OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Committed relationship

A committed relationship is an interpersonal relationship based upon agreed-upon commitment to one another involving love, trust, honesty, openness, or some other behavior. Forms of committed relationships include close friendship, long-term relationships, engagement, marriage, and civil unions.

## Non-romantic and/or non-sexual committed relationships

* Family: a group of people related by consanguinity or affinity
* Friendship: certain kinds of friendships are committed, such as best friends forever, bromance, blood brother, and womance

## Committed romantic and/or sexual relationships

* Marriage: a legal, religious, and social binding between people.
* Monogamy: having a single long-term romantic and sexual partner
** Ménage à trois: having a domestic arrangement with three people sharing romantic or sexual relations; typically a traditional marriage along with another committed individual, usually a woman
* Polyamory: encompasses a wide range of relationships; polyamorous relationships may include both committed and casual relationships.
* Group marriage: marital arrangement where three or more adults enter into marriage
* Sexual fidelity: not having other sexual partners other than one's committed partner, even temporarily
# Lucien Villa

Lucien Villa (17 November 1922 – 13 May 2018) was a French politician.

## Biography

Villa was born in Carcassonne on 17 November 1922. As a teenager, Villa was active in the Popular Front and the French Resistance. He later joined the National Front. Villa was arrested in September 1942 and jailed for eighteen months. Soon after his release, he enlisted in the First Army. After World War II ended, Villa began working for RATP Group. He sat on the National Assembly as a member of the French Communist Party from the 31st district of Paris from 1967 to 1968, and returned to the office between 1973 and 1981.
Villa was named a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur in November 2015, and died at the age of 95 on 13 May 2018.
# FGW

FGW may refer to:
* Fishguard & Goodwick railway station, in Wales
* First Great Western, now Great Western Railway, a British train operating company
* Flexural gravity wave
# 2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships

The 2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Eastbourne Tennis Centre in Eastbourne, United Kingdom that was part of Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and was held from 17 until 22 June 2002. Unseeded Chanda Rubin won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Chanda Rubin defeated Anastasia Myskina 6–1, 6–3
* It was Rubin's 1st singles title of the year and the 4th of her career.

### Doubles

Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs defeated Cara Black / Elena Likhovtseva 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 6–2
* It was Raymond's 7th doubles title of the year and the 34th of her career. It was Stubbs' 7th title of the year and the 38th of her career.
# Acacia websteri

Acacia websteri is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is endemic to western Australia.

## Description

The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of 1.2 to 5 metres (4 to 16 ft) and produces yellow flowers. The branchlets flattened near the tips and are sparsely haired to glabrous and occasionally white-resinous. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thinly coriaceous evergreen phyllodes are erect with a linear shape and length of 5 to 12 cm (2.0 to 4.7 in) and a width of 2 to 3.5 mm (0.079 to 0.138 in). They taper to a point with a gently curved apex and have three nerves per face. When the plant blooms it produces simple inflorescences with obloid to sub-spherical flowerheads that have a length of 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) and a diameter of 4 mm (0.16 in) containing 30 to 36 golden coloured flowers. The narrowly linear seed pods that form after flowering have longitudinal ridges and are straight and biconvex with a length of up to 8 cm (3.1 in) and a width of 2 to 3 mm (0.079 to 0.118 in) containing longitudinally arranged seeds. The light brown seeds have an oblong shape with a length of around 3.5 mm (0.14 in) and a terminal aril.

## Distribution

It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields regions of Western Australia. It has a disjunct distribution from around Bencubbin and around the towns of Coolgardie and Kambalda where it is often situated in drainage depressions growing in red loam, sand and clay soils as a part of shrubland and scrub communities.
# G1012 Jiansanjiang–Heixiazi Island Expressway

