OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dove prism

A Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism. The Dove prism is named for its inventor, Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. Although the shape of this prism is similar to the shape described by a dovetail joint, the etymology of the two is unrelated.
A beam of light travelling parallel to the longitudinal axis, entering one of the sloped faces of the prism, undergoes total internal reflection from the inside of the longest (bottom) face and emerges from the opposite sloped face. Images passing through the prism are flipped (mirrored), and because only one reflection takes place, the image is also inverted but not laterally transposed.
Refraction at the entrance and exit surfaces results in substantial image astigmatism when used in convergent light. Thus the Dove prism is used almost exclusively for images appearing at infinity.
If the flat hypotenuse surface of a Dove prism is cut into a roof shape, the result is an Amici roof prism.

## Rotation

A reflection in one axis of a plane is always equivalent to a reflection and rotation in two other axes (with the angle between the source and image being twice the angle between the source and reflection axis of the prism). Thus, Dove prisms can be used to create beam rotators, which have applications in fields such as interferometry, astronomy, and pattern recognition.
Lesso and Padgett (1999) and Moreno et al. (2003, 2004) found that there is a change in the state of polarization of a beam of light on passing through a rotated dove prism. Polarization rotation in the infrared has been known for much longer (Johnston 1977). The polarization-transforming properties of dove prisms are of particular interest because they can influence the signal measurement of the scientific instrument.
# Deep Trouble

Deep Trouble may refer to:
* Deep Trouble (radio comedy series), a 2005–2007 BBC radio programme
* "Deep Trouble" (NCIS: Los Angeles), a television episode
* Deep Trouble (Goosebumps), a 1994 novel by R. L. Stine
* Deep Trouble, a 1991 Hardy Boys Casefiles novel
# 2009 Volleyball Copa Latina

The 2009 Copa Latina was first edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, organized by the Peruvian Volleyball Federation, played by four countries from May 14-18, 2009 in Lima, Peru.

## Competing Nations

* Teams
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Peru

### Purpose

* Cuba participated in the tournament as preparation for the 2009 Pan-American Cup.
* Peru send the national youth team (U18) as preparation for the 2009 Youth World Championship
* Chile participated in the tournament as preparation for the 2009 South American Championship.
* Colombia participated in the tournament as preparation for the 2009 South American Championship.

## Preliminary round

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
| 1 | Cuba | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 0 | MAX | 225 | 136 | 1.654 | Gold medal match |
| 2 | Peru | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1.200 | 244 | 231 | 1.056 | Gold medal match |
| 3 | Chile | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 0.833 | 211 | 231 | 0.913 | Bronze medal match |
| 4 | Colombia | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0.000 | 143 | 226 | 0.633 | Bronze medal match |

### Matches

| Date | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total |
| 14 May | Cuba | 3–0 | Colombia | 25–16 | 25–13 | 25–12 | | | 75–41 |
| 14 May | Peru | 3–2 | Chile | 25–18 | 25–16 | 21–25 | 24–26 | 16–14 | 111–99 |
| 15 May | Cuba | 3–0 | Chile | 25–6 | 25–17 | 25–14 | | | 75–37 |
| 15 May | Peru | 3–0 | Colombia | 25–15 | 26–24 | 25–18 | | | 76–57 |
| 16 May | Chile | 3–0 | Colombia | 25–15 | 25–21 | 25–9 | | | 75–45 |
| 16 May | Peru | 0–3 | Cuba | 20–25 | 18–25 | 20–25 | | | 58–75 |

## Final round
### Bronze medal match

| Date | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total |
| 17 May | Chile | 3–2 | Colombia | 25–20 | 21–25 | 25–22 | 14–25 | 15–12 | 100–104 |

### Gold medal match

| Date | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total |
| 17 May | Cuba | 3–1 | Peru | 23–25 | 17–25 | 16–25 | 21–25 | | 79–98 |

## Final standing

| Rank | Team |
| | Cuba |
| | Peru |
| | Chile |
| 4 | Colombia |
* 2009 Copa Latina champions
* Cuba 1st title
# Christ Church, Chatburn

Christ Church is in the village of Chatburn, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Whalley, the archdeaconry of Blackburn and the diocese of Blackburn. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

