OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concord Township, Iredell County, North Carolina

Concord Township is a non-functioning administrative division of Iredell County, North Carolina, United States. By the requirements of the North Carolina Constitution of 1868, the counties were divided into townships, which included Concord township as one of sixteen townships in Iredell County.

## History

By the requirements of the North Carolina Constitution of 1868, the county was divided into townships. Previous to that time, the subdivisions were Captain's Districts. While the Captain's Districts referred primarily to the militia, it served also for the election precinct, the tax listing and tax collecting district.

## Geography and demography

Concord township is located in the central western portion of Iredell County. It borders Sharpesburg Township to the north, Alexander County to the west, Shiloh Township and Statesville Township to the south, and Bethany Township to the east.

### Towns, churches, and schools

Post offices and unincorporated towns
* Loray (was Fancy Hill from March 6, 1840 to August 17, 1908 with James Mears as first post master, William P. Gibson became first post master of Loray on August 17, 1908)
* Scotts (was Scotts Crossroads with Rufus W.H. Feimster as first postmaster on March 21, 1873, name changed to Scotts on July 26, 1894 with Sarah C. Feimster as postmaster)
* Stony Point Census Designated Place (Stoney Point Post Office was established on February 17, 1826 in Iredell County with James Thompson as postmaster. The name was changed to Stony Point in 1832. The Stony Point populated place has existed in both Alexander and Iredell Counties since 1847 when Alexander County was created.
Churches and Cemeteries
* Concord Presbyterian Church (established in 1775)
* Logan Presbyterian Church
* Monticello Baptist Church
* Morrison Cemetery
* New Amity Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church (established in 1848)
* New Sterling Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church (established in 1787)
* Trinity United Methodist Church
* Unity Christian Church
Schools
* Scotts School was a first through 12th grade school. The high school was operated from at least 1942 until 1966 when Iredell County schools were consolidated.
* Scotts Elementary School
# Concord Township, Hancock County, Iowa

Concord Township is one of sixteen townships in Hancock County, Iowa, USA. At the 2000 census, its population was 3,246.

## History

Concord Township was founded in 1869.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Concord Township covers an area of 35.83 square miles (92.79 square kilometers); of this, 35.74 square miles (92.57 square kilometers, 99.76 percent) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.22 square kilometers, 0.24 percent) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Garner (vast majority)

### Unincorporated towns

* Hayfield Junction at 43°08′02″N 93°35′58″W﻿ / ﻿43.133848°N 93.599378°W﻿ / 43.133848; -93.599378
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Ellington Township (north)
* Grant Township, Cerro Gordo County (northeast)
* Clear Lake Township, Cerro Gordo County (east)
* Union Township, Cerro Gordo County (southeast)
* Ell Township (south)
* Liberty Township (southwest)
* Garfield Township (west)
* Madison Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these two cemeteries: Concord and Saint Johns.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 18

### Landmarks

* Concord Park

## School districts

* Garner-Hayfield Community School District
* Ventura Community School District

## Political districts

* Iowa's 4th congressional district
* State House District 11
* State Senate District 6
# Concord Township, Illinois

Concord Township may refer to one of the following places in the State of Illinois:
* Concord Township, Adams County, Illinois
* Concord Township, Bureau County, Illinois
* Concord Township, Iroquois County, Illinois
# Carl Township, McPherson County, South Dakota

Carl Township is one of the five townships of McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. It lies in the northeastern part of the county and borders the following other townships within McPherson County:
* Wachter Township — north
* Weber Township — northwest corner
# Carl Troll

