OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Esmolol

Esmolol, sold under the brand name Brevibloc, is a cardio selective beta$_1$ receptor blocker with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilising activity at therapeutic dosages.
It is a class II antiarrhythmic. Esmolol decreases the force and rate of heart contractions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, which are found in the heart and other organs of the body. Esmolol prevents the action of two naturally occurring substances: epinephrine and norepinephrine.
It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1987.

## Medical uses

To terminate supraventricular tachycardia,
Episodic atrial fibrillation or flutter,
Arrhythmia during anaesthesia,
To reduce HR and BP during and after cardiac surgery, and
In early treatment of myocardial infarction.
Esmolol is also used in blunting the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.

## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics

Esmolol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is selective for the β$_1$-adrenergic receptor and has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

### Pharmacokinetics

Esmolol is considered a soft drug, one that is rapidly metabolized to an inactive form. Esmolol is rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ester linkage, chiefly by the esterases in the cytosol of red blood cells and not by plasma cholinesterases or red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase. Total body clearance in man was found to be about 20 L/kg/hr, which is greater than cardiac output; thus the metabolism of esmolol is not limited by the rate of blood flow to metabolizing tissues such as the liver or affected by hepatic or renal blood flow. Esmolol's short duration of action is based on the ester-methyl side chain which allows for quick hydrolysis. Esmolol's structure is reflected in its name, es-molol as in ester-methyl. Plasma cholinesterases and red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase do not have any action. This metabolism results in the formation of a free acid and methanol. The amount of methanol produced is similar to endogenous methanol production. Esmolol has a rapid distribution half-life of about two minutes and an elimination half-life of about nine minutes.
Esmolol is classified as a beta blocker with low lipophilicity and hence lower potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier. This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects.
# Battlebikes

Battlebikes is a supplement published by Games Workshop in 1984 for the near-future post-apocalyptic combat board game Battlecars.

## Gameplay

Battlebikes adds combat motorcycles to the game. The components include
* cards and counters for six motorcycles
* weapon counters
* a rulebook
In addition to new rules about combat motorcycles, the rulebook includes two scenarios. In one scenario, "Raid on Taccoville", seven townspeople try to stop three bikers from robbing a bank. In the second scenario, "Smokey Joe's Cafe", four bikers take on two combat cars.

## Publication history

Battlebikes, the first expansion for Battlecars, was designed by Gary Chalk, Albie Fiore and Ian Livingstone.

## Reception

Chris Baylis reviewed Battlebikes for Imagine magazine, and stated that "I am sorry to report that this boxed set has very little to offer either as an expansion kit to Battlecars, or as a game in its own right (using the Battlecars playing boards of course)."
In the August 1984 edition of White Dwarf (Issue #56), Ian Waddelow thought that "the introduction of armoured motorcycles is a welcome addition" to Battlecars, but wondered why no new weapons had been developed. He admired the two scenarios, calling them "the nicest feature of this supplement, and I hope there'll be more printed in the future." He concluded by giving the supplement an average overall rating of 7 out of 10, saying, "If you liked Battlecars then Battlebikes is a winner, though a few new weapons would have been nice."
# Doğantaş, Kaş

Doğantaş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kaş, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 627 (2022).
# North Point Ferry Pier

North Point Ferry Pier (Chinese: 北角碼頭) is a ferry pier in North Point, Hong Kong and it is near the site of the former North Point Estate (北角邨). It started operation in 1963. In 1979, a second passenger berth opened that is located west of the older one.
Until 14 May 2016, the large open-air North Point Ferry Pier Bus Terminus was situated immediately inland of the pier, but that has now been relocated one block east, as 'North Point Ferry Pier Public Transport Interchange' under a new building, and a new building is being erected on the old bus station site.

