OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conflict Studies Research Centre

The Conflict Studies Research Centre (CSRC) is an independent military and international relations research company based in Shrivenham, Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1972, it was originally a component of the British Ministry of Defence Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, specialising in potential causes of conflict in a wide area ranging from the Baltics to Central Asia.
This geographical focus was inherited from the Centre's original incarnation as the Soviet Studies Research Centre (SSRC) in 1972, at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, examining the Soviet military threat. SSRC was an original red team which interpreted Soviet bloc "thinking and attitudes" at Camberley. The organization was renamed from Soviet studies to Conflict studies in 1993 – after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Centre later examined wider issues including foreign policy, energy security and demographic change.
CSRC hosted a small number of deep country specialists, providing in-house expertise on their subject countries to government and academic customers in the UK and beyond, as well as publishing research in their own right.
In 2006, CSRC was absorbed into the Advanced Research and Assessment Group (ARAG), another component of the UK Defence Academy. In 2010 the ARAG was disbanded and former research staff of the CSRC, laid off at its closure, re-formed the organisation independently of the Ministry of Defence. CSRC is now an independent, privately funded body providing expertise in security issues with a primary focus on relations with Russia, and specialist knowledge on military, domestic political, and cyber security questions.
# Angeli

Angeli may refer to:

## Surname
### In arts and media

* Alfredo Angeli (1927–2005), Italian director and screenwriter
* Angeli (cartoonist), Brazilian comic book writer and illustrator
* Ève Angeli (born 1980), French pop singer
* Filippo d'Angeli (1600–1660), Italian painter of the Baroque period
* Franco Angeli (1935-1988), Italian sculptor and painter
* Giulio Cesare Angeli (1570–1630), Italian painter of the early Baroque
* Giuseppe Angeli (1709–1798), Italian painter of the late-Baroque
* Heinrich von Angeli (1840–1925), Austrian painter
* Lou Angeli (1951–2013), American writer and film maker
* Marguerite de Angeli (1889–1987), American writer and illustrator of children's books
* Michael Angeli (born 1970), American writer and television producer
* Pier Angeli (1932–1971), Italian-born television and film actress

### In politics

* Alfredo de Angeli (born 1956), rural leader of the Federación Agraria Argentina of Entre Ríos
* Giuseppe Angeli (1931-2016), Italian politician
* Jake Angeli (born 1988), American conspiracy theorist and activist

### In sport

* Amedeo Angeli (1911–1965), Italian bobsledder
* Arnor Angeli (born 1991), Belgian footballer
* Benedicto Antonio Angeli (1939–2021), Brazilian football player
* Jordan Angeli (born 1986), American soccer player from Lakewood, Colorado
* Virna De Angeli (Gravedona, 27 February 1976), Italian former sprinter

### Others with the surname

* Alicia Gironella D'Angeli, Mexican chef
* Angelo Angeli (1864–1931), Italian chemist
* Edgar Angeli (1892–1945), Croatian rear admiral of Navy of Croatia
* Francesco degli Angeli (1567–1628), Italian Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia
* Jerome de Angelis (1567–1623), Italian Jesuit missionary to Japan
* Stefano degli Angeli (1623–1697), Italian mathematician

## Given name

* Angeli Bayani, Filipino actress
* Angeli Gonzales (born 1994), Filipino teen actress
* Angeli Nicole Sanoy (born 2001), Filipina child actress
* Marco Angeli di Sartèna (1905–1985), politician from Corsica
* Maria Angeli Tabaquero (born 1989), Filipino volleyball athlete
* Angeli Vanlaanen (born 1985), American freestyle skier

## Other uses

* Angeli, Finland, a village in Finnish Lapland
* Angeli di Varano, a village near Ancona in central Italy
* Angelica vestis, a monastic garment
* Angels, in the Italian language
* The Angeli–Rimini reaction
* Angeli, a novel by Alessandro Defilippi
# Guillaume Le Bé

Guillaume Le Bé (French pronunciation:; 1525–1598) was a French punchcutter and engraver who specialised in Hebrew typefaces.
He was born in Troyes to a notable family of paper merchants and apprenticed to Robert Estienne in Paris. After completing his apprenticeship, he was active in Venice from c. 1540 to 1550, where he produced Hebrew, Latin and Greek types for various printer/publishers, notably Marc'Antonio Giustiniani, Carlo Querini and Meir di Parenzo.
On his return to France, he established a type foundry which lasted through two generations until the 18th century. Le Bé supplied types to Christophe Plantin in Antwerp and left two annotated scrapbooks of his and other typefaces, which are now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. He also supplied music type to the publishing house of Robert Ballard (his son-in-law) and Adrien Le Roy in the 1550s. This type was used well into the 18th century, when Christophe Ballard ran the publishing house.
The typographical symbol guillemet is named after him.
# Borchotto

Borchotto is a town in central Ethiopia.

