OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of 1978 British incumbents

This is a list of 1978 British incumbents.

## Government

* Monarch
** Head of State – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
* Prime Minister
** Head of Government – James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976–1979)
* First Lord of the Treasury
** James Callaghan, First Lord of the Treasury (1976–1979)
* Chancellor of the Exchequer
** Denis Healey, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1974–1979)
* Second Lord of the Treasury
** Denis Healey, Second Lord of the Treasury (1974–1979)
* Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
** Dr David Owen, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1977–1979)
* Secretary of State for the Home Department
** Merlyn Rees, Secretary of State for the Home Department (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Transport
** Bill Rodgers, Secretary of State for Transport (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Scotland
** Bruce Millan, Secretary of State for Scotland (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Social Services
** David Ennals, Secretary of State for Social Services (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
** Roy Mason, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Defence
** Frederick Mulley, Secretary of State for Defence (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Industry
** Eric Varley, Secretary of State for Industry (1975–1979)
* Secretary of State for Trade
** Edmund Dell, Secretary of State for Trade (1976–1978)
** John Smith, Secretary of State for Trade (1978–1979)
* Secretary of State for Education and Science
** Shirley Williams, Secretary of State for Education and Science (1976–1979)
* Secretary of State for Wales
** John Morris, Secretary of State for Wales (1974–1979)
* Lord Privy Seal
** Fred Peart, Baron Peart, Lord Privy Seal (1976–1979)
* Leader of the House of Commons
** Michael Foot, Leader of the House of Commons (1976–1979)
* Lord President of the Council
** Michael Foot, Lord President of the Council (1976–1979)
* Lord Chancellor
** Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, Lord Chancellor (1974–1979)
* Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
** Harold Lever, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1974–1979)

## Religion

* Archbishop of Canterbury
** Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (1974–1980)
* Archbishop of York
** Stuart Blanch, Archbishop of York (1975–1983)
# Lycée Guillaume Apollinaire

Lycée Guillaume Apollinaire may refer to:
* Lycée Guillaume Apollinaire (Thiais)
* Lycée Guillaume Apollinaire (Nice)
# Graham Powell

Graham Powell (17 November 1932 — 21 December 2012) was a Welsh international rugby union player.
Powell was born in Waun-Lwyd and attended Ebbw Vale Grammar School. He was a good enough footballer in his youth to make Welsh Schools trials and also competed in athletics, earning Victor ludorum honours at the University of Bristol.
An England Universities representative, Powell won two Wales caps 1957 Five Nations, appearing in matches against Ireland at home and France in Paris. He came into the team after Wales had lost their opening two fixtures and formed a new centre combination with Cyril Davies, to become the first Ebbw Vale player to be capped for Wales.
Powell, who worked in the oil industry, became captain of Eddw Vale in the 1957/58 season and led the combined Abertillery & Ebbw Vale team that won a tour match against the visiting 1957–58 Wallabies side at Abertillery.
# Gastrophryne olivacea

Gastrophryne olivacea, the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad or western narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of microhylid frog found throughout much of the south-central United States from Nebraska south through Texas, and into northern Mexico. Though not a true toad, evidenced by the smooth, moist skin, its common name obtains due to its terrestrial habit.

## Description

Great Plains narrow-mouthed toads are a small (1.5 in), flat-bodied species, with a sharply pointed snout. They are typically olive green to grey-brown in color, sometimes with black blotching. Their undersides are lighter colored. Their skin secretions can cause severe, burning pain if they get into eyes.

## Behavior and habitat

This toad is found in a wide range of habitats, but most frequently on moist ground or in leaf litter, and under rocks or fallen logs. They breed throughout the spring and summer in pools of water left by rainfall. Their primary diet is ants.
Western narrow-mouthed toads have a mutualistic relationship with tarantulas. They will live together, and in exchange will eat ants that attempt to invade the tarantula's burrow. Chemicals in their skin make the toads unpalatable to the spiders. Similar mutualistic behavior has been observed in other microhylid frogs.

