OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank-marriage

Frank-marriage, maritagium or liberum maritagium was a form of conditional marriage-gift of land under English law, often from father to daughter. It was classed as a type of fee tail.
In early medieval England land could be given to a bride on her marriage with the intent that it should descend to the children of the marriage to help set up the new family. Since land given in fee absolute (outright) was at risk of ultimately passing to collateral heirs or being sold or given away (alienation), it was common practice to ensure that the land remained with the direct heirs by giving it instead in frank-marriage (in liberum maritagium). Under this system, the donor's daughter and later the children of the marriage would hold the land for three generations free of all feudal services, with the donor or his heirs being able to recover it in the event that the direct family line ended during that period. If the family line survived for three generations, the land would convert to fee simple.
Typically, the three-generation rule was not explicitly stated in charters of gift, but apparently grew out of twelfth-century custom. By the middle of the thirteenth-century, there were concerns that the rule whereby the donor or his heirs could recover the land if the family line failed were proving ineffective. In 1258 the barons unsuccessfully petitioned the king complaining that nothing was being done to prevent widows without heirs from selling land granted to them in maritagium to third parties.
Frank-marriage was first recognised in the reign of Henry II, and became the most common kind of marriage settlement up to the reign of Elizabeth I.
# Fuest

Fuest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clemens Fuest (born 1968), German economist
* Irmgard Fuest (1903–1980), German politician and lawyer
* Robert Fuest (1927–2012), English film director, screenwriter, and production designer
# Egerfarmos

Egerfarmos is a village in Heves County, Hungary.
The area is inhabited from the 13th century, the village itself is first mentioned in documents from 1261 and since then it has been inhabited intermittently.
Jews lived in the village in the 18th and 19th centuries. Beginning in 1885, the village's Jews were subordinate to the Mazkabesh community. In 1944, many Jews from the village were murdered in the Holocaust.
# Canoeing at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's slalom K-1

The men's canoe slalom K-1 competition at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima took place between 3 and 4 August at the Cañete River in Lunahuaná.
The gold medal was won by Pepe Gonçalves of the Brazil.

## Schedule

All times are Local Time (UTC−5).
| Date | Time | Round |
| Saturday, 3 August 2019 | 10:08 | Heats |
| Sunday, 4 August 2019 | 10:02 | Semi-final |
| Sunday, 4 August 2019 | 11:43 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Name | Preliminary Heats | Preliminary Heats | Preliminary Heats | Preliminary Heats | Preliminary Heats | Preliminary Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final | Final |
| Rank | Name | 1st Ride | Pen. | 2nd Ride | Pen. | Best | Rank | Time | Pen. | Rank | Time | Pen. |
| | Pepe Gonçalves (BRA) | 77.52 | 0 | 82.77 | 6 | 77.52 | 1 | 88.62 | 2 | 1 | 85.81 | 0 |
| | Lucas Rossi (ARG) | 83.43 | 2 | 86.13 | 4 | 83.43 | 3 | 91.38 | 4 | 2 | 86.23 | 0 |
| | Keenan Simpson (CAN) | 88.17 | 4 | 85.57 | 4 | 85.57 | 5 | 95.10 | 4 | 5 | 88.45 | 0 |
| 4 | Joshua Joseph (USA) | 82.55 | 2 | 83.43 | 2 | 82.55 | 2 | 92.72 | 4 | 3 | 88.53 | 2 |
| 5 | Axel Fonseca (CRC) | 91.66 | 8 | 90.11 | 6 | 90.11 | 7 | 97.46 | 4 | 6 | 92.33 | 0 |
| 6 | Andraz Echeverría (CHI) | 86.36 | 2 | 85.29 | 0 | 85.29 | 4 | 93.25 | 2 | 4 | 93.01 | 2 |
| 7 | Alexis Pérez (VEN) | 102.05 | 10 | 89.29 | 2 | 89.29 | 6 | 99.48 | 4 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 8 | Eriberto Gutiérrez (PER) | 93.77 | 0 | 145.87 | 52 | 93.77 | 8 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 9 | Antonio Reinoso (MEX) | 96.53 | 0 | 97.44 | 2 | 96.53 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 10 | Juan Singuri (BOL) | 204.65 | 64 | 151.51 | 2 | 151.51 | 10 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# 16th Madras Native Infantry

The 16th Madras Native Infantry may refer to:
* 91st Punjabis (Light Infantry) which formed the 1st Battalion, 16th Madras Native Infantry in 1800
* 92nd Punjabis which formed the 2nd Battalion, 16th Madras Native Infantry in 1800
* 76th Punjabis which was called the 16th Madras Native Infantry in 1824
# Harpullia cupanioides

Harpullia cupanioides is a plant in the Sapindaceae family found in south east Asia: in the Andaman Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Yunnan, Hainan, Jawa, Laos, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
It was first described by William Roxburgh in 1824, and is the type species for Harpullia.

