OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# B.A.C.K.

B.A.C.K. is the fourth studio album by Danish thrash metal band Artillery. It was released in 1999 via Die Hard Music, and is the band's first full-length studio album since By Inheritance, which came out nine years earlier. After the release of B.A.C.K., Artillery would break up again, but eventually reformed for a second time in 2007.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Artillery

## Personnel

* Flemming Rönsdorf – vocals
* Morten Stützer – guitars and bass
* Michael Stützer – guitars
* Per Moller Jensen – drums

## Note

* The tracks "Fly" and "Jester" were originally bonus tracks for the Japanese version of the album. They are now also available on the version of B.A.C.K. found in the band's 4-CD box set, Through the Years, released in 2007, and in Germany on a 2010 re-release via Cyclone Temple.
# Henderson v. United States (1950)

Henderson v. United States, 339 U.S. 816 (1950), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States that abolished segregation in railroad dining cars with an 8-0 ruling.

## The decision

On May 17, 1942, Elmer W. Henderson, an African-American passenger, was travelling first-class on the Southern Railway from Washington to Atlanta en route to Birmingham in the course of his duties as an employee of the United States.
At about 5:30 pm, while the train was in Virginia, the first call to dinner was announced and he went promptly to the dining car. Under practices then in effect, the two end tables nearest the kitchen were to be reserved initially for African Americans with curtains drawn between them and the rest of the car. If the other tables were occupied before any African-American passengers presented themselves at the diner then those two tables were made available for white passengers.
As the tables were partly occupied by white passengers (with at least one seat at them unoccupied) the dining-car steward declined to seat the passenger in the dining car, offering instead to serve him at his Pullman seat. The passenger declined and the steward agreed to send him word when space was available. No word was sent and he was not served, although he twice returned to the diner before it was detached at 9 pm.
The passenger filed a complaint with the Interstate Commerce Commission in October 1942, alleging this conduct violated provisions of the Interstate Commerce Act. While the Commission acknowledged that he had been subjected to undue and unreasonable prejudice and disadvantage, it dismissed the occurrence as a casual incident brought about by the bad judgment of an employee and refused to enter an order as to future practices.
The United States District Court for the District of Maryland disagreed; the railroad's general practice, as evidenced by its stated policies in effect on August 6, 1942, was in violation of the Interstate Commerce Act.
The US Supreme Court did not rule on the constitutionality of "separate but equal" in this instance but did find that the railroad had failed to provide the passenger with the same level of service provided to a white passenger with the same class of ticket, a violation of principles already established in Mitchell v. United States (1941).

## Analysis

The Court refused to rule on the separate but equal doctrine, but the mandate of the Court eliminated the reserved tables and the curtain.
# Güre

Güre may refer to:
* Güre, Edremit, a town in the Edremit district of the Balıkesir province in Turkey
* Güre, Hocalar, a village in the District of Hocalar of the Afyonkarahisar Province in Turkey
* Güre, Uşak, a town in the Uşak province in Turkey
# Commersonia apella

Commersonia apella, commonly known as many-flowered commersonia, is a small, upright shrub in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy leaves and whitish flowers.

## Description

Commersonia apella is an upright, spreading shrub, 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in – 6 ft 7 in) high and 1–2.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 8 ft 2 in) wide. The new growth stems are sessile or have short stalks, glandular, yellowish, and covered with star-shaped hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped, margins finely toothed, grey-green on upper surface with a thick covering of short, matted, star-shaped, sessile, white hairs, paler underneath and slightly wrinkled and soft, 8–30 mm (0.31–1.18 in) long, 4–14 mm (0.16–0.55 in) wide and the older leaf petioles 2.8–4 mm (0.11–0.16 in) long and rounded or pointed at the apex. The inflorescence are borne opposite a leaf on a flowering branch 7.5–23.5 mm (0.30–0.93 in) long in clusters of 3-15 on a peduncle 1.5–12 mm (0.059–0.472 in) long, individual flowers on stalk 2.5–6.8 mm (0.098–0.268 in) long. The pedicel and peduncle are both thickly covered with sessile, yellow or white star-shaped hairs. The bracts are oval or narrowly elliptic shaped, 1.5–4 mm (0.059–0.157 in) long, 0.3–1.0 mm (0.012–0.039 in) wide, buds blunt at the base, apex rounded and ribbed. The calyx are green near the base, oval-shaped, white, 3.3–4.5 mm (0.13–0.18 in) long, pointed at the apex, upper surface smooth, simple or star-shaped hairs, lower surface thickly covered with white, star-shaped hairs. The flower petals are yellowish-cream, 2.2–2.7 mm (0.087–0.106 in) long, 1.1–1.6 mm (0.043–0.063 in) wide and swollen near the base. The fruit is ellipsoid shaped, about 2.3–4.5 mm (0.091–0.177 in) long and covered with thick, soft, star-shaped hairs.

## Taxonomy and naming

Commersonia apella was first formally described in 2011 by Carolyn F. Wilkins and the description was published in Australian Systematic Botany from specimens collected west of Denmark in 1978. The specific epithet (apella) means "without a bowl", referring to the petals that are not deeply pouched.

## Distribution and habitat

Many-flowered commersonia grows in sandy clay in woodland, forest and coastal location between Pemberton and Esperance, but has not been recently located.

## Conservation status

Commersonia apella is listed as "critically endangered' under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is in danger of extinction.
# Florian Marciniak

Florian Marciniak (codenames: Jerzy Nowak, Nowak, J.Krzemień, Szary, Flo; 4 May 1915 in Gorzyce, Kościan County – 20/21 February 1944 in Gross-Rosen) was a Polish scoutmaster (harcmistrz), and the first Naczelnik (Chief Scout) of the paramilitary scouting resistance organization, the Szare Szeregi, during the Second World War.
Marciniak was a graduate of St. John Cantius High School in Poznań. He was arrested by the Gestapo on 6 May 1943 and murdered in February 1944 at the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.
# Electoral district of Wynyard

Wynyard was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales from 1904 to 1913, including the town of Tumut and named after Wynyard County. It replaced all of the abolished district of Tumut and part of the abolished district of Gundagai. Its only member was Robert Donaldson. The Federal Capital Territory was removed from New South Wales in 1911 and Wynyard was abolished in the 1912 redistribution. Most of the district, including the town of Tumut was absorbed by the district of Yass and the balance was distributed between the surrounding districts of Cootamundra, Wagga Wagga and Albury.

## Members for Wynyard

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Robert Donaldson | Progressive | 1904–1907 |
| | Robert Donaldson | Independent Liberal | 1907–1913 |

## Election results

1910 New South Wales state election: Wynyard :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent Liberal | Robert Donaldson | 2,722 | 51.0 | -6.8 |
| | Labour | Walter Boston | 2,612 | 49.0 | 6.8 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 5,334 | 98.4 | +0.4 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 87 | 1.6 | −0.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,421 | 78.6 | +0.7 |
| | Member changed to Independent Liberal from Progressive (defunct) | Member changed to Independent Liberal from Progressive (defunct) | | | |
# Electoral district of Yarraville

The electoral district of Yarraville was a district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria.

## Members

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Roy Schintler | Labor | 1958–1967 |
# Embassy of Germany, Abuja

The German Embassy in Abuja is Germany's diplomatic mission to Nigeria.
The embassy is located at 9 Lake Maracaibo Close, off Amazon Street Maitama / Abuja F.C.T. The consulate-general is located in Lagos at 15, Walter Carrington Crescent, Victoria Island - Lagos, Nigeria.
The embassy is also home to a consulate various departments and a military attaché.
Current German Ambassador to Nigeria is Birgitt Ory.
# Emily Warren (disambiguation)

Emily Warren (born 1992) is an American singer.
Emily Warren may also refer to:
* Emily Warren (artist) (1869–1956), artist and illustrator
* Emily Warren (courtesan) (died 1780s), English courtesan
* Emily Warren Roebling (1843–1903), helped complete the Brooklyn Bridge when her husband, Chief Engineer Washington Roebling, fell ill
* Emily Warren (scientist), American physicist
# Emily Warren (scientist)

Emily Warren is an American chemical engineer who is a staff scientist at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Her research considers high efficiency crystalline photovoltaics.

## Early life and education

Warren became interested in science as a child. At elementary school, she campaigned to save the rainforest. Warren was an undergraduate student at Cornell University, where she studied chemical engineering and became aware of the energy industry. She travelled to Nigeria for a course on sustainable development. She was a graduate student at California Institute of Technology. Her research considered the growth of silicon microwire arrays using vapor–liquid–solid methods. These strategies could be used to produce high aspect ratio structures that are efficient in photovoltaics and have a high surface area for use in catalysis and as electrodes in water splitting. After earning her doctorate, she briefly considered working in industry, but instead joined the Colorado School of Mines to work on solar thermoelectric generator projects.

## Research and career

Warren joined the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in 2014, where she started working on electrochemical measurements of semiconductor materials. Her research considers heteroepitaxy of III-V semiconductors. In particular, she is interested in how the nanostructure impacts coalescence and performance.
Warren has worked on tandem solar cells, multi-layer devices that combine various photovoltaic materials of narrow and wide badgaps to form efficient multi-junction devices. Silicon is used as the bottom cell for many tandem solar cells owing to its high efficiency and well-established fabrication protocols. Warren used computational modelling to demonstrate that a three-terminal device, consisting of a top cell in series with an interdigitated back contact silicon cell with a conductive top contact, was more efficient than a two- or four-terminal device. She showed that it was possible to make highly efficient, highly stable all perovskite tandem solar cells.

## Selected publications

* Michael G Walter; Emily L Warren; James R McKone; Shannon W Boettcher; Qixi Mi; Elizabeth A Santori; Nathan S Lewis (November 1, 2010). "Solar water splitting cells". Chemical Reviews. 110 (11): 6446–6473. doi:10.1021/CR1002326. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 21062097. Wikidata Q46232196.
* Shannon W. Boettcher; Emily L Warren; Morgan C Putnam; et al. (January 7, 2011). "Photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution using Si microwire arrays". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (5): 1216–1219. doi:10.1021/JA108801M. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 21214239. Wikidata Q46460891.
* Emily L. Warren; James R. McKone; Harry A. Atwater; Harry B. Gray; Nathan S. Lewis (2012). "Hydrogen-evolution characteristics of Ni–Mo-coated, radial junction, n+p-silicon microwire array photocathodes". Energy & Environmental Science. 5 (11): 9653. doi:10.1039/C2EE23192A. ISSN 1754-5692. Wikidata Q59947162.
# Emily Kau'i Zuttermeister

Emily Kau'i Zuttermeister (March 8, 1909 – March 3, 1994) is Hula Master who was recognized as a Living Treasure of Hawaii by the Honpa Hongwanji Mission, and a recipient of a National Heritage Fellowship in 1984.

## Personal life

On March 8, 1909, Emily Kauiomakawelinalaniokamanookalanipo (also referred to as Emily Kau'i) was born to Gabriel Kukahiwa and Elizabeth Kaili Kukahiwa. She was taken as a hānai by William Kamahumahu Kalani and Virginia A'ahulole Kalani. She remained in contact with her birth family. She attended St Ann's School and Benjamin Parker School on O'ahu and Waimea High School on Kaua'i. She excelled in quilting and won blue ribbons in State Fairs and other craft competitions.
She married Patrick J. McCabe and they had two children, Justina (born 1928) and Patrick Jr. (born 1929). However, they divorced shortly thereafter. On October 13, 1934, she married an American U.S. Navy Officer, Carl Henry Zuttermeister. Her son, Patrick, took the name Carl Henry Zuttermeister Jr. Afterward, she went by the name Emily Kau'i Zuttermeister. During the late 1930s, the Zuttermeisters bought land and built several houses which were later rented out and passed down to her children.

## Career

In her 20s, she worked as a telephone operator at the State Hospital in Kāne'ohe and later became an assistant to the chef at the hospital. In 1933, with the encouragement from her husband, she started taking hula lessons from her mother's cousin, Samuel Pua Ha'aheo. Zuttermeister formally graduated from Ha'aheo's class in 1935.
In 1936, Zuttermeister opened her own school for hula – Ilima Hula Hale. She continued teaching hula, traditional chants, and pahu drumming in the style of Pua Ha'aheo for more than 50 years. She taught her daughters, Noenoelani and Kuuipo, and her granddaughter, Hauoli as well.
Zuttermeister judged various hula competitions, including the Merrie Monarch Festival in Hilo, the King Kamehameha Traditional Hula and Chant Competition, and the Queen Lili'uokalani Trust's Hula Kahiko Amateur Contest. In 1983, she was recognized as a Living Treasure of Hawaii by the Honpa Hongwanji Mission.
She was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
In 1989, four Zuttermeister generations performers represented Hawai'i in the Festival of American Folklife at the Smithsonian.

## Death and legacy

Zuttermeister died on March 3, 1994 at her Kāne'ohe home. She was five days shy of her 85th birthday. Her daughter, Noenoelani, took over her studio and continues to teach hula.
# Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg

Emmerik Lucian Høegh-Guldberg (4 May 1807 – 31 May 1881) was a Danish painter who was born in Aarhus to Julius Høegh-Guldberg, a military officer and politician, and his wife Margrethe Pallene Hahn. His half-brother was the politician Christopher Julius Høgh-Guldberg and his grandfather was Ove Høegh-Guldberg. Høegh-Guldberg was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog in 1853 and was made a Knight of the Dannebrog in 1874. ARoS Art Museum contains one painting of Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg painted by his friend Christen Købke.

## Education

Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg was the child of Julius Høegh-Guldberg and Margrethe Pallene Hahn who lived in Aarhus. Emmerik was originally supposed to have a military career like his father and he became a military cadet in 1819 to 1826. However, in 1828 he went to Copenhagen where he was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. He studied painting under Christian August Lorentzen and later graduated from the plaster school in July 1828. Like Lorentzen he mostly worked with animal painting but also did etchings on metal.

## Work

In 1829 he came back to Aarhus and got a job teaching writing and calculus at Aarhus Cathedral School. In 1859 he became adjunct professor at the Cathedral School and he kept working there until 1879. While working at the Cathedral School he was also principal of Prins Frederik Ferdinands Tegneskole, which would later become Aarhus Tech. In 1840 he helped organize an art exhibition in Aarhus which later became Aarhus Museum. Høegh-Guldberg exhibited at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition in 1833-38, 1852 and 1855.

## Private life

In 1834, Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg co-founded Aarhus Borgerlige Skydeselskab (Aarhus Shooting Society) which his father and brother also became members of. In 1836, he married Vilhelmine Therese Gebauer, the daughter of Christian David Gebauer. Christian Gebauer was Høegh-Guldbergs teacher and mentor while he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. Vilhelmine Therese Gebaurer died the year after in 1837 and in 1843 he married again, this time to Jacobine Mathilde Raae, the daughter of the merchant Peter Christian Raae. The couple had 5 children: Carl Ove Høegh-Guldberg, Margrethe Frederikke Wilhelmine Høegh-Guldberg, Emma Nora Høegh-Guldberg, Petra Høegh-Guldberg and Julie Hanne Mathilde Høegh-Guldberg.

## Paintings

Bjørnejagt (by sketch of Gebauer, 1833, National Gallery of Denmark); En brølende tyr (exh. 1833); En ædende ko (exh. 1833); Udsigt over Århus fra en i nærheden liggende klint (exh. 1836); Kvægmarked (exh. 1838); En forpost (exh. 1852); Jysk hornkvæg (exh. 1855).
# Emotional aperture

Emotional aperture has been defined as the ability to perceive features of group emotions. This skill involves the perceptual ability to adjust one's focus from a single individual's emotional cues to the broader patterns of shared emotional cues that comprise the emotional composition of the collective.
Some examples of features of group emotions include the level of variability of emotions among members (i.e., affective diversity), the proportion of positive or negative emotions, and the modal (i.e., most common) emotion present in a group. The term “emotional aperture” was first defined by the social psychologist, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, and organizational theorist, Quy Huy. It has since been referenced in related work such as in psychologist, journalist, and author of the popular book Emotional Intelligence Daniel Goleman's most recent book "Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence." Academic references to emotional aperture and related work can be found on the references site for the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations.
Emotional Aperture abilities have been measured using the EAM. The EAM consists of a series of short movie clip showing groups that have various brief reactions to an unspecified event. Following each movie clip, individuals are asked to report the proportion of individuals that had a positive or negative reaction.
Emotional aperture, the ability to pick up such subtle signals in a group, works on essentially the same principle as the aperture of a camera, so he says. We can zoom in to focus on a person's feelings, or, conversely, zoom out to encompass everyone gathered - whether it's a school class or a workgroup. This concept is closely linked to emotional intelligence since it includes abilities such as the ability to develop motivation and persistence. Aperture enables managers to read information more accurately and understand, for example, whether their proposal is met with enthusiasm or rejection. Accurate perception of these signals can prevent failure and help make useful adjustments during project implementation.

## Origin

The construct, emotional aperture, was developed to address the need to expand existing models of individual emotion perception (e.g., emotional intelligence) to take into account the veracity of group-based emotions and their action tendencies.
# 1971 Vermont Catamounts football team

The 1971 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. In their second year under head coach Joe Scannella, the team compiled a 2–7 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | Connecticut | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | W 20–7 | 7,200–7,300 |
| September 25 | Bucknell* | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | L 6–10 | 7,200–7,500 |
| October 2 | Lehigh* | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | L 8–49 | 7,200–7,352 |
| October 9 | Rhode Island | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | L 22–34 | 6,300 |
| October 16 | at New Hampshire | Cowell StadiumDurham, NH | L 7–28 | 12,570–12,871 |
| October 23 | at Hofstra* | Hofstra StadiumHempstead, NY | L 10–13 | 5,722 |
| October 30 | at UMass | Alumni StadiumHadley, MA | L 15–24 | 7,000 |
| November 6 | Maine | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | W 17–13 | 6,000–6,300 |
| November 13 | at Northeastern* | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 7–42 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Abigail Bakan

Abigail "Abbie" B. Bakan (born 1954) is a Canadian academic.

## Academic career

Bakan was chair of the Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Social Justice Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto from 2013 to 2018 and after the end of her term remains a professor in the department. Her research focuses on employment equity, Marxist theory and "anti-oppression politics".
From 1998 to 2013, she was Professor of Political Studies at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada after being an associate and then assistant professor at the university from 1985 until 1998. From 2011 to 2013 she served as Head of the Department of Gender Studies at Queen's.
Bakan was educated at York University,

## Views on Israel/Palestine

In a protest held in Toronto on July 29, 2006, Bakan criticized the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper for supporting "Israel's illegal action against the Lebanese and Palestinian people." In a debate held at York University on May 11, 2009, Bakan and Ryerson University professor Alan Sears spoke in support of a boycott of Israeli academic institutions.

## Books

Bakan has written and edited several books including:
* Negotiating Citizenship: Migrant Women in Canada and the Global System, co-authored with Daiva Stasiulis, University of Toronto Press, 2005.
* Critical Political Studies: Debates and Dialogues from the Left, co-edited with Eleanor MacDonald, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-7735-2252-2
* Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada, co-edited with Daiva Stasiulis, University of Toronto Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8020-7595-9
* Imperial Power and Regional Trade: The Caribbean Basin Initiative, co-edited with David Cox and Colin Leys, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-88920-220-6
* Ideology and Class Conflict in Jamaica: The Politics of Rebellion, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-7735-0745-0

## Family

Bakan is the daughter of psychologist and academic David Bakan and philosopher and academic Mildred Bakan. She is the cousin of law professor Joel Bakan and ethnomusicologist Michael Bakan.