OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carlos Veiga

Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho Veiga (Portuguese pronunciation:; born October 21, 1949, in Mindelo) is a Cape Verdean politician. He was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from April 4, 1991, to July 29, 2000.

## Early life and education

Veiga was born in 1949 in Mindelo, São Vicente to Alfredo José de Carvalho Veiga and Maria Augusta Wahnon. He later attended school in Praia on the island of Santiago, and later, he graduated in 1971 from the University of Lisbon with a degree in law. Veiga's Jewish maternal grandfather immigrated to Cape Verde from Gibraltar in the 1840s. He is Cape Verde's first ambassador to Israel of Jewish descent.

## Career

After briefly living in Angola from 1972 to 1974, Veiga returned to Cape Verde in 1975, the year that it became independent, to join the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). During his time in the PAIGC, Veiga served the Ministry of Public Administration from 1975 to 1980 as a judge. After leaving the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde, he resumed his legal career and led the bar of Cape Verde from 1982 to 1986.

## Politics

In 1985, Veiga was elected to the National Assembly as an independent candidate. Later, in 1989, Veiga was selected to become the president for the Movement for Democracy Party. After the 1991 elections, the Prime Minister of Cape Verde, Pedro Pires stepped down and Veiga took his place.
Veiga served as prime minister under President António Mascarenhas Monteiro, and resigned in July 2000 in order to stand as the MpD's candidate in the 2001 presidential election. He was succeeded as prime minister by Gualberto do Rosário.
In the 2001 presidential election, Veiga lost by 17 votes to Pedro Pires of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) in the second round of voting. He ran again for president in the 2006 presidential election, but he was defeated again by Pires. He ran for president a third time in the 2021 presidential election, and lost to José Maria Neves in the first round.
# Battle of Syme

The Battle of Syme was a naval battle in 411 BC between Sparta and Athens, during the Peloponnesian War. It took place near the island of Syme in the south-eastern Aegean Sea.
In 411 the Spartans made an alliance with Persia. The alliance was made by Therimenes, who handed the Spartan fleet over to Astyochus once the negotiations were complete; Therimenes later drowned at sea. Astyochus was instructed to sail to Cnidus to meet up with twenty-seven ships from Caunus, equipped for them by the Persians. Meanwhile, the Athenian fleet was stationed at Samos under the command of Charminus. Charminus knew the Spartans were coming, having been informed by the Melians, and prepared to meet Astyochus at Syme.
The fleets met during a storm, with poor visibility, and after many of the Spartan ships had become separated from the main fleet. With about twenty ships Charminus battled with the Spartan left wing, the only portion visible to him, and sank three ships. However, the rest of the Spartan fleet then arrived and surrounded the Athenians. Charminus retreated to Halicarnassus after losing six ships. The rest of the Athenian fleet came out from Samos and sailed to Cnidus, but neither side was willing to fight another battle.
# Meedo (spider)

Meedo is a genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Trachycosmidae, and was first described by Barbara York Main in 1987.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains thirteen species:
* Meedo bluff Platnick, 2002 – Australia (New South Wales)
* Meedo booti Platnick, 2002 – Australia (New South Wales)
* Meedo broadwater Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Queensland)
* Meedo cohuna Platnick, 2002 – eastern Australia
* Meedo flinders Platnick, 2002 – Australia (South Australia)
* Meedo gympie Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
* Meedo harveyi Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Western Australia)
* Meedo houstoni Main, 1987 (type) – Australia (Western Australia)
* Meedo mullaroo Platnick, 2002 – Australia (South Australia, Queensland to Victoria)
* Meedo munmorah Platnick, 2002 – Australia (New South Wales)
* Meedo ovtsharenkoi Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Western Australia)
* Meedo yarragin Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Western Australia)
* Meedo yeni Platnick, 2002 – Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria)
# Fernando Navarro (screenwriter)

Fernando Navarro (born 1980) is a Spanish screenwriter. He is also a music critic.

