OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Determination (film)

Determination is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Joseph Levering and starring Maurice Costello.

## Cast

* Alpheus Lincoln as John Morton Jr. / James Melvale
* Corene Uzzell as Madge Daley
* Irene Tams as Lucky
* Maurice Costello as Putnam
* Walter Ringham as Lord Warburton
* Gene Burnell as Frances Lloyd
* Mabel Allen as Lady Dalton
* Byron Russell as Lord Dalton
* Nina Herbert as Whitechapel Mary
* Charles Ascot as Dopefiend
* Hayden Stevenson as Sport Smiler
* Bernard Randall
* Louis Wolheim

## Preservation

With no prints of Determination located in any film archives, it is considered a lost film.
# 1845 in India

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events in the year 1845 in India.

## Events

* 1st Sikh War, 1845–46.
* Grant Medical College opened in Bombay

## Law

* Meriah Sacrifices Act
* Governor General Act

## Deaths

* Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim, poet (born 1811).
# Al-Fils fort

Al-Fils fort is a fort in Seiyun, Yemen.
# Aureobasidium

Aureobasidium is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Dothioraceae.
The genus was first described by Pierre Viala and Gaston Boyer in 1891.

## Species

The genus contains 26 species:
* Aureobasidium aleuritis (Vassiljevsky) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium apocryptum (Ellis & Everh.) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium dalgeri (M.Morelet) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium harposporum (Bres. & Sacc.) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium indicum A.Pande & Ghate
* Aureobasidium iranianum Arzanlou & Khodaei
* Aureobasidium khasianum J.Pratibha & Prabhug.
* Aureobasidium leucospermi Crous
* Aureobasidium lilii Crişan & Hodişan
* Aureobasidium mangrovei S.Nasr
* Aureobasidium melanogenum (Herm.-Nijh.) Zalar, Gostinčar & Gunde-Cim.
* Aureobasidium microstictum (Bubák) W.B.Cooke
* Aureobasidium namibiae (Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim.) Zalar, Gostinčar & Gunde-Cim.
* Aureobasidium nigrum (Marpmann) Cif. & Dalla Torre
* Aureobasidium pini C.M.Tian & N.Jiang
* Aureobasidium proteae (Joanne E.Taylor & Crous) Joanne E.Taylor & Crous
* Aureobasidium prunicola (Ellis & Everh.) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) G.Arnaud
* Aureobasidium ribis (Vassiljevsky) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium sanguinariae (Ellis & Everh.) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium subglaciale (Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim.) Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim.
* Aureobasidium thailandense S.W.Peterson, Manitch. & Leathers
* Aureobasidium thujae-plicatae M.Morelet
* Aureobasidium tremulum Inamdar, Roh.Sharma & Adhapure
* Aureobasidium umbellulariae (J.M.Harv.) Herm.-Nijh.
* Aureobasidium vaccinii Richiţ. & Teodoru
# Amaurobius asuncionis

Amaurobius asuncionis is a species of spider in the family Amaurobiidae, found in Paraguay.
# Drummond Tobacco Company

The Drummond Tobacco Company was an American tobacco company in St. Louis, Missouri.

## History

The company was founded in 1873, when it started making Chesterfield cigarettes. Its headquarters in St. Louis was designed by architect Isaac S. Taylor in 1885. The company later also produced Horseshoe brand chewing tobacco. It was acquired by the American Tobacco Company in 1898.
# Energomash Stadium

The Salyut Stadium (Russian: Стадион Энергомаш) is a multi-purpose stadium in Belgorod, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Salyut Belgorod. The stadium holds 11,456 people. It is located in the center of Belgorod near the bus stop "Stadion". Renovated in 1999. Designed for football.
# Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un

Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un, is an historical, gambling card game that was widespread in France and Germany during the 17th and 18th centuries. As a relative of Brag and Poch, from which the game of Poker developed, it is of cultural-historical interest.
The game is also called Les Trois Jeux ("The Three Games") or, in German, Dreisatz ("Triple Stake") or Belle, Fluss und Einunddreißig ("Belle, Flush and Thirty One"). Meanwhile Parlett records it as Best, Flush and Thirty-One.

## Rules

The following rules are taken from Lacombe (1800):

### Overview

The game is played by two to twelve players with a pack of 52 French playing cards; in addition three coin dishes are needed for the three stakes. Before the start of the game, players agree how many deals or how long they will play for. Then each player puts an agreed amount of money into each of the three baskets (paniers).
Like Poch, Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un is a compound game of 3 parts, hence the names Dreisatz ("Triple Stake") and Les Trois Jeux ("The Three Games").

