OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dorothy Blum

Dorothy Toplitzky Blum (February 21, 1924 – October 1980) was an American computer scientist and cryptanalyst. She worked for the National Security Agency and its predecessors from 1944 until her death in 1980.

## Early life

Dorothy Toplitzky was born in 1924 in New York City to Austro-Hungarian immigrant parents.

## Career

After graduating from Brooklyn College in 1944, she joined the cryptologic unit of the U.S. Army. This unit focused on cryptanalysis, the study of analyzing information systems to gain access to hidden aspects of systems, in this case, the Axis powers' encrypted messages. After World War II, she worked for the United States Armed Forces Security Agency and later the National Security Agency (NSA).
During her time at the NSA in the 1950s, Blum was tasked with "keep[ing] abreast of the latest advances in the field of computing" and recommended computer technologies that could be adapted for cryptanalysis and communications intelligence. This included her use of the FORTRAN programing language beginning three years before its public release in 1957. She wrote computer software for the NSA and spearheaded the effort to teach NSA employees to write cryptanalytic programs.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Blum continued to work in the field of computer science, helping to design the NSA's computer systems and automate processes. In 1972, she became the chief of the NSA Computer Operations Organization (C7), the only woman at the time in the organization's management hierarchy. She was appointed chief of Plans and Project Development Organization (T4) in the Telecommunications and Computer Services Organization in 1977. She was also involved in the Women in NSA (WIN) group.

## Legacy

Blum died from cancer in October 1980, aged 56. An internal award at the NSA - the Dorothy T Blum Award for excellence in employee personal and professional development - was named after her. In 2004, she was inducted into the NSA Hall of Honor. An official NSA biography states that, in her 36-year career, Blum "significantly changed the way NSA did cryptanalysis." She was also elected one of the top 100 "most outstanding women in the federal government."

## Personal life

In 1950, she married NSA mathematician Joseph Blum, and they later had a son, David Blum.
# Minuscule 444

Minuscule 444 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 551 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the New Testament except Book of Revelation on 324 parchment leaves (26 cm by 19.5 cm). The order of books: Gospels (ff. 1-154), Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles.
The text is written in one column per page, in 25-30 lines per page.
The lists of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each book. It contains the τιτλοι (titles) at the top, lectionary equipment at the margin, subscriptions at the end of books, στιχοι, Synaxarion, Menologion, and scholia.

## Text

Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^r$. According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual cluster M1326 in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. To the cluster M1326 belong manuscripts: minuscule 191, 1326, 1396, 2521. The cluster is related to the cluster M106.

## History

The manuscript was dated by Scrivener and Gregory to the 15th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 15th century.
The manuscript came from the Athos (probably). It was bought in 1537 by one Greek man for 500 asper. Bernard Mould bought it in 1722 in Smyrna. It was sold to Edward Harley on 28 July 1725. After his death it was bought for British Museum in 1753.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852). Scholz examined Matthew 5. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1883.
It is currently housed at the British Library (Harley 5796) in London.
# Elephant Cays

The Elephant Cays are a group of small islands lying towards the southern end of Falkland Sound, just to the north-west of Speedwell Island, in the Falkland Islands of the South Atlantic Ocean. The group, with a collective area of 248 ha includes Golden Knob, Sandy Cay, West, Southwest and Stinker Islands. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA).

## Description

The islands have good tussac cover, but are not well known. Some may have been occasionally stocked with cattle in the 1930s and 1940s, and Stinker Island was grazed until 1985.

### Birds

Counts were made in early 2005. There is no complete list of birds, but it is probable that at least 20 species breed, possibly including burrowing petrels and Storm-petrels. Birds for which the site is of conservation significance include Magellanic penguins and striated caracaras. The group is also the most important breeding site in the world for southern giant petrels, of which there are about 11,000 pairs. There are also two small colonies of imperial shags.
# Allium rupicola

Allium rupicola is a species of onion found in Israel, Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. It has a rosette of leaves plus a scape bearing an umbel of pink flowers.
# Aller, Devon

Aller is a village in the civil parish of Kentisbeare in the historic county of Devon, England. Aller is situated about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Cullompton.
Historically, it has been known by other names, such as Aulers during the 15th century. Alre, Alra, Avra, and Avvra have all been used since the 10th century.
# 2008 Dr McKenna Cup

The 2008 Dr McKenna Cup was a Gaelic football competition played under the auspices of Ulster GAA. The tournament was won by Down. They defeated Derry in the final. Down won despite not winning any of their games in the 2007 edition of the competition, and also had not won any of their games in the 2007 National Football League.

