OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Architectural ironmongery

Architectural ironmongery or architectural hardware is a term used for the manufacture and wholesale distribution of items made from iron, steel, brass, aluminium or other metals, including plastics, for use in all types of buildings. Architectural ironmongery includes door handles, closers, locks, cylinder pulls and hinges (door furniture), window fittings, cupboard fittings, iron railings, handrails, balustrades, switches and sockets.
The term is sometimes used to distinguish between these items and retail of consumer goods sold in ironmongers' shops or hardware stores.

## History

Use of ironware in buildings has a long tradition, with local blacksmiths producing items for use in houses, churches and other buildings. During the Industrial Revolution, mass production of ironmongery became more widespread, though businesses often remained regionally focused. For example, in the UK, Laidlaw was founded in Manchester in 1876; Derby-based Bennetts Ironmongery can trace its history back to 1734; William Tonks & Sons was established in Leeds in 1789; and Quiggins served the Victorian era Liverpool market. The West Midlands region saw several well-known businesses established: Parker Winder & Achurch started in Birmingham in 1836, J Legge in Willenhall in 1881, and William Newton in Wolverhampton in 1750 (relocating to Birmingham in the 1820s).
After the Second World War, the industry began to consolidate. For example, the Newton and Tonks businesses merged in 1970, acquired Legge in 1988 and Laidlaw in 1993, and were then taken over by Ingersoll Rand in 1997, and are today part of Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies.
The Guild of Architectural Ironmongers was established in 1961 to promote standards in the business of architectural ironmongery. It manages an industry accreditation scheme, GuildMark, and runs an education programme, including a three-year diploma course and a Registered Architectural Ironmonger (RegAI) scheme.
# Arctiopais

Arctiopais is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae erected by Karl Jordan in 1896. Its only species, Arctiopais ambusta, was first described by Paul Mabille in 1881. It is found on Madagascar.
# Arctiocossus ligatus

Arctiocossus ligatus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia and South Africa.
# Archdiocese of Halyč

Archdiocese of Halyč may refer to the following Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdictions in Slavic Galicia with archiepiscopal (co-)see at Halych, western Ukraine :
* the old Latin Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Halyč
* the Eastern Catholic (Byzantine rite) Major Archeparchy of Kiev–Galicia (Kyiv-Halych)
# Archdiocese of Hierapolis in Syria

The (arch)diocese of Hierapolis in Syria was the metropolitan bishopric of the ecclesiastical province of the Euphratensis. It was based in the city of Hierapolis in Syria (Arabic Manbij, Syriac Mabbug). It was traditionally the fifth see in dignity under the Patriarch of Antioch. Under the Patriarch Athanasius I in the sixth century, it had nine suffragan bishoprics.
During the Crusades, a Latin archbishop of Hierapolis was established at Dülük. He usually resided in Tell Bashir, as did the Syriac Orthodox bishops in the Crusader period. The diocese was set up between 1131 and 1134 by Count Joscelin II of Edessa. It was subject to the Latin Patriarch of Antioch. It had two suffragan sees, Marash and Kesoun. It was effectively lost by 1151.

## Bishops
### Greek Orthodox bishops

* Philotimus, attended the Council of Nicaea (325)
* Theodotus, attended the Council of Constantinople (381)
* Alexander, attended the Council of Ephesus (431), deposed for heresy
* Panolbius, succeeded Alexander
* John, succeeded Panolbius
* Stephen I, succeeded John in 446, still in office in 456
* Cyrus, deposed 485
* Philoxenus, ordained in 485 by Peter the Fuller, died in 523
* Theodore, attended the Council of Constantinople (553)
* Stephen II, a contemporary of Evagrius Scholasticus (died 594) who wrote a biography of Saint Golinduch (died 591)
* Agapius (died after 942)

### Syriac Orthodox bishops

* Thomas of Harqel (fl. c. 600)
The following Syriac Orthodox bishops are mentioned in the work of the 12th-century patriarch Michael the Great.
* Sergius
* Abram
* Simon
* John I
* Michael
* Theodore
* James
* Timothy
* Philoxenus I Mathusalah
* Philoxenus II
* Ignatius
* John II
* Philoxenus III
In 1148, John Bar Andras, bishop of Mabbug, exchanged dioceses with Timothy, bishop of Kesoun, contrary to canon law and was forced to resign.

### Latin archbishops

* Franco, attached his seal to a document of 1134
Titular bishops:
* Julien-François-Pierre Carmené (24 March 1898 – 23 August 1908)
* Louis-François Sueur (1 December 1908 – 7 October 1914)
* Angelo Maria Dolci (13 November 1914 – 16 March 1933)
* Tommaso Trussoni (9 April 1934 – 21 December 1940)
* Tommaso Valerio Valeri [it] (14 August 1942 – 20 November 1950)
* Leone Giacomo Ossola [de] (12 June 1951 – 17 October 1951)
* Rosalvo Costa Rêgo [de] (3 March 1952 – 3 February 1954)
* Ermenegildo Florit (12 July 1954 – 9 March 1962)
* Antonio del Giudice (18 April 1962 – 20 August 1982)
# Frydenberg

Frydenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alf Frydenberg (1896–1989), Norwegian civil servant
* Josh Frydenberg (born 1971), Australian politician
* Kaare Frydenberg (born 1950), Norwegian businessperson
# Frydendal, U.S. Virgin Islands

Frydendal is a settlement on the island of St. Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands. It is located in the east of the island.
Coral World Ocean Park and Coki Beach are located in Frydendal.
18°20′45″N 64°52′21″W﻿ / ﻿18.345788°N 64.872364°W﻿ / 18.345788; -64.872364
* This Saint Thomas, United States Virgin Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Arctostaphylos ohloneana

Arctostaphylos ohloneana is a rare species of manzanita known by the common name Ohlone manzanita in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California. It is endemic to northwest Santa Cruz County, where it is known only from four populations on Ben Lomond Mountain, just south of Big Basin Redwoods State Park.
It was discovered in the 1980s among other manzanita species on the mountain and it was described to science in 2008. There are an estimated 100 individuals in existence.

## Distribution

Arctostaphylos ohloneana occurs in maritime chaparral and oak and pine forest habitat on whitish soils of siliceous shale origin. The plants all occur on land owned by Lockheed Martin.

## Description

Arctostaphylos ohloneana is an erect, bushy shrub reaching one or two meters in height. The branches are covered in reddish-brown bark and the newer twigs have fuzzy hairs. The light green leaves have oval blades up to 3 centimeters long by 1.5 wide. The inflorescence is a panicle of white or pinkish conical or urn-shaped flowers. The fruit is a spherical reddish-brown drupe 5 to 8 millimeters wide.
# 1907–08 Drexel Blue and Gold men's basketball team

The 1907–08 Drexel Blue and Gold men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry during the 1907–08 men's basketball season. The Blue and Gold, who were led by head coach Walter S. Brokaw at the beginning of the season until he was replaced by F. Bennett, played their home games at Main Building.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | High points | High rebounds | High assists | Site (attendance) city, state |
| Regular season |||||||||
| January 31, 1908* | Central Manual Trade School | | | | | |
| February 1, 1908* | at Pennington Seminary | L 18–75 | – | – | – | Pennington, NJ |
| Unknown* | Temple | W 35–18 | – | – | – | |
| Unknown* | Central High School (PA) | L – | – | – | – | |
| Unknown* | Friends' Central School | | | | | |
| Unknown* | George School | L – | – | – | – | |
| Unknown* | Northeast Manual Training School | | | | | |
| Unknown* | Roman Catholic High School | | | | | |
| Unknown* | St. Paul’s Guild | | | | | |
| Unknown* | Pennsylvania Military College | | | | | |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Eastern Time. |||||||||
# Argenna

Argenna is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1870.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains seven species:
* Argenna alxa Tang, 2011 – China
* Argenna obesa Emerton, 1911 – USA, Canada
* Argenna patula (Simon, 1874) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kyrgyzstan, China, Iran?
* Argenna polita (Banks, 1898) – Mexico
* Argenna sibirica Esyunin & Stepina, 2014 – Russia (West Siberia)
* Argenna subnigra (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861) (type) – Europe, Azerbaijan, China
* Argenna yakima Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958 – USA
# 1917 Camp Custer football team

