# BBCH-scale (peanut)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for peanut describes the phenological development of peanuts using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of peanuts are:
| Growth stage | Code | Description |
| 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
| 0: Germination | 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
| 0: Germination | 03 | Seed imbibition complete |
| 0: Germination | 05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
| 0: Germination | 07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat |
| 0: Germination | 08 | Hypocotyl reaches the soil surface; hypocotyl arch visible |
| 0: Germination | 09 | Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons arising above soil surface (“cracking stage”) |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded$^1$ |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 11 | First true leaf (pinnate) unfolded$^1$ |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 12 | 2nd true leaf (pinnate) unfolded$^1$ |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 13 | 3rd true leaf (pinnate) unfolded$^1$ |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 1 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 19 | 9 or more true leaves unfolded.1 No side shoots visible$^2$ |
| 2: Formation of side shoots$^3$ | 21 | 1st side shoot visible |
| 2: Formation of side shoots$^3$ | 22 | 2nd side shoot visible |
| 2: Formation of side shoots$^3$ | 23 | 3rd side shoot visible |
| 2: Formation of side shoots$^3$ | 2 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 2: Formation of side shoots$^3$ | 29 | 9 or more side shoots visible |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 31 | Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 32 | 20% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 33 | 30% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 34 | 40% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 35 | 50% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 36 | 60% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 37 | 70% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 38 | 80% of plants meets between rows |
| 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 39 | Crop cover complete: 90% of plants meets between rows |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 51 | First inflorescence buds visible |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 55 | First individual flower buds visible |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 59 | First flower petals visible. Flower buds still closed |
| 6: Flowering | 61 | Beginning of flowering |
| 6: Flowering | 62 | First carpophore pegs visible |
| 6: Flowering | 63 | Continuation of flowering |
| 6: Flowering | 64 | First carpophore pegs visibly elongated |
| 6: Flowering | 65 | Full flowering |
| 6: Flowering | 66 | First carpophore pegs penetrating the soil |
| 6: Flowering | 67 | Flowering declining$^4$ |
| 6: Flowering | 68 | Tip of first carpophore pegs growing horizontally in the soil |
| 6: Flowering | 69 | End of flowering$^4$ |
| 7: Development of fruits and seeds | 71 | Beginning of pod development: tip of first carpophore pegs swollen (at least twice the original diameter) |
| 7: Development of fruits and seeds | 73 | Continuation of pod development: beginning of pod filling: first pods have attained final size and are ripening |
| 7: Development of fruits and seeds | 75 | Main phase of pod development: continuation of pod filling |
| 7: Development of fruits and seeds | 77 | Advanced pod filling |
| 7: Development of fruits and seeds | 79 | Fresh seeds fill the cavity of the pods which have attained their final size |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 81 | Beginning of ripening: about 10% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 82 | About 20% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 83 | Continuation of ripening: about 30% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 84 | About 40% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 85 | Main phase of ripening: about 50% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 86 | About 60% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 87 | Advanced ripening: about 70% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 88 | About 80% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds$^5$ | 89 | Full maturity: nearly all pods developed to final size are ripe |
| 9: Senescence | 91 | About 10% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 92 | About 40% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 93 | About 30% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 94 | About 40% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 95 | About 50% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 96 | About 60% of above ground parts of plant dry |
| 9: Senescence | 97 | Above ground parts of plant dead |
| 9: Senescence | 99 | Harvested product |
1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0) 2 Side shoot development may occur earlier; in this case continue with principal growth stage 2 4 Only for varieties with a determinate flowering period 5 Criteria of maturity: Pericarp hard, with distinct texture, can be split open easily;