Construction of the church began in 1837, the architect being Edmund Sharpe of Lancaster. It was one of Sharpe's first commissions and one of his early churches in Romanesque style. The church was founded by Dixon Robinson, steward of the Honour of Clitheroe who, together with his older brother William, partly paid for it. The foundation stone was laid on 22 June 1837. Under the stone a bottle was placed containing coins, medals, and a copy of the Blackburn Standard. An article in the Blackburn Standard suggested that Christ Church was the first to be commenced during the reign of Queen Victoria. The estimated cost of the church was £950 (equivalent to £110,000 in 2023), towards which the Incorporated Church Building Society contributed a grant of £250. It provided seating for 364 people. The church was consecrated on 18 September 1838 by the Bishop of Chester.
On 3 May 1854 the spire was struck by lightning, damaging both the spire and the tower. In 1881 it was decided to enlarge the church, and the architect Frederick Josias Robinson, son of Dixon Robinson, who was practising in Derby, was commissioned to design and supervise this. The nave was widened by the addition of north and south aisles, and the chancel by the addition of a north transept, acting as an organ chamber, and a south transept, used as a choir vestry. This was carried out in 1882–83. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner remarks on the uniform architectural style used by the two architects, writing "all is so entirely of a piece".

## Architecture

The original parts of Christ Church are constructed in limestone with sandstone dressings and it has a slate roof; the spire is in sandstone. The expansion of 1882–83 is in Runcorn red sandstone, with dressings in Bath stone. The tower has three stages; the lowest stage has two blank arches on each side and two round-headed windows on the west front. There are similar windows on each side of both upper stages, and in the top stage are clock faces. The plan of the church consists of a west tower with a spire, a nave with north and south aisles and a south porch, and a chancel with a semicircular apse. Internally, at the west end is a gallery. The two-manual organ was made by Brindley & Foster of Sheffield in 1890.

## External features

The churchyard contains the war graves of three soldiers of World War I, and a soldier and airman of World War II.
# Atchampeta, Prakasam district

Acchampeta (or Atchampeta) is a hamlet in Racherla mandal, Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The village forms a panchayat segment with Chinaganapalle village.

## Geography

It is located at a distance of 135 km (84 mi) from Ongole and 80 km (50 mi) from Nandyal. The village has an altitude of 224m.

## Economy

The village relies on agriculture for its subsistence. Water for farming is supplied through underground borewells, which have seen their levels decrease substantially due to drought. The village also has a primary school for 1st through 5th grade and a small temple to Lord Shri Ram.
# West Island (Lacepede Islands)

West Island is an island within the Lacepede Islands group, which sits about 30 kilometres (20 mi) off the coast of the Dampier Peninsula in north-west Western Australia. It is located at 16° 51' S 122° 06' E. It forms part of the Lacepede Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.
# Cer6 (retrotransposon)

Cer6 is a LTR retrotransposon that is described from sequencing data in the chromosome III of C. elegans.

## LTR retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable element characterized by the presence of long terminal repeats (LTRs) directly flanking an internal coding region. As retrotransposons, they mobilize through reverse transcription of their mRNA and integration of the newly created cDNA into another location. Their mechanism of retrotransposition is shared with retroviruses, with the difference that most LTR-retrotransposons do not form infectious particles that leave the cells and therefore only replicate inside their genome of origin.
# Digby, Victoria

Digby is a town in the Western District of Victoria, Australia. The town is in the Shire of Glenelg, 366 kilometres (227 mi) west of the state capital, Melbourne, on the Stokes River, a tributary of the Glenelg. At the 2006 census, Digby and the surrounding area had a population of 369. The town is believed to be named either after Digby, Lincolnshire, in England, or in honour of a legendary early rural Australian identity, "Digby" McCabe.
The Henty Brothers established the first European settlement in the Digby area in 1837. In 1843, the Woolpack Inn was established near modern Digby; it burnt down in 1887. By 1847 the town consisted of the inn, a blacksmith and a series of huts. The town was officially surveyed in 1852. On 1 June 1858, Digby Post Office opened. In 1857, a second inn—the Digby Hotel—was established. It still exists today, although it was rebuilt after a fire in 1935.
The Digby Mechanics Institute was built in 1868 and has continually operated since. The first sitting of the Supreme Court of Victoria outside Melbourne was in Digby in 1869. By 1874 the town had a post office, two hotels, four shops and a school.

