OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eba Island Conservation Park

Eba Island Conservation Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia. It comprises 134 hectares (330 acres) of land, proclaimed in 1972 to conserve island habitat within Streaky Bay and sea bird breeding colonies. Eba Island is located 700 metres (2,300 feet) offshore and 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) south of Perlubie Hill. It is entirely composed of calcarenite, often overlaid with a limestone capping.

## Nomenclature

Eba Island may have been named after a clerk in the South Australian Department of Lands or after an acquaintance of Governor MacDonnell.

## Geography

On the south-western, more exposed flanks of the island, waves have undercut the wall and carved blowholes, scalloped ridges and blades of jagged rock into the limestone. On the better-protected northern sides the calcarenite bed is softened by sandy coves, with rock appearing through as headlands.

## Flora and fauna

Creeping Boobialla (Myoporum parvifolium) is found on Eba Island and is listed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 as Rare. The island is also infested with the introduced African Boxthorn. Red fox tracks have been found on Eba Island. A connecting sandbar at low tide allows terrestrial animals to cross from the mainland to the island.
A species list of flora and fauna can be found in the Island Parks of Western Eyre Peninsula Management Plan.

## History

The island was once used for agriculture. An abandoned house and several broken fence lines are testaments to the endeavor's failure. Native vegetation is slowly reclaiming the cleared grasslands. The island was proclaimed a Fauna Reserve in 1966. Eba Island conservation park was constituted by statute in 1972 and is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area.
# Echinocereus nicholii

Echinocereus nicholii is a species of cactus native to Mexico.

## Description

Echinocereus nicholii forms large, loose groups of up to 30 upright, cylindrical shoots from the base. These shoots are 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) long and 5 to 7 cm (2.0 to 2.8 in) in diameter, with 10 to 13 non-tuberculated ribs. The plant features strikingly long central spines that are glassy white or golden yellow. There are typically 2 to 6 (rarely up to 11) straight and stiff central spines, with the lowest being 5 to 6.2 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in) long. The 8 to 12 (sometimes up to 18) marginal spines are spreading, straight, and 0.8 to 1.2 cm (0.31 to 0.47 in) long.
The funnel-shaped flowers are red to blood red, appearing on the upper half of the shoots. They are 5 to 6.2 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in) long and have a similar diameter. The initially green, egg-shaped fruits turn red and are covered with falling thorns.

## Distribution

Echinocereus nicholii is found in the southeastern state of Arizona, USA in the Silverbell mountains near Tucson to Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and the state of Sonora, Mexico. It thrives in xeric scrublands on limestone and basaltic soils at elevations of 300 to 900 meters above sea level. Plants are found growing with Carnegiea gigantea, Ferocactus cylindraceus, Ferocactus emoryi, Cochemiea grahamii, Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa, Stenocereus thurberi, and sometimes Sclerocactus johnsonii subsp. erectocentrus.

## Taxonomy

Originally described as Echinocereus engelmannii var. nicholii by Lyman David Benson in 1944, the specific epithet honors American biologist Andrew Alexander Nichol. Bruce Dale Parfitt reclassified it as a distinct species in the genus Echinocereus in 1987.
# Echinocereus parkeri

Echinocereus parkeri is a species of cactus native to Mexico.

## Description

Echinocereus parkeri grows in compact cushions or open groups with many shoots. The shoots, which are tapered or cylindrical, can reach up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in length and 2 to 6 cm (0.79 to 2.36 in) in diameter. They have six to ten tuberculated ribs. The one to eight central spines, initially dark but soon turning glassy white to yellowish, range from 2 to 6.5 cm (0.79 to 2.56 in) long. The six to 18 slender, mostly glassy radialal spines are 0.7 to 1.2 cm (0.28 to 0.47 in) long. The funnel-shaped flowers are magenta to deep pink with a white throat. They appear near the tips of the shoots, measuring 4.5 to 5.5 cm (1.8 to 2.2 in) in length and 4.5 to 6 cm (1.8 to 2.4 in) in diameter. The green, spherical fruits have white flesh and are covered with falling, glassy white spines.

### Subspecies

Accepted subspecies:
* Echinocereus parkeri subsp. arteagensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange
* Echinocereus parkeri subsp. gonzalezii (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor
* Echinocereus parkeri subsp. mazapilensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange
* Echinocereus parkeri subsp. parkeri

## Distribution

Echinocereus parkeri is found growing in the Chihuahuan Desert in the Mexican states of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas at elevations of 1450 to 1900 meters. Plants are found growing among Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. rubrograndis and Mammillaria glassii.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Nigel Paul Taylor in 1988. The specific epithet "parkeri" honors David Parker, the founder of the British "Echinocereus Reference Collection."
# Echinocereus pamanesii

Echinocereus pamanesii is a species of cactus native to Mexico.

