OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wales Route Utilisation Strategy

The Wales Route Utilisation Strategy is a Route Utilisation Strategy, published by Network Rail in November 2008. It was the tenth RUS to be produced. By default, RUSs are established by the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) unless the latter objects within 60 days. A letter formally confirming establishment was sent by ORR to Network Rail in January 2009, and the RUS is included in Network Rail's map as established.
The scope includes the whole of Strategic Routes 14 - South and Central Wales and Borders and 15 - South Wales Valleys, almost all of Route 22 - North wales and Borders, and also that part of Route 13 - Great Western Main Line west of Pilning.
As with other RUSs, the Wales RUS took into account a number of responses , including the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR).
Many of the planned enhancements in and around Newport and Cardiff areas should be effected in conjunction with scheduled signal renewals. During Control Period 4, the capability of Cardiff city centre lines will be increased to 16 trains per hour in both directions (tph), from the current 12.
The RUS began the evaluation of significant infrastructure developments in the North Wales/Merseyside areas, which was taken up in the Merseyside RUS.
# Waistband

A waistband is a strip of material that is either elastic or some other confining fabric that encircles the waist, usually as a component of clothing such as skirts, trousers, shorts, swimsuits, and undergarments.
A waistband can be a complete undergarment, worn to limit expansion of the abdomen, to meet various objectives including to help prevent overeating, to encourage mindful eating, to encourage good posture, or to immediately slim the appearance of the waist (much like a corset, also sometimes called a waist cincher, or girdle).
A waistband can be an outer garment, worn for fashion, or for utility.

## History

Historically, in northern India, waistbands served various purposes including fastening miscellaneous items to oneself, such as knives. In ancient history in the southern Levant, the waistband could serve as a status symbol when people would adorn themselves with ornaments attached to their waistbands. In the early 19th century, members of some Taoist branches had their waistbands colored as a distinguisher and in order to symbolize their membership of the sect. In the western world during the 19th century, the contortion of waistbands was less pronounced due to the fashionability of suspenders.

## Material and culture

Among some members of the Yoruba, the placement of beads upon their waistbands is an established tradition that is believed to enhance and accentuate a women's femininity. The dimensions of the waistband serve as a contrivance for streamlining waist measurements. Waistbands are often designed with belt loops in order to allow for variation in case of manufacturer subtleties or weight variation in the wearer. A recent Debenhams survey revealed that the placement of one's waistband by males varies with age, with mid-teen boys placing them the lowest, while it steadily rises until the age of 57. The exposure of the underpant waistband has become a trend among followers of grunge music and hip-hop. In stretchy waistbands, the material can be made of various materials including rubber and latex. In contemporary times, waistbands are more picturesque and scintillating compared to previous designs. In western culture waist bands are now often used to achieve body goals such as to prevent overeating in order to maintain a healthy weight.

## Unwanted erections

Some men use the waistband in order to hide a genital bulge (also known by the informal terms man-bulge or moose-knuckle) in order to avoid embarrassment. During an erection, this is done by jutting it upwards beneath the waistband. This approach may on occasion be colloquially and informally referred to by slang terms such as a waistband tuck, the waistband trick, the uptuck or the tuck, the "6 to midnight", or the boner tuck. Although such penile concealment is common in many cultures, some analysts have proposed limiting such a sentiment to informal etiquette so it mitigates the possibility of a young male's propensity for genital dysphoria and subsequent gender dysphoria or body dysmorphia.
# Waistland

Waistland: The R/evolutionary Science Behind Our Weight and Fitness Crisis is a book by Harvard psychologist Deirdre Barrett published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2007. The book examines the obesity and fitness crisis from an evolutionary standpoint. Barrett argues that our bodies, our metabolisms, and our feeding instincts evolved during humanity’s hunter-gatherer phase. We're programmed to forage for sugar and saturated fats because these were once found only in hard-to-come-by fruit and game. Now, these same foods are everywhere—in vending machines, fast food joint, restaurants, grocery stores, and school cafeterias—they're nearly impossible to avoid. She describes this as related to the focus of another of her books " supernormal stimuli"—the concept of artificial creations that appeal more to our instincts than the natural objects they mimic—supernormal stimuli for appetite have led to the obesity epidemic. The book opens with a vignette about how zoos post signs saying "Don't Feed the Animals." People respect these orders, allowing veterinarians to prescribe just the right balanced diet for the lions, koalas, and snakes. Meanwhile, everyone stops for chips, sodas, and hot dogs on the way out of the zoo. The book explores solutions from behavior modification to willpower to change diet and exercise habits. One of the main messages of the book is that big changes in diet are actually easier than small ones, that the addictive nature of junk food means that, after a few days, eating no cookies or chips is easier than eating fewer cookies or chips.