## Transport

It is served indirectly by a station on the national railway system.
# Eulima recurva

Eulima recurva is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.
# Blissus canadensis

Blissus canadensis is a species of true bug in the family Blissidae. It is found in North America.
# Eoin Ó Broin (disambiguation)

Eoin Ó Broin (born 1972) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician and Dáil deputy for Dublin Mid-West
Eoin Ó Broin or Eoin O'Broin may also refer to:
* Eoin O'Broin, stage name Noisestorm, Irish DJ and music producer
* Eoin Ó Broin, Irish Social Democrat (formerly independent) politician and member of South Dublin County Council
# Comprehensive Child Development Act

The United States Congress passed the Comprehensive Child Development Act in 1971 as part of the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1971. The bill would have implemented a multibillion-dollar national day care system designed partially to make it easier for single parents to work and care for children simultaneously, thereby alleviating strain on the welfare system. It was vetoed by President Richard Nixon.

## History

The bill passed the Senate on December 2, 1971, with a vote of 63 to 17, and the House on December 7, 1971, with a vote of 211 to 187. President Richard Nixon vetoed the bill on December 10, 1971. The veto was upheld when an attempted override gained 51 votes in favor and 36 opposed, short of the supermajority needed to override a presidential veto.
Nixon's veto and his accompanying rationale reveal several staple thought processes of Cold War politics in the United States. He said that the bill would implement a "communal approach to child-rearing," tying it to broad-based fears of Communism and labeling it the "most radical piece of legislation" to have ever crossed his desk. He also said it had "family-weakening implications." The idea that America was distinguished by strong traditional families was often used (by Nixon and other American leaders) to contrast it with the USSR and to resist feminist demands for greater equality for women. Nixon's famous "kitchen debates" with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev included prominent examples of this concept.
The bill incited some political backlash from anti-welfare and anti-feminist activists who opposed the idea of women in the workforce and who were leery of allowing children to be partially raised outside of the home.
# Carlos Caridad Montero

Carlos Caridad Montero (born 12 August 1967 in Maracaibo, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan film director, scriptwriter, and journalist, from the Escuela de Cine y Televisión de San Antonio de los Baños, Cuba. He now resides in Caracas.
His films include A los pobres les gusta el Mambo, Sólo Nosotros y los Dinosaurios, La Estrategia del Azar, Tarde de Machos, and Nocturno. Tarde de Machos was in the noncompetitive Tous les Cinémas du Monde of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.

## Filmography

* The Rent Girl (2023)
* Sons of the Revolution (2023)
* 3 Beauties (2014)
* Life in the Building Blocks (2008)
* Proyecto sobre Maracaibo (2007) (?) – Documentary
* Nocturno (2003)
* Tarde de Machos (2002)
* La estrategia del Azar (1996)
* Sólo Nosotros y los Dinosaurios (1993) – Documentary
* A los pobres les gusta el Mambo (????)
# 1721 in Canada

Events from the year 1721 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* French Monarch: Louis XV
* British and Irish Monarch: George I

### Governors

* Governor General of New France: Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
* Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
* Governor of Nova Scotia: John Doucett
* Governor of Placentia: Samuel Gledhill

## Events

* 800 Acadians take oath of allegiance to the French.

