OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS Favorite (1864)

HMS Favorite was one of the three wooden warships of moderate dimension (the others being HMS Research and HMS Enterprise) selected by Sir Edward Reed for conversion to broadside ironclads in response to the increased tempo of French warship building during the early 1860s.

## Background and design

Favorite was named after a French prize-of-war, and hence her name is spelled in the French way. She was laid down as a corvette of 22 guns of the Jason class, and was selected for conversion after being two years on the builder's slipway. The hull form was already complete, so modifications were restricted to the installation of a rounded stern and a straight stem in place of the traditional overhanging stern and knee bow.
She carried her armour in a box battery amidships, and the guns carried therein, four on each side, were the heaviest naval cannon of the day. A degree of axial (fore and aft) fire was enabled through an arrangement in which part of the battery wall could be recessed, and one of the guns could be traversed around, about its own axis, to fire through the space thus produced.
She was regarded as a good sea-boat, but rolled more than most; her armament could therefore only have been fought in smooth water, and the movement of the forward or after guns to fire through the axial recesses would have been hazardous in the extreme in anything other than smooth water.

## Service history

She was commissioned at Sheerness for the North America and West Indies station, returning home in August 1869 for refit. She was First Reserve guardship on the east coast of Scotland from 1872 to 1876, in succession to HMS Repulse. On 3 August 1875, she ran aground on the Scroby Sands, Norfolk. She was refloated and found to be undamaged. She paid off at Portsmouth in 1876 and was laid up until sold.

## Citations

* ↑ "Grounding of a Man-of-War". Dundee Courier. No. 6874. Dundee. 4 August 1875.
# David Daniels (poet)

David Daniels (October 11, 1933 – May 12, 2008) was a visual poet.

## Early life

Daniels was born in Beth Israel Hospital, Newark, New Jersey and grew up in Maplewood, New Jersey.

## Career

He made words out of pictures and pictures out of words for over 60 years. Visual Poetry: The Shape Poem: Shapes tell the words what to say and words tell the shapes what to form.
His collection of more than 350 visual poems in PDF format, The Gates of Paradise (2000), as well as his autobiographical collection of more than 250 visual poems, Years (2003), are available online in their entirely at UbuWeb, edited by Kenneth Goldsmith; and at his own website The Gates of Paradise. His collection of visual biographical poems, Humans, a 200+ Human Beingèd Hymn To Humanity, is a work in progress.
Daniels' poems, paintings, manuscripts, and memorabilia are archived at The Poetry/Rare Books Collection of The University Libraries, State University of New York at Buffalo; the Sackner Archive of Concrete and Visual Poetry; the Ohio State University Libraries; the British Library; and the Mata and Arthur Jaffe Collection of Books as Aesthetic Objects. Selections from his body of work are featured online in a variety of zines, blogs, and collections.
Daniels' work has been featured in exhibitions and galleries on three continents.

## Personal life and death

Daniels lived in Berkeley, California and died at home among friends.
# Aloe littoralis

Aloe littoralis is a flowering plant in the Asphodelaceae family. It is a succulent native to arid regions in South Tropical Africa and Southern Africa.
# Almașu (disambiguation)

Almașu is a commune in Sălaj County.
Almașu may also refer to:
* Almașu Mare, a commune in Alba County
* Almașu Mic (disambiguation), several places
* Almașu Sec, a village in Cârjiți Commune, Hunedoara County
# Isodemis quadrata

Isodemis quadrata is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is known from Tibet, China.
The wingspan is 19.5–20 mm for males and 21–22.5 mm for females.

## Male

The head, antenna and labial palpus are yellowish brown, with scattered ochreous brown. The thorax and tegula are ochreous brown mixed with yellowish brown. The forewing is yellowish brown with sparse ochreous scales, but the costal fold is tinged with brownish black. The markings are brownish black mottled with ochreous. The hindwings are dark gray, distally with a pale grayish brown patch tinged with yellowish brown. The cilia are dark gray. The legs are dark yellow, tinged with brownish black on the ventral side of the foreleg and on the outer side of the mid- and hindlegs. The abdomen is grayish brown.

## Female

The head and labial palpus are dark grayish brown. The antenna are brownish black tinged with yellowish brown. The forewings are broader than in the males. They are nearly rectangular and the apex is slightly protruding anteriorly. The costal margin is tinged with brownish black. The hindwings are gray, anterodistally with a yellowish brown patch mottled with brownish black.

## Etymology

The specific name is from the Latin quadratus (meaning square), referring to the rectangular uncus in the male genitalia.
# Belemnittsletta

Belemnittsletta is a coastal plain in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located east of the bay Båtbogen, below the mountains of Myklegardfjellet and Agardhfjellet, and has an extension of about five kilometers. The plain is named after the fossil group Belemnitida.
# 1994 Tour of Britain

The 1994 Tour of Britain was the eighth edition of the Kellogg's Tour of Britain cycle race and was held from 8 August to 12 August 1994. The race started in Glasgow and finished in Manchester. The race was won by Maurizio Fondriest of the Lampre team.

## Route

Stage characteristics and winners :
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner |
| 1 | 8 August | Glasgow to Glasgow | 207 km (128.6 mi) | | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) |
| 2 | 9 August | Carlisle to Blackpool | 182 km (113.1 mi) | | Wiebren Veenstra (NED) |
| 3a | 10 August | Bolton | 12.5 km (7.8 mi) | Individual time trial | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) |
| 3b | 10 August | Liverpool to Liverpool | 60 km (37.3 mi) | | Andrei Tchmil (UKR) |
| 4 | 11 August | Chester to Leicester | 193 km (119.9 mi) | Hilly stage | Olaf Ludwig (GER) |
| 5 | 12 August | Nottingham to Manchester | 149 km (92.6 mi) | | Ján Svorada (SVK) |

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) | Lampre–Panaria | 20h 54' 53" |
| 2 | Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS) | WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca | + 21" |
| 3 | Olaf Ludwig (GER) | Team Telekom | + 27" |
| 4 | Ján Svorada (SVK) | Lampre–Panaria | + 46" |
| 5 | Rolf Aldag (GER) | Team Telekom | + 53" |
| 6 | Sean Yates (GBR) | Motorola | + 55" |
| 7 | Alexander Gontchenkov (UKR) | Lampre–Panaria | + 1' 02" |
| 8 | Norman Alvis (USA) | Motorola | + 1' 04" |
| 9 | Frankie Andreu (USA) | Motorola | + 1' 04" |
| 10 | Scott Sunderland (AUS) | TVM–Bison Kit | + 1' 12" |
# Edwardstown railway station

Edwardstown railway station is located on the Seaford and Flinders lines. Situated in the inner south-western Adelaide suburb of Edwardstown, it is 7.9 kilometres from Adelaide station.

## History

Edwardstown railway station was opened in 1913.
Edwardstown railway station once had a goods yard, where SteamRanger restored its centenary carriages when it was received from the State Transport Authority. It is of an island platform construction, with pedestrian access at the northern and southern ends and the railway tracks on either side to the east and west. The station is unattended and there are no facilities, other than a shelter shed and public address system. The Edwardstown branch of the Freemasons is responsible for maintaining the station's landscaping.

## Services by platform

| Platform | Destination/s |
| 1 | Seaford/Flinders |
| 2 | Adelaide |
# David Schoenbrod

David S. Schoenbrod is a trustee professor of law at New York Law School.
From 1972-79 Schoenbrod's work with the Natural Resources Defense Council made the United States Environmental Protection Agency begin reducing tetraethyl lead in gasoline sooner than they were going to. He also campaigned to resurrect the then-decrepit New York City subway, and protect the environment of Puerto Rico. Previously, he was Director of Program Development at the community development project that Senator Robert Kennedy established in Bedford Stuyvesant. He has also been a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and the American Enterprise Institute and now is a senior fellow at the Niskanen Center.
His most recent book is DC Confidential: Inside the Five Tricks of Washington (Encounter Books, 2017) with forewords by Governor Howard Dean and Senator Mike Lee (Encounter Books, 2017).

## Published works

Remedies: Public and Private, First Edition, co-authored with A. Macbeth, D. Levine, D. Jung (West Publishing Co., 1990). Power Without Responsibility: How Congress Abuses the People Through Delegation (Yale University Press, 1993). Remedies: Public and Private, Second Edition, co-authored with A. Macbeth, D. Levine, D. Jung (West Publishing Co., 1996). Remedies: Public and Private, Third Edition, co-authored with A. Macbeth, D. Levine, D. Jung (West Publishing Co., 2002). Democracy by Decree: What Happens When Courts Run Government, co-authored with R. Sandler (Yale University Press, 2003). Saving Our Environment from Washington: How Congress Grabs Power, Shirks Responsibility, and Shortchanges the People (Yale University Press, 2005). Remedies: Public and Private, Fourth Edition, co-authored with A. Macbeth, D. Levine, D. Jung (West Publishing Co., 2006). Breaking the Logjam: Environmental Protection That Will Work, co-authored with R.B. Stewart and K.M. Wyman (Yale University Press, 2010). D.C. Confidential: Inside the Five Tricks of Washington, with forewords by Governor Howard Dean and Senator Mike Lee (Encounter Books, 2017).

## Education

He has an undergraduate degree from Yale College, a graduate degree in economics from Oxford University, which he attended as a Marshall Scholar, and a law degree from Yale Law.
# Mary Villiers

Mary Villiers may refer to:
* Mary Villiers, Countess of Buckingham (c. 1570–1632)
* Mary Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham (1638–1704)
* Mary Stewart, Duchess of Richmond (1622–1685), formerly Lady Mary Villiers
* Mary Villiers, Lady Herbert of Shurland, a c. 1636 oil painting by Anthony van Dyck of Mary Stewart, Duchess of Richmond
# 2010 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series

The 2010 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series took place at Robertson Field at Satow Stadium in New York City on May 8 and 9, 2010. The series matched the regular season champions of each of the league's two divisions. Dartmouth, the winner of the series, claimed the Ivy League's automatic berth in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was Dartmouth's second consecutive, and second overall, coming in their third consecutive appearance.
Columbia made its third appearance, and second in three years in the Championship Series.

## Results

| Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Dartmouth | 2 | 15 | 11 |
| Columbia | 13 | 10 | 5 |
# Isoantibodies

Isoantibodies, formerly called alloantibodies, are antibodies produced by an individual against isoantigens produced by members of the same species. In the case of the species Homo sapiens, for example, there are a significant number of antigens that are different in every individual. When antigens from another individual are introduced into another's body, these isoantibodies immediately bind to and destroy them.
One common example is the isohaemagglutinins, which are responsible for blood transfusion reactions. This may subjectively differ from the term 'natural' antibodies, or simply 'antibodies', as the former seem to arise from genetic control without apparent antigenic stimulation whereas the latter arise due to antigenic stimulation.

## Isoantigens

A protein or other substance, such as histocompatibility or red blood cell antigens, that is present in only some members of a species and therefore able to stimulate isoantibody production in other members of the same species who lack it. When injected into another animal, they trigger an immune response aimed at eliminating them. Therefore, it can be thought of as an antigen that is present in some members of the same species, but is not common to all members of that species. If an alloantigen is presented to a member of the same species that does not have the alloantigen, it will be recognized as foreign. They are the products of polymorphic genes.

## Production of isohaemagglutinins

Isoantibodies are seen in people with different blood groups. The anti-A or anti-B isoantibodies or both (also called isohaemagglutinins) are produced by an individual against the antigens (A or B) on the RBCs of other blood groups. In a person with A blood group, the plasma will contain isoantibodies against B antigens, so immediately after transfusion of blood from B group the anti-B isohemagglutinins agglutinate the foreign red blood cells.
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies (called isohaemagglutinins), which are not present in human babies, appear in the first years of life. It is possible that food and environmental antigens (bacterial, viral or plant antigens) have epitopes similar enough to A and B glycoprotein antigens. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross react with ABO-incompatible red blood cells when it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM type. O-type individuals can produce IgG-type ABO antibodies.
# Isla Zacate Grande

