OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centre of West African Studies

Centre of West African Studies (CWAS) is a division of the School of Historical Studies at the University of Birmingham, England. The centre provides teaching and research into issues of African development, culture, anthropology, sociology, politics, history, and the legacies of the African diaspora, particularly in the UK, the Caribbean, and North America.
CWAS offers undergraduate and postgraduate study programmes in a number of Africa-related fields.
It is home to the John Fage Library, which houses the CWAS Archives and Electronic Music Database, and the Danford Collection, a unique collection of priceless African artifacts and cultural products.

## History

The Centre was founded in 1963 by John Fage, a scholar of African (particularly Ghanaian) history, who during his career wrote several seminal works on the history of the African continent, including History of Africa (now in its 4th edition), Africa Discovers Her Past, and Ghana: A Historical Interpretation, which developed out of a series of lectures Sir John Cabot read at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956. The Danford Collection evolved from a collection of African cultural artifacts that were brought to the UK by a British civil servant after his posting in West Africa, and has been expanded over time.

## Scholars in residence

* Prof. Karin Barber
* Dr. Stewart Brown
* Dr. Lynne Brydon
* Dr. Reginald Cline-Cole
* Dr. Insa Nolte
* Dr. Keith Shear
# Ceratosebacina

Ceratosebacina is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. The genus, which includes three species found in Europe, was circumscribed in 1993.
# Ceromitia spilodesma

Ceromitia spilodesma is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It is found in South Africa.
# Ceromitia stathmodes

Ceromitia stathmodes is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It is known from South Africa.
# Chain Lake (Michigan)

Chain Lake is a large pond or small lake in Mackinac County near St. Ignace in the U.S. state of Michigan at an elevation of 600 feet (180 m). The lake is served by Interstate 75, which provides a rest area and lake overlook for southbound drivers at mile 346. The lake is also served by the North Country Trail, running in concurrence with the St. Ignace-Trout Lake Trail. This trail uses the right-of-way abandoned by a spur line of the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, a logging-era railroad that helped remove most of the old-growth timber from around the lake. Second-growth woodland surrounding the small sheet of water is owned by the private sector and by Hiawatha National Forest.
The lake is noted for rock bass, bullhead, sunfish, sucker, largemouth bass, perch, and northern pike. In winter seasons with suitable weather conditions it can be used to play pond hockey. It may be named for being part of a "chain" of streams and lakes that offered alternative canoe passage from St. Ignace westward. Although the eastern tip of the lake is less than 1 mile from Lake Huron, it drains down the Moran River and through Freschette Lake into West Moran Bay in Lake Michigan.
# Central reservation (disambiguation)

Central reservation or central reservations may also refer to:
* Central reservation, the area separating opposing lanes of traffic on a divided road
* Central Reservation (album), a 1999 album by Beth Orton
* "Central Reservation" (song), a 1999 song by Beth Orton
* Central Reservations, a 1997 compilation album from Grand Central Records
* Central Reservations Office, a call center for hotel reservations
# Chakhrukhadze

Chakhrukhadze (Georgian: ჩახრუხაძე) was a Georgian poet of the late 12th/early 13th century traditionally credited to have written Tamariani (თამარიანი), a collection of twenty two odes and one elegy praising, often deifying Queen Tamar of Georgia (r. 1184-1213). The poet is identified with the certain layman Grigol Chakhrukhadze whose survived testament unveils the author's desire to retire to the Georgian Monastery of the Holy Cross at Jerusalem. According to later accounts, Chakhurkhadze was native to Georgia's northeastern mountainous area of Khevi and served as a secretary to the queen Tamar.
Based upon a new, pentasyllabic, verse-form (chakhrukhauli), Chakhrukhadze's poetry is remarkable for musicality and linguistic virtuosity, using masterly rhymed adjectives to eulogize Tamar.
# Double gate

Double gate or double gates is generally a pair of gates which open together. It may also refer to the following:
* One set of the Huldah Gates, a pair of sealed Gates of the Al Aqsa Compound.
* Multigate device, a type of transistor
* A type of locking mechanism in some carabiners
Two gates or Twin gates gate may refer to:
* Two gate chips, a type of integrated circuit
* Two Gates of Sleep, a 2010 film
* Twin Gate, a 2010 album by Exist Trace
* Open the Twin Gate Championship, a wrestling title
# ...So Good Afternoon

... So Good Afternoon is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. The relatively short album features many tracks which would be later re-recorded for other albums. It was intended primarily as a compilation to sell at their live shows.