## Traditional ownership

The formally recognised traditional owners for the area in which Digby sits are the Gunditjmara People who are represented by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation.
# Cyclists War Memorial

The Cyclists War Memorial is a war memorial on the village green in Meriden, West Midlands. The village between Coventry and Birmingham was long reputed to be at the geographical centre of England. The national memorial was built in 1920 to commemorate cyclists killed in the First World War (it is now believed that the first British soldier killed in the war was Private John Parr, a reconnaissance cyclist with the 4th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment). A bronze plaque was added in 1963 to commemorate cyclists killed in the Second World War.
A committee to organise a national cyclists war memorial was established in November 1919, chaired by the Conservative politician W. G. Howard Gritten, known as the "cyclists' MP", with the Lord Chancellor, the 1st Earl of Birkenhead as president. Funding of around £1,100 was raised by public donations, including the proceeds from auctioning the Rudge-Whitworth bicycle of the Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII, which was sold for £100 to Rev. Basil Graham Bourchier.
The memorial comprises a 30 ft (9.1 m) high obelisk of Cornish grey granite with stepped top, weighing about 32 t (31 long tons; 35 short tons), standing a 7.5 ft (2.3 m) square plinth with inscription panel on front, on a square base. An inscription with gold lettering reads "TO THE / LASTING MEMORY / OF THOSE / CYCLISTS / WHO DIED IN THE / GREAT WAR 1914 - 1919". The memorial was deliberately kept simple in design eschewing cycling symbolism, and located at the heart of England to make it easier for people to visit from around the country.
It was constructed in 1920 by stonemasons J White and Sons of Yardley, Birmingham and unveiled on 21 May 1921 by the Earl of Birkenhead, and dedicated by Rev. Bourchier, at a ceremony attended by an estimated 20,000 people including many thousands of cyclists. Around the anniversary of the unveiling, a memorial service is held by the Cyclists' Touring Club in May each year.
The memorial was rededicated in 1963, when a plaque was added to commemorate cyclists killed in the Second World War, which reads "IN REMEMBRANCE / OF THOSE / CYCLISTS / WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES / IN WORLD WAR II / 1939 - 1945". It became a Grade II listed building in 2001. A second plaque was added 2013, commemorating all cyclists who fought and died for their country, dedicated at the remembrance service in May 2014.
Nearby is the Grade II listed sandstone monument that by tradition marks the centre of England.
# Deep Underground Command Center

The Deep Underground Command Center (DUCC), sometimes also called the Deep Underground Command and Control Site (DUCCS), was a United States military installation that was proposed on January 31, 1962,$^{:317}$ to be "a very deep underground center close to the Pentagon, perhaps 3,000–4,000 feet (914–1,219 meters) down, protected to withstand direct hits by high-yield weapons and endure about 30 days in a post-attack period."$^{:318}$ The DUCC would have been built as "an austere 50-man … or an expanded 300-man version (with the former built to permit expansion into the latter, if desired)".$^{:318–9}$ It was designed to withstand multiple direct hits of 200 to 300 megaton weapons bursting at the surface or 100 MT weapons penetrating to depths of 70–100 feet (21–30 meters). Based on Strategic Air Command's Deep Underground Support Center (DUSC) planned near the Cheyenne Mountain Complex nuclear bunker,$^{:363}$ the DUCC plan was recommended to President John F. Kennedy for fiscal year 1965 funding shortly before his assassination,$^{:318,364}$ but the underground DUCC, SAC's DUSC, and NORAD's Super Combat Centers were never built.
Decades later, Spurgeon M. Keeny Jr., who served as an advisor to five presidential administrations from the 1950s to the 1970s, recalled President Lyndon B. Johnson's reaction to the proposed site:
   ... Johnson, despite his growing preoccupation with Vietnam, rejected out of hand the use of nuclear weapons there. His view of nuclear war was brought home to me by his reaction at the final meeting in 1965 on the military budget to an item listed as DUCCS. In response to his question as to what this was, he was told it stood for Deep Underground Command and Control Site, a facility that would be located several thousand feet underground, between the White House and the Pentagon, designed to survive a ground burst of a 20-megaton bomb and sustain the president and key advisers for several months until it would be safe to exit through tunnels emerging many miles outside Washington. After a brief puzzled expression, Johnson let loose with a string of Johnsonian expletives making clear he thought this was the stupidest idea he had ever heard and that he had no intention of hiding in an expensive hole while the rest of Washington and probably the United States were burned to a crisp. That was the last I ever heard of DUCCS.
Other contemporary underground installations did see upgrades, such as the 1953 Site R which was "hardened further to about 140 psi blast resistance by 1963,"$^{:315}$ or completion, such as the NORAD's Canadian bunker in 1963, and NORAD's Combat Operations Center & Space Defense Center in the Cheyenne Mountain bunker became operational in 1966.
# Asawar

Asawar is a village located in Mohammadabad tehsil of Ghazipur district, Uttar Pradesh. It has total 1061 families residing. Asawar has population of 6,300 as per government records.

