OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dorothy Steeves

Dorothy Gretchen Steeves (née Biersteker; May 26, 1891 – May 9, 1978) was a Dutch-born political figure in British Columbia. She represented North Vancouver in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1934 to 1945 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member.
She was born in Amsterdam and was educated there, receiving a Bachelor of Laws degree from Leiden University. During World War I, she was legal adviser to a Dutch government rationing bureau. She married Rufus Palmer Steeves, an officer in the Canadian Army, and came to Vancouver, British Columbia in January 1919. Steeves was a founding member of the CCF. She ran unsuccessfully as a CCF candidate in the provincial riding of Vancouver-Point Grey in the 1933 general election. Steeves was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1934 by-election held following the death of Harley Christian Erskine Anderson. She was re-elected twice and then defeated when she ran for re-election in 1945. Steeves went on to serve in CCF executives at the provincial and federal levels. She ran unsuccessfully as a CCF candidate in the federal riding of Burnaby—Richmond in 1949 and as an NDP candidate in the federal riding of Vancouver Quadra in 1963. Provincially, she was also defeated in a 1946 byelection, the 1952 and 1953 provincial elections, and a 1956 provincial byelection. Her interests included civil liberties, international affairs, nuclear disarmament, protection of animals, women's issues and abolition of capital punishment. She died on May 9, 1978.
Steeves wrote The Compassionate Rebel : Ernest E. Winch and his times, published in 1960, and Builders and Rebels : A short History of the CCF from 1932 to 1961.
# Hermann Weller

Hermann Weller (4 February 1878 – 9 December 1956) was a German Indiologist and Neo-Latin poet born in Schwäbisch Gmünd, died in Tübingen. He is considered the Horace of the twentieth century.

## Early life

Weller's father was a businessman concerned with industrial products and a commercial traveller, and his mother was a baker's daughter from Gmünd. His parents died by 1890, so the 12-year-old was an orphan along with his eight siblings but his parents’ maid took care of the upbringing of the nine children.

## Education

Hermann Weller transferred from the Real Lyceum in Gmünd to the “Latin School” in Bad Mergentheim. In 1897, he passed the school leaving examination. Weller then studied law in Berlin and Tübingen, and then Classical Languages. In 1901 he received his doctorate in Latin and Sanskrit. In subsequent years, he completed his state examination in Latin, Greek, French and Hebrew. He also distinguished himself by a sound knowledge of English, Italian, Indian and Persian.

## Working life

After his studies in Tübingen, the classical philologist taught as a school teacher in the Ellwangen Gymnasium between 1913 and 1931. He also held a position at the Ehingen Gymnasium. In 1930 he qualified as a university teacher in Tübingen.
Weller was already so famous by 1931 that in that year the Ellwangen town council decided to name a street after him.

## The "Y Elegy"

Weller wrote the elegy in neo-Latin Y Elegy, which describes how in a poet's dream the letters of the alphabet from a volume of Horace's poetry become alive, and how A calls in a demagogic speech for the extermination of the foreign letter Y. Y escapes and tries through words (myths, mysticism, rhythm, and physics) to prove its right to exist, but the other letters do not allow themselves to be convinced, and are in the process of excluding Y. The poet asks for release and awakes from this nightmare.
Weller, a private senior lecturer, at Tübingen University, submitted the Y Elegy at the end of 1937, to the Certamen Hoeufftianum, a competition of neo-Latin poetry of the Royal Dutch Academy of Wetenschappen (KNAW) held annually in Amsterdam, which he won thirteen times in the course of his life. In 1938 Weller was awarded the Gold Medal for this text. The fact that Weller could be promoted to the position of Special Professor in the same year (despite certain doubts on account of his Catholicism) shows that knowledge of Latin among Nazi officials was not wide.
The Latin scholar, Uwe Dubielzig, recognised in 2001 that the text was a playfully disguised accusation against the ever more apparent anti-Semitism of the Nazis, the effects of which Weller could observe in his immediate surroundings of Tübingen University. Additionally, if the text cannot be read as a document of anti-fascist resistance, it is still a spirited but camouflaged document opposing the Nazi racist politics, the full brutality of which, before the pogrom of the so-called Reichskristallnacht, Weller would have underestimated, (as did Charlie Chaplin even in 1940 in his film The Great Dictator). In that sense the Y Elegy can be assessed as a remarkable testimony for 'internal emigration'.
# Mandres-sur-Vair

Mandres-sur-Vair (French pronunciation: , literally Mandres on Vair) is a commune in the Vosges département in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Inhabitants are called Mandrions.