## Personnel

* Jimmy Newquist – vocals, bass, guitar
* Jason Gilardi – drums, percussion
* Mark Haugh – guitar
* Luis Moral – bass (Listed, but did not record. He joined briefly after the recording.)
Production
* Produced by Dan Calderone and Caroline's Spine
* All music and lyrics by James P. Newqust
* Music published by Archaic Music (BMI)
* Recorded & mixed at Anza Digital, San Diego, CA in July 1994.
* Engineered by Dan Calderone & Joe Statt
* Layout & design by Joe Statt
* Photography by Jim Newquist, Elizabeth Capps, Jeff Taylor, Mark Haugh & Lori Statt
# Abelian Lie group

In geometry, an abelian Lie group is a Lie group that is an abelian group.
A connected abelian real Lie group is isomorphic to $\mathbb {R} ^{k}\times (S^{1})^{h}$. In particular, a connected abelian (real) compact Lie group is a torus; i.e., a Lie group isomorphic to $(S^{1})^{h}$. A connected complex Lie group that is a compact group is abelian and a connected compact complex Lie group is a complex torus; i.e., a quotient of $\mathbb {\mathbb {C} } ^{n}$ by a lattice.
Let A be a compact abelian Lie group with the identity component $A_{0}$. If $A/A_{0}$ is a cyclic group, then $A$ is topologically cyclic; i.e., has an element that generates a dense subgroup. (In particular, a torus is topologically cyclic.)
# De Graft (crater)

De Graft is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2009, after Ghanaian playwright, poet, and novelist Joe de Graft.
Much of the floor of de Graft is covered in hollows.
De Graft is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.
# Aristebulea principis

Aristebulea principis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1968. It is found in Fujian, China.
# Anelaphus yucatecus

Anelaphus yucatecus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Noguera in 2003.
# Alex Moore

Alex or Alexander Moore may refer to:
* Alex Moore (dancer) (1901–1991), pioneer of modern ballroom dancing
* Alex Moore (footballer) (1918–1989), Australian footballer for Collingwood
* Alex Moore (rugby union) (born 1963), Scottish rugby player
* Alex Moore (wrestler) (born 1997), Canadian amateur wrestler
* Alex Moore (American football) (born 1945), American football player
* Alexander Pollock Moore (1867–1930), American diplomat, editor and publisher
* Alexander Moore (politician) (1874–1952), Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, 1919–1926
* Whistlin' Alex Moore (1899–1989), American blues pianist
* Alex Moore, singer/songwriter, lead guitarist for The Lathums
* Alexander Moore (soldier) (1830–1910), Irish-American soldier
# Anglican Province of Owerri

The Anglican Province of Owerri is one of the 14 ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises 12 dioceses:
* Okigwe South (Bishop:David Onuoha)
* Owerri (Bishop: Chukwuma Oparah)
* Orlu (Bishop: Benjamin Chinedum Okeke)
* Mbaise (Bishop: Chamberlain Chinedu Ogunedo)
* Isi Mbano (Bishop: Godson Udochukwu Ukanwa)
* Ideato (Bishop: Henry Okeke)
* Egbu (Bishop: Geoffrey Okoroafor)
* Ohaji/Egbema (Bishop: Chidi Collins Oparaojiaku)
* On the Lake (Bishop: Chijioke Oti)
* Oru (Bishop: Geoffrey Chukwunenye)
* Okigwe (Bishop: Edward Osuegbu)
* Ikeduru (Bishop: Emmanuel Maduwike)

## Archbishops of the Province

* Bennett Okoro, Bishop of Orlu (re-elected 2007)
* 2020–present: David Onuoha, Bishop of Okigwe
# Bruce Bugbee

Bruce Bugbee is an American scientist. His work includes research into space farming with NASA and at Utah State University, where he is the Director of the Crop Physiology Laboratory.

## Academic career

Bugbee is the Director of the Crop Physiology Laboratory at Utah State University in their Plants, Soils & Climate Department. He is also the President of Apogee Instruments. He was named a Fellow of the American Society of Agronomy in 2018. Bugbee has also provided TEDx Talks on his work, and has been awarded the Utah Governor’s Medal for Science and Technology.

