OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1806 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1806 in Australia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - George III

### Governors

Governors of the Australian colonies:
* Governor of New South Wales – Captain Philip King (until 12 August), then Captain William Bligh
* Lieutenant-Governor of Southern Van Diemen's Land – David Collins
* Lieutenant-Governor of Northern Van Diemen's Land – William Paterson

## Events

* 5 August – Captain William Bligh arrives in Sydney to take over the governorship.
* 12 August – Governor King boards HMS Buffalo for his return to England, and Bligh's commission is formally read.

## Exploration and settlement

* Governor King estimated that 280 men were employed along the Australian coast in sealing and fishing.
* Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of the continent.
# Corresponding conditional

In logic, the corresponding conditional of an argument (or derivation) is a material conditional whose antecedent is the conjunction of the argument's (or derivation's) premises and whose consequent is the argument's conclusion. An argument is valid if and only if its corresponding conditional is a logical truth. It follows that an argument is valid if and only if the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. Therefore, the construction of a corresponding conditional provides a useful technique for determining the validity of an argument.

## Example

Consider the argument A:
   Either it is hot or it is cold It is not hot Therefore it is cold
This argument is of the form:
   Either P or Q
   Not P
   Therefore Q
   or (using standard symbols of propositional calculus):
   P $\lor$ Q
   $\neg$P ____________ Q
The corresponding conditional C is:
   IF ((P or Q) and not P) THEN Q
   or (using standard symbols):
   ((P $\lor$ Q) $\wedge$ $\neg$P)$\to$ Q
and the argument A is valid just in case the corresponding conditional C is a logical truth.
If C is a logical truth then $\neg$C entails Falsity (The False).
Thus, any argument is valid if and only if the denial of its corresponding conditional leads to a contradiction.
If we construct a truth table for C we will find that it comes out T (true) on every row (and of course if we construct a truth table for the negation of C it will come out F (false) in every row. These results confirm the validity of the argument A
Some arguments need first-order predicate logic to reveal their forms and they cannot be tested properly by truth tables forms.
Consider the argument A1:
   Some mortals are not Greeks Some Greeks are not men Not every man is a logician Therefore Some mortals are not logicians
To test this argument for validity, construct the corresponding conditional C1 (you will need first-order predicate logic), negate it, and see if you can derive a contradiction from it. If you succeed, then the argument is valid.

## Application

Instead of attempting to derive the conclusion from the premises proceed as follows.
To test the validity of an argument (a) translate, as necessary, each premise and the conclusion into sentential or predicate logic sentences (b) construct from these the negation of the corresponding conditional (c) see if from it a contradiction can be derived (or if feasible construct a truth table for it and see if it comes out false on every row.) Alternatively construct a truth tree and see if every branch is closed. Success proves the validity of the original argument.
In case of the difficulty in trying to derive a contradiction, one should proceed as follows. From the negation of the corresponding conditional derive a theorem in conjunctive normal form in the methodical fashions described in text books. If, and only if, the original argument was valid will the theorem in conjunctive normal form be a contradiction, and if it is, then that it is will be apparent.
# 11th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 11th Armoured Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army raised during the Second World War. The brigade was a 1st Line Territorial Army formation, consisting of three infantry battalions converted into armoured regiments.

## History

The 11th Armoured Brigade was formed from the redesignation of the 126th Infantry Brigade, part of 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division, on 1 November 1941. During this time, the brigade formed part of the 42nd Armoured Division. On 25 July 1942, the brigade was converted from an armoured role (equipped with cruiser tanks) into an infantry support role (equipped with infantry tanks). As part of this conversion, the brigade was re-designated the 11th Tank Brigade. During most of 1943, the brigade was attached to the 77th Infantry (Reserve) Division as a training formation. On 23 November, the brigade was disbanded and its regiments were broken up.

## Order of battle

Subordinate units included:
* 107th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (previously 5th Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster))
* 110th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (previously 5th Battalion, Border Regiment)
* 111th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (previously 5th Battalion, Manchester Regiment)
* 1st Battalion, Highland Light Infantry

## Commanders

* Brigadier H.L. Birks (from 1 November 1941 until 25 July 1942)
* Colonel R.A. France (Acting, from 26 October 1942 until 2 November 1942)
* Brigadier H.C.J. Yeo (from 2 November 1942 until 1 June 1943)
* Brigadier J.G.R. Runciman (from 1 June 1943)

## Postwar

The brigade was one of two "square brigades" assigned to 1st Armoured Division when this was formed in 1976. It was converted into "Task Force Bravo", and ceased to exist in 1977. ("Task Force Bravo" became 22nd Armoured Brigade four years later.) The brigade was reinstated by converting "Task Force Golf" into an armoured brigade in 1981, assigned to 4th Armoured Division and was based at Kingsley Barracks in Minden. It disbanded in 1993.
# List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Sanilac County

The following is a list of Michigan State Historic Sites in Sanilac County, Michigan. Sites marked with a dagger (†) are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Sanilac County, Michigan.

