OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2022 BAL season rosters

This page lists the rosters of the 2022 BAL season, the inaugural season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Each team features 13 players. On the rosters, a maximum of four foreign players is allowed including maximum two non-African players. One player from the BAL Elevate program, a cooperation with the NBA Academy Africa, is placed on each team.

## Sahara Conference
### AS Salé

Abdelali Lahrichi and Ousmane Drame were added ahead of the playoffs.
Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### US Monastir

From the past season, six players returned for their second BAL season. On May 11, Monastir signed Julius Coles Jr. ahead of the playoffs.

### Ferroviário da Beira

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### SLAC

SLAC acquired two players with previous BAL experience, as Chris Crawford played (US Monastir) and Josh Nzeakor (AS Police) appeared in the 2021 season. Crawford left the team after the group phase; Oumar Barry and Malcolm Griffin joined the team ahead of the playoffs.

#### Transactions

Teams in italics also play in the 2022 BAL season.

##### In

| Player | Club | Date |
| Serigne Mbaye | NBA Academy Africa | March 2022 |
| Josh Nzeakor | Memphis Hustle | March 2022 |
| Omar Barry | Cornellà | May 2022 (for the 2022 BAL Playoffs) |
| Malcolm Griffin | PAOK | May 2022 (for the 2022 BAL Playoffs) |

##### Out

| Player | Club | Date |
| Chris Crawford | Al Wahda Damascus | 17 May |

### REG

In May, Kenny Gasana and Abdoulaye N'Doye joined the team ahead of the playoffs; they replaced Pitchou Kambuy Manga and Store Habimana as active players on the roster.

## Nile Conference
### Cape Town Tigers

The following is the Cape Town Tigers roster for the group phase of the 2022 BAL season. On May 4, Cleanthony Early joined Cape Town for the playoffs.
Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### Espoir Fukash

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### FAP

Ahead of the playoffs, Charles Minlend Jr. and Abou Diallo joined the team; they replaced Pierre Tankoua and Ebaku Akumenzoh.

### Petro de Luanda

On May 8, 2022, Petro signed E. C. Matthews to join the team for the 2022 BAL Playoffs.
Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### Zamalek

On May 9, 2022, Mohab Yasser signed with Zamalek ahead of the playoffs.
# 2022 Kuchyně Gorenje Prague Open – Doubles

Miriam Kolodziejová and Jesika Malečková were the defending champions but both players chose to participate with different partners. Kolodziejová partnered with Anastasia Dețiuc, but lost in the first round to Sada Nahimana and Alexandra Osborne. Malečková partnered alongside Vera Lapko, but lost in the semifinals to Elixane Lechemia and Julia Lohoff.
Lechemia and Lohoff went on to win the title, defeating Linda Klimovičová and Dominika Šalková in the final, 7–5, 7–5.

## Seeds

* Andrea Gámiz / Eva Vedder (first round)
* Elixane Lechemia / Julia Lohoff (champions)
* Anastasia Dețiuc / Miriam Kolodziejová (first round)
* María Lourdes Carlé / Despina Papamichail (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Gámiz E Vedder | 6$^4$ | 7$^7$ | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Laboutková J Marková | 7$^7$ | 6$^2$ | [10] | | A Laboutková J Marková | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Gjorcheska D Herdželaš | 6 | 6 | | | L Gjorcheska D Herdželaš | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | N Břečková I Šebestová | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | L Gjorcheska D Herdželaš | 6 | 3 | [3] | | | | |
| 3 | A Dețiuc M Kolodziejová | 3 | 4 | | | | | | WC | L Klimovičová D Šalková | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | S Nahimana A Osborne | 6 | 6 | | | S Nahimana A Osborne | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Fomina-Klotz A Komardina | 2 | 6$^6$ | | WC | L Klimovičová D Šalková | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | L Klimovičová D Šalková | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | | | | | WC | L Klimovičová D Šalková | 5 | 5 |
| WC | T Valentová K Vlčková | 3 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | 2 | E Lechemia J Lohoff | 7 | 7 |
| | S Sakellaridi C Scholl | 6 | 4 | [10] | | S Sakellaridi C Scholl | 4 | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Lapko J Malečková | 6 | 6 | | | V Lapko J Malečková | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | ML Carlé D Papamichail | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | V Lapko J Malečková | 3 | 7$^7$ | [8] | | | | |
| | F Kozaki M Matsuda | 6 | 6$^1$ | [10] | | | | | 2 | E Lechemia J Lohoff | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | | | |
| | A Bozovic I Haverlag | 1 | 7$^7$ | [8] | | F Kozaki M Matsuda | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Hennemann N Zeballos | 3 | 1 | | 2 | E Lechemia J Lohoff | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | E Lechemia J Lohoff | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2022 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres event at the 2022 African Championships in Athletics was held on 8 June in Port Louis, Mauritius.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Mogos Tuemay | Ethiopia | 29:19.01 |
| | Chimdessa Debele | Ethiopia | 29:22.74 |
| | Abraham Longosiwa | Kenya | 29:23.02 |
| 4 | Julius Kipkwony | Kenya | 29:24.41 |
| 5 | Mulat Bazezew | Ethiopia | 29:34.51 |
| 6 | Yves Nimubona | Rwanda | 29:39.44 |
| 7 | Mbuleli Mathanga | South Africa | 29:40.86 |
| 8 | Elroy Gelant | South Africa | 29:41.40 |
| 9 | Djamal Abdi Dirieh | Djibouti | 29:42.69 |
| 10 | Moumin Bouh Guelleh | Djibouti | 29:57.43 |
| 11 | Ali Chebures | Uganda | 30:27.66 |
| 12 | Tebello Ramakongoana | Lesotho | 30:47.40 |
| | Alex Kambale | Democratic Republic of the Congo | DNS |
| | François Musafiri | Democratic Republic of the Congo | DNS |
| | Toka Badboy | Lesotho | DNS |
| | Mohamed Fares | Morocco | DNS |
| | Yousif Musa | Sudan | DNS |
| | Joseph Panga | Tanzania | DNS |
# 2022 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles

The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 2022 African Championships in Athletics was held on 8 and 9 June in Port Louis, Mauritius.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Tobi Amusan Nigeria | Ebony Morrison Liberia | Marione Fourie South Africa |

## Results
### Heats

Qualification: First 3 of each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
Wind: Heat 1: +3.1 m/s, Heat 2: +2.5 m/s
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Tobi Amusan | Nigeria | 12.63 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Marione Fourie | South Africa | 12.82 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Ebony Morrison | Liberia | 12.86 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Ashley Miller | Zimbabwe | 13.15 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Marthe Koala | Burkina Faso | 13.22 | q |
| 6 | 1 | Fiadanantsoa Sidonie | Madagascar | 13.44 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | Charlize Eilerd | South Africa | 13.59 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | Lina Gaber | Egypt | 13.85 | q |
| 9 | 2 | Joy Abu | Nigeria | 13.85 | |
| 10 | 2 | Priscilla Tabunda | Kenya | 13.88 | |
| 11 | 1 | Marzaan Loots | South Africa | 13.90 | |
| 12 | 2 | Madina Touré | Burkina Faso | 13.99 | |
| 13 | 1 | Alemitu Assefa | Ethiopia | 14.46 | |
| 14 | 2 | Hirphe Dirbsa | Ethiopia | 14.73 | |
| | 1 | Miracle Thompson | Nigeria | DNS | |

### Final

Wind: +4.0 m/s
| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | 5 | Tobi Amusan | Nigeria | 12.57 |
| | 4 | Ebony Morrison | Liberia | 12.77 |
| | 6 | Marione Fourie | South Africa | 12.93 |
| 4 | 1 | Marthe Koala | Burkina Faso | 12.99 |
| 5 | 7 | Ashley Miller | Zimbabwe | 13.30 |
| 6 | 3 | Sidonie Fiadanantsoa | Madagascar | 13.49 |
| 7 | 8 | Charlize Eilerd | South Africa | 13.99 |
| | 2 | Lina Gaber | Egypt | DNF |
# 2023 Italian Athletics Indoor Championships

2023 Italian Athletics Indoor Championships is the 55th edition of the Italian Athletics Indoor Championships held in Ancona.

