OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of Brazilian gliders

This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.

## Brazilian miscellaneous constructors

* Aeromot AMT-100 Ximango — AEROMOT — Aeronaves e Motores S/A
* Aeromot AMT-200 Super Ximango — AEROMOT — Aeronaves e Motores S/A
* Aeromot AMT-300 Turbo Ximango Shark — AEROMOT — Aeronaves e Motores S/A
* Agripino Souza AMX-3 — Souza, Agripino
* CAP Alcatraz — Companhia Aeronáutica Paulista — Brazil
* CEA-101 CB.1 Gaivota — de Barros, Cláudio — "CEA — UFMG”
* CEA CB.2 Minuano — de Barros, Cláudio — "CEA — UFMG”
* EAY Primário — Empresa Aeronáutica Ypiranga
* EAY Secundário — Empresa Aeronáutica Ypiranga
* Embraer EMB 400 Urupema — Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica de São José dos Campos / Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica — Brazil
* HW-4 Flamingo — Widmer, Hans
* IPD Urubu — Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA) — São José dos Campos (SP)
* IPD Periquito — Pessotti, Guido — Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA)
* IPE 02 Nhapecan — Boscardin, João Carlos — Indústria Paranaense de Estruturas, Curitiba (PR)
* IPT-1 Gafanhoto — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-2 Aratinga — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-3 Saracura — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-5 Jaraguá — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-6 Stratus — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-12 Caboré — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* IPT-14 Marreco — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* ITA P-1 — Schubert, Ekkehard — Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica — São José dos Campos (SP)
* Juvenelle Rosario Skua — Florianópolis, Brazil
* Romagna Larus QR-15 — Romagna, Quintino
* Neiva B Monitor — “Industria Aeronautica Neiva”. Neiva, Jose Carlos
* Neiva BN-1 — “Industria Aeronautica Neiva”. Neiva, Jose Carlos
* PCB-1 — Planador Clube do Brasil — Rio de Janeiro (RJ)
* Professor — Ponta Grossa (PR)
* Reis BG 12-16 — Reis, Osório
* Rio Claro Araponga — de Oliveira, Sílvio — Aero Clube de Rio Claro, Rio Claro (SP)
* Santa Maria SM-1 — Hausen, João Carlos
* Santa Maria SM-2 — Hausen, João Carlos
* Santa Maria SM-3 — Hausen, João Carlos
* Santa Cruz do Sul S.C.S.1 — Lohre, Rudolf — Wenneck, Gustav — Santa Cruz do Sul (RS)
* Santa Cruz do Sul S.C.S.2 — Lohre, Rudolf — Santa Cruz do Sul (RS)
* Schubert P-1 — Schubert, Ekkehard Carlos Fernando – TECSIS, Sorocaba (SP)
* SP-19 Galinha — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* SP-21 Ganso — Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - São Paulo
* Sidou João Grande — Eng. Antônio Menezes Sidou
* Widmaier GB-1 Quero — Widmaier, Kuno
* Widmaier KW-1 Quero Quero — Widmaier, Kuno — IPE (Industria Paranaense de Estruturas)
* Widmaier KW 2 Biguá — Widmaier, Kuno
# Charles Shannon

Charles Shannon may refer to:
* Charles Shannon West (1829–1885), Texas politician
* Charles Haslewood Shannon (1865–1937), English artist
* Charles Shannon (artist) (1914–1996), American artist
* Charles Shannon (ice hockey) (1916–1974), American ice hockey player
* C. Shannon Mallory (1936–2018), Anglican bishop
* Charles E. Shannon (1943–2005), Massachusetts state senator
# Chlorion

Chlorion is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Sphecidae. Species have been recorded from the Americas, Africa and tropical Asia through to Java; they appear to prey mostly on Orthopteran insects.

## Species

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists:
* Chlorion aerarium Patton, 1879 Steel-blue Cricket Hunter Wasp
* Chlorion boharti Menke, 1961
* Chlorion consanguineum (Kohl, 1898)
* Chlorion cyaneum Dahlbom, 1843
* Chlorion funereum Gribodo, 1879
* Chlorion gratiosum (F.Smith, 1856)
* Chlorion hemiprasinum (Sichel, 1863)
* Chlorion hemipyrrhum (Sichel, 1863)
* Chlorion hirtum (Kohl, 1885)
* Chlorion lobatum (Fabricius, 1775) - type species (as Sphex lobatus Fabricius, 1775)
* Chlorion magnificum F.Morawitz, 1887
* Chlorion maxillosum (Poiret, 1787) – African cricket hunter wasp
* Chlorion migiurtinicum (Giordani Soika, 1941)
* Chlorion mirandum (Kohl, 1890)
* Chlorion regale F.Smith, 1873
* Chlorion semenowi F.Morawitz, 1890
* Chlorion splendidum Fabricius, 1804
* Chlorion strandi Willink, 1951
* Chlorion striatum Li & Yang, 1989
* Chlorion viridicoeruleum Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828
# A. chinense