Isla Zacate Grande is a stratovolcano in Honduras. The volcano forms a 7 by 10 km (4 by 6 mi) island in the Gulf of Fonseca and has seven satellite cones, including Guegensi Island located 3 km (2 mi) from Zacate Grande. The island has seven of the 13 Aldeas (known as towns or neighborhoods) son of the city Amapala. These are subdivided into hamlets.
# Almașu Mic

Almașu Mic may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Almașu Mic, a village in Sârbi Commune, Bihor County
* Almașu Mic, a village in Balc Commune, Bihor County
* Almașu Mic, a village in Pestișu Mic Commune, Hunedoara County
* Almașu Mic de Munte, a village in Balșa Commune, Hunedoara County
# Alompra

Alompra is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1872.

## Species

* Alompra bidiensis Tams, 1953
* Alompra cerastes Tams, 1953
* Alompra ferruginea Moore, 1872
* Alompra roepkei Tams, 1953
* Alompra yibinfani Wu, Lee & Zolotuhin, 2017
# Aller Sand Pit

Aller Sand Pit (grid reference SX880695) is a 0.22 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Devon, notified in 1969. It is the type section for the Aller Gravel.
# Allium chrysonemum

Allium chrysonemum is a species of onions native the Sierra de Cazorla mountain range in southeastern Spain.
# Allium chitralicum

Allium chitralicum is a plant species found in the Himalayas of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. It has an egg-shaped bulb up to 15 mm long, narrow leaves, and rose-colored flowers.
# Allium chiwui

Allium chiwui is a plant species endemic to the Chinese Province of Hebei. The plant grows on slopes at elevations of 2100–2500 m.
Allium chiwui produces bulbs up to 15 mm in diameter. Scapes are up to 30 cm tall. Leaves are linear, flat, shorter than the scape. Umbels are hemispheric, with many white or yellow flowers crowded together.
# Alphafusellovirus

Alphafusellovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Fuselloviridae. Species in the genus Sulfolobus (Sulfolobus shibatae, Sulfolobus solfataricus, and Sulfolobus islandicus) serve as natural hosts. There are seven species in this genus.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 2 (SSV2)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 4 (SSV4)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 5 (SSV5)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 7 (SSV7)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 8 (SSV8)
* Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9 (SSV9)

## Structure

Viruses in Alphafusellovirus are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm, with a length of 100 nm. Genomes are circular, around 17.3kb in length. Biochemical characterization of SSV1, the type species of the Alphafusellovirus genus, showed that virions are composed of four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding chromatin protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, which appear to be acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Alphafusellovirus | Lemon-shaped | | Enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Sulfolobus shibatae, sulfolobus solfataricus, and sulfolobus islandicus serve as the natural host. It has been demonstrated that SSV1, the type species of the genus, is released from the host without causing cell lysis by a budding mechanism, similar to that employed by enveloped eukaryotic viruses.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Alphafusellovirus | Archea: thermolophilic | None | Injection | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
# Alopoglossus copii

Alopoglossus copii, known commonly as the drab shade lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Alopoglossidae. The species is native to northwestern South America.

## Etymology

The specific name, copii, is in honor of American herpetologist Edward Drinker Cope.

## Geographic range

A. copii is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Habitat

The preferred habitat of A. copii is forest at altitudes of 310–1,390 m (1,020–4,560 ft).

## Reproduction

A. copii is oviparous.
# Alopoglossus festae

Alopoglossus festae is a species of lizard in the family Alopoglossidae. The species is native to northwestern South America.

## Etymology

The specific name, festae, is in honor of Italian zoologist Enrico Festa.

## Geographic range

A. festae is found in southwestern Colombia and adjacent northwestern Ecuador.

## Habitat

The preferred habitat of A. festae is forest at altitudes of 10–2,000 m (33–6,562 ft).

## Reproduction

A. festae is oviparous.
# Alpine skiing at the 2011 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival

Alpine skiing at the 2011 European Youth Winter Olympic Festival was held from 13 to 18 February 2011. It was held at the Alpine Skiing Venue Ještěd at Liberec, Czech Republic.

