OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Italian submarine Domenico Millelire

Domenico Millelire was one of four Balilla-class submarines built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during the late 1920s.

## Design and description

The Balilla-class submarines were the first cruiser submarines built for the Regia Marina. They displaced 1,450 metric tons (1,427 long tons) surfaced and 1,904 metric tons (1,874 long tons) submerged. The submarines were 86.5 meters (283 ft 10 in) long, had a beam of 7.8 meters (25 ft 7 in) and a draft of 4.7 meters (15 ft 5 in). They had an operational diving depth of 110 meters (360 ft). Their crew numbered 77 officers and enlisted men.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 2,450-brake-horsepower (1,827 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 1,100-horsepower (820 kW) electric motor. The submarines were also fitted with an auxiliary diesel cruising engine that gave them a speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) on the surface. They could reach a maximum speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) on the surface and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) underwater. On the surface, the Balilla class had a range of 12,000 nautical miles (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 7 knots; submerged, they had a range of 110 nmi (200 km; 130 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).
The boats were armed with six internal 53.3-centimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a single 120-millimeter (4.7 in) deck gun, forward of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 13.2-millimeter (0.52 in) machine guns.

## Construction and service

Domenico Millelire was laid down on 26 January 1925 at the Odero-Terni-Orlando shipyard in Muggiano, La Spezia. She was launched on 19 September 1927 and commissioned on 11 August 1928.
# Colver

Colver may refer to:
* Colver (surname), a surname
* Colver, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Colver Historic District, a national historic district in Cambria County, Pennsylvania
# Austrospirachtha carrijoi

Austrospirachtha carrijoi is a species of rove beetle that is native to northern Australia. It has an enlarged abdomen that extends over its entire body and that appears remarkably like a termite, and uses that disguise to steal food from true termites.
The type species of the genus, A. mimetes, also has an elongated abdomen that is bent over the body with appendages that give it a termite like appearance. They are thought to live within the nests of termites of the genus Nasutitermes.
# Lethata mucida

Lethata mucida is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia.
The wingspan is about 28 mm. The forewings are as in Lethata obscura, except with heavy suffusion of purplish in the anal area. The hindwings are whitish, heavily overcast with grey scales.
# Chilostoma

Chilostoma is a genus of medium-sized, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae, the true snails.

