OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Creedmoor Rifle Range

Creedmoor Rifle Range was sited on Long Island in what is now Queens Village, Queens, New York.

## History

The range was established after the New York Legislature and the newly formed National Rifle Association of America (NRA) collaborated in 1872 to acquire 70 acres of farmland from Bernardus Hendrickson Creed (1811–1889) for long-distance rifle shooting and the holding of shooting competitions.
The range officially opened on June 21, 1873. The Central Railroad of Long Island established a railway station nearby, with trains running from Hunter's Point, with connecting boat service to 34th Street and the East River, allowing access from New York City.
In 1873, the NRA and the Creedmoor range benefitted greatly from the substantial publicity created when the Irish Rifle team, in that year the British champions having won the Elcho Shield, challenged the 'Riflemen of America' to a match at Creedmoor the following year. The Amateur Club accepted the challenge and won by a small margin.
In 1874, the Leech Cup was presented to the Amateur Rifle Club by Major Arthur Blennerhassett Leech, Captain of the visiting Irish Rifle Team and is thus the oldest trophy offered today in competitive target shooting in the United States. It was presented to the NRA in 1901 and was then annually awarded for long distance shooting by any rifle.
In 1875, the Wimbledon Cup was presented to the NRA by the British team on the occasion of the Americans shooting at Wimbledon, then the home of British rifle shooting. It was then annually awarded for 1000-yard shooting.
International competitions, organized by the NRA, were held annually at the range until 1891, after which a decline in interest and support caused them to be moved to the range at the National Guard Camp, Sea Girt, New Jersey under the auspices of the New Jersey State Rifle Association. The Creedmoor site reverted to the State of New York in 1907 and in 1912 became the Farm Colony of Brooklyn State Hospital. Today it is the site of the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center.
# Creedon

Creedon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cónal Creedon, Irish writer
* Dan Creedon (1868-1942), New Zealand middleweight boxer
* Dave Creedon (1919-2007), Irish hurler and footballer
* Eileen Creedon (born 1957), Irish judge
* John Creedon (born 1958), Irish broadcaster
* John J. Creedon (1924–2020), American business executive
* Johnny Creedon (1932–2019), Irish footballer
* Michael Creedon (Gaelic footballer) (born 1960), Irish footballer
* Peter Creedon, Irish football manager
* Tom Creedon (1954-1983), Irish footballer
# Critter

Critter may refer to:
* Critter (chess), a Slovak chess engine
* Critters (cellular automaton)
* Critters (comics), an anthology comic book published by Fantagraphics Books
* Critters (film series)
** Critters (film), the first film in the series
* Fearsome critters, legendary monsters said to live in North America
* The Critters, an American pop group
* The mascot and call sign of ValuJet Airlines
* A fan of the popular Dungeons and Dragons series Critical Role
* "The Critter", a Chinese pangolin
# Lists of endemic birds

This is a master list pertaining to lists of endemic birds. As applied to birds, the term "endemic" refers to any species found only within a defined geographical area. There is no upper limit for the area; it would not be incorrect to refer to all bird species as endemic to Earth. In practice, the largest areas for which the term is in common use are countries and geographical regions. An Endemic Bird Area (EBA), a term devised by BirdLife International, is a geographical (rather than political) region of the world that contains two or more restricted-range (of no more than 50,000km2) species, while a "secondary area" contains one restricted-range species.

## Endemic birds
### Palearctic

* Endemic birds of the Western Palearctic
* Endemic birds of Central Asia
* Endemic birds of Japan

### Afrotropical

* Endemic birds of eastern Africa
* Endemic birds of West and Central Africa
* Endemic birds of southern Africa
* Endemic birds of Madagascar and western Indian Ocean islands

### Indomalayan

* Endemic birds of the Indian Subcontinent
* Endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Endemic birds of the Himalayas
* Endemic birds of Southeast Asia
* Endemic birds of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java & Bali
* Endemic birds of Borneo
* Endemic birds of Sulawesi
* Endemic birds of the Philippines
* Endemic birds of Taiwan
* Endemic birds of Sri Lanka

