OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Directing group

In organic chemistry, a directing group (DG) is a substituent on a molecule or ion that facilitates reactions by interacting with a reagent. The term is usually applied to C–H activation of hydrocarbons, where it is defined as a "coordinating moiety (an 'internal ligand'), which directs a metal catalyst into the proximity of a certain C–H bond." In a well known example, the ketone group (C=O) in acetophenone is the DG in the Murai reaction.
The Murai reaction is related to directed ortho metalation, a reaction is typically applied to the lithiation of substituted aromatic rings.
A wide variety of functional groups can serve as directing groups.

## Transient directing groups

Since directing groups are ligands, their effectiveness correlates with their affinities for metals. Common functional groups such as ketones usually are only weak ligands and thus often are poor DGs. This problem is solved by the use of a transient directing group. Transient DGs reversibly convert weak DGs (e.g., ketones) into strong DG's (e.g., imines) via a Schiff base condensation. Subsequent to serving their role as DGs, the imine can hydrolyze, regenerating the ketone and amine.
# Cayman Islands at the 2003 Pan American Games

The 14th Pan American Games were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from August 1 to August 17, 2003.

## Medals
### Silver
##### Athletics

* Women's 200 metres: Cydonie Mothersille

## Results by event
### Swimming
#### Women's Competition

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kaitlyn Elphinstone | 200 m freestyle | 2:10.23 | 15 | 2:08.90 | 14 |
| Kaitlyn Elphinstone | 400 m freestyle | 4:30.25 | 12 | 4:28.73 | 12 |
| Heather Roffey | 400 m freestyle | 4:31.35 | 13 | 4:29.57 | 13 |
| Kaitlyn Elphinstone | 800 m freestyle | — | — | 9:25.06 | 10 |
# Catoptria casalei

Catoptria casalei is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Greece.
# Catoptria aurora

Catoptria aurora is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Amur in the Russian Far East.
# Cayo Pelau Archaeological Site

Cayo Pelau Archaeological Site is a multi-period aboriginal archaeological site in Charlotte Harbor on the west peninsular Gulf coast of the United States. The island is 3.5 miles directly south of the Big Mound Key-Boggess Ridge Archeological District. It is the only site that lies within two counties, Lee County in the south and Charlotte County, Florida to the north. Neither county has taken responsibility for identifying, protecting or preserving the prehistoric and historical cultural resources on the island.
It is known from the literature that the site consists of a large sand burial mound and a midden. Based on the ceramics taken from the midden, the burial mound and midden date from 800 BC - 500 BC, the Glades I Period, due to the Orange ceramics and early Glades and St. Johns ceramics found there. Several Calusa metal tablets, one silver and one copper, examples of 16th-century post-colonial artifacts, were extracted from the site. Use of the site into the early 19th century has been recorded, including use as a fishing camp by Cuban fishermen.
According to archaeologist Jeffrey McClain Mitchem, the burial mound and midden have been excavated by numerous persons, beginning with prominent Florida looter Montague Tallant, who donated some of his finds to the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Gordon R. Willey gives a concise account of the site in his Archaeology of the Gulf Coast Florida for the Smithsonian Institution. Prior to his research, the burial mound was 27.4 m by 1.8 - 2.5 m high and contained both Glades Plain and Weeden Island pottery. In the 1950s the shell midden was excavated by John Goggin and William Plowden. They dated the midden to be much later, 800 AD - 1000 AD.
# Cavanosteus

Cavanosteus is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Emsian of Victoria, and New South Wales, Australia.

## Description

Cavanosteus is known from central plates of the skull, infragnathals with little or no dentition, similar in form to Homosteus, and a bone from the dermal trunk shield.
# Colmurano

Colmurano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region of Marche, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Macerata.
Colmurano borders the following municipalities: Loro Piceno, Ripe San Ginesio, San Ginesio, Tolentino, Urbisaglia.
# 1967 Svenska Cupen final

The 1967 Svenska Cupen final took place on 1 November 1967 at Idrottsparken in Norrköping. It was the first final since 1953 and the second consecutive final between Allsvenskan sides Malmö FF and IFK Norrköping. IFK Norrköping played their fifth final in total and Malmö FF played their seventh final in total. Malmö FF won their third consecutive final and their sixth title with a 2–0 victory.

