OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Comics in education

The use of comics in education is based on the concept of creating engagement and motivation for students.

## Overview

The effectiveness of comics as medium for effective learning and development has been the subject of debate since the origin modern comic book in the 1930s. Sones (1944) notes that comics "evoked more than a hundred critical articles in educational and non-professional periodicals."
The use of comics in education would later attract the attention of Fredric Wertham who noted that the use of comics in education represented "an all-time low in American science."
It has been noted that the use of a narrative form such as a comic "can foster pupils' interest in science" and help students remember what they have learnt and providing a means of fostering discussion. However, it has also been noted that many educators remain "ambivalent" about the use of comic books as an educational tool. Comics have also been used as a medium to communicate health care information on subjects such as diabetes.
In 1978, Pendulum Press published a primer on the value of comics as an educational tool: The Illustrated Format: an Effective Teaching Tool (ISBN 0883013487). In the US, the use of comics for education, using the Internet, can be seen on Comics in the Classroom, and the state of Maryland's Comic Book Initiative. Teacher professional development content on how teachers can integrate comics into the classroom is available through the State of California Department of Education's Brokers of Expertis website.
# Honoris Crux

Honoris Crux may refer to one of five South African military decorations. A set of four classes of Honoris Crux decorations—the Honoris Crux Diamond, Honoris Crux Gold, Honoris Crux Silver and Honoris Crux of 1975—together replaced the discontinued Honoris Crux of 1952.
* Honoris Crux (1952), in use from 1952 to 1975
* Honoris Crux (1975), in use from 1975 to 2003
* Honoris Crux Silver, in use from 1975 to 2003
* Honoris Crux Gold, in use from 1975 to 1992
* Honoris Crux Diamond, in use from 1975 to 2003 (though never awarded)
# Fondouk of French

The fondouk of the French is a caravanserai located in the medina of Tunis in the old franc1 district. It is near Bab El Bhar.

## History

The fondouk was built during the years 1659-1660 under the reign of Hammouda Pasha Bey. This fondouk is inspired by the local civil architecture of the seventeenth century.
The fondouk of the merchants is classified as a historical monument since 1922.
* metal plate with the old street name
* The old Douane street
* plate of the fondouk
* The entrance door of the fondouk
* View of the fondouk
# Apamea alia

Apamea alia is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in eastern and western regions of North America.
The wingspan is about 39 mm. The moth flies from June to August depending on the location.
The larva feeds on various grasses.
# Francisco Rosa Rivera

Francisco Rosa Rivera (19 March 1972 – 16 February 2010) was a Puerto Rican bodybuilder.

## Early years

Francisco Rosa Rivera (not to be confused with Francisco Rivera Rosa, the Puerto Rican painter) was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on 19 March 1972. Rosa Rivera studied acting ("Actuación Dramática") and received a B.S. degree in Business Administration from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. He was a practicing martial arts guru, having achieved a Black Belt in Karate and a First Dan in Tae-Kwon-Do. In 1994, he became a certified personal trainer by the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA).

## Career

He was called the "Trainer of Stars" because people like Ricky Martin, Osvaldo Ríos, Melwin Cedeño, Xavier Torres and Angelique Burgos Vidal («La Burbu») trained with him. After receiving his Personal Trainer certification, he established his own personal training gymnasium in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. During 1998–2000, he also hosted his own TV show named "A fuego, meridiano". He also headed the program Tu mañana, in Univisión Puerto Rico (Channel 11), where he carried two segments, "Francisco en acción" (Mondays) and "Francisco al extremo" (Fridays).

## Family life

He was married to Paola Díaz. They had three children: Mya Paola (b. 2005); Francisco Andrés (b. 2007) and Lya Melisha (b. April 2009). And Adriana Nicole (b. 1998) from a previous marriage to Enid González.

## Later years

During his later years, Rosa Rivera developed a unique bodybuilding program known as FRANCO (from its abbreviation in Spanish "Fuerza, Resistencia, Agilidad, Nutrición, Compromiso y Organización"; English: Strength, Resistance, Agility, Nutrition, Commitment, and Organization). He also campaigned to include supervised physical exercise in the medical programs for senior citizens and obese children and marketed the sporting fashion line that has its name.

## Death

Rosa Rivera died in Caguas on 16 February 2010 a victim of tongue and throat cancer. He had been diagnosed in September 2008.
# Haslam, South Australia

Haslam is a town and a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Eyre Peninsula on the coastline of Streaky Bay about 487 kilometres (303 mi) north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of the municipal seat of Streaky Bay.
Haslam is a common stop off for campers as they make their way across the Nullarbor Plain. The town itself has no major industrial or commercial connections anymore and contains limited resources including a camping ground and the town jetty.

## History

Haslam was established in 1893 as a deep sea port reportedly under the name of Port Carawa to allow the shipping of supplies of machinery and food to the local settlers, as well as providing transport of local products to other parts of the state. When road transport took over in the 1960s, this service died out.
The town was proclaimed on 9 October 1913 and takes its name from William Haslam who served as the north-east representative of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1891 to his death in 1898.
Haslam had a post office (originally a receiving office under the name Port Haslam) from 1913. The area is now served by a community postal agency.
The 430 metres (1,410 ft) long town jetty was originally built in 1912 to allow ships access to the coast. It was reduced in length by half in 1972.
The Haslam Township School opened in 1920, before having its name changed to "Maildaburra" in 1921. A new school was built in 1930, and was renamed "Haslam". The school finally closed on the opening of Miltaburra Area School near Wirrulla in 1983, and now serves as a museum.
On 15 March 1934, the area of the town was extended by proclamation to include a "police reserve".
The locality's boundaries which were created on 12 April 2001 includes the government town of Haslam.

## Governance

Haslam is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Flinders and the local government area of the District Council of Streaky Bay.
# 467th Bombardment Squadron

The 467th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It served during World War II as an Operational Training Unit, and later as a Replacement Training Unit. It was inactivated at Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas in the spring of 1944 in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces support and training units in the United States.

## History

The 467th Bombardment Squadron was activated on 15 July 1942 at Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah as one of the four original squadrons of the 333d Bombardment Group. In August, it began operating as an Operational Training Unit (OTU) for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress units. The OTU program involved the use of an oversized parent unit to provide cadres to "satellite groups" The OTU program was patterned after the unit training system of the Royal Air Force. The parent assumed responsibility for satellite unit training and oversaw their expansion with graduates of Army Air Forces Training Command schools to become effective combat units. Phase I training concentrated on individual training in crewmember specialties. Phase II training emphasized the coordination for the crew to act as a team. The final phase concentrated on operation as a unit. Later that year, the squadron traded its Flying Fortresses for Consolidated B-24 Liberators.
In February 1943, the squadron moved to Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas. However, many of the Army Air Forces' bomber units had been activated. With the exception of special programs, like forming Boeing B-29 Superfortress units, training “fillers” for existing units became more important than unit training. The squadron mission changed to becoming a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). RTUs were also oversized units, but their mission was to train individual pilots or aircrews. It continued this mission through November 1943.
The AAF was finding that standard military units like the 467th, whose manning was based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving not well adapted to the training mission, even more so to the replacement mission. Accordingly, the Army Air Forces adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. The 467th and other training and support units at Dalhart were disbanded or inactivated on 1 April 1944 and replaced by the 232d AAF Base Unit.

### Lineage

* Constituted as the 467th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 9 July 1942
    Activated on 15 July 1942
    Inactivated on 1 April 1944

### Assignments

* 333d Bombardment Group, 15 July 1942 – 1 April 1944

### Stations

* Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah, 15 July 1942
* Topeka Army Air Base, Kansas, c. 21 August 1942
* Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas, 22 February 1943 – 1 April 1944

### Aircraft

* Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942
* Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1942–1943

### Campaign

| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
| | American Theater without inscription | 15 July 1942–1 April 1944 | |
# Eburia cinereopilosa

Eburia cinereopilosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae found on Cuba and in the United States.
# Chris Hutchinson

Chris Hutchinson may refer to:
* Chris Hutchinson (American football), American football defensive tackle
* Chris Hutchinson (poet) (born 1972), Montreal, Canada
# Horst-Dieter Kolletschke

Horst-Dieter Kolletschke (born 29 February 1952) is a retired Konteradmiral (rear admiral) of the German Navy.

## Biography

Born in Eckernförde, from 1972 to 1975 Kolletschke studied electrical engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Kiel, before joining the navy. After finishing his officer training, Kolletschke continued his studies in electrical engineering at the Bundeswehr University Munich from 1976 to 1979, earning a Diplom. Kolletschke then worked as a logistics officer and squadron commander in Naval Air Wing 5 based in Holtenau. He in 1983 returned to the Bundeswehr University Munich to work in military research and development at the Institut für Elektrische Maschinen und Antriebstechnik. While working there he received his Doktoringenieur (engineering doctoral degree) in 1987. From April 2010 to October 2012, Kolletschke served as the last head of the Navy Office, overseeing its integration into the new Navy Command, which he joined in 2012 as the head of operational support. Upon retiring in August 2014 Kolletschke handed over his position to Flottillenadmiral Karl-Wilhelm Ohlms.
# Hairan II

Hairan II was a Palmyrene prince, the son of king Odaenathus and, possibly, his second wife Zenobia.

## Seal RTP 736

The existence of Hairan was established by the discovery of a lead seal (code named RTP 736). The seal bears the images of two priests, one on each side. On one of the sides, the name of Odaenathus' son and successor Vaballathus was engraved under the image as a legend, while the name of Hairan was engraved on the other side. The name of Odaenathus was engraved on both sides. No name of a mother was engraved and the seal is undated.

## King Herodianus and Hairan II

Odaenathus had another son, Hairan I, who appeared in different inscriptions dated from 251 AD onward. On a lead seal, the name of Septimius Herodianus, king of kings, appears; scholars argue whether Septimius Herodianus was Hairan I or II.
The Augustan History mentions that Odaenathus had many sons, including one named Herodes (from an earlier marriage) and another named Herennianus. According to Henri Arnold Seyrig, Hairan II must be identical with Herennianus and he was an older brother of Vaballathus and did not reign. Seyrig distinguishes Hairan I from the Hairan on seal RTP 736. Andreas Alföldi also suggested that Septimius Herodianus is Herennianus; another seal associated with the seal of Septimius Herodianus represented a woman crowned with laurel leaf who, according to Alföldi, can only be Zenobia. Hence, Septimius Herodianus is the son of Zenobia and Odaenathus. In the view of Alföldi, Odaenathus's eldest son, Herodes of the Augustan History, would not have been called King of Kings during his father's lifetime and Septimius Herodianus briefly succeeded his father.
Udo Hartmann argues that Septimius Herodianus is the same as Hairan I and that Herodianus is the Greek version of Hairan and that "Herodes" is a corruption of Hairan. David S. Potter disagrees and believes that Septimius Herodianus is Zenobia's son, identical with Hairan II and different from Hairan I.
# Apollo House

Apollo House may refer to:
* Apollo House (Croydon): London, England
* Apollo House, Dublin; a derelict building in Dublin, Ireland which was occupied by activists and the homeless in December 2016
* Het Apollohuis: Eindhoven, Netherlands
# Hazir Jawab Birbal

Hazir Jawab Birbal is an Indian sitcom television series which premiered on 17 August 2015 on BIG Magic replacing the sitcom Akbar Birbal. The series is produced by Triangle Films Productions. It stars Saurabh Raj Jain as Emperor Akbar and Gaurav Khanna as Birbal in the main lead.

## Plot synopsis

A strong central character, Birbal acts as an agent of change as identified with today’s world, targeting outcomes and transparency in governance issues. He is a strong central character who believes in democratic views and rights. Birbal is also Akbar’s biggest ally, critic, friend and philosopher, who encourages and guides him in his decision making.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Saurabh Raj Jain as Emperor Akbar
* Gaurav Khanna as Birbal
* Rimpi Das as Noor Ji
* Vishavpreet Kaur as Maham Anga
* Shoma Anand as Maham Anga
* Vikas Khoker as Adham Khan (Son of Maham Anga)
* Aishwarya Sakhuja as Fake Jalpari
* Pawan Singh as Ibne
* Sumit Arora as Batuta
* Yashkant Sharma as Raja Darban

### Special appearance

* Anup Soni
* Aman Verma as Mohanlal (Episode 40)
# 4676th Air Defense Group

The 4676th Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force (USAF) organization. Its last assignment was with the 33d Air Division of Air Defense Command (ADC) at Grandview Air Force Base, Missouri, where it was discontinued in 1955. The group was activated at Fairfax Field in 1953 as USAF host for both Fairfax and Grandview. It moved to Grandview when that base was completed and added an operational air defense mission in 1954. It was discontinued in 1955 when ADC replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups that had distinguished records in the two World Wars.

## History

The group was organized by Air Defense Command (ADC) in October 1953 when it replaced the 4610th Air Base Squadron, which had been organized on 23 February 1951, as the USAF host organization at Fairfax Field, Kansas. the 4676th was also the USAF host unit for Grandview Air Force Base, Missouri. The 4676th was assigned two squadrons and a medical unit to carry out its host responsibilities. The group was assigned the 326th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was activated at Fairfax Field in December, flying radar equipped and Mighty Mouse rocket armed North American F-86D Sabre fighter aircraft as its operational component. The 326th's operational mission was air defense of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area and the central Midwest.
The group moved to Grandview Air Force Base on 16 February 1954. At this time military use of Fairfax Field ended. The group was discontinued and replaced by the 328th Fighter Group (Air Defense), which assumed its mission, personnel and equipment at Grandview (later Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base) as part of ADC's Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars.

