# List of heads of state of the Maldives

This is a list of heads of state of the Maldives.

## Solar and Lunar dynasties
### Solar dynasty (Aadheettha Vansa)

At first, Maldives was a matriarchal society with each atoll ruled by a chief queen according to some accounts or by others, several theocratic societies ruled by priests known as Sawamias of heliolatric, selenolatric and astrolatric religions. After that, the first kingdom was established, named Dheeva Maari.
| Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sri Srudasarunaditya | before 269 BCE | unknown | Exiled prince and son of King Sri Brahmaditya of the Kalinga kingdom of India. |
| Unknown number of rulers | | | The Mapanansa, the copper plates on which the history of the Kings of Solar Dynasty was written were lost quite early on. A 4th century notice written by Ammianus Marcellinus (362 CE) speaks of gifts sent to the Roman emperor Julian by a deputation from the nation of "Divi". The name "Divi" is very similar to "Dheyvi" who were the first settlers of Maldives. |
| Srimati Damahara | unknown | unknown | Last ruler of the Solar Dynasty. It is unclear from the records how many other rulers ruled between the reigns of King Sri Srudasarunaditya and Queen Damahara. Married Prince Sri Baladitya from the Kalinga kingdom who later became the first king of the Lunar Dynasty. |

### Lunar dynasty (Soma Vansa)

Although the first kings of Maldives were of Solar dynasty, the last queen of the solar dynasty, Queen Srimati Damahara married a prince from Lunar dynasty (Soma Vansa) who came from Kalinga thus establishing the line of Soma Vansa.
| Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sri Baladitya | around 990 | unknown | Prince from Kalinga kingdom of India. Married Queen Damahara of the Solar dynasty to become the ruler of Dheeva Maari. Early during his reign King Rajaraja I of Chola captured the northern atolls Minicoy and Thiladhummathi. Although some sources indicate the start of the reign as when Rajaraja I invaded Maldives, a Chinese document from the Tang dynasty, records the visit of Maldivians to China bringing with them gifts from their king, Baladitya in 658 CE and also in 662 CE. The king mentioned might have been a king of the Solar dynasty. |
| Sri Laukabarana | unknown | unknown | King of the Lunar dynasty. He is son or grandson of Svasti Sri Damahara Maha Rehendi. |
| Sri Maha Sandura | unknown | unknown | Son of King Laukabarana. He had a daughter Princess Kamanhaar (also known as Kamanara or Rehendihara), who was banished to the island then called Is-Midu (Addu Meedhoo today). With her she took the Mapanansa, the copper plates in which the history of the kings of Solar dynasty was written. The Mapanansa were later buried by Al-Muhaddith Hasan, and this is why such little information survived about the Solar dynasty. |
| Sri Bovana Ananda | unknown | unknown | Son of King Laukabarana and brother of King Maha Sandura. He is the father of King Koimala. |

