OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lake Pohjalampi

Lake Pohjalampi is a lake in eastern Finland. The lake has a surface area of 61 hectares, and the mean and maximum depth are 3.2 meters and 5.3 meters, respectively.

## Ecological Experiment

The lake was used to study the effects of biomanipulation on a small, mesotrophic lake. From 1993 to 1997, over 200 kilograms per hectare of fish, mainly roach (Rutilus rutilus) and bream (Abramis brama) were caught and removed. This resulted in a reduction of nearly 80% of fish biomass. The effects on the benthic invertebrates were investigated using biomass and density, during the years of fish removal and for the following three years. The decrease in benthivorous fish stock led to higher biomass and density in all the major benthic invertebrate groups.
Three years after fish removal had been discontinued, the fish biomass had recovered to almost its initial value; the community structure, however, was different because of much greater abundance of perch. The biomasses of the benthic invertebrates in many groups was seen to drop in the years 1999-2000, apparently due to the increased predation. The relationship between the two trophic levels is thought to be as a consequence of the open and sparsely vegetated bottom, which offers minimal shelter to invertebrate prey.
An additional factor in the reduced invertebrate biomasses was a fall in both phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, which led to a drop in primary production. The phosphorus and chlorophyll a decreases occurred after the three years of fishing and have remained low since. This could be related to the loss of waste products and detritus the fish would have produced over the years.
# Holmstrow (hundred)

Holmstrow Hundred was an administrative unit in the Rape of Lewes in the eastern division of the county of Sussex, until the abolition of hundreds in the 19th century. It contained the villages of Meeching (now Newhaven), Piddinghoe, Telscombe, Southease and Rodmell.
# Live in Bologna (Lou Donaldson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Live in Bologna is a live album by jazz saxophonist Lou Donaldson, his second recording for the Timeless label, featuring Donaldson's quartet with Herman Foster, Jeff Fuller, and Victor Jones.

## Reception

The album was awarded 3 stars in an Allmusic review by Steven Loewy who stated "the set as a whole has a joyous and even infectious exuberance that should provide an enjoyable, if light, listening experience".

## Track listing

    All compositions by Lou Donaldson except as indicated
* "Stella by Starlight" (Ned Washington, Victor Young) – 9:26
* "Groovin' High" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 8:30
* "Summertime" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin, DuBose Heyward) – 9:05
* "Lou's Blues" – 9:21
* "St. Thomas" (Sonny Rollins) – 6:11
* "Star Eyes" (Gene DePaul, Don Raye) – 11:45
   * Recorded in Bologna, Italy in January, 1984.

## Personnel

* Lou Donaldson – alto saxophone, vocals
* Herman Foster – piano
* Jeff Fuller – bass
* Victor Jones – drums
# Korçullu, Kızılırmak

Korçullu is a village in the Kızılırmak District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 254 (2021).
# Kreuder

Kreuder is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ernst Kreuder (1903 — 1972), German author
* Peter Kreuder (1905 – 1981), German-Austrian pianist, composer and conductor
# Hu Yicheng

Hu Yicheng (Chinese: 胡译乘; born 13 November 1998) is a Chinese trampoline gymnast. She is a three-time World champion and the 2022 Asian Games individual silver medalist. She will represent China at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Hu began trampoline gymnastics when she was seven years old and joined the Shanxi Provincial team in 2012. She was not added to the Chinese national team until 2021 and is considered a "late bloomer".
Hu competed at the 2021 World Championships and won a gold medal in synchronized trampoline with partner Zhang Xinxin. Then at the 2022 World Championships, she won a gold medal in the individual team event alongside Cao Yunzhu, Zhu Xueying, and Fan Xinyi. She was also the top qualifier for the individual final, but she ultimately won the bronze medal behind Hikaru Mori and Bryony Page. She placed fourth in the synchro event with her partner Zhang Xinxin.
At the 2023 Santarem World Cup, Hu won the bronze medal in the individual event and the gold medal in the synchro event with Zhu Xueying. Then at the Coimbra World Cup, Hu and Zhu finished fourth in the synchro final. She then won the gold medal in the individual event at the Palm Beach World Cup thanks to having the highest execution score of the competition. Additionally, Hu and Zhu placed eighth in the synchro final. She won the silver medal behind Zhu at the Varna World Cup and placed seventh with Zhu in the synchro competition. Hu finished third overall in the 2023 World Cup rankings and third with Zhu in the synchro rankings.
Hu won the silver medal at the 2022 Asian Games, held in 2023 due to COVID-19 concerns, behind her teammate Zhu Xueying. She then competed at the 2023 World Championships and won a gold medal with the same Chinese team that won the title in 2022. She also placed fourth in the individual event, only 0.020 behind the bronze-medalist Jessica Stevens.
Hu finished fourth in the individual event at the 2024 Baku World Cup after qualifying for the final in first place. She also won the gold medal at the Cottbus World Cup and secured a berth for the 2024 Summer Olympics. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, Hu qualified in third place, but fell during the final, placing eighth.
# Château de Chouvigny

