OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berberis sheridaniana

Berberis sheridaniana is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1913. It is endemic to China, found in the provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.

## Taxonomy

Berberis sheridaniana was initially scientifically described and named Mahonia sheridaniana by Camillo Karl Schneider. He named it named in honor of "Dr. W.R. Sheridan, formerly of the American Methodist Mission Hospital in Chengtu" (Chengdu, 成都市) This is most likely an error for Dr. W.J. Sheridan, of the Canadian Methodist Mission Hospital in Chengtu. A paper published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments for Mahonia being more properly classified as a synonym of Berberis renaming it Berberis sheridaniana. As of 2023 this is the most common classification by botanists.
# Kareli

Kareli may refer to:
* Kareli, Allahabad, a neighborhood in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Kareli District, a district of Georgia in the region of Shida Kartli
* Kareli, Georgia, a town in Shida Kartli District
* Kareli, Madhya Pradesh, a town in Narsinghpur district in Madhya Pradesh, India
# Józef Michał Łukasiewicz

Józef Michał Łukasiewicz (died after 1794), was a Polish merchant and politician. He served as President of Warsaw for two terms: in 1792-93 and 1794-96. He was an associate of Jan Dekert.
# John Colby

John Colby (December 9, 1787 – November 28, 1817) was an evangelist and itinerant preacher in the early Free Will Baptist movement in New England and various other American states.
Born to Thomas and Elizabeth Colby in Sandwich, New Hampshire, he became popular as a gifted preacher in his youth. Colby's preaching was instrumental in the conversions of hundreds of new believers and the formation of many new Free Will Baptist churches in Vermont, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. He was known as a self-sacrificing, humble man who travelled tirelessly from town to town throughout the United States in search of "lost souls". Colby developed consumption and died at the house of William M. Fauquier, Deacon of the Baptist church in Norfolk, Virginia at the age of 29.
# Hamangia

Hamangia may refer to:
* Hamangia, the former name of Baia, Tulcea, a commune in Tulcea County, Romania
* Hamangia culture
* Hamangia (river), a river in Tulcea County, Romania
# Fountain F.C.

Fountain F.C. is a Nigerian football club. They play in the second-tier Nigeria National League. They replaced Ocean Boys F.C. in the league nine games into the 2013 season after missing out on promotion from the Nigeria Nationwide League. The 4,000 capacity Oluyemi Kayode Stadium is their home.
They were disbanded by the state government after a last-place finish, and a new club, Ekiti United, was formed and bought Canaan F.C.'s slot in the national league.
# Acromyrmex pubescens

Acromyrmex pubescens is a species of leafcutter ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. They are native to Paraguay, northern Argentina, and eastern Brazil.

## Taxonomy

Acromyrmex pubescens was first described as Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens by the Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1905. Starting from Felix Santschi in 1912, subsequent studies have classified it as a subspecies of Acromyrmex lundii, until a reexamination in 2007 resulted in their reclassification as a separate species. It is similar to A. lundii but has more pubescent integument.

## Ecology

Acromyrmex pubescens, like most leafcutter ants, subsist mostly through a mutualistic relationship with fungi of the genus Leucocoprinus. They cultivate the fungi with masticated leaves taken from nearby trees. They are mostly found in isolated 'islands' of trees found in chaco savannahs.
# Edeleanu process

The Edeleanu process is a type of extraction process in the petroleum refining industry, whereby liquid sulfur dioxide is used to extract aromatics from kerosene. Liquid SO$_2$ selectively dissolves the aromatics leaving behind the low aromatic content kerosene as the finished product. It is named after the Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu. The aromatic extract is then separated from SO$_2$ through rectification and SO$_2$ recirculation. Temperature is maintained at -20°C.
By using a blend of sulfur dioxide and benzene, some improvement can be effected, more suitable solvents such as furfural, phenol and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are used.
# Isaak Shvarts

Isaak Shvarts may refer to:
* Isaac Schwartz (1923–2009), Soviet composer
* Isaac Izrailevich Schwartz (1879–1951), director of the Ukrainian Cheka and member of the Communist Party of Ukraine
# Benzyl mercaptan

Benzyl mercaptan is an organosulfur compound with the formula C$_6$H$_5$CH$_2$SH. It is a common laboratory alkylthiol that occurs in trace amounts naturally. It is a colorless, malodorous liquid.

## Preparation and occurrence

Benzyl mercaptan can be prepared by the reaction of benzyl chloride and thiourea. The initially formed isothiouronium salt must be subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to obtain the thiol.
It has been identified in boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.) and is known to contribute to the smoky aroma of certain wines. It also occurs naturally in coffee.

## Use in organic synthesis

Benzyl mercaptan is used for S-alkylation to give benzylthioethers.
It has been used as a source of the thiol functional group in organic synthesis. Debenzylation can be effected by dissolving metal reduction:
    RSCH$_2$C$_6$H$_5$ + 2 H$^+$ + 2 e$^−$ → RSH + CH$_3$C$_6$H$_5$
Condensed tannins undergo acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of benzyl mercaptan.

## Related derivatives

Methoxy-substituted benzyl mercaptans have been developed that cleave easily, are recyclable, and are odorless.
# Kanzlersgrund

Kanzlersgrund ski jump hills or Schanzenanlage im Kanzlersgrund (also Hans-Renner-Schanze, Rennsteigschanze or Schanze am Rennsteig) are ski jumping hills in Oberhof, Germany.

## History

Large hill was opened in 1959 and normal in 1987 and are owned by WSW Oberhof 05. It hosted four FIS Ski jumping World Cup events in 1989, 1991 and 2005 and more world cup events in Nordic combined. Anssi Koivuranta holds the hill record which is also the world record set on plastic mate.
50°41′48″N 10°40′49″E﻿ / ﻿50.6967°N 10.6803°E﻿ / 50.6967; 10.6803
# Bằng Phúc

Bằng Phúc is a commune (xã) and village in Chợ Đồn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.
22°15′37″N 105°40′56″E﻿ / ﻿22.26028°N 105.68222°E﻿ / 22.26028; 105.68222
* This article about a location in Bắc Kạn province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# John Croft

John Croft may refer to:
* John Croft (Australian politician), Senator for Western Australia
* John Croft (MP) (died 1420) for Lancashire
* John Croft (wine merchant) (1732–1820), English businessman, antiquarian and writer
* Sir John Croft, 1st Baronet (1778–1862), English diplomat
* John R. Croft, United States Air National Guard general
* John Croft (architect) (1800–1865), British architect
* Sir John Croft, 4th Baronet (c. 1735–1797)
* John Croft (surgeon), English surgeon
* Sir John Frederick Croft, 2nd Baronet (1828–1904), of the Croft baronets
* Sir John William Graham Croft, 4th Baronet (1910–1979), of the Croft baronets
* Sir John Archibald Radcliffe Croft, 5th Baronet (1910–1990), of the Croft baronets
* John Croft (d. 1904), an explosives expert who died clearing ruins in the Great Fire of Toronto (1904)
# Hamaederus pisinnus

Hamaederus pisinnus is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Argentina and Paraguay.
This species is sometimes treated as a member of the genus Plocaederus.
# Franciscan Crown

The Franciscan Crown (or Seraphic Rosary) is a rosary consisting of seven decades in commemoration of the Seven Joys of the Virgin, namely, the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity of Jesus, the Adoration of the Magi, the Finding in the Temple, the Resurrection of Jesus, and finally, either or both the Assumption of Mary and the Coronation of the Virgin. Devotion to the seven joys of Mary is found in a variety of forms and communities. It is especially popular with the Franciscans, Cistercians, and the Annunciades of St. Joan of France. The devotion was granted many indulgences by different popes, becoming the most heavily indulgenced devotion in the Catholic Church. In order for any associated indulgences to be received it was not necessary for a Franciscan rosary to have been blessed or even to use beads at all.

## History

The Franciscan Crown has variously been called the Franciscan Rosary, the Seraphic Rosary or the Rosary of the Seven Joys of Our Lady. The "Seven Joys" is a devotion that recalls seven joyful episodes in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The practice originated among the Franciscans in early 15th-century Italy. The themes resemble the 12th-century Gaudes, Latin praises that ask Mary to rejoice because God has favored her in various ways.
The Franciscan historian, Luke Wadding (1588-1657) dates the origin of the Franciscan Crown to the year 1422. According to Franciscan tradition, in 1422 an apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary took place in Assisi, to a Franciscan novice named James. As a child, he had the custom of offering daily the Virgin Mary a crown of roses. When he entered the Friars Minor, he became distressed that he would no longer be able to offer this gift. The Blessed Virgin appeared to him to give him comfort and showed him another daily offering that he might do: to pray every day seven decades of Hail Marys, meditating between each decade on one of the seven joys that she had experienced in her life.
Among the Friars Minor, the promotion of this devotion is attributed to Bonaventure, Cherubin of Spoleto, John Capistran, Pelbart of Temesvár, and Bernardino of Siena to mention a few. Bernadine is also said to have had a vision of the Virgin Mary when he was meditating on the seven joys of Mary.
According to Charles Sammons, "The Franciscan Crown offers us a chance to meditate on certain mysteries that we do not find in the Dominican Rosary [traditional Rosary], such as the Adoration of the Magi."

## Order of prayers

Following a brief period of meditation on each mystery, one Lord's Prayer and ten Hail Marys are prayed in order.
It is customary, after the seventh mystery, to pray two more Hail Marys to bring the total number to seventy-two in honor of the tradition that Mary lived for seventy-two years.
# Actinodaphne johorensis

Actinodaphne johorensis is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# 211th

211th may refer to:
* 211th Battalion (American Legion), CEF, a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War
* 211th Military Police Battalion, a unit of the Massachusetts Army National Guard
* 211th Rescue Squadron, a unit of the Alaska Air National Guard that flies the HC-130 Hercules
# Isothipendyl

Isothipendyl is a 1st generation H$_1$ antagonist (antihistamine) and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic. In the 2020s, at least, it is rarely used in the first line relief of allergies due to the anticholinergic side effect of somnolence but does have some limited use through topical application in the relief of insect bites and related itching (pruritus).
# Benington

Benington may refer to:
* Benington, Hertfordshire, England, a village and parish
* Benington, Lincolnshire, England, a village and parish
* John Benington (1921–1969), American basketball coach
* Walter Benington (1872–1936), British photographer
# Karha

Karha may refer to:
* Karha (spices), a mix of spices used to make a form of tea
* Karha River, a river flowing through the state of Maharashtra in India
# C.A. Fénix

C.A. Fénix may refer to:
* Centro Atlético Fénix, Uruguayan football club
* Club Atlético Fénix, Argentine football club
# Johann Matthias Schröckh

Johann Matthias Schröckh (July 26, 1733 – August 1, 1808) was an Austrian-German historian and literary scholar born in Vienna. He was a grandson to Pietist preacher Matthias Bel (1684–1749).
In 1751 he began his studies at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors, church historian Johann Lorenz von Mosheim (1693–1755) and Orientalist Johann David Michaelis (1717–1791). He continued his education at the University of Leipzig, earning his master's degree in 1755. During the following year he received his habilitation, and in 1762 became an associate professor of philosophy. Later he relocated to the University of Wittenberg, where in 1775 he was appointed professor of history.
Known for his prodigious literary output, Schröckh was the author of acclaimed works involving universal history, church history, history books for children, biographical studies, et al. His main work involved the 35-volume Christliche Kirchengeschichte (Christian Church History, 1768–1803) and its sequel Christliche Kirchengeschichte seit der Reformation (Christian Church History since the Reformation 1804–1812, 10 volumes), with the last two volumes being prepared by Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner (1778–1828).

## Selected publications

* Abbildungen und Lebensbeschreibungen berühmter Gelehrten (Images and biographies of famous scholars), 1764
* Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Weltgeschichte zum Gebrauche bei dem ersten Unterrichte der Jugend (Textbook of general world history for use as first lessons for young people), 1774
* Historia religionis et ecclesiae christianae, 1777
* Allgemeine Weltgeschichte für Kinder (General world history for children), 1779-1784
* Einleitung zur Universalhistorie: Umarbeitung von Hilmar Curas (Introduction of universal history: revision of Hilmar Curas), 1757
* Christliche Kirchengeschichte (Christian church history); 35 volumes, 1768–1803
* Christliche Kirchengeschichte seit der Reformation (Christian church history since the Reformation); with HG Tzschirner, 1804–1812.
# Hakonarson

Hákonarson is a Scandinavian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Einar Hákonarson (born 1945), Icelandic artist, an expressionistic and figurative painter
* Eiríkr Hákonarson (960s–1020s), earl of Lade, ruler of Norway and earl of Northumbria
* Grímur Hákonarson (born 1977), Icelandic film director
* Sveinn Hákonarson (died 1016), earl of the house of Hlaðir and co-ruler of Norway from 1000 to c. 1015
# Francisco J. Blanco García

Francisco Javier Blanco García, (1963, Honorary son of Cee, A Coruña) is a Spanish medical professional who has established a notable career in the field of rheumatology. He holds the position of full professor in the Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences at the Universidad de A Coruña. Additionally, he serves as the Head of the Clinical and Translational Rheumatology Section at the A Coruña University Hospital and is the Coordinator of the Rheumatology-Health Research Group (GIR) at INIBIC and CICA-UDC. Francisco J Blanco is also a Corresponding Academic of the Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain, the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy of Spain, and the Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Galicia. Recently, he was appointed Director of the Cathedra San Rafael Foundation-UDC.

## Research

Prof. Francisco Javier Blanco García's research is mainly focused on rheumatology, particularly in understanding osteoarthritis. He was the first to identify apoptosis in human joint chondrocytes, linking it to cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis and associating it with nitric oxide synthesis. Blanco's research focused on studying mitochondria's role in osteoarthritis ,leading the international study of mitochondrial genetics as biomarkers for the diagnosis, incidence, and prognosis of knee osteoarthritis.
He has contributed significantly to the field of protein biomarkers in osteoarthritis, recognized by OARSI in 2017.
Dr. Blanco is a co-founder of the PROCOAC cohort (Prospective Cohort of OsteoArthritis from Coruña) created in 2006.
# Acmaturris pelicanus

Acmaturris pelicanus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, USA; in the Caribbean Sea off Aruba.
# Echeta, Wyoming

Echeta is an unincorporated community in Campbell County in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The community is approximately 22 miles northwest of Gillette.
# Administration of Justice Act 1774

The Administration of Justice Act, or An Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice, also popularly called the Monkey Act and the Murder Act by George Washington, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (14 Geo. 3 c. 39). It covered the treatment of British officials in the Massachusetts Bay colony and became law on 20 May 1774.
It was one of several acts (known as the Intolerable Acts) passed by the British government in an effort to keep control of the American colonies.

## History

By the early 1770s, many citizens living in the British colonies in America were organizing for independence from the British government.
The Act was created in the aftermath of the Boston Tea Party, when the British government was working to regain control of the colony.
The law was one of the measures (commonly referred to as the Intolerable Acts, the Punitive Acts, or the Coercive Acts by many colonists) that was designed to secure Britain's jurisdiction over the American dominions. As such, it is a part of the Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence.
The Act was seen by those in America as a final sign that there would be no further negotiations with the British government in London. The First Continental Congress met four months later and the American Revolutionary War began less than a year after the Act was passed.

## Outline

The Coercive Acts included the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, and the Quebec Act.
The Administration of Justice Act allowed the royally appointed governor to remove any acquisition placed on a royal official by a member of the public, if the governor did not believe the official would have a fair trial. The Act was referred to as the "Murder Act", as the American separatists believed that the official could get away with capital offences.
To ensure that legal trials were more favorable to the Crown than the potential prejudices of local juries, the Act granted a change of venue to another British colony (or to Great Britain) in trials of officials charged with a crime arising from their enforcement of the law or suppression of riots. Witnesses for both sides were also required to attend the trial and were to be compensated for their expenses.

## Expiry and repeal

Section 8 said the Act would remain in force for 3 years. The whole Act was repealed as expired in 1871.
# Ishai Setton

Ishai Setton is an American film director, editor and producer. After graduating from the Tisch School of the Arts in New York City in 2002, he has worked both in cinema and television.

