OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chicago Seven (architects)

The Chicago Seven was a first-generation postmodern group of architects in Chicago. The original Seven were Stanley Tigerman, Larry Booth, Stuart Cohen, Ben Weese, James Ingo Freed, Tom Beeby and James L. Nagle.

## Motivation

Rebelling against the oppressive institutionalized predominance of the doctrine of modernism, as represented by the followers of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the Chicago Seven architects were looking for new forms, a semantic content and historical references in their buildings. Nagle commented on the state of affairs that prompted the intervention of the Chicago Seven: "It wasn't Mies that got boring. It was the copiers that got boring,... You got off an airplane in the 1970s, and you didn't know where you were."
The Seven brought their ideas to a broader audience through their teaching, exhibitions and symposia. At least three (Tigerman, Booth and Beeby) taught at the University of Illinois Chicago in the early 1980s.

## Origins, development and further members

The nucleus of the group formed in protest against the travelling exhibition One Hundred Years of Architecture in Chicago about to be shown in 1976 at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. The organizers put such an exclusive emphasis on the role played by Mies, his predecessors and followers, that it distorted the historical reality. This aroused the criticism of Tigerman, Cohen, Booth and Weese who simultaneously mounted a counter-show in the Time-Life Building which attracted nationwide attention.
Quickly dubbed the Chicago Four, with the addition of Freed, Beeby and Nagle, they soon expanded into the Chicago Seven. They embraced this name as it paid homage to the anti-Vietnam war protesters known as the Chicago Seven who stood trial in the city from September 1969 until February 1970.
The name stuck even after they were joined by Helmut Jahn for the 1978 project "the exquisite corpse" which produced variations on the Chicago townhouse to "demonstrate the harmonious variety of a cityscape allowed to develop through minimally controlled 'accident'." These townhouses were characterised by their abandoning the modernist rules, the modification of the structural grid, the introduction of barrel vaults and historical references. As Nagle put it, "a lot of it really had to do with history... The appreciation of history made us all much better architects." Beeby's townhouse was strongly influenced by Palladio and the facade even sported a Serliana.
The group was further enlarged by the inclusion of Gerald Horn, Kenneth Schroeder and Cynthia Weese. However, the members were a heterogeneous bunch and, according to Beeby, "didn't agree on anything". Yet, "despite the reliance on form, sometimes ironic and sometimes nostalgic, this was the first broadly conceptualized alternative to Chicago's modernist architectural canon."

## Aftermath

In 2005, the Chicago Architectural Club organized a reunion of the Chicago Seven at Chicago's Museum of Contemporary Art, Celebrating 25 Years of the Chicago Seven, to discuss the contemporary state of Chicago architecture. Tigerman did not attend.
# Acyl-homoserine-lactone acylase

Acyl-homoserine-lactone acylase (EC 3.5.1.97, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL-acylase, AiiD, N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, PA2385 protein, quorum-quenching AHL acylase, quorum-quenching enzyme, PvdQ, QuiP) is an enzyme with systematic name N-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone amidohydrolase. This enzyme functions as a quorum quencher by catalysing the following chemical reaction
    an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ L-homoserine lactone + a carboxylate
Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are produced by a number of bacterial species .
# Athletics at the 1995 Pan American Games – Women's hammer throw

The women's hammer throw event at the 1995 Pan American Games was held at the Estadio Atletico "Justo Roman" on 17 March. It was the first time that the hammer was contested by women at the Games and one of the earliest international competitions for this event.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result |
| | Alex Givan | United States | 57.12 | 55.70 | 58.92 | x | x | x | 58.92 |
| | María Eugenia Villamizar | Colombia | 54.96 | 53.64 | 54.46 | 53.62 | 53.86 | 56.14 | 56.14 |
| | Sonja Fitts | United States | 56.06 | 52.62 | 53.44 | x | 55.32 | x | 56.06 |
| 4 | Zulma Lambert | Argentina | 54.06 | x | 46.16 | x | x | x | 54.06 |
| 5 | Theresa Brick | Canada | 52.26 | x | 52.06 | 53.78 | x | 52.12 | 53.78 |
| 6 | Karina Moya | Argentina | 44.88 | 47.38 | 51.94 | x | 48.96 | 51.72 | 51.94 |
| 7 | Norbi Balantén | Cuba | 50.88 | x | x | x | x | x | 50.88 |
| 8 | Lidia de la Cruz | Mexico | 46.66 | x | x | 44.10 | 45.58 | x | 46.66 |
# Jean-Baptiste Théodon

