OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liu Guanglong

Liu Guanglong (born 1958) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in north China's Shanxi. He was investigated by the Chinese Communist Party's anti-graft agency in December 2014. Previously he served as the Vice-Chairman of Lüliang Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Life and career

Liu was born and raised in Wenshui County, Shanxi.
He began his political career in September 1982, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in September 1984.
After graduating from Shanxi University in 1982 he was assigned to Lüliang as an officer.
In April 1990, he was appointed the head of Organization Department of Jiaokou County, and concurrently served as a Standing Committee of the Jiaokou County Committee.
In February 2001 he was promoted to become the Deputy Communist Party Secretary and County Governor of Fangshan County, he remained in that positions until February 2003, when he was transferred to Lishi and appointed the Deputy Communist Party Secretary and mayor.
From October 2008 he served as Deputy Communist Party Secretary and Party Branch Secretary of Fenyang. One mouth later, he was named acting mayor.
In August 2009 he was promoted to become the Communist Party Secretary of Zhongyang County, a position he held until March 2013, while he was appointed the Vice-Chairman of Lüliang Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Downfall

In December 2014, he was being investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for "serious violations of laws and regulations".
On June 5, 2015, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and removed from public office.
# Ada (ship)

Ada was a wooden ketch that was wrecked on the Oyster Bank at Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

## Wreck

On 29 April 1897, Ada missed stays at Broken Bay, near Newcastle's Oyster Bank, and ran aground. She was later dismantled.
# Covent Garden, Cambridge

Covent Garden is a street in Cambridge, England, off Mill Road and near The Kite district. The street takes its name from the London market of the same name as there used to be a market garden there.
The street has one pub The Six Bells, where cricketer Israel Haggis was landlord from 1837 to 1844.

## Blue plaques

Blue plaques have been created for each of the 44 houses, recording highlights of the residents' history such as the tailor, Frederick Scriven, who lived at number 9 for 47 years and whose assistant was hanged for murder in 1876.
# Laken (disambiguation)

Laken is the Dutch spelling of Laeken, a suburb of Brussels.
Laken may also refer to:
* Laken La, a mountain pass in Tibet
* Thomas Laken (born 1972), Vanuatuan politician
* William Laken (died 1475), English serjeant-at-law and judge
* Laken Lockridge, a character on the American soap opera Santa Barbara
* Laken Riley (2002–2024), American nursing student and murder victim
# Frank L. Kluckhohn

Frank L. Kluckhohn (November 24, 1907 – October 2, 1970) was an author and journalist.

## Career

He studied at the University of Minnesota and Spain's Centro de Estudios Historicos. Kluckhohn began his journalistic career with The St. Paul Dispatch as a sports reporter while still a student, later becoming a general reporter at the paper.
Joining The New York Times, he served as the newspaper's correspondent reporting from over 70 countries between 1929 and 1947.
Reporting on the Spanish Civil War, Kluckhohn was first to report on the German intervention when aircrews entered the hotel he was in at Seville.
Kluckhohn reported on the activities of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the year before the Pearl Harbor attack.
During the Second World War, he reported from both the European and Pacific Theatres, including coverage of the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, Kluckhohn along with Hugh Baillie, became the first American journalists to interview Emperor Hirohito. Kluckhohn did not bow to the Emperor but shook his hand. He was told that he was possibly the first person to do this in 2600 years.
Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson honored war correspondents, including Kluckhohn, at an event in Washington, on November 23, 1946.
After the war, Kluckhohn covered events in South America between 1945 and 1947 with particular focus on Argentina and Juan Perón.
Leaving the newspaper business, he then became an advisor to the Secretary of Defense (1948), IBM World Trade Corporation executive (1950) and handled publicity for the Republican National Committee (1952). Continuing his political activity, he was an advisor to the Department of State (1955–61) and was on the staff of Congress (1961).
Kluckhohn acted as director of CEASE (Committee to End Aid to the Soviet Enemy) and the Press Ethics Committee. The committee looked to root our bias in news reporting and editing.
He died at King's Daughters Hospital following a traffic accident.
# AX

An ax (or axe) is a tool or weapon.
AX, Ax, or ax may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Ax (manga)
* Ax (wrestler)
* Larry "The Ax" Hennig, another wrestler
* Anime Expo, an anime convention
* Aximili-Esgarrouth-Isthill, a fictional Animorphs character
* Ax, Ernie Colón's Marvel graphic novel

## Businesses

* Armani Exchange or A|X, fashion line
* Trans States Airlines (IATA code AX)
* Nippon TV, a Japanese television from its code sign "JOAX-DTV"

## Places

* Åland (ISO 3166-1 country code AX)
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia (FIPS 10-4 code AX)

## Technology

* .ax, the Internet top-level domain of Åland
* Citroën AX, a French subcompact car
* AX register, a general-purpose 16-bit X86 register
* AX architecture, a Japanese computing initiative to allow PCs to handle Japanese text via special hardware
* Microsoft Dynamics AX, an enterprise resource planning tool
* IEEE 802.11ax, a standard for wireless local area networks, marketed as Wi-Fi 6.

