OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# B Integral

In nonlinear optics, B-Integral is a measure of the nonlinear optics phase shift of light. It calculates the exponential growth of the least stable spatial frequency in a laser beam, and is the numerical equivalent of the nonlinear phase shift along the laser system's optical axis.
In a multipass laser system as a cumulative measure of the nonlinear interaction, this integral is given by:
    $B={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}\int \!n_{2}I(z)\,dz\,$
where $I(z)$ is the optical intensity along the beam axis, $z$ the position in beam direction, and $n_{2}$ the nonlinear index quantifying the Kerr nonlinearity. As $n_{2}I(z)$ is the nonlinear change in the refractive index, one easily recognizes the B integral to be the total on-axis nonlinear phase shift accumulated in a passage through the device. The B integral is frequently used in the context of ultrafast amplifiers, e.g. for optical components such as the Pockels cell of a regenerative amplifier.
# Atractus surucucu

Atractus surucucu is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Brazil.
# Atractus stygius

Atractus stygius is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Brazil.
# Atractus tamessari

Atractus tamessari is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Venezuela and Guyana.
# BMW F650GS

The BMW F650GS may refer to either of the following:
* BMW F series single-cylinder, a single-cylinder 650 cc motorcycle produced from 2000 to 2007, reintroduced as the G650GS in 2008.
* BMW F series parallel-twin, a twin-cylinder 800 cc motorcycle produced from 2007 until 2012.
# Austin Tate

Austin Tate is Emeritus Professor of Knowledge-based systems in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh. From 1985 to 2019 he was Director of AIAI (Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute) in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh.
He is known for his contributions to AI Planning, applications of Artificial Intelligence, and work on collaborative systems in Virtual Worlds.

## Early life and education

Tate was born 12 May 1951, Knottingley, West Yorkshire, UK. He completed his B.A. (Hons) Computer Studies, Lancaster University, 1969-1972. He completed his postgraduate study in Machine Intelligence at University of Edinburgh, supervised by Donald Michie, 1972-1975 and a Master of Science degree in e-Learning at the University of Edinburgh, 2011-2012.

## Research and career

Tate's research interests are in Artificial intelligence.

### Selected publications

* Tate, A. (1977) Generating Project Networks, Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-77), pp. 888–893, Cambridge, MA, USA, Morgan Kaufmann.
* Currie, K.; Tate, A. (1991). "O-Plan: The open planning architecture". Artificial Intelligence. 52: 49–86. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.26.2844. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(91)90024-E. S2CID 943552.
* Tate, A., Levine, J., Dalton, J. and Nixon, A. (2003) Task Achieving Agents on the World Wide Web, in "Spinning the Semantic Web" (Fensel, D., Hendler, J., Liebermann, H. and Wahlster, W.), Chapter 15, pp. 431–458, MIT Press, 2003.
* Tate, A. (2006). "The "Helpful Environment": Geographically Dispersed Intelligent Agents That Collaborate". IEEE Intelligent Systems. 21 (3): 57–61. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.62.8806. doi:10.1109/MIS.2006.61. S2CID 25195858.
* Tate, A.; Chen-Burger, Y. H.; Dalton, J.; Potter, S.; Richardson, D.; Stader, J.; Wickler, G.; Bankier, I.; Walton, C.; Williams, P. (2010). "I-Room: A Virtual Space for Intelligent Interaction" (PDF). IEEE Intelligent Systems. 25 (4): 62–71. doi:10.1109/MIS.2010.5. hdl:20.500.11820/031ec5f0-40f6-45c6-a7f6-a0a4ebe12b7c. S2CID 6699929.
* Other Publications: O-Plan Papers, I-X Papers

### Honours and awards

Tate's awards and honours include:
* 1993 – Elected AAAI Fellow
* 1998 – Fellow of the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC)
* 1999 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)
* 1999 – Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI)
* 2000 – Fellow of the British Computer Society (FBCS)
* 2006 – Fellow of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour (SSAISB)
* 2012 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)

## Personal life

He was married in 1975 to Margaret (née Mowbray) at Knottingley, West Yorkshire, England.
# BMW Group Classic

BMW Group Classic is an automobile museum from BMW in Moosacher Straße 80 in Am Riesenfeld in Munich.
One can book guided tours to see historic cars of the collection. BMW Group Classic is organizer of the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este.
# BMW Goldfisch V16

The BMW Goldfisch is a SOHC 32-valve V16 6.7-litre prototype automotive piston engine based on the BMW M70 V12 engine.

