OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David G. Grier

David G. Grier is an American physicist whose research focuses on experimental soft condensed matter physics—an interdisciplinary field that includes physics, chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology, aiming to understand how objects interacting in simple ways manage to organize into sophisticated hierarchies of structure and function.
Grier is a professor in department of physics at New York University and a founding member of NYU’s Center for Soft Matter Research. Named as one of the “Top 20 Scientists Under 40” by Discover magazine in 2003, Grier served as chair of the university’s department of physics from 2005 until 2013.
Soft-matter research features close ties to industry, both because many of the most interesting soft-matter systems have immediate economic value and also because research in this field involves developing new methods and instruments for processing nanoscopic and microscopic systems. Among these is a holographic optical trapping technique, developed by Grier’s group as part of its National Science Foundation-funded basic research program, which provides the groundwork for new categories of applications in photonics, medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. The company he founded to commercialize this technology, Arryx, Inc., was recognized with an R&D 100 Award during its first year of operation. Grier’s achievements in this field have led to his being named one of the Scientific American 50 for 2004 and one of the World Economic Forum’s Technology Pioneers for 2005.
His laboratory’s other achievements include developing state-of-the-art methods of digital video microscopy and introducing powerful new methods of holographic video microscopy. Using these techniques, the Grier group has demonstrated the first practical tractor beams, the first knotted force fields, and the first optically organized micromachines. The partnership of optical micromanipulation and optical characterization has revealed new principles in non-equilibrium statistical physics and is responsible for the still-controversial discovery that like-charged objects sometimes can attract each other.
Grier has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles on basic research in this area and holds more than 50 U.S. Patents on technology invented in the course of this research. His efforts have been recognized with a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship. More than a dozen of his former graduate students and postdoctoral fellows have gone on to faculty positions in major universities or leadership roles in industrial research and development.
Raised in New York City and a graduate of Stuyvesant High School, Grier attended Harvard College, where he graduated with high honors in physics. He received his doctorate in physics from the University of Michigan in 1989. After two years as a postdoctoral fellow in the Condensed Matter Physics Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Chicago, where he was a member of the physics department for 12 years.
# David Atwater

David Atwater (October 8, 1615 – October 5, 1692) was a founder of the Colony of New Haven, Connecticut. He was the first of the New Haven Colony who was sworn a freeman of the United Colony.

## History

Born in 1615 Royton, Lenham, Kent, England son of John Atwater and Susan Narsin, came to North America June 26, 1637, when he was 22. He sailed to America on a ship named Hector with his brother Joshua and sister Ann also on board. Traveling with him were John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton (founders of New Haven).
From Boston the group made their way to the Quinnipiack (home of the Quinnipiack Indians). But returned to Boston due to their lack of preparedness for the New England winter. His Brother and 7 others remained in New Haven. He returning in the spring of 1638 and settled there. On June 4, 1639, he signed the plantation covenant in Francis Newman's barn along with 20 others. The valuation of their land was £500 and up.
A farm was assigned to him in the "Neck" the tract between the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers. In 1685, David Atwater Jr. inherited his father's home, now believed to be on View and Ridge Streets. The will described it as an "old House, Barn and Orchard, [...] and twelve acres, lying on both sides ye creek, adjoining to meadow of Isaac Turner's, and twenty acres of upland, ten to ye Cornfield and ten in ye Neck, soth halfe that peese of land fensed in on ye west side of Road and ye Rock." The rest of his property was bequeathed to his son Samuel Atwater, including David's "dwelling house, barne and other buildings, with the Orchard". Remnants of the apple orchards and plants from gardens long ago are thought to still be in the area.
February 7, 1668: He was present at a town meeting when action was taken to establish the Hopkins Grammar School. His name is on the 1685 list of names of Proprietors of New Haven, CT.

## Personal life

David married Demaris Sayre (daughter of Thomas Sayre of Southampton, New York) around March 10, 1646. Children: Mercy Born February 29, 1647, Damaris November 12, 1648, David July 13, 1650, Joshua January 11, 1652, John November 1, 1654, Jonathan July 12, 1656, Abigail March 3, 1659, Mary March 31, 1662, Samuel September 17, 1664, Ebenezer January 13, 1666.
David Atwater died October 5, 1692, in Cedar Hill, New Haven and was buried at the Center Church on the Green Church yard, New Haven, Connecticut.
# David Cathels

David Cathels (1853–1925) was a Church of Scotland minister. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1924.

