OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Department of Railways New South Wales

The Department of Railways New South Wales was the agency of the Government of New South Wales that administered rail transport in New South Wales, Australia between 1932 and 1972.

## Management

The Department of Railways was under the control of a single Commissioner for Railways who answered to the Minister for Railways (later Minister for Transport) and replacing the functions of the Chief Transport Commissioner. The first Commissioner was Thomas Joseph Hartigan, who held the position until his retirement in 1948.

### Commissioner for Railways

| # | Commissioner | Term | Time in office |
| 1 | Thomas Joseph Hartigan CMG | 29 December 1932 – 30 September 1948 | 15 years, 276 days |
| 2 | Frederick Charles Garside | 1 October 1948 – 4 February 1952 | 3 years, 126 days |
| 3 | Keith Aird Fraser | 5 February 1952 – 23 August 1952 | 200 days |
| 4 | Reginald Winsor | 1 September 1952 – 31 July 1956 | 3 years, 334 days |
| 5 | Neal McCusker CBE | 1 August 1956 – 19 October 1972 | 16 years, 79 days |
| Succeeded by Chief Commissioner of the Public Transport Commission. ||||

## Rail agency history in New South Wales

The Department of Railways New South Wales was preceded by the New South Wales Government Railways, this organisation was replaced by the Department of Railways New South Wales after the 1932 amendment of the Railways Act by the Transport (Division of Factions) Act.
The Department of Railways New South Wales was replaced in 1972 by the Public Transport Commission on 20 October 1972 which was formed following the enactment of the Public Transport Commission Act, 1972 (NSW).

## Publication

The department published an in-house journal, The Railwayman, from September 1958 until October 1972.
# 1937 Colorado A&M Aggies football team

The 1937 Colorado A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Colorado A&M (now known as Colorado State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1937 college football season. In their 27th season under head coach Harry W. Hughes, the Aggies compiled a 1–7 record (1–6 against RMC opponents), finished last in the RMC, and were outscored by a total of 182 to 6.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 2 | Colorado Mines | Colorado FieldFort Collins, CO | L 0–7 | |
| October 9 | at Denver | Denver University StadiumDenver, CO | L 0–22 | 10,023 |
| October 16 | Wyoming | Colorado FieldFort Collins, CO (rivalry) | L 0–7 | |
| October 23 | at Colorado | Colorado StadiumBoulder, CO (rivalry) | L 0–47 | |
| October 30 | at Utah State | Aggie StadiumLogan, UT | L 0–7 | |
| November 13 | Utah | Colorado FieldFort Collins, CO | L 0–45 | |
| November 20 | at Colorado College | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | W 6–0 | |
| November 27 | at Arizona* | Arizona StadiumTucson, AZ | L 0–47 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Apusiaajik Glacier

Apusiaajik Glacier is a tidewater glacier on the uninhabited Apusiaajik Island in the Sermersooq municipality on the southeastern shore of Greenland.

## Tourism

During summer, the glacier edge is a popular tourist destination for boat trips from Tasiilaq and Kulusuk. During winter it is possible to reach the front of the glacier crossing the frozen Torsuut Tunoq sound on foot or on snowmobile.
# Edgeworth Professor of Economics

The Edgeworth Professor of Economics at the University of Oxford is named in honour of Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, the Drummond Professor of Political Economy from 1891 to 1922.

## Incumbents

* James Mirrlees, 1969–1995
* Paul Klemperer, 1995–present
# 20th Division (United States)

There have been two 20th Divisions in the history of the United States Army.
In early 1917, the 20th Division was established as a National Guard formation consisting of units of the Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming Army National Guards. On 1 April 1917, this division was renamed and activated for federal service as the 41st Division.
In August 1918, fourteen months after the American entry into World War I, another 20th Division was organized. This was a Regular Army and National Army division intended for service in World War I. The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the war before the 20th Division departed for France, and it was demobilized in February 1919.
The 20th Division's cantonment was Camp Sevier, South Carolina. The division's composition included a headquarters, headquarters troop, the 39th Infantry Brigade (48th and 89th Infantry Regiments) and the 40th Infantry Brigade (50th, 90th Infantry Regiments), the 58th, 59th, and 60th Machine Gun Battalions, the 20th Field Artillery Brigade (58th, 59th, and 60th Field Artillery Regiments and 20th Trench Mortar Battery), the 220th Engineer Regiment, the 220th Field Signal Battalion, and the 220th Train Headquarters and Military Police (Ammunition, Engineer, Sanitary, and Supply Trains).

