OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cacique democracy

Cacique democracy is a term that has been used to describe what has been observed as the feudal political system of the Philippines, where in many parts of the country local leaders remain very strong, with warlord-like powers. The term was originally coined by Irish-American political scientist Benedict Anderson.

## History

The Philippines was a colony of Spain from the late sixteenth century until the Philippine Revolution of 1898. But the United States, despite promising independence like Cuba, bought the country and wrestled control, succeeding by 1902. The U.S. administration subsequently introduced many commercial, political and administrative changes, trade limits, agricultural and immigration sanctions, and machine importation restrictions. They were sometimes quite progressive and directed towards the "modernization" of government and commerce in the Philippines. However, the local traditional Filipino elites, being better educated and better connected than much of the local population, were often able to take advantage of the changes to bolster their positions.

## Etymology

The Spanish word cacique comes from the Taíno word kassiquan, meaning "to keep house." In Spanish America, Brazil, Spain, and Portugal, the term also has come to mean a political boss or leader who exercises significant power in the political system known as caciquismo, and is sometimes translated as "Bossism." In various Austronesian languages, datu, along with its cognates, is a title similar to cacique, and had historically been conferred upon the ruler of a maṇḍala or precolonial fiefdom.
# Ajibade Babalade

Ajibade Kunde Babalade (29 March 1972 – 4 September 2020) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a defender and was Team Chef of Shooting Stars FC.
Babalade died on 4 September 2020, aged 48.

## Club career

He played for FC Seoul of the South Korean K-League, then known as Anyang LG Cheetahs.

## Coaching career

On 17 October 2008 he was named as manager of the Shooting Stars F.C.
# Dieynaba Diop

Dieynaba Diop (born 15 July 1974) is a French politician of the Socialist Party who was elected member of the National Assembly for Yvelines's 9th constituency in 2024. She serves as deputy mayor of Les Mureaux and as a member of the Regional Council of Île-de-France. Within the Socialist Party she serves as a spokesperson and as its departmental secretary in Yvelines. She was a candidate for the European Parliament in the 2024 European Parliament election.
# Ala, Alappuzha

Ala is a village in Chenganoor taluk of Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Ala had a population of 14057 with 6641 males and 7416 females.

### Educational institutions

* Sree Narayana College Chengannur
* S.N Turst Secondary School
* Government Higher secondary School
* Government L.P.S, ALA
* Providence College of Engineering.
* Mathews Mar Athanasius Residential School.
# Jan Moretus

Jan Moretus, also John Moerentorf or Joannes Moretus (2 May 1543 – 22 September 1610), was a Flemish printer who was an apprentice for Christophe Plantin, married his daughter, and later inherited the printing business on his father-in-law's death.

## Biography

Moretus was born in Antwerp, the son of satin-weaver Jacob Mourentorf and Adriana Gras, daughter of Pieter Gras, a silk-weaver from Milan. He began working for publisher Christophe Plantin in 1557, when he was 14 years of age. He worked in Venice, starting around 1562 to 1563, and then returned to Plantin's business in Antwerp by 1565. In 1570, he married Martina Plantin, the second daughter of the publisher. Christophe wrote a letter on 5 November 1570 to Gabriel de Çayas (secretary to Philip II of Spain) about his new son-in-law:
   A young man quite expert in and with a good understanding of Greek, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Flemish who from the time that your Highness was in this country with His Majesty until now, has always served me in both good and bad times, without abandoning me because of any ill-fortune which overtook me or because of the promises or inducements that others were able to make him, even offering him the richest marriages and rewards such as were not within my power to grant him. For which reason I give her [i.e. Martina] to him, to the great pleasure of all my good Lords, relations and friends who have known this young man while he has been conducting the business of my shop.
After Christophe Plantin's death, Jan Moretus became the owner of the Plantin Press printing company. Under his management, the company focused on 12mo format for text books, doing away with the smaller handbook (enchiridion) favored under his predecessor.
His wife, considered a formidable businesswoman from the wealthy bourgeoisie, ran Plantin Press from 1610 to 1614. Plantin, through her marriage to Moretus, was considered to be the head of the printing dynasty that lasted for more than three centuries. Her sons, Balthasar and Jan, inherited the printing business and bookshop.

