OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cranwell Light Aeroplane Club

The Cranwell Light Aeroplane Club was formed in 1923 by staff and students of the RAF College Cranwell to design and build light aircraft. One of the members was Flight Lieutenant Nicholas Comper who became the Chief Designer. Comper and the club designed and built four aircraft with the last three types being flown.

## Aircraft

* CLA.1 - The Cranwell CLA.1 was the first attempt by the Club to design an aircraft but was never built.
* CLA.2 - The Cranwell CLA.2 was a two-seat single-engined biplane designed and built for the 1924 Lympne light aircraft trials. It was first flown at Cranwell at 14 September 1924 and went on to win the £300 Reliability Prize at Lympne. After the light plane trials the CLA.2 went to RAF Martlesham Heath for evaluation but it was written off by an Air Ministry pilot. The Air Ministry compensated the club for the loss and this was used to fund the next project.
* CLA.3 - The Cranwell CLA.3 was designed to compete in the 1925 Lympne light aircraft trials, a high-wing braced monoplane powered by a Bristol Cherub engine. It won the International Speed Race at Lympne when it achieved 86.92 mph. The CLA.3 was scrapped in 1929.
* CLA.4 - Two Cranwell CLA.4s were built for the 1926 Lympne light aircraft trials, they were two-seat inverted sesquiplanes. The first aircraft was flown by Comper at the trials but was withdrawn with a damaged landing gear. The second aircraft was destroyed in a crash in March 1927.
* CLA.7 - The Comper CLA.7 Swift was designed by Comper for the Club but was built after he left the Royal Air Force by his company Comper Aircraft Company.
# Chiang Chih-chung

Chiang Chih-chung (Chinese: 江志忠; pinyin: Jiāng Zhìzhōng) is a Taiwanese javelin thrower. He is Chinese Taipei's most successful representative at the Paralympic Games, having won two gold medals, in 2000 and 2004. He competes in the F13 category for athletes with visual disabilities. He set a world record at the Sydney Games with a throw of 57.28 metres, before setting a new world record in Athens with a throw of 59.38 metres.
At the International Blind Sports Federation World Championships and Games in Brazil in 2007, Chiang won a gold medal in the javelin, silver in the discus and bronze in shot put. As of January 2008, he had won seven gold medals in international competitions.
In 2004, Chiang was awarded the Order of Brilliant Star with Cravat in recognition of his Paralympic performances.
He was due to represent Chinese Taipei again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, but was barred from attending by the International Paralympic Committee. The Taipei Times reported that no reason was given for the ban, even after the Chinese Taipei Paralympic Committee had requested an explanation from the IPC. A representative of the CTPC stated that the People's Republic of China may have "interfered for political reasons" to prevent Chiang from participating in the Games. The Taipei Times article was subsequently reproduced on the Taiwanese government's website.
Chiang is an Aboriginal Taiwanese, of the Bunun people, and originates from Kaohsiung County. He developed a severe visual impairment after getting cement residue and sweat in his eyes while working on a construction site. He was subsequently diagnosed with near-total vision loss.
# 1995 Volvo International

The 1995 Volvo International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut in the United States and was part of the Championship Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and ran from August 14 through August 21, 1995. First-seeded Andre Agassi won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Andre Agassi defeated Richard Krajicek 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–3
* It was Agassi's 7th title of the year and the 32nd of his career.

### Doubles

Rick Leach / Scott Melville defeated Leander Paes / Nicolás Pereira 7–6, 6–4
* It was Leach's only title of the year and the 29th of his career. It was Melville's only title of the year and the 7th of his career.
# 1995 Volvo PGA Championship

The 1995 Volvo PGA Championship was the 41st edition of the Volvo PGA Championship, an annual professional golf tournament on the European Tour. It was held 26–29 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.
Bernhard Langer won his third Volvo PGA Championship with a two stroke victory over Nick Faldo and Paul Lawrie.

## Round summaries
### First round

Thursday, 26 May 1995
| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| 1 | Peter Senior | 66 | −6 |
| T2 | Nick Faldo | 67 | −5 |
| T2 | Bernhard Langer | 67 | −5 |
| T4 | Frank Nobilo | 68 | −4 |
| T4 | Jesper Parnevik | 68 | −4 |
| T4 | Andrew Sherborne | 68 | −4 |
| T7 | Michael Campbell | 69 | −3 |
| T7 | José María Cañizares | 69 | −3 |
| T7 | Peter Mitchell | 69 | −3 |
| T7 | José María Olazábal | 69 | −3 |
| T7 | Wayne Riley | 69 | −3 |
| T7 | Sven Strüver | 69 | −3 |