## Historical documents

Get-rich-quick attitude hinders early development of New France
French governor and intendant want Indigenous allies to resist British, possibly with their direct support (Note: "savages" used)
Sisters of the Congregation in Montreal "are poor[...]and poorly nourished, although indefatigable" in serving at Hôtel-Dieu
Council of Marine informed of Montreal fire losses, including 138 houses and "more than one million to the merchants and bourgeois"
Intendant of Canada encourages alliance of Indigenous people and Acadians to drive British from Nova Scotia
Call to move Newfoundlanders off island after William Keen and other residents have enough of murder and other "great disorders"
"Dayly Cry here is for Justice" - Nova Scotia Governor and Council authorize themselves to be court of justice meeting quarterly
Recommendation to expel French inhabitants of Nova Scotia, who refuse to give allegiance to Crown and divert trade to French ports
"Promising beginnings" - New York gratifies Five Nations with deal for Lake Ontario trading post plus proof of French lies to them
Illustration: Five Nations "Indian sachems" meeting with N.Y. Gov. Burnet give him beaver for his new wife (Note: racial stereotypes)
With French favouring might over treaty right, Britain must make itself "considerable" in American colonies and build frontier forts
Detailed description of French routes from Montreal to their settlements on Mississippi River
Names and numbers of Indigenous allies of French detailed and compared with far fewer British allies
As France has done, Britain should reinforce its bonds with Indigenous peoples through gifts, marriage, religion, trade and treaties
# Guillaume Veau

Guillaume Veau was a thirteenth-century French trouvère. Three chansons courtoises are attributed to him in the Vatican manuscript Reg.lat.1490:
* J'ai amé trestout mon vivant
* Meudre achoison n'euc onques de chanter
* S'amours loiaus m'a fait soufrir
The first two of these are unica, that is, they appear in no other source. They both end on a note other than the tonal centre of the first four phrases. The "moderately florid" melodies of all three are written in bar form.
Nothing else is known about Veau.
# Borchgrevink Nunatak

Borchgrevink Nunatak (66°3′S 62°30′W﻿ / ﻿66.050°S 62.500°W﻿ / -66.050; -62.500) is a nunatak 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) long which rises to 650 metres (2,130 ft), standing at the south side of the entrance to Richthofen Pass, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was discovered in 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld, who named it for C. E. Borchgrevink, leader of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898–1900, to Victoria Land.
# Eumenogaster eumenes

Eumenogaster eumenes is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1856. It is found in Brazil.
# Bluff Island

Bluff Island may refer to the following islands:
* Bluff Island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
* Bluff Island (Antarctica), Prydz Bay, Antarctica
* Bluff Island (Hong Kong), Port Shelter, Sai Kung District, Hong Kong
# Eoin Ó Gnímh

Eoin Ó Gnímh was an Irish poet and manuscript collector, fl. December 1699.
Ó Gnímh was a member of a hereditary learned family based at Larne, County Antrim, who had been bard for the O'Neills.
He was responsible for preserving a number of manuscripts compiled or collected by Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh.
# Al Prince

Al Prince (died April 8, 2010) was an American-born French Polynesian journalist and tourism expert. Prince was regarded as one of French Polynesia's leading experts on tourism for more than 39 years.
Prince was born and raised in the New England region of the northeast United States. He began his career in journalism in Texas, before moving to Tahiti in 1971 with his then wife, journalist Jan Prince. According to a February 27, 1983, article in the Milwaukee Journal, "Prince was working for the Houston Post when someone told him about an ad for a reporter in the Tahiti Bulletin. He recalls telling himself, 'Tahiti sounds more interesting than Texas', and so he made the move." Prince and his wife divorced in the early 1980s, but continued to collaborate on several French Polynesian publications, including Tahiti Today magazine and the weekly, English-language newspaper Tahiti Sun Press, which is now the Tahiti Beach Press.
Prince worked as a journalist, based in Tahiti, for nearly 40 years. He wrote his first stories in French Polynesia for the Tahiti Bulletin, where he also served as its publisher. In the 1990s, Prince began working as a writer for the GIE Tahiti Tourisme, which promotes and markets French Polynesia as a tourist destination. Prince also worked for GIE Perles de Tahiti, an entity which promotes Tahitian black pearls overseas.
In 2002, Al Prince began reporting for Tahitipresse, the bilingual French-English online press agency of the Agence Tahitienne de Presse (Tahiti Press Agency), or ATP. He continued to write for Tahitipresse until shortly before his death in 2010.
Al Prince died of a lengthy illness in Tahiti on April 8, 2010, at the age of 67.
# Constantin Hamangiu

