# Free trade agreements of Canada

The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP (the second highest level in the G7, after Germany). Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canada's bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time. Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 countries.

## Overview

Canada is a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1 January 1995, having been an original GATT member since 1 January 1948.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is held with Canada by the United States and Mexico, came into force on 1 January 1994, creating the largest free trade region in the world by GDP. By 2014, the combined GDP for the NAFTA area was estimated to be over Can$20 trillion with a market encompassing 474 million people.
Building on that success, Canada continues to negotiate and has concluded free trade agreements with 51 countries, most recently with South Korea, which represents Canada's first FTA with a partner in the Asia-Pacific region. As of 2018, Canada has also concluded two other significant multilateral trade agreements: the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union and the 11-nation Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) with 10 other Pacific-Rim countries. On 21 September 2017, CETA was provisionally applied, immediately eliminating 98% of EU's tariff lines on Canadian goods. Canada is currently the only G7 country to have free trade agreements in force with all other G7 countries. Free trade with the final G7 country, Japan, commenced when the CPTPP entered into force on 30 December 2018.

## Free trade agreements
### In force or provisionally in force

Current FTAs between Canada and other countries/trading blocs :
| Agreement name | Abbreviation | Countries/blocs involved | Signed | Entered into force |
| Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement | CUSFTA | United States | 12 October 1987 | 1 January 1989 |
| North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA | Mexico United States | 17 December 1992 | 1 January 1994 |
| Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement | CIFTA | Israel | 31 July 1996 | 1 July 1997 |
| Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement | CCFTA | Chile | 5 December 1996 | 5 July 1997 |
| Canada–Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement | CCRFTA | Costa Rica | 23 April 2001 | 1 November 2002 |
| Canada–European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement | CEFTA | European Free Trade Association | 26 January 2008 | 1 July 2009 |
| Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement | CPFTA | Peru | 29 May 2008 | 1 August 2009 |
| Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement | CCoFTA | Colombia | 21 November 2008 | 15 August 2011 |
| Canada–Jordan Free Trade Agreement | CJFTA | Jordan | 28 June 2009 | 1 October 2012 |
| Canada–Panama Free Trade Agreement | CPAFTA | Panama | 14 May 2010 | 1 April 2013 |
| Canada–Honduras Free Trade Agreement | CHFTA | Honduras | 5 November 2013 | 1 October 2014 |
| Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement | CKFTA | South Korea | 11 March 2014 | 1 January 2015 |
| Canada–Ukraine Free Trade Agreement | CUFTA | Ukraine | 11 July 2016 | 1 August 2017 |
| Canadian Free Trade Agreement (interprovincial trade agreement) | CFTA | Canada | July 1 2017 | July 1 2017 |
| Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement | CETA | European Union | 30 October 2016 | 21 September 2017 |
| Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership | CPTPP, TPP-11 | Australia  Brunei  Chile  Japan  Malaysia  Mexico  New Zealand  Peru  Singapore  United Kingdom  Vietnam | 8 March 2018 | 30 December 2018 |
| Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement | CUSMA | Mexico United States | 30 November 2018 | 1 July 2020 |
| Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement | Canada–UK TCA | United Kingdom | 9 December 2020 | 1 April 2021 |

### Under Active Negotiation

Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs:
* Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
* Mercosur
* Pacific Alliance
* Indonesia
* Ecuador

### Negotiations ended with no plan to restart

* United Kingdom (Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement) Negotiations suspended by the UK on 25 January 2024.
* India
* Dominican Republic
* Morocco
* Singapore, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole
* Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador
* Caribbean Community (CARIBCAN)

### Exploratory discussions

Canada is undertaking exploratory discussions of bilateral or multilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs, although formal negotiations have not yet begun:
* China, abandoned following the detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig and the extradition case of Meng Wanzhou
* Philippines, suspended following the Canada–Philippines waste dispute and abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole
* Thailand, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole
* Turkey, with no progress since 2013

