OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assaí

Assaí is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the South Region of Brazil.

## History

Assaí was discovered in 1932 by the people with the Japanese origin, and it became municipality on 28 January 1944.
# Cagua tree frog

The Cagua tree frog (Boana alemani) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Chet Orloff

Chester Lloyd "Chet" Orloff (born February 22, 1949) is a historian, writer and professor in Portland, Oregon, called "one of [Oregon's] favorite history teachers" by The Oregonian.

## Early life

Orloff was born in Bellingham, Washington to business financier Monford Orloff and Janice Diamond Orloff, and raised in Washington and Portland, Oregon. His brother is physicist Jon Orloff. Orloff attended Lincoln High School, went to Boston University to prepare for law school, then transferred to the University of Oregon where he ran under legendary track coach Bill Bowerman. Orloff studied anthropology at University of Oregon, graduating in 1972 with a degree in archaeology. Orloff later received a master's degree in history and historical agency administration from Portland State University.

## Career

Orloff enlisted in the Peace Corps and lived and taught in Afghanistan with his wife until 1975. They returned to Portland where he interned at the Oregon Historical Society (OHS), then became assistant director from 1982 to 1986. In 1987 he left OHS and founded the Ninth Judicial Circuit Historical Society in Pasadena, California. In 1991, he returned to OHS as executive director, succeeding Bill Tramposch. He held this position for ten years, retiring at the end of 2000. Orloff was the founder and editor of the journal Western Legal History and was the Senior Editor of the Oregon Historical Quarterly.
In 2001, Orloff assembled a Columbia River maritime museum in a concourse at the Portland International Airport. It was "98 percent complete" as of the September 11 attacks, which limited visitors to ticketed passengers.
Orloff is an adjunct professor of Urban Studies and Planning at Portland State University and an instructor at the University of Oregon School of Architecture. He is also principal of Oregon History Works, a consulting firm for historical applications in design and development, president of Museum of the City and has served on the Portland Planning Commission, Portland Landmarks Commission, Regional Arts and Culture Counsel, Portland Parks Board, Center City 2035 Plan Committee, (co-chair), and other various assignments.

### Selected publications
#### Author/editor

* Western Legal History Volume 2, Number 2, Chet Orloff, editor, 1989, Ninth Judicial Circuit Historical Society
* Portland's Public Art: A Guide and History, Norma Catherine Gleason and Chet Orloff, 1986, ISBN 0-87595-059-0
* Willamette Heights: a history, 1980
* Gifts that preserve Oregon's past for the future, 1980

#### Chapter and article contributions

* Museums of Cities and the Future of Cities, in Robert R. Macdonald's City Museums and City Development, 2008, ISBN 0-7591-1180-4
* If Zealously Promoted by All: The Push and Pull of Portland Parks History, in The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes In Growing Communities, 2008, Connie Ozawa, editor, ISBN 1-55963-695-5
* Maintaining Eden: John Charles Olmsted and the Portland Park System, in Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 66, 2004

## Personal life

Orloff lives in the Willamette Heights area of Portland. He is vocal about Portland history and politics.
# Carl Roters

Carl George Roters (1898–1989) was an American artist.

## Life

He was born in Brooklyn. He apprenticed with illustrator Edward A. Wilson. He lectured in Fine Arts at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
In 1938, he created a mural for Consolidated Edison at the New York World's Fair. He was commissioned to do murals for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, the Hotel Syracuse, and the Marine Midland Trust Company, and Monmouth College. In 1946, he joined the faculty of Syracuse University.
In 1954–1955, he won a competition to paint historic murals for the Jackson Lake Lodge In 1959, he installed the “Rendezvous Murals”, in the Jackson Lake Lodge.
Roters spent summers in Jackson Hole until he retired from Syracuse University when he retired there.

