OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1822 in sports

1822 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Boxing

Events
* 18 May — Tom Cribb announces his retirement and relinquishes his English Championship title. He nominates his protégé Tom Spring as his successor. Spring offers to fight anyone in England but there are no immediate volunteers.

## Cricket

Events
* The roundarm controversy comes to a head when, in the MCC v Kent match at Lord's, John Willes of Kent opens the bowling and is no-balled for using a roundarm action, a style he has attempted to introduce since 1807. Willes promptly withdraws from the match and refuses to play again in any important fixture.
England
* Most runs – E. H. Budd 354 (HS 87)
* Most wickets – John Sparks 27 (BB 5–?)

## Horse racing

England
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Whizgig
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Pastille
* The Derby – Moses
* The Oaks – Pastille
* St. Leger Stakes – Theodore
# Astrothelium flavostiolatum

Astrothelium flavostiolatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Ecuador, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman from the Reserva Biológica San Francisco in the Andes of southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe Province) at an altitude of 2,020 m (6,630 ft); there, it was found in a rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has an olive-green thallus with a cortex but lacking a prothallus, covering areas of up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. The thallus is covered with small wart-like structures (verrucae), and consists of swollen and distended (bullate) areas that coalesce, forming a continuous structure. The presence of the lichen does not induce the formation of galls in its host. A yellow anthraquinone is the only lichen product that was detected from the species using thin-layer chromatography. The group of characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are its irregular, bullate thallus; its solitary to confluent ascomata with yellowish ostiolar rims, and the coarse thallus verrucae.
# Khon Sang Chat

Khon Sang Chat (คนสร้างชาติ) or Run Khon Sang Chat (รุ่นคนสร้างชาติ) was the fourteenth album by Thai rock band Carabao. It was released in October 1994.

## Track listing

| Track | Thai | Transcription |
| 01 | หลวงพ่อคูณ | Luangpho Khun |
| 02 | คนสร้างชาติ | Khon Sang Chat |
| 03 | พยานป่า | Phayan Pa |
| 04 | ตาดี | Ta Di |
| 05 | 20 ปีคาราวาน | Yisip Pi Kharawan |
| 06 | จ่าง แซ่ตั้ง | Chang Saetang |
| 07 | เปาปุ้นจิ้นกับคนตัดไม้ | Paobunchin Kap Khon Tat Mai |
| 08 | ขี่ไก่ | Khi Kai |
| 09 | ลำพูน | Lamphun |
| 10 | ฝาโลง | Fa Long |
| 11 | ในนามแห่งความรัก | Nai Nam Haeng Khwamrak |
# Hacettepe University Medical School

Hacettepe University Medical School is a medical school located at Hacettepe University Medical Center in Ankara, Turkey.

## History

Hacettepe University Medical School began with the establishment of The Child Health Department affiliated with Ankara University Medical School on February 2, 1954.

## Official seal

The emblem of the university was designed in 1967 by Dr. Yücel Tanyeri, then a second year medical student, in the likeness of a stag – the symbol of a Hittite deity discovered at the royal tombs in Alacahöyük. Inspired by this archeological symbol common to the region, the Stag was chosen as the symbol of the university, and was abstracted to represent a lowercase "h" – the first letter of the university's name.

## Achievements

On February 24, 2011, Turkish surgeon Dr. Serdar Nasır and his team successfully performed the country's second full face transplant at the university's hospital in Ankara after almost one month the first transplant of its sort in Turkey. The 25-year-old patient, Cengiz Gül's face was badly burnt in a television tube implosion accident when he was two years old. The donor was 40-year-old N. A. (his family did not allow his identity to be revealed), who experienced brain death two days before the surgery following a motorcycle accident which occurred on February 17.
The surgery team accomplished at the same time another transplant, world's first-ever double-arm and double-leg limb transplant on 25-year old Şevket Çavdar using the organs of the same donor.

## Notable people

* Serdar Nasır, Associate Prof. Dr. at Institute of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
# Leonard Drożdżewicz

Leonard Drożdżewicz (born 14 August 1960) is a Polish notary, columnist, publisher and social activist.