The Jiansanjiang–Heixiazi Island Expressway (Chinese: 建三江－黑瞎子岛高速公路), commonly referred to as the Jianhei Expressway (Chinese: 建黑高速公路) and designated G1012, is an expressway linking the town of Jiansanjiang with Hexiazi Island, entirely in the prefectural-level city of Jiamusi in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. It is 217 kilometres (135 mi) in length and opened on 13 August 2017. Prior to the national-level G designation, the highway was designated S14 by the province.
In its western end, the expressway connects with the G1115 Jixi–Jiansanjiang Expressway, which continues some 22 kilometres (14 mi) north to an interchange with the national-level G1011 Harbin–Tongjiang Expressway. This section could be considered as part of G1012, but is not signed as such.
In its eastern end, the expressway ends just before a bridge to Hexiazi Island, at a junction with County Road 109 in Fuyuan. The bridge will eventually connect a new trans-national road crossing over the Amur River to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and nearby city of Khabarovsk, in Russia.
# Marc Hom

Marc Hom is a Danish fashion photographer whose work consists of celebrity, portrait, fashion, and advertising photography.

## Biography

Marc Hom was born in 1967 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He studied photography at the Københavns Tekniske Skole in Denmark and moved to New York City in 1989.
After completing over a year of freelance work with established New York-based photographers, he was commissioned to do a photo book for the Vienna Ballet. Hom spent the next six months in Vienna photographing the ballet's principal dancers and directors and compiled a book of 80 images. Upon completion of the assignment, he returned to New York and began working with the late Liz Tilberis and Fabien Baron of Harper's Bazaar. This marked his introduction into the world of fashion photography and his establishment as a renowned photographer in the fashion world.

## Photography

Marc Hom has shot advertising campaigns for fashion brands such as Gucci, Max Mara, and Genny. His work has appeared in various publications such as W Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, Vanity Fair, British Vogue, Men's Vogue, Talk, The Face, The New Yorker, French Arena, Esquire, and The New York Times Magazine. His celebrity portfolio includes Iggy Pop, Cher, Faye Dunaway, Aretha Franklin, Christopher Walken, Alexander McQueen, Nino Cerruti, Vivienne Westwood, Polly Mellen, Johnny Depp, Julian Schnabel, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Anne Rice.

## Photo Books

Portraits by Marc Hom, teNeues 2006
# David Courtley

David Courtley was the chief executive officer of Fujitsu Services (formerly ICL)
He joined Fujitsu Services as Chief Operating Officer in July 2001 and moved to the CEO position in April 2004, replacing Richard Christou who moved to the role of chairman.
David Courtley resigned from Fujitsu on 10 December 2008. Richard Christou took over duties of CEO on an interim basis, ultimately being replaced by Roger Gilbert.
Under David Courtley's leadership, Fujitsu Services experienced rapid growth and revenue for the financial year 2005-06 was £2.3 billion, with profits of £153 million, some 50% higher than the previous year. During this period Fujitsu Services has also entrenched its position as the IT services provider of choice for the UK Government, winning several large outsourcing contracts, including those for the Inland Revenue, MOD and large parts of the NHS.
In his final year of tenure David Courtley was based at Fujitsu Services' headquarters in Baker Street, London, and resided in London. David listed supporting Derby County, listening to music and riding his bike to work as his hobbies.

## Charitable Associations

David Courtley currently sits on the board of trustees for Charity SkillForce.
# James Quinton

James Quinton may refer to:
* James Quinton (cricketer) (1874–1922), English cricketer
* James Quinton (politician) (1821–1874), farmer, building contractor and political figure in New Brunswick
* James Wallace Quinton (1834–1891), British colonial administrator
# Baree, Son of Kazan

Baree, Son of Kazan (1917) is an American novel by James Oliver Curwood. About a wild wolfdog pup who bonds with a girl living with her trapper father on the frontier, it is the sequel to Kazan.

## Plot

Baree, Son of Kazan is a novel about a wild wolfdog pup sired by Kazan (1/4 wolf, 3/4 dog) and born of blind Greywolf (pure wolf). It explores Baree's survival after he is separated as a young pup from his parents. He eventually is cared for by Nepeese and her father Pierrot, a trapper.
He bonds with Nepeese, and the novel develops from there. James Oliver Curwood took the well-used "a boy and his dog" formula, and created a great adventure story about a girl and her dog. He used this theme of a strong heroine, rather than a male hero, in many of his stories.

