OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Menthol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on Menthol.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI or the links below, and follow its directions.
* Baker MSDS at the Wayback Machine (archived March 3, 2016) (l-form)
* Fisher MSDS (DL or racemic form)
* Fisher MSDS (l-form)
* Ambix MSDS at the Wayback Machine (archived March 3, 2016) Menthol Eucalyptus ointment

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties :
| Index of refraction, n$_D$ | ? |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, ε$_r$ | ? ε$_0$ at ? °C |
| Bond strength | ? |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | ? |
| Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
| Optical rotation ||
| Enantiomer | [α]$_D$ |
| (+)-menthol | +50.1° |
| (+)-isomenthol | +25.9° |
| (+)-neomenthol | +20.9° |
| (+)-neoisomenthol | +2.0° |
| (−)-menthol | -50.2° |
| (−)-isomenthol | -25.9° |
| (−)-neomenthol | -20.8° |
| (−)-neoisomenthol | -2.0° |

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior :
| Triple point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Critical point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$H$^o$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$S$^o$ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$H$^o$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$S$^o$ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Liquid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{liquid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{liquid}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Gas properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{gas}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{gas}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |

## Spectral data

UV-Vis :
| λ$_{max}$ | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR ||
| Major absorption bands | ? cm$^{−1}$ |
| NMR ||
| Proton NMR | |
| Carbon-13 NMR | |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS ||
| Masses of main fragments | |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.
# Carlos Amarilla

Carlos Arecio Amarilla Demarqui (born 26 October 1970) is a football referee from Paraguay. Amarilla has been a referee since 1997 and his first international game was between Uruguay and Ecuador. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup he took charge of the opening Group E match between the United States and the Czech Republic, and the Group G match between Switzerland and Togo. Amarilla was not chosen to officiate Knockout Round matches.
He was the referee in the first qualifying match for the 2010 World Cup between Colombia and Brazil (14 October 2007).
He was pre-selected as a referee for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Amarilla was chosen to officiate at the finals, but withdrew following the failure of a fitness test by his assistant referees.
On 11 September 2012, he officiated a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match between Uruguay and Ecuador.
On 15 May 2013, he also officiated Copa Libertadores 2013's Round of 16 match between Corinthians and Boca Juniors (1-1). The Brazilian team ended up eliminated after the aggregated score.
Besides being a FIFA referee, Amarilla is an electrical engineer by trade.
# Euthera setifacies

Euthera setifacies is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# NSTL

NSTL refers to the
* National Software Testing Laboratories in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
* National Soil Tilth Laboratory in Ames, Iowa
* former National Space Technology Laboratory, now John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi
* National Standards Testing Laboratory in Rockville, Maryland
* National Tree Seed Laboratory, Dry Branch, Georgia
* Navigation Systems & Technology Laboratory at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston
* National Strategic Target List of the Single Integrated Operational Plan
* National Security Threat List, sets out FBI's foreign counterintelligence mission
* Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, University of California
* National Science and Technology Library, China
* Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, An Indian national defense laboratory under DRDO, located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
# Beeson, West Virginia

Beeson is an unincorporated community in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Beeson is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) northwest of Princeton. Beeson had a post office, which closed on January 28, 2006.
# HHB

HHB could refer to:
* Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, a US army unit
* Hermes House Band, a Dutch pop band
* Heysham Port railway station, in England
* Helsingør-Hornbæk Banen, a former railway company in Denmark
# Equestrian at the 2018 Mediterranean Games

The equestrian competition at the 2018 Mediterranean Games was held on 27 and 29 June at the Royal Polo Club of Barcelona in Barcelona.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual jumping | Félicie Bertrand on Sultane France | Alexandra Paillot on Tonio La Goutelle France | Abdel Saïd on Hope van Scherpen Donder Egypt |
| Team jumping | Portugal (POR) Rodrigo Almeida on Isolde António Almeida on Irene Luís Gonçalves on Acheo Duarte Seabra on Curra Quinn | France (FRA) Félicie Bertrand on Sultane Alexandra Paillot on Tonio La Goutelle Pierre-Alain Mortier on Just Do It Titouan Schumacher on Atome | Italy (ITA) Giampiero Garofalo on Scara Mouche Francesca Arioldi on Celtic Filippo Bologni on Quidich Matteo Leonardi on Marko Polo |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | France | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Portugal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Egypt | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | Italy | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Carolina First Center

