OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Montana Territory Volunteer Militia

The Montana Territory Volunteer Militia was a Militia organized in Montana Territory in 1867 as a result of increased incidents with Native Americans.

## History

With sharply increased settlement in Montana Territory at the end of the American Civil War, incidents with Native Americans on Montana's Benton Road and the Bozeman Trail increased dramatically. On May 4, 1867, G. S. Townsend of the U.S. War Department wrote to the acting Territorial Governor of Montana Thomas Francis Meagher on behalf of the U. S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton concerning raising a Montana Territorial Militia:
By the end of April 1867, a volunteer militia of 80 men had already been organized, and by the end of May, that number had grown to 150, consisting mostly of mounted horsemen. Acting governor Thomas Francis Meagher commissioned Thomas Thoroughman, an ex-Confederate lieutenant colonel, a brigadier general to command the Montana Militia in spring of 1867, and commissioned Walter W. De Lacy Colonel. In May 1867, the Montana Volunteer Militia under Thoroughman and De Lacy built Fort Elizabeth Meagher at the mouth of Rocky Creek in Gallatin County, Montana, to provide settlers protection from "hostile" Sioux and Crow Indians. By the end of July 1867, the Volunteer Militia force numbered 513 men present for duty, consisting of 32 officers and 481 enlisted men. Desertions were common, and in the summer a detachment of about one hundred men stationed on the Upper Yellowstone River deserted at once. On July 1, 1867, Acting Governor Meagher drowned in the Missouri River at Fort Benton, Montana, while receiving a shipment of ammunition for the Montana Militia. Governor Green Clay Smith then demoted Thomas Thoroughman to colonel, giving him principal responsibility in the Gallatin Valley. At the end of July, Smith issued a proclamation "calling for the service of 800 men for six months from the 1st of August, and inviting the old force to reenlist."
The arrival of United States Army regiments in Montana Territory from 1866 to 1867, including companies from the 2nd Cavalry, 7th Infantry, First Battalion, 13th Infantry and Second Battalion, 18th Infantry (redesignated the 27th Infantry), relieved the need for a Territorial Militia, and after fighting no battles, the Montana Territory Volunteer Militia was disbanded by January 1868.
# Cephalodiscus planitectus

Cephalodiscus planitectus is a sessile hemichordate belonging to the order Cephalodiscida.

## Distribution

It is found at a depth of 100–300 metres off the island of Jōgashima, Sagami Bay, Japan.

## Anatomy

There are three pairs of arms with tentacles.

## Phylogenetics

Cephalodiscus planitectus is the most divergent of all Cephalodiscus species, with Miyamoto, Nishikawa and Namikawa (2020) suggesting that it constitutes a sister group to all existing Cephalodiscus species.
# Central New York Roller Derby

Central New York Roller Derby (CNYRD) is a women's flat-track roller derby league in Utica, New York. Organized in late 2007, Central New York is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

## History

In September 2009 the league was accepted into the Apprentice Program of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), and in September 2010 they were accepted as a full member league. As of January 2011 the league had over 70 skaters who skated on three home teams, the Utica Clubbers, the Rome Wreckers, and the Blue Collar Betties. The best of those three home teams competed on the CNY All-Stars travel team, which competes for rankings in the WFTDA. The league has a B level team as well, the Wonder Brawlers, introduced in 2012.
In February 2012, the league's practice facility in Utica, SportsPlx, burned down, destroying much of the league's stored equipment and gear. Community fundraising, including a fashion show hosted at the Hamilton Center for the Arts helped get the organization back on its feet.
Starting in 2015, Central New York has hosted the now-annual Siege of CNY tournament, bringing in teams from as far away as Canada and England.

## WFTDA rankings

| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| 2011 | 20 E | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2012 | 25 E | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2013 | 147 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2014 | 155 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2015 | 125 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2016 | 158 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2017 | 194 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2018 | 192 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
# Como Lake Park (British Columbia)

Como Lake Park is a small park in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. Como Lake is located in the centre of the park and is surrounded by a one-kilometre-long trail.
# Como Lake Park

Como Lake Park is a 534-acre (2.16 km$^2$) park in Erie County, in the U.S. state of New York. The park is located along the banks of Cayuga Creek in both the village and town of Lancaster, approximately 14 miles (23 km) east of the city of Buffalo. It is operated by the Erie County Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry. Access is free and it is open to the public year-round.

