OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dolmen de Soto

The Dolmen de Soto is a Neolithic subterranean structure in Trigueros, Andalucía, Spain. It is estimated it was built between 4,500 and 5,000 years ago and is one of about 200 neolithic ritual-burial sites in the province of Huelva.

## History

The site was discovered by Armando de Soto Morillas, as he wanted to build a new house in 1922 on his estate, La lobita. The same year excavation works were initiated on the burial site and by 1924 the German archaeologist Hugo Obermaier was asked to perform some research by the Duke of Alba, Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart. Obermaier discovered eight buried bodies in a fetal position accompanied with artifacts following which Obermaier published a book describing the results of the excavation and the characteristics of the funerary site. In 1931 it was declared a National Monument of Spain, but it stayed a private property until 1987, when it was included within the jurisdiction of the Spanish Ministry of Culture. Recently, the First Art team, a Portuguese/Spanish/Welsh team undertook a comprehensive study on the engraved and painted uprights that stand within the passage and chamber areas of the monument. The results revealed a unique corpus of material. The results have been published in a large monograph and as a popular article in Current World Archaeology, a summary has also been posted on the Bradshaw Foundation website.

## Structure

On the surface it resembles a circle-like mound with a diameter of 75 metres (246 ft). It has a V-shaped passage 20.9 metres (69 ft) long starting at the 0.8 metres (2 ft 7 in) wide,1.55 metres (5 ft 1 in) high western entrance, which expands to 3.1 metres (10 ft) wide and 3.9 metres (13 ft) high in the east. In the eastern end of the passage there is a chamber. During the equinox, the first sun lights the interior of the passage and the chamber for some minutes, and it is assumed this was to denote an eventual re-birth of the buried. Several of the standing-stones have engravings, and it is viewed as one of the largest dolmens in Spain. The passage has 31 standing-stones in the northern part of the passage and 33 in the southern part. The standing stones are of quartzite, sandstone, and limestone and carry 20 capstones that make the roof of the passage.

## Artifacts and engravings

Each of the discovered eight buried bodies were in fetal position and had their respective artifacts beside them. Daggers, cups, and marine fossils were discovered. The artifacts found were not as abundant as those found in other sites; therefore, it is assumed that the Dolmen de Soto was not used for a long time. Engravings were found on 43 standing stones and describe humans, cups, knives, and geometric forms such as simple lines or circles.
# Gum turpentine

Gum turpentine may refer to:
* Oleoresin of the pine tree, also known as crude turpentine
* Oil of turpentine obtained from pine gum (oleoresin)
# Cesare Laurenti

Cesare Laurenti may refer to:
* Cesare Laurenti (engineer), Italian designer of naval craft
* Cesare Laurenti (painter) (1854–1936), Italian artist
# Croix-Moligneaux

Croix-Moligneaux (French pronunciation:; Picard: Cro-Moligneu) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

The commune is situated on the D937 road, 1.6 km from the banks of the river Somme, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of Saint-Quentin.
The Seine-Nord canal will be dug near Croix-Moligneaux. As part of the preparatory works more than one hundred archaeological sites were identified by some fifty archaeologists around Croix-Moligneaux. The finds range from the Middle Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. These include a Roman road and numerous villas as well as a funerary monument from the Bronze Age.
The village name derives from a gallows erected here in Gallo-Roman times. The gallows was called by the Latin term of cruces which then translates into "cruci" (cross).
The village already has the status of parish on a document from the tenth century. This is confirmed in 1015 when Hardouin de Croÿ donated the land and the altar (altaria de crucibus) to the canons of Noyon.

## Land Marks

* The church of Saint Médard, built in the 12th century is in a Romanesque / Gothic transition style. The original tower collapsed and was rebuilt in the 17th century, then again, after the destruction of the First World War. The current choir dates from the 13th century. The remarkable Renaissance porch (sixteenth century) backs onto the second bay of the south aisle. The south portal is listed as a historic monument.
The interior offers very beautiful stained-glass windows.
* Monument dedicated to Lieutenant Georges Feltz, French aviator, and his radio operator, Albert Nelias, shot down in the village on May 20, 1940 by a German fighter plane during the Battle of France.
* Old dovecote.
# Impulse facility

An impulse facility is a testing facility that relies on rapid release of stored energy to generate a short period of high enthalpy test conditions for testing of aerodynamic flow, aerodynamic heating and atmospheric reentry, combustion, chemical kinetics, ballistics, and other effects. The rapid release of energy can result in very high instantaneous energy release rates even though the total energy released is modest. The use of an impulse facility can allow testing of violently energetic phenomena generating temperatures and pressures that no known materials could withstand in steady state. This effect also produces short test times, however, with some types of tests in these facilities lasting less than 100 microseconds. Impulse facilities are a special case of blow down facilities where an energy storage mechanism is charged over a period of time and then released to initiate a test and must be charged again before the next test. This contrasts with continuous facilities such as wind tunnels that may run continuously. Examples of impulse facilities are the shock tube, the shock tunnel, the expansion tube, the expansion tunnel, and the Ludwieg tube.
# Iran national rugby sevens team

The Iran national rugby sevens team first took part in the 2009 Carlton Sevens in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Playing three matches, they lost all three, against Japan, Kazakhstan and Pakistan respectively.