## Biography

He graduated from law studies in 1984 at the University of Warsaw, where he was a disciple of Lech Falandysz [pl].
In June 1986, he started his notary's office in his hometown Sokółka, in Podlaskie Voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Between 1997 and 2000 he was the secretary of the National Council of Notaries [pl] in Warsaw (Polish: Krajowa Rada Notarialna). Between 1999 and 2004, he was the secretary of the Council of the Notary Science Center Foundation (Polish: Fundacja Centrum Naukowe Notariatu), established by the National Council of Notaries in order to support and conduct scientific and research works in the field of law, also in Warsaw. Until mid-2012, he was a member of the foundation's Council.
He has published several dozen articles in the field of civil, economic, notary and foundation law in legal journals, including the monthly Rejent [pl] and Nowy Przegląd Notarialny. Since 2013, he has been a regular collaborator of the literary and cultural quarterly Znad Wilii [pl], published in Vilnius. Together with his wife, Helena Drożdżewicz, he published two booklets in Polish: Sokólski Brueghel – Witalis Sarosiek (1945–2012; 2013) and Antologia Doliny Łosośny: jak pieśń żurawia nad wiekowymi wiązami (2019). He also published a chapter in the book Historia, tradycja, pamięć: prace ofiarowane Profesorowi Józefowi Maroszkowi w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin (2020).
Since 2016, together with his cousin Wiktoria Tołłoczko-Tur, he has been organizing an annual international open-air painting workshop In the Valley of Lasosna in Puciłki on the Lasosna (Polish: W dolinie Łosośny; the first pilot plein-air took place in 2014), which takes place in the summer house of Leonard and Helena Drożdżewicz. Leonard Drożdżewicz inherited this house with farm buildings, land and a pond nearby from his parents, and then renovated it as a pre-war summer resort.

## Awards

* Honorary badge “For Merits for the Notary Self-Government of the Republic of Poland” awarded by the National Council of Notaries [pl] (9 October 1999);
* Silver Cross of Merit “for activities for the Polish community in Lithuania, cultivating the common historical and cultural heritage” (2017).
# Gyttja

Gyttja (sometimes gytta, from Swedish gyttja) is a mud formed from the partial decay of peat. It is black and has a gel-like consistency. Aerobic digestion of the peat by bacteria forms humic acid and reduces the peat in the first oxygenated metre (generally 0.5 metre) of the peat column. As the peat is buried under new peat or soil the oxygen is reduced, often by waterlogging, and further degradation by anaerobic microbes, anaerobic digestion can produce gyttja. The gyttja then slowly drains to the bottom of the column. It pools at the bottom of the peat column, about 10 metres (33 ft) below the surface or wherever it is stopped by e.g. compacted soil/peat, bedrock, or permafrost. Gyttja accumulates as long as new material is added to the top of the column and the conditions are right for anaerobic degradation of the peat. Gyttja can form in layers reflecting changes in the environment as with other sedimentary rock. Gyttja is the part of peat that forms coal, but it must be buried under thousands of meters for coalification to occur because it has to be hot enough to drive off the water it contains (see dopplerite). A good documented example of gyttja occurrence and its coverage change in time is the cultural heritage site in Puck Bay.
# Changchun, Hunan

Changchun Town (simplified Chinese: 长春镇; traditional Chinese: 長春鎮; pinyin: Chángchūn Zhèn) is a suburban town in Ziyang District of Yiyang, Hunan, China. The town is bordered to the southwest by Yingfengqiao Town, to the east by Zhangjiazhai Township, and to the north by Bailuqiao Town and Yanzhi Subdistrict.

## Geography

Zi River, known as "Mother River", flows directly through the town.
Huangjia Lake (黄家湖), situated in the north of the town, is very popular for boating, fishing and camping and is home to many residents from other areas of the province during the summer months.

## Economy

Pig, Vegetable, Flower, Aquatic Products and tourism are main industries in the town.

## Transportation
### Expressway

The G5513 Changsha-Zhangjiajie Expressway, which connects Zhangjiajie and Changsha, runs northwest to southeast through the town.
The Yiyang-Yuanjiang Expressway, runs north through Yanzhi Subdistrict and Qionghu Subdistrict to Yuanjiang City, and runs south to Ziyang District of Yiyang City.

## Attractions

The Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park (云梦方舟水上乐园) is a famous scenic spot in the town.

## Gallery

* Entrance of Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park.
* The lake within the Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park.
* Boats are moored.
* People are boating in the Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park.
* The Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park
* A lantern light in the Yunmeng Fangzhou Water Park.
# Karate at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's kumite 67 kg

The men's kumite 67 kg competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 7 October 2023 at Linping Sports Centre Gymnasium, Hangzhou.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Round of 32 |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Round of 16 |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Semifinals |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Repechages |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 14:00 | Finals |

## Results
### Legend

* H — Won by hansoku (8–0)

### Main bracket
#### Final

| Gold medal contest | Gold medal contest |
| Fahed Al-Ajmi (KUW) | 9 |
| Abdelrahman Al-Masatfa (JOR) | 6 |

