OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack Stevens (footballer, born 1909)

John Stevens (1 February 1909 – after 1943) was an English professional footballer who made more than 200 Football League appearances playing as a centre half for Ashington, Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion.

## Life and career

Stevens was born in Broomhill, Northumberland. As a young man, he was a professional sprinter who won the Morpeth Handicap Sprint. He began his Football League career with Ashington, for whom he appeared twice, and was on the books of Manchester City without playing first-team football, before joining Stockport County in late 1932. He became a regular for Stockport over the next 18 months, was ever-present in the 1933–34 season, and appeared on the losing side in the inaugural Third Division North Cup Final. Stevens then signed for Brighton & Hove Albion. Appearing infrequently in his first season, he missed only five Third Division South matches in the next three, before losing his place to Peter Trainor in 1938–39. He remained with the club during the first season of wartime competition before joining the Manchester Police.
# James Hamilton of Cadzow

Sir James Hamilton of Cadzow, 5th Laird of Cadzow (before 1397 – c. 1440) was a Scottish nobleman and royal hostage.

## Biography

The son of Sir John Hamilton of Cadzow and his wife, Jacoba Douglas, James Hamilton is first attested to in 1397. In a writ of that year, his father Sir John Hamilton granted him the lands and privileges of Kinneil, in return for the superiority of all property that had been promised to him through his marriage after his attainment of majority.
Hamilton next comes to notice in a Safe-conduct issued by Henry V of England to travel to Calthorpe Castle in Lincolnshire.
In 1424, Hamilton was one of the Scottish Lords allowed passage to Durham to visit the captive James I of Scotland. In the same year, he was one of many Scots hostages given to the English as security for the payment of the ransom of the newly freed King of Scots. His estate was valued at 500 merks.
Hamilton was confined first at Fotheringay Castle, then at Dover Castle. He appears to have been released by 1426. He was invested as a knight before 1430.
Hamilton died not later than 1441, when his son is described as Lord of Cadzow.

## Marriage and children

James Hamilton married Janet Livingston before 1422, when he received a charter of the lands of Schawis from his father-in-law, Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar. By Janet Livingston, Hamilton had six children:
* James Hamilton, 6th Laird of Cadzow - later made a Lord of Parliament as 1st Lord Hamilton
* Alexander Hamilton - ancestor of the Hamiltons of Silvertonhill
* John Hamilton
* Gavin Hamilton - ancestor of the Hamiltons of Dalzell
* Agnes Hamilton - married Sir James Hamilton of Preston
* Elizabeth Hamilton - married Chalmers of Gadgirth
# Eastern Recherche Marine Park

Eastern Recherche Marine Park is a marine park adjacent to the Recherche Archipelago, close to the Western Australian Cape Arid National Park, and 135 km east of Esperance, on the south coast of Western Australia. It has consists of two sections: one of 5,010 km$^2$ (1,930 sq mi) which is managed as an IUCN protected area category VI ( sustainable use of natural resources), and a further section of 15,565 km$^2$ (6,010 sq mi) which is managed as an IUCN protected area category II (national park). The maximum depth of the park is 6,000 metres (20,000 ft).
It was proclaimed under the EPBC Act in 2013 and given its present name in 2017.
The park contains habitats adjacent to the Recherche Archipelago, which contains over 150 islands stretching over 200 km$^2$ of ocean, and is an area of high biodiversity. It also contains an extensive area of rocky reef environments, in addition to seagrass habitats. Both the reef and seagrass habitats support many warm temperate species.
The park contains two known shipwrecks listed under the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1997: Rodondo (1894) and the Start (1879).
# François de Casembroot

François de Casembroot (Liège, 26 July 1817 – The Hague, 14 April 1895) was an officer of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
Casembroot was named Commander of the 16-gun warship Medusa, which patrolled the Japanese coast from 1862 to 1864. On July 11, 1863, the ship was attacked in the Strait of Shimonoseki by the ships and the batteries of the daimyō of Chōshū, Mōri Takachika, who was following an Imperial "Order to expel barbarians" (攘夷実行の勅命 – Jōi jikkō no chokumei). Casembroot managed to respond and escape, although with significant damage. Four sailors were killed in action, and 5 other were wounded.
The following year, in September 1864, Casembroot participated to the Allied retaliations against Chōshū, again on the Medusa, in the Bombardment of Shimonoseki.
Back in the Netherlands, Casembroot was complimented for his actions in Japan, was knighted and was decorated together with his men.
In 1865, Casembroot wrote an account of his adventures in Japan, entitled De medusa in wateren van Japan ("The Medusa in the waters of Japan").
# Charles ffrench-Constant

Charles Kenvyn ffrench-Constant FRCP FMedSci FRSE is a neurology researcher, specialising in multiple sclerosis. He has been recognised for his "fundamental and sustained contributions that underpin much contemporary research in developmental and regenerative neuroscience".

