OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grand Entrance to Birkenhead Park

The Grand Entrance to Birkenhead Park is at the northeast entrance to Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England. It consists of three arches flanked by lodges and is in Ionic style. The entrance was designed by Lewis Hornblower, with amendments by Joseph Paxton, the designer of the park. The park, and its entrance, were opened in 1847. The Grand Entrance is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

## History

Birkenhead Park was the first park in the world to be developed from public funds. It was designed by Joseph Paxton and its construction was supervised by Edward Kemp. Paxton appointed Lewis Hornblower to design the Grand Entrance. His plans were accepted by the Road and Improvement Committee in May 1845, but Paxton was not happy with them and made changes. The Grand Entrance was built by John and William Walker of Birkenhead between 1845 and 1847. The park, with its Grand Entrance, was opened on 5 April 1847 by Lord Morpeth, on the same day that Birkenhead Docks were opened.

## Description

The Grand Entrance is built in ashlar stone, and is in Ionic style. It consists of three arches flanked by a pair of lodges. The central arch is the largest, and contains a carriageway, and on either side there are smaller arches for pedestrians. The whole structure is about 19 metres (62 ft) high. The central arch is flanked by pairs of unfluted columns, and above it is a decorative attic containing the arms of the town and the date. The lodges are identical, in two storeys, and with three bays separated by pilasters. They have sash windows, and at the tops there are balustraded parapets.

## Appraisal

The Grand Entrance was designated as a Grade II* listed building on 29 June 1950. Grade II* is the middle of the three grades and is granted to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Hartwell and colleagues comment in the Buildings of England series that it is "grand indeed". The park itself is designated at Grade I in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. It influenced the design of Central Park in New York, which opened in 1858.
# Kalaito Pombero

Kalaito Pombero is a 1981 novel by Paraguayan writer Tadeo Zarratea. It is one of the first novels to be ever written in the Guarani language, preceded just a year earlier by Mitã rerahaha (written by Juan Maidana [es]).
# Katherine Binney Shippen

Katherine Binney Shippen (April 1, 1892 – February 20, 1980) was an American history teacher, museum curator, and children's writer.

## Early life and education

Shippen was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on April 1, 1892, to Francis and Ellen Shippen. She earned a B.A. degree from Bryn Mawr College in 1914 and an M.A. from Columbia University in 1929.

## Career

While studying for her master's degree, Shippen taught history at the Beard School (now Morristown-Beard School) in Orange, New Jersey (1917–26) and then at The Brearley School in Manhattan borough (1926–35). She then served as the headmistress at Miss Fine's School (now Princeton Day School) in Princeton, New Jersey, for the next nine years. In 1945, the Brooklyn Children's Museum named Shippen curator of the social studies department. In the same year, she published her first book, New Found World. Shippen published 21 books throughout her career and twice won the Newbery Honor Award. Several of her books have been translated into Swedish, German, Polish, Spanish, and Greek editions. She died on February 20, 1980, in Suffern, NY.

## Books

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1945 | New Found World | 1946 Newbery Honor recipient Junior Literary Guild selection |
| 1947 | The Great Heritage | Junior Literary Guild selection |
| 1949 | The Bright Design | Junior Literary Guild selection |
| 1949 | Moses | |
| 1950 | Passage to America: the story of the great migrations | |
| 1950 | Lightfoot: the story of an Indian boy | |
| 1951 | Leif Eriksson, first voyager to America | |
| 1951 | A Bridle for Pegasus | |
| 1953 | Big Mose | |
| 1954 | The pool of knowledge: how the United Nations share their skills | |
| 1954 | I Know a City: the story of New York's growth | |
| 1955 | Miracle in motion: the story of America's industry | |
| 1955 | Men, Microscopes, and Living Things | - 1955 Newbery Honor recipient - Later published under the title So Many Marvels in 1968 |
| 1955 | Mr. Bell Invents the Telephone | Reprinted as Alexander Graham Bell Invents the Telephone, 1982 |
| 1957 | Men of Medicine | |
| 1958 | Andrew Carnegie and the Age of Steel | |
| 1958 | This Union Cause: The Growth of Organized Labor in America | |
| 1959 | Milton S. Hershey | with Paul A. W. Wallace |
| 1963 | Portals to the Past: The Story of Archaeology | |
| 1963 | The Heritage of Music | with Anca Seidlova |
| 1964 | Men of Archaeology | |
# Inflationary spike

