OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mavil Aru

8°15′29″N 81°16′12″E﻿ / ﻿8.257942°N 81.269985°E﻿ / 8.257942; 81.269985
The Mavil Aru (Mother River) is a waterway that supplies water to some regions of eastern Sri Lanka. The closing of the sluice gates is considered to be the official beginning of the Eelam War IV although violence including skirmishes and bombings happened before.

## Importance during Sri Lankan Civil War

On July 26, 2006, during a ceasefire period, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist militant organization, blocked the sluice-gates of Mavil Aru, blocking access of water to thousands of Tamil civilians in the area. This move was highly condemned by the Sri Lankan government, who pursued a military solution to resolve the conflict. In defense of their actions, The LTTE spokesperson Ilanthirayan said that the LTTE was concerned about the plight of the people of Muttur who were being subjected to "random and indiscriminate" shelling by the Sri Lankan forces even on Friday. Ilanthirayan maintained that the rebels were engaged in a "humanitarian operation" to bring to the attention of the world. He said that the Sri Lankan government, which waxed eloquent about the inhuman act of closing of the sluice gates of the Mavil Aaru anicut (dam) by the LTTE, had put an embargo on drinking water and baby food going to the Tamil people of Muttur East and Ecchchilampattu. "Ours is a defensive and humanitarian operation to highlight the grievances of the people of Muttur."
With the initiation of 'Operation Watershed', the Sri Lanka Armed Forces undertook to wipe out the LTTE. According to Gen. Sarath Fonseka, it was the correct place to start off the military battle to destroy the LTTE.The armed forces launched air strikes with the aim of capturing the waterway and sluice-gates. On August 11, 2006, the Sri Lankan Armed Forces announced that they had gained full control of the sluice gates of the reservoir.
However the attack was in fact diversion and the LTTE launched an offensive against Government held areas of Trincomalee from land and sea backed by heavy artillery as the newly leased Jetliner transport of the navy was arriving. But a combined force of naval patrolmen, army and police managed to repel the assault and launch a counter-offensive that resulting in the Battle of Sampur. The incident led to the breakdown of talks resulting in the Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV.
# Drue

Drue is a name. Notable people with this name include:

## Surname

* Kerry Drue, American lawyer
* Thomas Drue (1586–1627), English playwright

## Given name

* Drue Chrisman (born 1997), American football player
* Drue Cressener Cressener (1642–1718), English clergyman
* Drue Drury (courtier) (1531–1617), English courtier
* Sir Drue Drury, 1st Baronet (1588–1632), English MP
* Drue Hackenberg (born 2002), American baseball player
* Drue Heinz (1915–2018), American actress
* Drue Kataoka, Japanese visual artist
* Drue Le Guier (born 1959), Australian swimmer
* Drue Leyton (1903–1997), American actress and member of the French Resistance
* Drue Pearce (born 1951), American businesswoman and politician
* Drue Smith (died 2001), American journalist
* Drue Tranquill (born 1995), American football player
* Drue Vitter (1942–2004), American politician
# Bekim Jashari

Bekim Hamëz Jashari (born 28 January 1975) is a former Kosovo Albanian politician who served as mayor of Skenderaj in Kosovo from 22 October 2017 to 30 November 2021.