Carl Troll (24 December 1899 in Gabersee – 21 July 1975 in Bonn), was a German geographer, brother of botanist Wilhelm Troll. From 1919 until 1922 Troll studied biology, chemistry, geology, geography and physics at the Universität in München. In 1921 he obtained his doctorate in botany and in 1925 his habilitation in geography. Between 1922 and 1927 he worked as an assistant at the Geography Institute in Munich. Troll was engaged in research in the ecology and geography of mountainous lands: between 1926 and 1929 went on a research journey throughout South American Andean countries where he visited northern Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama. In 1933 and 1934 his research interests took him to East and South Africa; in 1937 Troll was in Ethiopia; and in 1954 he visited Mexico.
In 1930 he became professor of colonial and overseas geography in Berlin, and in 1938 professor of geography in Bonn. Troll, who utilised aerial photographs in his research, coined the term Landscape ecology in 1939. He developed this terminology and many early concepts of landscape ecology and of high mountain ecology and geography as part of his early work applying aerial photographs interpretation to studies of interactions between environment and vegetation and from his research travels in the mountainous regions of Asia, Africa and South America, as well as his native Europe. He developed seasonal climatic charts and three-dimensional climatic classification from hydrological, biological and economical data.
Carl Troll was president of the International Geographical Union from 1960 to 1964.

## Andean research

Compared to other scientists of the first half of the 20th century, Troll's Andean work stands out by being free of developmentalist thought and there is "no evidence of triumphalism of Western science in his Andean work". Vertical zonation is the most acclaimed part of Troll's work in the Andes building upon the work of Alexander von Humboldt.

### The Inca Empire and the environment

Carl Troll argued that the development of the Inca state in the central Andes was aided by conditions that allows for the elaboration of the staple food chuño. Chuño, which can be stored for long times, is made of potato dried at freezing temperatures that are common at nighttime in the southern Peruvian highlands. Contradicting the link between the Inca state and chuño is that other crops such as maize can also be with dried only sun. Troll did also argue that llamas, the Inca's pack animal, can be found in its largest numbers in this very same region. It is worth considering the maximum extent of the Inca Empire roughly coincided with the greatest distribution of alpacas and llamas in Pre-Hispanic America. The link between the Andean biomes of puna and páramo, pastoralism and the Inca state is a matter of research. As a third point Troll pointed out irrigation technology as advantageous to the Inca state-building. While Troll theorized environmental influences on the Inca Empire he opposed environmental determinism arguing that culture lay at the core of the Inca civilization.
# Mnenia

Mnenia is an administrative ward in the Kondoa District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016, the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics have reported that there were 12,529 people in the ward from 11,528 in 2012.
# Mohammad Moazzem Hossain

Mohammad Moazzem Hossain is a Bangladeshi educationist who was killed in the Bangladesh Liberation war by Razakars. He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh.

## Early life

Hossain was born in Badokhali, Bagerhat sadar, Bagerhat, East Bengal, British India on 1 December 1932. He graduated from Kajdia High Madrasa in 1948, and completed his BA in 1952 from Government P.C. College, Bagerhat. In 1954, he received his M.A. in economics from University of Dhaka.

## Career

In 1954 Hossain joined the Chitalmari High School as its headmaster. In 1955, he joined the Government P.C. College as an economics lecturer. By 1971 he was the head of the college's economics department. On 25 March 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation war started. Hossain organised the youth in the locality to help refugees move to India, and to send youths in India for military training. He himself received training in camps in India and returned to Bangladesh on October. He was assigned in the Bagerhat sub-sector as the administrative officer under the command of Subedar Tajul Islam, and engaged in a number of battles against the Pakistan Army.

## Death and legacy

On 28 October 1971, on his way home, Hossain was shot and killed by Razakars, a militia raised by the Pakistan Army.
In 1995, the Shaheed Professor Moazzem Foundation was established in Bagerhat to preserve his memory. On 14 December 1997, the Bangladesh Post Office issued commemorative stamps in his honour. In 2001, he posthumously received the Visva Bangali Sammelon Award.
# Carcharhinus humani

Carcharhinus humani, also known as the Human's whaler shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. It inhabits the western Indian Ocean near the Socotra Islands, off Kuwait, Mozambique, and South Africa.
# Międzylesie, Gmina Secemin

Międzylesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Secemin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Secemin, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Włoszczowa, and 55 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Compilations 1995–2002

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 7.6/10 |
| Allmusic | |
Compilations 1995–2002 is the seventh full-length album by Leeds-based band Hood. This particular record was released on Misplaced Music along with the album Singles Compiled in March 2003. This record contains previously recorded material found on various artists LPs and singles.

## Track listing

* for a moment, lost
* free minds from small towns wanted
* aube remix
* lo band width
* all my friends are dead
* the treacherous mytholm steeps
* sound the cliché klaxons
* i have it in my heart to jump into the ocean
* a shot across the bow
* finger in his ear
* leylines
* two left channels down;who needs enemies
* cross the land
* redundant
* the day to stand alone
* by early light
* song of the sea
* attempts to revive the victim failed
* you should never feel alone in this world
* art without precedent or tradition
# Carlo Azzolini

Carlo Azzolini (died 1671) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Bagnoregio (1650–1671).

## Biography

On 9 Dec 1649, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Bishop of Bagnoregio. On 2 Jan 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, and Giambattista Spínola (seniore), Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Bagnoregio until his death on 18 Apr 1671.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator:
* Calanio della Ciaja, Bishop of Nardò (1652);
* Lodovico Betti, Bishop of Osimo (1652); and
* Carlo Gualterio, Archbishop of Fermo (1654).
# Condylolomia metapachys

Condylolomia metapachys is a species of snout moth. It was described by George Hampson in 1897, and is known from Brazil.
# Condylolomia

Condylolomia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1873.

## Species

* Condylolomia metapachys Hampson, 1897
* Condylolomia participalis Grote, 1873
# Mohamed Omar (mathematician)

Mohamed Omar is a mathematician interested in combinatorics, and algebra. Omar is currently a Professor of Mathematics at York University.

## Early life and education

Omar was born in Alexandria, Egypt to an Egyptian mother and an Ethiopian father, but was raised in Toronto, Canada.
He attended the University of Waterloo, where he received a bachelor's double degree in pure mathematics and combinatorics & optimization in 2006, followed by a master's degree in combinatorics & optimization in 2007. Omar's master's thesis was titled "Combinatorial Approaches to the Jacobian Conjecture" and was advised by Ian P. Goulden.
Omar then attended graduate school in the mathematics department at the University of California Davis. He completed his Ph.D. in mathematics in 2011. Omar's doctoral advisor was Jesús A. De Loera, and his dissertation was titled "Applications of Convex and Algebraic Geometry to Graphs and Polytopes".

## Career

After completion of his doctorate, Omar became the Harry Bateman Research Instructor at the California Institute of Technology. In the fall of 2013 Omar moved to Harvey Mudd College and took a position as tenure track faculty in the mathematics department. In 2023, Omar then moved to York University as a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics.
Beyond the classroom, Omar has been involved in numerous outreach efforts to promote diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, as well as mathematical enrichment for high school students. He has participated in the Bridge to Enter Advanced Mathematics (BEAM) program as an instructor. Omar has also served as faculty at the Canada/USA Mathcamp, and eventually served on the board of directors for the Mathematics Foundation of America, which organizes the camp.
Omar's work in promoting diversity has been written about in Forbes Magazine, and he has been a guest on the Scientific American podcast "My Favorite Theorem". He also maintains a Youtube channel where he posts videos about advanced mathematical concepts as well as videos aimed at helping young students prepare for standardized tests.

## Honors and awards

Omar has received several awards for the quality of his teaching. In the 2013-2014 academic year, he was awarded the Associated Students of the California Institute of Technology (ASCIT) Teaching Award. In 2018, the Mathematical Association of America awarded him the Henry L. Alder Award. In 2020, Omar was selected as a fellow in the 2020 Inaugural Class of Karen EDGE Fellows. Omar was also recognized by Mathematically Gifted & Black as a Black History Month 2017 Honoree. He was awarded the Inaugural AMS Claytor-Gilmer Fellowship in 2021.
# Mohamed Ofei Sylla

Mohamed Ofei Sylla (15 August 1974 – 4 February 2019) was a Guinean professional football midfielder.