## Match details

| Malmö FF | IFK Norrköping |
MALMÖ FF: :
| GK | Nils Hult |
| DF | Jörgen Ohlin |
| DF | Krister Kristensson |
| DF | Bertil Elmstedt |
| DF | Rolf Björklund |
| MF | Lars Granström |
| MF | Anders Svensson |
| MF | Anders Ljungberg |
| MF | Harry Jönsson | 85' |
| FW | Ingvar Svahn |
| FW | Christer Malmberg |
| Substitutes: ||||
| DF | Ulf Kleander | 85' |
| Manager: ||||
| Antonio Durán ||||
IFK NORRKÖPING: :
| GK | Jan Connman |
| DF | Bill Björklund |
| DF | Björn Nordqvist |
| DF | Bert-Ottar Blom |
| DF | Roland Pressfeldt |
| MF | Torbjörn Jonsson |
| MF | Jan Ohlsson |
| MF | Ulf Jansson |
| MF | Ulf Hultberg | 60' |
| FW | Christer Sjölund |
| FW | Lars Berglund |
| Substitutes: ||||
| MF | Bo la Fleur | 60' |
| Manager: ||||
| Gunnar Nordahl ||||
# Emilio Pizzi

Emilio Pizzi (1 February 1861 – 27 November 1940) was an Italian composer. His output of works include 10 operas, a ballet, an oratorio, and numerous vocal and chamber works.
Pizzi graduated from the Milan Conservatory in 1884 where he was a pupil of Antonio Bazzini and Amilcare Ponchielli and attended classes with Pietro Mascagni. Shortly after completing his education, he moved to London where he remained for almost 13 years. In 1885 his operetta Lina won the Bonetti Competition. In 1889 his first opera, Guglielmo Ratcliff, won first prize at the Baruzzi Competition. His fourth opera, Gabriella, was commissioned by Adelina Patti and she portrayed the title role when the work premiered in Boston in 1893 at the Metropolitan Theatre with the composer in attendance.
Pizzi returned to Italy in 1897 to succeed Antonio Cesaro as the maestro di cappella at the Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo. He also taught at the Bergamo Conservatory. He returned to London in 1900 where he became a popular composer of vocal pieces. He died in Milan at the age of 79.

## Operas

* Lina (1885)
* Guglielmo Ratcliff (1889, Bologna)
* Editha (1890, Milan)
* Viviana (early 1890s, never performed)
* Gabriella (1893, Boston)
* The bric-a-brac-Will (1895, London)
* Ultimo canto (1896, Vienna)
* Rosalba (1899, Turin)
* La vendetta (1906, Cologne)
* Ivania (1926, Bergamo)

## Sources

* Operisti minori dell'800 italiano By Corrado Ambìveri
# Cygnus X-1 (disambiguation)

Cygnus X-1 is an X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus.
Cygnus X-1 may also refer to:
* "Cygnus X-1" (song series), a two-part song by the band Rush
* "Cygnus X-1", a song by Bethany Curve from the album Gold
# Maurice Mességué

Maurice Mességué (14 December 1921 – 16 June 2017) was a French herbalist and author of several books on herbal medicine and cooking with herbs. In his autobiography, he claims to have treated Winston Churchill, Chancellor Adenauer of Germany, and the future Pope John XXIII.
He was born in Colayrac-Saint-Cirq (Lot-et-Garonne).
In 1971, he was elected the Mayor of the town of Fleurance.
Mességué practices a form of herbalism passed down through his family. Some of the practices involve, among other things, soaking the patient's feet and hands in a strong concoction of locally gathered herbs.

## Books

* Of People and Plants: The Autobiography of Europe's Most Celebrated Healer,
** ASIN B0006C4KP8, January 1973, Macmillan
** ISBN 0892814373, October 1991, Healing Arts Press
# Disney on Parade (stage show)

Disney on Parade, was a series of touring arena stage shows produced by a joint venture between NBC and Walt Disney Productions, through their subsidiary Nawal Productions. Aimed primarily at children and families, the shows featured live performers portraying the roles of Disney characters in performances derived from various Disney films.