## Subgenera and species

Subgenera and species within the genus Chilostoma include:
* Chilostoma achates (Rossmässler, 1835)
* Chilostoma adelozona (Strobel, 1857)
* Chilostoma cingulatum (Studer, 1820)
* Chilostoma desmoulinsii (Farines, 1834): synonym of Corneola desmoulinsii (Farines, 1834)
* Chilostoma frigidum (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)
* Chilostoma millieri (Bourguignat, 1880)
* Chilostoma squammatinum (Dupuy, 1848)
* Chilostoma tigrinum (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)
* Chilostoma zonatum (Studer, 1820)
* subgenus Ariantopsis
** Chilostoma pelia
* subgenus Campylaea Beck, 1837: synonym of Campylaea H. Beck, 1837
** Chilostoma illyricum (Stabile, 1864)
** Chilostoma planospira (Lamarck 1822): synonym of Campylaea planospira (Lamarck, 1822)
*** Chilostoma planospira benedictum
*** Chilostoma planospira macrostoma
*** Chilostoma planospira occultatum
*** Chilostoma planospira planospira
*** Chilostoma planospira setulosum
* subgenus Cingulifera Held, 1838: synonym of Chilostoma Fitzinger, 1833
* subgenus Corneola
** Chilostoma acrotricha
** Chilostoma crombezi
** Chilostoma desmoulinsii
** Chilostoma squamatinum
* subgenus Delphinatia P. Hesse, 1931: raised to rank of genus Delphinatia P. Hesse, 1931
** Chilostoma glaciale (A. Férussac, 1832): synonym of Delphinatia glacialis (A. Férussac, 1832)
** Chilostoma alpinum (Michaud, 1831): synonym of Delphinatia fontenillii alpina (Michaud, 1831)
* subgenus Dinarica
** Chilostoma pouzolz]: synonym of Dinarica pouzolzii (Deshayes, 1832)
** Chilostoma serbica
* subgenus Josephinella
** Chilostoma apfelbecki
** Chilostoma argentellei
** Chilostoma brenskei
** Chilostoma byshekensis
** Chilostoma choristochila
** Chilostoma comythophora
** Chilostoma conemenosi
** Chilostoma edlaueri
** Chilostoma eliaca
** Chilostoma faueri
** Chilostoma fuchsi
** Chilostoma hemonica
** Chilostoma hirta
** Chilostoma krueperi
** Chilostoma lefeburiana
** Chilostoma moellendorffi
** Chilostoma phocaea
** Chilostoma sadleriana
** Chilostoma stenomphala
** Chilostoma subaii
** Chilostoma subzonata
** Chilostoma zebiana
* subgenus Kosicia Brusina, 1904: synonym of Kosicia Brusina, 1904
** Chilostoma intermedium (A. Férussac, 1832): synonym of Kosicia intermedia (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
** Chilostoma ziegleri (Rossmässler, 1836): synonym of Kosicia ziegleri (Rossmässler, 1836)
* subgenus Wladislawia: synonym of Campylaea (Wladislawia) A. J. Wagner, 1928
* subgenus Faustina Kobelt, 1904: synonym of Faustina Kobelt, 1904
** Chilostoma cingulella (Rossmässler, 1837): synonym of Faustina cingulella (Rossmässler, 1837)
** Chilostoma rossmaessleri (L. Pfeiffer, 1842): synonym of Faustina rossmaessleri (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
** Chilostoma faustina (Rossmässler, 1835) - synonym: Faustina faustina (Rossmässler, 1835)
* subgenus Drobacia Brusina, 1904
** Chilostoma banaticum (Rossmässler, 1838), see under Drobacia banatica
# 9 (Jason Aldean album)

9 is the ninth studio album by American country music singer Jason Aldean. It was released on November 22, 2019 via Broken Bow Records. It debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart. It also debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| God Is in the TV | (favorable) |
| The Musical Divide | |

## Content

As with all of Aldean's previous albums, 9 was released on Broken Bow Records, with Michael Knox serving as producer. The lead single is "We Back", a song that was co-written by Tyler Hubbard of Florida Georgia Line. A press release described the 16 tracks as "interwoven [...] in an era that's hyper-focused on singles". The album was noted to have stayed true to Aldean’s “foundation” with his “signature blend of country and rock”.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 based on 83,000 equivalent album units, 68,000 of which are in traditional album sales. It also debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart, which made it his seventh No. 1 on the chart. It sold a further 11,000 copies the second week. As of March 2020, the album has sold 143,300 copies in the United States, with 269,000 units consumed in total.

## Personnel

Adapted from AllMusic
* Jason Aldean - lead vocals, background vocals
* Kurt Allison - electric guitar, programming
* Blake Bollinger - programming
* Perry Coleman - background vocals
* Matt Dragstrem - programming
* Tony Harrell - Hammond B-3 organ, keyboards, synthesizer
* Evan Hutchings - programming
* Mike Johnson - steel guitar, lap steel guitar
* Tully Kennedy - bass guitar, programming
* Michael Knox - programming
* Russ Pahl - steel guitar
* Alexander Palmer - programming
* Danny Rader - 12-string guitar, acoustic guitar, hi-string guitar
* Rich Redmond - drums, percussion
* Adam Shoenfeld - electric guitar
* Ben Stennis - programming
* Neil Thrasher - background vocals
* Michael Tyler - background vocals

## Certifications

Sale certifications for "9" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# 1951 Scottish Grand Prix

