OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Borowski v Canada (AG)

Borowski v Canada (AG), [1989] 1 S.C.R. 342 is the leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on mootness of an appealed legal issue. The Court declined to decide whether the fetus had a right to life under sections 7 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Had they found in favour of Borowski, laws against abortion in Canada would have to have been again enacted. Thus, along with the later Supreme Court case Tremblay v Daigle (1989), Borowski "closed off litigation opportunities" by anti-abortion activists.

## Background

Joseph Borowski was an anti-abortion activist in Saskatchewan who wanted to challenge the abortion provisions under section 251 of the Criminal Code as violations of the Charter rights to life, security of person and equality of the foetus (because he felt the types of abortions permitted by the Therapeutic Abortion Committees were too liberal). He had previously been successful in gaining public interest standing to challenge the abortion law in the decision of Minister of Justice of Canada v. Borowski, [1981] 2 S.C.R. 575.
At trial the Court of Queen's Bench found that there was no violation as the foetus was not protected by the Charter rights that were argued. The Court of Appeal agreed that sections 7 and 15 did not apply.
The issues of appeal to the Supreme Court were concerning the constitutionality of section 251, given Borowski's arguments that it was too permissive in allowing for abortions. However, the earlier decision of R. v. Morgentaler had already struck down the provision (as being too restrictive on abortion, and therefore breaching the mother's rights under section 7) and so it could not be at issue. As the section had been struck down, the primary issue instead concerned whether Borowski had lost his standing.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice Sopinka wrote the decision for a unanimous Court. He held that the appeal was moot and that Borowski had lost his standing.
Sopinka characterized the doctrine of mootness as part of a general policy of the court to decline to hear hypothetical and abstract questions. He described a two step test for determining whether the issue is justiciable. First, the Court must determine "whether the requisite tangible and concrete dispute has disappeared rendering the issues academic," and if so, the court must decide whether it should exercise its discretion to hear the case anyway.
Sopinka found that the "live controversy" had disappeared with the striking down of section 251 of the Criminal Code, and that the Court should not exercise its discretion in these circumstances.
# Drigum Tsenpo

Drigum Tsenpo was an emperor of Tibet. According to Tibetan mythology, he was the first king of Tibet to lose his immortality when he angered his stable master, Lo-ngam. Legend states that rulers of Tibet descended from heaven to earth on a cord, and that they were pulled back up when their time came. Lo-gnam cut the cord, leading to Drigum Tsenpo's death; he thus became the first Tibetan ruler to be buried on earth.
There is a detailed, if rather fabulous, account of his life in the Old Tibetan Chronicle.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bacot, Thomas and Touissant (1940-1946), pp. 123-128. In French.
# Bhanu Nunna

Nunna Bhanumurthy (born 13 November 1954), known as Bhanu Nunna, is an Indian former professional tennis player.
A right-handed player, Nunna featured on the professional tour in the late 1970s, after playing college tennis in the United States for Clemson University. He reached a career high singles ranking of 199 in the world.
Competing on the Grand Prix circuit, his best performance was a runner-up finish in the doubles at the 1976 Indian Open, partnering Chiradip Mukerjea. He made the singles second round of the 1979 Sarasota indoor tournament, where he fell to Ilie Nastase.
Nunna appeared in the men's doubles main draws at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships and 1979 French Open.

## Grand Prix career finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Result | W-L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Nov 1976 | Bangalore, India | Clay | Chiradip Mukerjea | Bob Carmichael Ray Ruffels | 2–6, 6–7 |
# Daşköpri

36°16′27″N 62°38′58″E﻿ / ﻿36.27417°N 62.64944°E﻿ / 36.27417; 62.64944
Daşköpri (also known as Tashkepri) is a town in Mary, Turkmenistan.
# Dietramszell

Dietramszell is a municipality in the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen in Bavaria, Germany. The community of 5,282 (2005) residents sits 685 meters above sea level.
The idyllic community became internationally known after the "torture prince affair" and subsequently for its hesitation to strip Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler of their honorary citizenships.
# Eugenia gatopensis

Eugenia gatopensis is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Antoine Claraz

Antoine Claraz (8 September 1909, in Fribourg – 2 June 1997, in Fribourg), was a Swiss painter, sculptor and art teacher.
A selection of his work was exhibited in Musée d'art et d'histoire, Fribourg in 2000.

## Works

* Equestrian statue of Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen, 1965, at Fribourg.
# Asceticon

The Asceticon ("ascetic discourses") by Abba Isaiah of Scetis is a diverse anthology of essays by an Egyptian Christian monk who left Scetis around 450 AD.