A. chinense may refer to:
* Allium chinense, the Chinese onion, Chinese scallion, Japanese scallion or Oriental onion, an edible species of wild onion found in Asia
* Alangium chinense, a flowering plant species
# Jerry Chiemeke

Jerry Chiemeke (born 1 May 1991) is a Nigerian writer, lawyer, journalist, and film critic. Chiemeke won the 2017 Ken Saro-Wiwa Prize for Criticism.

## Early life and education

Born on 1 May 1991 in Warri, Delta State, Jerry Chiemeke was born to Stephen Chiemeke Snr., a Nigerian civil servant at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the late Veronica Chiemeke who worked as a teacher. As a child, Chiemeke grew up reading the works of Chinua Achebe, H. Ridder-Haggard, Charles Dickens, Cyprian Ekwensi, James Hardley Chase and Christopher Okigbo. Through his elder brother who rents VHS cassette tapes in a video rental at Ugborikoko, Chiemeke grew up watching Jean-Claude van Damme, Jackie Chan, Cynthia Rothrock and Sean Connery.
Chiemeke attended Lumen Christi International High School, Uromi, Edo State from 2001 to 2007 for his secondary school education. He proceeded to University of Benin (UNIBEN) in late 2007 where he was admitted to study law. He graduated in 2012 with Second Class (Upper Division) and was called to the Nigerian Bar the following after graduating from Nigerian Law School the following year.

## Career

In 2013, Chiemeke began writing on his Facebook page and later in April of the year, he opened a WordPress blog where he wrote short stories. His blog garnered followership the following year, while he started writing flash fictions for contests. In 2017, he won the Ken Saro-Wiwa Prize for Criticism and was shortlisted for the Diana Woods Memorial Award in 2019.
Chiemeke released his first full-length work, Dreaming of Ways To Understand You a collection of 15 short stories in 2020; it was published in print by MagicWand Publishers. The book was described as "a captivating and smoothly flowing narrative" in Business Day. He was the pioneer editor-in-chief of Afrocritik, a culture and entertainment outlet. He has represented Nigeria at film festivals such as Sundance, Berlinale, Blackstar Film Festival, and the Durban International Film Festival. He joined the media and marketing sector in 2019 and has worked with several companies.

## Personal life

Chiemeke moved the UK in October 2022 on the Global Talent Visa, with an endorsement by the Arts Council England.
# Jacchia Reference Atmosphere

The Jacchia Reference Atmosphere is a reference atmospheric model that defines values for atmospheric temperature, density, pressure and other properties at altitudes from 90 to 2500 km. Unlike the more common US Standard Atmosphere and related models, the Jacchia model includes latitudinal, seasonal, geomagnetic, and solar effects, but must be supplemented with another model at lower altitudes. The model, first published in 1970 and updated in 1971 and 1977, is based on spacecraft drag data, and is primarily used in spacecraft modeling and related fields.
A common assumption while using the Jacchia Model is that the atmosphere rotates with the Earth as a rigid body.
The statistical accuracy of the Jacchia Model is 15%.
# James Clunie

James Clunie (20 March 1889 – 25 February 1974) was a British Labour Party politician.
Born in Lower Largo, Clunie worked as a house painter and decorator. He joined the Scottish Painters' Society, serving on its executive, and also came to chair Dunfermline Trades Council. From 1933 until 1950, he served on Dunfermline Town Council. In 1950, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunfermline Burghs, serving until his retirement in 1959.

## Works

* (1920) The First Principles of Working Class Education, Glasgow: Socialist Labour Press
* (1954) Labour is my Faith: The autobiography of a house painter, Dunfermline: A Romanes & Son
# Immolation

Immolation may refer to:
* Death by burning
* Self-immolation, the act of burning oneself
* Immolation (band), a death metal band from Yonkers, New York
* The Immolation, a 1977 novel by Goh Poh Seng
* Dance Dance Immolation, an interactive performance piece using a modified Dance Dance Revolution
* "Brünnhilde's Immolation Scene", the closing scene of Richard Wagner's opera Götterdämmerung
# List of French astronauts

The following is a list of French astronauts, also referred to as spationauts, who have traveled into space, sorted by date of first flight.
As of 2024, ten French nationals have been in space. The first French national in space was Jean-Loup Chrétien in 1982. The first female spationaut was Claudie Haigneré, née André-Deshays, who traveled to Mir in 1996.
Jean-Loup Chrétien and Jean-François Clervoy are the only French nationals to have been in space three times. Jean-Pierre Haigneré and Thomas Pesquet are the only French nationals to have made long-term spaceflights.

