OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# District Voluntary Force

District Voluntary Force (DVF) is a special constabulary unit of the Odisha Police. They are primarily used in anti-Maoist operations. It was formed in 2009.

## Organisation

Odisha has 500 personnel under the DVF. They do not wear special lapels or badges. 40% are recruited from former Special Operation Group (SOG) agents, as they retire after 35; and rest from the local police who speak the local dialects and know the terrain. They work in groups of 8–10. Some of them gather information and other carry out operations. They don't require the approval of Superintendent of Police for operations, unlike the SOG. However, for bigger operations, SOG is sent to avoid casualties, as DVF lacks the training. DVF agents have 30% higher salary than the local police.
In January 2011, the state government announced that they would increase the number of DVF personnel. The number of district with DVF units would be increased from 11 to 17.

## Notable operations and incidents

In early March 2014, a DVF team killed two Maoist in Koraput district. In mid-May 2014, Purna Huluka (alias Khatru) was shot dead by a DVF team in Koraput district. He had a bounty of ₹100,000 on his head.
In mid-September 2014, a DVF team killed a wanted Maoist leader, Erra Madkami (alias Sundhi Dalei), in Malkangiri district. Madkami had a ₹400,000 bounty on his head. In late December 2014, acting on a tip-off a joint team of DVF and SOG raided a Maoist hideout and captured two Maoists in Sambalpur district.
# Ciriaco de Jesús Alas

Ciriaco de Jesús Alas (April 7, 1866, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador – 1952 in Sonsonate) was a Salvadoran musician and composer.
He studied the violin with Rafael Olmedo and Juan Aberle, composer of the National Anthem of El Salvador, at the Liceo de San Luis. He also studied under the Dutchman Joseph Kessels. He served as professor of singing at the Central Institute of El Salvador. He was director of the Banda de La Unión, 1888–1890, and Banda del Regimiento de Sonsonate (Sonsonate Regiment Band) from 1901 to 1944. Among his works are "El maestro Irma", "Neo Cadina", "Rosita", "Fantasía sobre motivos de la Caballería Rusticana", "Fantasía sobre motivos de El Trobador", and "La coronación".
# Ağcaqovaq

40°34′N 47°14′E﻿ / ﻿40.567°N 47.233°E﻿ / 40.567; 47.233
Ağcaqovaq (also, Agdzhakovag and Agdzhakovakh) is a village in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Eymur.
# Bradyrhizobium denitrificans

Bradyrhizobium denitrificans is a bacterium from the genus Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from surface lake water in Germany.
# Koppamurra, South Australia

Koppamurra is a locality located within the Naracoorte Lucindale Council in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia.
# Cosmopterix bacata

Cosmopterix bacata is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in the United States from northern Florida to southwest Alabama south to central Florida and Louisiana.
Adults have been collected from late April and mid-July.

## Description

Male, female. Forewing length 3.9-5.0 mm. Head: frons shining bronze with greenish and reddish reflections, vertex and neck tufts shining dark brown with reddish gloss, laterally and medially lined white, collar shining dark brown; labial palpus first segment very short, shining ochreous, second segment about three-quarters of the length of third, dorsally shining pale grey, ventrally and apically dark brown, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with a white anterior line, shining white ventrally, antenna shining dark brown, a short white line at base, often partly interrupted in distal half and with a white section of 14-17 segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae shining dark brown with reddish gloss, thorax with a white median line. Legs: shining dark brown with reddish gloss, femora of midleg and hindleg shining golden brown, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one, two and five, tibia of midleg with a white oblique basal line, a very indistinct pale brown oblique medial line and a white apical ring, tarsal segments one and two with white apical rings, segment five entirely white, tibia of hindleg as midleg, but the oblique medial line white and distinct, tarsal segment one with a white apical ring, other segments missing, spurs ochreous-white dorsally, dark grey ventrally. Forewing shining dark brown with reddish gloss, four white lines in the basal area, a subcostal from one-tenth to one-quarter, gradually bending from costa, a very short medial, ending just beyond the subcostal, a subdorsal, about three times as long as the medial but ending well beyond it, a short and narrow dorsal from beyond base to one-fifth, a broad dark yellow transverse fascia beyond the middle, narrowing towards dorsum, inwardly edged by a broad tubercular silver to pale golden metallic fascia, outwardly edged by two tubercular silver to pale golden metallic costal and dorsal spots, the dorsal spot about three times as large as the costal and much closer to base, both spots narrowly edged dark brown inwardly, the costal outwardly edged by a white costal streak, a silvery white apical line from the middle of the apical area, often broadly interrupted; cilia dark brown around apex, paler on dorsum towards base. Hindwing shining dark greyish brown, cilia pale brown. Underside: forewing shining dark greyish brown, the white costal streak and the white apical spot of the apical line distinctly visible, hindwing shining dark greyish brown. Abdomen dorsally shining dark brown, ventrally shining grey, segments banded shining white posteriorly, anal tuft ochreous-grey.
# Fernand Crémieux