Constantin N. Hamangiu (December 31, 1869–January 7, 1932) was a Romanian jurist.
Born in Bârlad, he attended the city's Gheorghe Roșca High School. He then studied at the University of Bucharest, graduating with a law degree, after which he entered the magistracy. Hamangiu became a circuit judge in Bucharest in early 1894, and a substitute prosecutor at the Vâlcea County tribunal later that year. In 1895, he was appointed prosecutor at the Covurlui County tribunal. From 1902 to 1905, he was chief prosecutor of the Ilfov County tribunal. From 1905 to 1908, he was a prosecutor at the Iași appeals court. Hamangiu was then moved to Galați and raised to the rank of adviser. He then served at the Craiova appeals court until 1915, when he resigned from the magistracy.
In 1918, Hamangiu was named general secretary in the Justice Ministry. That autumn, he became an adviser at the High Court of Cassation and Justice, a post he retained until his death. As such, he sponsored the printing of important law volumes; Hamangiu was an expert on civil law. In 1930, he was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy, an institution to which he made significant donations. In April 1931, he was named Justice Minister in the technocratic cabinet of Nicolae Iorga. Soon after, he was elected to the Assembly of Deputies. He died the following January, while still a minister.
# Carmen Tessier

Carmen Tessier (24 June 1911 – 31 July 1980) was a French journalist and gossip columnist.

## Biography

Carmen Tessier was born in Allaines (Eure-et-Loir). She was secretary to Maurice Bourdet at the Le Poste Parisien in 1937, and then joined Paris-Soir. After the Second World War and the Liberation, she was refused a press card because she worked for that newspaper during German occupation. She recalled: "Thanks to the intervention of Pierre Lazareff [(the director of France-Soir)], I was able to appear again before the committee that decided on the granting of the card. The presiding magistrate asked me loudly: 'So, madam, what did you do during the war?' 'Mr. President, you know it as well as I do: I reported on the cases you tried'. It was all over. As a consequence, I have press card No. 750."
As a journalist at France-Soir, Tessier became a household name. She wrote about rumours surrounding celebrities and stars in column "Les Potins de la commère" ("neighbourhood busybody") that was widely read in France, reputedly by both ministers and concierges. She modelled herself on the American journalist Elsa Maxwell, whom Lazareff had admired when he lived in the United States. Though her writing was ironic and at times caustic, she steered clear of outright scandal. From these revelations she published several books, including the collections of her mémoires, the Bibliothèque Rosse, Histoires de Marie-Chantal and La Commère en dit plus. Olivia de Havilland remarked that her "power and prestige as a lady journalist [were] unequalled in all of Europe"
In 1956, when Romain Gary won the Prix Goncourt for Les Racines du ciel, columnist Tessier suggested that because the writer was from Lithuania, he thus had a poor command of French, so Albert Camus and Jacques Lemarchand [fr] must have written his book for him. Albert Camus then shot off a letter to Charles Gombault, co-director of France-Soir, who said, after reading the missive: "Ok, we will only talk about Camus in this newspaper to announce his death".
Philippe Bouvard succeeded her in writing the gossip column of France-Soir in 1973. She retired in 1975.

## Private life

In 1961 she married André-Louis Dubois, prefect of Paris and later the director of Paris Match. This opened doors for Tessier across Paris, and expanded her network of friends and informants. Since Dubois was known as the police chief who had prohibited the honking of car horns for which Paris was notorious, Jean Cocteau quipped "Le Préfet du Silence épouse la Commère" ("the Prefect of Silence marries the Gossip").
Retirement brought the opportunity to write her books, but she missed her accustomed crowded life of invitations and phone calls, and suffered severe depression. She died by suicide in 1980, jumping from the balcony of the 9th floor of a seniors' residence in Neuilly-sur-Seine, west of Paris, where she lived with her husband.

## Honours

* Knight of the Legion of Honour
# 1816 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1816 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Frederick VI
* Prime minister – Joachim Godske Moltke

## Events
### Undated

* Kommercekollegiet is merged with Generaltoldkammeret (General Chamber of Customs and Excise).

## Births
### January–March

* 21 January – Louise Phister, actress (died 1914)
* 7 March – Catharine Simonsen, soprano (died 1849)
* 29 March – Christen Mikkelsen Kold, teacher who founded a school in Ryslinge that later became a model for the Danish folk high-school system (died 1870)

### April–June

* 13 April – Gottlieb Abrahamson Gedalia, banker (died 1892)
* 17 April – Jens Adolf Jerichau, sculptor (died 1883)
* 13 June – Dankvart Dreyer, painter (died 1852)
* 21 June – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist (died 1872)

### July–September

* 11 July – Christian Albrecht von Benzonm painter (died 1849)
* 7 August – Carit Etlar, author (died 1900)

