OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arad

Arad or ARAD may refer to:

## People

* Arad (given name)
* Arad (surname)

## Places and jurisdictions
### Bahrain

* Arad, Bahrain, a village in Al Muharraq Governorate
* Arad Fort, located on Arad shore
* Arad Island, a former member of the Bahrain Islands, now joined Muharraq

### Iran

* Arad, Iran, a city in Fars Province, Iran
** Arad District, an administrative subdivision of Fars Province
** Arad Rural District, an administrative subdivision of Fars Province
* Arad General Hospital in Tehran, Iran
* Arad, Tehran, a village in Tehran Province, Iran

### Israel

* Arad, Israel, a city in Israel
* Tel Arad, the remains of the ancient city of Arad

### Jordan

* Arad (see), an Ancient city and bishopric in (Trans)Jordan, near Tell 'Arad, now a Latin Catholic titular see

### Romania

* Arad, Romania, the main city of Arad County
* Arad County, at the western edge of Transylvania (Crişana-Banat), Romania
* Arad County (former), a historical county, first Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later in Romania
* Arad Region, an administrative division of the People's Republic of Romania 1950–1956
* Archdiocese of Arad, an episcopal see of the Romanian Orthodox Church

## Other uses

* ARAD (Sumerogram), a letter in Sumerian cuneiform
* CFR Arad, a Romanian football club 1921–1985
* F.C. Arad, an Israeli football club
* IWI ARAD, an Israeli assault rifle
* abbreviation of attoradian (arad), a unit of angle
# ATP São Paulo

The ATP São Paulo, also referred to by its sponsored names Ford Cup, Banespa Open and Sul America Open, is a defunct men's tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit from 1987 through 1989 and on the ATP Tour from 1991 through 1993. The event was held in São Paulo, Brazil and was played on outdoor hard courts from 1987 through 1992 at Hotel Transamerica, and on outdoor clay courts in 1993 at Esporte Clube Pinheiros. The tournament was a replacement for the ATP Itaparica which finished in 1990.

## Finals
### Singles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1987 | Jaime Yzaga | Luiz Mattar | 6–2, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 1988 | Jay Berger | Horacio de la Peña | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1989 | Martín Jaite | Javier Sánchez | 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–3 |
| 1990 | Robbie Weiss | Jaime Yzaga | 3–6, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, 6–3 |
| 1991 | Christian Miniussi | Jaime Oncins | 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1992 | Luiz Mattar | Jaime Oncins | 6–1, 6–4 |
| 1993 | Alberto Berasategui | Slava Doseděl | 6–4, 6–3 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1987 | Gilad Bloom Javier Sánchez | Sergio Casal Tomás Carbonell | 6–3, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 6–4 |
| 1988 | Jay Berger Horacio de la Peña | Ricardo Acuña Javier Sánchez | 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 |
| 1989 | Final not played due to rain | Final not played due to rain | Final not played due to rain |
| 1990 | Shelby Cannon Alfonso Mora | Mark Koevermans Luiz Mattar | 6–7, 6–3, 7–6 |
| 1991 | Andrés Gómez Jaime Oncins | Jorge Lozano Cássio Motta | 7–5, 6–4 |
| 1992 | Diego Pérez Francisco Roig | Christer Allgårdh Carl Limberger | 6–2, 7–6 |
| 1993 | Sergio Casal Emilio Sánchez | Pablo Albano Javier Frana | 4–6, 7–6, 6–4 |
# Hkayazahkuso

Hkayazahkuso is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Colden Parva

Colden Parva (also known as Little Cowden) is a former village and ecclesiastical parish of the East Riding of Yorkshire that was lost due to coastal erosion. The name persisted as part of the ecclesiastical parish covering nearby Aldbrough until into the 1970s. The parish was moved into that of Mappleton.
Its name means a hill where charcoal was burnt.