Château de Chouvigny is a castle at Chouvigny in the Sioule valley in the Allier département of France.

## Location

The castle dominates the valley of the Sioule, at a spot where the gorges, called the gorges de Chouvigny, enlarge. It is approximately 300 metres south east of the town of Chouvigny. The road which climbs from the Sioule towards the town passes behind the castle and serves as its entrance.

## History

The castle is the cradle of the Chauvigny family which by marriage in the 13th century became Chauvigny de Blot. At the start of the 15th century, the castle passed by marriage to the Montmorin family, then, with the marriage in 1543 of Françoise de Montmorin and Jean Motier de La Fayette, lord of Hautefeuille, to the family of La Fayette. In the 17th century, it belonged to the great-grandson of Jean, François de La Fayette; his wife, Madame de La Fayette, stayed there.
Under the Second Empire, Chouvigny belonged to the duc de Morny.
The castle is privately owned. Unusually, for such a structure, it is not listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary

The Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary found in Cameroon. It was established in 1996. This site is 691.45 km$^2$.

## Fauna

Recent surveys suggest that the 680-km$^2$ Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary provides habitat to possibly the largest population of chimpanzee remaining in this region and the last remaining sizeable population of forest elephants. In fact, it is estimated that 500-1000 Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) live in the sanctuary, and there are only 3500–9000 in the entire world. Due to this great abundance of animals the area has been set aside as a wildlife sanctuary, with a ban on all hunting.

## Conservation

The Mbo and Banyangi people live in and around the Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary. The maintain the right to use the forest and its natural resources, although they must not compromise the conservation goals of the protected area. They hunt for bushmeat, which they sell fresh or smoked, and which is a good deal cheaper than other forms of protein.
Despite the uniqueness of this area, and the fact that all animals are “protected” by law in the park, the sanctuary has been little developed and both conservation and protection efforts have largely failed. In fact, the Banyang-Mbo sanctuary suffers from well organized commercial poaching, where professional hunters come into the area, kill animals and transport the meat to large cities to be sold. This illegal hunting combined with habitat degradation is a major problem in the Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary.
The conservation efforts have failed in the past due to a lack of funding, enforcement of regulations, staffing, interest, long-term commitment etc. However, recently the sanctuary has been highlighted as one of the most important areas for chimpanzee conservation in the area, which could imply that further development of the conservation effort is approaching. However, in the meantime, it is important for the local communities to respect the regulations of the sanctuary in order to preserve it. Without local effort, this sanctuary is sure to become so degraded that it will no longer require protection and will no longer be listed as a protected area.
Gallery
* Narrow pathway in the wildlife sanctuary
* View of a river in the wildlife sanctuary
* A steep footpath in the wildlife sanctuary
* Drinking water point in the wildlife sanctuary
* A man at a drinking water site in the wildlife sanctuary
* Extended view of the wildlife sanctuary from Lebe Village
* People at the core of the Sanctuary
* Camping House at the Sanctuary
# 2007 Islands District Council election

The 2007 Islands District Council election was held on 18 November 2007 to elect all 10 elected members to the 22-member District Council.