## Projects

Some of the notable projects published by Moretus include Benito Arias Montano's Anima, an eight-book series detailing the history of humanity from the Creation through its regeneration with Christ's birth. He has also collaborated with theologians in the publication of religious texts. For example, he worked with the Flemish scholar Henricus Sedulius during the publication of Bonaventure's The Life of St. Francis (De vita s. patris Francisci).
Moretus' works and archives are held in the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp.
# Kiparé

Kiparé is a village in the commune of Parakou in the Borgou Department of central-eastern Benin. It is located south of Parakou city centre.
# Hendri

Hendri is an Indonesian name. Notable people with the name include:
* Hendri Susilo Pramono (born 1979), Indonesian tennis player
* Hendri Saputra (born 1981), Indonesian-born Singaporean badminton player
* Hendri Satriadi (born 1992), Indonesian footballer
* Hendri Septa (born 1976), Indonesian politician
# G. E. E. Lindquist Native American photograph collection

The G. E. E. Lindquist Native American photograph collection is an online presentation of the 1322 photographs, 124 postcards, 388 negatives, and 34 glass plate negatives/lantern slides, which derive from the G. E. E. Lindquist Papers archival collection at the Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York.
They depict the people, places, and practices of Native Americans and their communities from at least 34 States, plus Canada and Mexico in the period from 1909-1953. The majority of the images were taken by Gustavus E.E. Lindquist (1886-1967), an itinerant representative of the ecumenical Home Missions Council of the Federal Council of Churches.

## About the collection

Sourced from Lindquist's archival papers, the Lindquist online image collection depicts the people, places, and practices of Native American communities from the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. These photographs were taken by Lindquist, an ordained home missions administrator, as he traveled to reservations from 1909 to 1953 as part of his work with the Home Mission Council of the Federal Council of Churches.
Online access is now available to the collection, which includes 1322 photographs, 124 postcards, 388 negatives, and 34 glass plate negatives/lantern slides.
This collection consists of individual and group portraits, landscapes, buildings, agricultural and industrial scenes, cemeteries, parades and pageants, leisure activities, weather events, modes of transportation, and living conditions across a variety of Native communities.
The photographs will be of considerable research value to scholars and researchers exploring topics in 20th Native American history, anthropology, Christian missions, architecture, photography, and the trans-Mississippi West.

## Finding Aids

The primary finding aid is available at the Burke Library website.
# 1834 in sports

1834 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Boxing

Events
* Still trying to fight Jem Ward for the English Championship, James Burke travels from town to town giving boxing exhibitions to raise the money. Ward, who refuses to fight Burke, keeps raising the stakes to avoid the fight. The question of the title remains unresolved with Ward officially retired and Burke under a stigma following the death of Simon Byrne in 1833.

## Chess

* The La Bourdonnais – McDonnell chess matches take place at the Westminster Chess Club in London. They are a series of matches between Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais of France and Alexander McDonnell of Ireland. The matches confirm La Bourdonnais as the leading chess player in the world.

## Cricket

Events
* Fuller Pilch reaches his peak as a top-class batsman, scoring 551 runs at an unprecedented average of 61.22, an outstanding achievement on the unpredictable pitches of his time.
England
* Most runs – Fuller Pilch 551 @ 61.22 (HS 153*)
* Most wickets – William Lillywhite 38 (BB 7–?)

## Horse racing

England
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – May-day
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Glencoe
* The Derby – Plenipotentiary
* The Oaks – Pussy
* St. Leger Stakes – Touchstone

## Rowing

The Boat Race
* The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race is not held this year
# Kadiri revenue division

Kadiri revenue division is an administrative division in the Sri Sathya Sai district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 4 revenue divisions in the district with 32 mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters is located at Kadiri.