#### Top half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Matthew Manantan (PHI) | 2 | | | | |
| Dionísio Fernandes (TLS) | 1 | Shih Cheng-chung (TPE) | 4 | | | | |
| Shih Cheng-chung (TPE) | 10 | | | Shih Cheng-chung (TPE) | 6 | | |
| | | | | Soichiro Nakano (JPN) | 0 | | |
| | | Soichiro Nakano (JPN) | 4 | | | | |
| | | Yaman Al-Natsheh (QAT) | 1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Shih Cheng-chung (TPE) | 4 |
| | | | | | | Fahed Al-Ajmi (KUW) | 7$^H$ |
| | | Baýry Baýryýew (TKM) | 1 | | | | |
| Fahed Al-Ajmi (KUW) | 8 | Fahed Al-Ajmi (KUW) | 4 | | | | |
| Rinchen Jamtsho (BHU) | 0 | | | Fahed Al-Ajmi (KUW) | 11 | | |
| Sadriddin Saymatov (UZB) | 4 | | | Kalys Nurlanbek Uulu (KGZ) | 3 | | |
| Kalys Nurlanbek Uulu (KGZ) | 5 | Kalys Nurlanbek Uulu (KGZ) | 11 | | | | |
| | | Vong Man Tek (MAC) | 5 | | | | |

#### Bottom half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Abduvahob Sharapov (TJK) | 1 | | | | |
| Abdelrahman Al-Masatfa (JOR) | 7 | Abdelrahman Al-Masatfa (JOR) | 9 | | | | |
| Amir Mehdizadeh (IRI) | 0 | | | Abdelrahman Al-Masatfa (JOR) | 8 | | |
| | | | | Chaiwat Phiandee (THA) | 0 | | |
| | | Chaiwat Phiandee (THA) | 3 | | | | |
| | | Santosh Shrestha (NEP) | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Abdelrahman Al-Masatfa (JOR) | 10 |
| | | | | | | Didar Amirali (KAZ) | 2 |
| | | Cheng Hui Pan (HKG) | 3 | | | | |
| Didar Amirali (KAZ) | 8 | Didar Amirali (KAZ) | 10 | | | | |
| Chrun Virak Bouth (CAM) | 0 | | | Didar Amirali (KAZ) | 8 | | |
| Song Yun-hak (PRK) | 2 | | | Prem Kumar Selvam (MAS) | 0 | | |
| Prem Kumar Selvam (MAS) | 6 | Prem Kumar Selvam (MAS) | 2 | | | | |
| | | Denetha Avihinsa Fernando (SRI) | 0 | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Repechage round 2 | Bronze medal bouts | Bronze medal bouts |
| Rinchen Jamtsho (BHU) | 0 | Baýry Baýryýew (TKM) | 8 | Baýry Baýryýew (TKM) | 9 |
| Baýry Baýryýew (TKM) | 8 | Kalys Nurlanbek Uulu (KGZ) | 4 | Shih Cheng-chung (TPE) | 1 |
| Amir Mehdizadeh (IRI) | 1 | Amir Mehdizadeh (IRI) | 6 | Amir Mehdizadeh (IRI) | 2 |
| Abduvahob Sharapov (TJK) | 0 | Chaiwat Phiandee (THA) | 5 | Didar Amirali (KAZ) | 7 |
# Ageratina havanensis

Ageratina havanensis, the Havana snakeroot or white mistflower, is a species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae, native to the south-western United States (Texas), Cuba, and north-eastern and east-central Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Guanajuato, Querétaro). Unlike many other species of Ageratina, it is evergreen.

## Etymology

Ageratina is derived from Greek meaning 'un-aging', in reference to the flowers keeping their color for a long time. This name was used by Dioscorides for a number of different plants.
# Mong Pan

Mong Pan (Shan: ဝဵင်းမိူင်းပၼ်ႇ) is a town and seat of Mong Pan Township in the southern Shan State of Burma. To the south it borders Mae Hong Son Province in Thailand and lies west of the Salween River. It lies along National Road 45.

## Etymology

The name "Mong Pan" means "town of the revolving [lotus]" in Shan, and is transliterated into Burmese as Maingpan, also spelt Mine Pan.

## History

This town was formerly the residence of the Sawbwa of Mongpan State. The four districts of Möng Tang, Möng Hang, Möng Kyawt and Möng Hta, located to the south on the east bank of the Salween belonged to the Cis-Salween Sawbwa of Möngpan. In 1888 there was trouble owing to the action of Siam, who attempted to take possession of them. Siamese troops were posted in the four districts. Siam also claimed a further district, Möng Hsat, but posted no troops there.
# Astrothelium graphicum

Astrothelium graphicum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This lichen features an extended, reticulate pseudostroma that is lower than its slightly bullate thallus.

