OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guan De

Guan De (Chinese: 管德; 12 July 1932 – 9 January 2018) was a Chinese aeroelasticity engineer and aircraft designer. He participated in the design and development of the Shenyang JJ-1 jet trainer and the Shenyang J-8 and J8-II interceptors. He served as Chief Engineer and Vice President of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and professor of Beihang University. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Guan was born 12 July 1932 in Beiping (now Beijing), Republic of China. His father, Yin Fengming (尹凤鸣), was educated in Japan, taught at the Baoding Military Academy, and held the rank of major general. Because of Japanese invasion of China, Guan did not go to school and was educated at home until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the war, he entered Beijing No. 5 High School and then the Department of Aeronautics of Tsinghua University.
After graduating from Tsinghua in 1952, he was assigned to work at the Bureau of Aviation Industry under the Second Ministry of Machine Building. In August 1956, Guan was transferred to the newly established Aircraft Design Office of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (then known as the 112 Factory), where he worked under director Xu Shunshou and deputy directors Ye Zhengda and Huang Zhiqian. He was one of the key engineers who designed the Shenyang JJ-1 jet trainer.
Guan De was the first person in China to study aeroelasticity. When the 601 Institute of the Ministry of National Defense was established in 1961, Guan was named the head of its aeroelasticity group. Beginning in 1964, he participated in the design of the Shenyang J-8 interceptor fighter aircraft. He was later promoted to Vice President of the 601 Institute.
In September 1982, Guan was appointed Chief Engineer and Vice President of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. He was the on-site director of the Shenyang J-8II interceptor, working with chief designer Gu Songfen.
In 1985, Guan was appointed Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. He also taught as an adjunct professor and Ph.D. advisor at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (now Beihang University).
Guan was diagnosed with kidney cancer in 1991. He survived the disease after undergoing nephrectomy, but was limited to working no more than six hours a week afterwards. He died on 9 January 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 85.

## Awards

In 1978, Guan's research on aeroelasticity won the National Science Congress Award and the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class). He was also awarded a Special Prize of the State Science and Technology Progress Award for his contributions to the development of the Shenyang J-8 and J-8II aircraft. He was elected a founding academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994.
# Fernand Verhaegen

Fernand Verhaegen (1883–1975) was a Belgian painter and etcher.
He was born in Marchienne-au-Pont, near Charleroi in Wallonia. He took courses at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts from 1900 to 1906 and there became friends with Rik Wouters and Edgard Tytgat. After graduation, he exhibited his works in Belgium and abroad (Biennale of Venice in 1920 and 1922). His style gradually evolved from impressionism and Belgian luminism to a synthetic form of capturing reality. In his later years, he came back to a personal form of impressionism.
Verhaegen specialized in painting Walloon folklore: Carnival of Binche (he was soon recognised as the painter of "the Gilles of Binche"), Doudou of Mons, Giants of Ath, Chinelles of Fosses, Chaudia of Leernes, Pasqueye, and so on. He also created a series of etchings devoted to the folklore in Wallonia. In his book about this artist, Robert Magremanne has named him "the great master of the Walloon folklore". He died in Montigny-le-Tilleul in 1975.
Verhaegen's works are in many museums of Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ixelles, Liège, Mons) and abroad (Genève, Grenoble, Indianapolis).
# Goggia gemmula

Goggia gemmula, also known as the Richtersveld dwarf leaf-toed gecko or the Richtersveld pygmy gecko, is a species of gecko. It is found in South Africa and Namibia.
# List of former districts of the Massachusetts Senate

The following is a list of former districts of the Massachusetts Senate in the United States. The legislative districts were created to apportion elected representation in the Massachusetts Senate based on voter population. In recent decades, redistricting occurs every ten years.

