OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annie Barnes (academic)

Annie Barnes (born Annie Madeleine Sessely; 15 April 1903 – 17 January 2003) was a Swiss-English scholar, Reader in French Literature at the University of Oxford, and an expert on Blaise Pascal.

## Career

Barnes was born in Geneva and took her doctorate at the University of Bern. Her initial employment in Oxford was at Somerville College and Lady Margaret Hall. She became Lecturer in French at St Anne's Society, Oxford, in 1947, and was one of the Founding Fellows when it was chartered as St Anne's College, Oxford in 1952. She was appointed University Reader in 1966. At retirement in 1971 she was appointed an Honorary Fellow of St Anne's. She died on 17 January 2003, aged 99.

## Publications

* Jean Le Clerc (1657–1736) et la République des lettres (1938)
* Lettres inédites de Jean Duvergier de Hauranne, Abbé de Saint-Cyran: le manuscrit de Munich (Cod. Gall. 691) et la vie d'Abraham (1962)
# Kovalčík

Kovalčík or Kovalcik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ivan Kovalčik Mileševac (born 1968), Serbian icon and fresco painter
* Štefan Kovalčík (1921–1973), Czechoslovakian/Slovak Olympic cross country skier
* Zak Kovalcik (born 1983), American track cyclist
# Bulmahn

Bulmahn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edelgard Bulmahn (born 1951), German politician
* Jason Bulmahn (born 1976), American game designer
* Luna Bulmahn (born 1999), German athlete
# Last Letters from Stalingrad

Last Letters from Stalingrad (German: Letzte Briefe aus Stalingrad) is an anthology of letters from German soldiers who took part in the Battle for Stalingrad during World War II. Originally published in West Germany in 1950, the book was translated into many languages (into English by Anthony G. Powell in 1956), and has been issued in numerous editions.
The German High Command wished to gauge the morale of the troops of the encircled 6th Army, so they allowed the soldiers to write and send the letters which became the basis for Last Letters from Stalingrad. The letters were then impounded, opened, stripped of identification and sorted by content, before eventually being stored in archives.
Unlike the usual military history accounts focusing on mass armies of anonymous men, the reader is presented with the personal tragedies of individual soldiers, the "single human being ... in the face of death", getting a tangible impression of the horrors of war. The letters are a "human document which bares the soul of the man at his worst hour", and by softening the identification of Germany with Nazism the book helped Germany to take its place in the Western post-war community of nations.
French president François Mitterrand supposedly carried the French edition with him in the last months of his life, and drew inspiration from it in writing his speech for the 50th anniversary of the end of the war on the 8 May 1995.

## Questioned authenticy

German jurist and legal scholar Wilhelm Raimund Beyer has questioned the authenticity of the letters. He questions their authenticity based on the textual style and based on his own experiences during the Battle of Stalingrad. The historian Jens Ebert has accused the former German war reporter of Propagandakompanie 637 attached to the 6th Army during the war Heinz Schröter to have written the book.
The letters refuse to admit the complete hopelessness of the 6th Army, and in fact (cited from letters never to be delivered, either pulled from corpses or retained by advancing Soviet troops), even the German Luftwaffe were being mauled by inadequate Russian fighter planes. These last pathetic realizations were censored by postmasters so as not to stain German invincibility at home. Publishing edited versions could stir up nationalism and hatred of the enemy

## Adaptations

The book inspired two works of contemporary music theater: a chamber music piece by New York composer Elias Tanenbaum, and the 1998 Symphonie No.10 "Letzte briefe aus Stalingrad" of French composer Aubert Lemeland, a collage of music and recitation.
# Clifford Birdinground

Clifford Birdinground is an American politician and member of the Crow Tribe of Montana. Birdinground served as the Chairman of the Crow Tribe from 2000 to 2002.
Birdinground's predecessor, former Chairwoman Clara Nomee, was indicted in 1997 convicted of felony theft of tribal land in September 1998. However, her conviction to did not prohibit her from holding tribal office. She ran for re-election for a sixth term in 2000. However, Birdinground won the May 2000 election, defeating Nomee with 67% of the vote.
Birdinground took office in 2000. Upon taking office, Birdinground canceled all deals and transactions made by the Nomee administration following her 1997 indictment. He also fired approximately 130 tribal government employees.
Birdinground pleaded guilty to one count of bribery in U.S. federal court in 2002, and resigned from office in a letter of resignation dated September 5, 2002. He was sentenced to 37 months in prison in September 2003 and, after a series of appeals, was ordered to begin serving his sentence January 4, 2007, at the Florence Federal Correctional Complex in Colorado.
Birdinground was succeeded by interim Crow Vice Chairman Vincent Goes Ahead Jr. upon his resignation in September 2002. Goes Ahead, who had been elected vice chairman in 2000, ran for the special election to complete the remainder of Birdinground's unexpired term in November 2002. However, Goes Ahead was defeated in the election by Carl Venne. Venne received 1,589 votes to win, while Goes Ahead received 1,481 votes. Venne was sworn in as Birdinground's permanent successor on November 12, 2002. Goes Ahead remained Vice Chairman until his term expired in 2004.
# Mesoscia dyari