## Commanders

Commanders of the 20th Division included:
1918
* Aug. 12: Col. Louis J. Van Schaick (ad interim)
* Aug. 18: Col. Lawrence B. Simonds (ad interim)
* Aug. 27: Col. William F. Grote (ad interim)
* Sept. 30: Brig. Gen E. Leroy Sweetser
1919
* Jan. 3: Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges
* Jan. 26: Brig. Gen E. Leroy Sweetser (ad interim)
* Feb. 6: Col. Louis J. Van Schaick (ad interim)
* Feb. 13: Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges
* Feb. 20: Col. Louis J. Van Schaick (ad interim)
* Feb. 22 to Feb. 28: Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges
# Menegazzia caviisidia

Menegazzia caviisidia (ツブクダチイ) is a rare species of foliose lichen found in Japan. It was formally described as a new species in 2004 by Jarle Bjerke and Peter James. Characteristics of the lichen include its numerous spherical to finger-like (dactyliform) to narrowly obovate, hollow isidia, and small conical perforations in the thallus. It contains thamnolic acid as the major lichen product in the medulla.
# Menegazzia chrysogaster

Menegazzia chrysogaster is a species of foliose lichen from South America. It was described as new to science in 2001.
# Ediacara

Ediacara may refer to:

## Places

* Ediacara, South Australia, a locality in South Australia
* Ediacara Hills, a range of hills in the northern Flinders Ranges , South Australia
* Nilpena Ediacara National Park, formerly Ediacara Conservation Park, South Australia

## Other

* Ediacaria, discoidal fossil animal once thought to be a jellyfish
* The Ediacaran geological time period, named after the Ediacara Hills
* The Ediacaran biota, the oldest known complex multicellular life
# Menthorpe Gate railway station

Menthorpe Gate railway station was a station on the Selby to Driffield Line in North Yorkshire, England serving the village of North Duffield and the hamlets of Menthorpe and Bowthorpe. It appeared first in public timetables in 1851 and kept the "Gate" suffix when it was dropped from many other station names in 1864.
The main station building, a two-storey brick building, was at the east end of the up platform, the signal box was on the west side of the level crossing on the down side of the line. The goods yard had two sidings and did not handle livestock.
The station closed to passengers on 7 December 1953 as the second of the intermediate stations on the line. It remained open for goods traffic until 27 January 1964. Station building and signalbox were dismantled in the early 1970s, only the crossing keeper's house still stands.
The 1881 census shows that Frances Calvert, a widow aged 69, was the "Station Mistress" at Menthorpe Gate.
# Edgware bus station

Edgware Bus Station serves the Edgware suburb of the London Borough of Barnet, Greater London, England. The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London.
The bus station is off Station Road, situated a short distance away from Edgware Station and the Broadwalk Shopping Centre.
There are five stands within the bus station. The main operators at the bus station are Metroline, Arriva Shires & Essex, Arriva London and London Sovereign
Buses go from Edgware bus station as far afield Watford, Borehamwood, Hatfield, New Barnet, Arnos Grove, Wood Green, Marylebone in Central London, Kilburn, Alperton, Sudbury and Harrow.
In August 2009, writer Tanya Gold attempted to be the writer in residence at the bus station emulating Alain de Botton who had a similar position at Heathrow Airport

## Gallery

* Edgware bus station in June 2011
# 217 King's Road

217 King's Road is a Grade II* listed house on King's Road, Chelsea, London, built in about 1750.
From 1775 to 1777 it was the residence of James Hutton (3 September 1715 to 1795), founder of the Moravian Church of the British Province. (see: Peter Boehler, Benjamin Ingham, Nicolaus Zinzendorf)
# 2MASS J03552337+1133437

2MASS J03552337+1133437 (2MASS J0355+11) is a nearby brown dwarf of spectral type L5γ, located in constellation Taurus at approximately 29.8 light-years from Earth.