## Family

He was a partner of Nina Clemens Grabowitch, the last living descendant of Mark Twain. In 1941, he married Ramona Morgan.
# Claude Dilain

Claude Dilain (12 August 1948 – 3 March 2015) was a French politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 2011 until his death in 2015. He also served as Mayor of Clichy-sous-Bois.
# Abdullah Balak

Abdullah Balak (born February 3, 1938 - died February 25, 2017) taught at a number of schools and was a professor at Harran University, Department of Music. He was closely acquainted with prominent musicians of his period. Balak is notable for his knowledge of the music traditions and makams of Urfa. He has also worked on the compilation, categorization and instruction of folk dances, and received numerous awards from various organizations for his wide range of achievements.

## Compositions

* Felek sen ne feleksen
* Dağıdır yar dağıdır.
* Çağırdım bağ içinde
* Öz yurdum Urfa’da garibem
* Bülbül
* Urfalıdır benim yar
* Türkmendim rışvan oldum
* Kardaş dala konaram
* Seherden uyanasan
* Yarımın adı yaşar
* Urfanın altı bağlar
* Başında yazma var
* Fadile
* Bülbül
* Ceylan
* Bala ceylan
* Eyübün sabrı gelini
* Uykumdan seher uyandım
* Ah yar elinden
* Bülbülün bitmez çilesi
* Pencere bizde taka
* Urfa nın yolu bağdır
* Eminem
* Haticem
* Cemilem
* Baba ben dervişmiyem
* Ben sıkmalı al isterim
* Endim kuyun dibine

## Compilations

* Kara çadırın kızı
* Portakal dilim dilim
* Kımıl
* Endim kuyun dibine
# Meziadin Junction

Meziadin Junction (/mɪˈziːədɪn/) is a work camp in northwest British Columbia, Canada, near the border with Alaska, United States. It is about 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of the Nass River crossing and 156 kilometres (97 mi) north of Kitwanga on Highway 37. The highway splits in its journey north from Terrace to Dease Lake, with one branch (Highway 37A) heading west over Bear Pass to Stewart and terminating at Hyder, Alaska.
# Demotic

Demotic may refer to:
* Demotic Greek, the modern vernacular form of the Greek language
* Demotic (Egyptian), an ancient Egyptian script and version of the language
* Chữ Nôm, the demotic script for writing Vietnamese
# List of number-one country albums of 1981 (Canada)

These are the Canadian number-one country albums of 1981, per the RPM Country Albums chart.
| Issue date | Album | Artist |
| February 21 | The Rovers | The Rovers |
| February 28 | The Rovers | The Rovers |
| March 7 | The Rovers | The Rovers |
| March 14 | Anne Murray's Greatest Hits | Anne Murray |
# Eyzerac

Eyzerac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# CRB3

Crumbs protein homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRB3 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the Crumbs family of proteins. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell polarity and is associated with tight junctions at the apical surface of epithelial cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
# Chestnut white-bellied rat

The chestnut white-bellied rat (Niviventer fulvescens) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is a small rodent with a distinct bright chestnut upper-coat and a white under-coat. The colour of the upper-coat is variable from very bright to a duller brown. The side of the body has a distinct margin where the upper and the under-coat meet. The upper-side of the tail is mostly brownish whereas the underside is whitish to flesh coloured. The species is mostly found in disturbed and undisturbed forest habitat. The species is known to scatter-hoard seeds in forests of eastern Himalayas.
It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
# Korea Customs Service

The Korea Customs Service (KCS; Korean: 관세청; Hanja: 關稅廳; RR: Gwansecheong) was established in 1970 and is one of tax organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The headquarters is in Seo District, Daejeon.
# Carl Roth

Carl Roth may refer to:
* Carl Roth (basketball) (1909–1966), American basketball player and coach
* Carl Roth of Nedre Fösked (1712–1788), Swedish blacksmith, farrier and ironmaster
* Carl Roth II (1753–1832), Swedish ironmaster
* Carl Reinhold Roth (1797–1858), Swedish businessman and ironmaster
# Clement Coughlan

Clement Coughlan (14 August 1942 – 1 February 1983) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and school teacher from County Donegal. He was elected to Dáil Éireann in a 1980 by-election as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Donegal constituency. He only served in public office for two years before his death in a road traffic accident on 1 February 1983.
In a morbid twist his death and the timing of his funeral is considered to be the deciding factor in keeping Charles Haughey as leader of Fianna Fáil, when the support for the campaign to oust him dwindled following the funeral. Coughlan's brother, Cathal Coughlan, was elected in the subsequent by-election. His niece, Mary Coughlan was also a TD and Minister.
He also played at senior level for the Donegal county football team.
# Mirwapur

Mirwapur is a village in Domariaganj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
# Diffusion curve

Diffusion curves are vector graphic primitives for creating smooth-shaded images. Each diffusion curve partitions the 2D graphics space through which it is drawn, defining different colors on either side. When rendered, these colors then spread into the regions on either side of the curve in a way analogous to diffusion. The colors may also be defined to vary smoothly along the curve and the sharpness of the color transition from one side of the curve to the other may also be specified.
Original PhD thesis introducing concept of Diffusion curves.
Diffusion curves have been discussed in relation to being a possible addition to the SVG specification.

## Motivations

In the original paper introducing the concept of diffusion curves, Orzan et al. describe two main motivations for them.

### Freehand drawing

Artists traditionally begin by sketching lines and shapes that represent the major, and some of the lesser, colour boundaries of the envisioned work. The use of diffusion curves supports this practice accurately: as color would be added later, up to and between these sketched lines, so the lines' color values are specified and their 'diffusion-like' behaviors produce an image in a manner similar to the way a traditional artist works with brushes or other media.

### Encoding and editing images

Most color and tone variations within an image, whether manually drawn or photographically generated, originate at or are caused by edges. These edges may be the edges of one object in front of another or they may be texture edges, shadow borders etc. More subtle shading may also be represented as if it were caused by edges. Therefore vision analysis techniques such as edge detection integrate well with the construction of diffusion curves and so they can facilitate the vectorization of real images and their later manual editing.
# Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems

The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems is a German engineering research institute in Magdeburg, focusing on dynamics. The institute was founded in 1996 and belongs to the Max Planck Society. The founding director was Ernst Dieter Gilles. Currently, the institute has four research department along with several research groups and is housed in a building designed by Henn GmbH.
The institute currently consists of the following four departments:
* Bioprocess Engineering (headed by Udo Reichl)
* Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory (headed by Peter Benner)
* Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering (headed by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern)
* Process Systems Engineering (headed by Kai Sundmacher)
# Evil Always Ends

Evil Always Ends is a supernatural detective novella by Joseph Payne Brennan. It was first published in 1982 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 750 copies, all of which were signed by the author and the artist. The book was issued to commemorate Brennan's appearance as Guest of Honor at the 1982 World Fantasy Convention.

## Plot introduction

The novella is a supernatural detective story set during the World Fantasy Convention in New Haven, Connecticut.
# CRB

CRB or CrB may refer to:

## Organisations

* Centre de Recherche Berbère
* Chabab Riadhi Belouizdad, an Algerian football team
* Clinical Research Bureau, the first birth control clinic in the United States
* Clube de Regatas Brasil, a Brazilian football team
* Commission for Relief in Belgium
* Contract Recognition Board, in motor racing
* Copyright Royalty Board, US
* Country Roads Board, Victoria, Australia, 1913-1983
* Criminal Records Bureau, UK, later Disclosure and Barring Service

## Other uses

* Canada Recovery Benefit, an income support program between 2020 and 2021
* Central Railway Building, in Bangladesh
* Chris Robinson Brotherhood, US band
* Claremont Review of Books, a political journal
* Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, an invasive species from Southeast Asia
* Collarenebri Airport, IATA airport code "CRB"
* Corona Borealis constellation, CrB
* Cramér–Rao bound, in statistics
* Refinitiv/CoreCommodity CRB Index, of commodity futures
# Korea Cricket Association

Korea Cricket Association (Korean: 대한크리켓협회) is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in South Korea. The KCA operates Korean national team and Korean women's national team. Its current headquarters is located in Seoul, South Korea. Korea Cricket Association is South Korea's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 2001 initially as an affiliate member. It is also a member of the East Asia-Pacific Cricket Council.
The 2014 Asian Games featured cricket for both the men's and the women's event and for that purpose a cricket facility was built known as Yeonhui Cricket Ground for the cricket matches to be played in the games.
It has been reported that the crowd capacity of this ground will be 2,352. This is the first cricket stadium in South Korea.
In 2016, the South Korean men's team competed in the inaugural East Asia Cup played among the four teams with Japan, China and Hong Kong Dragons being the other three teams. It was hosted by Japan Cricket Association at Sano International Cricket Ground. The tournament was won by South Korea after beating Japan in the final. In 2017, the South Korean women's team participated in the Women's East Asia Cup in Hong Kong.
In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all men's Twenty20 matches played between South Korea and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I and all women's T20 matches with other ICC members after 1 July 2018 have the WT20I status.
# Cleon Scotland

Cleon Scotland (date of birth unknown) is a former Bermudian cricketer. Scotland's batting style is unknown.
Scotland made two List A appearances for Bermuda, against Jamaica in the 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl and Guyana in the 1998–99 Red Stripe Bowl, He batted twice, but was dismissed for ducks in both innings.
Outside of cricket Scotland worked as a travel agent, as well as writing children's books. His father Rupert Scotland played first-class cricket for Bermuda.
# Clement Cor

Clement Cor of Redwalls (1533-1608) was a Scottish merchant based in Edinburgh and St Andrews.

## Edinburgh career

Cor was the eldest son of Andrew Cor, a merchant in Edinburgh. Cor became a burgess of Edinburgh in 1566 and served the burgh council as a Dean of Guild, and Bailie. He acquired a property in Advocates Close in 1579 and his house, built or rebuilt around 1590, is a rare survival of an Edinburgh merchant's house of this date. A painted renaissance ceiling was discovered in the house in 2010 and dated by dendrochronology to Cor's period of ownership.
In September 1596, with the physician Gilbert Moncreiff and kirk minister Robert Bruce he interviewed a woman from Nokwalter in Perth, Christian Stewart, who was accused of causing the death of Patrick Ruthven by witchcraft. She confessed she had obtained a cloth from Isobel Stewart to bewitch Patrick Ruthven, and repeated this confession to the king and Sir George Home at Linlithgow Palace. She was found guilty of witchcraft and burnt on Edinburgh's Castlehill.

## Fife and the Lewis venture

Clement Cor moved to St Andrews before 1603, when he gave the Edinburgh house to his eldest daughter Margaret. This was an unusual move for an established merchant in the 16th-century. He obtained a property called Redwalls in Airdrie, Fife, from his son-in-law, Robert Lumsden. Cor invested with Lumsden in an unsuccessful and much-criticised venture to settle a plantation on the Scottish island of Lewis. Many of the investors were from Fife and are known as the Gentleman Adventurers of Fife.
Cor died of the plague at St Andrews on 2 March 1608. His tombstone survives in the Cathedral precincts.

## Marriage and children

Clement Cor married Helen Bellenden. Their children included:
* Margaret Cor, who married Alexander Livingstone
* Isobel Cor, who married Robert Lumsden of Airdrie (near Crail) in 1588.
* Bessie Cor
* Janet Cor (1571-1608), who married Henry McKieson, a burgess of Edinburgh, she died in the same epidemic as her father and is also commemorated on the monument at St Andrews.
# Emil Beurmann

Emil Beurmann (14 March 1862 – 5 February 1951) was a Swiss painter, writer and poet.

## Life

Beurmann was born and grew up in Basel. From an early age he was writing (both prose and poetry) and painting.
He undertook an apprenticeship as a decorative painter, also taking lessons with Hans Sandreuter. An early influence at this stage was his fellow student Lisa Ruutz, later known as the poet Lisa Wenger.
In 1881 he travelled to Paris, at that time an "artists' mecca". He found himself a cheap room in the Latin Quarter and quickly made contact with high-profile artists including Albert Anker, Lovis Corinth, Cuno Amiet und Giovanni Giacometti. There followed a period combining study with travel that took in Germany, Italy, France, Turkey, Spain and Egypt where he lived for a year or so in Cairo, living with his two models Nebiha and Chadiga. After this he settled back home in Basel where he was able to make a living producing portraits, although he came to dislike this work. He then successfully identified a new source of income: drawing inspiration from his travels, he produced a series of humorous travel books, also contributing articles and features on fellow artists to the National Zeitung (as the newspaper was known at that time). He owes his reputation as the "city poet" to a series of amusing newspaper columns he contributed under the pseudonym "Beuz".
In 1892, Beurmann painted Basler Gedenkfeier, a work in the style of Art Nouveau, that became the poster for the 500-year jubilee celebrating the union of Grossbasel [de] and Kleinbasel [de] in 1392. He became a member of the Basel city Theatre Commission in 1900, and was entrusted with looking after the theatre's costume collection. In his later years he lived with his wife Mariely (who was 25 years younger than he) at a city centre address near the river, along the prestigious "Wettsteinallee". Their home became a focus for the cultural elite of the day, with visitors such as Richard Strauss, Max Reinhardt and the Viennese writer, Arthur Schnitzler. At the age of 75, Emil Beurmann wrote, based on Johann Nestroy's posse Der böse Geist Lumpacivagabundus [de], the Baslerdüütsch libretto for Hans Haug's operetta E liederlig Kleeblatt (lit. 'A lascivious trio'). The operetta premiered at the Basler Stadttheater on 3 September 1938, and was a public success.

## Selected bibliography

* Emil Beurmann (1930). Emanuel meint ...: Gedichte u. Geschichten (in German). Buchdruckerei zum Hirzen.
* Emil Beurmann (1935). Gix und Gax (in German). Hirzen-Verlag, Buchdr. zum Hirzen A.-G.
* Emil Beurmann (1941). So sah es Beuz: Gedichte (in German). Hirzen-Verlag.
# 3070 Aitken

3070 Aitken, provisional designation 1949 GK, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 April 1949, by astronomers of the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in Indiana, United States. The asteroid was named after American astronomer Robert Grant Aitken.

## Orbit and classification

Aitken is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,279 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.
In 1907, the asteroid was first identified as A907 HA at Taunton Observatory (803) in Massachusetts. A precovery, taken at Turku Observatory in 1942, extends the Aitken's observation arc by 7 years prior to its official discovery observation at Goethe Link.

## Physical characteristics

Aitken has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid.
In November 2010, rotational lightcurve of Aitken was obtained from photometric observations made at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.3965 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.38 magnitude (U=2).
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 3.9 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.24.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for of American astronomer Robert Grant Aitken (1864–1951), who was the 4th director of the Lick Observatory from 1930 to 1935, successor of director William Campbell, after whom the minor planet 2751 Campbell was named.
Aitken became a well known expert on double stars and, in 1932, published the New General Catalogue of Double Stars Within 120° of the North Pole, He is also known for his book The Binary Stars that was first published in 1918. He is also honored by the lunar crater Aitken. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 April 1989 (M.P.C. 14481).
# List of people known as the Gentle

"The Gentle" is an epithet and a nickname which may refer to:
* Alfonso IV of Aragon (1299–1336), King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona
* Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1412–1464), also Landgrave of Thuringia
* Queen Susan the Gentle, a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series
* Mensur Suljović (born 1972), Serbian-born Austrian darts player nicknamed "The Gentle"
# Aspergillus corrugatus

Aspergillus corrugatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1976. It has been isolated from soil in Thailand. It has been reported to produce asperthecin, emecorrugatin A, emecorrugatin B, sterigmatocystin, and norsolorinic acid.

## Growth and morphology

A. corrugatus has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.
* Aspergillus corrugatus growing on CYA plate
* Aspergillus corrugatus growing on MEAOX plate
# Caaschwitz

Caaschwitz is a municipality in the district of Greiz, in Thuringia, Germany.