An inflationary spike occurs when a particular section of the economy experiences a sudden price rise possibly due to external factors. For example, if a large amount of crop is destroyed, the value of the remaining crop will rise sharply. This will distort the overall measure of inflation (headline inflation). Core inflation seeks to avoid the influence of these spikes by excluding areas of the economy such as food and energy which may be susceptible to such shocks.
# Aakkula

Aakkula is a smaller district in Tampere, Finland, located about four kilometers from its city center. Aakkula is bordered on the west by Vuohenoja, on the east by Viiala, on the south by Turtola and on the north by Messukylä. In 2012, Aakkula had 465 inhabitants.
The Aakkula house, which belonged to the village of Messukylä, was already mentioned in the 1540 land register. The house is located along the current Aakkulankatu street and may have been named after its owner in 1566–1618 by Aukusti Erkinpoja. The Aakkula house became the office building of the Messukylä chaplain in 1678. In 1928, the church council of the Messukylä parish decided to sell the lands of Aakkula as detached houses and agricultural estates. The first estates were sold from the area in 1931 and the last in 1939. At the beginning of the Messukylä municipal association at the beginning of 1947, the area moved to the city of Tampere and its town plan was approved in the same year.
# E. Hamilton West

Edward Hamilton West (July 25, 1906 – July 10, 1977) was a bishop of The Episcopal Church, serving in the Diocese of Florida from 1948 to 1974.

## Early life and education

West was born on July 25, 1906, in Birmingham, Alabama, the son of Edward Hamilton West and Clarine Buell. He was educated at the Birmingham–Southern College and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1926. He then studied at the Virginia Theological Seminary and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1931. He also graduated with Master of Arts in 1934 from the University of Idaho. On August 29, 1933, he married Charlotte Matthews, and together had three children.

## Ordained ministry

West was ordained deacon in June 1931 by Bishop William G. McDowell of Alabama and priest in December of that year by Bishop Middleton S. Barnwell of Georgia. He then became minister- in-charge of St Agnes' Church Sandpoint, Idaho and of St Mary's Church in Bonners Ferry, Idaho in 1931. In 1932 he became rector of St Mark's Church in Moscow, Idaho, and in 1935 became chaplain of the Chapel of Incarnation of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. In 1941 went to Augusta, Georgia to serve as rector of Saint Paul's Church. He also served as deputy to the General Convention of 1943 and 1946.

## Bishop

On April 28, 1948, West was elected on the 12th ballot as Coadjutor Bishop of Florida during a special convention which took place in St John's Church, Jacksonville, Florida. He was consecrated October 4, 1948 by Presiding Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill. He succeeded as diocesan on February 1, 1956. In 1964, he ordered all churches under his jurisdiction to end racial segregation. He retired on December 31, 1974.
# 10-inch/31-caliber gun

The 10"/31 caliber gun Mark 1 Mod 1 (spoken "ten-inch-thirty-one--caliber") and the 10"/35 caliber gun Mark 1 Mod 2 were both used for the primary batteries of the United States Navy's Amphitrite-class monitor Miantonomoh. The 10"/30 caliber gun Mark 2 was used as main armament on the remaining Amphitrite-class monitors, the monitor Monterey, and the armored cruiser Maine.
The Navy's Policy Board called for a variety of large caliber weapons in 1890, with ranges all the way up to 16-inch (406 mm). This 10-inch (254 mm) gun had been in development since 1885. The Navy desired a light weight heavy weapon with a 10-inch bore to arm their coastal monitors and the armored cruiser Maine, which would later be classified a "Second Class Battleship." The 10-inch/31 caliber gun would be the first heavy breech loader (BL) gun in the "New Navy" and be the ancestor to all large caliber BL guns built in the United States.

## Mark 1

The 10-inch Mark 1 was a built-up gun constructed in a length of 31 caliber, Mod 0 and Mod 1, and also 35 caliber, Mod 2. These were both mounted in pairs on Mianonomoh and numbered 1–4 by the Navy. Both of the Mod 0 and Mod 1 guns had a tube, jacket, with the Mod 1 having a thicker jacket, and 15 hoops with a locking ring. The hoops started 5.91 in (150 mm) from the breech and extended to the muzzle. The Mod 2, was a 35 caliber gun of similar constructions but had only 14 hoops with a locking ring. These were all constructed of gun steel.

