OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dahlberg (surname)

Dahlberg is a locational or ornamental Swedish surname based on the location where the original name's bearers lived. Translated directly from Swedish to English, Dal means "Valley" and berg means "Mountain". Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Dahlberg (born 1993), American YouTuber
* Anton Dahlberg (born 1985), Swedish sailor
* Arthur C. Dahlberg (1896–1964), American dairy scientist
* Edward Dahlberg (1900–1977), American novelist and essayist
* Edwin T. Dahlberg (1892–1986), American peace maker and church leader
* Erik Dahlbergh (1625–1703), Swedish count, engineer, soldier, and field marshal
** Erik Dahlberg Secondary School
* Gotthard A. Dahlberg (1884–1948), American politician
* Gregory R. Dahlberg (born 1951), American Secretary of the Army
* Gunhild Dahlberg (born 1975), Norwegian television presenter, journalist, and author
* Gunnar Dahlberg (1893–1956), Swedish physician, eugenist and geneticist
* Ingetraut Dahlberg (1927–2017), German information scientist and philosopher
* Ingrid Dahlberg (born 1941), Swedish Theater Manager and President of Dramaten (Swedish Royal Dramatic Theatre)
* Heléne Dahlberg (born 1971), Swedish biathlete
* Hjalmar Dahlberg (1886–1962), Swedish runner
* James Dahlberg, American scientist
* Johan Dahlberg (born 1987), Swedish ice hockey player
* Jonas Dahlberg (born 1970), Swedish artist
* Kenneth C. Dahlberg, American engineer and corporate executive
* Kenneth H. Dahlberg (1917–2011), American businessman and World War II fighter ace
* Linda Dahlberg, American public health researcher
* Mae Dahlberg (1888–1969), Australian music hall and vaudeville performer
* Mikael Dahlberg (born 1985), Swedish soccer player
* Nathan Dahlberg (born 1964), New Zealand professional cyclist
* Nicklas Dahlberg (born 1985), Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender
* Olle Dahlberg (1928–1997), Swedish speed skater who competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics
* Ragnar Dahlberg (born 1943), Swedish television presenter and producer
* Sandra Dahlberg (born 1979), Swedish singer
* Teresa Abi-Nader Dahlberg, American academic administrator and engineering professor
* Theodor Dahlberg (1884–1963), Swedish wrestler
* Tove Dahlberg (born 1973), Swedish singer
* Wesley P. Dahlberg (born 1917), American automobile designer
# Cadlinella subornatissima

Cadlinella subornatissima is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Japan. It has been found in South Korea and the Marshall Islands.

## Description

Cadlinella subornatissima is similar to the common species Cadlinella ornatissima but has taller tubercles which are entirely white, not tipped with pink.
# Alfred W. Craven

Alfred Wingate Craven (20 October 1810 – 27 March 1879) was a chief engineer of the Croton Aqueduct Department, was a founding member—and host of its initial meeting—of the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects, which later became the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).

## Biography

He was born on 20 October 1810 in Washington, D.C. at the Washington Navy Yard, where his father and maternal grandfather were assigned by the United States Navy. His father was reassigned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire in 1813, where Alfred studied at the Phillips Exeter Academy, the Berwick Academy and then the American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy from 1824 until September 1825. He graduated from Columbia University with an A.B. degree in 1829, studied law and then civil engineering.
In 1837 he was associated with General George S. Greene on professional work near Charleston and elsewhere. He was a railroad engineer and manager, and rapidly rose to the first rank in his profession.
Craven became engineer commissioner to the Croton Water Board of New York on its organization in 1849, and continued in that capacity until 1868. Among the many works projected and carried out during these years under his supervision were the building of the large reservoir in Central Park, the enlargement of pipes across High Bridge, and the construction of the reservoir in Boyd's Corners, Putnam County. He also caused to be made an accurate survey of Croton River valley, with a view of ascertaining its capacity for furnishing an adequate water supply, and was largely instrumental in securing the passage of the first law establishing a general sewerage system for New York City.
Later he was associated with Allan Campbell as a commissioner in the work of building the underground railway extending along 4th Avenue from the Grand Central Depot to Harlem River.
He was one of the original members of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a director for many years, and its president from November 1869, until November 1871.
He died on 27 March 1879 in Chiswick, England and was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York on 15 April 1879.

