OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deep ocean water

Deep ocean water (DOW) is the name for cold, salty water found in the deep sea, starting at 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of Earth's oceans. Ocean water differs in temperature and salinity. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters; in polar regions, the upper layers of ocean water are cold and fresh. Deep ocean water makes up about 90% of the volume of the oceans. Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature, around 0–3 °C (32–37 °F), and a salinity of about 3.5% or, as oceanographers state, 35‰ (parts per thousand).
In specialized locations, such as the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii, ocean water is pumped to the surface from approximately 900 m (3,000 ft) deep for applications in research, commercial and pre-commercial activities. DOW is typically used to describe ocean water at sub-thermal depths sufficient to provide a measurable difference in water temperature.
When deep ocean water is brought to the surface, it can be used for a variety of things. Its most useful property is its temperature. At the surface of the Earth, most water and air is well above 3 °C. The difference in temperature is indicative of a difference in energy. Where there is an energy gradient, skillful application of engineering can harness that energy for productive use by humans.
The simplest use of cold water is for air conditioning: using the cold water itself to cool air saves the energy that would be used by the compressors for traditional refrigeration. Another use could be to replace expensive desalination plants. When cold water passes through a pipe surrounded by humid air, condensation results. The condensate is pure water, suitable for humans to drink or for crop irrigation. Via a technology called ocean thermal energy conversion, the temperature difference can be used to run a heat engine to generate electricity.

## Cold-bed agriculture

A potential indirect use of cold ocean water is "cold-bed agriculture". During condensation or ocean thermal energy conversion operations, the water does not reach ambient temperature, because a certain temperature gradient is required to make these processes viable. The water leaving those operations is therefore still colder than the surroundings, and a further benefit can be extracted by passing this water through underground pipes, thereby cooling agricultural soil. This reduces evaporation, and even causes water to condense from the atmosphere. This allows agricultural production where crops would normally not be able to grow. This technique is sometimes referred to as "cold agriculture" or "cold-bed agriculture".
# Deerhurst, Delaware

Deerhurst is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Deerhurst is located between U.S. Route 202, Delaware Route 261, and Murphy Road near Fairfax.

## Notable people

* John J. Brady, a Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame coach and sportswriter, lived in Deerhurst
# Dechmont Law

Disambiguation: the name Dechmont, and an associated "Dechmont Hill" are also places near Cambuslang in Scotland
Dechmont Law is a hill in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. It lies around 700 yards southwest of the village of Dechmont, which provides its name. It is known locally as "Decky Hill" or as "Dechmont Hill" (Law is Lowland Scots for "hill"). "Deer Hill" is another peak of the same hill, to the northeast of the main peak.
It is the highest hill in the Livingston area, and Arthur's Seat and the Pentland Hills can be seen from here, as well as a view down the Almond valley.

## Geology

Dechmont Law is a volcanic plug.

## History

The slopes show signs of agricultural terracing, from the Bronze and Iron Age, but it is unclear whether it was ever a hillfort. Its strategic position makes this likely, but there is insufficient archaeological evidence.

### The "Livingston Incident"

In 1979, forestry worker Bob Taylor had an alleged encounter with a UFO in the area of Dechmont Law.

### Rory Blackhall murder

In 2005, the body of 11 year old Rory Blackhall was found under an old, upside-down, two-person tent in woodland west of Dechmont Law. Rory's body was discovered after a methodical two hour search by a Countryside Ranger who knew the area well. Two mountain rescue members and a rescue dog, searching independently, were at the same spot a few minutes later. The Ranger helped the police to secure the area. The case has since closed, the murder suspect having committed suicide.
# Dechmia

Dechmia is a town and commune in Bouïra Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 7,466.
# Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.129, beta-carotene 3,3'-monooxygenase, CrtZ) is an enzyme with systematic name beta-carotene,NADH:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 H$^+$ + 2 O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ zeaxanthin + 2 NAD$^+$ + 2 H$_2$O (overall reaction)
    (1a) beta-carotene + NADH + H$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ beta-cryptoxanthin + NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O
    (1b) beta-cryptoxanthin + NADH + H$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ zeaxanthin + NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O
Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase requires ferredoxin and Fe(II).
# Bert Jameson

Bert Desmond Jameson was an Anglican priest in the 20th century.
An Australian, Jameson was educated at Moore Theological College. He was ordained deacon in 1945, and priest in 1946. After curacies in Westport and Nelson he held incumbencies at Ahaura, Brunerton and Tākaka. He was the Archdeacon of Māwhera from 1961 until 1970; and of Waimea from 1971 to 1978.
* Biography
* Christianity
* New Zealand
* Australia
# Biathlon World Championships 1976

The 14th Biathlon World Championships held in 1976 in Antholz-Anterselva, Italy were only for the 10 km sprint because this event was not part of the Olympic programme in Innsbruck.