## Unusual feature

The private school "Bienheureux Frassati" opened to students in 2007. The school, which takes its name from Pier Giorgio Frassati, is a traditional Roman Catholic school for boys, installed in a former château.
# Mawa A. Moses

Mawa A. Moses is a South Sudanese politician and Minister of Roads and Bridges for Central Equatoria State in the Transitional Government of National Unity (R-TGoNU). Moses was appointed onto the ministerial position in February 2021 when President Salva Kiir reconstituted the State Government.

## Career

Mawa A. Moses first served as the minister for information and communication for the defunct Yei River State, before President Kiir reversed the 32 States
# Dunduka

Dunduka was a king of the state of Kannauj in North India during the early 8th century CE.

## Early life

Dunduka was the son and successor of Āma, the king of Kannauj and surrounding areas during the late 8th century CE. Āma, his father, had lost control of Kannauj, and moved to Gopagiri (modern Gwalior). Being under Jain influence, Āma abdicated the throne in favour of Dunduka.

## Reign

Dunduka was an immoral and cruel person, who was the ruler of a small and reduced territory. He did not take any interest in his royal duties and neglected his queen Padma. He indulged in debauchery and was pleasure-loving. He is described as "immoral" in the Gaudavaho as well. He even made several futile attempts to kill his own son, Bhoja, who was born to Padma. Later, Dunduka was killed by his son Bhoja (not to be confused with Mihira Bhoja), for the throne.
He is considered as an unsuccessful ruler. Āma, his father, he himself, and his son Bhoja are considered as insignificant rulers, who achieved nothing important and reigned for a brief period of 15-20 years. There is no information about Bhoja's successors.

## Religion

Dunduka was a follower of Jainism and followed the monk Trivarga.
# Arminio (disambiguation)

Arminio may refer to:
* Arminio, an opera composed by George Frideric Handel
* Arminio (Biber), an opera composed by Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber
* Arminio Fraga (born 1957), Brazilian economist
* Fulgenzio Arminio Monforte (1620–1680), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Gilberto Arminio de Almeida Rêgo (1895–1970), Brazilian football referee
# Guadagna

Guadagna is a neighborhood within Palermo in the northern portion of Sicily.
38°06′00″N 13°22′09″E﻿ / ﻿38.1001°N 13.3691°E﻿ / 38.1001; 13.3691
* This Sicilian location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gracilia

Gracilia is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Gracilia minuta. It is native to Europe and has been introduced to the United States, Argentina, and Uruguay.
# Brazo Largo

Brazo Largo is a village in the municipality of Villa Paranacito in the Islas del Ibicuy department in Entre Ríos Province in north-eastern Argentina. There is a railway station some 8 km west of the village, along the General Urquiza Railway.
# Betageri Krishnasharma

Betageri Krishnasharma (16 April 1900 – 30 October 1982), popularly known by his pen name Anandakanda was a writer, editor and journalist from Karnataka. His writings included different genres such as poetry, short stories, novels, dramas, metaphors, criticism, research, folklore and autobiographies.
He called for the Unification of Karnataka.

## Literary works
### Novels

* Ashanti Parva (Historical Novel based on Vijayanagara Empire)
* Magala Maduve
* Mallikarjuna (Historical Novel based on Vijayanagara Empire)
* Rajayogi (Historical Novel based on Vijayanagara Empire)
* Sudarshana

### Collection of stories

* Badatanada Baalu Namma Baduku
* Janapada Jeevana
* Matanaduva Kallu
* Samsar Chitra (of total 7)

### Review works

* Karnataka Janajeevana
* Namma Samskriti Parampare
* Sahityavu Sagiruva Daari
* Sahitya Vihara

### Poems

* Bhakthi Kusumavali (1918)
* Kannada Nudi
* Naavu
* Odeda Kannadi

### Collection of poems

* Arunodaya
* Gandhi Geetasapthaka
* Kaara Hunnime
* Nalwadugalu
* Odanadi
* Rameyumeyara Samvada
* Rashtriya Padhyamale
* Rashtriya Padyavali
* Virahini (1935) (of total 13)

### Collection of Vachanas

* Samajika Samvachanagalu (1981)

## Awards and honours

* Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award
* Honorary Doctorate from Karnatak University
* Presided the chair of Karnataka Janapada Sammelana