## Early life and career

Bekim Jashari was born on 28 January 1975 in village Prekaz i Epërm of Skenderaj, in a family with national traditions and intellectual values, as leaders of Albanian education in Skenderaj. As the first child of the couple Hamëz and Feride, in a large family, he was warmed by the love of his grandparents and uncles.
As the grandson of teacher Shaban, education has been primary in the formation of the Bekim. So, he finished primary and secondary school in Skenderaj with diligence and dedication. With the completion of high school, in 1992 the political situation was extremely aggravated in our country. This situation did not spare even the 18-year-old Bekim.
Bekim's opportunities for university education had diminished and his stay in Kosovo as the son of the political resistance ideologue Hamëz Jashari posed a danger. Consequently in July 1993, he with the blessing of father Hamëz, took the path of exile. Bekim was placed in Munich, Germany to the Uncle Rifat, who, in addition to the work on which the well-being of the family in Kosovo depended, took on the burden of caring for the offspring of the three branches Murat, Lulzim and he from the Shaban Jashari's trunk.
During his stay in exile, Bekim as the son of Jashari family was systematically informed about the situation in Kosovo and the political and military developments there, so for Bekim and the Jashari family, the "Epopee of the Kosovo Liberation Army" was conditionally expected, which was a spark of freedom that left Bekim's family home in March 1998 during the Attack on Prekaz, where most of his family members were killed, and spread throughout Kosovo.
But during his stay in Germany, Bekim was not limited to the situation and political activity. Throughout his stay in the host country he continued to be educated, professionally trained, and to work diligently in the largest automotive corporation, BMW. Undoubtedly the synergy of intellectual and family work values, with the strong values of education and work in Germany greatly influenced Bekim's approach later in his career.

### Mayor of Skenderaj

Jashari announced he would run for Mayor of Skenderaj in the 2017 local elections in the summer of that year. Skenderaj had been run by the Democratic Party of Kosovo since the end of the Kosovo War, but in respect to the Jashari family, the Democratic Party did not put forward a candidate. Jashari was elected mayor on 22 October 2017 winning 85.5% of votes.
# G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway

The Harbin Ring Expressway (Chinese: 哈尔滨绕城高速), designated as G1001, is an expressway in Heilongjiang, Northeast China orbiting the city of Harbin. This expressway is a branch of G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway.

## Detailed Itinerary

Counterclockwise :
| Continues as G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway |||
| 0 (459) | AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway Towards G301 Road Harbin-Centre |
| Concurrent with AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway |||
| Service Area |||
| 6 | G202 Road Harbin-Centre-Pingfang |
| 10 A-B | AH31 G1 Jingha Expressway G102 Road Tongjiang Road Station |
| 24 | S1 Harbin Airport Expressway Harbin Taiping International Airport Harbin-Centre |
| Yangmingtan Bridge |||
| 36 | Shimao Road Harbin-North Sun Island Park |
| Songbei Service Area |||
| Concurrent with AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway |||
| 42 (502) | AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway G202 Road G301 Road Harbin-North |
| Harbin Metropolitan Area |||
| 45 | AH31 G1111 Heha Expressway |
| Harbin Metropolitan Area |||
| Hulan Service Area |||
| 51 | G222 Road Hulan |
| 64 | X032 Road Minzhu |
| 71 A-B (0 A-B) | AH33 G1011 Hatong Expressway G221 Road Xianfeng Ave Harbin-Centre |
| 75 | Ha'a Road Acheng Harbin-Xiangfang District |
| 80 | Hacheng Road Chenggaozi Harbin-Centre |
| (0) (459) | AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway Towards G301 Road Harbin-Centre |
| Continues as G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway Continues as AH6 G10 Suiman Expressway |||
| Clockwise |||
# Basarab (disambiguation)

Basarab or Bassarab can refer to:
* The House of Basarab
* Basarab railway station, in Bucharest, Romania
* Basarab metro station, in Bucharest, Romania
* Basarab Nicolescu
* Basarab Panduru
* Alexandru Bassarab
* Maria Basarab
* Olha Basarab
* Basarab I of Wallachia

## See also

* Basarabă of Caransebeș family
* Bessarabia
# Fletcher Buchanan

Fletcher Buchanan (23 December 1889 – 24 May 1960) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a Centre.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Buchanan played for Kelvinside Academicals.
On studying at Oxford University he then played for Oxford University.
After studying at Oxford, he returned to Glasgow and played for Kelvinside Academicals once more. He captained the side.
The Scottish Referee, 20 November 1911, said this of Buchanan:
   one of the best three-quarters who played for Oxford last season has improved since he returned to the land of his birth, but it is a fact, and to-day the Kelvinside captain is one of the finest players behind the scrummage we have in Scotland. His displays in recent matches have shattered the opinion that he was only a fair weather sailor. He is more than that; he is a most excellent defensive player, besides being an aggressive artist of the premier type - Buchanan is a great exponent of the carrying game, and we hope this season to find him adorned with that emblem which only falls to the lot of a selected few.