## Contents

Originally composed in Greek, the Asceticon consists of 30 essays ("logos" in singular, "logoi" in plural) on subjects including: advice for novice monks; precepts for those who have renounced the world; sayings and stories by Abba Isaiah; various letters, sermons, and sayings. Logos 30 includes several sayings that were also included in the Apophthegmata Patrum (Sayings of the Desert Fathers), but in a different form, giving scholars some evidence on how those sayings evolved into their final form in the Apophthegmata Patrum. Abba Isaiah was also influential in bringing Christianity to Palestine.
The 29 discourses in John Chryssavgis's translation of the Asceticon are:
* Rules for the brothers who live with him
* On the natural state of the intellect
* On the condition of beginners and anchorites
* On the conscience of those who stay in their cells
* Faithful commandments for the edification of those who wish to live peacefully together
* On those who desire to lead a life of good silence
* On virtues
* Sayings
* Commands for those who have renounced (the world)
* Another discourse
* On the grain of mustard seed
* On wine
* On those who have struggled and reached perfection
* Acts of mourning
* On detachment
* On the joy that comes to the soul that desires to serve God
* On thoughts about renunciation and exile
* On forgiveness
* On passions
* On humility
* On repentance
* On the conduct of the new person
* On perfection
* On tranquillity
* To Abba Peter, his disciple
* Recorded by Isaiah's disciple, Abba Peter, who had heard it spoken by his master
* In which he says, "attend diligently"
* The branches of malice
* Lamentations

## Sogdian fragments

The Asceticon was read and translated by the Nestorians of Central Asia. A Sogdian fragment of the 4th discourse, translated from Syriac, was found in MC C2, along with part of a commentary on the 15th discourse by Dadisho Qatraya.
# Bourton, Shropshire

Bourton is a small village in Shropshire, England, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Much Wenlock. It is part of the civil parish of Much Wenlock.
Holy Trinity Church, the parish church, is of 12th century origin, but was extended in 1844. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

Bourton was recorded in the Domesday Book as Burtune. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the manor of Bourton was held by Wenlock Priory within the hundred of Patton. Early in the 12th century the hundred was merged with Culvestan to form the hundred of Munslow, but in 1198 Bourton was transferred with other manors held by the priory to the hundredal jurisdiction of the Liberty of Wenlock (also known as Wenlock Franchise). The principal court of the liberty met at Bourton, and the liberty outside the township of Much Wenlock was known as Bourton hundred by the 1220s.
In 1468 Edward IV granted the men of Much Wenlock a charter forming the Borough of Wenlock. Over the years the borough asserted jurisdiction over the liberty of Wenlock, including the hundred of Bourton. From the early 18th century the hundred ceased to meet at Bourton. Bourton was confirmed as part of the borough in 1836, when the borough was reformed as a municipal borough under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. The borough was reduced in size in 1889, but continued to include Bourton until it was abolished in 1966. Bourton then became part of Bridgnorth Rural District until 1974, then Bridgnorth District until it was abolished in 2009 and superseded by the unitary Shropshire Council.
# General Wells

General Wells may refer to:
* Briant H. Wells (1871–1949), U.S. Army major general
* Henry Wells (general) (1898–1973), Australian Army lieutenant general
* Richard M. Wells (born 1929), U.S. Army major general
* William Wells (general) (1837–1892), Union Army brigadier general and brevet major general
* Daniel H. Wells (1814–1891), U.S. commander of the Utah Territorial Militia.
# European Commissioner for Equality

The European Commissioner for Equality is a post in the European Commission. The portfolio was previously combined with Justice as Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality under commissioner is Věra Jourová; however, the two portfolios were split in December 2019. Helena Dalli serves as Equality Commissioner.

## Portfolio

The post was created in 2010 by splitting the previous Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio into a justice post (the subject covered here) and a security post: the Commissioner for Home Affairs. This split was made as a concession to the liberals in the European Parliament to gain their support for the second Barroso Commission.
# Davidson County

Davidson County is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Davidson County, North Carolina
* Davidson County, Tennessee
# Dainard

Dainard is the name of:
* Dainard Paulson (born 1937), American footballer
* Derek Dainard (born 1997), Micronesian swimmer
# Afrocostosa

Afrocostosa is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae, with a single species.

## Species

* Afrocostosa flaviapicella Aarvik, 2004
# Frank Budgen (director)

Frank Budgen (2 October 1954 – 2 November 2015) was a British commercial director and co-founder of Gorgeous Enterprises, a London-based film production company. He was voted as the Directors Guild of America commercial director of the year in 2007. His notable works include Tag and Mountain.

