OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Meline Toumani

Meline Toumani (born 1975) is an American author and journalist. Her memoir There Was and There Was Not: A Journey Through Hate and Possibility in Turkey, Armenia, and Beyond was a finalist for the 2014 National Book Critics Circle Award for Autobiography and 2015 Dayton Literary Peace Prize. In 2019, she joined the faculty at Bard College to teach in their Globalization and International Affairs program.

## Early life and education

Toumani was born to Iranian-Armenian parents in Tehran, Iran, although her family moved to North America by the time she turned two. She grew up in an Armenian community in New Jersey and attended Camp Armenia in Massachusetts where she learned Genocide doctrines. One of the focuses of the camp was to teach hatred of Turkish natives and when she grew older, she used their various newsletters in her memoir.
Toumani graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and public policy, before enrolling in the Cultural Reporting and Criticism Program at New York University.

## Career

After graduating, Toumani moved to Russia to serve as the coordinator of the Russian American Journalism Institute. She began her journalism career as an editorial assistant for the New York Times, during which she witnessed the spread of Anti-Turkish sentiments across North America. As a result, in 2005, she flew to Turkey and spent four years in Istanbul conducting research on the Turkish point of view of history. In 2007, she was selected as a journalism fellow in residence at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna.
In 2014, Toumani combined her research into a memoir titled There Was and There Was Not: A Journey Through Hate and Possibility in Turkey, Armenia, and Beyond. In the book, she examines both sides of the 1915 Armenian genocide from a native and diasporic view. She examines her own childhood in which she was taught Anti-Turkish ideals and her research conducted in Istanbul with politicians and locals. Her memoir was later named a finalist for the 2014 National Book Critics Circle Award for Autobiography and 2015 Dayton Literary Peace Prize.
In 2019, she joined the faculty at Bard College to teach in their Globalization and International Affairs program. Toumani teaches creative nonfiction at Goucher College.
# Echeta divisa

Echeta divisa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1855. It is found in Peru and Colombia.
# Echeta juno

Echeta juno is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1892. It is found in French Guiana and Brazil.
# Echeta milesi

Echeta milesi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1922. It is found in Brazil.
# 239 Adrastea

239 Adrastea is a main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 18 August 1884 in Vienna, and was named after the Greek nymph Adrasteia. This asteroid is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.97 AU with a period of 5.11 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.23. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 6.17° to the plane of the ecliptic.
Photometric data collected during 2009 were used for light curve analysis of this asteroid, yielding a rotation period of 18.48±0.03 h with a brightness variation of 0.45±0.05 in magnitude. The result is close to the 18.347±0.003 h period from a study performed in 2003. The asteroid is roughly 42 km in diameter.
# Dianne Ruth Pettis

Dianne Ruth Pettis (1955 – 13 May 2008) was a novelist and journalist from New Zealand.

## Background

Pettis was born in Waipawa, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. In addition to her novels, poetry, and short stories, she worked as a journalist, a script writer for the Natural History Unit and a communications manager.

## Works
### Novels

* Like Small Bones (2004)
* The First Touch of Light (2009)

### Poetry

Pettis' poetry and short fiction have been included in Landfall, Sport and Takahe, and broadcast on Radio New Zealand. Her work was also included in:
* Under Flagstaff: and Anthology of Dunedin Poetry (2004), edited by Robin Law
* Swings and Roundabouts (2008), edited by Emma Neale

## Awards

Like Small Bones, was shortlisted for the Best First Book section in the Asia Pacific region for the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize. In 2006 she was awarded the Robert Burns Fellowship, a literary residency at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
# Melissodes paroselae

Melissodes paroselae, the parosela long-horned bee, is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Membrane Theory

Membrane Theory may refer to:
* M-theory, a theory in physics that unifies all of the consistent versions of superstring theory
* Membrane theory of shells, describes the mechanical properties of shells
* Membrane potential, a theory that explained the resting potential of nerve and muscle as a diffusion potential
# Merchant Express Aviation

Merchant Express Aviation was a cargo airline flying out of Lagos, Nigeria.

## Fleet

Merchant Express Aviation used only one aircraft, a Boeing 707 that flew regularly from Africa to European cities, such as Ostend, Belgium. The aircraft's registration was 5N-MXX.

