OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edna Payne

Edna Payne (December 5, 1891 – January 31, 1953) was an American silent screen motion picture actress. She was not in any feature-length films, but is regarded as a "pioneer" in the film industry because she was in many short films from 1911 through 1917.

## Career

Her parents were both stage actors, so Payne began her career as a child in vaudeville, making her movie debut in Higgenses Versus Judsons (1911). She played the lead in reel dramas, and later in a few reel westerns including The Girl Stage Driver (1914). Although her film career was confined to the 1910s, she took part in countless productions.

## Family

She was married to actor Jack Rollens, whom she divorced in 1925. She had two children, Edna J, born in 1919, and Jack A, born in 1921.
# Christina Basin Airport

Christina Basin Airport (TC LID: CFF2) is located near Christina Basin, Alberta, Canada.
# (Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer

(Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer is the organoruthenium compound with the formula [(C$_6$H$_6$)RuCl$_2$]$_2$. This red-coloured, diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.

## Preparation, structure, and reactions

The dimer is prepared by the reaction of cyclohexadienes with hydrated ruthenium trichloride. As verified by X-ray crystallography, each Ru center is coordinated to three chloride ligands and a η$^6$-benzene. The complex can be viewed as an edge-shared bioctahedral structure.
(Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer reacts with Lewis bases to give monometallic adducts:
    [(C$_6$H$_6$)RuCl$_2$]$_2$ + 2 PPh$_3$ → 2 (C$_6$H$_6$)RuCl$_2$(PPh$_3$)

## Related compounds

* (cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, a more soluble analogue of (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer.
* (mesitylene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, another more soluble derivative.
# Halwani

Halwani and the variant Halawani sometimes with the definite article -al and -el may refer to:

## Halwani

* Amr El Halwani (born 1985), Egyptian footballer
* Yazan Halwani, Lebanese artist and graffiti artist
* Raja Halwani (born 1967), American-Lebanese philosopher

## Halawani

* Ayman Halawani, now known as Richard Halawani, American entrepreneur and film producer
* Mohamed El-Halawani (born 1936), Egyptian rower
* Rula Halawani (born 1964), Palestinian photographer and educator
# Conostylis caricina

Conostylis caricina is a flowering plant in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb with flat leaves and heads of 6 to 8 creamy-yellow flowers.

## Description

Conostylis caricina is a rhizomatous, tufted, grass-like plant or herb that typically grows to 5–20 cm (2.0–7.9 in) high and has short stems. The leaves are flat, 50–300 mm (2.0–11.8 in) long with fibrous margins. The flower stem is 320–500 mm (13–20 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long. The flowers are 20–120 mm (0.79–4.72 in) long with a head of 6 to 8 flowers with a single, brown, membrane-like bract 5–30 mm (0.20–1.18 in) long. The perianth is creamy yellow, 4–15 mm (0.16–0.59 in) long with wooly hairs on the outside, with claw-like lobes 3–9 mm (0.12–0.35 in) long. The anthers are 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long and the style 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs from July to September.

## Taxonomy and naming

Conostylis caricina was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley and the description was published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (caricina) means "rush-like".
In 1987, Stephen Hopper described two subspecies of C. caricina in Flora of Australia, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Conostylis caricina Lindl. subsp. caricina has leaves 100–300 mm (3.9–11.8 in) long, the perianth 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long.
* Conostylis caricina subsp. elachys Hopper has leaves 50–100 mm (2.0–3.9 in) long, the perianth 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

This conostylis occurs in the area between Gunyidi, Marradong and Dowerin in the Darling Range in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia. Subspecies elachys is found further east between Gunyidi, Calingiri and Goomalling in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest bioregions.

## Conservation status

Conostylis caricina is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, but subspecies elachys is classified as "Priority One", meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations that are potentially at risk.
# Chakchaki

Chakchaki is a village development committee in Jhapa District in the Province No. 1 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 8410 people living in 1592 individual households.
# Healing the ear of a servant

Healing the ear of a servant is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels. Even though the incident of the servant's ear being cut off is recorded in all four gospels, Matthew 26:51; Mark 14:47; Luke 22:51; and John 18:10–11; the servant and the disciple are named as Malchus and Simon Peter only in John. Only Luke records that Jesus healed the servant.
The Gospel of Luke (22:49-51) describes Jesus healing the servant of a high priest during the Arrest of Jesus after one of the followers of Jesus had cut his right ear off:
   When Jesus' followers saw what was going to happen, they said, "Lord, should we strike with our swords?" And one of them struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his right ear. But Jesus answered, "No more of this!" And he touched the man's ear and healed him.
This healing episode follows the kiss of Judas and is the last miracle reported in the Canonical Gospels prior to the Crucifixion of Jesus.
# Framework convention

Framework convention may refer to:
* Framework Convention Alliance for Tobacco Control, in the United States
* Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, by the Council of Europe
* Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea
* Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians
* Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
* United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
* World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
# Frederick K. Burnham

Frederick K. Burnham was the winner of the APBA Challenge Cup with his boat Dixie III in 1910. He was also a winner of the Harmsworth Cup.