## Characteristics

2MASS J0355+11 was discovered in 2006 by Reid et al.
It is young, has a low surface gravity and a red spectral energy distribution compared to field brown dwarfs. It likely belongs to the AB Doradus moving group, which is 50 Myrs old. At this age it would have a mass of about 13 M$_J$. Alternatively at an older age of 150 Myrs it would have a mass of about 30 M$_J$. It has a very red color thought to be caused by photospheric dust.
It is radio-quiet brown dwarf, indicating an absence of stellar flares. Its carbon to oxygen ratio, equals to 0.56, is similar to that of Sun's.
The interstellar comet 2I/Borisov passed 1.4 light-years (0.44 parsecs) from 2MASS J0355+11 280 thousand years before arriving to the Solar System.
# 2MASS 19281982-2640123

2MASS 19281982-2640123 is a Sun-like star located in the area of Sagittarius constellation where the Wow! Signal is most widely believed to have originated. The star was identified in a 2022 paper as the most similar to the Sun out of the three solar analogs found inside the sky region. The star is 1,800 light years away; this is approximately 132 light years away from Claudio Maccone's estimation of where the closest communicative civilization to Earth is most likely to exist per his calculated solution to the Drake Equation.
The star has a right ascension of 19h 28m 19.8s, a declination of -26° 40' 12.59", an estimated temperature of 5,783 Kelvin, a radius of 0.99 solar radii, and a luminosity 1.0007 times that of the Sun. The team used the Gaia Archive to identify another dozen of candidates to be Sun-like stars, but the estimations on their luminosity were unknown.

## Breakthrough listen search

As a response to the discovery, on May 21, 2022 Breakthrough Listen conducted the first targeted search for the Wow! Signal to find its source. It also was its first collaboration between the Green Bank Telescope and the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) of the SETI Institute.
Greenbank performed two 30-minute observations, the ATA did six 5-minute observations with its new beam-former backend, and both observatories observed a total of 9 minutes and 40 seconds at the same time. The team used the turboSETI pipeline from 1–2 GHz to search for an artificial narrowband signal (2.79 Hz/1.91 Hz) with a drifting of ±4 Hz s−1. No technosignature candidates were reportedly found.
# Dialogue Proposition Action

Dialogue Proposition Action (DPA-Mwangaza) was a political party in the Comoros led by Mohamed Saïd Abdallah Mchangama.

## History

The party received 5.4% of the vote in the 1992 parliamentary elections, winning seats in the Assembly of the Union.
In October 1993 it merged into the Rally for Democracy and Renewal, which went on to win the parliamentary elections in December.
# Menai Bach, Rhydwyn

Menai Bach is a Grade II listed building in Rhydwyn, rural north west Anglesey, Wales. It is a C19 terraced house. A date stone offset to the left of the doorway to an adjacent house reads AD 1869.
# Eduard Linnemann

Eduard Linnemann (2 February 1841 – 4 April 1886) was a German chemist.
He studied chemistry at the University of Heidelberg and at the University of Karlsruhe. After he received his Ph.D. he worked with Kekulé at the University of Ghent and with Leopold von Pebal at the University of Lemberg. He was appointed professor at the University of Lemberg in 1865, changed to Deutsche Technische Hochschule Brünn from 1872 until 1875 and then became professor at the Charles University in Prague. He held this position until his death in 1886.
He is known for his investigations of mannitol and his analyses of zircon. In 1886, he proposed the name "austrium" for what he believed was a new chemical element.

## Publications

* Über das Unvermögen des Propylens sich mit Wasser zu verbinden, 1877 - On the inability of propylene to combine with water.
* Über die Absorptionserscheinungen in Zirkonen, 1885 - On the absorption phenomena of zircon.
* Das Oxydationsproduct des Propylenoxydes durch Silberoxyd, 1885 - The oxidation product of propylene oxides by silver.
* Verarbeitung und qualitative Zusammensetzung des Zirkons, 1885 - Processing and qualitative composition of zircon.
* Austrium, ein neues metallisches Element, 1886 - Austrium, a new metallic element.
# Edmund Fabry

Edmund Fabry (20 February 1892 – 14 November 1939) was a German architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# 227th Aviation Regiment (United States)

227th Aviation Regiment is a aviation regiment of the United States Army, mostly associated with the 1st Cavalry Division.