## Men's results
### 10 km sprint

| Name | Nation | Penalties | Result |
| Alexander Tikhonov | URS | 4 | 36:48.2 |
| Aleksandr Elizarov | URS | 1 | 36:51.5 |
| Nikolay Kruglov | URS | 2 | 37:19.9 |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
# Best Trip Ever

Best. Trip. Ever. is a Canadian television special, which aired November 27, 2010 on Discovery Channel Canada. Filmed by Castlewood Productions in the summer following Jon Montgomery's gold-medal skeleton performance at the 2010 Winter Olympics, the special featured Montgomery and his friends Darla Deschamps, Kelly Forbes and Sarah Reid on a road trip to try out various other adventure sports, including kite surfing, uphill endurance sprinting and extreme mountain biking, in various locations around British Columbia.
The program was originally conceived as a series, although only the one special was ultimately produced or aired.
The special received three Gemini Award nominations at the 26th Gemini Awards in 2011, for Best Reality Series, Best Photography in an Information Program or Series (Marlon Paul and Scott Wilson) and Best Picture Editing in an Information Program or Series (Clark Masters and Richard Rotter). It won the award for Best Picture Editing.
# Beuvrigny

Beuvrigny (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Betty (surname)

Betty is the surname of:
* Garry Betty (1957–2007), President and CEO of EarthLink, a large American Internet service provider
* Master Betty (1791–1874), English child actor William Henry West Betty
* Nia Faith Betty (born 2001), Canadian activist and fashion designer
* Queen Betty, early 18th century Native American tribal chief
* Sam Betty (born 1986), English rugby union player
# Bhim Bahadur Dewan

Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan was the leading section commander of 1/11 Gorkha Rifles under Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, who was tasked to capture "Khalubar South" on 3 July 1999. He was awarded Vir Chakra (posthumously) for his contribution in Operation Vijay against Pakistani Army

## Vir Chakra Citation

The citation for the Vir Chakra reads as follows
   Gazette Notification : 63 Pres/2000, 26.1.2000
   Operation: - Date of Award: 26 Aug 2000
   Citation:
   Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan was the leading section commander under Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, which was tasked to capture "Khalubar South" on 3 July 1999. After a long and tiring climb of seven hours the column reached the objective and came under fire from all surrounding heights including from area bunkers. Captain Pandey was tasked to clear the enemy position, which comprised a total of 6 bunkers. Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan's section was asked to assault the right two bunkers. Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan assaulted the first bunker by firing and lobbing grenades and killed two enemy personnel inside and thereafter moved on to the second bunker. He then led the assault onto the second bunker and after a firefight lasting over an hour he finally captured the bunker killing two enemy personnel. Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan was injured while clearing the second bunker but without caring for his grievous injury continued to exhort and inspire his section to clear the bunker. He finally succumbed to his injuries in the battlefield. During this operation the enemy suffered eleven dead and also left behind a large number of weapons and ammunition including two heavy machine guns, one 12.7 inch machine guns, three G3 Rifles, large quantity of ammunition, radio equipment and documents. Havildar Bhim Bahadur Dewan displayed courage and gallantry of the highest order in the true traditions of the Indian Army

## Legacy

In the movie LOC Kargil, he was portrayed by Bollywood actor Puru Raaj Kumar.
# Bhajpa Ki Baat

Bhajpa Ki Baat is a predominantly Indian political news website and magazine. It is the official magazine of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Haryana. Its first edition was published dated on 1 October 2000 from state unit office under the editorial board of Rattan Lal Kataria, Manohar Lal Khattar & O. P. Dhankar. Pawan Pandit is currently serving as the editor-in-chief from 2020.