## Recognition

* Kannada Pustaka Pradhikara has published a book on Dr. Betageri Krishnasharma that has been authored by Dr. Nijalingappa Mattihal
* Novelist Dr. Raghavendra Patil has authored a biography book named Anandakanda:Betageri Krishna Sharma that has been published by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi
# Děpold I of Jamnitz

Děpold I (also Děpolt, modern English Theobald) was the second son of Duke Vladislav I of Bohemia and brother of Duke and later King of Bohemia Vladislav II.
In 1145, he joined the other territorial dukes of Bohemia, Conrad II of Znojmo, Vratislaus II of Brno, and Otto III of Olomouc, to attack Jindřich (Henry) Zdík, bishop of Olomouc, and chase him from his diocese. For this, Děpold was excommunicated. Subsequently, he went on a pilgrimage to Rome for atonement.
In 1147, while his elder brother Vladislav II went on the Second Crusade as far as Byzantium, Děpold governed Bohemia. He ruled with a strong hand and prevented a seizure of power by the young Soběslav. In 1153, he married Gertrude, daughter of Albert the Bear, Margrave of Brandenburg. Afterwards, he joined his brother-in-law in military campaigns. In 1158, he went with the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa into Italy and was present at the siege of Milan. He would be the leader of several subsequent Bohemian expeditions to Italy. In 1167, he was joined by his nephew Frederick in leading a large force on behalf of King Vladislav. On that expedition, many noblemen died of an epidemic (possible plague or malaria), including Rainald of Dassel and Welf VII. Děpold was also among them.
Děpold and Gertrude had:
* Děpolt II (Theobald)
* Hedwig
# Ben Jarvis

Ben Jarvis may refer to:
* Ben Jarvis (politician)
* Ben Jarvis (footballer)
# George Grimes

George Grimes may refer to:
* George Grimes (American football) (1922–1971), NFL football player for the Detroit Lions
* George Grimes (English politician) (1605–1657), member of parliament and Royalist
* George Grimes (Queensland politician) (1835–1910), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
* George F. Grimes (1877–1929), businessman and political figure in Newfoundland
# Huntersville, Ohio

Huntersville is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Huntersville was laid out in 1836, and named for Jabas Hunter, a pioneer settler. A post office was established at Huntersville in 1839, and remained in operation until 1875.
# Armed to the Teeth (Swollen Members album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Eye Weekly | |
| HipHopDX | |
| NOW | |
| The Phoenix | |
| PressPlusOne | |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
Armed to the Teeth is Swollen Members' fifth full-length release, released on October 27, 2009. It is their first release in three years, as the group had taken a break over the past few years while member Madchild dealt with drug addiction and legal issues. The album features guest appearances by Talib Kweli and Tech N9ne. In the United States the album debuted at #146 on the Billboard 200 with 3,400 copies sold in its first week, making it their first appearance on that chart.
On August 25, 2009, the first single, "Warrior" (featuring Tre Nyce and Young Kazh) was released and peaked at #94 on the Canadian Hot 100. The second single, "Red Dragon", a remix of the track of the same name, performed and produced by former Swollen Members member Moka Only on the album Monsters in the Closet was released on September 8. Three days later, a music video for the lead single "Warrior" was released. On October 19, the full album became listenable on Swollen Members' MySpace page. The third single "Bollywood Chick" (featuring Tech N9ne & Tre Nyce) was released around October and the music video was released on November 10 via Swollen Members' YouTube account. The fourth single "Porn Star" (featuring Tre Nyce) was released in early 2010 and music video was released on YouTube via Swollen Members' YouTube account.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Canadian Albums Chart | 19 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 146 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Heatseekers | 5 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Independent Albums | 23 |
# Alternate director

An alternate director is an individual who is appointed to attend a board meeting on behalf of the director of a company where the principal director would be otherwise unable to attend. The law relating to alternate directors varies from country to country, but in most jurisdictions, the alternate director has the same powers to attend, speak and vote at meetings as the principal director would have had, had the alternate not been appointed.
In some jurisdictions, the alternate must also be a director in his or her own right (so in effect, there would be one less person at the meeting, but the director who had also been appointed as an alternate would carry two votes). However such structures are not common in developed legal systems.
The appointment of a temporary alternate is one of the few exceptions to the general rule that the office of a director is not assignable and non-delegable.