## Administration

Asawar village is administrated by Gram Pradhan through its Gram Panchayat, who is elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchyati Raj Act. Asawar comes under Barachawar block. Asawar is a biggest village in Barachawar block. Its situated at border of neighbor district Balia. In Asawar village living mostly Brahmin, Bhumihar, Rajbhar, Yadav, Chamar and Muslims. Most Famous Place is Oldest Shiv Mandir, Nathji Mandir and Panchayat Ghar. Krantikari Yuva sangh Ramleela Samiti, Asawar Making a great environment with making 10 Days stage Drama performance of famous Ramleela at Nath Ji Mandir.
| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 1061 | | |
| Population | 6300 | 3195 | 3105 |

## Transportation

This place have less frequency of Government buses. The privately owned buses rule the area.
# Council for Geoscience

The Council for Geoscience (CGS) is a National Science Council of South Africa.

## History

The Council for Geoscience was established in terms of the Geoscience Act, No. 100 of 1993, as the successor to the Geological Survey of South Africa, which was formed in 1912 by combining three existing organisations. The oldest of these was the Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope, which was founded in 1895.

## Function

The CGS is a scientific research council to provide and promote research in the field of geoscience and to provide specialised geoscientific services. The head office is in Pretoria, and there are regional offices in Polokwane in Limpopo, Cape Town in the Western Cape, Pietermaritzburg & Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape and Upington in the Northern Cape.
Services provided by the Council for Geoscience include:
* Airborne and ground geophysical surveys,
* Airborne and ground acquisition of geophysical data, processing and interpretation,
* Engineering geoscience and geotechnical services,
* Mineral resources development and mining and minerals services,
* Water geoscience and hydrological services,
* Environmental management and rehabilitation,
* Marine geology, including port surveys,
* Spatial data and GIS Services,
* Regional geological surveys and map compilations
* Core drilling services
The Council for Geoscience is the national custodian of aeromagnetic, radiometric and gravity coverage of South Africa.
# Asheim

Asheim is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Henrik Asheim (born 1983), Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party
* Lester Asheim (1914–1997), American Professor of Library Science
* Nils Asheim (1895–1966), Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party
* Steve Asheim (born 1970), American drummer and songwriter
# Christ Church, Carmarthen

Christ Church is an Anglican parish church in the town of Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The building dates from 1869 and is located at Friar's Park, Carmarthen.
The parish church of Christ Church, Carmarthen was commenced by R. K. Penson in 1867. It was officially opened in September 1869, during the National Eisteddfod, by the Bishop of St David's, Connop Thirlwall. It was designed to be the English-language church for this expanding parish while Eglwys Dewi Sant, Carmarthen was designed to cater for Welsh-speaking parishioners. The organ was added in 1873 and renovations took place in 1891. The church has an unusual central tower with clasping buttresses and gables halfway up.
The church was designated as a Grade II listed building on 19 May 1981, being "a prominent mid-Victorian church with crossing tower, a landmark in distant views".
# Atlético Gualala F.C.

Atlético Gualala was a Honduran football club based in Gualala, Honduras.

## History

Founded only in 2007, the club defeated Atlético Infop in the Liga Mayor de Honduras promotion playoff and was promoted to Honduran second division to fill the place of the relegated Deportes Concepción.
The lineup of the team for the promotion match was : Leonardo Sabillón, Carlos Nufio, Hernán Nolasco, Jaime Ortiz, Ever Argueta, Roberto Hernández, Freddy Núñez, Irvin Matute, José Figueroa, German Castillo and Santos Arrivillaga.

### Promotion to top tier and merge

In June 2009, Gualala defeated Necaxa over a two-legged final to clinch promotion to the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras. They became the second club, after Sula de La Lima to win back-to-back promotions ending up in the top tier.
However, before the start of the tournament they choose to merge with and sell their license to Real Juventud who had recently relegated the same season, and then decided to stay with the name Real Juventud. In January 2010, Gualala president José Rolando Sabillón claimed Juventud still owed his club money for taking over the top level license.