## Destinations

| Destination English | Ferry Pier Name English |
| Hung Hom | Hung Hom Ferry Pier |
| Ma Tau Kok | Kowloon City Ferry Pier |
| Kwun Tong | Kwun Tong Ferry Pier |
| Kwun Tong | Kwun Tong Ferry Pier (Dangerous Goods Vehicles (DGV) only) |
| Mui Wo | Mui Wo (Dangerous Goods Vehicles (DGV) only) |
| Discovery Bay | Discovery Bay (Dangerous Goods Vehicles (DGV) only) |
# Magic Fountain

Magic Fountain may refer to:
* The Magic Fountain, a 1961 film
* Magic Fountain (film), a 1963 film
* Magic Fountain (EP), an EP by Art vs. Science
** "Magic Fountain" (song)
* Magic Fountain of Montjuïc, in Barcelona
# Halanaerobacter jeridensis

Halanaerobacter jeridensis is an obligatory anaerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Halanaerobacter which has been isolated from the Jerid lake in Tunisia.
# Arthur Mainwaring Bowen

Arthur Charles Mainwaring Bowen (24 March 1922 – 31 January 1980) was a Welsh solicitor who founded the charity "British Rheumatism & Arthritis Association" (now known as "Versus Arthritis").

## Early life

Born to an English mother and a Welsh father, Bowen spent his earliest years on his family's farm, Pentrebach in Pontyberem, Carmarthenshire.
He was educated at Gwendraeth Grammar School, and left with a higher school certificate. In 1940 he started studying history at University College, Aberystwyth. From there he was awarded a Welsh Church Scholarship to read history at Oxford University.
In 1941 he fell while training with the Officer Training Corps in Aberystwyth, which triggered the rheumatic condition ankylosing spondylitis. He was bed-ridden initially while he was treated in Cardiff Hospital in 1941, then in the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in 1942. He was consequently unable to take up his place at Oxford and this experience gave him the idea of a national charity to assist young people with rheumatism in their educational ambitions.
Bowen continued to struggle with his own education while also garnering support for his idea of a charity. He began a course in architecture in 1943 which he had to abandon because of his health. In 1946 he graduated from the University of London with a BA in economics, constitutional law and history.

## British Rheumatism and Arthritis Association (arthritis care)

Bowen conceived the idea of a national charity to assist young people with arthritis and rheumatism in their education in 1942. He spent most of the time he was in hospital lobbying MPs, medics, the press and various members of the aristocracy, which led to the formation of the British Rheumatism and Arthritis Association in 1947. In 1949, Bowen took on the formal role of executive vice-president, and in 1976 became the charity's honorary legal adviser.
In 2017 Arthritis Care was the largest UK charity delivering services to arthritis patients, with 170 branches, over 10,000 members and £5.5 million of assets.

## Other philanthropic activities

From 1943 to 1945 Bowen campaigned for Further Education for disabled ex-service men and women. He initiated a number of smaller-scale organisations, including the "BRA Holiday Hotel scheme" (1956), the BRA Home South-West (1973), the National Disabled Youth Centre Trust (1975), the Torbay Arthritis Clinic (1970) and the Torbay Sheltered Workshop (1972). He was the chairman of the Torbay and District Disablement Advisory Committee (Dept. of Employment) 1969 - 1975. He was also a trustee of the Pinder Children's Trust and the Open University Medical Society (dates unknown).

## Personal life

Bowen was married to Helen Patricia Cope, an occupational therapist, on 29 August 1953. They had one daughter Philippa, and one son Jonathan born in 1962. He died on 31 January 1980.
# 1898 Notre Dame football team

The 1898 Notre Dame football team was an American football team that represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1898 college football season. In its third season with Frank E. Hering as coach, the team compiled a 4–2 record, shut out four opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 155 to 34.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 8 | at Illinois | Illinois FieldChampaign, IL | W 5–0 |
| October 15 | Michigan Agricultural | Brownson Hall fieldNotre Dame, IN (rivalry) | W 53–0 |
| October 22 | at Michigan | Regents FieldAnn Arbor, MI (rivalry) | L 0–23 |
| October 28 | DePauw | Brownson Hall fieldNotre Dame, IN | W 32–0 |
| November 5 | Indiana | Brownson Hall fieldNotre Dame, IN | L 5–11 |
| November 19 | at Albion | Albion, MI | W 60–0 |
# Elephind

Elephind was a search engine for digitized versions of newspapers from various countries, with the goal of making it possible to search all digitized newspapers from a single website. As of July 2021, 3,600,000 newspapers were accessible on the website, many of them not accessible through Google. The website was shut down mid-October 2023.

