OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Francesco Cassiano de Silva

Francesco Cassiano de Silva (17th century- 18th century) was a Spanish engraver. His engravings mainly depicted some cities of the Kingdom of Naples and they represent an invaluable source of information on the history of Southern Italy.

## Life

Very little is known about the life of Francesco Cassiano de Silva. He was well known in the Kingdom of Naples as an engraver of pictures for printed books. In particular, his pictures were published in the most important Naples publishers of that time, namely Antonio Bulifon, Domenico Antonio Parrino and Luigi Mutio. He also collaborated with Italian historian Giovan Battista Pacichelli. According to some sources, Cassiano de Silva was from Milan (Italy), while, according to other sources, he was Spanish.
The contemporary scholar who first discovered one of his works is Vladimiro Valerio: he discovered in the Austrian National Library the album titled Regno Napolitano anatomizzato dalla penna di D. Francesco Cassiano De Silva. In 1986, another scholar, Giancarlo Alisio, discovered a geographical atlas with drawings drawn by de Silva himself inside the Biblioteca Nazionale Italiana, while in 2006 scholars Amirante and Pessolano made further discoveries inside the Kriegsarchiv, Vienna, and in the National Archives of Austria (Österreichisches Staatsarchiv). A further discovery was made in the Lázaro Galdiano Museum in Madrid (in this last case, the drawings were about the Kingdom of Spain).

## Works by Cassiano de Silva

* Accuratissima e nuova delineazione del Regno di Napoli. Antonio Bulifon. 1692.
* Descrizione delle città vescovali di tutto questo Regno di Napoli, e di alcune terre grosse disegnate al naturale, contenuto in Regno Napolitano anatomizzato dalla penna di D. Francesco Cassiano De Silva (1698).
* Discorso sopra le città del Regno di Napoli, contenuto in Regno Napolitano anatomizzato dalla penna di D. Francesco Cassiano De Silva.
* Giovan Battista Pacichelli (1703). Il Regno di Napoli in prospettiva diviso in dodeci provincie. Naples.
# Eudonia abrupta

Eudonia abrupta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li in 2012. It is found in Jiangxi, China.
# Chorisepalum

Chorisepalum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.
Its native range is Guyana Highlands.
Species:
* Chorisepalum carnosum Ewan
* Chorisepalum ovatum Gleason
* Chorisepalum psychotrioides Ewan
* Chorisepalum rotundifolium Ewan
* Chorisepalum sipapoanum (Maguire) Struwe & V.A.Albert
# Clithon faba

Clithon faba is a species of brackish water snail with an operculum, a nerite. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Philippines, Singapore and in Japan: Honshū and Kyūshū, Vietnam.
# John List

John List may refer to:
* John A. List (born 1968), American economist
* John List (murderer) (1925–2008), American mass murderer
# Dangerous Trails

Dangerous Trails is a 1923 American silent Western film directed by Alan James and starring Irene Rich, Tully Marshall, and Noah Beery. It is a northern, featuring a member of the North-West Mounted Police on the track of a smuggling gang.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Steve Bradley, a dance hall proprietor in the Canadian Northwest, is in league with opium smugglers Jean Le Fere and Wang. Steve is engaged to Grace Alderson, a singer in his resort. Roland St. Clair, a North-West Mounted Police detective, goes on the smugglers' trail. Grace vamps him and they fall in love. In the finale, after many wild adventures, the smugglers are captured across the border in the United States when federal officers raid Wang's Chinatown den. Grace turns out to be in the employ of the police and marries St. Clair.

## Cast

* Irene Rich as Grace Alderson
* Tully Marshall as Steve Bradley
* Noah Beery as Inspector Criswell
* Allan Penrose as Roland St. Clair
* William Lowery as Jean Le Fere
* Jack Curtis as Wang
* Jane Talent as Beatrice Layton
# Asxanakəran

Asxanakəran (also, Askhanakeran) is a village and municipality in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,066. The municipality consists of the villages of Asxanakəran, Azaru, Balbau, Bursut, and Dəstor.
# Butler's frogfish

Butler's frogfish, Butler's anglerfish or the blackspot anglerfish (Tathicarpus butleri), is a rare species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only member of its genus, this species is the most derived member of its family and represents a separate lineage from all other frogfishes, leading to some consideration of it being placed in its own family, the Tathicarpidae, this name being proposed by Pamela B. Hart et al in 2022. It is found off the southern coast of New Guinea, and along the coasts of Western Australia to 33° S latitude, the Northern Territory, and Queensland to 22° S latitude. A benthic species, it inhabits inshore tropical waters and coral reefs to a maximum depth of 145 m (476 ft), though most are found shallower than 45 m (148 ft). Its specific epithet honours its discoverer Dr. A. Graham Butler.
This species reaches a maximum length of 10 cm (3.9 in). It has a stout, laterally compressed body with a large head longer than deep. Like other anglerfishes, the first dorsal fin ray is modified into a lure for attracting prey. The illicium ("fishing rod") of the Butler's frogfish is very long, measuring 24-47% the standard length, and lacks dermal spines. At the tip is a distinct esca ("fishing lure") that may measure 22% the standard length, consisting of a thin, broad appendage covered with hair-like filaments and bearing 1-2 dark spots at the base. The mouth is protrusible, with many slender, sharp teeth on the jaws, vomer, and palatines. The dorsal and anal fins are tall, containing 10-11 and 7 fin rays respectively; the caudal fin is long and contains 9 rays.
The Butler's frogfish has unusually long and "arm-like" pectoral fin lobes, which unlike other frogfish are largely detached from the sides of the body. Its genus name Tathicarpus, meaning "extending wrist", refers to this trait. The fish uses these pectoral fins to clamber along the sea bottom. The number of pectoral fin rays is reduced (6-7 as opposed to 8 or more in other frogfish), and the Butler's frogfish can move each ray individually like "fingers" to steady itself or to hold on to objects. The pelvic fins contain 5 rays each and are placed beneath the body. The skin is densely covered with bifurcate spinules; there are also varying numbers of large, fringed filaments over the head and body. The coloration ranges from pale gray to greenish to brown, with darker markings. The fin membranes are thin and translucent.
# 1-Arseno-3-phosphoglycerate

1-Arseno-3-phosphoglycerate is a compound produced by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, present in high concentrations in many organisms, from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and arsenate in the glycolysis pathway. The compound is unstable and hydrolyzes spontaneously to 3-phosphoglycerate, bypassing the energy producing step of glycolysis.

## Effects on glycolysis

1-Arseno-3-phosphoglycerate can be derived from the glycolytic pathway via the bonding of Arsenate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The net production of ATP is zero as a result of the formation of the intermediate, 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate, as opposed to the conventional pathway, which produces a net result of two ATP molecules.
${\ce {Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + AsO4^3- + NAD+ ->[GAPDH] NADH +H+ + 1-Arseno-3-phosphoglycerate}}$
# Aereon

Aereon was an aircraft manufacturer specializing in hybrid airships. It was founded in Princeton, New Jersey in 1959.

## Aircraft

* AEREON III
* AEREON 26
* AEREON Dynairship
* Aereon WASP
# Choripetalae

Choripetalae Eichler (1876), is a descriptive botanical name used in the Eichler and Wettstein systems to categorize a group of flowering plants. It represents one of two subdivisions within the Dicotyledones, with the other being the Sympetalae. The latter have fused petals (sympetaly) which distinguishes them from the free, unfused petals of the Choripetalae.
Thus if the petals are free from one another in the corolla, the plant is polypetalous or choripetalous; whereas for those petals at least partially fused together, it is gamopetalous or sympetalous.
# John Kirk (cricketer)

John Alexander Wright Kirk (2 December 1888 — 21 October 1961) was a Scottish first-class cricketer.
Kirk was born at Coatbridge in December 1888. He was educated at Uddingston Grammar School. A club cricketer for Uddingston, he made his debut for Scotland in first-class cricket against Ireland at Edinburgh in 1920. He made two further first-class appearances against Ireland at Glasgow in 1922 and Dublin in 1923. Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took 11 wickets at an average of 31.36, with best figures of 4 for 80. As a lower order batsman, he scored 15 runs with a highest score of 11. Kirk died at Coatbridge in October 1961.
# Charles Herndon (artist)

Charles "Chuck" Herndon is an American artist, creating sculptures in stone, metal, and wood, as well as works in painting and photography. He recently retired from Columbus College of Art and Design as Professor Emeritus and presently works out of his studios on Kelleys Island in Lake Erie: a sculpture studio built in 1980 and a painting and photography studio built in 2000.
Charles Herndon has a BFA in Sculpture from the Cleveland Institute of Art.
In 2007, Charles Herndon rescued a boy who survived a plane crash just off of Kelleys Island. In recognition for his actions, he was awarded a Coast Guard Public Service Commendation for heroism.
# Dance All Night (Poison Clan song)

"Dance All Night" is the second single by the Southern hip hop group Poison Clan from their 1990 debut album 2 Low Life Muthas. The song peaked at No. 14 on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart and No. 51 on the Hot R&B Singles chart. The song is fast paced and features the signature Miami bass sound that was pioneered by Poison Clan's labelmates the 2 Live Crew. The opening riff from Isaac Hayes' iconic Theme from Shaft is sampled very prominently throughout the entire song. It is the only Poison Clan single that was not edited for content due to being the only truly clean song Poison Clan recorded as there are no profanities anywhere in the entire song. Along with a 12-inch single and CD maxi-single, a music video was released for the song. The song was included on the group's 1999 greatest hits release The Best of JT Money & Poison Clan.
# Gaspard

Gaspard may refer to:
* Gaspard (name)
* Gaspard (novel), 1915 French novel by René Benjamin which won the Prix Goncourt
* Gaspard and Lisa (TV series), a British–American–French animated television series
* Gaspard the Fox, a real urban fox whose fictional story is told in a picture book by Zeb Soanes and James Mayhew
* Gaspard, Saint-Jean-du-Sud, Haiti, a village in the Sud department of Haiti
* Gaspard de la nuit, piano suite (1908) by Maurice Ravel
* Pic Gaspard, a mountain in the French Alps
* Colonel Gaspard, the nom-de-guerre of French Resistance leader Émile Coulaudon (1907–1977)
# Magongo

Magongo may refer to:
* Magongo, Nigeria, in Ogori/Magongo Local Government Area
* Magongo, Kenya, a suburb of Mombasa
# Battle of Tara (1150)

In 1150, Serbian Grand Prince Uroš II, a Hungarian ally, summoned an army led by Grdeša, the župan (count) of Travunia, and Vučina, against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines won the battle, capturing both Grdeša and Vučina.

## Background

During the Serbian Uprising of 1149, Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos failed to capture Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia, who conspired with the Hungarians and Normans. Manuel I in Autumn 1150 encamped with his army at Niš. He learned that Geza II sent some troops to an anonymous Serb brother of Beloš, and married to Uroš II's sister as well as close ally of Geza II, but the troops were intercepted around Drina and defeated by Manuel I. Remaining forces escaped toward river Strymon (considered to be near modern Paraćin, 70 km north-west of Niš). Manuel I encamped at Sečanica (12 km of Niš) and getting the news that the Hungarians didn't yet meet the Serbs, decided to attack them until reached river Tara.

## Battle

The battle took at place Tara. In the early morning the Byzantines sent scouts and small groups of light-armed troops forward to attract the Serbs out and shoot them with archers. However, the scouts didn't go far, returned in fear, seeing an "innumerable army", including "countless" Hungarian cavalry joined by many Chalisioi (Khazars), while the Serbs joined by the Petchenegs, on the other side of the river.
To save a group of scouts, Manuel I took the banner and rushed forward on a horse to the river where already were the archers, showing himself to the Serbs, who decided to attack. It was a hard battle, with the Byzantines constantly pursuing the enemies, capturing Serbian nobles Grdeša and Vučina, but also Byzantine generals Michael Branas and Frank Giphardus rushed into danger, but were saved by Manuel I and his regiment. They were attacked on the left front, but the ambushers fled away again. Manuel I took John Kantakouzenos (sebastos) and John Doukas Komnenos (lost two fingers) to pursue them, reportedly in the process "hurled fifteen of the foe to the floor with a single thrust of his lance". After killing them 40, Manuel I's became exhausted, Kantakouzenos went forward and managed to have non-critical hit on Serbian grand župan Bakchinos (Bagin). Kantakouzenos was barely saved by Manuel I, but then the emperor himself became the target. Using the sword, he fought until remained only himself and Bakchinos, with the latter almost giving a lethal hit to the emperor, then the emperor cut Bakchinos' hand and forced him to submit.

## Aftermath

Manuel I captured 50 captives, and later Uroš II reached the camp, asking for forgiveness and giving eternal oath as a subject to the Byzantines, helping with 2000 men when the emperor fights in the West and 300 in addition of previous 200 men for Asian campaigns. The natives also decided to choose his brother Desa as a co-ruler. It is assumed that some of the prisoners were taken to Sredets (modern Sofia), but were released by 1151, when a "Grd" is mentioned as a witness of Desa's charter to the Monastery of St. Mary on Mljet.
# 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane is an organohalogen compound with the formula Br(CH$_2$)$_3$Cl. It is a colorless liquid, produced by free-radical addition of hydrogen bromide to allyl chloride. It is used as an alkylating agent to install the –(CH$_2$)$_3$Cl and –(CH$_2$)$_3$– groups. For example, it is a precursor to 4-chlorobutyronitrile.
# Etioplast

Etioplasts are an intermediate type of plastid that develop from proplastids that have not been exposed to light, and convert into chloroplasts upon exposure to light. They are usually found in stem and leaf tissue of flowering plants (Angiosperms) grown either in complete darkness, or in extremely low-light conditions.

## Etymology

The word "etiolated" (from French word étioler — "straw") was first coined by Erasmus Darwin in 1791 to describe the white and straw-like appearance of dark-grown plants. However, the term "etioplast" did not exist until 1967 when it was invented by John T. O. Kirk and Richard A. E. Tilney-Bassett to distinguish etioplasts from proplastids, their precursors.

## Structure

Etioplasts are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and the presence of a complicated structure called a prolamellar body (PLB). Usually, a single one is present in each etioplast. PLB is composed of symmetrically arranged, tetrahedrally-branched tubules and may contain ribosomes and plastoglobules inside. The latter are rich with carotenoids, especially lutein and violaxanthin, which may help in transition to chloroplasts. Due to the higher presence of carotenoids than protochlorophyllide, etiolated leaves appear pale yellow instead of just white.

## Transition to chloroplast

Every PLB contains protochlorophyllide which is rapidly converted into chlorophyllide by the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase upon exposure to light. Following this, chlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll through enzymatic processes. This is stimulated by plant growth hormones: cytokinins and gibberellins. The structure of PLB itself is almost immediately disrupted, and thylakoid and grana development is started in reaction to light: photosystem I activates within 15 minutes, photosystem II within 2 hours, and after approximately 3 hours an etioplast is completely converted into a functional chloroplast.
The transitional stage between an etioplast and a chloroplast which still contains small PLBs interconnected with developing thylakoids, but already has chlorophyll is sometimes called an "etio-chloroplast". Etioplasts were once thought to be laboratory artefacts not found in nature, but that has since been disproven: in cabbage heads, developing inner leaves contain etioplasts due to being shaded by outer leaves; seedlings that naturally germinate underground may also contain etioplasts.
# Chorismagrion

Chorismagrion is a monotypic genus of damselflies belonging to the family Synlestidae. The single species of this genus, Chorismagrion risi, known as a pretty relict, is a slender, medium-sized damselfly, mostly black in colour with white markings. It is endemic to north-eastern Australia, where it inhabits streams and large pools in rainforests.
# 2007 China Open

2007 China Open can refer to:
* 2007 China Open (tennis), a tennis tournament
* 2007 China Open Super Series, a badminton tournament
* China Open 2007 (snooker), a snooker tournament
# John Munn (Newfoundland politician)

John Munn (1807 – September 29, 1879) was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Conception Bay from 1842 to 1848 and Harbour Grace from 1869 to 1873 in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as a Conservative.
Mann was born at Port Bannatyne near Rothesay in Scotland, the son of Stewart Munn and Isabella Fisher, and came to St. John's in 1825. He worked there as a bookkeeper until 1833, when he moved to Harbour Grace and opened a business with Captain William Punton. The company became involved in the seal trade and shipbuilding. Munn married Naomi Munden in 1838. In the 1870s, Munn's company purchased Thomas Ridley's assets. He helped found the Union Bank and served as a director. He also owned the Harbour Grace Standard newspaper. Munn was named to the Legislative Council in 1855; he served until 1869. Munn died in England in 1879, in Southport, Lancashire. After his death, his company was taken over by his son, William Punton Munn, and nephew, Robert Stewart Munn. William Munn's son, John Shannon Munn (John Munn's grandson), was also prominent in Newfoundland business circles until his death in the wreck of the SS Florizel in 1918.
In 2016, John Munn was named a National Historic Person.
# List of mayors of Vesoul

This article lists the Mayors of Vesoul in chronological order from 1797 to today

## List of mayors

List of mayors.
List of mayors :
| Period | Name |
| 1797-1810 | Antoine de Mailly |
| 1813-1826 | Georges-Louis de Fyard |
| 1815-1825 | Jean-Claude Maire |
| 1826-1826 | Charles-François Levert |
| 1826-1829 | Nicolas Baulmont |
| 1829-1830 | Claude Petitclerc |
| 1830-1833 | Charles-Auguste Leroy de Lisa |
| 1833-1833 | Nicolas Courcelle |
| 1833-1835 | Alexandre Ébaudy de Fresnes |
| 1837-1848 | Nicolas Baulmont |
| 1848-1857 | Etienne Bernard Rossen |
| 1857-1866 | Henri François Frin |
| 1866-1870 | Jean-Charles, Augustin Petitclerc |
| 1870-1877 | Alphonse Noirot |
| 1871-1877 | Marie-Félix, Albert Grillet |
| 1877-1892 | Charles Emé Jules Meillier |
| 1892-1897 | Adolphe Despierres |
| 1897-1902 | Louis Joseph Émile Grillon |
| 1902-1904 | Harold Fachard |
| 1904-1908 | Jean Gustave Edmond Chaudey |
| 1908-1933 | Paul Morel |
| 1934-1940 | René Weil |
| 1940-1942 | René Hologne |
| 1942-1944 | Paul Heymes |
| 1944-1945 | René Weil |
| 1945-1946 | René Hologne |
| 1946-1947 | Georges Garret |
| 1947-1953 | Georges Ponsot |
| 1953-1977 | Pierre Renet |
| 1977-1989 | Pierre Chantelat |
| 1989-1995 | Loïc Niepceron |
| 1995-2012 | Alain Joyandet |
| 2012-ongoing | Alain Chrétien |
# Magonia (plant)

Magonia A.St.-Hil. is a plant genus in the family Sapindaceae, with a single currently accepted species, Magonia pubescens, a tropical tree native to South America. Magonia Vell. is a synonym of Ruprechtia, a genus in the family Polygonaceae.
# Battle of Taraca

The Battle of Taraca was fought in what is now Taraka, Lanao del Sur in the Philippines between the Moro people of Mindanao and the United States during the Philippine–American War.$^{:113}$ General Leonard Wood invited the region's datus to a peace conference, but the Sultan of Taraca, refused to attend. The Taraca River Valley was where most of the Lake Lanao Moros lived,$^{:113}$ the home of Datu Ampuanagus and Datu Duli the most daring warrior
Wood sent two infantry battalions and two cavalry troops to the mouth of the Taraca River.$^{:114}$ Col. Marion P. Maus' Third Battalion of the 22nd Infantry held the mouth of the river while Wood led a column overland. Maus' men used a Vickers-Maxim machine gun and a Gatling gun to capture a few cottas, inflicting 65 casualties on the Moros.$^{:115}$ Over the next week, Wood's men destroyed 130 cottas but failed to capture the Sultan.$^{:120}$
# Francesco Italia

Francesco Italia (born 11 September 1972 in Milan) is an Italian politician.
Italia ran as an independent for the office of Mayor of Syracuse at the 2018 Italian local elections, supported by a centre-left coalition. He won and took office on 27 June 2018.
# Eupithecia ovalle

Eupithecia ovalle is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Chile and/or Peru.
# Chinese submarine Changcheng 279

37°30′09″N 122°10′10″E﻿ / ﻿37.5025114°N 122.1695640°E﻿ / 37.5025114; 122.1695640
Changcheng 279 is a Type 033 submarine of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

## Development and design

Complete domestic production in China was achieved in 1967, and subsequently the project was renamed the Type 033. However, experience from deployment of completed boats in warmer climates proved that the original Soviet refrigeration and air conditioning system designed for subarctic and arctic area was woefully inadequate for subtropical and tropical regions, so redesigns were needed to improve refrigeration and air conditioning systems, and all boats to be stationed in tropical and subtropical regions went through such a refit. In September 1969 construction of new Type 033s, with improved air conditioning and refrigeration capability, began at Huangpu Shipyard in Guangzhou, eventually, 13 units were completed.

## Construction and career

She launched in 1980s and commissioned in 1980 into the East Sea Fleet.
Changzheng 279 was decommissioned in 2003 and serve as a museum ship in the port of Liugong Island, Shandong. After being converted into a museum, she is painted with a big 279 number on the shell.
# John Popham (died 1638)

John Popham (born 1603, died c. 1638) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1628 to 1629.
Popham was the first son of Sir Francis Popham of Littlecote House, Wiltshire, and his wife Anne Dudley, daughter of John Dudley of Stoke Newington. One source gives his birth year as 1605, while also stating the same year for his brother Alexander.
In 1628, he was elected Member of Parliament for Bath and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.
Popham died on 23 December 1637, predeceasing his father, and was buried at Littlecote with great pomp.
Popham married Mary Harvey, daughter of Sir Sebastian Harvey in 1621. It is said that on the restoration of Charles II, Sir Francis Popham and his son Alexander, John's brother, became so obnoxious that he excepted them both out of the general pardon. Thereupon John removed to Ireland and purchased the Bandon estates, County of Cork. His only son he significantly named Ichabod, "the glory is departed".