## Reviews

"An elegantly written and eye-opening analysis of what makes us fat." - Steven Pinker
"At the start of this sensible book about the "weight and fitness crisis" in America, Harvard psychologist Deirdre Barrett says the answer lies in the study of evolution. As animals, we are genetically almost identical to our Stone Age ancestors. We live in advanced societies, with supermarkets and cars and lifts, but we are built to be hunter-gatherers. We are programmed to seek out fat, sugar, starch and salt, because, in the Stone Age, these things were hard to come by. When they turn up in abundance, our bodies, for the most part, can't say no. . . . to put it simply, human beings are evolving much more slowly than the food we eat. And the food is tricking us. We think it's what we need, but it's just what we want. What can we do? Eat sensibly and exercise, of course. One thing we have to do, though, is not to "listen to your body" – because it craves food that, in abundance, is bad for it. . . This is a clear, well-written and thoughtful guide to the fat crisis." - The Telegraph (UK)
"In a new book, Waistland, Deirdre Barrett points out that KFC or McDonald's would be happy to sell us tofu burgers and carrot strips, but our inner hunter-gatherer wants fat, and sugar, and salt - cravings that made sense for almost all of human existence, just accepting those past few thousand years. And we would all be in great shape, she argues, if we could just replicate the hunter-gatherer lifestyle." - Talk of the Nation : NPR
# Vila Velha (disambiguation)

Vila Velha may refer to:
* Vila Velha, a coastal city in Espírito Santo, Brazil
* Vila Velha de Ródão, a Portuguese town
* Vila Velha do Cassiporé, a village in Amapá, Brazil
* Battle of Vila Velha, a 1762 battle at Vila Velha de Ródão
* Pereira (Bahia), a lost colony in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil later known as Vila Velha
* Vila Velha State Park, a Park in Paraná, Brazil
* Vila Velha Theater, a theater in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
# Walki, Belgaum

Walki is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# Wafer backgrinding

Wafer backgrinding is a semiconductor device fabrication step during which wafer thickness is reduced to allow stacking and high-density packaging of integrated circuits (IC).
ICs are produced on semiconductor wafers that undergo a multitude of processing steps. The silicon wafers predominantly used today have diameters of 200 and 300 mm. They are roughly 750 μm thick to ensure a minimum of mechanical stability and to avoid warping during high-temperature processing steps.
Smartcards, USB memory sticks, smartphones, handheld music players, and other ultra-compact electronic products would not be feasible in their present form without minimizing the size of their various components along all dimensions. The backside of the wafers are thus ground prior to wafer dicing (separation of the individual microchips). Wafers thinned down to 75 to 50 μm are common today.
Prior to grinding, wafers are commonly laminated with UV-curable back-grinding tape, which ensures against wafer surface damage during back-grinding and prevents wafer surface contamination caused by infiltration of grinding fluid and/or debris. The wafers are also washed with deionized water throughout the process, which helps prevent contamination.
The process is also known as "backlap", "backfinish", "back side grinding", or "wafer thinning".
After backgrinding, a finished wafer is cut into individual chips in a process called die singulation.
# Wallisia anceps

Wallisia anceps is a species of flowering plant in the genus Wallisia. This species is native to Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, the Guianas, Venezuela and northern Brazil.
# Walpertskirchen

Walpertskirchen is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany.
# Vincent H. Resh

Vincent H. Resh (born 1945) is an American entomologist who primarily researches aquatic insects and medical entomology. He was the co-editor of the Annual Review of Entomology from 1991 to 1997.

## Early life and education

Vincent H. Resh was born in 1945. Resh grew up in New York and attended Iona Preparatory School. His father, Lewis J. Resh, worked for John Lowry, Inc. in New York City. His mother's name was Ann. He attended Georgetown University for his bachelor's degree, graduating in 1967. He then attended Niagara University for his master's degree in 1969 and the University of Louisville for his PhD in 1973.

