OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederic Hudson

Frederic Hudson (April 25, 1819 – October 21, 1875) was a leading 19th century American newspaper editor, working from 1838 to 1866 for New York Herald, where he served as managing editor, and was influential in the development of American journalism.

## Biography

Hudson was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1819, and attended the town school in Concord, Massachusetts. When he was 17, he moved to New York City, where his brothers had opened "Hudson's News Room". In 1836, he there met James Gordon Bennett Sr., who had founded the Herald in 1835, and soon went to work for him, becoming the third full-time employee of the paper.
Hudson was known for his diligent pursuit of news and attention to detail, and was eventually named as managing editor by Bennett. For example, instead of waiting for ships to arrive at the dock to pick up their news, he sent out boats he meet ships to get the news faster. He pursued detailed coverage of the Civil War, hiring over sixty-three correspondents. During Hudson's tenure, the paper developed from a local institution to a complex and far-ranging national organization.
Hudson was also left solely in charge of the paper when Bennett would travel for extended periods, and the paper's circulation grew to become largest read daily paper in the United States by the time of the Civil War.
In 1866, Hudson retired, and moved with his wife, who was in ill-health (along with their son Woodward) to Concord, Massachusetts. (Bennett's son, James Gordon Bennett Jr., took over the running of the paper.)
In 1873, Hudson published a history of American newspapers, Journalism in the United States, from 1690 to 1872, which became the authoritative text on the development of American journalism.
Hudson died on October 21, 1875, from injuries suffered when he fell from a horse carriage that was struck by railroad cars at a crossing in Concord.
His New York Herald obituary described him as "the father of American journalism, so far as enterprise, sagacity and boldness in gathering news are concerned."
# Frederick Van Cortlandt White

General Frederick Van Cortlandt White (1767–1859) was a British officer of the British Army in the Grenadier Guards.

## Early life

White was born in New York City in 1767. He was one of thirteen children (of whom seven reached adulthood) born to Eva (Van Cortlandt) White (1737–1836) and wealthy New York City merchant Henry White (1732–1786). Among his siblings were Vice-Admiral Sir John Chambers White, Henry White Jr. (wife of their cousin, Anna Van Cortlandt), Anne White (wife of Sir John Hayes, 1st Baronet), Frances White (wife of Dr. Archibald Bruce), and Margaret White (wife of Peter Jay Munro). His father was a member of the New York City Council and president of the New York Chamber of Commerce from 1772 to 1773. The Whites were ardent Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War, and in 1783 the family abandoned their home in New York and moved to London.
His maternal grandparents were Frederick Van Cortlandt and Frances (née Jay) Van Cortlandt. Among his extended family was uncle Augustus Van Cortlandt.

## Career

He entered the British Army in 1781 as an ensign. He was later promoted to Major-General of the Grenadier Guards, before becoming General.

## Personal life

White was twice married, first to Sophia Heaton Coore of Hendon, Middlesex in 1802. Together, they were the parents of: John Coore White, Margaret Lechmere White, and Eve White.
After her death, he married Miss Davidson. General White died in 1859.
# Freestyle skiing at the 2011 Winter Universiade

Freestyle skiing at the 2011 Winter Universiade will be held at the Palandöken Mountain in Erzurum, Turkey. The four events are scheduled for January 28 - February 5, 2011.

## Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Moguls details | Aleksandr Kerner Russia | 23.05 | Evgeny Mikhailov Russia | 22.15 | Denis Moisseyev Kazakhstan | 21.57 |
| Ski cross details | Manuel Eicher Switzerland | Manuel Eicher Switzerland | Georgii Kornilov Russia | Georgii Kornilov Russia | Olivier Fabre France | Olivier Fabre France |

## Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Moguls details | Darya Rybalova Kazakhstan | 21.48 | Irina Pisarevskaya Russia | 20.62 | Alena Zueva Russia | 19.47 |
| Ski cross details | Christina Manhard Germany | Christina Manhard Germany | Julia Manhard Germany | Julia Manhard Germany | Darya Vasilyeva Russia | Darya Vasilyeva Russia |

## Medals table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Russia | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | France | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
# Frederik Hoppe (landowner)

Frederik Hoppe (18 September 1770 – 22 February 1837) was a Danish landowner, chamberlain and Member of the Royal Hunt (hofjægermester). He owned the Bernstorff Mansion in Copenhagen as well as the estates Løvegård and Søbygård at Kalundborg.