Mesoscia dyari is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.
The wingspan is 29 mm. The costal edge of the forewings is fuscous brown, below it (for two-thirds) is a broad yellowish-white shade, extending at the base to the inner margin. The medial space is fuscous brown, extending to the apex and outer margin below the submedian, where it is met by a paler grey-brown terminal broad shade, which does not extend above vein 4. The outer space is otherwise yellowish white, its inner edge oblique from the apex to vein 5, then incurved, tapering to a point above the submedian. The hindwings are white, the costa broadly, also the inner margin, and the outer margin near the anal angle more narrowly shaded with fuscous grey.
# Kovalıca, Bozüyük

Kovalıca is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 174 (2021).
# Annie Barnes

Annie Barnes may refer to:
* Annie Barnes (academic) (1903–2003), Swiss-English academic of French literature
* Annie Barnes (suffragist) (1886–1982), British socialist and suffragist
* Annie Maria Barnes (1857–1933 or 1943), American journalist, editor and author
# Bostrichiformia

Bostrichiformia is an infraorder of polyphagan beetles.
It contains two superfamilies, Derodontoidea and Bostrichoidea, which includes the Dermestidae, Ptinidae, Bostrichidae and others.
# Burgess' butterflyfish

Burgess' butterflyfish (Chaetodon burgessi), also known as the black & white butterflyfish or black-barred butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It occurs in the western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

Burgess' butterflyfish is whitish to pale yellowish and is marked by three areas of contrasting black. The first is a black bar which runs through the eye, the second is a diagonal bar which starts at the top of the head and runs to the rear of the base of the pectoral fin while the third is a wide black wedge covering the posterior of the body. The dorsal fin contains 13 spines and 18-19 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 15-16 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in).

## Distribution

Burgess' butterflyfish is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it has been recorded from Green Island off southern Taiwan, the Indonesian islands of Flores, Sulawesi and Raja Ampat, Sabah in Malaysia, Palau, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia and Tonga. It has also been recorded in Australia at Rowley Shoals in Western Australia and Holmes Reef in the Coral Sea, Queensland.

## Habitat and biology

Burgess' butterflyfish are found along drop-offs where there is an abundance of gorgonians and black corals, typically at depths greater than 40 metres (130 ft), although in places they will occur in shallower water. They are encountered as either solitary fish or in pairs. This is an oviparous species and they form pairs for breeding. They feed on gorgonians, black corals, worms, crustaceans, sponges and other invertebrates.

## Taxonomy and etymology

Burgess' butterflyfish was first formally described in 1973 by the American ichthyologists Gerald R. Allen and Walter A. Starck II with the type locality given as off Bairakaseru Island in the Ngemelis Islands part of the Palau Islands in the Philippine Sea. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist Warren E. Burgess who wrote a 1978 revision of the Chaetodontidae during which he brought Allen and Starck's attention to this species and its affinity with the Indian butterflyfish (C. mitratus). Populations of similar fishes to C. burgessi in the Marshall Islands are thought to be hybrids between this species and the Marquesas butterflyfish (C. declivis).

## Utilisation

Burgess' butterflyfish is collected for the aquarium trade with most fish in that trade being exported from the Philippines. Although it can be a demanding species to maintain they can be useful in controlling Aiptasia sea anemones which can be a problem in aquariums.
# Lardon Chase, the Holies and Lough Down

