OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1816 in Canada

Events from the year 1816 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: George III

### Federal government

* Parliament of Lower Canada: 8th (until February 29)
* Parliament of Upper Canada: 6th (until April 1)

### Governors

* Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
* Governor of New Brunswick: George Prévost
* Governor of Nova Scotia: John Coape Sherbrooke
* Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Richard Goodwin Keats
* Governor of Prince Edward Island: Charles Douglass Smith

## Events

* January 5 – Sir George Prevost dies before consideration of Commodore Yeo's charges; but the Duke of Wellington says: "He must have returned, after the fleet was beaten, I am inclined to think he was right. I have told ministers, repeatedly, that naval superiority, on the Lakes, is a sine qua non of success in war on the frontiers of Canada, even if our object should be wholly defensive."
* June 19 – After several years of harassment, sabotage, and minor skirmishes between members of the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies, a full-scale battle (today known at Battle of Seven Oaks) breaks out between parties led by Cuthbert Grant and Robert Semple. The Hudson's Bay men, instigators of the confrontation though outnumbered nearly three to one, suffer 21 deaths, while Grant's party suffers two deaths, one Métis and one Native. The battle is frequently cited as a seminal moment in the history of the Métis people.
* A steamboat PS Frontenac is first placed on Lake Ontario.

## Births

* October 5 – George Kingston, meteorologist (d.1886)
* December 30 – William Alexander Henry, politician (d.1888)
* December 31 – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon, politician (d.1885)

## Deaths

* January 5 – Sir George Prevost (b.1767)
# Lake Waco Formation

The Lake Waco Formation is a geologic formation within the Eagle Ford Group deposited during the Middle Cenomanian to the Early Turonian of the Late Cretaceous in central Texas. The formation was named for outcrops near Lake Waco, south of the city of Waco, Texas by W. S. Adkins and F. E. Lozo in 1951. The Lake Waco Formation is primarily composed of shale, with minor amounts of limestone and volcanic ash beds (bentonites). It is subdivided into three members: Bluebonnet Member, Cloice Member, and the Bouldin Member. The Bluebonnet Member is 10 to 20 ft (3 to 6 m) thick, and is made up of broken pieces (prisms) of inoceramid clams and planktonic foraminifera. The Cloice Member is 35 ft (11 m) thick at its type section on the Cloice Branch of the South Bosque River, whereas the Bouldin Member was named for outcrops on Bouldin Creek south of downtown Austin, where it is roughly 9 ft (3 m) thick. They are both made up of shales rich in organic matter with thin limestones and volcanic ash beds.
Plesiosaur remains, shark's teeth, ammonites, and inoceramid clams are among the fossils that have been recovered from its strata.
# Carmelo Busietta

Carmelo L. Busietta, also known as Meme Busietta (10 August 1902 – 11 July 1983), was a Maltese water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Crumlin railway station

Crumlin railway station may refer to:
* Crumlin railway station (Wales)
* Crumlin railway station (Northern Ireland)
# Fuller Park (Chicago park)

Fuller Park is a public park at 331 W. 45th Street in the neighborhood of the same name in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The park was one of several built by the South Park Commission in the early 20th century to provide parks in dense and poor South Side Chicago neighborhoods which lacked them. While most of the South Park Commission parks opened in the mid-1900s, work on Fuller Park did not begin until 1910 due to a dispute over its location, and its facilities gradually opened over the next four years. The park was named for Melville Fuller, an Illinois native and former Chief Justice of the United States. The South Park Commission designed the park's landscape in a similar style to their earlier parks, which had been designed by the Olmsted Brothers; D. H. Burnham and Company designed its buildings, as they had for the earlier parks. The park originally included a Beaux-Arts fieldhouse, a gymnasium, a bathhouse, a grandstand, and a running track and walking paths. Fuller Park was first settled by Irish immigrants in the later 1860s after the Union Stock Yards opened on Christmas Day 1865. This area became a part of the Lake Township area and after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and the opening of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad the area flourished into a community.
The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002.
# Gornji Rogatec

Gornji Rogatec (pronounced) is a small village in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Rogatec to Gornji Rogatec in 1955.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Parish of Št. Jurij pri Grosupljem. It was originally a Gothic building that was restyled in the 19th century.
# Adrián Marín

Adrián Marín may refer to:
* Adrián Martín (motorcyclist) (born 1992), Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer
* Adrián Marín (footballer, born 1994), Mexican footballer
* Adrián Marín (footballer, born 1997), Spanish footballer
# 214th Division (People's Republic of China)