## Brief history

Merchant Express Aviation flew around the 1990s. Just like many other cargo airlines from around the world, the company gave the venerable 707 jet another chance to fly for a company (other cargo airlines use the DC-8 also). Competition from such European cargo airlines like Cargo Lion, Cargolux and Germany's DHL, combined with the poor economic situation of Nigeria during the time (which also had to do with Nigeria Airways' demise) to precipitate the cargo airline company's demise before the 2000s had arrived.

## Code data

* ICAO Code: MXX
* Callsign: MERCHANT

## Destinations

From Lagos to many European cities.
# Edgar Moline

Edgar Robert Moline (2 January 1855 – 16 December 1943) was an Anglo-Austrian born in the Austrian Empire to a British father and an Austrian mother. He moved as a child to England and played first-class cricket for Gloucestershire briefly in 1878. Moline was born in Laibach, then in Austria, but now named Ljubljana and part of Slovenia. Together with his brothers Charles Moline, who played cricket for Cambridge, and Frank Moline, who played for Clifton and Bristol Grammar School, he moved to England.
A right-hand bat, Moline played for an invitational XI at the behest of WG Grace in 1877, scoring two and 38. He also made zero and nine against South Wales Cricket Club in 1880. His two first-class matches for Gloucestershire came against Yorkshire and Sussex in July and August 1878 respectively. He scored thirty-one runs in total, with a batting average of 10.33. Moline also bowled underarm right-arm slow, but he was not called upon to bowl in his first-class career. He died in Lynton, Devon.
# Memories of Peking: South Side Stories

Memories of Peking: South Side Stories (城南舊事) (also translated as My Memories of Old Beijing) is an autobiographical novel by Taiwanese author Lin Hai-yin, based on her own childhood experiences. Originally serialized in two parts in the December 1957 issues of Free China Journal, it was first published as a collection in 1960 by Taichung Kuangchi Publishing and became Lin's breakthrough work. The overarching theme of the novel is "farewell," and it is structured meticulously with progressive layers.

## Plot

Set in the 1920s in a courtyard in the southern part of Beijing, the novel depicts the warm family life of Ying-tzu and her family. The novel is imbued with a nostalgic tone, portraying the author's emotions in a simple and straightforward manner.
The narrative begins with the prologue "Winter Sun, Childhood Years, the Camel Caravan", and subsequent chapters each focus on one or two main characters. Through Ying-tzu's interactions with each character, the novel provides a child's perspective on the joys and sorrows of human life. The final chapter, "Papa’s Flowers Have Fallen, and I Was Not Longer a Child", marks the father's passing, and Ying-tzu must begin to take on the responsibility of caring for her siblings, signaling the end of her childhood. The story concludes with a subtle sadness. Additionally, three major chapters in Memories of Peking: South Side Stories describe the stories of women: "Hui-an Hostel", Lan I-niang" (Aunt Lan), and "Donkey Rolls", depicting the unfortunate experiences of different women of that era.
Memories of Peking: South Side Stories was first published by Kuangchi Publishing in July 1960. After subsequent editions, Lin Hai-yin reclaimed the copyright and began self-publishing from the third edition, with her own Belles-Lettres Publishing handling the publication. The novel has seen multiple editions in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and it has been translated into English, Korean, German, Japanese, and other languages.
# Memorial Gymnasium

Memorial Gymnasium may refer to:
In the United States:
* Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, known as Memorial Gym from 1956 to 1991
* Memorial Gymnasium (Grambling State), Grambling, Louisiana
* Memorial Gymnasium (University of Idaho), Moscow, Idaho
* Memorial Gymnasium (University of Maine), Orono, Maine
* Memorial Gymnasium (McNeese State), Lake Charles, Louisiana
* Memorial Gymnasium (University of Texas at El Paso), El Paso, Texas
* Memorial Gymnasium (Vanderbilt University), Nashville, Tennessee
* Memorial Gymnasium (Virginia), at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
* Scotty Robertson Memorial Gymnasium, Ruston, Louisiana
# Memorial Gymnasium (University of Texas at El Paso)

