OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David MacGill

David MacGill, McGill or Makgill, Lord Cranston Riddell (1532–1595) was a 16th-century Scottish judge and Senator of the College of Justice and Lord Advocate of Scotland from 1582 to 1595.

## Life

He was born around 1532 in or near Edinburgh, the son of James MacGill of Nesbit, an Edinburgh burgess, and Provost of Edinburgh 1570/71 and his wife, Helen Wardlaw. He was born in the family home of Oxenfoord Castle on the Cranstoun Riddel (Cranston Riddell) estate south-east of Dalkeith. His eldest brother was James MacGill, Lord Rankeillor.
In June 1582 he was elected a Senator of the College of Justice and took the title Lord Cranston Riddell.
He died in or near Edinburgh on 13 February 1595. His place on the Senate was taken by his eldest son, also David MacGill in 1597, who continued the title Lord Cranston Riddell, causing some confusion between father and son.

## Family

On 11 May 1557 he married Elizabeth Forrester of Corstorphine. They had at least six children, the eldest being David Makgill (1558-1607).
His second son, Sir James MacGill was also a Senator and also known as Lord Cranston Riddell. He was later created Viscount of Oxfuird.
# David Lynn Golemon

David Lynn Golemon (David L. Golemon) is the author of paranormal thriller novels, notably the Event Group Thrillers.
In Event, the first book in the Event Group series, Major Jack Collins is drafted into the covert Event Group and investigates a UFO incident seemingly related to the Roswell UFO incident. The books often involve famous events and people from history, such as Jack the Ripper and Czar Nicholas II.
Golemon's book Legend was a New York Times best seller.

## Books
### Event Group series

* Event, St. Martin's Press, 2006
* Legend, St. Martin's Press, 2007
* Ancients, St. Martin's Press, 2008
* Leviathan, St. Martin's Press, 2009
* Primeval, St. Martin's Press, 2010
* Legacy, St. Martin's Press, 2011
* Ripper, St. Martin's Press, 2012
* Carpathian, St. Martin's Press, 2013
* Overlord, St. Martin's Press, 2014
* The Mountain, St. Martin's Press, 2015
* The Traveler, St. Martin's Press, 2016
* Beyond the Sea, St. Martin's Press, 2017
* Empire of the Dragon, Quoth Publications, 2018
* Season of the Witch, Quoth Publications, 2019
* Master of the World TBA

### The Supernaturals

* The Supernaturals: A Ghost Story, Seven Realms Publishing, 2011
* In the Still of the Night, St. Martin's Press, 2017
# David Murray

David Murray may refer to:

## Business

* David Murray (Australian businessman) (born 1949), CEO of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia
* Sir David Murray (Scottish businessman) (born 1951), chairman of Rangers Football Club
* David Isaac Murray (born 1983), American entrepreneur and computer scientist

## Entertainment

* Sir David Murray (painter) (1849–1933), Scottish landscape painter
* David Murray (saxophonist) (born 1955), American jazz saxophonist and clarinetist
* Dave Murray (musician) (born 1956), British guitarist for the heavy metal band Iron Maiden
* David Murray (actor) (born 1970), Irish actor

## Politics

* David Murray, 1st Viscount of Stormont (died 1631), Scottish courtier
* Sir David Murray (poet) (1567–1629), favourite of Henry, Prince of Wales
* David Murray, 5th Viscount of Stormont (1665–1731), Scottish peer
* David Murray, 6th Viscount of Stormont (c. 1690–1748), Scottish peer
* David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield (1727–1796), 7th Viscount of Stormont
* David Murray (1748–1794), MP for Peeblesshire and New Radnor
* David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield (1777–1840), British army officer and peer
* David Murray (South Australian politician) (1829–1907), member of lower house in the 1870s, upper house 1882 to 1891
* Sir David King Murray, Lord Birnam (1884–1955), Scottish politician and judge
* David Murray (New South Wales politician) (1885–1928), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
* David Murray (Scottish politician) (1900–?), Scottish nationalist and Liberal Party politician

## Sports
### Association football (soccer)

* David Murray (footballer, born 1882) (1882–1915), Scottish football player for Liverpool and Everton
* David Murray (soccer, born 1901) (1901–1992), South African football player for Bristol Rovers
* David Murray (footballer, born 1967), English football player for Chester City

### Other sports

* David Murray (racing driver) (1909–1973), Scottish Formula One driver
* David Murray (water polo) (1925–2020), British Olympic water polo player
* David Murray (cricketer) (1950–2022), West Indian cricketer
* Dave Murray (skier) (1953–1990), Canadian alpine skier
* David Murray (Australian footballer) (born 1955), Australian footballer for Melbourne
* Dave Murray (American football), American football coach and player

