OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Discrete rate simulation

In the field of simulation, a discrete rate simulation models the behavior of mixed discrete and continuous systems. This methodology is used to simulate linear continuous systems, hybrid continuous and discrete-event systems, and any other system that involves the rate-based movement or flow of material from one location to another.

## Areas of application

Industrial areas where discrete rate simulation is used include:
* Bulk material handling (e.g. minerals and ores, powders, particles, mixed wastes, wood chips)
* Liquids and gases
* Pulp and paper processing
* Oil and gas pipelines
* Traffic
* High speed/volume production lines in the food & beverage, consumer products, and pharmaceutical industries.

## Compared to discrete-event and continuous simulation

Discrete rate simulation combines the event-based timing of discrete event simulation and the continuous variables calculations found in continuous simulation. It predicts and schedules events when the system needs to calculate a new set of rates and determines the appropriate rate of flow for each branch or stream.
Discrete rate simulation is similar to discrete event simulation in that both methodologies model the operation of the system as a discrete sequence of events in time. However, while discrete event simulation assumes there is no change in the system between consecutive events, in a discrete rate simulation model the flow continues to move at a constant rate such that, for example, the level in a tank could change. Another difference is that discrete event simulation models are overwhelmingly concerned with the status of system entities (discrete objects moving through the system) while discrete rate simulation models are concerned with the status (quantity and location) of homogeneous flow. For rate-based systems, discrete rate simulation has faster computational times and is more accurate in calculating mass balance compared to discrete event simulation.
Discrete rate simulation is also similar to continuous simulation in that it simulates homogeneous flow. In addition, both methods recalculate flow rates, which are continuous variables, whenever a state change occurs. However, discrete rate simulation S differs from continuous simulation in that it is event-based and does not simulate every time slice. Modeling linear flow systems using continuous simulation has limitations because it usually is unable to detect important events, such as a tank becoming full or empty, until after the event has occurred plus requires many more system recalculations during the course of the simulation.

## Example

An exercise in learning how to build discrete-rate simulations is to model a tank filling and emptying over time. The tank fills at a constant rate and empties at two different rates, one rate until it is full and a faster rate until it is empty. There are 4 types of events in the simulation: start simulation, storage full, storage empty, and end simulation. At each event the model determines which emptying rate to use; between events the emptying rate remains constant.
# Dangerous Turning

Dangerous Turning (French: Le tournant dangereux) is a 1954 French-Italian drama film directed by Robert Bibal and starring Viviane Romance, Philippe Lemaire and Armand Mestral.

## Cast

* Viviane Romance as Lucienne Courtois
* Philippe Lemaire as Freddy
* Armand Mestral as Daniel Courtois
* Maria Pia Casilio as Paquita Simoni
* Enrico Glori as Simoni, le brigadier
* Guy Decomble as Monsieur Léon
* Georges Aminel
* Charles Blavette
* Dany Caron
* Robert Berri
* Huguette Doriane
* Henri Arius
* Antonin Berval
# Erie and New York City Railroad

The Erie and New York City Railroad was a railroad that operated in New York state.
Among the earliest supporters of the Erie and New York City Railroad were prominent Jamestown, New York residents who lobbied for the railroad to go through their town, but the route chosen by the railroad bypassed Jamestown by 35 miles in favor of Salamanca, Dayton, and Dunkirk.
After being snubbed by the New York and Erie, townspeople met on June 27, 1851, in Jamestown and on June 30, 1851, a petition for a charter for the Erie and New York City Railroad was published. The road was to be built from Salamanca, through Randolph, and Jamestown, and then proceeding south to the New York state border with Pennsylvania. Work began on the line began in Randolph on May 19, 1853, and was abandoned on January 5, 1855, for lack of funds.
On May 7, 1859, the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in New York was chartered with William Reynolds as its president. One of the first actions of the A&GW was to purchase the Erie and New York City Railroad in 1860. According to the company's first annual report, the A&GW assumed $14,000 of 7 percent bonds upon the purchase of the Erie and New York City Railroad and received three locomotives, two passenger cars, and 40 freight cars from the contractors building the Erie and New York City.
# 1895 Toronto municipal election

Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Canada, on January 8, 1895. Mayor Warring Kennedy was narrowly elected to a second term in office, narrowly defeating former mayor Robert John Fleming, in a rematch of the previous year's election. Kennedy was re-elected based on support from the Protestant Protective Association and the Orange Order. The main issue in the election was a proposal championed by former alderman Ernest A. Macdonald to build an aqueduct or canal linking the Humber River with Georgian Bay; with opponents of the scheme being returned to council while proponents were defeated.

