OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gul (design)

A gul (also written gol, göl and gül) is a medallion-like design element typical of traditional hand-woven carpets from Central and West Asia. In Turkmen weavings they are often repeated to form the pattern in the main field.

## Shape

Gul are medallions, often octagonal, and often somewhat angular on a generally octagonal plan, though they can be somewhat rounded within the constraints of carpet-weaving, and some are lozenge-shaped (rhombuses). They usually have either twofold rotational symmetry or mirror reflection symmetry (often both left/right and up/down).
Gul were historically described in the West as being elephant's foot motifs. Other Western guesses held that the gul was a drawing of a round Turkmen tent, with lines between tents representing irrigation canals; or that the emblem was a totemic bird. None of these descriptions have any basis in weaving tradition or culture.

## Etymology

The term gul, gol, göl or gül is used widely across Central and West Asia, and among carpet specialists in the West. It is derived from the Persian word gol (گل) which means flower or rose.

## Usage

In Turkmen weavings, such as bags and rugs, guls are often repeated to form the basic pattern in the main field (excluding the border).
The different Turkmen tribes such as Tekke, Salor, Ersari and Yomut traditionally wove a variety of guls, some of ancient design, but gul designs were often used by more than one tribe, and by non-Turkmens.
Western authors have used comparison of the "design vocabulary" of tribal guls, reproduced on traditional rugs, in studying the ethnogenesis of Asian peoples.

## In Western culture

Western artists including Hans Memling depicted oriental carpets from Turkish Anatolia with guls in several of his paintings, to the extent that these are known as Memling carpets. These guls often contain star or (hooked) dragon motifs as found on 15th century Konya carpets. The presence of the hooked motif defines a "Memling carpet". The artists Lorenzo Lotto and Hans Holbein who similarly depicted Anatolian carpets also have the varieties they painted named after them.
# Gusenbauer

Gusenbauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Gusenbauer (born 1960), Austrian politician
* Ilona Gusenbauer (born 1947), Austrian high jumper
# Guseman, West Virginia

Guseman is an unincorporated community in Preston County, in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

## History

A post office called Guseman was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1909. The community has the name of Jacob Guseman, an early settler.
# Gymnophthalmus underwoodi

Gymnophthalmus underwoodi, called commonly Underwood's spectacled tegu, is a species of microteiid lizard, which is found in South America and on certain Caribbean islands.

## Etymology

G. underwoodi is named after British herpetologist Garth Leon Underwood.

## Reproduction

G. underwoodi is a unisexual species, reproducing through parthenogenesis. Captive specimens have been recorded laying up to eleven eggs within four months, with between one and four eggs per clutch.

## Geographic range

The geographic distribution of G. underwoodi includes the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Antigua, Barbuda, Trinidad, and Tobago in the Lesser Antilles; and Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, and Venezuela in South America. It is also present on Dominica, which has been confirmed by both Breuil (2002) and Turk et al. (2010). Recent incursions on Saba and Sint Eustatius have led to a widely occurring non-native populations on both islands.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of G. underwoodi is grassland.

## Sources

* Breuil M (2002). Histoire naturelle des amphibiens et reptiles terrestres de l'Archipel Guadeloupéen. Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélem. Vol. 54. Paris: Patrimoines Naturels. pp. 1–339.
* Malhotra, Anita; Thorpe, Roger S. (1999). Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. London: Macmillan Education Ltd. pp. 34, 70, 83–84, 97, 101, 104. ISBN 0-333-69141-5.
# Gymnopilus alpinus

Gymnopilus alpinus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951.
# Gymnopilus anomalus

Gymnopilus anomalus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
# Gábor Fodor

Gábor Fodor may refer to:
* Gábor Fodor (chemist) (1915–2000), Hungarian chemist
* Gábor Fodor (politician) (born 1962), Hungarian liberal politician
# Gürece, Susurluk

Gürece is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Susurluk, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 320 (2022).
# Gábor Zavadszky

Gábor Zavadszky (10 September 1974 – 7 January 2006) was a Hungarian footballer.

## Club career

Zavadszky was a midfielder and first played for MTK Hungária FC and Ferencvárosi Torna Club in his hometown Budapest. In early 2005 he joined Apollon Limassol in Cyprus, where he last stood under contract.

## International career

He represented the Hungarian national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where Hungary failed to progress from the group stage.

## Death

Zavadszky died on 7 January 2006 in Limassol from an embolism.