## People with the surname Ax

* Emanuel Ax (born 1949), American concert pianist
* James Ax (1937–2006), American mathematician
* Patrick Ax (born 1979), Dutch footballer
* Peter Ax (1927–2013), German zoologist
# Lucie Guérin

Lucie Guérin (11 August 1900 – 13 June 1973) was a French politician. She was elected to the National Assembly in 1945 as one of the first group of French women in parliament. She served in the National Assembly until 1951.

## Biography

Guérin was born Lucie Augustine Couillebault in the Graville-Sainte-Honorine area of Le Havre. She married Roger Guérin in 1923, with whom she had two children, and worked as a teacher.
A member of the French Communist Party (PCF), she was part of the French Resistance during World War II. On 1 December 1941 she was arrested by the Nazi authorities and sentenced to eight years of hard labour. She was imprisoned in Rennes until 1944, after which she was transferred to Ravensbrück concentration camp, from which she was liberated in May 1945. However, her daughter Claudine was murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943.
After the war, Guérin was a PCF candidate in Seine-Inférieure in the 1945 elections to the National Assembly. Placed second on the PCF list, she was one of 33 women elected. She was re-elected in the June and November 1946 elections as the second-placed candidate on the PCF list, serving until losing her seat in the 1951 elections. She also served on the departmental council of Seine-Inférieure from 1945 to 1949, and as a municipal councillor in Rouen from 1953 to 1959, after which she retired.
She died in Fleury-Mérogis in 1973.
# Brigada S

Brigada S (Брига́да С) was a Soviet/Russian rock band fronted by Garik Sukachov which played dynamic mix of rough rock and roll, reggae and rhythm and blues marked by the effective use of the brass section. Formed in 1984 the self-described "proletarian jazz orchestra" released five albums (first two on tape), toured the United States (1988) and appeared in Savva Kulish's film The Tragedy in Rock (1988). In 1989 the participated in the Moscow Music Peace Festival which brought hard rock and metal acts from the United States and Europe to perform alongside Russian bands. They broke up in 1993. After the band's demise, Garik Sukachov went on to front Neprikasayemye (The Untouchables), while guitarist Sergey Galanin formed SerGa.

## The original line-up

* Garik Sukachov - vocals, acoustic guitar
* Sergey Galanin - bass guitar, backing vocals
* Alexander Goryachev - guitar
* Lev Andreyev - keyboards
* Karen Sarkisov - percussion
* Igor Yartsev - drums
* Leonid Chelyapov - saxophone
* Igor Markov - trumpet
* Yevgeny Korotkov - trumpet
* Maxim Likhachyov - trombone

## Discography

* Добро пожаловать в запретную зону (Welcome to the Forbidden Zone, 1988, tape)
* Ностальгическое танго (The Nostalgic Tango, 1989)
* Аллергии — нет! (Say No! to Allergy, 1991)
* Всё это рок-н-ролл (All This Is Rock and Roll, 1991)
* Реки (Rivers, 1993)
# Canton of Vic-sur-Aisne

The canton of Vic-sur-Aisne is an administrative division in northern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 25 to 50 communes:
* Ambleny
* Audignicourt
* Barisis-aux-Bois
* Berny-Rivière
* Besmé
* Bichancourt
* Bieuxy
* Blérancourt
* Bourguignon-sous-Coucy
* Camelin
* Champs
* Cœuvres-et-Valsery
* Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique
* Coucy-la-Ville
* Crécy-au-Mont
* Cutry
* Dommiers
* Épagny
* Folembray
* Fontenoy
* Fresnes-sous-Coucy
* Guny
* Jumencourt
* Landricourt
* Laversine
* Leuilly-sous-Coucy
* Manicamp
* Montigny-Lengrain
* Morsain
* Mortefontaine
* Nouvron-Vingré
* Pernant
* Pont-Saint-Mard
* Quierzy
* Quincy-Basse
* Ressons-le-Long
* Saconin-et-Breuil
* Saint-Aubin
* Saint-Bandry
* Saint-Christophe-à-Berry
* Saint-Paul-aux-Bois
* Saint-Pierre-Aigle
* Selens
* Septvaux
* Tartiers
* Trosly-Loire
* Vassens
* Verneuil-sous-Coucy
* Vézaponin
* Vic-sur-Aisne
# Chippy Simmons

Charles "Chippy" Simmons (9 September 1878 – 12 December 1937) was an English footballer who played as a centre-forward.
He played in the Football League for West Bromwich Albion and Chesterfield Town.