The 214th Division (Chinese: 第214师) was created in November 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 1st Division, 1st Corps, 1st Army Group of the People's Liberation Army of the Nationalist Party of China. Its history can be traced to the 197th Division, 100th Corps, 1st Army Group of Republic of China Army defected in August 1948.
The division is part of 52nd Corps. Under the flag of 214th division it took part in the Chinese Civil War.
In September 1951 the division was transferred to Army Group's control following 52nd Corp's disbandment. In March 1952 the division became a flood diversion project unit working against the flood on Ching River. In August 1952, after completion of the project, the division was disbanded and absorbed by the People's Volunteer Army.
# 1828 Proclamation of Demarcation

The 1828 Proclamation of Demarcation was issued by George Arthur, governor of Tasmania, and ordered the white colonial populations and Tasmanian Aboriginal populations be temporarily separated from each other. Arthur clarified that the proclamation would not limit Aboriginals from traveling through Tasmania to shellfish hunting territories, provided a passport was coordinated with their leaders. The proclamation was justified as protecting Aboriginals from violence from colonists, and to protect the colonists from "repeated and wanton barbarous murders and other crimes" by the Aboriginals.
The proclamation established a line of military outposts separating the declared Aboriginal and colonial territories, which the Aboriginals were forbidden to pass. Tasmanian Aboriginals were pressed into remote areas of Tasmania, and eventually relocated to Flinders Island; scholar Rod Edmond notes that the pretext of "protecting" the Aboriginals served as a mechanism to clear desirable land for colonial use.
# Lacuna variegata

Lacuna variegata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
# Andželati

Andželati (Serbian Cyrillic: Анџелати) is a village in the municipality of Andrijevica, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2023 census, it had a population of 126 people.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 159 | 85.9% |
| Montenegrins | 19 | 10.3% |
| other/undeclared | 7 | 3.8% |
| Total | 185 | 100% |
# Crummell

Crummell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Crummell (1819–1898), African-American minister, academic and African nationalist
* Dan Crummell, Canadian politician
# Fulbright Economics Teaching Program

The Fulbright Economics Teaching Program (FETP) is a partnership of the University of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City and the Harvard Kennedy School. The school is based in Vietnam and its website is both in Vietnamese and English. It has an Open Source Education portal available to everyone in the world similar to MIT OpenCourseWare and actually very influenced by it as mentioned in the website.
The FETP OpenCourseWare is available free of charge for anyone who would like to educate him/herself in economics. Their motto is the following: "Inspired by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s OpenCourseWare Initiative (OCW), the Fulbright School has begun to publish its teaching and research materials online. FETP OpenCourseWare is not a long-distance learning project, rather it is a resource for people working or studying in policy-related fields to increase their knowledge and explore new approaches to learning and curriculum development."
# Gorbachev: His Life and Times

* This article is part of a series aboutMikhail Gorbachev
Former General Secretary of the CPSU
Former President of the Soviet Union
Early life
Secretariate (1985–1991)
Soviet leader
Perestroika – Uskorenie – Glasnost
Anti-alcohol campaign
Chernobyl disaster
Demokratizatsiya
Law on Cooperatives
Spitak earthquake
Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
1989 elections
Presidency (1990–1991)
Head of state
Assassination attempt
Pavlov reform
New Union Treaty
August Coup
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Foreign policy
New thinking
Murmansk Initiative
Sinatra Doctrine
International trips
Summits
Geneva
Reykjavík
Washington
Moscow
Governors Island
Malta
Helsinki
Letter from Khomeini
Post-leadership
1996 presidential campaign
The Gorbachev Foundation
Green Cross International
Pizza Hut commercial
Social Democratic Party of Russia
Death and funeral
Media gallery :
vte :
Gorbachev: His Life and Times is a 2017 biography of Mikhail Gorbachev by William Taubman.
# Electoral district of Capel

The electoral district of Capel was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. The district was named for the South West town of Capel, located between Bunbury and Busselton, which fell within its borders. The seat was abolished after only one term at the 2007 redistribution, taking effect from the 2008 election due to the one vote one value legislation. Most parts of the seat now fall within the new seat of Collie-Preston, which is regarded as a marginal Labor seat by Antony Green based on 2005 figures, with the Busselton portions becoming part of Vasse.
Capel was created out of parts of Collie, Mitchell and Vasse, accounting for significant population growth in the Busselton-Dunsborough area which had seen Vasse contract to those areas. The seat was first contested in the 2005 election at which Liberal member Steve Thomas was successful.

## Geography

Capel included some outer southern and southeastern suburbs of Bunbury, as well as most of the inland Shire of Busselton and all of the Shires of Capel and Donnybrook-Balingup. Major centres included the Bunbury suburbs of College Grove, Dalyellup, Davenport, Gelorup, Usher and the southern parts of Withers, and the towns of Balingup, Boyanup, Capel, Carbunup River, Donnybrook, Kirup and Yoongarillup. Of these, only the booths around Withers returned a Labor majority.

