OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carabus monilifer

Carabus monilifer is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in China, North and South Korea, and Russia.

## Subspecies

These 23 subspecies belong to the species Carabus monilifer:
* Carabus monilifer branickii Taczanowski, 1888 (China, North Korea, and South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer cyanelytron Deuve & Li in Deuve, 2003 (China)
* Carabus monilifer dachangensis Li & A.Mülller, 2009 (China)
* Carabus monilifer dolichognathus Deuve, 1995 (North Korea)
* Carabus monilifer euviridis (Ishikawa & Kim, 1983) (South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer furumiellus Deuve, 1994 (China)
* Carabus monilifer hoenggandoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1984) (South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer honanensis (G.Hauser, 1921) (China)
* Carabus monilifer hongdoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1984) (South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer lengxuemeiae Deuve & Li in Deuve, 2001 (China)
* Carabus monilifer liaodongensis (Li, 1992) (China)
* Carabus monilifer longipennis (Chaudoir, 1863) (China and Russia) (formerly Carabus smaragdinus)
* Carabus monilifer losevi Rapuzzi, 2016 (Russia)
* Carabus monilifer mandshuricus Semenov, 1898 (China, North Korea, and Russia)
* Carabus monilifer monilifer Tatum, 1847 (South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer neomaoershanicus Li; A.Müller & Zhang, 2008 (China)
* Carabus monilifer pinganensis (G.Hauser, 1920) (North Korea)
* Carabus monilifer shantungensis (Born, 1910) (China)
* Carabus monilifer sungkii J.K. & J.Park, 2013 (South Korea)
* Carabus monilifer tangweiae Deuve & Li, 2001 (China)
* Carabus monilifer yanggangensis Deuve & Li in Deuve, 2000 (North Korea)
* Carabus monilifer yichunensis Deuve & Li, 1999 (North Korea)
* Carabus monilifer zhongtiaoshanus Imura & Yamaya, 1994 (China)
# Carabus morbillosus

Carabus morbillosus is a beetle of the family Carabidae.

## Description

Carabus morbillosus reaches about 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in length. These beetles usually have a bright metallic bronze green or purple sometimes even blue coloration. They feed on snails and small insects.

## Distribution

This species occurs in France, Italy, Malta, Spain and in North Africa (Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia).

## Subspecies

* Carabus morbillosus alternans Palliardi, 1825
* Carabus morbillosus constantinus Kraatz, 1899
* Carabus morbillosus cychrisans Lapouge, 1899
* Carabus morbillosus macilentus Vacher de Lapouge, 1899
* Carabus morbillosus maroccanus Bedel, 1895
* Carabus morbillosus morbillosus Fabricius, 1792
# Caribbean campaign

The Caribbean campaign may refer to:
* The West Indies campaign of the American Revolutionary War
* The Central American campaign of the American Revolutionary War
# Carl V. Thompson

Carl V. Thompson is an American engineer currently the Stavros Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Education

* SB, Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, 1976
* SM, Applied Physics, Harvard University, 1977
* PhD, Applied Physics, Harvard University, 1982
# Carcinops viridicollis

Carcinops viridicollis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Carcinops opuntiae

Carcinops opuntiae is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America.
# Carlier Springs

Carlier Springs is a spring in Floyd County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Carlier Springs was named for Louis Carlier, an early settler.
# Carlo Semenza

Carlo Semenza may refer to:
* Carlo Semenza (engineer) (1893–1961), Italian hydraulic engineer
* Carlo Semenza (neuroscientist) (born 1949), Italian neuroscientist
# Carlos Nobre (scientist)

Carlos Afonso Nobre (born March 27, 1951) is a Brazilian scientist and meteorologist who is mainly highlighted in global warming-related studies. Nobre spearheaded the multi-disciplinary, multinational Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, a program noted to have “revolutionized understanding of the Amazon rainforest and its role in the Earth system.”

## Education

Nobre graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica in 1974, and began working in Manaus at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) the following year. He earned a Ph.D. in Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and studied Dynamic Meteorology of the Tropical Region with Jule Charney and Jagadish Shukla, pioneers in the construction of climate models, until 1982.