### Australasia

* Endemic birds of Australia
* Endemic birds of New Guinea and neighbouring islands
* Endemic birds of New Zealand
* Endemic birds of New Caledonia

### Oceania

* Endemic birds of Hawaii

### Nearctic

* Endemic birds of eastern North America
* Endemic birds of western North America
* Endemic birds of the West Indies
* Endemic birds of Mexico and northern Central America

### Neotropical

* Endemic birds of southern Central America
* Endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands
* Endemic birds of northern South America
* Endemic birds of southern Atlantic islands
* Endemic birds of Colombia

## Endemic bird areas

* List of endemic bird areas of the world
* List of secondary endemic bird areas of the world
# Leucocnemis nivalis

Leucocnemis nivalis is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Leucocnemis nivalis is 10050.
# Lists of encyclopedias

For lists of encyclopedias, see:
* List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge
* List of encyclopedias by date
* List of encyclopedias by language
* List of online encyclopedias
# Children in Uniform

Children in Uniform (Gestern und heute) is a 1930 German play written by Christa Winsloe.
The play was originally produced in Leipzig under the title Knight Nerestan then in Berlin under the title Gestern und heute (Yesterday and Today).
The play was adapted into the film Mädchen in Uniform (1931) and the novel Das Mädchen Manuela (The Child Manuela) (1933).
The play was produced in London in 1932 and Ireland in 1934.

## Australian radio adaptation

The play was adapted for Australian radio in 1942, 1946, 1953 and 1958.
ABC Weekly, reviewing the 1946 version, said "It is a long time since a Sunday night play has given us so much of the real stuff of humanity, in such superb dramatic form."
Catherine Duncan won Best Actress at the 1946 Macquarie Awards for her performance in Children in Uniform.
# List of rulers of Lete (Malete)

Lete has been led by a Kgosikgolo, or a paramount chief, since its establishment in 1780. Mosadi Seboko has been the kgôsikgolo of Lete since 2002.

## List of Rulers of Balete (baMalete)

Territory located in present-day Botswana.
Kgosikgolo = Paramount Chief
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
| | Rulers before 1780 |
| c. 1470 | Badimo | |
| | Phatle | |
| | Malete | |
| c. 1500 | Lesokwana | |
| | Mokgware | |
| | Digope | |
| | Dira | |
| | Mmusi | |
| c. 1600 | Maphalaola | |
| | Maoke | |
| | Mongatane | |
| | Maio | |
| | Kgomo | |
| c. 1700 | Mokgwa | |
| | Marumo | |
| c. 1780 | Establishment of baMalete territory | Establishment of baMalete territory |
| ???? to c. 1780 | Pôwê I a Marumo, Kgôsikgolo | |
| c. 1780 to c.1805 | Mokgôjwe a Pôwê, acting Kgôsikgolo | |
| c.1805 to c.1830 | Pôwê II a Mokgôjwe, Kgôsikgolo | |
| c.1830 to 1886 | Mokgôsi I a Pôwê, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1886 to 1896 | Ikaneng a Mokgôsi, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1896 to 1906 | Mokgôsi II a Ikaneng, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1906 to 1917 | Baitlotle a Ikaneng, acting Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1917 to 1937 | Seboko I a Mokgôsi, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1937 to 1945 | Ketswerebothata a Mokgôsi, acting Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1945 to 1966 | Mokgôsi III a Seboko, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 1966 to 1996 | Kelemogile a Seboko, acting Kgôsikgolo (Kelemogile Mokgosi) | |
| 1 June 1996 to 17 June 2001 | Seboko II a Mokgôsi, Kgôsikgolo | |
| 17 June 2001 to 7 January 2002 | Tumelo a Seboko, acting Kgôsikgolo | |
| 7 January 2002 to present | Mosadi Seboko, Kgôsikgolo | First female kgôsikgolo of Lete |

## Sources

* http://www.rulers.org/botstrad.html
# Lexington, Carroll County, Indiana

Lexington is an unincorporated community in Democrat Township, Carroll County, Indiana.