## Champions

| Event | Men | Performance | Women | Performance |
| 60 m | Samuele Ceccarelli | 6.54 PB | Gloria Hooper | 7.31 SB |
| 400 m | Riccardo Meli | 46.58 | Ayomide Folorunso | 52.28 PB |
| 800 m | Catalin Tecuceanu | 1:45.99 PB | Eloisa Coiro | 2:03.55 |
| 1500 m | Pietro Arese | 3:48.07 | Ludovica Cavalli | 4:08.00 PB |
| 3000 m | Ossama Meslek | 7:52.90 | Ludovica Cavalli | 9:14.25 |
| Relay 4x2 rounds | CUS Pro Patria Milano Francesco Rossi Andrea Blesio Luca Sito Andrea Panassidi | 3:13.40 | CUS Pro Patria Milano Ilaria Burattin Serena Troiani Alexandra Troiani Virginia Troiani | 3:39.84 |
| 60 m hs | Lorenzo Simonelli | 7.66 U23NR | Nicla Mosetti [it] | 8.04 PB |
| 5000/3000 m race walk | Francesco Fortunato | 18:37.63 PB | Alexandrina Mihai | 12:51.73 PB |
| High jump | Stefano Sottile | 2.26 m | Elena Vallortigara | 1.90 m |
| Pole vault | Matteo Oliveri | 5.43 m | Roberta Bruni | 4.62 m NR |
| Long jump | Filippo Randazzo | 7.68 m | Larissa Iapichino | 6.53 m |
| Triple jump | Tobia Bocchi | 16.83 m SB | Dariya Derkach | 14.12 m |
| Shot put | Leonardo Fabbri | 21.60 m PB | Monia Cantarella | 15.96 m PB |
| Combined events (heptahlon/pentathlon) | Lorenzo Naidon [it] | 5714 pts SB | Sveva Gerevini | 4411 pts SB |
Note:
* Full results.
# 2023 Istanbul Challenger – Doubles

Purav Raja and Divij Sharan were the defending champions but only Sharan chose to defend his title, partnering Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha. Sharan lost in the first round to Altuğ Çelikbilek and Cem İlkel.
Luke Johnson and Skander Mansouri won the title after defeating Sander Arends and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan / John-Patrick Smith (semifinals)
* Patrik Niklas-Salminen / Bart Stevens (semifinals)
* Sander Arends / Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi (final)
* Luke Johnson / Skander Mansouri (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Nedunchezhiyan J-P Smith | 7$^{15}$ | 7$^{10}$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Copil VV Cornea | 6$^{13}$ | 6$^8$ | | 1 | J Nedunchezhiyan J-P Smith | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Kaliyanda Poonacha D Sharan | 7$^7$ | 5 | [7] | | A Çelikbilek C İlkel | 0$^r$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Çelikbilek C İlkel | 6$^1$ | 7 | [10] | | | | | 1 | J Nedunchezhiyan J-P Smith | 3 | 7 | [9] | | | | |
| 3 | S Arends A-u-H Qureshi | 3 | 6 | [11] | | | | | 3 | S Arends A-u-H Qureshi | 6 | 5 | [11] | | | | |
| | D Cukierman J Paris | 6 | 3 | [9] | 3 | S Arends A-u-H Qureshi | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| PR | M Gengel David Poljak | 6 | 5 | [7] | | J de Jong M Hermans | 4 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | |
| | J de Jong Mats Hermans | 3 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | S Arends A-u-H Qureshi | 6$^3$ | 3 |
| | S-c Hong S-w Kwon | 7$^7$ | 5 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 4 | L Johnson S Mansouri | 7$^7$ | 6 |
| | J Monday S Walków | 6$^4$ | 7 | [8] | | S-c Hong S-w Kwon | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Orlov D Yevseyev | 1 | 6 | [3] | 4 | L Johnson S Mansouri | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | L Johnson S Mansouri | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | 4 | L Johnson S Mansouri | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | S Ağabigün E Kırkın | 7 | 3 | [10] | | | | | 2 | P Niklas-Salminen B Stevens | 4 | 4 | | | | | |
| WC | Y Erel K Kırcı | 5 | 6 | [6] | WC | S Ağabigün E Kırkın | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Klein I Zelenay | 4 | 7$^7$ | [10] | 2 | P Niklas-Salminen B Stevens | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | P Niklas-Salminen B Stevens | 6 | 6$^2$ | [12] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Highwire (protein)

Highwire (Hiw) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein associated with neuromuscular junction growth. It is frequently studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Its known orthologs are PAM, RPM-1, and PHR-1.
# Ernocornutina

Ernocornutina is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Ernocornutina gambra Razowski, 1988
# James Thomas Humberstone

James Thomas Humberstone (8 July 1850 – 12 June 1939) was an English chemical engineer. In 1872, he founded the Peru Nitrate Company to extract saltpetre in the Tarapacá Province of Peru (now part of the Tarapacá Region of Chile). He introduced the Shanks System and other innovations to the industry.
The mining town of Humberstone now forms part of the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, now abandoned, they were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.