## Research

Bruce Bugbee has studied recirculating hydroponics since the 1980s and has used the principles to create self-sustaining ecosystems. He has focused his study of hydroponics partially on use for long-term space missions. In his work on developing crop sustainability for long-term space missions, Bugbee additionally focuses on nutritional needs for space explorers, determining how many different crops would be needed to sustain life. He also states that gravity is needed in order for plants to grow properly.
Bugbee has worked with NASA in his research on regenerative systems and the effects of microgravity on plants. He first began working with NASA upon his arrival at Utah State University in 1981. He was a part of the team to first grow crops on the International Space Station. This work has expanded to include lettuce and radishes. Bugbee’s work with NASA also includes the development of crop growing systems for future life on the Moon and Mars in addition to in orbit or in space shuttles.
When the film The Martian was released in 2015, Bugbee supported the idea that crops could be grown on Mars using similar methods to those used in the book and movie so long as proper composting methods were utilized. He has worked on projects for Mars farming including the use of fiber optics for indoor lighting. As a part of this research, Bugbee was involved in the 2017 creation of the $15 million Space Technology Research Institute "Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space."
Bugbee has been a critic of the use of indoor farming as a means of solving food shortages, citing concerns about the large amount of electricity needed to provide light for photosynthesis. His work in this area has included studies into the efficacy of LED lights for indoor growing. In 2018, he was a part of a project on reducing the energy costs of indoor farming that received a $5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative.

## Personal life

Bugbee is married to his wife Diana West and lives in the Crockett House (Logan, Utah), a home registered in the National Register of Historic Places, where the two have developed a garden that is used for community events and parties. Co-authored with his wife, he has published a book that covers photography from each of the annual gardens since 1982.
# DeWayne Keeter

DeWayne Keeter (October 15, 1944 – May 3, 1975) was an American dirt-track and motorcycle speedway rider. He earned 2 caps for the United States national speedway team.

## Career

Involved in motorcycle racing since the mid-1960s, Keeter had raced in speedway in the United States for only around six months before signing for Leicester Lions in 1969, becoming the first American rider to compete in the British League. Shortly before making his debut for Lions he was seriously injured in a crash that resulted in five broken ribs, a punctured lung, and concussion, but despite this he averaged close to five points per match, including a paid maximum score.
After the 1969 season he returned to the United States where he continued to compete in dirt track racing, also riding in speedway in Australia in the early 1970s.
Keeter was critically injured in a crash at Ascot Park in California on May 1, 1975, dying two days later aged 30.
# De libero arbitrio

De libero arbitrio may refer to:
* De libero arbitrio voluntatis of Augustine of Hippo
* Lorenzo Valla's Dialogue on Free Will
* De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio of Erasmus of Rotterdam
# De Regno

De Regno may refer to:
* De Regno (Synesius) - 4th Century Speech by Synesius
* De Regno, to the King of Cyprus - 1267 Work by Thomas Aquinas
# Deadwater (topography)

A deadwater is that part of an estuary through which there is little to no water flow.
In situations where a river flow is weaker than the marine processes that build sand dunes, the river may be obstructed from flowing into the sea by the formation of a sand dune; that is, a sandbar. In such cases the river will often form an elongated estuary in the swales of the dune. When river flow increases, or once the estuary has built up a large mass of water, it breaches the sandbar and flows out to the ocean. If this breach occurs at the farthest end of the estuary from the river inflow, then water must flow through the whole length of the estuary in order to reach the sea. Thus the entire estuary is flushed, and there is no deadwater. On the other hand, if the breach occurs near the river inflow, then most of the estuary will not be flushed by the flow of the river into the sea, resulting in a large deadwater.
# Dayin, Hebei

Dayin (Chinese: 大因; pinyin: Dàyīn) is a town in Xushui County in central Hebei province, China, located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the county seat, opposite G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway, and around twice that north-northeast of downtown Baoding. As of 2011, it has 25 villages under its administration.
# 2019 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg

The Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg is a competition featured at the 2019 European Wrestling Championships, and was held in Bucharest, Romania on April 12 and April 13.

