OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First Class (game show)

First Class is a British game show that originally aired as a regional programme for BBC Wales from 3 October to 19 December 1984 with Louise Bachelor as host. It was then networked on BBC1 and recorded in the BBC's Scotland studios in Glasgow, with broadcasts from 8 January 1986 to 21 August 1988 with Debbie Greenwood as host. Series 1 was shown on Wednesdays, Series 2 & 3 on Wednesday & Thursday evenings, and series 4 was moved to Saturday evenings in 1988.

## Format

The show was two teams of three students (each team representing a particular school) would take part in a multi-format quiz featuring questions on both general knowledge and popular culture, as well as innovative video game rounds. Rounds such as the "Spinning Gold Disc" made use of a simulated computer display similar to other game shows of the same era, such as Blockbusters and Catchphrase. Other rounds such as "Word of Mouth" used a real computer display from a BBC Micro. This computer also provided the on-screen captions and scores and was nicknamed Eugene, after the show's original programmer Eugene Crozier.
The competition was a knockout tournament; the eventual winners of the series would be presented with a computer (usually a BBC Master) for their school. Celebrity episodes of the show were also aired, featuring cast members from Grange Hill and EastEnders.
First Class was notable for its use of video games; such footage (of arcade games in particular) was a rarely seen on UK television at the time and the show aired several years before GamesMaster. The designated contestant from each team would earn points by beating the other player's score; rounds would be either turn-based and head-to-head depending on the game / event. The games were often referred to by their events as opposed to their titles, for example the "spring and vault" round or the "clay pigeon shooting".
The music used for the programme's titles was "Airborn" by Mike Oldfield, from his 1979 album Platinum.

## Arcade games featured

* Hyper Sports (skeet shooting and vaulting horse events)
* Paperboy
* 720°

## Transmissions
### Series

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 3 October 1984 | 19 December 1984 | 12 |
| 2 | 8 January 1986 | 5 March 1986 | 15 |
| 3 | 7 January 1987 | 25 February 1987 | 15 |
| 4 | 6 February 1988 | 20 August 1988 | 24 |

### Specials

| Date | Entitle |
| 6 March 1986 | Celebrity Special |
| 26 February 1987 | Celebrity Special |
| 21 August 1988 | Celebrity Special |
# Finswimming in Australia

Finswimming has been conducted in Australia since 1970 and is offered at venues in New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. National championships have been held since 1970 and Australia first competed at world championship level in 1990.

## History

Finswimming has been conducted in Australia since at least 1970 where it was first appeared as the ‘finning competition’ in the program of the Australian Skindiving Convention (now called the Australian Underwater Championships) held at Edithburgh in South Australia during December 1970.

## Domestic competition

As of September 2013, finswimming is conducted at venues in New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. National championships has been held since 1970. The national championships are held annually and as an event separate from the Australian Underwater Championships since the early 1990s.

## International competition

Australia was first represented at a world championship event by an individual male competitor, Les Proud, at the 5th World Championships in Rome during 1990. The first appearance by an Australian team was at the 6th World Championships held in Athens during 1992.

## Governance

The peak body is the Fin Swimming Commission (operating as Ozfin Inc.) of the Australian Underwater Federation (AUF). There are state commissions in New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria.
Ozfin's operations are concerned with building participation levels, improvement of competition standards, offering national and international competition within Australia, developing national teams for international competition, supporting domestic competition via the provision of technical and promotional support, and the accreditation of coaches and officials.
As of September 2013, Ozfin only offers swimming pool races for surface swimming, bi-fins, apnoea finswimming and immersion finswimming with breathing apparatus. While Ozfin does not offer any long distance finswimming events, the AUF spearfishing commission does offer a series of openwater finswimming events held over distances between 200 and 500 metres as part of the Australian Underwater Championships.
Finswimming has a coaching stream as part of the AUF's coaching program in underwater sports with two levels accredited with the Australian Government's National Coaching Accreditation Scheme (NCAS).
# Angelo Fantoni