## History

Como Lake Park, named after the Lake Como tourist resort in Italy, was originally established by the village of Lancaster in 1923 and acquired by Erie County in 1926 as the result of a special village election. The park at that time was 120 acres (0.49 km$^2$) in size, and grew to its current 534-acre (2.16 km$^2$) extent through land acquisitions in the years that followed. Many of the park's facilities and stone structures were built or improved by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s.
The park originally featured a small zoo and a 220-yard (200 m) toboggan run. Both of these attractions have since been removed.

## Attractions and facilities

* Como Lake Park features a 4.5-acre (0.018 km$^2$) man-made lake with a small lighthouse.
* The park includes nature trails, 62 picnic shelters, a disc golf course, a soccer field, four tennis courts and two basketball courts.
* During the winter, the park features 4.75 miles (7.64 km) of trails and unplowed roads suitable for cross-country skiing or snowshoeing, two free ice-skating rinks, and a sledding hill.
# CenturyTel of Adamsville

CenturyTel of Adamsville, Inc. is a telephone operating company of CenturyLink providing local telephone services to communities in Tennessee, including Adamsville and Yellow Creek. The company was founded in 1951.
The company was named Century Telephone of Adamsville, Inc. from 1994 to 1998.
The company is owned by CenturyLink, which used to be called CenturyTel.
# Ceraticelus fissiceps

Ceraticelus fissiceps is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
# Compsodrillia drewi

Compsodrillia drewi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 10 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Pliocene strata of North Carolina, USA.
# Chagrin d'amour

Chagrin d’amour was a French pop duo formed 1981 in Paris and often cited as the ones who recorded the first French hip hop album. In 1982 Grégory Ken and Valli Kligerman released “Chacun fait (c'qui lui plait),” a recording of songs all performed in French with obvious influences by the rap music style. The album gained instant success in the country and sold over 3 million copies. Chagrin d’amour's songs with simple rhymes and rap techniques caused many amateur music artists to become interested in the hip-hop style.
# Century Development Corporation

Century Development Corporation (CDC; Chinese: 世正開發; pinyin: Shì Zhèng Kāifā) is a Taiwanese infrastructure company established by the Ministry of Economic Affairs with leading companies from the private sector.

## History

As a joint venture supervised by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, CDC was established in 1993 by companies including TECO Group, Shin Kong Group, Taishin Group, BES Engineering Corporation, RSEA Engineering Corporation, Fubon Group, and Singaporean company Ascendas. The company works with central and local governments throughout Asia to develop technology parks, industrial parks, university buildings, and other educational facilities, as well as infrastructure designed to spur economic development, attract foreign investment, and encourage the development of local industries.
CDC projects include the Technology Innovation International Park (TIIP) in Bangalore, the Nankang Software Park project in Taipei, and the Subic Bay Gateway Park in Subic Bay, Philippines.
# Cephalospargeta

Cephalospargeta is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It contains only one species, Cephalospargeta elongata which is found in Texas and on Puerto Rico and Jamaica.
# Cephalosphaera (fly)

Cephalosphaera is a genus of flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae.