## Current listings

| Name | Location | City | Listing date |
| Brown City Banner Commemorative Designation | Main Street | Brown City | August 31, 1993 |
| Brown City Community Schools | 4290 Second Street | Brown City | 1986 |
| Buel Methodist Episcopal Church | Peck Road (M-90), 5 miles W of Croswell | Croswell | August 24, 1984 |
| Old Catholic Rectory | 7229 Denissen Street | Lexington | February 7, 1977 |
| Church of the Good Shepherd | 5646 Main Street, NW corner of Hubbard Street | Lexington | April 5, 1974 |
| Croswell Chapel of Trinity Episcopal Church | 124 North Howard | Croswell | February 7, 1977 |
| Thomas U. Dawson House | 6560 Ellsworth | Marlette | January 22, 1987 |
| John L. Fead House† | 5349 Washington Street | Lexington | February 7, 1977 |
| Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad Depot | 3325 Main Street | Marlette | August 16, 2001 |
| Great Lake Storm of 1913 Informational Designation | Roadside Park on M-25, 1.5 miles south of Port Sanilac | Port Sanilac | November 27, 1956 |
| Huckins-Norman Farmhouse | 7127 Lake Street | Lexington | June 6, 1977 |
| Lexington Bank of B. R. Noble | 7245 Huron Avenue | Lexington | September 8, 1982 |
| Lexington Town Hall and Masonic Temple | 5475–5477 Main Street | Lexington | February 18, 1982 |
| Joseph M. Loop House† | 228 South Ridge Street | Port Sanilac | December 10, 1971 |
| Marlette Township Library | 3116 Gurdon T. Wolfe Avenue | Marlette | August 3, 1979 |
| Charles H. Moore Library† | 7239 Huron Avenue | Lexington | August 12, 1977 |
| Thomas and Margaret Spencer Matthews Farm† | 5916 Gardner Line Road | Croswell | February 16, 1995 |
| Charles H. Moore-Albert E. Sleeper House† | 7277 Simons Street | Lexington | April 15, 1977 |
| New Carroll House | 4164 Main | Brown City | January 19, 1989 |
| William Reuben Nims House† | 7156 Huron Avenue (M-90) | Lexington | December 3, 1980 |
| Rudolph Papst House | 734 Huron Avenue | Lexington | February 10, 1983 |
| Port Sanilac Masonic and Town Hall† | 20 Ridge | Port Sanilac | June 15, 1979 |
| Uri Raymond House | 111 S Ridge Street (M-25) | Port Sanilac | May 21, 1992 |
| Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park† (20SL1) | 8251 Germania Road | Greenleaf Township | April 24, 1970 |
| Snay Cemetery | Snay Road | Palms | November 16, 1995 |
| The Wolfel House | Southeast corner of Main and Lester Streets | Lexington | October 2, 1980 |
| Tug Sport Shipwreck Site† (20UH105) | 3 miles offshore in Lake Huron | Lexington | January 23, 1992 |
| Judge Watson Beach House | 6993 Huron Avenue | Lexington | November 2, 1980 |
| L. Philip Wixson House | 5774 Main Street | Lexington | October 11, 1990 |
# MV Borthwick

MV Borthwick may refer to:
* MV Borthwick – a 1940 coaster launched as MV Empire Gat
* MV Borthwick – a 1977 LPG Tanker
# Markó–Lam deoxygenation

The Markó–Lam deoxygenation is an organic chemistry reaction where the hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydrogen atom to give an alkyl group. The Markó-Lam reaction is a variant of the Bouveault–Blanc reduction and an alternative to the classical Barton–McCombie deoxygenation. It is named for the Belgian chemists István Markó and Kevin Lam.
The main features of the reaction are:
* short reaction time (5 seconds to 5 minutes).
* the use of a stable toluate derivative.
* the use of SmI$_2$/HMPA system or electrolysis instead of the classical and difficult to remove tributyltin hydride.