## Administration

There are 8 mandals administered under Anantapur revenue division. Their headquarters are:
| Mandal headquarters | Amadagur, Gandlapenta, Kadiri, Kothacheruvu, Nallacheruvu, Nambulapulakunta, Talupula, Tanakal |
# Al Jones (1940s pitcher)

Albert Alonzo Jones is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1940s.
Jones made his Negro leagues debut in 1944 with the Chicago American Giants, and played for the Memphis Red Sox the following season. In nine recorded career games on the mound, he posted a 4.56 ERA over 53.1 innings.
# Diexi Lake

Diexi Lake (Chinese: 叠溪海子; pinyin: Diéxī Hǎizi) is a lake in Diexi, Mao County, Sichuan, China.
Diexi Lake is a landslide dam-created lake formed in the 1933 Diexi earthquake and covers 3.5 square kilometers. The old town of Diexi sank into this lake. The remnants of the town's watch towers, a temple, stone lions and cliff murals are still visible today.
# Ala, Trentino

Ala is a comune in Trentino, north-eastern Italy. Until the First World War, it was an important border town between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro Hungarian Empire.
It was the birthplace in 1896 of the supercentenarian Venere Pizzinato who lived to be 114. Alongside Ateleta, Onano, Orero and Siris, it is one of five Italian municipalities with a palindromic name.
# Blackfriars Priory School

34°53′42″S 138°35′45″E﻿ / ﻿34.8950°S 138.5958°E﻿ / -34.8950; 138.5958
Blackfriars Priory School is a private Roman Catholic school for boys situated in Prospect, an inner-northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is conducted by the Dominican Friars of the Province of the Assumption.

## History

The school opened in 1953 in its current location which was then a property called "St Catharine's". The house, which is now part of the school, was built for James Angas Johnson (1841–1909), a grandson of George Fife Angas.

## Statue

In November 2017, Blackfriars covered up and eventually removed an outdoor statue of St. Martin de Porres after its "unintentionally provocative design . . . created a flurry of activity on social media, prompting the school to take quick action", according to a news report.
The statue depicted the figure of St. Martin "handing a young boy a loaf of bread, which appears to have emerged from his cloak". The boy's head is waist-high with the body of the priest. Students posted photos of it on social media, and the next week it was "cordoned off". A photo shows it covered with a black drape.
Principal Simon Cobiac said in a statement that another sculptor would refashion the statue.

## Houses

| House name | Colours |
| Denifle | Red and white and blue |
| Jarrett | Blue and red |
| Horten | Light blue and white |
| Aquinas | Black and white |
| Lagrange | Yellow and green |
| De Vitoria | Blue and green |
| Lacordaire | Red and yellow |
| Burke | Yellow and black |

## Notable alumni
### Arts

* Harrison Gilbertson, actor
* John Schumann, singer

### Public life

* Leon Bignell, politician
* Don Farrell, Labor senator
* David O'Loughlin, politician
* Jack Snelling, politician

### Sport

* Carlo Armiento, football (soccer) player
* Alan Didak, Australian rules football player
* Callum Ferguson, cricket player
* Ben Hart, Australian rules football player
* Ben Holland, Australian rules football player
* Nick Holland, Australian rules football player
* Mark Jamar, Australian rules football player
* Teeboy Kamara, football (soccer) player
* Joe Mullen, football (soccer) player
* Martin McKinnon, Australian rules football player
* Oleg Markov, Australian rules football player
* Sean Tasker, Australian rules football player
* Boyd Woodcock, Australian rules football player
# Kirjatalo

Kirjatalo (Swedish: Bokhuset; lit. 'Book House') is a commercial building located on the corner of Pohjoisesplanadi and Keskuskatu in central Helsinki, Finland. It is notable for having been designed by Alvar Aalto. Possibly its best-known resident is the flagship store of the Academic Bookstore chain.

