OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# José Quintero (disambiguation)

José Quintero (1924–1999) was a Panamanian theatre director and producer.
Jose Quintero may also refer to:
* José Agustín Quintero (1829–1885), journalist, lawyer, poet, and revolutionary
* José Humberto Quintero Parra (1902–1984), Roman Catholic cardinal
* José Quintero (footballer, born 1990), Ecuadorian footballer
* José Quintero (fencer) (born 1996), Venezuelan fencer
# Cruzeta

Cruzeta is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.

## Climate

Cruzeta experiences a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh) with hot temperatures throughout the year. January to May has a moderately rainy wet season, while the rest of the year is dry.
Climate data for Cruzeta (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.9 (94.8) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.0 (91.4) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.9 (89.4) | 33.0 (91.4) | 34.4 (93.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.0 (93.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 27.5 (81.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 22.7 (72.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 86.1 (3.39) | 90.1 (3.55) | 146.3 (5.76) | 136.0 (5.35) | 76.3 (3.00) | 38.7 (1.52) | 17.1 (0.67) | 9.7 (0.38) | 2.7 (0.11) | 4.2 (0.17) | 2.5 (0.10) | 26.1 (1.03) | 635.8 (25.03) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.4 | 6.5 | — | 10.0 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 1.3 | — | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.9 | — |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60.8 | 63.9 | 65.9 | 70.2 | 67.3 | 64.7 | 60.0 | 55.0 | 51.3 | 50.3 | 49.8 | 52.2 | 59.3 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.6 (63.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 19.0 (66.2) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# 1635 Bohrmann

1635 Bohrmann, provisional designation 1924 QW, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 March 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named for astronomer Alfred Bohrmann.

## Orbit and classification

The stony S-type asteroid belongs to the Koronis family, a group consisting of few hundred known bodies with nearly ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,761 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.
As no precoveries were taken, Bohrmann's observation arc begins with the first used observation taken on the night following its discovery.

## Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Bohrmann measures between 16.6 and 19.1 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.187 and 0.255. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for members of the Koronian family of 0.24, and calculates a diameter of 17.1 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.0.

## Lightcurves

In September and October 2003, four rotational lightcurves were obtained for this asteroid from photometric observations at several observatories around the world, including the Whitin Observatory in Wellesley, Massachusetts, as well as by U.S. astronomers Robert Stephens and Brian Warner. The lightcurves gave two different solutions for the Bohrmann's rotation period. One solution gave 5.864±0.001 and 5.86427±0.00005 hours, while the alternative solution gave 11.73±0.01 and 11.730±0.005 hours. The lightcurves had a concurring brightness variation of 0.25 in magnitude (U=2/2/3/n.a.).

## Naming

This minor planet was named after German astronomer Alfred Bohrmann (1904–2000), a long-time observer of minor planets at the discovering Heidelberg Observatory and a discoverer of minor planets himself. During his career he had published several hundreds of precise observations of asteroids. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3931).
# 16VSB

16VSB is an abbreviation for 16-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting four bits (2$^4$=16) at a time.

## How it works

Other slower but more rugged forms of VSB include 2VSB, 4VSB, and 8VSB. 16VSB is capable of twice the data capacity of 8VSB; while 8VSB delivers 19.39 Mbit/s (Megabits per second) in a 6-MHz television channel, 16VSB could deliver 38.78 Mbit/s, while making the sacrifice of being more prone to transmission error.

## History

While 8VSB is the ATSC digital broadcast modulation format, 16VSB was planned for cable distribution. 16VSB is about twice as susceptible to noise, therefore less suitable than 8VSB for broadcast, but well suited to the signal-to-noise ratio of hybrid fiber-coax distribution, allowing twice as much programming in a 6-MHz channel.

