OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Closure temperature

In radiometric dating, closure temperature or blocking temperature refers to the temperature of a system, such as a mineral, at the time given by its radiometric date. In physical terms, the closure temperature is the temperature at which a system has cooled so that there is no longer any significant diffusion of the parent or daughter isotopes out of the system and into the external environment. The concept's initial mathematical formulation was presented in a seminal paper by Martin H. Dodson, "Closure temperature in cooling geochronological and petrological systems" in the journal Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1973, with refinements to a usable experimental formulation by other scientists in later years. This temperature varies broadly among different minerals and also differs depending on the parent and daughter atoms being considered. It is specific to a particular material and isotopic system.
The closure temperature of a system can be experimentally determined in the lab by artificially resetting sample minerals using a high-temperature furnace. As the mineral cools, the crystal structure begins to form and diffusion of isotopes slows. At a certain temperature, the crystal structure has formed sufficiently to prevent diffusion of isotopes. This temperature is what is known as blocking temperature and represents the temperature below which the mineral is a closed system to measurable diffusion of isotopes. The age that can be calculated by radiometric dating is thus the time at which the rock or mineral cooled to blocking temperature.
These temperatures can also be determined in the field by comparing them to the dates of other minerals with well-known closure temperatures.
Closure temperatures are used in geochronology and thermochronology to date events and determine rates of processes in the geologic past.

## Table of values

The following table represents the closure temperatures of some materials. These values are the approximate values of the closure temperatures of certain minerals listed by the isotopic system being used. These values are approximations; better values of the closure temperature require more precise calculations and characterizations of the diffusion characteristics of the mineral grain being studied.

### Potassium-argon method

| Mineral | Closure temperature (°C) |
| Hornblende | 530±40 |
| Muscovite | ~350 |
| Biotite | 280±40 |

### Uranium-lead method

| Mineral | Closure temperature (°C) |
| Titanite | 600-650 |
| Rutile | 400-450 |
| Apatite | 450-500 |
| Zircon | >1000 |
| Monazite | >1000 |

### Electron spin resonance dating

| Mineral | Closure temperature (°C) |
| Quartz (of granite) | ~30-90 |
| Baryte | 190-340 |
# Close Enough for Rock 'n' Roll

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Select | 1/5 |
Close Enough for Rock 'n' Roll is the seventh studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in 1976.
The lead track, "Telegram", describes the band's experience while touring of hangovers, travel by aeroplane and limousine, customs, FM radio, girls, breakfast, press reception, soundcheck and finally the show over a guitar riff that bursts into a short version of the Byrds hit before returning to the riff and the story. It includes the album title in the lyrics. This references a saying among guitar players: "It doesn't matter if your guitar isn't fully in tune, as long as it's 'close enough for rock 'n' roll.'" "Telegram" (parts 1–3 only) was Nazareth's concert opener for many years, including the 1981 shows recorded for the Snaz album.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Manny Charlton, Dan McCafferty, Pete Agnew, Darrell Sweet unless otherwise noted

## Personnel
### Nazareth

* Dan McCafferty – lead vocals
* Manny Charlton – guitar, producer
* Pete Agnew – bass, backing vocals, guitar, piano
* Darrell Sweet – drums, percussion

### Production

* Nick Blagona – engineer
* John Punter – engineer
* Hipgnosis – sleeve design and photos

## Charts

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM) | 12 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 10 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 42 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 40 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 9 |
| US Billboard 200 | 24 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Club Atlético Sarmiento (disambiguation)

Club Atlético Sarmiento is a football club from Junín, Argentina. Other clubs with the same name are:
* Club Atlético Sarmiento (La Banda), a football club in Argentina
* Club Atlético Sarmiento (Resistencia), a football club in Argentina
# Clivina marginipennis

Clivina marginipennis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Jules Putzeys in 1846.
# Clivina mirrei

Clivina mirrei is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Kult in 1959.
# Carousel (comics)

Carousel is a long-running multimedia comics slide show hosted by cartoonist Robert Sikoryak (Masterpiece Comics) that has been presented in various venues in the United States and Canada since 1997. Sikoryak has described Carousel as "a cartoon variety show." Carousel has been presented at Dixon Place, MoCCA Fest, Parsons School of Design, The Brick Theater, and other venues.