## List

| Name | Mission | Mission start | Mission duration | Space station | Mission objectives |
| Jean-Loup Chrétien | Soyuz T-6 | June 24, 1982 | 7 days, 21 hours, 50 minutes | Salyut 7 | |
| Jean-Loup Chrétien | Soyuz TM-7 / Soyuz TM-6 | November 26, 1988 | 24 days, 17 hours, 52 minutes | Mir | Mir Aragatz mission |
| Jean-Loup Chrétien | STS-86 | September 26, 1997 | 10 days, 19 hours, 22 minutes | Mir | Seventh Shuttle-Mir Docking |
| Patrick Baudry | STS-51-G | June 17, 1985 | 7 days, 1 hour, 38 minutes | | Deployed three communications satellites, all attached to Payload Assist Module-D (PAM-D) |
| Michel Tognini | Soyuz TM-15 / Soyuz TM-14 | July 27, 1992 | 14 days | Mir | |
| Michel Tognini | STS-93 | July 23, 1999 | 4 days, 22 hours, 49 minutes | | Delivered the Chandra X-ray Observatory |
| Jean-Pierre Haigneré | Soyuz TM-17 / Soyuz TM-16 | July 1, 1993 | 21 days | Mir | |
| Jean-Pierre Haigneré | Soyuz TM-29 | February 20, 1999 | 188 days, 20 hours, 16 minutes | Mir | |
| Jean-François Clervoy | STS-66 | November 3, 1994 | 10 days, 22 hours, 34 minutes | | Conducted experiments on the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-3 (ATLAS-3) and the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CRISTA-SPAS) payloads |
| Jean-François Clervoy | STS-84 | May 15, 1997 | 9 days, 4 hours, 19 minutes | Mir | Sixth Shuttle-Mir Docking |
| Jean-François Clervoy | STS-103 | December 20, 1999 | 7 days, 23 hours, 11 minutes | | Third Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission |
| Jean-Jacques Favier | STS-78 | June 20, 1996 | 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes | | Conducted Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS) experiments |
| Claudie Haigneré | Soyuz TM-24 / Soyuz TM-23 | August 17, 1996 | 16 days | Mir | |
| Claudie Haigneré | Soyuz TM-33 / Soyuz TM-32 | October 21, 2001 | 10 days | ISS | |
| Léopold Eyharts | Soyuz TM-27 / Soyuz TM-26 | January 29, 1998 | 21 days | Mir | |
| Léopold Eyharts | STS-122 / STS-123 | February 8, 2008 | 48 days | ISS | Delivered the Japanese Kibo Logistics Module and the Canadian Dextre robotics system |
| Philippe Perrin | STS-111 | June 5, 2002 | 13 days, 20 hours, 35 minutes | ISS | |
| Thomas Pesquet | Soyuz MS-03 | November 17, 2016 | 194 days | ISS | |
| Thomas Pesquet | SpaceX Crew-2 | July 21, 2021 | 199 days, 17 hours and 43 minutes | ISS | |
# Charles Shadwell (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Charles Frederick Alexander Shadwell, KCB FRS (31 January 1814 – 1 March 1886) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, China Station.

## Naval career

Born the fourth son of Sir Lancelot Shadwell, Charles Shadwell joined the Royal Navy in 1827. He was present during operations off Syria in 1840. In 1850 he became Commander in HMS Sphinx and took part in the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Promoted Captain in 1853, he commanded HMS Highflyer from 1856 and took part in the capture of Canton and the Battle of Taku Forts during the Second Opium War. He commanded HMS Aboukir from 1861 and HMS Hastings from 1862. He was appointed Captain-Superintendent of Gosport victualling-yard in 1864 and Commander-in-Chief, China Station in 1871. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1861. In 1878 he was made President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.
He retired in 1879 and in retirement lived at Meadow Bank in Melksham in Wiltshire. He died unmarried in 1886.
# Chloriona

Chloriona is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Delphacidae.
The genus was first described by Fieber in 1866.
The species of this genus are found in Eurasia.
Species:
* Chloriona chinai
* Chloriona glaucescens
* Chloriona smaragdula
* Chloriona stenoptera
* Chloriona vasconica
# A. commutata

A. commutata may refer to:
* Abarema commutata, a South American legume
* Alsophila commutata, a tree fern
* Ambaiba commutata, a least concern plant
* Amphiura commutata, a brittle star
* Artemisia commutata, a herbaceous plant
# Gantt

Gantt may refer to:
* Henry Gantt, American mechanical engineer and management consultant, known for his work in the development of scientific management and creator of the Gantt chart
* Gantt chart, a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule and estimation
* Gantt (surname)
* Gantt, Alabama, United States
* Gantt, South Carolina, United States
# Jet wash

Jet wash, jet-wash, or jetwash may refer to:
* Wake turbulence, turbulence that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air
* Pressure washing, the use of high-pressure water spray to clean various objects, usually outdoors
* A self-serve car wash (primarily in Europe)
# J. D. Williams (disambiguation)

J. D. Williams (born 1978) is an American actor.
J. D. Williams may also refer to:
* J. D. Williams (admiral) (born 1935), vice admiral in the United States Navy
* J. D. Williams (Idaho politician) (born 1942), Idaho politician
* J. D. Williams (Wyoming politician), Wyoming politician
* JD Williams & Company Ltd, now part of N Brown Group
* James Dixon Williams (1877–1934), American film producer and studio executive
* James D. Williams (1808–1880), Indiana politician
* James D. Williams (Pennsylvania politician) (1943–1985)
* James Williams (defensive back) (born 1967), American football coach and former cornerback also known as J.D. Williams
# Cecilie Wellemberg

Cecilie Feo Feline (born in Hørsholm, July 21, 1994 with the name Cecilie Wellemberg) is a Danish model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Denmark 2015 and represented Denmark at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant.

## Personal life

Cecilie is a student at Copenhagen Business School in Denmark. She finished her bachelor degree in Business economies and communication the 13. July 2017. She is currently a Danish influencer (@ceciliefeline) and blogger (Blogger's Delight) based in the heart of Copenhagen.
In 2015 Cecilie changed her name from 'Cecilie Wellemberg' to Cecilie Feo Feline after visiting a numerologist.

### Model career

Cecilie has been a model since she was only 12 years old, and even competed in Denmark's Elite Model Look in 2011. After the competition Cecilie signed a contract with Elite Models. She worked both as a runway and commercial model. She became the face of the big Danish fashion brand, Buch Copenhagen which is located in Copenhagen. In the same periode she competed in Miss Universe Denmark and won. After the danish she competed against 97 other women from all over the world and placed at nr. 17 overall in the international pageant.

### Miss Universe Denmark 2015

Cecilie Feo Feline was crowned Miss Universe Denmark 2015 at AC Bella Sky Hotel, Copenhagen, Denmark on August 15, 2015. Cecilie represented Rungsted Kyst at the Face of Denmark competition, winning the top placement and securing the title of Miss Universe Denmark 2015. The Face of Denmark competition, was held for the first time in 2015 after the former national director of Miss Denmark lost the franchise for Miss Universe. Larissa Ramos (ME 2009) attended the first edition.
During her reign as Miss Universe Denmark, Cecilie is expected to be an ambassador of Denmark and a good example for young women. Cecilie represented her country at Miss Universe 2015, and placed at nr. 17 overall in the international pageant.
# James Bissett Pratt

James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 – January 15, 1944) held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935.
Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth. Pratt graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1893, then attended Williams College, graduating in 1898.
He subsequently studied at the University of Berlin and at Harvard University, earning his doctorate through his mentor William James in 1905. He returned to Williams to teach and write on philosophy thereafter. Pratt began teaching at Williams College in 1905 as Instructor of Philosophy. In 1906, he was promoted to Assistant Professor.
In 1910, Pratt traveled to Chicago, where he met his future wife, Catherine Mariotti. They traveled to Italy in 1911 and were married. In 1917, Pratt was named the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. He took a sabbatical in 1923, travelling in the Far East and teaching at the Chinese Christian University in Peking. Pratt retired in 1943 and received an honorary L.H.D. from Williams College. He died on January 15, 1944.

## Writings

* The Psychology of Religious Belief, 1907
* What Is Pragmatism? 1909
* India and Its Faiths, 1915
* Democracy and Peace, 1916
* Essays in Critical Realism, 1920 (collection of essays with one essay Critical Realism and the Possibility of Knowledge by Pratt)
* The Religious Consciousness: A Psychological Study, 1920
* Matter and Spirit, 1922
* Behaviorism and consciousness, 1922
* The Pilgrimage of Buddhism, 1928
* Reason in the Art of Living, 1949
* Eternal Values of Religion, 1950
# Avideh Nazeri

Avideh Nazeri is an Iranian endocrinologist who is director of clinical, medical, and regulatory for Novo Nordisk UK and Ireland.