### Belle

Once the stakes have been placed, each player is dealt 2 cards, face down, and 1 card, face up. The player who has the highest upcard, the so-called Belle, wins the first deal and the contents of the first basket.
The ranking of the cards is as in Écarté with the Ace between the Jack and Ten:
    King – Queen – Jack – Ace – Ten – Nine – ... – Two
If two or more tie with the highest cards, there is no winner and the stakes remain in the basket for the next deal.

### Flux

In the second deal, Flux, the winner is the player who has the highest-value flush. A flush is a hand of three cards of the same suit. In this phase, the Ace is the highest card.
If two or more players have a flush, the card points are added and the highest-value flush wins. For this, the Aces counts as 11 points, the court cards 10 each, and the pip cards score from 2 to 9 depending on their natural value. If there is a tie, or if no player has a flush, the stakes remain in the basket for the next game.
Unlike the game of Poch, there is no betting on the highest combination, as subsequently became typical for Poker. There is also no option to bluff.

### Trente-Un

Finally, in the third deal each player attempts, by exchanging cards if necessary, to score 31 points, or to get as close to 31 points as possible (c.f. Vingt-et-Un, and the third round of Brag). The player who comes closest to 31, wins the contents of the third basket. If there is a tie, the stake is carried forward to the next deal.
The modern casino game of Black Jack was developed from this contract via Trente-et-Un and Vingt-et-Un.
# John Robethon

John Robethon, originally Jean Robethon (died 1722) was a French Huguenot diplomat naturalised English. He served as secretary to William III and to George I of Great Britain.

## Life

Robethon was born at Authon-du-Perche, north-west France, into a Calvinist family. He is said to have joined the service of King William III when Prince of Orange only. He came to England about 1689, and was naturalised in 1693, being employed by William III, at first in a humble capacity. In 1693 he acted as secretary to Baron Schütz, the Hanoverian envoy in London. Afterwards he passed into the service of the Earl of Portland who, when ambassador to Paris in 1698, took Robethon with him.
In September 1698, Robethon became private secretary to William III. Among William's correspondents, Robethon made an important contact in George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, who visited England in 1701. On William's death in 1702, Robethon transferred his services to the Duke, who died in 1705. Robethon then was employed by his son-in-law, George Lewis, the future George I of Great Britain.
Robethon held the threads of an extended European correspondence. The leading Whigs in England kept themselves in touch with the House of Brunswick, and the letters from the Elector's family to their supporters in England were drafted by Robethon. The Duke of Marlborough paid him well for information on the intrigues of Louis XIV at the court of Saxony. Robethon also worked to assist Marlborough in neutralising Charles XII of Sweden, and undermining overtures Louis made to the allies in 1707. He was well informed about the Old Pretender. Worldly, adept and well briefed on English politicians, Robethon had influence with George I, though not with the ladies of the court.
In 1714 Robethon accompanied George I to England, as secretary and counsellor, but was not easily accepted. Sunderland used him and Bothmer in 1716 to split the king from Robert Walpole, who disliked Robethon. Before the return of Walpole to power, Robethon's influence waned.
Robethon made the first French translation of Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism (in verse), which was published in Amsterdam and London in 1717. In 1721 he was appointed governor of the French La Providence Hospital in east London. He died in London on 14 April 1722.

## Legacy

Some of Robethon's correspondence was in 11 volumes of Hanoverian letters with the Stowe MSS., now in the British Library. The collection was formed around the Electress Sophia's papers, which were entrusted to Robethon by George I on his mother's death in 1714. They were later sold by the executors of the secretary's son, Colonel Robethon, in 1752, to Matthew Duane, and while in his hands were seen by James Macpherson. They were subsequently purchased by Thomas Astle, and in 1803 by the Marquess of Buckingham.

