OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irwin Magnetic Systems

Irwin Magnetic Systems, Inc., also known as Irwin Magnetics, was a computer storage manufacturer active from 1979 to 1989 and based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was founded by Samuel Irwin in 1979 as Irwin International, Inc. The company's primary export was magnetic tape data storage and backup systems for personal computers. Irwin was one of the first companies to manufacture quarter-inch cartridge (QIC) systems for the personal computer market. In 1989, the company was acquired by Cipher Data Products.

## History

Irwin Magnetic Systems was founded in 1979 as Irwin International, Inc., by Samuel Irwin. Irwin International spent the first few years of its existence developing a QIC–style magnetic tape data storage system, but the company was unable to develop a viable product.
In July 1983, Samuel Irwin transferred the assets of Irwin International into a separate holding company, Irwin Magnetic Systems. Unlike its predecessor, Irwin Magnetics was able to successfully develop a microcomputer tape system to market. Called the Irwin Backup, this system made use of 3M's DC100 tape format and was primarily intended as a means of backing up data. The Irwin was a commercial success, and the company soon inked deals with Compaq and NCR, personal computer manufacturers who resold the drives as value-adds for their machines.$^{:31}$ A few years later, Irwin introduced the AccuTrak, based on the then-common DC2000 tape cartridge format and featuring a proprietary embedded servo to increase data density. Initially sold exclusively for Macintosh computers, Irwin eventually released it for IBM PCs and compatibles, earning design wins from PC manufactures such as Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM, the latter of which sold them as an optional for their Personal System/2 (PS/2) line of PCs.
At its height in the mid-1980s, Irwin Magnetics employed 600 people in Ann Arbor. The company went public in 1986. In 1988, the company acquired Kennedy Company, a prolific tape drive manufacturer for minicomputer systems, from Shugart Corporation for an undisclosed amount. In 1989, Irwin was acquired by Cipher Data Products for US$77 million. Cipher was in turn acquired by Archive Corporation a year later. Archive maintained Irwin as an independent brand for a while after the acquisition.

## Notable products

* EzTape – backup and restore software
* AccuTrak Plus – 120-MB and 250-MB tape drives
# Batrage

Batrage (Serbian Cyrillic: Батраге) is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 121 people.
# Isaac Elzevir

Isaac Elzevir (11 March 1596, in Leiden – 8 October 1651, in Cologne), in Dutch Isaac Elsevier, was a Dutch publisher and printer who began printing with one of the earliest printing press in the city of Leyden in the year 1617. Although the House of Elzevir ceased publishing in 1712, the modern Dutch Elsevier company was founded in 1880 and took its name from the historic Dutch publishing house.

## Biography

Isaac was the 2nd of Matthijs Elzevir's three sons and grandson of Lodewijk Elzevir, founder of the House of Elzevir. His publishing career spanned nine years and dominated the Leiden University printing business.
Isaac began his career buying a print shop in Leyden in 1616 and by 1620 was appointed Printer to Leiden University. In 1625 Isaac brought the printing business of Thomas van Erpe with oriental fonts from his widow for the very large sum of 8000 guilders. With the oriental typography of the Erpenius equipment—including Syrian, Arab, Aramaic and Hebrew fonts—they acquired a monopolistic position in the field of oriental typography. A year later, in 1626, Isaac sold his publishing business to his uncle Bonaventure Elzevir and nephew Abraham Elzevir.
Isaac left Leyden after selling the printing business and purchased a tavern in Rotterdam. In 1629, he abandoned innkeeping to become provost general for the Admiralty of South Holland, Admiralty of de Maze, and Waal. Later, he became a brewer with his two youngest sons. Isaac died in Cologne in 1651 while traveling on business.

## Elzevir Mark

The Elzevir mark has been in use since Isaac introduced it in Leyden in 1620. It depicts a vine or a snake entwined Elm tree. A man stands beside the tree which supports a banner bearing the Latin motto Non Solus (not alone).
Images of the Elsevir mark appear at:
* Library of Congress (image at right)
* University of Illinois main library printer's mark
# Battered corner

Battered corners are an architectural detail in some buildings.
Old Dutch Church (Kingston, New York) and Upper Sandy Guard Station Cabin are two U.S. National Register-listed places that have them.
# Bateshwar

Bateshwar may refer to:
* Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh, a village in India
** Bateshwar Halt railway station
* Wari-Bateshwar ruins, an ancient fort city dating back to 450 BC in Bangladesh
* Bateshwar, Morena, an ancient site in Morena district, Madhya Pradesh, India
* Bateshwar hills, Purnia district, Bihar, India
* Bateshwar Rural Municipality, Nepal
* Bateshwar Hembram (1931–2018), Indian politician
# Baumann Fiord

Baumann Fiord is a natural inlet in the south-west of Ellesmere Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut in the Arctic Archipelago. To the west, it opens into Norwegian Bay. Hoved Island lies in the fiord.
# Bayan University

The Bayan University (Arabic:جامعة البيان) is an educational institution based in the city of Khartoum, Sudan. It was established in 1997 as the "Bayan College of Science and Technology", and admitted the first students in 1998. The university offers diplomas in Construction Engineering and Construction, Information Technology and Engineering of medical equipment. It offers bachelor's degrees in Computer Science, Information Systems and Electronic Engineering. The university is a member of the Sudanese University Libraries Consortium.
In 2021 the college had been upgraded to a university by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research>
# Bayne House

Bayne House may refer to:
# Bayoba

41°25′41″N 48°42′22″E﻿ / ﻿41.42806°N 48.70611°E﻿ / 41.42806; 48.70611
Bayoba is a village in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Yergüc.
# Be Yourself and 5 Other Cliches

"Be Yourself and 5 Other Cliches" is the second single from hard rock supergroup Rock Star Supernova and was released on the band's self-titled debut album.

## Rock Star: Supernova

The song is only one of four tracks from the album that were performed on the reality show, Rock Star: Supernova. On the show, the song was first performed by Toby Rand.

## Jimmy Kimmel Live!

The band performed the song on the late-night American television talk show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!.
# Be Evil

Be Evil is a collection of freestyle tracks and battles by American indie hip hop artist Doseone. Many of the tracks on the album were live recordings from Doseone and Jel's freestyle school, "freestyleclass".
Limited copies of the album were sold on Themselves' 2009 tour.

## Track listing

* "Unpredictable Still"
* "Def to Death"
* "Go Beastish (vs. LEV)"
* "Stabbed By Kittens (vs. Zano, Glympse Automatik and Reed Richards)"
* "Do Your Hair"
* "Oh That's Wow (vs. Bisque and Broke MC)"
* "Pocket Pussy + Fake Chain"
* "Prisonphonefree"
* "End of Class"
* "96 97 98"
# Be Easy (Massari song)

"Be Easy" is a song by Lebanese Canadian R&B singer Massari. It was released in April 2005 from his self-titled debut album Massari.

## Music video

A music video was made for the song, which won "Best Pop Video" at the 2006 MuchMusic Video Awards. It features Massari with a yellow Lamborghini with some ladies dancing.

## Charts

| Chart (2005-2006) | Peak position |
| Canada CHR/Pop Top 30 (Radio & Records) | 7 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 70 |
# Be Easy

Be Easy may refer to:
* "Be Easy" (T.I. song), a single by T.I
* "Be Easy" (Massari song), a single by Massari
* "Be Easy" (Ghostface Killah song), a single by Ghostface Killah
# Bauhinia mombassae

Bauhinia mombassae is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Bavayia loyaltiensis

Bavayia loyaltiensis is a species of geckos endemic to New Caledonia.
# Isoamyl alcohol

Isoamyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with the formula C $_5$H $_{12}$O, specifically (H$_3$C–)$_2$CH–CH$_2$–CH$_2$–OH. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol (pentanol). It is also known as isopentyl alcohol, isopentanol, or (in the IUPAC recommended nomenclature) 3-methyl-butan-1-ol. An obsolete name for it was isobutyl carbinol.
Isoamyl alcohol is an ingredient in the production of banana oil, an ester found in nature and also produced as a flavouring in industry. It is a common fusel alcohol, produced as a major by-product of ethanol fermentation.

## Occurrence

Isoamyl alcohol is one of the components of the aroma of Tuber melanosporum, the black truffle.
Fusel alcohols like isoamyl alcohol are grain fermentation byproducts, and therefore trace amounts of isoamyl are present in many alcoholic beverages.
The compound has also been identified as a chemical in the pheromone used by hornets to attract other members of the hive to attack.

## Extraction from fusel oil

Isoamyl alcohol can be separated from fusel oil by either of two methods: shaking with strong brine solution and separating the oily layer from the brine layer; distilling it and collecting the fraction that boils between 125 and 140 °C. Further purification is possible with this procedure: shaking the product with hot limewater, separating the oily layer, drying the product with calcium chloride, and distilling it, collecting the fraction boiling between 128 and 132 °C.

## Synthesis

Isoamyl alcohol can be synthesized by condensation of isobutene and formaldehyde which produces isoprenol, then hydrogenation. It is a colourless liquid of density 0.8247 g/cm$^3$ (0 °C), boiling at 131.6 °C, slightly soluble in water, and easily dissolved in organic solvents. It has a characteristic strong smell and a sharp burning taste. On passing the vapour through a red-hot tube, it decomposes into acetylene, ethylene, propylene, and other compounds. It is oxidized by chromic acid to isovaleraldehyde, and it forms addition compounds crystals with calcium chloride and tin(IV) chloride.

## Uses

Besides its use in the synthesis of banana oil, isoamyl alcohol is also an ingredient of Kovac's reagent, used for the bacterial diagnostic indole test.
It is also used as an antifoaming agent in the chloroform isoamyl alcohol reagent.
Isoamyl alcohol is used in a phenol–chloroform extraction mixed with the chloroform to further inhibit RNase activity and prevent solubility of RNAs with long tracts of poly-adenine.

### Drugs

IAA is also used as the reactant in the synthesis of the following list of drugs:
* Amixetrine
* Amoproxan
* Camylofin
* Fenetradil
# Beccariophoenix madagascariensis

Beccariophoenix madagascariensis, commonly known as the coastal beccariophoenix, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a large Coconut relative that is vulnerable in its habitat in Madagascar.

## Range and habitat

Beccariophoenix madagascariensis is native to Madagascar's eastern rainforests, between Tolagnaro and Mantadia.
It is found in humid lowland forest and mid-elevation humid montane forest from sea level to 1,200 meters elevation. It is found in forests with a slightly open canopy, typically on poor soils derived from white sand or on podzolized ridge tops.
There are only three known populations, which are severely fragmented. There are an estimated 900 mature individual trees.

## Similar species

Beccariophoenix fenestralis was previously considered a variety of this species. It is quite different when a seedling, in having wide, mostly unsplit leaves, whereas B. madagascariensis has fully split, very stiff upright leaves when young.

## Use

Young leaflets are used to make hats.
# Isona i Conca Dellà

Isona i Conca Dellà (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Pallars Jussà in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the Conques river in the south-east of the comarca. It was formed in 1970 by the fusion of the following municipalities: Isona, Basturs, Benavent de la Conca, Biscarri, Conques, Covet, Gramenet, Llordà, Masos de Sant Martí, Montodó, Orcau i Figuerola d'Orcau, Sant Romà d'Abella and Siall. The town hall is in Isona. The municipality is served by the C-1412 road between Artesa de Segre and Tremp, and is linked to Coll de Nargó by the L-511. It includes a small exclave to the south.
The church of Santa Maria in Covet and Llordà castle are protected historico-artistic monuments.

## Subdivisions

The municipality of Isona and Conca Dellà is formed of fourteen villages. Populations are given as of 2005:
* Basturs (40), three kilometres south-east of Orcau
* Benavent de la Conca (26), at the foot of a 200 m hill of conglomerate
* Biscarri (53), at the foot of the Moles range at the edge of the Tremp basin
* Conques (98)
* Covet (5)
* Figuerola d'Orcau (181)
* Gramenet (1)
* Isona (619)
* Llordà (10)
* Els Masos de Sant Martí
* Montadó (3)
* Orcau (18)
* Sant Romà d'Abella (89)
* Siall (6)

## Demography

Populations from before 1970 are the totals of the populations of the former municipalities.
| 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1986 | 2007 |
| 3522 | 2695 | 2257 | 1615 | 1502 | 1153 |
# Istanbul Championship League

The Istanbul Championship League was a soccer league that operated for just one year, 1914. Fenerbahçe S.K. won this league.