## Biography

Fernando Navarro was born in Granada in 1980. After considering to try to become a drummer for a music band, he started writing film screenplays. He has since penned or co-penned the screenplays of Toro, Spy Time, Veronica, Muse, Taxi to Gibraltar, Unknown Origins, Below Zero, A Perfect Enemy, and Venus. He has also formed part of the writing team of television series Matadero and ¿Qué fue de Jorge Sanz? [es].
He has been nominated twice to the Goya Awards; for Veronica (Best Original Screenplay) and for Unknown Origins (Best Adapted Screenplay).
In 2022, Navarro released his first book, Malaventura, published by Impedimenta.
# Homes Not Jails

Homes Not Jails is an American organization that is affiliated with the San Francisco Tenants Union. It describes itself as an all-volunteer organization committed to housing homeless people through direct action. The group was formed in 1992. Homes Not Jails does public actions as well as legislative advocacy and squatting (occupying empty buildings for free). Homes Not Jails groups do "housing takeovers", acts of civil disobedience in which vacant buildings are publicly occupied, to demonstrate the availability of vacant property and to advocate that it be used for housing. The group has done many such occupations. Homes Not Jails has also done and assisted with hundreds of "covert" squats in which vacant buildings are broken into so that people in need of housing can move in.

## History

Homes Not Jails began in 1992 in the wave of homeless activist groups that began nationwide following the economic recession of the 1980s. In addition to traditional homeless advocacy, Homes Not Jails has used squatting as a tactic since its first public takeover. The group began in fall of 1992 with the takeover of a building at 90 Golden Gate Avenue in the Tenderloin District. On Thanksgiving Day, shortly after this first occupation, the group held a rally and marched to another building at 250 Taylor Street, and publicly occupied it. There were originally about 30 members. Homes Not Jails has had extensive media coverage of its advocacy in support of affordable housing, its covert housing of people in vacant buildings, and its protection of buildings slated for demolition.
San Francisco Supervisor Angela Alioto introduced legislation in 2004 sponsored by Homes Not Jails that would allow the city to seize abandoned buildings and give them to nonprofit housing groups; these could employ homeless people to repair and live in them.

## Sweat equity

Sweat equity is the cornerstone of the Homes Not Jails philosophy. It is formulated to address the problem that most affordable housing is unaffordable for people with no income or people on General Assistance, Supplemental Security Income, or Aid to Families with Dependent Children.

## Covert squatting

Homes Not Jails relies on lists of addresses supplied by sympathizers and search teams. At least one search team a week has been organized since 1992. On any given search the teams open one to a half-dozen vacant buildings. From 1994 to 1999 over 250 search teams have opened between 700 and 800 buildings.
# Andy Uren

Andy Uren (born 20 February 1996) is an English professional rugby union player who plays scrum-half for the Benetton Rugby in United Rugby Championship.
From 2013 to 2023, he played for the Bristol Bears also in English Premiership Rugby.
Uren signed with Italian United Rugby Championship club Benetton a three-year contract from the 2023–24 season. He made his debut in Round 1 of the 2023–24 season against the Cardiff.
# Average true range

Average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis volatility indicator originally developed by J. Welles Wilder, Jr. for commodities. The indicator does not provide an indication of price trend, simply the degree of price volatility. The average true range is an N-period smoothed moving average (SMMA) of the true range values. Wilder recommended a 14-period smoothing.

## Calculation

The range of a day's trading is simply ${\text{high}}-{\text{low}}$. The true range extends it to yesterday's closing price if it was outside of today's range.
    ${\text{TR}}={\max[({\text{high}}-{\mbox{low}}),\operatorname {abs} ({\text{high}}-{\text{close}}_{\text{prev}}),\operatorname {abs} ({\text{low}}-{\text{close}}_{\text{prev}})]}\,$
The true range is the largest of the:
* Most recent period's high minus the most recent period's low
* Absolute value of the most recent period's high minus the previous close
* Absolute value of the most recent period's low minus the previous close
The formula can be simplified to:
    ${\text{TR}}={\max({\text{high}},{\text{close}}_{\text{prev}})-\operatorname {min} ({\text{low}},{\text{close}}_{\text{prev}})}\,$
The ATR at the moment of time t is calculated using the following formula: (This is one form of an exponential moving average)
    $ATR_{t}={{ATR_{t-1}\times (n-1)+TR_{t}} \over n}$
The first ATR value is calculated using the arithmetic mean formula:
    $ATR={1 \over n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}TR_{i}$
N.B. This first value is the first in the time series (not the most recent) and is n periods from the beginning of the chart.
The idea of ranges is that they show the commitment or enthusiasm of traders. Large or increasing ranges suggest traders prepared to continue to bid up or sell down a stock through the course of the day. Decreasing range suggests waning interest.

