# BBCH-scale (canola)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of canola are:
| Growth stage | Code | Description |
| 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
| 0: Germination | 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
| 0: Germination | 03 | Seed imbibition complete |
| 0: Germination | 05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
| 0: Germination | 07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed |
| 0: Germination | 08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface |
| 0: Germination | 09 | Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 11 | First leaf unfolded |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 12 | 2 leaves unfolded |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 13 | 3 leaves unfolded |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 1 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 1: Leaf development$^1$ | 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 20 | No side shoots |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 22 | 2 side shoots detectable |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 23 | 3 side shoots detectable |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 2 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”) |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 31 | 1 visibly extended internode |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 32 | 2 visibly extended internodes |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 33 | 3 visibly extended internodes |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 3 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 3: Stem elongation$^2$ | 39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 51 | Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”) |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 52 | Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 53 | Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 55 | Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 57 | Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 59 | First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”) |
| 6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers open |
| 6: Flowering | 61 | 10% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating |
| 6: Flowering | 62 | 20% of flowers on main raceme open |
| 6: Flowering | 63 | 30% of flowers on main raceme open |
| 6: Flowering | 64 | 40% of flowers on main raceme open |
| 6: Flowering | 65 | Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling |
| 6: Flowering | 67 | Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen |
| 6: Flowering | 69 | End of flowering |
| 7: Development of fruit | 71 | 10% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 72 | 20% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 73 | 30% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 74 | 40% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 75 | 50% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 76 | 60% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 77 | 70% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 78 | 80% of pods have reached final size |
| 7: Development of fruit | 79 | Nearly all pods have reached final size |
| 8: Ripening | 80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
| 8: Ripening | 81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 83 | 30% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 84 | 40% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 85 | 50% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 86 | 60% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 87 | 70% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 88 | 80% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 8: Ripening | 89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
| 9: Senescence | 97 | Plant dead and dry |
| 9: Senescence | 99 | Harvested product |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20 2 Visibly extended internode n develops between leaf n and leaf n+1