## Development

Development started in the late 1980s. The engine was built to demonstrate the maximum potential of the small cylinder displacement engine family. Also, a three-cylinder model of the same engine family was made to set a minimum. Development started on July 8, 1987, and by the beginning of 1988 the engine was ready. It was put on a dynamometer in January and February 1988. Afterwards, it was installed in a modified long wheelbase BMW 7 Series (E32), and the first driving tests were made in May 1988. On July 7, 1988, the engine was presented internally within BMW.
To prevent an "arms race" with other engine manufacturers, the V16 was never put into mass production. Additionally, a higher-performance version of the M70 engine, the S70B56 installed in the BMW 850CSi, produced 380 PS (279 kW) and 56.1 kp⋅m (550 N⋅m) of torque, almost reaching the power output of the V16.
This engine was also trialled in the Bentley Mulsanne as a potential "upgrade" from a turbocharged V8 engine. Unlike the 7 Series, the engine fit in the bay with room for radiator and ancillaries.

## Technology and performance

The engine design virtually copies the BMW M70 V12 layout but with 4 more cylinders added.
* 6,651 cm$^3$ 60°-V16 engine
* Cast aluminium block and cylinder heads
* SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder
* Bore and stroke: 84 × 75 mm (3.3 × 3.0 in)
* Bore spacing: 91 mm (3.6 in)
* Compression ratio: 8.8:1
* Maximum power: 408 PS (300 kW) at 5,200 rpm
* Maximum torque: 62.5 kp·m (613 N·m) at 3,900 rpm
* Redline: 6,000 rpm
* Engine management: 2 separate Bosch DME 3.3 for each bank
* Dry weight: 310 kg (683 lb)
# Babu Muhammad Rafique

Alhaj Babu Muhammad Rafique Kahloon is a former member of the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan from Loralai, serving in the fifth and sixth assemblies from June 9, 1962, until March 25, 1969.
# Aulactinia veratra

Aulactinia veratra, the green snakelock anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Actiniidae. It is native to the southeastern Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

## Description

The green snakelock anemone averages about 20 mm (0.8 in) in height, but individuals in some areas have reached 60 mm (2.4 in) when fully extended. The broad column has rows of verrucae (wart-like outgrowths) on its surface to which coarse grains of sand and fragments of shell adhere. The oral disc has a central mouth surrounded by a whorl of long, tapering tentacles with blunt tips, varying in number from 24 to 124. When expanded, both the column and tentacles of this anemone are usually green, but brown or red individuals sometimes occur. When retracted, with the oral disc and tentacles tucked inside the body cavity, green individuals may appear black.

## Distribution and habitat

The green snakelock anemone is found in shallow seas around the west, south, and east coasts of Australia, Tasmania and both islands of New Zealand. It is found in the intertidal zone in rock pools, under overhangs, between boulders, and in crevices. The base is firmly attached to a rocky substrate even when the anemone is in a rock pool and appears to be immersed in sand. It is often found growing close to the sand anemone.
# Backford Hall

Backford Hall is a country house in the village of Backford, Cheshire, England. It was built in the mid 19th Century on the site of earlier halls, and was designed by John Cunningham. Its style is described as "exuberant Elizabethan, Jacobean and Bohemian Rococo".
Since 1946 it has been used as offices by Cheshire County Council, and in 2012 its sale was agreed for residential development if planning approval was granted. Planning permission was granted in 2014 and the first residents moved into one of the new houses in 2016. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