## Biography

In 1910 and 1911 he won the Harmsworth Trophy for power boat racing in his boats Dixie III and Dixie IV.
In 1911 he was charged with criminal negligence and cowardice by Dr. R.A. Toms, Justice of the Peace of Tonawanda, New York. Harold W. Bell was killed when Burnham's motorboat, the Dixie IV, ran ashore while competing in championship races here on September 16, 1911.
Burnham married, in June 1907, Lillian Richardson Baldwin (1882-1967), who was a niece of the opera star Lillian Nordica. They divorced in 1912 and had two children: Frederick W. Burnham (born 1908) and Annette Patricia Burnham (1910-1966).
# Education Conservancy

The Education Conservancy is an American educational non-profit organization headed by director Lloyd Thacker. It describes its goal as being "committed to improving college admission processes for students, colleges and high schools."

## Criticism of college rankings

In May 2007, a movement criticizing the practice of college rankings was initiated by Thacker. It follows previous movements in the U.S. and Canada (by schools in the 1990s such as Reed College, Stanford University, and Alma College, as well as a number of universities in Canada in 2006) that have criticized the practice of college rankings.
The Presidents Letter (dated May 10, 2007), which was developed by Thacker, was sent to college and university presidents in the United States in May 2007. The letter does not ask for a full boycott but rather states:
   While we believe colleges and universities may want to cooperate in providing data to publications for the purposes of rankings, we believe such data provision should be limited to data which is collected in accord with clear, shared professional standards (not the idiosyncratic standards of any single publication), and to data which is required to be reported to state or federal officials or which the institution believes (in accord with good accountability) should routinely be made available to any member of the public who seeks it.
Instead, it asks presidents not to participate in the "reputational survey" portion of the overall survey (this section accounts for 25% of the total rank and asks college presidents to give their subjective opinion of other colleges). The letter also asks presidents not to use the rankings as a form of publicity:
   Among other reasons, we believe … rankings: imply a false precision and authority that is not warranted by the data they use; obscure important differences in educational mission in aligning institutions on a single scale; say nothing or very little about whether students are actually learning at particular colleges or universities; encourage wasteful spending and gamesmanship in institutions' pursuing improved rankings; overlook the importance of a student in making education happen and overweight the importance of a university's prestige in that process; and degrade for students the educational value of the college search process.
Twelve college and university presidents originally signed the letter in early May. The letter currently has 61 signatures, though others may be added at a later date.

### Debate

A debate concerning the decision of the Annapolis Group to offer an alternative set of data as part of the movement challenging commercial college rankings was published as a podcast in the June 25, 2007, issue of Inside Higher Ed. The debate was between Thacker and U.S. News editor Brian Kelly. The debate was moderated by Inside Higher Ed reporter Scott Jaschik.
# Christopher Reynolds (politician)

Christopher Reynolds was not a politician but was sent as a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses for one session to rebuke in the late 1652 session the alleged excesses of his predecessor, which Reynolds did.
He was an ancestor of R. J. Reynolds. Other notable descendants include Samuel Langhorne Clemens “Mark Twain” and "Lonesome" Charley Reynolds.