## Summary

In 2008, the competition was compacted entirely into the month of January. This led to several considerations for all participants, because the students in the university teams had exams in January, while the county teams, who would not have played together for up to six months, had to play three matches in a week. In spite of this, the university teams seemed to have a slight advantage, causing several upsets early in the competition.
Donegal knocked out holders Tyrone.
In the 2008 semi-finals Derry defeated Fermanagh and Down defeated Cavan.

## Teams
### Counties

* Antrim
* Armagh
* Cavan
* Derry
* Donegal
* Down
* Fermanagh
* Monaghan
* Tyrone

### Universities

* Queen's University Belfast
* St Mary's University College
* University of Ulster, Jordanstown
# Alloy 230

Alloy 230 is a nickel alloy, made up of mostly nickel and chromium, with smaller amounts of tungsten and molybdenum. This combination of metals results in a number of desirable properties including excellent strength, oxidation resistance at temperatures of up to 2,100 °F (1,150 °C) and nitriding-resistance. Alloy 230 is one of the most nitriding-resistant alloys available.

## Composition

| % | Nickel (Ni) | Chromium (Cr) | Tungsten (W) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Cobalt (Co) | Aluminium (Al) | Lanthanum (La) | Manganese (Mn) | Carbon (C) | Silicon (Si) |
| Min | 47 | 20 | 13 | 1 | - | 0.2 | 0.005 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.25 |
| Max | 65 | 24 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.15 | 0.75 |

## Properties

Alloy 230 is also identified by the UNS number UNSN06230. It displays excellent strength at high temperatures, which is why it is often used in high temperature applications such as combustion linings on turbine engines, burner flame shrouds and furnace retorts. It also displays oxidation resistance at temperatures of up to 2,100 °F (1,150 °C), which again makes it ideal for high temperature applications. Its exceptional nitriding-resistance also makes it the preferred choice for nitriding furnace internal parts, as it remains unaffected by the treatment. It is also easily weldable and can be formed by hot or cold-working.
# Cantaing-sur-Escaut

Cantaing-sur-Escaut (French pronunciation:, literally Cantaing on Escaut) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Cantaing-sur-Escaut | The arms of Cantaing-sur-Escaut are blazoned : Argent, 3 lions azure, armed and langed gules. |
# Collis King

Collis Llewellyn King (born 11 June 1951) is a former West Indies first-class cricketer who played nine Test matches and 18 One Day Internationals for the West Indies cricket team between 1976 and 1980. He was a member of the squad which won the 1975 Cricket World Cup and the 1979 Cricket World Cup.
Born in Christ Church, Barbados, King played as an all-rounder, but had more success with the bat than ball, especially in Test cricket, where he scored one century and two fifties but only took three wickets – in three different innings. In ODI cricket, his highest – and swiftest – score came in the 1979 World Cup final, when he came in at 99 for 4 to hit 86 off 66 deliveries, and added 139 with Viv Richards. King also held a catch and bowled three overs for 13 runs in the match, and the West Indies won by 92 runs.
King went on both the 1982/83 and 1983/84 West Indies' rebel tours to South Africa.
In a varied first-class career, he played for his native country Barbados in the West Indies domestic competition, and also played for Glamorgan and Worcestershire in English county cricket and Natal in South Africa. In scoring 123 on his Worcestershire debut in 1983, he became the first player in more than fifty years to score a hundred in his first match for the county.
King was still playing club cricket for Yorkshire side Dunnington CC into his sixties.
# Colm Gallagher