## Taxonomy

Gastrophryne olivacea was once considered a subspecies of the eastern narrowmouth toad, G. carolinensis.
There are no valid subspecies of this taxon at this time. This taxon was originally divided into two subspecies but in 2012 the western subspecies was elevated to full species status ("Gastrophryne mazatlanensis" = the Sinaloan Narrow-mouthed Toad).
# Gastrophryne elegans

Gastrophryne elegans, the elegant narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae found in Central America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description

The elegant narrow-mouthed toad has a small triangular head and is flattened dorsoventrally. The females have a snout-to-vent length of about 27 mm (1.06 in), while the males are slightly smaller. The colouring is somewhat variable and helps to camouflage this frog among the leaf litter. The dorsal surface has a broad, dark-brown, central stripe which widens and narrows irregularly and is delineated with a narrow, dark line. On either side is a reddish-brown area and then a dark-brown line that runs from the tip of the snout, past the eye, over the shoulder to the groin. The thighs have two dark bands and further lines occur on the lower leg which align when the animal is crouched. The ventral surface is dark brown or black, mostly obscured by indistinct whitish spots which merge. The hind feet each have a tubercle on the metatarsal and slight webbing on the fourth toe. The outer toes have flattened, spreading tips.

## Distribution and habitat

Gastrophyrne elegans is native to lowland Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras on the Atlantic side of the continent. Its range extends from north-central coastal areas of Honduras to central Veracruz. An isolated population is found in the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve on the Yucatán Peninsula. This species is found in tropical forests, where it lives on the ground among the leaf litter. It breeds in the rainy season in temporary pools.

## Status

The IUCN rates Gastrophryne elegans as "Least Concern", because of its large population, wide distribution, and tolerance of modifications to its habitat. Its population seems relatively stable and any decline is unlikely to be fast enough to justify listing it in a more threatened category. It is protected by legislation in Mexico under the "Special Protection" category.
# Gausganj

Gausganj is a census village in the southeast of the Hardoi district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Situated south of Kachhauna, it is located midway between Mallawan and Sandila on the state highway that links them.
# Gastrotheca litonedis

Gastrotheca litonedis is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Gedion

Gedion is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Gedion Ngatuny (born 1986), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Gedion Nyanhongo (born 1967), Zimbabwean sculptor
* Gedion Zelalem (born 1997), German-born American soccer player
# Gel wipe

Gel wipe is a moisturizing gel applied to dry toilet paper for cleaning purposes, like personal hygiene, or to reduce skin irritation from diarrhea. It was developed in the 21st century as an environmentally sensitive alternative to wet wipes.

## History

Estonian Siim Saat is seen as the inventor of gel wipe in 2011. In 2016, he was among seven entrepreneurs in the world nominated for an award by the Healthcare Startup Society in London at the Healthcare Startup Conference. Gel wipe is seen as the solution to wet wipe pollution.

## Uses

Although marketed primarily for wiping bottoms, it is not uncommon to use it against skin rash, in the case of diarrhea or even as a substitute for water and soap on hiking trips.
Gel wipes began to be marketed as complementary hygiene product for toilet paper by SATU laboratory, as a luxury option by St Joseph's Toiletries or hipster product by Zum Bum, and Zero Taboos that makes Wipegel. Many adults now use gel wipe with toilet paper as an alternative to wet wipes that cause environmental and sewer problems. All wet wipes sold as "flushable" in the UK have so far failed the water industry's disintegration tests, the BBC has found. A study by Ryerson University tested 23 wipes with the "flushable" label and found only two that partially disintegrated.
# Gate City

Gate City can mean:
* Gate City, Virginia, a city in Scott County, Virginia
** Gate City Historic District, a national historic district located at Gate City, Scott County, Virginia
* Gate City, a park in Ōsaki, Tokyo
* Gate City, a newly developed ring city near Almaty, Kazakhstan
* Gate City Bank, mutually owned bank headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota,
* Gate City FC, an earlier American soccer club based in Greensboro, North Carolina

## City nicknames

* the nickname of Pocatello, Idaho
* the nickname of Nashua, New Hampshire
* the nickname of Greensboro, North Carolina
* a historic nickname for Atlanta, Georgia
# Gemmula pseudomonilifera

Gemmula pseudomonilifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 12.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Hawaii.
# Gemmula parkinsonii

Gemmula parkinsonii is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species have been found in Oligocene strata in Île-de-France, France.
# Gemini Wind Farm