## Early life

Christopher Reynolds was born in Gravesend, England in 1611, the son of George Reynolds and Thomasyn Church.
He arrived in the Virginia Colony along with several family members, including his brother Thomas, in 1622 aboard the John & Francis. As his party arrived very shortly after the Massacre of 1622, they first lived in Jamestowne, but eventually went across the James River as originally planned to settle as indentured servants in Warrascoyack County, Virginia, later named Isle of Wight County.
Eleven years old when he arrived in Jamestowne, he was an indentured servant of Edward Bennett's Plantation, where he was still living in 1625. In 1626 he was documented in a legal dispute concerning the contract of other servants on the Bennett plantation.
Although there are many references to the information above, there are many who question the parents of Christopher being George and Thomasyn. After much research, the Reynolds Family Association does not accept this as fact. There are two very well written and referenced articles to be found at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120103062202/http://www.reynoldsfamily.org/line17/chris_4.html and http://www.genfiles.com/reynolds/Reynoldschron1622-1699.htm that cast serious doubt on the accuracy of the conclusions of the writers of the sources quoted for this information. [Whether the “Reynolds Family Association” should be ascribed any authority at all remains to be proved, as its existence is novel at best. It might also be pointed out that this is the organization that created and endorsed the spurious three-fox "coat of arms" still foisted on the public.-—Douglas W. Reynolds, Jr.]

## Late life

By 1636, he had settled on 450 acres (180 ha) in what eventually became Isle of Wight County near Pagan Creek. He had married Elizabeth, a widow with two children. They raised seven children, several who were mentioned in his will in 1654: son Christopher, son John, son Richard, daughter Abbasha, daughter Elizabeth, daughter Jane, stepson George Rivers, unnamed (unborn son Thomas, born 1655).

### Representative

In 1652, he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses.
# 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ (3Z)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate and O$_2$, whereas its product is (3Z)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
This enzyme participates in naphthalene and anthracene degradation. It employs one cofactor, iron.

## Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O$_2$ as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O$_2$. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate-degrading enzyme, and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid dioxygenase.
# Handbook of Porphyrin Science

Published by World Scientific, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science: With Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine is a multi-volume reference set edited by scientists Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and Roger Guilard. The first ten volumes were published in 2010 and the next ten are expected to be published in 2011.
Topics covered include:
* Developments in Supramolecular Chemistry Based on Porphyrins and Related Systems
* Involvement of Porphyrins and Related Systems in Catalysis
* Phototherapy, Radioimmunotherapy and Imaging
* Advances in Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines and Related Systems
* Heme Proteins
The current work stems from World Scientific's Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (JPP) and from the research interests of the three editors and hundreds of authors who have presented the results of their research in this society-run journal since its founding in 1997.
# Arachnoobius

Arachnoobius is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.
# Health Protection Scotland

Health Protection Scotland (HPS) is the organisation that co-ordinates health protection in Scotland. It is part of Public Health Scotland.
HPS took over the functions of the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health (SCIEH) in November 2004. Other functions from National Services Scotland were also added.
HPS was succeeded by Public Health Scotland in April 2020. This new agency is a collaborative approach by both the Scottish Government and COSLA based on the Public Health Reform Programme.

## Activities

HPS provides advice, support and information to health professionals, national government, local government, and the general public. It is responsible for developing and maintaining a range of websites.

## Fit for Travel

HPS maintains "Fit for Travel", a website that provides travellers and their advisers with detailed information on health risks. The website offers general health advice, as well as specific advice on use of antimalarial tablets and vaccine recommendations. It includes a country by country index and specific information for different groups of travellers, such as backpackers, young children, pregnant women and the elderly, as well as those with medical conditions such as diabetes and asthma.
# Frederick K. Cox International Law Center

The Frederick K. Cox International Law Center is a research center founded at Case Western Reserve University School of Law that focuses on the legal study of international law. The Center sponsors conferences, visiting lecturers, the Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, the Case Western Reserve team for the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, the Summer Institute for Global Justice, and the War Crimes Research Office. Members of the Center do research and write books, articles, and weblogs, for which the Center holds the specification.
The Cox Center was established in 1991 with a multimillion-dollar special endowment by The George Gund Foundation. The Cox Center has also received endowment money and grants from Bruce J. Klatsky, the Wolf Family Foundation, the Yanowitz Family Foundation, and the Open Society Institute.

## War Crimes Research Office

Founded in 2002, the War Crimes Research Office undertakes research projects for five war crimes tribunals and other international organizations, hosts a war crimes trial blog and e-newsletter, and sponsors an annual war crimes research symposium.

### Research Projects

The War Crimes Research Portal “contains over a thousand links to websites related to international humanitarian law which are arranged alphabetically by subject area including a summary of each site. Keyword searching is available. A very special feature is the access it provides to … research memoranda on issues pending before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, [the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia,] and the International Criminal Court. Analysis articles and a bibliography are also provided.”

### Blog

The Grotian Moment blog, established in September 2005, is a source of expert advice on war crimes trials such as the trial of Saddam Hussein. It features essays by a panel of experts on developments related to major war crimes trials, as well as newspaper articles, and documents related to the tribunals.