## League table

1. Fenerbahçe
2. Türk İdman Ocağı
3. Darüşşafaka SK
4. Hilal
5. Darülmuallimin
* This article about a Turkish association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Beecher's Trilobite type preservation

The preservational regime of Beecher's Trilobite Bed (Upper Ordovician) and other similar localities involves the replacement of soft tissues with pyrite, producing a three-dimensional fossil replicating the anatomy of the original organism. Only gross morphological information is preserved (unlike Orsten type phosphate replacement), although the fossils are compressed some relief is preserved (unlike Burgess Shale type preservation).
The pyrite formed in voids left when soft tissue had decayed, and the tough exoskeleton formed a cavity which could be filled by euhedral pyrite. Pyrite replacement of soft tissue can only occur in exceptional circumstances of sediment chemistry when there is a low organic content, but a high concentration of dissolved iron.
When a carcass is buried in such sediment, sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria break down its organic matter producing sulfide. The high concentration of iron in the sediment converts this to iron mono-sulfide. Finally, aerobic bacteria convert this by oxidation to pyrite. The requirement of early anaerobic and later aerobic bacteria means that the pyritisation must occur in the upper levels of the sediment, close to the aerobic-anaerobic interface. If the organic content of the sediment is too high the dissolved iron precipitates in the sediment and not in the carcass. Seawater sulfate ions diffusing toward animal carcasses enabled sulfate-reducing bacteria to oxidize the reactive organic matter of these remains, but the sulfide produced reacted promptly with the abundant Fe$^{2+}$ ions of the pore water and pyrite precipitated right on the organic remains.
# Beecher, Queensland

Beecher is a rural locality in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Beecher had a population of 876 people.

## Geography

The Calliope River forms the western boundary of the locality. Clyde Creek flows through the locality from the south towards the north-west where it flows into the Calliope River at the most north-western part of the locality. The residential and farming mainly occurs on the lower land (0–10 metres above sea level) surrounding the creek. The Dawson Highway and the Moura railway line also passes from north to south through the locality in this lower-lying area.
The land in the east of the suburb is hillier (rising to 130 metres) and is protected as the Mount Maurice State Forest. Mount Beecher (156 metres) in the south-west of the locality, much of which is protected as the Beecher State Forest.

## History

Beecher is named after Mount Beecher, which was named in 1853 by surveyor Francis MacCabe apparently after Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. McCabe also named Mount Tom and Mount Stowe in the same area.
Calliope River State School opened on 11 August 1874 and closed in December 1881. Calliope River Provisional School on 1 November 1882 and closed in 1893. Calliope River Provisional School opened in 1897 but closed in 1905. Calliope River State School opened on 27 May 1912, it was renamed Beecher State School in 1919, and closed on 4 July 1943.
The locality was served by the Beecher railway station (23°54′03″S 151°12′17″E﻿ / ﻿23.9009°S 151.2046°E﻿ / -23.9009; 151.2046﻿ (Beecher railway station)) on the Moura railway line, but the station is now abandoned.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Beecher had a population of 863 people.
In the 2021 census, Beecher had a population of 876 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Beecher. The nearest government school is Clinton State School in Clinton to the north. The nearest government secondary schools are Gladstone State High School in West Gladstone to the north and Toolooa State High School in South Gladstone to the north-east.
# Bel Air (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| laut.de | |
| metal.de | 8/10 |
Bel Air is the fourth studio album by the German alternative rock band Guano Apes, and the first released after the band's reunion in 2009. It was released on 1 April 2011 on Columbia Europe, eight years after their previous album Walking on a Thin Line.

## Background

The album marked a notable change in style for Guano Apes, as it shows the band leaving their alternative rock roots behind and incorporating elements of dance and pop music in their songs, with synthesizers and electronic drum loops fulfilling prominent roles in multiple songs.
Bel Air entered the German album charts at No. 1. Single "Oh What a Night" reached No. 37 on the German charts.
The album is available in four different editions: a standard edition (one disc), deluxe edition (one disc and poster), gold edition (two discs), and a vinyl edition (two records and poster).

## Music videos

Four music videos were filmed for songs off of Bel Air: "Oh What a Night", "Sunday Lover", "This Time" and "When the Ships Arrive".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Sandra Nasić

## Personnel

* Mastered by – Kai Blankenberg
* Mixed by – Arne Neurand (tracks: 5, 6, 8, 10 to 14), Randy Staub (tracks: 2), Terry Date (tracks: 7), Tom Lord-Alge (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 9)
* Produced by – Guano Apes, Jon Schumann
# Beirut Rose

The Beirut Rose ('Meideauri'), also known by its French name Rose de Beyrouth, was developed by the French rose producer, Meilland International SA, and unveiled at the ninth Garden Show & Spring Festival, which is held annually at the Beirut Hippodrome in Lebanon.
According to Meilland, the Beirut Rose, a "romantic-looking" bloom, was developed "in tribute to the resilience" of the city of Beirut, and its six-month blooming season symbolizes the "tenacious nature" of Lebanon's capital, which "has resurged from conflict and tragedy time and again".
The pink rose will be planted in the garden of Martyr's Square in Beirut and throughout Lebanon.
The rose is available worldwide in Meilland's catalogue and at the nursery of its agent in Lebanon, Robinson Agri.

## Characteristics

* Stems bear five to 25 flowers each
* Blooms have some 75 to 80 petals
* 100% disease resistant
* Blooms continuously from June through December
# Bedotiinae

Bedotiinae are a subfamily of the rainbowfish family Melanotaeniidae, commonly known as the Madagascar rainbowfish, Madagascan rainbowfish, or Malagasy rainbowfish due to their endemism to Madagascar. It includes two genera, Bedotia and Rheocles.

## Anatomy and morphology

As the common name rainbowfish implies, they are generally colorful fishes. Bedotiins are elongated, laterally compressed, and rarely exceed 100 mm in standard length. Bedotiins exhibit varying degrees of sexual dimorphism, which is quite pronounced in some species. The anal fin spine is weak or absent.

## Distribution

The entire family of Bedotiidae is endemic to Madagascar. Bedotiins occur exclusively in freshwater environments and are distributed in small to medium-sized forested rivers and streams, occasionally in swamps and marshes, spanning nearly the entire eastern slope of Madagascar (R. derhami is recorded from a westward draining Sofia River basin in the northeast of the island).
Bedotiin fishes are under severe threat because of rapid deforestation and habitat modification throughout most of their range. Because Bedotia and Rheocles are generally the first to exhibit population declines or disappear from areas where habitat is moderately to highly disturbed or degraded, they are reliable indicators of ecosystem health and stability.

## Taxonomy

This subfamily includes the two genera Bedotia and Rheocles, with at least 16 species. This subfamily is monophyletic. This group is considered by Nelson, 2016 Fishes of the World to be a subfamily of the family Melanotaeniidae. When treated as a family it has been placed by some authorities in a suborder Melanotaenioidei which includes the sister groups Bedotiidae and Melanotaeniidae, as well as Pseudomugilidae (including Telmatherininae). The sister-group relationship between these taxa is most parsimoniously explained by the break-up of Gondwana.
# Dallaway

Dallaway is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Dallaway (born 1970), British canoer
* James Dallaway (1763–1864), British antiquary, topographer, and writer
# Levi Fox bibliography

Dr. Levi Fox OBE, DL, MA, FSA, FRHistS, FRSL (28 August 1914 – 3 September 2006), was an author of numerous articles and books, particularly on topics relating to William Shakespeare and local history.

## List

| Book title | Year |
| A County Grammar School | 1967 |
| A Shakespeare Treasury | 1998 |
| A splendid occasion | 1973 |
| An Illustrated Introduction to Shakespeare's Birds | 1978 |
| An Illustrated Introduction to Shakespeare's Flowers | 1994 |
| Anne Hathaway's Cottage | 1994 |
| Celebrating Shakespeare | 1964 |
| Coventry's Heritage | 1947 |
| Historic Stratford-upon-Avon | 1986 |
| In honour of Shakespeare | 1972 |
| Inside Hall's Croft | 1979 |
| Leicester Abbey | 1949 |
| Leicester Forest | 1948 |
| Mary Arden's House and the Shakespeare Countryside Museum | 1994 |
| New Place | 1966 |
| Oxford | 1951 |
| Oxford in Colour | 1987 |
| Shakespeare Country (Discovering) | 1940 |
| Shakespeare in Medallic Art | 1982 |
| Shakespeare on Glass | 1984 |
| Shakespeare's birthplace | 1986 |
| Shakespeare's England | 1972 |
| Shakespeare's Magic | 1985 |
| Shakespeare's town and country | 1959 |
| Shakespeare's town, Stratford-upon-Avon | 1949 |
| Stratford past & present | 1975 |
| Stratford upon Avon | 1952 |
| Stratford-upon-Avon and the Shakespeare country | 1972 |
| Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare's Town | 1994 |
| The administration of the honour of Leicester in the fourteenth century | 1940 |
| The borough town of Stratford-upon-Avon | 1953 |
| The early history of King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon | 1984 |
| The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust: A Personal Memoir | 1997 |
| The Shakespeare book | 1969 |
| The Shakespeare Handbook | 1988 |
| The Shakespearian gardens | 1966 |
| The Shakespearian properties | 1967 |
| William Shakespeare | 1964 |