## Honours

Ferencvárosi TC
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 1995, 1996
** Runner up: 1998
* Magyar Kupa: 1993, 1994, 1995
* Szuperkupa: 1993, 1994, 1995
Dunaferr SE
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2000
MTK Hungária
* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2003
* Szuperkupa: 2003
# Gustav Peter

Gustav Peter (c. 1833 – 1919) was a composer of popular music.
There is little known about the life of Gustav Peter. He is supposed to be Austrian or Hungarian but this is still unsure. Sometimes his name is also given as Gustav Heinrich Peter or Heinrich Gustav Peter.
Gustav Peter is the composer of the widely popular piece of music Memory of Circus Renz that was published in 1894 with the original title Souvenir de Cirque Renz. Its musical form is a Galop and primarily it was written for xylophone, but later adapted to various kinds of instruments. It is one of the best-known examples of circus music.
The work was composed at a time when fast dances such as the Galopp were popular in German light music, the xylophone was being rediscovered as an instrument, and Circus Renz was enjoying great popularity in Berlin. Thus, a number of Gustav Peter's contemporaries composed similar works, most of which, however, have been forgotten today.
# Gustav Philipp Zwinger

Gustav Philipp Zwinger (3 January 1779 – 15 January 1819), painter and etcher, was born at Nuremberg. He was the son and pupil of the painter and engraver Sigmund Zwinger (1744—1813), now chiefly remembered as a teacher. Gustav completed his studies under Heinrich Füger in Vienna, and returning to his native town, became in turn professor and director of the Art School. He was also known as an historical painter, both in oil and watercolour, and as a designer of book illustrations. He etched a few plates and tried his hand at lithography. He died at Nuremberg.
# Günther Laukien Prize

The Günther Laukien Prize is a prize presented at the Experimental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Conference "to recognize recent cutting-edge experimental NMR research with a high probability of enabling beneficial new applications". The prize was established in 1999 in memoriam to Günther Laukien, who was a pioneer in NMR research. The prize money of $20,000 is financed by Bruker, the company founded by Laukien. The recipients of the Günther Laukien Prize have been:
* 2023 Lyndon Emsley and Anne Lesage
* 2022 Michael Garwood
* 2021 Gareth Morris
* 2020 Simon Duckett, Konstantin Ivanov, and Warren S. Warren
* 2019 Geoffrey Bodenhausen, and Christian Griesinger
* 2018 Gerhard Wagner
* 2017 Kurt Zilm and Bernd Reif
* 2016 Robert S. Balaban and Peter van Zijl
* 2015 Arthur Palmer III
* 2014 Marc Baldus, Mei Hong, Ann McDermott, Beat H. Meier, Hartmut Oschkinat, and Robert Tycko
* 2013 Clare Grey
* 2012 Klaes Golman and Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
* 2011 Daniel Rugar, John Mamin, and John Sidles
* 2010 Paul Callaghan
* 2009 Daniel Weitekamp
* 2008 Malcolm Levitt
* 2007 Robert G. Griffin
* 2006 Thomas Szyperski, Eriks Kupce, Ray Freeman, and Rafael Bruschweiler
* 2005 Stephan Grzesiek
* 2004 Lewis E. Kay
* 2003 Jacob Schaefer
* 2002 Ad Bax, Aksel Bothner-By and James Prestegard
* 2001 Peter Boesiger, Klaas Prüßmann and Markus Weiger
* 2000 Lucio Frydman
* 1999 Konstantin Pervushin, Roland Riek, Gerhard Wider, and Kurt Wuthrich
# Générac

Générac is the name of 2 communes in France:
* Générac, in the Gard department
* Générac, in the Gironde department
# Hamza Almuzahim

Hamza Saleh Almuzahim (born 12 April 1986) is a Ugandan former cricketer.
Almuzahim was born at Jinja in April 1986. Almuzahim captained the Uganda Under-19 cricket team in the 2004 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. The following year he was included in the senior Uganda squad for the ICC Trophy in Ireland, during which he made his List A one-day debut against the United States, making an unbeaten 45 runs to guide Uganda to a 6 wicket victory. He made a total of five appearances during the tournament. The following year he once again captained the Uganda Under-19 team in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup, with Uganda finishing in 14th place.
After a gap of five years, Almuzahim was recalled to the Ugandan squad for their Intercontinental Shield match against Namibia, in which he made his first-class debut. He also played in a one-day match on the tour, in addition to making his Twenty20. He played in four more one-day matches in 2010, against Kenya. The following year he was selected in the Ugandan squad for the World Cricket League Division Two, playing in five matches during the tournament. In November 2013, he was named in the Ugandan squad for the ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, with him playing in seven matches during the qualifier. The following year he played for Uganda in the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier in New Zealand, playing in six one-day matches during the qualifier. In total, Almuzahim played in twenty List A one-day matches for Uganda, scoring 230 runs at an average of 12.77 and with a highest score of 45 not out. In eight Twenty20 matches, he scored 94 runs at an average of 11.75, and a highest score of 45.
# Hamilton JournalNews

Hamilton JournalNews was a daily broadsheet newspaper based in Hamilton, Ohio, and owned by Cox Media Group. The paper covered news in Hamilton and outlying areas. In September 2013, Cox Media Group Ohio announced that, effective November 1, the Hamilton JournalNews would be merged with The Middletown Journal into a new paper, the Journal-News.