## Other

* David Murray (bishop), Anglican bishop
* David Murray (educator) (1830–1905), American educator and government adviser in Meiji period Japan
* David Murray (solicitor, born 1842) (1842–1928), Scottish lawyer, antiquarian, and bibliophile
* David Christie Murray (1847–1907), English journalist and writer
* David Stark Murray (1900–1977), British president of the Socialist Medical Association
* David Murray (RAF officer) (born 1963), British air marshal
* David Leslie Murray (1888–1962), British author and editor of the Times Literary Supplement
* Sir David Murray, 4th Baronet (died 1769), Scottish Jacobite soldier.
* David Murray, "The 8-Bit Guy", American retrocomputing enthusiast and YouTuber
# David Axon

David John Axon (1951 – 5 April 2012) was a British astrophysicist specialising in observations of active galactic nuclei. He was a professor at the University of Hertfordshire and the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), and at the time of his death was Head of the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Sussex.

## Early life

David Axon was born in Doncaster in the county of Yorkshire, England, to an English father and Welsh mother. He studied at the University of Durham (Hatfield College), where he earned a BSc in Physics in 1972. In 1978 he completed his Ph.D. at the same institution under the direction of Arnold Wolfendale. He subsequently held research fellowships at the University of Sussex, University College London and the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.

## Career

In 1983 Axon was appointed to a faculty position at the University of Manchester where he taught Physics and carried out research at the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratory at Jodrell Bank Observatory. In 1993 he took up an appointment at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore where he was the instrument scientist responsible for the NICMOS near infra-red camera. He returned to Manchester in 1998 but the following year was appointed Professor and Head of the Department of Physical Sciences at the University of Hertfordshire. From 2002–2008 he was Professor and Chair of the Physics Department at RIT. He maintained a research chair at Hertfordshire.

## Contributions

David Axon was a leading expert in the field of astronomical polarimetry and the phenomenology of active galactic nuclei. His scientific accomplishments included discovery of the first, X-ray selected BL Lac object, discovery of the first "superwind" galaxy, and discovery of strong magnetic fields in the jets of young stellar objects.

## Death

David Axon died in 2012 of an apparent heart attack while visiting RIT.
# Amphiodia urtica

Amphiodia urtica, commonly known as the burrowing brittle star or the long arm brittle star, is a species of brittle star belonging to the family Amphiuridae. It is found on the Pacific coast of North America at depths down to about 370 m (1,200 ft).

## Description

The central disc is pentagonal and up to 9 mm (0.4 in) in diameter. It has a somewhat inflated appearance and is scattered with small plates on the aboral (upper) side, with larger plates close to the paired radial shields at the base of the arms (rays). The five slender arms taper to a point and consist of a number of articulated joints each topped by an oval plate wider than it is long. There is a curved spine on this plate and three slightly flattened spines projecting laterally on either side of each joint on the arm. The length of each arm is from 12 to 21 times the diameter of the disc. The color of this brittle star is grayish-brown or reddish-brown, with a paler patch at the outer end of the radial shields.

## Distribution and habitat

Amphiodia urtica is native to the west coast of North America, its range extending from Alaska to Mexico. Although it can occur intertidally, it is more often in the subtidal zone at depths down to about 370 m (1,200 ft). It occurs on muddy bottoms where it immerses itself in the sediment, raising its arms into the water above to catch food particles floating by. On the continental shelf it can occur in large numbers.

## Ecology

This brittle star is predated by flatfish such as sole as well as by sand stars. The arms are most vulnerable and often get torn off or damaged, and both the arms and the aboral surface of the disc can be regenerated. The sexes are separate in this species, which commonly lives for five years. A polychaete worm, Malmgreniella lunulata, sometimes lives on the arms and a copepod sometimes inhabits the stomach.
# Dendrobium taylorii

Dendrobium taylorii, commonly known as the smooth burr orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to tropical North Queensland, Australia. It has a single leathery, dark green leaf on a cylindrical stem and one or two small white flowers. Unlike other burr orchids, this species is insect-pollinated. It grows in rainforest, mangroves and sheltered forests.