## Education

Nazeri dreamed of becoming an air hostess as a child, but was encouraged by a teacher to study medicine. She trained in medicine at King's College London GKT School of Medical Education.

## Career

In 2008 Nazeri joined Novo Nordisk in Iran, before working in their global affairs department in Denmark. As global medical director she was in charge of the research portfolio on modern insulins aspart and semaglutide. In 2013 Nazeri became head of medical affairs in Canada, where she launched KOL engagement and learning programmes within their medical affairs group. In October 2016 Nazeri was appointed as a director of Novo Nordisk and worked to build partnerships and drive innovation.
Nazeri has expressed concern about the lack of awareness around the health risks of diabetes mellitus type 2, especially with regards to the development of cardiovascular disease. In 2017 Nazeri urged the public to return faulty insulin cartridge holders in the NovoPen Echo and NovoPen 5 devices, which were found to break when exposed to household cleaning agents. Under her leadership, the organisation has expanded treatment options for patients with diabetes. It was reported that Novo Nordisk's insulin degludec was the most cost-effective diabetic treatment. She launched Fiasp, a new fast acting insulin, which improves blood sugar levels after meals by working twice as quickly in the bloodstream.
Nazeri has contributed to Pharmaceutical Journal.
# Charles Dennis White House

The Charles Dennis White House, at 115 E. 400 North St. in Beaver, Utah, was built around 1882. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It was a work of stonemason Thomas Frazer. It is built of black rock (basalt) with gray granite lintels above doors and windows. Its front facade is symmetric with window-window-door-window-window openings. It has noticeably large quoins.
It is notable as the largest surviving work by Frazer. It has five of the six architectural elements common to Frazer's buildings: "dormer windows, a center gable, ashlar stonework, bargeboard along the eaves and dormers, and white-painted mortar joints." Inside, there is hand-painted graining on French doors to a music room. The property also includes an original granary.
It was built for one of polygamist Charles Dennis White's two families. White was a prominent citizen in Beaver, being a successful farmer and cattle and sheep herdsman, as well as superintendent of the large Beaver Co-op Store.
# Chippelle Airfield

Chippelle à Cartigny-L’Épinay (Chippelle) Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield, which is located near the commune of Cartigny-l'Épinay in the Calvados in the Normandy region of northern France.
Located just outside of Cartigny-l'Épinay, the United States Army Air Force established a temporary airfield shortly after D-Day on 16 June 1944, shortly after the Allied landings in France The airfield was one of the first established in the liberated area of Normandy, being constructed by the IX Engineering Command, 820th Engineer Aviation Battalion.

## History

Known as Advanced Landing Ground "A-5", the airfield consisted of a single 5000' (1500m) Square-Mesh Track runway aligned 06/24. In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure. A dump was built for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.
On 3 July, the first P-47's of the 404th Fighter Group were permitted to land on A-5 and the airfield was declared operational two days later. The group flew support missions during the Allied invasion of Normandy, patrolling roads in front of the beachhead, strafing German military vehicles and dropping bombs on gun emplacements, anti-aircraft artillery and concentrations of German troops in Normandy and Brittany when spotted.
After the Americans moved east into Central France with the advancing Allied Armies, the airfield was left un-garrisoned and used for resupply and casualty evacuation. It was closed on 5 September 1944 and the land returned to agricultural use.

## Major units assigned

* 404th Fighter Group 6 July – 29 August 1944
    506th (4K), 507th (Y8), 508th (7J) Fighter Squadrons (P-47D)

## Current use

Today the airfield is a mixture of various agricultural fields. A memorial to the men and units that were stationed at Chippelle was placed at the site of the former airfield. It is located on D 15 after the left Le Molay Littry before Épinay and turn right and follow the signs. After crossing the railroad tracks, turn immediately left. The stele is a few hundred meters to the left near a pond. NDW: Note that some map backgrounds suggest that the road along which lies the stele cross the railway track, it seems to be the case.
# AGM-1 carbine

The AGM-1 is a bullpup, semi-automatic carbine produced in Italy. The carbine is readily convertible from 9×19mm Parabellum to .45 ACP as well as .22 Long Rifle. It features a set trigger and a heavy, target-type barrel. The magazines for the 9×19mm Parabellum variant are interchangeable with the Browning Hi-Power pistol.