Lardon Chase, the Holies and Lough Down is a National Trust countryside property in the English county of Berkshire. It is situated on the edge of the Berkshire Downs above the village of Streatley and overlooking the Goring Gap. The property comprises an outstanding area of 27 hectares (67 acres) of downland and woodland with many attractive walks and views. Lardon Chase, and a part of the Holies known as Holies Down, are also designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. The property lies within the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and in an area known for the presence of several Neolithic and Iron Age forts.
Lardon Chase and Lough Down comprise a spur of downland which lies to the west of Goring and Streatley. Since it was acquired by the National Trust, the land has been managed by a mixture of scrub clearance and cattle grazing, so as to encourage the growth of chalk-loving plants. The Holies is a woodland fringed grassy coombe which is separated from Lardon Chase and Lough Down by the B4009 road from Streatley to Newbury. Before acquisition by the National Trust, the Holies was used for motorbike scrambling and turf stripping, resulting in considerable damage to the ground. The National Trust is encouraging the natural recolonisation of the area by chalk-loving plant species. There are three turf mazes in the Holies.
The slopes of the property form one of the largest remaining areas of chalk grassland in the county and support a wide range of flowers and butterflies. Plants found in the grassland include autumn gentian, clustered bellflower, blue fleabane, vervain, common rock-rose, horseshoe vetch, kidney vetch, marjoram, yellow-wort, purging flax, wild carrot, chalk milkwort, stemless thistle, eyebright, mouse-ear hawkweed, salad burnet, ragwort, wild thyme, hairy violet, squinancywort, hawkweed ox-tongue, common spotted orchid and pyramidal orchid. Scattered bands of hawthorn scrub provide shelter for insect life and several butterfly species can be found, including chalkhill blue, marbled white, adonis blue, grizzled skipper and dingy skipper.
The property is accessible from a car park located on the B4009, or by steeply climbing footpaths from Streatley village. The Holies is also accessible (on foot only) from the A329 road south of Streatley, whilst Lough Down can be accessed from the ancient track of The Ridgeway on its northern boundary. Access is free, and available at all times. The property adjoins the Goring & Streatley Golf Club.
* Looking down the Thames Valley from Lardon Chase
* The Goring Gap seen from Lardon Chase on a snowy January day
* Lough Down
* The Holies, looking across to the Chiltern Hills
# Capivari do Sul

Capivari do Sul is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
# Mertesdorf

Mertesdorf is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near Trier. Grünhaus is a part of Mertesdorf.
# Mertesheim

Mertesheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

The municipality lies in the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration and belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland, whose seat is in Grünstadt, although that town is itself not in the Verbandsgemeinde.

## History

In 771, Meldrisheim had its first documentary mention.
It is mentioned in the Wormser wall-building ordinance from around 900 as one of the places that shared responsibility for maintaining the city wall of Worms.
Until 1969 it belonged to the now abolished district of Frankenthal. Currently it is in the district of Bad Dürkheim, and it joined the newly formed Verbandsgemeinde of Grünstadt-Land in 1972.

## Religion

In 2007, 43.5% of the inhabitants were Catholic and 35.3% Evangelical. The rest belonged to other faiths or adhered to none.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

### Mayor

The mayor of Mertesheim is Kurt Waßner, elected in June 2019.

### Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: In Rot auf grünem Dreiberg ein schreitender widersehender silberner Hirsch mit einem goldenen Wiederkreuz statt des Geweihs.
The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Gules on a mount of three in base vert a stag passant reguardant argent unguled Or with a cross crosslet of the same instead of attires.
The German blazon, however, does not mention the stag's golden hooves (“unguled Or”).
The arms were approved in 1926 by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior and date from a 16th-century seal.

## Economy and infrastructure
### Transport

Mertesheim lies on the Eis Valley Railway, which runs between Grünstadt and Ramsen and is served by scheduled Regionalbahn trains. Public transport is integrated into the VRN, whose fares therefore apply.
# Mertensophryne uzunguensis

Mertensophryne uzunguensis, also known as the Uzungwe toad, Udzungwa toad, and Udzungwa forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and found in the Udzungwa Mountains and the Southern Highlands. Its natural habitats are swampy montane grasslands. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by afforestation with pines, overgrazing, and agricultural expansion. Whether its range includes the Udzungwa Mountains National Park is unknown.
# Edward Beck

Edward Beck may refer to:
* Edward Beck (British Army officer) (1880–1974)
* Edward Beck (Jericho), a fictional character in the television drama series Jericho
* Edward L. Beck, American Roman Catholic priest, television personality and writer
* Edward Beck (academic) (1848–1916), British academic
* Ed Beck (1936–2019), American basketball player
* Ted Beck, writer of All American Orgy
# Edward Beck (academic)

Edward Anthony Beck (21 March 1848 - 12 April 1916) was a British academic in the last third of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th.
Beck was educated at Bishop's Stortford College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he was to spend the rest of his career. He was Scholar in 1867; Chancellor's English Medallist, 1868 and 1870; Fellow from 1871 to 1902; Seatonian Prizeman in 1874; Assistant Tutor in 1875; Junior Tutor in 1885; Senior Tutor in 1887; and Senior proctor from 1881 to 1888, when he became Vice Master. He was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge from his election in November 1902 until his death; and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1904 until 1906.

## Personal life

On 30 December 1874, Beck married Emily Mary Clark with whom he later had five children. Edward Ashton Anthony was born in 1877, Bernard Redin in 1879, Emily Dorothy in 1881, Barbara Daisy was born in 1882 and Millicent Sarah was born in 1883.
# Dierfeld

Dierfeld is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Among Germany’s smallest municipalities, it is the least populous, with just 9 people living in the municipality.

## Geography
### Location

Dierfeld can only be reached from the west over a small road that links the place with Laufeld. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Wittlich-Land.

### Neighbouring municipalities

Besides Laufeld, the other neighbours are Wallscheid, Mückeln, Oberscheidweiler, Hasborn, Niederöfflingen and Oberöfflingen.

## History

Dierfeld arose from a hunting lodge that the Counts of Manderscheid had built in the 16th century. Beginning in 1794, Dierfeld lay under French rule. In 1814 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1947, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

### Population

Dierfeld has only nine inhabitants and is thereby the least populous municipality in all of Germany (as of 2021). The municipality’s head and mayor is Gerhard von Greve-Dierfeld.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 6 council members (this, of course, means that only two people in the municipality are not on council), who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
At elections to the European Parliament, the Bundestag and the Landtag, a common voting area has been formed with Manderscheid to ensure that ballots are kept secret.
In 2006, the municipality had the highest commercial tax rates in Rhineland-Palatinate. This was resolved by the mayor, who is also the owner of a tree nursery. The municipality is debt-free.
# 31st Brigade

31st Brigade or 31st Infantry Brigade may refer to:
* 31st Brigade (Australia)
* 31st Brigade (France)
* 31st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Greece)
* 31st Indian Brigade of the British Indian Army in the First World War
* 31st Indian Infantry Brigade of the British Indian Army in the Second World War
* 31st Mechanized Brigade (Soviet Union)
* 31st Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
* 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States)
* 31st (North Midland) Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 31st Brigade (United Kingdom)
# Diego Rosas Anaya

Diego Rosas Anaya (c. 1990 – August 2, 2021) was a Mexican politician and member of the National Action Party (PAN). Rosa was elected to the Congress of the State of Mexico, representing the 17th district based in Huixquilucan, on June 6, 2021, but died on August 2, 2021, before taking office.
Member-elect Diego Rosas Anaya died of a heart attack on August 2, 2021, at the age of 31. He had been scheduled to take office in the Congress of the State of Mexico on September 5, 2021. His running mate, Luis Narcizo Fierro Cima, will assume his seat in the state congress following his death.
# Merriam, Indiana

Merriam is an unincorporated community in Noble Township, Noble County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Merriam in 1853, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1907. According to Ronald L. Baker, the name may honor Mason M. Merriam or a member of his family. Mason M. Merriam operated a local store in the 1840s.
# Merriam's shrew

Merriam's shrew (Sorex merriami) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to the western United States and extreme southern British Columbia in Canada.
# 349 Dembowska

349 Dembowska is a large asteroid of the main belt, discovered on 9 December 1892, by the French astronomer Auguste Charlois while working at the observatory in Nice, France. It is named in honor of the Baron Hercules Dembowski, an Italian astronomer who made significant contributions to research on double and multiple stars.
Orbiting just inside the prominent 7:3 resonance with Jupiter, 349 Dembowska is among the largest asteroids in the main belt with an estimated diameter of ~140 km. It has a rotational period of 4.7012 hours, and is classified as an R-type asteroid for the presence of strong absorption lines in olivine and pyroxene with little or no metals. It may have undergone partial melting/differentiation. 349 Dembowska has an unusually high albedo of 0.384. Of the asteroids with a diameter greater than 75 km, only 4 Vesta has a higher known albedo.
Dembowska and 16 Psyche have orbits that repeat themselves almost exactly every five years in respect to their position to the Sun and Earth.
In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty. There was one occultation on 31 October 2006, and on 5 December 2007.
# 333 Badenia

333 Badenia (/bəˈdiːniə/ bə-DEE-nee-ə; prov. designation: A892 QA or 1892 A) is a large background asteroid, approximately 72 kilometers (45 miles) in diameter, located the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 22 August 1892, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.9 hours. It was named after the historical Grand Duchy of Baden that existed until 1918, and where the discovering observatory is located. Badenia was the first asteroid to receive a provisional designation.

## Orbit and classification

Badenia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,023 days; semi-major axis of 3.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Badenia is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid, though with a nosy spectrum (:).

### Rotation period

In April 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Badenia was obtained from photometric observations by Frederick Pilcher. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 9.862±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24±0.02 magnitude (U=3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Badenia measures between 64.01 and 78.51 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.047 and 0.061. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0475 and a diameter of 78.17 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.46.
# Meton granulicollis

Meton granulicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1859. It is known from Moluccas.

## Subspecies

* Meton granulicollis granulicollis Pascoe, 1859
* Meton granulicollis tenimberensis Breuning, 1965
# Metaselena

Metaselena is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Metaselena alboatra Diakonoff, 1939
* Metaselena allophlebodes Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena diakonoffi Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena lepta Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena pemphigodes Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena pithana Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena platyptera Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena rhabdota Horak & Sauter, 1981
* Metaselena symphylos Horak & Sauter, 1981