## Footnotes

* ↑ For example, in the United Kingdom, see section 308 of the Companies Act 1985
# Double standard of aging

A double standard occurs when women are held to a higher standard than men with respect to aging. It is most prevalent towards females in the 35-55 age range.
When judging a person with nobody around, both males and females will judge differently from when judging that same person in a group setting. The physical changes that women undergo through the process of aging affects how they are perceived more strongly than the changes that men experience.

## Empirical support

As illustrated in a Berman, O'Nan and Floyd study, a female is likely to be judged higher in a private social setting by both males and females than she would in a group social setting. Once the social setting became a group, the women were rated consistently lower, in terms of attractiveness, when compared to men middle-aged and younger, than they were when in a private setting.
In a separate study conducted by Deutisch, Zalenski and Clark, a double standard of aging was evidenced in all represented age groups. It was determined that both males and females were judged lower in attractiveness as they aged; however, the difference in ratings of attractiveness due to age was much greater for women than for men. This study also found a difference in judgement in terms of masculinity and femininity. For men as they aged their attractiveness was judged as decreasing slightly and when judged based on masculinity there was no change. The women in the other hand were judged far less attractive with age as well as being less feminine.
# Flower and Snake

Flower and Snake may refer to:
* Flower and Snake (1974 film), a Japanese pink film
* Flower and Snake (2004 film), a Japanese film based on the 1974 film
* Flower and Snake: Zero, a 2014 Japanese erotic drama film
# Manfred on the Jungfrau (Martin)

Manfred on the Jungfrau is an 1837 watercolour painting by the English artist John Martin, now in Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. The subject of the painting comes from Lord Byron's poem Manfred, specifically Act I scene II. It was painted by a number of 19th-century artists.

## Analysis

This work depicts Manfred preparing to throw himself from the Jungfrau mountain in the Alps. In Byron's poem he is pulled back from the edge just before leaping by a horrified chamois hunter, who then leads him back to safety. The relationship between Act I scene II of Byron's poem is evident; the episode taken from this scene is this:
   ...And you, ye crags upon whose extreme edge
   I stand, and on the torrent's brink beneath
   Behold the tall pines dwindled as to shrubs
   In dizziness of distance, when a leap,
   A stir, a motion, even a breath, would bring
   My breast upon its rocky bosom's bed
   To rest for ever - wherefore do I pause?
   ...Thou winged and cloud-cleaving minister,
   Whose happy flight is highest into heaven,
   Well may'st thou swoop so near me...
   ...How beautiful is all this visible world!
   How glorious in its action and itself!
In the time that the artwork was created, 'man and nature' was a theme that was popular among romantic artists and writers, and influences of this are evident within this watercolour work. Images of figures standing on cliff tops, about to throw themselves off to their death were quite common among the artworks and writings which shared this theme.
Three years after Martin completed his version, Ford Madox Brown produced another painting entitled Manfred on the Jungfrau. This later oil-on-canvas version depicts Manfred up close, with his facial features and a look of horror clearly visible, as well as the same chamois hunter.
# Děkanovice

Děkanovice is a municipality and village in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 60 inhabitants.
# Antonis Georgiades

Antonis Georgiades was Minister of Communications and Works in Cyprus from 6 April 1959 to 15 August 1960.
# Aurora Odysseus

The Odysseus is a solar, High-Altitude Long Endurance drone developed by Aurora Flight Sciences.

## Development

Aurora Flight Sciences announced the Odysseus in November 2018. In spring 2019, Aurora planned to fly a High-Altitude Long Endurance drone powered by solar cells and batteries, Odysseus, to study the Earth atmosphere or as a military pseudo-satellite for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. The 74.1 m (243 ft) wide carbon fibre aircraft should weigh less than a 880 kg (1,940 lb) Smart Car, can carry a 25 kg (55 lb) payload with 250W provided during several months of endurance. It would compete with the Airbus Zephyr ordered by the UK Ministry of Defence and visited by the U.S. Army Futures Command, the BAE Systems-Prismatic Ltd UAV, and the AeroVironment-SoftBank telecommunications UAV. The bendable wing has fiberglass upper skin panels and plastic film undersides, three tails and six propellers, with roll controlled by the outboard tails. It used available, low-risk, lithium polymer batteries and gallium arsenide thin-film solar cells and first test flights were to be powered by batteries only. It was designed to stay day and night above 65,000 ft (20,000 m) up to three months at latitudes up to 20°. First flight was planned for April 2019 in Puerto Rico, before investigating ozone depletion in the summer over the US Midwest.
Its first flight was indefinitely delayed by July 2019.
# Armed to the Teeth