## Technological obsolescence

As of 2007, a majority of cable companies have chosen to extend their existing quadrature amplitude modulation-based systems to carry digital television rather than adopting any form of VSB. It is probable that 16VSB has been replaced by Digital Transmission Standard For Cable Television a cable standard that defines 64QAM and 256QAM transmission for digital cable.
# 1729 in architecture

The year 1729 in architecture involved some significant events.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings

* February 3 – The foundation stone is laid for the new Irish Houses of Parliament on College Green in Dublin, designed by Edward Lovett Pearce MP as the world's first purpose-built bicameral legislative building.
* Completion of Castletown House, Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland's first Palladian mansion, designed by Alessandro Galilei and Edward Lovett Pearce for William Conolly, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons.
* Completion of Kinlet Hall, Shropshire, England, designed by Francis Smith of Warwick.
* Completion of Marble Hill House, Twickenham, near London, designed by Roger Morris.
* Completion of Sutton Scarsdale Hall, Derbyshire, England, designed by Francis Smith of Warwick.
* Christ Church, Spitalfields, and St George in the East in London, designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor, are completed for the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches.
* Chiswick House in London is designed by Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and William Kent.
* The Palladian Dormitory at Westminster School in London is designed by Richard Boyle.
* Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar) completed.

## Awards

* Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Joseph Eustache de Bourge.

## Births

* February 6 – Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia, Sicilian architect (died 1814)
* June 29 (bapt.) – Thomas Atkinson, English architect working in Yorkshire (died 1798)
* November 5 – Martín de Aldehuela, Spanish architect (died 1802)
* November 24 – Jean-François Leroy, French architect (died 1791)
* Approximate date – Joseph Turner, Welsh-born architect (died 1807)

## Deaths

* September 13 – Colen Campbell, Scottish-born architect (born 1676)
# 1848 in Japan

Events in the year 1848 in Japan.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Kōmei

## Births

* January 4 - Katsura Tarō (d. 1913), general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan.
# James Blond

James Blond may refer to:
* James Bond
* Daniel Craig, the first blond actor to play James Bond
# James Evans (historian)

James Richard Evans (born 17 December 1975) is an English historian, author and television producer.

## Education

Evans grew up in Epsom and was educated at Whitgift School. Evans attended Oriel College, Oxford University. and studied History graduating in 1998. He went on to do doctoral studies at Oriel College where he wrote a D.Phil on the national question in the new state of Yugoslavia after World War I.

## Career

Since university he worked on producing multiple television historical documentaries as well as helping to write the accompanying books for the series.
His first major book, Merchant Adventurers: The Voyage of Discovery that Transformed Tudor England (2013) used the primary source of a story he came across during a television project. It tells the story of the failed 1553 voyage to reach China and the Spice Islands of the Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands and the principals, Richard Chancellor, Sebastian Cabot and Sir Hugh Willoughby. It was published in the US as Tudor Adventurers: An Arctic Voyage of Discovery: The Hunt for the Northeast Passage.
In July 2017 his second book Emigrants: Why the English Sailed to the New World, was published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
In July 2017 Evans was interviewed by Dan Snow for Dan Snow's History Hit Podcast.

## Publications

* James, Evans (2017). Emigrants: Why the English Sailed to the New World. Hachette. ISBN 978-0297866909.
* James, Evans (2014). Tudor Adventurers. Pegasus. ISBN 978-1605986111.
* James, Evans (2013). Merchant Adventurers: The Voyage of Discovery that Transformed Tudor England. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-29786-689-3.
* James, Evans (2008). Great Britain and the Creation of Yugoslavia: Negotiating Balkan Nationality and Identity. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1845114886.

## Personal life

He lives in North London with his wife and three children.
# James Lewis Wayman

James Lewis Wayman from the San Jose State University, Pebble Beach, CA was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to standards, testing, and analysis of biometrics in automated human recognition systems.
# James Hurt

James Maurice Hurt Jr is an American jazz pianist.

## Early life

Hurt had early training as a drummer.

## Career

Hurt was a member of Sherman Irby's quartet that played regularly at Smalls Jazz Club in New York City in the late 1990s. Gregory Tardy wrote a song after him, entitled "Mr. Hurt"; the pair played with Rashied Ali in 1999.
In the 1990s, Hurt played on albums with Antonio Hart (Here I Stand), Abbey Lincoln (Wholly Earth), and Russell Gunn.
His own first album was Dark Grooves – Mystical Rhythms on Blue Note Records in 1999. In a review of the album, James Lien of CMJ New Music Report called Hurt "one of the more adventurous young pianists to recently emerge on the New York scene." Calvin Wilson of The Kansas City Star described the album as "at once boldly experimental and totally accessible."
James has played with Elizabeth Kontomanou, Graham Haynes, DJ Logic, and composer, percussionist, and conductor Adam Rudolph (as a percussionist),
Hurt has made guest appearances with Donald Edwards, Stacy Dillard, and Rudresh Mahanthappa.
Hurt has been a piano tutor at the New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music.