## Overall election results

Before election:
| 1 | 7 |
| PD | Pro-Beijing |
Change in composition:
| 2 | 8 |
| Pro-dem | Pro-Beijing |
Islands District Council election result 2007 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Independent | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 38.9 | 8,827 | |
| DAB | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40.0 | 29.1 | 6,595 | −0.2 |
| FTU | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.0 | 16.8 | 3,821 | |
| Civic | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 20.0 | 12.3 | 3,069 | −4.5 |
| FTU | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 1,510 | |
| Democratic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.8 | 1,317 | |
| LSD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 183 | |
# Lamina lucida

The lamina lucida is a component of the basement membrane which is found between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue (e.g., epidermis and dermis of the skin). It is a roughly 40 nanometre wide electron-lucent zone between the plasma membrane of the basal cells and the (electron-dense) lamina densa of the basement membrane.
Similarly, electron-lucent and electron-dense zones can be seen between enamel of teeth and the junctional epithelium. The electron-lucent zone is adjacent to the cells of the junctional epithelium and might be considered a continuation of the lamina lucida as both are seen to harbour hemidesmosomes. However, unlike the lamina densa, the electron-dense zone adjacent to enamel show no signs of hemidesmosomes.
Some theorize that the lamina lucida is an artifact created when preparing the tissue, and that the lamina lucida is therefore equal to the lamina densa in vivo.
# Holmstrup, Denmark

Holmstrup is a village, with a population of 219 (1 January 2024), to the southwest of Odense, in Funen, Denmark.
# Komorovice

Komorovice is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Komorovice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of Pelhřimov, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 93 km (58 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Kristina Perica

Kristina Perica (born 5 November 1979) is a Croatian sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Hrdlív

Hrdlív (pronounced) is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Hrdlej or Hrlej.

## Geography

Hrdlív is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Kladno and 23 km (14 mi) northwest of Prague. It lies in the Prague Plateau. The highest point is at 338 m (1,109 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Hrdlív is from 1316. From the 15th century, Hrdlív was part of the Smečno estate, which belonged to the Martinic family (since 1792 Clam-Martinic). After the abolition of feudalism in 1848, Hrdlív became part of the Třebichovice municipality. In 1906, it became a separate municipality.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 94 | — |
| 1880 | 126 | +34.0% |
| 1890 | 168 | +33.3% |
| 1900 | 301 | +79.2% |
| 1910 | 342 | +13.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 337 | −1.5% |
| 1930 | 383 | +13.6% |
| 1950 | 385 | +0.5% |
| 1961 | 356 | −7.5% |
| 1970 | 354 | −0.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 398 | +12.4% |
| 1991 | 387 | −2.8% |
| 2001 | 392 | +1.3% |
| 2011 | 477 | +21.7% |
| 2021 | 516 | +8.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

Hrdlív is poor in monuments. The only protected cultural monument is a small Baroque chapel dating from 1745.
# List of Military Cross recipients from the Royal Nepal Army

This page lists the members of the Royal Nepal Army who were awarded the Military Cross, the third highest British gallantry award, while they served in Allied Forces in the Second World War.

## Background

The Royal Nepal Army fought on the side of the Allied Forces during the First and the Second World Wars. Many Nepalese who fought in the regiments of the British Indian Army won the Victoria Cross. However, the Nepalese who served in the Royal Nepal Army in the Allied Forces could be awarded, at the most, only the Military Cross, the third highest gallantry award of the British and erstwhile Commonwealth forces. According to historian Prem Singh Basnyat, the Rana rulers of Nepal unofficially convinced British authorities not to award the Victoria Cross to personnel from the Royal Nepal Army. This was because such personnel would then have to be shown appropriate respect by the Rana Prime Minister and other senior members of the ruling classes, which was unacceptable to them. This page lists the recipients of the Military Cross who fought in World War II on the side of the Allied Forces while serving in the Nepal Army.

## Verifiable recipients

The following are the verifiable recipients of the Military Cross from the Royal Nepal Army.
* Chutra Bahadur Thapa, Burma Campaign.
* Gupta Bahadur Gurung, Burma Campaign.
* Hom Bahadur Gurung, Burma Campaign, 1944.
* Shailendra Bahadur Mahat, Burma Campaign, 1944.
* Jagat Bahadur Khatri, Burma Campaign, 1945.
# Frank J.D. Barnjum

Frank John Dixie Barnjum (April 26, 1858 – February 18, 1933) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Queens County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1925 to 1926 as a Conservative member.