## Medalists

| Gold | Rıza Kayaalp Turkey |
| Silver | Iakob Kajaia Georgia |
| Bronze | Sergey Semenov Russia |
| Bronze | Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu Romania |

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall

### Final

| Final | Final |
| Iakob Kajaia (GEO) | 0 |
| Rıza Kayaalp (TUR) | 3 |

### Top half

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| Iakob Kajaia (GEO) | 8 | | | | |
| Tuomas Lahti (FIN) | 0 | | | | |
| | | Iakob Kajaia (GEO) | 9 | | |
| | | Rafał Krajewski (POL) | 0 | | |
| Romas Fridrikas (LTU) | 2 | | | | |
| Rafał Krajewski (POL) | 3 | | | | |
| | | | | Iakob Kajaia (GEO) | 3 |
| | | | | Sergey Semenov (RUS) | 2 |
| David Ovasapyan (ARM) | 0 | | | | |
| Sergey Semenov (RUS) | 5 | | | | |
| | | Sergey Semenov (RUS) | 9 | | |
| | | Miloslav Metodiev (BUL) | 0 | | |
| Oskar Marvik (NOR) | 2 | | | | |
| Miloslav Metodiev (BUL) | 3 | | | | |

### Bottom half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Eduard Popp (GER) | 3 | | | | |
| | | Heiki Nabi (EST) | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | Heiki Nabi (EST) | 1 | | |
| | | | | Ioseb Chugoshvili (BLR) | 1 | | |
| | | Oleksandr Chernetskyi (UKR) | 1 | | | | |
| | | Ioseb Chugoshvili (BLR) | 3 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Heiki Nabi (EST) | 0 |
| | | | | | | Rıza Kayaalp (TUR) | 4 |
| | | Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu (ROU) | 2 | | | | |
| | | Bálint Lám (HUN) | 0 | | | | |
| | | | | Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu (ROU) | 0 | | |
| Sabah Shariati (AZE) | 7 | | | Rıza Kayaalp (TUR) | 5 | | |
| Štěpán David (CZE) | 1 | Sabah Shariati (AZE) | 0 | | | | |
| Ante Milković (CRO) | 0 | Rıza Kayaalp (TUR) | 5 | | | | |
| Rıza Kayaalp (TUR) | 5$^F$ | | | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Repechage round 2 | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| | | Tuomas Lahti (FIN) | 2 | Tuomas Lahti (FIN) | 0 |
| | | Rafał Krajewski (POL) | 1 | Sergey Semenov (RUS) | 4 |
| Ante Milković (CRO) | 2 | Sabah Shariati (AZE) | 2 | Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu (ROU) | 1 |
| Sabah Shariati (AZE) | 10 | Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu (ROU) | 0 | Heiki Nabi (EST) | 1 |
# December 1920 Bolivian legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Bolivia in December 1920 to elect a new National Congress. They followed the coup d'état that prevented the Congress elected in May 1920 from taking office.

## Results

Seats :
| Party | Party | Chamber | Senate |
| | Republican Party | 60 | 16 |
| | Socialist Party | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 63 | 16 |
| Source: Cáceres ||||

### Elected Senators

* Antonio L. Velasco, PR (Béni)
* Maximiano Arce, PR (Béni)
* Domingo L. Ramírez, PR (Chuquisaca)
* Román Paz, PR (Chuquisaca)
* José Q. Mdendoza, PR (Cochabamba)
* Carlos Salamanca, PR (Cochabamba)
* Francisco Iraizós, PR (La Paz)
* Abel Iturralde, PR (La Paz)
* León M. Loza, PR (Oruro)
* Daniel Salamanca, PR (Oruro)
* José Paravicini, PR (Potosi)
* Severo Fernández Alonso, PR (Potosí)
* Ignacio Justiniano, PR (Santa Cruz)
* Pablo E. Roca, PR (Santa Cruz)
* Julio Lema, PR (Tarija)
* José R. Estenssoro, PR (Tarija)

## Aftermath

On 24 January 1921 the National Congress elected Bautista Saavedra President of the Republic. On 31 January Congress elected Luis Paz Vice-President.
Presidential election :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Bautista Saavedra | Republican Party | 47 | 97.92 |
| | Daniel Salamanca Urey | Republican Party | 1 | 2.08 |
| Total | Total | Total | 48 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 48 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 79 | 60.76 |
Vice-Presidential election :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Luis Paz | Republican Party | 41 | 74.55 |
| | José Q. Mendoza | Republican Party | 12 | 21.82 |
| | José Manuel Ramírez | Republican Party | 1 | 1.82 |
| | Román Paz | Republican Party | 1 | 1.82 |
| Total | Total | Total | 55 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 55 | 82.09 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 12 | 17.91 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 67 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 79 | 84.81 |
# Decatonic scale