## History

The first Carousel slide shows were projected using a slide projector. The show was named after the Kodak Carousel slide projector.
In 2011, The Village Voice called Carousel a highlight of The Brick Theater's Comic Book Theater Festival.
Many cartoonists, artists and voice actors have participated, including:
* Scott Adsit
* Todd Alcott
* Jonathan Ames
* Kate Beaton
* Gabrielle Bell
* Gregory Benton
* Nick Bertozzi
* Rupert Bottenberg
* Megan Montague Cash
* Victor Cayro
* Howard Chackowicz
* Sean Chiki
* Domitille Collardey
* Adam Conover
* Ann Decker
* Julie Delporte
* Brian Dewan
* Aaron Diaz
* Eric Drysdale
* Chris Duffy
* Jess Fink
* Emily Flake
* Nick Gazin
* Pascal Girard
* James Godwin
* Myla Goldberg
* Dale Goodson
* Patrick Hambrecht
* Lisa Hanawalt
* Tom Hart
* Dean Haspiel
* Glenn Head
* Danny Hellman
* Sam Henderson
* Lizz Hickey
* Bill Kartalopoulos
* Ben Katchor
* Kaz
* Susan Kim
* Julie Klausner
* John Kovaleski
* Hawk Krall
* Tim Kreider
* Michael Kupperman
* Miss Lasko-Gross
* M. Sweeney Lawless
* Leah Yael Levy
* Jeffrey Lewis
* Jason Little
* Kevin Maher
* Billy Mavreas
* Dyna Moe
* Neil Numberman
* Tao Nyeu
* George O'Connor
* Joe Ollmann
* Roxanne Palmer
* K. A. Polzin
* Jackson Publick
* Hans Rickheit
* Jason Roeder
* Dave Roman
* Laurie Rosenwald
* Laurie Sandell
* David Sandlin
* Allison Silverman
* Doug Skinner
* Karen Sneider
* Ted Stearn
* Leslie Stein
* Raina Telgemeier
* Matthew Thurber
* Jim Torok
* Ted Travelstead
* James Urbaniak
* Colleen AF Venable
* Lauren R. Weinstein
* Julia Wertz
* Shannon Wheeler
* Kriota Willberg
* Daniel Wright
# Coccomytilina

Coccomytilina is a subtribe of armored scale insects.

## Genera

* Coccomytilus
* Dactylaspis
* Evallaspis
* Finaspis
* Mauritiaspis
* Melayumytilus
* Mitulaspis
* Mohelnaspis
* Prodigiaspis
* Scleromytilus
* Triaspidis
# Co-ed Call Girl

Co-ed Call Girl is a 1996 American television film, starring Tori Spelling. It was directed by Michael Ray Rhodes and was first aired at CBS on February 11, 1996.

## Plot

A college student is seduced into becoming an upscale call girl.

## Cast

* Tori Spelling as Joanna
* Susan Blakely as Teri Halbert
* Scott Plank as Ron Tamblin
* Carmen Argenziano as Henry Binder
* Jeri Ryan as Kimberly
* Charles Grant as Andrew Carlson

## Reception

Pop culture website Complex.com included the movie in its list of "The 50 Most Ridiculous Lifetime Movies". Co-ed Call Girl was placed in the 49th position. Lauren Otion, who compiled the list, stated: "If you're in the mood to feel like a horrible person by cracking up at would-be devastating moments (i.e., the creepy piano player that breathily chides a geisha-looking Spelling with one-liners like, "Ron said you like to have a good time!" and "ON THE FIRST NOTE, JOANNA!!" before having her perform the most awkward strip routine ever), this is indeed the movie for you."
The movie debuted in the United States on the CBS network on Tuesday, February 6, 1996. It had an audience of 12.3 million, and was the 60th most watched prime-time network television show of the week. It was soundly beaten by Home Improvement and Frasier. Critic David Bianculli at the New York Daily News called the movie the "Worst Tori ever told," noting "if only ... Spelling had learned from the script as she was learning it, she might have wised up enough to turn down this particular acting job." Bianculli's grudge against the film continued, as at the end of the year he said Spelling's performance "may have been the single worst starring performance on TV". Kirk Nicewonger writing for United Feature Syndicate was also not pleased: "Suffice it to note that Spelling is not convincing as a date-for-hire and even less so as a medical student."
However, Gail Pennington of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch did note that Spelling turned in a "remarkable performance" as she "manages to act dumb enough" to believe her call-girl job will involve "good money, lovely clothes and no sex unless she wants it." Yet, reviewers generally thought her call-girl clothing choices were not very lovely, but instead a "truly horrifying series of costumes."
# Carposina maritima

Carposina maritima is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It was described by Ponomarenko in 1999. It is found in the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 13-15.5 mm.
# Carposina longipalpalis

Carposina longipalpalis is a moth in the family Carposinidae. It was described by Wolfram Mey in 2007. It is found in Namibia.
# Coal Hollow

Coal Hollow may refer to:
* Coal Hollow, Illinois, a community in Bureau County
* Coal Hollow, Pennsylvania, a community in Elk County
# Coal Hill, Ohio

Coal Hill is an extinct town in Muskingum County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

## History

A post office called Coal Hill was established in 1874, and remained in operation until 1895. Besides the post office, Coal Hill had a country store.
# Coal Hollow, Illinois

Coal Hollow is an unincorporated community in Bureau County, Illinois, United States, located on U.S. Route 6, east of Princeton.
# Casco

Casco may refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Casco, Maine, a town
** Casco (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place within the town
* Casco Bay, a bay on the coast of Maine
* Casco, Missouri, a ghost town
* Casco, Wisconsin, a village
* Casco (town), Wisconsin, a town
* Casco Township, Allegan County, Michigan
* Casco Township, St. Clair County, Michigan
* Casco Peak, Colorado
* Fort Casco, an English fort built in present-day Falmouth, Maine, in 1698

## Ships

* USS Casco, several United States Navy ships
* Casco-class monitor, a class of United States Navy monitors built during the American Civil War
* Casco-class cutter, an 18-ship class of United States Coast Guard cutters in service between 1946 and 1988
* USCGC Casco (WAVP-370), later WHEC-370, a United States Coast Guard cutter in commission from 1949 to 1969
* Casco (barge), flat-bottomed square-ended barges from the Philippines, prevalent in the 18th and 19th centuries in Luzon

## Other uses

* Casco (surname), a list of people
* Casco (Utrecht), a Dutch non-profit art institution
* Casco (company), a Swedish chemicals manufacturer, now a part of AkzoNobel
* Connecticut Automotive Specialty Company (Casco), which patented its version of an automobile auxiliary power outlet
* CASCO (Central American and Caribbean Sports Organization), former name of Centro Caribe Sports
* ISO/CASCO, Committee on conformity assessment, International Organization for Standardization technical committee
# Coconut jelly

Coconut jelly may refer to:
* Young coconut meat
* Nata de coco, or "coconut gel", a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food product produced by the bacterial fermentation of coconut water
# Coastal darter

The coastal darter (Etheostoma colorosum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the Gulf Coastal Plain from the Choctawhatchee River to the Perdido River in Alabama and Florida. It inhabits sand and gravel bottomed pools of headwaters, creeks, and small rivers.
# Codoi Township, Lhari County

Codoi (Chinese: 措多乡) is a small town and township in Lhari County in Nagqu Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region, in China. It had a population of about 16,000 as of 2004.

## Administrative divisions

The township contains the following villages:
* Rexu Village (热须村)
* Zhana Village (扎纳村)
* Longzhujiao Village (弄竹角村)
* Nimalong Village (尼玛隆村)
* Gangga Zhujiao Village (岗嘎竹角村)
* Duoqiwu Village (多奇吾村)
* Zamu Labu Village (杂姆拉布村)
* Leyangqia Village (勒央恰村)
* Saruduo Village (洒如朵村)
* Cuoguo Village (错果村)
* Nabu Village (那布村)
* Gadang Village (嘎当村)
* Muchiqin Village (亩迟勤村)
* Gutang Village (古塘村)
* Zalule Village (杂鲁勒村)
# List of Turkish regions by Human Development Index

This is a list of Turkish NUTS1 statistical regions by Human Development Index as of 2024 with data for the year 2022.
Very High Human Development :
| Rank | Region | HDI (2022) |
| 1 | Istanbul | 0.888 |
| 2 | West Anatolia | 0.871 |
| 3 | East Marmara | 0.864 |
| 4 | West Marmara | 0.858 |
| – | Turkey | 0.855 |
| 5 | Aegean | 0.855 |
| 6 | Mediterranean | 0.844 |
| 7 | Central Anatolia | 0.834 |
| 8 | East Black Sea | 0.828 |
| 9 | West Black Sea | 0.827 |
| 10 | North East Anatolia | 0.809 |
| 11 | South East Anatolia | 0.805 |
| 12 | Central East Anatolia | 0.804 |
# List of Turkish ships sunk or damaged during World War II