## Lineage

* Organized as 4676th Air Defense Group on 8 October 1953
    Discontinued on 18 August 1955

### Assignments

* Central Air Defense Force, 8 October 1953 – 1 March 1954
* 33d Air Division, 1 March 1954 – 18 August 1955

### Components

* 326th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 18 December 1953 – 18 August 1955
* 4676th Air Base Squadron, 8 October 1953 – 18 August 1955
* 4676th Materiel Squadron, 8 October 1953 – 18 August 1955
* 4676th USAF Infirmary, 8 October 1953 – 19 April 1954
* 613th USAF Infirmary, 19 April 1954 – 18 August 1955

### Stations

* Fairfax Field, Kansas, 8 October 1953 – 16 February 1954
* Grandview Air Force Base, Missouri, 16 February 1954 – 18 August 1955

### Aircraft

* North American F-86D Sabre, 1953–1955
# Eburia cinerea

Eburia cinerea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae that is endemic to Peru.
# Chris Pope (rugby union)

Christopher Francis Pope (born 30 September 1952) is a former South African rugby union player.

## Playing career

Pope matriculated at Rondebosch Boys' High School in Cape Town and attended the University of Cape Town for a medical degree. He made his provincial debut for Western Province in 1972 against Northern Transvaal at Loftus Versfeld. In 1976, Pope scored the winning try for Western Province during their 12–11 victory over the touring All Blacks.
Pope made his test debut for the Springboks against the 1974 British Lions at Newlands in Cape Town and was the only backline player to play in all four tests during the series against the Lions. At the end of 1974 Pope toured with the Springboks to France without playing in any tests and then played in five more tests, two against France and three against the All Blacks. He also played in four tour matches for the Springboks.

### Test history

| No. | Opponents | Results (RSA 1st) | Position | Tries | Dates | Venue |
| 1. | British Lions | 3–12 | Wing | | 8 June 1974 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 2. | British Lions | 9–28 | Wing | | 22 June 1974 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 3. | British Lions | 9–26 | Wing | | 13 July 1974 | Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth |
| 4. | British Lions | 13–13 | Wing | | 27 July 1974 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
| 5. | France | 38–25 | Wing | 1 | 21 June 1975 | Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |
| 6. | France | 33–18 | Wing | | 28 June 1975 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 7. | New Zealand | 9–15 | Wing | | 14 August 1976 | Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |
| 8. | New Zealand | 15–10 | Wing | | 4 September 1976 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 9. | New Zealand | 15–14 | Wing | | 18 September 1976 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
# Haimbachia mlanjella

Haimbachia mlanjella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1961. It is found in Malawi.
# Commerson's roundleaf bat

Commerson's roundleaf bat (Macronycteris commersoni), also known as Commerson's leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat endemic to Madagascar. It is named after French naturalist Philibert Commerson (1727-1773). Bat populations of Africa or São Tomé and Príncipe formerly considered part of this species are now classified separately as M. gigas, M. thomensis or M. vittata, while one from Madagascar was split off to become M. cryptovalorona. It was formerly placed in the genus Hipposideros, but moved to the resurrected Macronycteris in 2017 on the basis of molecular evidence.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is found in forests of several types on Madagascar, including dry deciduous forest, littoral forest and gallery forest, at elevations from sea level to at least 1350 m. It roosts in caves, on mature trees and in buildings. While its habitat is largely intact forest, it sometimes feeds near or in villages.

## Biology

Commerson's roundleaf bat is a specialized predator of beetles. It exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, with males being larger. Females vary in morphology with latitude. During the winter these bats are either inactive or they migrate to different locations.

## Conservation

Populations are threatened by deforestation and hunting. The bats are particularly vulnerable to hunting as they emerge from roosting sites at dusk. Large harvests of them are apparently taken throughout west Madagascar wherever their roosting sites are in proximity to settlements.
The species is present in a number of national parks and protected forests (Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, Isalo National Park, Ankarafantsika National Park, Namoroka National Park, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Ankarana Reserve, Analamerana Reserve, Amber Mountain National Park and Kirindy Mitea National Park).
Hunting in west Madagascar is thought to have caused in a 20-25% population decline in that region over 15 years. However, the species is widespread across the island and appears to tolerate a degree of habitat degradation. The IUCN thus classifies it as a "near threatened" species.
# Food challenge

Food challenges, such as the gallon challenge or the saltine cracker challenge, are specific challenges or competitions involving food. Milk chugging is a popular competitive eating challenge on college campuses, and was promoted by MTV's Jackass in the early 2000s via their various food skits. Some challenges involve eating foods that may be considered disgusting by those taking the challenge.
With the rise of the Internet, Internet phenomena have increasingly spread through chain emails, YouTube, and social media, encouraging people to "challenge" their friends by spreading the message to others, as well as creating viral Internet memes.
Some "challenges" on the internet can seriously harm participants. The cinnamon challenge, a dare to attempt to eat a specified amount of ground cinnamon within a minute, has a strong risk of people gagging on cinnamon inhaled into the lungs. In July 2015, a four-year-old boy died of asphyxiation after accidentally inhaling some cinnamon.