Colm Gallagher (died 26 June 1957) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who was elected twice as Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin North-Central, in 1951 and in 1957.
His first candidacy was at the 1948 general election, where he was unsuccessful, winning just 3.3% of the first-preference votes and losing his deposit. At the 1951 general election, he tripled his share of the vote and won a second seat for Fianna Fáil in the three-seat constituency.
He lost his seat at the 1954 general election to the Labour Party's Maureen O'Carroll, but defeated her at the 1957 general election.
His death in June 1957, just three months after the general election, triggered a by-election on 14 November, which was won by an independent candidate, Frank Sherwin.
Prior to his involvement in politics, Colm Gallagher was active in the promotion and administration of amateur boxing and served as a referee at European level, including the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics (in London and Helsinki respectively). He lived in Glasnevin and was married to Peggy Gallagher; they had three sons and one daughter.
# Miscera basichrysa

Miscera basichrysa is a moth in the family Brachodidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1916. It is found in Australia and New Guinea.

## Subspecies

* Miscera basichrysa basichrysa
* Miscera basichrysa extensa Kallies, 1998 (New Guinea)
# Miriam Bäckström

Miriam Bäckström (born 1967) is a Swedish conceptual photographer.
Bäckström was born in Stockholm in 1967. Bäckström studied history of art at the University of Stockholm before enrolling at Stockholm's Academy of Photography in 1994.
Bäckström first came to notice as a conceptual photographer in the 1990s.
# Common bile duct

The bile duct (formerly known as the common bile duct) is a part of the biliary tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct. It ends by uniting with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. It possesses its sphincter to enable the regulation of bile flow.

## Anatomy

The bile duct is some 6–8 cm long, and normally up to 8 mm in diameter.
Its proximal supraduodenal part is situated within the free edge of the lesser omentum. Its middle retroduodenal part is oriented inferiorly and right-ward, and is situated posterior to the first part of the duodenum, and anterior to the inferior vena cava. Its distal paraduodenal part is oriented still more right-ward, is accommodated by a groove upon (sometimes a channel within) the posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas, and is situated anterior to the right renal vein.
The bile duct terminates by uniting with the pancreatic duct (at an angle of about 60°) to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
The distal extremity of the bile duct invariably features its own sphincteric muscle (the pancreatic duct and the hepatopancreatic ampulla usually possess sphincters of their own to allow the flow of pancreatic juice to be regulated independently, however, these two can be absent).

## Clinical significance

Several problems can arise within the common bile duct, usually related to its obstruction. Opinions vary slightly on the maximum calibre of a normal CBD, but 6 mm is one accepted upper limit of normal with a further 1mm diameter allowed for each decade over 60 years.
It normally gets slightly dilated after cholecystectomy, with upper limit (95% prediction interval) being about 10 mm after a few months.
On abdominal ultrasonography, the common bile duct is most readily seen in the porta hepatis (where the CBD lies anterior to the portal vein and hepatic artery). The absence of Doppler signal distinguishes it from the portal vein and hepatic artery.
* Borderline of a dilated perihilar bile duct, measuring 8 mm.
* Dilatation of CBD due to Ampullary tumor.

### Obstruction

Tumours in the head of the pancreas may come to obstruct the distal bile duct.
If obstructed by a gallstone, a condition called choledocholithiasis can result. In this obstructed state, the duct is especially vulnerable to an infection called ascending cholangitis. One form of treatment is a cholecystenterostomy. Rare deformities of the common bile duct are cystic dilations (4 cm), choledochoceles (cystic dilation of the ampula of Vater (3–8 cm)), and biliary atresia.

## History

Obstruction of the common bile duct and related jaundice has been documented since at least since the time of Erasistratus.

## Additional images

* The gall-bladder and bile ducts lay open.
# Colonial Hotel

Colonial Hotel may refer to:
* Colonial Hotel (Excelsior Springs, Missouri), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Clay County, Missouri
* Colonial Hotel (Wise, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Wise County, Virginia
* Colonial Hotel (Seattle, Washington), listed on the NRHP in King County, Washington
# Miriam E. Carey

Miriam Eliza Carey (February 21, 1858, Peoria, Illinois - January 9, 1937 Cheyenne, Wyoming) was an American librarian who helped establish the first libraries in prisons and hospitals in Iowa and Minnesota.