## Biography

Barnjum was born in Montreal, Canada East, the son of Francis Barnum and Leonora Pryor. Barnjum married Bertha L. Clement. He was extensively involved in lumbering in Nova Scotia and became a millionaire. Barnjum, a proponent of forest conservation and reforestation known as the "Canadian Forestry Crusader", opposed the export of pulpwood to the United States. However, an embargo on exports of pulpwood would also benefit Barnjum's business interests. He helped have Otto Schierbeck named as Nova Scotia's first Chief Forester in 1926; in 1923, Barnjum had hired Schierbeck as forester for his own timber holdings in Nova Scotia. Barnjum resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1926 because he had made a campaign promise to have a paper mill built on the Mersey River; however, it was built by others first. In 1932, he purchased one of the last remaining large stands of virgin timber on Vancouver Island to preserve it for future generations. Barnjum died in Paris at the age of 74 during a visit to Europe to study forest conservation; he was buried in Lynnfield, Massachusetts.
# Laktionov Island

Laktionov Island is an island 4 km (2 nmi) long, lying 7 km (4 nmi) northeast of Jurva Point, Renaud Island, in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica. It was first accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. The island was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Aleksandr F. Laktionov (died 1965), a Soviet sea ice specialist in the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Leningrad, 1927–65, who became head of the Department of Oceanography, Ice Forecasting and River Mouths.
# Holmström

Holmström is a Swedish-language surname.

## Geographical distribution

As of 2014, 71.5% of all known bearers of the surname Holmström were residents of Sweden (frequency 1:1,444) and 26.7% of Finland (1:2,162).
In Sweden, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:1,444) in the following counties:
* 1. Västerbotten County (1:321)
* 2. Norrbotten County (1:534)
* 3. Västmanland County (1:1,179)
* 4. Blekinge County (1:1,184)
* 5. Gävleborg County (1:1,327)
* 6. Dalarna County (1:1,333)
* 7. Västernorrland County (1:1,333)
* 8. Stockholm County (1:1,402)
In Finland, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:2,162) in the following regions:
* 1. Åland (1:139)
* 2. Ostrobothnia (1:960)
* 3. Uusimaa (1:1,110)
* 4. Southwest Finland (1:1,643)

## People

* Agne Holmström (1893–1949), Swedish athlete who mainly competed in the 100 metres
* August Wilhelm Holmström, Finnish and Russian silversmith and goldsmith
* Axel Holmström (anarchist) (1881–1947), Swedish anarchist
* Axel Holmström (ice hockey) (born 1996), Swedish professional ice hockey player
* Ben Holmstrom (born 1987), American professional ice hockey center
* Bengt R. Holmström (born 1949), the Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at M.I.T. and Nobel Prize winner
* Bodil Holmström, Finnish orienteering competitor
* Britta Holmström, Swedish philanthropist and aid worker
* Buzz Holmstrom (1909–1946), pioneer of running the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon
* Carita Holmström (born 1954), Finnish pianist, singer and songwriter
* John Holmstrom, American underground cartoonist and writer
* Karl Holmström (1925–1974), Swedish ski jumper who competed in the 1950s
* Kjell Holmström (1916–1999), Swedish bobsledder who competed in the 1950s and in the 1960s
* Lakshmi Holmström, writer, literary critic and translator of Tamil fiction into English
* Peter Holmström, American rock musician
* Rick Holmstrom (born 1965), American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter
* Simon Holmström (born 2001), Swedish ice hockey player
* Susanne Holmström (born 1947), Danish sociologist, best known for her writings on organizational legitimacy
* Tomas Holmström (born 1973), Swedish professional ice hockey left winger
* Tora Vega Holmström (1880–1967), Swedish painter
# Kongeegen

Kongeegen (the King Oak) is a renowned oak tree in Denmark. It grows in Jægerspris Nordskov (Jægerspris North Forest) near Jægerspris, on the island of Sjælland. A scientific investigation in 1965 of the tree's rings indicated that the tree has an estimated age of 1500–2000 years, and may well be the oldest living oak in northern Europe. It probably originally grew in an open meadow, to account for its short trunk and low branching, with other taller forest trees growing up around it subsequently. Kongeegen is located in the same forest as Snoegen and Storkeegen.
# 1986 Sierra Leonean parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Sierra Leone on 29 and 30 May 1986. As the country was a one-party state at the time, the All People's Congress was the only party allowed to run. They were the last elections held under the 1978 constitution, as a 1991 referendum returned the country to multi-party politics.