## Species

* Cephalosphaera acuminata (Cresson, 1911)
* Cephalosphaera aequatorialis (Becker, 1919)
* Cephalosphaera amboinalis (Walker, 1860)
* Cephalosphaera appendiculata (Cresson, 1911)
* Cephalosphaera arnaudi Rafael, 1992
* †Cephalosphaera baltica Carpenter & Hull, 1939
* Cephalosphaera biscaynei (Cresson, 1912)
* Cephalosphaera boutropis (Hardy, 1965)
* Cephalosphaera brevis (Cresson, 1911)
* Cephalosphaera collarti (Hardy, 1952)
* Cephalosphaera cristata Rafael, 1992
* Cephalosphaera eukrenaina Skevington, 1999
* Cephalosphaera fairchildi Rafael, 1992
* Cephalosphaera filicera (De Meyer, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera furcata (Egger, 1860)
* Cephalosphaera germanica Aczél, 1940
* Cephalosphaera guanacastensis Rafael & Menezes, 1999
* Cephalosphaera gymne De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990
* Cephalosphaera hikosanus (Morakote, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera hirashimai (Morakote, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera honshuensis (Morakote, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera immodica De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990
* Cephalosphaera incomitata (Hardy, 1965)
* Cephalosphaera insularis Rafael, 1996
* Cephalosphaera inusitata (Hardy, 1972)
* Cephalosphaera jamaicensis (Johnson, 1919)
* Cephalosphaera kasparjani (Kuznetzov, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera macroctenia Rafael, 1992
* Cephalosphaera magnispinosus (Hardy, 1950)
* Cephalosphaera maxima Hardy, 1943
* Cephalosphaera miriamae Rafael, 1992
* Cephalosphaera mocaensis (Hardy, 1948)
* Cephalosphaera motichoorensis (Kapoor, Grewal & Sharma, 1987)
* Cephalosphaera pacaraima Rafael & Rosa, 1992
* Cephalosphaera pallidifemoralis (Hardy, 1952)
* Cephalosphaera parthenopipis Skevington, 1999
* Cephalosphaera patula (Hardy, 1972)
* Cephalosphaera petila Skevington, 1999
* Cephalosphaera prionotaina Skevington, 1999
* Cephalosphaera procera Rafael & Menezes, 1999
* Cephalosphaera reducta (De Meyer, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera redunca (Hardy, 1972)
* Cephalosphaera santiagoensis Rafael, 1992
* Cephalosphaera sapporoensis (Morakote, 1990)
* Cephalosphaera semispiralis Rafael & Rosa, 1992
* Cephalosphaera sylvana (Brunetti, 1927)
* Cephalosphaera tingens (Hardy, 1972)
* Cephalosphaera vietnamensis (Hardy, 1972)
* Cephalosphaera wauensis De Meyer & Grootaert, 1990
* Cephalosphaera xanthosternum (Hardy, 1968)
* Cephalosphaera zumbadoi Rafael & Menezes, 1999
# Ceroplesis calabarica

Ceroplesis calabarica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1858. It is known from Angola, Benin, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, Kenya, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Togo, and Zambia. Its diet includes Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora.

## Varieties

* Ceroplesis calabarica var. congolensis Hintz, 1920
* Ceroplesis calabarica var. immaculata Hintz, 1920
* Ceroplesis calabarica var. mozambica Hintz, 1920
* Ceroplesis calabarica var. transitiva Breuning, 1937
# Ceroplesis aethiops

Ceroplesis aethiops, the pea longhorn beetle, is a species of flat-faced longhorn in the family Cerambycidae. It is found in South Africa.
# Cermeño (surname)

Cermeño is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Cermeño (1969–2014), Venezuelan boxer
* Carlos Cermeño (born 1995), Venezuelan footballer
* Fernando Cermeño (born 1980), Spanish actor and model
* Nehomar Cermeño (born 1979), Venezuelan boxer
* Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeño (1560-1602), Portuguese explorer
# Condy

Condy or Condie may refer to:

## Surname

* Gillian Condy (born 1952), South African botanical artist
* Henry Bollmann Condy, 19th century British chemist and industrialist
* Jack Condy (born 1994), Welsh rugby union player
* Jonathan Condy (1770–1828), American lawyer
* Nicholas Condy (1793–1857), English landscape painter
* Nicholas Matthews Condy (1816–1851), British maritime painter, son of Nicholas Condy
* Richard Condie (born 1942), Canadian animator, film maker and musician
* Richard P. Condie (1898–1985), conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir from 1957 to 1974
* Spencer J. Condie (born 1940), general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

## Given name

* Condy Raguet (1784–1842), American politician and free trade advocate, first chargé d'affaires to Brazil
* Condy Dabney, American convicted of murdering a girl who was later found alive in 1927

## Other

* Condy (drinking vessel) (κόνδυ), an ancient drinking vessel
* Condie Nature Refuge, a park in Saskatchewan, Canada
# Cescau, Ariège

Cescau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.
# Chad Gervich

Chad Gervich is a published author, television writer and producer, and playwright.
Gervich has produced and written for shows such After Lately, Dog With a Blog, Cupcake Wars, and Wipeout. He has written Small Screen, Big Picture: A Writers Guide to the TV Business, "How to Manage Your Agent: A Writer's Guide to Hollywood Representation", and "Psych's Guide to Crime Fighting for the Totally Unqualified".
# List of colonial governors and administrators of Tobago

This article lists governors of Tobago. Governors of Tobago have been referred to by the formal titles of "Governor" and "Lieutenant-Governor". For governors of the united Trinidad and Tobago after 1889 see List of governors of Trinidad and Tobago.