## Achievements

* Liga de Ascenso
       Winners (1): 2008–09 A
* Liga Mayor
       Winners (1): 2007–08 C
# Dilochiopsis

Dilochiopsis is a genus of orchids. It was previously considered as a synonym of the genus Eria, but eventually it has become an accepted name. At present (June 2014), there is only one known species, Dilochiopsis scortechinii, endemic to peninsular Malaysia.
# Ascents (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Real Magazine | (not rated) |
Ascents is the first solo project by Dennis Bayne Culp, formerly of Five Iron Frenzy and Brave Saint Saturn. The album is a collection of psalms that Culp put to music over a period of time in the 1990s. Inspired by Eugene Peterson's book A Long Obedience in the Same Direction, Dennis was touched so much by these psalms (120-131) that he endeavored to express them with music, and to convey their impact on his life. While some songs, like Psalm 121, are taken verbatim from the original scripture, others (such as "Table for Three") are based upon the application of the Psalm in Culp's own life.

## Track listing

* "Psalm 120: Return to You" - 4:09
* "Psalm 121: The Lord Watches Over You" - 3:39
* "Psalm 122: I Rejoiced" - 2:58
* "Psalm 123: Looking for Mercy" - 3:42
* "Psalm 124: My Help" - 4:04
* "Psalm 125: Surround Me" - 5:07
* "Psalm 126: A Melody" - 3:33
* "Psalm 127: Houses on a Hill" - 3:55
* "Psalm 128: Table for Three" - 3:54
* "Psalm 129: Tendrils" - 5:01
* "Psalm 130: My Soul Waits" - 3:32
* "Psalm 131: I Have Quieted My Soul" - 4:28

## Album credits

* Lyrics and music - Dennis Bayne Culp
* Dennis Bayne Culp - Vocals, Bass, Synth, Acoustic guitars, Piano, Trombone
* Masaki Liu - Electric Guitar
* Bret Barker (formerly of The W's) - Trumpet
* Andrew Verdecchio - Drums and Percussion

## Production credits

* Lisa Nikulicz - Art Direction and Design
* Melinda DiMauro - Photography
* Produced by Masaki and Dennis Culp
# 2009 IPC Swimming European Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle

The men's 50 metre freestyle at the 2009 IPC Swimming European Championships was held at Laugardalslaug in Reykjavik from 18–24 October.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| S1 | Itzhak Mamistvalov Israel | 1:09.72 | Christos Tampaxis Greece | 1:22.87 | Alexandros Taxildaris Greece | 1:45.97 |
| S2 | James Anderson Great Britain | 1:09.24 | Jacek Czech Poland | 1:09.59 | Dmitry Kokarev Russia | 1:09.61 |
| S3 | Dmytro Vynohradets Ukraine | 44.21 | Ioannis Kostakis Greece | 48.49 | Miguel Ángel Martínez Spain | 53.08 |
| S4 | David Smetanine France | 37.99 | Richard Oribe Spain | 38.81 | Jan Povysil Czech Republic | 39,94 |
| S5 | Sebastian Rodriguez Veloso Spain | 33.88 | Anthony Stephens Great Britain | 34.87 | Hayri Simsek France | 35.61 |
| S6 | Anders Olsson Sweden | 31.54 | Daniel Vidal Spain | 32.13 | Christakis Panagiotis Greece | 33.15 |
| S7 | Matthew Walker Great Britain | 28.31 | Jonathan Fox Great Britain | 29.73 | Nikolaos Tsotras Greece | 31.25 |
| S8 | Maurice Deelen Netherlands | 26.82 ER | Konstantin Lisenkov Russia | 27.04 | Sean Fraser Great Britain | 27.98 |
| S9 | Tamás Sors Hungary | 26.09 ER | Jose Antonio Alcaraz-Garcia Spain | 26.38 | Sami el Gueddari France | 26.54 |
| S10 | David Levecq Vives Spain | 24.74 ER | Lucas Ludwig Germany | 25.18 | Graham Edmunds Great Britain | 25.36 |
| S11 | Damian Pietrasik Poland | 27.15 | Rustam Nurmuchametov Russia | 27.33 | Grzegorz Polkowski Poland | 27.68 |
| S12 | Maksym Veraksa Ukraine | 22.99 WR | Aleksandr Nevolin-Svetov Russia | 24.48 | Omar Font Jimenez Spain | 25.07 |
| S13 | Oleksii Fedyna Ukraine | 24.13 | Dmytro Aleksyeyev Ukraine | 24.66 | Daniel Simon Germany | 25.67 |