OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMIS Kistna

HMIS Kistna (U46) was a Black Swan-class sloop which served in the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during World War II.
After independence, she was commissioned into the Indian Navy as INS Krisna.

## History

HMIS Kistna was ordered under the 1940 Build Programme on 10 September 1941. She was built by Yarrow (Shipbuilders), Limited and commissioned in 1943.
With World War II underway, she was soon deployed for convoy escort duties between the UK and West Africa. In November 1943, while escorting a convoy to Liverpool, the convoy was sighted by German aircraft. Wolfpack Schill was formed to attack the convoy, which was repelled by the escorts, including HMIS Kistna. HMS Chanticleer (U05) was hit by a torpedo and took major damage in the attack. A mercantile vessel being escorted was sunk and another damaged by German aircraft with Hs 293 glider bombs.
HMIS Kistna was transferred to the Eastern Fleet and continued to escort convoys en route to Bombay. In the Eastern Fleet it continued escort duties in the Persian Gulf, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. It supported military operations by the British Indian Army and the British Army in Burma.
In December 1944, she joined a task force with HMIS Jumna, HMIS Narbada (U40) and HMS Flamingo (L18) to support the advance by the Indian Division down the Mayu peninsula in Burma as a part of Operation Romulus.
In January 1945, HMIS Kistna with HMS Phoebe (43), HMS Rapid (H32) and HMS Flamingo, supported the amphibious landings of the Indian 71st Division and the British 4th Division on Ramree Island in Burma, as a part of Operation Matador. It continued to provide naval gunfire support as a part of the operation.
After a refit in Bombay, in April 1945, she was part of the amphibious assault group for the Indian 26th Division on Rangoon during Operation Dracula. Other members of this assault group included HMIS Cauvery (U10), HMIS Godavari (U52), HMIS Narbada, HMIS Sutlej (U95) and HMIS Hindustan.
In July, Kistna was deployed for minesweeping operations to the Malacca Straits during Operation Collie. In August, she conducted preparatory exercises to participate in Operation Zipper to recapture Malaya.
At the end of World War II, Kistna was in Penang during the Japanese surrender there.
After India's independence, she was commissioned into the Indian Navy as INS Krisna. She was a part of the 12th Frigate Squadron, before being used for training purposes. She was decommissioned in 1981 and scrapped.
# Amar Maini

Sir Amar Nath Maini (31 July 1911 – 1999) was a Kenyan lawyer who became a prominent politician in British Uganda, and the first Mayor of Kampala.

## Biography

He was born in Nairobi, East Africa Protectorate in 1911 to Indian Punjabi Hindu parents who had migrated to East Africa from Ludhiana, Punjab, India. He was educated at the Government Indian School in Nairobi and the London School of Economics in the United Kingdom. Thereafter, he studied law and was called to the Bar at Middle Temple.
On completion of his studies, Maini returned to Kenya and practiced as a barrister in Nairobi for a number of years. He served as a Member of Nairobi's Municipal Council between 1933 and 1939. In 1942, he moved to Kampala, Uganda where he soon became active in Ugandan politics and served as a member of the Kampala Township Authority and chairman of the Kampala Municipal Council. He was a member of Uganda's Legislative Council for seventeen years between 1944 and 1961. During this time he served as the Minister of Corporations and Regional Communications between 1955 and 1958, and Minister of Commerce and Industry between 1958 and 1961. Regarded as one of the ablest men in Uganda at the time, the appointment of an Asian minister was met with considerable African opposition. In 1950 he became the first Mayor of Kampala, and remained in the post until 1955. He was awarded a knighthood in the Queen's 1957 New Year Honours for public service in Uganda. In 1961 he became the first East African born Speaker of East African Central Legislative Assembly.
On retirement in 1969, he migrated to the United Kingdom and passed away in London in August 1999 at the age of 88. He was the father of Sir Ravinder Maini.
# Janet Sarbanes

Janet Sarbanes is an American author and a professor of creative writing and cultural studies. Her books Army of One and The Protester Has Been Released are collections of short fiction. Her book Letters on the Autonomy Project is a collection of essays exploring the relation between art and politics via the concept of autonomy. She has published numerous essays on art, aesthetics, pedagogy and communal practice.