## Biography

After taking a graphic design course at Manchester Metropolitan University, Budgen found a copywriting job at BBDO, a worldwide advertising agency network. From there, Budgen worked for M&C Saatchi and then for Boase Massimi Pollitt as a copywriter and a creative director. He wrote and directed his first advertisement for John Smith's Brewery under Boase Massimi Pollitt. Budgen left his creative director post at Boase Massimi Pollitt in 1992 to join the Paul Weiland Film Company. Under Paul Weiland's ownership, Budgen shot advertising campaigns for Orange, 95.8 Capital FM and Holsten Brewery. In 1997, Budgen co-founded Gorgeous Enterprises, an award-winning film production company. Budgen died from cancer on 2 November 2015, aged 61.

## Notable works

In 2001, Budgen directed Tag, a television advertisement launched by Nike to promote its sportswear in the United States. Tag won the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival Grand Prix in 2002, an award considered to be the most prestigious in the advertising industry. In 2003, Budgen directed Mountain, a television advertisement launched by Sony to promote the PlayStation 2. The filming of Mountain involved the work of 50 stuntmen and acrobats, as well as 500 extras per day. Mountain was the second most awarded commercial of 2004, winning the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival Grand Prix, multiple British Television Advertising Awards, British Television Craft Awards and Advertising Creative Circle Awards.
# Arthur Upton (died 1662)

Arthur Upton (1614-1662) of Lupton in the parish of Brixham in Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Devon in 1654 and 1656 during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell.

## Origins

He was the eldest son and heir of John Upton (1590-1641) of Lupton, four times a Member of Parliament for Dartmouth in Devon (2 1/2 miles south-west of Lupton) at various times between 1625 and 1641, by his wife Dorothy Rous (d.1644) (alias Rowse), a daughter of Sir Anthony Rous of Halton in Cornwall, and sister of Francis Rous (1579-1659), MP.

## Marriage and children

In 1638 he married Elizabeth Gould (d. 1685), daughter of William Gould of Floyer Hayes in the parish of St Thomas, Exeter, and widow of Robert Haydon (1604-1634) of Cadhay in the parish of Ottery St Mary, Devon, by whom he had children including:
* John Upton (d.1687) of Lupton, a Member of Parliament for Dartmouth from February 1679 to August 1679.
# Barkers Green

Barkers Green is a hamlet near Wem in Shropshire, England.
# Bouazizi

Bouazizi is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mohamed Bouazizi (1984–2011), Tunisian activist
** Mohamed-Bouazizi Square
* Riadh Bouazizi (born 1973), Tunisian footballer
# George Adams (baseball)

George Adams (January 26, 1855 - October 11, 1920) was an American professional baseball player who played for the 1879 Syracuse Stars.
# Armed Forces Academy (Albania)

The Armed Forces Academy (AFA) (Albanian: Akademia e Forcave të Armatosura) is a military education institution which trains military officers (for the army, navy and air force) in Albania.

## History

The Academy of the Armed Forces was established decision of the government on 10 May 1958, in the Rrapit i Treshit District of Tirana, initially with the name Military High School. The school bore the conventional number of Military Department No. 2002. The Council of Ministers, on October 28, 1961 decided that on the basis of the Military High School to establish the "Military Academy of the People's Republic of Albania" with a three year educational program accredited by the Ministry of Education.
By a special decision of the Council of Ministers, on 5 January 1963, the Military Academy was renamed to the "Mehmet Shehu Military Academy", honoring the 50th birthday of the then-Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu. Years later, in December 1992, the institution was renamed the General Staff Academy. The Academy was in 1994 renamed to the Defense Academy of Albania. In 1998 the Defense Academy was accepted as a full member of the council of military academies of NATO. In 2004, the Defense Academy was renamed the Spiro Moisiu Defense Academy. In early 2012, the Academy was renamed the Academy of the Armed Forces. It consisted of 2 Faculties:
* the Faculty of Security and Defense (remnants of the former Spiro Moisiu Defense Academy)
* the Center for Foreign Languages and the Faculty of General Education (remnants of the former Skanderbeg Military Academy)