## Family

Robethon married Claudine Maxwell, nicknamed "Madame Grenouille", in 1703; she survived him. They had a son, George William Frederick. The couple seem to have had pensions from both George I and his son.
# Dhargaloon

Dhargloon (also spelled as Dargaloon or Dhargalon) is a village, located in Mendhar Tehsil of Poonch district in Indian administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Its district headquarters are located in Poonch and administrative units in "Mendhar"(temporarily). This village comes under the "Balakote" block which is its local administrative unit. The village is located close the border with Pakistan and is largely influenced by the border forces. Residents of Dhargaloon staged a protest in May 2017 because of water and power shortages.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Dhargaloon has 1,062 households. The literacy rate of Dhargaloon was 70.20% compared to 67.16% of Jammu and Kashmir. In Dhargaloon, Male literacy stands at 81.12% while the female literacy rate was 60.07%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 6005 | 2952 | 3053 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 988 | 537 | 451 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1418 | 701 | 717 |
| Literacy | 70.20% | 81.12% | 60.07% |
| Workers (all) | 2669 | 1307 | 1362 |
| Main workers (all) | 739 | – | – |
| Marginal workers (total) | 1930 | 823 | 1107 |

## Transportation
### Air

Poonch Airport is a non-operational airstrip in the district headquarters Poonch. The nearest airport is Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport in Srinagar, located 175 kilometres from Dhargaloon.

### Rail

There is no railway connectivity to Dhargaloon. There are plans to construct a Jammu–Poonch line which will connect Jammu with Poonch with railways. The nearest major railway station is Jammu Tawi railway station located 191 kilometres from Dhargaloon.

### Road

The village is well-connected to other places in Jammu and Kashmir and India by the NH 144A and other intra-district roads.
# 1845 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1845 in Germany.

## Incumbents

* King of Bavaria – Ludwig I
* King of Hanover – Ernest Augustus
* King of Prussia – Frederick William IV
* King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus II

## Events

* March 13 – The Violin Concerto by Felix Mendelssohn premieres in Leipzig, with Ferdinand David as soloist.
* October 19 – Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser debuts at the Dresden Royal Court Theater.

### Date unknown

* Friedrich Engels' treatise The Condition of the Working Class in England is published in Leipzig as Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England. convincing Marx that the working class could be the agent and instrument of the final revolution in history.
* Heinrich Hoffmann publishes a book (Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder), introducing his character, Struwwelpeter, in Germany.

## Births

* January 7 – King Ludwig III of Bavaria (d. 1921)
* March 3 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
* March 27 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)

## Deaths

* May 12- August Wilhelm Schlegel, German poet, translator and critic (b. 1767)
* July 12-Friedrich Ludwig Persius, German architect (b. 1803)
# Al Hunter

Al Hunter may refer to:
* Al Hunter (writer), Anishinaabe writer
* Al Hunter (American football) (Alfonse Hunter, born 1955), American football player
* Al Hunter (singer) (Alan Keith Hunter), New Zealand singer-songwriter
# Amblyseiulella baltazarae

Amblyseiulella baltazarae is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
It was first described in 1995 by Corpuz-Raros.
# Drummond baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Drummond, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.
The Drummond, later Williams-Drummond Baronetcy, of Hawthornden in the City of Edinburgh, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 February 1828. For more information on this creation, see Williams-Drummond baronets.
The Drummond Baronetcy, of Lasswade in the County of Midlothian, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 June 1922 for Hugh Drummond. He was the third son of the fourth Baronet of the 1828 creation. The title became extinct on his death in 1924.

## Drummond, later Williams-Drummond baronets, of Hawthornden (1828)

* see Williams-Drummond baronets

## Drummond baronets, of Lasswade (1922)

* Sir Hugh Henry John Drummond, 1st Baronet (1859–1924) married Gertrude Emily (Lady Drummond), daughter of the late Hon. Mark George Kerr Rolle, and had issue:
** Marion Edwina (born 1902), married on 1928 Julius Norton Goodwyn.
# Eno, Finland

Eno is a former municipality of Finland, now part of Joensuu. It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Karelia region. The municipality had a population of 6,764 (as of January 1, 2006) and covered an area of 1,088.25 km$^2$ of which 149.30 km$^2$ was water. The population density was 6.2 inhabitants per km$^2$.
Eno railway station is the first station north of Joensuu on the railway between Joensuu and Nurmes.
The municipality was unilingually Finnish. The name Eno comes from the Karelian word, which means the center of the river, where the water flows most strongly. The beaver of the coat of arms on the triple hill refers to Majoinvaara in Eno, and the ax carried on its shoulder symbolizes deforestation and forestry. The coat of arms was designed by Ahti Hammar and approved by Eno's municipal council at its meeting on November 22, 1954. The coat of arms was approved for use by the Ministry of the Interior on April 15, 1955.
Eno was consolidated with Joensuu on January 1, 2009.