## Results
### 2010

* Iran wins in bold.
# Dodola Airport

Dodola Airport (ICAO: HADO) is an airstrip serving the city of Dodola in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The runway is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the city.
The airstrip lies 8,234 feet (2,510 m) above mean sea level.
# Guney

Guney may refer to:
* Güney, Turkey
* Guney-ye Gharbi Rural District
* Guney-ye Markazi Rural District
* Guney-ye Sharqi Rural District
# Ferredoxin—NAD(+) reductase

In enzymology, a ferredoxin–NAD$^+$ reductase (EC 1.18.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
    reduced ferredoxin + NAD$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are reduced ferredoxin and NAD$^+$, whereas its 3 products are oxidized ferredoxin, NADH, and H$^+$. This enzyme participates in fatty acid metabolism.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.
The systematic name of this enzyme is ferredoxin:NAD$^+$ oxidoreductase. There are a variety of names in common use:
* ferredoxin–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase
* ferredoxin reductase
* NAD$^+$-ferredoxin reductase
* ferredoxin–NAD$^+$ reductase
* ferredoxin–linked NAD$^+$ reductase
* ferredoxin–NAD reductase
When NAD molecule is in its reduced form, the enzyme is referred to as:
* NADH-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
* reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ferredoxin
* NADH-ferredoxin reductase
* NADH flavodoxin oxidoreductase
* NADH$_2$-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
Other enzymes in the family include:
* NADH-ferredoxin NAP reductase (component of naphthalene dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme system)
* NADH-ferredoxin TOL reductase (component of toluene dioxygenase)

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 1KRH.
# Golden Ball

Golden Ball may refer to:

## Awards

* Golden Ball Award, FIFA competition award for best player of tournament
** FIFA World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA U-20 World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA U-20 World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA U-17 World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA U-20 World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA Women's World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA Women's World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball, FIFA Club World Cup award for best player of tournament
** FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball, FIFA Confederations Cup award for best player of tournament
* Ballon d'Or, an international annual association football award
** FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015), annual association football award created with the merger of Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year between 2010 and 2015
* Golden Ball (Czech Republic), association football award
* Hungarian Golden Ball, annual association football award
* Portuguese Golden Ball, annual association football award
* Vietnamese Golden Ball, annual association football award

## Facilities and structures

* Golden Ball (stadium), an Irish association football stadium and home ground for Wayside Celtic F.C.
* Golden Ball (St. Paul's Churchyard), a historical bookseller in London
* Golden Ball, Poulton-le-Fylde, a pub and hotel in England
* Golden Ball, York, a pub in York, England

## People

* Edward Hughes Ball Hughes (1798–1863), an English dandy of the Regency period, nicknamed 'The Golden Ball'
* David Beckham (born 1975), English footballer, nicknamed "Golden Balls"

## Arts and entertainment

* Golden Balls, a 2007–2009 British daytime TV game show
* The Golden Ball (novel), a 1987–2007 novel trilogy by Heorhiy Pocheptsov
* The Golden Ball and Other Stories, a 1971 short-story collection by Agatha Christie
* Golden Balls (film), a 1993 Spanish film
* Golden Balls (video game), a 2008 video game developed by Mindscape

## Other

* Echinocactus grusonii, or Golden Ball cactus, a critically endangered species
* The traditional three-ball symbol for a pawnbroker
# Croix-Fonsomme

Croix-Fonsomme (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
In March, 2011, it changed its name from Croix-Fonsommes to Croix-Fonsomme.
# 2010 NCAA Division III men's lacrosse tournament

The 2010 NCAA Division III men's lacrosse tournament was held from May 12 through May 30, 2010. It was the 31st annual Division III NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship tournament. Sixteen NCAA Division III college men's lacrosse teams met after having played their way through a regular season, and for some, a play-in game to advance to the tournament.
The tournament culminated on Memorial Day weekend at M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. That venue also hosted the Division I and Division II championships. The Division III championship game took place on May 30, as a doubleheader with the Division II final, and pitted perennial Division III powerhouse Salisbury against final newcomer Tufts University. It was Salisbury's eleventh championship game appearance under head coach Jim Berkman. Tufts controlled the game throughout on its way to upset Salisbury, 9–6. It was Tufts University's first NCAA championship in any sport.