## Awards

The Hamilton JournalNews brought award-winning news and information to readers in the Hamilton area since 1886. More than once it was named Best Newspaper in Ohio by The Ohio Society of Professional Journalists for its circulation. The paper also received the first-place General Excellence Award by the Associated Press.

## History

The newspaper has a history going back to 1879:
* Dec. 11, 1879 debut of the Hamilton Daily News
* Dec. 20, 1886 debut of the Daily Democrat (an upgrade of the weekly Butler County Democrat)
* June 18, 1902 debut of the Hamilton Daily Sun
* Aug. 12, 1907 merger of dailies Democrat and Sun form the Hamilton Democrat-Sun
* Jan. 8, 1908 name change of Democrat-Sun to Hamilton Evening Journal, the Evening Journal becomes one of 18 charter members of the Associated Press
* Feb. 6, 1933 merger of the Evening Journal and Daily News to form the Hamilton Journal-News
* Nov. 1, 2013 merger of dailies Hamilton JournalNews and Middletown Journal into the new Journal-News.
# Hans Rudolf Vaget

Hans Rudolf Vaget (born February 2, 1938, in Marienbad, Czechoslovakia) is Professor emeritus of German Studies at Smith College.

## Life

Hans Rudolf Vaget is Professor emeritus of German Studies at Smith College, where he taught from 1967 to 2004. A graduate of the Eberhard-Ludwigs Gymnasium, Stuttgart, he received his academic training at the University of Munich and University of Tübingen, the University of Wales at Cardiff and at Columbia University, New York. He has published widely in the field of German Studies from the 18th century to the present.
In addition to Smith College, Vaget has taught at the University of California, Irvine; at Yale, at Columbia, at Princeton, the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Middlebury College, and Hamburg University.
The emphasis of Vaget's scholarship has been on Goethe, Wagner, and Thomas Mann. A co-founder and former president; of the Goethe Society of North America, Vaget is one of the chief editors of the new edition of the works, the letters and diaries of Thomas Mann; a former co-editor of wagnerspectrum, a journal of Wagner Studies, and since 1985 a member of the Advisory Board of the Wagner Society of New York.

## Selected publications

* Thomas Mann, der Amerikaner. Leben und Werk im amerikanischen Exil, 1938–1952 (Frankfurt/M: S. Fischer, 2011; 2nd. ed. 2013)
* Thomas Mann, Briefe III, 1924–1932, co-editor (Frankfurt/M: S. Fischer, 2011)
* Im Schatten Wagners. Thomas Mann über Richard Wagner, Texte und Zeugnisse 1895–1955 (Frankfurt/Main: S. Fischer, 3rd. ed. 2010
* Thomas Mann's "The Magic Mountain." A Casebook in Criticism (New York: Oxford UP, 2008)
* The Political Ramifications of Hitler's Cult of Wagner. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-3-9808223-6-7

## Honors

Thomas-Mann-Medal, awarded by the German Thomas Mann Society (Lübeck 1994).
Research Prize of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Bonn, 2001).
Mellon Emeritus Fellowship (New York, 2011).
Fellowship (Berlin Prize) from American Academy Berlin (Berlin 2012).
# Hans Deppe

Hans Deppe (German: ; 12 November 1897 – 23 September 1969) was a German actor and film director.

