OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donggaodi Subdistrict

Donggaodi Subdistrict (Chinese: 东高地街道; pinyin: Dōnggāodì Jiēdào) is a subdistricts on the southeast of Fengtai District, Beijing, China. It is situated south of Nanyuan and Jiugong Townships, west and north of Jiugong Township, and east of Nanyuan Subdistrict. According to the 2020 census of China, Donggaodi has a total population of 42,705 under its jurisdiction.
The subdistrict was named Donggaodi (Chinese: 东高地; lit. 'East High Land') in 1958 for its relatively elevated landscape compare to surrounding region.

## History

Timeline of changes in the status of Donggaodi Subdistrict :
| Years | Status |
| 1949 | Part of Nanyuan District |
| 1954 | Part of Nanyun Town and Jiugong Township |
| 1958 | Established as Donggaodi Subdistrict as a site for the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology |

## Administrative Division

In 2023, the subdistrict consists of 12 communities, which are listed in the table below:
| Administrative Division Code | Community Names | Name Transliteration |
| 110106006001 | 东高地 | Donggaodi |
| 110106006002 | 三角地第一 | Sanjiaodi Diyi |
| 110106006003 | 三角地第二 | Sanjiaodi Di'er |
| 110106006004 | 西洼地 | Xiwadi |
| 110106006005 | 六营门 | Liuyingmen |
| 110106006006 | 万源东里 | Wanyuan Dongli |
| 110106006007 | 万源西里 | Wanyuan Xili |
| 110106006008 | 梅源 | Meiyuan |
| 110106006009 | 东营房 | Dongyingfnag |
| 110106006010 | 万源南里 | Wanyuan Nanli |
| 110106006011 | 东高地北 | Donggaodibei |
| 110106006012 | 东高地南 | Donggaodinan |

## Landmark

* China Aerospace Museum
# Gymnarthridae

Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of the group Recumbirostra. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous through the Early Permian. Remains have been found from the Czech Republic, Nova Scotia, Illinois, Texas, and Oklahoma. Previously they were considered tuditanomorph microsaurs.
Gymnarthrids are relatively elongate with short limbs. The skulls of gymnarthrids are also small, with a single row of large conical teeth on the margin of the jaw (a feature that distinguishes them from other microsaurs). In some genera, such as Bolterpeton and Cardiocephalus, the teeth are labiolingually compressed.
Gymnarthridae was first erected by E. C. Case in 1910 to include the newly described Gymnarthrus. It was placed in a new suborder, Gymnarthria. Case initially considered gymnarthrids to be reptiles, but later recognized them to be amphibians, placing Cardiocephalus in the family. Pariotichus was placed within Gymnarthridae by Alfred Romer after having previously been assigned to the basal amniote family Captorhinidae by Edward Drinker Cope.
# Fingerville

Fingerville may refer to:
* Fingerville, South Carolina: a census-designated place in the United States
* Fingerville, Keewatin: a former village which is now part of The Pas, Manitoba, Canada
# Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1822–1910)

The Chamber of Deputies of Portugal, alternatively translatable as the House of Commons and formally styled the Chamber of the Gentlemen Deputies of the Portuguese Nation (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados or Câmara dos Senhores Deputados da Nação Portuguesa) was the lower house of the Cortes Gerais, the legislature of the Kingdom of Portugal during most of the constitutional monarchy period. The Chamber of Deputies directly represented the Portuguese Nation, elected through direct suffrage of the electoral circuits corresponding to the districts of Portugal. During the First Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was remodeled after the US House of Representatives.

## History

The Chamber was created in 1826 with the Constitutional Charter.
# Governor Colby

Governor Colby may refer to:
* Anthony Colby (1792–1873), 20th Governor of New Hampshire
* Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby (1906–1958), Governor of Nyasaland from 1948 to 1956
# 2014–15 in Uruguayan football
## National teams
### Senior team

This section covers Uruguay's senior team matches from the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup to the end of the 2015 Copa América.
# Indapur taluka

Indapur taluka is a taluka in Baramati subdivision of Pune district of state of Maharashtra in India.