## Career

Resh's first teaching appointment was as an assistant professor at Ball State University, where he worked from 1973 to 1975. He then accepted an assistant professorship at the University of California, Berkeley in 1975. He was made an associate professor in 1979 and a full professor in 1984. From 2007 to 2008 he was the chair of the Division of Organisms and the Environment within Berkeley's Department of Environmental Science. He was the director of the Richard B. Gump South Pacific Biological Research Station at Mo'orea from 1996 to 2001. His research is primarily focused on the evolutionary biology and ecology of aquatic insects invertebrates like insects, crustaceans, and molluscs. He also researches how humans can modify or influence aquatic environments to control aquatic disease vectors and how aquatic invertebrate community composition can be used as a proxy for water quality.
For fifteen years, he served on the World Health Organization's River Blindness Control Program. He was the president of the North American Benthological Society from 1983 to 1984, on the board of trustees of the Marine Science Institute from 1992 to 1997, and co-editor of the Annual Review of Entomology from 1991 to 1997. Resh was also one of the editors of the 2003 Encyclopedia of Insects, which was awarded the Most Outstanding Single-Volume Reference in Science by the Association of American Publishers and Best of Reference by the New York Public Library and Library Journal.

## Awards and honors

He was elected as a fellow of the California Academy of Sciences in 1995, and the University of Lyon gave him an honorary doctor in 2009. In 2017 he was one of the inaugural fellows of the Society for Freshwater Science.
# Abantia

Abantia may refer to:
* ABANTIA, a Spanish engineering company
* Amantia, ancient Greek polis in Epirus
# 2008 World Team Challenge

The 7th World Team Challenge 2008 (officially: VELTINS-Biathlon-WTC 08) was a commercial biathlon competition, that was held at the 27th of December, 2008, at the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. The winners were Andriy Deryzemlya and Oksana Khvostenko from Ukraine.

## Participants

20 sportsmen (10 male, 10 female) participated as mixed teams. Host country was represented by 3 teams. Beside that, one German athlete competed in a mixed pair with a partner from Austria. There were representatives from 7 countries, including one outside Europe.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Country | Time (min) |
| 1 | Andriy Deryzemlya / Oksana Khvostenko | Ukraine | 32:21,6 |
| 2 | Christoph Sumann / Martina Beck | Austria / Germany | +0:14,6 |
| 3 | Dmitri Yaroshenko / Ekaterina Iourieva | Russia | +0:32,8 |
| 4 | Michael Rösch / Kati Wilhelm | Germany | +0:57,0 |
| 5 | Rune Brattsveen / Tora Berger | Norway | +1:44,0 |
| 6 | Alexander Wolf / Andrea Henkel | Germany | +1:58,8 |
| 7 | Michael Greis / Kathrin Hitzer | Germany | +2:10,9 |
| 8 | Vincent Defrasne / Sylvie Becaert | France | +2:40,2 |
| 9 | Jay Hakkinen / Lanny Barnes | United States | LAP |
| 10 | Emil Hegle Svendsen / Solveig Rogstad | Norway | LAP |
# Witkop

Witkop is the surname of:
* Bernhard Witkop (1917–2010), German-American chemist
* Milly Witkop (1877–1955), Ukrainian-born anarchist
* Rose Witcop (1890–1932), Ukrainian-born anarchist
# Wittenförden

Wittenförden is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The municipality has a seat in the Office of Stralendorf from where it is administered. It lies on the western boundary of Schwerin by the Neumühler See, one of several lakes in the area.

## History

There is evidence that man has settled in the area since the Neolithic period although the exact date of the origin of the municipality is not known. The first mention of the area in writing was in 1217 about the building of a church and a cemetery. The German derivative of the local name is White Fjord, which suggests that it is taken from the Neumühler See and its sinuous form. The local industry was primarily agriculture and forestry, and after the Thirty-Year War, peat-extraction. A commercial district developed after 1990, which provides about 500 jobs. After the reunification of Germany, the population of Wittenförden has occasionally almost tripled due primarily to the migration of people from urban areas.

## Transport links

Wittenförden is situated two kilometres from the Schwerin bypass (B 106). The nearest railway station five kilometres away at Schwerin. Wittenförden has a bus service as part of the Schwerin transport network.

## Local sights

A Neo-Gothic village church dating from the 19th century.

## Heraldry

The design of the crest is a white willow tree with three branches on a red background and between the two longer outside branches, a golden bell.
# Vitaliy Bort

Vitaliy Bort is a former People's Deputy of Ukraine and a member of the Party of Regions (since May 2006).