## Lieutenant governors of British Tobago (1764–1781)

* Alexander Brown (Lt Governor of Tobago) – 12 November 1764 – July 1766
* William Hill – 2 December 1766 – 16 October 1767
* Roderick Gwynne – 16 October 1767 – 1769
* Robert William Stewart – 1769–1771
* William Young (Lt. Governor of Tobago) of Auchenskeoch Castle (Scotland) – 1771–1777
* Peter Campbell (Lt Governor of Tobago) – 1777–1779
* John Graham (Lt Governor of Tobago) – 1779–1781
* George Ferguson (Lt Governor of Tobago) – 1781 – 2 June 1781

## Governors of French Tobago (1781–1793)

* Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande – 2 June 1781 – 1784
* Rene Maria viconte d'Arrot – 1784–1786
* Arthur Dillon – 1786–1789
* Antoine de Jobal de Poigny – 1789–1792
* Philippe Marie de Marguenat – 1792–1793
* Laroque de Mointeil – 1793

## Governors of British Tobago (1793–1899)

* William Myers – April 1793
* George Poyntz Ricketts – 1793–1795
* Joseph Robley – 1795 (acting)
* William Lindsay – 1795–1796
* James Campbell – 1796–1797
* Stephen de Lancey – 1797–1799
* Joseph Robley – 1799–1800 (acting)
* Richard Master – 1800
* Joseph Robley – 1800–1801 (acting)
* Hugh Lyle Carmichael - 1801 – 7 November 1802 (acting)
* Jean Joseph François de Sahuguet d'Amarzit de Laroche – 7 November 1802 – 1803
* Louis Cesar Gabriel Berthier – 1803
* Thomas Picton – 30 June 1803 – July 1803
* William Johnstone – July 1803 – August 1803
* Donald MacDonald – August 1803 – July 1804
* John Halkett – July 1804 – 1807
* Sir William Young, 2nd Baronet – 1807–1815
* John Balfour – 1815–1816
* John Campbell – 1816
* Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson – November 1816
* Sir Colin Campbell - February 1828 - April 1828
* Nathaniel Blackwell – April 1828 – 1833
* Alexander Gardner – 1833 – (Acting)
* General Sir Lionel Smith – 1833
* General Sir Henry Charles Darling – 1833–1845
* Laurence Graeme – 1845–1851
* David Robert Ross – 16 April 1851 – 26 June 1851
* Henry Yates – 1851–1852 – (1st Time / Acting)
* Dominick Daly September 1851 – 1852
* Henry Yates – 1852 – February 1854 – (2nd Time / Acting)
* Willoughby J. Shortland – February 1854 – 1856
* James Kirk – 1856 – (Acting)
* James Henry Keens – 1856–1857 – (Acting)
* James Vickery Drysdale – June 1857 – April 1864
* Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright – October 1864 – 1872
* Herbert Taylor Ussher – 1872–1875
* Robert William Harley – 1875–1877
* Augustus Fredrick Gore – 1877–1880
* Edward Laborde – 1880–1882
* John Worrell Carrington – 1883–1884
* Loraine Geddes Hay – 1885
* Robert Baxter Llewellyn – 1885–1888
* Loraine Geddes Hay – 1888–1892
* Thomas Crossley Rayner – 1892
* William Low – 1892–1893
* Herbert H. Sealy – 1893 (acting)
* William Low – 1893–1897
* S. W. Snaggs – 1897 (acting)
* Joseph Clanfergael O'Halloran – 1897–1899
# Chain Reaction (Luba album)

Chain Reaction is the only album by Canadian band Luba featuring Luba Kowalchyk as vocalist. It was produced by Tony Green for his own label. The album contains songs in the early New Wave music style. It was made available on compact disc in 1996.
Note that initially Luba was the name of the band and not Luba Kowalchyk's stage name. In 1982, Luba Kowalchyk was signed by Capitol Records as the artist Luba and the remaining members served as her backup band.

## Track listing

* Chain Reaction – 3:37
* Runaround – 3:42
* I Stand Alone – 4:53
* Heaven In Your Eyes – 3:39
* Lookin' At Love - 4:02
* Stay - 5:03
* Have A Heart - 3:29
* Lovers In The Night - 3:42
* Seems Like A Dream - 6:04
* Black & White - 3:01

## Personnel

* Luba: Vocals
* Peter Marunzak: Drums
* Michael (Bell) Zwonok: Bass
* John Nestorowich: Rhythm Guitar, Vocals
* Mark Lyman: Lead & Rhythm Guitar
* Doug Short: Keyboards
# Chairman of the Election Commission of Malaysia

The chairman of the Election Commission of Malaysia (Malay: Pengerusi Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia; Jawi: ڤڠروسي سوروهنجاي ڤيليهن راي مليسيا‎) heads the Election Commission of Malaysia.