## Life

Ordained 22 February 1882 to Kirkton in the Scottish Borders. Translated and Admitted to Hawick 18 May 1892.
In 1880 he is listed as the Worshipful Master of a Freemason Lodge.
For most of his life he was minister of Hawick, from around 1885 until death.
In 1924 he succeeded Very Rev George Milligan as Moderator.
He died in the manse at Hawick in June 1925. His position as Moderator was filled by Very Rev John White of South Leith Parish Church.

## Family

David Cathels was father to the Reverend Louis Patrick Cathels (d. 1939), who was minister of Peterhead.

## Publications

According to a 1908 bibliography of books relating to or published in Hawick, Cathels wrote the following works:
* Ourselves and Our Times (1887)
* Christian Manhood (1889)
* Landmarks: A Common Riding Sermon (1895)
* Honour the King (1897)
* The Reformation and John Knox 8 volumes (1905)
# David Bates

David Bates may refer to:
* David Bates (English artist) (1840–1921), English landscape artist
* David Bates (American artist) (born 1952), American modernist artist
* David Bates (footballer) (born 1996), Scottish footballer
* David Bates (historian) (born 1945), British historian and writer
* David Bates (physicist) (1916–1994), Northern Irish mathematician and physicist
* David Bates (poet) (1809–1870), American poet
* David Bates (rugby league) (born 1980), Irish rugby league footballer
* David Bates (swimmer) (born 1976), Australian open water swimmer
* David Bates (politician) (1941–2017), American politician
* David W. Bates (born 1957), American-born physician, biomedical informatician and professor
# David Bradberry

David Bradberry, sometimes called Bradbury (1736–1803), was an English nonconformist minister.

## Life

Bradberry appears to have been resident in London in 1768, and for a time was minister of the congregation at Glovers' Hall, London, which then belonged to the baptists; but he went from Ramsgate to Manchester, where he succeeded the Rev. Timothy Priestley, brother of Joseph Priestley, 14 August 1785, as the minister of a congregational church in Cannon Street. He was not very successful in his ministry, which was disturbed by controversy, especially with some Scottish members, who were anxious to import the fashion of 'ruling elders,' and who eventually seceded and erected in Mosley Street what was then the largest dissenting chapel in Lancashire (according to Robert Halley). He resigned his position in 1794 and left the neighbourhood. He is buried in Bunhill Fields, where his gravestone states that he 'died 13 Jan. 1803, aged 67 years; having been a preacher of the gospel forty-two years.'

## Works

Bradberry was the author of:
* 'A Challenge sent by the Lord of Hosts to the Chief of Sinners,' a sermon upon Amos iv. 12, London, printed for the author, 1766.
* 'Letter Relative to the Test Act,' 1789.
* 'Tetelestai, the Final Close.' a poem, in six parts, Manchester, 1704. This poem describes the day of judgment from an evangelical standpoint, in an unusual metre. The book is also a literary curiosity from its dedication, addressed to the Deity, who is styled, among many other titles, 'His most sublime, most high and mighty, most puissant, most sacred, most faithful, most gracious, most catholic, most serene, most reverend,' and 'Governor-general of the World, Chief Shepherd or Archbishop of Souls, Chief Justice of Final Appeals, Judge of the Last Assize, Distributor of Rights and Finisher of Fates, Father of Mercies and Friend of Men'.
# David Boys

David Boys or Boschus (died 1461), Carmelite, was educated at Oxford University, and lectured in theology at that university; he also visited for purposes of study the University of Cambridge and several foreign universities. He became head of the Carmelite community at Gloucester, and died there in the year 1461. The following are the titles of works written by Boys: 1. De duplici hominis immortalitate. 2. Adversus Agarenos. 3. Contra varios Gentilium Ritus. 4. De Spiritus Doctrina. 5. De vera Innocentia.
# Daund taluka

Daund taluka is a taluka or subdivision of Pune district of the state of Maharashtra in India. The town of Daund is the only major urban area in this predominantly rural area. Daund railway station is a major railway junction. All southern railways are connected to this route, and also divided the Nagar railway to north Indian railway, like Delhi, Solapur division, Daund junction and then joined to the Pune district junction. To reach the Siddhi Vinayak Siddhatek Ganpati temple, one has to travel 14 km to Daund by road.
In the winter season, when the temperature drops to 19 to 20°C, Daund has the most agricultural production of sugarcane. The riverbank farmers mostly plant sugarcane as their seasonal crop. The back water of the Ujani Dam riverbed region has Acacia tree forest. Many thorned-trees are found in this region. Three sugar factories are available in Daund 1)Daund sugar limited, Alegaon 2)Bhima Patas, Patas 3)Anuraj sugar limited, Yavat.