## Biography

Vitaliy Petrovych Bort was born on 1 September 1972 in Donetsk. In 1994, Bort graduated from Donetsk Polytechnic University (Horlivka branch) in the faculty of the Construction of Roads and Bridges.

### Career

* 1995–2000 - Commercial agent at Donetskelectrotorg LLC
* 2005 - Manager at Trading House Yasinovatskiy Machine Building Plant
* 2005–2006 - Commercial Director at Trading House Yasinovatskiy Machine Building Plant
* 2006–2007 - People's Deputy of Ukraine from the Party of Regions of the 5th convocation
* Since 2006 - Chairman of the Subcommittee of the roads and road management of the Committee on Communications and Transport
* Since 2007 - People's Deputy of Ukraine from the Party of Regions of the 6th convocation (No. 101 in the electoral list)
* Since December 2007 - Member of the Committee on Agrarian Policy and Land Relations
* Since December 2012 - Chairman of the Subcommittee on pipelines of the Committee on Communications and Transport
* Since March 2013 - Member of the Parliamentary group of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Interparliamentary Relations with the Kingdom of Norway
* Since March 2013 - Member of the Parliamentary group of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Interparliamentary Relations with the Russian Federation
* Since April 2013 - Member of the Parliamentary group of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Interparliamentary Relations with the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
* Since May 2013 - Member of the Parliamentary group of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Interparliamentary Relations with the Republic of Kazakhstan
In the 2014 parliamentary election, Bort sought re-election to parliament for a constituency seat in Makiyivka; this time as a non-partisan candidate. At that time, the constituency was held by pro-Russian insurgents during the War in Donbass and the elections did not take place.

### Family

Bort is married; his wife Olga (born 1973) is a housewife. They have one daughter, Yana, born in 1996.
# Wind-Rain Song

Wind-Rain Song is an outdoor 1982 bronze sculpture by Weltzin Blix, installed at the Hult Center for the Performing Arts in Eugene, Oregon, in the United States.

## Description

Weltzin Blix's Wind-Rain Song (1982) is installed outside the Hult Center for the Performing Arts. Previously, the abstract work was installed inside the Conference Center adjacent to Hult and the Hilton Hotel. It was moved to its current site, a pedestrian plaza, seven years later. According to the Smithsonian Institution, "The artist was very pleased, and constructed a piece to add to the bottom of shaft, making the sculpture the size that he had initially envisioned when he designed it." It measures approximately 20 feet (6.1 m) x 22 feet (6.7 m), 8 inches (20 cm) x 1 foot (0.30 m), 1 inch (2.5 cm). A nearby plaque reads: WIND-RAIN SONG / WELTZIN BLIX / 1982. The sculpture was surveyed and deemed "treatment needed" by Smithsonian's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in October 1993.
# 2006 APRA Silver Scroll Awards

The 2006 APRA Silver Scroll Awards were held on Wednesday 20 September 2006 at the Auckland Town Hall, celebrating excellence in New Zealand songwriting. The Silver Scroll Award was presented to Don McGlashan for his song "Bathe In the River", originally performed by the Mt Raskil Preservation Society for the soundtrack of the New Zealand film No. 2. This was the final year where winners were selected by genre-specific panels of judges.

## Silver Scroll Award

The Silver Scroll Award celebrates outstanding achievement in songwriting of original New Zealand pop music. The evening's music performances were produced by composers Victoria Kelly and Joost Langeveld. Each of the nominated songs were covered in a new style by another artist.
| Songwriter(s) | Act | Song |
| Anika Moa | Anika Moa | "Stolen Hill" |
| Dann Hume, Jon Hume, Peter Hume | Evermore | "Running" |
| Don McGlashan | Mt Raskil Preservation Society | "Bathe In the River" |
| Don McGlashan | Don McGlashan | "Miracle Sun" |
| James Milne | Lawrence Arabia and The Reduction Agents | "The Pool" |

## Other awards

Four other awards were presented at the Silver Scroll Awards: APRA Maioha Award (for excellence in contemporary Maori music), SOUNZ Contemporary Award (for creativity and inspiration in classical composition) and two awards acknowledging songs with the most radio and television play in New Zealand and overseas.