## Background

In 1961, the plot's owner, retail company Stockmann, whose main department store is located across the street, announced an architectural competition for the design of a new mixed-use property on the site. The winner of that contest was Alvar Aalto, who had also designed the nearby Rautatalo.

## Architecture

Both the copper-clad exterior, and the central atrium concept of the building's interior, were designed to match those of the Rautatalo.
The central space making up the atrium receives natural illumination from the skylights extending downwards from the roof. Surrounding the atrium are the upper floors' mezzanine structures.

## Recent developments

The upper floors, originally allocated to office use, have subsequently been taken over by the book store.
There is a restaurant, Café Aalto, opened in 1986, located on the first floor of the building.
In 2015, Stockmann sold the operations of the Academic Bookstore chain to the Bonnier Group.
In 2018, Stockmann also sold the property to a real estate investor for over EUR 108 m.
# Hendrich

Hendrich may refer to:
* Hermann Hendrich (1854-1931), German painter
* Hendrich (footballer) (born 1986), Hendrich Miller Meireles Bernardo, Brazilian football attacking midfielder
* Kathrin Hendrich (born 1992), German football defender
* Hendrich's Drop Forge, museum in Solingen, Germany
# 1834 in rail transport

This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1834.

## Events
### January events

* January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.
* January 30 – Construction on the first railroad in Kentucky, linking Lexington and Frankfort, is completed.

### February events

* February 25 – The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad is formed to connect cities in Virginia.

### March events

* March 25 – The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway in England offers season tickets from this date.

### April events

* April 14 – The Long Island Rail Road is incorporated in New York.

### September events

* September 22 – The Leeds and Selby Railway in the north of England is officially opened; at 700 yards (640 m) long, its Marsh Lane tunnel through Richmond Hill, Leeds, near its Marsh Lane terminus is the world's longest railway tunnel at this date and the first through which passengers are hauled by locomotives.

### December events

* December 17 – The Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway in Ireland, opens between Westland Row, Dublin (modern-day Dublin Pearse railway station) and Kingstown (modern-day Dún Laoghaire), on the standard gauge.

### Unknown date events

* The Castleton and West Stockbridge Railroad is chartered to build a railroad between Albany, New York, and the Massachusetts state line.

## Births
### April births

* April 1 – Jim Fisk, American financier who worked with Daniel Drew for control of the Erie Railroad (d. 1872).
* April 23 – Chauncey Depew, president of New York Central Railroad (d. 1928).
# Kadiri taluk

The British Raj established the Kadiri Taluk, which was located in the Kadapa district. however it was integrated into the Anantapur district in 1910. With around 210 villages under its control, Kadiri Taluk was Andhra Pradesh's and India's largest taluk at the time. The revenue mandals where the villages are presently located are Kadiri, Mudigubba, Nallamada, N.P. Kunta, Talupula, Nallacheruvu, O. D. Cheruvu, Tanakal, Amadagur, and Gandlapenta. These mandals, with the exception of Mudigubba, are currently under the Kadiri revenue division. Puttaparthi, Nallamada, and Kothacheruvu Mandals are now included. When the taluk system was abolished and the mandal system was implemented, the Kadiri Taluk was split into almost 12 mandals, which shocked tax authorities. Kadiri Taluk was well known in Andhra Pradesh due to its large population and size.
# Alamor

Alamor is a town and the seat of the Puyango canton, province of Loja, Ecuador.

## Geographic Location

In the south-western province of Loja, is the canton Puyango, bordered on the north by the canton Avocados and the province of El Oro, on the south by the cantons of Celica and Pindal, east of Celica and Avocado Zapotillo and west of the Republic of Peru. Alamor is 214 km from the provincial capital and 140 km. from the city of Machala. Latitude 4'02'S Long 80'01'W Height 1380 meters above sea level Average temperature 18 °C 643 km2 area Population 16,804 inhabitants

## Political Divisions

Puyango has six parishes: one urban (Alamor cantonal head) and five rural: Vicentino, Mercadillo, The Limo, Ciano and El Arenal.

## Climate

Puyango enjoys a mild climate, warm and humid. In the lowlands the temperature reaches 26 °C, and in parts of the temperature range is between 14 °C and 18 °C

## Symbols

Alamors' heraldic shield is divided into four quarters, standing on them; Puyango river, the sun, the flag of the canton, farming tools and cattle. On the outside we have a range of coffee and a corn plant, the main agricultural area and a loop where will your name and date of cantonization' The flag comprises three horizontal stripes of the same dimension, their colors are: yellow on top, green in the middle and white on the bottom. Anthem: Dr. Luis Antonio Aguirre Alamor pastor is the author of the hymn to the parish Alamor. The shield and banner Puyango were approved in solemn session of January 23, 1966. In 1979 Dr. Marcelo Reyes Orellana, write the letter of the current Puyango hymn that was made official by the camera Edilicia the December 3, 1989.

## Topography

Two ridges protrude from Puyanguense territory: The Alamor and the Laborers in the predominantly Black and Curiachi Cerro. The mountain range of The Limo is divided into branches, Canoas, Puerto Nuevo, Banderones, Gentil and Achiral. Rivers: Puyango, the largest river, forms the border with the Gold and Peru, flows into the Pacific Ocean with the name of Tumbes River; Alamor river rises in the foothills of Guachanama in its route goes through the cantonal Pindal and Zapotillo and lays its waters in the Pacific Ocean, as well as have significant streams of Ingenio, Cochurco, Shoa, (Tunima).

## Production

Main products: coffee, corn, trifles, banana, brown sugar or cane to make rum, On the livestock, cattle, pigs, horses and poultry. Citrus, oranges, lemons and tropical fruit.

## Communication channels

Highway. - Main. - Loja-Alamor and Alamor-Arenillas Secondary: Alamor Vicentino, Ciano, Arenal. Alamor, silt, Mangaurco. Alamor, The collapsed Puyango (Old Bridge) Alamor Chaquinal, Pindal.

## Festivals civic and religious

January 23, Puyango cantonization anniversary. July 16, commercial and religious celebration in honor of the Virgin of El Carmen. August 15, commercial and religious celebration in honor of the Virgin of the Assumption. September 14 commercial and religious celebration in honor of our Señor del Girón, in Mercadillo. December 8, commercial and religious celebration in honor of the Immaculate Conception.
# 361 BC

Year 361 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Stolo and Peticus (or, less frequently, year 393 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 361 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Persian Empire

* With the Persian empire weakening, revolts occur in many parts of the empire, including Sidon, a prosperous and rich Phoenician city.

#### Egypt

* The Egyptians under their King Teos and the Spartans under King Agesilaus II, with some Athenian mercenaries under their general Chabrias, set out to attack the Persian King's Phoenician cities. However, they have to return almost at once due to revolts back in Egypt. Subsequently, Agesilaus II quarrels with the Egyptian king and joins a revolt against him.

#### Greece

* Callistratus of Aphidnae, an Athenian orator and general, and the Athenian general, Chabrias, are brought to trial in Athens on account of the refusal of the Thebans to surrender the city of Oropus, which on Callistratus' advice the Thebans have been allowed to occupy temporarily. Despite his magnificent oration in his defence (which so impresses Demosthenes that he resolves to study oratory), Callistratus is condemned to death. He flees to Methone in Macedonia, where he is accommodated by King Perdiccas III who draws on his financial expertise. Chabrias is acquitted and then accepts a command under the King of Egypt, Teos, who is defending his country against Persian attempts at reconquest.

#### Sicily

* Plato returns once more to Syracuse to teach the young Syracusan tyrant Dionysius II. He fails to reconcile the tyrant to Dion, who Dionysius II banished in 366 BC. Because of this, Plato is forced to flee Syracuse to save his life.

## Births

* Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 289 BC)

## Deaths

* Leosthenes, Athenian admiral