## Discography

As leader
* Dark Grooves, Mystical Rhythms (Blue Note, 1999)
As sideman
* Russell Gunn, Gunn Fu (HighNote, 1997)
* Antonio Hart, Here I Stand (Impulse!/GRP, 1997)
* Sherman Irby, Full Circle (Blue Note, 1997)
* Sherman Irby, Big Mama's Biscuits (Blue Note, 1998)
* Abbey Lincoln, Wholly Earth (Verve/Gitanes Jazz, 1998 [1999])
* Russell Gunn, Love Requiem (HighNote, 1999)
* Jeffery Smith, Down Here Below (Verve, 1999)
* DJ Spinna, Here to There (Rapster, 2002)
* DJ Spinna, Outta Time featuring the Free Radikalz (Papa, 2004)
* DJ Spinna, Intergalactic Soul (Wonderwax, 2006)
# James Pulham and Son

James Pulham and Son was a firm of Victorian landscape gardeners and terracotta manufacturers which exhibited and won medals at London's Great Exhibition of 1851 and 1862 International Exhibition.

## History

James Pulham and Son was founded by James Pulham (1765–1830) of Woodbridge in Suffolk, then succeeded by his son James (1793–1838) who was succeeded by his eldest son James (1820–1898) and then by two further generations of eldest sons, all named James. The firm went out of business in 1939.
The firm was best known for the construction of rock gardens, follies and grottoes using both natural stone and their own invention, Pulhamite artificial rock. Pulham and Son also manufactured a wide range of terracotta and Pulhamite garden ornaments, originally at their works in Tottenham, but after 1840 at Broxbourne in Hertfordshire. In 1895 the firm was granted a Royal Warrant by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, and some of their work survives at Sandringham House and Buckingham Palace.
At the Great Exhibition of 1862, the firm exhibited the upper section of the Hebe Fountain, surmounted by a portrayal of the Greek goddess Hebe. James Pullham II (the son) received a recommendation for the architectural decoration in terracotta. The fountain is now at Dunorlan Park, Tunbridge Wells.
At the 1867 Paris Exhibition the company showed the "Preston vase" (several of which were made for the People's Park, Preston), and the Mulready monument. The latter, modelled by Godfrey Sykes consisted of a pedestal 15 feet long and 10 feet wide, supporting an effigy, seven feet long, on a raised bier. It won a silver medal at the exhibition, and was installed at Kensal Green Cemetery on its return from Paris.

## Works

* Statues on the Freemasons lodge (The Castle) at Woodridge (1814)
* Statue of Old Father Time on the "Little Castle" at Woodridge (1816)
* Facade of the Female Orphan Asylum at Tottenham
* Bull carving for the "Black Bull Inn" in Holborn
* Bust of Alfred the Great (1825)
* Bust of William Penn (1825)
* Garden layout at Highnam Court
# James Msekela

James Alex Msekela (born 3 September 1959) is a Tanzanian politician and diplomat.
He was Tanzania's ambassador to Italy, having been appointed by President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete and sworn in on 5 January 2012.

## Early life and education

In his early life Msekela grew up in Tabora District and later on in Nzega District, Ijanija ward, where he finished his primary education in 1973 at the Tazengwa Primary School. From 1974 he attended Tanga Technical Secondary School, graduating in 1977, and went on to Dar es Salaam Technical College where he received his Full Technician Certificate in 1981. He joined the CCM as a youth member in 1980, and a full member in 1982. After graduation he briefly worked with The Tanzania Cashewnut Authority before he went to Mafinga to do his compulsory one-year National Service. In mid 1982 he got employed at the University of Dar es Salaam as a technician.
In mid 1983 he received a scholarship to Leningrad State Technical University in the U.S.S.R. where in 1990 he received his Master's of science in Engineering. Upon his return from Russia, he was hired as a lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam. Three years later he was admitted to the Electrical Machines Department of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden where he received his Licentiate Teknik degree in 1995. This was concurrent with his work on his doctorate at the University of Dar es Salaam, where he received his Ph.D. in Engineering in 1997. He continued teaching at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Dar es Salaam until October 2000 when he got elected Member of Parliament, representing Tabora Constituency under the CCM ticket, the position he retained for five more years after the National Election of year 2005.

