OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galvão (surname)

Galvão, Galvao, &c. is a Portuguese surname derived from Latin Galbanus and Galba.
Notable people with this surname include:

## Sportspeople

* André Galvão (born 1982), Brazilian mixed martial artist
* André Galvão (futsal player) (born 1992), Portuguese futsal player
* Antonio Dino Galvão (1901–????), Brazilian footballer
* Diego Benedito Galvão Máximo (born 1986), Brazilian footballer
* Diogo Galvão (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
* Douglas Galvão Silva (born 1986), Brazilian footballer
* José Antônio Martins Galvão (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
* Lucas Galvão (born 1991), Brazilian footballer
* Marcos Galvão (born 1981), Brazilian mixed martial artist
* Mário Galvão (1916–?), Portuguese footballer
* Martim Galvão (born 1995), Portuguese footballer
* Mauricio Galvao (1890–1945), German field hockey player
* Mauro Galvão (born 1961), Brazilian footballer and manager
* Pedro Galvão (born 1934), Argentine swimmer
* Pedro Galvão (footballer) (born 1984), Portuguese footballer
* Raulino Galvao (1888–?), German hockey player
* Rodrigo Andreis Galvão (born 1978), Brazilian footballer
* Tiago Galvão da Silva (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
* Vinicius Galvão Leal (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
* Washington Galvão Júnior (born 1989), Brazilian footballer

## Other fields

* António Galvão (c. 1490–1557), Portuguese soldier and historian
* Cândido da Fonseca Galvão (1845–1890), Brazilian military officer
* Carlos Galvão de Melo (1921–2008), Portuguese military officer
* Duarte Galvão (c. 1435–1440 – 1517), Portuguese diplomat
* Eduardo Galvão (1962–2020), Brazilian actor
* Filipe Galvão, known as Fiuk (born 1990), Brazilian actor and singer
* Flávio Galvão (born 1949), Brazilian actor
* Frei Galvão (1739–1822), Brazilian Franciscan friar and saint
* Henrique Galvão (1895–1970), Portuguese politician and writer
* Lula Galvão (born 1962), Brazilian musician
* Marcos Galvão (diplomat) (born 1959), Brazilian diplomat
* Patrícia Rehder Galvão, known as Pagu (1910–1962), Brazilian writer
* Paulo Galvão (born 1967), Portuguese musician
* Ricardo Galvão (born 1947), Brazilian physicist and engineer
* Sofia Galvão (born 1963), Portuguese lawyer and politician
# Garras International Antinarcotics Training School

The Garras International Antinarcotics Training School (Escuela Garras del Valor) is a military training facility located in Bolivia, which trains military and law enforcement personnel from Bolivia and other Latin American countries in counternarcotics, intelligence, and counterinsurgency techniques.
# Gammarus fossarum

Gammarus fossarum is a species complex of freshwater amphipod crustacean native to Europe. They are abundant members of the macroinvertebrate community, and also used as model organisms for ecotoxicology.

## Description

Gammarus fossarum go through nine or ten moults of their exoskeleton before reaching sexual maturity; weighing just 0.1 mg at birth, by adulthood they have a wet weight of 5 to 7 mg. Adult G. fossarum are between 4.5 and 10 mm in length, and weigh up to 41 (females) to 61 (males) mg wet weight.

## Distribution

Gammarus fossarum are widely distributed throughout central and southeastern Europe. They are found in France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Serbia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It was previously thought to be a single species based on morphological characteristics, however genetic and genomic research has revealed additional diversity within G. fossarum. Mitochondrial DNA showed that there were three distinct clades in central Europe, subsequently called types A, B, and C. More recent population genetic analyses on amphipods from across the entire distribution range of G. fossarum have revealed that it is in fact a species complex of at least 80 cryptic species. Thesee analyses found at least six major clades, located in Central Western Europe (CWE), Central Eastern Europe (CEE), South Eastern Europe (SEE), France and Central Europe (CRA-CE-A), Eastern Europe (EE-Q), and Central Europe (CE-B). The clades diverged at least 20 million years ago, during the Miocene. Populations can be highly differentiated even at the regional and local scales due to genetic drift.
Gammarus fossarum are now found also outside their native range. They were detected in the United Kingdom using environmental DNA sampling in 2015.

