OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dioxycanus fusca

Dioxycanus fusca is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1914 as Porina fusca using specimens collected by C. Fenwick and M. O. Pasco. In 1966 L. J. Dumbleton reviewed New Zealand Hepialinae and placed this species within the genus Dioxycanus, giving it the new combination Dioxycanus fuscus.
The wingspan is 26–33 mm for males and about 38 mm for females. Adults are on wing from December to February. This species can be found in the South Island in western Southland and Otago up to approximately 900 meters. D. fusca can be distinguished from D. oreas by its dark antennae.
Larvae have been found amongst short Poa tussocks, living in shafts in the soil.
# Chionodes dammersi

Chionodes dammersi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California and Arizona.
The larvae feed on Eriogonum elongatum, Eriogonum inflatum, Eriogonum abrorescens, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Eriogonum grande, Eriogonum latifolium and Eriogonum parvifolium.
# Chionodes davisi

Chionodes davisi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and western Texas.
# Chitling Test

The Chitling Test (originally named the Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test) was created by Adrian Dove, State Employment Officer at the Watts State Employment Service office in Watts, California (1966). Published in Jet magazine on February 9, 1967, it was designed to demonstrate differences in understanding and culture between races, specifically between African Americans and Whites.
There have been no studies demonstrating whether the Chitling Test has validity in determining how streetwise someone is. Furthermore, the Chitling Test has only proved valid as far as face validity is concerned; no evidence has been brought to light on the Chitling predicting performance.

## History

There has been and there continues to be much debate on the issue of race and intelligence. The reason for the development of the Chitling Test was to show that blacks and whites are fundamentally opposed in their manner of speech. Some believe that many modern day tests are racially unfair and play to the advantage of the middle class, white population. The Chitling Test showed that black vernacular and culture are different and that blacks, on average, scored higher on this test.

## Sample of questions

What follows are two examples from Adrian Dove's 1971 short version of the Chitling Test:
A "gas head" is a person who has a: (a) fast-moving car, (b) stable of "lace," (c) "process," (d) habit of stealing cars, (e) long jail record for arson.
Cheap chitlings (not the kind you purchase at a frozen food counter) will taste rubbery unless they are cooked long enough. How soon can you quit cooking them to eat and enjoy them? (a) 45 minutes, (b) 2 hours, (c) 24 hours, (d) 1 week (on a low flame), (e) 1 hour.
# Chinese Taipei national ice hockey team

Chinese Taipei national ice hockey team may refer to:
* Chinese Taipei men's national ice hockey team
* Chinese Taipei men's national junior ice hockey team
* Chinese Taipei men's national under-18 ice hockey team
* Chinese Taipei women's national ice hockey team
# Chinatown, Windsor

Windsor's West Side neighbourhood is home to a Chinatown. As of 2012 it is the largest Chinatown in proximity to Detroit, Michigan.
The Chinatown started in 1961 with 500 Chinese to over 5,000 by 1981. The difference with Ottawa's Chinatown is that many of the Chinese residents are students studying at the University of Windsor. By 1982, an "official" establishment was made by the Essex County Chinese Canadian Association and the Chinese Benevolent Association of Windsor by establishing a "permanent" community centre on Wyandotte Street. According to another source, "... at first, the Chinese lived on the lower east side of Windsor in proximity to Riverside Drive East. This area became a redevelopment area. A new Chinatown developed around Park Street West and Dougall Road, between University Avenue in the North and Wyandotte in the South."
# Choden

Choden is a Tibetan and Bhutanese name that may refer to
* Phuntsho Choden (1911–2003), late Queen Grandmother of Bhutan
* Kesang Choden (born 1930), Queen Grandmother of Bhutan
* Sangay Choden (born 1963), Queen Mother of Bhutan
* Kesang Choden (born 1982), Princess of Bhutan
* Euphelma Choden (born 1993), Princess of Bhutan
* Dorji Choden (born 1960), Bhutanese politician
* Khendum Choden, Bhutanese poet and author
* Kunzang Choden (born 1952), Bhutanese writer
* Kunzang Choden (born 1984), Bhutanese sports shooter
* Kyabje Choden Rinpoche (1931–2015), Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Master and Scholar
* Tshering Choden (born 1979), Bhutanese archer
* Tashi Choden (born 1998 or 1999), Bhutanese-Tibetan pageant titleholder
# Chiton politus

Chiton politus, the tulip chiton, is a medium-sized polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Chitonidae, found on the coast of southern Africa.

## Description

The species can display a variety of shell patterns consisting of brown patches and zigzags on smooth pink valves. The central section of each valve often has a striped pattern. The girdle is covered with smooth, overlapping scales and also striped. Average adult length is 30–40 mm.

## Distribution and habitat

C. politus occurs along the south coast of Africa, from Cape Columbine in Namibia to the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It is quite common and can usually be found as solitary individuals under rocks near the low tide mark. The original description by Lorenz Spengler recorded it at the Cape of Good Hope.
# David Mann (actor)

David Anthony Mann Sr. (born August 7, 1966) is an American actor and gospel singer who has starred in many Tyler Perry plays, including I Can Do Bad All By Myself, Madea's Family Reunion, Madea's Class Reunion, Meet the Browns, and What's Done in the Dark. His character Mr. Brown is the father of Madea's daughter Cora (played by his real life wife, Tamela Mann). Mann also reprised his role as the character in the films Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns, Tyler Perry's Madea Goes to Jail, Madea's Big Happy Family, and A Madea Homecoming.
Mann was born in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. He has been married to Tamela Mann since 1988; they were both previous members of Kirk Franklin's vocal ensemble "The Family" before working with Tyler Perry. In 2018, he and Tamela recorded a romantic soul album together called Us Against the World.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2008 | Meet the Browns | Leroy Brown | |
| 2009 | Madea Goes to Jail | Leroy Brown | |
| 2011 | Madea's Big Happy Family | Leroy Brown | |
| 2013 | The Ultimate Life | Hobo Joe | |
| 2014 | First Impression | Pastor Johnson | |
| 2018 | Merry Wish-Mas | Jessie Jenkins | Also producer |
| 2021 | Soul Santa | Nicky | Also executive producer |
| 2022 | A Madea Homecoming | Leroy Brown | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007-2008 | Tyler Perry's House of Payne | Leroy Brown | Recurring role, 5 episodes |
| 2009-2011 | Meet the Browns | Leroy Brown | Series regular, 140 episodes NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series (2011) |
| 2013 | In the Meantime | Frankie | Television film |
| 2015-2017 | Mann & Wife | Daniel Mann | Series regular, 30 episodes, also executive producer |
| 2015-2016 | It's a Mann's World | Himself | Reality series, 20 episodes |
| 2017 | The Manns | Himself | Reality series, 10 episodes |
| 2019-2021 | The VeggieTales Show | Mr. Nezzer | Voice, 13 episodes role shared with Phil Vischer |
| 2020–present | Tyler Perry's Assisted Living | Leroy Brown | Series regular |

## Discography

* Mr. Brown's Good Ol' Time Church (2007)
* The Master Plan: Special Edition (with wife, Tamela Mann) (2010)
* Us Against The World: The Love Project (2018)
# 0Q

0Q (zero Q) or 0-Q may refer to:
* 0Q, or 0 quarterback rating; see List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero
* 0Q, or Zero Q, dynamic pressure where air density becomes zero; see Max Q
* Q\{0} a group of rational numbers without zero; see Glossary of group theory
# 1188 (disambiguation)

1188 is a year. 1188 may also refer to:
* 1188 AM
* 1188 Gothlandia, an asteroid
* Kosmos 1188, a satellite
* Louisiana Highway 1188
* Farm to Market Road 1188, a road in Texas
# 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, EDAC or EDCI) is a water-soluble carbodiimide usually handled as the hydrochloride.
It is typically employed in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. It is generally used as a carboxyl activating agent for the coupling of primary amines to yield amide bonds. While other carbodiimides like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) are also employed for this purpose, EDC has the advantage that the urea byproduct formed (often challenging to remove in the case of DCC or DIC) can be washed away from the amide product using dilute acid. Additionally, EDC can also be used to activate phosphate groups in order to form phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. Common uses for this carbodiimide include peptide synthesis, protein crosslinking to nucleic acids, but also in the preparation of immunoconjugates. EDC is often used in combination with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for the immobilisation of large biomolecules. Recent work has also used EDC to assess the structure state of uracil nucleobases in RNA.

## Preparation

EDC is commercially available. It may be prepared by coupling ethyl isocyanate to N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine to give a urea, followed by a dehydration reaction mediated by TsCl and TEA:

## Mechanism

EDC couples primary amines, and other nucleophiles, to carboxylic acids by creating an activated ester leaving group. First, the carbonyl of the acid attacks the carbodiimide of EDC, and there is a subsequent proton transfer. The primary amine then attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid which forms a tetrahedral intermediate before collapsing and discharging the urea byproduct. The desired amide is obtained.

## Safety

In vivo dermal sensitization studies according to OECD 429 confirmed EDC is a strong skin sensitizer, showing a response at <0.01 wt% in the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) placing it in Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Dermal Sensitization Category 1A. Thermal hazard analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows EDC poses minimal explosion risks.
# 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [EMIM]Cl is an ionic liquid that can be used in cellulose processing. The cation consists of a five-membered ring with two nitrogen and three carbon atoms, i.e. a derivative of imidazole, with ethyl and methyl groups substituted at the two nitrogen atoms. Its melting point is 77–79 °C.
# 2022 Giro dell'Emilia

The 2022 Giro dell'Emilia was the 105th edition of the Giro dell'Emilia road cycling one day race in the titular region of central Italy. It was held on 1 October 2022 as part of the 2022 UCI ProSeries.

## Teams

16 of the 19 UCI WorldTeams and six UCI ProTeams, and four UCI Continental teams made up the 25 teams that participated in the race.
UCI WorldTeams
* AG2R Citroën Team
* Astana Qazaqstan Team
* Bora–Hansgrohe
* Cofidis
* EF Education–EasyPost
* Groupama–FDJ
* Ineos Grenadiers
* Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux
* Israel–Premier Tech
* Lotto–Soudal
* Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl Team
* Movistar Team
* Team BikeExchange–Jayco
* Team Jumbo–Visma
* Trek–Segafredo
* UAE Team Emirates
UCI ProTeams
* Alpecin–Deceuninck
* Arkéa–Samsic
* Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè
* Bingoal Pauwels Sauces WB
* Caja Rural–Seguros RGA
* Drone Hopper–Androni Giocattoli
* Eolo–Kometa
* Equipo Kern Pharma
* Team TotalEnergies

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Enric Mas (ESP) | Movistar Team | 4h 55' 31" |
| 2 | Tadej Pogačar (SLO) | UAE Team Emirates | + 11" |
| 3 | Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA) | Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux | + 14" |
| 4 | Alejandro Valverde (ESP) | Movistar Team | + 26" |
| 5 | Rigoberto Urán (COL) | EF Education–EasyPost | + 31" |
| 6 | Lorenzo Fortunato (ITA) | Eolo–Kometa | + 37" |
| 7 | Rubén Fernández (ESP) | Cofidis | + 46" |
| 8 | Rudy Molard (FRA) | Groupama–FDJ | + 53" |
| 9 | Davide Formolo (ITA) | UAE Team Emirates | + 1' 12" |
| 10 | Michael Storer (AUS) | Groupama–FDJ | + 1' 13" |
# Ascentis

Ascentis is a national qualification-awarding body based in Lancaster in the North West of England. It was formerly called the Open College of the North West, or OCNW.
Formed in 1975 as a partnership between Lancaster University and Nelson and Colne College, the Open College of the North West was developed to accredit courses of learning aimed at adult returners to education with the aim of helping them progress to university education. The success of these early programmes quickly led to other colleges and universities becoming involved and the idea being replicated across the country by other regional 'Open Colleges'. These early courses have now developed into the QAA-approved Access to HE Diploma, which most universities accept as an alternative to GCSEs and A Levels for adult applicants.
With the introduction of the Learning and Skills Act of 2000 funding for adult education changed, and some of OCNW's qualifications became ineligible for continued public funding. All awarding bodies requesting access to public funds were required to gain approval from the QCA (now Ofqual): OCNW obtained this approval in 2001, but, unusually, retained its status as a QAA Access Validating Agency as well. A full list of Ascentis's Ofqual approved qualifications can be found on the official list of approved qualifications, i.e. the National Database of Accredited Qualifications (NDAQ).
OCNW was the only Open College to become a National Awarding Body; the other regional Open Colleges formed and joined the National Open College Network (NOCN). OCNW has always remained outside NOCN and has no official relationship with it.
Ascentis awards two main types of qualification at a range of levels:
* Ofqual Approved Qualifications (including areas such as Teacher Training, Skills for Life, Functional Skills, Vocational qualifications, Foundation Learning, ESOL including ESOL International, etc.).
* QAA Access to Higher Education, along eight pathways (including Education Professions, Vocational Science, Health and Social Care Professions, etc.).
Ascentis is now accrediting learners in the UK and around the world, and is a recognised education charity, supporting over 200,000 learners each year to climb the 'qualifications ladder' and achieve their lifelong aspirations.
On 1 August 2009 OCNW changed its name to Ascentis to reflect the fact that it was now a national and international awarding body and in order to reduce confusion with NOCN members.
# Ascerodes prochlora

Ascerodes prochlora is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Zealand.
The larvae feed on Aciphylla species and Senecio lyalli. They bore into the rootstock of their host plant.
# As-Salam al-Amiri (Kuwait)

"Al Salām al-amīrī" (Arabic: السلام الأميري, transl. Amiri Salute) was the first national anthem of Kuwait, written in 1951. Its usage was discontinued in 1978. The style is very typical of the "Arab fanfare" as a style in use in the area at that time., and was composed by Yusuf Adees.
# Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse

The ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventer) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
# Ashworth Moor Reservoir

Ashworth Moor Reservoir is an upland water supply reservoir amongst the Pennines in Greater Manchester, England close to the A680 road between Rochdale and Edenfield. It is south of Scout Moor Wind Farm.
* This Greater Manchester location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to a lake in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (commonly called Sanger's reagent, dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB or FDNB) is a chemical that reacts with the N-terminal amino acid of polypeptides. This can be helpful for sequencing proteins.

## Preparation

In 1936, Gottlieb presented a synthesis in which 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reacted with potassium fluoride (KF) in nitrobenzene:

## Uses

In 1945, Frederick Sanger described its use for determining the N-terminal amino acid in polypeptide chains, in particular insulin. Sanger's initial results suggested that insulin was a smaller molecule than previously estimated (molecular weight 12,000), and that it consisted of four chains (two ending in glycine and two ending in phenylalanine), with the chains cross-linked by disulfide bonds. Sanger continued work on insulin, using dinitrofluorobenzene in combination with other techniques, eventually resulted in the complete sequence of insulin (consisting of only two chains, with a molecular weight of 6,000).
Following Sanger's initial report of the reagent, the dinitrofluorobenzene method was widely adopted for studying proteins, until it was superseded by other reagents for terminal analysis (e.g., dansyl chloride and later aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases) and other general methods for sequence determination (e.g., Edman degradation).
Dinitrofluorobenzene reacts with the amine group in amino acids to produce dinitrophenyl-amino acids. These DNP-amino acids are moderately stable under acid hydrolysis conditions that break peptide bonds. The DNP-amino acids can then be recovered, and the identity of those amino acids can be discovered through chromatography. More recently, Sanger's reagent has also been used for the rather difficult analysis of distinguishing between the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione and cysteine in biological systems in conjunction with HPLC. This method is robust enough that it can be performed in such complex matrices as blood or cell lysate.
# 10656 Albrecht

10656 Albrecht (prov. designation: 2213 T-1) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) in diameter. It was named after German astronomer Carl Theodor Albrecht.

## Discovery

Albrecht was discovered on 25 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory, California. The first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1953, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 18 years prior to its discovery.
The special designation T-1 stands for the first Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio of astronomers are credited with the discovery of 4,620 minor planets.

## Classification and orbit

The dark C-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,066 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,070 days). Its orbit is tilted by 9° to the plane of the ecliptic and shows an eccentricity of 0.09.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of German astronomer Carl Theodor Albrecht (1843–1915), who was instrumental in establishing the International Latitude Service (ILS) in 1899. The ILS was located at the Prussian Geodetic Institute in Berlin. Albrecht was also the first director of the ILS. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 November 2002 (M.P.C. 47167).

## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period

A rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations made at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in October 2013. The lightcurve gave a rotation period of 14.4899±0.0684 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.35 in magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 7.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.32, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a larger diameter of 12.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.19.
# 101st Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)

The 101st Technical & Administrative Services Group, known officially as Bagani Group, is one of five TAS units of the 1st Technical and Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve) of the AFP Reserve Command, and is based in Quezon City.
The AOR of the 101st TAS Group covers the entirety of Mandaluyong, Pasig, Pateros, San Juan and Taguig. It is primarily tasked to support maneuver units of the AFP Reserve Force operating within these areas.

## Mission

* Base for expansion of the Regular Force in the event of war, invasion or rebellion within its AOP.
* Assist the Government in Relief and Rescue Operations in the event of Calamities or Disasters.
* Assist the Government in Socio-economic development and environmental concerns.
* Assist in the operation & maintenance of essential government and private utilities (e.g. power, telecommunications, water).

## The Commissioned Officer Corps

Officers of the 101TASG, AFPRESCOM are directly commissioned through AFP Circular Nr. 4 and 6 and may come from any of the following professions:
* Lawyers and Paralegal Specialists (Judge Advocate General Service)
* Medical Doctors (Medical Corps)
* Nurses (Nurse Corps)
* Dentists (Dental Service)
* Veterinarians (Veterinary Corps)
* Licensed Teachers (Corps of Professors)
* Allied Medical, Business, and Mass Communication Specialists (Medical Administrative Corps)
* Licensed Engineers (Corps of Engineers)
* Ordained Chaplains (Chaplain Service)
# 13th Central Committee

13th Central Committee may refer to:
* Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), 1924–1925
* 13th Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, 1986–1990
* 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, 1987–1992
* 13th Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, 1984–1989
* 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, 2021–2026
* Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, 1986–1990