## Biography

Simmons was born in West Bromwich and turned professional with West Bromwich Albion in April 1898. On 3 September 1900 Simmons became the first Albion player to score at The Hawthorns, when he equalised Derby County player Steve Bloomer's goal in a 1–1 draw. He moved to West Ham United for £700 in July 1904 and made 34 league apps scoring 8 goals (1 FA cup app, 0 goals), but returned to Albion for £600 just ten months later. He joined Chesterfield Town in March 1907 and went on to play for Wellington Town and Canadian side Royal Rovers. He died in Wednesbury in 1937. He became the top scorer in First Division 1901–02 by scoring 23 goals.
# Montboillon

Montboillon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Dent, Idaho

Dent is an unincorporated community in Clearwater County, Idaho.

## History

A post office called Dent was established in 1896, and remained in operation until 1954. One Mr. Dent, an early postmaster, gave the community his last name.
# Lakkad

Lakkad is a village development committee in Dhanusa District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,510 persons living in 639 individual households.
# 2008–09 Lithuanian Hockey League season

The 2008–09 Lithuanian Hockey League season was the 18th season of the Lithuanian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Lithuania. Four teams participated in Group A of the league, and SC Energija won the championship. Group B, which consisted of six teams, was won by LRK Kedainiai.

## Group A

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | SC Energija | 14 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102:33 | 36 |
| 2. | SM Poseidonas Elektrenai | 14 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 56:51 | 18 |
| 3. | Sporto Centras Elektrenai | 14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 39:69 | 13 |
| 4. | Pioner Kaliningrad | 14 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 25:69 | 5 |

## Group B

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | LRK Kedainai | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 84:17 | 27 |
| 2. | Stumbras Kaunas | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 96:14 | 24 |
| 3. | Sparnai LRK Kaunas | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 59:39 | 18 |
| 4. | Velniai Kaunas | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 23:82 | 6 |
| 5. | Suduva Marijampole | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18:70 | 4 |
| 6. | Olympas Panevezys | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 18:84 | 2 |
# List of Sudanese artists

"Notable" added as a qualifier IOT exclude names lacking a WP article The following list of Sudanese artists (in alphabetical order by last name) includes artists of various genres, who are notable and are either born in Sudan, of Sudanese descent or who produce works that are primarily about that country.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also

## A

* Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah, photojournalist
* Khalid Albaih (born 1980), political cartoonist, activist, and journalist
* Ola Alsheikh, documentary photographer
* Mohamed Altoum, documentary photographer

## B

* Salih Basheer (born 1995), photographer

## D

* Assil Diab, painter, graphic designer, and graffiti artist
* Rashid Diab (born 1957), modern painter, educator, and art historian

## E

* Amna Elhassan (born 1988), painter, printmaker

## I

* Kamala Ibrahim Ishaq (born 1939), painter, and art teacher

## K

* Omer Khairy (1939–1999), modern painter
* Mohammad Omer Khalil (born 1936), painter, etcher, printmaker
* Ala Kheir (born 1985), photographer, cinematographer, and mechanical engineer

## M

* Rashid Mahdi (1923–2008), documentary and portrait photographer
* Omeima Mudawi-Rowlings (born 1969), Sudanese-born British deaf textile artist
* Salah El Mur (born 1966), contemporary painter, graphic designer, author, and filmmaker
* Hassan Musa (born 1951), Sudanese-born French contemporary painter

## S

* Ibrahim El-Salahi (born 1930), painter, former public servant, and diplomat
* Alaa Satir (born 1991), illustrator, muralist, and cartoonist
* Hussein Shariffe (1934–2005), painter, filmmaker, poet and educator
* Ahmed Shibrain (1931–2017), modernist painter

## U

* Ahmed Umar (artist) (born 1988), Sudanese-born Norwegian visual artist and LGBT activist

## W

* Osman Waqialla (1925–2007), painter and calligrapher
# Chloroclystis elaiachroma