## Family

Two of his brothers were noted naval officers: Thomas Tingey Craven and Tunis Craven. Thomas Tingey Craven's son Alfred Craven (16 September 1846 – 30 September 1926), also an engineer, graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1867 and worked on design for the New York City Subway. Another relative is John Craven, the former Chief Scientist of Polaris and the Special Projects Office.
# Büyüksütlüce, Ardahan

Büyüksütlüce is a village in the Ardahan District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 195 (2021). The village is populated by Karapapakhs.
# Charles Anderson (cricketer)

Charles Stewart Anderson (29 December 1881 – 1 March 1943) was an Irish cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and bowled both right-arm medium-pace and off-breaks. He played just once for Ireland, a first-class match against Oxford University in 1926. He had little success in the match, as he was dismissed without scoring and bowled 13 overs without taking a wicket.
# Herbert J. Leder

Herbert J. Leder (1922–1983) was a film professor at Jersey City State College's Media Arts Department.
His accomplishments were numerous in the world of film and movies. He produced the Captain Video Show, Loretta Young Show, Meet the Press, and wrote scripts for New York TV soap operas. He made a number of films such as Fiend Without a Face (1958), Pretty Boy Floyd (1960), Nine Miles to Noon (1963), The Frozen Dead (1966), It! (1967), and The Candy Man (1969). He taught Cinematography and Film Theory at Jersey City State College (now New Jersey City University).
# 2012 Supercopa Argentina

The 2012 Supercopa Argentina Final was the 1st edition of the Supercopa, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Argentine Primera División and Copa Argentina competitions.
The match was held in the Estadio Bicentenario of Catamarca, where Arsenal de Sarandí beat Boca Juniors via penalty shoot-out, winning their first Supercopa title.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Qualification | Previous app. |
| Arsenal | 2012 Torneo Clausura champion | None |
| Boca Juniors | 2011–12 Copa Argentina champion | None |

## Match details

| Boca Juniors | Arsenal |
Oscar Ustari :
| RB | 4 | Franco Sosa | 69' |
| CB | 2 | Rolando Schiavi (c) | |
| CB | 20 | Guillermo Burdisso |
| LB | 13 | Emiliano Albín | 79' |
| DM | 18 | Leandro Somoza | 64' |
| LMF | 11 | Walter Erviti |
| RMF | 30 | Guillermo Fernández |
| AM | 32 | Leandro Paredes |
| SS | 7 | Lautaro Acosta |
| CF | 19 | Santiago Silva |
| Substitutes: ||||
| GK | 1 | Agustín Orión |
| DF | 2 | Matías Caruzzo | 79' |
| MF | 22 | Cristian Erbes | 64' |
| MF | 15 | Nicolás Colazo | 69' |
| MF | 21 | Cristian Chávez |
| FW | 17 | Nicolás Blandi |
| FW | 9 | Lucas Viatri |
| Manager: ||||
| Julio César Falcioni ||||
| RB | 24 | Hugo Nervo |
| CB | 2 | Lisandro López |
| CB | 6 | Diego Braghieri |
| LB | 15 | Damián Pérez | |
| DM | 5 | Jorge Ortiz (c) |
| DM | 23 | Iván Marcone |
| LMF | 19 | Nicolás Aguirre | 90+1' |
| RMF | 10 | Carlos Carbonero | |
| CF | 11 | Emilio Zelaya |
| CF | 9 | Gustavo Canales |
| Substitutes: ||||
| GK | 1 | Emiliano Olivero |
| DF | 4 | Danilo Gerlo |
| DF | 27 | Eduardo Casais |
| MF | 20 | Gastón Esmerado |
| FW | 7 | Juan Pablo Caffa | 90+1' |
| FW | 21 | Pablo Lugüercio |
| FW | 29 | Milton Céliz | |
| Manager: ||||
| Gustavo Alfaro ||||
| Match officials Assistant referees: Francisco Noguera Gustavo Rossi Fourth official: Alejandro Toia | Match rules 90 minutes. Penalty shoot-out if scores still level. Seven named substitutes Maximum of 3 substitutions. |
* 2012 Supercopa Argentina winners
* Arsenal 1st Title
# Farr's laws

Farr's law is a law formulated by Dr. William Farr when he made the observation that epidemic events rise and fall in a roughly symmetrical pattern. The time-evolution behavior could be captured by a single mathematical formula that could be approximated by a bell-shaped curve.

