OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cesare Pronti

Cesare Pronti (November 30, 1626 – October 22, 1708) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly near Ravenna.

## Biography

He was born at Cattolica, near Rimini, and was brought up at Bologna, training in that city under Guercino. He then helped complete the quadrature for the Villa Albizzi in Bologna, working with Carlo Cignani. He then moved to Ravenna, where Pronti helped decorate with a mix of quadratura and allegorical figures representing the four known continents in the Rasponi family's palace, Palazzo di San Giacomo, near Russi. He also helped decorate, with oculi with flying putti, the former church of San Romualdo, now a museum in Classe (in the Biblioteca Classense), and formerly a Camaldolese abbey. In Ravenna, he was commonly called "Padre Cesare da Ravenna". He became an Augustinian friar as a young man, and was afterwards principally engaged in painting altarpieces for the churches of his fraternity, of which one of the best is an altarpiece depicting St Thomas of Villanova for Sant'Agostino, Pesaro. He died at Ravenna.
# Chad Emmert

Chad Bryant Emmert (born May 15, 1966, in Joplin, Missouri, United States) is an American songwriter and performer. He grew up in Kansas City, Missouri but moved to Seneca, Missouri in 1982, graduating from Seneca High School in 1984.

## Career

According to the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers, Chad has twenty two songs published. Ten songs have been published by CBS Records, now owned by Sony Corporation of America, four songs by Mercy Records, and seven songs through Blendville/Universal.
Emmert has performed on seven albums. Marz X/Planet Appeal (1987), Marz X/End of the Line (1989), Grady/Domestic Blend (1994), Chad Emmert/17 Mile Drive (1998), Chad Emmert/When She's Gone She's Gone (2006), Chad Emmert/Live at the Hurricane (2008), Chad Emmert/El Muchacho Dañado (2011)
The Marz X album End of the Line was engineered by Grammy award winner Vance Powell.
In 1990, for 12 shows, Chad filled in on bass for the A and M recording artist Head East.
Emmert has performed at notable venues such as The Whiskey-a-Go-Go on Sunset Blvd. in Los Angeles, Hard Rock Cafe in Las Vegas, Margaritaville in Key West, SXSW in Austin, The EXPO Centre in Tulsa, The Roxy in Kansas City, among others.
Emmert's first band included Jack Lankford who later played bass for A Picture Made, Steve Ritter who later played drums for A Picture Made and The Connells, and soundman Vance Powell who later won a Grammy for best engineered album.
His songs written while in the band "Marz X" have now been sold by CBS to EMI New York. EMI now shares 50% percent of ownership with Chad Emmert.
Chad Emmert has currently retired from touring and owns and operates a music store called "G-strings and F holes Music Store" in Seneca, MO.
Chad is currently played with country singer Kimra who is signed to Winter Records In 2015–2016.
Chad Emmert is currently touring with his band under the name Emmert's Extravaganza playing the casino circuit.
# Cewydd

Saint Cewydd was a pre-congregational saint of Wales in the Early Middle Ages (6th century). He is known as the Welsh 'Rain Saint', like Medard in France, Gildas in Brittany and Swithin in England. It would appear that a pre-Christian rain day might have been associated with a date in July, when, if it rained on that day, it was believed rain would continue for forty days.
Very little is known of his life due to the scarcity of records in the early Dark Ages in Wales. He is known mainly from churches associated with him, which are on Anglesey (Wales), Lancaut in Chepstow (Wales/England border), Cusop (Wales/England border), Kewstoke (Somerset, England), Steynton in Rhos (Pembrokeshire, Wales), Aberedw (Radnorshire, Wales], Disserth yn Elfael (Radnorshire, Wales), Llangewydd and Laleston (Bridgend, Wales), Capel Cewy, Mynachlogddu (Pembrokeshire, Wales).
Ecclesiastical records in the Book of Llandaff refer to a religious establishment of lann ceuid, probably at Lancaut, which is likely to have been established by 625AD and was recorded there by 703AD.
His feast day is 1 July, but South Wales tradition records 15 July as Dygwyl Cewydd – Feast of St Cewydd (originally 2 July before the Julian/Gregorian calendar change).
# Central Power Electric Cooperative