## Applicability to futures contracts vs. stocks

Since true range and ATR are calculated by subtracting prices, the volatility they compute does not change when historical prices are back-adjusted by adding or subtracting a constant to every price. Back-adjustments are often employed when splicing together individual monthly futures contracts to form a continuous futures contract spanning a long period of time. However the standard procedures used to compute volatility of stock prices, such as the standard deviation of logarithmic price ratios, are not invariant (to addition of a constant). Thus futures traders and analysts typically use one method (ATR) to calculate volatility, while stock traders and analysts typically use standard deviation of log price ratios.

## Use in position size calculation

Apart from being a trend strength gauge, ATR serves as an element of position sizing in financial trading. Current ATR value (or a multiple of it) can be used as the size of the potential adverse movement (stop-loss distance) when calculating the trade volume based on trader's risk tolerance. In this case, ATR provides a self-adjusting risk limit dependent on the market volatility for strategies without a fixed stop-loss placement.
# Alfred Eugene Bradley

Alfred Eugene Bradley (November 25, 1864 – December 17, 1922) was a career surgeon that served in the United States Army. He commanded the Hospital ship USS Relief and served as Chief Surgeon at General Headquarters for the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I.

## Early life and education

Bradley was born in Jamestown, New York. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, in 1887. Bradley interned at Philadelphia Hospital from 1887 to 1888. On October 4, 1887, he married his wife, Letitia Follette.

## Military career

Bradley was appointed assistant surgeon, United States Army on October 29, 1888. He took part in the Pine Ridge campaign of 1890 and 1891. Bradley was promoted to captain, assistant surgeon, on October 29, 1893. He served as a major and was a brigade surgeon during the Spanish–American War.
From 1898 to 1899, he commanded the hospital ship USS Relief, which sailed around the world from New York to San Francisco. On November 10, 1899, he was honorably discharged from the volunteer service. Bradley was promoted to a major, medical corps on January 1, 1902.
From 1911 to 1913, he commanded the division hospital in Manila. Bradley was promoted to colonel, Medical Corps, on July 1, 1916, and from May 1916 to July 1917 he was an observer with the British at the American embassy in London. On August 5, 1917, Bradley was promoted to brigadier general and became the acting Chief Surgeon at General Headquarters (AEF), in Chaumont, France. He would receive the Distinguished Service Medal for his service. After developing lung trouble, he was found physically incapacitated, and was discharged from the national army on June 28, 1918. Bradley retired from the United States Army on March 13, 1920.

## Medals

Bradley received the Distinguished Service Medal in World War I under this citation "As chief surgeon, A. E. F., he gave his utmost energy and individual devotion to the duty of planning and organizing the work of the Medical Department in France during a period fraught with untold difficulties. To his foresight was largely due the successful operations of that department when it was called upon to meet the demands that were subsequently made upon it. War Department, General Order No. 12, 17 January 1919."

## Death and legacy

After retiring from the military, Bradley wrote for medical journals from his home. Bradley died on December 17, 1922, in Montgomery, Alabama, at the age of fifty-eight. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
His papers are held by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Association Library, the Library of Congress, and the College of William & Mary.
# Coal Mines Historic Site

Coal Mines Historic Site was a convict probation station and the site of Tasmania's (then Van Diemen's Land's) first operational coal mine, serving for a period of 15 years (1833–1848) "as a place of punishment for the 'worst class' of convicts from Port Arthur".
It is now the site of a collection of ruins and landscape modifications located amongst bushland facing onto the Tasman Peninsula's Little Norfolk Bay, being ruins and landscape modifications of such cultural significance to Australia and to the World that the site has been formally inscribed onto both the Australian National Heritage List and UNESCO's World Heritage list as amongst:
   ... the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts.
# Bittium xanthum

Bittium xanthum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae.
# Anna Warner Bailey

Anna Warner Bailey (11 October 1758 – 10 January 1851) was a popular American revolutionary heroine known as "Mother Bailey".