## Ecology

Gammarus fossarum prefer flowing, well-oxygenated water and are often found in smaller and mid-sized streams, particularly in hilly and mountainous areas. They can be found in densities up to hundreds of individuals per square meter.
Gammarus fossarum are omnivorous. They are known for their shredding of leaf litter detritus that enters streams and waterways from the surrounding forest, but G. fossarum also feed on other macroinvertebrates. In many locations, G. fossarum co-occur with other amphipod species, and the species engage in intraguild predation. G. fossarum are prey for larger aquatic animals, such as fish.
Before mating, male and female G. fossarum form precopulatory pairs and move together in their environments. This behavior lasts for several days and both males and large females have some element of mate choice.
Gammarus fossarum are parasitized by a number of taxa, including acanthocephalans.

## Use in ecotoxicology

Gammarus fossarum are a common animal to use in bioassessment and ecotoxicology. Their survival, growth, reproduction, activity levels, physiology, and food consumption are used as indicators of environmental conditions, including acidity, nanoparticles, wastewater effluent, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
# Gammarus katagani

Gammarus katagani is a species of freshwater amphipod, collected from Domaniç in Kütahya Province, Turkey. This species belongs to the Gammarus balcanicus group. The presence of an additional row of setae on the last two meta-some segments in both sexes is the most diagnostic character for the species.
# Gary Hibbs

Gary Thomas Hibbs (born 26 January 1957) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a midfielder.
# Garfield Kennedy

Garfield Kennedy is a documentary and fiction film-maker and producer based in Somerset, England. He was elected as a Liberal Democrat District Councillor for the Shepton West Ward of Mendip District Council in a by-election in July 2010.
Kennedy attended Coleraine Academical Institution and studied Architecture at the University of Edinburgh where he edited The Student newspaper and founded the long-running Festival Times newspaper with (now broadcaster) Sheena McDonald. Festival Times was the first publication to give dedicated and extensive coverage of the Edinburgh Festival (Fringe, International Festival and Film Festival). He then joined Granada Television in Manchester in 1975 and later formed his own independent production company.

## Filmography

Kennedy's films include a series of documentaries on Sir Richard Branson and adventurer Per Lindstrand's successful flights across the Atlantic in 1987, then Pacific in 1990, and their series of attempts to fly non-stop around the world in a Rozière balloon in the late 1990s. He shot the film of the world's first circumnavigation of the world by balloon when Swiss psychiatrist, Bertrand Piccard, and English balloon pilot, Brian Jones, flew their Breitling Orbiter 3 Rozière balloon over the Mauritanian coast completing the flight in 19 days, 21 hours, and 55 minutes. This series of films won the Grand Prix at the Jules Verne Adventure Film Festival in Paris and the Audience Award at the same Festival.
He produced and directed the Emmy Award-winning 9/11 documentary for the BBC and PBS WGBH Boston, Why the Towers Fell and has completed a series of fiction shorts including the BAFTA Nominated Bye-Child (written and directed by Bernard MacLaverty. MacLaverty won the Best New Director at the BAFTA Scotland Awards for the film.
In addition, Kennedy produced The Fall of Shug McCracken which won the Best Comedy Award at the Santa Monica Film Festival and documentary, "The Grandparents" directed by Romanian-born Ioana Joca, which was nominated for Best New Work and for the Best New Director Awards by BAFTA Scotland.
In 2005 Kennedy executive produced the BBC factual entertainment series How to Start Your Own Country where writer/comedian, Danny Wallace formed his own micronation and named it "Lovely". The series and its associated website and interactive TV shows won two national BAFTA Awards in 2006.
In 2006–2007, Kennedy series produced Young Peoples Programmes for Raidió Teilifís Éireann in Dublin, then produced and directed a film on the murder of British student, Meredith Kercher, in Perugia Italy in November 2007.

## Liberal Democrat Councillor

Kennedy now lives in Somerset where he was elected as a Liberal Democrat District Councillor in July 2010 for the Shepton West Ward of Mendip District Council.. The vacancy arose due to the non-attendance of a Conservative Party councillor, who was removed from office. Kennedy's election removed the Conservatives majority on Mendip Council.
# Gasco

Gasco may refer to:
* GASCO, an Abu Dhabi gas company
* GasCo, a subsidiary of Dynegy
* Egyptian Natural Gas Company
* FC Gasco, a Somali football club
* Gasco FC, an Egyptian football club; see 2014–15 Zamalek SC season
* General Aviation Safety Council (GASCo), a UK general aviation organization; see Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers
# Gasoline Alley, Alberta

Gasoline Alley, also known as the Gasoline Alley Business Park, is a business park in Red Deer County, Alberta, Canada, located immediately south of the City of Red Deer. The area is bound by Alberta Highway 2A to the west, Red Deer city limits the north, Range Road 272 to the east, and the south boundaries of quarter sections along Township Road 374 (McKenzie Road) to the south. It is bisected by Alberta Highway 2 (Queen Elizabeth II Highway), which has resulted in the area being divided into Gasoline Alley East and Gasoline Alley West.

## Description

Gasoline Alley is a predominantly commercial and light industrial area located along Alberta Highway 2 in Red Deer County. As of 2018, it also includes a residential community named Liberty Landing. Due to the area being divided by Highway 2, the area is referred to as Gasoline Alley East and Gasoline Alley West. Gasoline Alley South is used in reference to the area located west of Highway 2 and south of McKenzie Road which is characterized by warehouses and logistical companies.
The following various industrial and business parks form part of Gasoline Alley.
* Gasoline Alley East
** Clearview Industrial Park
** Energy Business Park
** McKenzie Industrial Park
** Petrolia Industrial Park
** Piper Creek Business Park
* Gasoline Alley West
** Hamlet of Gasoline Alley including the urban residential community of Liberty Landing

## History

Gasoline Alley began as a private rest area due to its location near Red Deer, midway between the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. Gas stations and restaurants were located along Highway 2 on service roads located just south of Red Deer city limits, with some business located on both sides of the highway to service northbound and southbound travellers respectively. In 1995, Alberta Transportation opened the McKenzie Road interchange, which allowed travellers from either direction of Highway 2 to better access both sides of Gasoline Alley. Around the same time, Red Deer County began expanding and developing Gasoline Alley to have more industrial and retail development, with Gasoline Alley West now having big box stores such as Costco and a movie theatre. In 2018, as part of the Highway 2/2A/Gaetz Avenue interchange reconstruction, the original service road to Gasoline Alley West was permanently closed and removed, with business access being moved to Leva Avenue, located on to the west of the highway-facing businesses.
# Gary Holman

Gary Holman may refer to:
* Gary Holman (baseball) (born 1944), baseball player
* Gary Holman (politician), Canadian politician
# Gat mort

Gat mort is a left tributary of the Garonne, in southwest France. It is 37 km (23 mi) long.

## Geography

Gat mort rises in the Landes de Gascogne Regional Natural Park, in the commune of Hostens, generally drains in a north-easterly direction through the Graves wine-growing region and flows into the Garonne as a left tributary after about 37 km (23 mi) at the municipal boundary of Beautiran and Castres-Gironde.

## Department and towns

Gat mort flows through the following department and towns:
* Gironde (33) : Hostens, Saint-Magne, Louchats, Cabanac-et-Villagrains, Saint-Morillon, Saint-Selve, Castres-Gironde, Beautiran.
# Gayville, Putnam County, New York

Gayville is a hamlet in Putnam County, in the U.S. state of New York.
Gayville was named for a family of early settlers.
# Gausel

Gausel is a neighborhood (delområde) in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Hinna between the neighborhoods of Jåttå, Godeset, and Forus and the Gandsfjorden.

## History

Until the 1980s, Gausel was primary farmland. From the 1990s onwards, increased settlement has taken place, and new service facilities have been built. The Gausel Church was built in 1996. The Stavanger branch of the cash management company NOKAS was relocated to Gausel, after the robbery incident in central Stavanger in 2004.
The Jæren Line, a railway line that is part of the Sørland Line, passes through Gausel. Gausel Station was operative from 1902 and until the mid-1960s. The old station was taken down and a new station was constructed and it opened in December 2009. It is one of the four railway stations that are part of the new double track between Stavanger and Sandnes, which opened in November 2009.

## Nature reserve

The nature reserve Gauselskogen is an old forested area located at Gausel. It covers an area of 55,000 square metres (14 acres), and was established as a nature reserve by law in 1984. It is a broad-leaf forest, mainly oaks, but also elms, maples, beech, and hazels, a mixture of large trees and undergrowth giving rise to a rich birdlife.

## Archaeological site

At the western side of Gauselskogen is an archaeological site, with most notably a rich woman's grave dating from the Viking Age. The grave, also called a "queen's grave", was discovered in 1883, and is regarded among the richest women's graves from the Viking Age. Several objects found in 1883 showed Irish heritage (Vikings ruled parts of Ireland during various historical periods). About forty objects were registered, including silver and bronze clasps, silver arm rings, a finger-ring, pearls, knives, a bit and furnishings, cooking equipment, and parts of a reliquary. The objects are part of the collections at Bergen Museum.
New examinations of the location were done in 1997. These uncovered settlements from the early Iron Age, and nearby boat graves dated from the late Iron Age.
# Gazoryctra

Gazoryctra is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 14 described species found in Eurasia, Canada and the United States.

## Species

* Gazoryctra chishimana – Kuril Islands
* Gazoryctra confusus – United States
* Gazoryctra fuscoargenteus – northern Eurasia
* Gazoryctra ganna – Europe
* Gazoryctra hyperboreus – Canada
* Gazoryctra lembertii – United States
* Gazoryctra macilentus – Siberia
* Gazoryctra mathewi – United States
* Gazoryctra mcglashani – United States
* Gazoryctra novigannus – Canada
* Gazoryctra pulcher – United States
* Gazoryctra roseicaput – Canada
* Gazoryctra sciophanes – United States
* Gazoryctra wielgusi – United States
# Gastrotheca ochoai

Gastrotheca ochoai is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to southern Peru and occurs in the interandean valleys on the eastern face of the Andes. The specific name ochoai honors Oscar Ochoa Mendieta, a biology professor from the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco who helped the species descriptors during the field work. Common name Chilca marsupial frog has been coined for this species.

## Description

Adult males measure 26–33 mm (1.0–1.3 in) and adult females 31–39 mm (1.2–1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed in dorsal view and round in profile. The tympanum is round; the supra-tympanic fold is weakly developed and granular. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have moderate webbing; the discs are wide and roundly truncate. Dorsal skin has small tubercles. Adults have golden tan coloration with black or brown markings, potentially joining into median or paired stripes. They can, however, change their color to brown, as well as change the intensity of the dorsal patterns. There are narrow, dark brown canthal and post-orbital stripes. The iris is bronze. The venter is dusky white.
The tadpoles metamorphose in their mother's pouch.

## Habitat and conservation

Gastrotheca ochoai is an arboreal frog found in cloud forests at elevations of 2,700–2,800 m (8,900–9,200 ft) above sea level. The tadpoles develop in bromeliads. It is a very rare species that is threatened by habitat loss (deforestation) caused by subsistence use of wood and timber and by increasing human habitations. It occurs in the Manú National Park.
# Gel point (petroleum)

The gel point of petroleum products is the temperature at which the liquids gel so they no longer flow by gravity or can be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when the petroleum product reaches a low enough temperature to precipitate interlinked paraffin wax crystals throughout the fluid.
More highly distilled petroleum products have fewer paraffins and will have a lower gel point. On the other hand, the gel point of crude oil is dependent upon the composition of the crude oil as some crude oils contain more or less components that dissolve the paraffins. In some cases the gel point of a crude oil may be correlated from the pour point.
The gel points of some common petroleum products are as follows:
* #1 diesel fuel: 15.5 °F (−9.2 °C).
* #2 diesel fuel: 17.5 °F (−8.1 °C).
* Heating oil: 16.0 °F (−8.9 °C).
* Kerosene: −40.0 °F (−40.0 °C).
For the petroleum product to flow again, it needs to be brought above the gel point temperature to the ungel point, which is typically near its pour point. However, without stirring the paraffin waxes may still remain in crystal form so the fuel may have to be warmed further to its remix temperature to completely re-dissolve the waxes.
Anti-gel additives are sometimes added to petroleum products where cold temperature may affect their use. The additives act to reduce the formation of wax crystals in the product, thereby lowering the pour point and the gel point of the fuel. Anti-gel additives may not necessarily affect the cloud point.
# Gela (river)

The Gela river is located in Sicily. It originates from the Disueri lake and, after about 59 kilometers, flows into the Strait of Sicily of the Mediterranean Sea, near the town Gela.

## Overview

The extension of the basin of the river is about 569 square kilometers.
Giozzo and Maroglio are its main tributary rivers.
The name Gela (Γέλα) may come from the Greek verb γελάω "I smile/laugh".
# Gemi, Araç

Gemi is a village in the Araç District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 64 (2021).
# Gemicikırı, Biga

Gemicikırı is a village in the Biga District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 326 (2021).
# Gemmula ornata

Gemmula ornata is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species have been found in New Zealand.
# Gemmula orba

Gemmula orba is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species have been found in Tertiary strata in New Zealand.
# Genealogy (disambiguation)

Genealogy also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.
Genealogy may also refer to:
* Genealogy (philosophy), a historical technique in philosophy in which one questions the commonly understood emergence of various philosophical and social beliefs by attempting to account for the scope, breadth or totality of ideology within the time period in question, as opposed to focusing on a singular or dominant ideology. Considered continuation of the works of Friedrich Nietzsche.
* Genealogy (linguistics), also known as genetic relationship, the connection between two or more languages descended from a common ancestor through the process of language change

## Entertainment

* Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War, a 1996 video game
* Genealogy (band), 6-member Armenian supergroup formed to represent Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 from Armenia and five continents where Armenian diaspora is present
# Gentiana sceptrum

Gentiana sceptrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It is known by the common names king's scepter gentian or king's gentian.
It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to northern California. It grows in wet areas in the hills and mountains, such as flooded meadows and bogs. It is also found at sea level in sphagnum bogs. This is a perennial herb with stems growing along the ground or erect and approaching a meter in height. The stems are leafy, with each oval-shaped leaf several centimeters long and about half as wide. Flowers are solitary or clustered in inflorescences of several. Each flower is four to five centimeters long and two or three wide at the mouth when open. The corolla is dark blue to purple with pointed lobes. The fruit is a capsule containing seeds with small wings.
# Gennes-Longuefuye

Gennes-Longuefuye (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Gennes-sur-Glaize (the seat) and Longuefuye.
# General Loomis

General Loomis may refer to:
* Francis B. Loomis Jr. (1903–1989), U.S. Marine Corps major general
* Frederick Oscar Warren Loomis (1870–1937), Canadian Army major general
* Harold Francis Loomis (1890–1970), U.S. Army brigadier general
# Gent

Gent is a shortened form of the word gentleman. It may also refer to:
* Ghent (Dutch: Gent), a Belgian city
** K.A.A. Gent, a football club from Ghent
** K.R.C. Gent, a football club from Ghent
** Gent RFC, a rugby club in Ghent
** .gent, a GeoTLD (top-level domain) for the city of Ghent
* Gent (hyperelastic model), rubber elasticity model
* Gent Cakaj (born 1990), Albanian politician
* Gent Strazimiri (born 1972), Albanian politician and former Deputy Minister of Interior Affairs
* Gent (surname)
* Gent (magazine), a defunct pornographic magazine
* Honeywell Gent, a brand of fire alarm systems previously known as Gents' of Leicester
# Geoffrey Tyler

Geoffrey Tyler OBE (born 10 June 1920 – 28 April 2012) was an English educationalist.
He was born in Ilford, Essex. A keen composer and singer, he has published books of songs for children.

## Education

He attended Ilford County High School, Manchester University and University College, Oxford.

## Career

* Armament Supply Officer, Admiralty HQ, 1938–46
* Assistant Master, Barrow Grammar School, 1951–53
* Administrative Assistant, School of Education, Manchester University, 1953–55
* Professional Assistant, Cheshire LEA, 1956–57
* Assistant Education Officer (Schools), Wiltshire LEA, 1957–61
* Further Education Officer, Buckinghamshire LEA, 1961–65
* Vice-Principal, Mid-Essex Technical College, Chelmsford, 1965–69
* Principal, Ealing Technical College, London, 1969–75
* Director, East Sussex College of Higher Education, 1976–78
* Associate Director, Brighton Polytechnic, 1978–79
* Governor, then Vice-Chairman, then Chairman, Eastbourne College of Further Education, 1979–93
* Chairman of Corporation, Eastbourne College of Arts and Technology, 1993–2001
* Vice-Chairman, Sussex Downs College, 2001–2007
* Appointed OBE, 2004
* Sheriff Woody {Toy Story musical at Disney Cruise}