## Play-in games

The final four rounds of the tournament were preceded by six play-in games on May 12:
* Keene State 21 – Castleton State 7
* Middlebury 10 – Goucher 6
* Endicott 8 – Montclair State 6
* Springfield 7 – Widener 1
* Dickinson 7 – Ohio Wesleyan 3
* Roanoke 15 – Wittenberg 4
* Cabrini 10 – Denison 7

## Tournament results

| Second Round May 15 | Second Round May 15 | Second Round May 15 | Quarterfinals May 19 | Quarterfinals May 19 | Quarterfinals May 19 | Semifinals May 23 | Semifinals May 23 | Semifinals May 23 | | Final May 30 | Final May 30 | Final May 30 |
| N1 | Cortland | 18 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Keene State | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Keene State | 6 | N1 | Cortland | 15 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | RIT | 7 | | | | | | | |
| N4 | Connecticut C. | 9 | | RIT | 7 | | | | | | | |
| | RIT | 11 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | RIT | 11 | | | | N1 | Cortland | 9 | | | | |
| | | | | | | N2 | Tufts | 10 | | | | |
| N3 | Middlebury | 16 | | | | | | | N2 | Tufts | 10 | | | | |
| | RPI | 8 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | RPI | 8 | N3 | Middlebury | 9 | | | | | | | |
| | | | N2 | Tufts | 11 | | | | | | | |
| N2 | Tufts | 21 | N2 | Tufts | 11 | | | | | | | |
| | Endicott | 8 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Endicott | 8 | | | | | | | | N2 | Tufts | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | S1 | Salisbury | 6 |
| S1 | Salisbury | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | S1 | Salisbury | 6 |
| S15 | Springfield | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| S15 | Springfield | 4 | S1 | Salisbury | 12* | | | | | | | |
| | | | S4 | Haverford | 11 | | | | | | | |
| S4 | Haverford | 13 | S4 | Haverford | 11 | | | | | | | |
| | Dickinson | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Dickinson | 5 | | | | S1 | Salisbury | 14* | | | | |
| | | | | | | S2 | Stevenson | 13 | | | | |
| S3 | Gettysburg | 10 | | | | | | | S2 | Stevenson | 13 | | | | |
| | Roanoke | 11* | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Roanoke | 11* | | Roanoke | 14 | | | | | | | |
| | | | S2 | Stevenson | 15* | | | | | | | |
| S2 | Stevenson | 19 | S2 | Stevenson | 15* | | | | | | | |
| | Cabrini | 9 | | | | | | | | | | |
* * = Overtime
# Alavere

Alavere may refer to several places in Estonia:
* Alavere, Harju County, village in Anija Parish, Harju County
* Alavere, Jõgeva County, village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County
* Alavere, Lääne-Viru County, village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County
# Independent Democratic Pole

The Independent Democratic Pole (Polo Democrático Independiente) or (PDI), was a left-wing social democratic political party in Colombia.

## Origins

Originally formed as a left-wing congressional coalition, the party itself was officially founded on July 17, 2003. The congressional movement consisted of the union of diverse tendencies among the Colombian left (including former guerrillas, labor and union leaders, indigenous representatives and others), including many of, but not necessarily limited to, Marxist extraction.
Some of the members of the original group which did not formally join the new party remained as members of separate political structures, one of which then founded Democratic Alternative (AD).

## Political platform

The PDI's platform principally consisted of supporting a negotiated settlement with the country's leftwing insurgencies, defending the principles and practical applications of Colombia's 1991 Constitution, rejecting the country's traditionally bipartisan politics, and promoting democracy, freedom and social justice while also respecting human rights. The party completely rejected the armed struggle of the FARC and ELN as an effective means to solve Colombia's social, political and economical problems.

## Political development

Despite threats and violent actions from elements of the country's radical right-wing, most notably from AUC paramilitaries and others, which have resulted in the murder of some of its members, the PDI has become a nationally recognized movement and it has enjoyed some recent electoral successes, such as winning the October 2003 election for the office of Bogotá's mayor through their candidate Luis Eduardo Garzón, the governorship of the Valle del Cauca department through Angelino Garzón, and being partially responsible for the failure of the government's October 2003 referendum (which it opposed, together with the Colombian Liberal Party and others). The party also became part of a few ruling coalitions in other local municipalities, such as Nariño, Pasto.
The PDI was present as an observer in the Socialist International. The PDI was in political opposition to the government of president Álvaro Uribe, being critical of many of his actions and generally rejecting his policies as counter-productive or ineffective. This has not prevented several of its members from participating in discussions and finding points of agreement with some Uribe supporters or with other more traditional politicians.
Ahead of the 2006 elections, the PDI and Democratic Alternative formed an alliance called Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA). The PDA chose AD's Carlos Gaviria Díaz as its presidential candidate, defeating the PDI's Antonio Navarro Wolff in a close race.
# Irena Tomašovičová

Irena Tomašovičová (born 12 November 1964) is a Slovak handball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Domingo García y Vásquez

Domingo García y Vásquez (c. 1859 – 1912) was a Spanish-born Brazilian landscape painter.