## Description

Harpullia cupanioides is a large tree, growing up to 20 m high, sometimes a canopy tree, sometimes a sub-canopy tree. Its bole is cylindrical and up to 70 cm in diameter, buttressed and with no spines, aerial roots, or stilt roots. Its bark is brown or grey, and rough with slightly vertical fissures. The terminal buds are not enclosed by leaves. There are no complex hairs, nor stinging hairs.
The leaves are arranged spirally up branchlets. They are compound, not winged and have a petiole and have mostly up to six leaflets. The leaflets are broadest below the middle, and 11.0-14.5 cm by 4.5-5.5 cm and are slightly asymmetric and alternate, with pinnate venation. Their lower surface is pale green or green, while the upper surface is a glossy green (with no covering, no domatia, and no stipules).
The inflorescence is axillary. The flowers are stalked and bisexual, stalked, with five axes of symmetry. They are 7.0-9.0 mm long with a diameter of up to10 mm. There are distinct whorls of sepals and petals. The inner perianth is greenish white or green. There are five stamens which are free of each other and free of the perianth. The ovary is superior.
The fruits occur on a branched axis, with each fruit being 15.0-20.0 mm long, orange, not fleshy, and openi at maturity to release their contents. The capsule is 2-valved. The seed are not winged, are as wide as they are long and are from 1–10 mm in diameter.
# Copala

Copala may refer to:

## Mexico

* Copala, Guerrero, city in southwestern Mexico
* Copala (municipality) in the State of Guerrero, southwestern Mexico
* Copala, Sinaloa, also known as San José de Copala, 400-year-old silver mining town near Mazatlan in northwestern Mexico
* San Juan Copala, an indigenous Triqui community and autonomous municipality in Oaxaca state

## Other

* Copala, a fabled mythical city of gold sought by Spanish conquistadors such as Francisco de Ibarra
* Copala Trique, a variant of the Trique language spoken in San Juan Copala, Oaxaca
# 2003 Belizean municipal elections

A series of municipal elections were held on March 5, 2003, to elect City and Town Councils in the Cities of Belize and Belmopan and the towns of Corozal, Orange Walk, San Pedro, San Ignacio/Santa Elena, Dangriga and Punta Gorda. 142 candidates ran in this election, of whom 25% were women.
This election was the first to be held on the same day as a general election, although general and municipal elections have been held in the same year.
The ruling People's United Party (PUP) won 47 of a possible 67 seats, with the UDP winning the remaining 20.

## Major party preparations

Beginning with the 1997 City Council elections, municipal elections have generally been called in March every three years. Even before then the majority of local and national elections were held in March or April.
# Helminthology

Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths). The field studies the taxonomy of helminths and their effects on their hosts.
The origin of the first compound of the word is the Greek ἕλμινς - helmins, meaning "worm".
In the 18th and early 19th century there was wave of publications on helminthology; this period has been described as the science's "Golden Era". During that period the authors Félix Dujardin, William Blaxland Benham, Peter Simon Pallas, Marcus Elieser Bloch, Otto Friedrich Müller, Johann Goeze, Friedrich Zenker, Charles Wardell Stiles, Carl Asmund Rudolphi, Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow and Johann Gottfried Bremser started systematic scientific studies of the subject.
The Japanese parasitologist Satyu Yamaguti was one of the most active helminthologists of the 20th century; he wrote the six-volume Systema Helminthum.
# Francisco Azorín Izquierdo