## Mark 2

The Mark 2 was an even simpler construction with only 11 hoops, a different breech mechanism and reverting to a shorter, 30 caliber length, barrel. Eighteen were built, Nos. 5–26. These would be the guns used on the remaining Amphitrite-class monitors, Monterey, and Maine.

## Naval service

| Ship | Gun Installed | Gun Mount |
| USS Miantonomoh (BM-5) | Mark 1 Mod 1: 10"/31 caliber Mark 1 Mod 2: 10"/35 caliber | Mark 1: 2 × Twin Turrets |
| USS Amphitrite (BM-2) | Mark 2: 10"/30 caliber | Mark 2: 2 × twin turrets |
| USS Monadnock (BM-3) | Mark 2: 10"/30 caliber | Mark 2: 2 × twin turrets |
| USS Terror (BM-4) | Mark 2: 10"/30 caliber | Mark 4: 2 × twin turrets |
| USS Monterey (BM-6) | Mark 2: 10"/30 caliber | Mark 2: 1 × twin turret |
| USS Maine (ACR-1) | Mark 2: 10"/30 caliber | Mark 3: 2 × twin turrets |

## Surviving Guns

Two Mark 2 guns from USS Maine exist in Havana, Cuba, where they were incorporated into a memorial dedicated to victims of the ship's destruction.
# Christine Warnke

Christine M. Warnke is a senior vice president at Capitol Hill Consulting Group in Washington, D.C., and a local talk show host. She is an at-large member of the District of Columbia Democratic State Committee. Previously, she was a lawyer at Hogan Lovells.

## Early years and education

Warnke graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1975. She earned a doctoral degree at UMD’s public health school in 1993. In 2005, she was awarded the university's Outstanding Alumnus Award.

## Political career

From 1996 to 1998, she chaired the D.C. Commission for Women and was reappointed by Mayor Anthony A. Williams in 2002. She was one of Mayor Adrian Fenty's four appointments to the D.C. Humanities Council. In April 2014, Warnke was elected to a city-wide DC Democratic State Committee position.
In 2012 Warnke was appointed chair of the White House Project to advance Women's Leadership in Washington DC.

## Awards and recognition

* 1994 Confirmed by Senate as member of the board of directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences
* 1999 Ellis Island Medal of Honor
* 2004 Opportunities Industrialization Centers International, Leon Sullivan Outstanding Achievement Award
* 2002 Daughters of Penelope, Women of the Year Award
* 2005 University of Maryland Distinguished Alumnus award, Public Health & Human Performance
* 2009 Gusi Peace Prize Laureate in Economics and Humanitarianism
* 2013 Tuskegee Airmen Award during the Presidential Inauguration of 2013

## Active association positions

* December 2014 Commissioner for the Real Estate Commission of the District of Columbia
* Founding President of the Hellenic American Women's Council
* Board member of the National Museum of African Art
* Board member for Friend of the Children of Angola and Human Trafficking Foundation
* Board Member of Airline Ambassadors International
* Advisory Board member of the Euclid Financial Group
* Member at large committeewoman
# Fear Bisigh mac Domhnaill Óig

Fear Bisigh mac Domhnaill Óig, eponymous ancestor of Clann Mac Fir Bhisigh of Connacht, fl. 11th century.
Ó Muraíle believes Fear Bisigh to have been born sometime in the second half of the 11th century.
The forename Fear Bisish is very rare:"biseach means increase, growth or improvement and there are several derived senses" (according to Fr. Paul Walsh), while Fr. Patrick Woulfe's interpretation is "man of prosperity." Ó Muraíle suggests that "(a) ... the name many denote 'man of a leap-year', and (b) that Fear Bisigh may be similar in meaning to fear breise, 'extra man', perhaps denoting a son born long after the next youngest (male) child."
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh gives his ancestor's pedigree as Fear Bisigh (a quo Clann Fhir Bhisigh) mac Domhnall Óg mac Domhnall Mór mac Aonghus mac Lochlainn Lough Conn mac Eoin mac Conchabhar na Conairte', and recorded somewhat dubiously as a descendant of Nath Í mac Fiachrach. His descendants would include:
* Amhlaoibh Mór mac Fir Bhisigh, poet, cleric and historian, died 1138.
* Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh, historian, fl. 1390−1418
* Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, historian, died 1671.
# Baksansky District