### Second round

Friday, 27 May 1995
| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| 1 | Frank Nobilo | 68-68=136 | −8 |
| T2 | Gary Orr | 70-67=137 | −7 |
| T2 | Andrew Sherborne | 68-69=137 | −7 |
| T4 | Sven Strüver | 69-69=138 | −6 |
| T4 | Philip Walton | 70-68=138 | −6 |
| T6 | José María Cañizares | 69-70=139 | −5 |
| T6 | Nick Faldo | 67-72=139 | −5 |
| T6 | Retief Goosen | 72-67=139 | −5 |
| T6 | Peter Senior | 66-73=139 | −5 |
| T10 | Per-Ulrik Johansson | 71-69=150 | −4 |
| T10 | Bernhard Langer | 67-73=140 | −4 |
| T10 | Thomas Levet | 72-68=140 | −4 |
| T10 | José Rivero | 74-66=140 | −4 |

### Third round

Saturday, 28 May 1995
| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| T1 | Bernhard Langer | 67-73-68=208 | −8 |
| T1 | Mark Mouland | 72-71-65=208 | −8 |
| T3 | Per-Ulrik Johansson | 71-69-69=209 | −7 |
| T3 | Andrew Sherborne | 68-69-72=209 | −7 |
| T5 | José María Cañizares | 69-70-71=210 | −6 |
| T5 | Nick Faldo | 67-72-71=210 | −6 |
| T7 | Thomas Levet | 72-68-71=211 | −5 |
| T7 | Colin Montgomerie | 70-72-69=211 | −5 |
| T7 | Jesper Parnevik | 68-73-70=211 | −5 |
| T10 | Michel Besanceney | 70-71-71=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Silvio Grappasonni | 72-69-71=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Mark James | 73-72-67=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Gary Orr | 70-67-75=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Peter Senior | 66-73-73=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Sven Strüver | 69-69-74=212 | −4 |
| T10 | Philip Walton | 70-68-74=212 | −4 |

### Final round

Sunday, 29 May 1995
| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money (€) |
| 1 | Bernhard Langer | 67-73-68-71=279 | −9 | 210,000 |
| T2 | Michael Campbell | 69-73-71-67=280 | −8 | 109,431 |
| T2 | Per-Ulrik Johansson | 71-69-69-71=280 | −8 | 109,431 |
| T4 | Thomas Levet | 72-68-71-71=282 | −6 | 45,959 |
| T4 | Peter O'Malley | 74-71-70-67=282 | −6 | 45,959 |
| T4 | Jesper Parnevik | 68-73-70-71=282 | −6 | 45,959 |
| T4 | Peter Senior | 66-73-73-70=282 | −6 | 45,959 |
| T4 | Andrew Sherborne | 68-69-72-73=282 | −6 | 45,959 |
| T9 | Silvio Grappasonni | 72-69-71-71=283 | −5 | 25,485 |
| T9 | Colin Montgomerie | 70-72-69-72=283 | −5 | 25,485 |
| T9 | Mark Mouland | 72-71-65-75=283 | −5 | 25,485 |
# Chesky

Chesky may refer to:

## People

* Brian Chesky (born 1981), American businessman, co-founder of Airbnb
* David Chesky (born 1956), American musician and record label owner
* Norman Chesky, American music producer and record label owner
* Evelyn Chesky (born 1933), American politician
* Larry Chesky (1933–2011), Polka band leader and manager of the record label Rex Records

## Other

* Chesky Records, an American record label company
# Creation by Evolution

Creation by Evolution is a 1928 book edited by Frances Mason. Aimed at a general audience, the book is a collection of 24 essays supporting the theory of evolution. Among its contributors were Edward Wilber Berry, Edwin Grant Conklin, Samuel Jackson Holmes, Herbert Spencer Jennings, Richard Swann Lull, George Howard Parker, and William Berryman Scott.
# List of storms named Erick

The name Erick, or Eric, has been used for nine tropical cyclones worldwide: seven in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean, one in the South-West Indian Ocean, and one in the South Pacific Ocean.
In the Eastern Pacific:
* Tropical Storm Erick (1983), a strong tropical storm well offshore of Mexico
* Tropical Storm Erick (1989), never impacted land
* Tropical Storm Erick (1995), a strong storm well offshore of Mexico
* Tropical Storm Erick (2001), a weak system that churned in the open ocean
* Tropical Storm Erick (2007), a short-lived storm, never threatened land
* Hurricane Erick (2013), a Category 1 hurricane that brushed the coast of southwestern Mexico
* Hurricane Erick (2019), a Category 4 hurricane that moved well to the south of Hawaii
In the South-West Indian:
In the South Pacific:
# KZT

KZT may refer to:
* Kazakhstani tenge (ISO 4217: KZT), the currency of Kazakhstan
* Kuzhithura railway station (Station code: KZT), a railway station in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
# Brayton Biekman

Brayton Biekman (born 16 December 1978) is a Dutch footballer who plays for Tweede Klasse club SV Houten.