## Leaders

The leaders of this unique institution over the years have been:
* Major General Thoma Xhixho (1958–1961)
* Major General Spiro Shalesi (1961–1964)
* Major General Ernest Jakova (1964–1967)
* Colonel Koli Mborja (1968–1970)
* Lieutenant General Vaskë Gjino (1970–1974)
* Colonel Mendu Tetova (1974–1975)
* Major General Vehbi Hoxha (1975–1977)
* Prof. Spiro Adhami (1977–1981)
* Major General Kostaq Karoli (1982–1991)
* Colonel Halim Abazi (1991–1993)
* Brigadier General Ali Koçeku (1994–1997)
* Major General Ruzhdi Gjatoja (1998–2000)
* Colonel Flamur Skrapalliu (2000–2001)
* Colonel Selim Shiroka (2001–2003)
* Colonel Dhori Spirollari (2003–2005)
* Rear Admiral Kudret Çela (2005–2008)
* Colonel Nexhbedin Shehu (2009–2010)
* Colonel Kristaq Xharo (May 2010-July 2011)
* Colonel Perikli Koliçi (August 2011-September 2012)
* Colonel Agim Sula (September 2012-September 2014)
* Colonel Idriz Hazhiaj (October 2014-November 2015)
* Colonel Ruzhdi Kuçi (January 2016-December 2017)
# EGS

EGS may refer to:

## Education

* Enfield Grammar School, an English school
* Ermysted's Grammar School, an English school
* European Graduate School, a Swiss private university

## Science

* Edinburgh Geological Society
* EGS (program), a Monte Carlo simulation program
* Ehlers–Geren–Sachs theorem
* Enhanced geothermal system
* European Geophysical Society, now part of the European Geosciences Union

## Technology

* Emergency gas supply, a backup life support system for underwater diving
* Enhanced Graphics System, on the Amiga computer
* Epic Games Store, a digital video game storefront
* Ergis (company), a Polish chemical company
* Experimental Geodetic Satellite, a Japanese satellite
* Exploration Ground Systems, a NASA program

## Other uses

* Ecological goods and services
* Egilsstaðir Airport in Iceland
* El Goonish Shive, a webcomic by Keenspot CTO Dan Shive
* Expert Global Solutions, a defunct American debt collection agency
# Dairymans Plains

Dairymans Plains is a locality in the Snowy Monaro Region, New South Wales, Australia. It is located to the north of the Snowy Mountains Highway, to the immediate northwest of Cooma. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 152. It contains grazing country, a rural residential development, Cooma Golf Course and a large car wrecking yard.
Dairymans Plains had a school from 1881 to 1933, described as a "provisional" school from 1881 to 1884 and 1891 to 1899, as a "public" school from 1884 to 1890 and from 1899 to 1913 and a "half-time" school after 1913.
# Afrocrania

Afrocrania is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. It is distributed in the Afrotropical realm.

## Species

The genus contains 16 species:
* Afrocrania aequatoriana Wagner, 2007
* Afrocrania assimilis (Weise, 1903)
* Afrocrania famularis (Weise, 1904)
* Afrocrania foveolata (Karsch, 1882)
* Afrocrania kaethae Middelhauve & Wagner, 2001
* Afrocrania kakamegaensis Middelhauve & Wagner, 2001
* Afrocrania latifrons (Weise, 1892)
* Afrocrania longicornis Middelhauve & Wagner, 2001
* Afrocrania luciae Middelhauve & Wagner, 2001
* Afrocrania minima Wagner, 2007
* Afrocrania nigra Wagner, 2007
* Afrocrania occidentalis Wagner, 2007
* Afrocrania pallida Wagner, 2007
* Afrocrania pauli (Weise, 1903)
* Afrocrania ubatubae Middelhauve & Wagner, 2001
* Afrocrania weisei Wagner, 2007
# Asperisporium minutulum

Asperisporium minutulum is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of leaf spots on grapes.
# Hoskyns baronets

The Hoskyns Baronetcy, of Harewood in the County of Hereford, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 18 December 1676 for Bennet Hoskyns, Member of Parliament for Wendover, Hereford and Herefordshire. He was the son of the poet, lawyer and politician John Hoskins. The second Baronet was one of the founders of the Royal Society and served as its president from 1682 to 1683. The fourth Baronet fought under the Duke of Marlborough in the War of the Spanish Succession and also represented Herefordshire in the House of Commons. The twelfth Baronet was Lord Bishop of Southwell from 1904 to 1925.
Four other members of the family may also be mentioned: Peyton Hoskyns, fifth son of the ninth Baronet, was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy; John Hoskyns, grandson of Benedict Hoskyns, was Head of the Prime Minister's Policy Unit from 1979 to 1982; Anthony Hoskyns-Abrahall (1903–1982), great-grandson of John Hoskyns-Abrahall (a priest, 1773–1840), himself grandson of John Hoskyns-Abrahall (another priest, 1692–1765), who assumed the additional surname of Abrahall, himself youngest son of John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, was Bishop of Lancaster; Theo Chandos Hoskyns-Abrahall (called Chandos, 1896–1975), grandson of Theophilus Bennet Hoskyns-Abrahall, himself second son of John Hoskyns Abrahall (1773–1840), was Deputy-Governor of Nigeria.

## Hoskyns baronets, of Harewood (1676)

* Sir Bennet Hoskyns, 1st Baronet (1609–1680)
* Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet (1634–1705)
* Sir Bennet Hoskyns, 3rd Baronet (1675–1711)
* Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, 4th Baronet (c. 1677–1767)
* Sir Chandos Hoskyns, 5th Baronet (1720–1773)
* Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, 6th Baronet (c. 1753 – 1802)
* Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, 7th Baronet (1776–1862)
* Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, 8th Baronet (1804–1877)
* Sir John Leigh Hoskyns, 9th Baronet (1817–1911)
* Sir Chandos Hoskyns, 10th Baronet (1848–1914)
* Sir Leigh Hoskyns, 11th Baronet (1850–1923)
* Sir Edwyn Hoskyns, 12th Baronet (1851–1925)
* Sir Edwyn Clement Hoskyns, 13th Baronet (1884–1937)
* Sir Chandos Wren Hoskyns, 14th Baronet (1923–1945)
* Sir John Chevallier Hoskyns, 15th Baronet (1926–1956)
* Sir Benedict Leigh Hoskyns, 16th Baronet (1928–2010)
* Sir Edwyn Wren Hoskyns, 17th Baronet (1956–2015)
* Sir Robin Chevallier Hoskyns, 18th Baronet (born 1989)
The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is John Chandos Hoskyns (born 1961), second son of the 16th Baronet.
# Boyle, Kansas

Boyle is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States.

## History

A post office in Boyle opened in 1872, closed temporarily in 1882, reopened in 1884, and closed permanently in 1945.
# George Adams (American football)

George Wallace Adams (born December 22, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats and was selected in the first round of the 1985 NFL draft. He played in the NFL for the New York Giants and the New England Patriots.
Adams' son, Jamal, played safety at Louisiana State University. He was picked sixth overall by the New York Jets in the 2017 NFL draft.

## NFL career statistics

Legend :
| | Won the Super Bowl |
| Bold | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Att | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | Fum | Lost |
| 1985 | NYG | 16 | 0 | 128 | 498 | 3.9 | 39 | 2 | 31 | 389 | 12.5 | 70 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
| 1986 | NYG | 0 | 0 | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| 1987 | NYG | 12 | 7 | 61 | 169 | 2.8 | 14 | 1 | 35 | 298 | 8.5 | 25 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| 1988 | NYG | 16 | 1 | 29 | 76 | 2.6 | 15 | 0 | 27 | 174 | 6.4 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1989 | NYG | 14 | 0 | 9 | 29 | 3.2 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 3.5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1990 | NE | 16 | 7 | 28 | 111 | 4.0 | 13 | 0 | 16 | 146 | 9.1 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1991 | NE | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career | Career | 76 | 16 | 257 | 886 | 3.4 | 39 | 3 | 111 | 1,014 | 9.1 | 70 | 4 | 11 | 5 |
# Bhakkha

Bhakkha is a traditional food of the Rajbanshi and Tharu people from West Bengal, Seemanchal and South eastern Nepal. It is a fluffy rice cake.
Bhakkha is prepared by lightly soaking milled rice in water and massaging with palms. It is then sieved to separate sand grain sized pieces. The sieved rice grains is lightly compacted in a bowl and steamed. Traditionally, the steaming is done in a clay pot for 30 seconds or a minute depending upon the temperature of the water. It is served in breakfast or as a snack with freshly prepared tomato pickle.
# Onofrio Palumbo

Onofrio Palumbo (born 1606) (active 1650, Naples) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.
In the church of the Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini, Naples, he painted an altarpiece of San Gennaro protecting Naples from lightning. He also painted a contemporary portrait of Masaniello now at the museum of the Certosa di San Martino.
# Dairyville, California

Dairyville is an unincorporated community in Tehama County, California, United States. The community is along the Sacramento River and California State Route 99 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Red Bluff.
# Eupera yucatanensis

Eupera yucatanensis is a species of mollusc that lives in fresh water. E. yucatanensis has one subspecies, E. y. minima. The description of E. yucatanensis was not documented. The species status is uncertain due to the undocumentation of the species. The subspecies is also uncertain. The subspecies was discovered in 1920 by Pilsbry.