## First editorial board

| Years | Name |
| 2000–2003 | Rattan Lal Kataria |
| 2000–2010 | Manohar Lal Khattar |
| 2002–2003 | O. P. Dhankar |
# Bhajpura

Bhajpura is a village and gram panchayat in Salarpur block, Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its village code is 128326. According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 460 out of 233 are males and 227 are females.
# Big Cone

Big Cone is a geyser in the West Thumb Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Big Cone is a 7 metres (23 ft) wide sinter cone that rises from Yellowstone Lake about 7 metres (23 ft) from the shoreline. The vent of the cone is 80 centimetres (31 in) wide. At times of increased water level in the lake, the cone may be submerged completely. Big Cone is known to undergo rare eruptions 1 foot high or less.
# Big Mountain

Big Mountain may refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Big Mountain Air Force Station, Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
** Big Mountain, Alaska, the location of the Air Force station
* Big Mountain, Arizona, another name for Black Mesa, Arizona
* Big Mountain (Broadwater County, Montana), a mountain in Broadwater County, Montana
* Big Mountain (Flathead County, Montana), a mountain in Flathead County, Montana
* Big Mountain (Jefferson County, Montana), a mountain in Jefferson County, Montana
* Big Mountain (Madison County, Montana), a mountain in Madison County, Montana
* The Big Mountain, a ski resort in Montana
* Big Mountain (Oklahoma), a mountain ridge in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
* Big Mountain (Pennsylvania), a mountain ridge in Pennsylvania
* Big Mountain Pass, a mountain pass in Utah

## Entertainment

* Big Mountain (band), an American reggae band
* Big Mountain 2000, a video game
* Big Mountain Short Film Festival, held in Ohakune, New Zealand
* Big Mountain, the main location of the Old World Blues add-on for the action role-playing game Fallout: New Vegas

## Other

* Big mountain skiing, a type of freestyle skiing
* Big mountain palm, Hedyscepe canterburyana
# Bian Shoumin

Bian Shoumin (Chinese: 边寿民; 1684–1752; original name Bian Weiqi [Chinese: 边维祺]), courtesy name as Yi-gong (颐公) or Jian-seng (漸僧), sobriquet as Weijian Laoren (苇间老人, or "Old man among Reeds"), is a famed Chinese painter in Qing Dynasty. A native Shanyang (now Huai'an), he was one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" and famous for painting wild geese, which gains a name Bianyan (边雁, or "Bian geese").
# Big and Little Indian Rock Petroglyphs

Big and Little Indian Rock Petroglyphs is a prehistoric archaeological site located at Conestoga Township in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It consists of two large rocks located in the Susquehanna River. Big Indian Rock is 60 feet by 40 feet, and has carvings on all sides. The Little Indian Rock measures 38 feet by 32 feet and has carvings on the north side. The petroglyphs were first studied in 1934, and are believed to be by an Algonquian tribe.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Bill Briggs

Bill Briggs may refer to:
* Bill Briggs (skier) (born 1931), American extreme skier and director of the Great American Ski School, Jackson, Wyoming
* Bill Briggs (defensive end) (born 1943), former American football defensive end
* Bill Briggs (American football coach) (born 1953/4), American football coach in the United States
* Bill Briggs (Canadian football) (1925–2000), Canadian football player
# Bill of peace

A bill of peace was an English court practice used in the 17th and 18th centuries for legal disputes involving multiple parties that shared common aspects. It allowed the English Court of Chancery to settle the rights of parties, a group known as the "multitude", in one suit, in equity court.
If the equity court allowed the matter to proceed as a bill of peace, the results of the suit would bind all members of the multitude, whether they actually appeared in the case or not.
The bill was limited until 1873 to equitable relief, including an injunction, an accounting or a type of declaratory judgment called a decree. It could not be used for monetary relief and in this respect was similar to a representative action.
The practice was also used in the United States in mass tort or similar situations in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Justice Joseph Story, who served on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1811 to 1845, advocated the development of the bill of peace in the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States used the bill of peace concepts in development of the implementation of class action litigation. This evolution continued with Federal Equity Rule 48, in place in the United States from 1842 to 1912, which provided for a class action.
The origins of the bill of peace practices, as well as class action lawsuits, may be centuries earlier, beginning as early as 1309 in the decisions of the English quasi-judicial counsel then known as the General Eyre.
# Bill Pattinson