## Former state senate districts

* 1st Bristol district
* 1st Hampden district
* 1st Norfolk district
* 1st Plymouth district
* 1st Suffolk and Norfolk district
* 1st Worcester and Middlesex district
* 2nd Bristol district
* 2nd Hampden district
* 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district
* 2nd Norfolk district
* 2nd Plymouth district
* 2nd Suffolk and Norfolk district
* 2nd Worcester and Middlesex district
* 3rd Bristol district
* 3rd Essex and Middlesex district
* 3rd Middlesex and Norfolk district
* 3rd Norfolk district
* 3rd Suffolk district
* 3rd Worcester district
* 4th Essex district
* 4th Suffolk district
* 4th Worcester district
* 5th Essex district
* 5th Suffolk district
* 5th Worcester district
* 6th Essex district
* 6th Middlesex district
* 6th Suffolk district
* 7th Middlesex district
* 7th Suffolk district
* 8th Middlesex district
* 8th Suffolk district
* 9th Suffolk district
* Barnstable County
* Berkshire district
* Berkshire and Hampshire district
* Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire district
* Berkshire, Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin district
* Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district
* Berkshire, Hampshire and Hampden district
* Bristol and Plymouth district
* Cape district
* Cape and Plymouth district
* Central Worcester district
* East Hampden district
* East Norfolk district
* East Worcester district
* Essex County
* Franklin district
* Franklin and Hampshire district
* Hampden and Berkshire district
* Hampden and Hampshire district
* Hampshire district
* Hampshire and Franklin district
* Island district
* Middle Plymouth district
* Middlesex and Essex district
* Middlesex and Norfolk district
* Middlesex County
* Middlesex, Norfolk and Worcester district
* Middlesex, Suffolk and Essex district
* Norfolk district
* Norfolk and Bristol district
* Norfolk and Middlesex district
* Norfolk County
* North Berkshire district
* North Bristol district
* North Norfolk district
* North Plymouth district
* North-East Worcester district
* Plymouth district
* Plymouth County
* South Berkshire district
* South Bristol district
* South Plymouth district
* South-East Worcester district
* South-West Worcester district
* Suffolk and Middlesex district
* Suffolk and Norfolk district
* Suffolk County
* Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex district
* West Bristol district
* West Hampden district
* West Norfolk district
* West Worcester district
* Worcester district
* Worcester and Hampden district
* Worcester and Hampshire district
* Worcester County
* Worcester, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire district
* Worcester, Hampden and Hampshire district
* Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire and Franklin district
# Covert Action (album)

Covert Action is an album by U.S. Bombs.

## Line up for recording

* Duane Peters- Vocals
* Kerry Martinez- Guitars
* Curt Stitch - guitar
* Jamie Reiding- Drums
* Wade Walston- Bass

## Track listing

* "Roll Around"
* "Shot Down"
* "Youth Goes"
* "Croatia Breaks"
* "Framed"
* "John Gotti"
* "The Gow"
* "Art Kills"
* "Lab Rats"
* "Majestic Twelve"
* "In & Out"
* "Faith Of Marie"
* "American Made"
# Iman Humaydan Younes

Iman Humaydan (born 1956) is a Lebanese writer, researcher and creative writing professor at Saint-Denis Paris 8 University in France. She was born in the Mount Lebanon governorate in 1956. She studied sociology and Anthropology at the American University in Beirut. Between 2002 and 2006, she conducted a profound research on the Families of the Disappeared persons during the Lebanese civil war. Her research was titled " Neither Here Nor There.. Families of the Disappeared in Lebanon", and was the first in kind in the Arab World. She has published four novels:
* B as in Beirut (translated by Max Weiss)
* Wild Mulberries (translated by Michelle Hartman)
* Other Lives (translated by Michelle Hartman, 2014 ISBN 978-1566569620)
* “The Weight of Paradise" (translated by Michelle Hartman, 2016)
Humaydan's novels were translated into English (Interlink Books USA), into French (Verticales, France), and into German (Lenos verlag): some of her work came out in Dutch, Italian, Armenian and Georgian.
In 2011, and in 2014, she participated in the International Writing Program's Fall Residency at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA. In her work, both literary and academic, Humaydan is concerned with memories of war, and lives of women. In 2016, her fourth novel Weight of Paradise was awarded Katara Prize.
Iman Humaydan is a co founder of Pen Lebanon and its current president. She is also a board member in Pen International.
# International Metallic Silhouette Shooting Union

The International Metallic Silhouette Shooting Union (IMSSU) is the international organization for metallic silhouette shooting, which was founded in 1992 in response to the fact that rules for metallic silhouette shooting started to diverge around the world.
The European regional body is Association Européenne de Tir sur Silhouettes Métalliques (AETSM), which means European Metallic Silhouette Shooting Association

## History

The International Metallic Silhouette Shooting Union was founded on 8 October 1992 in Paris, with founding members from Australia, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland, the US and the European silhouette federation AETSM. Michel Boulanger was elected as the first president along with Jean-Pierre Beurtheret as the first secretary.
It was established a competition ruleset which could only be revised every fourth year to give stability to the sport. The first IMSSU competition ruleset was largely based on the NRA metallic silhouette competition rules, but since 1997 NRA has published silhouette rules which differ from IMSSU.

