OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 720s BC

This article concerns the period 729 BC – 720 BC.

## Events and trends

* 728 BC—Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.
* 728 BC—Diocles of Corinth wins the stadion race at the 13th Olympic Games.
* 727 BC—Babylonia makes itself independent of Assyria, upon the death of Tiglath-Pileser III.
* 725 BC—Shalmaneser V starts a 3-year siege of Israel.
* 725 BC—Sparta conquers the neighboring region of Messenia and takes over the land.
* 724 BC—The Assyrians start a four-year siege of Tyre.
* 724 BC—The diaulos footrace is first introduced at the Olympics.
* 724 BC—Desmon of Corinth wins the stadion race at the 14th Olympic Games.
* 722 BC—In the fifth month of the year during the summer, Duke Zhuang of Zheng defeats his younger brother Gongshu Duan (共叔段) north of present-day Yanling County.
* 722 BC—Northern Kingdom of Israel is conquered by Assyrian king Sargon II.
* 722 BC—Duke Yin accedes to the throne of Lu in China, the first event recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals.
* 721 BC—The Assyrians conquer the tribes of northern Israel.
* 721 BC—Sargon II starts to rule. He builds a new capital at Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad).
* 720 BC—End of the Assyrian siege of Tyre.
* 720 BC—Orsippus of Megara wins the stadion race at the 15th Olympic Games.
* 720 BC—The "dolichos" footrace is introduced at the Olympics.
* 720 BC—Guardian figure (pictured, right), from the entrance to the throne room at palace of Sargon II is made. It is now kept in the Oriental Institute, Chicago.

## Significant People

* 729 BC—Tiglath-Pileser III officially crowned sovereign of Asia in Babylon.
* 729 BC—Hezekiah succeeds Ahaz as king of Judah (or 726 BC).
* 729 BC—Luli succeeds Mattan II as king of Tyre.
* 728 BC—Death of Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria (or 727 BC).
* 727 BC—Shalmaneser V becomes king of Assyria (dies 722 BC).
* 727 BC—Tefnakhte founds the Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt.
* 726 BC—Hezekiah succeeds Ahaz as king of Judah (or 729 BC).
* 725 BC—Bakenranef (also known as Bocchoris) succeeds his father Tefnakhte as king of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt.
* 724 BC—Ahaz, king of Judah (740 BC–726 BC) dies.
* 722 BC—Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria, dies.
* 722 BC—Sargon succeeds Shalmaneser V as king of Assyria.
* 721 BC—Shabaka succeeds his father Piye as king of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.
* 720 BC—Shabaka kills Bakenranef (Bocchoris), ending the Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
* 720 BC—Death of King Ping of the Zhou dynasty of China.
* 720 BC—Birth of Guan Zhong, political adviser of Qi in eastern ancient China.
# Checkered Past

Checkered Past may refer to:
* Checkered Past (album), a 2021 album by L.A. Guns
* Checkered Past (EP), an EP by Save Ferris
* Checkered Past (TV programming block), a TV programming block on Adult Swim
* Checkered Past Records, a record label
* Checkered Past, a 1995 album from The Bob & Tom Show
# Elisabeth Murdoch

Elisabeth Murdoch may refer to:
* Elisabeth Murdoch (philanthropist) (1909–2012), Australian philanthropist, and mother of media tycoon Rupert Murdoch
* Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman) (born 1968), Australian businesswoman, daughter of Rupert and granddaughter of Dame Elisabeth
# Ceratosoma pustulosum

Ceratosoma pustulosum is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Timor.

## Description

The type specimen of Ceratosoma pustulosum is in Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris and was studied by Pruvot-Fol. It is similar to Ceratosoma brevicaudatum but is unlikely to be the same species as this is a warm temperate species. It is currently not identifiable with any records since 1804.
# Alphacrambus

Alphacrambus is a grass moth genus (family Crambidae) of subfamily Crambinae, tribe Crambini. Some authors have placed it in the snout moth family (Pyralidae), where all grass moths were once also included, but this seems to be in error.