## Club career

Sylla played in the Turkish Super Lig for Gaziantepspor and Denizlispor.

## International career

Sylla played for the Guinea national football team, including appearing at the finals of the 1994 African Nations Cup and 1998 African Nations Cup.

## Later life and death

Sylla died on 4 February 2019, aged 44, following a short illness.
# Carlo Arnaudi

Carlo Arnaudi (23 May 1899 – 23 April 1970) was an Italian microbiologist and socialist politician, who served as the first minister for science of Italy and was one of the members of the Italian Senate. He is also known for his studies in the field of microbiology which produced the discovery of certain steroid-conversion processes in microorganisms.

## Biography

Arnaudi was born in Turin on 23 May 1899. He worked as professor of microbiology at the University of Milan. He was the head of Istituto Microbiologia Agraria e Tecnica. In 1940, he launched a scientific journal on microbiology, namely Annali di Microbiologia. He was the major political supporter of the International Laboratory of Genetics and Biophysics (ILGB) that was founded in Naples in 1962. He also headed the Casa della Cultura in Milan.
He also served as senator. He was appointed minister for scientific research to the center-left coalition government led by Prime Minister Aldo Moro in December 1963. He proposed that the ministry should be institutionalized in order to make it more effective in coordinating research activities. However, this proposal led to severe criticisms due to power struggle among the ministers. After serving in the post in the second cabinet of Aldo Moro, Carlo Arnaudi was removed from office in a cabinet reshuffle in February 1966. He died in Milan on 23 April 1970.
# Mohd. Ali Khan

Mohd. Ali Khan (born 1 January 1948 Birth Place Village Rudrur, District Nizamabad (Telangana)) is the politician from Indian National Congress Party. He was elected to Rajya Sabha from state of Andhra Pradesh of the ticket of INC since April 2008.
He is appointed as Whip for INC in Rajya Sabha.
He continue to represent Andhra Pradesh State in Rajya Sabha after its re-organization since 2 June 2014.
# Mohokos

The Mohokos is the highest peak of a hill range situated in Međimurje County, northern Croatia. The hill range extends for about 20 kilometres across the northwestern part of the County (so called Upper Međimurje) in northwest-southeast direction and represents the terminal easternmost slopes of the Alps.
As the highest elevation in the County, Mohokos lies exactly 344,4 metres above the sea level. There are meadows, vineyards, orchards and groves around it. On the top there is a stone landmark with a built-in polished plaque containing the following text: "The highest geographical point in Međimurje – Mohokos 344,4 m – 26.IX.1999".
Mohokos is a popular tourist destination, especially for many admirers of hiking, hillwalking or bicycle touring.
# Miodrag Purković

Miodrag Purković (Serbian Cyrillic: Миодраг Пурковић; 16 July 1907 – 12 December 1976) was a Serbian historian and the chairman of the Society of Serbian Writers and Artists Abroad.
He was born in Požarevac, at the time part of the Kingdom of Serbia. He finished gymnasium (1924) in his hometown and then moved to Belgrade where he studied general history, national history and Byzantine history, and Yugoslav literature, at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Belgrade between 1924 and 1928. He then moved to Paris for a year, where he worked in the National Library, Sorbonne Library, and Slavic Institute. After this, he focused on his doctoral thesis Avinjonske pape i srpske zemlje, which he defended in 1934 and published in his hometown. His work was very successful, and he was appointed assistant professor of history at the University of Skopje. In 1941, while a docent, he was imprisoned by the Germans due to his status as a reserve officer. As a prisoner of war, he was held at Oflag VI S in Osnabrück, where he often held lectures on Serbian history to other prisoners. After the capitulation of Germany, he was left without a job for some years. He decided not to return to Yugoslavia. From January 1947 to January 1948 he was employed as a member of the Civil security services in Osnabrück. He then moved to England, where he from January 1948 to January 1949 held history classes on the Serbian Church in the Seminary for Serb pupils in the Dorchester College near Oxford. After this he was employed as the secretary of the Serbian ecclesiastical school municipality "St. Sava" in London, where he died on 12 December 1976. He lived on Lancaster Road, in London in 1972–76.