Fernand Crémieux (1857-1928) was a French lawyer and politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1885 to 1889, and from 1893 to 1898, representing Gard. He also served as a member of the French Senate from 1903 to 1928, representing Gard.
# District Vision

District Vision is a running brand and wellness collective, based in Los Angeles. The company was founded by Tom Daly and Max Vallot in 2016.

## Founders

The founders met at a business school in London, after which Vallot worked for Saint Laurent and Daly for Acne Studios. They are both devoted runners and meditators. Through their Mindful Athlete Program, they collaborate with athletes and running clubs around the world to promote mental health.

## Overview

District Vision initially had 2 frames; Keiichi and Nagata. In 2017 they introduced 3 additional frames; Kaishiro Explorer, Nako Multisport and Yukari Windshield. They come in 4 lens variations; Sky G15 (full UV protection), Sports Yellow (for visibility in low light), Water Gray (polarized lenses to minimize glare from water) and Black Rose (changing light conditions).
All frames are made out of nylon and titanium weighing 22 grams. The lenses are Polycarbonate which blocks UV rays and is resistant from impact, shatter and scratch. They have retail distribution in Dover Street Market in New York, and Barneys New York.
District Vision also introduced a holistic tool kit for runners besides their signature eyewear, including a performance sock line in collaboration with Falke. They work with athletes of all backgrounds and organise the Mindful Athlete program for Marathon participants.

## Awards

* Gear Patrol 100: District Vision was selected as one of the best 100 products in 2016.
* Runner's World Editor's Choice Award: Kaishiro as best new running sunglasses in 2017.
# Ciriatto

Ciriatto is one of the Malebranche in Dante's Inferno, appearing in Cantos XXI, XXII and XXIII.
In Italian, Ciriatto's name means "swine" or "little pig" (-atto is a diminutive suffix for animals). This is reinforced when Ciriatto is referred to as "tusky" (Italian: sannuto; Canto XXI Verse 122).
Ciriatto is the main focus of a single triplet, where he pounces on Ciampolo, a grafter who is caught in their circle. He is quickly stopped by Barbariccia, who takes his own turn torturing the sinner. This continues the pattern of Dante introducing the ten demons in Canto XXI then mentioning them all exactly once in Canto XXII.
# B.E.D. (duo)

B.E.D. (Beyond Every Definition) were an English electronic music duo consisting of Japanese musician Gota Yashiki and British producer James Wiltshire, which was mostly active in the early 2000s. They are primarily known for their collaborations with the vocalist Chloe Myers, including their only single, "Lay Me Down" (for which a music video was also made).
The group released just two albums with BMG (Ver. 1.0 and Ver. 1.5, the latter of which also contained several uptempo remixes of the first album's songs) and were featured on several dance music compilations with original compositions as well as the aforementioned single. Several of the songs on the group's debut album featured backing vocals and were written by English singer/songwriter Judie Tzuke.
While most of the duo's songs were both written and programmed by both Yashiki and Wiltshire, only Yashiki played other instruments on the tracks, including bass, guitar and drums. The group's song "Before I Leave" was also remixed by Wiltshire's more widely known duo, Freemasons; the remix was included as a bonus track on the Japanese version of Ver. 1.5.

## Discography

Albums
* Ver. 1.0 (2003)
* Ver. 1.5 (2004)
Single
* "Lay Me Down" featuring Chloe Myers (2003)
# Herman Kahan

Herman Kahan (born Chaim Hersh Kahan; 15 February 1926 – 13 February 2020) was a Romanian-born Norwegian businessman, rabbi, author, and Holocaust survivor.

## Early life

Kahan was born into an Hasidic Jewish family in Sighet, Romania. Elie Wiesel was among his childhood friends.

## World War II and concentration camps

During World War II, when Northern Transylvania was part of Kingdom of Hungary (see Second Vienna Award), Kahan and two siblings were able to obtain "Aryan papers" in Budapest. After getting reports from his father in Sighet that Jews in the city were gathered into ghettos, he returned home to provide food.
In 1944, Kahan was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp with his father, mother, and a sister. After arriving in the camp, his mother and sister were murdered in the gas chambers; Kahan and his father were selected as workers. After a couple of weeks, they were transported to the Wolfsberg camp near Breslau, and later to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp and Ebensee concentration camp. Kahan experienced torture in all three camps; his father was also tortured. At the end of his time at Ebensee, Kahan lost consciousness and was thrown into a pile of corpses. American forces liberated the camp the same day, and while transporting the corpses to a mass grave, one of the American soldiers saw Kahan's hand move and pulled him out of the pile. Kahan's father died 10 days after liberation.

## Postwar

After the war Kahan moved to Paris and planned to go to the United States. He supported himself by selling knitwear he produced with knitting machines.
In 1947, he traveled to Norway to visit his sister and her husband. He decided to stay and was granted permission to settle as part of the Jewish refugee quota established to replace the number of Norwegian Jews murdered in the Holocaust.
In Norway, he established the textile factory Stabekk trikotasje (now Heka trikotasje), and the business was expanded into other areas. He was active in the Jewish community in Oslo, serving as leader of the Mosaic congregation (Det Mosaiske Trossamfund) for a time, was an active supporter of the Jewish Museum in Oslo, and was a board member of the Friends association of Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities.
His autobiography, Ilden og Lyset (English: The Fire and the Light), with a foreword by Elie Wiesel, was published in 1988 and published in English in 2006.
He was named Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 2013 for his efforts to promote tolerance and understanding.

## Personal

Kahan married a Jewish woman Ester Dante whom he met in Norway. He had five adult children and had grandchildren and great-grandchildren. One of his children is the actress and singer Bente Kahan. Herman Kahan died on 13 February 2020.
# Chou Ting-shan

Chou Ting-shan (Chinese: 周定山; October 25, 1989 – 1975), originally named Chou Huoshu (周火樹), with courtesy name Ke Ya (克亞) and pseudonym Yi Hou (一吼), was affectionately known as "Mr. Respite” (半閑先生) or “an old man of respite” (半閑老叟). He was a significant writer who straddled the boundary between the old and new literature during the Japanese rule period. He hailed from Lukang Township in Changhua County, Taiwan.
Chou Ting-shan was born in Lukang Street, Changhua County, Taichū Prefecture, during the Japanese rule period in Taiwan. His early life was marked by modest means, and he worked as a carpenter and apprentice in a fabric store. However, due to his solid foundation of knowledge in classical Chinese literature and language, he was later employed as a teacher, forsaking his career in commerce. Throughout his life, he held various other positions, such as reporter, editor, head of the Civil Affairs Department in Huwei Township, and cataloger at Taichung Library.

## Activities

In 1958, Chou Ting-shan founded the Respite Recitation Society (半閒吟社) in Lukang and served as its president. Most of the society's members were local residents of Lukang, establishing a strong bond with the community. In his later years, he taught Chinese in Lukang. Chou’s literary works are mostly poetry, encompassing essays, prose, and novels, as well.
In his spare time, he was active in the poetry scene in Taiwan and maintained connections with renowned northern poets such as Yu Youren (于右任), Chia Ching-teh (賈景德), Chen Han-kuang (陳含光), and so on. Even upon his return to his hometown, he continued to intermittently attend poetry gatherings such as the Fengyuan Fu Chun Poetry Society (富春吟社) and the Taichung Yun Hsiang Poetry Society (芸香吟社). Later, employed by Lukang Township Office, he taught Chinese at Chuan Chiao Hall (泉郊會館) and imparted his knowledge of calligraphy all over Lukang. In his late years, despite frequently suffering from illness as well as the pain of losing his acquaintances and even his own son, he remained dedicated to teaching.

## Works

Chou Ting-shan wrote The Poems of Mainland (大陸吟草), The Poems of Hardscrabble (倥傯唫草), Yi Hou’s Collection of Poems (一吼居詩存), A Compilation of Yi Hou (一吼劫前集), A Compilation of Yi Hou: Sequel (一吼劫後集), The Memoir of Father (先父行述), etc., and he also edited The Anthology of Taiwan Chanting Bowl (台灣擊鉢吟選集). Chou’s new literary pieces can be found in his chapbook titled Yi Hou’s Treasury (一吼敝帚集). The National Museum of Taiwan Literature published The Complete Works of Chou Ting-shan (周定山全集) in 2022.
# 1980 Sonoma State Cossacks football team

The 1980 Sonoma State Cossacks football team represented Sonoma State University as an independent during the 1980 NCAA Division III football season. This was the first year Sonoma State played intercollegiate football since they discontinued the program after the 1971 season. The team was led by head coach Milt Cerf. Cerf was an insurance broker, who had agreed to fund the program himself in 1979. Cerf led the 1979 "club" team to a 3–3 record against junior colleges and freshmen teams.
The 1980 Cossacks were again a club team. Sonoma State finished the season with a record of 6–4. The team outscored its opponents 275 to 195 for the season. The Cossacks played home games at Cossacks Stadium in Rohnert Park, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 6 | 1:30 p.m. | Chapman | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | W 38–0 | 3,000 |
| September 13 | 1:30 p.m. | at Pomona-Pitzer | Claremont Alumni FieldClaremont, CA | W 28–6 | |
| September 20 | 1:30 p.m. | Redlands | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | W 21–14 | 3,000 |
| September 27 | 1:30 p.m. | at Cal State Northridge | North Campus StadiumNorthridge, CA | L 24–35 | 300–500 |
| October 4 | 1:30 p.m. | La Verne | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | W 21–0 | |
| October 11 | 1:30 p.m. | at Occidental | D. W. Patterson FieldLos Angeles, CA | W 45–14 | 800 |
| October 18 | 1:30 p.m. | Saint Mary's | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | L 21–44 | 1,300 |
| October 25 | 7:30 p.m. | at Humboldt State | Albee StadiumEureka, CA | W 49–20 | |
| November 11 | 2:30 p.m. | at San Diego | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | L 7–14 | |
| November 8 | 1:30 p.m. | Azusa Pacific | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | L 21–48 | |
| HomecomingAll times are in Pacific time |||||||
# Cotinis columbica

Cotinis columbica is a species of the Cotinis scarab genus.
# Abhishek Das

Abhishek Das may refer to:
* Abhishek Das (footballer)
* Abhishek Das (cricketer)
# District commissioner (Malawi)

A District Commissioner is an executive post in Malawi for the appointee in charge of the Districts (Prefectures) or administrative localities in Malawi.

## Background

There are 28 Districts in Malawi. The role is similar to that of a governor. The position of DC is appointed by the President of Malawi. DC's are charged with being the point of contact for districts, including being the first respondents of emergency relief in Malawi. The District Assemblies are housed in the District Commissioners Office (DCO). The role of District Commissioners dates back to Malawi's colonial legacy. From 1996 onwards, though, the members of the District Development Committees were the District Commissioner as chairman, traditional chiefs, Local Officials, Party Representatives, Local Members of Parliament and a number of other appointed representatives.

## Authority of DCs

DCs emerged from a colonial post. Banda used them to have access to rural areas. DCs are still appointed by Malawi's central government and are senior administrators in a district who manage district finances. The District Commissioner is the chief executive of the district.
# DD Science

DD Science is a 2019 Indian science television series that aired on national television Doordarshan. It is a one-hour program on science and technology created by Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous organization under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), in association with the public broadcaster, Doordarshan.

## Overview

DD Science is a Hindi-language show that aims to spread scientific awareness among people in India. It was launched by Prasar Bharati, an Indian public broadcasting agency on 15 January 2019. DD Science programs consist of science-based documentaries, studio-based discussions, virtual walkthroughs of scientific institutions, interviews, and short films.

## Episodes

| Episodes | Title | Duration |
| 1 | Tees Meter Telescope | 52:38 |
| 2 | Ek Me Do Jayfal Javitri & ICT in Food | 52:50 |
| 3 | Prakash aur Jeevan And Shapes and Tessellations The maths factors | 52:41 |
| 4 | Harit Kranti And Advance computer | 53:32 |
| 5 | Raksha anusandhan Vikas & Sounding It Out | 52:02 |
| 6 | Kesar & IT Revolution | 53:36 |
| 7 | ALHASAN & Wildlife Conservation | 54:44 |
| 8 | Large Hadron Collider & The Indus Angle | 52:35 |
| 9 | Lahasun chhupa rustam & Banking IT Revolution | 53:17 |
| 10 | Saapekshata ka siddhaant & Network theory | 52:46 |
# BHP Group Limited v Impiombato

BHP Group Limited v Impiombato was a case heard by the High Court of Australia in 2022, which held that foreign residents can be group members in an Australian class action.

## Background

In November 2015, the Fundão dam in Brazil, owned by a joint venture between BHP and Vale, ruptured, resulting in the Mariana dam disaster. The village of Bentro Rodrigues was almost entirely flooded by toxic water and mud. The final death toll was 19, with more than 16 injured.
A class action was lodged in May 2018 in the Federal Court under Part IVA of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 by people who contracted to acquire an interest in fully paid-up ordinary shares in BHP through various international stock exchanges. The members of the class action alleged that they suffered loss due to BHP's contravention of continuous disclosure obligations as set out by the Australian Securities Exchange Listing Rules and the Corporations Act 2001. They further alleged that they suffered loss due to BHP acting in misleading or deceptive conduct, disallowed under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and the Corporations Act.
In 2020, in Impiombato v BHP Group Ltd (No 2), Justice Moshinsky of the Federal Court refused BHP's application to strike the claims of group members in the class action who were not residents of Australia. BHP applied and was granted special leave to appeal to the High Court of Australia.

## Decision

The High Court's decision was handed down on 12 October 2022, with its reasons published the same day. In the published reasons, the Court asked why "If a person in the pool can become a representative party irrespective of their place of residence, as BHP accepts, why can a person in the pool become a group member only if resident in Australia?". The Court found that Part IVA of the Federal Court of Australia Act does not geographically or territorially restrict the ability of a person to be a part of a class action. BHP's argument that section 21(1)(b) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 and the common law presumption against extraterritoriality should both be applied to this case so that Part IVA must be interpreted as not permitting group members who are not resident in Australia was unanimously rejected.
# Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg

The Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (HStAM, "Hessian State Archives in Marburg") is one of the three archives of the Hessisches Landesarchiv and is based in Marburg upon Lahn.
# 2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas

The 2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 15 and 21 September 2014.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ARG | Diego Sebastián Schwartzman | 85 | 1 |
| ARG | Facundo Bagnis | 98 | 2 |
| ARG | Facundo Argüello | 116 | 3 |
| POR | Gastão Elias | 139 | 4 |
| ARG | Guido Andreozzi | 166 | 5 |
| FRA | Axel Michon | 179 | 6 |
| BRA | Guilherme Clezar | 189 | 7 |
| BRA | André Ghem | 194 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of September 8, 2014.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Fabrício Neis
* Ghilherme Scarpelli
* Leonardo Telles
* Marcelo Zormann
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Nicolas Santos
* João Pedro Sorgi
* Ricardo Hocevar
* Caio Zampieri

## Champions
### Singles

* Diego Schwartzman def. André Ghem, 4–6, 6–4, 7–5

### Doubles

* Facundo Bagnis / Diego Schwartzman def. André Ghem / Fabrício Neis, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 5–7, [10–7]
# Chionodes bicolor

Chionodes bicolor is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California and Nevada.