## Function

Elephind was a search engine specifically for digitized versions of historical newspapers, allowing the user to freely search across various newspaper archive websites instead of visiting each individual site. When the user clicked on a search result, they were directed to the online archive where it could be accessed. The collection was international, with newspapers from various countries included.
As of July 2021, 3,600,000 newspapers were accessible on Elephind. Many of the newspapers were on the deep web and could not be accessed through other search engines such as Google.
Optional registration allowed users to bookmark and comment on newspapers.
Elephind used software from Veridian Software, which was spun out of Greenstone.

## Termination

Between 8 October and 13 October 2023, the website was shut down. Since then, it only contains the following message:
   The Elephind.com online newspaper search system has been taken offline. To view free and searchable online newspapers see the list of newspaper projects on the Veridian website.
# Esmond, Illinois

Esmond is an unincorporated community in South Grove Township, DeKalb County, Illinois, United States.

## Geography

Esmond is located at 42°02′01″N 88°56′08″W﻿ / ﻿42.03361°N 88.93556°W﻿ / 42.03361; -88.93556 (42.0336383, -88.9356512).
# Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project

The Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Program (ELSSCAP) is an organization at Emory Law School dedicated to representing clients in the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed in 2010, the project joined a growing class of Supreme Court Clinics that provide expert representation under the guidance of experienced litigators. ELSSCAP principally represents clients on petitions for writ of certiorari, in opposition to certiorari, on the merits, or as amicus curiae. The program was founded by Professor David J. Bederman and Kedar Bhatia, then a first-year law student and now a contributor on SCOTUSBlog.com. Professor Paul Koster currently oversees the work of the group.
ELSSCAP filed four amicus briefs and two petitions for writ of certiorari in its first year. It has been recognized for its public service efforts and profiled in the National Law Journal for an amicus brief it filed in Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders representing a group of medical professionals. That amicus brief was later cited by Justice Stephen Breyer in his dissenting opinion in the case. In addition to advocating for clients, the project seeks to educate law students about the Supreme Court and about Supreme Court litigation through trips to the Supreme Court, guest speakers, and support for internship and job opportunities.
On October 29, 2012, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in the fourth case taken by the group, Bullock v. BankChampaign N.A.
Since 2010, ELSSCAP has filed over 40 pleadings with the Supreme Court, including cert petitions and amicus briefs.
ELSSCAP is run by an annually elected student executive board. The current director for the 2019–2020 school year is Colby Moore. Other board member positions include Deputy Director, Director of Operations, Director of Case Services, Director of Outreach, Director of Membership, Executive Editor, and 1L Representative.

## Case application process

Prospective clients may submit claims for consideration on ELSSCAP's website. Once submitted, the executive board will consider whether to accept the case.
https://law.emory.edu/student-life/student-organizations/emory-law-school-supreme-court-advocacy-program-elsscap.html
# Hepialiscus robinsoni

Hepialiscus robinsoni is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to Taiwan.
# Doğanpınar, Oğuzeli

Doğanpınar, formerly and still informally known as Haral, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 360 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Barak tribe and Abdals of the Kurular tribe.
# Maidemau

Maidemau is a village in Lalganj block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 9 km from Lalganj, the block and tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,027 people, in 186 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Maidemau as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 562 people (263 male and 299 female), in 93 households and 71 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 360 acres and it had a library at that point.
The 1981 census recorded Maidemau as having a population of 740 people, in 125 households, and having an area of 146.09 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.
# Halamphora

Halamphora is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Amphipleuraceae.
The genus was first described by C. Mereschkowsky in 1903.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Halamphora coffeaeformis
* Halamphora hybrida
# Ashley Hall

Ashley Hall may refer to:
* Ashley Hall, Cheshire, a country house in England
* Ashley Hall (Charleston, South Carolina), a school in the U.S.
* Ashley Hall, Lancashire, a country house in England
* Ashley Hall (musician) (born 1959), an American musician
* Ashley Hall (golfer) (born 1983), Australian professional golfer
# Archimbaud

Archimbaud is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aline Archimbaud (born 1948), French politician
* Jean Pierre Archimbaud (born 1994), Peruvian footballer
* Louis Archimbaud (1705–1789), French composer
# Electoral results for the district of Western Division of Camden

Western Division of Camden, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales was created in 1856 and abolished in 1859.