## History

Lexington was laid out in 1835.
# Chionodes franclemonti

Chionodes franclemonti is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Jersey and Maine to Florida and Wisconsin.
The larvae feed on Helianthemum nashii and Hudsonia tomentosa.
# Lexington, Kansas

Lexington is a ghost town in Lexington Township, Clark County, Kansas, United States.

## History

A post office was established in Lexington in the 1880s, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1927.
# Chionodes gestor

Chionodes gestor is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona.
# Crofton Baronets of Mohill (1801)

The Crofton Baronetcy, of Mohill in the County of Leitrim, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 10 August 1801 for Morgan Crofton. The sixth Baronet was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 2nd Life Guards and fought in the Second Boer War, where he was severely wounded at the Relief of Ladysmith, and in the two world wars. His diaries from the First World War are published as Massacre of the Innocents: The Crofton Diaries, Ypres 1914–1915 (2004). Another member of the family, James Crofton, grandson of Morgan Crofton, third son of the first Baronet, was a Lieutenant-General in the Army.

## Crofton baronets, of Mohill (1801)

* Sir Morgan Crofton, 1st Baronet (1733–1802)
* Sir Hugh Crofton, 2nd Baronet (1763–1834)
* Sir Morgan George Crofton, 3rd Baronet (1788–1867)
* Sir Morgan George Crofton, 4th Baronet (1850–1900)
* Sir Hugh Denis Crofton, 5th Baronet (1878–1902)
* Sir Morgan George Crofton, 6th Baronet (1879–1958)
* Sir Patrick Simon Crofton, 7th Baronet (1936–1987)
* Sir (Hugh) Denis Crofton, 8th Baronet (1937–2016)
* Sir Edward Morgan Crofton, 9th Baronet (b.1945)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Henry Morgan Crofton (born 1979).
# Let Me Roll It

"Let Me Roll It" is a song by the British–American rock band Paul McCartney and Wings, released on their 1973 album Band on the Run. The song was also released as the B-side to "Jet" in early 1974, and has remained a staple of McCartney's live concerts since it was first released.

## Origin

The song's title was inspired by a quote from George Harrison's "I'd Have You Anytime", the opening track from his critically acclaimed All Things Must Pass. According to Ultimate Classic Rock contributor Nick DeRiso, John Lennon incorporated the riff from "Let Me Roll It" into his 1974 song "Beef Jerky". DeRiso rated it as Wings' 7th greatest song.
Alternatively, Rolling Stone's critic Jon Landau, saw the song as a pastiche of John Lennon's sound, particularly the riff and the use of tape echo on the vocals. McCartney, however, didn't intend the song to be a pastiche of Lennon. He did say the vocal "does sound like John. ... I hadn't realised I'd sung it like John."
The song has sometimes been described as an answer or response to Lennon's song "How Do You Sleep?", a stinging attack on McCartney on the 1971 Imagine album. However, Philip Norman's authorized biography Paul McCartney: The Life, recounts that in 1972 – after the release of Imagine and before the release of Band on the Run — McCartney and Lennon met and "agreed that slagging one another off, on albums or through the music press, was stupid and childish." Norman quotes Lennon as saying that Band on the Run was "a great album".

## Live performances

"Let Me Roll It" was performed regularly by Wings during their Over the World tour. McCartney performed the song again during his New World Tour, and it has been a part of every tour since. He has also included live versions of the song on several live albums, including Wings over America, Paul Is Live, Back in the U.S. (and Back in the World), and Good Evening New York City.