## Notable people

* Kari Tykkyläinen (born 1953), sculptor and video artist
# Belkıs Akkale

Belkıs Akkale (born 17 May 1954) is a Turkish folk music singer.

## Discography
### 45rpms

* Seni Allah Verdi Kimse Alamaz / Aşk Mahkumu (Altunç-1972)
* Boş Beşik / Gözüm Kapıda Kaldı (Ümit-1973)
* İnsan Sevdiğine Kardeş Mi Der / Kızılırmak (Ümit-1974)
* Sevdiğime Pişman Oldum / Gizli Bir Aşk (Mevsim-1974)
* Sahte Sevda / Zorla Güzellik Olmaz (Harman-19xx)
* Füsun / Güzel Sana Güle Güle (Harman-19xx)
* Bir Kadeh Susuz Rakı / Meyhaneler Oldu Benim En Son Durağım (Füsun-19xx)

### Albums

* 1977 Kaldır Nikabını (Özaydın)
* 1978 Gam Elinden (Kervan)
* 1980 Dostlara Selam (Yağmur)
* 1982 Dadey (Yağmur)
* 1983 Sağolun (Yağmur)
* 1984 Türkü Türkü Türkiyem 1 (Sembol)
* 1985 Türkü Türkü Türkiyem 2 (Sembol)
* 1986 Güvercinim (Midas)
* 1988 Nerdesin (Midas)
* 1989 Gönül Telinden-1 (Midas)
* 1991 91'e Merhaba (Midas)
* 1991 Türküler Bizden Dinlemek Sizden with Hülya Süer and Güler Duman (Bonus)
* 1992 Ayrılığı Türkülere Sor/Yemen Yolu (Güvercin)
* 1992 Kaynana / Vay Bana (Raks)
* 1992 Ezgi Şöleni 2 with İzzet Altınmeşe (Ulus Müzik)
* 1993 Seher Bülbülü (Dünya)
* 1994 Ezgi Şöleni with İzzet Altınmeşe (Ulus Müzik)
* 1994 Ben de Yoruldum (Ulus Müzik)
* 1994 Geri Gelmiyor / Al Yanaklım (ASM)
* 1996 Seher Yıldızı with Arif Sağ (Güvercin)
* 1999 Barış Türküsü (Güvercin)
* 2000 Özlenenler, Vol. 1 (A1 Müzik)
* 2009 Nağmeger / Kaldır Mihrabını (Anadolu)
* 2014 Türküler Bizi Anlatır - 1 / Teberik (Buz)

## Filmography

| Film | Year | Role |
| Kara Diken | 1986 | Nazo |
| Güvercinim | 1986 | Elif |
| Gelin Oy | 1986 | Hatice |
| Tırpan | 1987 | Ayşe Bacı |
| Tapulu Irgat | 1987 | |
| Sultan | 1987 | Sultan |
| Gölet | 1987 | |
| Azap | 1987 | |
| Ana Yüreği | 1987 | Fatma |
# John O'Grady (referee)

John O'Grady (1940 – 1 July 2023) was an Irish hurling referee.
Born in Mungret, County Limerick, O'Grady first played hurling with Young Irelands and Gaelic football with the Commercials club in Limerick. He later played with the Mungret/St Paul's club and was part of the team that won the Limerick JHC title after a defeat of Bruff in 1969.
O'Grady was just 18 years old when he first became involved in refereeing. His first refereeing engagement was a tournament game between Patrickswell and Ballybrown. O'Grady was later added to the provincial and national panel of referees. He famously sent off Cork's Denis Coughlan in the 1972 Munster final, however, his decision was later rescinded with O'Grady writing him an apology. He also refereed the 1977 All-Ireland final between Cork and Wexford.
O'Grady died on 1 July 2023, at the age of 83.
# 2013 Aspria Tennis Cup – Trofeo CDI – Doubles

Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.
Marco Crugnola and Daniele Giorgini won the final against Alex Bolt and Peng Hsien-yin 4–6, 7–5, [10–8].

## Seeds

* Marin Draganja / Franko Škugor (semifinals)
* Alex Bolt / Peng Hsien-yin (final)
* Andrey Golubev / Yuri Schukin (withdrew)
* Alessandro Motti / Matteo Volante (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Draganja F Škugor | 7$^8$ | 2 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Androić A Martin | 6$^6$ | 6 | [6] | 1 | M Draganja F Škugor | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Alessandro Petrone Riccardo Sinicropi | 6 | 6 | | | A Petrone R Sinicropi | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Gianmarco Amico Alessandro Busca | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | 1 | M Draganja F Škugor | 3 | 6 | [7] | | | | | |
| 4 | A Motti Matteo Volante | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | WC | M Crugnola D Giorgini | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | |
| | MÁ López Jaén Jordi Marsé-Vidri | 6 | 4 | [7] | 4 | A Motti M Volante | 4 | 6 | [3] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Ciumac I Sergeyev | 1 | 2 | | WC | M Crugnola D Giorgini | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Crugnola D Giorgini | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | WC | M Crugnola D Giorgini | 4 | 7 | [10] |
| | J Cluskey T Pütz | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | A Bolt H-y Peng | 6 | 5 | [8] |
| | G Durán A Molteni | 7 | 6 | | | G Durán A Molteni | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Arnaboldi S Vagnozzi | 6 | 6 | [6] | | A Arnaboldi S Vagnozzi | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | N Langer M Teixeira | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | G Durán A Molteni | 6$^1$ | 2 | | | | | | |
| | T Daniel H-h Lee | 7 | 1 | [8] | | | | | | 2 | A Bolt H-y Peng | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | |
| | R Gonzalez Chris Letcher | 5 | 6 | [10] | | R Gonzales C Letcher | 2 | 6 | [2] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | JC Campozano DS Schwartzman | w/o | | | 2 | A Bolt H-y Peng | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Bolt H-y Peng | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Dharhara

Dharhara may refer to:
* Dharhara, Bhagalpur, in Bhagalpur district of Bihar, India
* Dharhara (community development block), in Munger district of Bihar
# 1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season

The 1893 Greensburg Athletic Association season was their fourth season in existence. The team's record for this season is largely unknown. Lloyd B. Huff was the team manager and Richard Coulter Jr. was captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Result |
| September 30 | Altoona Athletic Club | Unknown |
| October 7 | The Kiski School | Unknown |
| October 14 | at Pittsburgh Athletic Club | L 10–0 |
| October 21 | Western University of Pennsylvania | Canceled |
| October 28 | at Altoona Athletic Club | L 24–0 |
# Alavi (surname)

Notable people with the surname Alavi include:
* Ali Alavi, Theoretical chemist
* Patrick Alavi, a German Musician
* Abass Alavi, is Professor of Radiology and Neurology
* Abrar Alvi, was an Indian film writer, director and actor
* Ameer Faisal Alvi Awan, was the first General Officer Commanding of the elite Special Service Group of Pakistan Army
* Arif Alvi, is president of Pakistan
* Bozorg Alavi, was an influential Iranian writer, novelist, and political intellectual
* Hakim ‘Alavi, was a royal Persian physician of the 18th century
* Hasan Jamil Alvi, is a former Pakistani cricketer
* Moniza Alvi, is a Pakistani-British poet and writer
* Rashid Alvi, a politician from Indian National Congress party is presently a Member of the Parliament of India
* Samroj Ajmi Alvi, is a Bangladeshi actress and model.
* Sajida Alvi, is a female academic of Pakistani origin in Canada
* Sattar Alvi, is a Pakistan Air Force's veteran fighter pilot and retired Air Commodore of Pakistan Air Force .
* Shamsur Rehman Alvi, is a journalist with Hindustan Times
* Suroosh Alvi, is a Pakistani Canadian journalist and film-maker
* Shahood Alvi, is a television actor, Pakistan
* Mahmoud Alavi, is the Minister of Intelligence of Iran
* Mohammad Alavi (nuclear engineer), is an Iranian nuclear engineer
* Mohammad Alavi Gorgani, is a leading scholar in Najaf, Iraq
* Mohammad Alvi, is an Iranian footballer
* Yousef Alavi, is a mathematician who specializes in combinatorics and graph theory
# Augusta Mavericks

The Augusta Mavericks were to be an indoor football team which will begin Southern Indoor Football League play in 2011. Based in Augusta, Georgia, their home games will be played at the James Brown Arena.
The Mavericks are the third indoor/arena team to play in Augusta, following the af2's Augusta Stallions (2000–2002) and the Augusta Colts (known as the Spartans in 2006–2007) which played in the American Indoor Football Association and the World Indoor Football League from 2006 until suspending operations indefinitely in 2008.
# Amblyseiulella heveae

Amblyseiulella heveae is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.