Father Angelo Fantoni (May 2, 1903 – August 28, 1992) was an Italian priest and exorcist who worked at Monte San Savino near Arezzo, Italy.
He was born in Italy to Pietro Annunziata (Cipriani) Fantoni. He entered college at the age of seventeen in 1920 and was ordained a priest on March 18, 1930.
Father Fantoni became a noted faith healer but this ended up causing problems in Arezzo when the medical doctors collectively denounced him as a fraud because he healed without using medicine. Father Fantoni was to be imprisoned for a year and pay a 300,000 lire fine. However, when the verdict was appealed he was acquitted. The story is told in the 1999 book Thanks, don Angelo! by Franco Predieri.
His life and experiences as an exorcist are recorded in the book Don Angelo Fantoni: Testimonianze by Rita Buonomo.
He is mentioned in Father Gabriele Amorth's book An Exorcist: More Stories.

## Sources

* A Parish Priest to Remember
* This article about an Italian Roman Catholic cleric is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Amata prepuncta

Amata prepuncta is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1988. It is found on Borneo.
# Annales Fuldenses

The Annales Fuldenses or Annals of Fulda are East Frankish chronicles that cover independently the period from the last years of Louis the Pious (died 840) to shortly after the end of effective Carolingian rule in East Francia with the accession of the child-king, Louis III, in 900. Throughout this period they are a near contemporary record of the events they describe and a primary source for Carolingian historiography. They are usually read as a counterpart to the narrative found in the West Frankish Annales Bertiniani.

## Authorship and manuscripts

The Annals were composed at the Abbey of Fulda in Hesse. A note in one manuscript has been taken to prove that the entries down to 838 were composed by Einhard (Enhard in the MS), yet it has been convincingly argued that this might only have been a copyist's colophon that has abusively entered the manuscript tradition, a sort of accident far from uncommon in medieval scriptoria. Be that as it may, a second note sets on more solid grounds the attribution of the annals down to 864 to Rudolf of Fulda, whose manuscript, though not conserved, is mentioned in independent sources and has left traces in the tradition. Some scholars believe that the whole work was first put together by an unknown compiler only in the 870s. It has also been suggested that they were continued after 864 by Meinhard, but very little is known of this continuator of Rudolf's work. However, already after 863 the three (Kurze) or two (Hellman) manuscript groups of the Annals break off into different overlapping versions, continuing Rudolf's work down to 882 (or 887) and 896 (or 901). The two alleged principal extensions have been styled the "Mainz" and "Bavarian" continuations respectively. The Mainz version shows strong links with the circle of Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz, and is written from a Franconian perspective and are partisan to Liutbert and the kings he served. The Bavarian continuation was probably written in Regensburg until 896 and thereafter in Niederalteich. A new edition is eagerly awaited.

## Sources

The years 714 to 830 are largely based on the Royal Frankish Annals (741–829) and the Annals of Lorsch (703–803, including continuations). After that date the Annals of Fulda are relatively independent.

## Content

The events recorded in the annals include the death of Louis the Pious and the subsequent dividing of the Frankish Empire into three parts at the Treaty of Verdun. After 860, the annals focus mainly on events in eastern Francia and on its king Louis the German and the king's sons. The Annales also describe in some detail raids conducted by the Vikings in the Frankish Empire from 845 onward. Other events recorded in the Annales include various 'miraculous' events such as comets, earthquakes, and disease. The annals end in 901, a year after the succession of Louis the Child.

