OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berlin Heerstraße station

Heerstraße is a railway station in Berlin, Germany. It is located on the Spandau Suburban Line in the Westend district and served by S-Bahn S3 and S9 trains. The station is today listed as a historical monument.

## Location

The station is situated on the Heerstraße road, the major thoroughfare from Berlin's inner city to the west. The street, a section of the Bundesstraße 2 and 5 highways, originally led to the former proving grounds in Döberitz, thus the name Heer (land army). The large Grunewald forest with the Teufelsberg hill is located nearby in the south.

## History

The station opened on 1 November 1909, where the new Spandau suburban railway (Westbahn) branched off the western continuation of the Berlin Stadtbahn line at Westkreuz station to reach the Berlin–Lehrte and Berlin–Hamburg railways at Spandau. While the line served to develop the Westend mansions' colony, the first section to Rennbahn station (today: Olympiastadion) was built to reach the Rennbahn Grunewald - later rebuilt as Deutsches Stadion due to host the 1916 Summer Olympics that never took place. The broad Heerstraße road was laid out a few years before and was regularly used as a parade route by the passing Guards Corps of the Imperial German Army. The station became part of the electrified S-Bahn commuter rail network in August 1928.
Due to its direct connection to the city centre the station had occasionally been the site of official receptions: On 11 May 1925 the newly elected Reich President Paul von Hindenburg arrived here from Hanover, received by Chancellor Hans Luther, to take office the next day. After the Nazi seizure of power, the Heerstraße road became part of the monumental "East-West-Axis" avenue according to the Welthauptstadt Germania renewal plans. Both the street and the railway line were important transport links to the 1936 Summer Olympics at the Olympiastadion and the Olympic Village in Elstal. A "Strength Through Joy" (KdF) City was laid out on the Messe fairground southeast of the station to receive and accommodate numerous visitors. One year later, on 27 September 1937, Adolf Hitler received the Italian Duce Benito Mussolini at the station and carried him in a triumphal procession to the Reich Chancellery. Plans drafted in 1938 to rebuild the entrance hall in a lavish Nazi neoclassical style as Mussolini-Bahnhof were never carried out.
On 4 July 1944 resistance fighter Adolf Reichwein, on his way to a conspiratorial meeting with Communist Party leaders to prepare for the 20 July plot, was betrayed and arrested by Gestapo henchmen at Heerstraße station.
Severely damaged in World War II, the entrance hall in 1959 was rebuilt in a simplified style. In 1980 train services by the Deutsche Reichsbahn discontinued and were not resumed until after German reunification. The adjacent Heerstraße Bridge across the tracks was rebuilt from 1994 to 1996. Largely restored, the station was re-opened on 16 January 1998.
# Zangersheide

The Zangersheide is a Belgian breed or stud-book of warmblood sport horses. It is one of three Belgian warmblood breeds or stud-books, the others being the Belgian Sport Horse and the Belgian Warmblood.
It is bred at the stud of the same name near Lanaken, in the province of Limburg in eastern Flanders, close to the Dutch border. Breeding and selection are directed at performance in show-jumping.$^{:166}$

## History

The Zangersheide stud was established in the 1970s, with the aim of breeding and selecting horses on the basis of their performance in show-jumping. A stud-book was started in 1992$^{:444}$ or 1993; registered animals have a Z suffixed to their names.$^{:166}$ Registration is based on selection for show-jumping performance, and the stud-book is open to any breed of performance horse; it includes horses of Thoroughbred, Hanoverian, Holsteiner and Selle Français origin.$^{:166}$
In 2014, the breeding stock amounted to some 2700 animals, of which 340 were stallions. In 2019 its conservation status was reported to DAD-IS as 'at risk'. Gem Twist Alpha Z (b. 2012), a clone of the Thoroughbred show jumping gelding Gem Twist, was exported to Belgium and registered with the Zangersheide studbook to help promote breeding.
An older clone of Gem Twist, Gemini CL (b. 2008), was previously used to cover Zangersheide mares via artificial insemination (AI).

## Ranking

In the show jumping ranking published by the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses (WBFSH) and the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) in May 2019, the Zangersheide stud was in second place after the Dutch Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland (KWPN), more commonly known as the Dutch Warmblood.
# 1952–53 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season

The 1952–53 DDR-Oberliga season was the fifth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Five teams participated in the league, and Chemie Weißwasser won the championship.