## Films

The novel was adapted as a film, Baree, Son of Kazan (1918), starring Nell Shipman as Nepeese. In 1925 David Smith directed a revised film version by the same title, starring Anita Stewart.
# Charles Little (cricketer)

Charles William Little (22 May 1870 – 20 May 1922) was an English amateur cricketer. He played in 11 first-class cricket matches between 1890 and 1893 for Oxford University and Kent County Cricket Club.
Little was born at Tonbridge in Kent in 1870, the third son of the Reverend Joseph Little, who taught at Tonbridge School, and his wife Mary. He was educated at Winchester College where he played cricket in the school team in 1888 and 1889. From Winchester he went up to New College, Oxford.
Little made his first-class cricket debut for Oxford University in May 1890 and went on to play in six matches for the university team, although he did not win a blue. After graduating he played in five matches for Kent during the 1893 season, and a single (non-first-class) match for Shropshire in 1900. His Wisden obituary described him as "a good bat cutting particularly well, and an excellent wicket keeper" when he was at school.
Professionally Little was a teacher, initially as a private tutor before teaching at Rugby School and, from 1904 until his death, at Winchester College. He served as a lieutenant in the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment. Little died at Winchester in 1922 aged 51.
# Acacia webbii

Acacia webbii is a shrub or tree of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is endemic to an area of north eastern Australia.

## Description

The shrub or tree can grow to a height of 6 m (20 ft) and has a single stem and glabrous, resinous, dark brown coloured branchlets. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The straight and dimidiate, evergreen and glabrous phyllodes are slightly sickle shaped with a length of 7 to 12 cm (2.8 to 4.7 in) and a width of 15 to 35 mm (0.59 to 1.38 in) with three to four main longitudinal nerves.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Leslie Pedley in 2006 as a part of the work Notes on Acacia Mill. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), chiefly from Queensland as published in the journal Austrobaileya.

## Distribution

It is native to an area of Far North Queensland where it is commonly situated in granitic sandy beds of seasonally dry creeks or other watercourses which tend to regularly be inundated by floodwaters.
# Marcello Pagliero

Marcello Pagliero (15 January 1907 – 18 October 1980) was an Italian film director, actor, and screenwriter.
Pagliero was born in London and died in Paris. He is perhaps best known for his performance in the Roberto Rossellini film Rome, Open City (1945).
He moved to France in 1947, and continued to work in film until 1960 and in French television after that.
In 1949, he was nominated with six other co-writers for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the Rossellini film Paisan.

## Selected filmography
### Director

* Mist on the Sea (1944)
* Desire (1946)
* Rome, Free City (1946)
* A Man Walks in the City (1950)
* The Red Rose (1951)
* The Lovers of Bras-Mort (1951)
* The Respectful Prostitute (1952)
* Vestire gli ignudi (1953)
* Daughters of Destiny (1954)
* Modern Virgin (1954)
* Chéri-Bibi (1955)
* Walk Into Paradise (1956)
* 20,000 Leagues Across the Land (1961)

### Screenwriter

* The Two Tigers (1941)
* Souls in Turmoil (1942)
* The Devil's Gondola (1946)
* Paisan (1946)

### Actor

* Rome, Open City (1945) - Giorgio Manfredi
* Les jeux sont faits (1945) - Pierre Dumaine
* The Other (1947) - Ing. Andrea Venturi
* Dédée d'Anvers (1948) - Francesco
* The Voice of Dreams (1949) - Marcel
* Tourbillon (1953) - Julio Spoletti
* Seven Thunders (1957) - Salvatore
* Le bel âge (1960) - Steph
* Les Mauvais Coups (1961) - Luigi
* Symphonie pour un massacre (1963) - Cerutti (uncredited)
* Ton ombre est la mienne (1963) - Dr. Rouvier
* Nick Carter and Red Club (1965) - Prof. Witt (uncredited)
* Les Gauloises bleues (1968) - Le marchand bohémien
# David Coutts

David Conrad Coutts ECA is a Canadian politician who represented the electoral district of Livingstone-Macleod in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. He is a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He was first elected in the 1993 election and was re-elected three times before declining to seek re-election in the 2008 vote.
# Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp

Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp, op. 36, are two independent compositions by Graham Waterhouse for string orchestra, which were published together in 1998 by Hofmeister, Leipzig. Celtic Voices was written in 1995, Hale Bopp was written in 1997 inspired by Comet Hale-Bopp, and scored for an additional boy soprano.

