OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bragdøya

Bragdøya is an island in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The 0.7-square-kilometre (0.27 sq mi) island is in the archipelago in the Kristiansandsfjorden, just south of the city of Kristiansand. The island is surrounded by the smaller islands of Svensholmen and Langøya to the north (across the narrow Bragdøyrenna strait) and the island of Hestehaue to the southeast. The heavily populated island of Andøya lies to the southwest.
Bragdøya has been owned by the municipality of Kristiansand since 1969 when they bought it with a government grant as a public open space. It was purchased with the requirement that the islands would be a recreational space for the city. During the summer, the island is used as grazing land for sheep.

## History

For centuries, Bragdøya has been inhabited. "Siffuord Bragdøen" is mentioned in written sources as owner from 1610 and onwards. The first manor house in Kristiansand was built in Bragdøya around 1770 for the family of Henrik Arnold Thaulow. Thaulow was the grandfather of Oscar Wergeland, Henrik Wergeland, and Camilla Collett, and his grandchildren spent time on the island during the summers. There are several older cottages on the island.
In 1915, two large warehouses were built on the west side of Bragdøya where mackerel was salted and packed for export. The business did not go particularly well, however, and in the interwar period the business was ended.
The Nazi German occupiers committed executions of at least 28 Soviet POWs on Bragdøya during World War II.

## Leisure

Bragdøya Kystlag, a voluntary association which aims to preserve local maritime culture along the coast, is now the owner of the warehouse complex named Bragdøya Coastal Heritage Centre. From 1996-2012, the centre hosted an annual blues festival. On some days there are organized boat trips to the island. There is a special boat from the city centre of Kristiansand during the Norwegian school holidays which makes a round trip of Bragdøya and several other islands.
# Arnot's chat

Arnot's chat (Myrmecocichla arnotti), also known as the white-headed black-chat, is a species of bird in the chat and flycatcher family Muscicapidae. The species is found in southern Africa from Rwanda and Angola to South Africa.

## Taxonomy

The species was described by Henry Baker Tristram in 1869 based upon a specimen collected at Victoria Falls in modern-day Zimbabwe, as Saxicola arnotti. Tristram wrote that he named the species after the collector, a Mr. Arnott, but the man was actually named David Arnot. For this reason, it was suggested in 1965 that the name should be spelled arnoti instead. However, since there is no evidence in Tristram's original paper that the name was misspelled, the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature mandate that the spelling arnotti be maintained.
Along with the white-fronted black-chat this species is sometimes separated into the genus Pentholaea. The species contains two subspecies, hartertii, which is found in Angola, and the nominate, which is found across the rest of its range. A third subspecies, collaris, is now usually considered a separate species, the Ruaha chat. This species is indistinguishable from Arnot's chat in male birds but has different plumage in females, a difference that has mostly been overlooked for over a century.

## Habitat

Arnot's chat is most commonly found in healthy stands of miombo and mopane woodland. It also occurs at lower densities in other kinds of open woodland with little herbaceous cover, and very rarely near buildings. It generally occurs from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft). The species is generally not migratory, but is presumed to undertake some localized wandering.

## Description

Arnot's chat ranges in size from 16 to 18 cm (6.3–7.1 in) and weighs around 35 g (1.2 oz). The plumage of the adults is sexually dimorphic; the male of the nominate race is overall black with a white crown and a white patch on the wing coverts. The female is similar but with a black crown and a white (tipped with black) throat and neck. The bill and legs are black. Juvenile birds are like the adults but with white feather tips on the crown or throat instead of fuller white. The male of the race harterti has less extensive white on the wings and a mostly black head with a small area of white on the forehead and above the eye; the white throat of the female is also less extensive than on the nominate.
# Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt

Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt (30 November 1582 – 9 October 1647) was a German theologian who served as Archbishop and Elector of Mainz from 1629 until his death in 1647.