Chloroclystis elaiachroma is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
# Ertar

Ertar is an alternative reality project, created by a group of Czech science fiction fans, led by D.Cap. The theme evolved from work on an officially unrecognized fan magazine named Light Years (Svetelne roky), founded in 1982, that as mainly a means of information on science fiction movies seen abroad. From the year 1985 on regular meetings of the fan magazine readers (READERCON) were organised.
After November 1989 more science fiction films started to be accessible in Czechoslovakia and the fan club turned to a wider spectrum of activities. Though the film fan magazine continued its existence, the club activities were centered on creating a modern Utopian republic known as Ertar situated on a planet Ergea. Special conventions (ERCON) and new-year meetings (KVIDO) take place every year, contributing new facts to the mosaic of this parallel world.
Fan activities ("Ertology") are based on creating reports on a parallel world named Ertar, on the planet Ergea, manufacturing artifacts "brought" from there, and taking an active part in science fiction conventions. Honorary members of the fan club included famous Czech writer and musician Jaroslav Velinský (Kapitán Kid), whose songs were used in the "restoration" of some Ertarian artifacts. In the recent years the importance of the fan magazine Light Years is gaining again. Instead of providing a basic information of unavailable SF movies the magazine provides guiding in the growing pool of SF movies now available.
# Lafay Rio de Janeiro

The Rio de Janeiro was a Brazilian single-engine, biplane utility aircraft.

## Design and development

It was based on the Caudron G.3. Built almost entirely of wood and canvas, it had three seats. It has a Gnome et Rhône engine, of the push–pull configuration, with a fixed pitch propeller made of wood. The reinforced landing gear included four wheels and two fixed skids, with a rear skid. It was nicknamed Cochon (in English: Hog).

## Operational history

First flew daily, since the first flight, and was maintained without any changes, which proved its safety. Moreover, since its departure from the Lage & Irmãos workshops, it had already transported 200 passengers and made a Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo air bridge trip. Another important factor is that with two passengers on board, it reached an altitude of 2000 meters in 22 minutes.

## Specifications

Data from Pereira (1986)
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 3
* Length: 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
* Upper wingspan: 16 m (52 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 25 m$^2$ (270 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Λ80 Lambda 7-cylinder rotary engine, 60 kW (80 hp)
* Propellers: 2 fixed-pitch propeller-bladed
Performance
* Service ceiling: 2,200 m (7,200 ft)
# 121 South African Infantry Battalion

121 South African Infantry Battalion is a motorised infantry unit of the South African Army.

## History
### Origin

A decision was made around 1979 to develop a Zulu speaking infantry battalion. On 20 January men who had reported for duty at the Jozini Base were sent to 21 SAI Battalion at Lenz (near Johannesburg) where 79 men completed training.

### Garrison

On 23 April 1979, 121 SAI Battalion was established and allocated lines near an old Water Affairs compound at Jozini. By 1980, a platoon of 121 SAI Battalion was despatched for duty in South West Africa (Namibia).
By 1981, 121 SAI Battalion was relocated to a new base at Dukuduku where the leopard head was adopted as the beret badge. 121 SAI Battalion received its national colours in 1989.
Freedom of the City was issued to 121 SAI Battalion by:
* uMhlanga in 1989 and
* Mtubatuba in 1994

## SANDF's Motorised Infantry

SANDF's Motorised Infantry is transported mostly by Mamba Mk3 Armoured Personnel Carriers, SAMIL Trucks, or other un-protected motor vehicles. SAMIL 20, SAMIL 50 and SAMIL 100 trucks transport soldiers, towing guns, and carrying equipment and supplies. SAMIL trucks are 2x4 and 4x6 drive, in order to have vehicles that function reliably in extremes of weather and terrain. Motorised infantry have an advantage in mobility allowing them to move to critical sectors of the battlefield faster, allowing better response to enemy movements, as well as the ability to outmaneuver the enemy.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonel | To |
| XXX | XXX | XXX |
| From | Officer Commanding | To |
| 1981 | Major E. Pretorius | nd |
| 1982 | Commandant J. Quinn | 1984 |
| 1984 | Commandant J.J. Lotheringen | 1989 |
| 1990 | Commandant P. Smythe | 1992 |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Millfield, Ohio

Millfield is a census-designated place in northern Dover Township, Athens County, Ohio, United States. It had a population of 311 at the 2020 census. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45761. It is located near State Route 13 midway between Chauncey and Jacksonville. Route 13 formerly ran through the community, but a bypass relocated it close by.

