro Maeda, track eleven, which is composed by Cozy Kubo, and track twelve which is co-written by Maeda

## Charts and sales

| Chart (1996) | Peak position | Sales |
| Oricon Weekly Albums | 19 | 43,180 |
# Arthmius morsus

Arthmius morsus is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in North America.
# Arthroleptella rugosa

Arthroleptella rugosa is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to South Africa and only known from the Klein Swartberg Mountain, an inselberg near Caledon, Western Cape. The specific name rugosa is Latin for wrinkled or rough and refers to the rough appearance of this species (caused by distinct glandular tubercles ) as well as its rough sounding advertisement call. Accordingly, the common name rough moss frog has been suggested for it.

## Description

Arthroleptella rugosa are small frogs. Males in the type series measured 11.9–14.1 mm (0.47–0.56 in) and the single female 15.5 mm (0.61 in) in snout–vent length. There are a large number of very distinct glandular protuberances on the dorsal surfaces, distinct from all other Arthroleptella species. The limbs are relatively short. Adults are uniform dark chocolate brown in colour, with slightly paler, irregular dorsolateral bands that may become visible under bright lighting conditions. The sole female was densely speckled dark and light grey.
The typical male advertisement call is a "chirp", a short pulsed call of two to four pulses. The second type is a "chuckle" composed of 6–10 pulsed notes, making rough, squeaky sounding chirp that is quite different from the calls in other Arthroleptella species. The chuckle may precede the typical chirp call or an aggression call.
A single clutch of seven eggs has been observed. The tadpoles do not swim; instead they remain almost sedentary on a moist substrate until metamorphosing approximately 3 weeks after hatching. The tadpoles do not have a functional mouth.

## Habitat and conservation

Arthroleptella rugosa inhabit fynbos heathland vegetation and can be found in dense Restionaceae stands very near seepages at elevations of 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft) above sea level.
The habitat is under severe threat from fire and invasive plant species. In addition, the species has very small extent of occurrence (searches on neighbouring mountains have not revealed any specimens), and has therefore been assessed as "Critically Endangered".
# Cyprus national football team results

Cyprus national football team results may refer to:
* Cyprus national football team results (unofficial matches), for the list of unofficial matches
* Cyprus national football team results (1960–1969) for the list of results between 1960 and 1969
* Cyprus national football team results (1970–1989) for the list of results between 1970 and 1989
* Cyprus national football team results (1990–2009) for the list of results between 1990 and 2009
* Cyprus national football team results (2010–2019), for the list of results between 2010 and 2019
* Cyprus national football team results (2020–present), for the list of results from 2020 onwards
# Binney, Illinois

Binney is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Illinois, United States.
# 1st Foot Guards (disambiguation)

1st Foot Guards may refer to:
* Grenadier Guards, an infantry regiment of the British Army
* 1st Foot Guards (German Empire), an infantry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army formed in 1806
# Bucklebury Manor

Bucklebury Manor is a Grade II listed manor house in the civil parish of Bucklebury in the English county of Berkshire. Since 2012, it has been the home of Michael and Carole Middleton, parents of Catherine, Princess of Wales.

## History
### Manorial status

The land on which the house stands was part of the Bucklebury Estate, belonging to the Winchcombe family and their descendants for many generations. In 1830, their home, Bucklebury House, was gutted by fire and demolished shortly afterwards, leaving only servants' quarters and associated outbuildings standing. In the mid-1830s, Winchcombe Henry Howard Hartley had a smaller Georgian manor house built on the higher ground immediately south of the old house, calling it 'The Cottage'.
The Hartley family then mostly lived on their estates in Gloucestershire. However, shortly before these were sold in 1906, the chief heiress to the estates, Mrs Nina Webley-Parry, moved to the Cottage and renamed it 'Bucklebury Manor'.

### Post-manorial house

The Winchcombe descendants finally left the Manor and it ceased to be the local manor house when Major Derrick Hartley Russell restored the buildings at old Bucklebury House in 1957.
In 2012, Bucklebury Manor and its eighteen acres of grounds were purchased by Michael and Carole Middleton, the parents of Catherine, Princess of Wales.

## Architecture

The Georgian Bucklebury Manor contains within its interior an early C17 ashlar fireplace that is carved with panelled pilasters that support a rich cornice. There is also an over-mantel with shallow carved decoration, and a moulded flat arch with Delft type glazed tiles behind. There are seven bedrooms. Bucklebury Manor has been listed as Grade II by English Heritage since 22 November 1983.

## Location

Bucklebury Manor is located at Pease Hill in Bucklebury, a village in West Berkshire. The house's surrounding estate covers 18 acres.
# Aquaver

Aquaver is a cleantech company headquartered in Voorburg, Netherlands, with offices at the High Tech Campus Eindhoven. Aquaver is acknowledged to be the first company worldwide to develop commercial systems based on membrane distillation, a novel technology for water treatment.

## Technology

The technology of the Aquaver systems is based on membrane distillation. Membrane distillation combines membrane separation and distillation, with hydrophobic membranes and differences in vapour pressure. The Vacuum Multi Effect Membrane Distillation (VMEMD) configuration used in Aquaver systems adds the advantages of low-temperature operation and multi-effects to the membrane distillation characteristics. Aquaver has collaborated with memsys and Philips to develop its water treatment systems.

## Applications

Aquaver membrane distillation units are focused at desalination, industrial water treatment, and 'difficult-to-treat' waters. In February 2014 Aquaver commissioned in Gulhi, Maldives, the world's first desalination plant based on membrane distillation. The desalination plant makes use of the waste-heat produced by the existing diesel generators, which provide electricity to the island, to power the water purification process.
Aquaver is also participating with Abengoa and Masdar in a 7.9 million dollar project to develop an innovative desalination pilot plant in Ghantoot city, in Abu Dhabi’s border with Dubai. The desalination plant will have a capacity of producing 1,000 m3/d of desalted water using a hybrid system consisting in reverse osmosis in combination with an innovative membrane distillation system, provided by Aquaver, to optimize the traditional reverse osmosis process.

## Awards

Aquaver has received the Water Innovator of the Year 2013 and the Frost & Sullivan 2014 European New Product Innovation Leadership Award for the development of its membrane distillation water treatment systems.

## Merge

In 2015 Aquaver merged with memsys, which provides the membrane distillation modules used in Aquaver systems. The Aquaver management team, who started the company and brought membrane distillation to the market, has left to start other new ventures.
# Alaginella atractus

Alaginella atractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.2 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Port Alfred, South Africa.
# B40

B40, B-40, or B.40 may refer to:

## Roads

* Autovia B-40, a Spanish motorway in Catalonia
* Bundesstraße 40, a German road

## In Science

* Borospherene, B$_{40}$, an allotropic cage-like molecule of pure boron
* HLA-B40, an HLA-B serotype

## Military

* Vietnamese designation of the RPG-2, the first rocket-propelled grenade launcher designed in the Soviet Union
* BSA B40, a 350cc British motorcycle
* Blackburn B.40, an experimental Blackburn flying boat
* Rolls-Royce B40 Engine, an inline-four petrol engine primarily used in the Austin Champ
* Unterseeboot B-40, World War I Imperial Germany Navy submarine U-boat
* YB-40 Flying Fortress, an aircraft

## Other

* 40 amp, type B – a standard circuit breaker current rating
* B40 Balkan Cities Network, an intercity organization between Balkans cities
* Sicilian Defence, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code
# Brighton City Airways

City Airways Limited, trading as Brighton City Airways, was a short-lived British virtual airline that sold tickets for one route, Shoreham Airport (West Sussex) to Cormeilles Aerodrome, Pontoise, 16 miles (26 km) north west of Paris, France, between March 2013 and May 2013.
As a virtual and unlicensed airline the route was operated by Van Air Europe.

## History

Brighton City Airways was launched in November 2012 as a trading name for City Airways Limited. The company commenced operations on 6 March 2013. Van Air Europe, a Czech airline, operated a Let L-410 Turbolet, a small 19-seater commuter aircraft, to operate the route on behalf of Brighton City Airways.
Service commenced on 6 March 2013 and was suspended on 6 May 2013 with no date for a resumption of flights. The company indicated that the suspension was due to "ongoing French Customs and Immigration delays in setting up a point of entry at Paris Pontoise airport". The flights had been obliged to land at a customs airport in France first to clear customs, usually Rouen Airport or Le Touquet – Côte d'Opale Airport.
# BC Rasai

BC Rasai is a professional Raseiniai, Lithuania basketball club, currently playing in National Basketball League.

## Roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

## Club achievements

* 2014-2015 season: NKL Round of 16

## Notable players and coaches

* Giedrius Kurtinaitis
* Karolis Guščikas