## Regular season

| Pl. | Team | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | BSG Chemie Weißwasser | 77:15 | 16:00 |
| 2. | BSG Wismut Erz Frankenhausen | 55:22 | 12:04 |
| 3. | BSG Turbine Crimmitschau | 26:43 | 06:10 |
| 4. | BSG Einheit Berliner Bär | 26:52 | 06:10 |
| 5. | BSG Einheit Dresden Süd | 03:55 | 00:16 |
# David Agir

David Libokomedo Agir (12 July 1942 – 6 September 2003) was a Nauruan politician.

## Political role

Standing for Aiwo Constituency, Agir was elected to the Parliament of Nauru in a by-election following Kinza Clodumar's resignation in 1979.
Four years later, Agir lost his seat again to Clodumar.

## Later life

In his later years Agir worked for the Department for Island Development and Industries.
# Drosophila subsilvestris

Drosophila subsilvestris is a relatively common Northern European species of fruit flies from the family Drosophilidae. It is associated with woodland. It is in flight from April to November, being most abundant in June and July, and in September and October.
# Bachata Number 1's (disambiguation)

Bachata Number 1's may refer to:
* Bachata Number 1's, 2007 compilation album
* Bachata Number 1's, Vol. 2, 2008 compilation album
* Bachata Number 1's, Vol. 3, 2010 compilation album
* Bachata #1's, Vol. 4, 2011 compilation album
* Bachata #1's, Vol. 5, 2011 compilation album
# Belenois

Belenois, commonly called the caper whites, is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Pierini in the family Pieridae that are found in mainly in Africa and south-west Asia.

## Species

Subgenus Anaphaeis Hübner, 1819:
* Belenois aurota (Fabricius, 1793) – brown-veined white, African caper white, or pioneer white
* Belenois creona (Cramer, 1776) – African common white or African caper
* Belenois gidica (Godart, 1819) – African veined white or pointed caper
Species group pseudohuphina:
* Belenois margaritacea Sharpe, 1891 – Margarita's caper white
* Belenois raffrayi (Oberthür, 1878) – Raffray's white
Group Incertae sedis:
* Belenois albomaculatus (Goeze, 1779)
* Belenois aldabrensis (Holland, 1896)
* Belenois anomala (Butler, 1881)
* Belenois antsianaka (Ward, 1870)
* Belenois calypso (Drury, 1773) – Calypso caper white
* Belenois crawshayi Butler, 1894 – Crawshay's caper white
* Belenois diminuta Butler, 1894
* Belenois grandidieri (Mabille, 1878)
* Belenois hedyle (Cramer, 1777)
* Belenois helcida (Boisduval, 1833)
* Belenois java (Linnaeus, 1768) – caper white
* Belenois larima (Boisduval, 1836)
* Belenois mabella Grose-Smith, 1891
* Belenois ogygia (Trimen, 1883)
* Belenois rubrosignata (Weymer, 1901) – red-edged white
* Belenois solilucis Butler, 1874
* Belenois subeida (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
* Belenois sudanensis (Talbot, 1929) – Sudan caper white
* Belenois theora (Doubleday, 1846)
* Belenois theuszi Dewitz, 1889
* Belenois thysa (Hopffer, 1855) – false dotted border
* Belenois victoria (Dixey, 1915) – Victoria white
* Belenois welwitschii Rogenhofer, 1890
* Belenois zochalia (Boisduval, 1836) – forest white or forest caper white
# Beige box (phreaking)

In phone phreaking, a beige box is a device that is technically equivalent to a telephone company lineman's handset — a telephone fitted with alligator clips to attach it to a line.

## Construction

Beige boxes can be usually constructed with easily available materials, such as a simple "POTS" telephone, a soldering iron, and a pair of alligator clips. Sometimes a switch is added in order to turn the microphone off (mute), so as not to introduce ambient noise into the line through the telephone's microphone. Green and red wire are the only wires that need connection in order to both talk and listen. Usually this method is done by stripping a portion of the line and attaching alligator clips linked to a corded phone. Instructions for constructing a beige box can be found in many places on the internet, as well as instructions on how to make other phreaking boxes.
The alligator clips on a typical Lineman's handset usually include a part known as a "bed of nails" connector, allowing the clips to be attached to wires without removing their insulation.

## History

The beige box was invented by The Exterminator and The Terminal Man on May 17, 1985.