## Career

Setton made his feature-length directorial debut in 2006 with The Big Bad Swim, an independent comedy-drama that focuses on a group of people, each of whom is afraid of the water, that join an adult swim class. The Big Bad Swim premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2006. It received a generally positive response and won multiple awards from several film festivals.
In 2012, Setton directed 3 Days of Normal, starring Mircea Monroe and Jace Mclean. The same year he directed The Kitchen, an independent comedy-drama written by Jim Beggarly and starring Laura Prepon, Bryan Greenberg, and Dreama Walker. It premiered on August 14, 2012 at the Gen Art Film Festival.
As an editor, Setton edited Artifact (2012), a documentary film directed by Jared Leto. He also has worked as an editor on several American television series: Glee, Scream Queens, Star and Empire.
# Beresnevičius

Beresnevičius is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandras Kazimieras Beresnevičius [lt] (1823-1902), Lithuanian bishop
* Gintaras Beresnevičius (1961-2006), Lithuanian historian of religions
# Karachi Transport Ittehad

Karachi Transport Ittehad (KTI) is coalition of owners of private buses, minibuses, taxis and rickshaws in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Karachi Transport Ittehad sets the fares of private Transport in Karachi.
# John Cottingham

John Cottingham (born 1943) is an English philosopher. The focus of his research has been early-modern philosophy (especially Descartes), the philosophy of religion and moral philosophy. He is a Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Reading, Professorial Research Fellow at Heythrop College, University of London, and Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Oxford. He is also a current Visiting Professor to the Philosophy Department at King's College, London.
Cottingham has served as editor of the journal Ratio, president of the Aristotelian Society, of the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion, of the Mind Association and as Chairman of the British Society for the History of Philosophy. A Festschrift with responses by Cottingham, The Moral Life, was published by Palgrave in 2008.
Cottingham was educated at Merchant Taylors’ School near London, and St John's College, Oxford.

## Research
### Descartes

Cottingham introduced trialism as an alternative interpretation of the mind–body dualism of Descartes. Although composed of two substances, mind and body, the human being possesses distinctive attributes in its own right (including sensations, passions, emotions), and these form a third category, that cannot be reduced to thought or extension. Cottingham has also argued that Descartes's view of animals as ‘machines’ does not have the reductionistic implications commonly supposed. Finally, Cottingham has explored the importance of Descartes as a moral philosopher, with a comprehensive picture of the good life that draws both on his scientific work (in physiology and psychology) and also on the theistic outlook that informs all his philosophy. Cottingham is co-editor and translator of the three-volume Cambridge edition of The Philosophical Writings of Descartes.

### Moral philosophy and philosophy of religion

Cottingham criticizes a putative psychological impoverishment of contemporary moral philosophy, and argues that any plausible theory of a good and integrated life for human beings needs to draw on the insights available from a broadly psychoanalytic perspective. His work on partiality defends the importance of self-concern as a central ingredient in virtue. In On the Meaning of Life, he addresses the relationship between moral, aesthetic and religious modes of awareness in constituting a meaningful life. Cottingham's more recent work in the philosophy of religion argues for the primacy of the moral and spiritual aspects of religious allegiance over theoretical and doctrinal components.

## Selected works

* (2020) In Search of the Soul, Princeton University Press.
* (2015) How to Believe, Bloomsbury.
* (2009) Why Believe? Continuum
* (2008) Cartesian Reflections, Oxford University Press
* (2007) Western Philosophy, Blackwell
* (2005) The Spiritual Dimension, Cambridge University Press
* (2003) On the Meaning of Life, Routledge
* (1998) Philosophy and the good life: reason and the passions in Greek, Cartesian and psychoanalytic ethics, Cambridge University Press
* (1997) Descartes's Philosophy of Mind, Orion
* (1988) The Rationalists, Oxford University Press
* (1986) Descartes, Blackwell
# Hamid Zaher

Hamid Zaher (born 1974) is a Canada-based Afghan writer and gay rights activist.
Zaher was born 1974 in the Parwan Province. He studied pharmacy at Kabul University and graduated in 1998. In 2001, he had to flee Afghanistan when his family started pressuring him to get married, due to Afghanistan punishing homosexuality via the death penalty. He arrived in Canada in March 2008.
In 2009, Zaher published a book about his life and upbringing in Afghanistan called It is Your Enemy Who is Dock-Tailed, released in English in 2012 as Overcoming: Alone Against the World. In response, Zaher's family disowned him.
# Echeta grandis

Echeta grandis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1883. It is found in Ecuador.