Central Power Electric Cooperative is a North Dakota-based electrical generation and transmission cooperative founded in 1949 and which is based in Minot, North Dakota. Central Power purchases power from Basin Electric Power Cooperative to serve its six member rural electric cooperatives. It also built the William J. Neal Station near Voltaire, ND in 1951 to meet its members' needs, with the power being delivered over the lines of the Otter Tail Power Company. When Central Power joined Basin Electric, Neal Station was transferred to Basin as a condition of membership. In its later years, Neal Station was modified to burn sunflower seed hulls in addition to lignite coal, but had been decommissioned and removed by the early 2000s.
Central Power owns and operates over 170 substations, the majority of which are distribution substations across its member cooperatives' territories. The remainder are transmission substations which provide power to the distribution substations. These lines are operated at 230kV, 115kV, 69kV, 57kV, and 41.6kV, and are also interconnected with the Western Area Power Administration, Basin Electric, Otter Tail Power, Montana-Dakota Utilities, and Xcel Energy systems.

## Member cooperatives

    Capital Electric Cooperative
    Dakota Valley Electric Cooperative - previously James Valley Electric and RSR Electric
    McLean Electric Cooperative
    North Central Electric Cooperative
    Northern Plains Electric Cooperative - previously Baker Electric and Tri-County Electric
    Verendrye Electric Cooperative
# Central retinal vein

The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a vein that drains the retina of the eye. It travels backwards through the centre of the optic nerve accompanied by the central retinal artery before exiting the optic nerve together with the central retinal artery to drain into either the superior ophthalmic vein or the cavernous sinus.

## Structure
### Origin

The central retinal vein is formed by the convergence of veins that drain retinal tissue. The central retinal vein originates within the eyeball, emerging from the eyeball already as a single unified vein.

### Course

The central retinal vein runs through the centre of the optic nerve (alongside the central retinal artery) surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue envelope. It leaves the optic nerve 10 mm from the eyeball along with the central retinal artery, also exiting the meningeal envelope of the optic nerve.

### Fate

The central retinal vein drains into either the superior ophthalmic vein or the cavernous sinus.

### Variation

The central retinal vein varies between individuals. in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus.

## Clinical significance
### Central retinal vein occlusion

The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery. Like that blood vessel, it can suffer from occlusion (central retinal vein occlusion). This occlusion is similar to that seen in ocular ischemic syndrome.

### Papilledema

As the fluid surrounding the optic nerve within its meningeal envelope is contiguous with the cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system, increased intracranial pressure can cause compression of the central retinal vein where it emerges from the optic nerve (the accompanying artery is meanwhile less susceptible to compression due to its thicker arterial wall), with the resulting venous congestion causing oedema of the optic nerve (papilledema).

## Additional images

* Interior of posterior half of bulb of left eye. The veins are darker in appearance than the arteries.
* Eye vessels
# Challur

Challur is a village in the Karatagi taluk of Koppal district in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Challur is situated near Karatagi.
Challur is a gram panchayat and is located on either sides of Tunga bhadra left Bank Canal,#36. It has many paddies that are highly fertile & higher yielding type.
Rice is the main agricultural crop in the Tunga Bhadra Delta Region. It is mainly exported to Bangalore, Chennai, Maharashtra & Middle-East countries. Tractors, rice harvesters, and pesticide sprayers are just a few examples of the cutting-edge agricultural machinery used in the cultivation process. In this village, most of the farmers have their own tractor. Challur has many Hindu temples.

## Demographics

As of 2011, there are a total of 1018 families residing in Challur. The Challur village has population of 4972, of which 2469 are males, while 2503 are females.
Children make up 13.94% of the total population of the village. Average Sex Ratio of Challur village is 1014 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Challur as per census is 974, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

## Geography

It belongs to Gulbarga Division, It is located 15°36′N 76°35′E﻿ / ﻿15.600°N 76.583°E﻿ / 15.600; 76.583 64 km (40 mi) towards East from District headquarters Koppal, 18 km (11 mi) from Gangavathi and 364 km (226 mi) from State capital Bangalore. The nearest town is Karatagi, and the village is on the banks of Tunga Bhadra Left Bank Canal, #36. Its taluk headquarters is Karatagi and District headquarters is Koppal.
# Challwa Mayu