## Education and career

Carey studied at Rockford Seminary (1876), Oberlin College, Ohio (1877) and the library school of the University of Illinois (1898).
She taught for many years but left her teaching career to attend the Illinois State Library School at the age of 40. She soon discovered a passion for librarianship while working at the Hull House in Chicago, a resettlement institution for immigrants, where she was greatly influenced by American activist Jane Addams. After attending the library school for one year, and without graduating, Carey left academia to take a position as director of the public library in Burlington, Iowa, and she worked there from 1899 to 1905.
In Burlington, she met Alice S. Tyler, who was secretary of the library commission working with a new college graduate, Fanny Duren, creating programs that would use books to help youth who were detained at the new School for Delinquent Boys. Based on the success of her work, Tyler convinced the Iowa Board of Control to create a new position, Supervisor for the Iowa State Institution Libraries, which was "the first position of its kind in America." Carey was appointed to the new job in 1906, and grew the program by establishing processes and methods to use books as a "rehabilitative tool in prison wards and mental hospitals, as well as in tuberculosis sanitariums and schools for delinquent children." In many cases, these were the first libraries housed in those institutions.
In 1913, after her success with the Iowa library plan, Carey was appointed to head a similar post as director of institutional libraries in Minnesota, for which she organized libraries at 18 institutions across that state.
She also taught at Talladega College, Fisk University and the University of Minnesota.

### War years

During the years of World War I, the American Library Association sent Carey to army camps and hospitals in five southern states to establish libraries at each site. These greatly benefited the soldiers who were training or recovering from injuries and the movement helped launch a national intent to create libraries in civilian hospitals as well. From 1913 to 1923, she headed of the Committee on Libraries in Correctional Institutions in addition to her other duties.
Carey officially retired in 1927 at the age of 69, but nevertheless, she joined the faculty at the newly established library school at the University of Minnesota. She also went on to publish short stories about her efforts to set up libraries in prisons.
Miriam E. Carey died in Cheyenne, Wyoming, on January 9, 1937, at age 78.

### Legacy

Carey's papers are held at the Minnesota Historical Society Library.

## Works

* Prison libraries. St. Cloud, Minn., Minnesota State Reformatory (1926)
* A Thousand Books for the Hospital Library
* In the Land of Counterpane: books for a crippled children's library (1916)
# Colin Tuaa

Colin Tuaa is a football player turned manager who represented New Zealand as a player.

## Career

Tuaa's club career involved 275 New Zealand National League appearances and 83 goals.
Tuaa made 10 A-International appearances for New Zealand between 1983 and 1988, scoring 1 goal.
In 2007 Tuaa took charge of the New Zealand U-17 team at the FIFA U-17 World Cup in Korea.
In addition to his role as U-17 coach, Tuaa is head coach at Auckland City FC, having previously coached Nelson Suburbs and Youngheart Manawatu.
# Canton of Tourcoing-2

The canton of Tourcoing-2 is an administrative division of the Nord department, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Tourcoing.
It consists of the following communes:
# Colors (Hikaru Utada song)

"Colors" (stylized as COLORS) is Hikaru Utada's 12th Japanese-language single (14th overall), and is the only single they released in 2003. It was released on January 29, 2003, and debuted at number one on the Oricon charts with 437,903 copies sold in the first week, and became their fifth single to achieve two consecutive weeks at the number one slot, a comparatively rare feat. Two versions were released, CD and DVD.
Included as CD-Extras on this single was a multimedia section containing 13 exclusive screensavers and 13 exclusive wallpapers. A special feature on the "Colors" DVD single is the Kanzou-sensei Report, which is a mini-documentary showing the production that went into the DVD, as well as behind-the-scenes shots of Utada working. This single reached number one on Oricon charts and charted for 45 weeks, their longest charting single ever. Though Kazuaki Kiriya was behind the art direction for the single, he did not take an active part as usual, with the single photography going to Kaoru Izima and the PV directing going to Donald Cameron. On the cover and the inside covers, there are drawings done by Utada themself (some designs include musical notation, the word 'yes' and a drawing of the Vatican). It became the third-best selling single of 2003 in Japan.
"Colors" had an extremely long performance season, which included 11 performances spanning over two months (except for the last performance, which was a special). This single reached number 27 on the World Charts for single airplay, and reached number six for sales. The most recent figures (May 25, 2006) show that the single sold 893,790 units in total. The song featured heavy ethereal and experimental tones for the first time in Utada's discography. It became their longest charting single ever with a 45-week trajectory on the Oricon Singles chart, selling 881,000 copies, and was number three on the Yearly Singles chart.
"Colors" was performed during Utada's two date concert series Wild Life in December 2010.

