OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bliss v Canada (AG)

Bliss v Canada (AG) [1979] 1 S.C.R. 183 is a famous Supreme Court of Canada decision on equality rights for women under the Canadian Bill of Rights. The Court held that women were not entitled to benefits denied to them by the Unemployment Insurance Act during a certain period of pregnancy. This case has since become the prime example demonstrating the inadequacies of the Canadian Bill of Rights in upholding and protecting individuals' rights. This ruling was eventually overturned in Brooks v. Canada Safeway Ltd., [1989] 1 SCR 1219.

## Background

Stella Bliss had to leave her work due to pregnancy four days before giving birth. Due to her situation she was not entitled to full benefits under section 30 of the Act, but rather she was subject to section 46 which denied her benefits for a period of six weeks after childbirth.
Bliss challenged the limitation of benefits under section 46 as a violation of section 1(b) of the Bill of Rights which protects against discrimination based on sex and ensures "the right of the individual to equality before the law and the protection of the law". Bliss claimed that the law violated her right to "equality before the law".
The Board of Referees, then the employment tribunal, rejected her claim, but on appeal to the "Umpire," she succeeded. At the Federal Court of Appeal, the Umpire's decision was overturned.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice Ritchie, writing for a unanimous court, held that the Act was valid and did not violate the Bill of Rights equality provision.
Richie noted that the Act was a complete code that took into account the interests of women, and "any inequality between the sexes in this area is not created by legislation but by nature." This means that while the Bill of Rights guards against sex discrimination, in this case the discrimination was not against women but pregnant people. He rejected the argument that section 46 denied "equality before the law" and found that the Act was a perfectly valid exercise of Parliament's authority to create legislation.

## Aftermath

The decision in this case later influenced the equality rights in section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
In Brooks v. Safeway Canada (1989), the Supreme Court overturned Bliss. The Court found discrimination against pregnant people to be discrimination against women under the provincial Human Rights Code of Manitoba. Like Bliss, Brooks was not a Charter case, though the Court did consider a definition of discrimination under the Charter case Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia.
Stella Bliss died of brain cancer at age 56 in Victoria, British Columbia, in 1997.
# Bill Foster (director)

Billy Ray "Bill" Foster (April 7, 1932 – February 2, 2011) was an American television director known for his work with sitcoms. His credits, which spanned more than fifty years and encompassed hundreds of hours, included episodes of Full House, Sanford and Son, Amen, Marblehead Manor and You Again?.
Foster directed the 1967 pilot episode of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, which earned him the only Emmy nomination of his career. Foster went on to direct the television broadcasts of the 23rd and 24th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1971 and 1972 respectively. He also directed the AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute to James Cagney in 1974, for which he won a Directors Guild of America Award in 1975.
In 1986, Foster directed the live syndicated special, The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults, which was hosted by Geraldo Rivera. The special, which advertised the potential to find the secrets of Al Capone buried in a vault beneath the Lexington Hotel in Chicago, turned up very little.
Foster spent much of his career directing television sitcoms, especially during the 1970s and 1980s. He directed 43 episodes of the sitcom, Benson, between 1982 and 1986. Foster also directed 36 separate episodes of NBC's Amen, which starred Sherman Hemsley and Clifton Davis, between 1986 and 1989. Foster largely retired after directing 23 episodes of the ABC television series, Full House, from 1989 to 1990.
Foster died of cancer on February 2, 2011, in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife, Lynn, and children, Julia, Susan and Michael.
# 1101 in Italy

Events during the year 1101 in Italy.