## Early life and education

Hoppe was born on 18 September 1770 in Copenhagen, the third of four children of Supreme Court justice Peder Hoppe (1727–1778) and Elisabeth Hoppe née Holst (1740–1773). An elder brother by the same name had died before he was born. His mother died when he was just three years old. His father was ennobled in 1777. After his death the following year, Hoppe was brought up in the house of professor Børge Riisbrigh. He enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in 1787.
On reaching the age of majority, he received an inheritance of 20,000 species daler from his father and 80,000 species daler from his uncle Abraham Pelt. On 31 July 1790, he was appointed as kammerjunker. On 5 February 1791, he graduated with a degree in law from the university. In 1792, he travelled to Göttingen with the mineralogist G. Wad to continue his studies. On 11 February 1795, he was engaged as a student teacher. His younger brother, Johan Christopher Hoppe, a naval officer, reached the rank of counter admiral.

## Property

In 1800, Hoppe purchased Bernstorff Mansion on Bredgade. In 1803, Hoppe purchased Rosenfeldt and Avnøgård (with Nygaards Mølle and Vordingborg Færgegård as well as Kastrup and Sværdborg kirketiende and kongetiende from Jens Lund for 200,000 rigsdaler but sold them again in 1804–1805. In 1806, he then purchased the estates Frihedslund, Søbygaard and Løvegaard at Kalundborg. In 1809, he sold Frihedslund. In 1810, he also parted with Løvegaard. Søbygaard remained in his ownership until 1829.
On 28 January 1811, he was appointed chamberlain (kammerherre). On 30 January 1817, he became a member of the Royal Hunt (Hofjægermester).

## Personal life

On 14 December 1800 in Davinde Church, Hoppe was married to Josephine Marie Skeel (1780–1821), daughter of Jørgen Erik Skeel [da] and Anne Dorothea von Ahlefeldt. They had six children, of which the four sons died without leaving offspring. The eldest of their two daughters, Anna Sophie Elisabeth Hoppe (1803–1881), was married to Christian Andreas Vind, owner of Sanderumgård and Bækkeskov. The younger daughter, Eleonora Sophie Frederikke Hoppe (1807–1866 in Vedbæk), was married to Georg Bernadotte Sehested (1808–1873), a forester.
Hoppe died on 22 February 1837 in Copenhagen. He is buried in Holmen Cemetery.
# French Island Generating Plant

French Island Generating Plant is a waste fired electrical power station located on French Island in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Unit 1 and 2 are boiler / steam turbine units originally constructed in the 1940s operating on coal. They were converted to burn oil in the early 1970s. When oil became too costly, alternative fuels were used. Unit 2 was converted to burn waste wood in an Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler in the early 1980s with unit 1 following in 1987.

## RDF

The two boiler units also burn Refuse derived fuel (RDF) diverting solid waste from the municipal landfill. The facility normally burns 50/50 mix of RDF and wood waste. The result of burning RDF is the release of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds into the air. Excessive dioxin releases have forced the shutdown of the boilers as recently as October 2007.

## Units

| Unit | Capacity | Commissioning | Notes |
| 1 | 14.3 MW | 1940 | Built for coal, converted to oil then to an Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler in 1987 |
| 2 | 14 MW | 1948 | Built for coal, converted to oil then to an Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler in 1981 |
| 3 | 100 MW (#2 fuel oil) | 1974 | Westinghouse Model 501B2 Simple Cycle Combustion Turbine |
| 4 | 100 MW (#2 fuel oil) | 1974 | Westinghouse Model 501B2 Simple Cycle Combustion Turbine |
# Freedom Statue

The Freedom Statue is located in Lusaka, capital of Zambia. It represents the independence of Zambia and memorializes those who lost their lives in the movement to secure independence. The 12-foot statue was erected on the orders of Kenneth Kaunda in 1974 for the 10th anniversary of independence. It was made by British sculptor James Butler. The statue is depicted on the Zambian kwacha, and the center for celebration on Africa Day.
The statue is said to represent a scene in which freedom fighter Zanco Mpundu Mutembo broke the chains he was imprisoned in in front of 18 soldiers, after being told to do so or be shot.
# French submarine Junon (1935)

Junon (Q186) was a Minerve-class submarine of the French Navy. During World War II she served in the Free French Naval Forces.