## Members

| Election | Member | Party | Member | Party |
| 1856 | James Macarthur | None | John Oxley | None |
| 1856 by | James Macarthur | None | John Oxley | None |
| 1858 | James Macarthur | None | William Wild | None |

## Election results
### Elections in the 1850s
#### 1858

1858 New South Wales colonial election: Western Division of Camden 21 January :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| James Macarthur (re-elected 1) | James Macarthur (re-elected 1) | 366 | 40.1 |
| William Wild (elected 2) | William Wild (elected 2) | 358 | 39.3 |
| John Oxley (defeated) | John Oxley (defeated) | 188 | 20.6 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 912 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 912 | 53.5 |

#### 1856 by-election

1856 Western Division of Camden by-election Monday 16 June :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| James Macarthur (re-elected) | James Macarthur (re-elected) | unopposed | |

#### 1856

1856 New South Wales colonial election: Western Division of Camden :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| John Oxley (elected) | John Oxley (elected) | unopposed | |
| James Macarthur (elected) | James Macarthur (elected) | unopposed | |
# Esselenichthys

Esselenichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. These fishes are found in the eastern central Pacific Ocean.

## Species

The following species are classified within the genus Esselenichthys:
* Esselenichthys carli (Follett & Anderson, 1990)
* Esselenichthys laurae (Follett & Anderson, 1990)
# Emory McClintock

Emory McClintock (1840–1916), born John Emory McClintock was an American actuary, born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Columbia University, where he was tutor in mathematics in 1859–1860. From 1863 to 1866 he served as United States consular agent at Bradford, England. He served as president of the American Mathematical Society in 1890–1894 and of the Actuarial Society of America in 1895–1897.

## Early life and career

He was born to John and Caroline Augusta Wakeman McClintock. His father was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who was also a professor of mathematics, and ancient languages at Dickinson College in Carlisle. His father was also involved in an 1847 a riot over slavery, as he tried to prevent slavechasers from taking African-American citizens of Pennsylvania into slavery. He was actuary of the Asbury Life Insurance Company, New York (1867–1871), of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, (1871–1889), and of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, New York (1889–1911).
At the Mutual, he was vice president from 1905 to 1911, a trustee after 1905, and a consulting actuary after 1911.
# Bradly Sinden

Bradly John Sinden (born 19 September 1998) is a British Taekwondo athlete who won gold at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships, becoming the first British male World Taekwondo champion.
At the following 2020 Summer Olympics, he reached the final in his weight category where he won a silver medal, losing 34–29 against Ulugbek Rashitov. Sinden's medal was the first medal guaranteed for Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics when he qualified for the 68 kg final, although judoku Chelsie Giles was the first to actually have the colour of her medal confirmed and medal awarded.
He won the silver medal in the men's featherweight event at the 2022 World Taekwondo Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico before taking his first European title in Manchester in 2022.
At the 2024 Summer Olympics, Sinden lost in the semis-finals and withdrew from his bronze medal match due to injury.
# Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put

The women's shot put event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union had an entry list of 14 competitors. The final was held on Thursday 24 July 1980. Slupianek scored a distance of 21.85.

## Medalists

| Gold | Ilona Slupianek East Germany |
| Silver | Svetlana Krachevskaia Soviet Union |
| Bronze | Margitta Pufe East Germany |

## Abbreviations

* All results shown are in metres
| Q | automatic qualification |
| q | qualification by rank |
| DNS | did not start |
| NM | no mark |
| OR | olympic record |
| WR | world record |
| AR | area record |
| NR | national record |
| PB | personal best |
| SB | season best |

## Records

Standing records prior to the 1980 Summer Olympics :
| World Record | Ilona Slupianek (GDR) | 22.45 m | May 10, 1980 | Potsdam, East Germany |
| Olympic Record | Ivanka Khristova (BUL) | 21.16 m | July 31, 1976 | Montreal, Canada |
| Broken records during the 1980 Summer Olympics |||||
| Olympic Record | Margitta Pufe (GDR) | 21.20 m | July 24, 1980 | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Olympic Record | Ilona Slupianek (GDR) | 22.41 m | July 24, 1980 | Moscow, Soviet Union |