## Species

* Alphacrambus cristatus Bassi, 1995
* Alphacrambus parvus Bassi, 1995
* Alphacrambus phoeostrigellus (Hampson, 1903)
* Alphacrambus prodontellus (Hampson, 1919)
* Alphacrambus razowskii (Bleszynski, 1961)
# Chateau Chevalier

Chateau Chevalier, at 3101 Spring Mountain Rd. in St. Helena, California in Napa Valley, was built in 1891. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
It was built for French immigrant and wine importer Fortune Chevalier. It reflects the "wine boom" era in Napa County, after phylloxera destroyed numerous vineyards in France, Europe.
The Chateau Chevalier Wine Cellar, 56 by 79 feet (17 m × 24 m) in plan, is a two-story stone building stepped into the hillside.
The listing included a second contributing building, a carriage house.
# Diploschistis

Diploschistis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Diploschistis stygiocrena, which is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
# Getang station

Getang station (Chinese: 葛塘站), is a metro station of Line S8 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 1 August 2014.
# Elisabeth Nauclér

Elisabeth Nauclér (born 7 March 1952 in Eda Municipality) is a Swedish-born Finnish independent politician and jurist. Naucler was the single member of parliament for the autonomous region of Åland in the Parliament of Finland. She sat with the mainland's Swedish People's Party in the parliament. In 2015 elections she was replaced by Mats Löfström. Nauclér's father was from Värmland in Sweden, and her mother was Norwegian.
Nauclér earned her degree in law in Uppsala University, and moved to Åland, Finland, with her Finnish husband. She began her career in the provincial administration of Åland in 1979 and continued until 2006. She was elected to the Parliament of Finland in the election of 2011 from the centre-right alliance Borgerlig allians (C, FS, Lib., Ob.).
# Chaddsford Winery

Chaddsford Winery is a Pennsylvania winery located in the Brandywine Valley, in Pennsbury Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1982, and is one of the largest wineries in the state, producing more than 30,000 cases annually.
The Winery operates a satellite Bottle Shop + Tasting Room in Lahaska, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
In 2012, founder Eric Miller left the company. Though its focus shifted towards sweet wines at the time, the Winery now produces a wide-ranging portfolio including sweet, off-dry, dry, and sparkling styles.
The Chaddsford 2017 Cabernet Franc was selected as a finalist in the 2019 PA Sommelier Judgement Day awards. Under current winemaker Gabriel Rubilar, Chaddsford 2020 Sparkling Sémillon was recognized as the Best Sparkling wine in the state of PA at the 2022 PA Sommelier Judgement Day awards.
The winery is known for producing approachable, food-friendly wines and sharing them in a casual, fun environment. They offer seasonal wine events throughout the year, including tastings and festivals, as well as operating a close-knit Wine Club community. Chaddsford's corporate goals include approachability, community and sustainability.
# Factory mark

A factory mark is a marking affixed by manufacturers on their productions in order to authenticate them. Numerous factory marks are known throughout the ages, and are essential in determining the provenance or dating of productions.

## History

The manufacturer's marks are very old: the ones found on Korakou culture pottery are four thousand years old, and the ones on ancient Greek and Roman vases date back to 5th-4th centuries BC. While the production marks are technically distinct from the ownership marks, at these times, when a craftsman typically was the same person as the merchant, and many people were illiterate, a single mark frequently served both purposes.
Medieval gilds set up the system of compulsory ("regulatory") marks for the craftsman, intended to trace the defective items and punish the offenders, with most typical examples provided by the bakery trade. In English weapons manufacturing (including cutlery) the regulations concerning the manufacturer marks were firmly established in the 14th century: no weapon shall be sold without a personal mark of the craftsman, misuse of the mark was subject to court actions.
The distinction between the factory marks and trademarks in England became clear by the 17th century in the cloth trade: the manufacturer marks (initials of the maker weaved into the cloth) were required from the producers by regulations and represented a liability, while the trademark (mark of the clothier) represented the goodwill, an asset, not of the actual craftsman, but of the capitalist who furnished the capital for the production. The rise of factory marks (at the expense of the marks of actual makers) was also occurring elsewhere, De Munck links this to changes in the labor relations and methods of production (molds for earthenware, for example, reduced potters to low-skilled laborers).

### Terminology

The terms "trademark", "brand", "certification mark" are very recent. The guild regulations were using "guild sign", "master sign", "quality mark", "sign", "mark", "signature". Modern researchers, when discussing historical marks, typically use "hallmark", and "trade mark" for guild marks, "monogram" for individual or company marks.

### Forgery

The factory marks have been imitated "profusely through the ages" in order to inflate the value of the goods, particularly the porcelain pieces, so accepting the mark at its face value requires a degree of care.