### Abandoned free trade agreement proposals

| Agreement name | Abbreviation | Countries involved | Notes |
| Free Trade Area of the Americas | FTAA | 32  Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela | Proposed expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement to all members of the Organization of American States, negotiated from 1994 to 2005. During the 4th Summit of the Americas in 2005, 26 of the countries pledged to meet again in 2006 to resume negotiations but no such meeting took place. |
| Canada–Central American Four Free Trade Agreement | CCA4FTA | Guatemala  El Salvador  Honduras  Nicaragua | Twelve rounds of negotiations from 2001 to 2010. When no agreement was reached during the 2010 round, Canada and Honduras decided to pursue bilateral negotiations and concluded a separate bilateral FTA. |
| Trans-Pacific Partnership | TPP | Australia  Brunei  Chile  Japan  Malaysia  Mexico  New Zealand  Peru  Singapore  United States  Vietnam | Agreement was signed 4 February 2016. Following the withdrawal of the United States' signature on 23 January 2017 the agreement is defunct, and the remaining members instead concluded the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. |

## Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements

A Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA) is an agreement to promote foreign investing.

### FIPAs in force

The following is a list of FIPAs in force, including date of entry into force.
* Canada–Argentina (29 April 1993)
* Canada–Armenia (29 March 1999)
* Canada–Barbados (17 January 1997)
* Canada–Benin (18 January 2013)
* Canada–Burkina Faso (11 October 2017)
* Canada–Cameroon (16 December 2016)
* Canada–China (1 October 2014)
* Canada–Costa Rica (29 September 1999)
* Canada–Côte d'Ivoire (14 December 2015)
* Canada–Croatia (30 January 2001)
* Canada–Czech Republic (22 January 2012)
* Canada–Ecuador (6 June 1997)
* Canada–Egypt (3 November 1997)
* Canada–Guinea (27 March 2017)
* Canada–Hong Kong (6 September 2016)
* Canada–Hungary (21 November 1993)
* Canada–Jordan (14 December 2009)
* Canada–Kosovo (19 December 2018)
* Canada–Kuwait (19 February 2014)
* Canada–Latvia (24 November 2011)
* Canada–Lebanon (19 June 1999)
* Canada–Mali (8 June 2016)
* Canada–Moldova (23 August 2019)
* Canada–Mongolia (24 February 2017)
* Canada–Panama (13 February 1998)
* Canada–Peru (20 June 2007)
* Canada–Philippines (13 November 1996)
* Canada–Poland (22 November 1990)
* Canada–Romania (23 November 2011)
* Canada–Russian Federation (27 June 1991)
* Canada–Senegal (5 August 2016)
* Canada–Serbia (27 April 2015)
* Canada–Slovak Republic (14 March 2012)
* Canada–Tanzania (9 December 2013)
* Canada–Thailand (24 September 2008)
* Canada–Trinidad & Tobago (8 June 1996)
* Canada–Ukraine (24 June 1995)
* Canada–Uruguay (2 June 1999)
* Canada–Venezuela (28 January 1998)

### FIPAs signed

The following is a list of FIPAs that have been concluded and signed, but have not yet entered into force.
* Canada–Taiwan (December 2023)
* Canada–Nigeria (May 2014)

### FIPA negotiations concluded

The following is a list of FIPA negotiations concluded, and are not in force. First is the country, then the date it was concluded.
* Canada–Albania (November 2013)
* Canada–Bahrain (February 2010)
* Canada–Madagascar (August 2008)
* Canada–United Arab Emirates (May 2018)
* Canada–Zambia (March 2013)

### Ongoing FIPA negotiations

The following is a list of FIPA negotiations that have not yet concluded.
* Canada–Democratic Republic of Congo
* Canada–Gabon
* Canada–Georgia
* Canada–Ghana
* Canada–India
* Canada–Kazakhstan
* Canada–Kenya
* Canada–Republic of Macedonia
* Canada–Mauritania
* Canada–Mozambique
* Canada–Pakistan
* Canada–Qatar
* Canada–Rwanda
* Canada–Tunisia