Jean-Baptiste Théodon (1645–1713) was a French sculptor.
Born at Vendrest (Seine-et-Marne), he formed his style working in the Manufacture royale des Gobelins organized by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who saw to it that he was admitted to the newly founded French Academy at Rome in 1675. Following the successive reinstallations of the Academy, in the company of his wife, Théodon remained in Rome for three decades, working for the popes at the Lateran and the Basilica of St. Peter, and above all for the Jesuits.
After a brief visit to Paris in 1704, he returned once and for all in 1705, to participate, among sculptors of greater renown, in the installation of the Chapelle Royale at Versailles under the general direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, whose last major project this was, and the more immediate supervision of Robert de Cotte.
# Canoe polo at the World Games

Canoe polo was part of the World Games from the edition of Duisburg 2005.

## Medalists
### Men

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2005 Duisburg | Netherlands (NED) | Germany (GER) | Great Britain (GBR) |
| 2009 Kaohsiung | France (FRA) | Netherlands (NED) | Australia (AUS) |
| 2013 Cali | Germany (GER) | France (FRA) | Italy (ITA) |
| 2017 Wrocław | Germany (GER) | Italy (ITA) | Spain (ESP) |
| 2022 Birmingham | Germany (GER) | France (FRA) | Spain (ESP) |

### Women

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2005 Duisburg | Germany (GER) | Great Britain (GBR) | Japan (JPN) |
| 2009 Kaohsiung | Great Britain (GBR) | Germany (GER) | France (FRA) |
| 2013 Cali | Germany (GER) | Great Britain (GBR) | France (FRA) |
| 2017 Wrocław | Germany (GER) | France (FRA) | Italy (ITA) |
| 2022 Birmingham | France (FRA) | Germany (GER) | New Zealand (NZL) |
# Chamberlin Glacier

Chamberlin Glacier (67°34′S 65°33′W﻿ / ﻿67.567°S 65.550°W﻿ / -67.567; -65.550) is a glacier on the east side of Hemimont Plateau which flows northeast into Whirlwind Inlet about 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Matthes Glacier, on the east coast of Graham Land.

## History

Chamberlin Glacier was discovered by Sir Hubert Wilkins on a flight of December 20, 1928, and in 1940 was photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service. It was charted in 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who named it for American glaciologist and geomorphologist Thomas C. Chamberlin, educator and professor of geology at the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago.
# John Mundy (diplomat)

John Mundy is a Canadian diplomat. He was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Iran and previously a diplomat to Australia. Mundy was expelled by Iran on December 4, 2007, after the Canadian and Iranian governments failed to agree on a reciprocal exchange of Ambassadors. Mr. Mundy retired from Government service in 2008 and joined the Centre for International Policy Studies at the University of Ottawa as an Associate in 2012. He has written and lectured about Iran extensively.
# Bagoué

Bagoué Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Savanes District. The seat of the region is Boundiali and the region's population in the 2021 census was 515,890.
Bagoué is divided into three departments: Boundiali, Kouto, and Tengréla.
# Acyl-CoA hydrolase

The enzyme acyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.20) catalyzes the reaction
    acyl-CoA + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ CoA + a carboxylate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA hydrolase. Other names in common use include acyl coenzyme A thioesterase, acyl-CoA thioesterase, acyl coenzyme A hydrolase, thioesterase B, thioesterase II, and acyl-CoA thioesterase.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1Y7U and 2GVH.
# Gazlıgöl, İhsaniye

Gazlıgöl is a town (belde) and municipality in the İhsaniye District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,486 (2021).
# Jean-Marie Demange

Jean-Marie Demange (23 July 1943 in Toulouse – 17 November 2008) was a French politician.
A member of the UMP he served as a member of the National Assembly from 1986 to 2008. He also served as the Mayor of Thionville for 13 years, serving in that capacity from 25 June 1995 to 21 March 2008.
He had been distraught after losing the 2008 election to a Socialist and committed suicide by gunshot after he killed his mistress following a heated argument.
# Cam Polson

Cam Polson (born 20 September 1989) is a Canadian professional rugby union player. He plays as a second row for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby and previously for Canada internationally.
# Chandler Rathfon Post

Chandler Rathfon Post (1881–1959) was an American art historian and professor. He was a professor emeritus at Harvard University (working from 1909 until 1950), focused as a historian of Spanish and Italian Renaissance art and iconography. Post authored the book series, A History of Spanish Painting.