## Description

Echinocereus pamanesii usually grows solitary. The dark green cylindrical shoots are up to 35 cm (14 in) long and have a diameter of 8 cm (3.1 in) with twelve to 19 ribs. The up to two protruding to spreading central spines, which can also be missing, are brownish. They are up to 1.7 cm (0.67 in) long. The nine to twelve yellowish to whitish radial spines lie on the surface of the shoot and are up to 1 cm (0.39 in) long.
The funnel-shaped flowers are deep pink and have a whitish throat. They appear well below the shoot tips, are up to 9 centimeters long and reach the same diameter. The egg-shaped brownish green fruits are woolly and have thorns.

## Distribution

Echinocereus pamanesii is found in the Mexican state of Zacatecas.

## Taxonomy

The first description by Alfred Bernhard Lau [de] was published in 1981. The specific epithet "pamanesii" honors the Mexican politician General Fernando Pámanes Escobedo, a former governor of the state of Zacatecas, who supported Alfred Bernhard Lau on his travels.
# Eddie McAteer

Edward Gerard McAteer (25 June 1914 – 25 March 1986) was an Irish nationalist politician from Northern Ireland. He was born in Coatbridge, Scotland, to Hugh McAteer and Brigid McAteer (née O'Doherty). McAteer's family moved to Derry in Northern Ireland while he was young. In 1930 he joined the Inland Revenue, where he worked until 1944. He then became an accountant and more actively involved in politics. While his brother, Hugh, became a prominent Irish republican in the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Sinn Féin, Eddie chose constitutional nationalist politics. He was elected as the Nationalist Party Member of Parliament for Mid Londonderry in the 1945 Northern Ireland general election. He was co-founder of the Irish Anti-Partition League, founded in 1946, and became its vice chairman in 1947, then its chairman in 1953.
In 1952, McAteer was elected to Londonderry Corporation, and the following year he switched to represent Foyle in the Northern Ireland House of Commons. He left the city council in 1958 and became deputy leader of the Nationalist Party at Stormont. McAteer became prominent in the campaign calling for the establishment of a university in Derry.
In 1964, he became the leader of the Nationalist Party. The following year he accepted the post of Leader of the Opposition thereby conferring de facto recognition of the Northern Irish government (by Nationalists) for the first time. Several years later he lost his seat in the 1969 Northern Ireland general election to John Hume. In his early career, he had published Irish Action, a blueprint for civil disobedience; however, he repeatedly called for moderation throughout the civil rights campaign.
In the 1970 United Kingdom general election, McAteer stood in Londonderry on the Unity slate, taking 36.6% of the vote. He again contested Londonderry in the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973 election, taking only 3,712 votes and narrowly missing being elected. With the ascendancy of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, the Nationalist Party was in disarray. McAteer took his remaining supporters into the Irish Independence Party in 1978, in which his son Fergus became prominent.
# Ecsenius tigris

Ecsenius tigris, known commonly as the tiger blenny in Australia, is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in the western Pacific ocean, specifically the western Coral Sea. It can reach a maximum length of 5 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds, and are commercial aquarium fish.
# Ecsenius tessera

Ecsenius tessera is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean, around Vanuatu. It can reach a maximum length of 4.5 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds.
# Edmonton—Sherwood Park

Edmonton—Sherwood Park may refer to either of two electoral districts in Canada:
* Edmonton—Sherwood Park (federal electoral district)
* Edmonton-Sherwood Park (provincial electoral district)
# Edith Badham

Edith Annesley Badham (6 December 1853 – 17 May 1920) was an Australian educator and headmistress of the Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School in Darlinghurst, New South Wales (a suburb of Sydney), now known as SCEGGS Darlinghurst.

## Early life

Badham was born in England in Louth, Lincolnshire. She was the oldest daughter of Reverend Charles Badham and his first wife, Julia Matilda (née Smith). She went to school in Dinant, France, where she was taught by her father, who recognised her gift for languages as a student.
In 1867, the family moved to Sydney, where her father was a Professor of Classics and Principal of the University of Sydney. Although women were not allowed to attend university, she studied all the subjects on the arts course and became so proficient that she helped her father in his work and corrected examination papers alongside him. In 1883–84, she looked after her brother's house in Tenterfield.