Gemini is a 600 megawatt (MW) offshore wind farm off the coast of the Netherlands. Construction started in 2015 with final commissioning in 2017. At the time of completion it was the second largest offshore wind farm on Earth after the London Array.
The wind farm consists of two parts. The first part with 75 turbines is located north of Ameland. The second part also with 75 turbines is located 55 kilometres north of Schiermonnikoog. The 150 wind turbines are Siemens SWT-4.0, each with a capacity of 4 megawatts.
The wind farm has been developed by a consortium led by Northland Power, while Van Oord is the main contractor. Initially it was expected that the wind farm would be ready in the fourth quarter of 2015, but the start of construction was delayed until 2015. Electricity production started in February 2016 when the first turbine was connected to the grid. In the first week of December 2016, all 150 turbines began producing power, and the project was fully commissioned in May 2017.
The total construction cost of the Gemini project is estimated at around 2.8 billion euros, and subsidies will be 3.6 billion euros.
Gemini has licences to operate the wind farm for 20 years. After this period, the wind farm and everything that has been introduced onto the seabed must be removed. A bank security of 40 million euros has been made available for this.
The first offshore service vessel with inverted bow and X-Stern was launched by Ulstein Group in April 2016 to service Gemini, housing 40 workers.
# Gene Wiki

The Gene Wiki is a project within Wikipedia that aims to describe the relationships and functions of all human genes. It was established to transfer information from scientific resources to Wikipedia stub articles.
The Gene Wiki project also initiated publication of gene-specific review articles in the journal Gene, together with the editing of the gene-specific pages in Wikipedia.
The Gene Wiki project in collaboration with the journal Gene was terminated in May 2022, ten years after the project's initiation. A report by the project's leaders summarizes the project's achievements.

## Project goals and scope
### Number of gene articles

The human genome contains an estimated 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes. The goal of the Gene Wiki project is to create seed articles for every notable human gene, that is, every gene whose function has been assigned in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Approximately half of human genes have assigned function, therefore the total number of articles seeded by the Gene Wiki project would be expected to be in the range of 10,000–15,000. To date, approximately 11,000 articles have been created or augmented to include Gene Wiki project content.

### Expansion

Once seed articles have been established, the hope and expectation is that these will be annotated and expanded by editors ranging in experience from the lay audience to students to professionals and academics.

### Proteins encoded by genes

Only a small portion of the genome actually encodes protein in the human genome. Understanding the function of a gene that codes for a protein generally requires understanding of the function of the corresponding protein. In addition to including basic information about the gene, the project therefore also includes information about the protein encoded by the gene. The function of other portions of the genome, non-coding DNA, also called "junk" DNA in the past because they had no apparent function, actually are thought to have regulatory functions.

## Gene Wiki generated content

Stubs for the Gene Wiki project are created by a bot and contain links to the following primary gene/protein databases:
* HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee – official gene name
* Entrez – Gene database
* OMIM (Mendelian Inheritance in Man) – database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component
* Amigo – Gene Ontology
* HomoloGene – gene homologs in other species
* SymAtlasRNA – gene expression pattern in tissues
* Protein Data Bank – 3D structure of protein encoded by the gene
* UniProt (universal protein resource) – a central repository of protein data

## Response

A report found that between 2013 and 2017, the content which Gene Wiki contributed to Wikipedia got crowdsourced development over time.
# Gene Hall

Morris Eugene Hall a.k.a. M.E. "Gene" Hall (1913–1993) was an American jazz educator at the University of North Texas.
Hall was the founding director of the One O'Clock Lab Band, and responsible for the first university curriculum for the study of Jazz (called "Dance Music" at the time) in the United States.

## Early life and education

Hall grew up in Whitewright, Texas learning the C melody saxophone and alto saxophone.
Hall first arrived in Denton, Texas in 1934, in the midst of the Great Depression, with the intent of attending college at the University of North Texas, then known as North Texas State Teacher's College. Unable to pay the $32 for tuition, he made up the deficit by painting the interior of the university President's House.
When he initially enrolled at UNT, he was part of band that failed to find new work in Denton, and later disbanded, leaving Hall to later join another college band at the University of Texas, that got stuck in Spain after being unable to afford airline tickets back home.
His master's thesis illustrated the curriculum for a formal class in Jazz education.

## Career
### One O'Clock Lab Band

Hall served as the band's director from 1947 to 1959. Originally called the Laboratory Dance Band, the band was established with the purpose of experimenting with different band configurations, and giving students in the newly established "Dance Band" degree a place to put their studies to practice.
After starting the band program in 1947, Hall struggled to get the band off the ground because of a lack of music to perform; stating in an interview for the University of North Texas Music Library: "When this program started in 1947, we had eight special arrangements, and sixty stock arrangements... 'bet you can imagine how that sounded."

