OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Erving

Erving may refer to:

## People

* Cameron Erving (born 1992), American football player
* George W. Erving (1769–1850), American diplomat
* Joona Erving (born 1994), Finnish hockey player
* Julius Erving (born 1950), American basketball player, also known as "Dr. J"
* Erving Goffman (1922–1982), Canadian sociologist and writer
* Erving Walker (born 1990), American basketball player

## Places

* Erving, Massachusetts
* Erving Township, Jewell County, Kansas
* Erving State Forest, located in Erving, Warwick, and Orange, Massachusetts
# Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Comrs of Customs and Excise

Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1975] UKHL 4 is an English contract law case, concerning the rule of creation of legal relations in English law.

## Facts

Esso offered a World Cup coin with likenesses of the England 1970 squad players, given to every motorist buying over four gallons of petrol. HM Customs & Excise argued these coins should have purchase tax charged on them because they were ‘produced in quantity for general sale.’

## Judgment
### Court of Appeal

Lord Denning MR said it was amazing that this case had got so far. He said the coins were not 'sold'.

### House of Lords

The House of Lords (Lord Fraser dissenting) agreed with the Court of Appeal that the petrol, not the coins, was being sold. But, then, on the question of whether the coins were being given under a contractual obligation, or as a mere gift, Lord Simon of Glaisdale, Lord Wilberforce and Lord Fraser agreed there was intention to create legal relations, given the heavy onus of proof to show a bargain was not intended. Lord Russell and Viscount Dilhorne dissented on this point, saying that the language in the poster advertisements that the coins were 'going free' and the minimal value of the coins indicated no intention to create legal relations.
# Euchromius gnathosellus

Euchromius gnathosellus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found from west to central Africa, including Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria and the Central African Republic. The habitat consists mainly of plantation areas mixed with pockets of secondary forest.
The length of the forewings is 14–20 mm. Adults are on wing from October to the beginning of December with a peak in the last two weeks of November.
# Eudalaca albiplumis

Eudalaca albiplumis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from South Africa.
# Etna-class cruiser (1941)

The Etna class were two cruisers originally ordered in Italy for the Thai Navy in 1938 and subsequently requisitioned for service by the Italian Navy on the outbreak of World War II, neither ship was completed and the damaged hulls were scrapped after the war.

## Design

The Thai government ordered two light cruisers from CRDA, Trieste in 1938. The ships were to displace 5,500 tons and be armed with six 6-inch (152 mm) guns in three twin turrets. Work on the vessels continued after Italy entered the war at a slowed pace until the Italian government took over the contract in late 1941.
The Italians modified the design to have 5.3-inch (135 mm) guns as main armament and 2.6 in (65 mm) guns as anti-aircraft armament. The aircraft equipment and torpedo tubes were also deleted and the superstructure modified. Extra cargo space comprising four holds of 600 cubic metres (21,000 cu ft) total volume, was also included to enable the ships to act as fast transports to North Africa. Collapsible crane derricks were fitted to access the cargo space. Extra accommodation was fitted in the former seaplane hangar and on the main deck.

## Ships

| Ship | Laid down | Launched | Fate |
| Etna (ex-Taksin) | 23 September 1939 | 28 May 1942 | Scuttled September 1943 |
| Vesuvio (ex-Naresuan) | 26 August 1939 | 6 August 1941 | Scuttled September 1943 |
When Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943 the hulls of the ships were 53% complete. Although both vessels were sabotaged before being captured by the Germans, they were able to continue some construction work before abandoning the project. The ships were scuttled in Trieste harbour in 1945. The hulls were re-floated and scrapped in the late 1950s.
# Etiquette in Africa

As expectations regarding good manners differ from person to person and vary according to each situation, no treatise on the rules of etiquette nor any list of faux pas can ever be complete. As the perception of behaviors and actions vary, intercultural competence is essential. However, a lack of knowledge about customs and expectations within African cultures can make even the best intentioned person seem rude, selfish, or worse.