## Personnel

According to author Bruce Spizer:
* Paul McCartney – lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums
* Linda McCartney – backing vocals, organ
* Denny Laine – backing vocals, guitar
# Liberation Records

Liberation Records is an American record company based in the Los Angeles area known for do it yourself ethos and pioneering guerrilla marketing strategies. It was formed by then 16-year-old underground rock music fanzine publisher David Taba in 1994 out of his residence, simply as a hobby.
The label notably discovered and released the debut album of Home Grown but was best known for releasing compilation albums credited with advancing the careers of several young artists. The most memorable of the compilations, Punk Sucks and Ska Sucks, included tracks from then little known punk, pop-punk, and ska artists who would soon rise to fame internationally, including Sublime, Blink 182, Dance Hall Crashers, Less Than Jake, Hepcat, Millencolin, The Pietasters, Good Riddance, 88 Fingers Louie, The Bouncing Souls and Pennywise. The label has also released the cult classic "When Pregnasaurs Ruled the Earth" by Donuts N' Glory and reissued albums from Less Than Jake, The Queers, Screeching Weasel, The Vindictives, and Frenzal Rhomb, among others.
In the late 1990s, the label also spun off the indie rock and post-hardcore imprint New American Dream, which released music by the Icarus Line, Discount, Kind of Like Spitting, and Ink & Dagger.
# Liberty Township, Beltrami County, Minnesota

Liberty Township is a township in Beltrami County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 623 as of the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.1 km$^2$), of which 33.0 square miles (85.3 km$^2$) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km$^2$) (9.36%) is water.

### Major highway

* Minnesota State Highway 89

### Lakes

* Campbell Lake (vast majority)
* Deer Lake
* Ess Lake (vast majority)
* Lake Erick
* Long Lake
* Mud Lake
* Muskrat Lake (south quarter)
* Peterson Lake
* Pony Lake
* Ragged Lake
* Round Lake
* Wolf Lake

### Adjacent townships

* Maple Ridge Township (north)
* Durand Township (northeast)
* Turtle Lake Township (east)
* Northern Township (southeast)
* Eckles Township (south)
* Lammers Township (southwest)
* Buzzle Township (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains Trinity Cemetery.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 623 people, 232 households, and 181 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.9 inhabitants per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). There were 279 housing units at an average density of 8.5 per square mile (3.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.31% White, 2.09% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.
There were 232 households, out of which 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $45,391, and the median income for a family was $44,722. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $22,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,482. About 3.2% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Lithium metasilicate

Lithium metasilicate is an ionic compound with the formula Li$_2$SiO$_3$

## Preparation

Lithium metasilicate is prepared by the reaction of lithium carbonate and silicon dioxide at temperatures between 515 and 565 °C.

## Applications

The melting of lithium metasilicate is used for the calibration of thermocouples.
# Lithium methoxide

Lithium methoxide is a compound with formula LiCH$_3$O. It is the lithium salt of methanol. Like other alkali metal alkoxides, lithium methoxide adopts a polymeric structure Its solubility in common polar aprotic solvents like THF is low; however, it is soluble in methanol and is available commercially as a 10% solution.
# Lithium lactate

Lithium lactate is a chemical compound, a salt of lithium and lactic acid with the formula CH$_3$CH(OH)COOLi, an amorphous solid, very soluble in water.

## Synthesis

Synthesis is by neutralization of lactic acid with lithium hydroxide:
       LiOH + CH$_3$CH(OH)COOH → CH$_3$CH(OH)COOLi + H$_2$O

## Physical properties

Lithium lactate forms an amorphous solid.
It dissolves very well in water and organic solvents.
The compound demonstrates optical isomerism.
Lithium lactate emits acrid smoke when heated to decomposition.

## Chemical properties

Lithium lactate reacts with triphosgene to obtain lactic acid-O-internal anhydride. It can be used as a precursor to prepare Li$_4$SiO$_4$, Li$_4$Ti$_5$O$_{12}$/C and other materials.

## Use

Lithium lactate is part of drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid from the body.
It is also used as an Antipsychotic.
# Crenation

Crenation (from modern Latin crenatus meaning "scalloped or notched", from popular Latin crena meaning "notch") in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge.
The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where one mechanism of crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a hypertonic solution, due to the loss of water through osmosis.$^{:229–230}$ In a hypertonic environment, the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding extracellular fluid, and water diffuses out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to decrease in volume. As a result, the cell shrinks and the cell membrane develops abnormal notchings. Pickling cucumbers and salt-curing of meat are two practical applications of crenation.$^{:229}$
Plasmolysis is the term which describes plant cells when the cytoplasm shrinks from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment. In plasmolysis, the cell wall stays intact, but the plasma membrane shrinks and the chloroplasts of the plant cell concentrate in the center of the cell.