## Members for Capel

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Steve Thomas | Liberal | 2005–2008 |
# Agios Andreas, Patras

38°14′31″N 21°43′46″E﻿ / ﻿38.24207°N 21.72943°E﻿ / 38.24207; 21.72943 Agios Andreas (Greek: Άγιος Ανδρέας, meaning "Saint Andrew") is a neighbourhood in the south-central part of the city of Patras, 2 km from the downtown core. Agios Andreas is linked with the Akti Dymaion and the GR-9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia) and Korinthou Street. The OSE's SPAP line is 300 m from the old shoreline and 500 m from the new shoreline by the expanded Port of Patras.

## Nearest subdivisions

* Tsivdi, north

## Streets

* Agiou Andreou Street (local and two-way)
* Akti Dymaion and the GR-9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia)
* Korinthou Street
* Maizonos Street
* Papaflessa Street
* Trion Navarchon Street

## Geography

The area is made up of residential homes all over the area, except for the western part where there are several supermarkets and a cinema and trees by the old coastline. Westward is the proposed cargo section of the Port of Patras and several playgrounds. Houses are mainly eight stories tall. Its total area is approximately 2 to 3 km$^2$ and 1 to 1.5 km in length from west to east and 1 km in width from north to south. Its total street length is approximately 20 km of which 4 km are main streets, the rest are residential.

## History

The area used to be farmlands, until the early-20th century when the area saw housing expansion with neoclassical buildings and paved streets. The population grew later on. After World War II and the Greek Civil War, the area saw taller buildings as high as eight stories tall and neoclassical buildings are more rarely seen. A supermarket was added later on in the 1990s and later, a cinema was added. More land was added to the west and in the early-2000s the Port of Patras expanded southward.
# 225th Division

225th Division may refer to:
* 225th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
* 225th Infantry Division
* 225th Rifle Division
# George Osborne Wauchope Stewart

George Osborne Wauchope Stewart, JP was a British banker. He was the deputy chief manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and became the chairman of the Mercantile Bank of India in 1966 after it was acquired by the Hongkong Bank.
Stewart joined the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in around 1929 and worked for it for forty years. He spent his early career in Shanghai. From 1952 to 1953, he was chief accountant of the Bank, and as such Hong Kong banknotes displayed his signature. Later, he was the deputy chief manager under chief manager Michael Turner.
During Turner's absence in 1961, Stewart was appointed provisionally to the Executive Council of Hong Kong for a brief period of time. Stewart was involved in the Hongkong Bank's takeover of the British Bank of the Middle East in 1959 in order to prevent an American bank taking control, as suggested by London manager S. W. P. Perry-Aldworth. Stewart later sat on the board of the British Bank of the Middle East in which he retired in 1969. He became the chairman of the Mercantile Bank, which was acquired by the Hongkong Bank in 1959, in April 1966.
In 1961, he left Hong Kong for London to take the position of the Manager for Europe. He also succeeded S. W. P. Perry-Aldworth as the chairman of the Chinese Bondholders' Committee in December 1961. He held the position until 1968 when he was succeeded by G. P. Stubbs. In 1964, Stewart was also appointed chairman of the London Committee of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He was also the vice chairman of China Association.
Stewart retired in 1969.
# 1828 in China

Events from the year 1828 in China.

## Incumbents

* Daoguang Emperor (8th year)

## Events

* Unknown date – Guangdong Pharmacy Store, as predecessor of Watsons a cosmetics and pharmacy retailer around Southeast Asia, was founded.

## Establishments

* Guangyun Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Cangyuan Va Autonomous County of Yunnan, China. first built in 1828 by the Yunnan government
# Lake Kathryn (Idaho)

Lake Kathryn is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. There are no trails that lead to Lake Kathryn, although it is most easily accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 154 along Redfish Lake Creek.
Lake Kathryn is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. Just to the north of Lake Kathryn are the Upper Redfish Lakes.
Lake Kathryn is named after Kathryn Mills.
# Carmarthenshire Railway or Tramroad

The Carmarthenshire Railway or Tramroad was a horse-worked plateway built in South Wales in 1803.

## History

The Carmarthenshire Railway or Tramroad was authorised under an act of Parliament, the Carmarthenshire Railway or Tramroad Company Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. lxxx), of 3 June 1802 – the first granted for a public railway in Wales – to acquire the existing Carmarthenshire Dock at Llanelly and its feeder tramroad built by Alexander Raby by 1799, thus incidentally becoming the world's first dock-owning public railway company. The first 1.5 mi (2.4 km) from Cwmddyche ironworks down to the sea was open in May 1803 – the first stretch of public railway in use in Britain – and construction ceased in 1805 when the line had reached Gorslas. The engineer was named James Barnes and the gauge was approximately 4 ft (1,219 mm).
The line ceased to operate in or before 1844 and portions of its course were utilised by the Llanelly and Mynydd Mawr Railway, opened in 1881.
# Funagira Dam

The Funagira Dam (船明ダム, Funagira damu) is a dam on the Tenryū River, located in Tenryū district, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan.