## Politics

A long time CCM party member, Msekela entered politics in 2000 when he got elected Member of Parliament for Tabora North Constituency, alongside taking duties for the party. He was re-elected to the Tanzanian Parliament in 2005 from the Tabora North Tabora (Tabora Kaskazini) of Tabora Urban District. In 2006, in addition to his MP duties, he was appointed by the President of the United Republic of Tanzania as Regional Commissioner for Mwanza Region. which job he held until February 2009 when he was appointed Regional Commissioner for the Dodoma Region where he served until October 2011. Msekela did not run again for parliament in the 2010 elections. From Dodoma he went on to become the Ambassador to Italy for four years starting from early 2012.
# James R. Stewart

James Robert Stewart G.S.A. Ph. (October 1, 1903 – April 30, 1964) was a member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and succeeded Marcus Garvey as President-General of the organization. He successfully relocated its headquarters to Liberia.

## Life

Stewart was born in Moorhead, Mississippi, the son of a wealthy plantation owner; his uncle Professor William Stewart taught in Centreville, Mississippi. He began school in Morehead and moved to Cleveland by 1915, where he studied art and commercial business. After completing school, he temporarily served as a mail clerk at the post office, became a Spanish instructor, and served as an interpreter for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He became an amateur boxing champion in Ohio, weighing in at 138 pounds.
Stewart joined the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) as a teenager in 1919. He became the President of the Cleveland Division in 1933 and State Commissioner in 1937 after taking President-General Garvey's Course of African Philosophy and graduating with high honors. After Garvey's death in June 1940, the August 1940 Emergency Conference of the UNIA Commissioners in New York City elected Stewart President-General to complete the final two years of Garvey's term.

### President-General

As President-General, Stewart transferred the International Headquarters of the UNIA from New York to Cleveland and immediately launched a national speaking tour to inspire existing Divisions and create new ones. He held a series of Conferences and Conventions, launched the New Negro World Newspaper, and resumed offering the Course of African Philosophy.
By 1943, he obtained sixty five acres of farmland in Oregonia, Ohio and within 6 years transformed it into a modern community. Unhappy with this development, a rehabilitating committee held a conference in Detroit, Michigan. In 1949, President-General Stewart successfully repatriated his family and other supporters to Liberia, officially establishing the International Headquarters of the UNIA-ACL on African soil. The move led to a split in the organization; a faction of opponents led by Thomas W. Harvey was formed to denounce Stewart. Harvey was appointed as President-General of the new UNIA group, whose headquarters was established in Philadelphia in 1951.
Stewart maintained and expanded the UNIA-ACL program and estate in Liberia, establishing a productive farm, restaurant, school, and hospital. He maintained a close relationship with President William Tubman of Liberia who was serving as the UNIA-ACL Potentate and Supreme Commissioner by 1954.
President-General Stewart died in Liberia in 1964. He was survived by his wife, Goldie Stewart, two sons, Victor and James Jr, and three daughters, Anita, Donna and Roberta.
# James Kielsmeier

James "Jim" Kielsmeier is founder and President/CEO of the National Youth Leadership Council, based in St. Paul, Minnesota. He also founded the Center for Experiential Education and Service-Learning at the University of Minnesota, where he is also an adjunct professor. Kielsmeier helped initiate the nonprofit African Reconciliation and Development Corps International and led their first project in Somalia (1993–94) during the civil war.