## Biography

Post was born on December 14, 1881, in Detroit, Michigan, to parents Anne M. Rathfon and William R. Post.
Post attended Harvard University, his classmates included Franklin D. Roosevelt and Hayward Keniston, and graduated in 1904, with a B.A. degree in Spanish literature. After graduation he studied Greek literature at American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece. In 1909, Post received his Ph.D. from Harvard. His thesis was titled, Castillian Allegory of the Fifteenth Century, with Especial Reference to the Influence of Dante (1909), and his doctoral advisor was Jeremiah D. M. Ford.
In 1914, he started teaching at Harvard, first as assistant professor of Greek Art and Fine Arts. By 1934, he was appointed as the William Dorr Boardman professor of Fine Arts. Students of Post included John Dos Passos and Walter William Spencer Cook.
Post was a prolific author and researcher, he started his first visual survey series with, History of European and American Sculpture (1921), which was two volume and is one of the earliest American art surveys published. His survey series, A History of Spanish Painting (spanning publishing dates 1930–1953) was fourteen volumes in length and extensive in details. His last two books in the Spanish painting series were published posthumous by Harold Edwin Wethey.
Post was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
He died November 2, 1959, in Foxborough, Massachusetts.

## Publications

* Post, Chandler R. (1915). Mediaeval Spanish Allegory. Volume 4 of Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9783487401867.
* Post, Chandler R. (1921). A History of European and American Sculpture from the Early Christian Period to the Present Day, Volume 1. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780722229798.
* Post, Chandler R. (1921). A History of European and American Sculpture from the Early Christian Period to the Present Day, Volume 2. Vol. 2 (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
# John Neale (academic)

John Neale was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.
Neale became a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford in 1556. He was Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1560 until his deprivation in 1566. He was elected a Fellow of St John's College, Oxford in 1570.
# Jeff Stetson

Jeff Stetson is an American writer best known for such novels and plays as Blood on the Leaves and The Meeting, a 1987 play about an imaginary meeting between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X in 1965 in a hotel in Harlem. The play was later televised on American Playhouse in 1989.
# Babaoğlu

Babaoğlu is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aydoğan Babaoğlu (born 1944), Turkish military officer
* Özalp Babaoğlu (born 1955), Turkish computer scientist
# Chirosia grossicauda

Chirosia grossicauda is a species of fly found in Europe. The larvae mine the lower rachis of bracken causing a swelling, known as a gall.

## Lifecycle

A white maggot mines the central vein of the pinnule (a secondary division of a frond of bracken) causing the tip to roll downwards. The larva probably pupate in the gall, but are likely to fall out when the fronds wither and fall to the ground, pupating in the leaf litter.

### Parasites

Larva of Trybliographa ciliaris are endoparasitoid of the larvae of Chirosia grossicauda.

## Distribution

In Europe the fly is found from Ireland to Russia and from the Iberian Peninsula to Scandinavia. It has also been recorded in South Africa.
# List of members of Teylers Eerste Genootschap

This list contains all ordinary members of Teylers Eerste Genootschap (Teylers First Society). The total number of members varies over time. Appointments are for life, although the members can resign. From 1955 it became customary to resign at age 70, but to remain extraordinary members. Extraordinary members are not indicated. The years indicate their membership.

## Original appointed members

The members appointed by testament of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst:
* Age Wijnalda (1778 - 1792)
* Cornelis Loosjes (1778 - 1792)
* Klaas van der Horst (1778 - 1825)
* Jan Verbeek (1778 - 1788)
* Barend Hartman van Groningen (1778 - 1806)