## Theemuge dynasty
### Sultan

* Queen Damahaar Maha Rehendi ( Last Queen of Solar dynasty )
** Svasti Sri Loka Abaruna, King Loka Abaruna
*** King Maha Sandura
**** Princess Kamanhaar
*** Svasti Sri Buwana Ananda, King Buwana ananda
**** Svasti Sri Somavamsa Adipati Sri Theemuge Sri Maha Parama Aditya, King Koimala.
**** Princess Henevi Ma'ava'a Kilage.
***** Prince Dhovemi Kalaminja, Sultan Dhovemi, Dharumavantha Rasgefaanu
***** Prince Sri Kalo
***** Princess Mulee Mava'a Kilege
****** Prince Muthey Kalaminja, Sultan Muthey
****** Princess Reki Hiriya Mava'a Kilage
******* Prince Ali Kalaminja, Sultan Ali I
******* Princess Fahi Hiriya Mava'a Kilage
******** Prince Dinei Kalaminja, Sultan Dhinei
******** Prince Dihai Kalaminja, Sultan Dhihei
******** Prince Valla Dio Kalaminja, Sultan Valla Dio
******** Princess Aidigu Mava'a Kilage
******** Prince Wadi Kalaminja, Sultan Wadi
********* Prince Hali Kalaminja, Sultan Hali I
********* Prince Keimi Kalaminja, Sultan Keimi
********* Prince Audha, Sultan Audha
********** Prince Hali, Sultan Hali II
********** Prince Yoosuf, Sultan Yoosuf I
*********** Prince Davud, Sultan Davud
*********** Prince Salis, Sultan Salis
************ Prince Omar, Sultan Omar I
************* Prince Ahmed Shihabuddine, Sultan Ahmed Shihabuddine
************* Princess Khadijah, Sultana Rehendi Khadijah
************* Princess Raadhafathi, Sultana Raadhafathi
************** Princess Dhaain, Sultana Dhaain
| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| King Mahaabarana Adeettiya (Koimala) | Maanaabarana | 1117 | 1141 | Svasti Sri Somavamsa Adipati Sri Theemuge Sri Maha Parama Aditya Maha Radun became the first king to rule over the whole of Maldives after reclaiming the northern atolls from the Indian invaders. |
| King Dhovemi Later Sultan Muhammad al-Adil | Siri Bavanditta Maha Radun | 1141 | 1165 | Reigned as a Buddhist until 1153. Son of Henevi Maava Kilege, sister of Koimala. A member of the Soma or Homa (Lunar) dynasty. Converted to Islam in 1153, assumed the title Sultan and founded the Theemuge dynasty. He was the famous Dharumavantha Radun or the Benevolent King. |
| Sultan Mute Kalaminja | Bavana Abaruna Maha Radun | 1165 | 1184 | Mother's sister's son of Dhovemi |
| Sultan Ali b. Reke Hiriya | Dammara-nanda Maha Radun | 1184 | 1192 | |
| Sultan Dinei Kalaminja | Fanaditta Maha Radun | 1192 | 1198 | The Lōmāfānu was written during Sultan Dhinei's reign |
| Sultan Dihei Kalaminja | Dagata Abaruna Maha Radun | 1198 | 1213 | Brother of Sultan Dhinei I. |
| Sultan Wati Kalaminha | Dagata Suvara Maha Radun | 1213 | 1232 | Brother of Sultans Dhinei I and Dhinei II. |