## Biography

Nobre returned to his birth city—São Paulo, Brazil—after receiving his Ph.D. Today he is a senior scientist at INPA but would visit abroad other times during research seasons. He began his research in 1988 as a visiting researcher at the University of Maryland, which would be recognized as pioneers in the analysis of the impacts of deforestation on the climate and posited the possibility of the Amazon becoming a savannah as a result of global warming, with potential mass extinction at the regional level. He worked in the coordination of large scientific projects in the Amazon and highlighted the Anglo-Brazilian Experiment of Amazon Climate Observations (ABRACOS) from 1990 to 1996, and the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon (LBA) from 1993 to 2000.
# Caribou Mountains (Idaho)

Caribou Mountains are a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, United States. The mountains are in the Caribou National Forest in Bonneville and Caribou counties, near the Wyoming border.
Named for Cariboo Fairchild, a prospector who had taken part in the gold rush in the Cariboo region of British Columbia in 1860. Fairchild discovered gold in this area of present-day eastern Idaho two years later.
The highest point of the range is 9,803-foot Caribou Mountain.
# Carnarvon (Pant) railway station

vteCarnarvonshire Railway :
Legend :
Carnarvon (Pant) was the temporary northern terminus of the Carnarvonshire Railway, located on the southern fringe of Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales.
The line from Afon Wen to Caernarfon was built from the country end, as were the other standard gauge routes to the town, resulting in there being three temporary termini on the edges of Caernarfon. This was eventually resolved by building the "Caernarfon Town Line" through a tunnel under the historic centre to join the various routes. When this was completed Pant station was closed.
The station appears to have been built on rented land, as in November 1868 a Mr Rice Thomas threatened to eject the railway from the station for non-payment of rent. The facilities included a platform and a turntable, both still traceable on the land in the 1940s and a siding which acted as an open air engine shed.
Freight and passenger trains passed through the edge of the station site until 7 December 1964, when all services were withdrawn. The line was lifted in 1969.
In 1997 the Welsh Highland Railway began running through the edge of the station site, having used part of the trackbed for their narrow gauge line to Porthmadog.
Sources cited in this article differ on the station's location, research continues.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Terminus | | Carnarvonshire Railway | | Dinas Junction Line and Station closed |
# 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase

The enzyme 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.68) catalyzes the reaction
    2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme is also called 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase.
# Ferdinand II

Ferdinand II is the name of:
* Ferdinand II of León (1132–1188), king from 1157
* Fernando II, Duke of Braganza (1430–1483), also known as Ferdinand II (1430–e.1483)
* Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452–1516), the Catholic, king of Aragon from 1479, of Sicily from 1468; Ferdinand V of Castile 1474–1504 and Ferdinand III of Naples 1504–1516
* Ferdinand II of Naples (1469–1496), also known as Ferrandino, king from 1495
* Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria (1529–1595), archduke, Regent of Tyrol and Further Austria, ruled from 1564
* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (1578–1637), also known as Ferdinand II of Germany, emperor from 1619
* Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1610–1670), Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1620
* Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810–1859), king from 1830
* Ferdinand II of Portugal (1816–1885), king 1837–1853
# Alcorcón Central (Madrid Metro)

Alcorcón or Alcorcón Central (, "Central Alcorcón") is a station in the Community of Madrid. It is on Line 12 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone B1. The station offers connection to Cercanías Madrid via Alcorcón railway station.
# Briegleb BG-7

The Briegleb BG-7 is an American strut-braced high-wing, single seat glider that was designed by William G. Briegleb and produced by the Sailplane Corporation of America as a completed aircraft and also as a kit.

## Design and development

The BG-7 was a development of the 1939 BG-6, with longer, semi-tapered wings of 40.25 ft (12.3 m) span, compared to the 32.35 ft (9.9 m) wing on the earlier model.
The BG-7 wing is made from wood structure, with two spars and covered in doped aircraft fabric. The wing is supported by dual struts. The fuselage is made from steel tube, again with fabric covering and the tail is metal and fabric. The longer wing created stability issues and many aircraft were subsequently modified by either lengthening the tail to increase the tail arm or enlarging the vertical fin. Cockpit modifications were also common.
Three BG-7s were completed by the factory and a further 20 kits were sold. The type was never certified and most were amateur-built from factory kits.