## Later members

* Frederik Scheltinga (1778 - 1781)
* Jan van Walré (1781 - 1782)
* Willem van Kampen (1782 - 1783)
* Willem Brouwer Bosch (1783 - 1788)
* Petrus Loosjes Adz (1788 - 1813)
* Abraham Wijnands (1788 - 1805)
* Cornelis de Vries (1792 - 1812)
* Cornelis de Haan (1792 - 1793)
* Matthias van Geuns Jz (1793 - 1839)
* Abraham de Vries (1805 - 1862)
* François Huurkamp van der Vinne (1807 - 1815)
* Sybren Klazes Sybrandi (1812 - 1827), resigned to become director
* Adriaan Loosjes Pzn (1813 - 1818)
* Rinse Koopman (1815 - 1826)
* Matthijs Siegenbeek (1818 - 1854)
* Samuel Muller (1825 - 1875)
* Jan van Geuns (1826 - 1831), resigned
* Louis Philip Serrurier (1827 - 1844)
* Sytse Klaas de Waard (1832 - 1856)
* Klaas Sybrandi (1839 - 1858), resigned to become director
* Willem Carel Mauve (1844 - 1869)
* Jan van Gilse (1854 - 1859)
* Abraham Kuenen (1856 - 1891)
* Sytse Hoekstra Bzn (1858 - 1893), resigned
* Christiaan Sepp (1859 - 1890)
* Dirk Harting (1862 - 1889), resigned
* Hendrik Arend van Gelder (1869 - 1899)
* Jacob Giesbert de Hoop Scheffer (1875 - 1893)
* Cornelis Petrus Tiele (1889 - 1902)
* Samuel Cramer (1890 - 1913)
* Johannes Gerardus Rijk Acquoy (1892 - 1896)
* Izaak Jan de Bussy (1893 - 1911), resigned
* Jan Gerrit Boekenoogen (1894 - 1932), resigned
* Daniël E. J. Völter (1897 - 1927)
* Arnoldus Cornelis Duker (1899 - 1915)
* Hendrik Jan Elhorst (1902 - 1924)
* Pierre Henri Ritter (1912 - 1912)
* Pieter Feenstra (1913 - 1936)
* Albert Bruining (1913 - 1920)
* Tjeerd Cannegieter (1915 - 1927), resigned
* Hajo Uden Meyboom (1920 - 1932), resigned
* Johan Gerrit Appeldoorn (1924 - 1942), resigned
* Arjen Binnerts (1927 - 1932)
* Heinrich Friedrich Hackmann (1927 - 1934), resigned
* Wilhelmus Johannes Kühler (1932 - 1946)
* Cornelis Bonnes Hylkema (1932 - 1941), resigned
* Gustaaf Adolf van den Bergh van Eysinga (1933 - 1957)
* William Brede Kristensen (1934 - 1951)
* Jan Nicolaas Bakhuizen van den Brink (1936 - 1966)
* Albertus Wilhelmus Groenman (1942 - 1961)
* Willem Leendertz (1942 - 1961)
* Willem Frederik Golterman (1946 - 1968)
* Adriaan de Buck (1951 - 1959)
* Johannes Arnoldus Oosterbaan (1957 - ?)
* Jan Nicolaas Sevenster (1959 - 1971)
* Martinus Adrianus Beek (1961 - ?)
* Jan Zandzee (1961 - ?)
* Willem Frederik Dankbaar (1967 - 1977)
* Irvin Buckwalter Horst (1968 - ?)
* Marinus de Jonge (1971 - ?)
* Hendrik Bernardus Kossen (1978 - ?)
# Acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase

Acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase (EC 2.3.1.184) is an enzyme with systematic name acyl-(acyl-carrier protein):S-adenosyl-L-methionine acyltranserase (lactone-forming, methylthioadenosine-releasing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine $\rightleftharpoons$ [acyl-carrier protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone
Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are produced by a number of bacterial species and are used by them to regulate the expression of virulence genes in a process known as quorum-sensing.

## Alternate names

acyl-homoserine lactone synthase, acyl homoserine lactone synthase, acyl-homoserinelactone synthase, acylhomoserine lactone synthase, AHL synthase, AHS, AHSL synthase, AhyI, AinS, AinS protein, autoinducer synthase, autoinducer synthesis protein rhlI, EsaI, ExpISCC1, ExpISCC3065, LasI, LasR, LuxI, LuxI protein, LuxM, N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase, RhlI, YspI, acyl-[acyl carrier protein]:S-adenosyl-L-methionine acyltranserase (lactone-forming, methylthioadenosine-releasing)
# Doğantepe, Amasya

Doğantepe is a village in the Amasya District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 880 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
# Jean-Pierre Nonault

Jean-Pierre Nonault (23 March 1937 – 25 January 2024) was a Congolese politician and diplomat. He was Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1974 to 1979 and Ambassador to France from 1979 to 1984. Since 2002, he has been a member of the Senate of Congo-Brazzaville.