## Filmography
### As director

| Die rosarote Brille (1934, Short) Die kleinen Verwandten (1934, Short) The Rider on the White Horse (1934) Hubertus Castle (1934) Herr Kobin geht auf Abenteuer (1934) Holiday From Myself (1934) Bums, der Scheidungsgrund (1934, Short) A Night of Change (1935) The Saint and Her Fool (1935) The Valiant Navigator (1935) Der Außenseiter (1935) The Three Around Christine (1936) Street Music (1936) Drei tolle Tage (1936) The Hunter of Fall (1936) Das schöne Fräulein Schragg (1937) Meiseken (1937) Silence in the Forest (1937) 2 x 2 im Himmelbett (1937) Storms in May (1938) Fools in the Snow (1938) Scheidungsreise (1938) Die kluge Schwiegermutter (1939) The Scoundrel (1939) Verwandte sind auch Menschen (1940) Der Sündenbock (1940) Der laufende Berg (1941) Heimaterde (1941) The War of the Oxen (1943) A Salzburg Comedy (1943) Gefährlicher Frühling (1943) The Master of the Estate (1943) A Man Like Maximilian (1945) No Place for Love (1947) How Do We Tell Our Children? (1949) The Cuckoos (1949) My Wife's Friends (1949) | Don't Play with Love (1949) One Night Apart (1950) The Black Forest Girl (1950) Not Without Gisela (1951) The Heath Is Green (1951) Holiday From Myself (1952) The Prince of Pappenheim (1952) The Land of Smiles (1952) Secretly Still and Quiet (1953) When the White Lilacs Bloom Again (1953) The Seven Dresses of Katrin (1954) The Country Schoolmaster (1954) The Great Lola (1954) Son Without a Home (1955) The Ambassador's Wife (1955) The Priest from Kirchfeld (1955) When the Alpine Roses Bloom (1955) Your Life Guards (1955) The Tour Guide of Lisbon (1956) A Thousand Melodies (1956) My Brother Joshua (1956) As Long as the Roses Bloom (1956) Beneath the Palms on the Blue Sea (1957) All Roads Lead Home (1957) Immer die Radfahrer (1958) Thirteen Old Donkeys (1958) That's No Way to Land a Man (1959) Mandolins and Moonlight (1959) Kein Mann zum Heiraten (1959) Guitars Sound Softly Through the Night (1959) The Domestic Tyrant (1959) When the Heath Is in Bloom (1960) Robert and Bertram (1961) I Must Go to the City (1962) Unsere Jenny (1962, TV film) Wie lernt man Reisen? (1966, TV film) |

### As actor

| The Street Song (1931) Berlin-Alexanderplatz (1931) Storms of Passion (1932) The Victor (1932) A Blonde Dream (1932) Two Hearts Beat as One (1932) Die Wette (1933, Short) A City Upside Down (1933) Großstadtnacht (1933) A Door Opens (1933) The Empress and I (1933) Ein gewisser Herr Gran (1933) Hitlerjunge Quex (1933) Happy Days in Aranjuez (1933) Der Stern von Valencia (1933) | The Rider on the White Horse (1934) Pappi (1934) Frau Eva wird mondain! (1934, Short) Street Music (1936) The Berliner (1948) Your Life Guards (1955) Freddy and the Song of the South Pacific (1962) Der Fall Rohrbach (1963, TV miniseries) Man soll den Onkel nicht vergiften (1965, TV film) Förster Horn (1966, TV series) Socialaristokraten (1966, TV film) Unwiederbringlich (1968, TV film) Mathilde Möhring (1969, TV film) Zwei ahnungslose Engel (1969, TV film) Christmas Not Just Once a Year [de] (1970, TV film) |
# Hand signals (disambiguation)

Hand signals or hand signaling may refer to;
* Hand signals used by cyclists and motorists to indicate intended actions
* Hand signals (pickleball) used by line judges and players
* Hand signaling (open outcry) used on financial trading floors
* U.S. Army hand and arm signals used during radio silence
# Hang Ten Icefield

The Hang Ten Icefield is a glacier located in the province of British Columbia in Canada. The icefield is mountainous to the west, but becomes more hilly as one approaches the east. The highest point in the icefield is Devils Paw. The area around the Hang Ten Icefield is extremely sparsely populated, with the population averaging under two people per square kilometre. There are also no communities in the vicinity. The icefield is a part of the Boreal Climate Zone. The area surrounding the icefield is permanently covered with snow.
# Hans Kalm

Hans Kalm (21 April 1889 – 1 February 1981) was an Estonian soldier who served in the armies of Russian Empire, Finland and Estonia. He was also a homeopath and naturopath who took an interest in alternative medicine.

## World War I and Finnish Civil War

Kalm was born to a farmer's family in the village of Kotsama in Kõo Parish (now Põhja-Sakala Parish in Estonia) in the Kreis Fellin of the Governorate of Livonia. His last name is connected with the old Finno-Ugric word kalma, meaning 'death'. According to a family legend, one of Kalm's forefathers survived the Black Death by hiding in a remote cemetery island and therefore changed his name. Kalm was recruited by the Imperial Russian Army in 1914 and fought in the First World War in the Gulf of Riga. After the 1917 Russian Revolution he fled to Finland and joined the White Guards. In the 1918 Finnish Civil War he led a battalion mostly composed of the students of two park ranger colleges from Ähtäri and Evo.
Kalm's battalion became infamous in March as they attacked a Red Guard sanatorium in the village of Harmoinen in Kuhmoinen municipality, killing 11 wounded soldiers and two nurses. After the Battle of Lahti, his battalion was in charge of the Hennala camp. In a short period in May, more than 500 Red prisoners were executed, including some 200 female fighters. The youngest of the latter ones were only 14-year-old. It is most likely that Kalm himself shot the Red leader Ali Aaltonen.