31°46′32″N 106°30′17″W﻿ / ﻿31.775519°N 106.504592°W﻿ / 31.775519; -106.504592 Memorial Gym is a 5,200-seat multi-purpose arena in El Paso, Texas. It opened in December 1961, replacing Holliday Hall, and was home to the Texas Western College Miners basketball teams, until the Don Haskins Center, then known as the Special Events Center, opened in 1977, by which time Texas Western had changed its name to the current University of Texas at El Paso. Memorial Gym was the home court of the 1966 Texas Western basketball team that won the NCAA title, using five black starters to defeat Adolph Rupp's all-white Kentucky squad. Since 1974 Memorial Gym has been home to UTEP women's volleyball. Memorial Gym hosted the first and second rounds of the 2011 Conference USA Women's basketball tournament.
# Dhruv Singh

Dhruv Uday Singh can refer to:
* Dhruv Singh (born 1960), Indian politician
* Dhruv Pratap Singh (cricketer) (born 1997), Indian cricketer
* Dhruv Narayan Singh (born 1959), Indian politician
# Eddie Matos

Eddie Matos may refer to:
* Eddie Matos (actor) (born 1978), American actor
* Eddie Matos (musician), American DJ and music producer
# Menenotus lunatus

Menenotus lunatus is a species of leaf-footed bug in the Coreinae subfamily.

## Distribution

This species is present in Southern America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay) and in Southern Europe (Iberian Peninsula, Portugal).
# Edgeworth price cycle

An Edgeworth price cycle is cyclical pattern in prices characterized by an initial jump, which is then followed by a slower decline back towards the initial level. The term was introduced by Maskin and Tirole (1988) in a theoretical setting featuring two firms bidding sequentially and where the winner captures the full market.

## Phases of a price cycle

A price cycle has the following phases:
* War of attrition: When the price is at marginal cost, the firms are engaged in a war of attrition where each firm hopes that the competitor will raise her price first ("relent").
* Jump: When one firm relents, the other firm will then in the next period undercut, which is when the market price jumps. This first period is the most valuable to be the low-price firm, which is what causes firms to want to stay in the war of attrition to force the competitor to jump first.
* Undercutting: then follows a sequence where the firms take turns at undercutting each other until the market arrives back in the war of attrition at the low price.

## Discussion

It can be debated whether Edgeworth Cycles should be thought of as tacit collusion because it is a Markov Perfect equilibrium, but Maskin and Tirole write: "Thus our model can be viewed as a theory of tacit collusion." (p. 592).
Edgeworth cycles have been reported in gasoline markets in many countries. Because the cycles tend to occur frequently, weekly average prices found in government reports will generally mask the cycling. Wang (2012) emphasizes the role of price commitment in facilitating price cycles: without price commitment, the dynamic game becomes one of simultaneous move and here, the cycles are no longer a Markov Perfect equilibrium but rely on, e.g., supergame arguments.
Edgeworth cycles are distinguished from both sticky pricing and cost-based pricing. Sticky prices are typically found in markets with less aggressive price competition, so there are fewer or no cycles. Purely cost-based pricing occurs when retailers mark up from wholesale costs, so costs follow wholesale variations closely.

## Alternative models of price cycles

There is a separate literature, which has explored conditions under which price cycles like the ones observed gasoline markets and found that consumer search models can rationalize cycling under various conditions. Here, the intuition is that there is a small subset of consumers that are not informed about prices and therefore will buy from a firm regardless of the price charged. Once prices get low enough, a firm may find it optimal to charge a high price and exploit this small loyal segment rather than trying to win the whole market.
# Mendim Veizaj

Mendim Veizaj (unknown – unknown) was an Albanian chess player, Albanian Chess Championship winner (1953).

## Biography

From the begin to 1950s to the end of 1970s Mendim Veizaj was one of Albania's leading chess players. In 1953, he won Albanian Chess Championship.
Mendim Veizaj played for Albania in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1960, at fourth board in the 14th Chess Olympiad in Leipzig (+2, =4, -7),
* In 1962, at fourth board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+5, =2, -5).
Mendim Veizaj played for Albania in the Men's Chess Balkaniads:
* In 1979, at sixth board in the 11th Chess Balkaniad in Bihać (+1, =0, -2).
# Ectopomyia

Ectopomyia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.There only one species in this genus are:
# Memorial Parkway, Texas

Memorial Parkway is a neighborhood in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the city of Katy.
Memorial Parkway was built in the 1970s, and the 1980s. The neighborhood is operated by the Memorial Parkway Homeowners Association (MPHOA). It is one of the oldest subdivisions on the Mason Road corridor. It is flanked on the west by the expanding commercial corridor of Mason Road, and on the East by the residential parkway of Westgreen Boulevard.