## Background

The elections were held ahead of schedule following the early dissolution of parliament. This was reportedly done in order to "choose a Parliament that would reinforce the "new order" of economic reform and public probity advocated by the new President", Joseph Saidu Momoh.
Since the 1982 elections the parliament had been enlarged from 104 to 127 members, with an additional 20 elected MPs and a further three presidential appointees. The APC nominated 335 candidates to contest the elections, which had been due to be held on 15 and 16 May. There were around 2 million registered voters.

## Results

| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| | All People's Congress | 105 | +20 |
| Paramount chiefs | Paramount chiefs | 12 | 0 |
| Presidential appointees | Presidential appointees | 10 | +3 |
| Total | Total | 127 | +23 |
| Source: IPU ||||
# Hrdlořezy (Mladá Boleslav District)

Hrdlořezy is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name consists of the Czech words hrdlo ('throat') and řezat ('cut'), and hrdlořez means 'cut-throat'. Hrdlořezy was a derisive name for a village of brawlers.

## Geography

Hrdlořezy is located about 3 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Mladá Boleslav and 46 km (29 mi) northeast of Prague. It lies in the Jizera Table. The municipality is situated on the right bank of the Jizera River.

## History

The first written mention of Hrdlořezy is from 1406. It was a typical agricultural village.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 529 | — |
| 1880 | 601 | +13.6% |
| 1890 | 741 | +23.3% |
| 1900 | 749 | +1.1% |
| 1910 | 938 | +25.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 878 | −6.4% |
| 1930 | 947 | +7.9% |
| 1950 | 644 | −32.0% |
| 1961 | 659 | +2.3% |
| 1970 | 641 | −2.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 557 | −13.1% |
| 1991 | 490 | −12.0% |
| 2001 | 517 | +5.5% |
| 2011 | 735 | +42.2% |
| 2021 | 753 | +2.4% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/38 road (the section from Mladá Boleslav to Česká Lípa) passes through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Hrdlořezy is the Chapel of Saint John of Nepomuk in the centre of the village.
# Another Bullshit Night in Suck City

Another Bullshit Night in Suck City is a memoir by playwright and poet Nick Flynn, describing Flynn's reunion with his estranged father, Jonathan, an alcoholic resident of the homeless shelter where Nick was a social worker in the late 1980s. The title refers to Jonathan's description of homeless life in Boston. It was published by W. W. Norton in September 2004.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly described it as "biting", and noted that "(a)lthough (the book is) depressing", it is not "hopeless", because Flynn — unlike his father — was able to "write well". At the Guardian, Christopher Priest commended Flynn for the book's "impressionistic, fragmentary" style that "actually seems to capture the banal, confusing mind of a homeless drunkard", but said that despite Flynn's skill, its subject "remains banal, depressing and sordid".
The memoir earned Flynn a 2004 award from PEN International, was shortlisted for the Prix Femina, and has been translated into fifteen languages.

## Film adaptation

In 2007, Twentieth Century Fox acquired the rights to produce a movie adaptation of the memoir, Filming began in the summer of 2010 with Paul Weitz as director, and starring Robert De Niro as Jonathan and Paul Dano as Nick. The film, titled Being Flynn, was released on March 2, 2012.
In 2013, W.W. Norton published "The Reenactments", Flynn's memoir about his experiences during the making of the film adaptation.
# Lake Britton

Lake Britton is a reservoir located in Shasta County, California. It is known for its wide variety of bass and trout. Its main body is situated to the west of State Route 89, and is mostly surrounded by PG&E Land, Forest Service Land, and McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park. Along the north shore lies North Shore and Dusty Campgrounds. It is fed by the Pit River and has tributaries of Clark Creek, Burney Creek, and Hat Creek and is impounded by the Pit #3 Dam.
A bridge, owned by the Great Shasta Rail Trail, which spans Lake Britton (just east of Hwy 89) was used for the railroad bridge scene in the 1986 film Stand By Me.
# Little Swan Lake

Little Swan Lake is an artificial lake in southeastern Warren County in the U.S. state of Illinois, due west of the village of Avon. The lake is impounded by Little Swan Lake Dam, completed in 1967.