| Sultan (Unnamed) Kalaminja | Rada-rada Suvara Maha Radun | 1232 | 1257 | Brother of Sultans Dhinei I, Dhinei II and Wadi. |
| Sultan Hudei Kalaminja | Vira Abaruna Maha Radun | 1257 | 1263 | |
| Sultan Aima Kalaminja | Loka Suvara Maha Radun | 1263 | 1265 | |
| Sultan Hiley ( Ali ) Kalaminja | Sinja Abaruna Maha Radun | 1265 | 1267 | |
| Sultan Kalaminja b. Aydage | Madini Survara Maha Radun | 1267 | 1268 | |
| Sultan Uda ( Auda ) Kalaminja | Arida Suvara Maha Radun | 1268 | 1277 | Son of Sultan Wadi |
| Sultan Ali Kalamnija | Arida Suvara Maha Radun | 1277 | 1287 | Son of Sultan Audha |
| Sultan Yoosuf Kalamnija | Bavana Aditta Maha Radun | 1287 | 1293 | Brother of Sultan Hali II |
| Sultan Salah al-Din b. Yusuf | Some Sivara Maha Radun | 1293 | 1301 | Son of Sultan Yoosuf I |
| Sultan Da'ud b. Yusuf | Sundura Bavana Maha Radun | 1301 | 1306 | Son of Sultan Yoosuf I |
| Sultan Umar Vira ( Abu Fath Jalal al-Din ) | Loka Abaruna Maha Radun | 1306 | 1340 | Son of Sultan Salis |
| Sultan Shihab al-Din Ahmad | Loka Aditta Maha Radun | 1340 | 1347 | Son of Sultan Omar I, deposed, banished and assassinated by sister Khadijah |
| Sultana Rehindi Kabadi Kilege ( Khadija ) | Rada Abaruna Maha Radun | 1347 | 1362 | Deposed by her first husband Mohamed el-Jameel |
| Sultan Mohamed el-Jamil | Bavana Suja Maha Radun | 1362 | 1363 | First Husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by estranged wife Khadijah. He was nicknamed Handsome Mohamed. |
| Sultana Rehendi ( Khadijah ) | Rada Abaruna Maha Radun | 1363 | 1373 | Second reign on assassination of first husband Sultan Mohamed el-Jameel. Deposed for a second time by her second husband Abdullah. |
| Sultan Abdullah Kilege | Dammaru Aaditta Maha Radun | 1373 | 1376 | Second husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by wife Khadijah |
| Sultana Rehendi ( Khadijah ) | Rada Abaruna Maha Radun | 1376 | 1379 | Third reign |
| Sultana Radafati ( Adafate ) Kabadi Kilege | Soma Aburana Maha Radun | 1379 | 1380 | Daughter of Sultan Omar I, half sister of Sultana Khadijah. Deposed by husband Mohamed. |
| Sultan Mohamed b. Kai | Sundura Abaruna Maha Radun | 1380 | 1384 | Husband of Sultana Raadhafathi. |
| Sultana Da'inu Kabadi Kilege | Natta Abaruna Maha Radun | 1385 | 1388 | Daughter of Sultan Mohamed I. Deposed by husband Abdullah. |
| Sultan Abdullah | Soma Abaruna Maha Radun | 1388 | 1388 | Husband of Sultana Dhaain. Some records call him a Regent (Henevi-rasge). |
| Sultan Uthman al-Fahandavi | Sundura Aditta Maha Radun | 1388 | 1388 | Former Imam to Raadhafathi and Dhaain. Last of the Lunar dynasty. |