## Toronto mayor
### Results

    Warring Kennedy (incumbent) - 10,260
    Robert John Fleming - 10,212
       vote totals are after recounts
Source:

## Aldermen elected to City Council

Four alderman were elected to sit on Toronto City Council in each of six wards. Fourteen incumbents were re-elected; four rookie alderman were elected and four candidates who were not on council in 1894 but had been in previous years, returned.

### First Ward

    Thomas Allen (incumbent) - 1,149
    Edward Blong - 1,099
    John Knox Leslie- 992
    H.R. Frankland (incumbent) - 954
    C.C. Small (incumbent) - 840
    William Barrett - 784
    Peter Macdonald (incumbent) - 661
    Harry Ellis - 442
    G.S. Macdonald - 323

### Second Ward

    Daniel Lamb (incumbent) - 1,756
    John Hallam (incumbent) - 1,635
    Joseph Oliver - 1,398
    Thomas Davies (incumbent) - 1,339
    Francis S. Spence - 1,298
    George Anderson - 1,039
    Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 1,026
    Dr. Samuel G. Thompson - 925
    William L. Beale - 643
    Ewart Farquahar - 535
    James O'Hara - 202
    Joseph A. Livingstone - 40

### Third Ward

    George McMurrich (incumbent) - 2,507
    John Shaw 2,410
    Bernard Saunders - 1,888
    O.B. Sheppard (incumbent) - 1,759
    James B. Boustead- 1,751
    Wallace Millichamp - 1,185
    J.A. Proctor - 927
    A.G. McLean - 877
    Frank Somers - 854
    R.L. Fraser - 818
    Ernest A. Macdonald - 693
    Dr. McCully - 249

### Fourth Ward

    William Burns (incumbent) - 2,217
    Wm. P. Hubbard (incumbent) - 2,213
    James Crane (incumbent) - 1,839
    James Jolliffe (incumbent) -1,189
    B. Alison - 1,084
    George Verral - 979
    A.F. Jury - 903
    Thompson Porter - 795
    Alex R. Williamson - 697
    George Williams - 512
    Henry Cohen - 353

### Fifth Ward

    Robert H. Graham - 1,638
    William Bell - 1,595
    John Dunn (incumbent) - 1,587
    Andrew Bates (incumbent) - 1,098
    Arthur R. Denison - 1,001
    William Dunlop - 630
    Dr. A. Noxon - 622
    L.K. Munro - 569
    George Evans - 244
    John Ward - 244
    William J. Smith - 180
    Louis Richey - 88
    James S. Martin - 87

### Sixth Ward

    James Scott - 1,391
    Thomas Murray (incumbent) - 1,094
    Gorge Gilbert Rowe - 1,009
    John J. Graham (incumbent) - 849
    Charles L. Denison - 745
    Henry M. East - 597
    W.J. Peck - 444
    John C. McLean - 353
    J.R. Code - 281
    Thomas Lilly - 279
    Arthur Bollard - 173
    Dr. John Hunter - 157
    R.H. Holmes - 40
Source: and
# Colossus Records

Colossus Records was an American record label founded in 1969 by Jerry Ross, who had also founded Heritage Records the year before. Like Heritage, Colossus was distributed by MGM Records.
In the autumn of 1969, Jerry Ross was in Europe looking for European hits for release in the United States, and he came across "Ma Belle Amie" by Tee-Set, whom he then signed. He was also offered Venus by Shocking Blue and "Little Green Bag" by George Baker Selection. "Venus" was released first and it reached No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in 1970. "Ma Belle Amie" was a Top 5 hit while "Little Green Bag" reached No. 21. Colossus also released an album in 1970 called DANKS, a male/female duet which featured Stefanianna Christopherson, then best known for her voice work on Here Comes The Grump and Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?. The Chicago horn band The Mob released their first album under the guidance of Jerry Ross in 1970.
Colossus Records closed in 1971.
# Matavai (Gagaʻifomauga)