## Demographics

Religions in Daund taluk (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 91.05% | 91.05% |
| Islam | Islam | 5.50% | 5.50% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 1.36% | 1.36% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 1.08% | 1.08% |
| Jainism | Jainism | 0.59% | 0.59% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.42% | 0.42% |
Daund taluka has a population of 380,496 according to the 2011 census. Daund had a literacy rate of 79.09% and a sex ratio of 939 females per 1000 males. 46,713 (12.28%) are under 7 years of age. 56,313 (14.80%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.05% and 2.54% of the population respectively.
Languages of Daund taluk (2011)
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 89.52% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 5.90% Hindi and 1.16% Telugu as their first language.
# David Salo

David Salo is an American linguist who worked on the languages of J. R. R. Tolkien for the Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film trilogies, expanding the languages (particularly Sindarin) by building on vocabulary already known from published works, and defining some languages that previously had a very small published vocabulary.

## Salo on Tolkien's languages
### Enthusiast

Salo's interest in Tolkien's languages arose when he read Tolkien's works as a boy. As an undergraduate at Macalester College, Minnesota he studied Latin, Greek, and linguistics, and used the knowledge gained to improve his understanding of Tolkien's languages. In 1998 he was among the founders of the Elfling mailing list for Tolkienist language enthusiasts. He graduated in linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 2004 he published a linguistic analysis of Sindarin: A Gateway to Sindarin: A Grammar of an Elvish language from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings. This book was reviewed in 2006 in volume 3 of the journal Tolkien Studies, and it was further reviewed in the context of Tolkienian linguistics as a whole in volume 4 of Tolkien Studies (2007).

### Consultant

In 2003, when still a graduate student in linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Salo was contracted for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy to write all the material in Elvish (particularly Sindarin), Khuzdul (Dwarvish) and other languages for the films, as well as to assist with other language-related items such as the Tengwar and Cirth inscriptions which appear in the films. Salo also translated the lyrics for the films' soundtracks: many of these are sung in Sindarin in Howard Shore's long and innovative music score for the film series. Subsequently, Salo provided similar services as the Tolkien language consultant for The Hobbit film trilogy.
He provided assistance with Khuzdul for the 2023 video game The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria.
# David Clark (footballer, born 1878)

David Cleland Clark (21 May 1878–unknown) was an Irish footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue and Glossop and in the Southern League for Bristol Rovers, Northampton Town, Southend United and West Ham United.
# David Colvin

David Colvin may refer to:
* D. Leigh Colvin (1880–1959), American politician
* David Colvin (rower) (born 1965), Australian rowing coxswain and coach
# Flat Rock Dam

Flat Rock Dam may refer to the following structures:
* Flat Rock Dam (Michigan), a dam in the U.S. state of Michigan
* Flat Rock Dam (Pennsylvania), a dam in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
# Caruna

Caruna distributes electricity and maintains, repairs and builds a weatherproof electricity network for its 690,000 customers in South, Southwest and West Finland, as well as in the city of Joensuu, the sub-region of Koillismaa and Satakunta. Caruna is responsible for about a fifth of Finland's electricity distribution. The CEO is Jyrki Tammivuori.

## Organization

Caruna includes two separate network companies. Caruna Espoo Oy operates in urban areas with a high cabling rate and a high number of customers to share the expenses per metres of network. Caruna Oy operates mainly in rural, sparsely populated, areas where their amount of network to be maintained, built and repaired is high. The length of the network is 168 metres per customer in Caruna Oy's area. In Caruna Espoo Oy's area, the corresponding number is 36 metres per customer.
Caruna was founded in 2014, but its story really began in 1912 in a place called Karuna where a new electricity company started out. Caruna has approximately 300 employees and contracts 1,000 additional workers across Finland. Caruna's operations are regulated by the Finnish Energy Authority, in charge of monitoring the electricity network business in Finland.
Caruna is owned by Finnish employment pension companies Elo (7.5%), as well as international infrastructure investors KKR (40%), OTPP (40%) and AMF (12,5%).

## Electricity network

The length of electricity network in total is 87,370 kilometres (54,290 mi).
In 2019, a total of 3,800 kilometres (2,400 mi) of electricity network was placed underground, where it is protected from the fluctuating weather conditions. The cabling rate is 56 per cent of the network. In 2019, the company distributed electricity to its customers with a reliability rate of 99.99 per cent. The newest substation is in Suurpelto, Espoo and it takes care of the electricity supply for the 20,00 customers in the area.

