OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alfred Gould (trade unionist)

Alfred Gould (23 May 1856 – 30 May 1927) was a British trade unionist and politician.
Born in Kingston-upon-Hull, Gould became a carpenter, initially working aboard a ship but, by 1881, onshore in Hull. He joined the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASC&J), and developed a keen interest in the labour movement. Convinced that there was a need for independent political representation for the movement, he was a founder member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and was a leading supporter of Tom McCarthy's unsuccessful campaign in Kingston upon Hull West at the 1895 United Kingdom general election.
Hull Trades Council opposed the ILP and undertook little activity in the late 1890s, but Gould consistently raised the party's causes there, and in 1897 he won election to the council's executive committee. By 1905, he was the leading figure on the council, which was dominated by supporters of the new Labour Representation Committee. He won election to Hull City Council, and though he lost his seat in 1911, he regained it two years later, and was adopted as the party's Prospective Parliamentary Candidate for Hull West.
During 1913, Gould was a leading opponent of the deportation of nine South African trade unionists to Britain, but the following year, he joined Havelock Wilson's campaign to exclude non-white sailors from British ships. He supported World War I, and spoke against conscientious objectors, and stood down from his Hull West candidacy on the outbreak of war.
Gould continued his trade union activity, winning election to the executive of the ASC&J, and from 1917 as the first chair of its National Executive Committee. In 1918, he was also appointed as the first chair of the National Federation of Building Trades Operatives, serving for two years.
At the 1918 United Kingdom general election Gould stood for the Labour Party in the new seat of Kingston upon Hull South West, taking 19.3% of the vote and third place. This disappointment led him to focus on the trade union movement, and when the ASC&J merged into the new Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers, he was one of its most prominent figures. However, the new union adopted a rule requiring members of the executive to retire at the age of 63. Already over this limit, Gould retired in 1925 and began suffering from poor health. In May 1927, he committed suicide by hanging himself in his home.
# Ernst Kube

Ernst Kube was a German sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1930s. He won a gold medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Vaxholm.
# Great Guinness Toast

The Great Guinness Toast is an annual event that takes place across the world on, according to Guinness, on 13 February but evolved to be the 3rd Friday of February each year. The event is considered to have repeatedly broken the world record for largest toast.
There is much confusion concerning the actual date of the toast mainly due to a lack of information on the web. Many sites are non-Guinness affiliated and have the date listed as the "3rd Friday in February" which has been the US schedule since the mid-1990s. However, Mullaney's Harp & Fiddle Pub in Pittsburgh, PA, the pub claiming to have started the toast, had celebrated it on 19 February 2010 (the third Friday of the month).

## History

In 1993, Guinness, authors of the book of world records and purveyors of stouts, ales and lagers, decided to establish a new world record, the world's largest toast.
In 2001 and as captured in the Guinness Book of Records, over 300,000 adults, age 21 and older, raised their pint glasses of Guinness. The Great Guinness Toast will be held in more than 60 cities across the United States.
The Great Guinness Toast was started at Mullaney's Harp & Fiddle Pub in Pittsburgh in 1993.
The toast in 2007 was on February 13, 2007. The toast in 2008 (15th Anniversary of the Toast) was on February 13, 2008. The toast in 2011 was held on February 18, 2011
# Les McCann Ltd. Plays the Truth

Les McCann Ltd. Plays the Truth (also referred to as just The Truth) is the debut album by pianist Les McCann recorded in 1960 and released on the Pacific Jazz label. Liner notes were by Frank Evans and album photography was by Ivan Nagy.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic gives the album 4 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Les McCann except as indicated
* "Vacushna" - 3:09
* "A Little ¾ for God & Co." - 4:28
* "I'll Remember April" (Gene de Paul, Patricia Johnston, Don Raye) - 7:47
* "Fish This Week" - 3:06
* "How High the Moon" (Morgan Lewis, Nancy Hamilton) - 6:04
* "This Can't Be Love" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 3:17
* "For Carl Perkins" (Leroy Vinnegar) - 5:40
* "The Truth" - 5:49

## Personnel

* Les McCann - piano
* Leroy Vinnegar - bass
* Ron Jefferson - drums
# Les McCann Ltd. in New York

Les McCann Ltd. in New York is a live album by pianist Les McCann recorded in 1961 and released on the Pacific Jazz label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Allmusic review by Mark Allan called the album: "A thoroughly satisfying live date".