## Results
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Norway (NOR) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Sweden (SWE) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Slovenia (SLO) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 7 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Giant Slalom | Henrik Kristoffersen (NOR) | 1:36.92 | Emanuele Buzzi (ITA) | 1:37.43 | Justus Kuukka (FIN) | 1:38.19 |
| Slalom | Henrik Kristoffersen (NOR) | 1:24.10 | Anthony Bonvin (SUI) | 1:25.05 | Adrian Smiseth Sejersted (NOR) | 1:26.51 |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Giant Slalom | Eli Plut (SLO) | 1:40.79 | Karoline Pichler (ITA) | 1:41.70 | Sabrina Maier (AUT) | 1:41.87 |
| Slalom | Charlotta Säfvenberg (SWE) | 1:24.89 | Eli Plut (SLO) | 1:24.92 | Sabrina Maier (AUT) | 1:25.87 |

### Mixed events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Parallel Giant Slalom< | Sweden (SWE) Lisa Blomqvist Magdalena Fjällström Charlotta Säfvenberg Dan Axel Grahn Felix Monsén Max-Gordon Sundquist | Switzerland (SUI) Rahel Kopp Corinne Suter Samuel Antonin Emanuel Bellwald Anthony Bonwin | Italy (ITA) Valentina Cillara Rossi Karoline Pichler Federica Sosio Emanuele Buzzi Michele Gualazzi Daniele Sorio |
# Altavalle

Altavalle is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It was formed on 1 January 2016 as the merger of the previous communes of Faver, Grauno, Grumes and Valda.
# Alvan Wentworth Chapman

Alvan Wentworth Chapman (September 28, 1809 – April 6, 1899) was an American physician and pioneering botanist in the study of flora of the American Southeast.$^{:50}$ He wrote Flora of the Southern United States, the first comprehensive description of U.S. plants in any region beyond the northeastern states.

## Life

Chapman was born in Southampton, Massachusetts, the youngest of five children. In 1830, he graduated from Amherst College with a degree in classics. He moved to Georgia and then Florida where he held various teaching positions, and he married Mary Ann Hancock in 1839. In the early 1840s, he received a medical education, acquiring his MD in 1846. In 1847, he settled in Apalachicola, Florida, remaining there for the rest of his life working as a physician and botanist, collaborating with Asa Gray.

## Works

His botanical interest seems to have started when he lived in Georgia, adjacent to the botanically unexplored regions of northern Florida. Working in near isolation, in his spare time, he had a manuscript by 1859 and visited Harvard University for five months, consulting with Gray and arranging for publication of his Flora of the Southern United States, which occurred in 1860.$^{:50}$ Chapman brought out a second edition in 1884 and a third edition in 1897.

## Legacy

* He is memorialized in the genus Chapmannia and a multitude of species names.
* Chapman High School and Chapman Elementary School in Apalachicola are named in his honor.
* Chapman Botanical Gardens in Apalachicola.
* Chapman House Museum Archived 2017-12-28 at the Wayback Machine – Greek Revival-style home built in the 1840s by Chapman in Apalachicola.
# Ambodiadabo

Ambodiadabo may rever to multiple places in Madagascar:
* Ambodiadabo, a commune in Bealanana District, Sofia Region
* Ambodiadabo, a commune in Mandritsara District, Sofia Region
# Alun Hawkins

Alun John Hawkins (born 28 May 1944) is an Anglican priest. He was the Dean of Bangor from 2004 to 2011.
Born on 28 May 1944 and educated at King's College London he was a Lecturer in English and Drama at UCNW, Bangor until his ordination in 1981.
After a curacy at Dwygyfylchi he was Rector of Llanberis and then Vicar of Knighton and Norton. He was a Canon Residentiary at Bangor Cathedral from 1993 and Archdeacon of Bangor from 2000 until his appointment to the deanery.
Following controversial remarks concerning his successor as Archbishop of Canterbury by retired archbishop George Carey, Hawkins imposed on the latter a banning order at Bangor Cathedral.