## Generalizations

Etiquette across Africa is not uniform. Even within the small countries in Africa, etiquette may not be uniform: within a single country there may be differences in customs, especially where there are many ethnicities, as in Eritrea where there are nine ethnic groups. Africa represents an enormous expanse of geography with an incalculable amount of cultures and customs.

### Religion

A number of countries in Africa have many traditions based in Islam and share values with other parts of the Muslim world. As such, guidelines regarding etiquette in the Middle East are often applicable to these places. This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries which include many of the West African nations such as Senegal, Chad and Mali. Even though most people would consider themselves as Muslim, many adherents in these areas mix it with local animism. Many, whatever their religious adherence, to some extent believe in supernatural forces and that certain people, primarily doctors, herbalists, diviners, or marabouts (religious figures) have the power to utilise these forces. It is common to see people wearing amulets (called “gris-gris”) around their waist, neck, arms, or legs. People consult with diviners or marabouts to protect themselves against evil spirits, to improve their financial status or bring them love, to cure chronic illnesses, to settle disputes, or to place a curse on another person.

### Southern Africa

In Southern Africa, it is considered polite to receive a gift with the right hand. In interactions between social classes (e.g. between a young person and an older man) the younger person should not meet the eye of the older (this politeness is perceived as evasiveness by western cultures). It is considered impolite to disappoint an outsider, so queries such as "how far is it," can be met with positive sounding answers like "it is really close" when the destination is very far away. It is polite to pretend agreement with another's point of view, even if there is no agreement. Holding out both hands cupped together is the proper way to respectfully request or beg for a gift.
# Eucephalus tomentellus

Eucephalus tomentellus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Brickellbush aster or rayless aster. It grows on openings in oak or conifer forests the Siskiyou Mountains of the US States of California and Oregon.
Eucephalus tomentellus is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall, with a woody caudex. Stems are covered with woolly or cottony hair. Leaves are whitish and waxy. One plant will usually produce 3-40 flower heads in a large array. Each head has 0-6 purple-violet ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
# Eucephalus glaucescens

Eucephalus glaucescens is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Klickitat aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations on and near Mount Adams in the south-central part of the US State of Washington.
Eucephalus glaucescens is a perennial herb up to 160 cm (5+1⁄3 ft) tall, with a woody caudex. Stems are hairless. Leaves are whitish and waxy. One plant will usually produce 5-60 flower heads in a large array. Each head has 8-13 purple ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
# Eucephalus ledophyllus

Eucephalus ledophyllus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Cascade aster. It is native to Washington, Oregon and northern California in the United States, mostly in the Cascade Mountains. Some of the populations are inside national parks and monuments: Mount Rainier National Park, North Cascades National Park, and Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument.
Eucephalus ledophyllus is a perennial herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, with a large woody caudex. One plant will usually produce 3-20 flower heads in a showy array. Each head has 5–21 purple ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

## Varieties

* Eucephalus ledophyllus var. covillei (Greene) G.L.Nesom - Oregon, California - flower stalks not cottony
* Eucephalus ledophyllus var. ledophyllus - Washington, Oregon - flower stalks cottony
# Eucephalus gormanii

Eucephalus gormanii is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Gorman’s aster. It grows on rocky slopes and on cliffs at high elevations in the Cascade Mountains of the US State of Oregon.
Eucephalus gormanii is a perennial herb up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall, with short rhizomes and a woody caudex. Stems are hairless. One plant will usually produce 2-5 flower heads per stem. Each head has 5-13 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
# Ethiopia–Serbia relations

Ethiopia and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Ethiopia and SFR Yugoslavia in 1962. Serbia has an embassy in Adis Abeba. Both Ethiopia and Serbia are majority Eastern Christian nations. Ethiopia is one of Serbia's strongest advocates in Africa when it comes to their position on the recognition of Kosovo.

## History
### Yugoslavia period

The former state of Yugoslavia maintained diplomatic ties with Ethiopia and shared membership of the NAM bloc. Josip Broz Tito granted Haile Selassie I the title of honorary citizen of the city of Belgrade. The first vessel of the Ethiopian Navy was a gift from Yugoslavia, and as a sign of thanks Marshal Tito was given a villa in Addis Ababa which is now the Serbian Embassy.