## Operational history

In 1952 Betsy Woodward Proudfit, flying a BG-7, set the feminine speed record for the 100 km (62 mi) triangle, at 28.64 mph (46.09 km/h). The record stood for eighteen years.
In March 2011 there were still 2 BG-7s on the Federal Aviation Administration register.

## Specifications (BG-7)

Data from Sailplane Directory and Soaring
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 40.25 ft (12.27 m)
* Wing area: 123 sq ft (11.4 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 13.1:1
* Airfoil: NACA 4412
* Empty weight: 250 lb (113 kg)
* Gross weight: 500 lb (227 kg)
Performance
* Maximum glide ratio: 20:1 at 40 mph (64 km/h)
* Rate of sink: 174 ft/min (0.88 m/s) at 36 mph (58 km/h)
* Wing loading: 4.1 lb/sq ft (20 kg/m$^2$)
# Arbour Square

Arbour Square is a late Georgian square in Stepney, in the borough of Tower Hamlets, east London, England.
It is located just off the Commercial Road (A13) approximately one mile (1.6 km) east of the City of London. The square is currently laid out as a formal garden with mature trees and planting and is surrounded on two sides by elegant early 19th century townhouses.
Arbour Square was laid out as a garden enclosure in 1819. By 1830, contemporary maps show buildings on all sides of the square and many of the surrounding roads. The south and west sides of the square are still made up of the original three and four storey Georgian townhouses which are Grade II listed. The east side was demolished and replaced by the Raine's School building (also Grade II listed) in 1913, while the terrace on the north side was replaced by a block of flats in 1937. The Raine's School building now houses part of Tower Hamlets College. The school building was entirely refurbished in 1994 by Sprunt Architects, featuring a new open learning centre within the listed heart of the building.
Running north from the square on the west side is West Arbour Street; and running north on the east side is East Arbour street which is a smaller two storey Georgian terrace. The former Arbour Square police station which once held the Kray Twins and alleged Provisional Irish Republican Army terrorists is located between these two streets; it closed in 1999 and has recently been redeveloped into flats.
Arbour Square is mirrored on the opposite side of commercial road by Albert Gardens, an impressive and almost fully intact late-Georgian residential square made up of Grade II listed houses.
Originally named Albert Square, it was built in the early 1840s, and renamed Albert Gardens in 1937. In 1899 there was a proposal to build houses on the central garden in the square but the London County Council compulsorily purchased the land and opened Albert Square Garden to the public in 1906. In the north of the garden is a 19th-century drinking fountain topped by a statue, 'Shepherd Boy', which was erected in 1903 by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association
Together with the neighbouring Havering Street which contains smaller but also Grade II listed houses, and several other early 19th century terraces on the Commercial Road, Albert Gardens and Arbour Square became part of the Albert Gardens Conservation area in 1969.
Havering Street, Arbour Square, and Albert Gardens are some of the last remaining original late-Georgian houses in the E1 postcode area of London's East End.
In the 1970s, council-owned houses on the square were squatted by the Campaign to Clear Hostels and Slums, which installed working class families.
# Dipelta

Dipelta is a genus of three large, deciduous shrubs that are members of the family Caprifoliaceae. They are native to north-central and southern China, southeastern Tibet, and northern Myanmar, but have been cultivated widely as decorative garden plants. They have attractive peeling bark, bell-shaped flowers carried singly or in corymbs and fruit with papery bracts. They develop in a rounded shape and attain a height of about 3–4 metres (10–13 ft). The leaves are simple, oval to lance shaped and borne in opposite pairs.
Dipelta floribunda has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Species

Three species are accepted.
* Dipelta elegans Batalin – Gansu and northern Sichuan in west-central China
* Dipelta floribunda Maxim. – central and east-central China
* Dipelta yunnanensis Franch. – south-central China, southeastern Tibet, and northern Myanmar
# Ananta Malla

Ananta Malla (Nepali: अनन्त मल्ल) was the sixth Malla king of Nepal. He succeeded Jayasimha Malla and reigned from 1271 until his death in 1308.