## Final

| Rank | Athlete | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Attempts | Distance | Note |
| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Distance | Note |
| | Ilona Slupianek (GDR) | 22.41 | 21.81 | 21.42 | 21.60 | 22.00 | 21.85 | 22.41 m | OR |
| | Svetlana Krachevskaya (URS) | 20.00 | 20.67 | 21.42 | X | 21.03 | X | 21.42 m | |
| | Margitta Pufe (GDR) | 21.20 | 21.07 | 20.42 | 20.72 | 20.05 | 20.36 | 21.20 m | |
| 4 | Nunu Abashidze (URS) | 20.74 | X | X | X | 20.02 | 21.15 | 21.15 m | |
| 5 | Verzhinia Veselinova (BUL) | 20.72 | 19.75 | 20.55 | 20.37 | X | X | 20.72 m | |
| 6 | Elena Stoyanova (BUL) | 20.22 | 19.80 | 19.56 | 19.83 | 20.00 | 20.18 | 20.22 m | |
| 7 | Natalya Akhrimenko (URS) | 19.64 | 19.63 | 19.74 | X | X | 19.28 | 19.74 m | |
| 8 | Ines Reichenbach (GDR) | 19.19 | 19.66 | 19.49 | 19.03 | 19.65 | 19.63 | 19.66 m | |
| 9 | María Elena Sarría (CUB) | 19.20 | 19.37 | 18.91 | | | | 19.37 m | |
| 10 | Zdena Bartoňová (TCH) | 17.43 | 18.40 | X | | | | 18.40 m | |
| 11 | Ivanka Petrova (BUL) | 18.34 | X | 18.28 | | | | 18.34 m | |
| 12 | Gael Mulhall (AUS) | 17.45 | X | 18.00 | | | | 18.00 m | |
| 13 | Angela Littlewood (GBR) | 16.14 | 16.35 | 17.53 | | | | 17.53 m | |
| 14 | Cinzia Petrucci (ITA) | 17.17 | 17.00 | 17.27 | | | | 17.27 m | |
# Dolichoderus gagates

Dolichoderus gagates is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Described by Emery in 1890, the species is endemic to multiple countries, including Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela.
# Delphi Baptist Church

The Delphi Baptist Church, also known as Delphi Falls United Church, is a historic Baptist church located at Delphi Falls, New York, Onondaga County, New York. It was built in 1815 and is the only surviving nearly-original church in Onondaga County surviving from the Federal period. A very large, old, and well-lit church, it features large "twenty over twenty sash windows", consisting of 20 glass panes in each of upper and lower sashes.
It listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1979.

## Gallery

* A 20 over 20 sash window
* Church view
* Stone steps over cemetery wall, with iron railing
# Andre Gianfagna

Andre Gianfagna (born 4 December 1987) is an Australian rules football umpire field officiator in the Australian Football League. He was formerly AFL-listed as a player at Melbourne.
He was drafted to Melbourne Football Club with pick 51 in the 2006 rookie draft and was delisted at the end of his first season without playing a senior game.
He then captained the Northern Blues in the Victorian Football League, before joining the AFL rookie umpiring list in 2016. He was upgraded to the senior list for the 2018 season and made his umpiring debut that year.
# Ashburton County

Ashburton County was one of the counties of New Zealand in the South Island. The council first met on 4 January 1877 in the Ashburton Road Board office. It became part of Ashburton District Council in 1989, together with Ashburton Borough Council.
# Dorena–Hickman Ferry

The Dorena–Hickman Ferry is a ferry across the Mississippi River between Dorena, Missouri and Hickman, Kentucky. A single boat takes vehicular traffic across the river seven days a week during daylight hours. Missouri Route 77 connects to the Missouri side while Kentucky Route 1354 connects to the Kentucky side.
It provides the only direct road connection between the two states' mainlands; however, they are indirectly connected at Cairo, Illinois via US 60/US 62 over the Cairo Mississippi River Bridge and the Cairo Ohio River Bridge, both just above the mouth of the Ohio River. Nonetheless, since the Ohio is the historic division between the upper & lower parts of the Mississippi, this ferry is the farthest-upstream crossing of the Lower Mississippi; the two Cairo bridges are the farthest-downstream crossings of the Upper Mississippi and the Ohio, respectively.