## Track listing

All compositions by Les McCann except as indicated
* "Chip Monck" - 7:45
* "Fayth, You're..." - 6:10
* "Cha Cha Twist" - 7:38
* "A Little ¾ for God & Co." - 9:24
* "Maxie's Changes" - 8:51
* "Someone Stole My Chitlins" - 5:10 :Bonus track on CD reissue
* "One More Hamhock Please" (Curtis Amy) - 8:56 :Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Oat Meal" (McCann, Hutcherson) - 4:57 :Bonus track on CD reissue
* Recorded at the Village Gate in NYC on December 28, 1961 (tracks 1–6) and at Pacific Jazz Studios in Hollywood, CA in late 1960 (tracks 7 & 8). Tracks 7 and 8 originally issued in edited form as Pacific Jazz X-316 (45rpm single).

## Personnel

* Les McCann - piano
* Stanley Turrentine - tenor saxophone (tracks 1–6)
* Blue Mitchell - trumpet (tracks 1–6; solo: tracks 3–6)
* Frank Haynes - tenor saxophone (tracks 1–6; solo: tracks 5–6) note: Haynes' name is misspelled on the album cover
* Herbie Lewis - bass
* Ron Jefferson - drums
* Curtis Amy - tenor saxophone (track 7)
* Bobby Hutcherson - vibraphone (tracks 7–8)
# Charles H. Sawyer

Charles H. Sawyer may refer to:
* Charles H. Sawyer (politician) (1840 –1908), Governor of New Hampshire
* Charles Henry Sawyer (photographer) (1868–1954), American painter and photographer
* Charles H. Sawyer (neuroendocrinologist) (1915-2006), American neuroendocrinologist
# Charles Littlehales

Rev. Charles Gough Littlehales M.A. (20 May 1871 – 28 August 1945) was an English cricketer. Littlehales was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Bulphan, Essex and was educated at Forest School, Walthamstow, before later attending Exeter College, Oxford.
Littlehales made his first-class debut for Essex against Surrey in the 1896 County Championship. He made five further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Leicestershire in the 1904 County Championship. In his six first-class appearances, he scored 109 runs at an average of 12.11, with a high score of 23. Behind the stumps he took 4 catches and made a single stumping.
A member of the Anglican Clergy, Littlehales worked as parish Vicar at Allensmore, Herefordshire from 1930 to at least 1941. Littlehales died at Wickham Bishops, Essex on 28 August 1945.
# Lian Cheng Jue (disambiguation)

Lian Cheng Jue may refer to:
* A Deadly Secret, known as Lian Cheng Jue (or Liancheng Jue) in Chinese, is a novel by Jin Yong. Alternate English translations of the title include Secret of the Linked Cities and Requiem of Ling Sing.
* Adaptations of the novel:
** A Deadly Secret (film), a 1980 Hong Kong film
** Deadly Secret, a 1989 Hong Kong television series
** Lian Cheng Jue (TV series), a 2004 Chinese television series
# Li Xun

Li Xun may refer to:
* Li Xun (Western Liang) (died 421), final ruler of Western Liang
* Li Xun (Tang dynasty) (died 784), Tang dynasty prince
* Li Zhongyan (died 835), Tang dynasty politician, known as Li Xun in 835
* Li Xun (footballer) (born 1992)
# Charles Mill Lake

Charles Mill is a reservoir located in central Ohio near the junction of State Routes 430 and 603. Charles Mill Lake is a quiet and enjoyable place for boating, camping, fishing, hunting, or hiking. The lake is located in both Richland County (near Mansfield) and Ashland County (near Mifflin), with the dam located in Ashland County. This lake is located on the Black Fork of the Mohican River. Many local residents refer to Chales Mill Lake as Mifflin Lake due to its proximity to Mifflin, Ohio. The lake primarily sees local use by nearby residents who fish or boat; the marina is accessible from St. Rt. 430.

