OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu

Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu (2 July 1610 – 2 November 1682) was the eldest son of Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu and Jane Sackville, the daughter of Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset.
He succeeded his father on 23 October 1629. His seat was the family home at Cowdray House and the estate included Easebourne Priory and Verdley. A plan of these commissioned by Browne, executed by cartographer Nicholas Lane in February 1635, is now held in the West Sussex Record Office. Browne also inherited the substantial park estate of Battle Abbey.
Browne married Lady Elizabeth Somerset (1618–1684), daughter of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester by licence on 6 July 1637. Julia Roundell, however, claimed that they were married prior to Francis succeeding the title and a first son, Anthony, was baptised at Battle Abbey in August 1629. Some sources claim that Anthony did not marry and predeceased his father without issue, but Roundell recounts another version, that Anthony argued with his father, moved to The Hague, returned at the outbreak of the English Civil War, married Bridgit Maskell of York, fought and was wounded at the Siege of York February 1644, had several children whose line later, unsuccessfully, lay claim to the title. Browne's other sons, Francis (1638 – April 1708) and Henry (c. 1640–1717), both succeeded in turn to become the 4th and 5th Viscounts Montagu, respectively. Their daughter, Elizabeth Browne (d. after 1686), married Christopher Roper, 5th Baron Teynham.
During the Civil War, Browne remained a staunch royalist and Catholic and had both land and possessions sequestrated as a result. Deprived of wealth and income, he was forced to divide and let out some of the estate at Battle.
Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu, died on 2 November 1682 aged 72.
# Aldara Park

Aldara Park is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
# Galliera Veneta

Galliera Veneta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) northwest of Venice and about 30 km (19 mi) north of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,830 and an area of 9.0 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi).
Galliera Veneta borders the following municipalities: Cittadella, Loria, Rossano Veneto, San Martino di Lupari, Tombolo.

## Twin towns

Galliera Veneta is twinned with:
* Carbonne, France
* Jelenje, Croatia
# Claus Pias

Claus Pias (born 1967 in Cologne, Germany) is a German media theorist and media historian. He is a professor for history and epistemology of media at the Institute for Culture and Aesthetics of Digital Media (ICAM) at Leuphana University in Lueneburg., Germany.

## Life and work

Pias studied Electrical Engineering in Aachen, Germany and Art History, German Studies and Philosophy in Bonn and Bochum, Germany. In 1993 he became Research Assistant for History of Architecture at the Bauhaus-University Weimar, Germany. Three years later, he moved to the Chair of Joseph Vogl for "History and Theory of Artificial Worlds". In 2000 he earned his doctorate in Weimar under the supervision of Joseph Vogl and German media theorist Friedrich Kittler. In 2002 he was appointed Junior Professor for "Media Technology and Media Philosophy" at the Ruhr-University Bochum. From 2006 to 2010 he was full Professor for "Epistemology and Philosophy of Digital Media" at the University of Vienna, Austria.
Since the winter semester of 2010 he has worked and taught in Lueneburg. In the same year, he co-founded the Institute for Culture and Aesthetics of Digital Media (ICAM) at the Faculty of Culture. In 2012, he was also co-founder of the Center for Digital Cultures (CDC) and is a member of the board of directors of the research center. He is also currently director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Media Cultures of Computer Simulation (mecs) and the Digital Cultures Research Lab (DCRL), all at Leuphana University, Lueneburg. Since 2010 Pias was a Senior Fellow at the International Research Institute for Cultural Technologies and Media Philosophy (IKKM) in Weimar, the International Research Centre for Cultural Studies (IFK) in Vienna, the Institute for Advanced Study / Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin, the Center of Excellence “Cultural Foundations of Integration” at the University of Konstanz, and the Center for Advanced Studies "BildEvidenz. History and Aesthetics" at Free University, Berlin. In 2017 he was Visiting Professor at Princeton University. He is also a member of the Graduate Schools "Loose Connections: Collectivity at the intersection of digital and urban space" in Hamburg and "Cultures of Critique" in Lueneburg.
His main areas of interest are media theory, history of science of ‚mediathinking‘ and the history and epistemology of simulation and cybernetics.
He published the collected protocols and documents of the Macy Conferences (1946-1953) in two volumes in 2003/2004. In addition to his publishing activity he supervised the publication of the critical writings in individual editions by Hermann Bahr from 2004 to 2013. Together with Joseph Vogl, he publishes "sequenzia", a series of media science and science history at the Diaphanes publishing house Zurich/Berlin
# Kilbourne (surname)