## Red blood cells

Crenation is also used to describe a feature of red blood cells. These erythrocytes look as if they have projections extending from a smaller central area, like a spiked ball. The crenations may be either large, irregular spicules of acanthocytes, or smaller, more numerous, regularly irregular projections of echinocytes. Acanthocytes and echinocytes may arise from abnormalities of the cell membrane lipids or proteins, or from other disease processes, or as an ex vivo artifact.
# Crossed Lines (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Age | |
| The Daily Telegraph | |
| Sunday Herald Sun | |
| Sydney Morning Herald | |
Crossed Lines is the second album by Australian rock band 78 Saab. It was released in October 2004.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Ben Nash and 78 Saab, except where noted
* "No Illusions" – 3:36
* "Cops" – 3:42
* "Beat of Your Drum" – 3:55
* "Come On" – 4:08
* "All a Lie" – 5:50
* "The City is Humming" (B. Nash, J. Andrews, 78 Saab) – 2:58
* "High Above the World" – 3:33
* "We All Get By" – 4:06
* "Saviour" (B. Nash, J. Andrews, 78 Saab) – 3:51
* "You and Your Friends" – 4:36
* "Know What You Want" – 2:14

## Personnel

* Jake Andrews – guitars, vocals, keyboards
* Nicholai Danko – drums, percussion
* Ben Nash – vocals, guitar
* Garth Tregillgas – bass

### Additional musicians

* Stu Hunter — keyboards
# Chipinge Central

Chipinge Central is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since the 2018 election is Raymore Machingura of ZANU–PF.

## Electoral history

In the 2008 parliamentary election the seat was won by the ZANU-PF candidate Chitima Alice Mwaemura defeating the MDC candidate from the Morgan Tsvangirai faction, Sithole Samson.
General Election 2008: Chipinge Central :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | ZANU–PF | Chitima Alice Mwaemura | 6377 | 52.11 |
| | MDC–T | Sithole Samson | 5862 | 47.89 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 515 | 4.22 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12239 | |
# 1998 Euro Beach Soccer Cup

The 1998 Euro Beach Soccer Cup was the first Euro Beach Soccer Cup, one of Europe's two major beach soccer championships at the time, held in September 1998, in Siracusa, Italy. Portugal won the championship, with Spain finishing second. Hosts Italy beat Germany in the third place play off to finish third and fourth respectively.
Seven nations participated in the tournament who were split into two groups of three and four, playing each other once in the groups. The second placed teams in each group played in a third place play off and the winners of each group played in a final match to decide the winner of the tournament.

## Participating nations

* France
* Germany
* Italy
* Portugal
* Spain
* Switzerland
* Yugoslavia

## Group stage
### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | W+ | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Portugal | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 8 | +16 | 9 |
| Germany | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 3 |
| France | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 20 | -8 | 3 |
| Switzerland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 21 | -8 | 3 |
| Qualified for final | Qualified for third place play off |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | W+ | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Spain | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | +4 | 6 |
| Italy | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | +2 | 3 |
| Yugoslavia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 10 | -6 | 0 |
| Qualified for final | Qualified for third place play off |

## Winners

* 1998 Euro Beach Soccer Cup Winners:
* Portugal First title

## Final standings

| Rank | Team |
| 1 | Portugal |
| 2 | Spain |
| 3 | Italy |
| 4 | Germany |
| 5 | France |
| 6 | Switzerland |
| 7 | Yugoslavia |
# Crockham

Crockham may refer to the following places in England:
* Crockham Heath, village in Berkshire
* Crockham Hill, village in the Sevenoaks district of Kent