The 1951 Scottish Grand Prix was a 50 lap 100-mile (160 km) motor race held on 21 July 1951 at Winfield Airfield in Berwickshire. Although run to Formula One regulations, the paucity of the entries led to the organisers opening up the race to other categories.
An entry had been made for the BRM Type 15 but it failed to appear. Its driver Reg Parnell was loaned local driver John Brown's HWM-Alta; Parnell started from pole position but broke a drive shaft as he left the start line. Archie Butterworth's 4WD A.J.B. led briefly before David Murray took over with a Maserati 4CLT. Joe Kelly's Alta challenged and set fastest lap but retired with gearbox problems. Murray retired with fuel pump problems and Philip Fotheringham-Parker took the lead in Duncan Hamilton's Maserati 4CL, chased home by Gillie Tyrer's BMW 328. Ian Stewart was third in an XK120.

## Results

| Pos | No. | Driver | Chassis | Time/Retired | Grid |
| 1 | 9 | Philip Fotheringham-Parker | Maserati 4CL | 1:19:27.0, 121.546kph | 2 |
| 2 | 23 | Gillie Tyrer | BMW 328 | 1:19:34.4 | 6 |
| 3 | 5 | Ian Stewart | Jaguar XK120 | +2 laps | 10 |
| 4 | 27 | Rob Dickson | Healey | +2 laps | 5 |
| NC | 16 | John Waugh | Jaguar XK120 | +6 laps | 8 |
| Ret | 3 | David Murray | Maserati 4CLT/48 | 40 laps, fuel pump | 4 |
| Ret | 1 | Bill Skelly | Lea Francis | | 9 |
| Ret | 83 | Joe Kelly | Alta GP | 14 laps, gearbox | 3 |
| Ret | 11 | Archie Butterworth | A.J.B.-Steyr | 13 laps, engine | 7 |
| Ret | 10 | Reg Parnell | HWM-Alta | 0 laps, driveshaft | 1 |
| DNS | 2 | Ron Flockhart | JP-Vincent | | |
| DNS | 2 | Bill Black | Jaguar XK120 | | |
| DNS | 10 | John Brown | HWM-Alta | car driven by Parnell | |
# Jerome Dhas Varuvel

Bishop Jerome Dhas Varuvel, SDB, was born 21 October 1951 in Paduvoor in the diocese of Kottar. He attended Carmel Secondary School in Nagercoil. From 1967 to 1968 he followed the pre-university course at the Scott Christian College, Nagercoil. From 1968 to 1970 he attended the minor seminary at St. Aloysius Seminary in Nagercoil. He studied philosophy at Sacred Heart Seminary in Poonamallee (1970-1973). He also obtained a bachelor's degree in Economics from Arulanandar College, Karumathur, Madurai (1973-1976). In 1976 he decided to join the Salesians of Don Bosco. After completing the pre-novitiate (1976-1977) and novitiate (1977-1978), he made his religious profession temporary 24 May 1978. On 24 May 1981, he made his perpetual vows. From 1981 to 1986 he studied theology at the Salesians in Rome. He has a bachelor's degree in Economics and in Theology and a Licentiate in Pedagogy at the Pontifical Salesian University in Rome.
He was ordained priest by John Paul II on 2 June 1985. It belongs to the Salesian Province of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
On 22 December 2014, Pope Francis appointed him the first bishop of the newly-erected diocese of Kuzhithurai, which was bifurcated from the diocese of Kottar. He was consecrated as bishop of the diocese of Kuzhithurai on 24 February 2015 at a ceremony presided by Peter Remigius, bishop of the diocese of Kottar. Co-consecrators were the Archbishop of Madurai, Antony Pappusamy, and the Archbishop of Madras-Mylapore, George Antonysamy.
Due to ill health, Bishop Jerome Dhas Varuvel submitted his resignation to Pope Francis who accepted it on June 6, 2020 and appointed Archbishop Antony Pappusamy of Madurai as Apostolic Administrator of Kuzhithurai with immediate effect.
After priestly ordination he held the following positions:
* 1985-1986: Completion of studies at the Pontifical Salesian University (Rome);
* 1986-1990: Vice-Rector of the Novitiate in Vellakinar;
* 1990-1992: Rector of the Pre-Novitiate in Tirupattur;
* 1992-1994: Rector of the Pre-Novitiate in Maiyam;
* 1994-1996: Dean of Student Salesian Trichy;
* 1996-2001: Pastor-Rector of the Con-Cathedral of Madras-Mylapore;
* 1999-2003: Provincial Councillor;
* 2001-2002: Director of Kalvi Solai (Center for education and culture), Tirupattur;
* 2002-2003: Director of Kalvi Solai (Center for education and culture), Ennore;
* 2003-2010: Director of Mount Don Bosco in Thalavadi, Erode;
* 2010-2014: Director of Novices at Yeallagiri Hills, Diocese of Vellore;
* 22 December 2014: Appointed as the first bishop of the diocese of Kuzhithurai;
* 24 February 2015: Consecration to the order of bishop.
# Colomieu