Turkey was neutral during World War II. But Turkish cargo ships were frequently sunk or damaged by the warring nations. In the following list those ships which were sunk or damaged during the war by the warring nations are shown.
| Date | Name of the ship | Sea | Antagonist | Submarine |
| 23 June 1941 | Refah | Mediterranean Sea | Italy | Ondina |
| 3 November 1941 | Kaynakdere | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-214 |
| 18 November 1941 | Yenice | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-215 |
| 1 January 1942 | Koraltepe | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-214 |
| 23 February 1942 | Çankaya | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-213 |
| 3 March 1942 | Adana | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-213 |
| 18 May 1942 | Duatepe | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-205 |
| 18 May 1942 | Mahbube-Cihan | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-205 |
| 25 May 1942 | Şafak | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-205 |
| 12 July 1942 | Antares | Mediterranean sea | Italy | Alagi |
| 5 August 1942 | Mefkure | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-205 |
| 8 December 1942 | Beycik | Black Sea | Soviet Union | D-5 |
| 22 July 1943 | Tayyare Bahri | Black Sea | Soviet Union | L-4 |
| 22 August 1943 | Derviş | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-209 |
| 23 August 1943 | Gürpınar | Black Sea | Soviet Union | L-4 |
| 25 August 1943 | Yılmaz | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-209 |
| 20 July 1944 | Şemsi Bahri | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-205 |
| 26 August 1944 | Hüdakerim | Black Sea | Soviet Union | Shch-209 |
Except for Adana, Duatepe and Antares all of these ships were sunk. Usually the crew were taken prisoner. But the human casualty was heavy in Refah and Mefkure cases. In Refah, 168 people on way for training and in Mefkure 301 Jewish refugees were lost.
On 14 July 1942 Turkish submarine TCG Atılay was sunk as a result of a naval mine explosion in the strait of Dardanelles. 38 sailors were drowned. But the mine was probably a World War I mine.
# Carlos Macías

Carlos Macías may refer to:
* Carlos Macias Arellano (born 1931), Mexican politician
* Carlos Fuentes Macías (1928–2012), Mexican writer
* Carlos Jiménez Macías (born 1950), Mexican politician
* Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías (born 1955), Mexican economist
* Carlos Tello Macías (born 1938), Mexican economist
# Laghi di Lavagnina

Laghi di Lavagnina are two artificial lakes in the municipalities of Casaleggio Boiro, Mornese and Bosio in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy.

## Geography

The lowest lake is named Lago Inferiore and the upper one Lago Superiore. Their inflow and outflow stream is Torrente Gorzente.

## Nature conservation

The lakes are included in the Piedmontese natural park of the Capanne di Marcarolo.
# Mark Shelton (Australian politician)

Mark David Shelton (born 20 February 1959) is an Australian politician who was the Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from June 2021 to May 2024, and previously served in the role from 2017 to 2018 He was previously the Minister for Police, Fire and Emergency Management and Minister for Local Government in the Hodgman and Gutwein Liberal Governments, and is a member for Lyons.
Shelton was Mayor of Meander Valley from 2003. In 2010, he was endorsed as a Liberal candidate for Lyons at the state election of that year. He defeated Jane Howlett for the final Liberal seat. He was re-elected in 2014, 2018 and 2021 with an increased primary vote each time.
# Burn the Secret

Burn the Secret is the sixth studio album by Japanese rock band Wands. It was released on 28 October 2020 under the D-Go label. It is the band's first new album in 21 years, and also the first studio album for the fifth version of Wands with vocalist Daishi Uehara. The album consists of original material as well as new versions of songs from the second and third Wands period.
This album was released in two formats: regular CD edition and limited CD+DVD edition. The CD+DVD edition included a DVD with three music videoclips: two from the original singles and one from the self cover.

## Promotion
### Singles

This album consist of three previously released singles.
Single "Makka na Lip" was released on 29 January 2020. It became the band's first single to be released for 20 years. The single served as an opening theme to the anime television series Detective Conan. The single debuted at number 14 on the Oricon Weekly Single Charts and charted over 30 weeks.
Before the single's release, the song was performed on 18 November 2019 as a part of a surprise guest appearance at the Osaka music live event Onto, in which the day before they've announced the band resume of activities. Their entire performance has been streamed on the official YouTube channel of Being Inc.
Single "Dakiyose Takamaru Kimi no Taion to Tomoni" was released on 20 May 2020. The single served as a theme song to the BS TV Tokyo Corporation's Japanese television drama Silent Voice season 2. For the first time in 27 years it's the band's first theme song to be used in the television drama. The single debuted at number 3 on Oricon Weekly Single charts and charted 18 weeks.
The digital single "Secret Night 〜It's My Treat〜 (Wands 5ki ver.)" was released on the 9 September and served mainly as a promotion to the album. The single has received special videoclip shooting.