## Hilaalee dynasty
### Sultan

* Abbas al-Hilal
** Hassan Kuja Malim Kologe
*** Yusuf Handegiri Khadim Ma'abanderi
**** Sultan Danna Muhammadh
***** Princess Tukkabafaanu
** Kulhiveru Hilalu Kaivulanna Kaloge + Golavehi Kabulo
*** Hassan I, Sultan Hassan al-Hilali Sri Dhiru Buwana Maha Radhun
**** Prince Ibrahim al-Hilali Kalaminja, Sultan Ibrahim I al-Hilali
**** Prince Usman Ras Kilege, Sultan Usman II ibnu
**** Prince Abu Bakar Kalaminja, Sultan Abu Bakar I
***** Princess Rekka
****** Dorimena Kilegefaanu
****** Al-Amir Dombula Ali Farina Kilege, Sultan Ali V
****** Buraki Rani ( Queen regent or Rani ruled with Sultan Kalu Muhammedh )
****** Reki
***** Princess Kaba Dio
****** Shaikh Hassan, Sultan Hassan VI
*** Hussain I, Sultan Husain al-Hilali, Sultan of the Maldives ( Twins with brother Hassan )
**** Ma'afai Kalo Kilege
**** Kaulanna'a Kalo Kilege
**** Ali Heneve Ras Kilege, Sultan Ali IV
**** Prince Yusuf Kalaminja, Sultan Yusuf II
***** Sultan Haji Nasir ul-Mukhatib Hassan III
***** Prince Umaru Kalaminja, Sultan Umar II
****** Sultan Yusuf III
******* Sultan Hassan VII
****** Prince Hassan Kalaminnja, Sultan Hassan V
******* Prince Ibrahim Kalaminja Ras Kilege, Sultan Ibrahim II
****** Prince Yusufu Kalaminja Ras Kilege, Sultan Yusuf III
******* Sultan Hassan VII
****** Prince Kalu Muhammad Kalaminja, Sultan Kalu Muhammad
******* Prince Hassan Dobula Fa'aruna'a, Sultan Hassan VIII
******* Prince Umar Ma'afai Kilege, Sultan Hilali Muhammad
******** Sultan Muhammad
******** Prince Hemanin Kalaminja
******* Prince Ahmad Manikufa'anu Kalaminja
******** Sultan Hilali Hassan IX ( Later Dom Manoel )
********* Dom Francisco de Malvidas
********* Dom João de Malvidas, King Dom Felipe
********** Dom Felipe de Malvidas, King Dom Felipe
********** Infanta Dona Inez de Malvidas
*********** Dom Luís de Souza, King Dom Luís
************ Manuel de Sousa da Silva
*********** Dom Manoel Malavis
********* Dom Pedro de Malvidas
********* Dona Leonor de Malvidas
********* Dona Catarina de Malvidas
******* Princess Aisha Kabafaanu Rani Kilege + Sultan Ali IV
******** Kuda Kalafaanu
******** Sitti Maryam Ma'ava'a Kuda Kamanafa'anu Rani Kilege (d/o Aisha Kabafa'anu). m. at Malé, 1573, Al-Amir Hassan Rannabanderi Kilegefa'anu, younger son of Kalege Husain Thakuru'fa'anu, Khatib of Uthimu Island, Tiladummati Atoll
********* Kalege Kalu Hassan, of Bararu, Tiladummati Atoll ( Start of The Uthimu Dynasty )
********** Kalege Kalu 'Ali Thakurufa'anu, Khatib of Uthimu Island, Tiladummati Atoll
*********** Kalege Husain Thakuru'fa'anu, Khatib of Uthimu + Amina Dio
************ Kalege 'Ali Thakurufa'anu
************* Amira Maryam Kamba'adi Kilege
************** Amira Amina Ma'ava Kilege + Al-Amir 'Umar Ma'afai Kilege
*************** Kalu Thukkala, Sultan Shuja'at Muhammad Imad ud-din I, Bodu Rasgefaanu
**************** Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar I
***************** Prince Kuda Muhammad, who succeeded as Sultan Muhammad I
***************** Maryam + the son of Thakandhu 'Ali Bandeyri Thakurufa'anu.
***************** Princess Rendi Kaba'afa'anu
**************** A son, unknown name
***************** Amira Amina Kamba'adi Kilege + Al-Amir Mahmud Fandiyaru Kilegefa'anu (d. 8 March 1678), Chief Judge 1663-1678, son of Don Boi Naib Thakurufa'anu, the step-son of Addu Bodu Fandiyaru Thakurufa'anu.
****************** Funadhu Muhammad Siraj ud-din Thakurufa'anu, Khatib.
**************** Princess "Fulana" + Al-Amir Hassan Farina Kilege Dorimena, younger son of Al-Amir Husain Fa'amuladeri Kilegefa'anu
**************** Princess Mariyam Kaba'adi Kilege
************ Kalege Muhammed Bodu Thakurufa'anu Khatib, who succeeded as Sultan Ghazi Muhammed Thakurufa'anu al-'Azam
************ Al-Amir Hassan Thakurufa'anu Khatib + Princess Aisha Kabafa'anu, daughter of Sultan Kalu Muhammad
************* Kuda Kalafa'anu
************* Al-Amira Kuda Kalu Kamanafa'anu
********** Eduru Thakurufa'anu, Khatib of Bararu, Tiladummati Atoll
*********** Al-Amir 'Umar Oligina Kilege, of Maduvari Island
************ Al-Amir Husain Fa'amuladeri Kilegefa'anu
************* Al-Amir Muhammd Dorimena Kilegefa'anu
************* Al-Amir Hassan Farina Kilege Dorimena
************** Muhammad Manikufa'anu, Sultan Muhammad Muhi ud-din
| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Hassan I | Bavana | 1388 | 1398 | First of the Hilaaly dynasty. Son of Golhaavahi Kambulo ( Kalavahi Kabulo ) and Kulhiveri Hilaalu Kaeulhanna Kaloge son of Muslim Abbas of Hulhule. |