## History

The village of Little Cowden is recorded in the Domesday Book as being one of the smallest populated places in the Domesday record. The village of Little Cowden is listed as having seven houses in 1401, and was being occupied until 1517, when it was largely deserted. Church records show that 24 persons were evicted on the orders of St Mary's Abbey in York. Although some farmsteads continued in the area, most of the land in the parish and village had been lost to coastal erosion. The village is recorded as being "swept away by the sea" in 1690, but the church had been lost as early as 1627. The area became the property of the Ros family, then the le Despenser family, and finally the Wentworths.
Little Cowden/Colden Parva was listed as a village as it had a church dedicated to St John the Evangelist. The presence of the church and the link in religious terms to the ecclesiastical parish of Aldbrough, meant that the name of the village was still listed in the 1970s. The York Diocesan Yearbook for 1975 has an entry for "Aldbrough, St Bartholomew, with Colden Parva, St John the Evangelist (now in the sea)." As a few acres of the parish still existed on dry land, churchwardens were still being elected to the defunct church in the 1970s due to an act dating back to the 13th century.
Parts of the old parish were still extant in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the ecclesiastical parish covering an area of 728 acres (295 ha) in 1852, however, the loss rate of land due to coastal erosion was listed as being 3.8 yards (3.5 m) a year. What remained of Colden Parva in 1892 was two farms under its other name of Little Cowden.
Most of what was left of Colden Parva/Little Cowden had been washed away by 2009.

### RAF Cowden

The Royal Air Force operated a 600-acre (240 ha) bombing range on the beach at RAF Cowden between 1959 and 1998. The range was closed due to coastal erosion, which is quite common on the East Riding coast. The erosion regularly reveals buried ordnance. In February 2021, Brimstone Site Investigation was awarded a £1.5 million contract to clear the ordnance from the site over a four-year period. The contract was the first of its kind awarded to a civilian company by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO).
The local HM Coastguard team at Hornsea frequently attend reports of ordnance in the first instance and send the details to the Humber Coastguard Operations Centre and EOD ops centre to decide on the appropriate means of disposal. All ordnance found on the coast should be reported to the Coastguard by dialling 999.
No. 5131(BD) Squadron used to deploy from RAF Wittering in Cambridgeshire to make the old bombs safe but were disbanded in 2019 with the British Army and Royal Navy EOD teams continuing to operate nationally.
# Coal Hill

Coal Hill may refer to:
* Coal Hill, Arkansas
* Coal Hill, Ohio
* A hill located in Jingshan Park to the north of the Forbidden City in Beijing
* Coal Hill in McCone County, Montana
* Coal Hill Coal Railroad, a railroad in Mt Washington, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Coal Hill School, a fictional London school in the Doctor Who universe
# Beaufort County, Western Australia

Beaufort County was one of the 26 counties of Western Australia that were designated in 1829 as cadastral divisions. It approximately corresponds to the far eastern end of the Avon Land District which forms the basis for land titles in the area.
# Adinarayana

Adinarayana is an Indian name and it may refer to
* C. Adinarayana Reddy, Indian politician
* P. Adinarayana Rao, Music director
* S. V. Adinarayana Rao, Orthopaedic surgeon
* Y. Adinarayana Reddy, Indian politician and freedom fighter
* Adinarayana Hosahalli, Village in Karnataka
# Chorizema ilicifolium

Chorizema ilicifolium, commonly known as holly flame pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the coast of southern Western Australia. It is a slender, erect to spreading shrub with prickly, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves and yellowish-orange and red pea flowers.

## Description

Chorizema ilicifolium is a slender, erect to spreading shrub with thin branches. The leaves are glabrous, leathery, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 19–25 mm (0.75–0.98 in) long, with prickly teeth or lobes on the edges, and often with a heart-shaped base. The flowers are yellowish-orange and red, arranged in loose groups in leaf axils or on the ends of branches. The sepals are 4–6.5 mm (0.16–0.26 in) long, the upper two curved and joined for about half their length. The standard petal is broadly kidney-shaped and twice as long as the sepals, the wings shorter than the standard, and the keel shorter than the sepals. Flowering occurs from July to October, and the fruit is an oblong pod up to 12 mm (0.47 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Holly flame pea was first formally described in 1800 by Jacques Labillardière and the description was published in Relation du Voyage a la Recherche de la Perouse. The specific epithet (ilicifolium) means "holly-leaved".

## Distribution and habitat

Chorizema ilicifolium grows on sand dunes and limestone hills along the south coast of Western Australia between Busselton and Esperance in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Warren bioregions.
# Desert Rain

Desert Rain is the second album of Indian Ocean and the first live album ever to be released by any Indian band recorded by Vikram Mishra. It was recorded completely by accident from a concert played at the annual SAHMAT show at Mandi House, New Delhi on 1 January 1997. After waiting 7 hours to get on stage, Indian Ocean played an inspired concert that was well received by the crowd. Quite fortuitously, the band noticed a DAT recorder, bought a tape and recorded the concert. No major record label was willing to take the risk of releasing a live album, and so a record company label called 'Independent Music' was formed to release the album. Naresh Bhatia was the person instrumental behind the release of Desert Rain.
The album was released as a limited-edition copy in 1997 for circulation around Delhi. it was re-released in 2002 given the increasingly massive popularity of the band.