### APRA Maioha Award

| Songwriter(s) | Act | Song |
| Richard Bennett | "E Hine" | Richard Bennett |
| Ngatai Huata | "Matariki" | Ngatai Huata |
| Mahinarangi Tocker and Rihitapuwae Tocker | "Taku Kotiro" | Mahinarangi Tocker and Rihitapuwae Tocker |

### SOUNZ Contemporary Award

| Songwriter(s) | Song |
| Ross Harris | "Symphony No. 2 for mezzo soprano and orchestra" |
| Eve de Castro-Robinson | "Releasing the Angel" |
| Dylan Lardelli | "Tumbu" |

### Most Performed Works

| Award | Songwriter(s) | Act | Song |
| Most Performed Work in New Zealand | James Reid | The Feelers | "Stand Up" |
| Most Performed Work in Overseas | Neil Finn | Crowded House | "Don't Dream It's Over" |

## APRA song awards

Outside of the Silver Scroll Awards, APRA presented two genre awards in 2006. The APRA Best Pacific Song was presented at the Pacific Music Awards and the APRA Best Country Music Song was presented at the New Zealand Country Music Awards.
| Award | Songwriter(s) | Act | Song |
| APRA Best Pacific Song | Demetrius Savelio | Savage | "Swing" |
| APRA Best Country Music Song | Jools Topp | Topp Twins | "Tamworth" |
# 39th Infantry Division (Poland)

The Polish 39th Infantry Division was a reserve unit of the Polish Army, which took part in the Polish September Campaign. Commanded by General Bruno Olbrycht, it was part of the Prusy Army and was concentrated in the area of the Holy Cross Mountains.
The division was fully assembled on September 10, 1939. It was ordered to defend the Vistula River line between the towns of Dęblin and Kazimierz Dolny. Due to General Olbrycht's sickness, it was de facto commanded by Colonel Bronisław Duch. On September 14, the 39th, which had become part of the Lublin Army, withdrew towards Chełm. Five days later, it engaged the Wehrmacht in Krasnystaw, then fought the German 4th Light Division near Zamość. The division took part in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski and capitulated on September 26, 1939.
# 1994 Gerry Weber Open

The 1994 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 2nd edition of the Gerry Weber Open, and was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It took place at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, from 13 June until 20 June 1994. First-seeded Michael Stich won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Michael Stich defeated Magnus Larsson 6–4, 4–6, 6–3
* It was Stich's 3rd singles title of the year and the 16th of his career.

### Doubles

Olivier Delaître / Guy Forget defeated Henri Leconte / Gary Muller 6–4, 6–7, 6–4
* It was Delaitre's 2nd title of the year and the 4th of his career. It was Forget's first title of the year and the 35th of his career.
# Anosmic (EP)

Anosmic is the debut extended play (EP) by Canadian post-rock project The Wax Girl. It was written and recorded in its entirety by Alex Wright at his studio in Toronto, The Castle, and was self-released on August 8, 2014.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alex Wright

## Artwork

The cover art, titled Fossil 1 was created by Canadian artist, and Alex Wright's brother, Max Wright.
The back cover features a manipulated photograph by amateur photographer Harvey Naylor, taken in 1980, of a pre-gentrified area of Toronto.
The inner sleeve features a wintry photograph by Sara Deso.

## Reception

Ride the Tempo called it "a 5-track EP of gorgeous post-rock ambiance" while Echoes and Dust said "this magnificent Canadian band has crafted something extraordinary."
Geyser Music raved "Remaining true to expectations of post-rock while discovering a unique tone and personality can be challenging for any musical group. The Wax Girl has accomplished just that with Anosmic. Ephemeral and grounded, other worldly and meticulously designed, Anosmic is a treat for all post-rock aficionados."
Way Too Indie praised Anosmic and said "With a strong debut like this, I cannot wait for more. Alex’s composition for these tracks make it easy to interpret multiple stories from the album, depending on the listener, and its tales are unforgettable."
Anosmic reached #1 on CJAM-FM's Top 30 chart for the week ending September 9, 2014.
# The Kitchen Maid (disambiguation)

The Kitchen Maid is a 1620–1622 painting by Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez.
The Kitchen Maid may also refer to:
* The Kitchen Maid (Chardin), a 1738 painting by Jean Simeon Chardin
* The Kitchen Maid (Rembrandt), a 1651 painting by Rembrandt
# 2003 German Athletics Championships

The 2003 German Athletics Championships were held at the Donaustadion in Ulm on 28–29 June 2003.