## Porcelain

Factory marks are essential in the area of porcelain production especially, where they are sometimes also called "backstamps", and where their absence would make authentication much more difficult. It is frequently claimed that the first factory mark on the European porcelain, in the shape of crossed swords, appeared on the Meissen pieces in 1720. Edwards points out to earlier examples of Saint-Cloud and Medici porcelain, but there is little doubt that the Meissen mark was the first ever on a commercial porcelain product.
* Meissen porcelain factory marks.
# Chateau Benares

Chateau Benares is an album by Sanjay Mishra, released in 2006.

## Critical reception

In The Washington Post, Mike Joyce wrote, "Thanks in no small part to Blue Incantation, a highly regarded collaboration with fellow guitarist Jerry Garcia released in 1995, Sanjay Mishra has developed a reputation for creating imaginative, cross-cultural soundscapes. Chateau Benares, in which East again coalesces with West in ways that sometimes border on the hypnotic, follows suit.... Whatever the album's commercial fate, Mishra's artistry and vision certainly deserve the exposure."

## Track listing

All music composed and arranged by Sanjay Mishra, except "Oriental", composed by Enrique Granados (arranged by Mishra for classical and fretless guitar)
* "A Different Morning" – 4:58
* "Loop 4" – 6:36
* "The Gateless Gate" – 6:24
* "Logical Journey" – 4:45
* "The Lady with the Flowers" – 1:39
* "Since Then" – 2:18
* "Oriental" – 5:01
* "The Bells of Heaven Ring" – 6:23
* "Raindrum" – 3:32
* "Mirror" – 3:54
* "Loop 4 Alternate" – 5:39
* "Oslo" – 2:15

## Personnel

Musicians
* Sanjay Mishra – MIDI nylon string electric guitar
* DJ Logic – turntables
* Keller Williams – guitar, electric bass
* Steve Gorn – bamboo flute
* Barun Pal – slide guitar
* Samir Chatterjee – tabla
* Miti – additional programming: mix, guitar, and bass
Production
* Sanjay Mishra – producer, mixing, mastering
* Brad Taishoff – executive producer
# Directorate 14

Directorate 14, also referred to as the Directorate of Special Operations or M14, was a branch of the Iraqi Intelligence Service under President Saddam Hussein. Headquartered in Salman Pak, this branch was one of the largest and most important directorates within the Iraqi Intelligence Service, and was responsible for the most secret and sensitive operations undertaken outside of Iraq, including espionage and assassination. Directorate 14 was also responsible for the training of officers for operations of this nature. It is also reported to have occasionally worked with the Iranian opposition group, the People's Mujahedin of Iran. The last known director for Directorate 14 was Muhammad Khudayr Sabah Al Dulaymi, and according to the Iraqi National Congress, was previously led by Brig Nouri Al Douri (Abu Ibrahim) from Jadriya.
Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Directorate 14 was entrusted with oversight of the Challenge Project. According to the Iraq Survey Group report:
   M14, directed by Muhammad Khudayr Sabah Al Dulaymi, was responsible for training and conducting special operations missions. It trained Iraqis, Palestinians, Syrians, Yemeni, Lebanese, Egyptian, and Sudanese operatives in counterterrorism, explosives, marksmanship, and foreign operations at its facilities at Salman Pak. Additionally, M14 oversaw the “Challenge Project,” a highly secretive project regarding explosives. Sources to date have not been able to provide sufficient details regarding the “Challenge Project.”
The report also stated that the Directorate was engaged in assassination attempts, including those of US President George H. W. Bush and Husayn Kamil, an Iraqi defector. It may have also been behind the assassination of Talib Al Suheil, an Iraqi dissident killed in 1994 in Beirut.
Soon after the 2003 invasion, Newsweek reported that a memo from the Directorate, dated October 29, 2002, raised the possibility that they had an informant inside the US intelligence community before the war: "one of our sources in the United States, with a high level of reliability, says the CIA and the so-called opposition have a joint plan to bring 'quislings' to Iraq from the north and south to gather information and await future missions. Our informant will be one of them."