## Member associations

As of 2020 IMSSU has 26 member regions.
| Region | Name of the region |
| Australia | Pistol Australia (link) |
| Austria | Austrian Metallic Silhouette and Field Target Association (link) |
| Belgium | Union Royale des Sociétés de Tir de Belgique |
| Brazil | Brazilian Confederation of Practical Shooting |
| Czech Republic | Czech Metallic Silhouette Shooting Association (link) |
| Denmark | Danish Sport Shooting Association |
| Finland | Finnish Shooting Sport Federation |
| France | French Shooting Federation |
| Germany | Federation of German Marksmen |
| Hungary | Dynamic Shooting Sport Federation of Hungary |
| Ireland | National Silhouette Association Ireland |
| Italy | Unione Italiana Silhouette Metallica |
| Lithuania | Lietuvos Šaudymo Į Lauko Taikinius Asociacija |
| Malta | Association of Maltese Arms Collectors and Shooters |
| Namibia | Namibia Metallic Silhouette Shooting |
| Netherlands | Dutch Silhouette Shooter's Association (link) |
| New Zealand | Pistol New Zealand |
| Norway | Norwegian Metallic Silhouette Association |
| Philippines | Philippine Shooters Match Officers Confederation |
| Russia | Russian High Precision Shooting Federation |
| South Africa | South African Metallic Silhouette Shooting Association |
| Sweden | Swedish Metallic Silhouette Association (link Archived 2020-04-06 at the Wayback Machine) |
| Sri Lanka | International Metallic Silhouette Shooting Union of Sri Lanka |
| Switzerland | Swiss Metallic Silhouette Shooting Association |
| USA | United States Metallic Silhouette Association (USMSA), which follow NRA rules in the U.S. and IMSSU rules in the World Championships. |
| Zimbabwe: | Zimbabwe Sport Shooting Federation |
| Former regions | Name of the region |
| United Kingdom | |
# Dobërçan

Dobërçan is a village in the District of Gjilan, Kosovo. It is located east of Gjilan.
# Guillaume Viole

Guillaume Viole (died 1568) was a French Catholic bishop. He was the Bishop of Paris from 1564 to 1568.
In 1564, Charles IX of France named Guillaume Viole Bishop of Paris to replace Eustache du Bellay who resigned in 1563. He was consecrated as a bishop on March 18, 1565. He died on May 4, 1568, and was buried in the choir of Notre-Dame de Paris.
# Ferdinand N. Shurtleff

Ferdinand N. Shurtleff (April 4, 1837 – April 6, 1903) was a Member of the Board of General Appraisers.

## Education and career

Shurtleff was born April 4, 1837, in Hartland, New York. He entered private practice in Portland, Oregon. He served as commissary for the Grande Ronde Indian Reservation in Oregon from 1864 to 1869. He served as deputy collector of customs and customs collector in Portland from 1870 to 1880. He served as Superior Officer for the collector of customs in Portland from 1880 to 1890.

## Federal judicial service

Shurtleff was nominated by President Benjamin Harrison on July 17, 1890, to the Board of General Appraisers, to a new seat created by 26 Stat. 131. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 18, 1890, and received his commission on July 22, 1890. His service terminated on May 12, 1899, due to his removal from office by President William McKinley. He was succeeded on the board by Israel F. Fischer.

### Circumstances of his removal from office

In early 1899, Shurtleff received a request from the Treasury Department to resign from the Board, but declined to do so. It is believed partisan political pressure was behind the request. On May 3, 1899, President McKinley wrote Shurtleff, informing him that he was being removed from office, effective upon the appointment and qualification of his successor, which occurred on May 12, 1899. McKinley gave no cause for Shurtleff's removal and Shurtleff was not given the opportunity to defend himself before a commission. Shurtleff challenged his dismissal as unlawful in the Court of Claims which ruled against him, upon which he appealed to the United States Supreme Court. In the case Shurtleff vs. United States the Supreme Court ruled that barring a specific prohibition in the statute creating an office, the President of the United States may remove any officer without cause, thus denying Shurtleff's petition.

## Death

Shurtleff died on April 6, 1903, in Portland, Oregon, ironically on the very day on which Shurtleff vs. United States was decided by the Supreme Court.
# Goggia hexapora

Goggia hexapora, also known as the Cedarberg dwarf leaf-toed gecko or Cedarberg pygmy gecko, is a species of gecko. It is found in South Africa.
# Ceroplesis buettneri

Ceroplesis buettneri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Kolbe in 1863. It is known from Benin, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Togo.
# Creed II: The Album

The 2018 American sports drama film Creed II, a sequel to Creed (2015) and the eighth installment in the Rocky franchise, was accompanied by two soundtrack albums. Creed II: The Album, featuring original songs produced by Mike Will Made-It, and Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, featuring an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson, were both released on November 16, 2018.