### Live tour

The band announced their first live tour for the first time in 25 years on 20 May 2020 with dates between 7 and 26 October 2020; however, the original dates were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions and changed into the digital paid livestream, which streamed on 31 October and 1 November 2020. The entire footage was scheduled to release on Blu-ray on 7 April 2021.

## Commercial performance

The album reached number four on the Oricon Weekly Album charts and charted for 12 weeks. The album debuted at number 4 on the Billboard Japan Weekly Album rankings.
# Aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)

This family represents the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the Picornaviruses. IRES elements allow cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 43S pre-initiation complex directly to the initiation codon and eliminates the requirement for the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4F.
# Catocala afghana

Catocala afghana is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1885. It is found in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The species is 92 millimetres (3.6 in) long.
# Bound (surname)

Bound is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Franklin Bound (1829–1910), American politician
* John Bound, American labor economist
* Matthew Bound (born 1972), English footballer
* Mensun Bound (born 1953), marine archaeologist from the Falkland Islands
# Dobravac

Dobravac (Serbian Cyrillic: Добравац; fl. 1280) or Dobravec (Добравец) was a Serbian nobleman serving in the crown land of Hum, with the title of tepčija. He is mentioned in a document dated 1280 as serving the countess of Hum (Moysa serviens Dobraveçi tepçi domine comitisse de Chelmo). He had a clerk or assistant, Mojše, who sold two of his bondmaids in Ragusa (Dubrovnik) that year. Although Dobravac's jurisdiction is unknown from the quotation, he was not a veliki tepčija (serving the king directly); his office was limited to the Hum land, but his type of work was the same as that of the veliki tepčija. The tepčija had executive authorities; his otroci (sing. otrok), were servants, lesser in rank but not slaves.

## Annotations

The name is an old Serbian name, found in medieval epigraphy.
# Durban (disambiguation)

Durban is a city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Durban may also refer to:

## Places

* Durban, Gers, France, a commune
* Durban, Manitoba, Canada, an unincorporated community
* Aggijjat, Nunavut, Canada, formerly named Durban Island
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Durban
* Durban railway station, Durban, South Africa

## People

* Alan Durban (born 1941), Welsh footballer and manager
* Arne Durban (1912–1993), Norwegian sculptor and art critic
* Pam Durban (born 1947), American novelist and short story writer

## Other uses

* HMS Durban, a Royal Navy light cruiser
* Naval Base Durban, a South African Navy base
* World Conference against Racism 2001, also known as Durban I
** Durban Review Conference, a successor conference also known as Durban II
** Durban III, a 2011 United Nations General Assembly meeting marking the 10th anniversary of the adoption of The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action
# Cassadaga

Cassadaga is a Seneca Native American word meaning Water beneath the rocks. It may refer to:
* Cassadaga, Florida
* Cassadaga, New York
** Cassadaga Lakes, north of the village
* Cassadaga (album), by Bright Eyes
* Cassadaga (film), a 2011 film
# Catocala szechuena

Catocala szechuena is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in western China.
# Latvia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

Latvia participated in the X Summer Paralympic Games in Atlanta, United States.
# Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée

Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée is a poetic album of 30 short poems by Guillaume Apollinaire with woodcuts by Raoul Dufy, published in 1911.

## The Poems

Guillaume Apollinaire, was a bibliophile and a specialist in medieval bestiaries. In 1906, Picasso, a friend of Apollinaire's, had made some experimental woodcuts of animals. Apollinaire published eighteen poems figuring all kinds of semi-mythical animals in 1908 in La phalange, an experimental journal and promised his readers an illustrated edition. Picasso was not willing to cooperate and the poet persuaded Raoul Dufy, an engraver, to provide the woodcuts. Orpheus is present in four of the 30 poems.

## Music

Several composers were inspired by these poems to set them to music: Francis Poulenc (1919), Louis Durey (1919), Jean Absil (1944) and others. Francis Poulenc originally selected twelve poems, but only published six. His friend Louis Durey composed a complete cycle (26 short songs; he omitted the poems about Orpheus). Both wrote for baritone solo accompanied by piano.
Northern Irish composer Alan Mills set six of the poems to music (for baritone and piano) in 1985.