### Contemporary period

In 2012, after travelling to Addis Ababa in order to reaffirm Ethiopia's stance on Kosovo regarding Serbia, Vuk Jeremić and Haile Mariam signed a memorandum of understanding between the two nations' ministries of foreign affairs.

## Economic relations

In 2011, as a result of a meeting between Serbian tractor manufacturer Industrija Motora Rakovica announced it would begin exporting tractor frames and motors to Ethiopia for assembly. The first of the partially assembled tractors from Rakovica arrived in Ethiopia later that year.
# Eucosmophora pithecollobiae

Eucosmophora pithecollobiae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Belize and from Florida in the United States.
The length of the forewings is 3-3.9 mm for males and 3.3–4 mm for females.
The larvae feed on Pithecollobium guadalupense, Pithecollobium macrandrium and Pithecollobium unguis-cati. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from the generic name, Pithecellobium, of the larval host plant.
# Eucosmophora ingae

Eucosmophora ingae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Costa Rica.
The length of the forewings is 3.1-3.6 mm for males and 3.1-3.4 mm for females.
The larvae feed on Inga oerstediana and Pithecollobium catenatum. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from the generic name, Inga, of the larval host plant.
# Euchlora

Euchlora hirsuta is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a tuberous geophyte endemic to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is the only species included in the genus Euchlora, which is part of tribe Crotalarieae.
# Eudactylinidae

Eudactylinidae is a family of copepods, most of which live as parasites on the gills of elasmobranch fishes; two genera lives on the gills of teleost fishes (Heterocladius and Jusheyus).

## Genera

The family Eudactylinidae contains the following genera:
* Bariaka Cressey, 1966
* Carnifossorius Deets & Ho, 1988
* Dangoka Izawa, 2011
* Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853
* Eudactylinella C. B. Wilson, 1932
* Eudactylinodes C. B. Wilson, 1932
* Eudactylinopsis Pillai, 1968
* Heterocladius Deets & Ho, 1988
* Janinecaira Benz, Smith, Bullard & Braswell, 2007
* Jusheyus Deets & Benz, 1987
* Nemesis Risso, 1826
* Protodactylina Laubier, Maillard & Oliver, 1966
# Eucamptognathus diacritus

Eucamptognathus diacritus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Alluaud in 1913.
# EuDaly

EuDaly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kevin EuDaly, American author and publisher
* Sue EuDaly, character in Blue Jeans (1917 film)
# Eulimella lissa

Eulimella lissa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The white shell is small with a length of 6 mm. It has a pupiform shape. The teleoconch contains eight flattened whorls . The sculpture is smooth and polished. The suture is distinct.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* North West Atlantic
* Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA
# Euphorbia xanti

Euphorbia xanti, known as Baja spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Mexico, occurring in Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. This species is a shrubby succulent, valued in gardening for drought tolerance and its abundant fragrant cyathia with colourful bracts. As most other succulent members of the genus Euphorbia, its trade is regulated under Appendix II of CITES.
# Eupeodes nitens

Eupeodes nitens is a Palearctic species of hoverfly.

## Description

Resembles other Eupeodes. Determination is problematic. Key references are Van der Goot,V.S. (1981) The adult insect is illustrated in colour by Stubbs and Falk (1983).

## Distribution and biology

It is found from Fennoscandia south to the Pyrenees and from England eastwards through Central and Southern into Siberia and the Russian Far East on to the Pacific coast in Fagus forest and alpine grassland from May August.
# Eupeodes luniger

Eupeodes luniger is a common species of hoverfly.
It is characterized by hook-shaped markings along the center of its abdomen.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera Wing length 7·5-8·5 mm. Male: postocular orbit less than 0.5 of its maximal width near vertex. Female: frons with white dust spots, the undusted area extending as a black Y- shape into the yellow part. Tergite 5 with yellow side margin.
The male genitalia are figured by Dusek and Laska (1973). The larva is illustrated by Rotheray (1993)

## Distribution

Palaearctic from Fennoscandia South to Iberia and the Mediterranean basin. Ireland East through Europe into Asia Minor. European Russia, the Russian Far East and Siberia to the Pacific coast (Kuril Isles). Japan. North India. A highly migratory species .