## History

A post office was established at Millfield in 1827. Besides the post office, Millfield had a gristmill.
The Millfield Mine disaster, the worst mine disaster in Ohio history, occurred at Millfield in 1930.
# Brocard

Brocard can refer to:
* Brocard (law)
* Henri Brocard, a nineteenth-century mathematician, and these geometrical entities he discovered:
** Brocard points
** Brocard triangle
** Brocard circle
* Saint Brocard, first of the priors of the Carmelite Order according to oral tradition
# Claude Volter

Claude Volter (31 January 1933 – 15 October 2002), father of actor Philippe Volter, was a Belgian comedian and theatre director.
Born as Claude Wolter in 1933, he later changed his surname to Volter. In 1957, he and his wife, actress Jacqueline Bir, moved to Brussels, and founded the Comédie Claude Volter, which he led until his death in 2002 at the age of 69.
# Little Yarra Steiner School & Kindergarten

Little Yarra Steiner School & Kindergarten is a private school located in Yarra Junction, Victoria, Australia, based on Rudolf Steiner's educational philosophy.

## Name

Little Yarra Steiner School & Kindergarten is often referred to as 'Little Yarra', 'Little Yarra Steiner School', or 'LYSS'. The school's name is in part derived from the river which it abuts: Little Yarra River.

## About the School

The school began in 1986 on rented premises in the Public Hall in Wesburn when a local farmer, Alan Earle, agreed to have the school built on his property along the Little Yarra River. This land, considered partly unsuitable for long-term building development, was sold allowing for the purchase of a 20 hectare block on Little Yarra Road, two kilometres South of the centre of Yarra Junction.
The school currently has over 250 students, ranging from Kindergarten to year 12.
The Little Yarra Steiner School is a registered private, co-educational and non-denominational school managed by the College of Teachers. It is a member of the Rudolf Steiner Schools of Australia - an Association and the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria, and incorporated as a non-profit company in Victoria. The school receives recurrent funding from both the Victorian and Commonwealth government.
Most of the school buildings were designed by one of the school's founders and first class teachers, Johannes Schuster, working from biosculptural architecture, itself based on Steiner's architectural principles.
# Erin I. Kelly

Erin I. Kelly is an American philosopher and author. She is a professor of philosophy at Tufts University.
Her book Chasing Me to My Grave, which she co-wrote with the subject Winfred Rembert, won the 2022 Pulitzer Prize in Biography.

## Education and career

Kelly attended Stanford University (AB; 1984) and Columbia University (MA; 1987) and received her PhD from Harvard University (1995). She joined Tufts University in 1995, rising to full professor in 2018. She lists her academic interests as "justice, the nature of moral reasons, moral responsibility and desert, and theories of punishment".

## Selected works
### Authored books

* Chasing Me to My Grave: An Artist's Memoir of the Jim Crow South. By Winfred Rembert, as told to Erin I. Kelly (Bloomsbury, 2021)
* The Limits of Blame: Rethinking Punishment and Responsibility (Harvard University Press, 2018)

### Edited books

* John Rawls, Erin Kelly, ed. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Harvard University Press; 2001)

### Articles

* Erin I. Kelly (2009). Criminal justice without retribution. The Journal of Philosophy 106 (8): 440–462 doi:10.5840/jphil2009106840
# Der Zauberer von Meßkirch

Der Zauberer von Meßkirch (lit. 'The Magician of Meßkirch') is a 1989 documentary film about the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. It was directed by Ulrich Boehm and Rüdiger Safranski for Westdeutscher Rundfunk. It premiered on West 3 on 23 January 1989.
# Lamina cribrosa sclerae

The nerve fibers forming the optic nerve exit the eye posteriorly through a hole in the sclera that is occupied by a mesh-like structure called the lamina cribrosa. It is formed by a multilayered network of collagen fibers that extend from the scleral canal wall. The nerve fibers that comprise the optic nerve run through pores formed by these collagen beams. In humans, a central retinal artery is located slightly off-center in the nasal direction.
The lamina cribrosa is thought to help support the retinal ganglion cell axons as they traverse the scleral canal. Being structurally weaker than the much thicker and denser sclera, the lamina cribrosa is more sensitive to changes in the intraocular pressure and tends to react to increased pressure through posterior displacement. This is thought to be one of the causes of nerve damage in glaucoma, as the displacement of the lamina cribrosa causes the pores to deform and pinch the traversing nerve fibers and blood vessels.