## Personal life

Nonault's daughter, Arlette Soudan-Nonault is a former journalist and serves as the Republic of Congo's Minister of Tourism and Environment.

## Diplomatic and political career

Nonault was born in Lékoumou Department in the southern part of the Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville. In 1971, under the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), he became government commissar of Kouilou Region. He was appointed as Director of the Congolese Information Agency on 13 November 1973. In 1974, President Marien Ngouabi appointed Nonault as Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to the Soviet Union; he presented his credentials as ambassador in September 1974. He was additionally accredited as Ambassador to Mongolia, presenting his credentials on 25 March 1976, and as Ambassador to Hungary, presenting his credentials on 28 April 1976.
Nonault was elected to the PCT Central Committee in 1979. He was then appointed as Ambassador to France, presenting his credentials to President Giscard d'Estaing on 25 October 1979. While residing in Paris, Nonault was also accredited as Ambassador to the United Kingdom beginning on 23 June 1980 and as Ambassador to Spain. Nonault remained at his post in Paris for over four years; he returned to Congo-Brazzaville in 1984 and took up the post of Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the PCT's Third Ordinary Congress, held on 27–31 July 1984, he was re-elected to the PCT Central Committee.
In July 2002, Nonault was elected to the Senate as a PCT candidate in Cuvette Region, and he was designated as President of the Parliamentary Group of the United Democratic Forces and Allies in October 2002. He was also President of the Collective of Cuvette Senators. He was re-elected to the Senate in October 2005 as a PCT candidate in Cuvette Region. He received the votes of 56 electors, placing first and therefore winning the first of Cuvette's six available seats. As the oldest senator, Nonault presided over the election of the Senate bureau for the new term, an honor customarily reserved for the eldest member of the body, when the Senate resumed meeting on 10 October 2005.
Following the August 2008 Senate election, Nonault—still the oldest senator—again presided over the election of the Senate's bureau on 12 August 2008. The bureau from the previous Senate term was re-elected with only a few changes.
In early 2011, Nonault was appointed by the PCT leadership to chair the five-member Preparatory Committee for the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress. At the Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in July 2011, Nonault presided over the opening ceremony, and he was designated as President of the PCT's National Control and Evaluation Commission.
In the October 2011 Senate election, Nonault was re-elected to the Senate as a PCT candidate in Cuvette.
# Ciciler, Osmaneli

Ciciler is a village in the Osmaneli District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 173 (2021).
# List of firsts in architecture
## Buildings firsts sorted by date built

* Oriel Chambers, the first building to feature a metal-framed glass curtain wall. Built in 1864.
* Equitable Life Building (Manhattan), first office building to use passenger elevators. Completed in 1870.
* Home Insurance Building, widely considered to be the first true skyscraper due to its use of a structural steel frame. Built in 1884.
* Pioneer Building, was the tallest building west of Chicago, surpassing St. Paul's previous tallest, the Globe Building when it was completed in 1889. Also early home of Minnesota's first newspaper, now known as the Pioneer Press, and home of the world's first telephone answering service, implemented in 1927
* Hamilton Building, first building in Portland designed in the Classical Revival style, completed in 1893
* Missouri State Teachers Association Building, first building in the United States built specifically to house a state teachers association built in 1927
* Roy G. Cullen Building, first building on a campus of higher education in the United States with air conditioning, built in 1938
* Man Yee Building, first building in Hong Kong with escalators, built in 1957.
* Greystone Manor, the first condominium in the Continental United States was built in Salt Lake City, Utahn by attorney Keith B. Romney built In 1960
* P2 (panel building), type of residential panel building found in former East Germany, first building of this type was built in 1961
* Turning Torso, the first twisted skyscraper in the world, built in 2005.

## Architect firsts

* John S. Chase, in 1952, became the first African American to enroll and graduate from the University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture and later became the first African American male licensed to practice Architecture in the state of Texas. In addition, he was also the first African American admitted to the Texas Society of Architects and the Houston Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1970 John S. Chase became the first African American Architect to serve on the United States Commission on Fine Arts and in 1970, he co-founded the National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA), (along with 12 other black architects).