## Importance

Along with the Annales Bertiniani (Annals of Saint-Bertin), the West Frankish narratives of the same events, the Annals of Fulda are the principal historical primary source for ninth-century Carolingian studies.
# Dendrelaphis grismeri

Dendrelaphis grismeri is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in Indonesia.
# Chambersburg (disambiguation)

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania is a borough in the South Central region of Pennsylvania.
Chambersburg may also refer to several places:
* Chambersburg, Illinois
* Chambersburg, Indiana
* Chambersburg Township, Pike County, Illinois
* Chambersburg Township, Iredell County, North Carolina
* Chambersburg, Missouri
* Chambersburg, Trenton, New Jersey, a neighborhood within the South Trenton neighborhood in Trenton, New Jersey
* Chambersburg, Ohio
** Chambersburg Area Senior High School
# Doylesburg, Pennsylvania

Doylesburg is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

Doylesburg was platted in 1851 by Philip T. Doyle, and named for him. A post office was established at Doylesburg in 1854.
# Abhidharmadīpa

The Abhidharmadīpa or Lamp of Abhidharma is an Abhidharma text thought to have been authored by Vasumitra as a response to Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośakārikā.
The text consists of verse and prose commentary. It currently survives as an incomplete collection of Sanskrit fragments. However, the text is valuable insofar as it confirms the identity of Vasubandhu as author of the Abhidharmakośakārikā.
# Bruce Kraus

Bruce A. Kraus (born April 13, 1954) is an American politician and businessman from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He served on the Pittsburgh City Council from 2008 to 2024, representing the 3rd district. He was the president of the council from 2014 to 2020.

## Early life

Prior to becoming a Councilman, Kraus worked as an interior design consultant and also served as president of the South Side Chamber of Commerce. He was a member of Mayor Tom Murphy's Graffiti Task Force and Clean Pittsburgh Commission.

## Political career

Kraus first ran for the seat vacated by Gene Ricciardi, who resigned to become a district judge, in the 2006 special election. Though he was endorsed by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, his bid was unsuccessful. In 2007, he ran again against incumbent Jeff Koch and won the primary. Kraus, a Democrat, faced only a Libertarian opponent, Mark Rauterkus, who was running simultaneously for Pittsburgh City Controller. Kraus won and was sworn in on January 7, 2008, as part of a trio of new Council members (including Patrick Dowd and Ricky Burgess). He sought re-election in 2011, facing another Democratic primary against Jeff Koch, who had the support of Mayor Luke Ravenstahl. Kraus won 54% of the vote to Koch's 38%, with two other candidates each receiving 4%. No Republican or third-party candidate filed for the seat so Kraus ran unopposed in the general election in November 2011.
As a city councilman, Kraus drafted the city's first domestic partnership registry which passed in 2009. In 2014, he sponsored legislation to add gender identity and expression as an explicitly protected class with regard to housing, employment and public accommodation in the city.
He has also been involved in trying to curb public drunkenness and overcrowding in South Side bars. In September 2009, City Council passed his ordinance banning public urination, creating the first such ban in Pittsburgh. He has authored ordinances increasing open-container fines and regulating the installation of sidewalk cafes. He introduced the Responsible Hospitality Institute's ("RHI") Sociable City Plan, which has worked to develop a comprehensive strategy to regulate the nighttime economy on Pittsburgh's South Side and elsewhere in the metropolitan area.

## Personal life

Kraus is the city's first openly gay elected official. He lives in Pittsburgh's South Side Flats neighborhood.
# Aristarchus

Aristarchus may refer to:

## People

* Aristarchus of Tegea (5th century BC), Greek writer
* Aristarchus of Athens, (5th century BC), one of the leaders of the Athenian coup of 411 BC
* Aristarchus of Athens, though apparently different from the above, a conversation between whom and Socrates is recorded by Xenophon in his Memorabilia (2.7.)
* Aristarchus of Sparta, harmost of Byzantium in 400 BC
* Aristarchus (physician), royal physician to the court of Syria in the 3rd century BC
* Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310–230 BC), Greek astronomer and mathematician
* Aristarchus of Samothrace (c. 220–143 BC), Greek grammarian
* Aristarchus, one of the ambassadors sent by the Phocaeans to Seleucus IV Philopator, the son of Antiochus III the Great, in 190 BC
* Aristarchus of Colchis (fl. 63–50 BC), Colchian dynast, appointed by Pompey after the close of the Mithridatic Wars
* Aristarchus of Thessalonica (1st century AD), Eastern saint and early Christian mentioned in a few passages in the New Testament
* Aristarchus the Chronographer, author of a letter on the situation of Athens, and the events which took place there in the 1st century AD, and especially of the life of Dionysius the Areopagite
* Aristarchus of Alexandria (date unknown), the author of a work on the interpretation of dreams, mentioned by Artemidorus in the 2nd century