Colomieu (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.
# Jaime Andrés Marulanda

Jaime Andrés Marulanda (born 1978) is a confessed Colombian hitman who claimed to have committed 137 murders. The authorities confirmed 37 of those killings, many of which were committed between April and November 2002.
According to his own confession, Marulanda worked as a patrolman for the AUC, who ordered most of the murders. Many of his victims were social leaders, but also included minors.
Nicknamed El Chiquilín due to his short stature (1,50 centimeters), Marulanda is currently being held in an Acacías prison. He was sentenced to 28 years imprisonment.

## Crimes

Marulanda is believed to have carried out most of the murders between April and November 2002, in an area called Cazucá and Bosa, between Bogotá and Soacha. He worked for the AUC, a group that ordered several targeted assassinations. According to the files of the Colombian authorities, he earned approximately $400,000 pesos for each murder.
Of the 137 murders he confessed to having committed, he is associated with two in particular: being responsible for or at least complicit in the deaths of Luis Alfredo Colmenares Chía, former governor and representative to the House of Arauca Department, and former congressman Octavio Sarmiento.
Among some of the Marulanda's victims included in the list are the following:
* José Anderson Grillo and Harbey Ricardo Jaramillo, March 21.
* Ángel Enrique Meneses, Elkin Jonathan Acosta and Rubén Darío Limas, May 13.
* Pedro Antonio Monroy, May 14.
* Anderson Calderón Moreno, May 22.
* Anyerson Felipe Velásquez, May 26.
* José Jair Agudelo and Omar Alberto Rodríguez, May 30.
* José Mauricio Galeano, June 1.
* Ricardo Alexander Uribe, June 2.
* Valerio Vicente Borda, June 13.
* Waldo and José Edison Galindo, June 22.
* John William Soler, July 11.
* Manuel Elías Leudo and César Augusto Vargas, July 20.
* Duvar Andrés Duque, July 27.
* Gina Penagos, August 10.
* Christopher Barrero, August 13.
* Jhonatan Francisco Rivera, August 29.
* Freddy Arley Herrera, August 30.
* Diana Alexandra Chávez Ruiz, September 6.
* Yeison Eduardo Pinto and Miguel Ángel Quevedo, September 15.
* David Amado, September 15.
* Juan Evangelista Calderón and Julio Alexander Salamanca, September 19.

## Capture and imprisonment

Marulanda was captured by Colombian authorities in 2003, after he was conclusively connected to the 37 murders. On the day of his trial, he admitted to killing a total of 137 people.
Due to the crimes for which he was responsible, Marulada was imposed a 28-year sentence. He is serving said sentence at a prison in Acacías.
# Austrospirachtha

Austrospirachtha is a genus of rove beetle in the tribe Corotocini.
The type species of the genus, A. mimetes has an elongated abdomen that is bent over the body with appendages that give it a termite like appearance. They are thought to live within the nests of termites of the genus Nasutitermes.
# List of Archibald Prize 2018 finalists