## History

The potential of the Tenryū River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the Taishō period Japanese government in the early 20th century. The Tenryū River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current. Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated, and the Tenryū River’s propensity for flooding made flood control a priority. By the late 1960s, numerous dams had been constructed on the river’s upper and middle reaches and on several of its tributaries.
The Funagira Dam was the last major dam to be completed on the Tenryū River, and was built only 30 kilometers from the river mouth at the piedmont point of the river. Construction work began on the Funagira Dam in 1972 and was completed by 1977 by a consortium of the Kumagaya-gumi and Nishimatsu Construction.

## Design

The Funagira Dam is a hollow-core concrete gravity dam with several central spillways. It supplies water to the nearby Funagira Hydroelectric Power Station, with a rated capacity of 32,000 kW.

## Surroundings

The Funagira Dam Reservoir is a popular attraction for canoeing and camping, due to its proximity to downtown Hamamatsu.
# Govan, South Carolina

Govan is a town in Bamberg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 65 at the 2010 census.

## History

Govan is named for the Govan family of South Carolina.

## Geography

Govan is located in western Bamberg County at 33°13′N 81°10′W﻿ / ﻿33.217°N 81.167°W﻿ / 33.217; -81.167 (33.2209, -81.1727). U.S. Route 321 passes through the town, leading north 7 miles (11 km) to Denmark and south 19 miles (31 km) to Fairfax.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.73 square miles (1.9 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 67 people, 30 households, and 21 families residing in the town. The population density was 88.8 inhabitants per square mile (34.3/km$^2$). There were 37 housing units at an average density of 49.0 per square mile (18.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 71.64% White and 28.36% African American.
There were 30 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.68.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 14.9% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 37.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $20,313, and the median income for a family was $21,875. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,834. There were 28.6% of families and 23.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 46.7% of those over 64.

## Education

Since 2022 it is a part of the Bamberg County School District. Prior to 2022, it was in the Bamberg School District Two. The public high school is Denmark-Olar High School.
# Aforia obesa

Aforia obesa is a species of sea snails, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cochlespiridae.

## Distribution

This species is found in deep waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean off Argentina.
# 1846 in rail transport

This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1846.

## Events
### January events

* January 9 – Barentin Viaduct on the Paris–Le Havre railway collapses soon after its completion by English engineers.
* January 13 – Opening of the Milan–Venice railway's 3.2 km (2.0 mi) bridge over the Venetian Lagoon between Mestre and Venice in Italy.

### March events

* March 26 – John M. Forbes becomes president of the Michigan Central Railroad.

### June events

* June 14 – The first Gare du Nord station in Paris, France, is opened.
* June 20 – The Paris–Lille railway is opened in France.
* June 22 – The North British Railway is opened to public traffic between Edinburgh and Berwick-upon-Tweed, the first line to cross the border between Scotland and England. Waverley Station is opened.
* June 26 – The Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) is authorised by Act of Parliament with powers to construct a direct line from London to York with a loop via Boston, 233.5 mi (375.8 km) with a capital of £5,600,000, the largest single scheme ever approved by Parliament.

### July events

* July 1 – The Leeds and Bradford Railway opens between Leeds and Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.
* July 15 – The first railway line in Hungary opens between Pest and Vác.
* July 16 – The London and North Western Railway is formed in England by amalgamation of the London and Birmingham Railway, Grand Junction Railway and Manchester and Birmingham Railway.

### August events

* August 11 – First section of Furness Railway in England opens to mineral traffic; passengers are first carried on December 1.
* August 18 – Gauge Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom rules that new railways in Great Britain should be built to standard gauge and 5 ft 3 inches in Ireland unless otherwise authorised.
* August 28 – Railway Mania reaches its zenith as the Parliament of the United Kingdom closes its session having passed 272 Acts setting up new railway companies.

### September events

* September 21 – The town of Kendal, England, declares a public holiday for the opening of the Kendal, Oxenholme and Lancaster section of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway; the first revenue trains are operated on September 22.
* September 28 – The East Lancashire Railway opens to the public from Clifton Junction to Rawtenstall in England.

### November events

* November 10 – Portland Company established by John A. Poor and Septimus Norris of the Norris Locomotive Works.

### December events

* December 17 – The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway is opened throughout to Carlisle.

## Births
### April births

* April 13 – Lucius E. Johnson, president of the Norfolk and Western Railroad 1904–1921 (d. 1921).

### October births

* October 6 – George Westinghouse, American inventor; developed the Westinghouse air brake (d. 1914).
# Lafauche

Lafauche (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.