Baksansky District (Russian: Бакса́нский райо́н; Kabardian: Бэхъсэн къедзыгъуэ; Karachay-Balkar: Бахсан район, Baxsan rayon) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 829.58 square kilometers (320.30 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Baksan (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 60,970.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Baksansky District is one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and has administrative jurisdiction over all of its thirteen rural localities. The town of Baksan serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Baksansky Municipal District. Its thirteen rural localities are incorporated into thirteen rural settlements within the municipal district. The town of republic significance of Baksan is incorporated separately from the district as Baksan Urban Okrug, but serves as the administrative center of the municipal district as well.
# Govindapur

Govindapur may refer to:
* Govindapur, India
* Govindapur, Dhanusa, Nepal
* Govindapur, Parsa, Nepal
* Govindapur, Morang, Nepal
# Kandamangalam block

11°54′53″N 79°40′39″E﻿ / ﻿11.9147817°N 79.6775956°E﻿ / 11.9147817; 79.6775956
The Kandamangalam block is a revenue block in the Viluppuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 45 panchayat villages. It is located at about 15 km from Puducherry Main city. All the four sides are surrounded by Puducherry. It has important administrative offices like Block Development Office, Revenue Inspector Office, and VAO Office. Kandamangalam police station (B-6) is located at about 500 meters from Kandamangalam Bus Stop.

## Panchayat Villages

Details of 45 Village Panchayats in Kandamangalam block;
* V. AGARAM
* ARPISAMPALAYAM
* AZHIYUR
* CHINNABABUSAMUDRAM
* GENGARAMPALAYAM
* KALINJIKUPPAM
* KALITHIRAMPATTU
* KALLALIPATTU
* KANDAMANGALAM
* KODUKKUR
* KONDUR
* KONGAMPATTU
* KOOTHAMPAKKAM
* KRISHNAPURAM
* KUMULAM
* MATHUR .V
* MITTAMANDAGAPATTU
* MOTCHAKULAM
* MUTRAMPATTU
* NAVAMALKAPAIR
* NAVAMALMARUDHUR
* NERKUNAM .V
* PAKKAM
* PAKKIRIPALAYAM
* PALLINELIYANUR
* PALLIPUDUPATTU
* PALLITHENNAL
* PANCHAMADEVI
* PARASUREDDIPALAYAM
* PERIYABABUSAMUDRAM
* POOVARASANKUPPAM
* PUDHUR .V
* RAMPAKKAM
* SESHANGANUR
* SIRUVANTHADU
* SITHALAMPATTU
* SORAPPUR
* SORNAVUR KEELPATHY
* SORNAVUR MELPATHY
* THANDAVAMOORTHYKUPPAM
* THIRUMANGALAM
* VADAVAMBALAM
* VADHANUR
* VALUDHAVUR
* VEERANAM
# Katherine Safford Harris

Katherine Safford Harris is a noted psychologist and speech scientist. She is Distinguished Professor Emerita in Speech and Hearing at the CUNY Graduate Center and a member of the Board of Directors Archived 2006-03-03 at the Wayback Machine of Haskins Laboratories. She is also the former President of the Acoustical Society of America and Vice President of Haskins Laboratories.

## Career

Working with Alvin Liberman, Franklin S. Cooper and colleagues at Haskins Laboratories in the 1950s , the Pattern playback, a mechanical speech synthesis device, was used to help uncover the acoustic cues for the perception of phonetic segments (consonants and vowels). Liberman, Harris and colleagues proposed a motor theory of speech perception. Harris went on to lead the speech production program at Haskins Laboratories. In the 1960s Harris and colleague Peter MacNeilage were the first researchers in the U.S. to use electromyographic techniques, pioneered at the University of Tokyo, to study the neuromuscular organization of speech. In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s Katherine Harris continued her pioneering work on speech production with colleagues Gloria Borden, Frederica Bell-Berti and many others. Of particular note is work on coarticulation that examined the phasing and cohesion of articulatory speech gestures.
She received degrees from Radcliffe College and Harvard University.