## Mechanism

A hydroxyl group is first derivitised into a stable and very often crystalline toluate derivative. The aromatic ester is submitted to a monoelectronical reduction, by the use of SmI$_2$/HMPA or by electrolysis, to yield the a radical-anion which decomposes into the corresponding carboxylate and into the radical of the alkyl fragment.
This radical could be used for further chemical reactions or can abstract a hydrogen atom to form the deoxygenated product.

## Variations

In presence of methanol or isopropanol, the reduction lead to the selective deprotection of the aromatic esters.
In presence of ketones, allylic derivatives lead to the coupling product when treated in Barbier's conditions with samarium diiodide.

## Scope

The Markó-Lam reaction was used as a final step in the total synthesis of Trifarienol B:
# Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus

Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus (c. 45 - after 94) was a Roman senator active during the Flavian dynasty. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of March-June 79 with Publius Calvisius Ruso as his colleague.
Caesennius was the son and namesake of Lucius Caesennius Paetus, consul in 61, and Flavia Sabina, the daughter of Titus Flavius Sabinus.
Paetus is known to have served as a military tribune in 62 under Domitius Corbulo. Despite the military reverses of his father, his career was not unduly harmed, for Paetus was Consul Suffectus and finally proconsular governor of Asia in 93/94.
# Dr. Z

Dr. Z may refer to:

## People

* Dieter Zetsche, chairman of Daimler AG
* Paul Lionel Zimmerman, an American sportswriter

## Fictional characters

* Dr. Zoidberg, a character in Futurama
* Dr. Z, a character in Dinosaur King
* Dr. Zee, a character in Battlestar Galactica

## Enterprises

* Dr. Z Amplification, a manufacturer of guitar amplifiers
# 1856 in France

Events from the year 1856 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Napoleon III

## Events

* 30 March - Treaty of Paris is signed by Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France, and the United Kingdom, settling the Crimean War.

## Births

* 1 February - Louis-Anne-Jean Brocq, dermatologist (died 1928)
* 16 March - Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial, only child of Emperor Napoleon III of France and his Empress consort Eugénie de Montijo (died 1879)
* 24 April - Philippe Pétain, Marshal of France, later Chief of State of Vichy France (died 1951)
* 25 May - Louis Franchet d'Espérey, general during World War I (died 1942)
* 5 June - Gabrielle Réjane, actress (died 1920)
* 1 September - Louis-Ernest Dubois, Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris (died 1929)
* 29 October - Jacques Curie, physicist (died 1941)

### Full date unknown

* Eugène Louis Bouvier, entomologist and carcinologist (died 1944)
* Thérèse Humbert, fraudster (died 1918)

## Deaths
### January to June

* 4 January - Pierre Jean David, sculptor (born 1788)
* 6 January - Nicolas-Charles Bochsa, musician and composer (born 1789)
* 29 February - Auguste Chapdelaine, Christian missionary to China (born 1814)
* March - Louise Rosalie Allan-Despreaux, actress (born 1810)
* 27 April - Louis Joseph César Ducornet, painter (born 1806)
* 3 May - Adolphe Adam, composer and music critic (born 1803)
* 12 May - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, mathematician, physicist and astronomer (born 1786)
* 13 May - Jean Zuléma Amussat, surgeon (born 1796)
* 14 May - Théodore Guérin (Saint Theodora), missionary (born 1798)

### July to December

* 8 October - Théodore Chassériau, painter (born 1819)
* 12 October - Jean Bachelot La Pylaie, botanist, explorer and archaeologist (born 1786)
* 4 November - Hippolyte Delaroche, painter (born 1797)
* 9 November - Étienne Cabet, philosopher and utopian socialist (born 1788)
* 25 December - Princess Elisabeth of Savoy-Carignan (born 1800)

### Full date unknown

* Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Duchesne, painter and miniaturist (born 1770)
* Charles de Steuben, painter (born 1788)
# Corresponding sides and corresponding angles

In geometry, the tests for congruence and similarity involve comparing corresponding sides and corresponding angles of polygons. In these tests, each side and each angle in one polygon is paired with a side or angle in the second polygon, taking care to preserve the order of adjacency.
For example, if one polygon has sequential sides a, b, c, d, and e and the other has sequential sides v, w, x, y, and z, and if b and w are corresponding sides, then side a (adjacent to b) must correspond to either v or x (both adjacent to w). If a and v correspond to each other, then c corresponds to x, d corresponds to y, and e corresponds to z; hence the ith element of the sequence abcde corresponds to the ith element of the sequence vwxyz for i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. On the other hand, if in addition to b corresponding to w we have c corresponding to v, then the ith element of abcde corresponds to the ith element of the reverse sequence xwvzy.
Congruence tests look for all pairs of corresponding sides to be equal in length, though except in the case of the triangle this is not sufficient to establish congruence (as exemplified by a square and a rhombus that have the same side length). Similarity tests look at whether the ratios of the lengths of each pair of corresponding sides are equal, though again this is not sufficient. In either case equality of corresponding angles is also necessary; equality (or proportionality) of corresponding sides combined with equality of corresponding angles is necessary and sufficient for congruence (or similarity). The corresponding angles as well as the corresponding sides are defined as appearing in the same sequence, so for example if in a polygon with the side sequence abcde and another with the corresponding side sequence vwxyz we have vertex angle a appearing between sides a and b then its corresponding vertex angle v must appear between sides v and w.
# Majora (toy company)

Majora (Majora - Mário J. Oliveira & Irmão, Lda) is a Portuguese toy manufacturer based in Porto. It has its own museum, with toys more than 70 years old.

## History

Majora was founded in 1939 by Mário J. Oliveira. In 1967 today's factory in Oporto was built. In that same year, mass production by Majora started improving and increasing in quantity.
The company produced various types of toys, in particular board games.

## Products

Majora makes over 300 types of toys today and more than 1 million toys per year. It exports to various countries in Europe.
# Major suit

In the card game contract bridge, the major suits are spades (♠) and hearts (♥). The major suits are of prime importance for tactics and scoring as they outrank the minor suits while bidding and also outscore them (30 per contracted trick for major suits—compared to 20 for minor suits). Much of the tactics of bidding in bridge revolves around the attempt by partners to find a "fit" in one of the major suits that will allow them to make a game contract. Another reason why the major suits is more desirable than the minor suits is that they need one less trick to make game. Of the two major suits, spades rank higher than hearts.

## Suit combinations

Fundamentally, there are three ways to divide four suits into pairs: by color, by rank and by shape resulting in six possible suit combinations.
* Color is used to denote the red suits (hearts and diamonds) and the black suits (spades and clubs).
* Rank is used to indicate the major (spades and hearts) versus minor (diamonds and clubs) suits.
* Shape is used to denote the pointed (diamonds and spades, which visually have a sharp point uppermost) versus rounded (hearts and clubs) suits. This is used only as a mnemonic.
# Makola, Ghana

Makola is a town in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It houses one of the largest trading centres in Ghana – Makola Market – and the premiere campus of the Ghana School of Law.
# Frank Noel Stagg

Commander Frank Noel Stagg, RN, (25 December 1884 in Tonbridge, Kent—25 October 1956 in London) was a Royal Navy officer known for his role in Danish and Norwegian resistance movements during the Second World War.
Staggs was a Naval Control Service Officer in Trondheim and Copenhagen before the war, and was connected with the Norwegian Section of Special Operations Executive from October 1940 to July 1942, He was the planner of the raid on the Lofoten Islands.
He was honoured for services to the Norwegian Navy at St Olav on 17 October 1944.

## Early life

In his youth, Stagg attended Charterhouse School. He entered the Royal Navy 15 January 1900.
He married Marjorie Noble, granddaughter of Captain Horatio Nelson Noble and great granddaughter of Vice Admiral James Noble, who served in the Navy with Lord Nelson on HMS Agamemnon.
He named the Stagg Patches shoal off Queensland, whilst aboard surveying vessel HMS Fantome from 1907 to 1909.

## Later life

Stagg wrote several historical works, including five books about the history of Norway and its links to British history. He is also known for his contributions to local history, both in his home county of Kent and further afield, serving for a time as chairman of the County Local History Committee of the Kent Council of Social Services. He died 25 October 1956 in London.

## List of Publications

* Stagg, Frank Noel (1952). North Norway. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
* Stagg, Frank Noel (1953). The Heart of Norway. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
* Stagg, Frank Noel (1954). West Norway and its Fjords. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
* Stagg, Frank Noel (1956). East Norway and its Frontier. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
* Stagg, Frank Noel (1958). South Norway. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
# Christopher Garnett (disambiguation)

Christopher Garnett may refer to:
* Christopher Garnett, member of the Board of the Olympic Delivery Authority
* Christopher Garnett (politician), British politician
* Chris Garnett, youth worker for PETA
# Everybody's in Show-Biz

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
| Pitchfork Media | (9.5/10) |
| Rolling Stone | (favourable) |
Everybody's in Show-Biz is the eleventh studio album released by the English rock group the Kinks, released in 1972. A double album, the first disc features studio recordings, while the second disc documents a two-night Carnegie Hall stand.
Everybody's in Show-Biz is often seen by fans as a transition album for the Kinks, marking the change in Ray Davies' songwriting style toward more theatrical, campy and vaudevillian work, as evidenced by the rock-opera concept albums that followed it.
This album marks Davies' explorations of the trials of rock-star life and the monotony of touring, themes that would reappear in future releases like The Kinks Present A Soap Opera and the 1987 live album Live: The Road.
On 3 June 2016, a Legacy Edition was released, with disc 1 containing the original stereo album (studio and live tracks) and disc 2 containing bonus tracks including previously unreleased live tracks from the Carnegie Hall concerts, alternate mixes and studio outtakes. (Disc 2 tracks 6-10 were recorded on the other night of the two-night Carnegie Hall stand; Disc 2 track 14 is a previously-unreleased outtake; and Disc 2 tracks 1 and 12 are the same as those bonus tracks on the 1998 reissue.)

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ray Davies, except where noted.

## Personnel

The Kinks
* Ray Davies – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, resonator guitar
* Dave Davies – lead guitar, slide guitar, banjo, backing vocals, 12-string acoustic guitar on "Celluloid Heroes", lead vocal on "You Don't Know My Name", co-lead vocals on "Hot Potatoes"
* John Dalton – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Mick Avory – drums
* John Gosling – keyboards
Additional personnel
* Alan Holmes – saxophone, clarinet
* Mike Cotton – trumpet
* John Beecham – trombone, tuba
* Dave Rowberry – organ on "Celluloid Heroes"
# Bearcreek, Missouri

Bearcreek is an unincorporated community in Cedar County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Bear Creek was established in 1847, the name was changed to Bearcreek in 1894, and the post office closed in 1957. The community took its name from nearby Bear Creek.
# Mark–n–Marshall: Monday

Mark–n–Marshall: Monday is an album by saxophonist Marshall Allen, his first as a leader. It was recorded at The Spirit Room in Rossie, New York on March 16, 1998, and was released later that year by CIMP. On the album, which is the companion to Mark–n–Marshall: Tuesday, Allen is joined by saxophonist and clarinetist Mark Whitecage, bassist Dominic Duval, and drummer Luqman Ali.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
In a review for AllMusic, Steve Loewy wrote: "It is hard to believe that this is the first release under the name of alto saxophonist Marshall Allen, who was 73 years old when this CD was recorded... with players so good, most everything manages to fall into line... There is a somewhat informal, and even self-indulgent feeling throughout, but that is forgivable, given the high level of musicianship."
The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings stated: "'When You Wish Upon a Star' is an obvious echo of Sun Ra's Disney fascination, but there is also the coda-like 'Star Wishing' to demonstrate how much further Allen is prepared to push things. 'Out of Nowhere' is a titanic performance, while 'Fly Me to the Moon' ensures that the interplanetary strain hasn't been overlooked."
A reviewer for All About Jazz commented: "This Monday date is full of the sound of joy... Whitecage provides mobile flutterings that perfectly complement Allen's Johnny Hodges-meets-Ornette Coleman tone. Dominic Duval provides bass commentary in the revolutionary mode of Scott LaFaro and Gary Peacock... Luqman Ali... supports the group with crisp, propulsive drumming. Who says Mondays are all bad?"

## Track listing

* "Mr. Whitecage, Meet Mr. Allen" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 9:47
* "Out of Nowhere" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 12:18
* "When You Wish Upon a Star" (Leigh Harline, Ned Washington) – 8:30
* "Star Wishing" (Marshall Allen) – 7:38
* "Fly Me to the Moon" (Bart Howard) – 10:52
* "Albatross" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 10:54
* "Seven and Half Steps" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 9:01

## Personnel

* Marshall Allen – alto saxophone
* Mark Whitecage – clarinet, alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
* Dominic Duval – double bass
* Luqman Ali – drums