## Work

* Јунаци српских народних песама (2nd ed.). Belgrade. 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Авињонске папе и српске земље, Светитељски култови у старој српској држави према храмовном посвећивању. G. Milanovac: ЛИО. 2002.
* Историја Срба, Политичка и културна историја Средњега века (до пада Зете 1499). Belgrade. 1997.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Принцезе из куће Немањића [Princesses of the House of Nemanjić] (2nd ed.). Belgrade. 1996.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Кћери кнеза Лазара [Daughters of Prince Lazar] (2nd ed.). Belgrade. 1996.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Хиландарски игумани средњега века. Belgrade. 1999.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Кнез и деспот Стефан Лазаревић [Prince and Despot Stefan Lazarević]. Belgrade. 1978.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Српски патријарси средњега века. Dusseldorf. 1976.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Princeze iz kuće Nemanjića. Avala. 1956.
* Попис цркава у старој српској држави. Skoplje. 1938.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Српски епископи и митрополити средњега века. Skoplje. 1938.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Appalachian bogs

Appalachian bogs are boreal or hemiboreal ecosystems, which occur in many places in the Appalachian Mountains, particularly the Allegheny and Blue Ridge subranges. Though popularly called bogs, many of them are technically fens.

## Natural history

After the Pleistocene ice ages, species and ecosystems that had shifted southward often survived in local refugia. As a result, cold-adapted ecosystems, such as bogs, remain as far south as East Tennessee and Western North Carolina. Development of land has greatly reduced both the number and acreage of the bogs in North Carolina. Bog ecosystems evolved in humid cold temperate regions and are generally ombrotrophic which means the system is dependent on precipitation for moisture and nutrient inputs.

### Shady Valley bogs

Situated between Holston Mountain and the Iron Mountains, the community of Shady Valley, Tennessee, once contained an estimated 10,000 acres (40 km$^2$) of cranberry bogs. In recent years, The Nature Conservancy has initiated a bog restoration program in Shady Valley. The Conservancy also sponsors the town's annual Cranberry Festival, which is held the second weekend in October.

## Notable bog preserves

* Cranberry Glades, in Pocahontas County, West Virginia
* Cranesville Swamp Preserve, in Preston County, West Virginia and Garrett County, Maryland
* Mountain Bogs National Wildlife Refuge in Ashe County, North Carolina.
* Tamarack Swamp, in Pennsylvania's West Branch Susquehanna Valley
* Tannersville Cranberry Bog, in Northeastern Pennsylvania

## Cataract bogs

A cataract bog is a rare ecological community, formed where a permanent stream flows over a granite outcropping. The sheeting of water keeps the edges of the rock wet without eroding the soil, but in this precarious location no tree or large shrub can maintain a roothold. The result is a narrow, permanently wet, sunny habitat.
While a cataract bog is host to plants typical of a bog, it is technically a fen, not a bog. Bogs get water from the atmosphere, while fens get their water from groundwater seepage.
Cataract bogs inhabit a narrow, linear zone next to the stream, and are partly shaded by trees and shrubs in the adjacent plant communities.
Cataract bogs are found only in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of the United States, at elevations of between 1,200 and 2,400 feet (370 and 730 m). They are restricted to the Blue Ridge Escarpment region of South Carolina and a small area of North Carolina, a region with exceptionally high rainfall.

## Sods

Sods is a term used in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia for a mountaintop meadow or bog, in an area that is otherwise generally forested. The term is similar (perhaps identical) to that of a "grass bald", a more widespread designation applied throughout the central and southern Appalachian region.
The best known example of a sods is Dolly Sods, a federally designated wilderness area in Tucker County, West Virginia and popular destination for recreationalists. Other examples include Nelson Sods (Pendleton County) and Baker Sods (Randolph County).