## History

The initial concept for the production was conceived by Thomas Sarnoff and presented to his brother, Robert Sarnoff. The elder Sarnoff had served as the President of National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and CEO of Radio Corporation of America (RCA). NBC at the time aired The Wonderful World of Disney weekly anthology television series. To produce the show, Walt Disney Productions teamed with the network to create Nawal Productions, with NBC being the general partner and Disney the limited partner.
Following a trial run in Long Beach, California, the first edition of Disney on Parade launched in Chicago, Illinois on December 25, 1969, and was an instant success. However, the show suffered from an overabundance of props, inexperienced performers, high costs and a run time of nearly three hours, so NBC replaced producer Bob Jani with Michel M. Grilikhes, who made effective changes, including rearranging or removing acts, to reduce costs and time without affecting the show's quality. Grilikhes, affectionately known to the cast and crew as "Mr. G", would executive-produce and direct further editions of Disney on Parade.
Four editions of Disney on Parade, each with a different set of acts, would tour across the United States and around the world, including runs in South America, Europe, Asia and Australia; a performance in Adelaide, Australia was videotaped and broadcast as a one-hour special on NBC's The Wonderful World of Disney in December 1971. By 1976, the shows ceased performing internationally.

## Format

Each edition of Disney on Parade typically began with Mickey Mouse and a cavalcade of Disney characters dancing on the stage and personally greeting members of the audience. The show would then present lavish musical segments, depicting characters and scenes from Disney films, alongside smaller comedy routines with characters like Donald Duck, Goofy and Herbie the Love Bug. Finally, the characters appeared together for a grand finale and bid the audience farewell. Each show was divided into two acts with one 15-minute intermission.
The arena stages typically sported a giant curtain, from which characters and sets would emerge, and a circular motion picture screen that would present clips from Disney features and shorts at the beginning of major acts.

## Reception

Disney on Parade was well received by audiences and critics. The first edition's run at Madison Square Garden made a record $400,000 in advanced ticket sales, and a run in Salt Lake City, Utah booked 77,255 people in nine days, some 38% of the population. It later toured Europe, Australia, Asia and Latin America, making $64 million worldwide.
# Disney monorail

Disney monorail may refer to:
* Disney Resort Line, at the Tokyo Disney Resort in Japan
* Disneyland Monorail, at the Disneyland Resort in California, United States
* Walt Disney World Monorail System, at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, United States
# Diving at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships

These are the results of the diving competition at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships, which took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | China (CHN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## Medal summary
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 3 m springboard details | Greg Louganis (USA) 752.67 | Sergei Kuzmin (URS) 636.15 | Aleksandr Portnov (URS) 631.56 |
| 10 m platform details | Greg Louganis (USA) 634.26 | Vladimir Aleynik (URS) 629.85 | Bruce Kimball (USA) 619.68 |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 3 m springboard details | Megan Neyer (USA) 501.03 | Christina Seufert (USA) 490.02 | Peng Yuanchuan (CHN) 482.10 |
| 10 m platform details | Wendy Wyland (USA) 438.78 | Ramona Wenzel (GDR) 417.99 | Zhou Jihong (CHN) 399.78 |
* This article about sports in Ecuador is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Diving at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre platform

The women's 10 metre platform, also reported as platform diving, was one of four diving events on the Diving at the 1980 Summer Olympics programme.
The competition was split into two phases:
* Preliminary round (25 July)
    Divers performed eight dives. The eight divers with the highest scores advanced to the final.
* Final (26 July)
    Divers performed another set of eight dives and the score here obtained was combined with half of the preliminary score to determine the final ranking.

## Results

| Rank | Diver | Nation | Preliminary | Preliminary | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Rank | Diver | Nation | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | ½ Prel. | Total |
| | Martina Jäschke | East Germany | 359.88 | 4 | 416.310 | 1 | 179.940 | 596.250 |
| | Sirvard Emirzyan | Soviet Union | 381.99 | 1 | 385.470 | 3 | 190.945 | 576.465 |
| | Liana Tsotadze | Soviet Union | 360.87 | 2 | 395.490 | 2 | 180.435 | 575.925 |
| 4 | Ramona Wenzel | East Germany | 358.86 | 5 | 362.640 | 5 | 179.430 | 542.070 |
| 5 | Yelena Matyushenko | Soviet Union | 351.00 | 6 | 364.680 | 4 | 175.500 | 540.180 |
| 6 | Elsa Tenorio | Mexico | 360.03 | 3 | 359.430 | 6 | 180.015 | 539.445 |
| 7 | Valerie McFarlane | Australia | 333.57 | 7 | 333.000 | 7 | 166.785 | 499.785 |
| 8 | Ildikó Kelemen | Hungary | 323.85 | 8 | 314.610 | 8 | 161.925 | 476.535 |
| 9 | Kerstin Krause | East Germany | 322.68 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 10 | Guadalupe Canseco | Mexico | 316.89 | 10 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 11 | Susanne Wetteskog | Sweden | 315.30 | 11 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 12 | Dana Chmelařová | Czechoslovakia | 309.12 | 12 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 13 | Ewa Kucińska | Poland | 308.88 | 13 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 14 | Marion Saunders | Great Britain | 290.82 | 14 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 15 | Lindsey Fraser | Great Britain | 277.08 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 16 | Antonette Wilken | Zimbabwe | 274.35 | 16 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 17 | Jennifer Donnet | Australia | 264.00 | 17 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| – | Annie Liljeberg | Sweden | DNS | – | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Maritime Hotel

40°44′33″N 74°00′14″W﻿ / ﻿40.742423°N 74.003813°W﻿ / 40.742423; -74.003813
The Maritime Hotel is a luxury boutique hotel located at 363 West 16th Street at Ninth Avenue in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, close to the Meatpacking District. It has 121 rooms and 5 suites, all decorated in a nautical theme, in line with the building's maritime history, and the porthole-inspired facade.

## Building

New Orleans–based architect Albert C. Ledner designed three buildings for the National Maritime Union of America in the 1960s, all white buildings that prominently featured portholes as an architectural feature. The first, in 1964, was the union's headquarters building at Seventh Avenue between 12th Street and 13th Street, which became part of the now-closed St. Vincent's Medical Center and is now the Lenox Health Greenwich Village Phyllis and William Mack Pavilion. The second was the building at 346 West 17th Street, which runs through to 16th Street, which the union used as an annex to their headquarters. The final one was the "pizza box" building which became the Maritime Hotel, whose primary facade faces Ninth Avenue.
The 17th Street building was completed in 1966, and the Ninth Avenue building a few years later; they were named the Joseph Curran Annex (17th Street) and Plaza (Ninth Avenue), after the union's first president. The Curran buildings held offices for the union and its pension fund, medical and training facilities, dormitory rooms for seaman, a gymnasium, swimming pool and 900-seat auditorium.
The fortunes of the union collapsed due to reduced activity in the Port of New York, and the two buildings at Ninth and 17th were sold in 1987 to Covenant House, a drug-rehabilitation program, which used them as a shelter and educational facility for runaways, and then in 1994 to the Chinese government, which operated them as the New York Service Center for Chinese Study Fellows, which provided housing and other services for Chinese artists, students and businessmen. In 2001, Sean K. MacPherson and Eric Goode, two nightclub and restaurant entrepreneurs, bought Ninth Avenue "pizza box" building for $19 million, and began converting it into a hotel with developers Richard Born and Ira Drukier. The hotel opened in 2003.
In the 1990s, the 17th Street building had its unique sloped facades – created to meet the setback requirements of the 1961 Zoning Resolution – covered up with fake brickface storefronts, designed to "unify" the building with the rest of the block and eliminate the "total lack of human scale" of the sloped facade; the alteration appalled Ledner when he came to visit in September 2007. It was converted into another hotel in 2011, named the Dream Downtown Hotel, designed by Frank Fusaro. The brickface from the 1990s was removed.
# Dandin (audio platform)

Dandin (Arabic: دندن ) is a music platform and sound-hosting website for the Middle East. Established in Egypt in October 2013, Dandin is a platform that focusses on highlighting emerging talent from the region.

## History

Dandin.me was launched on October 10, 2013, as an independent audio platform based in Egypt. It invites users to upload recordings in different sections, such as music, comedy, podcasts, politics and poetry.

## Origin of Name

Dandin is an Egyptian-Arabic slang term for humming and being a Middle Eastern platform it hosts output from artists originating only from that region.

## Sound types and genres

The platform hosts a variety of sounds derived from what is labelled the independent or alternative scene in the Middle East. Besides music it also hosts poetry, comedy sketches, political rants and storytelling.
# Marius Girard

Marius Girard (1838–1906) was a French poet. He composed poetry in French and Provençal.
# Billboard year-end top 30 singles of 1950