The 1917 Camp Custer football team was an American football team made up of United States Army officers from the 85th Infantry Division stationed at Camp Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan. The Camp Custer officers played games against professional football teams (the Fort Wayne Friars and Detroit Heralds) as well as other service teams.
Harry Costello, who won All-Southern honors while playing for Georgetown, was the team's quarterback. The team's backfield also included former Michigan Agricultural College stars Blake Miller and Neno DaPrato. William Jennings Gardner was the captain.
Fielding H. Yost of Michigan coached the Camp Custer team in the week leading up to the game with Camp Grant. Amos Alonzo Stagg and Fred J. Murphy coached the Camp Custer team. Ring Lardner attended the Camp Grant game and wrote a column describing the spectacle.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 7 | at Fort Wayne Friars | Fort Wayne, IN | W 9–0 | |
| October 20 | Great Lakes Navy | Navin FieldDetroit | W 7–0 | |
| October 24 | Kalamazoo | Battle Creek, MI | W 34–7 | |
| October 28 | at Flint Independents | Flint, MI | W 34–3 | 3,000 |
| November 3 | at Camp Harlee | Grand Rapids, MI | W 34–0 | |
| November 11 | Detroit Heralds | Navin FieldDetroit | W 13–0 | 15,000 |
| November 24 | at Fort Niagara | Buffalo Baseball ParkBuffalo, NY | Cancelled | |
| December 1 | vs. Camp Grant | Stagg FieldChicago | L 13–14 | |

## Season overview
### Game 5: Detroit Heralds

On November 11, Camp Custer defeated the Detroit Heralds, a professional football team starring Birtie Maher, Norb Sacksteder, Ray Whipple, Joe Windbiel, and Lou Usher, and that began playing in the National Football League in 1920. The game drew a crowd of close to 15,000 persons at Navin Field. Camp Custer won by a 13-0 score. Right end Thompson scored a touchdown in the second quarter, and quarterback Harry Costello drop-kicked two field goals. Walter Eckersall was the referee.
# Ardmillan Castle

Ardmillan Castle is a ruinous Scottish castle dating from the late 16th century.
It lies on the A77 on the edge of the Firth of Clyde south of Girvan.

## History

The original structure was built in the late 16th century on a low mound. It was originally a rectangular tower with circular towers on the corners. The two northern towers have been removed.
It was built and owned by the Kennedys of Bargany until 1658, it then passing through marriage to the Crawfords of Baidland. By 1688 it had a motte (wide ditch) built on all sides.
In the 18th century a classical wing and new formal front was added and it took on more of the appearance of a house rather than a fortification, and was sometimes referred to as Ardmillan House.
By 1892 it had an enclosed courtyard built at its base.
It suffered in a fire in the early 20th century and again in 1973 leaving the property ruinous. The grounds have been used as a caravan park since 1980.
# Argonaut (submarine)

Argonaut was a class of submarines built by engineer Simon Lake. When used without clarification Argonaut generally refers to the second-built and larger submarine launched in 1900 at Baltimore. She was 36-foot (11 m) long, cigar shaped and built of steel. She had a White and Middleton gas engine and propeller, dynamo, searchlight, and pumps for air and water. Her main attribute like that of the older sibling and predecessor Argonaut Junior (1894); was a wet diving chamber that allowed a diver to leave and re-enter the submarine. Argonaut No 1, and Argonaut No 2 are used as the name of this vessel.
Argonaut No 1 was built in 1897 and is 36 feet (11 m) in length. In September 1898 it made an open-ocean passage from Norfolk, Virginia, to Sandy Hook, New Jersey, becoming the first submarine to operate successfully in the open sea.
Argonaut No 2 was a reconstruction of Argonaut No 1 finishing in 1900 with a length of 60 feet (18 m) and significantly different profile.

## Citations

* ↑ "Hitler's Lost Sub: 400 years of subs". NOVA (PBS). November 2000. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
* ↑ Raanan, Gideon. "Submarines on Stamps: Simon Lake and his family of Argonauts and Protectors". Hadas Studio. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
* ↑ "Argonauts" (web). The Simon Lake Submarine Web Site. 2003. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
* ↑ Corbin, Thomas W. Corbin (1913). The Romance of Submarine Engineering: Containing Interesting. Original from the New York Public Library: Seeley, Service & co., ltd. p. 109.
* ↑ Herbert C. Fyfe, Edward James Reed (1907). Submarine Warfare, Past and Present. Original from the University of California: E.G. Richards. p. 288. Argonaut Junior.
# Argonaut (train)

The Argonaut was the Southern Pacific Railroad's secondary passenger train between New Orleans and Los Angeles via Houston, San Antonio, and El Paso, Texas; Tucson, Arizona; and Palm Springs, California. It started in 1926 on a 61 hr 35 min schedule Los Angeles to New Orleans, five hours slower than the Sunset Limited; it was discontinued west of Houston in 1958. (It was also dropped from May 1932 until May 1936.) In earlier years it carried sleeping cars from New Orleans to Yuma that would continue to San Diego via San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway, a SP subsidiary. Westbound trains carried sleeping cars from New Orleans and Houston to San Antonio.
The Sunset Limited was the premiere SP train on the "Sunset Route" — and probably on the whole SP system — and the Argonaut was a slower secondary train. The Argonaut needed 50 hours between New Orleans and Los Angeles, while after 1950 the Sunset Limited needed 42. The Argonaut ran Tucson to El Paso via Deming; the westward train usually ran on the EP&SW line via Douglas.
Unlike the first-class Sunset Limited the Argonaut was always a train for economy travel, carrying standard coaches and few standard sleepers, allowing people to travel at moderate prices but with full dining and sleeping car service.
Another counterpart was the Imperial, which had Los Angeles and San Diego branches. The latter had a route which would twice cross the Mexico–United States border.
Through its life the train had olive green and black heavyweight passenger cars, pulled by steam locomotives like the GS-1 4-8-4 or MT-4 4-8-2, sometimes even a Cab Forward 4-8-8-2. In its last years the train was pulled by EMD F7 or ALCO PA/PB diesel locomotives.
By its final year its route was shortened to have El Paso as its western terminus.
# Friedelshausen

Friedelshausen is a municipality in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany.
# Friedell

Friedell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Egon Friedell (1878–1938), Austrian cultural historian, playwright, actor and Kabarett performer, journalist and theatre critic
* Harold Friedell (1905–1958), American organist
* Wilhelm L. Friedell (1883–1958), American rear admiral
# Argiope ocyaloides

Argiope ocyaloides is a species of orb-web spider found in Queensland, Australia. It is commonly known as bark-hugging St Andrews cross spider. Argiope ocyaloides can be found in crevices of dark coloured bark on eucalypt, acacia, or similar trees. It is smaller than most other species of Argiope and is dark brown to black in colour. The abdomen of Argiope ocyaloides is long with a pointed tip whereas the similar species Argiope mascordi has a shorter abdomen with rounded tip.

## Gallery

* Male, north Queensland
* Colour variation in a female, north Queensland
# Argiope picta

Argiope picta is a species of orb web spider found in tropical areas of Queensland, Australia and Papua New Guinea up to the Moluccas. This species is similar in size to the sympatric Argiope aetherea; females can be distinguished from those of A. aetherea via extensive differences in abdominal colouration and patterns. The males of these two species are almost indistinguishable.
Little is known about the biology of A. picta. However, like most orb-web spiders, males are much smaller than females. Females of this species construct web decorations. Spiders from Australia mostly construct their decorations in a vertical line above and below the centre of the web (hub), whereas those from Papua New Guinea construct the characteristic “X” shape of St Andrew's Cross spiders. It is not known why these different decoration patterns appear in the same species, but it may be related to habitat differences.

## Gallery

* Dorsal view, Queensland
* Female immobilizing prey by wrapping a curtain of silk around the insect for later consumption
* Adult female in north Queensland with two segments of its stabilimentum arranged vertically
* Ventral view of the same spider two days later
# Froning

Froning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mary Froning (1934–2014), American baseball player
* Oliver Froning (born 1963), German musician
* Rich Froning Jr. (born 1987), American CrossFit athlete
# Arhopala ariel

Arhopala ariel is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Doherty in 1891. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Assam, Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, and Borneo).
ariel is smaller [than ammon , beneath still more variegated, above more radiantly blue, otherwise very similar to ammon which it seems to represent in the north of Indo-China. — asakurae Mats. [now Arhopala birmana asakurae (Matsumura, 1910) ] even goes as far as Formosa. Specimens from there show a more leaden-bluish upper surface with a black marginal band of 2.5 mm width, and beneath they already approximate the Indian paraganesa (147 f) on which Moore founded his genus Acesina.
# 1923 Temple Owls football team

The 1923 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach M. Francois D'Eliscu, the team compiled a 0–5 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 6 | at Haverford | Haverford, PA | L 0–3 |
| October 20 | at Juniata | Huntingdon, PA | L 6–14 |
| October 27 | at Ursinus | Patterson FieldCollegeville, PA | L 0–52 |
| November 10 | at Susquehanna | Selinsgrove, PA | L 7–25 |
| November 17 | Drexel | Philadelphia | L 0–7 |
# 1923 Swiss referendums

Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1923. The first two were held on 18 February on protective custody and a federal resolution on relations with France over the former free trade area of Haute-Savoie. The third was held on 15 April on a popular initiative "for the ensuring of people's rights in questions regarding tariffs", whilst the fourth was held on 3 June on amending articles 31 and 32bis of the constitution regarding alcohol. All four were rejected by voters.

## Background

The referendums on protective custody and tariffs were both popular initiatives, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and a majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The referendum on relations with France was a "facultative referendum", which required only a simple majority of voters in favour, whilst the referendum on amending the constitution was a mandatory referendum, which also required a double majority.

## Results
### Protective custody

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 55,145 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Against | 445,606 | 89.0 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Blank votes | 25,109 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,016 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 526,876 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 989,661 | 53.2 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||

### Relations with France

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 93,982 | 18.5 |
| Against | 414,305 | 81.5 |
| Blank votes | 19,515 | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,024 | – |
| Total | 528,736 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 989,661 | 53.4 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||

### Tariffs

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 171,020 | 26.8 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Against | 467,876 | 73.2 | 19 | 5 | 21.5 |
| Blank votes | 10,813 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,450 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 651,159 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 990,202 | 65.8 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||

### Constitutional amendments

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 262,688 | 42.2 | 9 | 2 | 10 |
| Against | 360,397 | 57.8 | 10 | 4 | 12 |
| Blank votes | 11,931 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,575 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 636,591 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 985,774 | 64.6 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Fréniches

Fréniches (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Frépillon

Frépillon (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department and Île-de-France region of France. Frépillon station has rail connections to Persan, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt and Paris.
# Frénois, Vosges

Frénois (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## Geography

The river Madon forms part of the commune's southeastern border.
# Ariadna bicolor

Ariadna bicolor is a tube-dwelling spider. Found in North America, the spider's cephalothorax and legs are yellowish-brown and its abdomen is purplish-brown.
John Henry Comstock said that the habitats of the species are remarkable. He brought the spiders from Ithaca and made them a home that had blocks nailed together that each had a hole. The spiders used the man-made habitat as a nest.
In a test about what species of spider replied the fastest to odors, Ariadna bicolor responded slowly. When they weren't in their tubes, they responded in 63 seconds to five oils. When they were in their tubes, they didn't respond to the odors at all.
# Ellrod index

In meteorology the Ellrod index is a technique for forecasting clear-air turbulence (CAT). It is calculated based on the product of horizontal deformation and vertical wind shear derived from numerical model forecast winds aloft.
The deformation predictors are calculated using following information.
    $DSH={\frac {dv}{dx}}+{\frac {du}{dy}}$.
    $DST={\frac {du}{dx}}-{\frac {dv}{dy}}$.
Where u and v are horizontal components of the wind.
    $DEF={\sqrt {DSH^{2}+DST^{2}}}$.
    $CVG=-({\frac {du}{dx}}+{\frac {dv}{dy}})$
    $VWS={\frac {\Delta V}{\Delta Z}}$
And the resulting index is given by:
    $EI=VWS\times (DEF+CVG)$
To correspond to clear-air turbulence pilot reports the following table can be used:
| Reported | EI value threshold |
| Light-Moderate | 4 |
| Moderate | 8 |
| Moderate-Severe | 12 |
# Biurea

Biurea is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C$_2$H$_6$N$_4$O$_2$. It is produced in food products containing azodicarbonamide, a common ingredient in bread flour, when they are cooked. Upon exposure, biurea is rapidly eliminated from the body through excretion.
Biurea is produced from urea and hydrazine by transamidation. Its major use is as a chemical intermediate in the production of azodicarbonamide, a common blowing agent.
# Ariadna taprobanica

Ariadna taprobanica is a species of spider of the genus Ariadna. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.