This is a list of finalists for the 2018 Archibald Prize for portraiture, listed is Artist – Title. (As the images are copyright, an external link to an image has been listed where available.)
* Benjamin Aitken – Natasha (Portrait of Natasha Bieniek – Image)
* Del Kathryn Barton – Self-portrait with studio wife
* Jason Benjamin – So you want to come down and the silence of painting (self-portrait)
* Peter Berner – Self-portrait with hindsight
* Amber Boardman – Self-care exhaustion
* Joanna Braithwaite – Hall of fame – portrait of Pat Corrigan
* Jun Chen – Judith Bell
* Yvette Coppersmith – Self-portrait, after George Lambert Winner: Archibald Prize 2018
* Tony Costa – Claudia Chan Shaw
* Jonathan Dalton – Abdul
* David Darcy – Charlotte
* Amanda Davies – Self-portrait
* Blak Douglas – Uncle Roy Kennedy
* Graeme Drendel – Portrait of Michel
* Yvonne East – The Honourable Chief Justice Susan Kiefel AC
* Marc Etherington – Me and Granny
* Marina Finlay – Peter, Coco and Susan O'Doherty
* Prudence Flint – Double
* Andrew Lloyd Greensmith – The serenity of Susan Carland
* David Griggs – The warrior and the prophet
* Melissa Grisancich – Courtney Barnett and her weapon of choice
* Robert Hannaford – Robert Hannaford self-portrait
* Tsering Hannaford – Self-portrait
* Nicholas Harding – Treatment, day 49 (sorbolene soak)
* Amani Haydar – Insert headline here
* Pei Pei He – Portrait of Theodore Wohng
* Paul Jackson – Alison Whyte, a mother of the renaissance
* Kathrin Longhurst – Self: past, present and future
* Mathew Lynn – Gladys Berejiklian
* Alison Mackay – Quid pro quo (portrait of photographer Gary Grealy)
* William Mackinnon – The long apprenticeship
* Euan Macleod – Guy at Jamberoo
* Guy Maestri – The fourth week of parenthood (self-portrait)
* Robert Malherbe – Michael Reid
* India Mark – Candy
* Fiona McMonagle – Sangeeta Sandrasegar
* Julian Meagher – Herb and Flan
* Anne Middleton – Guy (Winner: People's Choice Award 2018)
* Stephanie Monteith – The letter – I really wanted to paint Germaine Greer, but she said 'no' (self-portrait)
* Vincent Namatjira – Studio self-portrait
* Kirsty Neilson – Anxiety still at 30
* Tom Polo – I once thought I'd do anything for you (Joan)
* James Powditch – Narcissist, the anatomy of melancholy
* Jamie Preisz – Jimmy (title fight) Winner: Packing Room Prize 2018
* Jordan Richardson – David Wenham and hat
* Sally Ross – The Huxleys
* Dee Smart – Lunch in the outback
* Ben Smith – Tony
* Loribelle Spirovski – Villains always get the best lines
* Vanessa Stockard – Self-portrait
* Noel Thurgate – Elisabeth Cummings in her studio at Wedderburn, 1974 and 2018
* Angela Tiatia – Study for a self-portrait
* Natasha Walsh – Numb to touch (self-portrait)
* Mirra Whale – Don
* Marcus Wills – Lotte (Portrait of Lotte St Clair)
* Karyn Zamel – Marina Finlay
* Salvatore Zofrea – Sally Dowling SC
# Charles F. Hatcher

Charles F. Hatcher may refer to:
* C. F. Hatcher (~1814–1869), American slave trader
* Charles Hatcher (politician) (b. 1939), U.S. Congressman
# Chi site