### Provincial career

He played for the Whites Trial side against the Blues Trial side on 21 January 1911, while still with Oxford University.

### International career

He played for Scotland three times, selected in 1910 and 1911.
# Grote rivieren

The Grote rivieren, literally translated Great (or Large) rivers, is a landform in the Netherlands. Also, the term is commonly used for a divide in Dutch culture linking to the broader Dutch-Flemish culture.

## History

The Grote rivieren have throughout history been a dividing line across the Netherlands. At many points in time have the rivers formed a boundary between states or empires. Notable examples include the northern border of the Roman Empire in the Roman province of Germania Inferior, and the border between the Dutch Republic and Spanish and later Austrian Netherlands at various points in their contentious history. The latter of these historical examples also played a large role in the religious divide the rivers straddle.

## Geography

The term Grote rivieren refers to the division of the Netherlands by the Nederrijn, Lek, Waal, Merwede and Meuse rivers, which dominate an area roughly 150 km in length from west to east and 25 km wide from north to south. The rivers form part of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta which discharges into the North Sea. The rivers are the primary distributaries of the Rhine and Meuse rivers, flowing from the Swiss Alps and the Langres plateau respectively.

## Economy

The Grote rivieren are entirely navigable and serve important roles in the transport of goods in the region, as well as to areas higher upstream, such as the heavily industrialised Rhine-Ruhr area in Germany. In the Netherlands, the Port of Rotterdam, Europe's largest port, is heavily dependent on the navigability of the rivers to transport goods into the hinterland.
To aid in the transport of goods through the Great rivers, many canals have been dug to improve connectivity with nearby cities, most notably the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal, which links up the Grote rivieren with the cities of Utrecht and Amsterdam, including the Port of Amsterdam.

## Sociocultural meaning

By use of the colloquialism above/below the great rivers the boundary created by the rivers is highlighted in a cultural sense. The major divergence here is the difference between the predominantly Protestant north and the predominantly Catholic southern provinces of North Brabant and Limburg. When the term is used in that sense, Zeeland (the islands in the south-west), being mostly Protestant, is often considered above. That said, there are several Catholic regions, mostly in Zeelandic Flanders. Various cultural differences are associated with this border, including dialectical differences (such as the use of the so-called Hard G in the north and the soft G in the south) and sociological ones (with northerners being considered more direct, austere, and goal oriented and southerners more indirect, easy-going, and status oriented).
Within the Netherlands, the cultural distinction is often considered more important than any cultural differences between the Netherlands as a whole and the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, also called Flanders.
The cultural differences play a part in daily life within the Dutch-speaking region and are factors in personal identification among its inhabitants.
# Government final consumption expenditure

Government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) is an aggregate transaction amount on a country's national income accounts representing government expenditure on goods and services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual needs (individual consumption) or collective needs of members of the community (collective consumption).
It consists of the value of the goods and services produced by the government itself other than own-account capital formation and sales and of purchases by the government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households – without any transformation – as social transfers in kind (for more detail, see, for example, Lequiller and Blades (2014)

## Data

Data on government final consumption expenditure shed light on the involvement of governments in providing goods and services for the direct needs of the population. A high government share in the provision of individual consumption goods and services is often found in countries known as welfare states. This may be illustrated by looking at data for the European Union (downloadable from Eurostat's database providing figures on government expenditure):
* Approximately one quarter of the economy-wide final consumption expenditure in the European Union of 27 member states is made by governments; countries with relatively large government shares in final consumption expenditure are Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden (around one-third of their final consumption expenditure).
* 60% of the governments' final consumption expenditure in the European Union of 27 member states is individual consumption; the largest shares of individual consumption in government final consumption expenditure are observed for Sweden (more than 70%).
* These findings mirror the importance of social transfers in kind in European countries, where the share of household final consumption expenditure in actual final consumption of the households is often less than 80%.
# Elizabeth Ritchie

Elizabeth Ritchie or Elizabeth Mortimer (2 February 1754 – 9 April 1835) was a British Methodist biographer. She is noted for caring for John Wesley and writing about his final days.

## Life

Ritchie was born into a Methodist family in Otley. Her mother was Beatrice (born Robinson) and her father, John Ritchie was a retired Scottish naval surgeon. She was their second child. Her father continued as a surgeon in Wharfedale in Yorkshire where he had married her mother. Her family were strict Methodists and John Wesley stayed at their house. When she was twelve she went to say with a "Mrs H" and there she enjoyed attending Church of England services. She rebelled against Methodism and even after her return home she continued to not be a Methodist. In June 1772 she reestablished her friendship with John Wesley and by 1774 she was leading classes.
John Wesley was cared for by Hester Ann Rogers but the tasks were onerous and Rogers was not young. Ritchie moved into John Wesley's house in November 1790 when he had already lost much of his sight. She would read to him from 5:30 in the morning. She wrote his last letter which was to Wilberforce concerning slavery in America. Wesley would occasionally sing and one of his last trips was to visit a man who had recently been widowed. Wesley did not know the man but he went because he was asked to.
She was there on his final day when he said his final "Farewell". As he had requested they sang after his death and Ritchie requested that they pray. Wesley's physician, John Whitehead, requested that Ritchie should write an account of his final days.
Whitehead read from Richie's account at his funeral and her short work was published.
Ritchie died in London in 1835.
# Bernard L. Schwartz

Bernard Leon Schwartz (December 13, 1925 – March 12, 2024) was an American businessman who was Chairman of the Board and CEO of Loral Space & Communications, a position he held for 34 years. He also served as Chairman and CEO of K&F Industries, Inc., and president and CEO of Globalstar Telecommunications. He retired from Loral and his positions at its various subsidiaries and affiliates as of March 1, 2006. He was latterly the Chairman and CEO of BLS Investments, his own investment firm located in Manhattan.

## Biography

Schwartz was born in Brooklyn, New York. and grew up in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of Brooklyn. He was Jewish. Schwartz graduated from Townsend Harris High School in NYC. He held a B.S. in finance and an honorary doctorate of science from City University of New York. He was a World War II veteran, having served in the US Army Air Corps. After school, he worked as an accountant eventually becoming a partner at a Wall Street firm. He then went on to serve as a vice president of American President Lines and then president of Reliance Insurance Co. (formerly Leasco) for four years. In 1972, he bought a 12% stake in Loral Corporation, a New York Stock Exchange-listed manufacturer of satellites and satellite systems, where he served as its Chairman and CEO for 34 years.

## Political activities

Schwartz was a lifelong Democrat. According to NBC News, he was the largest single contributor to the Democratic Party from 1992 to 1996. In 1996, he celebrated his 71st birthday with Bill and Hillary Clinton at the White House. In 1998 Schwartz became embroiled in a campaign donations scandal and an alleged transfer of missile technology to China that occurred in 1996. He was exonerated of any wrongdoing in the campaign finance matter after a Justice Department investigation. Loral settled the missile transfer matter with the Justice Department in 2002, paying a $14 million fine and admitting no wrongdoing.
In 2016, Schwartz donated US$1 million to Priorities USA Action, a Super PAC supporting Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. Schwartz is also in the $5 million – $10 million bracket of donors to the Clinton Foundation.

## Foreign Policy

In 2002, the Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellowship in Business and Foreign Policy was established at the Council on Foreign Relations with a gift from the Bernard and Irene Schwartz Foundation. The fellowship was created to focus on the global integration of financial markets and its implications for U.S. economic and foreign policy. Schwartz did not actually become a member of the Council on Foreign Relations until 2003, the following year.

## Personal life

Schwartz was married to the former Irene Zanderer and lived in New York City; she died in 2014. They had two daughters. He remarried to Denise Jansen. Schwartz was a member of the United Jewish Appeal Federation's real estate committee. In 2002, he and his wife donated $5 million to Baruch College.
Schwartz died at his home in Manhattan on March 12, 2024, at the age of 98.
# George Büchi

George Hermann Büchi (August 1, 1921 – August 28, 1998) was a Swiss organic chemist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Paternò's reaction", known since the early twentieth century, was renamed to the "Paternò–Büchi reaction" based on enhancements made to it by Büchi's research group.
Büchi died at the age of 77 of heart failure while hiking with his wife in Switzerland.
# Anthony Carew

Anthony Carew (born 1889) was an Irish hurler who played for the Tipperary senior team.
Carew joined the team during the 1908 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1912 championship. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal and two Munster medals.
At club level Gleeson enjoyed a lengthy career with Thurles Sarsfield's and Clonoulty–Rossmore.
# G103

G103 may refer to any of the following:
* China National Highway 103, a major trunk route in China
* Grob G103a Twin II, a two-seater sailplane made by Grob Aerospace
* R-1820-G103, a model of the Wright R-1820 aircraft engine
# Bukit Ho Swee Constituency

Bukit Ho Swee Constituency (SMC) was a constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1968 to 1984. It was carved out from Delta SMC.

## Member of Parliament

| Year | Member of Parliament | Party |
| 1968 | Seah Mui Kok | PAP |
| 1972 | Seah Mui Kok | PAP |
| 1976 | Seah Mui Kok | PAP |
| 1980 | Seah Mui Kok | PAP |

## Elections

Note : Elections Department Singapore do not include rejected votes for calculation of candidate's vote share. Hence, the total of all candidates' vote share will be 100%.

### Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1968: Bukit Ho Swee :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | Seah Mui Kok | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 17,735 | |
| | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) |

### Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1972: Bukit Ho Swee :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Seah Mui Kok | 7,862 | 68.77 | N/A |
| | BS | Chin Tian Choo | 2,209 | 19.32 | N/A |
| | WP | Wee Kia Eng | 1,361 | 11.91 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,653 | 49.45 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,212 | | 31.14 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,432 | 93.61 | N/A |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | N/A | |
General Election 1976: Bukit Ho Swee :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Seah Mui Kok | 9,451 | 73.50 | 4.73 |
| | United Front | Hwang Ban Cheong | 3,407 | 26.50 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,044 | 47.00 | 2.45 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 13,686 | | 12.07 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,858 | 93.95 | 0.34 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | | |
General Election 1980: Bukit Ho Swee :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Seah Mui Kok | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,435 | | 9.14 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | PAP hold | PAP hold | PAP hold |
# Guardian II

Guardian II or Guardians 2, may refer to:
* Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (film) aka "Guardians 2", a 2017 film set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
* Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 2 (book) aka "Guardians, volume 2", a Marvel Comics compilation comic book; see Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)#Volume 2 (Abnett and Lanning)
* Guardian II: Revenge of the Mutants (videogame), a 1990 videogame; see List of Amstrad CPC games and List of ZX Spectrum games
* Guardian II (character), a DC Comics character; see List of Young Justice characters
* Guardian II (character), a Marvel Comics character; see Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe
* Operation Guardian II (military operation), a 2002 Royal Australian Air Force operation
* McCoy Miller Guardian II (vehicle), an ambulance type operated by the Lancaster Volunteer Ambulance Corps