## Awards

* In 1988 she won Honors of the Association from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, recognizing "contributions to the field of speech, language, and hearing," and the highest honor that the Association gives.
* In 2005 she won the Silver Medal in Speech Communication from the Acoustical Society of America "for research and leadership in speech production."
* In 2007 she won the ASA Gold Medal from the Acoustical Society of America "for pioneering research and leadership in speech production and dedicated service to the Society"
# Inferior labial vein

The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip.

## Additional images

* Lateral head anatomy detail
* Head anatomy anterior view
# Eadhun

Eadhun was a medieval Bishop of Winchester. He was consecrated between 833 and 838. He died in 838.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 223
# 11-Ketoprogesterone

11-Ketoprogesterone (brand name Ketogestin; former developmental code names Bio 66, U-1258), or 11-oxoprogesterone, also known as pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane steroid related to cortisone (11-keto-17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) that was formerly used in veterinary medicine in the treatment of bovine ketosis. It was synthesized in 1940. The steroid has profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism and possesses activities associated with adrenal cortex hormones like cortisone. However, it is non-toxic even in high dosages, suggesting that it lacks conventional glucocorticoid activity, and it does not possess mineralocorticoid activity, unlike other adrenocortical hormones. 11-Ketoprogesterone may act through membrane glucocorticoid receptors.
11-Ketoprogesterone is reportedly devoid of androgenic, estrogenic, and progestogenic activity. 11β-Hydroxyprogesterone has also been reported to be devoid of progestogenic activity, but has subsequently been reported to possess about 1% of the progestogenic activity of progesterone. A halogenated derivative of 11-ketoprogesterone, 9α-bromo-11-ketoprogesterone, possesses relatively high progestogenic activity. Similarly to 11α-hydroxyprogesterone and 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-ketoprogesterone is reported to act as an inhibitor of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It has also been found to act as a weak negative allosteric modulator of the GABA$_A$ receptor.
# Christopher P. Costa

Christopher P. Costa (born 1962) is a retired US Army intelligence officer with 34 years of service, culminating in his role as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Counterterrorism at the National Security Council, White House. He is now the executive director of the International Spy Museum.

## Background

Costa was 10 years old when the Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympics happened. He identified that moment as partly inspiring his decision to go into intelligence, special operations, and counterterrorism work. Costa grew up in Natick, Massachusetts and graduated from Natick High School in 1980; he was inducted into Natick High School's Wall of Achievement in 2005.
In 1984, Costa graduated with B.A. in Criminal Justice from Norwich University.
In 2002, he earned an M.A. in Strategic Intelligence from American Military University, and in 2006 he earned an M.A. in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College.

## Career

During his 34-year long government career, he spent 25 years in counterintelligence, human intelligence, and with special operations forces in the US Army. During that time, he was deployed to Panama, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
His career began in 1984 when he was commissioned in the US Army where he served in infantry and intelligence until 2009. As his roles and responsibilities increased, he took on positions such as Chief of Human and Counterintelligence for U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) and the Commander of a Theater Special Operations Task Force for Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT).
From May 2009 until December 2015, Costa was with the Naval Special Warfare Development Group, where he was the first civilian squadron deputy director.
For the next two years, Costa served as Program Director of the Operations Directorate with United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).
He spent a year (Jan 2017-Jan 2018) as the Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Counterterrorism at the National Security Council, focused on coordinating counterterrorism policy, strategy, and on hostage response and recovery activities.
Costa has been the director of the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC since 2018.
He is currently an adjunct associate professor at the Security Studies Program & Center for Security Studies, Edward A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University. He is also on the Advisory Council of Hostage US and is on the board of directors for the Foley Foundation.

## Awards and honors

In May 2013, Costa was inducted into the United States Special Operations Command's (USSOCOM) Commando Hall of Honor. He has two Bronze Stars for human intelligence work in Afghanistan, as well as the Defense Superior Service Medal and the Legion of Merit. In 2024, he was awarded the James W. Foley American Hostage Freedom Award.
# Grant Township, Grundy County, Iowa

Grant Township is a township in Grundy County, Iowa, United States.
# Kamel Ait Daoud

Kamel Ait Daoud (born 18 May 1985) is an Algerian rower. He competed in the men's lightweight double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He represented Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the Men's Lightweight Double Sculls with partner Sid Ali Boudina. They finished in 17th place.