## Track listing

* "Desert Rain"
* "Village Damsel"
* "Boll Weevil"
* "Going To ITO"
* "Euphoria"
* "From The Ruins"
* "Melancholic Ecstasy"

## Reception

Released on cassettes and CDs, Desert Rain was a landmark album for its time and today. It was recorded and mixed live by sound engineer Vikram Mishra on a DAT tape. The quality was so impressive that almost a decade later, it still continues to sell. In 2006, it was no. 2 on the iTunes UK World Music Charts.
Bhaskar Gupta of Allmusic.com gave the album a favourable review and considers it a vital link to the development of the band's music and their early inspirations.
# Lecithocera semirupta

Lecithocera semirupta is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found in Assam, India.
The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are rather dark ashy fuscous. The stigmata are dark fuscous, the plical beneath the first discal, the second discal connected with the dorsum by a dark fuscous bar. The hindwings are grey.
# 1879 in Belgium

The following lists events that happened during 1879 in the Kingdom of Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold II
* Prime Minister: Walthère Frère-Orban

## Events

* 2 March – Castle in Tervuren burns down.
* 17 April – Firedamp explosion at Agrappe Mine in Frameries.
* 1 July – Law secularising primary education passes, triggering First School War

## Publications
### Periodicals

* Almanach de Poche de Bruxelles (Brussels, H. Manceaux)
* Bulletin de la Société belge de géographie, 3 (Brussels, Secrétariat de la Société Belge de Géographie)

### Books

* Hendrik Conscience, Het wassen beeld
* Léon Vanderkindere, Le siècle des Artevelde: études sur la civilisation morale & politique de la Flandre & du Brabant (Brussels, A.-N. Lebègue).

## Art and architecture

* Leuven railway station rebuilt

## Births

* 5 February – Jules De Bisschop, Olympic rower (died 1954)
* 15 February – Camille Van Hoorden, footballer (died 1919)
* 28 April – Edgard Tytgat, painter (died 1957)
* 29 April – Marie Haps, philanthropist (died 1939)
* 22 May – Aston Chichester, bishop (died 1962)
* 27 May – Arthur Balbaert, sports shooter (died 1938)
* 24 August – Achille Delattre, politician (died 1964)
* 26 September – Alexandre Galopin, businessman (died 1944)
* 9 October – Edgar Sengier, mining engineer (died 1963)
* 21 October – Maurice Beeli, botanist (died 1957)
* 25 October – Jean Rogister, musician (died 1964)
* 18 December Joseph Lebon, theologian (died 1957)

## Deaths

* 7 May – Charles De Coster (born 1827), novelist
* 19 May – Jules Anspach (born 1829), politician
* 16 July – Konrad Martin (born 1812), German bishop
* 11 August – Jan Swerts (born 1820), painter
* 18 August – Joseph Octave Delepierre (born 1802), antiquary
* 24 August – Théodore de Montpellier (born 1807), bishop of Liège
* 30 September – Félicien Chapuis (born 1824), entomologist
* 3 November – Joseph Poelaert (born 1817), architect
* 9 December – Jacob Jacobs (born 1812), painter
# Miranda (group)

Miranda is a French Eurodance group, active in Europe in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The main frontwoman of the group was the French-Spanish singer and dancer Sandra Miranda García.The band was initially signed to Universal Records.

## History

In 1998, Miranda was taking part as a dancer to the videoclip of Ricky Martin's song, "María", when she met producers Louis Element and Johnny Williams. Their first release, in 1999, was the lead single from their first and only album Fiesta: "Vamos a la playa"; the song became a summer hit in the Netherlands and Italy. In 2000, they released two singles, "Eldorado" and "A la fiesta", the latter of which peaked at number 66 on the Dutch Singles Chart. They released one further song, the non-charting "Bamba! (El Ritmo De Miranda)".
In 2001, Miranda disbanded and main singer signed with the label "Do It Yourself" for a solo career.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album details |
| 1999 | Fiesta Release date: November 1999 Label: Universal |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Year | Single | CAN Dance | ITA | NED | Album |
| 1999 | "Vamos a la playa" | 8 | 4 | 7 | Fiesta |
| 2000 | "Eldorado" | — | — | — | Fiesta |
| 2000 | "A la fiesta" | — | 35 | 66 | Fiesta |
| 2001 | "Bamba! (El Ritmo De Miranda)" | — | — | — | Single only |
# Ballymurn

Ballymurn (Irish: Baile Uí Mhurúin) is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. It is around 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Wexford town, and 10 kilometres (6 mi) south east of Enniscorthy.
# Coldeportes

The Administrative Department of Sport, Recreation, Physical Activity and the Use of Free Time, Coldeportes was the national government department of sports in and for Colombia; it is charged with fomenting, planning and organizing the activities of sport and physical education.
# Bear Creek, North Carolina

Bear Creek is an unincorporated community in southwestern Chatham County, North Carolina, United States. It is named for a nearby creek that eventually flows into the Rocky River. The community lies along Old US Highway 421 and is situated between Siler City and Goldston. The ZIP Code for Bear Creek is 27207.
Bear Creek is home to Chatham Central High School, one of four high schools in the county. It is also home to Southern Supreme, a mail-order gourmet foods company best known for manufacturing fruitcakes. Bear Creek is also known for its vast farmland, including many commercial chicken farms.

## History

Bear Creek was originally named Richmond after Richard Jones who opened a business in Bear Creek in 1885. Early History of Chatham
The Baptists were first to organize congregations and erect church buildings in the county. From the Sandy Creek Association, which is the oldest in this state and one of the oldest in America, originated the different churches of the Baptist faith in the county. This Association was organized in the year 1758 and takes its name from the Sandy Creek meeting house, in what became Randolph County, where the organization was perfected. For quite a number of years all the separate Baptist Churches in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina were included in this association. Among the early churches of the Baptist denomination organized in Chatham and affiliated with this Association, are Bear Creek, of which an eminent historian says:
“his church is located on Bear Creek in Chatham County, N.C. From 1785 to 1787 they held meetings as an arm of some other church, and met for worship at Powell's Meeting House, Bear Creek, Lick Creek and occasionally at private houses. They were constituted into a church in 1787. Elder Sherwood White was their first pastor. He was succeeded in 1790 by James Younges.
# Esk River (Queensland)

The Esk River is a river in the Wet Tropics of Far North Queensland, Australia.

## Course and features

The river rises below Dowlings Hill, sourced by runoff from the Great Dividing Range, and flows north across the mostly uninhabited coastal plain. The Esk River enters the Annan Forest Reserve and flows through a wetland dominated by mangroves. At its mouth, the Esk River is joined by the Annan River and together discharge into Walker Bar and then onto the Coral Sea approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Cooktown. The river descends 356 metres (1,168 ft) over its 20-kilometre (12 mi) course.
Much of the Esk River catchment lies within protected area tenure. As of 2013 the river appeared to be in a healthy condition with limited siltation and only infrequent pockets of erosion.
Floods in 1910 recorded the Esk River as 12 feet (3.7 m) over the normal river height.
# Living Death (band)

Living Death was a German speed metal/thrash metal band from Velbert, noted for being one of the pioneering bands in the thrash metal genre. The band's career spanned from the early 1980s until the early 1990s and has since acquired a cult status.

## History

Living Death was formed in 1981 in Velbert, North Rhine-Westphalia, by Reiner and Dieter Kelch, and Frank Fricke, starting out as a simple heavy metal band. In 1981, drummer Frank Schubring and vocalist Thorsten "Toto" Bergmann joined. A year later, they recorded their self-titled demo, resulting in a deal with Earthshaker in 1983. Later that year, Frank Schubring left the band and was replaced by Harald Lutze.
In 1984, Living Death released their debut album Vengeance of Hell, which, despite poor production quality, sold well in all independent charts. Living Death then went on tour in support of Warlock; after which they fired drummer Harald Lutze and replaced him with Andreas Overhoff. In January 1985, they released the EP Watch-Out! with three remixed songs from the first LP and the self-titled track. In August, Metal Revolution was released. Due to its cult status, the album was re-issued in 2002 by Shark Records. A year later, the band signed a deal with Aaarrg Records and the EP Back to the Weapons was recorded; shortly before its release, they found a new drummer, Atomic Steif. In 1987, the album Protected from Reality was released, followed by May 1988's Live EP, featuring four songs off their second album.
After the release of their fourth studio album Worlds Neuroses in 1989, band members Toto, Fred and Atomic Steif left the band (and recorded one EP as Sacred Chao, taking the name from a song on Worlds Neuroses). The remaining Living Death members then recruited vocalist Gerald Thelen and drummer Frank Ullrich as replacements. With this line-up, Living Death split up in 1992, having released Killing in Action a year prior.