## Legal issues

Although it is not illegal to possess or construct a beige box, it is illegal to use it to make unauthorized use of a phone line with any device, because this violates wiretapping and theft of service laws.
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 100 metres

The men's 100 metres event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 12 and 13 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Jonathan Barbour United Kingdom |
| Silver | Fabrice Calligny France |
| Bronze | Przemysław Rogowski Poland |

## Results
### Final

13 July Wind: 2.2 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Jonathan Barbour | United Kingdom | 10.26 w |
| | Fabrice Calligny | France | 10.40 w |
| | Przemysław Rogowski | Poland | 10.45 w |
| 4 | Matic Osovnikar | Slovenia | 10.47 w |
| 5 | Simone Collio | Italy | 10.48 w |
| 6 | Ricardo Alves | Portugal | 10.53 w |
| 7 | Cecilio Maestra | Spain | 10.54 w |
| 8 | Yannick Urbino | France | 10.71 w |

### Heats

12 July Qualified: first 2 in each heat and 2 best to the Final

#### Heat 1

Wind: 1.4 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Fabrice Calligny | France | 10.47 | Q |
| 2 | Matic Osovnikar | Slovenia | 10.56 | Q |
| 3 | Simone Collio | Italy | 10.59 | q |
| 4 | Oliver König | Germany | 10.64 | |
| 5 | Christofer Sandin | Sweden | 10.69 | |
| 6 | Slaven Krajačić | Croatia | 11.08 | |
| 7 | Kostyantyn Vasyukov | Ukraine | 22.39 | |

#### Heat 2

Wind: 0.3 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Przemysław Rogowski | Poland | 10.49 | Q |
| 2 | Cecilio Maestra | Spain | 10.65 | Q |
| 3 | Antony Ferro | Belgium | 10.69 | |
| 4 | Rasgawa Pinnock | Germany | 10.77 | |
| 5 | Thomas Näsi | Finland | 10.78 | |
| 6 | Damien Degroote | France | 11.76 | |

#### Heat 3

Wind: 0.9 m/s
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Jonathan Barbour | United Kingdom | 10.43 | Q |
| 2 | Ricardo Alves | Portugal | 10.49 | Q |
| 3 | Yannick Urbino | France | 10.56 | q |
| 4 | Attila Farkas | Hungary | 10.60 | |
| 5 | Emanuele Di Gregorio | Italy | 10.73 | |
| 6 | Ángel David Rodríguez | Spain | 10.75 | |
| 7 | Gian Nicola Bernardi | San Marino | 10.80 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.
* Belgium (1)
* Croatia (1)
* Finland (1)
* France (3)
* Germany (2)
* Hungary (1)
* Italy (2)
* Poland (1)
* Portugal (1)
* San Marino (1)
* Slovenia (1)
* Spain (2)
* Sweden (1)
* Ukraine (1)
* United Kingdom (1)
# Zakaria Gageli

Zakaria Gageli or Zakaria of Gagi was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent and one of the commanders of Tamar's army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.
During a revolt of Tamar's disgraced husband in 1191, George the Rus, Zakaria, son of Vahram, was one of the few nobles who remained loyal to the Queen. Gracious to those who were loyal to her, Tamar bestowed Tavush, Parisos, Gardman and many towns, castles and villages to Zakaria, thus extending his possessions up to neighbouring Ganja. The centre of his realm was Gagi fortress, after of which this line of Mkhargrdzeli family became known as House of Gageli. In 1195 Zakaria participated in the Battle of Shamkor, where his horse was killed. In 1203 he participated in the Battle of Basian against Rum Sultanate.
# Drosophila sui

Drosophila sui is a species of fruit fly in the genus Drosophila, described by Lin and Tseng in 1973.
It is endemic to Taiwan.
# Electrophilic substitution

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, aromatic. Aromatic substitution reactions are characteristic of aromatic compounds and are common ways of introducing functional groups into benzene rings. Some aliphatic compounds can undergo electrophilic substitution as well.

## Electrophilic aromatic substitution

In electrophilic substitution in aromatic compounds, an atom appended to the aromatic ring, usually hydrogen, is replaced by an electrophile. The most important reactions of this type that take place are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation and acylation and alkylating Friedel-Crafts reactions. It further consists of alkylation and acylation.