## Reign

The reign of Ananta Malla was full of conflicts and political unrest. He himself had sat on the throne after deposing Jayasimha Malla with the help of the House of Bhonta and the duration of his reign was filled with similar attempts against himself. Jayadityadeva, the elder son of Jayabhimadeva and the then-head of the House of Bhonta, was appointed the heir apparent and had the actual control of the administration and Ananta Malla reigned as a puppet ruler.

### Relationship with Tibet

Ananta Malla was close with Tibet, which at that time was a protectorate of Kublai Khan. Nepalese art and culture were highly regarded in Tibet and earlier in 1260, Araniko was sent to Tibet to erect a golden stupa.

### Invasions from the west

From 1287 to 1290, Kathmandu valley faced at least three invasion attempts from the Khasa kingdom which was located west of the valley. Khasa kingdom was also ruled by Mallas from Sinja but they were of different origin from the ones in Kathmandu valley. The first invasion in the December of 1287 was not an invasion per se, but Jayatari Malla (Khasa) entered Kathmandu valley and paid tributes to Swayambhunath. After the villagers fled from their homes, Jayatari Malla withdrew.
On 6 March 1289, Jayatari Malla again entered the valley and burnt several villages. He also visited different temples.
For the third time in 26 February 1290, he ensued even more chaos. He annexed Nuwakot, burnt many villages, and also destroyed a castle of Patan before returning back.

### Invasions from the south

Kathmandu valley also faced invasion attempts from Mithila (then called Tirhut) which was then ruled by the Karnat dynasty. In the December of 1291, the Tirhuts invaded the valley and occupied as far as Bhadgaon. They returned on 22 January 1300 and captured Bhadgaon again and inflicted fines on the House of Tripura. They returned back on March 1292. The chronicles say that this invasion was invited by the Bhontas to weaken the Tripuras.

### Final years

In 1307, frustrated from the constant internal conflicts between Bhontas and Tripuras and from the fact that he held no actual power, he took out all the treasury and offered it to Pashupatinath Temple. He then went to Bhontas and died a year later at Banepa.

## Succession

After his death, Nepal went five years without a king and was a victim of several invasions, and conflicts between the two major houses. He was eventually succeeded by Jayanandadeva of House Bhonta, but the actual power lied within the Tripuras.
# 63 BC

Year 63 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cicero and Hybrida (or, less frequently, year 691 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 63 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* Lucullus holds a triumph, then retires from war and politics to live a life of refined luxury.
* Establishment of the Decapolis and Year 1 of the Pompeian era.
* Pompey conquers the people of Phonecia, Coele-Syria, and Judea for the Roman Republic.
* Roman annexation of the Seleucid Empire and of Judea as a client kingdom. King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II is reappointed king (ethnarch) under Roman suzerainty and high priest, until 40 BC.
* Massacre of over 12,000 Jews on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem by Roman troops, in support of John Hyrcanus II against Aristobulus II.
* Julius Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus and praetor for 62 BC.
* Marcus Tullius Cicero is senior consul. He is the first novus homo (new man) to be elected to the consulship in 31 years.
* Gaius Antonius Hybrida is junior consul.
* Cato the Younger is elected tribune of the people for 62 BC, taking office in early December 63 BC.
* Servilius Rullus, a Roman tribune, proposes an agrarian reform law.
* Second Catilinarian Conspiracy against the Roman Republic is foiled by Cicero.

#### Pontus

* Pharnaces II becomes King of Pontus.

## Births

* September 23 – Augustus, first Roman Emperor (d. AD 14)
* Didymus Chalcenterus, Greek scholar and grammarian (approximate date) (d. c. AD 10)
* Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman statesman and general (d. 12 BC)

## Deaths

* Mithridates VI, King of Pontus (b. 135 BC)
* Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, pontifex maximus and general (b. c. 130 BC or 127 BC)
* Those involved in the organisation of the Catilinarian conspiracy in Rome, including Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura
# 63 Ceti