Challwa Mayu (Quechua for "fish river") may refer to:

## Rivers

* Challwamayu (Huancavelica), a river in the Huancavelica Region in Peru
* Challwamayu (Junín), a river in the Junín Region in Peru

## Place

* Challwa Mayu, Bolivia, a place in Bolivia
# Cernache do Bonjardim, Nesperal e Palhais

Cernache do Bonjardim, Nesperal e Palhais is a civil parish in the municipality of Sertã, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes of Cernache do Bonjardim, Nesperal and Palhais. The population in 2011 was 3,625, in an area of 101.59 square kilometres (39.22 sq mi).
# Ceroplesis massaica

Ceroplesis massaica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1908. It is known from Tanzania and Kenya. It contains the variety Ceroplesis massaica var. rufofasciata.
# Chandranagar, Dahanu

Chandranagar is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Chandranagar has 394 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 55.87%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2039 | 1036 | 1003 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 310 | 156 | 154 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1954 | 992 | 962 |
| Literates | 966 | 599 | 367 |
| Workers (all) | 1091 | 591 | 500 |
| Main workers (total) | 820 | 470 | 350 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 129 | 77 | 52 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 495 | 243 | 252 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 28 | 6 | 22 |
| Main workers: Other | 168 | 144 | 24 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 271 | 121 | 150 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 216 | 90 | 126 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 12 | 3 | 9 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 38 | 25 | 13 |
| Non-workers | 948 | 445 | 503 |
# Changxindian Subdistrict

Changxindian Subdistrict (Chinese: 长辛店街道; pinyin: Chángxīndiàn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on the west of Fengtai District, Beijing, China. It borders Lugouqiao Subdistrict to the northeast, Changyang Town to the southeast, and is enclosed by Changxindian Town around it. The subdistrict has a 2020 census population of 85646.
Changxindian (Chinese: 长辛店; lit. 'Long Pungent Shop'), the current name of the subdistrict, comes from two villages that existed in the region during Ming dynasty: Changdian and Xindian. They were merged into Changxindian during the later Qing dynasty.

## History

Timeline of Changxindian Subdistrict :
| Years | Status |
| 1912 | Part of Wanping County under Beijing |
| 1928 | Transferred as Changxindian Town into Hebei along with rest of Wanping County |
| 1937 | Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the government of Wanping County moved into Changxindian Town |
| 1948 | Part of the 18th District of Beijing |
| 1949 | Local government was established |
| 1950 | Converted to town and transferred under Fengtai District |
| 1974 | Several Communities from Zhujiafen Subdistrict were incorporated into Changxindian |
| 1990 | Converted to a subdistrict |
| 2021 | 4 communities of Changxindian were transferred to Yungang Subdistrict |

## Administrative Division

As of 2023, Changxindian Subdistrict is divided into 20 subdivisions, with 18 communities and 2 villages:
| Administrative Division Code | Community Names | Name Transliteration | Type |
| 110106011001 | 南墙缝 | Nanqiangfeng | Community |
| 110106011002 | 合成公 | Hechenggong | Community |
| 110106011003 | 东山坡 | Dongshanpo | Community |
| 110106011004 | 北关 | Beiguan | Community |
| 110106011005 | 西峰寺 | Xifengsi | Community |
| 110106011006 | 朱家坟南区 | Zhujiafen Nanqu | Community |
| 110106011008 | 朱家坟北区 | Zhujiafen Beiqu | Community |
| 110106011010 | 赵辛店 | Zhaoxindian | Community |
| 110106011011 | 北岗洼 | Beigangwa | Community |
| 110106011012 | 崔村二里 | Cuicun Erli | Community |
| 110106011014 | 建设里 | Jiansheli | Community |
| 110106011015 | 东南街 | Dongnanjie | Community |
| 110106011016 | 陈庄 | Chenzhuang | Community |
| 110106011017 | 光明里 | Guangmingli | Community |
| 110106011019 | 玉皇庄 | Yuhuangzhuang | Community |
| 110106011028 | 长馨园 | Changxinli | Community |
| 110106011029 | 中奥嘉园 | Zhong'ao Jiayuan | Community |
| 110106011030 | 中体奥园 | Zhongti'aoyuan | Community |
| 110106011200 | 长辛店 | Changxindian | Village |
| 110106011201 | 赵辛店 | Zhaoxindian | Village |
# Changxing railway station

Changxing railway station (Chinese: 长兴站) is a high-speed railway station located in northeast Changxing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China, serving the Nanjing–Hangzhou high-speed railway. It is served by high-speed trains whereas Changxing South is served by conventional trains.