## Biography

Kielsmeier spent time as a youth worker in Harlem, and then as a U.S. Army Infantry platoon leader and community relations officer in Korea during the 1960s. In Korea, he developed a program placing GIs as tutors in schools. A former middle and high school teacher and Outward Bound instructor, Kielsmeier founded the National Youth Leadership Council in 1983, initially based at the University of Minnesota.
Kielsmeier has also been engaged in the design and implementation of comprehensive state and federal youth service and service-learning models. He has advised three Minnesota governors, helped U.S. Senators Dave Durenberger and Paul Wellstone write the 1990 and 1993 National and Community Service Act, advised the Clinton and Obama Administrations’ transition teams, and testified before the Minnesota House and Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. Kielsmeier also helped initiate the nonprofit African Reconciliation and Development Corps International, and led its first project to build schools in Somalia during the civil war in 1993. He is a member of the Board for the newly organized Bilingual Christian University of Congo.
Currently, Kielsmeier is an adjunct professor at the University of Minnesota. He earned a Ph.D. in education from the University of Colorado, a master's in international relations from American University in Washington, D.C., and a bachelor's degree from Wheaton College. In 2008 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Laws from Concordia University, St. Paul in Saint Paul. He is married to Rev. Deborah Eng Kielsmeier and is the father of three grown daughters.

## Recognition

* Kurt Hahn Award of the Association for Experiential Education
* Lifetime Achievement Award of the National Indian Youth Leadership Project
* Rotary Club's Paul Harris Award
* George Norlin Award, the highest alumni recognition of the University of Colorado
# James Voss (rugby union)

James Voss (born 22 July 1994) is an English professional rugby union player for Coventry in the RFU Championship. His usual position is lock.

## Career

Voss made his debut for Jersey Reds in National League 1 as a 17 year old. He played 30 times in Jersey's first two campaigns in the RFU Championship before joining Hartpury College R.F.C. back in National League 1 in 2014.
In 2016 Voss re-joined Jersey. On 27 March 2018 Voss joined Leicester Tigers in Premiership Rugby with immediate effect.
Voss never played for Leicester and joined Championship side Coventry on a season-long loan for the 2018-19 season. Voss then made the move to Coventry permanent in April 2019, signing a two-year contract.
# Jamie Cook (rugby league)

Jamie Cook is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a hooker at the 2000 World Cup with the Aotearoa Māori side.

## Playing career

Cook played for the Northcote Tigers and Marist Richmond Brothers in the Bartercard Cup.
Cook represented the Aotearoa Māori side at the 2000 World Cup, playing in one match. He was again picked for New Zealand Māori in 2002, playing against Tonga.
# Jan-Erik Lane

Jan-Erik Lane (born 1946) is a social scientist and professor emeritus at UNIGE, with residence in Höganäs.

## Life

Jan-Erik Lane has taught politics and economics at many universities around the world. He has been a member of many editorial boards of political and social science journals. He has published more than 700 books and articles. In 1996 (and 2009), he received the Humboldt Award by the Humboldt Stiftung, receiving also a Lady Davis Fellowship at the Hebrew University in 2006 and also 2012, as well as honorary medals from Kairo University and the university o of Qatar. He has been full professor in 3 universities like Umea and Oslo universities and visiting professor at many more. He also taught at The University of South Pacific.
# Jamnagar–Porbandar line

vteJamnagar–Porbandar line :
Legend :
The Jamnagar–Porbandar line belongs to Western Railway of Rajkot Division.

## History

The Jamnagar–Porbandar railway metre-gauge railway was opened for traffic in 1946 jointly by Porbandar Railway and Dwaraka & Jamnagar Railway. After then it was merged into Saurashtra Railway in April 1948. Later Western Railway came into existence on 5 November 1951. Gauge conversion of the Jamnagar–Porbandar section completed in the early 1980s.
# James Nesbitt (disambiguation)

James Nesbitt (born 1965) is an actor from Northern Ireland.
James Nesbitt may also refer to:
* James Nesbitt (athlete) (1913–1992), British discus thrower in the 1948 Olympics
* James Nesbitt (bushranger) (1858–1879), Australian robber
* Jim Nesbitt (1931–2007), American country music singer
* Jimmy Nesbitt (police officer) (1934–2014), Royal Ulster Constabulary Detective Chief Inspector
* J. Aird Nesbitt (c. 1907–1985), Canadian department store owner