# Ercole amante

Ercole amante (Hercules in Love, French: Hercule amoureux) is an opera in a prologue and five acts by Francesco Cavalli. Its Italian libretto is by Francesco Buti, based on Sophocles' The Trachiniae and on the ninth book of Ovid's Metamorphoses. The first performance took place on 7 February 1662 in the Salle des Machines of the Tuileries in Paris.

## Background

Cardinal Mazarin commissioned the opera to celebrate the June 1660 wedding of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain, but preparations for the staging were on a grand scale and caused a twenty-month delay, irritating the composer. Worse for him, eighteen ballet entrées and intermèdes by Isaac de Benserade with music Jean-Baptiste Lully were inserted, mostly at the ends of Cavalli's acts, to cater to French taste. These were not merely diversions but also served to further the plot, and in the event they met with greater approval from the audience than Ercole amante itself, helping boost Lully's position at the French court.

## Performance history

After its premiere the opera was given another seven times: 14 and 18 February; 18, 22, 25, and 29 April; and 6 May. The theatre was built specifically to present the opera, and if the construction costs of the theatre are included, it was the most expensive of the French court's theatrical productions mounted up to that point.

## Roles

Roles, voice type, premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 7 February 1662 |
| Cinzia, prologue | soprano castrato | Giuseppe Meloni |
| Ercole | bass | Vincenzo Piccini |
| Deianira, Ercole's wife | soprano | Leonora Ballarini |
| Hyllo, son of Ercole | tenor | Giuseppe Agostino Poncelli |
| Iole | soprano | Anna Bergerotti |
| La bellezza | soprano | Anne de La Barre |
| Giunone | soprano castrato (en travesti) | Antonio Rivani |
| Mercurio | tenor | Signor Tagliavacca |
| Nettuno | bass | Paolo Bordigone |
| Venere | soprano | Hylaire Dupuis |
| Tevere | bass | Signor Beauchamps |
| Shade of Eutyro | bass | Paolo Bordigone |
| Licco | contralto castrato | Giuseppe Chiarini |
| Shade of King Laomedonte | tenor | Signor Vulpio |
| Shade of Bussiride | contralto castrato | Signor Zanetto |
| Shade of Queen Clerica | soprano | Anne de La Barre |
| Pasithea | soprano | Signora Bordoni |
| Sonno | silent actor | |
| Paggio | soprano | |

## Recordings
### Audio

* 1980: Yvonne Minton (Giunone), Felicity Palmer (Jole), Patricia Miller (Dejanira), Colette Alliot-Lugaz (Venere, Bellezza), Ulrik Cold (Ercole), Keith Lewis (Hyllo), Richard Cassinelli (Licco), John Tomlinson (Tevere, Nettuno) with the English Bach Festival Chorus & Baroque Orchestra, conducted by Michel Corboz. Audio CD: Erato

### Video

* 2009: Luca Pisaroni (Ercole), Veronica Cangemi (Iole), Anna Bonitatibus (Giunone), Jeremy Ovenden (Hyllo), Anna Maria Panzarella (Deianira), Marlin Miller (Licco), Umberto Chiummo (Nettuno, Tevere, Spirit of Eutyro) with the Concerto Köln and the Chorus of De Nederlandse Opera, conducted by Ivor Bolton. Recorded live, Het Musiektheater, Amsterdam, 15 & 20 January 2009; stage director: David Alden. The performance includes several of the ballet entrées composed by Lully; choreographer: Jonathan Lunn. Blu-ray: Opus Arte.
* 2019: Nahuel di Pierro (Ercole), Francesca Aspromonte (Iole), Anna Bonitatibus (Giunone), Krystian Adam (Hyllo), Giuseppina Bridelli (Deianira), Dominique Vissi (Licco), Eugène Lefebvre (Pasitea, Clerica), Giulia Semenzato (Venere, Bellezza, Cinzia), Luca Tittoto (Nettuno, Eutyro) with the ensemble Pygmalion, conducted by Raphaël Pichon. Recorded live, Opéra-Comique, Paris, 6 and 8 November 2019; stage directors: Valérie Lesort, Christian Hecq. Blu-ray: Naxos.