## Biography

Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt was the son of Eberhard Wambolt Umstadt (1546–1601) and Anna von Reiffenberg (d. 1583). He was born on 30 November 1582, most likely in Speyer, where his father was an official in the Reichskammergericht. His father had been a Calvinist, but converted to Catholicism in 1581.
After being educated by the Jesuits, Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt was admitted to the cathedral chapter of Mainz Cathedral in Mainz in 1596. He spent 1596-97 studying at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome and 1597-99 at the University of Würzburg. He then spent three years studying philosophy and theology in Rome.
He returned to Mainz in 1604, and was ordained as a deacon on 11 May 1605, at which time he became a member of the cathedral chapter. He then spent the next two years studying law at the University of Padua.
In June 1608, Archbishop of Mainz Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg named him a member of his Hofrat, becoming its president in January 1609, a position he held until 1618. During this period, he often served as the archbishop's representative to members of the Catholic League. In 1619, he became Amtmann of Mombach, a post he held until 1629. He was also rector of the University of Mainz from 1620 to 1624.
On 6 August 1629, the Mainz cathedral chapter elected Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt as the new Archbishop of Mainz. Pope Urban VIII confirmed his election on 28 January 1630.
With the Thirty Years War raging, on Christmas 1631, forces under Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden occupied Mainz, though the archbishop had already fled to Cologne. The city was recaptured from Swedish forces in December 1635, and the archbishop returned on 22 June 1636. On 22 December 1636, at Regensburg, he crowned Ferdinand III as King of the Romans. In 1644, French troops occupied Mainz, and the archbishop fled to Frankfurt.
An ardent supporter of the Catholic position during the Thirty Years War, his intransigence was partially responsible for delaying the signing of the Peace of Westphalia until after his death.
After concluding a peace with the French, Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt died in Frankfurt on 9 October 1647.
# Gert Vanderaerden

Gert Vanderaerden (born 23 January 1973) is a Belgian former road cyclist, who competed as a professional from 1996 to 2007. His older brother Eric was also a professional cyclist.

## Major results
### 1995

    3rd Internationale Wielertrofee Jong Maar Moedig
    3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège U23
    10th Nationale Sluitingprijs

### 1996

    1st Overall Coca-Cola Trophy
    1st Stage 2 Tour of Austria
    7th GP Rik Van Steenbergen

### 1997

    9th Schaal Sels

### 1998

    1st Omloop van de Vlaamse Scheldeboorden
    3rd Omloop van de Westhoek
    5th Nationale Sluitingprijs
    9th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

### 1999

    2nd GP Stad Zottegem
    3rd Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
    4th GP Rik Van Steenbergen
    5th Paris–Brussels

### 2000

    3rd Brussels–Ingooigem
    4th Schaal Sels

### 2001

    4th Schaal Sels
    4th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

### 2002

    2nd Omloop van het Waasland
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    4th Vlaamse Pijl
    10th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
    10th GP Stad Zottegem

### 2003

    2nd Le Samyn
    2nd Grote 1-MeiPrijs
    6th GP de Fourmies
    10th Ronde van Midden-Zeeland
    10th Sparkassen Giro Bochum

### 2004

    1st Circuito de Getxo
    7th Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt

### 2005

    1st Internationale Wielertrofee Jong Maar Moedig
# Berenkuil (traffic)

A berenkuil (a Dutch word meaning a bear pit) is a type of traffic circle found in the Netherlands. In this construction, automotive traffic is directed around a raised outer circle. This leaves a sunken open space in the center of the circle which is used for bicycle paths.
Perhaps the first berenkuil, and the one that gives its name to this type of circle, is the one in Utrecht, built in 1944. There are several theories for the origin of its name, including the possibility that an actual bear pit was located there, or that it was named in honor of the British 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, nicknamed the polar bears, who liberated Utrecht from the Nazis.

## Other examples

* In Eindhoven, the Berenkuil (a traffic circle of the same type on the city's ring road, officially known as Insulindeplein) has become an official free zone for graffiti and has been the site of graffiti festivals. In 2011, a new roundabout for cyclists shaped as a kind of “inverted berenkuil”, named Hovenring, has been constructed between Eindhoven and Veldhoven in the Netherlands.
* Other well-known berenkuil circles in the Netherlands include the Airborneplein in Arnhem, a traffic circle in the access road to the Passewaaij neighborhood in Tiel, a traffic circle in the center of Rijssen on the crossing of the N347 and the N350, and the Lammenschansplein, a traffic circle in Leiden.
* In Brussels, the Verboekhovenplein is commonly called Berenkuil. However, although it has a lowered central area, it is used for a train line rather than for bicycle paths.
* A traffic circle of similar design also exists in southern Tallinn, Estonia, at the intersection of Tehnika and Veerenni.
# Dieter Dolezel

Dieter Dolezel (born 28 July 1977) is a German composer and electronic guitarist.