## Background

In 1840, Farr submitted a letter to the Annual Report of the Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages in England. In that letter, he applied mathematics to the records of deaths during a recent smallpox epidemic, proposing that:
   "If the latent cause of epidemics cannot be discovered, the mode in which it operates may be investigated. The laws of its action may be determined by observation, as well as the circumstances in which epidemics arise, or by which they may be controlled."
He showed that during the smallpox epidemic, a plot of the number of deaths per quarter followed a roughly bell-shaped or "normal curve", and that recent epidemics of other diseases had followed a similar pattern.
# Cadlinidae

Cadlinidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.
Molecular phylogenetic studies and their taxon-sampling schemes can have a strong influence of the resulting phylogeny. Research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. She also included the genus Aldisa Bergh, 1878 in the family Cadlinidae.

## Taxonomy

Genera within the family Cadlinidae include:
* Aldisa Bergh, 1878
* Cadlina Bergh, 1878 - synonyms: Acanthochila Mörch, 1868; Echinochila Mörch, 1869; Inuda Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1967; Juanella Odhner, 1921
# Euryplatea nanaknihali

Euryplatea nanaknihali is the world's smallest fly, measuring 0.4 millimetres (0.016 in) in size.
Due to its small size, the viscosity of air is problematic for the insect, and even the smallest air currents are a large impediment. Scientists expressed amazement that such a tiny animal could still have all the organs of a normal insect.
They are believed to lay their eggs in the heads of small Crematogaster ants. The larva consumes the interior of the ant's head, within whose exoskeleton it pupates, before emerging as an adult.
The species has been found in a number of national parks in Thailand. It is named after Nanak Nihal Weiss, a boy interested in insects who frequented the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County with his father.
# Bénonces

Bénonces (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

## Geography
### Climate

Bénonces has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) closely bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb). The average annual temperature in Bénonces is 8.2 °C (46.8 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,723.5 mm (67.85 in) with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 17.0 °C (62.6 °F), and lowest in January, at around 0.0 °C (32.0 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Bénonces was 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −24.4 °C (−11.9 °F) on 9 January 1985.
Climate data for Bénonces (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1976−2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 17.5 (63.5) | 21.0 (69.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 34.5 (94.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.1 (68.2) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 7.5 (45.5) | 4.1 (39.4) | 12.7 (54.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 7.2 (45.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.9 (55.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 3.9 (39.0) | 0.7 (33.3) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −3.6 (25.5) | −0.7 (30.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 11.6 (52.9) | 8.1 (46.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 0.4 (32.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 3.7 (38.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.4 (−11.9) | −21.5 (−6.7) | −17.0 (1.4) | −9.1 (15.6) | −3.0 (26.6) | −0.5 (31.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.4 (34.5) | −1.3 (29.7) | −9.0 (15.8) | −13.0 (8.6) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −24.4 (−11.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 158.0 (6.22) | 122.1 (4.81) | 129.6 (5.10) | 126.7 (4.99) | 157.5 (6.20) | 120.5 (4.74) | 112.1 (4.41) | 112.1 (4.41) | 144.8 (5.70) | 176.9 (6.96) | 185.6 (7.31) | 177.6 (6.99) | 1,723.5 (67.85) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.2 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 137.8 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||
# Anachloris subochraria

Anachloris subochraria (also known as Australian yellow or willowherb yellow) is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in New Zealand and the southern half of Australia including Tasmania and from Queensland across to Western Australia. This moth is day flying and can be found in New Zealand on the wing between November and April.
A. subochraria was first described by Edward Doubleday in 1843.
The wingspan is about 30 mm.
The larvae feed on Hibbertia species. In New Zealand the larvae have been observed feeding on the naturalised weed, ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris).
# Henry Brett (MP for Gloucester)

Henry Brett (c. 1587 – 31 March 1674) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War.
Brett was the son of James Brett of Leicester. He became an official under the Lord Chancellor.
In April 1640, Brett was elected Member of Parliament for Gloucester in the Short Parliament. In November 1640 he was re-elected MP for Gloucester in the Long Parliament and held the seat until he was disabled in February 1644. Brett joined the Royalist side and sat in the King's assembly in Oxford. He signed the loyal letter to Lord Essex for peace at Oxford on 27 January 1645. On 7 August 1646 he begged to "compound on the Oxford Articles for delinquency" and paid a fine of around £874.
Brett was appointed alderman of Gloucester on 16 May 1672. He died at the age of 87.
Brett married Margaret Rudd, widow of Anthony Rudd and daughter of Alderman Thomas Seames of Gloucester. His brother Arthur Brett was a gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King James I. His grandson Henry Brett of Sandywell Park was MP for Bishops Castle.
# 2012 Supercopa de España de Baloncesto