## Other

* 3999 Aristarchus, a main-belt asteroid
* Aristarchus (crater), on the Moon
# Angelo Fagiani

Angelo Fagiani (18 April 1943 – 4 July 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop.
Fagiani was born in Italy and was ordained to the priesthood in 1967. He served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Camerino-San Severino Marche, Italy, from 1999 until 2007.
# 14th U-boat Flotilla

The 14th U-boat Flotilla (German 14. Unterseebootsflottille) was a short-lived unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The flotilla was formed on 15 December 1944 in Narvik, Norway, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Helmut Möhlmann. It was disbanded in May 1945 when Germany surrendered.

## Assigned U-boats

Eight U-boats were assigned to this flotilla during its service.
* U-294
* U-295
* U-299
* U-318
* U-427
* U-716
* U-995
* U-997
# 1626 University of Cambridge Chancellor election

The election for the Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge, 1626, chose a new Chancellor of the university. There were two candidates for the post, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, supported by the king, and Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire, a son of the Chancellor who had just died.

## Background

The election was brought about by the death on 28 March 1626 of the previous Chancellor, the Earl of Suffolk. A past Lord High Treasurer who had fallen from office, Suffolk had owned Audley End House, near Cambridge, said to be the largest private house in England, and at the time of his death was Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire and also of Suffolk.
While holding a largely ceremonial position, the Chancellor was nevertheless influential in the university, and monarchs of England liked to have their supporters in such key positions. Charles I had been on the throne for barely a year and was anxious to have his supporters in significant offices.

## Campaigns

Suffolk died at his great house at Charing Cross, so that the news came to the court before it reached the university. The day after the death, 29 March, the chaplain of George Montaigne, Bishop of London, arrived in Cambridge bearing a message from his master to report that King Charles wished to see his father's favourite Buckingham elected as the new Chancellor. However, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire, one of the dead man's eight sons, decided to contest the election. A fierce contest ensued, later described by James Bass Mullinger as "essentially one between the two great theological parties of the time".
Buckingham was strongly supported by Leonard Mawe, himself recently appointed by the King as Master of Trinity, the most important college. On the morning of the election, Mawe summoned all the fellows of Trinity and pressed them to vote for Buckingham.

## Ballot and outcome

The university's Statutes of 1570 gave the heads of houses considerable influence in such elections, chiefly because there was no secret ballot, and of all the doctors of the university in residence only one, Dr George Porter, President of Queens' College and Regius Professor of Civil Law, voted for Berkshire. In the event, many fellows of colleges who were expected to do likewise abstained by staying away from the election.
Buckingham was declared the winner, but with a majority over Berkshire of only three votes. Some men present doubted the result and thought of challenging it, but it was decided not to do so.
# 1626 in Italy

An incomplete series of events which occurred in Italy in 1626:

## Births

* Andrea Guarneri, luthier and founder of the house of Guarneri violin makers (died 1698)
* Alessandro Badiale, painter (died 1671)
* Giordino, Luc. painter (died 1705)
* Giovanni Legrenzi , composer

## Deaths

* Baldassare Capra (1626)
# 1786 in France

Events from the year 1786 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XVI

## Events
### September

* 26 September - The Eden Agreement, a trade treaty with Great Britain, is signed.
* 5 October - Death of Jean-Baptiste Marie de Piquet, Marquess of Méjanes; his book collection is bequeathed to form the basis of the Bibliothèque Méjanes at Aix-en-Provence.