## Life

Dolezel was born in Munich. After initially studying philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, he first studied guitar at the Richard-Strauss-Konservatorium München [de]. This was followed by composition studies with Wilfried Hiller and Louis Andriessen as well as various master classes with Tristan Murail, Alvin Curran and Richard Ayres, among others. In 2002, he founded the doArte Foundation, for which he is still active in an advisory capacity.
Performances of his works have taken place at the Gaudeamus Foundation Music Week, the Hamburg Klangwerktage, novembermusic, at the Prinzregententheater in Munich and at the Auditorium Parco della Musica Santa Cecilia in Rome. Among the performers of his music are the Ensemble Modern, the King's Singers, Mike Svoboda, John Snijders, the Holland Symfonia, Fabrice Bollon, as well as the ensemble unitedberlin. In 2007, he was a scholarship holder at the Villa Massimo in Rome.

## Work
### Orchestra

* aber vielleicht (2006)
* aber vielleicht for 20 strings (2004)

### Chamber music

* realtime fragments for string quartet (2006)
* pLasTik for flute, bassoon, percussion (2), viola, cello and double bass (2005)
* fanfare 2003 for 4 trumpets, 4 trombones and percussion (2002), official fanfare for the 100th anniversary of the Deutsches Museum Munich.
* blacheriana I-III for saxophone quartet (2001/02)

### Electroacoustics

* bugs for flute, double bass clarinet, piano, violin, viola, cello, double bass and electronics (2007/08)
* wildes FLEISCH II for trombone and soundtrack (2007)
* chasing dion tiu video installation (2007)
* hoax for three pianists, one piano and soundtrack (2005)
* babenberg for 5 electric guitars and electronics (2003)

### Vocal

* serve bone et fidelis for 6-part choir a cappella (2008)
* may contain traces of for 4 voices and big band (2005)
* dogs and stones for 6 male voices (2004)

## Awards

Source:
* 2001 Richard Strauss-Scholarship of the City of Munich
* 2002 1st prize in the competition "Fanfare Deutsches Museum 2003"
* 2003/2004 Fellowship at "Internationales Künstlerhaus Villa Concordia" in Bamberg
* 2005 11th International Young Composers Meeting in Apeldoorn
* 2005 Musikstipendium by the city of Munich
* 2006 Sudetendeutscher Kulturförderpreis
* 2006 Prize winner at the 1st International Composition Competition of the Hamburger Klangwerktage
* 2007 1st prize in the competition Project Young Composers of the Holland Symfonia
* 2007 Gaudeamus Foundation audience prize
* 2007 Scholarship holder of the Villa Massimo in Rome
* 2009 Laureate at "Neue Töne" competition, Tonkünstlerverband
* 2013 Projektstipendium Junge Kunst / Neue Medien of the City of Munich.

## Recordings

* Otto von Bamberg, Schola Bamberg (2010), issued by Christophorus Records, (CHR77324)
* Edition Villa Massimo, Ensemble Modern (2008)
* Diario, Susanne Schoeppe, guitar (2004), issued by GENUIN, (GMP 04501)
* 9 Fanfaren, Blechbläserensemble des RSK, erschienen im Jubiläums-Bildband des Deutsches Museum Munich (2004)
# Daulton

Daulton may refer to:
* Daulton, California
* Darren Daulton (1962–2017), American baseball player
* Daulton Varsho (born 1996), American professional baseball player
* Jack Daulton (born 1956)
* William Daulton, English MP
# 2022 Willoughby state by-election

A by-election was held in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Willoughby on 12 February 2022, caused by the resignation of Premier of New South Wales and Liberal MP Gladys Berejiklian.
The Willoughby by-election was held on the same day as by-elections for the districts of Bega, Monaro and Strathfield. The writs for election were issued on 21 January 2022. Nominations for candidates closed seven days later at noon on 27 January, with the ballot paper draw commencing in the morning of 28 January.
The NSW Electoral Commission pre-emptively sent postal ballots to all voters registered on the state electoral roll for the relevant districts, under a regulation in a COVID amendment to the Electoral Act. Postal votes will be checked against in-person voting rolls to prevent double voting. The iVote online voting system was not used at these elections after the system failed during the NSW local government elections in December 2021.

## Candidates

Candidates (in ballot paper order) :
| Party | Candidate | Background |
| Sustainable Australia | William Bourke | Founder and president of Sustainable Australia. Councillor and deputy mayor of North Sydney Council. |
| Independent | Larissa Penn | Biotechnologist. Contested Willoughby at the 2019 state election. |
| Liberal Democrats | Samuel Gunning | Former North Sydney councillor. Contested North Shore at the 2019 state election, and the federal seat of Wentworth at the 2018 by-election. |
| Greens | Lynne Saville | Registered nurse and City of Willoughby councillor. Greens candidate for North Sydney at the 2022 federal election. |
| Liberal | Tim James | Executive general manager of the Menzies Research Centre. |
| Reason | Penny Hackett | Lawyer in private practice, funds management and investment banking and activist for voluntary assisted dying laws. |

## Results

2022 Willoughby state by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Tim James | 18,949 | 43.50 | −13.53 |
| | Independent | Larissa Penn | 12,920 | 29.66 | +19.75 |
| | Greens | Lynne Saville | 5,892 | 13.53 | +2.36 |
| | Reason | Penny Hackett | 2,576 | 5.91 | +5.91 |
| | Sustainable Australia | William Bourke | 2,122 | 4.87 | +3.24 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Samuel Gunning | 1,104 | 2.53 | +2.53 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 43,563 | 98.43 | +0.34 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 697 | 1.57 | −0.34 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,260 | 80.49 | −9.02 |
| Two-candidate-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Tim James | 19,886 | 53.30 | −20.45 |
| | Independent | Larissa Penn | 17,421 | 46.70 | +20.45 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | −20.45 | |
The two-candidate swing from the 2019 general election is calculated from the NSW Electoral Commission Two Candidate Preferred (TCP) Analytical Tool for Berejiklian (LIB) vs Penn (IND).
# Committed to the Crime

Committed to the Crime is the second album released by Chaos Chaos (formerly Smoosh). It was released in 2014.

## Background

After adopting the name Chaos Chaos in 2012, the band soon developed a synth-pop sound.

## Reception

Vice's music website, Noisey called the track "Breaker" off the album, "powerful" song, as well as "another example of their precocious talent and the sisters ability to craft hooks that are both instantaneous and timeless." Spin called the track a "highlight" from the album.

## In popular culture

"Do You Feel It?" was notably featured in "Auto Erotic Assimilation," the third episode of the second season of Rick and Morty.
# Arthur Barnby

Arthur Charles Barnby OBE (10 September 1881 – 30 October 1937) was an English first-class cricketer, who served as an officer in both the Royal Marines and the Royal Naval Air Service.

## Life and military career

Born at Westminster in September 1881, Barnby was commissioned into the Royal Marines as a second lieutenant. He was promoted to lieutenant in July 1901, with promotion to captain coming a decade later in September 1911. Barnby made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Royal Navy Cricket Club against the British Army cricket team at Lord's in 1913. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring in the Royal Navy first-innings by Harold Fawcus, while in their second-innings he scored a single unbeaten run.
He served in the First World War, and as an early aviator who had held an aviation licence since 1913, he was seconded to the newly formed Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he held the rank of flight commander. He was promoted to squadron commander in May 1915, which resulted in him concurrently being made a temporary major in the marines. He was made a full major in June 1917, having completed sixteen years services. He was promoted to wing commander in the RNAS in December 1917, resulting in him being granted the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel in the marines.
Following the end of the war, Barnby relinquished his commission in the RNAS and returned to the marines as a major. He was made an OBE in the 1926 Birthday Honours. Barnby was appointed a barrackmaster and promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1929, however he reverted to major at his own request in October 1930. He was again promoted to lieutenant colonel in April 1931, before being placed on the retired list on account of old age in September 1933, at which point he was granted the rank of colonel. Barnby died suddenly at Rochester Airport in October 1937.
# Anton Gosswin

Anton Gosswin, or Antoine Gosswin, also Jusswein, Jussonius, Cossiono, Gossovino, Josquinus (prob. Liege c. 1546 – Freising, Liege or Bonn between 2 June 1597 and 28 October 1598), was a Flemish composer.

## Life

He is documented as a singer at Munich Court in 1568, he was then appointed court Kapellmeister at Landshut in 1569 to return to Munich in 1570, as organist at the Peterskirche in 1577. In 1580 he became Kapellmeister to the Bishop of Freising.

## Works
### Sacred

* Cantiones, 4vv (Nuremberg, 1581); lost
* Cantiones sacrae, 5, 6vv (Nuremberg, 1583); lost
* Ad te levavi oculos meos, 6vv, 1583
* Laetatus sum, 6vv, 1583
* Missa a cappella, 4vv
* Missa super 'Cognovi Domine', 4vv
* Missa ferialis, 5vv
* Missa super 'Le mois de mai'
* Missa super 'Missus est angelus', 5vv
* Missa super 'Vrai Dieu, disait', 4vv
* 1 other mass
* In te Domine speravi, 3vv
* Iste est Johannes, 5vv, lost

### Secular

* Newe teutsche Lieder ... welche gantz lieblich zu singen, auch auff allerley Instrumenten zu gebrauchen, 3vv (Nuremberg, 1581)
* Madrigali, 5vv (Nuremberg, 1615), lost
* Eolo crudel come turbasti l'onde, 5vv
* Qual meraviglia, 5vv
* Non trovo cosa alcuna s'io non pago, 5vv

## Recordings

* Antoine Gosswin: Selected Works Le Miroir de Musique, Baptiste Romain. Ricercar 2023
# Eask Tower

The Eask Tower is a solid stone tower on the top of Carhoo Hill, in County Kerry, Ireland, overlooking Dingle harbour.

## Description

Eask Tower was built in 1847 in order to guide the ships and boats into the mouth of the harbour. The wooden hand pointing from the Tower guides the boats to their destination. It is crowned with the 19th century's mariners beacon and a World War II look-out post. The harbour has a "blind" mouth, so the purpose of the tower is to advise the ships to retract their sails, lose speed and thus safely sail around the harbour mouth.
The tower is of solid stone. The building of it on Carhoo (Ceathru) hill, 180 metres (600 ft) above sea level, provided work during the Great Famine, at the instigation of Reverend Charles Gayer, leader of the Protestants, in an attempt to win converts. The tower was originally 8.2 metres (27 ft) high, but around the year 1900, the old hand was removed and an extra 4.0 metres (13 ft) of stone was added to its height. A new hand was placed, roughly at the beginning of the extension.
The panoramic views seen from Carhoo Hill include a large proportion of the Dingle Peninsula and beyond; for example, the Blasket Islands, Slea Head, Ventry, Dingle Harbour, the Iveragh Peninsula, Skellig Rocks, and two of Ireland's highest mountains - Carrauntoohil and Mount Brandon.
# Berenkuil, Eindhoven

The Berenkuil (known officially as Insulindeplein) is a traffic circle in the Dutch city of Eindhoven, near the campus of the Eindhoven University of Technology. An outer circle for automotive traffic surrounds a second sunken circle for bicycles and motorscooters; ramps from the bicycle lanes along the nearby streets lead into the lower circle via four underpasses. This design for a traffic circle is one that is called a berenkuil (meaning bear pit) in the Netherlands.
Insulindeplein is part of the Eindhoven ring road and connects the center of Eindhoven to the highway to Helmond. It's also the access road in northern and southern directions, and forms the crossroads of many bicycle paths, bicycle crossings and pedestrian tunnels.
The Berenkuil is also well known in Eindhoven for another reason: it has been designated a freezone for graffiti artists, where they can paint graffiti without interference from the police. As a result, artists have created several large and impressive works on the walls and the area has become an unofficial open-air museum. On 11 and 12 September 2010, the Berenkuil was the stage for the international graffiti festival "Step In The Arena", which was held again on 9 and 10 July 2011.
# Cyrtodactylus ngoiensis

Cyrtodactylus ngoiensis, also known as the Ngoi bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to Laos.
# Comparisons (TV series)

Comparisons is a Canadian documentary television series which aired on CBC Television from 1959 to 1963.

## Premise

The National Film Board of Canada produced these documentaries which compared Canadian society with that of other nations.

## Scheduling

This 30- to 60-minute series was broadcast sporadically from 9 January 1959 to 1 July 1963. It was rebroadcast Thursdays at 6:30 p.m. (Eastern) from 14 July to 25 August 1966.

## Episodes

The series included the following films, the year of which indicates the NFB production date:
* Age of Dissent: Young Men With Opinions (1959)
* Britain and Canada Debate Britain's World Leadership (1959)
* Courtship (1961)
* Four Families (1959)
* Four Religions (1960)
* Four Teachers (1961)
* Of Sport And Men (1961)
* Suburban Living: Six Solutions (1960)