## Schools

All pupils who live in Memorial Parkway go to schools in the Katy Independent School District. The following schools are in Memorial Parkway:
* Hayes Elementary
* Memorial Parkway Elementary
* Memorial Parkway Junior High School
In addition, James E. Taylor High School serves Memorial Parkway.
# Meryem Altun

Meryem Altun (1976 – April 1, 2002) was a Turkish prisoner who died on hunger strike. She attended Umraniye high school, was a critic of the Turkish prison system, She was declared a martyr by the Revolutionary People's Liberation Front. Altun was in Umraniye prison at the time of a December 19, 2000 massacre of prisoners by prison guards.
# Dichostates

Dichostates is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.
* Dichostates ayresi Distant, 1898
* Dichostates biflavoplagiatus Lepesme & Breuning, 1952
* Dichostates camerunensis Breuning, 1954
* Dichostates compactus Fairmaire, 1887
* Dichostates concretus (Pascoe, 1857)
* Dichostates corticarius Hintz, 1910
* Dichostates depressus Báguena, 1952
* Dichostates flavoguttatus Hintz, 1912
* Dichostates flavopictus (Quedenfeldt, 1882)
* Dichostates hauseri Hintz, 1910
* Dichostates kuntzeni Hintz, 1912
* Dichostates lignarius (Guérin-Méneville, 1850)
* Dichostates lobatus Jordan, 1894
* Dichostates magnus Aurivillius, 1925
* Dichostates muelleri Quedenfeldt, 1888
* Dichostates nigroguttatus Jordan, 1894
* Dichostates obliquelineatus Breuning, 1942
* Dichostates occidentalis Breuning, 1954
* Dichostates partealbicollis Breuning, 1978
* Dichostates pygmaeus Téocchi, 2001
* Dichostates quadripunctatus (Chevrolat, 1855)
* Dichostates quadrisignatus Hintz, 1912
* Dichostates rougeoti Breuning, 1977
* Dichostates rubromaculatus Breuning, 1938
* Dichostates strandi Breuning, 1935
* Dichostates tabularis Kolbe, 1897
* Dichostates trifasciculatus Teocchi, Jiroux & Sudre, 2004
* Dichostates trilineatus Hintz, 1912
* Dichostates ugandae Breuning, 1935
# Dichostates compactus

Dichostates compactus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1887.

## Subspecies

* Dichostates compactus compactus Fairmaire, 1887
* Dichostates compactus damarensis Breuning, 1962
# Merriam Mountains

The Merriam Mountains are geologically composed primarily of igneous rocks formed during the Mid-Cretaceous period which began 145 Million years ago and ended 66 million years ago. The Merriam Mountain Range is home to coyotes, rabbits, rattlesnakes and a variety of common insect species. Fennel, an imported plant species native to Italy, can be found growing on some areas of the southern range.
The Merriam Mountains are a mountain range in San Diego County, California.
# Mercury(II) hydroxide

Mercury(II) hydroxide or mercuric hydroxide is the metal hydroxide with the chemical formula Hg(OH)$_2$. The compound has not been isolated in pure form, although it has been the subject of several studies. Attempts to isolate Hg(OH)$_2$ yield yellow solid HgO.
The solid has produced it by irradiating a frozen mixture of mercury, oxygen and hydrogen. The mixture had been produced by evaporating mercury atoms at 50 °C into a gas consisting of neon, argon or deuterium (in separate experiments) plus 2 to 8% hydrogen and 0.2 to 2.0% oxygen. The mixture was then condensed at 5 kelvins onto a caesium iodide window, through which it could be irradiated.
# Meshchovsky Uyezd

Meshchovsky Uyezd (Мещо́вский уе́зд) was one of the subdivisions of the Kaluga Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Meshchovsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Meshchovsky Uyezd had a population of 96,477. Of these, 99.8% spoke Russian and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language.
# Merrifieldia innae

Merrifieldia innae is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is found in Lesotho.
# Edmund Horman

Edmund C. Horman (April 15, 1906 – April 16, 1993) was an American businessman who flew to Chile in 1973 in search of his son, Charles Horman, knowing that soldiers had seized him, but unaware that he had been shot dead by the Chilean military forces under General Augusto Pinochet, during their coup against President Salvador Allende. He later became a human rights activist and public speaker, and is portrayed by Jack Lemmon in the 1982 Academy Award-winning Costa Gavras film, Missing.