## List of chairman of the Election Commission

Since 1957, the Election Commission has been led by 10 Chairman, as shown below :
| No. | Portrait | Chairmen | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office |
| No. | Portrait | Chairmen | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1. | | Mustapha Albakri Hassan | 4 September 1957 | 15 October 1967 | 10 years, 41 days |
| 2. | | Tan Sri Ahmad Perang | 16 October 1967 | 9 August 1977 | 9 years, 297 days |
| 3. | | Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Talib | 10 August 1977 | 11 October 1990 | 13 years, 62 days |
| 4. | | Datuk Harun Din | 12 October 1990 | 20 June 1999 | 8 years, 251 days |
| 5. | | Dato' Omar Mohd Hashim | 21 June 1999 | 11 November 2000 | 1 year, 143 days |
| 6. | | Dato' Sri Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman | 12 November 2000 | 30 December 2008 | 8 years, 48 days |
| 7. | | Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Mohd Yusof | 31 December 2008 | 24 January 2016 | 7 years, 24 days |
| 8. | | Tan Sri Mohd Hashim Abdullah | 24 January 2016 | 30 June 2018 | 2 years, 157 days |
| 9. | | Datuk Azhar Azizan Harun (b.1962) | 21 September 2018 | 29 June 2020 | 1 year, 282 days |
| 10. | | Tan Sri Abdul Ghani Salleh (b.1958) | 21 August 2020 | 9 May 2024 | 3 years, 262 days |
| 11. | | Dato' Sri Ramlan Harun (b.19?) | 26 June 2024 | Incumbent | 102 days |
# Competition Act 1998

The Competition Act 1998 (c. 41) is the current major source of competition law in the United Kingdom, along with the Enterprise Act 2002. The act provides an updated framework for identifying and dealing with restrictive business practices and abuse of a dominant market position.
One of the main purposes of this act was to harmonise the UK with EU competition policy, with Chapter I and II of the act mirroring the content of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of Amsterdam (formally Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty of Rome).

## Chapter I Prohibitions

Deals with restrictive practices engaged by companies operating within the UK that distort, restrict or prevent competition. These are, primarily in the form of horizontal agreements (agreements to collude between firms on the same level of the supply chain such as retailers or wholesalers). These agreements could be to limit output, collusively share information, fix prices, tender collectively and share markets out.
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is responsible for prosecuting such firms who engage in these activities, and are able to levy fines up to 10% of annual global turnover for every year in which a violation has taken place up to a maximum of 3 years.
Exemptions from prohibition are available if the firm can demonstrate that these practices are in the interest of the consumer through increasing market efficiencies or advancing technical progress.

## Chapter II Prohibitions

Chapter II deals with the abuse of a dominant position by a firm who uses practices such as predatory pricing, excessive prices, refusal to supply, vertical restraints and price discrimination to maximise profit, gain competitive advantage or otherwise restrict competition.
In investigating alleged breaches of Chapter II a two-stage process is involved. Firstly it must be identified if the firm possesses a dominant market position. This can be done through various concentration indices such as the Herfindahl-Hirchman Index (HHI). Generally, if a firm is found to have a market share over 40% then it is considered a threat to competition.
There are no exemptions to chapter II as by its very definition as "abuse" of a market position, one must be guilty of wrongdoing for the chapter to apply.
An example of the effects of the act is that in 2004, public schools were investigated for fee-fixing by the Office of Fair Trading, and in 2005 fifty of the leading schools (including Ampleforth, Eton, Charterhouse, Gresham's, Harrow, Haileybury, Marlborough, Rugby, Sevenoaks, Shrewsbury, Stowe, Wellington and Winchester) were ordered to raise £3 million between them to be spent on charities nominated by the pupils of the schools involved in the years 2001–2003, and were banned from further sharing of information on their external fees.
# List of equipment of the United States Marine Corps

The following is a list (of lists) of United States Marine Corps equipment;
See the following articles;
* List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps
* List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps
* List of active aircraft of the United States Marine Corps
* List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment
** Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps
** Badges of the United States Marine Corps
** Fleet Marine Force insignia
# Connor Roberts

Connor Roberts may refer to:
* Connor Roberts (footballer, born 1992), Welsh footballer
* Connor Roberts (footballer, born 1995), Wales international footballer