## Commercial tie-ins

Two special remixes of "Colors", an orchestral version and "Colors" (Godson Mix) were produced to promote the Toyota WISH in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and Malaysia. These remixes are not included on this single or any of their releases.
"Simple and Clean" was the theme song for the US releases of Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, and Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories instead of "Hikari".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Hikaru Utada

## TV performances

* [2003.01.12] CDTV
* [2003.01.29] Viewsic
* [2003.01.31] Music Station
* [2003.02.05] Sokuhou Uta no Daijiten
* [2003.02.06] Ax Music TV
* [2003.02.08] Pop Jam
* [2003.02.08] CDTV
* [2003.02.13] Utaban
* [2003.02.17] Hey! Hey! Hey!
* [2003.03.03] SMAPxSMAP
* [2003.12.17] Asahi Special

## Charts

Japan (Oricon)
| Release | Chart | Peak position | Sales total |
| January 29, 2003 | Oricon Daily Singles Chart | 1 | |
| January 29, 2003 | Oricon Weekly Singles Chart | 1 | 800,790 |
| January 29, 2003 | Oricon Monthly Singles Chart | 1 | |
| January 29, 2003 | Oricon Yearly Singles Chart | 3 | |
# Caofeidian

Caofeidian (Chinese: 曹妃甸; pinyin: Cáofēidiàn) is a land reclamation-converted economic development zone in Bohai Bay located in the eponymous district of Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
It hosts a large coal and ore discharging port, which forms one of the prime ports of Northern China, namely (from South to North) Tianjin - Jingtang port - Caofeidian - Qinhuangdao - Yingkou - Bayuquan - Dalian). Caofedian and Jingtang ports are often referred together as Tangshan port, though Tangshan is actually a large inland city away from the shore.
The area is served by the Tangshan–Caofeidian railway.

## Location

The island is 200 km from Beijing, the island spans 60 km$^2$ and is a 2005-listed pilot area for the development of a Recyclable/Circular Economy (Industrial ecology) in China. Huadian Power and PetroChina have some of their energy bases there. The island is expected to have a population of 300,000 by 2010.
Caofeidian is 80 km from Tangshan city centre.
# Columella (disambiguation)

Columella (4–c. 70) was a Roman writer.
Columella, meaning little column, may also refer to:

## Biology

* Columella (auditory system), a part of the auditory system of amphibians, reptiles and birds
* Columella (botany), an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses and a cellular layer near the tip of a plant's root cap
* Columella (gastropod), an anatomical feature of a coiled snail or gastropod shell
* Columella (genus), a genus of land gastropods in the family Vertiginidae
* Columella (plant), a cultivar of Dutch elm
* Columella nasi, the fleshy external end of the nasal septum
* In corals, the central axis structure of a corallite formed by the inner ends of the septa

## Other uses

* Columella (wine), a wine label by South African producer The Sadie Family
* Columella; or, The Distressed Anchoret, a 1779 novel by Richard Graves
# Carbyne (disambiguation)

Carbyne (R-C⫶) is a class of chemical compounds with three dangling bonds on a carbon atom.
Carbyne may also refer to:
* The methylidyne radical (⫶CH), the parent member and namesake of the carbyne family
* Linear acetylenic carbon (C≡C−)$_n$, a form of carbon with chains of alternating single and triple bounds
* A polyyne, a molecule with such a chain in its molecular structure
# Cape Granat

Cape Granat (67°39′S 45°51′E﻿ / ﻿67.650°S 45.850°E﻿ / -67.650; 45.850) is a cape in the western part of the Thala Hills, 7 nautical miles (13 km) northeast of Campbell Glacier, on the coast of Enderby Land, Antarctica. Molodezhnaya Station is just south of the cape. This feature was mapped and called "Mys Granat" (Cape Garnet) by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1961–62.