### Newsletter

The Frederick K. Cox International Law Center contributes, together with Public International Law & Policy Group, to the preparation of "War Crimes Prosecution Watch", a biweekly compilation of official documents and articles about the investigation and prosecution of war crimes. It is funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Open Society Institute.
# A1 Srbija

A1 Srbija d.o.o. (formerly Vip mobile) is a Serbian mobile network operator owned by A1 Telekom Austria Group. As of 2020, it is the third largest mobile telephony operator with market share of 25.67%.

## History

On 1 December 2006, the mobilkom Austria group became the owner of the third mobile telephone license in Serbia for GSM 900/1800 and UMTS networks, through a payment of €320 million. The license was legally transferred to Vip.
Considering the great potential of the Serbian telecommunications market, the mobilkom Austria group has planned to invest up to €570 million in its first four years of operations, including the €320 million it spent on acquiring its operating license in Serbia in 2006. This makes Vip the biggest Greenfield investment in Serbia so far. In 2008, Vip became general sponsor of Serbian national volleyball team.
According to the 2015 annual financial report, company had revenue of €206.8 million, with 2.1 million customers it held a market share of 22,5%.

## Network information

The IMSI - Network Code of Vip is 220-05 and MSISDN Network Codes are 060 (international: +381 60), 061 (international: +381 61) and 068 (international: +381 68).

## Network technology

* 2G (GSM, GPRS, EDGE up to 250 kbit/s) on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz
* 3G (HSPA+ up to 42 Mbit/s) on 900 MHz and 2100 MHz
* 4G (LTE up to 225 Mbit/s) on 800 and 1800 MHz
Vip previously used national roaming with mt:s and Telenor.
License obligations for the end of 2010 require Vip to cover 80% of territory and 90% of population with its own quality signal. So far, all requirements in terms of coverage given by the license are achieved and Vip signal is available all over Serbia.
# 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase

In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate, whereas its two products are ADP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called type II PIP kinase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton.
# Conservation of Seals Act 1970

The Conservation of Seals Act 1970 (c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent on 29 May 1970.

## Criticism

In 2007 there has been a call for better seal protection by Animal Concern and the Marine Conservation Society. The animal groups claim thousands seals are killed by fishing, fish farming and salmon angling industries. Animal welfare and conservation groups have called for new legislation to protect seals in Scottish waters. The Scottish Seals Forum is being asked to back calls to the Scottish Government for a comprehensive review of the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 after severe declines in common seal populations.
# Arachnopeziza

Arachnopeziza is a genus of fungi within the Hyaloscyphaceae family. The genus contains 15 species.
# Francis Hyett

Sir Francis Adams Hyett (1844–1941) was chairman of Gloucestershire County Council from 1918 to 1920.

## Early life and family

Francis Hyett was born in Painswick House in 1844, the son of William Henry Hyett. He was educated at Eton College, and matriculated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1864, graduating B.A. in 1868. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1872, and worked as a conveyancer.

## Career

Hyett was a co-founder of the Marling School in Stroud.
Hyett was chairman of Gloucestershire County Council from 1918 to 1920.
From 1895 to 1937, he served as chairman of Barnwood House Hospital, a private Mental Asylum in the outskirts of Gloucester. His Father was instrumental in the founding of the hospital in Barnwood and was its first chairman.

## Death and legacy

Hyett died in 1941. His portrait by Hugh Goldwin Riviere is in Gloucester Shire Hall.

## Selected publications

* Gloucester and her Governor during the Great Civil War. A lecture, etc. John Bellows, Gloucester, 1891.
* The Civil War in the Forest of Dean, 1643-1645. 1895.
* The Painswick Annual Register. Jan. 1890-Dec. 1899. A decade of parochial history. Gloucester, 1900. (compiler)
* Florence. Her History and Art to the Fall of the Republic. Methuen, London, 1903.
* An Octet of Sonnets by F. A. H. With Christmas Greetings from the Author. Essex House Press, Chipping Campden, 1905.
* Gloucester in National History. John Bellows, Gloucester; Kegan Paul & Co., London; 1906.
* Chattertoniana, Being a Classified Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, Magazine Articles, & Other Printed Matter Relating to the Life or Works of Chatterton, or to the Rowley Controversy. John Bellows, Gloucester, 1914. (With William Bazeley)
* Glimpses of the History of Painswick, with a Bibliography of its Literature. John Bellows, Gloucester, 1928.