## Electrophilic aliphatic substitution

In electrophilic substitution in aliphatic compounds, an electrophile displaces a functional group. This reaction is similar to nucleophilic aliphatic substitution where the reactant is a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The four possible electrophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanisms are S$_E$1, S$_E$2(front), S$_E$2(back) and S$_E$i (Substitution Electrophilic), which are also similar to the nucleophile counterparts S$_N$1 and S$_N$2. In the S$_E$1 course of action the substrate first ionizes into a carbanion and a positively charged organic residue. The carbanion then quickly recombines with the electrophile. The S$_E$2 reaction mechanism has a single transition state in which the old bond and the newly formed bond are both present.
Electrophilic aliphatic substitution reactions are:
* Nitrosation
* Ketone halogenation
* Keto-enol tautomerism
* Aliphatic diazonium coupling
* Carbene insertion into C-H bonds
* Carbonyl alpha-substitution reactions
# Belinyu

Belinyu is a town and district (kecamatan) of Bangka Regency, in the Bangka-Belitung province of Indonesia. The district is located on the northern tip of Bangka Island.

## History

By the 19th century, tin mines were already operating in Belinyu. Edward Balfour recorded that the mines in Belinyu were established by a Chinese from Palembang, referred to as Demang Ko. In 1919, steam turbines were installed in Mantung (within Belinyu) to supply electrical power to tin mining operations in Bangka.
Following the independence of Indonesia, the island of Bangka was subdivided into five administrative regions (kewedanan). Belinyu was made the seat of the North Bangka kewedanan, and while the other four kewedanan eventually became regencies, Belinyu was absorbed into Bangka Regency.

## Administration

Belinyu is subdivided into seven urban villages (kelurahan) and five rural villages (desa).

## Gallery

* A smelting house in Belinyu (1914).
* Tin miners' housing in Belinyu during the Dutch period.
* A beach in Belinyu.
* Seafood landed in Belinyu.
# Beer nuts

Beer nuts is a snack food of roasted, salted peanuts sold shelled but unhusked and not sweetened. Both generic and branded beer nuts exist, a notable Australian brand is Nobby's.
In the United States, Beer Nuts is a brand of sweet and salty glazed peanuts.
# Bernard Cohn (anthropologist)

Bernard S. Cohn (May 13, 1928 – November 23, 2003) was an American anthropologist and scholar of British colonialism in India, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago.

## Life and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Cohn received a B.A. in history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1949 and a Ph.D. in anthropology from Cornell University in 1954. From 1952-3 he engaged in field research in India as a Fulbright scholar. In addition to Chicago, he also taught at the University of Rochester and was a research assistant for the US Army at Fort Benning. In 1968, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Works

Cohn's contributions included work on India's caste system, by which he established that caste was solidified as a concept by the British codification of it, as well as the establishment of historical anthropology as a means to link the disciplines of anthropology and history. This work intersected with earlier work about syncretism between these two disciplines by Alfred L. Kroeber, as well as essays by Clifford Geertz. Cohn's works include Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge (1996), An Anthropologist Among the Historians (1987) and India: The Social Anthropology of a Civilization (1971). His students, including Nicholas Dirks, Ronald Inden, Vinay Lal, Antoinette Burton, and Ritty Lukose, have continued in the vein of his work. His work has been closely studied by members of Subaltern Studies, especially Ranajit Guha.
# Zevgolateio (disambiguation)

Zevgolateio (Ζευγολατειό) or Zevgolatio (Ζευγολατιό) may refer to the following places in Greece:
* Zevgolateio, a town in Corinthia
* Zevgolateio, Arcadia, a village in Arcadia
* Zevgolateio, Messenia, a village in the municipal unit Meligalas, Messenia
* Zevgolatio, the former name of Eliki, a village in Achaea
* Zevgolatio, Serres, a village in the municipal unit Strymoniko, Serres regional unit
# 1952 in association football

The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1952 throughout the world.

## Events

* 21 September – East Germany plays its first ever international match, losing 3–0 to Poland in Warsaw.

### Undated

* Rudnianka Rudna Wielka, professional Polish football club is founded.

## Winners club national championship

* Albania: KS Dinamo Tirana
* Argentina: River Plate
* Austria: Rapid Vienna
* Belgium: RFC Liégeois
* Bulgaria: PFC CSKA Sofia
* Czech Republic: Sparta CKD Sokolovo
* Denmark: AB
* East Germany: ZSG Union Halle
* England: Manchester United F.C.
* Faroe Islands: KÍ Klaksvík
* Finland: KTP
* France: OGC Nice
* Greece: tournament not held
* Hungary: Budapest Honvéd FC
* Iceland: KR
* Ireland: St Patrick's Athletic F.C.
* Italy: Juventus FC
* Luxembourg: National Schifflange
* Mexico: León
* Netherlands: Willem II
* Northern Ireland: Glenavon F.C.
* Norway: FK Sparta Sarpsborg
* Poland: Ruch Chorzów
* Portugal: Sporting CP
* Romania: CCA București
* Scotland: Hibernian F.C.
* Spain: FC Barcelona
* Sweden: IFK Norrköping
* Switzerland: Grasshopper Club Zürich
* West Germany: VfB Stuttgart
* Soviet Union: FC Spartak Moscow
* Yugoslavia: Hajduk Split