## Demographics

Religions in Indapur taluk (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 92.83% | 92.83% |
| Islam | Islam | 4.86% | 4.86% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 1.24% | 1.24% |
| Jainism | Jainism | 0.63% | 0.63% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.44% | 0.44% |
Indapur taluka has a population of 383,183 according to the 2011 census. Indapur had a literacy rate of 81.53% and a sex ratio of 927 females per 1000 males. 45,787 (11.95%) are under 7 years of age. 25,515 (6.66%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.94% and 1.24% of the population respectively.
Languages of Indapur taluk (2011)
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.65% of the population in the district spoke Marathi and 4.35% Hindi as their first language.
# Isla Vista Municipal Advisory Council

The Isla Vista Municipal Advisory Council was a local government agency in the Isla Vista district of Santa Barbara County, California. It was among the first Municipal Advisory Councils of California, elected representative bodies created in 1970/1971 in certain localities in response to race riots.

## Background

The State of California created a new special form of local government agency in 1970 with the creation of Municipal Advisory Councils, legislation enacted in response to the increasing frequency of violent race riots and other disturbances in its urban settings. The new legislation was intended to empower local unincorporated communities and their involvement in policy decisions resulting in the provision of standard municipal services in areas distant to elected officials and seats of local government.

## First Municipal Advisory Councils

Among the first counties in the State to enable Municipal Advisory Councils (MACs) were Santa Barbara and San Mateo, which set up Councils in Isla Vista and in East Palo Alto in response to extensive riots in these unincorporated areas. These two MAC's became the most well-known examples in the State of this new form of quasi-representative government. The Isla Vista Municipal Advisory Council held its first election in early 1971 with nine local residents of the student community elected to the government with funding from the County of Santa Barbara to finance its operations. The new Council members elected were a mix of university students, local property owners and owners of commercial outlets, although this mix of residents is not legally mandated. In the same year, the County formed another special district with the creation of the Isla Vista Recreation and Park District.
The state legislation authorized the election of local community members in specified unincorporated areas of counties and the placement of such elections on the official ballot as well community issues to be voted on in a plebiscite. Upon election of nine residents, the Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors appointed the same members, by official resolution, to the open seats on Isla Vista Municipal Advisory Council (IVMAC) for a one-year term. Six of the seats were determined by district elections while three remaining positions were at-large seats. Council members were eligible for re-election and re-appointment Council members were first elected to the Isla Vista Community Council. The enabling State legislation also provided for local plebiscites on planning, land use and economic development issues of community importance.
# Donggang Subdistrict

Donggang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 东岗街道; traditional Chinese: 東崗街道; pinyin: Dōnggǎng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
Located near downtown Lanzhou, and at the eastern entrance to the city, is it home to many state-owned enterprises, colleges and universities and logistics businesses.

## Administrative divisions

The sub-district governs 5 residential communities and 4 administrative villages.
* Shengouqiao community
* Yan'erwan community
* Zhenxing community
* Xinxing community
* Taoshuping community

## Transportation

The area is served by Line 1 of the Lanzhou Metro.
# Gymnadenia bicornis

Gymnadenia bicornis is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to China.
# Fingest

Fingest is a village in Buckinghamshire, England.
It is in the Chiltern Hills near the border with Oxfordshire. It is about six miles WSW of High Wycombe. It lies in the civil parish of Hambleden.
The parish church of St Bartholomew's dates from the early Norman period. It has an unusual tower, with a double vaulted roof. The church is a Grade I listed building.

## Name
### Name history

* Tinghurst, Tynhurst (11-13th cent.)
* Tyngehurst (14th cent.)
* Tingerst alias Fyngerst or Fingest (16-18th cent.)

### Toponym

* The wood or wooded hill where the assembly meet
Fingest : ( Ting..hurst, Tyn..hurst ) 11-13th cent.
The name is a hybrid of Old Norse and Old English.
The first element ' ting ' or ' tyn ' is from Old Norse Þing - ( ' thing' ) ( ” assembly place ” ).
The next element ” hurst ” is from Old English ” hyrst ” ( ” wood or wooded hill ” ).

## History

The ancient parish of Fingest included Cadmore End to the north of the village, which became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1852.
The manor of Fingest anciently belonged to St Albans Abbey. In 1163 it was given to the bishop of Lincoln. The ghost of Henry Burghersh, 14th-century Bishop of Lincoln, is reputed to haunt the area. After this time it was used as the country residence for the Lincoln diocese until 1547 when it was seized by the Crown. It was then given two years later to the Duke of Somerset who exchanged it with a property belonging to Wells Cathedral. The manor is now privately owned.
The civil parish of Fingest, originally based on the ecclesiastical parish, was enlarged in 1934 by adding land from the parishes of West Wycombe, Great Marlow and Hambleden. As a result, Lane End became the largest settlement in the parish, and the parish was renamed Fingest and Lane End in 1937. In the 1980s the civil parish was abolished. The larger part became the parish of Lane End, and the village of Fingest was added to Hambleden parish.
Scenes of the period drama The Monuments Men were shot in Fingest in May 2013.
# List of firsts in Thailand

This is a list of firsts in Thailand.

## Education

* First University: Chulalongkorn University, founded in 1917.
* First private school: Bangkok Christian College, founded in 1852.
* First public secondary school: Suankularb Wittayalai School, founded in 1882.
* First textbook of the Thai language: Chindamani, Written during King Narai's reign (1656-1688).

## Energy

* First multi-purpose hydroelectric dam: Bhumibol Dam, finished in 1964.
* First time electricity was generated in Thailand: Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall, 1884

## Exploration

* First Thai to reach the peak of Mount Everest: Withitnan Rojanapanich, 2008.
* First Thai to reach Antarctica: Princess Sirindhorn, 1993

## Military

* First submarines in the Royal Siamese Navy: Matchanu-class submarine, all 4 ships are commissioned in 1938.
* First aircraft carrier in the Royal Thai Navy: HTMS Chakri Naruebet, commissioned in 1997.

## Politics and government

* First major Tai kingdom: Sukhothai Kingdom: 1238–1438
* First monarch of the Chakri Dynasty: Rama I: 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809.
* First Prime Minister: Phraya Manopakorn Nititada: 28 June, 1932- 20 June, 1933.
* First female Prime Minister: Yingluck Shinawatra: 5 August, 2011- 7 May, 2014.
* First political party: Progressive Party, founded in 1945.
* First successful coup against the constitutional government: 1933 Siamese coup d'état, 1933.
* First and only naval officer to serve as prime minister: Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, 1946.

## Sports
### Olympics

* First Olympic games where Thailand participated: 1952 Summer Olympics, 1952.
* First Thai Olympic medalist: Payao Poontarat (Boxing), Also the first Thai bronze Olympic medalist, 1976.
* First Thai gold Olympic Medalist: Somluck Kamsing (Boxing), 1996
* First Thai silver Olympic Medalist: Dhawee Umponmaha (Boxing), 1984.

### Asian Games

* First Asian Games held in Thailand: 1966 Asian Games, 1966.

## Transportation

* First road built using modern construction methods: Chaoroen Krung road, opened in 1864.
* First railway line, first electric railway service: Paknam Railway, established in 1893, electrified in 1959
* First airport: Don Mueng International Airport, opened in 1914. Also regarded as the oldest airport in Asia.
* First car imported to Thailand: Imported by the royal family, 1900s.
* First flight demonstration in Siam: Henry Farman Biplane flown by Charles Van Den Born, 1911
* First bridge across the lower Mekong, First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge, opened in 1994.

## Others

* First zoo: Dusit zoo, Bangkok, opened in 1938.
* First national park: Khao Yai National Park, established in 1962.
* First coastal national park of Thailand: Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, established in 1966.
# Crăiești (disambiguation)

Crăiești may refer to several places in Romania:
* Crăiești, a commune in Mureș County
* Crăiești, a village in Stănișești Commune, Bacău County
* Crăiești, a village in Vârlezi Commune, Galați County
* Crăiești, a village in Adămuș Commune, Mureș County
* Crăiești, a village in Bozieni Commune, Neamț County
# Govt. Sundarban Adarsha College, Khulna

Government Sundarban Adarsha College is an educational institution located in the Khulna district of Bangladesh which was established on 1 July 1989. The college is currently imparting education at higher secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels under the Jessore Board of Education and National University.

## History

Sundarban Adarsh Mahavidyalaya was established in 1989 on the campus of City Law College, Ahsan Ahmed Road, Khulna. The founding head of the college was Babu Pramath Nath Biswas. Its campus was shifted to its own land adjacent to Khanjahan Ali Road in 1971. At present, its campus area is 0.60 acres. The college was declared nationalized on 25 November 1991 and nationalized on 19 August 1993.
# 2013 Volta Limburg Classic

The 2013 Volta Limburg Classic was the 40th edition of the Volta Limburg Classic cycle race and was held on 30 March 2013. The race started and finished in Eijsden. The race was won by Rüdiger Selig.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Rüdiger Selig (GER) | 4h 55' 46" |
| 2 | Sonny Colbrelli (ITA) | + 0" |
| 3 | Paul Martens (GER) | + 0" |
| 4 | Davide Rebellin (ITA) | + 0" |
| 5 | Pim Ligthart (NED) | + 0" |
| 6 | Sander Armée (BEL) | + 4" |
| 7 | Mike Terpstra (NED) | + 4" |
| 8 | Marc de Maar (CUR) | + 4" |
| 9 | Luc Hagenaars (NED) | + 4" |
| 10 | Sébastien Delfosse (BEL) | + 4" |
# Inskip (surname)

Inskip is an English surname, originally given to people from Inskip, Lancashire. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Inskip (1868–1949), Anglican bishop
* John Swanel Inskip (1816–1884), American minister
* Thomas Inskip (1876–1947), British politician
* Tim Inskip (1885–1971), British Indian Army major-general and cricketer
* William Inskip (1852–1899), English trade unionist
# Isaac Peretz

Isaac Peretz may refer to:
* Isaac Peretz, known as Vicky Peretz, Israeli footballer
* Isaac Leib Peretz, Polish author
# Dorin Zotincă

Dorin Bogdan Zotincă (born 13 April 1971) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a defender and midfielder. His brother, Alex Zotincă was also a footballer.

## International career

Dorin Zotincă played two friendly games at international level for Romania.

## Honours

Inter Sibiu
* Balkans Cup: 1990–91
# Fitzwilliam, West Yorkshire

Fitzwilliam is a small village on the edge of West Yorkshire, England, in the City of Wakefield district. The village falls within the Hemsworth ward of Wakefield City Council.

## Governance

It is part of the town of Hemsworth and local government is in the hands of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council, with the Hemsworth Town Council as a mainly consultative body. However, the Post Office recognises it as a separate settlement from the town of Hemsworth.

## History

It was built as a pit village. It has a railway station on the Wakefield Line, providing it with connections to Leeds, Wakefield, Doncaster and Sheffield. The railway station closed in 1967, reopened in 1982 and the line was electrified in 1989.
The village provided housing for miners at the colliery originally named "Fitzwilliam Main". The name was taken from the family name of the colliery's proprietor. In 1905, a bitter industrial dispute led to all the miners being expelled from their homes, which were owned by the Fitzwilliam family; this became known as the "Kinsley eviction".
The mine later changed its name to Hemsworth Colliery which closed in 1969. Kinsley Drift Mine was opened on the site of the old Hemsworth Colliery in 1977. In the long-running miners' strike of 1984 to 1985, a riot took place in Fitzwilliam on 9 July 1984, and nine people ("The Fitzwilliam Nine") were convicted of public order offences as a result.
Kinsley and nearby Nostell Pit were closed in 1986 and 1987 respectively. South Kirkby Colliery closed in 1988. As a result, there was a high level of unemployment in the locality and migration led to it being labelled as a ghost town. Between 2003 and 2006, part of the village was demolished, including the whole of the "City estate", to clear derelict properties. In response, Fitzwilliam was included in the Hemsworth Coalfield regeneration area and has received special funding to aid its recovery. The economy improved much in the first decade of the 21st century and unemployment in the Hemsworth seat fell to 3% in 2007, although there are no statistics specifically for Fitzwilliam.