Bill or William Pattinson may refer to:
* Bill Pattinson (rugby league, born 1945), English rugby league player
* Bill Pattinson (rugby league, born 1954), English rugby league player
* William Frederick Pattinson, Australian doctor and businessman
# Bill Patterson (footballer, born 1888)

William Patterson (15 September 1888 – 17 September 1956) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Patterson made 11 appearances for St Kilda, with the only win coming against University. Following his retirement from football, Patterson became head trainer of St Kilda and during the 1938 VFL season he took over from Ansell Clarke as coach of St Kilda for a game against North Melbourne at Arden Street. St Kilda lost 12.11 (83) to 7.15 (57).
# Boris Sirpo

Boris Osipovich Sirpo (April 3, 1893 - January 25, 1967) was a Russian-born Finnish violinist, conductor, composer, and music educator. He was the founder of the now Lahti Conservatory in Lahti, Finland, as well as the Portland Chamber Orchestra.

## Early life and education

Boris Sirpo was born as Boris Osipovich Kaufman in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia, Russia, on April 3, 1893. He studied music throughout Europe, including under Jean Sibelius, before making his debut in the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra in 1912.

## Early career

Sirpo established the Viipuri Conservatory ("Viipurin Musiikkiopisto") in Vyborg in 1918, and served as its director until 1939. During this time, Sirpo became acquainted with many famous violinists of the time, including Bronislaw Huberman, whom the Viipuri Chamber Orchestra toured with in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Brussels, Belgium, and Paris, France, in the spring of 1932.

## World War II and move to the United States

One of Sirpo's most famous students was Heimo Haitto; Sirpo took him as not only a student but also a foster son. With the advent of the Winter War, the Viipuri Conservatory was destroyed, and Sirpo and Haitto left the city of Vyborg and emigrated to the United States, arriving on March 13, 1940. According to Greta Sirpo, Boris Sirpo's wife, Boris Sirpo and Haitto grew increasingly distant as Haitto toured the United States with famous American conductors, and the Haitto grew distant with Sirpo when his foster contract ended.
Greta and Boris Sirpo moved to Portland in October 1941, where Boris began to teach lessons. In 1945, he accepted a position at the Lewis & Clark College. In 1946, Sirpo founded the Portland Chamber Orchestra, the oldest chamber orchestra in the United States. He also founded the all-female Little Portland Chamber Orchestra in 1953, which toured across Europe.

## Later life and death

Greta Sirpo died in Portland in December 1955; Boris Sirpo remarried his former student, Gretchen Sirpo.
Sirpo became a naturalized American citizen in the late 1950s.
Sirpo died on January 25, 1967, in Portland, Oregon, at the age of 73.

## Legacy

The Viipuri Conservatory that Sirpo established was rebuilt and relocated to the city of Lahti, Finland, after World War II. It is now the Lahti Conservatory ("Lahden Konserttitalo"); Sirpo-Hall in the Lahti Conservatory is named after him.

## Awards and honors

During his lifetime, Boris Sirpo received the following awards and honors:
* Commander of the Order of Saint Stanislaus
* First Class Knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
Sirpo was awarded a honorary Doctor of Music degree from Lewis & Clark College in 1963.
# KdtA

KdtA may refer to:
* Lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase, an enzyme
* (KDO)2-lipid IVA (2-8) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase, an enzyme
* (KDO)3-lipid IVA (2-4) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase, an enzyme
# Dirck Hals

Dirck Hals (19 March 1591 – 17 May 1656), born at Haarlem, was a Dutch Golden Age painter of merry company scenes, festivals and ballroom scenes. He played a role in the development of these types of genre painting. He was somewhat influenced by his elder brother Frans Hals, but painted few portraits.