Carolina First Center was the name given to the five-story office building located at 40 Calhoun Street in Charleston, South Carolina while it housed Carolina First Bank's south coast main offices. It was previously named Charleston Gateway Center and reverted to that name sometime after Carolina First was purchased by TD Bank, N.A. on October 1, 2010.
It was also a name given to the former Palmetto Expo Center, a convention center in Greenville, South Carolina. After the purchase of Carolina First, it was renamed Greenville Convention Center.
Carolina First Center was also the original name to be given to a new athletic center at the College of Charleston for which the bank has naming rights. To avoid confusion with the other two buildings of the same name, the facility was renamed Carolina First Arena. It opened in November 2008. After the purchase of Carolina First, it was renamed TD Arena.
# Bhawanipur, East Champaran

Bhawanipur is near Areraj in the Indian state of Bihar. Bhawanipur is situated at the Bank of River Budhi-Gandak which falls in Ganga Patna. Bhawanipur is situated at a distance of about 40 km from Motihari, the district headquarters of East Champaran district. The National Highway NH 28 provides the closest route to Motihari. Bhawanipur falls under the jurisdiction of Sangrampur Police Station. Bhawani Pur village has two Panchayats: South Bhawani Pur and North Bhawani Pur. The famous Someshwar Shiv Madir, is located at Areraj which is at a 15-minute drive from Bhawanipur. Bhawani Pur belongs to the Kesaria Assembly and the Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency) Lok Sabha of Bihar.

## Climate

Climate is characterised by high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).
In 2020, Bhawanipur was among the areas which was affected by flood due to breakdown of the dam.
Climate data for Bhawanipur :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 36.3 (97.3) | 35.9 (96.6) | 33.8 (92.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.5 (88.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 25.4 (77.7) | 30.9 (87.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 25.5 (77.9) | 21.8 (71.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 10 (50) | 19.3 (66.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16 (0.6) | 4 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | 26 (1.0) | 57 (2.2) | 195 (7.7) | 320 (12.6) | 314 (12.4) | 226 (8.9) | 92 (3.6) | 8 (0.3) | 1 (0.0) | 1,269 (49.9) |
| Source: climate-data ||||||||||||||
# Ali El Arabi

Ali El Arabi is an Egyptian producer and director, who was born in Dakahlia, Egypt. He grew up practicing kickboxing and won Egypt's national kickboxing championship. He became passionate about filmmaking when he moved to Cairo. In 2009, he made his first foray into the filmmaking world when he met some staff members at ZDF channel who discovered his talent. Afterwards, he traveled to Germany to study filmmaking and production and began his career at ZDF channel where he made a number of documentaries on war zones in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan and Kurdistan.
El Arabi founded his production company, Ambient Light. In 2013, he began making short documentaries and used his marketing skills to sell them to a number of prominent platforms, including National Geographic.
Ali El Arabi received an invitation from the Arab League to make documentaries on refugees and send them to entities responsible for making decisions on refugee matters. Thus, he traveled to several refugee camps, the birthplace of his first documentary feature film Captains of Za'atari. It follows the story of Mahmoud and Fawzi, from adolescence stage to adulthood, who dream of becoming professional footballers. Al Arabi spent 8 years working on the film, which was commercially released in November in the US and in the Arab world Theaters. Furthermore, Captains of Za'atari was nominated for 15 awards and screened in 82 international film festivals, including Sundance Film Festival, where it had its world premiere, and was chosen as the second-best film in the lineup of the festival by Variety magazine. The film also had its Arab world premiere at the fifth edition of Gouna Film Festival, where it nabbed El Gouna Golden Star for Best Documentary Film, and screened at the Official Competition of Carthage Film Festival
Currently El Arabi is working on several regional and international projects, including the feature film The Legend of Zeineb and Noah, which is directed by Yousry Nasrallah and co-produced by El Arabi.
# Ed Helwer