## War in Estonia

Kalm resigned from the White Army in July 1918 and left for Estonia, where he became the commander of the Pohjan Pojat regiment fighting in the Estonian War of Independence. It was a unit composed of Finnish volunteers. Pohjan Pojat was disbanded in May 1919 and Kalm returned to Finland. From 1923 to 1933 he lived in the United States studying medicine and working as a doctor in New Jersey and New York. He was granted United States citizenship in 1930. Kalm returned to Finland again in 1934 and settled in Rauma in Western Finland. He was interested in alternative medicine like naturopathy, orthopathy, and homeopathy and even ran a spa.

## World War II and post-war years

As Finland joined the Second World War, Kalm was briefly the commander of a POW camp in Pieksämäki. He was released in October 1941 and sent to Germany to study military health issues for the Finnish Army. During the war, Kalm was also active in the Finnish Nazi organization Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (KTJ). To avoid being arrested for his misconduct at the Pieksämäki prison camp, Kalm fled to the United States via Sweden in 1946. Kalm worked as a physician in Aiken County, South Carolina and later studied surgery in Mexico.
In 1957 Kalm returned to Finland to practice homeopathic medicine. His doctor's license was finally cancelled in 1974 as Finnish authorities found out that Mid-West Medical College, where Kalm had graduated in 1933, was not approved by the American Medical Association. Hans Kalm spent his last years with his son's family in Jyväskylä and died in 1981.

## Selected publications

* Organotropia as a Basis of Therapy (1969)
# Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass

Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass is a studio album by American country music artist Hank Locklin, American record producer Danny Davis and session band named the Nashville Brass. It was released in March 1970 via RCA Victor Records and was produced by Davis as well. Consisting of 11 tracks, the album featured re-recordings of former hits and songs by other artists. It included brass instrumentation by the Nashville Brass session group. It also spawned two singles between 1969 and 1970.

## Background and content

Hank Locklin had major success in the early 1960s with the hits "Geisha Girl," "Please Help Me, I'm Falling" and "Happy Birthday to Me." His popularity on the radio began to wane in the late 1960s. In 1969, he had his final top 40 single, yet continued releasing studio albums on RCA's label.
For Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass, Locklin collaborated with producer and musician Danny Davis. Davis had previously produced albums for Locklin during the late 1960s. It was also his first collaboration with the Nashville Brass, a studio group founded by Davis. The album contained a total of eleven tracks. It featured re-recordings of former hits by Locklin, such as 1960's "Please Help Me, I'm Falling" and "Send Me the Pillow You Dream On." Also included were cover versions of Connie Smith's "Once a Day," Bill Monroe's "Blue Moon of Kentucky" and Leon Ashley's "Laura (What's He Got That I Ain't Got)." The project was recorded at the Nashville Sound Studio and was produced by Davis.

## Release and reception

Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass was released in March 1970 via RCA Victor Records. With its release, it became Locklin's twenty first studio album issued in his career. It was originally distributed as a vinyl LP, containing six songs on "side one" and five songs on "side two." The project spawned two singles between 1969 and 1970. The first was Locklin's re-recording of "Please Help Me, I'm Falling," which was issued on RCA in November 1969. It later peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.It was followed in April 1970 by Locklin's re-recording of "Flying South."
The single spent six weeks on the Billboard country list before peaking at number 56 in July 1970. The album received a mixed review from Thom Owens of Allmusic, who gave it three stars. He found Locklin and Davis' collaboration to be "an awkward fusion." However, he found other tracks to fit the album's concept such as "Once a Day" and "Blue Moon of Kentucky."

## Personnel

All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass.
Musical and technical personnel
* Danny Davis – producer
* Hank Locklin – lead vocals
* Bill McElhiney – arrangement

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Canada | March 1970 | Vinyl | RCA Victor | |
| United States | March 1970 | Vinyl | RCA Victor | |
# Haptoclinus

Haptoclinus is a genus of labrisomid blennies native to the Caribbean Sea.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Haptoclinus apectolophus J. E. Böhlke & C. R. Robins, 1974 (Uncombed blenny)
* Haptoclinus dropi C. C. Baldwin & D. R. Robertson, 2013 (Four-fin blenny)