## Biography

According to Houbraken he was the brother of the painter Frans Hals and was specialized in small paintings of "conversation pieces" or "merry companies" (Dutch: Gezelschapjes), scenes of small groups drinking and enjoying themselves. The Haarlem writer Samuel Ampzing mentions both brothers in his Praise of Haarlem with a poem stating that both brothers were exceptional; Frans painting his portraits "awake", and Dirck painting his figures "purely".
According to the RKD he worked in Leiden in 1641 and 1648, and was an influence on the painters Nathaniel Bacon, Johann Hulsman, and Willem Cornelisz Duyster. His son Anthonie also became a painter. He was buried in the Waalse Kerk (Haarlem).
# Catherine Booth (disambiguation)

Catherine Booth (1829–1890) was the co-founder of The Salvation Army with her husband William Booth.
Catherine Booth may also refer to:
* Katie Booth (1858–1955), English Salvationist and evangelist, daughter of the above
* Catherine Bramwell-Booth (1883–1987), English Salvation Army officer, granddaughter of Catherine Booth
* Catherine Booth Hospital, Indian hospital run by The Salvation Army, named after Catherine Booth
# Marcello Figolino

Marcello Figolino (born c. 1430) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in his natal city of Vicenza, where he painted an Adoration of the Magi for San Bartolomeo, and a Madonna and child with saints for San Francesco. He also painted an altarpiece for San Tomasso.

## Sources

* Farquhar, Maria (1855). Ralph Nicholson Wornum (ed.). Biographical catalogue of the principal Italian painters. London: Woodfall & Kinder. p. 62.
# Dump charging

Dump charging is a method of charging an electric vehicle's battery pack at a higher rate than is possible with standard grid connections and battery chargers. High capacity grid connections such as those found at businesses and industry buildings with high demands can also approach these power levels. The method uses a large stationary or mobile battery pack which can be used to transfer energy at a high rate to the vehicle's battery. A charger or a wire can be used to regulate the power flow from a higher voltage battery into the lower voltage of the vehicle's battery. Dump charging was a precursor used by BEV drag racers at the race track in the 1990s to rapidly refuel a car between quarter mile runs. It could be considered an early version of direct current fast charge (DCFC) such as CHAdeMO, CCS, or Tesla Supercharger used to refuel a BEV's battery as rapidly as possible, limited only by the battery chemistry and thermal management systems. This method is commonly used during road trips in production BEVs to refuel in under a half an hour for a few hundred miles of additional range. Modern DCFC installations often leverage a large capacity stationary battery to reduce high cost demand charges from grid connections.
# Dehradun–Amritsar Express

The 14631 / 14632 Dehradun-Amritsar Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways - Northern Railway zone that runs between Dehradun and Amritsar Junction in India.
It operates as train number 14631 from Dehradun to Amritsar Junction and as train number 14632 in the reverse direction serving the four states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab.

## History

Before Partition, this train was used to run Between Lahore and Dehradun as Lahori Express but shortened up to Amritsar after Partition

## Coaches

The 14631 / 32 Dehradun Amritsar Express presently has 2 AC 3 tier, 8 Sleeper Class, 4 General Unreserved & 2 SLR (Seating cum Luggage Rake) coaches. It does not carry a Pantry car coach.
As is customary with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

## Service

The 14631 Dehradun Amritsar Express covers the distance of 463 kilometres in 12 hours 25 mins [39.40 km/h (24 mph)] & in 12 hours 30 mins as 14632 Amritsar Dehradun Express [38.58 km/h (24 mph)].

## Routeing

The 14631 / 32 Dehradun - Amritsar Express runs from Dehradun via Haridwar Junction, Laksar Junction, Saharanpur Junction, Ambala Cantonment Junction, Ludhiana Junction to Amritsar Junction.
It reverses direction of travel at Laksar Junction.

## Traction

As the route is electrified, it is hauled by a Ghaziabad Loco Shed based WAP-7 electric locomotive on its entire journey.

## Timings

14631 Dehradun Amritsar Express leaves Dehradun on a daily basis at 19:00 hrs IST and reaches Amritsar Junction at 07:30 hrs IST the next day.
14632 Amritsar Dehradun Express leaves Amritsar Junction on a daily basis at 22:10 hrs IST and reaches Dehradun at 10:35 hrs IST the next day.
# Discodoris pliconoto

Discodoris pliconoto is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from the island of Sal, Cape Verde. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

## Description

Discodoris pliconoto is a large dorid nudibranch, growing to at least 80 mm in length. It is cream-white in colour with diffuse spots of pale brown.