## Biography

Horman was born in Manhattan, and had studied at Columbia University. Horman lived in New York City and worked in engineering and industrial design and owned Jersey Industrial Trucks. He was married to Elizabeth Lazar from 1940 until his death. Horman was also the father-in-law of Joyce Horman. Horman died of pneumonia at New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital on 16 April, 1993. He was 87.

## Search for Charles Horman

Horman's search for his son, Charles, was depicted in Thomas Hauser's 1979 book The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice, which was then adapted into the 1982 Academy Award-winning Costa Gavras film, Missing, in which Horman was portrayed by Jack Lemmon.
After forcefully overthrowing the duly-elected socialist government of Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens, the military rounded up thousand of suspected enemies and prisoners of the Pinochet coup, and confined them at the National Stadium in Santiago.
During his search, Horman was able to gain entry to the stadium. Through a bullhorn, the senior Horman called out; "Charles Horman, I hope you are out there. This is your father speaking. If you hear me, please - come forward. You have nothing to fear."
There was no response. By this time, Charles had already been dead for 3 weeks, Horman would later learn.
Horman's frustration in dealing with United States authorities, grew, after finding out they had failed to try and protect Charles, after they'd learned of his arrest, and Horman accused them of covering up their failure to do anything.
Horman turned the anguish and tragedy of losing his son into a crusade for human-rights issues. Horman testified at hearings, and spoke to conferences in both the United States and internationally. "I'm not interested in revenge," Horman said. "What can revenge do? I don't want this to happen to any American citizens, again." Horman encouraged Joyce Horman, Charles Horman's wife, to write about what happened, and the two went on speaking tours to discuss the movie and the events surrounding it. He also participated in human rights conferences along with Joyce and his wife Elizabeth, who both lived to see Pinochet's arrest in 1998.
# Edmond Farhat

Edmond Farhat (20 May 1933 – 17 December 2016) was a Lebanese prelate of the Catholic Church who spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.

## Biography

Farhat was born in Ain Kfaa, Lebanon, on 20 May 1933. On 28 March 1959, the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch Paul Peter Meouchi ordained him a priest. He earned degrees in theology, philosophy and canon law in Paris and Rome and a doctorate in theology.
From 1967 to 1989 he worked as undersecretary of the Synod of Bishops in Rome and from 1970 to 1989 as Professor of Islamic Law at the University of Sassari.
On 26 August 1989, Pope John Paul II appointed him Apostolic Delegate to Libya, Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Tunisia and Algeria, and titular archbishop of Byblus. On 20 October 1989 Farhat was consecrated a bishop by Pope John Paul. His co-consecrators were Edward Cassidy and Francesco Colasuonno. On 26 July 1995, he was named Nuncio to Slovenia and Macedonia.
He worked as mediator of diplomatic relations between the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Macedonia, which thus the Order officially recognized. On 11 December 2001 he was named nuncio to Turkmenistan and Turkey. In Turkey his advocacy for Turkish membership in the European Union resulted in warnings that he was failing to comply with Turkish law limited the role of religion in civic affairs.
On 26 July 2005 he was appointed apostolic nuncio to Austria.
On 14 January 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Farhat's resignation as Apostolic Nuncio to Austria. On 22 December 2009, Pope Benedict named him a member of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
He died in Rome on 17 December 2016.

## Honours

* Honorary conventual of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
* Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2008)
* Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria (2009)

## Works

* Gerusalemme nei documenti Pontifici from 1887 to 1984. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Rome, 1987, ISBN 88-209-1664-9.
# Dictenidia

Dictenidia is a genus of true crane flies.

## Species

* D. bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1760)
* D. formosana Alexander, 1920
* D. glabrata Alexander, 1938
* D. inaequipectinata Alexander, 1934
* D. knutsoni Yang & Yang, 1989
* D. luteicostalis Alexander, 1936
* D. manipurana (Alexander, 1970)
* D. miyatakei Alexander, 1953
* D. partialis Yang & Yang, 1989
* D. pictipennis (Portschinsky, 1887)
* D. rhadinoclada (Alexander, 1970)
* D. sauteri Enderlein, 1921
* D. sichuanensis Yang & Yang, 1989
* D. stalactitica Alexander, 1941
* D. subpartialis Yang & Yang, 1989