## Structure

* 1st Battalion "Attack"
* 2nd Battalion "Lobos"
** Company C "DUSTOFF" (UH-60)
* 3rd Battalion "SpearHead"
# 227th Brigade

227th Brigade may refer to:
* 227th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 227th Mixed Brigade (Spain)
# Dichostates camerunensis

Dichostates camerunensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1954. It is known from Cameroon.
# Edgar Gretener

Edgar Gretener (2 March 1902 in Lucerne – 21 October 1958 in Zurich) was a Swiss electrical engineer.
Gretener was the twelfth of 14 siblings. He studied electrical engineering at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), where he received his Ph.D. in 1929. He then became head of development at the Albiswerk factory in Zurich. In 1930, he worked as head of the telegraph laboratory of Siemens & Halske in Berlin. There he got in contact with Fritz Fischer (physicist), another Swiss engineer, working as a manager at the central research labs of Siemens. When Fritz Fischer got the call to become professor at the ETH Zurich in 1932, he made Gretener his chief assistant a few years later. Fischer invented the Eidophor video projection system. Gretener was in charge of its implementation.
When World War II started, the Swiss authorities asked Gretener to develop an encryption device for teleprinters. For this purpose the Dr. Edgar Gretener AG was set up as a company in 1943. Gretener got absorbed by this new challenge. As his replacement, Hugo Thiemann continued the development of the Eidophor system at the ETH. When Fischer died unexpectedly in 1947, Thiemann and the Eidophor project were transferred to Gretener's company. It now had two lines of R&D: encryption devices and Eidophor, which still needed development to make it a viable product. Finally, the marketing effort led to first contracts for this new wide-screen video projection system.
The untimely death of Gretener in 1958 led to the renaming of his company, which continued under new ownership as GRETAG AG.

## Literature

* W. Gerber: Obituary in Schweizerische Bauzeitung, 1958 (76), p. 782.
# Merrifieldia oligocenicus

Merrifieldia oligocenicus (synonyms Pterophorus oligocenicus) is an extinct moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is the only known fossil of the family Pterophoridae. It was discovered in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhone in France. It is a late Oligocene species, dated to 25–30 million years BP.
# Merrifieldia huberti

Merrifieldia huberti is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is endemic to Kyrgyzstan.
The wingspan is 16–20 millimetres (0.63–0.79 in).
# 2TV

2TV was an Irish music programme broadcast on Sunday mornings on both Network 2 television and RTÉ 2fm radio from 1995 until at least 2001, even during the summer months. It was presented by Dave Fanning, with Bianca Luykx, although Ray D'Arcy (who was known at the time for working weekdays on the children's television programme The Den) was once said to have done a summer show to allow Fanning to spend more time with his family, being referred to as "Dave" "about a dozen times". The programme was essentially a continuation of Ian Dempsey's The Beatbox, which (also as a TV and radio "simulcast") had occupied 2TV's Sunday morning time-slot for the previous number of years. In 2000, Fanning admitted that he did no work on the show and that he did not like most of the music he played on it. This was not however the reason for its cancellation as he also said he would continue presenting it. Fanning described it as "not rocket science, it's moron television", saying he "hardly even knew where the 2TV office was, and that's God's honest truth". Promotions for the show were created by a Swede, Jorgen Andreason, who had ten years experience at Swedish Television before moving to Ireland.
2TV drew much criticism for its limited choice of musical style. A typical video featured would be "Dreams" by The Corrs, whilst programme editor Ed Darragh, a writer, producer and performer on numerous radio commercials and researcher and interviewer on several radio programmes, including The Gerry Ryan Show and Moloney After Midnight, was misquoted in a Hot Press interview saying that: "The Saw Doctors are shite. She expressed that they are superb 2TV material. We also have lot of time for bands like Aslan." Other bands whose videos would be featured or that would be discussed or interviewed on the programme included The Fugees, A Tribe Called Quest, B*Witched, Trisha Yearwood, Kerri Ann, Stereophonics, Boyzone, Brandy and Monica, Matchbox 20 and Neil Finn. From October 1998, the programme was Edited, and Directed by Finín O Ceallacháin, until it was taken off air in 2000. A major reason for the show's cancellation was the rise of 24-hour music-video channels, which also led to the end of The Top 30 Hits, The Chart Show and even Top of the Pops.
# Edmund Hornby

Edmund Hornby may refer to:
* Edmund Hornby (politician) (1773–1857), British politician
* Edmund George Hornby (1799–1865), his son, British politician
* Sir Edmund Grimani Hornby (1825–1896), British judge in Turkey and China
* Edmund Phipps-Hornby (1857–1947), British general and recipient of Victoria Cross
# Meredith

Meredith is a name of Welsh origin. A family name, it is also sometimes used as a girl's or boy's forename. In Welsh the name is exclusively male and is spelt Maredudd or Meredydd.