## Education

Sarbanes received her B.A. in comparative literature from Princeton and her PhD in English from UCLA. As a Princeton undergraduate, she spearheaded a successful effort to make the words of the school's alma mater gender inclusive.

## Career

Sarbanes teaches creative writing and cultural studies at the California Institute of the Arts.

## Books and Notable Essays
### Letters on the Autonomy Project

Letters on the Autonomy Project was published by punctum books in June 2022.

### The Protester Has Been Released

The Protester Has Been Released is a collection of ten short stories and one novella. It was published by C&R Press in April 2017.

### Army of One

Army of One was published by Otis Press Seismicity Editions in Los Angeles.

### "The Shaker 'Gift' Economy"

Sarbanes received the Eugene Battisti Award from the Society for Utopian Studies for her essay "The Shaker 'Gift' Economy: Charisma, Aesthetic Practice and Utopian Communalism."

### "Reframing the House of Dust"

Sarbanes received the Creative Capital/Andy Warhol Foundation Arts Writers Grant for her essay project "Reframing the House of Dust: A Meditation in Many Parts."

## Personal life

Sarbanes lives in Los Angeles. Her father was former Maryland U.S. Senator Paul Sarbanes and her brother is U.S. Representative John Sarbanes.
# Education Committee

Education Committee may refer to:
* Education Committee (Iceland), a standing committee of the Icelandic parliament
* Education Committee (Sweden), a standing committee of the Riksdag
* Education Select Committee, a standing committee of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
* Gedo Education Committee, a service organization based in Gedo, Somalia
* Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children, Youth and Sports (Parliament of India)
# Harold Edgar Coyle

Harold Edgar Coyle, RIAI (31 January 1882 – 19 January 1961) was an Irish architect of Dún Laoghaire and Dublin and pupil or assistant of Sir Thomas Drew, for whom he supervised the execution in 1911 of the brass memorial tablet in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin by the firm of Sharpe & Emery.
Born in County Dublin, he was the youngest son of Benjamin Coyle of Derrymore, Dalkey. He moved to England around 1925. He was a member of the AAI from 1903 to 1913; Royal Institute of Architects in Ireland from 1919 to 1929, 1940-1946.
# Chaudhry Shabbir Ahmed

Chaudhry Shabbir Ahmed is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 15 January 1970 in Gujrat District.
He has completed Matriculate education.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) from Constituency PP-115 (Gujrat-VIII) in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Frederick S. Hulse

Frederick Seymour Hulse (February 11, 1906 – May 16, 1990) was an American anthropologist.
Hulse was born in New York City in 1906 to Hiram Richard Hulse and the former Frances Burrows Seymour. He had two sisters, Mary and Charity. His parents survived the SS Morro Castle disaster in 1934, which claimed 137 lives. On August 26, 1934, in California, he married Leonie Robinson Mills. She died in a car accident in 1982, in which Hulse himself was injured.
He became interested in anthropology after reading The Racial History of Man by Roland Dixon. Hulse was a student of Earnest Hooton. In his publications he discussed human races in terms of evolutionary dynamics. He is also known for his work with Harry L. Shapiro on Japanese migrant studies. He later became a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Arizona.
He received his BA and PhD from Harvard University.

## Works

* Man and nature: studies in the evolution of the human species (1975)
* The Human Species: an introduction to physical anthropology (1971)
# Dark-rumped rosefinch

The dark-rumped rosefinch (Carpodacus edwardsii) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae.
It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitats are boreal forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.
# Gymnasium Gaussschule

Gymnasium Gaussschule is a Gymnasium (high school) in Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany.

## History

The school was founded in 1909. From 1933 to 1944 the number of students dropped from 415 to 244, under pressure from the Nazi regime. In 2005, a planetarium was opened in the school.

## Notable alumni and teachers

* Theodor Stiebel, founder of Stiebel Eltron
* Hans Jäcker was teaching Latin and sports after his career as football player
* Günter Gaus Journalist-Diplomat
# Ameles moralesi

Ameles moralesi is a species of praying mantis found in Morocco.
# Jako kníže Rohan

Jako kníže Rohan is a Czech drama film. It was released in 1983.

## Cast

* Vladimír Menšík as Špáta
* Ludmila Roubíková as Špátová
* Jana Gýrová as Baruška
* Věra Galatíková as Pacačka
* Ladislav Pešek as Žežulík
* Libuše Havelková as Žežulíková
* Josef Bláha as Krančil
* Simona Stašová as Pepi Krančilová
* Roman Hemala as úřední poslíček
* Václav Kotva as Klabík
* Jan Pohan as Poklasný
* Viktor Maurer as Jiřička
* Mirko Musil as Kubišta
* Jan Faltýnek as Břízek
* Robert Vrchota as Hostinský
* Karel Houska as Doktor
# Eduard Müller (internist)

Eduard Müller (4 January 1876, in Annweiler am Trifels – 30 December 1928, in Marburg) was a German internist and neurologist.
He studied medicine at several German universities, receiving his doctorate from the University of Erlangen in 1898. Following graduation, he spent two years as an assistant at the psychiatric clinic in Freiburg under Hermann Emminghaus and Alfred Hoche, then afterwards worked as an assistant to Carl Weigert at the Senckenberg Institute of Pathology in Frankfurt am Main.
In 1903 he became an assistant in Adolph Strümpell's clinic, initially at Erlangen, and then in Breslau. In 1909 he relocated to the University of Marburg as an associate professor and director of the medical polyclinic. In 1921 he attained a full professorship.
With bacteriologist Georg Jochmann, he developed the "Müller-Jochmann test", a method of differentiating between tuberculous and non-tuberculous pus.

## Selected works

* Die multiple Sklerose des Gehirns und Rückenmarks, ihre Pathologie und Behandlung, 1904 – Multiple sclerosis of the brain and spinal cord, its pathology and treatment.
* Die spinale kinderlähmung : eine klinische und epidemiologische studie, 1910 – Spinal polio: a clinical and epidemiological study.
* Die Frühstadien der epidemischen Kinderlaehmung, 1912 – Early stages of the epidemic poliomyelitis.
* Die therapie des praktischen arztes (2 volumes, 1914–20; as editor) – The therapy of the practical physician.
* Die epidemische Kinderlähmung, 1925 – On epidemic poliomyelitis.
* Die Erkrankungen des Rückenmarks, 1925 – Disorders of the spinal cord.
# Haranggaol

Haranggaol is a subdistrict in Simalungun, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
# Charlotte Klein

Charlotte Bolette Klein née Unna (1834–1915) was a Danish educator and women's rights activist. A motivated teacher, from the mid-1870s until 1907 she was the principal of the Arts and Crafts School for Women in Copenhagen. Klein was a member of the Danish Women's Society and a strong supporter of women's suffrage. Shortly before her death, she published her ideas in Hvad jeg venter af Kvinderne (What I Expect of Women).

## Early life and education

Born on 29 October 1834 in Helsingør, Charlotte Bolette Unna was the daughter of the merchant Simon Unna (1792–1852) and Johanne Marie Schrøder (1800–1877). Brought up in a prosperous home, she received a good general education, including piano lessons. From the age of 12, she showed great interest in woman's place in society.

## Affiliations

In her thirties, Klein established a close friendship with the feminist Mathilde Fibiger who moved to Helsingør in 1864. Her husband, the architect Vilhelm Klein whom she married in October 1866, also supported better conditions for women.
Encouraged by Fibiger, in 1871 she became an enthusiastic member of the newly established Danish Women's Society. One of the Society's principal objectives was to establish schools where women could receive training allowing them to work professionally.
As a result, when the organization founded the Arts and Crafts School for Women in 1875, Klein became its principal. In 1881, the school moved into a new building on H. C. Andersens Boulevard, designed by her husband. Initially she taught at the school without remuneration. With her husband's support, she remained as head until her retirement in 1907. Though they had no children of their own, the couple took special care of Sophy A. Christensen who later became a prominent furniture designer.
Charlotte Klein died on 9 March 1915 in the Copenhagen district of Frederiksberg and is buried is Assistens Cemetery.
# Dark-frame subtraction

In digital photography, dark-frame subtraction is a way to reduce image noise in photographs shot with long exposure times, at high ISO sensitivity or at high temperatures. It takes advantage of two components of image noise that remain the same from one shot to the next, dark current and fixed-pattern noise. Noise from the image sensor include hot pixels, which light up more brightly than surrounding pixels. The technique works by taking a picture with the shutter closed and subtracting that electronically from the original photo exhibiting the noise.
A dark frame is an image captured with the sensor in complete darkness (i.e. with a closed shutter or the lens and viewfinder capped). Such a dark frame is essentially an image of noise produced by the sensor. A dark frame, or an average of several dark frames, can then be subtracted from subsequent images to correct for fixed-pattern noise.
It is important that dark frames are taken at the same ISO sensitivity and exposure time as the original photo, because the brightness of fixed pixel noise is dependent on both. Under these circumstances, a single dark frame can be subtracted from multiple photos taken at these parameters, amounting to a time saving and allowing noise reduction for stacked star trail images, which do not allow interruption.
Dark-frame subtraction is also used in digital photogrammetry, to improve the contrast of satellite and air photograms, and is considered a best practice, along with flat-field correction, for astrophotography.
# Gymnasium Jur Hronec

Gymnázium Jura Hronca (GJH) is a gymnasium (grammar school) in Bratislava, Slovakia.
The school focuses on the study of natural sciences, mathematics, and computer sciences. However, its affiliation with the International Baccalaureate, an active bi-lingual (English – Slovak) programme and the option to study several foreign languages such as French and German, the school has a strong reputation for the study of foreign languages.
In the school year 2005/2006, GJH launched lower programs of IB Primary Years Programme and IB Middle Years Programme.
The school has been recently known as the "Spojená škola Gymnázium Jura Hronca a ZŠ Košická" (United school of the Gymnázium Jura Hronca and the Košická Primary School) after a merge with the primary school Základná škola a osemročné gymnázium Košická sharing the same building.

## History

The school was founded on January 9, 1959, as an 11-year secondary school. In the school year 1969/70 the school was granted the status of a Gymnasium, named after the Slovak mathematician Jur Hronec.
In 1997 the school donated the head of a mummified Egyptian man to the Slovak National Museum.
# Ameles spallanzania

Ameles spallanzania, common name European dwarf mantis, is a species of praying mantis.

## Etymology

The species name spallanzania honors the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani.

## Description

Ameles spallanzania can reach a length of 18–40 millimetres (0.71–1.57 in). Their colour may be brown, green, ocher or grey. The eyes are slightly pointed, antennae are threadlike, the pronotum is short and squared and the broad abdomen of the females is commonly curled upwards. This very small mantid (hence the common name) is characterized by an evident sexual dimorphism. The males are winged and have a quite slender body, while females show stubby bodies and are unable to fly, as they possess only small wing vestiges (brachypterous).

## Biology

This thermophile species shows adaptable life-cycle strategies in different latitudes, as hatching earlier, more than one generation per year or overwintering nymphs or oothecae. Adults can be found from late spring to late summer, depending on the latitude. Nymphs usually hatch in July and the ootheca is commonly laid in September.
Similarly to the common Mantis religiosa the females may cannibalise the males whilst mating.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the Mediterranean area, from Morocco to Greece and from southern Europe to northern Africa (Albania, Algeria, Dalmatia, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia).

## Habitat

These mantids prefer sparse low vegetation in warm, dry places.
# Jacques Lacombe

Jacques Lacombe, CM CQ (born July 14, 1963 in Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec) is a Canadian conductor.

## Biography

Lacombe began his musical learning with choral singing. He later trained as an organist, and continued his studies at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal and at the Hochschule für Musik in Vienna. He was assistant conductor of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra from 1994 to 1998, and later its principal guest conductor from 2002 to 2006. He was chief conductor and music director of Les Grands Ballets Canadiens from 1990 to 2003. He became music director of the Orchestre symphonique de Trois-Rivières (Trois-Rivières Symphony Orchestra) in 2006, and held the post through the close of the 2017-2018 season. In Europe, Lacombe was music director of the Philharmonie de Lorraine in Metz, France from 1998 to 2001.
In November 2008, Lacombe guest-conducted the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra (NJSO) for the first time. This appearance led to his appointment in October 2009 as the NJSO's 13th music director, effective with the 2010-2011 season. Lacombe held the title of music director designate for the 2009-2010 season. His initial contract as music director was for 3 years. In July 2012, the NJSO announced the extension of Lacombe's contract as music director through the 2015-2016 season. He ended his tenure with the NJSO at the conclusion of the 2015-2016 season. Composer Darryl Kubian dedicated his new composition O For a Muse of Fire to Lacombe and the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, who premiered the work in March 2015.
In August 2015, the Theater Bonn announced the appointment of Lacombe as the new chief conductor of Bonn Opera, effective with the 2016-2017 season, with an initial contract of 2 years. Lacombe stood down from the Theater Bonn post in 2018. In June 2017, the Orchestre symphonique de Mulhouse announced the appointment of Lacombe as its next music director and artistic director, effective September 1, 2018. He held the Mulhouse post until 2021. He conducted the French stage premiere of Herrmann's Wuthering Heights in Nancy in May 2019.
In February 2023, the Orchestre classique de Montréal announced the appointment of Lacombe as its next artistic director, effective 1 July 2023, with an initial contract of 5 years. In October 2023, Vancouver Opera announced the appointment of Lacombe as its music director, with immediate effect. In July 2024, the Orchestre classique de Montréal announced the conclusion of Lacombe's tenure as its next artistic director, with immediate effect.
Lacombe and his wife Janet, who first met in 2003, married in 2004. Lacombe was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 2012, and a Member of the Order of Canada the following year.
# Jane Myron

Jane Myron was an American politician and restaurateur who served as mayor of Johnson City, Tennessee, from 2009 to 2011.

## Early life and education

Myron was born on September 13, 1950, in Nashville, Tennessee. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Home Economics from University of Tennessee and was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church.

## Career

A small business-owner, Myron was the owner of Jane's Lunchbox, a luncheonette specializing in health-conscious traditional Appalachian home-style cuisine.
Myron became Mayor of Johnson City when incumbent, Phil Roe, resigned after winning a seat in the United States House of Representatives. Prior to becoming mayor, Myron had been serving as Vice Mayor from 2007 to 2009. On January 29, 2009, she announced her candidacy for re-election to a four-year term as City Commissioner.
Myron's commission term expired in May 2013. She was succeeded as Mayor by Ralph Van Brocklin.

## Death

Myron died on March 10, 2020, in Franklin, Tennessee, at the age of 69.
# Eduard Mössmer

Eduard Mössmer (21 February 1934 – 20 April 2007) was an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Winter Olympics.
# Harold Hallman

Harold Hallman (December 10, 1962 – December 23, 2005) was a Canadian Football League (CFL) defensive tackle who played eight seasons in the CFL, mainly for the Toronto Argonauts. Hallman was a four-time All Star and won a Grey Cup with Toronto in 1991. He also won both the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award and the Jackie Parker Trophy in 1986. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) in the 10th round of the 1986 NFL draft, after playing college football at Auburn University. His selection by the 49ers was made following a recommendation to 49ers head coach Bill Walsh by actor Bradford Dillman. Hallman died in a Macon, Georgia hospital after surgical complications.

## College career

Hallman played college football at Auburn University. He was a starting nose guard for three seasons.
# Freda Steel

Freda M. Steel was appointed to the Manitoba Court of Queen's Bench on October 5, 1995. She replaced Michel Monnin, upon his appointment to the Manitoba Court of Appeal. On February 29, 2000, she was appointed to the Manitoba Court of Appeal. She replaced Sterling R. Lyon, who had opted to become a supernumerary judge.
Steel received her Bachelor of Laws from the University of Manitoba in 1975 and her master's degree from Harvard Law School in 1978. She was called to the Manitoba Bar in 1976 and to the Ontario Bar in 1980.
From 1975 to 1977, she practised law with Richardson and Company in Winnipeg. From 1978 to 1982, she was an assistant professor of law with the Common Law Section of the University of Ottawa. From 1982 to 1989, she was an associate professor of law at the University of Manitoba, where she served as associate dean of law from 1983 to 1984. From 1989 to 1992, she was director of professional education at the Law Society of Manitoba. From 1992 until her appointment to the bench in 1995, she returned to her role as a professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Manitoba. Madam Justice Steel has taught family law, clinical family law, ethics and professional responsibility, as well as torts. She also acted as a labour arbitrator. From 1993 until 1995, she acted as counsel to the Office of the Children's Advocate. Steel is the author or co-author of various publications and articles on family law, torts and equality rights. Madam Justice Steel has regularly participated in continuing legal education programs for members of both the Manitoba Bench and Bar.