## History

The area around the lake experienced several incidents of violence between settlers and Native Americans during the War of 1812. An attack took place within a mile of the dam site following the forced removal of the Piqua Indians from their homes in Greentown. The Native Americans first attacked the home of the Frederick Zimmer family, killing Zimmer, his wife and daughter, and their neighbor, Martin Ruffner. Several days later, a settler, James Copus, and three militiamen were killed while defending Copus' home and family. There is a historical marker in the day use area of the lake that recounts the stories of "Frontier Violence During the War of 1812" and "English-Allied Indian Attacks", and a monument honoring these events was erected on Route 603, near the dam. The name for Charles Mill Lake comes from the name of J. Charles who operated a sawmill (S.M.) in the vicinity where the park below the dam is situated currently. Caldwell's Atlas of Ashland County - 1874

## Watershed
### Charles Mill Dam

Charles Mill Dam is located on the Black Fork of the Mohican River, 10 miles (16 km) east of Mansfield, Ohio and 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Ashland, Ohio. The lake is located in Ashland County and Richland County, with the dam being located in Ashland County. Charles Mill Dam was constructed from 1935 to 1936 and is primarily for flood control, but is also used for recreation, and fish and wildlife management.
Charles Mill Dam is a rolled earth fill dam with an impervious, water-resistant, clay core. The dam, is 48 feet (15 m) high, 1,390 feet (420 m) long and 20 feet (6.1 m) wide. The flood reduction system also includes two dikes and one levee. These structures, the dam, dikes and levee, hold the water that may build up behind them from the 215 square miles (560 km$^2$) drainage area the dam serves. The dam also has two spillways to handle water above the maximum the dam is designed to hold; one is built into the gate house, the other is beyond the gate house against the right abutment. There are five gates which allow the water to pass through the dam and provide control of it. During the summer months the lake is kept at about 31 feet (9.4 m) at the dam which provides 1,350 acres (5.5 km$^2$) of water surface. At that level the water is backed up the Black Fork about 5.2 miles (8.4 km). When the dam is holding the maximum flood water it is designed to hold there would be 6,050 acres (24.5 km$^2$) surface acres of water behind the dam and water would be backed up the Black Fork 19.8 miles (31.9 km).
# Charles Rowland Twidale

Charles Rowland Twidale is an Australian geomorphologist active at the University of Adelaide. Twidale's research has covered varied subjects including structural geomorphology, weathering, ancient landscapes in shield regions, granite landforms in deserts, paleosurfaces and the history of geomorphology. Twidale has been most active investigating the geomorphology of Australia, Spain and southwestern United States.
In 1976 C. R. Twidale was president of the Royal Society of South Australia.
In 1993 he was awarded the Mueller Medal by the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science.
# Charles de Meixmoron de Dombasle

Charles de Meixmoron de Dombasle (1839-1912) was a French heir and painter. He inherited a ploughing implement factory from his paternal grandfather, Mathieu de Dombasle, in Nancy. He became a member of the Académie de Stanislas in 1887, and served as its president in 1900.
# Liberalism in Ukraine

This article gives an overview of liberalism in Ukraine. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The Ukrainian Democratic Party was one of the dominant forces in pre-revolutionary Russian Ukraine. Due to the splintered party system in Ukraine, the timeline is limited to the post-1990 period.

## History

In the mid-1990s, the Liberal Party of Ukraine (Liberalna Partia, observer LI) formed out of small parties in Crimea. The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc seemed to develop into a more or less liberal party. The UDAR, which as of 2013 holds 42 seats in the Verkhovna Rada, has been described as a "Western-style liberal party". Other, small liberal parties include Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Reforms and Order Party, PORA and Yabluko. Also, the Democratic Party of Ukraine and the Democratic Union have sometimes been referred as liberal parties, though their liberal nature has not been confirmed.

### Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party

* 1905: Inspired by the ideas of Michailo Drahomanov, sympathizers of the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party in Ukraine formed the liberal Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party (Ukrajin'ska Radikal'no-Demokratyčna Partija).
* 1908: The party is reorganized into the Ukrainian Progressive League (Tovarystvo Ukraijins'kych Progresystov), which became the dominant party.
* 1917: The party is renamed "Ukrainian Party of Federalist Socialists" (Ukrajin'ska Partija Federalistiv-Socialistiv), which was, despite its name, a liberal democratic party led by Serhij Jefremov. He did not survive the anti-Ukrainian processes by the communist regime. In exile, the party was renamed into its original name, the Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party.

## Liberal leaders

* Serhij Jefremov
* Yurii Hudymenko
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
# Midgley

Midgley (/ˈmɪdʒli/) is a hill-top village in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 12 miles (20 km) east from Burnley and 4 miles (6 km) west-north-west of Halifax, and just north of the A646 road. Nearby villages are Mytholmroyd 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west-south-west, and Hebden Bridge 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the west-north-west.
Midgley has a social committee to arrange events such as open gardens, village fetes, parties, quiz nights and wine tasting. A previous Co-op store has been refurbished to become a shop and community room staffed by volunteers; it opened in February 2010.
Local primary education is provided by Midgley School.