Matavai is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated on the central north coast of the island in the district of Gagaʻifomauga and the electoral district of Gagaʻifomauga 2. The population is 149.
# HP Elite x3

HP Elite x3 is a premium Windows 10 Mobile smartphone produced by Hewlett-Packard. It was officially announced on February 21, 2016, and released later that year.

## Specifications

The HP Elite x3 was built for enterprise users with several enterprise specific features such as high-end processing power (Qualcomm Snapdragon 820), large and bright display (Samsung 5.96" WQHD AMOLED), IP67, MIL-STD 810G, Dual biometric authentication with Iris and fingerprint scanner, 2x2 MIMO 802.11ac, Cat 6 LTE, Bang & Olufsen sound, USB-C charging with a 4,150mAh battery and Qi/PMA wireless charging.

### Continuum

Setting it apart from other premium smartphones, HP Elite x3's defining feature is its ability to connect to an external monitor, keyboard and mouse via the HP Desk Dock, providing a desktop PC-like environment, powered by Microsoft's Continuum feature on Windows 10 Mobile. HP also offers the HP Lap Dock, which is a laptop shell that does not have any computing power in itself (i.e. no CPU, no Motherboard, no HDD, etc.), but connects to the Elite x3 via wired (USB-C) or wireless (802.11ac) connection and powers the Lap Dock, which is essentially a display terminal with a keyboard, touchpad, battery and I/O ports in a laptop form factor.

## Reception

Debuting at Mobile World Congress 2016, the HP Elite x3 garnered over 30 "Best of MWC" awards. However, despite some positive reviews by critics, sales have been less than expected due to diminishing market position of Windows 10 Mobile as a viable Mobile OS platform. While HP's sales and marketing have been focused on targeting enterprise customers, consumers are able to purchase the Elite x3 and the Desk Dock and Lap Dock at hp.com website as well as in Microsoft Stores, both offline and online.

## Model variants

There is an EMEA+APJ model, an Americas model, and an Americas model connected by Verizon (US only).
# Corn School

Corn School is a festival that takes place in downtown LaGrange, Indiana, in the first week of October every year. Begun in 1906, it was originally started as a one-day festival for boys in the local corn growing classes to show off their products. They were to receive prizes for their corn, and a day was to be designated in their honor. Notables such as the Governor of Indiana Frank Hanly and the State Secretary of Agriculture were speakers for the event for the first couple of years.
Since 1909, Corn School has opened on Tuesday and continued for a week. Its premium list was increased to include livestock, poultry, farm products, needlework, fruit, pastry and for a time, 4-H Club work. Then came the Corn School Week parades, and prizes for the various events soon rose to a total of $3,000 a year. In 1938, the LaGrange County Corn School, Inc., was established as a non-profit corporation. Fortune telling became popular at the fair, and parades did as well. The classic car parade is a major feature of Corn School, with local and nearby car owners showing off their cars. All parades are led by the presiding Corn School Queen, a tradition started in 1950. The Corn School Queen is chosen through a pageant; during this time, the "Citizen Of The Year" is also named.
The festival has gone from a simple harvest awards day to a week-long celebration with carnival rides, games, talent shows, food vendors, parades, and still traditionally; the vegetable awards. Crafts and canned goods are displayed in the public library. The Corn School Queen is crowned every year, and local businesses still contribute prizes.
Corn School went on hiatus in 1917–18, 1942–1944 and 2020.
# Coracinotus

Coracinotus is a genus of European bush crickets in the tribe Ephippigerini, first described by J. Barat in 2012. To date (2023) species have only been recorded from the Iberian Peninsula.