## Biography

Anna Warner was born in Groton, Connecticut in 11 October 1758. She was an orphan raised by her Uncle Edward Mills.
During the battle of Fort Griswold, Mills was amongst the soldiers. Bailey walked to the scene of the battle to find her uncle mortally wounded. Bailey returned home, saddled a horse for her aunt and then carried her baby cousin back to the fort to see Mills before he died. She also tended to other wounded combatants.
The story became a favorite story of the revolution. Bailey's future husband, Captain Elijah Bailey, was also in the battle and spent some time as a prisoner of war of the British. After the war, Captain Bailey became the postmaster of their home town. In later years, during the 1812 War against the English, Bailey again came to the aid of the soldiers defending New London from a blockading English Fleet. On being told that the soldiers were running low on cartridge wadding she took off her petticoat and told them to use that. She became a celebrity in the aftermath of the war. Bailey died in Groton in 1851 and is buried in Starr Burying Ground Cemetery, Groton, Connecticut. She is locally remembered in the chapter name of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

## Sources

* ↑ "Memoir of Anna Bailey". Windham County Democrat. 16 July 1851. p. 4.
* 1 2 "American patriot: Anna Warner Bailey". Encyclopedia Britannica.
* 1 2 "Bailey, Anna Warner (1758–1851) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages.
* 1 2 "Anna Warner Bailey 1758 ~ 1851". www.ahgp.org.
* 1 2 Hannan, Caryn (1 January 2008). Connecticut Biographical Dictionary. State History Publications. ISBN 978-1-878592-59-0.
* ↑ "Groton City to seek proposals for Mother Bailey House". The Day. 2019-01-28.
* ↑ "Bailey, Anna Warner, 1758-1851". digital.librarycompany.org. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections.
* ↑ "AnnaWarnerBaileyDAR.org - Anna Warner Bailey". www.annawarnerbaileydar.org.
# Bucephalandra oncophora

Bucephalandra oncophora is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Kalimantan on Borneo. It is an obligate rheophyte, found on pentlandite (an iron–nickel sulfide mineral) alongside streams.
# Hans Hansson (ice hockey)

Hans Nils Erik Hansson (born 26 November 1949) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player.
He competed as a member of the Sweden men's national ice hockey team at the 1972 Winter Olympics held in Japan.
# Avonwick

Avonwick is a village in the civil parish of North Huish, in the South Hams district, in the county of Devon, England. The River Avon runs through the settlement and the village's name derives from avon meaning river, and wick an old word for village, but it was not so named until the 1870s, previously being known as Newhouse.
Avonwick has about 120 houses in the main village and has rapidly grown in size over the last few years, with three developments adding 17 houses in the late 1990s, 7 houses in 2000 and 33 houses in 2012.
The village church, dedicated to St James in 1878, is one of only a few proprietary chapels remaining in the country. The village also has a pub, one of the oldest lawn tennis clubs in the world and a garage, with a further restaurant on the road to South Brent. The village had a succession of shops from 1871, but the last village shop closed in 2018.
The village has one of the oldest walkways in Devon: known as the Cobbly Way or Cobbly Walk, the cobbled track alongside the river shows traces of ancient cart ruts over its 400-yard length.
Avonwick railway station opened about 0.5 miles (1 kilometre) outside the village in 1893, on the branch line between South Brent and Kingsbridge. The station and line closed in 1963.
# Club Deportivo Boca Juniors

Club Deportivo Boca Juniors (sometimes referred to as Boca Juniors de Chiclayo) is a Peruvian football club, founded in the city of Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru.

## History

The Club Deportivo Boca Juniors was founded on December 31, 1926. The club was named in honor of the Argentine sports club Boca Juniors.