## Governance

The village is part of the Luddendenfoot ward of the metropolitan borough of Calderdale, part of the Metropolitan county of West Yorkshire.
Midgley was formerly a township in the parish of Halifax, in 1866 Midgley became a separate civil parish, in 1894 Midgley became an urban district, on 1 April 1939 the urban district and parish were abolished, the urban district was merged with Hepton Rural District and the parish was merged with Wadsworth. In 1931 the parish had a population of 1882.
# 2014 Ningbo International Women's Tennis Open

The 2014 Yinzhou Bank Ningbo International Women's Tennis Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It is the fifth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 WTA 125K series. It was held place in Ningbo, China, from 27 October until 2 November 2014.

## Singles entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| THA | Luksika Kumkhum | 85 | 1 |
| CHN | Zheng Saisai | 93 | 2 |
| RUS | Alla Kudryavtseva | 97 | 3 |
| AUT | Patricia Mayr-Achleitner | 103 | 4 |
| RUS | Vitalia Diatchenko | 105 | 5 |
| CHN | Wang Qiang | 110 | 6 |
| ISR | Shahar Pe'er | 119 | 7 |
| JPN | Misaki Doi | 120 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 20 October 2014

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Han Xinyun
* Xu Yifan
* Yang Zhaoxuan
* Zhang Kailin
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Chan Chin-wei
* Liu Chang
* Arina Rodionova
* Wang Yan

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Anna-Lena Friedsam [replaced by Tadeja Majerič]
* Sorana Cîrstea [replaced by Eri Hozumi]
* Olga Govortsova [replaced by Ekaterina Bychkova]
* Kimiko Date-Krumm [replaced by Elizaveta Kulichkova]

## Doubles entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank | Seed |
| AUS | Arina Rodionova | UKR | Olga Savchuk | 134 | 1 |
| JPN | Misaki Doi | CHN | Xu Yifan | 144 | 2 |
| TPE | Chan Chin-wei | TPE | Chuang Chia-jung | 164 | 3 |
| CAN | Sharon Fichman | CHN | Zheng Saisai | 167 | 4 |

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the doubles draw:
* Ye Qiuyu / Zhang Ying

## Champions
### Singles

* Magda Linette def. Wang Qiang, 3–6, 7–5, 6–1

### Doubles

* Arina Rodionova / Olga Savchuk def. Han Xinyun / Zhang Kailin, 4–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, [10–6]
# El Salvador at the 2013 World Games

El Salvador competed at the 2013 World Games held in Cali, Colombia. Two competitors represented El Salvador; they both competed in the men's compound archery event.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Bronze | Roberto Hernández | Archery | Men's compound |

## Archery

Roberto Hernández won the bronze medal in the men's compound event. Jorge Jiménez also competed in the men's compound event.
# Aramchol

Aramchol is an investigational drug being developed by Galmed Pharmaceuticals as a first-in-class, potentially disease modifying treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH, a more advanced condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Aramchol, a conjugate of cholic acid and arachidic acid, is a member of a synthetic fatty-acid/bile-acid conjugate (FABAC). FABACs are composed of endogenous compounds, orally administrated with potentially good safety and tolerability parameters.
Aramchol affects liver fat metabolism and has been shown in a Phase IIa clinical study to significantly reduce liver fat content as well as improve metabolic parameters associated with fatty liver disease. Furthermore, it has been shown to be safe for use, and with no severe adverse effects.
Aramchol was initially intended to combine a cholesterol solubilizing moiety (a saturated fatty acid) with a bile acid (cholic acid) acting as a vehicle to enable secretion into bile and entry into the enterohepatic circulation to solubilise bile stones. However, early in the development, it was observed that Aramchol reduced liver fat infiltration in animals fed a high fat, lithogenic diet. This effect was confirmed in other animal models and the development plan was modified according to these findings, as fatty liver is an unmet need.
Aramchol has been shown to work by two parallel pathways, leading to synergistic effects

## The SCD1 pathway

Aramchol inhibits the activity of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the liver. This is likely a direct effect since the mRNA of this and other lipogenic genes or the activities of nuclear receptors are not affected. The physiologic effects of SCD1 inhibition are: decreased synthesis of fatty acids, resulting in a decrease in storage triglycerides and other esters of fatty acids. This reduces liver fat (including triglycerides and free fatty acids), and results in an improvement in insulin resistance. Aramchol’s mechanism of action, inhibition of the SCD1 enzyme, has been confirmed in human liver microsomes2 and in animal studies by showing a reduction of the SCD1 activity marker, the fatty acid ratio 16:1/16:0, following Aramchol treatment. These studies showed that the SCD1 inhibition effect of Aramchol is partial (can reach to 70 to 83%). Unlike other SCD1 inhibitors, it was shown that Aramchol’s effects are non-atherogenic. There are at present no known inhibitors of SCD1 with the established safety and efficacy profile of Aramachol.