The Supercopa de España de Baloncesto 2012 was the 9th edition of this tournament. It is also called Supercopa Endesa for sponsorship reasons.
It was played in the Pabellón Príncipe Felipe in Zaragoza. Real Madrid was the champion after defeating FC Barcelona Regal, the defending champion.

## Participant teams

Participant teams were known officially on 18 June 2012.
| Team | Qualification | Appearance |
| Regal FC Barcelona | 2011–12 Liga ACB champion | 8th |
| Real Madrid | 2012 Copa del Rey champion | 7th |
| Valencia Basket | 2011–12 Eurocup runner-up | 2nd |
| CAI Zaragoza | Host team | 2nd |

## Semifinals

The draw of semifinals was made on 6 September 2012.
* La 1
* September 22 19:00 CEST
* Stats
| FC Barcelona Regal | 77–63 | Valencia BC |
| Scoring by quarter: 22–12, 16–20, 19–17, 20–14 |||
| Pts: Mickeal 15 Rebs: Lorbek 9 Asts: Huertas 5 PIR: Mickeal 24 | | Pts: Faverani 14 Rebs: Faverani 6 Asts: three players 2 PIR: Martínez 14 |
* Pabellón Príncipe Felipe, Zaragoza Attendance: 6,100 Referees: Pérez Pizarro, Conde, Peruga
* FORTA
* September 22 21:30 CEST
* Stats
| CAI Zaragoza | 64–72 | Real Madrid |
| Scoring by quarter: 17–21, 14–15, 9–22, 24–14 |||
| Pts: Rudež 17 Rebs: Aguilar 7 Asts: Roll 5 PIR: Roll 17 | | Pts: Mirotić 14 Rebs: Mirotić 11 Asts: Rodríguez 5 PIR: Mirotić 23 |
* Pabellón Príncipe Felipe, Zaragoza Attendance: 6,500 Referees: García González, Perea, Jiménez

## Final

* La 1
* September 23 19:00 CEST
* Stats
| FC Barcelona Regal | 84–95 | Real Madrid |
| Scoring by quarter: 23–30, 20–14, 13–21, 28–30 |||
| Pts: Jawai 20 Rebs: Ingles 5 Asts: Huertas 7 PIR: Ingles 21 | | Pts: Fernández 22 Rebs: three players 5 Asts: Rodríguez 3 PIR: Fernández 25 |
* Pabellón Príncipe Felipe, Zaragoza Attendance: 7,000 Referees: Pérez Pizarro, Conde, García González
* Supercopa de España 2012 Champions
* Real Madrid Second title
# Faraday rotator

A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect, a magneto-optic effect involving transmission of light through a material when a longitudinal static magnetic field is present. The state of polarization (such as the axis of linear polarization or the orientation of elliptical polarization) is rotated as the wave traverses the device, which is explained by a slight difference in the phase velocity between the left and right circular polarizations. Thus it is an example of circular birefringence, as is optical activity, but involves a material only having this property in the presence of a magnetic field.

## Mechanism

Circular birefringence, involving a difference in propagation between opposite circular polarizations, is distinct from linear birefringence (or simply birefringence, when the term is not further specified) which also transforms a wave's polarization but not through a simple rotation.
The polarization state is rotated in proportion to the applied longitudinal magnetic field according to:
    $\beta =VBd\!$
where $\beta$ is the angle of rotation (in radians), $B$ is the magnetic flux density in the direction of propagation (in teslas), $d$ is the length of the path (in metres) where the light and magnetic field interact, and $V$ is the Verdet constant for the material. This empirical proportionality constant (in units of radians per tesla per metre, rad/(T·m)) varies with wavelength and temperature and is tabulated for various materials.
Faraday rotation is a rare example of non-reciprocal optical propagation. Although reciprocity is a basic tenet of electromagnetics, the apparent non-reciprocity in this case is a result of not considering the static magnetic field but only the resulting device. Unlike the rotation in an optically active medium such as a sugar solution, reflecting a polarized beam back through the same Faraday rotator does not undo the polarization change the beam underwent in its forward pass through the medium, but actually doubles it. Then by implementing a Faraday rotator with a rotation of 45°, inadvertent downstream reflections from a linearly polarized source will return with the polarization rotated by 90° and can be simply blocked by a polarizer; this is the basis of optical isolators used to prevent undesired reflections from disrupting an upstream optical system (particularly a laser).
The difference between Faraday rotation and other polarization rotation mechanisms is as follows. In an optically active medium, the polarization direction twists or rotates in the same sense (e.g. like a right-handed screw) for either direction, thus in the case of a plane reflection the original rotation is reversed, returning the incident beam to its original polarization. On the other hand, in a Faraday rotator, passage of light in opposite directions experience a magnetic field in opposite directions relative to the propagation direction, and since the rotation (relative to the direction of propagation) is determined by the magnetic field (see above equation), that rotation is opposite between the two propagating directions.
# 2019 Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge

The 2019 Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge was the first edition of the Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenge road cycling one day race. It was held on 17 June 2019 as part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour in category 1.1.
The race, which started in Vaison-la-Romaine and finished at the summit of Mont Ventoux, was won by Jesús Herrada of Cofidis.

## Teams

Twelve teams participated in the race, of which three were UCI WorldTour teams, seven were UCI Professional Continental teams, and two were UCI Continental Teams. Each team could enter up to seven riders; however, Groupama–FDJ and Total Direct Énergie entered only six, and EF Education First entered only five, meaning the race began with a peloton of 80 riders. Of these riders, 54 finished, 12 finished but were over the time limit, and 14 did not finish.
UCI WorldTeams
* AG2R La Mondiale
* EF Education First
* Groupama–FDJ
UCI Professional Continental Teams
* Arkéa–Samsic
* Caja Rural–Seguros RGA
* Cofidis
* Delko–Marseille Provence
* Euskadi–Murias
* Total Direct Énergie
* Vital Concept–B&B Hotels
UCI Continental Teams
* Amore & Vita–Prodir
* Interpro Cycling Academy

## Results

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Jesús Herrada (ESP) | Cofidis | 5h 02' 05" |
| 2 | Romain Bardet (FRA) | AG2R La Mondiale | + 9" |
| 3 | Rein Taaramäe (EST) | Total Direct Énergie | + 1' 12" |
| 4 | Julien El Fares (FRA) | Delko–Marseille Provence | + 1' 38" |
| 5 | Élie Gesbert (FRA) | Arkéa–Samsic | + 2' 24" |
| 6 | Javier Moreno (ESP) | Delko–Marseille Provence | + 2' 29" |
| 7 | Pierpaolo Ficara (ITA) | Amore & Vita–Prodir | + 2' 40" |
| 8 | Óscar Rodríguez (ESP) | Euskadi–Murias | + 2' 43" |
| 9 | Tony Gallopin (FRA) | AG2R La Mondiale | + 2' 52" |
| 10 | Darwin Atapuma (COL) | Cofidis | + 2' 58" |
# Dambuster Studios

Deep Silver Dambuster Studios Ltd. is a British video game developer based in Nottingham, England and owned by Deep Silver, itself part of the Embracer Group-owned Plaion. The studio was founded on 30 July 2014, and was set up initially to take over the development of Homefront: The Revolution from Crytek UK; which was closed later that same day, transferring all of its employees to Dambuster.

## History

In 2014, Crytek suffered a financial crisis due to internal structuring, and ceased paying wages to the staff members at their UK subsidiary, Crytek UK (formerly known as Free Radical Design). During the development of Homefront: The Revolution, Crytek would sell the Homefront IP to Deep Silver and close down Crytek UK. In accordance with British law, most of Crytek UK's staff members were moved to a new studio founded by Deep Silver called Dambuster Studios to continue Homefront: The Revolution's development. Dambuster Studios is the third Deep Silver in-house development team, following Volition and Fishlabs.
By August 2019, Dambuster had taken over the development on Dead Island 2 from Sumo Digital, and had 140 employees.

## Games developed

| Year | Title | Platform(s) | Note |
| 2016 | Homefront: The Revolution | PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One | |
| 2021 | Chorus | PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Stadia, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S | Assisted Fishlabs |
| 2023 | Dead Island 2 | PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S | |