## Species

Barranco & Gómez (2014) provide a key to the species of Coracinotus. The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Coracinotus notarioi (Gómez, Pardo & Llorente del Moral, 1998) - type species (as Steropleurus notarioi Gómez, Pardo & Llorente del Moral)
* Coracinotus politus (Bolívar, 1901)
* Coracinotus presai Barranco & Gómez, 2014
* Coracinotus squamiferus (Bolívar, 1907)
# Cooper T61

The Cooper T61 (Type 61), also known as the Cooper T61 Monaco, or the Cooper Monaco T61, is a sports racing car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer Cooper, in 1961. It is the successor and evolution of the T57. Its motor racing career spanned 6 years (1962-1966, 1968); where it won a total of 16 races (plus 2 additional class wins), achieved 23 podium finishes, and clinched 3 pole positions. It was powered by a number of different engines, including a Coventry Climax four-cylinder engine, a Maserati V8 engine, a Ford FE engine, and a Chevrolet small-block engine.
# Morris Kiruga

Morris Kiruga, popularly know simply as M., is a Kenyan non-fiction writer, editor, researcher, and blogger. He is currently the Editor-in-Chief at The Kenyan Wall Street, and has previously served as the Head of Newsroom at TechCabal, and East Africa Editor at The Africa Report.
He is most known for his work on Owaahh.com, a content site that runs longform, investigative pieces on various topics, and various sites such as Quora. He writes mostly on little-known, quirky and bizarre stories, and uses history as an anchor to most of his analysis and writing.
Kiruga's blog has twice won the Best Topical Blog at the annual BAKE (Bloggers Association of Kenya) Awards for 2017 and 2018. He also writes for numerous publications on a wide variety of topics including history, business, crime, travel, and culture. His work on Owaahh.com was the inspiration for the theatre show Too Early for Birds, whose name is also inspired by the original title of his blog "Too Late for Worms."
Although Kiruga writes regularly on politics and religion, he is an avowed atheist and abstainer from electoral politics.
# Centrally Funded Technical Institutes

The Centrally Funded Technical Institutes (CFTIs) are a list of 122 academic institutions in India that are funded by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India.

## Institutes

Centrally Funded Technical Institutes :
| Name of the CFTI | Name of the CFTI | Number of CFTI | Number of CFTI |
| Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) | Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) | 23 | 23 |
| Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) | Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) | 20 | 20 |
| Indian Institute of Science (IISc) | Indian Institute of Science (IISc) | 1 | 1 |
| Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) | Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) | 7 | 7 |
| National Institutes of Technology (NITs) | National Institutes of Technology (NITs) | 31 | 31 |
| Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) | MoE funded | 5 | 25 |
| Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) | Public private partnership (PPP) mode | 20 | 25 |
| National Institutes of Technical Teacher's Training & Research (NITTTRs) | National Institutes of Technical Teacher's Training & Research (NITTTRs) | 4 | 4 |
| Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPA) | Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPA) | 3 | 3 |
| North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST) | North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST) | 1 | 1 |
| J. K. Institute of Applied Physics and Technology (JKIAPT) | J. K. Institute of Applied Physics and Technology (JKIAPT) | 1 | 1 |
| Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology (SLIET) | Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology (SLIET) | 1 | 1 |
| National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) | National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) | 1 | 1 |
| National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (NIAMT) | National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (NIAMT) | 1 | 1 |
| Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology (GKCIET) | Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology (GKCIET) | 1 | 1 |
| Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar | Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 122 | 122 |
# Mordellistena biroi

Mordellistena biroi is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1977 by Ermisch and is endemic to Hungary.
# Corey Charron

Corey Charron is a Canadian battle rapper and hip hop artist from Ottawa, Canada, better known mononymously as Charron.

## Early life and education

Corey Charron was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He graduated St. Peter Catholic High School and enrolled for Pre-Music Production at Algonquin College before dropping out to compete in a battle rap contest.