Kilbourne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ashe Kilbourne, DJ
* Amos Kilbourne, English footballer
* Charles E. Kilbourne (1872–1963), United States Army general
* Edward C. Kilbourne (1856–1959)
* Edwin D. Kilbourne (1920–2011), American scientist
* Ernest A. Kilbourne (1865–1928), American missionary
* James Kilbourne (1770–1850), American surveyor and politician
* Jean Kilbourne (born 1943), American writer
* Warren Kilbourne (1916–1967), American football player
* Wendy Kilbourne (born 1964), American actress
# 2020 European Open – Doubles

Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies were the defending champions but this year they decided to participate in the Cologne event instead.
John Peers and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Rohan Bopanna and Matwé Middelkoop in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

## Seeds

* Juan Sebastián Cabal / Robert Farah (withdrew)
* John Peers / Michael Venus (champions)
* Fabrice Martin / Jean-Julien Rojer (first round)
* Jamie Murray / Neal Skupski (first round)
* Sander Gillé / Joran Vliegen (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 5 | S Gillé J Vliegen | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Arévalo J O'Mara | 4 | 3 | | 5 | S Gillé J Vliegen | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Fritz N Monroe | 6 | 3 | [10] | | D Evans C Norrie | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Evans C Norrie | 4 | 6 | [12] | | | | | | 5 | S Gillé J Vliegen | 6 | 3 | [8] | | | | |
| 4 | J Murray N Skupski | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | R Bopanna M Middelkoop | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | R Bopanna M Middelkoop | 6 | 6 | | | R Bopanna M Middelkoop | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Ćaćić M Demoliner | 6 | 3 | [9] | Alt | A de Minaur M Reid | 3 | 6 | [4] | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | A de Minaur M Reid | 4 | 6 | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | | R Bopanna M Middelkoop | 3 | 4 |
| WC | Z Khan L Nardi | 4 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Peers M Venus | 6 | 6 |
| WC | M Geerts Y Mertens | 6 | 7$^7$ | | WC | M Geerts Y Mertens | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | P Andújar S Arends | 6$^6$ | 6 | [10] | Alt | P Andújar S Arends | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | F Martin J-J Rojer | 7$^8$ | 2 | [5] | | | | | | Alt | P Andújar S Arends | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| | F Nielsen T Pütz | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | J Peers M Venus | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | S Bolelli M González | 7 | 6 | | | S Bolelli M González | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Bambridge J Withrow | 4 | 5 | | 2 | J Peers M Venus | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | J Peers M Venus | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment (United States)

The 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment was organized in the 1790s as a company in the 2nd Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers. From there, the battalion was called upon to serve in multiple conflicts including the War of 1812, Indian Wars, Mexican–American War, World War II, and modern conflicts in the Middle East.
From February 2003 to May 2003, the battalion served in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Alpha and Bravo batteries deployed to provide air defense for the Kingdom of Bahrain, while the balance of the battalion deployed to Kuwait in support of operation there.
In February 2006, the battalion was deployed on a contingency operation to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan, to provide air defense for key assets in the Pacific region; the battalion arrived in November of that same year. The battalion is currently assigned to the 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, and is charged with providing air and missile defense in support of the INDOPACOM commander.

## Campaign participation credit
### War of 1812

* Canada

### Indian Wars

* Seminoles
* Texas 1859

### Mexican War

* Palo Alto
* Resaca de la Palma
* Monterey
* Vera Cruz
* Cerro Gordo
* Contreras
* Churubusco
* Chapultepec
* Tamaulipas 1846
* Vera Cruz 1847
* Mexico 1847

### Civil War

* Sumter
* Bull Run
* Mississippi River
* Peninsula
* Manassas
* Antietam
* Fredericksburg
* Chancellorsville
* Gettysburg
* Wilderness
* Spotsylvania
* Cold Harbor
* Petersburg
* Shenandoah
* Appomattox
* Florida 1861
* Florida 1862
* Florida 1864
* South Carolina 1862
* South Carolina 1863
* Virginia 1863
* Virginia 1864
* West Virginia 1863
* Louisiana 1864

### World War II

* American Theater, Streamer without inscription
* Tunisia
* Sicily
* Rome-Arno
* Rhineland

### Southwest Asia

* Defense of Saudi Arabia
* Liberation and Defense of Kuwait
* Cease-Fire
* Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003

## Decorations

1-1 ADA has received the following unit award(s):
* Meritorious Unit Award (2003)
# Aldarháttur

Aldarháttur ('signs of the times') is a seventeenth-century Icelandic poem by the famous poet and churchman Hallgrímur Pétursson. It is one of the first poetic examples of Icelanders regarding their medieval past as a golden age.