## History

Construction on the station began in August 2010. With the construction of the Nanjing–Hangzhou high-speed railway, the original Changxing railway station was renamed Changxing South in 2012. The station opened on 1 July 2013.
# Channel 12 TV stations in Canada

The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 12 in Canada:
* CFCF-DT in Montreal, Quebec
* CFCN-TV-1 in Drumheller, Alberta
* CFRN-DT in Edmonton, Alberta
* CFRN-TV-3 in Whitecourt, Alberta
* CFRN-TV-4 in Ashmont, Alberta
* CFRN-TV-10 in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta
* CFTF-DT-3 in Cabano, Quebec
* CHAU-DT-9 in L'Anse-à-Valleau, Quebec
* CHEX-DT in Peterborough, Ontario
* CHNB-DT in Saint John, New Brunswick
* CHTG-TV in Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
* CIRE-TV in High Prairie, Alberta
* CISA-TV-3 in Coleman, Alberta
* CISA-TV-4 in Waterton Park, Alberta
* CIVA-DT in Val d'Or, Quebec
* CIVF-DT in Baie-Trinite, Quebec
* CJCH-TV-2 in Truro, Nova Scotia
* CJCH-TV-3 in Valley, Nova Scotia
* CKAM-TV in Upsalquitch, New Brunswick
* CKBQ-TV-1 in Nipawin, Saskatchewan
* CKCK-TV-1 in Colgate, Saskatchewan
* CKMC-TV in Swift Current, Saskatchewan
* CKTN-TV-4 in Creston, British Columbia
* CKTV-DT in Saguenay, Quebec
* CKVR-TV-1 in Parry Sound, Ontario
* CKYD-TV in Dauphin, Manitoba
* CKYP-TV in The Pas, Manitoba
# Channel 58 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 58 in the United States:
* K25NK-D in Rochester, Minnesota
* KBFX-CD in Bakersfield, California
* KDTX-TV in Dallas, Texas
* KLCS in Los Angeles, California
* KQCA in Stockton, California
* KWBA-TV in Sierra Vista, Arizona
* W16DZ-D in Tyron, North Carolina
* W23EX-D in Sussex, New Jersey
* W27EC-D in Belvidere, New Jersey
* W29EV-D in Hackettstown, New Jersey
* W30EF-D in Jefferson, North Carolina
* W31DI-D in Spruce Pine, North Carolina
* WAWD in Fort Walton Beach, Florida
* WBKI in Salem, Indiana
* WBMA-LD in BIrmingham, Alabama
* WDES-CD in Miramar Beach, Florida
* WDJT-TV in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
* WDPX-TV in Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts
* WIAV-CD in Washington, D.C.
* WNAB in Nashville, Tennessee
* WNJB in New Brunswick, New Jersey
* WPGA-TV in Perry, Georgia
* WUJA in Caguas, Puerto Rico
* WUNG-TV in Concord, North Carolina
The following station, which is no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 58:
# Channel Islands cricket team

The Channel Islands cricket team was a cricket team which was formed from the combined teams of Jersey and Guernsey and representative of the Channel Islands as a whole. The team briefly played Minor counties cricket when it played in the MCCA Knockout Trophy in 2001 and 2002. The team played eight matches in total, though without success. It lost seven matches while another was abandoned. The team played four home matches, all of which took place at Grainville, Saint Saviour, Jersey. Teams which played Minor Counties cricket at this time also took part in List A matches in the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, although this was not the case with the Channel Islands.
A combined Channel Islands team previously played minor matches against a United England Eleven in 1866, 1867 and 1869. It later appeared again in 1951 against the nomadic Arabs Cricket Club.
# Channel Islands slender salamander

The Channel Islands slender salamander (Batrachoseps pacificus) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. Due to cool and foggy conditions on the islands where it lives, it is one of the only slender salamanders in California that can be active year-round.