## Career

In 2009, Charron made his battle rap debut at 17 years old in the Canadian-based rap battle league, King of the Dot (KOTD). He also made appearances in the U.S based URL and Grind Time Now, as well as FlipTop Battle League and the UK battle league Don't Flop. He has competed in over 100+ battles which include the likes of DNA, Pat Stay, Shotgun Suge, Arsonal, and Hollow Da Don.
In 2011, Charron was named the winner of the AUX TV reality show series "Ultimate MC".
In March 2013, Charron appeared on BET's 106 & Park, and won the Freestyle Friday March Mayhem Tournament in New York. The prize was $5,000 and the opportunity to appear in the cypher segment of 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards. A BET producer later said that a format change was the reason why Charron wasn't invited to film the annual freestyle cypher. Charron eventually released a verse aimed at the BET network and a number of rappers. The following year, Charron was invited to participate in the BET Awards 2014 cypher alongside Papoose, Remy Ma and Jarren Benton.
In the summer of 2013, Charron performed as an opening act during the Canadian dates on Method Man and Redman's tour. He also opened for Wu-Block's Canadian Tour alongside Ghostface Killah and Sheek Louch.
On May 29, 2016, when Nick Cannon issued an open challenge for a $100,000 rap battle during the weekend events of the BET Awards 2016, Charron accepted the challenge and dropped a verse aimed at Cannon. Nick Cannon later responded to Charron's video with a few bars in a Facebook post of his own.
In July 2016, Charron was cast as Billy Pistolz for the film Bodied, which was co-produced by Eminem and released in 2017.
In 2017, Charron appeared on season 9 of the MTV show Wild 'N Out as a cast member. From 2017 to 2022, he made 40 appearances over eight seasons.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Lied to My Face (2014)

### Mixtapes

* Bath Salts and Vinegar Chips (2013)
# Cerodrillia asymmetrica

Cerodrillia asymmetrica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the Galapagos Islands.
# Cerro San Antonio

Cerro San Antonio is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of Magdalena. Founded on June 13, 1750 by Fernando de Mier y Guerra near the Magdalena River. The Libertador Simon Bolivar visited this town on May 23, 1813 during the War of Independence of Colombia from Spain.
# Morton Estrin

Morton Estrin (December 29, 1923 – December 7, 2017) was an American classical pianist and teacher.
His career began in 1949 with a well-received recital at Town Hall in New York. He studied with the teacher Vera Maurina-Press and others.
Estrin made the first recording of Alexander Scriabin's complete Twelve Etudes, Op. 8, which he re-recorded in 1991. Both recordings reflect the hallmarks of Estrin's style - a robust tone, formidable technique and an unusually large and sophisticated tonal palette.
Other notable recordings include a selection of Brahms intermezzos along with his Opus 119 piano pieces, and the complete Opus 32 Preludes of Sergei Rachmaninoff. These records, released in the early 1970s on the Connoisseur Society label, are among the best recordings of these works and continue to be available. Estrin's other recordings for the Connoisseur Society are also available.
In 1985, Estrin played all 24 Rachmaninoff Preludes at Alice Tully Hall.
Estrin recorded several albums of miniatures entitled Great Hits You Played When You Were Young. More recent recordings included a suite by Brahms contemporary Joachim Raff and études by Anton Rubinstein.
Although Estrin performed throughout his career, he devoted most of his time to teaching. Estrin was a professor at Hofstra University and private teacher on Long Island, where he resided until his death. His students included John Mauceri, Billy Joel, Mo Fink, and Debbie Gibson.
Estrin died on December 7, 2017, at the age of 93.
# Mordellistena forticornis

Mordellistena forticornis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1891 by George Charles Champion.
# Ceska

Ceska or Česká may refer to:
* The name of Czech Republic in Czech and the corresponding adjective
* Česká, a village and municipality in the Czech Republic
* Franz Ceska, Austrian diplomat
* Michal Češka, Czech ice dancer
# Chaetopappa bellioides

Chaetopappa bellioides, called the pretty lazy daisy, or manyflower leastdaisy, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It native to northern Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas) and to the Rio Grande Valley in western and southern Texas.
# Chaetopappa imberbis

Chaetopappa imberbis, called the awnless lazy daisy, or awnless leastdaisy, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in south-central Texas.
# Cork, Georgia

Cork is an unincorporated community in Butts County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A variant name was "Dublin". The present name is after Cork, in Ireland, the native land of a large share of the early settlers.