## Background

In March 2018, it was announced that Swedish composer Ludwig Göransson would score Creed II; the movie marks the first feature-length film collaboration between Göransson and director Steven Caple Jr. In October it was reported that Mike Will Made-It will serve as the executive producer for the soundtrack to the film.
The soundtrack features songs that are heard in the film as well as others that are inspired by it. It also contains guest appearances by Lil Wayne, Bon Iver, Crime Mob, Slim Jxmmi, Eearz, Schoolboy Q, 2 Chainz, Nas, Rick Ross, Young Thug, Swae Lee, Ari Lennox, J. Cole, Pharrell Williams, Kendrick Lamar, Kodak Black, Gucci Mane, YG, Trouble, Quavo, Juicy J, ASAP Rocky, ASAP Ferg, Nicki Minaj, Tessa Thompson, Gunna, Ama Lou, Vince Staples, and Ella Mai.

## Release

Mike Will Made It released the first single from the album, "Kill 'Em with Success", on November 5, 2018, in which he collaborated with fellow artists ScHoolboy, 2 Chainz and Eearz, shortly after a new trailer for the film was released. A second single, "The Mantra", is a collaboration with Pharrell and Kendrick Lamar and was released on November 14, 2018. On November 6, 2018, via Instagram, Mike Will announced the album listening party hosted by him. In a statement about the soundtrack, Mike Will said:
   There was a time where movie soundtracks had people just as excited as an artist’s album, and that’s the feeling I was going for when creating this project alongside Ludwig Göransson and Fam Rothstein. After people hear the music, I want them to say movie soundtracks are back......

## Track listing

Notes
* signifies an additional producer

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 63 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 115 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 171 |
| US Billboard 200 | 49 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 23 |
| US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard) | 4 |

## Score album

Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 2018 film Creed II, composed by Ludwig Göransson. It was released on November 16, 2018, through Sony Classical Records.
# International Metalworking Companies

IMC International Metalworking Companies B.V., otherwise known as IMC Group, is the holding company of several worldwide manufacturers of metal cutting tools. Together they produce a wide range of carbide inserts, carbide endmills and cutting tools covering all metal cutting applications. The IMC Group is in the automotive, aerospace, die and mold, general engineering, bearing manufacturing and energy industries.

## Subsidiaries

Today, the IMC Group has over 130 subsidiaries in 65 countries.
Primary Subsidiaries:
* ISCAR
* TaeguTec
* Tungaloy
* Ingersoll Cutting Tools
# Do or Die (Burn album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Exclaim! | 7/10 |
| Metal Hammer | |
| Metal Injection | 9.5/10 |
Do or Die is a studio album by the American rock band Burn. After releasing a handful of EPs throughout their nearly 30-year lifespan, Do or Die is Burn's first full-length studio album since forming in 1989. It was released on September 8, 2017 through Jacob Bannon's (Converge) indie label Deathwish Inc. Do or Die features founding members vocalist Chaka Malik and guitarist Gavin Van Vlack, along with new members drummer Abbas Muhammad and bassist Tyler Krupsky. It was produced by Converge guitarist Kurt Ballou and mastered by Howie Weinberg.
Burn promoted Do or Die with an online stream of "Ill Together" in July 2017 followed by the title track "Do or Die" in August 2017. The band supported Do or Die with an October 2017 United States tour with Comeback Kid and Jesus Piece.

## Track listing

* "Fate" – 2:28
* "Ill Together" – 4:31
* "Flame" – 3:34
* "Beauty" – 2:57
* "Dead Identity" – 2:31
* "Do or Die" – 3:57
* "Last Great Sea" – 6:28
* "New Morality" – 3:04
* "Unfuck Yourself" – 4:35
* "Climb Out" – 3:29
# Guillaume Besse (ice hockey)

Guillaume Besse (born 26 January 1976) is a French ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# Gomphocerini

Gomphocerini is a tribe of grasshoppers of the family Acrididae.

## Genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:
* Aeropedellus Hebard, 1935
* Bruneria McNeill, 1897
* Chorthippus Fieber, 1852
* Dasyhippus Uvarov, 1930
* Gomphoceridius Bolívar, 1914 - monotypic G. brevipennis (Brisout de Barneville, 1848)
* Gomphocerippus Roberts, 1941
* Gomphoceroides Zheng, Xi & Lian, 1992
* Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 including Gomphocerus sibiricus
* Mesasippus Tarbinsky, 1931
* Myrmeleotettix Bolívar, 1914
* Pezohippus Bei-Bienko, 1948
* Phlibostroma Scudder, 1875 - monotypic P. quadrimaculatum (Thomas, 1871)
* Pseudochorthippus Defaut, 2012
* Schmidtiacris Storozhenko, 2002
* Stauroderus Bolívar, 1897
* Stenobothroides Xu & Zheng, 1996 - monotypic S. xinjiangensis Xu & Zheng, 1996
# Ceromya lutea

Ceromya lutea is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Ceromya of the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Brazil.
# Igdalu

Igdalu may refer to:
* Igdalu, Armenia
* Igdalu, Iran (disambiguation)
# Into the Night We Slide

Into the Night We Slide was the debut album by Springs-based, South African rock group The Radio Rats and was distributed in 1978.
The opening track and first single, "ZX Dan" (backed with "I'm Not in Love"), received national airplay and early in peaked at no. 2 on Johannesburg-based Radio 5. Still cherished as one of South Africa's greatest pop rock songs of all time, it received the second-most votes in the "All time favourite SA song" category in "The SA Rock Digest/Amuzine End of the Century Big Vote", in 1999.

## Contents

Side one of the album featured five songs and Side two the remaining five. Jonathan Handley composed the music and words for all.

## Track listing
### Side one

* 1. ZX Dan (5:17)
* 2. I'm Not Like That (4:39)
* 3. Plague Café (3:10)
* 4. Bomb Shelter Blues (4:20)
* 5. I'm in Love (2:41)

### Side two

* 6. Law and Order (2:55)
* 7. A Visit to the Cinema (5:31)
* 8. Rocking (2:10)
* 9. Stay in your Rocking Chair (3:29)
* 10. Mucking About in the Dungeons All Day (5:00)

## Personnel

* Dave Davies – lead vocals
* Jonathan Handley – lead guitar and background vocals
* Herbie Parkin – bass
* Leonard Dickson – drums and percussion

## Re-issue

In 2002, Fresh Music released a digitally remastered CD edition of Into the Night We Slide with two bonus tracks in "Crazy Caroline", the follow-up single in June 1979, and its B-side, "Rocket Road". The liner notes include rare photographs and a band bio.
# Guillaume Besse

Guillaume Besse may refer to:
* Guillaume Besse (historian) (fl. 17th century), French historian
* Guillaume Besse (ice hockey) (born 1976), 2001/2002 winner of the Charles Ramsay Trophy
# Ffa Coffi Pawb

Ffa Coffi Pawb (Welsh: "Everybody's Coffee Beans", phonetically Welsh: "Fuck Off, Everyone") was a band signed to Welsh music label, Ankst, active from 1986 to 1992.
The band was made up of singer and guitarist Gruff Rhys (later of Super Furry Animals), drummer Dafydd Ieuan (also later of Super Furry Animals), Rhodri Puw (later of Gorky's Zygotic Mynci) and Dewi Emlyn (later tour manager for Gorky's Zygotic Mynci and Super Furry Animals). One of the band's tracks, "Dacw Hi", was eventually covered by the Furries on their Welsh language album Mwng.
The band released three albums, Clymhalio, Dalec Peilon and Hei Vidal!. In 2004, a compilation drawn from their albums was released under the title Am Byth ("Forever") on the Placid Casual label, with renewed interest from the success of Super Furry Animals.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Dalec Peilon (1988)
* Clymhalio (1991)
* Hei Vidal! (1992)

### Compilation albums

* Am Byth (2004)

### Singles

* "Gwanwyn Yn Detroit" (1989)
* "Cymryd y Pys" (1992)
# Gorava

The term gorava refers to men and women devotees of God Mylara Lingeshwara who have taken a special vow and dress in the traditional overcoat and headgear, and beat a damroo shouting "Elukoti.. Elukoti. Elukoti.", meaning seven crores - the number of Goravas Mailara, armed with a bow and arrows, took to battle against a demon, Mallasura and his brother. They also dance in ritualistic warrior-like dance called the Goravara Kunitha, which involves use of a small damaru in one hand and a flute in other. Goravas wear a headgear made of bear hair.
It is customary in most villages of Karnataka to bring young children in front of the Goravas to get their blessing and to allay the fears of children.
# Cermeño

Cermeño is a corregimiento in Capira District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 1,946 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 1,511; its population as of 2000 was 1,830.