### Educator

After Hall left as director of the Lab Band in 1959, he continued being a Jazz educator at Michigan State University, College of the Desert, and Stephen F. Austin State University.
He later served as the first president of the National Association of Jazz Educators, and was inducted into their hall of fame in 1981.
# Gentiana triflora

Gentiana triflora (三花龙胆 san hua long dan in Chinese, called clustered gentian in English) is a tall, flowering perennial plant in the genus Gentiana native to higher-elevation (600–1000 m) meadows and forests of China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol), Mongolia, Eastern Russia, Korea and Japan.
Gentian blue petals predominantly contain the unusually blue and stable anthocyanin gentiodelphin (delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-glucosyl)-3′-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-glucoside)).
# Gentiana scabra

Gentiana scabra, also known as the Japanese gentian or the Rindō Flower, is a species of flowering plant in the Gentian family (Gentianaceae), found in much of East Asia. The flowers bloom in mid-summer, autumn and are blue or dark blue in color.

## Medicinal use

Gentiana scabra roots are used as a bitter tonic in traditional Chinese medicine where it is said to promote digestive secretions and treats a range of illnesses associated with the liver. It is also used in traditional Tibetan medicine.
# Gennessee Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota

Gennessee Township is a township in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 458 at the 2000 census. The township includes the city of Atwater.
Gennessee Township was organized in 1858, and named after the Genesee River in New York, the home state of a share of the early settlers.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90 km$^2$), of which 32.4 square miles (84 km$^2$) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km$^2$) (7.30%) is water.
Gennessee Township is located in Township 119 North of the Arkansas Base Line and Range 33 West of the 5th Principal Meridian.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 458 people, 164 households, and 132 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.1 inhabitants per square mile (5.4/km$^2$). There were 182 housing units at an average density of 5.6 per square mile (2.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.13% White, 0.22% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.62% of the population.
There were 164 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $50,982, and the median income for a family was $54,028. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $21,458 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,088. About 4.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
# General Long

General Long may refer to:
* Armistead Lindsay Long (1825-1891), Confederate States Army brigadier general
* Arthur Long (British Army officer) (1866–1941), British Army brigadier general
* Charles G. Long (1869–1943), U.S. Marine Corps major general
* Daniel E. Long Jr. (fl. 1960s–2010s), U.S. Army major general
* Earl C. Long (1883–1983), U.S. Marine Corps major general
* Eli Long (1837–1903), Union Army major general
* George Long (bishop) (1874–1930), Australian Imperial Force brigadier general
* Oscar Fitzalan Long (1852–1928), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Robert Ballard Long (1771–1825), British Army lieutenant general
* Walter Long (British Army officer) (1879–1917), British Army brigadier general
* Long Jiguang (1867–1925), Chinese Imperial general
* Long Jinguang (1863–1917), Chinese Imperial general
* Armistead Lindsay Long
* Long Jiguang
* Long Jinguang
* Charles Grant Long
# General Union of Central African Workers

The Union of Central African Workers, created in 1964, is a trade union centre in the Central African Republic. It was formed by the merger of the African Confederation of Free Trade Unions-Workers Force-Central African Republic, African Confederation of Believing Workers - Central African Republic, African General Confederation of Labour-Central African Republic and the FECETEC. In 1981, its activity was suspended by David Dacko's government. In place of it government-backed Confederation of Central African Workers was established, which didn't stand up for the rights of workers in practice.
It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
# Genuine (song)

"Genuine" is the debut single of American recording artist Stacie Orrico from her debut album Genuine. The song was released in the United States in August 2000, only for Christian radio stations. Written by Tedd Tjornhom, B. Huston and Stacie Orrico and produced by Mooki's Soul Music, "Genuine" is a predominantly CCM song, that is influenced by gospel and R&B.
"Genuine" received generally positive reviews from music critics, with most of them comparing her to other female starlet artists like Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears calling her the Spears/Aguilera with a powerful voice and urban style similar to Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson. This song was released as a promo single with the book Genuine: Being Real in an Artificial World, also written by Orrico. This CD-ROM includes the video for "Genuine".
The song was released as the fifth single from her debut album only to Christian stations.

## Chart performance

"Genuine" charted only on American Christian charts.

## Music video

The video is directed by Eric Welch. Throughout the video, Orrico dances and sings in an orange room with other teenagers. At the beginning of the video she is in front of a mirror watching her reflection and singing, then the reflection of herself is talking to her, while other scenes show Stacie dancing with an orange outfit. This part of the video was influenced by her mentor group Destiny's Child in the "Say My Name" video in her outfit and dancing. Orrico toured with the R&B group in 2001.

## Track listing

US CD
* "Genuine" (album version)
US CD-ROM
* "Genuine" (video)

## Official versions

* Main version
* Very Real Remix