## Biology

Habitat: Open ground, dune grassland, grassland and forest, woodland clearings and tracks, farmland and orchards, suburban gardens. Up to 2,000m in the Alps. Flowers visited include white Umbelliferae, Calluna, Leontodon, Malus sylvestris, Polygonum cuspidatum, Prunus spinosa, Ranunculus, Rosa rugosa, Senecio, Taraxacum. The flight period is April to November (earlier in South Europe). The larva feeds on aphids. Barkemeyer (1994) details the biology of E. luniger
# Eupeodes nielseni

Eupeodes nielseni is a Palearctic hoverfly.

## Description

It resembles Eupeodes luniger and other Eupeodes. Determination is problematic. Key references are Haarto, A. & Kerppola, S. (2007) and Bartsch, H., Binkiewicz, E., Rådén, A. & Nasibov, E. (2009). The male terminalia are figured by Dusek and Laska (1976). The adult insect is illustrated in colour by Stubbs and Falk (1983) and Torp (1994). The larva is described and figured by Rotheray (1994).
It is found from Fennoscandia south to the Pyrenees and Alps and from Britain eastwards through Northern and Central Europe into European Russia in Pinus forest from May to August. The larvae feed on Pinus aphids.
# Eurhodope

Eurhodope is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1825.

## Species

* Eurhodope cinerea (Staudinger, 1879)
* Eurhodope cirrigerella (Zincken, 1818)
* Eurhodope confusella (Walker, 1866)
* Eurhodope cruentella Duponchel, 1842
* Eurhodope incensella Staudinger, 1859
* Eurhodope incompta Zeller, 1847
* Eurhodope infixella (Walker, 1866)
* Eurhodope monogrammos Zeller, 1867
* Eurhodope notulella (Ragonot, 1888)
* Eurhodope nyctosia Balinsky, 1991
* Eurhodope rosella Scopoli, 1763
# Eukoenenia mirabilis

Eukoenenia mirabilis is a species of palpigrades, also known as microwhip scorpions, in the Eukoeneniidae family. It was described in 1885 by Italian arachnologists Giovanni Battista Grassi and Salvatore Calandruccio.

## Distribution and habitat

Eukoenenia mirabilis is a tramp species found in Europe and North Africa that has become introduced elsewhere. The type locality is Catania, Sicily.

## Behaviour

The palpigrades are soil-dwelling, terrestrial predators.
# European Journal of Nutrition

The European Journal of Nutrition is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering nutrition science. It was established in 1960 as Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft, obtaining its current name in 1999. It is published eight times per year by Springer Science+Business Media and the editor-in-chief is Bruce Griffin (University of Surrey). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 4.449. The Journal is included in the Index Medicus and in MEDLINE.
# Euryestola morotinga

Euryestola morotinga is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1997. It is endemic to Brazil.
# Eutropis allapallensis

Eutropis allapallensis, the Allapalli grass skink or Schmidt's mabuya, is a species of skink endemic to India.

## Distribution

Eutropis allapallensis is widely distributed in central and peninsular India. Its type locality is Allapalli Forest near Chanda.

## Habitat

This species occurs in tropical dry and moist deciduous and open scrub forests. It can also be found near human habitations and in arable land. It is locally abundant throughout its range.
# Eupithecia proterva

Eupithecia proterva is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Russia, Japan, Taiwan and Korea.
The wingspan is about 16–20 mm. Adults are on wing from March to May in one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Acer mono, Quercus mongolica and Viburnum plicatum.
# Eupithecia ptychospila

Eupithecia ptychospila is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Madagascar.
# Ewen Cameron (soldier)

Captain Ewen Cameron (1811 – April 26, 1843) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Texas, who participated in the ill-fated Mier Expedition.