## Education and early career

ffrench-Constant gained an MA in Physiology from the University of Cambridge and an MB, BChir in Medicine from Middlesex Hospital in 1980. As a graduate student in the laboratory of Martin Raff at University College London, ffrench-Constant discovered that there are small numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in cell suspensions prepared from adult rat optic nerves. He gained his PhD in neuroscience from UCL in 1986. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he returned to Cambridge and took up a postdoctoral fellowship at the Wellcome/CRC institute (now the Gurdon Institute).

## Later career

ffrench-Constant started his own laboratory in Cambridge in 1991, focusing on developmental and regenerative biology. From 1999–2007 he was Professor of Neurological Genetics at Cambridge. In 2007, he moved to become Professor of Medical Neurology at the University of Edinburgh. He has been co-Director of the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic since 2012 and from 2010–2015 was Director of the Centre for Regenerative Medicine.
In March 2021, the University of East Anglia announced that ffrench-Constant had been appointed as Pro-Vice-Chancellor for the faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, starting June 2021.

## Awards and honours

ffrench-Constant was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2017, and as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2018. He was awarded the Chancellor's Award for Research Excellence in 2019, in recognition of his outstanding research in the field of Neurobiology.

## Personal life

ffrench-Constant enjoys sailing and walking, and is a season ticket holder at Norwich City F.C.
# Dan Milford

Daniel West Milford (3 December 1876 – 10 September 1950) was a Welsh trade unionist.
Born in Cardiff, Milford worked as a docker. He joined the Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union around the turn of the century, and served as its president from 1913. The dockers' union became part of the Transport and General Workers' Union, and from 1929 Milford served as secretary of its Docks Group, soon additionally becoming secretary of the union's Waterways Group.
Milford retired in 1941, but remained involved with the industry, in 1943 serving on a committee investigating the handling of explosives by dockers. He died in Essex in 1950.
# Gymnopilus aeruginosus

Gymnopilus aeruginosus, also known as the magic blue gym, is a mushroom-forming fungus that grows in clusters on dead wood and wood chip mulch. It is widely distributed and common in the Pacific Northwest. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste and contains the psychedelic chemical psilocybin. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951.

## Description

The species is psychoactive, containing the hallucinogenic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. The specific epithet aeruginosus refers to the bluish staining caused by psilocin polymerization.

### Cap

The cap is 5–15 cm across, convex with an incurved margin and expands to broadly convex to almost plane in age. The top is dry, fibrillose, and scaly, often with a blueish-green tinge when young. The color is variable, often with various bluish-green, pink, or vinaceous patches. The cap is sometimes cracked in age. The flesh is pallid to whitish, sometimes turning buff or pinkish-buff in age. The scales are tawny or reddish becoming dark brown.

### Gills

The gills are close or crowded, and broad. They are buff to yellow-orange or ochre, and adnexed to adnate. They are at first slightly decurrent, often seceding. The edges are even to slightly rough.

### Spores

Spores are 6—9 μm by 3.5—4.5 μm and have no germ pore. They are roughened and elliptical. Pleurocystidia are rare and clamp connections are present. The basidia each have four spores. Gymnopilus aeruginosus has a rusty to rusty-orange or rusty-cinnamon spore print.

### Stipe

The stipe is 5–12 cm long, 1.0—1.5 cm thick, and has a more or less equal structure. It is covered with appressed fibrils, soon disappearing. It is smooth, dry, dusted with rusty orange spores and has a cottony, scanty, yellowish, partially fibrillose veil that leaves an evanescent zone of hairs near the apex of the stipe. It is colored more or less like the cap; it is flesh whitish, tinged greenish or bluish-green, becoming yellowish or pinkish-brown when dry. It is solid but becomes hollow, and is sometimes striated.

## Habitat and formation

Gymnopilus aeruginosus grows gregariously to cespitosely on stumps, logs, and woodchip mulch/sawdust on hardwood and conifers. It grows in spring, fall, and winter, and is common in the Pacific Northwest. It also grows in some of the southern states of the United States, such as Tennessee, and Georgia. G. aeruginosus is also found in Japan and Korea.
# Aloys Pichler

Aloys Pichler (1833–1874) was a German librarian and Roman Catholic priest and theologian.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1833 at Burgkirchen am Wald in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau. He studied at the Passau Lyceum and at Munich, and in 1857 he received the prize for an essay on Polybius. Two years later he was made a priest; in 1861 he was honored with the theological doctorate, and in the following year he commenced his lectures on Church history.

## Career and downfall

In 1869 he was appointed librarian at St. Petersburg; but two years later he was found to be guilty of kleptomaniac propensities in his official capacity, and as he had robbed the library of many valuable possessions, he was brought to trial, found guilty, and condemned to banishment to Siberia, where he remained till 1874, when he was pardoned through the intervention of the Bavarian prince Leopold. Pichler then returned to his native country. He died on 3 June 1874 in Siegdorf, near Trauenstein.

## Works

He wrote, Geschichte des Protestantisnus in der orientalischen Kirche im 17 Jahrhund., oder der Patriarch Cyrillus Lucaris u. seine Zeit (Munich, 1861): — Die orientalische Kitchenfrage nach ihrem gegenwartigen Stande (ibid. 1861): — Geschichte der kirchlichen Trennung zwischen Orient und Occident (1864-65, 2 volumes); which had the distinction of being placed on the Romish Index — Die Theologie des Leibnitz (1869 sq., 2 volumes): — Die wahren Hindernisse und die Grundbedingungen einer durchgreifenden Reform der Kirche (1870). Towards the last he became more estranged from his Church. See Ztchhold, Bibliotheca Theologica. 2:995; Literarischer Hardweiser furs katholische Deutschland, 1874, page 335 sq.; Kurtz, Lehrbuch der Kircherngesch. 7th ed., 2:357. (B.P.)
# Jacques Anselme Dorthès

Jacques Anselme Dorthès, born in Vauvert (Gard) on 19 July 1759 and died during the 1794 campaign of the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, was a French physician, entomologist and naturalist.

## Biography

Destined to enter the orders, he abandoned the seminary in 1784 and turned to medicine.
He studied at the University of Montpellier where he became a doctor of medicine in 1787. At the same time, he became interested in entomology and botany, particularly with Antoine Gouan.
He participated unsuccessfully in the competition for the medicine professorship of 1789-1790 opened on the death of professors Jean Sabatier and Jean-Charles de Grimaud.
He died on active service during the campaign of 1794, when he had gone to serve voluntarily as a military doctor in hospitals.

## Works

On December 20, 1787, he read to the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier a memoir containing observations on a new genus of insect. The protonym Dorthesia, given to a scale insect, was created in its honour following this first description on the leaves of a euphorbia (Euphorbia charachias) near Nîmes. The species Dorthesia characias was described by Arsène Thiébaut de Berneaud [fr].
John Obadiah Westwood described the species Dorthesia seychellarum later called Icerya seychellarum. The name Dorthesia was changed to Dorthezia and then to Orthezia.
The same year, he joined the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier. He successively published various productions relating to natural history and rural economy:
* Observations of a singular phenomenon, caused by a multitude of black ants (Formica nigra) gathered in the atmosphere, which they obscure like a cloud;
* Research on the pine processionary caterpillar;
* Memories on how to protect chestnut trees from caterpillar damage, on the insects that devour young plants, on those that damage wheat and alfalfa;
* Memory on the clematis (Clematis flammula) with which he proposes to form artificial meadows, to multiply and improve the fodder in his regions;
* Overview of the Mediterranean aggradations in the Lower Languedoc.
In 1788, he won the prize of the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier by writing the eulogy of Pierre Richer de Belleval.
He published a number of entomological articles in the “Mémoires de la Société royale d'agriculture de France” of which he was a corresponding member.
He was a member of the Linnean Society of London and he corresponded with James Edward Smith.
He was also a competent geologist. We owe him a dissertation on the rolled pebbles of the Rhône composed with the Baron de Servières and dissertations on other stones around Nîmes including variolite.
# James Pruitt

James Bouvias Pruitt (born January 29, 1964) is a former professional American football wide receiver who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins from 1986 to 1988 and 1990 to 1991, and the Indianapolis Colts from 1988 to 1989. He was selected by the Dolphins in the fourth round of the 1986 NFL draft. He finished his career in the Canadian Football League (CFL) playing for the Ottawa Rough Riders and Sacramento Gold Miners.
# Haplocochlias risoneideneryae

Haplocochlias risoneideneryae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil.
# Fred Bemment

Frederick Charles Bemment (12 October 1884 – 1957) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Chesterfield Town and Notts County.
# Danao

Danao may refer to:

## Places

* Danao, Bohol, Philippines
* Danao, Cebu, Philippines
* Danao, a barangay in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines
* Danao, a barangay in Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
* Danao-Danao Island, Iloilo

## People

* Bimbo Danao (1915 – 1967), Filipino actor
* Johnoy Danao, Filipino independent musician, composer, and singer-songwriter
* Kiwi Alejandro Danao Camara (b. 1984), Filipino-American attorney
* Pilar Manalo Danao (1914 - 1987)

## Other uses

* Danao languages
* Lake Danao (disambiguation)
# 2021 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 2021 in Germany.

## Incumbents

* President: Frank-Walter Steinmeier
* Chancellor:
** Angela Merkel (until 8 December 2021)
** Olaf Scholz (from 8 December 2021)

## Ongoing

* COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

## Events

* 4 January – The COVID-19 lockdown is extended until 31 January.
* 15/16 January – January 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election
* 4 March – most of Germany's major media outlets reports that the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) had placed Alternative for Germany AfD under surveillance as a suspected extremist group.
* 14 March – 2021 Baden-Württemberg state election
* 14 March – 2021 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
* 14 March – 2021 Hessian local elections
* 6 June – 2021 Saxony-Anhalt state election
* 25 June – 2021 Würzburg stabbing
* 12 July – the 2021 European floods began
* 27 July – 2021 Leverkusen explosion
* 26 September – 2021 German federal election
* 26 September – 2021 Berlin state election
* 26 September – 2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election
* 4/16 December – December 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election

## Deaths

* 3 January – Renate Lasker-Harpprecht, writer and journalist (b. 1924)
* 13 January – Bernd Kannenberg, race walker, Olympic champion. (b. 1942)
* 13 January – Siegfried Fischbacher, magicians and entertainers (b. 1939)
* 30 January – Wilhelm Knabe, ecologist and politician (b. 1923)
* 2 February – Heike Fleßner, educationalist (b. 1944)
* 23 February – Heinz Hermann Thiele, businessman (b. 1941)
* 24 February – Wolfgang Boettcher, cellist (b. 1935)
* 16 March – Sabine Schmitz, racing driver and television personality (b. 1969)
* 17 March – Gerhard Augustin, music producer (b. 1941)
* 25 March – Uta Ranke-Heinemann, theologian (b. 1927)
* 26 March – Ursula Happe, swimmer, Olympic champion (b. 1926)
* 6 April – Hans Küng, Swiss-born priest and theologian (b. 1928)
* 24 April – Christa Ludwig, German soprano (b. 1928)
* 2 July – Bill Ramsey, German-American singer (b. 1931)
* 17 July – Hermann von Richthofen, German diplomat (b. 1933)
* 23 July – Alfred Biolek, German entertainer and television producer (b. 1934)
* 23 July – Klaus Wilhelm Roggenkamp, German mathematician (b. 1940)
* 24 July – Herbert Köfer, German actor, voice artist, and television presenter (b. 1931)
* 4 August – Karl Heinz Bohrer, German essayist (b. 1932)
* 12 August – Kurt Biedenkopf, German politician (b. 1930)
* 15 August – Gerd Müller, German footballer (b. 1945)
* 27 August – Heide Keller, German actress (b. 1939)
* 4 September – Ludwig Haas, German actor (b. 1933)
* 4 September – Jörg Schlaich, German structural engineer (b. 1934)
* 5 September – Jan Hecker, German diplomat (b. 1967)
* 9 September – Hans Pfann, German athlete (b. 1920)
* 15 October – Gerd Ruge, German journalist (b. 1928)
* 27 October – Bettina Gaus, German journalist (b. 1956)
* 22 November – Volker Lechtenbrink, German actor (b. 1944)
* 3 December – Horst Eckel, German football player (b. 1932)
# Gurranabraher

Gurranabraher (Irish: Garrán na mBráthar, meaning 'grove of the brothers') is a residential suburb on the north western side of Cork City. Its bounds range from the North Cathedral to Bakers Road to Blarney Street. Gurranabraher is located in Cork North-Central Dáil Éireann constituency.

## Amenities

The local Roman Catholic church, the Church of the Ascension, was opened in 1955 and acts as the parish for both Gurranbraher and Churchfield. The area is also serviced by a Garda station, a primary health care centre and a credit union. There are also a number of community initiatives based in the parochial hall.
LeisureWorld pool and fitness centre (including the Sam Allen astroturf pitches) is close-by on Knockfree Avenue. There is also a recreational area in Jerry O'Sullivan Park on St. Colmcille's Road. A community gardening project adjoins this park.
Scoil Padre Pio and Blarney Street C.B.S are two local primary schools. There are no secondary schools within Gurranabraher, with the North Monastery, St. Vincent's and the North Pres being the closest.
St. Mary's Health Campus, run by the Mercy University Hospital, is the location of an urgent care centre in Gurranabraher.
Bus services which serve the area include Bus Éireann route 201 (orbital to CIT and CUH) and route 202 (Apple campus to Mahon Point).

## Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association team is St. Vincent's Hurling and Football club. Previously in the area there were Gurranabraher (football) and Shandon Rovers (hurling) clubs (Seandún GAA). St. Mary's A.F.C was founded by the North Cathedral, but now play their games in Kilcully. Blue Demons basketball team was founded in the area and played in the local parochial hall. Sunnyside Boxing Club (club of three former Olympians) also trains in the parochial hall. Siam Warriors Thai Boxing Club trains next to the Crucible Snooker club off the Glen Ryan Road.

## Notable residents

* Ricky Dineen (Churchfield), guitarist with the early 1980s post-punk band Five Go Down to the Sea?
* Pat Falvey, mountaineer and first Irish man to complete the Seven Summits Challenge
* Bernard Geary (1934-2023), composer and pianist, was born in Gurranabraher, where his parents ran a grocery shop.
* Thomas Gould, Sinn Féin T.D. for Cork North Central
* Frank O'Connor, writer who was born on Douglas Street, lived on Blarney Street until he was 5, before moving to Dillon's Cross
# Jacques Antoine Bernard

Jacques Antoine Bernard (November 4, 1888 – October 26, 1952), was a French writer and editor of the Mercure de France, an important literary journal. He was also a pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.

## Personal

Born Jacques Alexandre Antoine Bernard, on April 11, 1888 in Paris, France, he was the son of Laure-Theresa Cros-Bernard, fourth sovereign of the Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia. His father was Louis Marie Bernard. He was married three times: in 1907 to Andree Emilie Coquelin, in 1915 to Suzanne Anna Eugenie Legat and in 1931 to Ingrid Moller. His union with Ingrid Moller produced one daughter, N. N. Bernard. Jacques Antoine Bernard died in Paris on October 26, 1952.

## Professional

Bernard was a writer and editor working for Mercure de France. In 1938, he was named editor, a position he held until 1945. After the war, Bernard was convicted of collaboration with the Nazis.

## Pretender to the throne of Araucanía and Patagonia

On August 28, 1873 the Criminal Court of Paris ruled that Antoine de Tounens, first "king of Araucania and Patagonia" did not justify his status of sovereign.
Since the death of Antoine de Tounens, some French citizens without familial relations declared themselves to be pretenders to the throne of Araucania and Patagonia. Whether the Mapuche themselves accept this, or are even aware of it, is unclear.
The pretenders to the throne of Araucania and Patagonia are called monarchs and sovereigns of fantasy, "having only fanciful claims to a kingdom without legal existence and having no international recognition".
Jacques Antoine Bernard became pretender to the throne of Araucania upon the death of his mother, Laure-Therese Cros. He did very little work for the kingdom.
In 1951 Philippe Boiry claimed that Jacques Antoine Bernard abdicated in his favour.