## Previous members
### Last-known lineup

* Thorsten "Toto" Bergmann (singer)
* Andreas Oberhoff (drummer)
* Reiner Kelch (guitar)
* Dieter Kelch (bass)
Vocals:
* Thorsten "Toto" Bergmann (1981–1989) (Sacred Chao, X-Mas Project)
* Gerald Thelen (1989–1991)
Guitars:
* Frank "Fred" Fricke (1980–1989) (Mekong Delta, X-Mas Project, Sacred Chao, ex-U.D.O.)
Drums:
* Frank Schubring (1981–1983)
* Eric (session drums on Vengeance of Hell)
* Harald Lutze (1984)
* Andreas Oberhoff (1984–1986, died 2021)
* Atomic Steif (1986–1989) (Stahlträger, Assassin, Sodom, Holy Moses, Violent Force, Sacred Chao)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Vengeance of Hell (1984)
* Metal Revolution (1985)
* Protected from Reality (1987)
* Worlds Neuroses (1989)
* Killing in Action (1991)

### EPs

* Watch Out! (1985)
* Back to the Weapons (1986)
* Live (1988)

### Compilation albums

* Living Death (1994)

### Singles

* Eisbein (mit Sauerkraut) (1987)

### Demos

* Demo 83 (1983)
* Pre-Production Demo (1984)
# Manakunnam

Manakunnam is a village in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala.

## Location

vteAreas of Kochi
Thrippunithura
Ramamangalam
Perumbalam
Manakunnam
Arakkunnam, Piravom
Vaikom
Thalayolaparambu :

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Manakunnam had a population of 33523 with 16465 males and 17058 females.
# Centrolepis milleri

Centrolepis milleri is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is found in Western Australia.
The annual herb is found in two small areas in Wheatbelt near Dandaragan and in the Great Southern near Albany.
# Apoctena

Apoctena is a genus of moths belonging to family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Apoctena clarkei (Philpott, 1930)
* Apoctena conditana (Walker, 1863)
* Apoctena fastigata (Philpott, 1916)
* Apoctena flavescens (Butler, 1877)
* Apoctena orthocopa (Meyrick, 1924)
* Apoctena orthropis (Meyrick, 1901)
* Apoctena persecta (Meyrick, 1914)
* Apoctena pictoriana (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* Apoctena spatiosa (Philpott, 1923)
* Apoctena syntona (Meyrick, in Chilton, 1909)
* Apoctena taipana (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* Apoctena tigris (Philpott, 1914)
# Balintore Castle

Balintore Castle is a Victorian Category A listed building in Scotland.
The castle occupies an elevated site in moorland above Balintore village, a few miles north of the Loch of Lintrathen, near Kirriemuir, Angus. A tower house named Balintor existed on the site in the late 16th century, according to Timothy Pont's maps.
It was designed in 1859 by the architect William Burn. A typical example of the Scottish Baronial style, it features an abundance of turreted towers and gables, and a gone oriel window. The main tower is topped by a balustraded viewing platform similar to that of Buchanan Castle.
The centrepiece of the interior is the great hall, and there is also a gallery, bedrooms, dinner service room, women servant's sitting room, brushing room, beer cellar, lumber room, butler's pantry, dining room, and a library.
Balintore Castle was commissioned as a sporting lodge by David Lyon, MP, who had inherited a fortune made by his family through investments in the East India Company. Latterly the castle was used only during the shooting season.
In the 1960s it was decided not to repair the extensive dry rot, and it was abandoned. The castle then stood empty until 2007, during which time its condition deteriorated to point of endangering the structure. Balintore Castle has been listed in the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland since it started in 1990. Angus Council used its compulsory purchase powers to buy it from its absentee Far Eastern owners, and it is now in the hands of a Scotsman who is restoring it and residing there.
# Collagen, type XIII, alpha 1

Collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL13A1 gene.
This gene encodes the alpha chain of one of the nonfibrillar collagens. The function of this gene product is not known, however, it has been detected at low levels in all connective tissue-producing cells so it may serve a general function in connective tissues. Unlike most of the collagens, which are secreted into the extracellular matrix, collagen XIII contains a transmembrane domain and the protein has been localized to the plasma membrane. The transcripts for this gene undergo complex and extensive splicing involving at least eight exons. Like other collagens, collagen XIII is a trimer; it is not known whether this trimer is composed of one or more than one alpha chain isomer. A number of alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full length nature of some of them has not been determined. Collagen XIII belongs to the transmembranous subfamily of collagens, like collagen XVII, XXIII and XXV.