A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is more likely to occur than on average across the genome. Chi sites serve as stimulators of DNA double-strand break repair in bacteria, which can arise from radiation or chemical treatments, or result from replication fork breakage during DNA replication. The sequence of the Chi site is unique to each group of closely related organisms; in E. coli and other enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella, the core sequence is 5'-GCTGGTGG-3' plus important nucleotides about 4 to 7 nucleotides to the 3' side of the core sequence. The existence of Chi sites was originally discovered in the genome of bacteriophage lambda, a virus that infects E. coli, but is now known to occur about 1000 times in the E. coli genome.
The Chi sequence serves as a signal to the RecBCD helicase-nuclease that triggers a major change in the activities of this enzyme. Upon encountering the Chi sequence as it unwinds DNA, RecBCD cuts the DNA a few nucleotides to the 3’ side of Chi, within the important sequences noted above; depending on the reaction conditions, this cut is either a simple nick on the 3'-ended strand or the change of nuclease activity from cutting the 3’-ended strand to cutting the 5’-ended strand. In either case the resulting 3’ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is bound by multiple molecules of RecA protein that facilitate "strand invasion," in which one strand of a homologous double-stranded DNA is displaced by the RecA-associated ssDNA. Strand invasion forms a joint DNA molecule called a D-loop. Resolution of the D-loop is thought to occur by replication primed by the 3’ end generated at Chi (in the D-loop). Alternatively, the D-loop may be converted into a Holliday junction by cutting of the D-loop and a second exchange of DNA strands; the Holliday junction can be converted into linear duplex DNA by cutting of the Holliday junction and ligation of the resultant nicks. Either type of resolution can generate recombinant DNA molecules if the two interacting DNAs are genetically different, as well as repair the initially broken DNA.
Chi sites are sometimes referred to as "recombination hot spots". The name "Chi" is an abbreviation of crossover hotspot instigator. In reference to E. coli phage lambda, the term is sometimes written as "χ site", using the Greek letter chi; for E. coli and other bacteria the term "Chi" is proper.
# Ash-Tree Press

Ash-Tree Press is a Canadian company that publishes supernatural and horror literature.
The press has reprinted notable collections of ghostly stories by such writers as R. H. Malden, A. N. L. Munby, L. T. C. Rolt, Margery Lawrence, and Eleanor Scott. It also has published newly edited collections of supernatural tales by such writers as John Metcalfe, Marjorie Bowen, Vernon Lee, and Frederick Cowles, and it has produced multi-volume sets of the complete supernatural short stories of Sheridan Le Fanu, E. F. Benson, H. Russell Wakefield, Russell Kirk, and A. M. Burrage. In 2001, the press published a collected edition of M. R. James's ghost stories and related writings.
In addition, Ash-Tree Press has published new collections of stories by contemporary authors and a series of original anthologies. Awards for these include the 2002 British Fantasy Award for best collection for After Shocks by Paul Finch and the 2004 International Horror Guild Award and 2005 World Fantasy Award for the anthology Acquainted with the Night, edited by Christopher and Barbara Roden.
Ash-Tree Press itself has received the 1997 Special Award, Non-Professional, from the World Fantasy Awards and the 1999 Specialty Press Award of the Horror Writers Association.
Christopher and Barbara Roden are the proprietors of both Ash-Tree Press and Calabash Press; the latter publishes fiction and nonfiction related to Sherlock Holmes.
# Jenjić

Jenjić is a village in the municipalities of Orašje (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Donji Žabar (Republika Srpska), Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 97, all Croats, with 74 living in the Donji Žabar part and 23 in the Orašje part.
# Avoca Vale

Avoca Vale is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Avoca Vale had a population of 20 people.

## History

The locality was officially named and bounded on 9 July 1999.
On 1 February 2018, Avoca Vale's postcode changed from 4306 to 4314.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Avoca Vale had a population of 34 people.
In the 2021 census, Avoca Vale had a population of 20 people.
# Leyla Soleymani

Leyla Soleymani is a scientist and Canada Research Chair at McMaster University's faculty of engineering. Her research includes the development of advanced materials for biosensing and repellent surfaces.

## Biography

Soleymani received her Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Toronto in 2010 under the mentorship of Ted Sargent. Her dissertation was entitled "Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids using an Electronic Chip".
In 2019, Soleymani developed a plastic wrap that repels pathogens such as the superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from surfaces. In 2020, this wrap is being adapted for halting the spread of COVID-19.