## Births

* 11 January - Louis Tromelin
* 13 January - Pierre-Dominique Bazaine
* 23 January - Auguste de Montferrand
* 2 February - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet
* 4 March - Amédée Despans-Cubières
* 31 March - Louis Vicat
* 20 April - Marc Seguin
* 9 July - Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France
* 10 July - John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières
* 31 August - Michel Eugène Chevreul
* 29 September - Auguste-François Michaut
* 10 October - François-Édouard Picot
* 21 October
** Henry Lemoine
** Louis Isidore Duperrey
* 30 December - André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac

## Deaths

* 7 January - Jean-Étienne Guettard
* 14 January - Catherine-Nicole Lemaure
* 6 March - Charles Germain de Saint Aubin
* 22 June - Claude Arnulphy
* 2 August - François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet
* 20 December - Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont
# 1786 in India

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1786 in India.

## Incumbents

* Marquess Cornwallis, Governor-General, 1786-93 (also 1796-98 and 1805)

## Events

* National income - ₹10,251 million
# 2019 van Albada

2019 van Albada, provisional designation 1935 SX$_1$, is a stony Florian asteroid and former spacecraft target from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 September 1935, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at Leiden Southern Station, annex to the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. The asteroid was later named after Gale Bruno van Albada.

## Orbit and classification

van Albada is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,225 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.
In May 1911, the asteroid was first identified as A911 KD at the discovering Johannesburg Observatory. The body's observation arc begins at Lowell Observatory in 1931, four years prior to its official discovery observation.

## Former flyby target

van Albada was considered as a flyby target of the NEAR unmanned robotic spacecraft mission in the 1990s. NEAR eventually launched, but visited 253 Mathilde and 433 Eros. There is only a small number of minor planets formerly targeted for spacecraft visitation.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, van Albada is a common S-type asteroid. It has also been characterized as a stony asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.

### Lightcurves

Between 2012 and 2015, several rotational lightcurves of van Albada were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers Pierre Antonini, Junda Liu, Raoul Behrend and Jean Strajnic, as well as by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a short rotation period between 2.72 and 2.73 hours with a brightness variation between 0.13 and 0.20 magnitude (U=2+/2+/2+/2/2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, van Albada measures between 7.53 and 8.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo between 0.411 and 0.496.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 9.41 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.3.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of Dutch astronomer Gale Bruno van Albada (1911–1972), who was director of the Bosscha Observatory and of the Astronomical Institute at Amsterdam. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 April 1991 (M.P.C. 18135). The lunar crater Van Albada is also named in his honor.
# Cernans

Cernans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Doyōbi no Tamanegi

Doyōbi no Tamanegi (土曜日のタマネギ, lit. "Saturday Scallions") is the sixth single by Japanese pop singer Yuki Saito. It was released May 21, 1986 by Canyon Records together with "Axia - Kanashii Kotori" (AXIA－かなしいことり－, lit. "Sorrowful Songbird"). It was ranked #6 on the Oricon charts.

## History

"Doyōbi no Tamanegi" was released on May 21, 1986, as a 12-inch single vinyl record through Canyon Records. The single reached #6 on the Oricon charts.
The B-side release was "Axia - Kanashii Kotori". The title song had lyrics written by Hiroko Taniyama, the music was composed by Toshio Kamei and was arranged by Satoshi Takebe. Natsuo Giniro wrote the lyrics and composed the music for the B-side, and Takebe arranged the music.
The original single sold 320,000 copies initially, and a total of 880,000 copies. It was later rereleased as a mini CD single on April 29, 1988.

### Chart history

| Chart (1986) | Release | Peak position |
| Oricon | "Doyōbi no Tamanegi / Axia - Kanashii Kotori" | 6 |
# Aristotelia melanaphra

Aristotelia melanaphra is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1923. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are rather dark violet grey with the stigmata faintly darker, the plical obliquely before the first discal. There is a cloudy white dot on the costa at two-thirds, and a fainter one on the tornus hardly before it. The apical area has blackish reflections. The hindwings are bluish grey.
# Abumonbazi Nature Reserve

The Abumonbazi Nature Reserve is a protected area situated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with a total area of 5,726.10 km$^2$.
# Brđani, Novi Pazar

Brđani is a village situated in Novi Pazar municipality in Serbia.