## Rivalries

Boca Juniors has had a long-standing rivalry with the local club San Lorenzo de Almagro.

## Honours
### Regional

* Liga Departamental de Lambayeque:
       Winners (2): 1976, 1994
* Liga Provincial de Chiclayo:
       Winners (3): 1976, 1994, 2022
* Liga Distrital de Chiclayo:
       Winners (20): 1935, 1941, 1942, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1957, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1976, 1983, 1994, 2022, 2023, 2024
       Runner-up (2): 1960, 1966
# Erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.72) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    D-erythrose 4-phosphate + NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 4-phosphoerythronate + NADH + 2 H$^+$
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-erythrose 4-phosphate, NAD$^+$, and H$_2$O, whereas its 3 products are 4-phosphoerythronat, NADH, and H$^+$. [explainpolicedepartment]
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-erythrose 4-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include erythrose 4-phosphate dehydrogenase, E4PDH, GapB, Epd dehydrogenase, and E4P dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in vitamin B$_6$ metabolism (see DXP-dependent biosynthesis of pyridoxal phosphate).
# Margaret Jobson

Margaret Ann Louise Jobson (born 14 March 1955) is a Jamaican diplomat. She has served as a member of diplomatic staff and as ambassador of Jamaica to Germany, with dual accreditation to a number of European countries.

## Career

Jobson was born in Manchester Parish, Jamaica on 14 March 1955. She graduated from the University of the West Indies in 1977 and worked as a researcher at the Institute of Jamaica from 1977 to 1978. She then became administrator of the Language Training Centre at the Ministry of Public Service from 1978 until 1980, and then an office manager at Language Today Limited from 1980 to 1981. In 1982 she was appointed assistant to the regional adviser for education and development, and then regional adviser for Sciences and Technologies of the Caribbean Office of UNESCO until 1985. In 1985 she became an administrative assistant at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and in 1986 became senior program assistant there. In 1989 Jobson was given responsibility for the Program and Projects Management Department at the United Nations Development Programme, which she held until 1994. In 1995 she became National Program Officer for Jamaica and the Turks and Caicos Islands for the UNDP and in 1996 she was Agency Coordinator of the Public Sector Modernization Project. She was in this post until 2003, during which time she graduated from her alma mater, the University of the West Indies, with a master's degree in Human Resources Development in 2000. In 2003 she became Undersecretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade, and in November 2013 was appointed ambassador of Jamaica to Germany.
The ambassador of Jamaica to Germany is resident in Berlin and is concurrently accredited as the non-resident ambassador to Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Holy See, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. On 20 November 2013 she presented letters of accreditation to President of Germany Joachim Gauck at the Bellevue Palace.
Over the next two years she visited the countries she is also accredited to, to formally present her credentials. On 15 May 2014 she presented letters of accreditation to Pope Francis at the Vatican, and 27 June 2014 she presented letters of accreditation to President of Russia Vladimir Putin in the Kremlin, Moscow. On 1 September 2014 she presented letters of accreditation to Romanian Secretary of State Radu Podgorean and on 2 September 2014 to President of Romania Traian Băsescu. On 20 May 2015 Jobson presented letters of accreditation to the Czech Republic in Prague, and on 8 September 2016 she was in Kyiv to present her accreditation to President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko.
Jobson is married, with a son. She speaks English and Spanish.
# Bucephalandra forcipula

Bucephalandra forcipula is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Kalimantan on Borneo. It is an obligate rheophyte, found on granite waterfalls.
# Fernando Po speirops

The Fernando Po speirops (Zosterops brunneus), also known as the Bioko speirops, is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. The species is wholly restricted to the higher elevations of Pico Basilé. It is threatened by habitat loss and is considered vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of threatened species.
The bird is all brown in colour, with a darker brown upper part and paler lower part. The population size is estimated to fall between 10,000 and 19,999 individuals. The habitat of the bird is on the higher slopes (usually above 1900m in elevation), where it inhabits lichen forest and montane heathland. It usually associates in small groups of from four to five and eats insects from trees and also takes fruit and seeds as a food source.