63 Ceti is a star in the constellation of Cetus, located just over a degree south of the celestial equator. With an apparent magnitude of about 5.9, the star is barely visible to the naked eye (see Bortle scale) as a dim, orange-hued point of light. Parallax estimates put it at a distance of about 390 light years (129 parsecs) away from the Earth, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 28 km/s.
63 Ceti has a spectral type of K0III, implying an aging K-type giant star. These types of stars are generally reddish-colored stars with spectral types from K to M, with radii that are 10 to 100 times larger than the Sun. 63 Ceti fits this description, with a radius about 11 times larger than the Sun, a mass of about 1.85 times the Sun, and an effective temperature of 4940 K. 63 Ceti is a red clump giant, indicating it is currently at the horizontal branch, a stage in stellar evolution, and is generating energy through core helium fusion. It is close to a billion years old and is radiating 64 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,940 K.
# 832 Karin

832 Karin is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It is the largest and brightest member of the Karin Cluster, which is named after it. Found in 2002, the Karin cluster is notable for being very young. It is currently believed to have formed in a collision only 5.8 million years ago.
832 Karin is an S-Type asteroid, approximately 19 km in diameter.
The minor planet is named in honor of Karin Månsdotter, who was the mistress of Erik XIV of Sweden in the 16th century. In 1567, Erik married Karin, but he was pushed from his throne because of this marriage.
# 98th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)

Six regiments of the British Army have been numbered the 98th Regiment of Foot:
* 98th Regiment of Foot (1761), raised in 1761
* 98th Regiment of Foot (1780), raised in 1780 and disbanded in 1787
* 98th (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot, raised in 1794 and renumbered as the 91st in 1796
* 98th Regiment of Foot (1804), raised in 1804 and renumbered as the 97th in 1816
* 98th Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Tipperary Regiment), raised as the 99th in 1804 and renumbered as the 98th in 1816
* 98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot, raised in 1824
# 98th Troop Carrier Squadron

The 98th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 440th Troop Carrier Group, based at Wold-Chamberlain Field, Minnesota. It was inactivated on 4 May 1951.

## History

Activated in July 1943 as an I Troop Carrier Command C-47 Skytrain Squadron. After training in the United States, at various bases, sent to Baer Field, Indiana for final equipping with aircraft, personnel and other equipment. Deployed to Ninth Air Force in England, assigned to IX Troop Carrier Command in February 1944 during the build-up prior to the Invasion of France.
During the D-Day Invasion, the squadron dropped paratroops of the 101st Airborne Division in Normandy, subsequently flying numerous missions to bring in reinforcements and needed supplies. During the airborne attack on The Netherlands (Operation Market Garden, September 1944), the squadron dropped paratroops, towed gliders, and flew resupply missions. Later participated in the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The squadron supported the 101st Airborne Division in the Battle of the Bulge by towing gliders full of supplies near Bastogne on 27 December 1944. In addition, its units participated in the air assault across the Rhine River in early 1945 (Operation Varsity) and later flew numerous freight missions to carry gasoline, food, medicine, and other supplies to allied ground forces during the Western Allied invasion of Germany in April 1945 near Wesel. The squadron also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals. It transported displaced persons from Germany to France and Belgium after V-E Day. Remained in Europe during the summer of 1945, inactivating as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe, October 1945.
Reactivated in the reserve as a C-46 Commando troop carrier squadron in Minneapolis, Minnesota during 1947. Was federalized as a result of the Korean War in 1951, squadron personnel and aircraft being sent to active-duty units as fillers, inactivated as an administrative unit a few days later.

### Operations and decorations

* Combat Operations: Airborne assaults on Normandy, the Netherlands, and Germany; relief of Bastogne, transportation of cargo and personnel in ETO during World War II.
* Campaigns: Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.
* Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: France, 6–7 Jun 1944.

### Lineage

* Constituted 98th Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 May 1943
    Activated on 1 July 1943
    Inactivated on 18 October 1945
* Activated in the Reserve on 15 September 1947
    Re-designated: 98th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 27 June 1949
    Ordered to active duty on 1 May 1951
    Inactivated on 4 May 1951

### Assignments

* 440th Troop Carrier Group, 1 Jul 1943 – 18 Oct 1945
* 440th Troop Carrier Group, 15 Sep 1947 – 4 May 1951

### Aircraft

* C-47 Skytrain, 1943–1945
* C-46 Commando, 1947–1951