A decatonic scale is a ten note musical scale. If the notes are ordered, a decatonic set has 3,628,800 permutations, however, in twelve tone equal temperament only six unordered ten note sets exist, 10-1—10-6:
* Play 10-1 (all pitch classes but t & e)
* Play 10-2 (all but 9 & e)
* Play 10-3 (all but 8 & e)
* Play 10-4 (all but 7 & e)
* Play 10-5 (all but 6 & e)
* Play 10-6 (all but 5 & e)
Given that two of the notes from the chromatic scale are missing and only two whole tones are possible, all 10-note scales are cohemitonic scales.
The four-semitone tritone scale (set 10-6) is a decatonic scale consisting of four semitones, a whole tone, four semitones, and a whole tone (four semitones a tritone apart): 0,1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10. This may be related to the seven notes of the diatonic scale as, "1 ♭2 ♮2 ♭3 ♮3 ♯4 ♮5 ♭6 ♮6 ♭7," and thus spelled, on C, as C, D♭, D♮, E♭, E♮, F♯, G, A♭, A♮, B♭. This is a mode of Olivier Messiaen's seventh mode of limited transposition; it has six transpositions, like the tritone, and five modes (the same pitch classes with C, D♭, D, E♭, or E taken as the first scale step or tonic). This allows a dominant seventh chord to be built upon the tonic and a seventh sharp nine chord, and allows the tonic chord to have an altered ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth factors. However, pitch sets containing more than seven notes become increasingly similar to each other.
A decatonic scale that has been used or considered by Kyle Gann and La Monte Young in 13-limit just intonation is 1/1, 12/11, 32/27, 9/7, 4/3, 132/91, 3/2, 18/11, 16/9, 176/91, and 2/1. Play
# 2018 Nordic Naturals Challenger – Doubles

Jonathan Erlich and Neal Skupski were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Erlich partnered Ruan Roelofse but lost in the first round to Thanasi Kokkinakis and Matt Reid. Skupski partnered Luke Bambridge but lost in the semifinals to Kokkinakis and Reid.
Kokkinakis and Reid won the title after defeating Jonny O'Mara and Joe Salisbury 6–2, 4–6, [10–8] in the final.

## Seeds

* Jonny O'Mara / Joe Salisbury (final)
* Luke Bambridge / Neal Skupski (semifinals)
* Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan / Purav Raja (quarterfinals)
* Jonathan Erlich / Ruan Roelofse (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J O'Mara J Salisbury | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Galloway R Maytín | 3 | 2 | | 1 | J O'Mara J Salisbury | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Fabbiano L Saville | 6$^5$ | 5 | | WC | C Eubanks H Reese | 6$^2$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | C Eubanks H Reese | 7$^7$ | 7 | | | | | | 1 | J O'Mara J Salisbury | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Nedunchezhiyan P Raja | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | M Polmans M Purcell | 1 | 1 | | | | | | |
| WC | H Johnson Y Johnson | 2 | 4 | | 3 | J Nedunchezhiyan P Raja | 6$^5$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Polmans M Purcell | 3 | 7$^7$ | [12] | | M Polmans M Purcell | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | JP Fruttero D Novikov | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 1 | J O'Mara J Salisbury | 2 | 6 | [8] |
| Q | JC Aragone Ma Redlicki | 6$^3$ | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | T Kokkinakis M Reid | 6 | 4 | [10] |
| | H Hach Verdugo A Siljeström | 7$^7$ | 1 | [10] | | H Hach Verdugo A Siljeström | 6$^8$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Kokkinakis M Reid | 3 | 6 | [10] | | T Kokkinakis M Reid | 7$^{10}$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Erlich R Roelofse | 6 | 2 | [7] | | | | | | T Kokkinakis M Reid | 3 | 7 | [10] | | | | | |
| | L Harris M Safwat | 6 | 2 | [8] | | | | | 2 | L Bambridge N Skupski | 6 | 5 | [6] | | | | | |
| | E King N Pasha | 3 | 6 | [10] | | E King N Pasha | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K King F Martin | 6 | 2 | [5] | 2 | L Bambridge N Skupski | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | L Bambridge N Skupski | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |