OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eva Švankmajerová

Eva Švankmajerová (25 September 1940 – 20 October 2005) was a Czech surrealist artist. She was born Eva Dvořáková. A native of the Czech town of Kostelec nad Černými lesy, she moved to Prague in 1958 to study at the Prague School of Interior Design and later the Academy of Performing Arts (Theater Department). From 1970, she was an active member of the Czech and Slovak Surrealist Group. She was a painter and ceramicist, and her poetry and prose regularly appeared in the journal Analogon. Most recently, her work has appeared in English in Surrealist Women: an International Anthology (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998) and Baradla Cave (Twisted Spoon Press, 2001). Švankmajerová was married to the Surrealist filmmaker Jan Švankmajer, with whom she collaborated on such films as Alice, Faust, and Conspirators of Pleasure. They had two children, Veronika and Václav, and lived in Prague until her death from breast cancer in 2005.

## Filmography

* 1964 – The Last Trick (orig. Poslední trik pana Schwarcewalldea a pana Edgara) – production assistant, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 1967 – The Garden (org. Zahrada) – costume designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 1971 – Jsouc na řece mlynář jeden – designer, director: J. Brdečka
* 1976 – Laterna magika: Ztracená pohádka – designer, director: Jaromil Jireš
* 1978 – The Ninth Hearth (orig. Deváté srdce) – visual effects, director: Juraj Herz
* 1983 – The Pit, the Pendulum and Hope (orig. Kyvadlo, jáma a naděje) – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 1986 – Jost Burgi – Demystifikace času a prostoru – animator, director: M. Havas
* 1987 – Laterna magika: Odysseus – animator, director: E. Schorm
* 1987 – Alice (orig. Něco z Alenky) – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 1994 – Lesson Faust (orig. Lekce Faust) – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 1996 – Conspirators of Pleasure (orig. Spiklenci slasti) – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 2000 – Little Otík (orig. Otesánek) – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer
* 2005 – Šílení – designer, director: Jan Švankmajer

## Books

* Baradla Cave (Jeskyně Baradla) (1995, Edice Analogon) – Original Czech edition
* Baradla Cave (2001, Twisted Spoon Press: ISBN 978-80-902171-7-1) – English translation
* Anima Animus Animation (1998, Slovart Publishers/Arbor Vitae) – Text in English
# Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return

Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return (CONDOR) is a mission concept to retrieve a sample from comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko to test ideas regarding Solar System formation, and accretion of rocky planets with habitable surface environments.
CONDOR is a concept by a NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory team led by Christopher Guethe and M. Choukroun.

## Overview

The concept was proposed in 2017 to NASA's New Frontiers program to compete for their Mission 4, but it was not selected. Had it been developed and launched, CONDOR would collect and return a ≥ 50 g sample from the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (also called simply 67P) for detailed analysis in terrestrial laboratories. This comet was previously investigated by the Rosetta mission between 2014 and 2016. The CONDOR concept calls for a Lockheed-Martin A2100 bus with a solar electric propulsion system.
In addition of performing a sample return down to 15 cm depth, it would carry a small payload comprising a narrow angle camera and a millimeter-wave radiometer to select a sampling site, and perform a gravity science investigation to compare changes of 67P since Rosetta. Following a survey for site selection, the sample retrieval would be a fast touch-and-go event. The sample would be stored at ≤ -20 °C and sent to Earth on a Stardust-based capsule for extensive analyses not yet possible by robotic spacecraft. The return trip is estimated to take 12.4 years.
| Event | Proposed time table |
| Launch | 16 June 2024 |
| 67P Arrival | 25 April 2029 |
| Reconnaissance | 25 April 2029 – 31 March 2030 |
| Sample acquisition | 31 March 2030 – 9 September 2030 |
| Departure to Earth | 10 December 2033 |
| Arrival to Earth | 8 November 2036 |

## Science

The elements, except for hydrogen and helium, ultimately derive from stellar nucleosynthesis. The very basic chemical ingredients of life—the carbon-hydrogen molecule (CH, or methylidyne radical), the carbon-hydrogen positive ion (CH+) and the carbon ion (C+)—are the result, in large part, of ultraviolet light from stars. Complex molecules, including organic molecules, form naturally both in space and on planets. Links between these materials and Earth's prebiotic organic matter are unknown, and can only be probed on samples that contain pristine organic compounds. This mission would provide the first well-preserved sample from the outer Solar System to test ideas regarding Solar System formation, and accretion of rocky planets with habitable surface environments.
# Abbas, Azerbaijan

Abbas (known as Abbaskənd until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Shaki Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 548.
# 108th (Madras Infantry) Regiment of Foot

The 108th Regiment of Foot (Madras Infantry) was an infantry regiment of the British Army. However, it was raised initially as part of the Madras Army, by the East India Company (EIC) in 1766.
In the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion (1857), the British government took control of the Presidency Armies and the 108th became also known by the name 3rd Madras Infantry. Finally, under the Childers Reforms of 1881, the regiment was amalgamated with the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot, to form the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.

## History
### East India Company

The regiment as first raised by the East India Company as the 3rd Madras European Regiment, when it was formed from the 1st Madras Europeans in 1766.
It served in India until 1774, when it was absorbed by the 1st and 2nd Madras Europeans in 1774. Re-raised as a separate regiment in 1777, the 108th was disbanded in 1796. The regiment was re-raised as the 3rd Madras (European) Regiment in 1854, and then saw action in India in 1857 during the Indian Rebellion.

### British Army

After the Crown took control of the Presidency armies in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion, the regiment became the 3rd Madras Infantry in November 1859. It was then renumbered as the 108th Regiment of Foot (Madras Infantry) on transfer to the British Army in September 1862. It embarked for England in 1876. As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 108th was linked with the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 64 at St Lucia Barracks, Omagh.
On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the 108th amalgamated with the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.

## Battle Honours

Battle honours of the regiment were:
* Central India

## Regimental Colonels

Colonels of the Regiment were:
* 1862–1868: Lt-Gen. Sir George Cornish Whitlock, KCB
* 1868: Lt-Gen. Arthur Cunliffe van Notten Pole
* 1868–1875: Gen. William Anson McCleverty
* 1875–1880: Gen. John Hamilton Elphinstone Dalyrmple, CB
* 1880–1881: Gen. Sir Edward Harris Greathed, KCB
# Laughton Unit

The Laughton Unit [Laughton Naval History Unit] is a research unit which conducts research and teaching on naval history, theory and maritime strategy.

## History

The Laughton Naval History Unit was launched in 2001 by Professor Andrew Lambert.
The Laughton Unit educates and researches in the field of naval history, military theory and maritime strategy to support and shape the evolution of naval history as a methodology for education of civilians and military personnel.
The unit enshrines permanence for the field of naval history and maritime strategy in British academic and public life. Andrew Lambert defines the unit as 'understanding the role of naval history while supporting the evolution of naval theory. We explore avenues of research that enhance the subject in breadth, depth and context. These can include national culture, sea/naval power theory, technology, state building and historiography, among others while expanding the understanding of students as well as civilian and military professionals on the role of naval history in understanding the past, and evolving thinking for the present and future, melding naval and cultural perspectives on the sea as a strategic environment in world history'.
The Laughton Unit takes its name from Sir John Knox Laughton who was a prominent British naval historian and the first to emphasise the importance of the subject as an independent field of study. Laughton began as a shipboard naval instructor and seeing action in the Baltic in 1855 and the Second China War, Laughton then moved to the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth, it was there, and later at King's College London, that he began the development of ‘scientific’ naval history, based on contemporary documents, as the means for the ‘higher education’ of naval officers in matters of strategy and tactics. He was immensely influential in the growing debate about strategy and tactics of navies and his friends and correspondents included all the major names in his field, such as naval intellectuals like John Colomb and Cyprian Bridge, of the Royal Navy and Alfred Thayer Mahan and Stephen Luce of the US Navy. Laughton is considered the founding father of naval history in which all prominent maritime strategists and naval tacticians followed from such as maritime strategist Julian Corbett. .
The Unit is based at the War Studies Department of King's College London, which is part of the School of Security Studies.
The current Laughton Naval History Chair is held by Professor Andrew Lambert.
In 2017 the unit developed a collaborative relationship with the U.S. Naval War College's John B. Hattendorf Center for Maritime Historical Research which formally came into being in 2019.

## Research Areas

Research covers British and international perspectives on Naval history from classics to modern day including maritime strategy and naval theory.
The unit's principal output is theses of students and researchers. The unit has produced both civilian and military graduates at BA, MA and PhD level.
It also runs the King's Maritime History Seminar Series.
It hosts a series of staff and research student led research groups, projects and networks.
# George Lowndes

Sir George Rivers Lowndes, KCSI, KC, PC (1862–1943), was a lawyer and judge in British India, who served as Advocate-General of Bombay and Minister of Law as Law Member of the Viceregal Executive Council, during which time he chaired the select committee tasked in with the general revision of the Indian criminal code.
Lowndes was the son of Reverend Richard Lowndes Vicar of Sturminster & his wife Ann Harriet née Kaye. He married Hilda Julia Forbes on the 3rd of Sept. 1896 at Sturminster, Dorset. Their eldest son Richard Forbes Lowndes was killed aged 19 on the 14th Nov 1916 at the Somme, France.
He practised before the High Court of Bombay. Upon his return to the United Kingdom, he was appointed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1929, at that time the court of last resort for the British Empire. He retired from the Judicial Committee in 1934, being replaced by Sir Lancelot Sanderson, a former Chief Justice of the High Court of Calcutta.
# Alan Knight (bishop)

Alan John Knight CMG (also rendered inaccurately as John Alan Knight; 1904 – 29 November 1979) was a long serving Bishop of Guyana from 1937 until his death; and for much of that time Archbishop of the West Indies.

## Background

He was educated at Owens School and Cambridge University and ordained in 1926. He was chaplain at University College School and then curate at St James', Enfield Highway after which he was Headmaster of Adisadel College. In 1937, he was appointed to the episcopate; he was consecrated a bishop on St Peter's Day 1937 (29 June), by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral. A Sub-Prelate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem and prominent Freemason, he died in post on 29 November 1979, having become a Doctor of Divinity (DD).
# Butyriboletus roseopurpureus

Butyriboletus roseopurpureus is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in eastern North America, it was officially described in 2000 as a species of Boletus, and transferred to the genus Butyriboletus in 2015.
# Alfa Romeo P1

Alfa Romeo P1 or Alfa Romeo Tipo P1 was the first Grand Prix car made by Alfa Romeo in 1923. The car had a 2.0 L straight-6 engine and it produced 95 bhp (71 kW) at 5000 rpms. The bore and stroke were 65mm and 100mm, respectively. Three cars were entered in the Italian GP at Monza in 1923, for Antonio Ascari, Giuseppe Campari and Ugo Sivocci. When Sivocci was practicing for the GP in September 1923 he crashed and was killed. Alfa Romeo withdrew from the competition and development of the car was stopped. In 1924 a new version with Roots-compressor was made and became the P1 Compressore 1924.
In 1923 Vittorio Jano was hired to Alfa Romeo to design new car and P2 was born.
# Aderpas pauper

Aderpas pauper is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fahraeus in 1872.
# Euphorbia chamaesyce

Euphorbia chamaesyce, is an annual plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Europe and Asia.

## Description

A mat-forming annual Euphorbia, hairy or hairless, with oblique-based leaves. Fruits, 2 mm, are covered with projecting hairs (not just at the edges), or no hairs, bumpless. The leaves are weakly toothed or toothless, to 7(11) x 4.5(6) mm, leaf tips not pointed, slightly to rather greyish (glaucous) on 1 mm stalks. 'Flower' effect is formed of small but prominent white/pinkish appendages to the rounded yellowish/reddish floral glands. Seeds 1.2 mm, ovoid-quadrangular, irregularly tuberculate-rugulose, pale greyish.
In Europe similar plants are the other mat-forming Euphorbia, of which the fruit if hairy is the best distinguisher.
Subspecies as Flora Europaea has them -
ssp chamaesyce - hairless or pubescent, leaves smaller (<10mm) and rather roundish, often untoothed, tip usually notched. Petal-like appendages to glands up to twice the gland in width (so not more prominent than the gland), edge usually unlobed.
ssp massiliensis (DC.) Thell. - villous, leaves larger (to 10 mm), elongated, finely toothed (serrulate), tip rounded. Petal-like appendages to glands more than twice the gland in width (more prominent than the gland), edge often 3-lobed.
Sources: Flora Europaea, Flora of Turkey

## Habitat

Europe: Open habitats.
Turkey: Rocky hillsides, scree, gravel plains, saline and sandy soils, streamsides, lake shores, disturbed habitats, 0–1600 m.
# George Williams (died 1556)

George Williams (by 1521 – 1556) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Grantham in 1555.
# 108 Stars

108 Stars may refer to:
* 108 Stars of Destiny, featured in the Chinese classic Shui Hu Zhuan
* 108 Stars of Destiny (Suikoden)
* A group of Tao magic user characters in Outlaw Star
# Laura Vlasak Nolen

Laura Vlasak Nolen (born January 13, 1977) is an American mezzo-soprano.
Born in Dallas, Nolen sang in high school, being invited to participate in the Texas All-State Choir. She received a degree in vocal performance at Texas Tech University; for her graduate studies she attended the Jacobs School of Music, where she was a pupil of Costanza Cuccaro. Her professional debut came with Cleveland Opera, when she sang the Third Lady in The Magic Flute. On January 7, 2008, she bowed at the Metropolitan Opera as Waltraute in Die Walküre. She was reengaged for the following season, returning as Waltraute and singing Inez in Il trovatore; she was also booked to cover Giulietta in The Tales of Hoffmann, the Countess in The Nose, and the Second Maidservant in Elektra. Other companies with which Nolen has performed include New York City Opera, Madison Opera, Lyric Opera of Kansas City, Dallas Opera, and Glimmerglass Opera, for whom she performed the title role in Giulio Cesare in 2008. At the Wexford Festival that same year she appeared as Dorotea in Tutti in maschera. In 2011 she appeared as Ines opposite the Maria of Barbara Quintiliani in Maria Padilla with Opera Boston. In concert she has appeared with such groups as The Washington Chorus and the Honolulu Symphony Orchestra.
# Alba (Șușița)

The Alba is a left tributary of the river Șușița in Romania. It discharges into the Șușița in Răcoasa. Its length is 10 km (6.2 mi) and its basin size is 26 km$^2$ (10 sq mi).
# Commercial Advertiser

The New-York Commercial Advertiser was an American evening newspaper. It originated as the American Minerva in 1793, changed its name in 1797, and was published, with slight name variations, until 1904.

## History

The paper had its origins in the American Minerva, founded in 1793 by Noah Webster. Its first edition was published on December 9, 1793. It went through a few name changes in its first few years before settling on the Commercial Advertiser in September 1797. Webster's involvement with the paper ended in 1803, and Zachariah Lewis replaced him as publisher. Under Webster and Lewis, the paper generally was a supporter of the Federalists.
Lewis retired in 1820 and the paper taken over by William Leete Stone Sr. and Francis Hall. In 1831, Stone was physically attacked by William Cullen Bryant, editor of the rival New York Evening Post with whom he had had a few disputes. Stone remained at the paper until his death in 1844. In 1840, Stone was sued in one of the libel lawsuits brought by author James Fenimore Cooper.
John B. Hall purchased Stone's stake in the paper. Francis Hall served as editor from 1844 until he retired in 1863, and William L. Hurlbut became editor from 1863 to 1867. Thurlow Weed then became editor briefly, followed by Hugh Hastings by 1868. In 1886, Parke Godwin purchased the paper from the estate of Hastings. Henry Sedley also acquired part of the paper in the 1880s, and became its editor.
John A. Cockerill, former editor of the New York World, took over as editor of the paper in 1891, where he lasted three years. H.J. Wright took over as editor in 1897, replacing Foster Coates.
Lincoln Steffens wrote for the Commercial Advertiser in the 1890s.
A semi-weekly paper called the New-York Spectator, intended for subscribers outside of the city, was also published by the paper for many years.

## Rebranding as The Globe

On February 1, 1904, the Commercial Advertiser was revamped and renamed The Globe and Commercial Advertiser. and generally known as The New York Globe from that point forwards. In 1923, newspaper owner and consolidator Frank Munsey bought the Globe. Munsey merged the Globe into the New York Sun, thus ending what Time magazine described at the time as the "oldest daily newspaper in the United States".

## Chronology of names

* American Minerva, Patroness of Peace, Commerce and the Liberal Arts
* March 1794: American Minerva and the New-York (Evening) Advertiser
* May 1795: American Minerva: An Evening Advertiser
* April 1796: Minerva & Mercantile Evening Advertiser
* September 1797: Commercial Advertiser
* January 1804: New-York Commercial Advertiser
* October 1809: Commercial Advertiser
* January 1831: New-York Commercial Advertiser
* September 1889: The Commercial Advertiser
* December 1892: New York Commercial Advertiser
* June 1895: The Commercial Advertiser
* February 1904: The Globe and Commercial Advertiser
# Come and sing

A come and sing event is a temporary choir ("scratch choir") that rehearses and/or performs choral music, often within a single day.
These events typically involve people who would otherwise be unable to commit to regular membership of a choir, or who wish to try choral singing for the first time. Usually the music is familiar mainstream classic works e.g. Handel's Messiah, Fauré's Requiem, Verdi's Requiem, though the programme may be chosen to coincide with a festival or other special occasion or time of year or day (e.g. Evensong, Nine Lessons and Carols).
# Commerce Place (Hamilton, Ontario)

Commerce Place in a commercial complex, consisting of two towers, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

## Commerce Place I

Commerce Place I was built in 1987 as the first of two towers in the complex. The second tower; Commerce Place II was built in 1990. The 16-storey twin towers stand at 81.0 meters. This makes Commerce Place the 9th tallest building complex in Hamilton. It is situated on the corners of King Street East and James Street North.

## Commerce Place II

Commerce Place II is the second tower in the complex, and was built in 1990. The 16-storey twin towers stand at 81.0 meters. This makes Commerce Place the 9th tallest building complex in Hamilton. It is situated on the corners of King Street East and MacNab Street South.

## Site history

The site where Commerce Place was built has a lot of history. It is the site where the Bank of Hamilton was established in 1872. in 1905 the Bank was doing so well it expanded its head office, adding on an additional 8 stories. This is significant because the bank headquarters became Hamilton's first skyscraper. Between 1898 and 1910, the Bank of Hamilton opened 128 branches in Ontario and western Canada; it did not, however, have representation east of Toronto. When the bank merged with The Canadian Bank of Commerce on January 2, 1924, it was one of the last surviving banks not headquartered in Toronto or Montreal.
The architect(s) for Commerce Place were Pellow & Associates and the property is managed by MVD Properties, Inc.

## Images

* Commerce Place Complex
* Commerce Place Complex
* Commerce Place Complex
* Commerce Place Complex
* Commerce Place at dusk
* Commerce Place I Lobby
* Commerce Place II Lobby
* Commerce Place I Elevator Core
* Commerce Place II Elevator Core
# Colt (given name)

Colt is a masculine given name which may refer to:

## People

* Colt Anderson (born 1985), American football player
* Colt Brennan (1983–2021), American football player
* Colt David (born 1985), American football player
* Colt Keith (born 2001), American baseball player
* Colt Knost (born 1985), American golfer
* Colt McCoy (born 1986), American football quarterback with the Washington Redskins
* Colt Walker (born 2001), American artistic gymnast

## Fictional characters

* Colt (Hunter × Hunter), a character in the manga series Hunter × Hunter
* Colt, a character in the mobile video game, Brawl Stars
* Colt Seavers, title character of the 1981 TV show The Fall Guy
* Colt Wilcox, a character in the 1987 animated TV series Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs
* Colt Reagan Bennet, a character in the 2016 Netflix series The Ranch
* Colt Grice, a character in the manga series Attack on Titan
* Colt Fathom, a posthumous character in the cartoon Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
# Butterberg (Bad Harzburg)

The Butterberg is an elongated hill northeast of the spa town of Bad Harzburg in Goslar district, in the German state of Lower Saxony. Its long crest, which since 1952 is protected as a nature reserve, reaches a height of 308 m above NN.
Part of the northern Harz foothills, the hill is located north of the Harz Nature Park at the rim of the Harz National Park. The Butterberg is part of the Harz - Brunswick Land - Eastphalia National Geopark; its steeply inclined strata belong to the Northern Harz Boundary Fault. In the west, the hill is bounded by the Radau river and the parallel Bundesstraße 4 highway. The mountain-ridge path offers scenic views to the Harz mountains and over the North German Plain.
The name Butter is associated with Low German buten (i.e. "outside", c.f. Buten and binnen). These are therefore hills lying outside or on the edge of given places. There are many other "Butterberg" hills in German-speaking regions.