Backford Hall was built by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Holt Glegg (1809-1877) of the Rifle Brigade. The foundation stone for was laid in 1848. In June 1849 when the building was in progress a dinner for the workmen was held in a farmhouse on the estate. This was described in the local newspaper at that time. They said that the foundation stone had been laid in June of the previous year and that John Cunningham was the architect. They also made the following comment about the Hall.
"It is a beautiful specimen of the ornamental Elizabethan style and admirably built and is expected to be ready for the reception of the family in May or June next year."
Lieutenant Colonel Edward Holt Glegg was a member of a wealthy land owning family. Besides Backford estate the Gleggs owned large areas in Irbie. A full account of the family is given in the book called “The Mansions of England and Wales” In 1845 he married Margaret Maxwell Logan who was the daughter of John Maxwell Logan of Fingalton.
Edward inherited the Backford Estate when his elder brother died in 1843. He built the new Hall on the site of an 18th Century old hall which he demolished. When he died in 1877 his eldest son Birkenhead Glegg (1848-1914) inherited the house. He did not marry. The 1881 Census records him living at the Hall with his mother, Margaret and his brother, Edward as well seven servants including a butler and footman.
When Birkenhead Glegg died in 1914 his brother Edward Maxwell Glegg (1849-1927) inherited the Hall. He married in 1904 at the age of 55 but the couple had no children. When he died in 1927 the house was inherited by a distant relative Lettice Valentine Lee Townshend She did not live at the Hall but instead rented it to various tenants one of which was a country club. In 1945 it was sold to Cheshire County Council.
# BSSE

BSSE may refer to:
* Bratislava Stock Exchange
* Basis set superposition error
* Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering, more commonly called a Bachelor of Software Engineering
* Bally Sports Southeast, American regional sports network owned and operated by Bally Sports
# Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991

The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (short title) (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 102–1) or Joint Resolution to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (official title), was the United States Congress's January 14, 1991, authorization of the use of U.S. military force in the Gulf War.
President George H. W. Bush requested a Congressional joint resolution on January 8, 1991, one week before the January 15, 1991, deadline issued to Iraq specified by the November 29, 1990 United Nations United Nations Security Council Resolution 678. President Bush had deployed over 500,000 U.S. troops without Congressional authorization to Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf region in the preceding five months in response to Iraq's August 2, 1990 invasion of Kuwait.

## Legislative history

Senate Joint Resolution 2 was approved in the United States Senate on January 12, 1991, by a vote of 52 to 47.
* S.J.Res. 2 was sponsored by John Warner (R) with 34 cosponsors — 29 Republicans and 5 Democrats. (The Democrats were: Howell Heflin, Bennett Johnston, Joe Lieberman, Chuck Robb, and Richard Shelby).
* Approved 52–47 at 2:44 PM EST on Saturday, January 12, 1991.
** Democrats: 10–45. 10 (18%) of 56 Democratic Senators voted for the resolution: John Breaux, Richard Bryan, Al Gore, Bob Graham, Howell Heflin, Bennett Johnston, Joe Lieberman, Harry Reid, Chuck Robb, Richard Shelby
** Republicans: 42–2. Chuck Grassley and Mark Hatfield voted against the resolution.
House Joint Resolution 77 was approved in the United States House of Representatives on January 12, 1991, by a vote of 250 to 183
* H.J.Res. 77 was sponsored by House Minority Leader Bob Michel (R) with 31 cosponsors — 14 Republicans and 17 Democrats (The Democrats were: Gary Ackerman, Les Aspin, Howard Berman, Dante Fascell, Tom Lantos, Greg Laughlin (R), Mel Levine, Marilyn Lloyd, Dave McCurdy, Charles Thomas McMillen, Gillespie V. Montgomery, John Murtha, Ike Skelton, Stephen J. Solarz, Charles Stenholm, Robert Torricelli, and Harold Volkmer).
* Approved: 250–183 at 3:51 PM EST on Saturday, January 12, 1991.
** Democrats: 86–179. 86 (32%) of 267 Democrats voted for the resolution.
*** Mervyn M. Dymally and Mo Udall were ill and did not vote, but would have voted against the resolution.
** Republicans: 164–3. Reps. Silvio Conte, Connie Morella, Frank Riggs voted against the resolution.
** Independent: 0–1. Rep. Bernie Sanders (I) voted against the resolution.
* House Joint Resolution 77 was then approved by the Senate by unanimous consent.
* House Joint Resolution 77 was signed by President George H. W. Bush on January 14, 1991, and became Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 102–1.

## Repeal

On June 29, 2021, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 366–46 to repeal the authorization along with the 1957 authorization. On March 16, 2023, a bill to repeal the 1991 and 2002 AUMFs, introduced by Tim Kaine and Todd Young, was advanced by the Senate by 68 votes to 27.
# Ba Zulayfah

Ba zulayfah is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# Back Up Train

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Back Up Train is Al Green's debut album, released by Hot Line Records, a label formed by Palmer James and Curtis Rodgers, high school friends of Al Green's. This album was released prior to signing with Hi Records and still lists his name as "Greene" (the actual correct spelling of his name). The title track was originally released in January 1967 as a single under the band name "Al Greene and The Soul Mates".
The album has been reissued, first in 1972 on Bell Records 6076 as Al Green (and a release of "Guilty" as a single, which became a Top 30 R&B hit), then in 1999 on Arista 7822-19097-2 as Al Green Master Hits. In 2005, with Sony's acquisition of the BMG/Arista catalog, it was issued again on Legacy 82876-69548-2 as Back Up Train with the original artwork from 1967.

## Track listing

* "Back Up Train" (Curtis Rodgers, Palmer James) - 2:19
* "Hot Wire" (Palmer James) - 2:55
* "Stop and Check Myself" (Al Green) - 1:41
* "Let Me Help You" (Palmer James) - 1:47
* "I’m Reachin’ Out" (Tip Watkins) - 2:43
* "Don’t Hurt Me No More" (Curtis Rodgers, Palmer James) - 2:16
* "Don’t Leave Me" (Palmer James) - 2:17
* "I’ll Be Good to You" (Tip Watkins) - 2:13
* "Guilty" (Robert Earl Williams) - 2:56
* "That’s All It Takes (Lady)" (Curtis Rodgers) - 2:19
* "Get Yourself Together" (Tip Watkins, Palmer James) - 2:25
* "What’s It All About" (Tip Watkins, Palmer James) - 1:54
* "A Lover's Hideaway" (Tip Watkins, Palmer James) - 2:36
# Edmund Joseph Reilly

Edmund Joseph Reilly (March 25, 1897—November 3, 1958) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Brooklyn from 1955 until his death in 1958.

## Biography

Edmund Reilly was born in the College Point section of Queens, New York. He studied at Cathedral College and St. John's Seminary, both in Brooklyn. He was ordained to the priesthood on April 1, 1922. His first assignment was as a curate at St. James Cathedral, where he remained until 1943.
He was named a papal chamberlain in 1938, and raised to the rank of domestic prelate in 1940. He became pastor of St. Thomas Aquinas Church in Flatbush from 1943. In 1946, he was transferred to Our Lady of Angels Church in Bay Ridge. He also served as diocesan master of ceremonies.
On March 15, 1955, Reilly was appointed auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn and titular bishop of Nepte by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 7 from Archbishop Thomas Edmund Molloy, with Bishops Raymond Augustine Kearney and John Joseph Boardman serving as co-consecrators. As an auxiliary bishop, he continued to serve as pastor of Our Lady of Angels, a post which he held until his death three years later.
He died from a heart attack at the rectory of Our Lady of Angels, at age 61.
# 2000–01 Lebanese Premier League

Statistics of Lebanese Premier League for the 2000–01 season.

## Temporary Official Final table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Al-Ansar | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 8 | +6 | 15 | |
| 2 | Al-Nejmeh | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 8 | +7 | 14 | |
| 3 | Hekmeh FC | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 12 | +6 | 14 | |
| 4 | Racing Club | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 19 | −11 | 7 | |
| 5 | Homenetmen Beirut | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 18 | −8 | 5 | |
| – | Tadamon Sour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Al Akhaa Al Ahli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Salam Zgharta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Safa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Shabab Al-Sahel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Al Ahli Saida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |
| – | Homenmen Beirut | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annulled |

## Revoked Final table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Al-Nejmeh | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 47 | 22 | +25 | 46 |
| 2 | Hekmeh FC | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 49 | 27 | +22 | 46 |
| 3 | Tadamon Sour | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 49 | 21 | +28 | 45 |
| 4 | Al Akhaa Al Ahli | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 43 | 26 | +17 | 43 |
| 5 | Salam Zgharta | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 33 | 29 | +4 | 34 |
| 6 | Al-Ansar | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 39 | 30 | +9 | 33 |
| 7 | Safa | 22 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 26 | 35 | −9 | 26 |
| 8 | Shabab Al-Sahel | 22 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 23 | 44 | −21 | 19 |
| 9 | Racing Club | 22 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 22 | 45 | −23 | 15 |
| 10 | Al Ahli Saida | 22 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 17 | 46 | −29 | 15 |
| 11 | Homenmen Beirut | 22 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 23 | 43 | −20 | 13 |
| 12 | Homenetmen Beirut F.C. | 22 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 22 | 49 | −27 | 12 |
# Depth-graded multilayer coating

A depth-graded multilayer coating is a multi-layer coating optimised for broadband response by varying the thickness of the layers used.
A multi-layer coating consisting of alternating layers with different optical properties and the same thickness will tend to have a narrow frequency response, getting narrower as more layers are added; for some applications such as precise focussing of a monochromatic laser light source this is exactly what's desired, but it is useless for astronomical optics where it is often required to detect a whole range of frequencies emitted by some source of interest.
The design of such coatings generally starts with an approximate analytical solution and then uses the simplex method of multi-variable optimisation to solve for optimal thicknesses of the layers. Typically the thin layers (to reflect high-energy X-rays) are on the inside since low-energy X-rays are absorbed more readily. One model used is a power law distribution of thicknesses, with the thickness of the ith bilayer as a/(b+i)^c for some optimised a, b, c.
An optimum multilayer design depends on the graze angle, so ideally a different prescription would be used on each shell of a multi-shell X-ray Wolter mirror; in practice the same prescription is used for about ten shells.
Characterising such coatings requires a synchrotron as a variable-wavelength X-ray source.
The Danish Space Research Institute in Copenhagen is (in 2012) the world centre of excellence for such coatings, though a good deal of the earlier research and development was done in Russia.
# Francis Falceto

Francis Falceto is a contemporary French musicologist and music producer, specialising in World music and in particular music of Ethiopia which he helped propagate internationally from 1986 onwards.

## Biography

Francis Falceto programmed different world music at the Confort Moderne [fr] of Poitiers when in 1984 he discovered a Mahmoud Ahmed LP record, via Bernard Gallodé. In 1985, he decided to undertake a trip to Ethiopia (via Moscow because of the Derg regime) in order to meet Mahmoud Ahmed, then in 1986 again to reissue Mahmoud's Ethio-jazz album Erè Mèla Mèla [fr] (1975) on the Brussels-based Crammed Discs label. After the success of the record in Europe and in the United States, he decided in 1996 to create the Éthiopiques series with publisher Buda Musique in order to reissue Ethiopian music of the period 1950–1975, most of them produced by Amha Eshèté for the label Amha Records and Ali Abdella Kaifa for Kaifa Records of which he acquired the full rights, which was not without creating tensions with certain artists, including Mulatu Astatke (The king of sax shining on the world stage in Ethiopian Reporter 28 January 2012). After the important international success of the series, he also conducted numerous lectures on the subject.
Francis Falceto also proposed Lili Boniche to realize a return on stage in the early 1990s and became his impresario.

## Prizes and distinctions

* 2008: World Music Award of the BBC.
* 2011: Professional Excellence of the WOMEX Awards.

## Works

* (en/fr) Abyssinie Swing: A Pictorial History of Modern Ethiopian Music - Images de la musique éthiopienne moderne, Francis Falceto, éditions Shama Books, 2001 ISBN 978-1-931253-09-3. (in English and French)
* Les Nuits d'Addis-Abeba, Sebhat Gebre-Egziabher transl. Francis Falceto, Actes Sud, 2004 ISBN 978-2-7427-4907-2.
# Dompé Farmaceutici

Dompé Farmaceutici is a privately held pharmaceutical company based in Milan. Founded as a compounding pharmacy in 1890 by Piedmontese Onorato Dompé, the company has grown to a global pharmaceutical company with around 900 employees. His son, Sergio Dompe is the current CEO.
In 2012, Dompé acquired the eye health-focused Italian pharmaceutical company Anabasis Srl; they went on to develop the Anabasis product cenegermin, an eye drop containing recombinant human nerve growth factor, as a treatment for neurotrophic keratitis. Cenegermin was approved by the FDA in August 2018 as the first available treatment for neurotrophic keratitis, and received orphan drug designation. Cenegermin is marketed under the name Oxervate. In the same year, the company announced plans to list shares as part of its move to focus on biotechnology and the treatment of specific diseases.
# Areas (moth)

Areas is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae.

## Species

* Areas galactina (Hoeven, 1840)

### Subgenus Melanareas Butler, 1889

* Areas imperialis (Kollar, [1844])