## Turnover

In 2022 the net sales amounted to EUR 484 million. Caruna paid a total of EUR 6.3 million in corporation tax in 2022. Caruna invested 127 million on building a reliable, weatherproof electricity network.
In 2017 Caruna turnover was €145 million and state tax rate 4% (€6 million). In 2017 Caruna paid its stakeholders 8.17% interest (77 million) while market loans were 1.5–3 % interest. Company interest cost were reduced from the taxable income based on Sipilä Cabinet taxation rules.
# Carolyn Jones (disambiguation)

Carolyn Jones (1930–1983) was an American actress.
Carole, Caroline or Carolyn Jones may also refer to:

## Media personalities

* Caroline Jones (broadcaster) (1938–2022), Australian radio and television news personality
* Carolyn Jones (British actress) (1941–2018), played Sharon Metcalfe on Crossroads from 1977 to 1984
* Caroline R. Jones (1942–2001), African American pioneering advertising agency founder
* Carole Ann Jones (1942–2019), birth name of American actress Carol Lynley
* Carolyn Jones (filmmaker) (born 1957), American director, writer, producer and photographer
* Carolyn Jones, American winner of 1977 National Sweetheart beauty pageant
* Caroline Jones (born 1960), birth name of English actress and television presenter Caroline Quentin
* Caroline Jones (singer) (born 1990), American country music songwriter and radio host

## Others

* Caroline Jones (humanitarian) (1808–1877), English immigration and welfare reformer in Australia
* Caroline A. Jones (born 1954), American art historian, author, curator and academic
* Caroline Jones (politician) (born 1955), Welsh independent Member of the Senedd
* Carolyn Jones (politician), Canadian legislator in Saskatchewan from 1999 to 2003
* Carolyn Jones (basketball) (born 1969), American guard for Auburn and Portland Fire
# Agnes Gordon

Agnes Leslie Gordon (née Willson, April 25, 1906 – May 24, 1967) was a Canadian bridge player.
She was born in Ridgetown, Ontario and graduated from the University of Ontario. She moved to Buffalo, New York after her marriage in 1930, although she remained a Canadian citizen.
At the North American Bridge Championships meet in November–December 1963 (then called "Fall Nationals"), Gordon and Eric Murray won the premier annual mixed pairs championship of the North America, the Rockwell Mixed Pairs. Their score in the final session, 506.5 matchpoints of 650 top, or 78%, is the highest single-session score in the history of national-level ACBL pairs competition (at least, it was from the 1930s to 2009). During the same 16-day meet, Gordon and Helen Portugal tied for first place among eight pairs in trials to play on the USA women team in May 1964. They went on to earn silver medals in the second quadrennial World Team Olympiad with a second-place finish behind Great Britain.
She died in a Buffalo hospital in 1967 from cancer.
Gordon was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2009.

## Bridge accomplishments
### Honors

* ACBL Hall of Fame, Von Zedtwitz Award 2009

### Wins

* North American Bridge Championships (6)
** Rockwell Mixed Pairs (1) 1963
** Whitehead Women's Pairs (1) 1961
** Wagar Women's Knockout Teams (1) 1967
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (2) 1956, 1962
** Reisinger (1) 1948

### Runners-up

* North American Bridge Championships
** Rockwell Mixed Pairs (1) 1956
** Whitehead Women's Pairs (1) 1959
** Smith Life Master Women's Pairs (1) 1964
** Wagar Women's Knockout Teams (3) 1957, 1963, 1964
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (2) 1951, 1955
# Akola Municipal Corporation

The Akola Municipal Corporation is the governing body of the city of Akola in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Akola municipal corporation is located in Akola. Akola Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

## Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

## Corporation Election 2017
### Political performance in Election 2017

The results of Election 2017 are shown in the following table.
| S.No. | Party Name | Number of Elected members |
| 01 | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 48 |
| 02 | Indian National Congress (INC) | 13 |
| 03 | Shiv Sena (SS) | 08 |
| 04 | Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 05 |
| 05 | Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh (BBM) | 03 |
| 06 | All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) | 01 |
| 07 | Independent | 02 |

## Municipal limit extension

The municipal limit of Akola Municipal Corporation was finalized to be extended on 30 Aug 2016 taking into the Municipal area surrounding 24 suburbs and villages. This has raised the area to 128 km$^2$ and population to 537,137. The Municipal region is thus subdivided into 20 wards with 4 members for each accounting 80 total seats.
# Graciella moea

Graciella moea is a species of flat-faced longhorn in the beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Gabon, Togo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, and the Republic of the Congo.
This species was described by Karl Jordan in 1903.