### October–December

* 4 October – Rudolph Striegler, photographer (died 1876)
* 8 December – Edvard Helsted, composer (died 1900)

## Deaths
### April–June

* 11 April – Jørgen Thomsen Bech, businessman (born 1731)

### July–September

* 24 July – Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein Stub, painter (born 1783)
* 22 August – Hartvig Marcus Frisch, civil servant (born 1754)
* 30 August – Niels Bang, landowner (born 1776)

### October–December

* 2 December – Charlotte Schimmelmann, Norwegian-born salonist and patron (born 1757)
* 28 December – Julie Reventlow, countess, writer and salonist (born 1763)
# Guillaume Besse (historian)

Guillaume Besse (fl. 17th century) was a French historian. Little is known of his life. He was a native of Carcassonne. By 1635 he was a lawyer, but there is no mention of him later than 1668.
According to Besse, in 1652 he received scrap of parchment from a prebendary of Saint-Étienne de Toulouse. He published it eight years later under the title "Charte de Niquinta" in a three-page appendix to his Histoire des ducs, marquis et comtes de Narbonne. The poorly written "charter" purports to be extracts from three Latin documents copied by Peire Polhan and Peire Izarn in 1223 or 1233. These record a Cathar council held at Saint-Félix-de-Caraman in 1167, a sermon given by a papa (or pope) named Niquinta (Nicetas) at this council and the demarcation of boundaries of new Cathar dioceses in Toulouse, Carcassonne and Agen. The original parchment is lost. Although many historians have lent great weight to the "Charte de Niquinta", others have labelled it a forgery, either of Besse himself or of Peire Polhan and Peire Izarn in the 13th century.

## Works

* Histoire des Comtes de Carcassonne. Béziers: Arnaud Estradier Marchan, 1645.
* Recueil de diverses pièces servant à l'histoire du roy Charles VI. Paris:Antoine de Sommaville, 1660.
* Histoire des ducs, marquis et comtes de Narbonne, autrement appellez Princes des Goths, Ducs de Septimanie, et Marquis de Gothie: Dedié à Monseigneur l'Archevesque Duc de Narbonne. Paris:Antoine de Sommaville, 1660.
# Bosta

Bosta may refer to:
* Bosta (film), a 2005 Lebanese film
* British Orthodontic Society Technicians Award
* Bosta, Hungary
* Bosta, Bangladesh
* Bostadh, Great Bernera, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
* Bostadh Iron Age settlement
# Eumetriochroa kalopanacis

Eumetriochroa kalopanacis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (Hokkaidō and Honshū islands).
The wingspan is 6.4-7.2 mm for the autumnal form and about 5.7 mm for the aestival (summer) form. There are two seasonal forms, which differ in size and colour: one is an aestival form with adults on wing in summer from July to August, and the other is an autumnal form with adults on wing in autumn from mid September to October.
The larvae feed on Kalopanax pictus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Bluff Hospital

Bluff Hospital is a hospital and clinic active in the medical care of foreign residents of Yokohama, Japan.
# Entelopes similis

Entelopes similis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866. It is known from Malaysia.
# Albert Mohler (footballer)

Albert Mohler was a Swiss footballer who played as midfielder in the 1930s and 1940s.
Mohler joined Basel's first team in their 1938–39 season. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the Landhof on 4 September 1938 as Basel played a 2–2 draw against La Chaux-de-Fonds.
Between the years 1938 and 1942 Mohler played a total of seven games for Basel. Four of these games were in the Nationalliga and 1. Liga and the other three were friendly games.
After his time by Basel Mohler moved on and joined FC Nordstern Basel for their 1942–1943 season in the Nationalliga A.
# Constantinople (disambiguation)

Constantinople is the historic city name of present-day Istanbul in Turkey, formerly known as Byzantium.
Constantinople may also refer to:
* Constantinople (ensemble), a Canadian early music group
* Aziyadé, or Constantinople, a 1879 novel by Pierre Loti
* Constantinople (De Amicis book), an 1877 travel book by Edmondo de Amicis
* Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924, a 1995 book by Phillip Mansel
* "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)", a 1953 novelty song
* "Constantinople", a song by the Decemberists from the 2005 EP Picaresqueties
* "Constantinople", a song by The Residents from the 1978 album Duck Stab/Buster & Glen
* Constantinople Records, a record label for The Smashing Pumpkins
* Dufrais Constantinople, a fictional character in the TV show Fonejacker and Facejacker