Francisco Azorín Izquierdo (12 September 1885, Monforte de Moyuela – 27 December 1975; Mexico) was a Spanish politician. He was one of the key agitators of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) in the Córdoba province.
Azorín Izquierdo was the son of a Guardia Civil from Alicante province. He studied at the Instituto General y Técnico in Teruel. In 1902 he moved to Madrid, to study at the Escuela Superior de Arquitectura. In the same year he joined PSOE. In Madrid he befriended the socialist leader Pablo Iglesias. Eight years later he returned to Teruel, and began teaching at the Instituto General y Técnico.
Being fluent in English, French and German, Azorín Izquierdo accompanied Iglesias at various international events from 1910 and onwards.
In 1912 Azorín Izquierdo moved to Málaga, to work as an architect there for a government agency. In July 1912 he married Carmen Poch Puga. He then moved to Córdoba, where he was contracted as a government official. He became politically active in the local socialist movement, speaking at a Socialist Youth meeting in the city in 1914. He became a member of the national committee of the Socialist Youth.
Azoín Izquierdo served as the president of the Córdoba city and province party organizations during several periods, as well as heading the Citizens' Federation and the provincial agrarian labourers' union. In 1919 and 1923 he stood as candidate in the national parliamentary elections. But in these elections he faced harassment and electoral fraud and was barred from being elected. He also stood as a candidate for the city council, but his employers order him to work in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria just before the election. Azorín Izquierdo refused to go along with the deployment and remained as a candidate. He was elected and served in the council until 1922. In 1922 he failed to get re-elected.
Between 1917 and 1927 he worked as an independent architect (with a part-time job as municipal architect in Ecija). He developed an independent and eclectic style of architecture of his own, with a clear social perspective. In the beginning of the 1930s, he opened an architect agency in Madrid together with José Mauro de Murga Serret.
Between 1928 and 1931 he served as national spokesperson of PSOE. In 1931 he was again elected to the Córdoba city council, and in the same year he was elected to the Spanish parliament. He failed to get re-elected to parliament in 1933, in the midst of internal disputes within the party in Andalusia.
Azorín Izquirdo, part of the moderate wing of PSOE, came into conflict with his own provincial party organization. He was denied a ticket in the 1936 parliamentary election as a result. In 1938 he moved to France, and served as Spanish consul in Tarbes and Toulouse. In 1939 he emigrated to Veracruz, Mexico. Together with his sons, we worked on the national monument in honour of Lázaro Cárdenas (inaugurated in 1974).
# Fudania jinshanensis

Fudania jinshanensis is a gram-positive species of bacteria from the family Actinomycetaceae, which has been isolated from the faeces of an antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii).
# Cimburk Castle

Cimburk Castle is a castle located in the Czech Republic. It was built between 1320 and the 1330s. Štěpán of Vartnov repaired the castles damage in 1468. Josef Schwoy described the castle in 1793. Conservation work began in the early 1900s.
# Harpullia ramiflora

Harpullia ramiflora, commonly known as the Claudie tulipwood or Cape York tulipwood, is a tree in the Sapindaceae family native to north east Queensland, New Guinea and parts of Malesia.

## Description

The Claudie tulipwood is a small tree growing up to 9 m (30 ft) high and a DBH of 15 cm (6 in). The dark green, glossy, compound leaves have 8 to 12 leaflets, and are quite large (they can reach up to 100 cm (39 in) long including the petiole). The ovate to elliptic leaflets are also fairly large, reaching up to 40 by 8.5 cm (16 by 3 in).
The inflorescences are initially axillary, later as the leaves fall they become ramiflorous. They are panicles up to 20 cm (8 in) long, and carry numerous flowers about 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) in diameter, with a green caylyx and 4 or 5 white or cream reflexed petals.
The fruits are bright red-pink, two-valved capsules about 12–18 mm (0.5–0.7 in) long by 18 mm (0.7 in) wide. Each valve contains a single black seed which is almost or completely covered by a bright yellow aril.

### Phenology

In Australia, flowering occurs from October to July, and fruits ripen from April to November.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1877 by the German botanist Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer. His paper, titled "Über die Sapindaceen Holländisch-Indiens", was published in 1879 in the work Actes du congrès international de botanistes, d'horticulteurs, de négociants et de fabricants de produits du règne végétal tenu à Amsterdam en 1877.

## Distribution and habitat

Harpullia ramiflora is native to the island of Catanduanes in the Philippines, the island of Halmahera and the Aru Islands in the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, and Cape York Peninsula in Australia. It grows in rainforest and gallery forest.
In Australia the range of this species was originally from the top of Cape York to near Rossville, but after extensive planting throughout the city of Cairns it has become naturalised in the areas around the city.