## Biography

Cameron was born in Scotland, probably into a Scottish Gaelic-speaking family in Lochaber, and was named in honor of Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, 17th Chief of Clan Cameron. He emigrated first to Kentucky and came to Texas in 1836, arriving just after the Texas Revolution.
In late December 1842, the Mier Expedition was a raid on the Mexican border settlement of Ciudad Mier, which turned into the Batalla de Mier when the Mexican Army arrived. Cameron and the other Texans were taken prisoner, after inflicting a large number of casualties on the other side.
At a location called El Rancho Salado, a jar containing 159 white beans and 17 black beans was presented to the Texan prisoners. Each man drew a bean from the jar, while blindfolded. The 17 Texan prisoners who drew black beans were executed at dusk by a Mexican firing squad. This is known as the Black Bean Episode and occurred on March 25, 1843, three months after the Battle of Mier.
Cameron had selected a white bean, which should have saved his life. Yet he had earned the hostility of Mexican Colonel Antonio Canales Rosillo for his role in his embarrassing defeat in the Battle at Fort of Lipantitlán, Texas, in July 1842, and for Cameron's role in leading an escape attempt. Colonel Canales urged the Mexican dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna to have Cameron executed.
On April 25, 1843, the prisoners who had drawn white beans were being moved to Mexico City. As they traveled, a courier arrived with orders from Santa Anna for Cameron's execution. Cameron was shot by a firing squad at Perote Prison in the state of Veracruz, the next morning, April 26, 1843. Cameron refused to confess to a priest, and declined the offer of a blindfold, declaring, "For the liberty of Texas, Ewen Cameron can look death in the face." He then opened his hunting shirt and yelled at his executioners, "Fuego!" (Fire!).
Cameron was presumably buried at Perote, Veracruz. Therefore, his remains were not among those exhumed a few years later and returned to Texas.
Cameron County, Texas, and Cameron, Texas, are named for Ewen Cameron.
# Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Moldova

The Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Moldova (ELCRM) (unofficial English translation; Russian: Евангелическо-лютеранская церковь в Республике Молдова (ЕЛЦРМ)) is a small Lutheran church body in the Republic of Moldova. Reverend Vladimir Moser is the superintendent of the ELCRM.

## History

The Lutheran Church in Moldova has its roots in the 18th century. In 1994 Natalia and Vladimir Moser, with a group of German Lutheran families, started to rebuild the Lutheran church in Moldova. In 1997 Vladimir Moser was ordained and appointed as a preacher of the Lutheran congregation in Tiraspol. Moser founded congregations in Bender, Chișinău, Rîbnița, and Camenca. In the spring of 1999, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Moldova was registered formally with the Moldovan authorities.
Norsk Luthersk Lekmannsmisjon (NLL) started missionary work in Moldova in the fall of 1999 and created a formal cooperation agreement with the ELCRM. A little later the Nordisk Östmission (NÖ) also began missionary work in Moldova. also in cooperation with the ELCRM. Financial support from NÖ, has made it possible for the ELCRM to buy the Lutheran Center, a car and a garage for the church, instruments for revival meetings, as well as liturgical equipment.
# Euptychia sophiae

Euptychia sophiae is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in western Brazil and in the neighbouring department of Loreto in north-eastern Peru. The habitat consists of submontane dense ombrophilous (very wet) forests.
The length of the forewings is 18–19 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named in honour of Thamara Zacca's niece, Laura Sophia.
# Eurema celebensis

Eurema celebensis is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in the Sula Islands Regency, Indonesia, on the islands of Sulawesi and Sula. It was first described by Alfred Russel Wallace and named Terias celebensis.

## Description

Wallace originally described the species as follows:
   Male. — Above, black, with a suborbicular yellow patch extending from near the costa of the upper wings to just below the cell of the lower wings, twice sinuated towards the apex of the uppers, elsewhere regularly curved. Beneath, yellow, with spots arranged as in T. tominia. Female. — Dusky black, with a small subovate yellow patch across the end of the cell of the upper wings. The lower wings with the inner margin yellow, extending in an ovate patch between the cell and the outer angle.