## Club career

Biekman began playing amateur football with LMO, SHO, SC Feyenoord and the FC Utrecht youth. He made his professional debut for FC Den Bosch on 17 August 2003 with a 1–3 away win at HFC Haarlem. In 2004, FC Den Bosch was promoted to the Eredivisie, where he would appear in 14 matches. Halfway during the 2004–05 season, Biekman was loaned out to Excelsior Rotterdam. After 16 matches and 3 goals he returned to FC Den Bosch, who were relegated and began the 2005–06 season in the Eerste Divisie. Halfway during the 2005–06 season he was sold to Excelsior, who became Eerste Divisie champions that season. After 15 matches without a goal he went to Rijnsburgse Boys in the Zaterdag Hoofdklasse A.

### Amateur football

After leaving Rijnsburgse Boys, he had spells at DOVO, Elinkwijk and Argon. He spent several seasons playing in the Hoofdklasse, with him moving to DFS from fellow Hoofdklasse side Bennekom in summer 2015. In January 2016, Biekman was announced as a new signing by Tweede Divisie outfit FC Lienden for the 2016/17 season. He began playing for Vierde Klasse club HVC in 2021. After one season, he moved to SV Houten, where he contributed to the team's promotion to the Tweede Klasse.

## Honours

Den Bosch
* Eerste Divisie: 2003–04
# Eeshwar Nivas

Eshwar Niwas also known as E.Niwas (born April 11, 1974) in the city of Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh and is now living in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, is an Indian film director, known for his works predominantly in Bollywood and Tollywood. In 1999, he won the National Film Award for directing Shool. He is now producing more in web series than movies. E.Niwas is married to Priyanka Niwas, who works as a Yoga Instructor and has two children, one daughter and son.

## Early life and career

He was born in Hyderabad. He ventured into Telugu film industry as an assistant director under the mentorship of Ram Gopal Varma. He subsequently entered Hindi cinema.

### As director

* Tanaav (2024) (season 2)
* Your Honor (2020) (web series)
* Total Siyapaa (2014)
* De Taali (2008)
* My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (2008)
* Bardaasht (2004)
* Dum (2003)
* Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega (2001)
* Shool (1999)

### As screenwriter

* Dum (2003)
* Shool (1999)

### As producer

* My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (2008)

## Awards

* National Film Awards
* National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi (director) – Shool – 1999
# Centrum semiovale

In neuroanatomy, the centrum semiovale, semioval center or centrum ovale is the central area of white matter found underneath the cerebral cortex. The white matter, located in each hemisphere between the cerebral cortex and nuclei, as a whole has a semioval shape. It consists of cortical projection fibers, association fibers and cortical fibers. It continues ventrally as the corona radiata.
# Charlebois v Saint John (City of)

Charlebois v Saint John (City of) [2005] 3 S.C.R. 563 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on minority language rights in New Brunswick. The Court found no statutory obligation on municipalities for bilingualism in court proceedings.

## Background

Mario Charlebois challenged the city of Saint John for not using the French language in court proceedings. He maintained that the failure to provide bilingual services was a violation of Section 22 of the provincial Official Languages Act, which states that bilingual services should be provided by all institutions of the provincial government—which raised the question of whether a municipality is, legally speaking, a provincial institution.
Both the trial judge and the New Brunswick Court of Appeal decided municipalities are not institutions. The Court of Appeal and Supreme Court found the definition of an "institution" is an institution which under legislation has a function related to government. This definition excludes municipalities, which are corporations, incorporated under provincial law.
Charlebois also challenged English-only municipal laws and won his case before the Court of Appeal with arguments regarding section 18, section 16, and section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court of Appeal decision is also known as Charlebois v Mowat et ville de Moncton. The government of New Brunswick said it would not appeal this decision and instead provided the affected municipalities with the funds needed to provide French-language versions of their municipal statutes.

## Decision

Justice Louise Charron emphasized in her opinion that the majority would not consider constitutional issues but rather just the statutes and whether the municipality should have used French in the courts, and she found against Charlebois. Charron noted that in terms of constitutional law and section 16 of the Charter, municipalities were deemed institutions by the Court of Appeal. However, she decided that the Court of Appeal's decision related more to section 18 of the Charter and the commentary on section 16 and institutions was thus obiter dictum. She thus turned back to the definition of an institution according to statutes. Looking at the Official Languages Act, Charron found that a municipality is considered to be an entity separate from institutions and each has different language responsibilities. The responsibilities for municipalities are more limited than those held by other institutions, and while the defendant in quasi-criminal law will have the choice as to what language is used, this is not necessarily true of civil proceedings. While the Charter of Rights could encourage a liberal reading of the law if the law is uncertain, Charron found that in this case the law was clear.
# Aperschnalzen

Aperschnalzen (Austro-Bavarian Apaschnoizn) is an old tradition of competitive whipcracking revived in the first half of the 20th century in Bavaria and Salzburg. The word "aper" means "area free of snow" in the Bavarian language.
The Aperschnalzen involves the rhythmic snapping and cracking of a whip up to 4 m in length (called "Goassl" in Austro-Bavarian) and takes place at the end of January and early February. It is performed in small groups ("Passen" in Bavarian) of 7, 9 or 11 members each. It has been thought that this tradition had a pagan meaning of "driving the winter away" by whipcracking.
* The whip
* Different whip models
* The cracker
# Laughton Place

Laughton Place is a historic building near Lewes, Sussex owned by the Landmark Trust. The Pelham family bought Laughton Place, an old fortified manor, in 1466; it was rebuilt in 1534 by William Pelham. Laughton Tower was restored under the supervision of architect John Warren in the 1980s.
The tower at Laughton Place was built in 1534 by Sir William Pelham and is all that remains of the house that existed from the 13th century until the 1950s. The purpose of the tower is uncertain, but it is likely that it served as an outlook over the marshy surroundings for both practical purposes and pleasure. Laughton Place was one of the first brick-built buildings in the county. Manufacturing bricks was once a major industry here with the village once having four brickworks. Brick manufacturing ended here just before World War II.
# Centrum Łopuszańska 22

Centrum Łopuszańska 22 is a shopping centre in Warsaw, Poland, located at 22 Łopuszańska Street, within the district of Włochy. It was opened in 2015.

## History

The construction of the shopping centre begun in October 2014. It was developed by Devin Investments, designed by the APA Wojciechowski Architekci architectural firm, and constructed by Fundamental Group. The building was opened on 17 października 2015 under the name Modo Domy Mody (from Polish: Modo Fashion Stores). On 8 June 2017, it was rebranded to Centrum Łopuszańska 22.

## Characteristics

The shopping centre is located at 22 Łopuszańska Street. It is 1-storey-tall and has the total usable area of 28,000 m$^2$, of which 16,000 m$^2$ is dedicated to the stores. In 2020 operated there 130 stores and 11 restaurants and bars.
# Committee to Register Voters Outside Quebec

The Committee to Register Voters Outside Quebec was created to help citizens who had left Quebec in the two years before the 1995 referendum to register on the electoral list.
Quebec lawyer Casper Bloom, chairman of the committee, and Liberal MNA Lawrence Bergman worked together to "make all eligible voters outside Quebec aware of their rights, to have them register and finally vote" said the pamphlet.
Since 1989, a clause of the Quebec electoral law allows for ex-residents of Quebec to signal, in writing, their intention of returning to Quebec and vote by mail. The committee, which operated during the referendum campaign, handed-out pamphlets including the form to be added to the list of voters by the Directeur général des élections du Québec.
The pamphlet gave out a toll-free number as contact information which was the same number as the one used by the Canadian Unity Council.
# Central, Hereford

Central is the name given to the ward covering the city centre of Hereford and suburb of Bartonsham in the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is one of the 16 wards on Hereford City Council and is currently represented by Cllr Jeremy Milln. The ward includes the main city centre and Bartonsham.

## Geography

Central is the immediate centre of Hereford City Centre and the suburb of Bartonsham. The River Wye forms the boundary around Central ward.

## Landmarks

Central contains notable landmarks such as: Hereford Cathedral. St Peter's Church, Hereford Town Hall, Old House, Hereford Cathedral School, Black and White House Museum and Hereford Castle.

## Demographics

At the 2021 census, the population of Central's ward profile was 3,414. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the ward was:
Central: Ethnicity: 2021 Census :
| Ethnic group | Population | % |
| White | 3,049 | 89.3% |
| Asian or Asian British | 204 | 6% |
| Mixed | 57 | 1.7% |
| Other Ethnic Group | 46 | 1.3% |
| Black or Black British | 33 | 1% |
| Arab | 27 | 0.8% |
| Total | 3,414 | 100% |
The religious composition of Central's ward at the 2021 Census was recorded as:
Central: Religion: 2021 Census :
| Religious | Population | % |
| Christian | 1,578 | 50.4% |
| Irreligious | 1,393 | 44.5% |
| Muslim | 65 | 2.1% |
| Hindu | 28 | 0.9% |
| Other religion | 27 | 0.9% |
| Buddhist | 24 | 0.8% |
| Sikh | 13 | 0.4% |
| Total | 3,414 | 100% |
# List of dystopian comics

This is a list of dystopian comics.
* Akira by Katsuhiro Otomo
* Bitch Planet by Kelly Sue DeConnick and Valentine De Landro
* "Days of Future Past" (The Uncanny X-Men #141-142) by Chris Claremont, John Byrne and Terry Austin
* V for Vendetta by Alan Moore follows the exploits of the anarchist V and his struggle in a Britain ruled by a fascist party.
# Cephalodiscus solidus

Cephalodiscus solidus is a sessile hemichordate belonging to the order Cephalodiscida.
# Cephalodynerus

Cephalodynerus is a nearctic genus of potter wasps with six species.
# Central New York Region

The Central New York Region (formerly the Central-Leatherstocking Region, also known as Leatherstocking Country) is a term used by the New York State Department of Economic Development to broadly describe the central region of New York for tourism purposes. The region roughly corresponds to the Mohawk and upper Susquehanna valleys. It is one of two partially overlapping regions that collectively identify as Central New York, the other being roughly equating to the Syracuse metropolitan area.

## Geography

The region includes the following counties and cities:
    Broome County – Binghamton Chenango County – Norwich Herkimer County – Little Falls Madison County – Oneida Montgomery County – Amsterdam Oneida County – Utica, Rome, Sherrill (smallest city in New York) Otsego County – Oneonta, Cooperstown Schoharie County – Cobleskill
The region has a population of 764,240, according to the 2000 Census.

## Travel and tourism

The Central region of New York (formerly the Central-Leatherstocking Region) is a tourism region in New York State defined by the New York State Division of Tourism (I Love NY). It includes elements of the surrounding regions, forming a microcosm of the state as a whole, with hills and rivers, cities and farms, and places of hard work and recreation.
The eight-county area is known for its fresh produce and homemade goods from numerous family-run farms and farm stands, an abundance of B&Bs, country houses and inns offering overnight accommodations and culinary experiences, live musical and theatrical performances at various venues, year-round festivals, museums and exhibits exploring cultural heritage and ancestry, and trailblazing opportunities throughout its many forests and lakeside areas.
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum and the International Boxing Hall of Fame are both located within this region.

## Popular culture

* Leatherstocking Country refers to the fictional character Natty Bumppo, featured by author James Fenimore Cooper in his collection of stories, Leatherstocking Tales, set in this region. Leatherstocking is a term for the leather leggings often worn by Indians to protect their legs from brush and briars in the woods.
# List of earls in the reign of William the Conqueror

The following individuals were Earls during the reign of William the Conqueror who reigned from 1066 to 1087.
The period of tenure as Earl is given after the name of each individual, including any period of minority.
Earl of Chester (First creation)
Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester (1067–1071)
Earl of Chester (Second creation)
Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester (1071–1101)
Earl of Cornwall (First creation)
Brian of Brittany (1068–1072)
Earl of Cornwall (Second creation)
Robert, Count of Mortain (1069–1088)
Earl of East Anglia
Ralph the Staller (1067–1068)
Ralph de Gael (1068–1075)
Earl of Hereford
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (1067–1071)
Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford (1071–1074)
Earl of Huntingdon Earl of Northampton
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (1065–1076)
Earl of Kent
Odo of Bayeux (1067–1082)
Earl of Mercia
Edwin, Earl of Mercia (1062–1071)
Earl of Northumbria
Morcar, Earl of Northumbria (1065–1071)
Copsi (1067)
Osulf II of Bamburgh (1067)
Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria (1067–1068)
Robert de Comines (1068–1069)
Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria (1070–1072)
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (1072–1076)
Walcher (1076–1080)
Aubrey de Coucy (1080–1086)
Robert de Mowbray (1086–1095)
Earl of Richmond
Alan Rufus (1066–1093)
Earl of Shrewsbury
Roger de Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1068–1094)
# Ceraticelus similis

Ceraticelus similis is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States.
# Ceraticelus crassiceps

Ceraticelus crassiceps is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States.
# Comitas silicicola

Comitas silicicola is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in late Eocene strata in the Pallinup Formation, Eucla Basin, Western Australia