## Notable residents

* Geoffrey Boycott, cricketer
* Cyril and Peter Knowles, footballers
* Sir Albert Lamb commonly known as Larry Lamb, newspaper editor
The band Chumbawamba recorded a song named after the village, which described its painful decline following the 1984–1985 miners' strike. The village also plays a large role in the crime novel Nineteen Seventy Four, in which it is introduced in a list of "hard towns for hard men" and then later referred to as "a dirty brown mining town" and "where the night comes early and nowt [nothing] feels right, where the kids kill cats and the men kill kids".
# Culture and Expo Center station

Culture & Expo Center Station (Chinese: 文化博览中心站) is a station of Line 1, Suzhou Rail Transit. The station is located in Suzhou Industrial Park of Suzhou. It has been in use since April 28, 2012, the same time of the preoperation of Line 1.
In November 2019, this station and many others were partially renamed to Wenhuabolanzhongxin Station. On line maps and official maps, this station's English name is listed as "Wenhuabolanzhongxin". However, ticket machines still display the name "Culture and Expo Center".
# Graham Pountney

Graham Michael Pountney (born 6 February 1953) is a British actor.
His television credits include: Angels, The Cleopatras, Howards' Way, Peak Practice, Doctors, Sea of Souls, Hustle and New Tricks.
# Infermental

Infermental was a magazine published solely on videocassettes. The concept was conceived the Hungarian filmmaker Gábor Bódy in 1980. The name is a combination of the words "international", "ferment", and "experimental".

## History

The eleven volumes of Infermental were published from 1980 to 1991 with a rotating series of editors from different countries. Each annual issue assembled from four to seven hours of the audio-visual work that represented the latest national trends of each country.
Infermental's ten issues (and one special) totaled approximately seventy hours of material from more than a thousand artists and thirty six countries. Among the numerous participating artists were Gary Hill, Rafael Montañez Ortiz, Jon Jost, Peter Weibel, Heiko Daxl, Marina Grzinic, Aina Smid, Joan Jonas, Yello, Ulrike Rosenbach, Hiroshi Ito, Mona Hatoum, Paul Garrin, and Steina and Woody Vasulka.
In 1990, Veruschka Baksa-Soós stated "The annual anthologies, published by local editors (artist groups from 12 cities), are in fact a rich find for semoticians, topologists and visual philosophers. With this now 65 hours long video archive, a vocabulary of the 1980s has been made available to the public."

## Availability

The Infermental collection is accessible to the public at the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe.
# Isothetic polygon

An isothetic polygon is a polygon whose alternate sides belong to two parametric families of straight lines which are pencils of lines with centers at two points (possibly the point at infinity). The most well-known example of isothetic polygons are rectilinear polygons, and the former term is commonly used as a synonym for the latter one.

## Etymology and history

The term is produced from Greek roots: iso- for "equal, same, similar" and thetos (position, placement), i.e., the term is supposed to mean "polygon with similarly placed sides".
The term was suggested during the early years of the computational geometry. Much emphasis was placed on the development of efficient algorithms for operations with orthogonal polygons, since the latter ones had an important application: representation of shapes in integrated circuit mask layouts due to their simplicity for design and manufacturing. It was observed that the efficiency of many geometric algorithms for orthogonal polygons does not really depend on the fact that their sides meet at right angles, but rather on the fact that their sides are naturally split into two alternating sets (of vertical and horizontal segments).

## Sets of isothetic polygons

In many applications of computational geometry, when a problem is stated for a set of rectilinear polygons, it is very often implicitly assumed that these polygons have the same alignment (in fact, aligned to the same orthogonal coordinate axes), and hence the term "isothetic polygons" would be less ambiguous. In the context of digital geometry, isothetic polygons are practically axis-parallel and have integer coordinates of their vertices.
# Double digging

Double digging is a gardening technique used to increase soil drainage and aeration. It involves the loosening of two layers of soil, and the addition of organic matter.
Double digging is typically done when cultivating soil in a new garden, or when deep topsoil is required. On poor or heavy soils, or for vegetable gardens, double digging might be required every 3–5 years. In other cases, double digging is only really needed on starting a new garden, or on total replanting.
First the top layer is dug off with a spade, forming a shallow trench, and then the under-layer (at the bottom of the trench) is dug with a fork. When breaking up the lower layer, organic matter such as compost is usually added to the soil. If the soil is in need of other minerals like gypsum or phosphorus, this can also be added here.
A second trench is then started, backfilling the first trench. This process is repeated until the whole bed has been treated. There will be soil left over from the first trench, which is used to fill the last trench.
Walking on top of the bed will tend to compact it, so the gardener must be sure to protect the soil from too much foot traffic.
# Fiumara

Fiumara (Reggino: Sciumara 'i Muru) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. Fiumara borders the following municipalities: Calanna, Campo Calabro, Reggio Calabria, San Roberto, Scilla, Villa San Giovanni.