## Reverse cholesterol transport

Aramchol activates cholesterol efflux by stimulating (2 to 4-fold) the ABCA1 transporter, a universal cholesterol export pump present in all cells. In animal models, this led to a significant reduction of blood and body cholesterol and an increase in fecal sterol output, mostly neutral sterols.
Aramchol is the first small molecule that was shown to induce ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux without affecting transcriptional control.
# Cumia clavula

Cumia clavula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
# Ernst Kromayer

Ernst Kromayer (26 September 1862 in Stralsund – 6 May 1933 in Berlin) was a German dermatologist. He was the younger brother of historian Johannes Kromayer (1859–1934).
He studied medicine at the universities of Strasbourg, Würzburg, and Bonn, receiving his doctorate in 1885. From 1888 he worked as an assistant to Karl Koester at the pathology clinic in Bonn, and in 1890 qualified as a lecturer at the University of Halle. At Halle he established a clinic for skin and venereal diseases that eventually acquired the status of a university clinic. In 1901 he received the title of professor at the university, then in 1904 relocated to Berlin, where he opened a private practice.
He is best remembered for inventing a water-cooled mercury-vapor lamp (Kromayer lamp) for ultraviolet irradiation of the skin. On 23 October 1906 he received a patent for the lamp. He also made pioneer contributions in regards to dermabrasion; around 1905 he introduced a device that consisted of rotating burrs attached to a dental drill, being designed for the removal of unwanted skin layers.
In 1962 Grünstraße ("Green Street") in Halle an der Saale was renamed Ernst-Kromayer-Straße in his honor.

## Published works

His book Die Behandlung der kosmetischen Hautleiden (1923), was later translated into English and published as The cosmetic treatment of skin complaints, with especial reference to physical therapy and scarless methods of operation (1930). Other works by Kromayer are:
* Allgemeine Dermatologie; oder, Allgemeine Pathologie, Diagnose und Therapie der Hautkrankheiten, in zweiundzwanzig Vorlesungen, 1896 – General dermatology; or, general pathology, diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases, in twenty-two lectures.
* Zur Austilgung der Syphilis; abolitionistische Betrachtungen über Prostitution, Geschlechtskrankheiten und Volksgesundheit nebst Vorschlägen zu einem Syphilisgesetz, 1898 – Towards the eradication of syphilis; abolitionist reflections on prostitution, venereal diseases and public health, including proposals for a syphilis law.
* Repetitorium der haut- und geschlechtskrankheiten für studierende und aerzte, 1902 – Refresher course on skin and venereal diseases for students and doctors.
* Röntgen-radium-licht in der dermatologie, 1913 – Röntgen-radium-light in dermatology.
# Alfred Gould

Alfred Gould may refer to:
* Alfred Gould (trade unionist)
* Alfred Gould (surgeon)
# Don't Be a Drop-Out

"Don't Be a Dropout" is a song written by Burt Jones and recorded by James Brown. It was Brown's first attempt at a socially conscious song, encouraging teenagers to stay in school. Released as a single in 1966, it charted No. 4 R&B and No. 50 Pop. It also appeared on the album Sings Raw Soul. Bobby Byrd, Vicki Anderson, and The Jewels contribute backing vocals. The song led to Brown meeting with Vice President Hubert Humphrey, who had been working on a stay-in-school program of his own.
An unedited version of the original recording of "Don't Be a Dropout" is included on the 1991 box set Star Time.
# Electoral district of Warrenheip

The electoral district of Warrenheip was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in the British colony, and later Australian state, of Victoria. Created in 1889, the electorate was abolished in 1927 when it became the electoral district of Warrenheip and Grenville.

## Members for Warrenheip

| Member | Party | Term |
| Edward Murphy | none | 1889–1900 |
| George Holden | none | 1900–1913 |
| Edmond Hogan | Labor Party | 1913–1927 |