## Life

Humberstone was born in Dover, England. His maternal grandfather, Edward S. G. Hopkins (1778–1859), had been director of the band of the Scots Guards. His father Decimus worked as a post office mail guard.
His family moved to London when he was young. Humberstone worked for the London and North Western Railway when he was 17. Later, he joined the Royal School of Mines in London.
When he was 25, he was hired by The Tarapaca Nitrate Company and moved to South America. Humberstone arrived at the Peruvian port of Pisagua on 6 January 1875, where he commenced working as a chemist and engineer.
In 1878 he implemented the Shanks system to make sodium carbonate. He also made other changes such as the transfer of waste water to avoid losing the materials in the rock.
In 1879, as part of the War of the Pacific, the Chilean army landed in Pisagua, and consequently, many office workers went to the Pampa for safety. Humberstone, his wife, his mother and his two daughters went with them. When they got to Tarapaca, the governor said they should go to Arica because the Chilean military was approaching. They crossed the desert because they did not want to be near the coast. It took them twenty days to get to Arica. When the war ended, and Tarapaca became part of Chile, Humberstone returned to his mining business.
In 1936, he became a member of the Order of the British Empire in Edward VIII's Birthday Honours. Humberstone died in Iquique on 12 June 1939 and is buried in the British Cemetery, Tiliviche, Chile.
# Jean Talouzian

Jean Talouzian is a Lebanese politician who has served as member of parliament since 2018. He was a member of the parliamentary bloc, the Strong Republic.
# 2022 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's invitation doubles

The 2022 Wimbledon championships of tennis featured the 31st edition of the gentlemen's invitational doubles event, an exhibition event pitting former professional tennis players against one another.
Frenchmen Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the round robin competition.
Bob and Mike Bryan won the title, defeating Xavier Malisse and Marcos Baghdatis in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

## Format

Sixteen former professional tennis players competed in a round-robin stage in pairs of two distributed over two groups. The winners of each group faced each other in the final.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Final

| Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| A1 | Xavier Malisse Marcos Baghdatis | 3 | 4 | |
| B1 | Bob Bryan Mike Bryan | 6 | 6 | |

### Group A

| | | Malisse Baghdatis | Blake Nestor | Clément Llodra | Haas Philippoussis | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| A1 | Xavier Malisse Marcos Baghdatis | | 6–2, 7–6$^{(11–9)}$ | 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, [10–7] | 2–6, 6–4, [10–6] | 3–0 | 6–2 | 32–30 | 1 |
| A2 | James Blake Daniel Nestor | 2–6, 6–7$^{(9–11)}$ | | 3–6, 4–6 | 1–6, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$ | 0–3 | 0–6 | 22–38 | 4 |
| A3 | Arnaud Clément Michaël Llodra | 6–2, 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, [7–10] | 6–3, 6–4 | | 4–6, 5–7 | 1–2 | 3–4 | 33–30 | 3 |
| A4 | Tommy Haas Mark Philippoussis | 6–2, 4–6, [6–10] | 6–1, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ | 6–4, 7–5 | | 2–1 | 5–2 | 36–25 | 2 |

### Group B

| | | Bryan Bryan | González Grosjean | Marray Nielsen | Melzer Müller | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| B1 | Bob Bryan Mike Bryan | | 6–4, 6–4 | 6–4, 6–4 | 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–2 | 3–0 | 6–0 | 37–24 | 1 |
| B2 | Fernando González Sebastien Grosjean | 4–6, 4–6 | | 6–3, 7–5 | 7–5, 2–6, [4–10] | 1–2 | 3–4 | 30–32 | 3 |
| B3 | Jonathan Marray Frederik Nielsen | 4–6, 4–6 | 3–6, 5–7 | | 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, 4–6 | 0–3 | 0–6 | 26–38 | 4 |
| B4 | Jürgen Melzer Gilles Müller | 6-7$^{(7–5)}$, 2-6 | 5–7, 6–2, [10–4] | 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–4 | | 2–1 | 4–3 | 33–32 | 2 |
# James R. Stein

James R. Stein is an American screenwriter and television producer. For his work on The Carol Burnett Show and the 1973 comedy special Lily, Stein has won two Primetime Emmy Awards.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1973 | Sanford and Son | Writer, 3 episodes |
| 1973 | Lily (special) | Writer |
| 1976–1977 | One Day at a Time | Writer, 2 episodes |
| 1976–1977 | What's Happening!! | Writer, 2 episodes |
| 1977–1979 | Fernwood 2 Night | Writer, 39 episodes |
| 1978-1979 | America 2-Night | Writer, 65 episodes |
| 1977-79 | The Carol Burnett Show | Writer, 24 episodes |
| 1979–1980 | A New Kind of Family | Writer, 3 episodes |
| 1980–1981 | Flo | Writer, 8 episodes Producer, 48 episodes |
| 1981–1983 | Private Benjamin | Writer, 2 episodes Producer, 13 episodes |
| 1982–1986 | Silver Spoons | Writer, 19 episodes Executive Producer, 24 episodes Supervising Producer, 48 episodes |
| 1984–1985 | Double Trouble | Writer, 2 episodes |
| 1986 | The Motown Revue Starring Smokey Robinson | Writer, 6 episodes Executive Producer, 6 episodes |
| 1990-1991 | Amen | Writer, 5 episodes Executive Producer, 24 episodes |
| 1993–1995 | Family Matters | Writer, 3 episodes |
| 1994-1996 | Nightstand with Dick Dietrick | Writer, 96 episodes Executive Producer |
| 2000–2002 | Son of the Beach | Writer, 36 episodes Executive producer, 40 episodes |
# James Sully