## Structure

According to the Iraq Survey Group:
* Special Operations Department, composed of a foreign and a domestic section, performed government-sanctioned assassinations inside or outside of Iraq.
* The “Tiger Group” was similar to Special Operations, except that it was primarily composed of suicide bombers.
* The Training Department provided training for all IIS officers going abroad.
* The Counterterrorism Department handled counterterrorism activities in Iraq and at embassies; reportedly, it disarmed terrorists hijacking a Sudanese airliner from Saddam International Airport.
* The Administrative Department provided support services such as administration, finances, communications, and logistics.
* The Anti-Iranian Department infiltrated operatives into Iran for intelligence collection and operated against Iranian groups attempting to enter Iraq.
# Gheorghe Ștefan (politician)

Gheorghe Ștefan, also known as Pinalti (born April 23, 1953), is a Romanian politician who served as mayor of Piatra Neamț from 2004 to 2014. He was owner of FC Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț. He was a member of the Democratic Liberal Party.

## Microsoft licensing scandal

In the Microsoft licensing corruption scandal, Gheorghe Ștefan was sentenced on 24 March 2016 to 3 years imprisonment for influence peddling and to an asset forfeiture of €3 million. On 3 October 2016, the High Court of Cassation and Justice rendered the final judgment in the case and sentenced him to 6 years imprisonment and to an asset forfeiture of €3,996,360.
# Adibi

Adibi is a surname. People with this surname include:
* Akbar Adibi (1939–2000), Iranian electronic engineer, VLSI researcher, and university professor
* Nathaniel Adibi (born 1981), American footballer (defensive end)
* Saleh Adibi, Iranian academic and diplomat
* Xavier Adibi (born 1984), American footballer (linebacker)
# 1985 Guatemalan general election

General elections were held in Guatemala on 3 November 1985, with a second round of the presidential elections taking place on 8 December. The presidential election resulted in a victory for Vinicio Cerezo, who had received $650,000 towards his campaign from media owner Remigio Ángel González. The Congressional elections resulted in a victory for Cerezo's Guatemalan Christian Democracy, which won 51 of the 100 seats. Voter turnout was 69.3%.

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Vinicio Cerezo | Guatemalan Christian Democracy | 648,803 | 38.64 | 1,133,517 | 68.37 |
| | Jorge Carpio Nicolle | National Centre Union | 339,695 | 20.23 | 524,306 | 31.63 |
| | Jorge Serrano Elías | PRG–PCDN | 231,423 | 13.78 | | |
| | Mario Sandoval Alarcón | MLN–PID | 210,966 | 12.56 | | |
| | Mario David García Velásquez [es] | Nationalist Authentic Centre | 105,540 | 6.29 | | |
| | Mario Solórzano Martínez | Democratic Social Party | 57,368 | 3.42 | | |
| | Alejandro Maldonado | National Renewal Party | 52,949 | 3.15 | | |
| | Lionel Sisniega Otero Barrios | PUA–MEC–FUN [es] | 32,256 | 1.92 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 1,679,000 | 100.00 | 1,657,823 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,679,000 | 88.01 | 1,657,823 | 92.08 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 228,771 | 11.99 | 142,501 | 7.92 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,907,771 | 100.00 | 1,800,324 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,753,572 | 69.28 | 2,753,572 | 65.38 |
| Source: Nohlen, Rosón |||||||

### Congress

| Party | Party | National | National | National | District | District | District | Total seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats |
| | Guatemalan Christian Democracy | 648,803 | 38.64 | 11 | 575,785 | 34.59 | 40 | 51 |
| | National Centre Union | 339,695 | 20.23 | 5 | 342,742 | 20.59 | 17 | 22 |
| | PDCN–PRG | 231,423 | 13.78 | 4 | 225,246 | 13.53 | 7 | 11 |
| | MLN–PID | 210,966 | 12.56 | 3 | 254,276 | 15.27 | 9 | 12 |
| | Nationalist Authentic Centre | 105,540 | 6.29 | 1 | 104,374 | 6.27 | 0 | 1 |
| | Democratic Social Party | 57,368 | 3.42 | 1 | 60,946 | 3.66 | 1 | 2 |
| | National Renewal Party | 52,949 | 3.15 | 0 | 70,514 | 4.24 | 1 | 1 |
| | PUA–MEC–FUN [es] | 32,256 | 1.92 | 0 | 27,234 | 1.64 | 0 | 0 |
| | Democratic Civic Front | | | | 3,631 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1,679,000 | 100.00 | 25 | 1,664,748 | 100.00 | 75 | 100 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,679,000 | 88.01 | | 1,664,748 | 87.42 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 228,771 | 11.99 | | 239,488 | 12.58 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 1,907,771 | 100.00 | | 1,904,236 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,753,272 | 69.29 | | 2,753,272 | 69.16 | | |
| Source: Nohlen |||||||||
# 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group 8

The teams competing in Group 8 of the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championships qualifying competition were Israel, Portugal, Norway, Macedonia and Azerbaijan.
The ten group winners and the four best second-placed teams advanced to the play-offs.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | | |
| 1 | Portugal | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 6 | +16 | 24 | Play-offs | — | 3–0 | 5–1 | 3–1 | 2–0 |
| 2 | Israel | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 22 | 15 | +7 | 15 | | 3–4 | — | 4–1 | 7–2 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Norway | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 19 | −8 | 9 | | 1–2 | 1–3 | — | 1–3 | 2–1 |
| 4 | Azerbaijan | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 15 | −6 | 7 | | 0–2 | 3–0 | 0–1 | — | 0–0 |
| 5 | Macedonia | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 13 | −9 | 4 | | 0–1 | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–0 | — |

## Results and fixtures

All times are CEST (UTC+02:00) during summer and CET (UTC+01:00) during winter.

## Goalscorers
### 8 goals

* Mu'nas Dabbur

### 4 goals

* Ofir Mizrahi

### 3 goals

* Tuğrul Erat
* Dor Micha
* Mushaga Bakenga
* Ivan Cavaleiro
* Ricardo Pereira
* Bernardo Silva

### 2 goals

* Abdulla Abatsiyev
* Rahman Hajiyev
* Ağabala Ramazanov
* Dia Saba
* Darko Velkovski
* Etzaz Hussain
* William Carvalho
* Ricardo Esgaio
* Rafa Silva

### 1 goal

* Amir Agayov
* Shoval Gozlan
* Gil Itzhak
* Taleb Tawatha
* Boban Nikolov
* Tauljant Sulejmanov
* Valon Berisha
* Alexander Groven
* Håvard Nielsen
* Ohi Omoijuanfo
* Elbasan Rashani
* Betinho
* Bruma
* Edgar Ié
* Carlos Mané
* Sérgio Oliveira
* Tiago Ilori

### 1 own goal

* Amir Ben-Shimon (against Norway)
* Taleb Tawatha (against Portugal)
* Thomas Grøgaard (against Israel)
# Alsea Falls

Alsea Falls is a waterfall located in the Central Oregon Coast Range, 13 miles west of Monroe, in Benton County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is 30 feet fall and is part of the Alsea Falls trailhead and Recreation Site.

## Location

Alsea Falls is located along a Bureau of Land Management Back Country Byway surrounded by Oldgrowth Douglas fir and western redcedar forests. The waters of the Alsea Falls are located downstream of the South Fork Alsea River.

## History

The name of the waterfall and the river the forms it may have stemmed from Alsi, said to be a corruption of Alsea for native people who lived near the mouth of the river
# Cheakamus

Cheakamus is an anglicization of Chiyakmesh, the Skwxw7mesh language name for one of their villages, now located on Cheakamus Indian Reserve No. 11.
Cheakamus may also refer to:
* Cheakamus River
* Cheakamus Lake
* Cheakamus Powerhouse, on the Squamish River
* Cheakamus (ship), see Union Steamship Company of British Columbia
# Directorate General Munition Production

The Directorate General of Munitions Production (DGMP) is a department under the Ministry of Defense Production in Pakistan. It plays an important role in the country's defense procurement and production.

## Achievements
### Indigenous development of anti-ship cruise missiles

Under the leadership of Major General (retd) Ubaid bin Zakaria, DGMP has made significant progress in defense technology. A notable achievement is the successful test launch of the indigenously developed anti-ship cruise missile Harba. This missile has both anti-ship and land attack roles.

### Global arms market

Pakistan is making arrangements to target the global arms market through DGMP efforts. The country is focusing on reasserting its presence in the global arms and ammunition market. Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS) is one of the key players in the initiative.

## Autonomy

In February 2020, the federal government has decided to declare five institutions, including the DGMP of the Ministry of Defense Production, as autonomous institutions.

## Controversies

In October 2022, the Auditor General of Pakistan (AGP) discovered significant discrepancies. The DGMP and other departments were implicated in these irregularities, which amounted to Rs 21.4 billion and US$ 243 million. These departments failed to provide documents that could be audited due to reported discrepancies. These discrepancies were attributed to the unauthorized disbursement of special allowances at revised rates rather than at the frozen level, leading to a loss of Rs.93.40 million.