Armed to the Teeth may refer to:
* Armed to the Teeth (Abandoned Pools album), 2005
* Armed to the Teeth (Swollen Members album), 2009
# Alan Edmonds

Arthur Denis Edmonds (1932 – September 13, 2004), better known by his pseudonym Alan Edmonds, was a reporter for newspapers, magazines, and television. Edmonds was born in England. He was a reporter on Fleet Street in London, England and after the war, immigrated to Canada, first to Vancouver, British Columbia, and, then Toronto. He wrote for the Toronto Star, among others, and subsequently for Maclean's Magazine, where he was the Senior Editor at one point. He wrote a number of articles while at Maclean's, among them one on Steven Truscott. He wrote a number of books as well, among them, Journey to the Edge of the World, which was a scrutiny of a research vessel plying the waters of Canada's far north. He was on-air talent, writer and producer for the highly successful CTV program Live It Up!
He died on September 13, 2004, of liver disease.
# Double strike

Double strike or double struck may refer to:
* A double struck coin, which occurs when a coin is struck twice in the minting process.
* Double striking, or typing a character over itself on a typewriter as a way to make it darker (or by accident).
* Blackboard bold, whose characters are sometimes called double-struck, a typeface style imitating the chalk writing used for mathematical symbols such as $\mathbb {N} ,$ $\mathbb {Z} ,$ $\mathbb {Q} ,$ and $\mathbb {R} ,$ which can be approximated on a typewriter by double striking the letters with a horizontal offset.
* 2023 Hollywood labor disputes, nicknamed the "Hollywood double strike" after the actors' guild declared a labor strike in July of that year, joining the writers' guilds who had gone on strike in May.
* Double Strike, a 1989 video game developed and published in Taiwan by Sachen.
* In bowling, strikes on two consecutive rolls.
# Brahmagupta's identity

In algebra, Brahmagupta's identity says that, for given $n$, the product of two numbers of the form $a^{2}+nb^{2}$ is itself a number of that form. In other words, the set of such numbers is closed under multiplication. Specifically:
    ${\begin{aligned}\left(a^{2}+nb^{2}\right)\left(c^{2}+nd^{2}\right)&=\left(ac-nbd\right)^{2}+n\left(ad+bc\right)^{2}&&&(1)\\&=\left(ac+nbd\right)^{2}+n\left(ad-bc\right)^{2},&&&(2)\end{aligned}}$
Both (1) and (2) can be verified by expanding each side of the equation. Also, (2) can be obtained from (1), or (1) from (2), by changing b to −b.
This identity holds in both the ring of integers and the ring of rational numbers, and more generally in any commutative ring.

## History

The identity is a generalization of the so-called Fibonacci identity (where n=1) which is actually found in Diophantus' Arithmetica (III, 19). That identity was rediscovered by Brahmagupta (598–668), an Indian mathematician and astronomer, who generalized it and used it in his study of what is now called Pell's equation. His Brahmasphutasiddhanta was translated from Sanskrit into Arabic by Mohammad al-Fazari, and was subsequently translated into Latin in 1126. The identity later appeared in Fibonacci's Book of Squares in 1225.

## Application to Pell's equation

In its original context, Brahmagupta applied his discovery to the solution of what was later called Pell's equation, namely x$^2$ − Ny$^2$ = 1. Using the identity in the form
    $(x_{1}^{2}-Ny_{1}^{2})(x_{2}^{2}-Ny_{2}^{2})=(x_{1}x_{2}+Ny_{1}y_{2})^{2}-N(x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1})^{2},$
he was able to "compose" triples (x$_1$, y$_1$, k$_1$) and (x$_2$, y$_2$, k$_2$) that were solutions of x$^2$ − Ny$^2$ = k, to generate the new triple
    $(x_{1}x_{2}+Ny_{1}y_{2}\,,\,x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}\,,\,k_{1}k_{2}).$
Not only did this give a way to generate infinitely many solutions to x$^2$ − Ny$^2$ = 1 starting with one solution, but also, by dividing such a composition by k$_1$k$_2$, integer or "nearly integer" solutions could often be obtained. The general method for solving the Pell equation given by Bhaskara II in 1150, namely the chakravala (cyclic) method, was also based on this identity.