James Sully (3 March 1842 – 1 November 1923) was an English psychologist, philosopher and writer.

## Biography

James Sully was born at Bridgwater, Somerset, the son of J. W. Sully, a liberal Baptist merchant and ship-owner. He was educated at the Independent College in Taunton, Regent's Park College, at the University of Göttingen, where he studied under Hermann Lotze, and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he studied under Emil du Bois-Reymond and Hermann von Helmholtz.
Sully was originally destined for the nonconformist ministry and in 1869 became classical tutor at the Baptist College, Pontypool. In 1871, however, he adopted a literary and philosophic career. Between 1892 and 1903, he was Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic at University College London, where he was succeeded by Carveth Read.
An adherent of the associationist school of psychology, his views had great affinity with those of Alexander Bain. Sully wrote monographs on subjects such as pessimism, and psychology textbooks, some of the first in English, including The Human Mind (1892). His 1881 Illusions was commended by both Freud and Wundt.
Sully opened an experimental psychology laboratory at University College London in January 1898 and in 1901 was a founding member of the British Psychological Society.
Sully died in Richmond, Surrey on 1 November 1923.

## Works
### Books

* Sensation and Intuition (1874)
* Pessimism (1877)
* Illusions (1881; 4th ed., 1895)
* Outlines of Psychology (1884; many editions)
* Teacher's Handbook of Psychology (1886)
* Studies of Childhood (1896)
* Children's Ways (1897)
* An Essay on Laughter (1902)
* Italian Travel Sketches (1912)
* My Life and Friends (1918)

### Selected articles

* "The Æsthetics of Human Character", in: The Fortnightly Review, Vol. XV, 1871.
* "Aesthetics", in: Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th edition, 1875–1889; republished online at 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
# Jan Ceton

Jan Ceton (13 May 1875, Bodegraven – 21 January 1943, Amerongen) was a Dutch left-wing politician involved with both the Social Democratic Workers' Party and the Communist Party of the Netherlands. Ceton is best known as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party, which later provided the core of the Communist Party of the Netherlands.

## Background

His father, Huijg Ceton, was descended from an English or Scottish soldier who had been stationed in Schoonhoven around 1620. His family were convinced they were descended from Huguenots and turned the name into 'Seton' or 'Ceton'. They traditionally worked as coppersmiths. His mother, Maria Sterk, came from a family of artisans and farmers. However Ceton's father broke with tradition becoming a teacher at the public primary school in Bodegraven.
Ceton decided to follow his father into teaching. In September 1890 he enrolled as a student at the Dutch National School for Teachers in Haarlem. Although he was considered one of the best youngsters of his year he failed to get his teaching certificate as a primary school teacher in April 1894. In October he successfully retook the exams and started in January 1895 as a teacher at the public primary school in Alphen aan den Rijn. By studying in his spare time he gained full qualifications as of teacher in October 1898. Then on 1 June 1899 he was employed as a schoolteacher at School 130 Amsterdam, later Kastanjeplein school in Oosterparkbuurt.

## Approach to pedagogy

As a young teacher, Ceton opposed too strong an emphasis on book wisdom. He took the school children on long nature walks advocated this form of pedagogy during meetings of teachers from the Oude Rijn area. He wrote about butterflies for the magazine De Levende Natuur (Living Nature) of Eli Heimans, Jasper Jaspers and Jac. P. Thijsse. This interest nature led him to resist the existing form of Christian education, and more generally the social relations in society. The Calvinist dominance in the local area led the municipalities to marginalize public primary education.
His friend, C. Bijkerk, a teacher in Oudshoorn and later an activist with the Social Democratic Workers' Party, publicly campaigned against this in the local magazine De Rijnbode, also exposing the deplorable social conditions of the working class. Ceton became departmental secretary of the Nederlandsch Onderwijzers Genootschap (Dutch Education Association).