| Sultan Ibrahim I | Dhammaru Veeru | 1398 | 1398 | Son of Sultan Hassan I. Deposed by his uncle Hussain. |
| Sultan Hussain I | Loka Veeru | 1398 | 1409 | Brother of Sultan Hassan I. Assumed the throne after deposing his nephew Sultan Ibrahim I. |
| Sultan Nasiruddine | Veeru Abaarana | 1409 | 1411 | Introduced the Islamic penal code. Possibly a member of the Lunar dynasty |
| Sultan Hassan II | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1411 | 1411 | Drowned in a tank. |
| Sultan Isa | Bavana Sundhura | 1411 | 1411 | Brother of Sultan Hassan II. |
| Sultan Ibrahim I | Dhammaru Veeru | 1411 | 1421 | Second reign, first reigned in 1398. |
| Sultan Osman II | Dhammaru Loaka | 1421 | 1421 | Son of Sultan Osman I. |
| Sultan Danna Mohamed | Raadha Bavana | 1421 | 1421 | Uncle of Sultan's Hassan I and Hussain I. Prime Minister to Osman I |
| Sultan Yoosuf II | Loka Aananadha | 1421 | 1443 | Son of Sultan Hassan I |
| Sultan Aboobakuru I | Bavana Sooja | 1443 | 1443 | Son of Sultan Hassan I half brother of Sultan Yoosuf II. Killed in battle with the Portuguese who came to summon the Council of Ministers of the Maldives to Cochin. |
| Sultan Hasan III | Raadha Veeru | 1443 | 1467 | Son of Sultan Aboobakuru I. Deposed by Sayyid Mohamed while abroad. |
| Sultan Sayyid Mohamed | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1467 | 1467 | Deposed by Sultan Hassan III upon returning to Maldives. |
| Sultan Hasan III | Raadha Veeru | 1467 | 1468 | Second reign. |
| Sultan Mohamed II | Bavana Abaarana | 1468 | 1480 | Son of Sultan Hasan III. |
| Sultan Hassan IV | Raadha Loka | 1480 | 1480 | Son of Sultan Mohamed II. Deposed by Omar II. |
| Sultan Omar II | Loka Sundhura | 1480 | 1484 | Son of Sultan Yoosuf II. |
| Sultan Hassan V | Raadha Aanandha | 1484 | 1485 | Son of Sultan Omar II. |
| Sultan Hassan IV | Raadha Loka | 1485 | 1491 | Second reign. |
| Sultan Hassan VI | Raadha Fanaveeru | 1491 | 1492 | Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I. |
| Sultan Ibrahim II | Bavana Furasuddha | 1492 | 1492 | Son of Omar II. |
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed | Dhammaru Bavana | 1492 | 1492 | Son of Sultan Omar II. Deposed by his brother Yoosuf. |
| Sultan Yoosuf III | Veeru Aanandha | 1492 | 1493 | Son of Sultan Omar II. |
| Sultan Ali II | Audha Veeru | 1493 | 1495 | Grandson of Sultan Hassan I. |
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed | Dhammaru Bavana | 1495 | 1510 | Second reign. Son of Sultan Omar II Deposed for a second time, this time by his nephew Hassan. |
| Sultan Hassan VII | Singa Veeeru | 1510 | 1511 | Son of Sultan Yoosuf III. |
| Sultan Sharif Ahmed | Suddha Bavana | 1511 | 1513 | An Arab from Mecca. Possible descendant of Muhammad. |
| Sultan Ali III | Aanandha | 1513 | 1513 | Killed in a duel with his sister Burecca (Buraki Raani). Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I. Son of Mohamed Farhana Kalo and Recca daughter of Aboobakuru I |
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed | Dhammaru Bavana | 1513 | 1529 | Third accession assisted by his wife Queen Burecca who killed her brother Ali III |
| Sultan Hassan VIII | Ran Mani Loka | 1529 | 1549 | Son of Sultan Kalu Mohamed and Fatuma Dio, a concubine from Shiraz in Persia. |
| Sultan Mohamed III | Singa Bavana | 1549 | 1551 | Assassinated by his brother Hassan succeeded him. Son of Golhavahi Aysha Rani Kilege and Omar Maafaiy Kilege son of Kalu Mohamed and Aysha Rani Kilege daughter of Korari Kilege. Therefore, Grandson of Sultan Kalu Mohamed. |
| Sultan Hassan IX | Dhirukusa Loka | 1551 | 1552 | Brother of Mohamed III. He was the first Maldivian and only member of its royalty to renounce Islam and convert to Christianity. He was deposed upon conversion, and known subsequently by the Lusitanian name of Dom Manoel. |