## Origin

The poem was almost certainly composed in 1663, inspired by the Icelanders officially accepting the King of Denmark as their absolute monarch in 1662.

## Form

The poem is hexametrical, written in leonine metre. It is the first example of the adaptation of this metre to Icelandic poetry, showing the influence of early modern humanism in Iceland. However, it also draws on the language of medieval Icelandic skaldic verse. Thus the poem combines Classical and indigenous traditions in a striking way.

## Content

The poem is a polemic which compares the Iceland of Hallgrímur's own time with the Icelandic commonwealth (c. 930-1262, before Iceland came under foreign rule).
       In those days people were valiant, appreciated their freedom more than gold, and did not subit to oppression by threat. Here, Iceland's medieval past is for the first time glamorized in Icelandic poetry. The poet criticizes his own era for laziness, lack of solidarity, cowardice, and an unjust legal system.

## Influence

The poem is the stated model for Bjarki Karlsson's 2013 heimsósómakvæði (lament on the state of the world), 'Þúsaldarháttur'.

## Editions

* Séra Hallgrímur Pétursson, Hallgrímsljóð: Sálmar og kvæði, ed. by Freysteinn Gunnarsson (Reykjavík: Leiftur, 1944), pp. 263–72
# Galarraga

Galarraga is a surname of Basque origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amalia Galárraga (c. 1884 – 1971), Spanish feminist
* Andrés Galarraga (born 1961), Venezuelan professional baseball first baseman
* Armando Galarraga (born 1982), Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher
* Belen Galarraga (born 1993), Ecuador-born beauty pageant titleholder for Portugal
* Manuel Eguiguren Galarraga (1930–2012), Spain-born Bolivian Roman Catholic bishop
* Margarita Salaverría Galárraga (1911–2000), Spain's first woman diplomat
* Isidro Lángara (full name Isidro Lángara Galarraga; 1912–1992), Spanish football striker
* Eduardo Maceira (full name Eduardo José Maceira Galarraga; born 1996), Venezuelan footballer
# Claude Porter White

Claude Porter White (April 30, 1907 – March 16, 1975) was an American author and the composer of three operas, as well as other music. She was born in Cleburne, Texas, to Claude Scott Porter and Reverend David Knox Porter. After graduating from Southwestern University, she did graduate work in public school music at Northwestern University, and studied at the Aspen Music School and a composers' symposium in Dallas, Texas. On June 3, 1934, she married Claude L. White. They settled in Corsicana, Texas, and had two daughters.
White edited and published The Texas Opera News, which she began in 1973. She published a book of poetry and was listed in the International Who's Who in Poetry in 1974.
White organized the Tune 'N Fork Club in Corsicana and was a life member of the Texas Federation of Music Clubs and the National Federation of Music Clubs. She chaired the Texas club's manuscript society and its organization of adult composers. The Claude Porter White Fund for Young Composers was established following her death in 1975.
White composed music for orchestra, harp, piano, voice, and at least one ballet. Her publications included:

## Books

* Fruits of My Spirit (poetry)

## Operas

* Genius
* Grass Roots
* Solomon's Portico
# 1970 Trampoline World Championships

The 6th Trampoline World Championships were held in Bern, Switzerland on 19 June 1970.

## Results
### Men
#### Trampoline

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| | United States | Wayne Miller | 46.85 |
| | United States | George Huntzicher | 46.6 |
| | United States | Dale Hardt | 46.55 |
| 4 | South Africa | Vivian Breedt | 44.05 |
| 5 | West Germany | Michael Budenberg | 43.7 |
| 6 | West Germany | Didier Schulz | 43.5 |
| 7 | Switzerland | Kurt Hohener | 43.2 |
| 8 | South Africa | Bernard Cross | 42.45 |

#### Trampoline Synchro

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| | United States | Gary Smith Don Waters | 23.45 |
| | South Africa | Vivian Breedt Spenser Wiggins | 23.30 |
| | Switzerland | Victor Pircher Kurt Hohener | 19.55 |
| 4 | Netherlands | Jan van der Zwaard Rien De Ruiter | 19.5 |
| 5 | Great Britain | David Curtis Michael Williams | 19.35 |
| 6 | West Germany | Petter Latton Michael Budenberg | 17.75 |

### Women
#### Trampoline

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| | United States | Rennee Ransom | 41.2 |
| | West Germany | Ute Czech | 40.90 |
| | South Africa | Jennifer Liebenberg | 40.65 |
| 4 | United States | Troy Kauffmann | 40.30 |
| 5 | South Africa | Lucia Odendaal | 40.05 |
| 6 | West Germany | Agathe Jarosch | 40.00 |
| 7 | Great Britain | Jane Pullen | 39.65 |
| 8 | United States | Mary McDonald | 39.60 |

#### Trampoline Synchro

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| | South Africa | Linda Dinkelmann Charlene V D Merve | 21.30 |
| | United States | Lucy Clauter Diane Haney | 20.15 |
| | Great Britain | Pat Lewis Janet Yates | 18.8 |
| 4 | West Germany | Maria Jarosch Ute Czech | 17.3 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 2 | South Africa | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | West Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Great Britain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
# Doing That Scrapyard Thing

"Doing That Scrapyard Thing" is a song from British group Cream's 1969 farewell album, Goodbye. Composed by the band's bassist, Jack Bruce, with lyrics by Pete Brown, the song, alongside Eric Clapton's "Badge" and Ginger Baker's "What a Bringdown," was one of Cream's final studio recordings.

## Background

According to Pete Brown, Jack Bruce approached him to write the lyrics of the song in a telephone call:
   A funny thing happened with Goodbye. Dick Heckstall-Smith was living with me at the time as his marriage had just broken up. Jack [Bruce] was staying in Los Angeles and called me from there at 3 AM. He said, 'I want you to write the words to this song.' And he played me a theme over the phone, which I recorded on an terrible old Grundig tape recorder. I wrote the lyrics and then phoned him back. That song was 'Doing that Scrapyard Thing'.
Eric Clapton explained that the song, along with the other studio cuts from Goodbye, were recorded due to a lack of proper live material for the album:
   We did those cuts after we decided to break up. That was after the last tour — the farewell tour. We were told by Atlantic [Records] that we didn't really have enough live stuff to release on the Goodbye album that was acceptable. So we had to go into the studio and cut some tracks after the tour. We all had bits of songs, so we went into the studio in L.A. and cut them — all in the space of three or four days.

## Release and reception

"Doing That Scrapyard Thing" was released on Goodbye in February 1969. In some European countries, the song was used as the B-side of "Badge" instead of "What a Bringdown". AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised the song as "an overstuffed near-masterpiece filled with wonderful, imaginative eccentricities."

## Personnel

* Eric Clapton – guitar
* Jack Bruce – bass, vocals, piano
* Ginger Baker – drums
* Felix Pappalardi – Mellotron
# 2020 LET Access Series

The 2020 LET Access Series was a series of professional women's golf tournaments held from August through October 2020 across Europe. The LET Access Series is the second-tier women's professional golf tour in Europe and is the official developmental tour of the Ladies European Tour.

## Tournament results

The 2020 schedule was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic with many tournaments either being postponed or cancelled. The table below shows the revised 2020 schedule released mid-year. The numbers in brackets after the winners' names show the number of career wins they had on the LET Access Series up to and including that event.
| Dates | Tournament | Location | Prize fund (€) | Winner | WWGR points |
| 20–22 Aug | Tegelberga Open | Sweden | 40,000 | Removed | – |
| 28–30 Aug | Skaftö Open | Sweden | 60,000 | Removed | – |
| 3–5 Sep | Flumserberg Ladies Open | Switzerland | 40,000 | Sanna Nuutinen (3) | 2 |
| 16–18 Sep | Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge | Czech Republic | 37,500 | Tiia Koivisto (1) | 2 |
| 23–25 Sep | Lavaux Ladies Open | Switzerland | 40,000 | Agathe Laisné (a, 1) | 2 |
| 8–10 Oct | Terre Blanche Ladies Open | France | 40,000 | Cancelled | – |
| 14–16 Oct | Santander Golf Tour Lerma | Spain | 35,000 | Luna Sobrón (3) | 2 |
| 30 Sep – 2 Oct 20–22 Oct | Santander Golf Tour Lauro | Spain | 35,000 | Agathe Laisné (a, 2) | 2 |
* 1 2 Removed from LETAS schedule due to COVID-19 pandemic. Tournament played as Nordic Golf Tour event.
* ↑ Initially rescheduled from April 3-5, later cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic.
* ↑ Weather-shortened to 36 holes

## Order of Merit rankings

The top player on the LETAS Order of Merit earned full LET membership for the 2021 Ladies European Tour.
| Rank | Player | Country | Events | Points |
| 1 | Tiia Koivisto | Finland | 5 | 13,610 |
| 2 | Cara Gainer | England | 5 | 7,268 |
| 3 | Luna Sobrón | Spain | 2 | 6,933 |
| 4 | Sanna Nuutinen | Finland | 3 | 6,526 |
| 5 | Agathe Sauzon | France | 3 | 6,050 |
| 6 | Pia Babnik | Slovenia | 3 | 5,150 |
| 7 | Anaelle Carnet | France | 4 | 5,130 |
| 8 | Rachael Taylor | Scotland | 4 | 4,663 |
| 9 | Mireia Prat | Spain | 5 | 4,479 |
| 10 | Naueon Eum | South Korea | 5 | 4,383 |
Earned membership for the 2021 Ladies European Tour.
# Francisco Sierra

Francisco Sierra may refer to:
* Francisco Sierra (boxer), Mexican boxer
* Francisco Sierra (artist), contemporary artist
* Francisco Pérez Sierra, Neapolitan painter
# Adeline Grattard

Adeline Grattard is the head chef of the Michelin-starred restaurant Yam'Tcha in Paris.
Grattard was born on 8 February 1978 in Dijon, France. She was trained at the School of French Cuisine at Ferrandi and worked under Pascal Barbot at L'Astrance.
Grattard's husband, Chi Wah Chan, was born in Hong Kong, and they moved from Paris to Hong Kong for two years, where Grattard worked alongside Chinese chefs and explored the culinary scene. They returned to Paris and together opened Yam'Tcha in the Les Halles neighborhood in 2009. The name Yam'Tcha is a reference to the Cantonese phrase "Yum cha" for eating a meal with tea, and tea service by Chan is part of the prix fixe meal at the restaurant. Yam'Tcha received many positive reviews in its first year and was awarded one star in the 2010 Michelin Guide.
Grattard was featured on an episode of the Netflix series Chef's Table: France in 2016.
# Aldaric acid

Aldaric acids are a group of sugar acids, where the terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids, and are characterised by the formula HO$_2$C-(CHOH)$_n$-CO$_2$H. Oxidation of just the aldehyde yields an aldonic acid while oxidation of just the terminal hydroxyl group yields an uronic acid.) Aldaric acids cannot form cyclic hemiacetals like unoxidized sugars, but they can sometimes form lactones.

## Synthesis and reactions

Aldaric acids are usually synthesized by the oxidation of aldoses with nitric acid. In this reaction it is the open-chain (polyhydroxyaldehyde) form of the sugar that reacts. These compounds are of interest as bio-derived chemicals including to bio-derived polyesters.

## Structure

Nomenclature of the aldaric acids is based on the sugars from which they are derived; for example, glucose is oxidized to glucaric acid and xylose to xylaric acid.
Unlike their parent sugars, aldaric acids have the same functional group at both ends of their carbon chain; therefore, two different sugars can yield the same aldaric acid (this can be understood by looking at the Fischer projection of a sugar upside down—with normal aldoses, this is a different compound due to the aldehyde function at the top and the hydroxyl function at the bottom, but with aldaric acids, there is a carboxylic acid function on both ends, so upside down and right side up do not matter). For example, D-glucaric acid and L-gularic acid are the same compound (but the first name is preferred, because of D- prefix). A consequence of this is that some aldaric acids are meso forms with no optical activity despite their multiple chiral centers—this occurs if a sugar and its enantiomer oxidize to the same aldaric acid. An example is D-galactose—it has four chiral centers, but D-galactaric and L-galactaric acids, which have the opposite configuration at each chiral center and therefore would be expected to be enantiomers, are actually the same compound; therefore, galactaric acid is an achiral meso form with no optical activity. Again, this can be understood by taking the Fischer projection of either acid and looking at it upside down—the configuration is now switched at every carbon.
Adipic acid, HO$_2$C(CH$_2$)$_4$CO$_O$H, is not an aldaric acid, but a simple dicarboxylic acid.