## People

* Meredith (given name)
* Meredith (surname)

## Places
### Australia

* Meredith, Victoria

### United States

* Meredith, Colorado
* Lake Meredith (Colorado)
* Meredith, Michigan
* Meredith, New Hampshire, a New England town
** Meredith (CDP), New Hampshire, the main village in the town
* Meredith, New York
* Meredith Township, Cloud County, Kansas
* Meredith Township, Wake County, North Carolina
* Lake Meredith, reservoir formed by a dam on the Canadian River at Sanford, Texas

## Ships

* HMS Meredith (1763), sloop of the British Royal Navy purchased in 1763 and sold in 1784
* USCS Meredith, survey ship in United States Coast Survey service from 1851 to 1872
* USS Meredith, the name of more than one United States Navy ship
* SS Meredith Victory, United States Merchant Marine Victory ship

## Other

* Meredith College, women's liberal arts college located in Raleigh, North Carolina
* Meredith Corporation
* Dotdash Meredith, which publishes Better Homes and Gardens in the U.S.
* Meredith Music Festival near Meredith, Victoria, Australia
* Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, a 2007 United States Supreme Court decision striking down a racial desegregation plan in Jefferson County, Kentucky
# Edmund MacGillivray

Edmund A. MacGillivray (1893 - 1949) was a political figure in the Canadian province of Ontario, who represented Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1937 to 1948.

## Background

MacGillivray was born in Alexandria, Ontario in 1893. He was a member of the Ontario Public Utilities Commission from 1931 to 1934. He was an avid curler and was president of the Eastern Ontario Lacrosse Association.

## Politics

MacGillivray first foray into politics was as reeve of the town of Alexandria.
In the 1937 provincial election, he ran as the Liberal candidate in the eastern Ontario riding of Glengarry. He defeated the Conservative Party candidate Josph St. Denis by 3,369 votes. He was re-elected in 1943. In the 1945 election, he faced Progressive Conservative Party Osie Villeneuve and defeated him by 1,613 votes. He faced Villeneuve again in the 1948 election, and this time was defeated by MacGillivray by 1,788 votes.
# Messapia

Messapia may refer to:
* The ancient region occupied by the extinct Messapii tribe
* The modern region of Salento, roughly equivalent to the ancient region
* Messapia, Greece
# Mertensophryne usambarae

Mertensophryne usambarae (common name: Usambara forest toad) is a critically endangered species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanzania.

## Description

Males measure up to 35 mm (1.4 in) and females up to 45 mm (1.8 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is brown with some weak marking; the ventral surface is immaculate or with some mottling. The parotoid glands are flattened. There is no tympanum. The legs are relatively short and densely covered with conical warts.

## Habitat and conservation

Mertensophryne usambarae is a terrestrial species that inhabits lowland forests not higher than 410 m (1,350 ft) above sea level. It can also persist in mildly disturbed, selectively logged forests. Its breeding biology is unknown, but some other Mertensophryne species breed in puddles among tree roots (e.g., Mertensophryne anotis), and this could apply to this species too. Mertensophryne usambarae is ecologically similar to Mertensophryne micranotis, and these two species can co-occur.
The species is only known from three sites that are close to each other. It appears to be uncommon; i.e., three days of intensive survey effort in 2012 only revealed two specimens. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural encroachment, wood extraction, and human settlement. The known sites are all forest reserves (Kwamgumi, Segoma and Mtai Forest Reserves), but they are not well protected. Because of the very small range and threats to the habitat, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessed this species as "Critically Endangered" in 2016.
# Diaphorus nigricans

Diaphorus nigricans is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It is found in the Holarctic realm, south to the Neotropics.
# Edmund McCurtain House

The Edmund McCurtain House, in Haskell County, Oklahoma near Kinta, Oklahoma, was built in 1866. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It was deemed "significant for its historical connection with a prominent Choctaw rancher and statesman. Edmund McCurtain, son of Cornelius McCurtain and brother of Jackson and Greenwood McCurtain, was born on June 4, 1842, at Fort Coffee in present day LeFlore County, Oklahoma. During the Civil War he served with the Confederate First Regiment of Mounted Rifles under command of his brother Jackson. After the war, he moved near Sans Bois in present day Haskell County, where he built this ranch home in 1866. McCurtain was one of the wealthiest landowners and ranchers in the Choctaw Nation, cultivating about 300 acres and owning about 500 head of cattle under the Choctaw system of common ownership and use of land."
The regiment referred to might be either the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, organized in 1861, or the First Choctaw Mounted Rifles, organized in 1862.
It is located northeast of Kinta.