## Ship history

The submarine was laid down at the Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand yard at Le Havre on 9 June 1932. She was launched on 15 September 1935, and commissioned on 20 September 1937.
Under the command of Lieutenant de vaisseau Jaume from August 1939, Junon operated from Oran and Casablanca early in the war, finally sailing to France in March 1940 for refitting.
Following the German invasion of France, Junon left Brest on 18 June 1940, towed by the tugboat Nessus, and accompanied by her sister ship Minerve towed by Zeelew, under escort from the patrol vessels Pessac and Sauternes. Off Ushant, they were joined by the destroyer HMS Broke, and arrived at Plymouth on the 20th.
On 3 July 1940 Junon (along with all other French naval vessels in British ports) was boarded by Royal Navy troops as part of Operation Catapult. She was transferred to the Free French Naval Forces on 27 July, but not recommissioned until February 1941, under the command of Capitaine de corvette Jean-Marie Querville.
Querville was promoted to Capitaine de frégate in July 1941, and in August Junon became the flagship of the 1ère Division de sous-marins des FNFL (1st Free French Submarine Division), along with Minerve and Rubis.
In December 1941 Junon patrolled the Bay of Biscay, observing German ships based in Brest. She spent much of 1942 operating off the Norwegian coast. On 13 March 1942 she was depth-charged and damaged during a patrol, and in August patrolled in the vicinity of Sognefjord. On 15 September she landed a group of British and Norwegian commandos near Glomfjord for "Operation Musketoon". In October she made three attacks on enemy ships in the Vestfjorden, at least one of which (the Nordland) was successful, and on 13 November picked up several agents and their radio equipment in the Melfjorden.
On 1 March 1943 command of Junon was assumed by Lieutenant de vaisseau Étienne Schlumberger, and in February 1944, after a long refit, she sailed for Algiers. After operations in the Mediterranean, on 11 August 1944 she was placed in reserve at Oran, and her crew transferred to the submarine Morse.
After the war Junon was finally refitted at Brest from August 1945, and was recommissioned on 20 October 1945 under the command of Jean Dischamps to serve at the sonar training school at Brest, and in ASW exercises from Toulon. Junon was eventually decommissioned on 6 December 1954, and scrapped in 1960.
# Fresh FM (Netherlands)

Fresh FM is a Dutch regional, commercial radio station transmitted through air in the regions of Greater Amsterdam, Utrecht, Haaglanden and Rhine/Haarlemmermeer. It broadcasts for free via the Internet. Fresh FM's programming is primarily dance music and is very diverse within that genre. The station's target audience is 17- to 49-year-olds and it is one of the most listened to regional radio stations. It is based in The Hague. Fresh FM has existed for several years and got a lot during the Zerobase in 2003 with the broadcasting territories of North Holland (Amsterdam, Haarlem and Haarlemmermeer), South Holland (The Hague, Leiden and Alphen) and the city Utrecht. Fresh FM's slogans are "Feel good!" and "It's all about the music".

## DJs

* Erwin van der Bliek
* Michel de Hey
* Mark van Dale
* Peter van Leeuwen
* Gijs Alkemade
* Marcello & Paolo Jay
* Peter Teunisse
* Frank Schildkamp
* Dominic Schep
* Frank van Huussen
* Norman
* Cor de Splinter - *Gizmo - *Darkraver
* Jurgen Rijkers - DJ Jurgen
* Wytske Kenemans
* John Digweed
* Ferry Corsten
* Chard
* Frank Schildkamp
* Norman
* Adam Beyer
* Paul van Dyk
* Carl Cox
* Above & Beyond
* Artento Divini
* DJ Jean

## Programs

* Turbulentie 2.0
* mix at 6
* DJ Jean @ Work
* Dance Files
* Group Therapy
* Club Fresh
* Hardhouse Generation
* ID
* Corsten's Countdown
* Fresh Feel Good 40 - hitlist with the 40 most played hits of last week.
* Weekend Afterparty
The other DJs have a program with the same name.
# Fresh Fest Beer Fest

Fresh Fest Beer Fest is a beer festival held annually in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, since 2018. Geared towards increasing diversity in the craft beer industry, Fresh Fest is the nation's first festival for Black-owned breweries.

## Origins

Fresh Fest was conceived by podcast hosts Day Bracey and Ed Bailey of the Drinking Partners Podcast, and entrepreneur Mike Potter of Black Brew Culture. Citing a lack of diversity in craft beer brewers and consumers, the creators sought both to bring together Black-owned breweries and provide and inclusive space to connect beer drinkers. In addition to Black-owned breweries nationwide, Fresh Fest also showcases Pittsburgh-area breweries through partnerships with local Black businesses, entrepreneurs, politicians, and other personalities.