## Description

The Channel Islands slender salamander, like all slender salamanders, has short limbs, a narrow head, a lean body, and an especially elongated tail, as well as four toes on its feet. However, it has a more robust appearance than other slender salamanders due to its longer legs. Adults are 4.2 - 7 centimeters long (1.67 - 2.75 in) from snout to vent. Dorsal surface coloration ranges from brown to pinkish, with a prominent dorsal stripe made up of light speckles. The throat and underside of the tail are pale, while the abdomen appears whitish or slate with light and dark speckling. Its rib connections are indicated by a series of 18-20 costal grooves, which are clearly visible along with its end of torso grooves.

## Behavior and ecology

When disturbed, this salamander may coil up and remain motionless, relying on camouflage. Alternatively, it can rapidly uncoil and bounce away while detaching its tail to divert the attention of predators. Although the tail can easily be broken off, it regenerates over time.

### Reproduction

Using burrows created by other animals or man-made crevices, eggs are laid underground by the female during late fall to winter, once they move down from the surface. Each egg set can consist of 13-20 eggs. After the offspring hatch, from winter to early spring, both adult and young salamanders return to the surface with rain the following fall and winter. There is significant variation in this cycle with meteorological fluctuations.

### Diet

The Channel Islands slender salamander likely eats an assortment of small invertebrates, such as earthworms, small slugs, terrestrial arthropods, and numerous insects, including insect larvae. It is probable that they use a projectile tongue to capture prey above and below ground.

## Distribution and habitat

Batrachoseps pacificus is endemic to the northern California Channel Islands, being found on San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Anacapa Island. It is the only amphibian endemic to the islands off California.
On the islands where it occurs, the Channel Islands slender salamander occupies a wide range of habitats, including island coastal sage scrub, grasslands, chaparral, oak woodlands, pine woodlands, and, uniquely, beaches containing driftwood.
# Chapar, Dhubri

Chapar is a town under the Dhubri district in the state of Assam. It is located at 26°16′N 90°28′E﻿ / ﻿26.27°N 90.47°E﻿ / 26.27; 90.47. It has an average elevation of 22 metres (72 feet). Like the rest of Assam, Chapar frequently has problems with flooding. The town is situated on the bank of the Champabati River.
National Highway 17 passes through Chapar. Chapar Higher Secondary School, Chapar Girls High School, Ratnapith College are renowned institutions of education. Chapar faces heat waves in summers from the Brick Factories of which most doesnot follow National Green Tribunal rules. It also has to face huge pollution in winter due to these brick factories which burns huge amount of Coal without using ESP (Electro Static Presipitator) in their chimneys and releases toxic pollution. Due to this many people facing serious health issues.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Indian census, As of 2022, Chapar has a population of 50500. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chapar has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 73%, with male literacy of 81% and female literacy of 74%. 14% of the population is under six years of age.
# Chapter 1 (g.o.d album)

Chapter 1 is the debut album of the South Korean pop music group g.o.d, released on January 26, 1999. The album was produced by songwriter and JYP Entertainment founder Park Jin-young. The promoted track is "To Mother" (어머님께), which the group sang for their debut televised performance on January 13, 1999.

## Release and reception

The album was produced under difficult circumstances as g.o.d's management agency had been affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis and cut off funding for their trainees. It was eventually released after the group made their official debut performance on television. However, it was not an immediate success as sales figures were comparatively low and the group did not win first place on any music programs.

## Songs

Two of the most famous songs from the album are "To Mother" and "Observation", the former eventually becoming known as one of the group's most famous hit songs. "Observation" is remembered for its "steering wheel" dance and the scifi-themed music video. The choreography for both songs was referenced in the music video of "Saturday Night" from the group's reunion album Chapter 8.

## Track listing

All lyrics and music are written and composed by Park Jin-young except where noted.
* Signifies a composer who is also the arranger.

## Charts and sales
### Monthly charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| South Korean Albums (RIAK) | 5 |

### Sales

| Region | Sales |
| South Korea (RIAK) | 156,209 |