## Taxonomy

The species was formally described as new to science in 2016 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Suzana Maria de Azevedo Martins. The type collection was made in Santarém, Pará, Brazil, in September 2013.

## Description

The thallus of Astrothelium graphicum is corticate, smooth to somewhat bullate, and somewhat shiny. It is continuous, covering areas up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter and approximately 0.3 mm thick. The thallus is green with a thin orange pruina and is not surrounded by a prothallus. It does not induce gall formation on the host bark.
Ascomata are spherical, measuring 0.3–0.4 mm in diameter, and are mostly aggregated in groups of 10–40. They are immersed in or even below the pseudostromata, which have a surface distinct from the thallus. The pseudostromata are not distinctly lower than the thallus, irregular in outline, anastomosing to meandering in a reticulate pattern, and can reach up to about 5 mm in diameter. They are ochraceous with a thin orange pruina, and the inside is also ochraceous without containing bark tissue. The wall is carbonised and up to about 80 μm thick. Ostioles are apical, not fused, flat, ochraceous to brown, and surrounded by a whitish to ochraceous, often clearly exserted ring of about 0.1 mm. The hamathecium does not have oil globules interspersed. Asci contain 8 ascospores each. Ascospores are hyaline, muriform, ellipsoid, measuring 60–66 by 12–16 μm, without a distinctly thickened median septum, with rounded ends, and not surrounded by a gelatinous layer. Pycnidia have not been observed in this species.

### Similar species

Astrothelium graphicum is characterised by its extended, reticulate pseudostroma, lower than the slightly bullate thallus, and the orange pruina on both the thallus and pseudostroma, which gives it a resemblance to a giraffe's pattern. It is similar in aspect to A. flavomaculatum, which mainly differs by its much larger ascospores, measuring 140–200 by 25–30 μm.

## Chemistry

The thallus surface of Astrothelium graphicum reacts to UV light with a pink colour, and its medulla is K−. The pseudostroma surface also reacts to UV light with a pink colour, and the pigmented parts of the pseudostroma turn K+ (purple). Thin-layer chromatography, a technique used to identify chemical substances, reveals the presence of an anthraquinone, likely parietin.

## Habitat and distribution

This lichen grows on smooth bark of trees in rainforests. At the time of its original publication, it was known only from Brazil.
# Kevin Pio

Kevin Pio (born 28 July 1995 in Honiara) is a track and field sprinter from the Solomon Islands. He competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the 100 m event drafted into heat three. He ran his race in 11.54 seconds, beating only Sharry Dodin from Seychelles who had been disqualified for a false start, and therefore Pio didn't advance to the quarterfinals.
Pio also competed at the 2015 Pacific Games in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. He competed in the 100 m event running 11.75 seconds and failing to qualify to the next round. Pio also competed in the 200 metres and ran the race in 24.07 seconds, he qualified to the semifinals as a fastest loser. In the semifinals, Pio managed to run another 24.07 second time, but this time, was unable to advance to the finals, finishing 11th overall. Along with Mathew Sukulu, Alfred Iisia, and Emmanuel Maefigo Tautaumae, Pio participated in the 4 x 100 m relay in which the team came 7th running 43.59 seconds. Pio was the fourth and last leg for the Solomon Islands team.
# Khoirul Mashuda

Khoirul Mashuda (born August 8, 1982) is an Indonesian former footballer.
# Lepidomyia

Lepidomyia is a genus of hoverflies

## Species

* L. abdominalis (Williston, 1888)
* L. calopus (Loew, 1864)
* L. cincta Bigot, 1883
* L. lugens
* L. micheneri (Fluke, 1888)
* L. ortalina (Wulp, 1888)
* L. strigosellacola
* L. trilineata (Hull, 1941)
# José Lorente Sanz

José Luis Lorente Sanz (1902 – 2001) was a Spanish politician who served as acting Minister of Governance of Spain replacing outgoing minister Ramón Serrano Suñer between 1940 and 1941, during the Francoist dictatorship.
# Gwawl

In Welsh mythology, Gwawl (Gwawl fab Clud) was the son of Clud, and tricks Pwyll into promising him Rhiannon. She decides to marry Pwyll instead. Nothing is known of his father Clud.
Gwawl, son of Clud, is initially mentioned in the first of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi, when Rhiannon tells Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed, who wishes to marry her, that she is intended for Gwawl. Rhiannon and Pwyll form a plan to free her from her forced marriage to Gwawl and make arrangements for their own marriage in a year's time.
The year passes and it is assumed, if not mentioned, that Gwawl has heard of Rhiannon's pending marriage to Pwyll and has had sufficient time to create a plan so he can marry Rhiannon himself. During the wedding feast at the court of Hyfaidd Hen, Rhiannon's father, Gwawl enters and is described as "a large, noble, brown-haired fellow...wearing silk brocade." Gwawl tricks Pwyll into promising to grant him any reasonable request he should make. Realizing his error, Pwyll has no choice but to honour his promise to Gwawl, which is to give him Rhiannon, the feast, and the current wedding preparations. Pwyll reluctantly agrees to release Rhiannon from their marital alliance, but is unable to give Gwawl the feast and preparations, as they are not his to give away. Gwawl is promised to have Rhiannon's hand in marriage after a year has passed and he thus goes away. Unknown to him, Rhiannon instructs Pwyll about how he can win her back from Gwawl.
After the year is up, Gwawl returns to Rhiannon for the wedding feast and marriage. Pwyll also returns, dressed as a beggar, with a sack that can never be filled until a nobleman stomps down on the bag and orders it to be full. Pwyll enters and asks Gwawl if he can fill his bag with food, to which Gwawl immediately agrees. He becomes irritated when he sees how much food is being put into the sack and asks Pwyll when the sack will be full. Pwyll, as Rhiannon had instructed, says to Gwawl that a strong and powerful noble must trample down the food in the sack and say "enough has been put in here" and then it will be full.
Upon being persuaded by Rhiannon to do the task, Gwawl stands in the bag and Pwyll pulls the bag over Gwawl's head, trapping him within the sack. Pwyll summons his war band and they round up Gwawl's men and put them in chains. Gwawl, himself, is beaten within the bag by Pwyll's men, striking the bag with either their foot or a stick. This is the first account of the game "Badger-in-the-Bag" being played. Gwawl calls out to Pwyll, stating that there is no honor in killing a man trapped in a bag. Pwyll agrees to release Gwawl, if he first promises to never take revenge on them for what has happened. Gwawl eagerly accepts their proposal and is freed from the bag. He tells Pwyll and Rhiannon that he is injured and wounded and thus needs to leave. Gwawl leaves with his men and does not reappear in the other branches, although there is mention of him in the Third Branch of the Mabinogi.
# Leipzig Anger-Crottendorf station

Leipzig Anger-Crottendorf is a railway station in the city of Leipzig, Germany. The station was located on the Leipzig Hbf–Leipzig-Connewitz railway until its closure in November 2012. As part of City Tunnel network enhancements it was rebuilt thereafter a few meters east at the Leipzig-Engelsdorf–Leipzig-Stötteritz section of the Leipzig Freight Ring and reopened along with Leipzig City Tunnel on 15 December 2013. The station is served by the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland since then, train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

## Reconstruction since 2019

Since 2019 the station has been under reconstruction. Both platforms have been deconstructed and will be replaced by a new central platform. The bridges crossing Zweinaundorfer Straße are being rebuilt in shifted positions and the tracks will get a slightly different layout, in order to increase the speed limit from 60 to 80 km/h. During 2021 only one platform and one track is being operated. The project is planned to be completed in 2024.
* Carcass of a passenger lift
* Train departing southbound
* new railway embankment
* Oxyacetylene cutting to scrap one of the old railway bridges
* noise barriers are installed

## Train services

S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland services currently call at the station.
# Karacaören, Sandıklı

Karacaören is a village in the Sandıklı District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 452 (2021).
# Agedashi dōfu

Agedashi dōfu (揚げ出し豆腐, "lightly deep-fried tofu") is a Japanese hot tofu dish. Soft or medium-firm silken tofu (kinugoshi) is cut into cubes, before being lightly dusted with potato starch or cornstarch and then deep fried until golden brown. It is then served in a hot broth (tentsuyu) made of dashi, mirin, and shō-yu (Japanese soy sauce), with finely-chopped negi (a type of spring onion) and grated daikon or katsuobushi (dried skipjack tuna flakes) sprinkled on top.

## History

Agedashi dōfu is an old and well-known dish. It was included in Japanese tofu cookbook entitled Tofu Hyakuchin (literally "One hundred tofu"), published in 1782, alongside other tofu dishes such as chilled tofu (hiyayakko) and simmered tofu (yudofu).

## Other agedashi dishes

While agedashi dōfu is the best-known agedashi dish, some other dishes may be prepared with similar techniques. These include agedashinasu (揚げ出し茄子), using eggplant.