## Gallery

* Glossy foliage
* Ramiflorous infructescence
* Mature fruit
* Unripe fruit
# Conversations With Myself (book)

Conversations With Myself is a 2010 collection of Nelson Mandela's speeches, letters, conversation and some of his publications. It is a continuation of his 1994 book Long Walk to Freedom.

## Reception

Upon release, Conversations With Myself received generally positive reviews. Culture Critic gave it an aggregated critic score of 91 percent based on an accumulation of British press reviews.
# Channel Tunnel fire

There have been several fires in vehicles being transported through the Channel Tunnel since its opening in 1994. As of 2022 all were caused by lorries carried on the heavy goods vehicle shuttle trains. As the safety measures in such cases mostly work as intended, nobody has thus far died as a result of any of those fires.
* 1996 Channel Tunnel fire, which burned for over seven hours on 18 November 1996.
* 2006 Channel Tunnel fire, which closed the tunnel for a short period on 21 August 2006.
* 2008 Channel Tunnel fire, which burned for sixteen hours on 11 September 2008.
* 2012 Channel Tunnel fire, which closed the tunnel for a short period on 29 November 2012.
* 2015 Channel Tunnel fire, which burned the midsection of Running Tunnel North on 17 January 2015.
# A318

A318 may refer to:
* A318 road (Great Britain), a main road in the United Kingdom connecting Chertsey and Byfleet
* Autovía A-318, a highway in the Andalucian region of Spain
* Airbus A318, a short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger jet airliner built by Airbus Industrie
# Helene Cooper

Helene Cooper (born April 22, 1966) is a Liberian-born American journalist who is a Pentagon correspondent for The New York Times. Before that, she was the paper's White House correspondent in Washington, D.C. She joined the Times in 2004 as assistant editorial page editor.

## Career

She was a member of The New York Times reporting team that received the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for coverage of the 2014 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Cooper wrote about Liberian families in a culture of hugging and physical contact, when physical contact could suddenly spread a deadly disease. Liberians who cared for dying family members, as many did, knew they would probably get infected themselves. Other team members were Pam Belluck, Sheri Fink, Adam Nossiter, Norimitsu Onishi, Kevin Sack, and Ben C. Solomon.
At The Wall Street Journal, Cooper wrote about trade, politics, race, and foreign policy at the Washington and Atlanta bureaus from 1992 to 1997. From 1997 to 1999, she reported on the European Monetary Union from the London bureau. From 1999 to 2002, she was a reporter focusing on international economics; then assistant Washington bureau chief from 2002 to 2004.
In 2000, she and colleague Bob Davis won the Raymond Clapper Memorial Award for their Washington reporting.
In 2008, she published a memoir, The House at Sugar Beach (Simon & Schuster), about the Liberian coup of 1980 and its effect on the Coopers, who were socially and politically elite descendants of the free people of color from the United States who colonized Liberia in the 19th century. The book received critical acclaim and was a National Books Critics Circle Award finalist in 2008 for autobiography. The Washington Post called the book "a brilliant spotlight on a land too long forgotten".
She is the author of the book Madame President, about Liberia's first female president.

## Personal life

Cooper was born in Monrovia, Liberia, and studied journalism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating with a B.A. in 1987. Her ancestors include two early settlers of Liberia, Elijah Johnson and Randolph Cooper. Her paternal grandfather was John Lewis Cooper, a Liberian telecommunications businessman and government minister.
In a piece about her reaction to the Trump Administration's freeze on Muslim refugees, Cooper recounted her own experience as a 13-year-old refugee leaving Liberia. Her father was shot (but survived), her cousin was executed, and her mother agreed to be gang-raped by soldiers to protect her and her sisters. They came to the U.S. on a tourist visa, which they overstayed until Ronald Reagan's amnesty gave them green cards. When she read an account of an Iranian family being taken off a plane, she remembered how her family was waiting for the takeoff in Liberia, praying that no one would take them off.
Helene Cooper is first cousins with Wilmot Collins, the current mayor of Helena, Montana. He is known for being the first black person to be elected as mayor of a Montanan town or city (after its statehood in November 1889).
# Franz Ludwig Güssefeld

Franz Ludwig Güssefeld (6 December 1744 – 17 June 1807) was a German cartographer. He is noted for his highly accurate maps which were mostly published by Homannsche Erben (Homann Heirs") in Nuremberg.

## Biography

Güssefeld was born in Osterburg and already had an interest in drawing and creating maps in his youth. When he failed to secure a position with the Prussian Corps of Engineers, he became a forester.
His 1773 map of Brandenburg was the first of over 100 maps of his that were published by Homann Heirs. The high quality of Güssefeld's work is credited with saving Homann Heirs, a formerly famous publisher which before Güssefeld's arrival had been in an increasingly difficult position due to mismanagement.
During the final 18 years of his life, the Landes-Industrie Comptoir and Geographisches Institut von Bertuch in Weimar also published some of Güssefeld's maps. Güssefeld died of pulmonary edema in Weimar in 1807.

## Gallery

* United States (1784)
* Lower Saxony (1786)
* Africa (1797)
* Asia (1805)
# Fuifatu

Fuifatu is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated on the east coast of the island in the district of Fa'asaleleaga and the electoral district of Fa'asaleleaga 3. The population is 52.
# Eileen O'Brien

Eileen O'Brien may refer to:
* Eileen O'Brien (actress), English actress
* Eileen O'Brien (journalist) (1925-1986), Irish journalist
* Eileen O'Brien (camogie), Irish camogie player
* Eileen O'Brien (baseball) (1922–2015), played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in 1946
* Eileen O'Brien, musician, daughter of accordionist Paddy O'Brien
# Harbin University of Commerce

Harbin Commercial University (Chinese: 哈尔滨商业大学; pinyin: Hārbīn Shāngyè Dàxué), also known as Harbin University of Commerce, is a university in Harbin, China. It was the first multidisciplinary commercial university in China.

## Journals published

* Commercial Research
* Journal of Harbin Commercial University (Natural Science Edition)
* Journal of Harbin Commercial University (Social Science Edition)
# Correio

Correio (Portuguese pronunciation:, lit. 'Post') was a Portuguese-language newspaper published in Luxembourg. It was published by Editpress.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hirsch, Mario (2004). "Luxembourg". In Kelly, Mary J.; Mazzoleni, Gianpietro; McQuail, Denis (eds.). The Media in Europe. London: Sage. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7619-4132-3.
# Chantal Gary

Chantal Gary (born 11 February 1988) is a Luxembourgish geographer and politician of The Greens. From 2019 to 2023, she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. She succeeded her uncle Henri Kox in the chamber, when he resigned to become Minister of Housing.

## Early life and career

Gary was born in Luxembourg City in 1988. She is the granddaughter of Élisabeth Kox-Risch [lb], who was a member of the Christian Social People's Party until she began to protest the proposed Remerschen and Cattenom nuclear power plants, and was a candidate for The Greens in the 1999 and 2004 elections. Her grandmother's activism led her to become involved with politics. She studied geography in Montpellier, and graduated from the University of Innsbruck with a Master of Science. From 2016 to 2017, she worked for Fairtrade Lëtzebuerg, and from 2018 to 2019 she worked for the Verkéiersverbond.
# ATE Vulture

The ATE Vulture is a South African unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed and built by Advanced Technologies and Engineering (now Paramount Advanced Technologies, a division of the Paramount Group). It is powered by a 500 cc 2-stroke fuel injected engine. Its payload is a gyro stabilised optronic sight communicating on a secure C-Band data/video link. Its cruise speed is 120 km/h and its flight duration allows a loiter time of about 4 hours at 60 km from the launch site with a maximum ceiling of 5,000 m. It is fully automated in launch, flight and recovery, with an automatic return-to-base in case of mission critical failures. An automated vacuum type catapult launcher is mounted on a Samil 100 truck. No external pilot is required, and the transition from launch mode into pre-programmed flight mode is automatic. It is used by the South African Army artillery for target acquisition and fire control.
# Helene Clarkson

Helene Clarkson is a Canadian actress. She has most notably starred in the 1995 Canadian film, Blood and Donuts, earning a Genie Award nomination. She has also acted in several TV films, as well as in a 1995 episode of The X-Files, named "The Calusari".

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Title of work | Result |
| 1995 | Genie Award | Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role | Blood and Donuts | Nominated |
# Fuentes de Nava

Fuentes de Nava is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 774 inhabitants.