| Interregnum | | 1552 | 1554 | Maldives ruled by a Council of Ministers. |
| Sultan Aboobakuru II | Asaalees Loka | 1554 | 1557 | Son of Ibrahim Faarhana Kilege and Sanfa Dio. Former Prime Minister to Dom Manoel. |
| Sultan Ali IV | Audha Siyaaka Katthiri | 1557 | 1558 | Killed in battle. Son of Prime Minister Abdur Rahman Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Sitti Rani Kilege. He was married to Princess Aysha Rani Kilege, aunt of Dom Manoel and daughter of Kalu Mohamed. |
| King Dom Manoel | Dhirikusa Loka (in absentia) | 1558 | 1573 | Restored as the king. Formerly known as Sultan Hassan IX. A Maldivian Catholic named Andiri Andirin acted as his regent, while Manoel lived in Goa. |
| Interregnum | | 1573 | 1573 | Maldives ruled by Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheemu after he assassinated Andiri Andirin, the regent of King Dom Manoel. As per a treaty he got refuge from Ali Raja of Cannanore, Mohamed Thakurufan's base of operation was Minicoy under the sovereignty of Cannanore. Keteeb Mohamed Thakurufan did not honour this promise. The Ali Raja demanded dominion over the Maldives, as promised to him by the Kateeb of Uteem. The nature of the relationship between Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and the Ali Raja of Cannanore was outlined in a letter sent by a later Ali Raja, Mariambe Ali-Adi Raja Bibi, to the Sultan Mohamed Mueenuddine I of the Maldives. The letter was dated Friday 17 Jamada-el-oula Anno Hegirae 1243 (7 December AD 1827). According to the letter Mohamed Thakurufan had entered into a treaty ceding sovereignty of the Maldives to the Ali Raja of Cannanore in the event Thakurufan was established in power in Male. (refer page 294 of Divehi Tarikh). |
| King Dom Manoel | Dhirikusa Loka | 1573 | 1583 | Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan concluded a Treaty with King Dom Manoel in order to ward off the Ali Raja of Cannanore with whose help the Kateeb seized power in Male. Under the treaty, Dom Manoel was restored but remained in Goa. The co-regents were Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheem and his brother Hassan Thakurufan. The kateeb conferred on himself the title of sultan in 1583 upon Dom Manoel's death. This was in breach of the Treaty and was not legally binding. |
| King Dom João | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1583 | 1603 | Son of King Manoel, who remained in Goa. He had two brothers, Dom Francisco and Dom Pedro. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and his brother Hassan Thakurufan ruled for King Dom João as co-regents. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan following the death of King Dom Manoel. He married a Portuguese Christian noblewoman, Donna Francisca Vasconelles and had two children, Dom Philippe and Dona Inez. Ibrahim, also known as Kalaafaan (literally "Lord") was the de facto sultan, but legally the regent of Kings Dom João and Dom Philippe who resided in Goa. He reigned from 1585 to 1609. Son of Mohamed Thakurufan, kateeb of Utheemu and Rehendiye Goyye daughter of Cat Fatima of Boarhi Woods in Baarah. Ibrahim Kalaafaan was the regent at the time of François Pyrard de Laval's detainment in the Maldives after the shipwreck. |
| King Dom Philippe | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1603 | 1632 | Son of King Dom João and Donna Francisca Vasconelles. Al-Amira Kuda Kalu Kamanafaanu acted as regent from 1607 until 1609. She was the daughter of Hassan Thakurufaan and Sitti Maryam Maavaa Kuda Kamanafaanu Rani Kilege, daughter of Sultan Ali VI, Sultan of the Maldives, by his wife, Princess Aisha Kabafa'anu, daughter of Sultan Kalu Mohamed Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege acted as regent from 1609 to 1620. Muhammad Imaduddin I acted as regent from 1620 to 1632. De-recognised in the Maldives after an abortive expedition with Portuguese assistance in order to abolish regency and assume power. |

## Utheemu dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin I | Kula Sundhura Katthiri Bavana | 1632 | 1648 | Legally proclaimed sultan in 1632 former regent for King Dom Philippe. |
| Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar I | Kula Ran Meeba Katthiri Bavana | 1648 | 1687 | Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin I. |
| Sultan Kuda Muhammad | Maniranna Loka | 1687 | 1691 | Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar I. His mother Princess Maryam acted as regent due to his age. Killed with his mother while at sea in an explosion. |
| Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine | Naakiree Sundhura | 1691 | 1692 | Re-established the Islamic penal code. Son of Dharanboodhoo Kadida Dio and Abu Naibu Hassan Dorhimeyna Kilege son of the Regent Hussain Famuladeyri Kilege. |

## Hamavi dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until. | Notes |
| Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen I | Mikaalha Madhaadheettha | 1692 | 1692 | Arab mentor of Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine. He first visited Male during the reign of Ibrahim Iskandar I. He was Probably poisoned to death. He coutured the re-establishment of the Islamic Penal code held by the previous Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine and assigned Scholars to teach in Mosques. In his Sultanate Maldives was very peaceful and citizens became educated and religious. (refer page 67 to 69 of Divehi Tarikh) |

## Dhevvadhoo dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Mohamed IV | Kula Ran Mani | 1692 | 1701 | First Sultan of the Dhevvadhoo dynasty. Popularly known as Dhevvadhoo Rasgefaanu, son of Ali Mafahaiy Kilege of Dhevvadhoo and Kakuni Dio. Sultan Mohamed IV was married to Khadheeja Kanba, daughter of Ibrahim Shah Bandar of Isdhoo ( Isdhoo Bodu Velaanaa Thakurufaan ) |

## Isdhoo dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Ali V | Kula Ran Muiy | 1701 | 1701 | First Sultan of the Isdhoo dynasty. Son of Ibrahim Shah Bandar Kilege of Isdhoo and Aysha Dio. |
| Sultan Hasan X | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1701 | 1701 | Son of Sultan Ali V. Deposed by his cousin Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. He is not listed in Radhavalhi, the official chronicle. |
| Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine | Muthey Ran Mani Loka | 1701 | 1704 | Cousin of Sultan Hasan X. Deposed by his Prime Minister Muhammad Imaduddin during the regency of his spouse, Fatima Kabafa'anu, while on the Hajj pilgrimage. |

## Dhiyamigili dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II | Kula Sundhura Siyaaka Saasthura | 1704 | 1720 | Prime Minister to Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. First of the Dhiyamigili dynasty. Son of Ibrahim Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Amina Dio. |
| Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II | Rannava Loka | 1720 | 1750 | Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi. |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin III | Navaranna Keerithi | 1750 | 1757 | Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi. Held captive on Kavaratti island from 1752 until his death in 1757. In 1752 he was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti island in the Laccadives. Male was occupied. The occupation was ended by Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku, a direct descendant of the penultimate Christian King Joao. The sultan died in captivity. During this time Maldives was ruled by the captive sultan's niece Amina I of Maldives and his daughter, Amina II. The de facto regent was Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku. |
| Interregnum | | 1757 | 1759 | Regency continued in expectation of the return of the deceased sultan's heir from captivity. |
| Sultana Amina I | | 1753 | 1754 | Daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II. Amina assumed the role of the ruler (regent) of Maldives in 1753 after Male was recaptured from the Malabars after 17 weeks of occupation. She was the daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II and Aisha Manikfan. She abdicated the throne and moved to Addu Atoll in the south. She was later banished to various islands and eventually became the Ruler of Maldives for the second time as the regent during the reign of her younger brother Sultan Mohamed Ghiyasuddin in 1773. |
| Sultana Amina II | | 1757 | 1759 | Daughter of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin III. Amina succeeded her cousin in 1754 as nominal regent for her absent father the age of nine, while Muleegey Hassan Manikfaan managed the political affairs as de facto regent. Her father died in 1757 in Minicoy, after which she formally became monarch and queen regnant. In 1759 Sultan Hassan Izzuddin became monarch because the citizens did not approve of a young female as their head. |

## Huraa dynasty
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din | Kula Ran Meeba Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bavana | 1759 | 1766 | Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku or Don Bandaara was the first Sultan of the Huraa Dynasty. Son of Amina Dio daughter of Mohamed Kateeb of Muli and Huraa Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan. |

## Dhiyamigili dynasty (restored)
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din | Kula Ranmani Keerithi | 1766 | 1774 | Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II. Deposed while on the Hajj pilgrimage |
| Interregnum | | 1773 | 1773 | Regency by Sultans elder sister Amina I. Her husband Ali Shahbandar took power during the regency, and Dhiyamigili dynasty lost the throne in the cascade of events that followed. Mohamed Manikfaan of Huraa usurped the throne and later abdicated in favour of his nephew who became Sultan Muizzuddin. Amina and her husband were banished to a remote island in Laamu Atoll. |

## Huraa dynasty (first restoration)
### Sultan

| Name | Regnal Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Notes |
| Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen II | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1774 | 1774 | Uncle of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din. |
| Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1774 | 1779 | Son of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din. Popularly known as Kalhu Bandaarain |
| Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen I | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1779 | 1799 | Brother of Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din. |
| Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen I | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1799 | 1835 | Son of Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen I. |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV | Kula Sudha Ira Siyaaka Saasthura Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bovana | 1835 | 1882 | Son of Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen I. |
| Sultan Ibrahim Nooraddeen | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1882 | 1886 | Abdicated in favor of his nephew Muhammad Mueenuddeen. |
| Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen II | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1886 | 1888 | Abdicated in favour of his uncle the former Sultan Ibrahim Nooraddeen. |
| Sultan Ibrahim Nooraddeen | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1888 | 1892 | Second reign. |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen V | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1892 | 1893 | His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. The regent abdicated in his name in favour of his older half brother. |
| Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1893 | 1893 | Brother of Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen V. His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. His cousin abdicated in his name and assumed the throne himself. |
| Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI | Keerithi Maha Radun (no coronation) | 1893 | 1902 | Former regent for Sultans Muhammad Imaaduddeen V and Muhammad Shamsuddeen III. Deposed while in the Ottoman Empire. |
| Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III | Kula Sundhura Katthiri Bavana | 1902 | 1934 | Second reign which ended when he was deposed and exiled. |
| Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II | Kula Sudha Ira Siyaaka Saasthura Audha Keerithi Katthiri Bavana | 1935 | 1943 | Forced to abdicate. |
| Interregnum | | 1944 | 1952 | Abdul Majeed Didi was elected Sultan but was never installed and continued to live in Ceylon. Maldives ruled by Council of Regency headed for a time by former Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II. Following the death of Abdul Majeed, and after a national referendum, the Maldives became a republic. |

## First Republic of Maldives
### President
#### Political parties

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| 1 | | Mohamed Amin Didi (1910–1954) | 1952 | 1 January 1953 | 2 September 1953 | 244 days | Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party | | Ibrahim Muhammad Didi |
| 2 | | Ibrahim Muhammad Didi (1902–1981) | — | 2 September 1953 | 7 March 1954 | 186 days | Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party | Vacant | Vacant |

## Huraa dynasty (second restoration)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) | Sultanate of the Maldives (1954–1968) |
| — | | Muhammad Fareed Didi (1901–1969) Sultan (King from 1965) | — | 7 March 1954 | 11 November 1968 | 14 years, 249 days | The Royal Family | — | — |

## President of the United Suvadive Republic

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| — | | Abdullah Afeef | — | 2 January 1959 | 23 September 1963 | 14 years, 249 days | - | — | — |

## Second Republic of Maldives
### President

Political parties
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Vice President | Vice President |
| 3 | | Ibrahim Nasir (1926–2008) | 1968 | 11 November 1968 | 11 November 1978 | 10 years | Independent | Office abolished | Office abolished |
| 3 | | Ibrahim Nasir (1926–2008) | 1973 | 11 November 1968 | 11 November 1978 | 10 years | Independent | Abdul Sattar Moosa Didi Ahmad Hilmy Didi Ibrahim Shihab Ali Maniku Hassan Zareer | Abdul Sattar Moosa Didi Ahmad Hilmy Didi Ibrahim Shihab Ali Maniku Hassan Zareer |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 1978 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 1983 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 1988 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 1993 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 1998 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 4 | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 2003 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Independent (until 21 February 2005) | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| | | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1937–) | 2003 | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years | Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party | Office vacant | Office vacant |
| 5 | | Mohamed Nasheed (1967–) | 2008 | 11 November 2008 | 7 February 2012 | 3 years, 88 days | Maldivian Democratic Party | | Mohammed Waheed Hassan |
| 6 | | Mohammed Waheed Hassan (1953–) | — | 7 February 2012 | 17 November 2013 | 1 year, 283 days | Gaumee Itthihaad | | Mohammed Waheed Deen |
| 7 | | Abdulla Yameen (1959–) | 2013 | 17 November 2013 | 17 November 2018 | 5 years | Progressive Party of Maldives | | Mohamed Jameel Ahmed |
| 7 | | Abdulla Yameen (1959–) | 2013 | 17 November 2013 | 17 November 2018 | 5 years | Progressive Party of Maldives | | Ahmed Adeeb |
| 7 | | Abdulla Yameen (1959–) | 2013 | 17 November 2013 | 17 November 2018 | 5 years | Progressive Party of Maldives | | Abdulla Jihad |
| 8 | | Ibrahim Mohamed Solih (1962–) | 2018 | 17 November 2018 | 17 November 2023 | 5 years | Maldivian Democratic Party | | Faisal Naseem |
| 9 | | Mohamed Muizzu (1978–) | 2023 | 17 November 2023 | Incumbent | 328 days | People's National Congress | | Hussain Mohamed Latheef |