## Role as educator

Badham was very religious, and was a member of a provisional committee set up by the Church of England which was formed to establish a high school for girls under the aegis of the Church for a nominal salary amid a nationwide economic depression. The Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School in Darlinghurst, New South Wales (a suburb of Sydney) was officially opened on 17 July 1895 in the presence of six bishops and with only one pupil.
Like her father, Edith saw education as a tool to develop discipline and strong character. In particular, she focused on the teaching of classical languages such as Latin and Greek; however, the curriculum also included a wide variety of courses. In an article in Cosmos Magazine written in April 1895, she condemned Australian literature as being inferior to classical European literature.
In 1896, the school moved to larger premises at Potts Point. A kindergarten was opened in 1900, and the school moved again to larger premises at Barham, Forbes Street. She became headmistress when branch schools were opened at Bowral in 1906 and North Sydney in 1911.
The school was registered with the Department of Public Instruction of New South Wales in 1914. However, in an annual prize-giving ceremony of that year, she said how she wanted to withdraw the school from the Department as she believed that the public school curriculum contained too many books for women to read.
Badham died in 1920. She was succeeded in the same year by Dorothy Irene Wilkinson.

## Personal views and writing

Badham's views on education and social thinking have been described as conservative; for example, she was an anti-suffragist (arguing against women's right to vote in The Brisbane Courier in 1895), and argued that motherhood and marriage were the highest developments of women's nature, a theme her schooling instilled into its pupils. Her views were widely held by the population at large, and her school flourished.
# Edith Baird

Edith Elina Helen (Winter-Wood) Baird (22 February 1859 – 1 February 1924) was a chess composer who in her day was the most prolific composer of chess problems in the world. She published under her married name as Mrs. W. J. Baird and was sometimes referred to in the press as the "Queen of Chess".

## Early years and family

Edith Elina Helen Winter-Wood was born in Boulogne in France, the daughter of Thomas Winter-Wood, a writer, and Eliza Ann (Sole) Winter-Wood. She learned to play chess early in life as her father, her mother, and her older brothers Edward and Carslake were all either amateur or tournament-level chess players.
In 1880 she married William James Baird, Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets for the Royal Navy. They settled in Brighton, where their only child, Lilian Edith, was born. Lilian also went on to become a chess composer.

## Chess composition

In the mid 1880s, Baird started composing chess problems and within a few years had gained a reputation in the field. In 1888, she took third prize in a Sheffield chess-composition tournament, the first of over two dozen subsequent prizes. Her most celebrated success came in 1893 when she won an international chess-composition tournament against a number of the most notable chess composers of the day. She became the most prolific composer of chess problems in the world, with over 2000 problems to her credit. These were published in newspapers such as the Times of London. Some of these are still considered sound, many are considered elegant, and some are novelties such as letter problems, in which chess pieces have to form the shapes of letters.
Baird published two books of her problems: Seven Hundred Chess Problems (1902) and The Twentieth Century Retractor (1907). The first book took her 14 years to complete.
As a chess player herself, Baird won the Sussex Ladies Championship in 1897 and a silver medal in the tournament three times.
# Ed Stein (footballer)

Edwin Stein (born 28 September 1955) is an English former professional football player and coach.

## Playing career

Stein, who played as a midfielder, started his career at Edgware Town alongside his brother Brian, before the pair were signed to Luton Town in November 1977. Ed stayed at Luton for seven months before leaving due to a lack of playing time, returning to non-league football alongside working for the Liberal Party. He played non-league football for Dagenham, before making one appearance in the Football League for Barnet during the 1991–1992 season.
Stein made over 500 appearances for Barnet between 1982 and 1993, making his debut on 14 August 1982 in a 1–0 defeat at Bangor City in the Alliance Premier League in the following line up; Gary Lewin, Tony Bennett, Pat Kruse, Alan Garner, Mike Pittaway, Edwin Stein, Ronnie Howell, Gary Sargent, Steve Ragan, Stuart Atkins and Colin Barnes. Sub Peter Robinson.
Stein was voted Player of the Season at Underhill in 1988-89 by the BFC Supporters Association

## Coaching career

Stein retired from professional footballer in 1992 to become manager at Barnet; at the time he was just one of two black managers in the country, alongside Keith Alexander. Stein resigned from Barnet in July 1993 in order to become Assistant Manager at Southend United, under former colleague Barry Fry. He later became manager of non-league side Harrow Borough, leaving that position in November 2003 after three-and-a-half years.
Stein took over as manager of Southern Premier Division side Banbury United in September 2012. He resigned in August 2014.

## Personal life

His brothers Brian and Mark were also professional footballers. The Stein brothers were born in South Africa, and arrived in the United Kingdom in 1968 when their father Isaiah Stein, an activist with the African National Congress and former boxer, fled the country to escape police persecution and torture for his political activities. Isaiah continued his activism in Britain, serving as a member of the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee.