## Celtic Voices

Celtic Voices, op. 36/1, for string orchestra, a piece in one movement of about 5 minutes, was written in 1995. The composer comments: "While Celtic art refers to a definite style of decoration, the sources of Celtic music, being less clear, incorporate folk traditions from the Western fringes of the British Isles. This piece explores a predominantly lyrical vein." Ivan March wrote in his review for Gramophone magazine: "Celtic Voices similarly balances virtuosity with lyricism and dips into the Phrygian mode to establish its underlying harmonic flavour."

## Hale Bopp

Hale Bopp, op. 36/2, for string orchestra with an obbligato treble voice (or horn) was composed in 1997, inspired by the Comet Hale–Bopp, which was discovered on 23 July 1995 and dubbed the Great Comet of 1997.
The piece in one movement of about 7 minutes begins with tremolandi, glissandi and wide spaced scoring and ends with a quote of the chorale "How Brightly Shines the Morning Star", sung by a boy soprano accompanied by a string quartet. The original German hymn by Philipp Nicolai begins: "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" and was published in 1599. The composer comments: "Although strictly speaking the comet is not a star, each has its own place in the celestial firmament and has exercised a like fascination on man over the ages." The piece was premiered in 1997 with the Swiss Orchestre d'Yverdon, conducted by the composer. In Advent 2011, Hale Bopp was performed in Schloss Borbeck in a concert with Bach's cantata Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61, and the composer's Christmas cantata Der Anfang einer neuen Zeit (The Beginning of a New Time) on a text by the poet Hans Krieger.

## Publication and recording

The two pieces for a similar instrumentation were published together by Hofmeister, Leipzig, in 1998. They both were recorded in 2002 by the English Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Yaron Traub, as part of the CD Graham Waterhouse Portrait 2 for Meridian Records with music for string orchestra and wind ensemble. Between them appears Hymnus for winds, which also quotes a hymn tune, but only one line instrumentally like a refrain.
Hubert Culot commented, "Hale Bopp Op.36/2 ... opens with wide-spaced chords suggesting some other-worldly atmosphere and ends with a treble voice singing How brightly shines the Morning Star, accompanied by a string quartet. Though shorter and, on the whole, less astringent, this lovely piece may compared to Georges Lentz’s Caeli enarrant... III."
# Barefield (surname)

Barefield may refer to:
* Eddie Barefield (1909–1991), American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist and arranger
* John Barefield (born 1955), former American football linebacker
* Keith Barefield, American football coach
* Sedrick Barefield (born 1996), Filipino–American professional basketball player
# FTUC

FTUC may refer to:
* Fiji Trades Union Congress
* Free Trade Union Committee
# Mohammed Ayoob

Mohammed Ayoob (born 1942) is a Distinguished Professor of International Relations at Michigan State University's James Madison College and the Department of Political Science. He is also Coordinator of the Muslim Studies Program at Michigan State University. Within international relations theory he is known for this theory of subaltern realism.

## Subaltern realism

Ayoob first proposed his theory of subaltern realism in the 1980s and further developed it in the 1990s.
The theory is a critical rejoinder to the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz and others, including the domestic analogies that neorealism employs.
It aims to provide an analytical tool for grasping the major determinants of Third World state behavior, the dominant concerns of Third World state elites, and the root causes of conflict in the Third World. The theory emphasizes the divergence of Third World conditions from those of industrialized core states, and has gone on to criticize mainstream International Relations theory for excluding the Third World. It proposes an alternative conceptualization of security and emphasizes the inequality in IR theorizing.