## International tournaments

* 1952 British Home Championship (6 October 1951 – 5 April 1952)
       Shared by Wales and England
* Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland (15 July – 2 August 1952)
** Hungary
** Yugoslavia
** Sweden

## Births

* 1 January – Ítalo Estupiñán, Ecuadorian international footballer (died 2016)
* 2 February – Reinhard Häfner, German international footballer (died 2016)
* 2 February – Fernando Morena, Uruguayan international footballer
* 8 February – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian international footballer (died 2014)
* 15 February – Andrzej Dybicz, Polish former professional footballer
* 20 March – Steve Whitworth, English footballer
* 2 May – Martin Haar, Dutch footballer and assistant-coach
* 17 May – Jorge Olguin, Argentine international footballer
* 19 May – Bert van Marwijk, Dutch footballer and coach
* 22 May – Waldemar Victorino, Uruguayan international footballer
* 2 August – Alain Giresse, French international footballer and coach
* 3 August – Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentinian international footballer and coach
* 7 August – Kees Kist, Dutch international footballer
* 22 August – José van Hoof
* 6 September – Vladimir Kazachyonok, Soviet international footballer and Russian coach (died 2017)
* 10 September – Mike Carroll, Scottish professional footballer
* 5 November – Harry Schellekens, Dutch footballer
* 17 November – Roman Ogaza, Polish international footballer (died 2006)
* 20 November – Vince O'Kane, English former professional footballer
* 25 November – Gabriele Oriali, Italian international footballer
* 3 December – Hervé Gorce, French professional footballer (died 2008)
* 15 December – Allan Simonsen, Danish international footballer
# Drycothaea maculata

Drycothaea maculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2003. It is known in Bolivia.
# El Occidental

El Occidental is a Mexican newspaper founded on August 5, 1942 in the city of Guadalajara.

## History

El Occidental was an initiative of Ruben Villa Michel, who was also its first manager. The aim of the new journal was to create a competitor to Jalisco's oldest newspaper, El Informador. To fund the newspaper, Villa Michel received financial support from entrepreneurs such as Jorge Dipp, Carlos Dávalos, Mauricio Brun, Luis Aranguren and the archbishop monsignor José Garibi y Rivera. Journalist Restituto Herrador Calvo became the first director of the newspaper. Within weeks of having established El Occidental, Villa Michel, invited the well known journalist José Pagés Llergo, intending to strengthen the paper. Pagés moved to Guadalajara and became director of the newspaper. However, this only lasted a few months, as Pagés considered Guadalajara too small for him, he also came into conflict with the entrepreneurial-Christian ideology of proprietors and backers of the newspaper.
The newspaper was initially not financially profitable. According to journalist Pedro Vázquez Cisneros who became director of the paper in 1944, it was not until 1946 and 1947 that the paper "produced profits," which turned out to be very short lived. Given the financial crisis of the paper, it was acquired by Coronel José García Valseca in October 1948, and was thus absorbed into what would become the Cadena García Valseca (The García Valseca Chain). This acquisition was done despite García Valseca being advised that he was "purchasing a corpse." Nevertheless, García Valseca purchased it, resurrected it, and launched it as the main competitor for El Informador, as equally serious and conservative.
The Cadena García Valseca newspapers were initially highly conservative, supporting the corporate sector, the Catholic Church and omitting all popular leftist movements. Nonetheless, after 1968 the newspapers started becoming relatively more open to social movements. The Cadena García Valseca continued to expand to become the largest journalist consortium in Mexico, and in the Spanish speaking world. However, due to an increasing debt of 400 million pesos, it was sold, and became the Organización Editorial Mexicana under the proprietors.
# Bacillus albus

Bacillus albus is a gram positive, rod shaped species of bacteria. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Bacillus albus from marine sponge of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Type strain of Bacillus albus sp. nov. is N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T)
# Beipan River Hukun Expressway Bridge

Beipan River Hukun Expressway Bridge is a suspension bridge near Guanling, on the border of the Anshun Prefecture, Guizhou, China. The bridge has a main span of 636 metres and is part of the G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway crossing the Beipan River. It stands at a height of 318 metres above the river, placing it amongst the 15th highest bridges in the world.