## Managerial statistics

    As of 19 November 2010
| Team | From | To | Matches | Won | Drawn | Lost | Win % |
| Barnet | 1 April 1992 | 30 June 1993 | 54 | 27 | 13 | 14 | 050.00 |
# Education Consolidation and Improvement Act

The 1981 Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), significantly deregulating education in the United States and shifting a number of responsibilities back to the state level. As part of the Reagan administration’s Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981, this act curtailed federal intervention and funding for domestic social causes while expanding the role of state and local government in administering education. This deregulation is symbolized by the reduced size of Title I, which was reduced from 75 pages to just 14.
According to the National School Boards Association, ECIA said little of classroom instruction and provided little incentives to experiment or innovate their practice. Part of the problem was that EICA was passed very quickly and its development was based on little legislative history. By 1983, the influential A Nation at Risk report moved the debate around ECIA away from fiscal compliance and toward program excellence school improvement, and student achievement. The subsequent Hawkins-Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Act of 1988 had this missing emphasis, by formally encouraging “program improvement” from the states.
Federal funding for education was cut by over $1 billion. Title I, which was renamed Chapter I under ECIA, allocated $3.034 billion in FY 1982 from the federal government’s budget to support education. Most of these funds were distributed via formula grants to local education agencies; state educational agencies only received a small amount of funding. Chapter II funds amounted to $456 million in FY 1982 and were paid out to state education agencies depending on their school-age populations. 80 percent of Chapter II funds were then distributed to local educational agencies on the basis of three major areas: basic skills development, educational improvement and support services, and special projects. The remaining 20 percent of Chapter II funds were allocated by the state to cover expenditures related to curriculum development, training, planning, technical assistance, administration, monitoring, and enforcement activities. Finally, Chapter III specified the Secretary of Education’s power to issue regulations.
# Eduard Müller (philologist)

Eduard Müller (born in Brieg, 12 November 1804; died in Liegnitz, 30 November 1875) was a German educator and philologist.

## Biography

From 1821 he studied theology and philology at the University of Breslau, where he was a pupil of Franz Passow, then in 1823 relocated to the University of Göttingen as a student of Georg Ludolf Dissen and Karl Christian Friedrich Krause. He later worked as a teacher in Ratibor, where he eventually attained the post of prorector. From 1841 he served in the same capacity at the gymnasium in Liegnitz, receiving the title of professor in 1846.

## Works

* Geschichte der Theorie der Kunst bei den Alten (History of the theory of art among the ancients; 2 volumes, Breslau, 1834–37) – considered to be his main work.
* Ueber Sophokleische Naturanschauung, 1842 – On Sophocles' view of nature.
* Simson und Delilah (1853), a tragedy.
* Karl Otfried Müller's kleine deutsche Schriften über Religion, Kunst, Sprache und Literatur, Leben und Geschichte des Alterthums gesammelt (2 volumes 1847–48, 2nd edition 1857) – A collection of smaller writings by his brother, Karl Otfried Müller, on religion, art, language, literature and the history of antiquity (edited by Eduard Müller).
* Parallelen zu den Messianischen Weissagungen und Typen des Alten Testaments aus dem hellenischen Alterthum, 1875.

## Family

* His brother Karl Otfried Müller was a noted archaeologist, and another brother, Julius Müller, was a Protestant theologian.
# Edmundian orogeny

The Edmundian orogeny is a preserved low-grade reworking of sedimentary to metasedimentary rocks in the Gascoyne Complex of Western Australia from 1.68 billion to 1.46 billion years ago.
# Edward Ellis Hughes

Edward Ellis Hughes (1940-2017) was an American painter. He was born in Philadelphia in 1940. He attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Cheyney University of Pennsylvania where he earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree.
His work has been described as abstract, containing symbols from black American and Haitian culture. His work was included in the 2015 exhibition We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s–1970s at the Woodmere Art Museum.
His work is in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. He also created a ceramic tile installation for the 56th Street elevated subway station of the SEPTA.
# Edward Nicholls (captain)

Edward Nicholls (fl. 1617) was an English sea captain.

## Biography

Nicholls in 1616 commanded the Dolphin of London, of about 220 tons, trading to the Levant. She had 19 guns, mostly small, 5 murderers or swivels, and a crew, all told, of 38 men and boys. On 1 January 1616–17 she left Zante, homeward bound, with a full cargo, and on the 12th, being then off the south end of Sardinia, she fell in with a squadron of five Turkish men-of-war, probably of Algiers, all large ships, heavily armed and full of men, and three of them commanded by Englishmen, whose names are given as Walsingham, Kelly, and Sampson. The fight that followed between these pirates and the Dolphin was one of the most remarkable that have been recorded. Over and over again the Turks attempted to board the Dolphin; two or three times they even succeeded in doing so: but the heavy fire kept up from the Dolphin's round-house and close fights forced the enemy to retire with great loss. The Turkish ships were raked through and through, and towards night they drew off, in evident distress, and having lost, it was supposed, a great many men. The Dolphin, too, had suffered a good deal of damage, with seven killed and nine wounded. The next day she put in to Cagliari, where she refitted and buried her dead. On 20 February she sailed for England, and arrived in the Thames without further hindrance. Of Nicholls nothing more seems to be known.