This is a list of Billboard magazine's top popular songs of 1950 according to retail sales.
| No. | Title | Artist(s) |
| 1 | "Goodnight Irene" | Gordon Jenkins & The Weavers |
| 2 | "Mona Lisa" | Nat King Cole with Les Baxter |
| 3 | "Third Man Theme" | Anton Karas |
| 4 | "Sam's Song" | Gary & Bing Crosby with Matty Matlock |
| 5 | "Play a Simple Melody" | Gary & Bing Crosby with Matty Matlock |
| 6 | "Music, Music, Music" | Teresa Brewer |
| 7 | "Third Man Theme" | Guy Lombardo |
| 8 | "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" | Red Foley |
| 9 | "Harbor Lights" | Sammy Kaye |
| 10 | "It Isn't Fair" | Sammy Kaye & Don Cornell |
| 11 | "If I Knew You Were Coming I'd have Baked a Cake" | Eileen Barton with Morty Craft |
| 12 | "Bonaparte's Retreat" | Kay Starr with Lou Busch |
| 13 | "Tzena, Tzena, Tzena" | Gordon Jenkins & The Weavers |
| 14 | "There's No Tomorrow" | Tony Martin with Henri René |
| 15 | "The Thing" | Phil Harris with Walter Scharf |
| 16 | "Sentimental Me" | Ames Brothers |
| 17 | "I Wanna Be Loved" | Andrews Sisters & Gordon Jenkins |
| 18 | "Tennessee Waltz" | Patti Page |
| 19 | "I Can Dream, Can't I" | Andrews Sisters & Gordon Jenkins |
| 20 | "I'll Never Be Free" | Kay Starr & Tennessee Ernie Ford |
| 21 | "All My Love" | Patti Page |
| 22 | "My Foolish Heart" | Gordon Jenkins |
| 23 | "Rag Mop" | Ames Brothers |
| 24 | "Bewitched" | Bill Snyder |
| 25 | "Hoop-Dee-Doo" | Perry Como & The Fontane Sisters with Mitchell Ayres |
| 26 | "Bewitched" | Gordon Jenkins |
| 27 | "Can Anyone Explain?" | Ames Brothers |
| 28 | "My Foolish Heart" | Billy Eckstine |
| 29 | "Dear Hearts and Gentle People" | Bing Crosby with Judd Conlon and Perry Botkin |
| 30 | "The Cry of the Wild Goose" | Frankie Laine with Carl T. Fischer |
# Brachyctis

Brachyctis rugulosa is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Brachyctis.
# Kazumasa Hirai

Kazumasa Hirai is the name of:
* Kazumasa Hirai (author) (1938–2015), novelist
* Kazumasa Hirai (weightlifter) (born 1949), Olympic bronze medalist
# Cicimli, Barda

Cicimli (until 2008, Cimcimli; also, Dzhidzhimli, and Dzhimdzhimly) is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 277.
# Cicina

Cicina (Serbian Cyrillic: Цицина) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Cicindela aberrans

Cicindela aberrans is a species in the beetle family Cicindelidae. It is found in Madagascar.
# Kim Bok-soon

Kim Bok-soon (Korean: 김복순; Hanja: 金福順; born 6 January 1950) is a North Korean speed skater. She represented her nation between 1968 and 1979 at international competitions.
Kim Bok-soon participated at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women in 1968, finishing 29th overall. In April 1970 she started in two events at the 1970 Winter Universiade, with her best result in the 1500m finishing 5th. She competed in two events at the 1972 Winter Olympics. After no international competitions in the years after the Olympics, she competed at a friendly international competition in Zakopane, Poland in February 1979.

## Records
### Personal records

Personal records :
| Women's speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 46,40 | 01 March 1974 | Ulaanbaatar CS | |
| 1000 m | 1.37,00 | 02 March 1974 | Ulaanbaatar CS | |
| 1500 m | 2.25,48 | 12 February 1972 | Sapporo | |
| 3000 m | 5.04,10 | 07 January 1970 | Pyongyang | |
# Diactora

Diactora is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Diactora oxymorpha Diakonoff, 1960
# Bill Paxton (computer scientist)

William (Bill) Paxton is a computer scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is one of the founders of Adobe Systems and became one of the original designers and implementors of the PostScript page description language.
In 2021, Paxton was awarded the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize for developing the MESA software for computational stellar astrophysics.

## Stanford

Paxton received his PhD from Stanford in 1977. He worked with Doug Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute where the group would build the Online System (NLS) and was there during "The Mother of All Demos".

## Xerox PARC

After leaving Stanford, Paxton would join the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) where they were working on emerging technologies, including Ethernet, networked personal computers, bitmap displays, graphical user-interfaces, and laser printers.

## Adobe

Paxton joined Adobe in 1983. He built the Type 1 font algorithms for PDF. Paxton and his team received the ACM Software System Award in 1989 for the design of the PostScript language and implementation.

## Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics

In 1990 Paxton retired from Adobe Systems and became an unofficial scholar in residence at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he started working on the physics of stellar evolution. He is responsible for the EZ stellar evolution program and the creation of the open-source stellar evolution software Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA).