OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of Tupchi-bashis

The Tupchi-bashi ("head of the tupchis") was the commander of the Safavid Empire's artillery corps. He was responsible for the artillery battery (tup-khaneh) and needed materials in relation to the artillery pieces as well. The tupchi-bashi received assistance by an administrative staff, as well as by various officers of lower rank. The term tupchi-bashi was also used to designate the commanders of local artillery batteries in the various cities and provinces of the empire.

## List of Tupchi-bashis
### Reign of Ismail I

* Hamza Beg (1507)
* Mahmud Beg (1516)

### Reign of Tahmasp I

* Ostad Sheikhi Beg (1528-1529)
* Sheikh Ali (1538-1539)
* Darvish Beg (1551-1552)
* Soleiman Beg (1556-1557)

### Reign of Mohammad Khodabanda

* Morad Khan (1580-1581)

### Reign of Abbas I

* Qoreiqchi Khan (1605-1606)
* Barkhordar Beg (1610)

### Reign of Safi

* Mortezaqoli Beg (1637-1638)
* Morad Beg (1642)

### Reign of Abbas II

* Morad Beg (1642)
* Mohammad Beg (1649)
* Hoseinqoli Khan (1655)
* Qalandar Soltan Chuleh Chaghatay (1660-1661)

### Reign of Suleiman I

* Najafqoli Beg (1669-1679)
* Mohammad Hosein Beg (1679-?)
* Musa Beg (1692)
* Abd ol-Razzaq Beg (1693-1695)

### Reign of Sultan Husayn

* Abd ol-Razzaq Beg (1693-1695)
* Abdi Aqa (1697-1698)
* Aliqoli Khan (1711-1714)
* Mohebb-Ali Khan (1716-1721)
* Ahmad Khan (1721)
* Mohammad-Ali Khan (1722)
* His son (1722)

### Reign of Tahmasp II

* Emin Khan (1728-1729)
* Taher Beg (1730-1731)
* Mohammadqoli Khan (1731-1732)
* Yar Beg Khan (1732)

### Reign of Abbas III

* Yar Beg Khan (1732)
* Mehdi Khan (1733)
# Atlantis Massif

The Atlantis Massif is a prominent undersea massif in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is a dome-shaped region approximately 10 miles (16 km) across and rising about 14,000 feet (4,267 m) from the sea floor. It is located at approximately 30°8′N latitude 42°8′W longitude; just east of the intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Atlantis Transform Fault. The highest point of the massif is around 700 metres (2,297 ft) beneath the surface.

## Description

It is believed that the massif was formed underneath the nearby Mid-Atlantic Ridge but was pulled from under the ridge during the movement of the plates, about 1.5 to 2 million years ago. Geologic studies of the massif have indicated that it is not composed of the black basalt typical of the ocean floor but rather of dense green peridotite, which is usually found in the mantle. The central dome is corrugated and striated in a way that is representative of an exposed ultramafic oceanic core complex.
An expedition to the area in 1996 made an important advance in the study of the ocean floor. It found that a steeply sloping detachment fault is associated with the oceanic core complex structure. The dome was caused by mantle material being extruded to the surface. Another expedition discovered the Lost City hydrothermal field near the summit of the ridge in 2000.
Another expedition in 2016, the IODP 357 expedition, targeted this massif, drilling cores.
# Atsuko Betchaku

Atsuko Betchaku (16 February 1960 – 2 February 2017) was a Japanese pacifist and teacher known for her 140,000 Origami Cranes Project in Scotland.

## Early life

Betchaku was born in Japan on the island of Shikoku to parents Misao and Toshio Betchaku. She also had a brother named Yuji.
Betchaku went to Kochi University to become a primary school teacher (1982) and in 1991 she was awarded an MA in education from the University of Tokio.

## Academic work

Betchaku was awarded a PhD by the History of Education department in the University of Edinburgh in 2006. The title of her PhD thesis was 'The Formation and Impact of the Scottish Evangelicals' Programme for Working-class Education, 1818–1846, Including its Influence in Post-meiji Japan'. In 2007 Betchaku published the article 'Thomas Chalmers, David Stow and the St John's Experiment: A Study in Educational Influence in Scotland and Beyond 1819 c. 1850' in the Journal of Scottish Historical Studies.

## Creative and social contributions
### Origami Cranes Project

Atsuko started the 140,000 Origami Cranes Project in 2015. She visualised the project as an expression of hope for those affected by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Atsuko's project also highlights the Treaty to Prohibit Nuclear Weapons – the Ban Treaty.

### Ishinomaki Fund

Atsuko also participated in the Ishinomaki Fund as its committee president. She led the committee during the concert that happened during the 2013 Edinburgh Fringe Festival. She participated in the concert by reading a selection of Tōge Sankichi's work 'Poems of the Atomic Bomb'. Through her guidance, the fundraising concert was able to raise funds to support a high school girl who lost her only parent in the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011.

### Other social contributions

During her stay in the United Kingdom, Atsuko was also active in the Day After the Tsunami Committee and Save the Children, Japan.

## Death

Betchaku died in her home unexpectedly at the age of 56 in Edinburgh, Scotland where she had lived for 18 years.
# Atsuko Hirayanagi

Atsuko Hirayanagi (平栁 敦子, Hirayanagi Atsuko) is a Japanese-American filmmaker.

## Early life

Born in Nagano to schoolteachers and raised in Chiba, Japan, Hirayanagi moved to the Los Angeles area in the early 1990s as a high school exchange student.
She graduated from San Francisco State University with a BA in theater arts. She went on to attend NYU Tisch School of the Arts and graduated with a MFA in film production.

## Career

While in graduate school, her second year project, Mo Ikkai, won the Grand Prix at the 2012 Short Shorts Film Festival in Asia.
Her thesis short film, Oh Lucy!, received a Tisch's First Prize Wasserman Award at the 2014 First Run Festival, and also won more than 25 awards around the globe, including prizes at Cannes Film Festival (2014), Sundance Film Festival (2015), and the Toronto International Film Festival (2014).
Her feature-length version of Oh Lucy! was a recipient of the 2016 Sundance/NHK Award. On June 14, 2017, she was named one of the ″20 Rising Women Directors You Need to Know″ by IndieWire., and was nominated at the 2018 Film Independent Spirit Awards for Best First Feature. The project was funded by Cathay Organisation CEO Meileen Cho.
Hirayanagi was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2018.
On April 29, 2021, Hirayanagi was set to direct the film adaptation of A. Lee Martinez’s novel The Last Adventure of Constance Verity for Legendary Entertainment with Awkwafina set to star.
In March 2022, it was announced that Hirayanagi would serve as showrunner of the Amazon Prime Video original series Modern Love Tokyo.

## Personal life

Hirayanagi is a black belt in Kyokushin Karate, and came in 3rd place in the Los Angeles Cup Women's Category.
Atsuko currently resides in Noe Valley, San Francisco, CA.
# Atom Rhumba

Atom Rhumba is a Basque band formed in Bilbao in 1996.
Their sound may be described as a mix of late 1970s New York rock (ROIR cassettes) and 1950s rock'n'roll fuelled by a strong and primitive rhythm section definitely influenced by James Brown.
All their members come from the metropolitan area of Bilbao. Although they had a constantly fluid line-up, Rober!, singer and main composer, has been in control of the band from the beginning.
Notorious for their incendiary live act, the raw sound of their records (they always play live in the studio) and critical acclaim.

## Current line up

* Rober!: voice, guitar, some keyboards
* Jaime Nieto: bass, keyboards
* Andoni Etxebeste: drums
* Joseba Irazoki: guitar

## Discography
### Albums

* Cosmic Lexicon (2018, El Segell del Primavera)
* Gargantuan Melee (2010, Brian's Records)
* Amateur Universes 2LP/CD (2006, Oihuka Records)
* Backbone Ritmo LP/CD (2003, Munster Records)
* Chasin' The Onagro LP/CD (2001, Munster Records) - produced by Mick Collins
* Dirt Shots 10"/CD (2000, Munster Records)
* Hormonal Riot LP/CD (1997, Munster Records)

### Other

* Josetxo Anitua & Atom Rhumba CD (2005, Noizpop Records) Recorded live with Josetxo Anitua as a singer, including covers of Doc Pomus, Marc Bolan, Velvet Underground, Caetano Veloso, Jonathan Richman & The Modern Lovers, Them and Art Ensemble of Chicago.
* Concrete Mixer LP/CD (2005, Munster Records) Remixes of Backbone Ritmo by Dj Amsia y Carlotta Lotta Love, Templar & Birdy, Kaki Arkarazo, Javi P3z, Akauzazte, Xabier Erkizia, Josetxo & Murky, Manta Ray, Javi Letamendia and -gailu featuring Anari.
* Gone MaxiCd/Maxi (Munster Records, 2004, MRCD262) Gone - Gone(Gone Clone) - Gone(Piccolini remix)
* "Techno Boy"/"Gimme Chaos" (Munster Records, 2004, MRCD262) Cd single
* "Downtown" in Again ... This One's For Johnny 10"/CD(Tribute To Johnny Thunders) 10" (Munster Records, 2001, MR 196)
* "Evil Hearted Ada" in Groovin' Round The World: A Tribute To The Flamin' Groovies 2xCD (Safety Pin Records, 2000, SPCD-010/11)
* "Party Dress" in La Cagarruta Sónica LP (Discos Alehop!, 1997, KAKA 001)
* "Lightning's Girl" in Tribute To Nancy Sinatra Vol. 2 7" (Munster Records, 1998, ref. 7111)
* "Calypso" [different from "Hormonal Riot" one] in Punkin' CD (Munster Records, 1997, MR 124)
* "Bad Record"/"No Square" 7" (1996, Alehop!)
# Aşağıkırzı, Aydıntepe

Aşağıkırzı is a village in the Aydıntepe District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 354 (2021).
# Ave Maria (1953 film)

Ave Maria is a 1953 West German drama film directed by Alfred Braun and starring Zarah Leander, Hans Stüwe and Marianne Hold. It was part of the post-war comeback of Swedish-born Leander who had been one of the biggest German stars of the Nazi era.
The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Ledersteger and Ernst Richter. It was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. Location filming took place in Hamburg, Finland and the Starnberger See.

## Cast

* Zarah Leander as Karin Twerdy aka Maria Talland
* Hans Stüwe as Dietrich Gontard
* Marianne Hold as Daniela Twerdy
* Hilde Körber as Schwester Benedikta
* Carl Wery as Dr. Melartin
* Ingrid Pan as Christa Gontard
* Hans Henn as Thomas Gontard
* Hedwig Wangel as Die Oberin
* Charlotte Scheier-Herold as Schwester Luitgard
* Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur as Dr. Rieser
* Josef Sieber as Conny
* Hans Stiebner as Hanke
* Berta Drews as Kerstin Melartin
* Elisabeth Wendt as Lisa Nilsson
* Etta Braun as Selma
* Zita Uhl as Schwester Beata
* Ingeborg von Freyberg as Schwester Gundula
* Alfred Braun
* Nikolaus Ellin
* Maria Offermanns
* Bertha Picard as Schwester Ursula
* Ernst Rotmund
* Elisabeth Wardt
# Ave Maria (1918 film)

Ave Maria is 1918 British silent drama film directed by Wilfred Noy and starring Concordia Merrel, Rita Jonson and Roy Travers. The story centers around a knight's heir who marries a young woman, while her boyfriend has amnesia.

## Cast

* Concordia Merrel as Margaret
* Rita Jonson as Helen Grey
* Roy Travers as Jim Masters
* H. Manning Haynes as Jack Haviland
* A. B. Imeson as Guy Fernandez
* Sydney Lewis Ransome as Providence
* William Lugg as Sir John Haviland
# Attorney General Van Buren

Attorney General Van Buren may refer to:
* John Van Buren (1810–1866), Attorney General of New York
* Martin Van Buren (1782–1862), Attorney General of New York
# Attorney General Walker

Attorney General Walker may refer to:
* Clifford Walker (1877–1954), Attorney General of Georgia
* Henry N. Walker (1811–1886), Attorney General of Michigan
* Robert Walker (Canadian politician) (1916–1989), Attorney General of Saskatchewan
* Sir Samuel Walker, 1st Baronet (1832–1911), Attorney-General for Ireland
* Thomas Walker (Australian politician) (1858–1932), Attorney General of Western Australia
# Attorney General Turner

Attorney General Turner may refer to:
* Edward C. Turner (1872–1950), Attorney General of Ohio
* Richard C. Turner (1927–1986), Attorney General of Iowa
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metres T37

The Women's 200m T37 had its First Round held on September 13, at 11:11 and the Final held on September 14 at 11:08.

## Medalists

| Gold | Lisa McIntosh Australia |
| Silver | Viktoriya Kravchenko Ukraine |
| Bronze | Maria Seifert Germany |

## Results

| Place | Athlete | First Round | Final |
| 1 | Lisa McIntosh (AUS) | 29.18 Q | 29.28 |
| 2 | Viktoriya Kravchenko (UKR) | 30.01 Q | 29.60 |
| 3 | Maria Seifert (GER) | 29.92 Q | 29.99 |
| 4 | Isabelle Foerder (GER) | 30.51 Q | 30.70 |
| 5 | Evgenia Trushnikova (RUS) | 31.51 q | 31.06 |
| 6 | Oksana Krechunyak (UKR) | 31.16 Q | 31.17 |
| 7 | Marta Langner (POL) | 31.18 Q | 31.25 |
| 8 | Katrina Hart (GBR) | 31.24 q | DNS |
| 9 | Tahlia Rotumah (AUS) | 31.79 | |
| 10 | Leah Robinson (CAN) | 31.85 | |
| 11 | Natalia Jasinska (POL) | 32.01 | |
| 12 | Sabra Hawkes (USA) | 32.36 | |
| 13 | Jenny McLoughlin (GBR) | 32.71 | |
| 14 | Megan Muscat (CAN) | 33.63 | |
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 1500 metres T54

The women's 1,500m T54 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Stadium on 16 September. There were two heats; the first 3 in each heat (Q) plus the 2 fastest other times (q) qualified.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 09:06.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Chantal Petitclerc | Canada | 3:29.87 | Q |
| 2 | Diane Roy | Canada | 3:30.07 | Q |
| 3 | Jessica Galli | United States | 3:30.32 | Q |
| 4 | Sandra Graf | Switzerland | 3:30.69 | q |
| 5 | Shirley Reilly | United States | 3:33.33 | q |
| 6 | Ajara Busonga Mohammed | Ghana | 3:46.56 | |
| 7 | Dague Diop | Senegal | 4:18.84 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Shelly Woods | Great Britain | 3:34.41 | Q |
| 2 | Amanda McGrory | United States | 3:34.56 | Q |
| 3 | Edith Hunkeler | Switzerland | 3:34.68 | Q |
| 4 | Gunilla Wallengren | Sweden | 3:35.40 | |
| 5 | Christie Dawes | Australia | 3:35.80 | |
| 6 | Tracey Ferguson | Canada | 3:36.11 | |

### Final

Competed at 19:19.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Chantal Petitclerc | Canada | 3:39.88 |
| | Shelly Woods | Great Britain | 3:40.99 |
| | Edith Hunkeler | Switzerland | 3:41.03 |
| 4 | Jessica Galli | United States | 3:41.68 |
| 5 | Amanda McGrory | United States | 3:42.17 |
| 6 | Sandra Graf | Switzerland | 3:42.26 |
| 7 | Shirley Reilly | United States | 3:43.54 |
| 8 | Diane Roy | Canada | 3:43.66 |
Q = qualified for final by place. q = qualified by time.
# Ayse Bircan

Ayse Bircan (born 1954) is a Turkish activist and writer. As a young left-wing organizer in Turkey, she was targeted by authorities and fled to England, where her work has focused on refugee rights. Her essay "Black and Turkish" appears in the 1992 anthology Daughters of Africa.

## Early life and youth activism

Ayse Bircan was born in 1954. She grew up in Istanbul, Turkey.
Her great-grandfather had been bought as a slave by a Turkish pilgrim to Mecca, who brought him back to Turkey, freed him, and adopted him, raising him as one of his own children. Her mother was from the only black family in her village; she was told about a man who was also from the only black family in his village, and ran away to marry him. Bircan's father was self-educated and encouraged his children, including his daughters, to pursue education.
In 1971, she matriculated at Istanbul University, where she studied sociology. She did not complete her degree, however, after right-wing students took over the department.
As a student, Bircan became involved in socialist politics and women's rights activism. In 1975, she became editor of the newspaper Young Socialist. That same year, she helped organize İlerici Kadınlar Derneği [tr], the Progressive Women's Organization, led by Beria Onger. Bircan worked for the organization in Bursa, where there was a high concentration of women textile workers.
She was also a founding member of the Turkish Peace Association.

## Government repression and self-exile

The Progressive Women's Organization was banned by the government after four years in operation. Bircan herself became a target for the authorities, and in 1979 she was tried and sentenced to six years in prison for her political work. She went into hiding instead, using false identities and moving frequently.
During a further crackdown on dissidents in 1983, she fled to self-exile in England. It was only after five years of pressure on the Turkish government that her young son was allowed to join her in London.
After settling in England, Bircan continued her activism, turning to refugee rights and support. She helped found the Turkish Community Center in London. She has also worked with the Hackney Refugee Training Consortium and the Imece Women’s Centre, as well as on outreach education with the Refugee Women's Association.
She was able to finally complete her sociology degree after returning to college in the U.K. in 1989.
Bircan has also worked as a journalist and writer. Her essay "Black and Turkish" was featured in the 1992 anthology Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.

## Personal life

In 1975, she married a Kurdish fellow activist. The couple had one son.
# Athrycia trepida

Athrycia trepida is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Turkmenistan, British Isles, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, Iran, Israel, Palestine, China, Mongolia, Russia.
# Augustus Keppel

Augustus Keppel may refer to:
* Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel (1725-1786), Admiral Royal Navy
* Augustus Keppel Stephenson (1827-1904), Treasury Solicitor
* Augustus Keppel, 5th Earl of Albemarle (1794-1851), MP for Arundel
# Augustus Johnson

Augustus Johnson may refer to:
* Augustus S. Johnson, Michigan politician
* Gus Johnson (sportscaster) (Augustus Cornelius Johnson Jr., born 1967), American sportscaster
* J. Augustus Johnson, American consul in Beirut
# August Stöber

August Daniel Ehrenfried Stöber (1808–1884) was an Alsatian poet, scholar and collector of folklore.
He was born on 9 July 1808 in Strasbourg and died on 19 March 1884 in Mulhouse, where he had worked as a teacher. Stöber composed poetry and tales in the Alsatian dialect, and studied the culture and history of his homeland.

## Works

* Elsässisches Sagenbuch. Straßburg 1842.
* Die Lindenkirche. In: Badisches Sagen-Buch. 2. Band. Karlsruhe: Creuzbauer und Kasper, 1846, S. 140–141
* Die Sagen des Elsasses. St. Gallen 1852.
# B Is for Beer

B is for Beer is a novella by Tom Robbins published in 2009 by HarperCollins. It is a children's book about Gracie Perke, a young girl exploring the world of beer. She learns why every adult enjoys it and why she is not allowed to drink it.

## Musical Adaptation

The book was subsequently adapted into a musical, "B Is for Beer: The Musical", co-written by Robbins and Ben Lee.

## Release details

* Hardcover – ISBN 0-06-168727-8 (ISBN 978-0-553-07625-7) published on April 21, 2009, by HarperCollins
* CD Audio Book - ISBN 0-06-171908-0 (ISBN 978-0-06171908-0) published on April 21, 2009, by HarperCollins
* E-Book – ISBN 0-06-176836-7 (ISBN 978-0-06176836-1) published on April 21, 2009, by HarperCollins
# B Hydrae

The Bayer designation b Hydrae refers to three different stars in the constellation Hydra:
* b$^1$ Hydrae, (3 Crateris, HD 93397), an F-type main-sequence star
* b$^2$ Hydrae, (5 Crateris, 249 G. Hydrae, HD 94046), an A-type main-sequence star
* b$^3$ Hydrae, (6 Crateris, 257 G. Hydrae, HD 94388), a F-type main-sequence star
# BC Mgzavrebi-Armia

BC Mgzavrebi (Georgian: საკალათბურთო კლუბი არმია), also known as Mgzavrebi Tbilisi, is a professional basketball club based in Tbilisi, that plays in the Georgian Super Liga. The club was affiliated to the Georgian Ministry of Defense.

## History

Armia traces its roots to the first army sports club of Tbilisi, which was formed in 1937 and went on to win the USSR basketball championship twice, in 1944 and 1946. A reformed Army Sports Club (ASK) then participated in the Georgian national championship for three seasons, between 1996 and 1999.
The current club was re-established in 2010, and made its debut in the Superliga on November 6 of that year. Coached by Levan Moseshvili, they established themselves as the strongest team in the country straight away, winning the championship title by defeating TSU Tbilisi 3-1 in the play-off finals. They also won the Georgian Cup, and the Georgian Super Cup that year.
For the 2011–12 season, the coaching role was taken up by former player and club captain Kote Tugushi. The club signed a number of high-profile foreign players, including some with NBA experience, such as Sundiata Gaines, Jeremy Richardson and Guillermo Diaz. Armia competed on international stage in EuroChallenge competition, where they were narrowly eliminated at the group stage. However, they convincingly retained the Superliga title by finishing the regular season without a loss, and defeating BC Olimpi 3-1 in the play-off finals. They once again completed a clean sweep of trophies by winning the Cup and the Super Cup.
The club went into the 2012-13 season with a strong squad that included experienced international players such as Curtis Millage, Marcus Faison and Lamayne Wilson. Nevertheless, Armia were once again eliminated at the group stage of EuroChallenge. A decision by the Ministry of Defence to reduce its funding of the club led to the departure of all foreign players in December. With an all-Georgian squad, Armia still managed to finish in a respectable 3rd position in the Superliga play-offs. However, the club ended the season without a major domestic trophy for the first time since its reformation in 2010.

## Season by season

| Season | Domestic competitions | Domestic competitions | Domestic competitions | Domestic competitions | Cup competitions | European competitions | European competitions | European competitions |
| Season | Tier | League | Pos. | Postseason | Georgian Cup | Tier | League | Result |
| 2010–11 | 1 | Super Liga | 1 | Champion | Champion | – | – | – |
| 2011–12 | 1 | Super Liga | 1 | Champion | Champion | 3 | EuroChallenge | Regular season |
| 2012–13 | 1 | Super Liga | 4 | Semifinalist | Semifinalist | 3 | EuroChallenge | Regular season |
| 2013–14 | 1 | Super Liga | 2 | | | – | – | – |
# Attorney General Harrison

Attorney General Harrison may refer to:
* Albertis Harrison (1907–1995), Attorney General of Virginia
* Thomas Harrison (fl. 1760s), Attorney General of Jamaica
* William Henry Harrison (Canadian politician) (1880–1955), Attorney General of New Brunswick
# Aura (woreda)

Aura is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 4, Aura is bordered on the southwest by Ewa, on the west by Gulina, on the north by Teru, and on the east by Administrative Zone 1; the Logiya River defines part of its southeastern boundary. The largest settlement in Aura is Derayitu.

## Overview

The average elevation in this woreda is 459 meters above sea level. As of 2008, Awra has 65 kilometers of dry-weather road; about 29.02% of the total population has access to drinking water.
A notable landmark in Awra is the plain of Karbahi, the location of two recent fissure eruptions, one on 12 August 2007 and more recently 29 June 2009. This is one incident in the separation of continental plates in the Afar Depression. The eruptions at Karbahi are being studied by the Afar Rift Consortium, a joint project of geologists in Great Britain working with other scientists in U.S., France and New Zealand, and most importantly, Ethiopia.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 34,604, of whom 18,999 are men and 15,605 women; with an area of 2,317.86 square kilometers, Awra has a population density of 14.93. While 1,651 or 4.77% are urban inhabitants, a further 22,140 or 63.98% are pastoralists. A total of 6,394 households were counted in this woreda, which results in an average of 5.4 persons to a household, and 6,507 housing units. 99.46% of the population said they were Muslim.