Edward Russell Helwer (born December 20, 1940) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Manitoba legislature from 1988 to 2003. Although the Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party was in power for most of this period, Helwer was never appointed to a cabinet position (though he did serve as Party Whip at one point).
Helwer was born in Selkirk, Manitoba. He worked as an Esso agent from 1963 to 1974, and was a Macleod Authorized Dealer from 1974 to 1983. From 1976 to 1996, he was also the owner of a small business called Rockwood Farm Supplies. Helwer served as a municipal councillor in Teulon from 1969 to 1973 and 1977 to 1980, and was the town's Mayor from 1980 to 1988. He was also chair of the Hunter Hospital Board from 1977 to 1987.
Helwer first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1986 provincial election, losing to New Democratic Party incumbent John Bucklaschuk by about 950 votes in the riding of Gimli. In the 1988 election (called after the NDP government lost a budget vote and held during a period of unpopularity for the party), Helwer defeated Bucklaschuk by about 1400 votes to win the riding.
Helwer was re-elected easily in the 1990 election, and was able to defeat NDP challenger Fran Frederickson by about 1800 votes in 1995. He faced Frederickson again in the 1999 election, and saw his majority cut to only 402 votes; the NDP were victorious in the province, and Helwer became Progressive Conservative critic for Government Services and Emergency Management in the opposition.
Helwer did not seek re-election in 2003, and the Gimli riding was subsequently won by the New Democratic Party again.
Helwer was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002.
# Beesoniella

Beesoniella is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphrophoridae.

## Species

Species:
* Beesoniella sylvestris Lallemand, 1933
# Garibaldi-Meucci Museum

The Garibaldi-Meucci Museum, formerly known as the Garibaldi Memorial, is a circa 1840 Gothic Revival cottage in the Rosebank section of Staten Island, New York. It was home to inventor and candle maker Antonio Meucci (1808–1889). The Italian revolutionary and political leader Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) lived there from 1851 to 1853.
In 1884 a plaque commemorating Garibaldi's stay was placed on the building, with Meucci in attendance. The house was moved from its original nearby location in 1907 and placed within an open air colonnaded memorial pavilion, which was later removed. The memorial was dedicated in 1907 to mark Garibaldi's 100th birthday. Since then, the site has been the location of a number of protests and celebrations on the anniversary of Garibaldi's birth.
A memorial to Meucci was erected in the front yard in 1923. In 1956 the house was opened as the Garibaldi-Meucci Museum, helping to celebrate Italian-American heritage and culture, as well as the lives of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Antonio Meucci. The museum is owned by the National Order Sons of Italy Foundation and administered by the New York Grand Lodge Order Sons of Italy in America.
After a major restoration, the museum was rededicated in a ceremony on July 11, 2009, involving museum president John Dabbene, Salvatore Lanzilotta, president of the New York State Order of the Sons of Italy in America, and U.S. Congressional Representative Michael McMahon.
The site was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Ampahitrosy

Ampahitrosy is a suburb and a rural commune in Analamanga Region, in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antananarivo-Atsimondrano and its populations was 5,654 in 2018.
It is situated at 16km from downtown Antananarivo. In the north it borders to the commune of Soalandy, in the west by Androhibe, in the south by Antanetikely and in the east by Bongatsara.

## Rivers

The commune is crossed by the Sisaony.
# Merriam Peak

Merriam Peak can refer to the following mountains in the United States:
* Merriam Peak (California), in Fresno County
* Merriam Peak (Idaho), in Custer County
* Merriam Peak (Nevada), in Nye County
# Maria (Twelfth Night)

Maria is a fictional character in the play Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare. She is a servant in Olivia's household. Maria is shown to have a friendly relationship with Sir Toby Belch, and exhibits a witty attitude. Maria also forges a love letter to Malvolio which results in Malvolio being confined to a dark room (a treatment for madness). In the end of the play, this relationship with Sir Toby Belch ultimately leads to their marriage.