## Location

The 2018 and 2019 Fresh Fests were held at Nova Place on Pittsburgh's North Shore. Since 2021, Fresh Fest's a block party in Pittsburgh's Allentown neighbourhood. The COVID-19 pandemic caused 2020's cancellation of most events, and some had gone virtual.
# Fresnes-sous-Coucy

Fresnes-sous-Coucy (French pronunciation:), formerly called Fresnes until 22 December 2017, is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Friendly Fa$cism

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | B− |
Friendly Fa$cism is a full-length album by industrial/hip hop artists Consolidated, released in 1991.
"Brutal Equation" and "Unity of Oppression" were alternative rock hits on MTV. The album peaked at #6 on the CMJ Radio Top 150.
The name comes from Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America, the title of a 1980 book by political scientist Bertram Gross which lays out the form of "creeping fascism" that Gross feared might come to pass in the United States.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press wrote that "the insufferably self-righteous tone makes the disc hard to endure." Alternative Rock called the album "a hard-hitting soundtrack of hip-hop, funk, soul, and hard rock.

## Track listing (CD)

* "Zero" – 0:21
* "Brutal Equation" – 4:13
* "Our Leader" – 1:01
* "Unity of Oppression" – 4:01
* "The Sexual Politics of Meat" – 3:43
* "Typical Male" – 5:18
* "Entertainment Tonight" – 0:40
* "Dominion" – 4:04
* "Friendly Fascism" – 5:01
* "College Radio" – 1:27
* "We Gotta Have Peace" – 3:30
* "Meat Kills" – 3:34
* "Stoned" – 6:54
* "Your Body Belongs to the State" – 1:49
* "Crusading Rap Guys" – 5:29
* "Murder One" – 2:52
* "White American Male '91 (The Truth Hurts) Part 2" – 5:12
* "Music Has No Meaning" – 5:17

## Track listing (Vinyl)

Side One
* "Zero" – 0:21
* "Brutal Equation" – 4:13
* "Our Leader" – 1:01
* "Unity Of Oppression" – 4:01
* "The Sexual Politics Of Meat" – 3:43
* "Typical Male" – 5:18
* "Entertainment Tonight" – 0:40
* "Friendly Fascism" – 5:01
Side Two
* "We Gotta Have Peace" – 3:30
* "Meat Kills" – 3:34
* "Stoned" – 6:54
* "White American Male '91 (The Truth Hurts) Part 2" – 5:12
* "Music Has No Meaning" – 5:17
# French ship Infatigable (1798)

The French ship Infatigable was launched in 1798 at Nantes. She became a privateer that the British Royal Navy captured in 1799 and named HMS Dispatch. The Navy never commissioned Dispatch and sold her in 1801.
Infatigable was commissioned in December 1798 with 120 men and 18 guns.
On 6 March 1799 HMS Ethalion captured the 18-gun privateer Infatigable in the Channel after a 10-hour chase. Infatigable was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 120 men. She was only one day out of Nantes, provisioned for a four-month cruise. "Indefatigable" arrived at Portsmouth on 25 March and was laid up.
The "Principal officers and commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered Dispatch for sale on 24 August 1801. She sold on 7 September for £765.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Winfield (2008), p. 267.
* 1 2 Demerliac (1999), p. 262, n°2284.
* 1 2 "No. 15396". The London Gazette. 11 August 1801. p. 991.
* ↑ "No. 15119". The London Gazette. 26 March 1799. pp. 286–287.
# Evgeniy Erofaylov

Evgeniy Erofaylov (born 29 August 1975) is an Uzbekistani wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 76 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# G Ring

G Ring may refer to:
* Rings of Saturn § G Ring, a planetary ring system around Saturn.
* G-ring or Grothendieck ring, a type of commutative ring in algebra
# Cibi (disambiguation)

The Cibi is a Fijian war dance, now performed at rugby matches.
Cibi or CIBI may also refer to:
* CIBI Information, Inc., a credit rating company in the Philippines
* Cibi Lake, Yunnan province, China, a lake
# Cyperus subcastaneus

Cyperus subcastaneus is a species of sedge that occurs in Brazil, where is found from Bahia to Minas Gerais.
The species was first formally described by the botanist David Alan Simpson in 1987.
# Hamdibey

Hamdibey is a village in Yenice District of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Its population is 460 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

## Geography

Hamdibey is situated to the south of Sakar Mountains and to the south west of Hamdibey artificial pond. Agonya (Gönen) creek is to the south of Hamdibey. The distance to Yenice is 31 kilometres (19 mi) and to Çanakkale is 114 kilometres (71 mi).

## History

The settlement was founded in the early 18th century by a Turkmen tribe under the leadership of a certain Karaahmet. The earlier name of the settlement was Koyuneli ("sheep country"). Koyuneli actively participated in the Turkish War of Independence between 1919 and 1922 . One of the local leaders of Kuvai Milliye (Turkish National Movement) was Hamdi Bey, a governor who was arrested and killed by Ahmet Anzavur a gendarme officier loyal to sultan. During the republican years, the settlement was named after him.

## Economy

Most important agricultural products of the town are paprika and tobacco. Dairying is another important economic sector.
# La Chapelle-Gauthier, Eure

La Chapelle-Gauthier (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.
# Jinks Island

Jinks Island (65°22′S 65°38′W﻿ / ﻿65.367°S 65.633°W﻿ / -65.367; -65.633) is an island lying 5 nautical miles (9 km) north of Pickwick Island, in the Pitt Islands of the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Mr. Jinks, a character in Charles Dickens' The Pickwick Papers.
# Alex Torres

Alex Torres may refer to:
* Alex Torres (baseball), Venezuelan baseball player
* Alex Torres (musician), American metal/rock musician
# Külaaseme

Külaaseme is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia.
# Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine)

The Lake Frontier is a lake located entirely in the municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec in regional county municipality (RCM) Montmagny in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.
From 1915, the small town South of the lake, called "Lac-Frontière" (English: Lake-Frontier), has had some development through the terminus of the Central Quebec railway.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the forest industry was the main economic activity of the region. Upon arrival of the railroad, the recreational and tourist vocation of the region has significantly developed.

## Geography

Frontier lake supplies water by its tributary the Northwest Black River (from the North) and the Creek Reservoir (from the West). The village in the municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec is located at South of the lake.
The mouth of Frontier Lake is located on Southeast bank of the lake at:
* 0.9 kilometres (0.56 mi) West of the Canada-US border;
* 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) North of the village center of Lac-Frontière, Quebec;
* 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) East of the summit of the "Montagne du Lac" (Mountain of the Lake) (elevation: 510 metres (1,670 ft));
* 4.4 kilometres (2.7 mi) Southeast from the village of Sainte-Lucie-de-Beauregard, Quebec.

## Toponymy

The choice of this place name is explained by its proximity to the US border. Established in 1842, this border in the Treaty of Webster-Ashburton, after lengthy negotiations between the British and the Americans.
Subsequently, the British set up camp on the banks of the lake, to accommodate their surveyors who went to topographic surveys in order to determine more precisely the border. At the same time, the inhabitants of the region of Montmagny had designated this expanse of water "English Lake", by associating it with the language of people who were there, both British Americans. Cartographic documents of the time translated this term as "English Lake"
The place name "Lake Frontier" was formalized as of December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Quebec Names Board).
# 1986 1. deild karla

The 1986 season of 1. deild karla was the 32nd season of second-tier football in Iceland.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Völsungur (C, P) | 18 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 | 15 | +23 | 38 | Promoted to 1987 Úrvalsdeild |
| 2 | KA (P) | 18 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 54 | 15 | +39 | 37 | Promoted to 1987 Úrvalsdeild |
| 3 | Víkingur R. | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 47 | 20 | +27 | 34 | |
| 4 | Selfoss | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 33 | 16 | +17 | 31 | |
| 5 | Einherji | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 28 | 24 | +4 | 29 | |
| 6 | KS | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 32 | 23 | +9 | 28 | |
| 7 | Þróttur R. | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 43 | 29 | +14 | 26 | |
| 8 | ÍBÍ | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 27 | 35 | −8 | 18 | |
| 9 | Njarðvík (R) | 18 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 27 | 57 | −30 | 14 | Relegated to 1987 2. deild |
| 10 | Skallagrímur (R) | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 | 99 | −95 | 0 | Relegated to 1987 2. deild |

## Top scorers

| Scorer | Goals | Team |
| Tryggvi Gunnarsson | 28 | KA |
| Andri Marteinsson | 17 | Víkingur R. |
| Sigurður Hallvarðsson | 13 | Þróttur R. |
| Jón Gunnar Bergs | 12 | Selfoss |
| Sigfús Kárason | 12 | Þróttur R. |
# Gabriel II

Gabriel II may refer to:
* Pope Gabriel II of Alexandria, ruled in 1131–1145
* Gabriel II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1657
* Gabriel II Barbosa, Brazilian footballer