## Biography

His father owned a company in Rio de Janeiro and brought Domingo there to be with him sometime between 1871 and 1876. He was enrolled at the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes (AIBA) from 1879 to 1884, where he became a student of the German landscape painter Georg Grimm.
When Grimm staged a protest against the Academy's teaching methods, García joined him and several other students (including Giovanni Battista Castagneto, Antônio Parreiras and Hipólito Boaventura Caron) in leaving the Academy to establish their own school in Niterói, where they painted plein-air and came to be known as the "Grupo Grimm". This proved to be a very successful time in his life. He was awarded medals at various exhibitions in 1880, 1881, 1882 and won a Gold Medal in 1884. After the Grupo Grimm broke up, he went to France, where he studied with Hector Hanoteau and Henri-Joseph Harpignies from 1885 to 1888.
When he returned from Europe, he discovered that his paintings were no longer very popular in Brazil. Introverted by nature, he became filled with self-doubt and fell into poverty. For much of the nineties, he gave up painting altogether, and spent his time taking long walks along the beach or fishing to earn a little money.
In 1901, he got up the courage to have a small exhibit at the "Exposição Geral de Belas Artes". Four years later, he made a long tour of the Serra da Estrela, in Teresópolis, producing several major works for display at the Exposição in 1906. His paintings were praised, but were not accepted for the exhibition. As a result, he became severely depressed and returned to his aimless behavior. In 1912, he committed suicide during the evening show at the Cinema Soberano on the Rua da Carioca.
# Gunnar Brands

Gunnar Brands (born 30 March 1956), is a German classical archaeologist.
He was born in Duisburg, Germany, and attended the classical Landfermann-Gymnasium, graduating in 1977. He then studied classical and Christian Archaeology, Ancient History and Latin at Bonn University (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität), Heidelberg University and Rome. He also worked on early Roman architecture in Italy at Bonn University under Hanns Gabelmann, and received his doctorate on Classical Archeology in 1985. He received a travel grant from the German Archaeological Institute in 1987, and was a research fellow working on the site of Sana'a in the Yemen Arab Republic in a project operated by that Institute. From 1988 to 1994 he was an assistant at the Institute of Classical Archaeology at the Free University of Berlin, where he habilitated in 1994 with a thesis on the late antique architecture of Syria. In the same year he became assistant professor at the Department of Building and Art History at the Brandenburg Technical University in Cottbus. Since 1996, he has been professor of Christian Archaeology and Byzantine Art History at the Institute for Oriental Archaeology and Art History at the In 1993/94 and 2000/01 he was a Fellow for Byzantine Studies at Dumbarton Oaks. and a Fulbright Fellow. He is a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute.
Brands conducts research on antique and early Christian architecture of the Eastern Roman Empire, especially Syria, Asia Minor and southern Arabia. He is particularly interested in the architectural decoration of Late Antiquity and the topography of Eastern Christianity, but his interest extends to Hellenistic and Roman architecture, and the heritage of antiquity from the Renaissance and the 20th Century. He has done field research in Antakya, Turkey, the present name of the ancient city of Antioch on the Orontes.
# Fichte (disambiguation)

Fichte often refers to Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), German philosopher.
Fichte may also refer to:
* Fichte (surname)
* Fichte-Bunker, a nineteenth-century gasometer in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin
* VfB Fichte Bielefeld, a German football club based in Bielefeld
* 3475 Fichte (1972 TD), a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1972 by L. Kohoutek, named after Hubert Fichte
# Goldmann

Goldmann is the surname of several people:
* Erich Goldmann, German ice hockey player
* Friedrich Goldmann (1941–2009), German composer and conductor
* Hans Goldmann (1899–1991), Swiss ophthalmologist
* Lucien Goldmann, French philosopher and sociologist
* Maximilian Goldmann, real name of Max Reinhardt, Austrian theatre director
* Nahum Goldmann, former president of the World Jewish Congress
* Ulrike Goldmann, singer for German band Blutengel
* Stefan Goldmann (born 1978), German-Bulgarian DJ and composer of electronic music
It can also refer to:
# Cesco

Cesco may refer to:

## People
### Given name

* Cesco Agterberg (born 1975), Dutch soccer coach
* Cesco Baseggio (1897–1971), Italian actor

### Surname

* Carlos Ulrrico Cesco (died 1987), Argentine astronomer
* Mario R. Cesco, astronomer and son of C. U. Cesco

## Other uses

* 1571 Cesco, a main-belt asteroid