## Description

Dendrobium taylorii is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that usually forms small, dense clumps. It has a cylindrical stem, 40–100 mm (2–4 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide with a single leathery, oblong, dark green leaf 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long and 8–120 mm (0.31–4.7 in) wide. There are one or two white flowers 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) wide open at a time. The dorsal sepal is oblong, about 6 mm (0.24 in) long, 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. The lateral sepals are about the same length but twice as wide and the petals are about the same length but less than 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The labellum is about 8 mm (0.31 in) long and 5 mm (0.2 in) wide with three lobes. The side lobes are oblong and the middle lobe is fleshy, turns downwards and is densely covered with hairs. Flowering occurs between November and May, the flowers insect-pollinated and remain open for many weeks.

## Taxonomy and naming

The smooth burr orchid was first formally described in 1874 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Bulbophyllum taylori. He published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from a specimen collected near the Bloomfield River by Norman Taylor. In 1885 Frederick Manson Bailey changed the name to Dendrobium taylorii. The specific epithet (taylorii) honours the collector of the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

Dendrobium taylorii grows on trees and rocks in rainforest, mangroves and sheltered forests between the Iron Range and Townsville in North Queensland, Australia.
# Blackett Strait

8°7′0″S 157°0′0″E﻿ / ﻿8.11667°S 157.00000°E﻿ / -8.11667; 157.00000
Blackett Strait is a waterway in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands. It lies between the islands of Kolombangara to the north, and Arundel Island (Kohinggo) to the south. It connects Vella Gulf to the west with Kula Gulf to the east. It is almost certainly named after Lt. Frederick Arthur Blackett (1846-1880), the youngest son of Sir Edward Blackett 6th Bt., who served on HMS Thalia as part of the China Station from 1872 to 1873.

## Battle of Blackett Strait

During the Solomon Islands campaign in World War II, the Battle of Blackett Strait was fought here between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States Navy on the night of 5–6 March 1943.

## PT-109

Another engagement occurred in Blackett Strait when a force of PT boats were sent to intercept the "Tokyo Express" supply convoy on 2 August. In what National Geographic called a "poorly planned and badly coordinated" attack, 15 boats with 60 available torpedoes went into action. However, of the 30 torpedoes fired, not a single hit was scored.
In that battle, only four PT boats (the section leaders) had radar, and they were ordered to return to base after firing their torpedoes on radar bearings. When they left, the remaining boats were virtually blind and without verbal orders, thus leading to more confusion.
Patrolling just after the section leader had departed for home, PT-109 (captained by John F. Kennedy) was run down on a dark moonless night by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri, returning from the supply mission. The PT boat had her engines at idle to hide her wake from seaplanes. Conflicting statements have been made as to whether the destroyer captain spotted and steered towards the boat. Members of the destroyer crew believed the collision was not an accident, though other reports suggest Amagiri's captain never realized what happened till after the fact.
The crew was assumed lost by the U.S. Navy, but they had been observed by Reg Evans, a coastwatcher, and were found some days later by Solomon Islander scouts dispatched by Evans in a dugout canoe, Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana.
# Basher Hassan

Sheikh Basharat "Basher" Hassan (born 24 March 1944) is a retired Kenyan first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club from 1966 to 1985. A right-handed batsman, he made 14,394 runs at an average of 29.07.

## Biography

After playing club cricket in Kenya, Hassan made his first-class debut for an East African Invitation XI against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1963. He moved to England and made his debut for Nottinghamshire in 1966 against Oxford University whilst serving the then mandatory period of qualification. Having made 579 runs in 1967 he was forced to sit out the 1968 season when Gary Sobers was engaged. Initially a wicketkeeper, he developed as an opening batsman although he occasionally kept wicket in List A cricket. He was a notable fieldsman; in 1971 Wisden said that "his brilliance in the covers stamped him as one of the outstanding men in this position in the country" and that his team-mates were "fired by the example of the enthusiastic Hassan".
He became a regular member of the Nottinghamshire first team in 1969 and scored 1,000 runs in a season on five occasions and scored fifteen centuries. His highest score was 182 not out against Gloucestershire in 1977. In List A matches his highest was 120 not out against Warwickshire in 1981.
He was notably omitted from the East Africa team (which included Kenya the country of his birth) selected to play in the inaugural Cricket World Cup in 1975. Despite his experience in first-class cricket he was overlooked likely as selectors supposedly made a point of picking players that were currently living and playing in East Africa.
He was 12th man for England in a Test in 1985 at Trent Bridge during the Ashes series after which he retired from county cricket. He was for some years the Nottinghamshire Development Manager.
# 2019 in the Czech Republic

Events in the year 2019 in the Czech Republic.

## Incumbents

* President – Miloš Zeman
* Prime Minister – Andrej Babiš

## Events

* 24 and 25 May – Scheduled date for the 2019 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic
* 10 December – Ostrava hospital attack: In Ostrava, a man opens fire in a hospital's waiting room, killing six people before fleeing and subsequently shooting himself dead.

## Deaths

* 5 January – Milan Jankovič [cs], literary scholar, expert in Bohumil Hrabal work (b. 1929).
* 7 January – Ivan Mašek, dissident, economist and politician, Deputy (b. 1948).
* 10 January – Karel Bican [cs], priest and ex-bishop of Czechoslovak Hussite Church (b. 1951).
* 15 January – Antonín Kramerius, footballer (b. 1939).
* 26 January – Luděk Munzar, actor (b. 1933).
* 20 April – Luděk Bukač, ice hockey player and manager (b. 1935).
* 29 April – Josef Šural, footballer (b. 1990)
* 1 October – Karel Gott, singer, actor, songwriter, painter (b. 1939)
# Şırnak District

Şırnak District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Şırnak Province of Turkey and encompasses the main provincial city of Şırnak. In 2023, the district had a population of 108,699. Its area is 1,701 km$^2$.

## Settlements

Şırnak District contains three beldes, thirty-eight villages of which nineteen are unpopulated and fifty-nine hamlets.

### Municipalities

* Balveren (Melê)
* Kasrik
* Kumçatı (Dergul)
* Şırnak

### Villages

* Akçay (Dêra)
* Alkemer (Dêrşew)
* Anılmış (Gundikê Remo)
* Araköy (Kirun)
* Atbaşı (Fêrisan)
* Bağpınar (Çînete)
* Başağaç (Medikeyan)
* Boyunkaya (Sipîndarok)
* Cevizdüzü (Cifane)
* Çadırlı (Kendalî)
* Çakırsöğüt (Şîlyan)
* Dağkonak (Nerex)
* Dereler (Avyan)
* Geçitboyu (Bîryan)
* Görmeç (Bîyave)
* Güleşli (Berê Mirê)
* Günedoğmuş (Qernêh)
* Güneyce (Navyan)
* Güneyçam (Banê)
* İkizce (Milga Şantiyê)
* İnceler (Basret)
* Kapanlı (Êrê)
* Karageçit (Sipîvyan)
* Kavuncu (Nanîp)
* Kayaboyun (Şerefî)
* Kemerli (Gilindur)
* Kırkkuyu (Deştalela)
* Kızılsu (Zûrîn)
* Koçağılı (Bêsûkê)
* Koçbeyi (Banê Mihinda)
* Körüklükaya (Nehke)
* Kuşkonar (Giver)
* Seslice (Meydin)
* Tekçınar (Berkevir)
* Toptepe (Avka Meziyan)
* Üçkıraz (Nêvava)
* Yeniaslanbaşar (Mila Kere)
* Yoğurtçular (Heştan)

## Population

Population history from 2007 to 2023:
# Đuka Begović

Đuka Begović is a Croatian film directed by Branko Schmidt. It was released in 1991. This film is based on Ivan Kozarac's novel which tells the life of a fictional character named Đuka from childhood to his material and spiritual ruin.
# Ševčiny mine

The Ševčiny mine (Czech: Ševčinský důl, also důl Ševčiny or šachta císaře Františka Josefa I or francšachta) is a retired silver and lead ore mine at Březové Hory, Czech republic. Today the mine is a Czech national monument and is managed by the Mining Museum Příbram.
The mine was given its name according to the Ševčiny vein, which was one of the most important veins in the mineral district Březové Hory.
The maximum depth reached at Ševčiny mine was 1 108.2 meters in 1914. The mine consists 35 floors and, like most mines in the area, is connected with the other mines by the Dědičná adit. The pit profile is 5.4x3 m.

## History

The mine was founded in 1813 at the instigation of the Higher Mining Authority, who proposed that a new pit be established on the Martyrs' vein (Mučednická žíla). A pump shaft already has existed here since 1600. Since the vein led vertically downwards, only few horizontal corridors had to be driven.
Mine heyday was the second half of the 19th century. In 1878, a depth of 433.3 m was reached. In 1880, a steam engine was installed at the mine, allowing mining from greater depths. This led to new operational buildings construction in 1879-80. The maximum mine depth was reached in 1909 - 1092.1 m on the 32nd floor. In 1884, a narrow-gauge mining railway was established to connect the Ševčiny mine, through the Ševčiny adit, with the treatment plants at the Vojtěch mine.
In 1910 the pit operation was stopped for economic reasons, although it was sporadically mined during the 20th century.

## Present

In 1978, after the mining in the Březové Hory district was suspended, the pit operation ceased and in 1989 the pit was closed by backfill. In 1978-79 the mine became the foundation of the newly established Mining Museum Příbram. The Ševčiny mine complex includes:
* Shaft building
* Engine room (mining supercharger), Gallows Frame
* Show room
* Cáchovna (registration room, 1880) - exposition of mining history
* Driving wheel from mining lift used from the 16th till the 19th century, Middle Ages pulley and miners' bell tower
* miners' spa
Despite its relatively small dimensions, the shaft building with the mining tower (the only preserved steel mining tower in Březové Hory) represents a jewel of industrial architecture of central European importance. It can be considered one of the most beautiful (and also the best preserved and most valuable heritage) mining towers in central Europe.

## Recognition

It was declared a Czech national monument in 1958 and was added to the national cultural monuments list in 2014 as part of the Mining Monuments Complex in Březové Hory.
In 2007 the Czech National bank issued a 2500 CZK commemorative gold coin as part of the Industrial Heritage Sites series. The coin was designed by Luboš Charvát.
# Łódź Andrzejów railway station

Łódź Andrzejów (Polish pronunciation:) is a railway station located in the city of Łódź, in Andrzejów estate, which itself is a part of Widzew district. It was opened in 1865 as one of the stations located between Łódź and Koluszki. The station was incorporated into the city in 1988. Currently it is used mostly by commuter trains, as well as freight trains carrying aggregate to the unloading ramp, which has its branch track going out of station.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* InterRegio services (IR) Łódź Fabryczna — Warszawa Glowna
* InterRegio services (IR) Łódź Kaliska — Warszawa Glowna
* InterRegio services (IR) Ostrów Wielkopolski — Łódź — Warszawa Główna
* InterRegio services (IR) Poznań Główny — Ostrów Wielkopolski — Łódź — Warszawa Główna
* Regional services (PR) Łódź Fabryczna — Częstochowa
* Regional services (PR) Łódź Kaliska — Częstochowa
* Regional services (PR) Łódź Kaliska — Skarżysko-Kamienna
# Łódź (disambiguation)

Łódź is a city in central Poland.
Łódź may also refer to:
* Łódź (European Parliament constituency)
* Łódź Voivodeship
* Łódź, Gostyń County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Łódź, Poznań County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
# Şirvani Mosque

Şirvani Camii, Şirvani Mehmet Efendi Camii or İki Şerefeli Camii is a mosque in Gaziantep, Turkey.
It is located in the Seferpaşa neighborhood, southwest of Gaziantep Castle. The mosque, which is one of the oldest in the city, was undertaken by Şirvani Mehmet Effendi.
Another name for the mosque is the İki Şerefeli Camii (Double Balcony Mosque) because, unlike conventional mosques which have only one, its minaret has two balconies. Also distinctively, the minbar is located in a special slot and is moved out for special services.
On 6 February 2023, the mosque was seriously damaged by two consecutive earthquakes.
# 侍

侍 is a Chinese character with meanings:
* serve, attend upon
* attendant, servant
It may refer to:
* Samurai
* Name for offices in charge of royal affairs during the Joseon Dynasty
# 允恭

允恭, meaning fair, respectful,may refer to:
* Emperor Ingyō (允恭天皇), 19th Emperor of Japan
* Lei Yungong (雷允恭; died 1022), Song dynasty palace eunuch
* Wanyan Yungong (完顏允恭; 1146－1185), imperial prince of China's Jurchen-led Jin dynasty
# Živko Jugović

Živko Jugović (Čačak, Principality of Serbia, 13 March 1855 ― Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 24 September 1908) was a Serbian painter of religious themes.

## Biography

Born on 13 March 1855 in Čačak, Principality of Serbia. He finished his gymnasium in Belgrade before the Metropolitan of Belgrade Mihailo sent him to Imperial Russia for higher education, and to specialize in iconography.
He was first sent to Sergiyev Posad to the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (1870), Kiev Pechersk Lavra (1871 to 1873), Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1873) and later the Department of Education in Serbia made it possible for him to study in Italy at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia (1877-= to 1878), Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze (1879) and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich (1880).
He then went to paint ten iconostases vesting the new artistic trends in all of them. His work can be seen in Mali Leskovac (1894), Pakrac where he worked with colleague and painter Steva Todorović), Jagodina where he did the wall paintings, in Trnava, and in Ružica Church in Belgrade (1901).
He also painted the iconostasis in his native Serbian church in Kragujevac which he completed in the year 1904 with his young assistant Milan Milovanović. It was at the same time when sculptor Đorđe Jovanović, working in Kragujevac, finished his monument to the heroes of the Battle of Kosovo.