### Principles

The subaltern realism theory advocates that third world states are generally weak, and are often economically and militarily dependent on external benefactors, mostly industrialized states. Therefore, third world states are more concerned with relative gains and short-term benefits than long-term benefits and absolute gains.
Additionally, third world states interactions are limited to their immediate neighborhood, especially in the security sphere, and as such they will choose to interact with other states who possess similar characteristics. They are therefore much less concerned with security matters of an international level.
David Dreyer has also written on the subject.
# 1933 Columbia Lions football team

The 1933 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1933 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents 179 to 45, with four shutouts.
The Lions' lone setback was a 20–0 loss to Fritz Crisler's undefeated national champion Princeton Tigers. The Lions concluded the 1933 season on New Year's Day in California with a 7–0 victory over Stanford in the mud in the Rose Bowl. The school claims a national championship for the season. This Rose Bowl, held 90 years ago, remains the most recent postseason game for any member of today's Ivy League, which began league play in 1956.
Team captain and quarterback Cliff Montgomery was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 7 | Lehigh | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 39–0 | 16,000 |
| October 14 | Virginia | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 15–6 | 10,000 |
| October 21 | at Princeton | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | L 0–20 | 40,000 |
| October 28 | Penn State | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 33–0 | |
| November 4 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | W 9–6 | |
| November 11 | Navy | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 14–7 | |
| November 18 | Lafayette | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 46–6 | |
| November 25 | Syracuse | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 16–0 | 30,000 |
| January 1, 1934 | vs. Stanford | Rose BowlPasadena, CA (Rose Bowl) | W 7–0 | 35,000 |
# James Simpson Fleming

James Simpson Fleming FRSE (1828-1899) was a Scottish lawyer and banker. From 1858 to 1871 he was a partner in the legal firm of McGrigor, Stevenson & Fleming. In the 1870s he was responsible for introducing the Royal Bank of Scotland to London.

## Life

He was born in Forfar in 1828. He was baptised on 7 March 1828. He was educated locally then apprenticed as a lawyer. He then went on to study law at the University of Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews. In March 1847 he began working at the Western Bank of Scotland in Glasgow, leaving in 1852 to set up his own legal practice. He returned to the bank in 1854 combining his two skills as the bank's legal adviser. He rose to become sole manager of the bank. His investigation of financial irregularities at the bank led to it ceasing trading in November 1857 (a major scandal of the day). Fleming assisted in the bank's liquidation. At this time Fleming was living at 9 Park Street East in Glasgow.
After a period practising law he again turned to bank work, and in 1871 became Senior cashier and General Manager of the Royal Bank of Scotland. During the next ten years Fleming made major improvements to the company, bringing it to the forefront of Scottish banking. This included a critical move in 1873 to establish a base in London requiring a change in the original 1727 legal conditions upon the bank, limiting it to practice only in Scotland. In 1875 Fleming's knowledge successfully fended off a challenge by the English banks, objecting to the Scottish invasion. In 1878 Fleming also advised during the massive collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank.
In 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were George Auldjo Jamieson, Andrew Douglas Maclagan, David Stevenson and David Smith.
He retired to Edinburgh in 1892 and died at home 16 Grosvenor Crescent on 8 July 1899. He is buried with his wife Elizabeth in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies in the northwest corner of the Victorian north extension, against the north wall.

## Other Positions of Note

* Chairman of Glasgow Chamber of Commerce (c.1864-1871)
* Director of the Scottish Widows Fund 1871-1898
* Justice of the Peace for both Stirling and Edinburgh

## Publications

* Scottish Banking: A Historic Sketch (1877)

## Family

In 1852 he married Elizabeth Reid (1825-1894). They had five children.
# Lukang Rimao Hang

The Lukang Rimao Hang (Chinese: 鹿港日茂行; pinyin: Lùgǎng Rìmào Háng) is a historic building in Lukang Township, Changhua County, Taiwan.

## History

The Lukang Rimao Hang was built in 1784 by Lin Zhensong who came from Fujian and settled in Lukang in 1765 as a merchant. In 1788, Lin returned to Fujian and decided to retire there, handing the management of Rimao Hang to his third son Lin Wenjun. In 1816, the building was renovated.