## Connections with other characters

* Maria is Olivia's personal house-maid
* Sir Toby Belch is Olivia's uncle
* Malvolio is the steward in Olivia's household and therefore Maria's superior

## Performers

| Year | Media | Performer |
| 1869 | Broadway | Fannie Davenport |
| 1905 | Broadway | Zeffie Tilbury |
| 1910 | Film | Marin Sais |
| 1939 | Television | Lucille Lisle |
| 1949 | Broadway | Ruth Enders |
| 1955 | Film | Anna Lisyanskaya |
| 1957 | Television | Micheline Luccioni |
| 1963 | Off-Broadway | Peggy Pope |
| 1969 | Off-Broadway | Jennifer Darling |
| 1970 | Television | Raph Wolfs |
| 1972 | Television | Jet Naessens |
| 1974 | Television | Anne Stallybrass |
| 1980 | Television | Annette Crosbie |
| 1987 | Film | Tracy Harvey |
| 1988 | Television | Abigail McKern |
| 1996 | Film | Imelda Staunton |
| 1999 | Off-Broadway | Dana Slamp |
| 2003 | Television | Maureen Beattie |
| 2009 | Off-Broadway | Julie White |
| 2012 | Off-Broadway | Katie Alto |
| 2013 | London | Paul Chahidi |
# Bhawania

Bhawania is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Chrysopetalidae.
# 2005–06 Israeli Hockey League season

The 2005–06 Israeli Hockey League season was the 15th season of Israel's hockey league. Five teams participated in the league, and the Haifa Hawks won the championship.

## Regular season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Haifa Hawks | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 13 | +41 | 14 |
| 2 | HC Bat Yam II | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 49 | 17 | +32 | 14 |
| 3 | HC Metulla | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 29 | 22 | +7 | 6 |
| 4 | HC Ma'alot | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 31 | 37 | −6 | 6 |
| 5 | HC Bat Yam I | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 79 | −74 | 0 |

## Playoffs
### Semifinals

* Haifa Hawks - HC Ma'alot 6:2
* HC Bat Yam II - HC Metulla 3:0

### Final

* HC Bat Yam II - Haifa Hawks 0:5
# Hănăsenii Noi

Hănăsenii Noi is a commune in Leova District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Hănăsenii Noi and Nicolaevca.
# Bromide (disambiguation)

Bromide can refer to:
In chemistry
* Bromide, the anion of bromine, or any ionic salt containing bromide as the only anion, or (as a common name) any covalent compound containing bromine in the -1 oxidation state.
* Potassium bromide, an anticonvulsant and sedative (most pharmacologic information is here).
* Sodium bromide, an anticonvulsant and sedative.
In geography
* Bromide, Oklahoma, a small village in the southern central part of the state.
* Bromide Basin, a basin in Utah.
In language
In photography
* Bromide (Japanese culture), commercial photographic portraits of celebrities including geisha, singers, actors and sports-people.
* Bromide paper, paper coated with an emulsion of silver bromide, used primarily for photographic prints.
# Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea

The Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea (Spanish: Asociación para el Comercio Justo y Solidario Pangea) is a secular human development non-governmental organization best known for its work on fair trade and food sovereignty.
It was founded in 1995 by a group of former volunteers looking for a new way to spread their views on fair trade, responsible consumption and social action in Santiago de Compostela and Galicia.
It is governed in a participative and democratic way by its members who, organized in commissions, vote and discuss its decisions. Apart from the general annual assembly, it has open and public weekly meetings in the head office.
Together with the activities of social education, social action and human development it also has a public open fair trade shop.
Pangaea is also an important member of: Galician Net of Conscious and Responsible Consumption (Spanish: Red de Consumo Consciente y Responsable), Initiative for Food Sovereignty (Spanish: Iniciativa por la Soberanía Alimentaria) and Space for a Fair Trade (Spanish: Espacio por un Comercio Justo).
Pangaea won the 2006 Vagalume Prize in social work awarded by the municipality of Santiago de Compostela besides other minor awards and prizes.
Since 2010 Pangaea established itself as Consumer's Cooperative for Fair Trade and Biological Products, under the name of "Panxea S.C.G"

## Work and Organization

The most important work of this association is in Fair Trade and biological products. The first way of achieving this is through its public open fair trade shop.
Goods are obtained through Fair Trade importers, which are the first responsibles of guaranteed the origin and Fair Trade Principles of these products.
Biological products are directly purchased to local farmers and producers, trying to fulfill proximity criteria and full respect of environmental standards.
The rest of the social education, works and lectures are given through the participation in forums, social acts and congresses.
# HMS Benbow

Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Benbow, after Admiral John Benbow:
* HMS Benbow (1813) was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line, built in 1813. She was converted to a coal hulk in 1859 and broken up in 1895.
* HMS Benbow (1885) was an Admiral-class battleship launched in 1885 and scrapped in 1909.
* HMS Benbow (1913) was an Iron Duke-class battleship launched in 1913. She fought in the Battle of Jutland and was scrapped in 1931.
# Dubliner

A Dubliner (pronounced with stress on the first syllable) is a person who comes from Dublin in Ireland.
Dubliner could also refer to one of the following:
* Dubliners, a collection of short stories by James Joyce
* The Dubliners, an Irish folk band
* The Dubliner (magazine), a contemporary commentary on Dublin
* Dubliner cheese, a hard cheese produced in Ireland
# Dichosporidium

Dichosporidium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae.
# Bindman

Bindman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Geoffrey Bindman (born 1933), British solicitor specialising in human rights
* David Bindman (born 1940), professor of the history of art, University College London
# Bhog and Other Stories

Bhog and Other Stories is a collection of fourteen short stories by Ankur Betageri, first published in 2010. Stories in the collection include "The Source of the Stream", "Big Bear Remembers Kako", "Bhog", and "Malavika". The stories are noted for their surreal quality, which "blurs the distinction between the real and the unreal to a frightening extent."
# Hănțești

Hănțești is a commune located in Suceava County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Arțari, Berești and Hănțești.
# Fortuna Vlaardingen

Fortuna Vlaardingen was a Dutch football club which was founded in 1904 in Vlaardingen. The club played its matches in the Floreslaan stadium.

## History

The club entered the Eerste Divisie in 1956. Fortuna never made it towards the Eredivisie and competed mostly between Eerste and Tweede Divisie. In 1974 the club separated the amateur and the professional branch.

### FC Vlaardingen

The professionals remained as FC Vlaardingen '74 and the amateurs kept playing as Fortuna. In 1981 FC Vlaardingen went bankrupt.
The amateurs merged in 2004 with local club TSB to form the new amateur club Victoria '04.

## Managers

* Rinus Gosens (1961–64)
* Maarten Vink (1964–65)
* Ko Stijger (1965–66)
* Laszlo Zalai (1966–67)
* Jan Brouwer (1967–70)
* Piet de Wolf (1970–72)
* Jan van Baaren (1972–75)
* Theo Laseroms (1975–79)
* Hans Dorjee (1979–80)
* Martin van Vianen (1980)
* Jan de Gier (1980–81)
* Gerard Weber (1985–86)
# Asura congerens

Asura congerens is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Felder in 1874. It is found in India's north-western Himalayas and Sikkim.
# Dublin street corners

Several notable junctions in Dublin city in Ireland still carry the name (usually unofficially) of the pub or business which once occupied the corner.
While this practice is not unique to Dublin, the pace of recent development there has meant that the original source of the name is more likely to have disappeared.
Examples include:
* Baker's Corner at the junction of Rochestown Avenue and Kill Lane in Deansgrange;
* Doyle's Corner at the junction of the North Circular Road (R135 / R147) and Phibsborough Road (R135) in Phibsborough;
* Edge's Corner at the junction of the North Strand Road (Annesley Bridge Road) and Fairview Strand;
* Hanlon's Corner at the junction of the North Circular Road (R101) with Prussia Street and the Old Cabra Road (both R805);
* Hart's Corner at the junction of Botanic Road, Finglas Road, and Prospect Road (all R135) in Glasnevin;
* Kelly's Corner at the junction of the R114 road (Upper Camden Street and Richmond Street) and the South Circular Road (Harrington Street and Harcourt Road);
* Leonard's Corner at the junction of the South Circular Road and Clanbrassil Street;
* Vaughan's Corner at the junction of the N81 road (Terenure Road North and Terenure Place) and the R114 road (Terenure Road East and Rathfarnham Road) in Terenure.
Other street corners have been named after notable people, for example Rory Gallagher Corner in Temple Bar.