## Deaths

* Roger I of Sicily
* Walter of Albano
* Anselm IV (archbishop of Milan)

## Sources

* Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
* Barlow, Frank (1983). William Rufus. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04936-5.
* Cantor, Norman F. (1958). Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England 1089–1135. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. OCLC 186158828.
* Mason, Emma (2005). William II: Rufus, the Red King. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3528-0.
* Robinson, Ian Stuart (1990). The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31922-6.
* Southern, R. W. (1990). Saint Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36262-8.
* Vaughn, Sally N. (1987). Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-05674-4.
* Landolfo Iuniore di San Paolo. Historia Mediolanensis.
* Ghisalberti, Alberto M. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: III Ammirato – Arcoleo. Rome, 1961.
# Church of St. James the Greater, Sokolniki

The Church of St. James the Greater Apostle is a parish in Sokolniki, Września County, Poland, built in the thirteenth century. Its consecration took place in 1416. The current church, constructed in neo-baroque style, was built 1926 and consecrated by August Hlond on 28 August 1932 and it was designated on 26 April 1974. It is one of 10 parishes within the deanery. On 6 September 2009, the Board of Greater Poland approved the list of operations for the Rural Development Programme for the years 2007 to 2013. The district thus received a grant to repair the church roof.

## Documents

Parish registers:
* Baptisms since 1795
* Marriages since 1795
* Deaths since 1795
# Declaratory power

The declaratory power, in Scots law, is an unusual power held by the High Court of Justiciary, which enables it to declare behaviour to be criminal, even if that behaviour had not been previously defined as criminal activity.
This power has been used conservatively in the modern period, generally only in cases where an act is clearly comparable to an existing crime; it has, for example, been used to declare the selling of glue-sniffing kits criminal. As the specific boundaries of many offences are left somewhat loosely defined, it can be difficult to distinguish the application of the declaratory power from cases where the court interprets existing legislation to cover new situations.
# Eriocampa tulameenensis

Eriocampa tulameenensis is an extinct species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae that is known from early to early middle Eocene lake deposits near the small community of Princeton, British Columbia in the Similkameen region.

## History and classification

Eriocampa tulameenensis is known only from one fossil, the holotype, number "GSC No. 22688". It is a single, mostly complete adult of undetermined sex, preserved as a compression fossil in fine grained shale. The shale specimen is from deposits along the Canadian Pacific rail line in the Similkameen Country of British Columbia, Canada. The type specimen is currently preserved in the Geological Survey of Canada paleoentomological collections in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. E. tulameenensis was first studied by Harington M. A. Rice of the Geological Survey of Canada, with his 1968 type description being published in the Geological Survey of Canada professional paper number 67-59. The specific epithet tulameenensis was coined in reference to the Tulameen River near where the fossil was collected in 1957, while the river is from the Nlaka'pamux language meaning "red earth".
Eriocampa tulameenensis is the largest species of Eriocampa to be described in the type paper, though the dismembered condition of the body made measurement unpractical. Due to the preservation condition Harington M. A. Rice noted the assignment of the species to Eriocampa as tentative and based on the similarities of the fore wing to other members of the genus. The single known specimen possesses a head, part of the thorax and posterior areas of the abdomen which are dark brown to black. Where they are visible the antennae are filiform and brown to dark brown. The central segments of the abdomen appear to have been pale colored. The well preserved wings are hyaline with dark brown to dark amber veins. Unfortunately the specimen is missing portions of its legs and antennae. E. tulameenensis is distinguished from members of the related genus Pseudosiobla in general and P. campbelli found in the related "Horsefly shale" deposits near Horsefly, British Columbia by several features, E. tulameenensis is notably smaller than members of Pseudosiobla and the fore wing vein patterning is distinct.
There are six other described species of Eriocampa from the fossil record, E. bruesi, E. celata, E. pristina, E. scudderi, E. synthetica, and E. wheeleri. All are described and known only from specimens found in the younger Florissant Formation of Colorado which, at 39 million years old, is younger in age then the Princeton locality, dated to approximately 49 million years old. E. tulameenensis can be distinguished from all the younger species in that E. tulameenensis is the largest species of the seven.
# East Halton railway station

vtePassenger lines of North East Lincolnshire :
Legend :
East Halton railway station was located on Skitter Road north of East Halton, Lincolnshire, England.
The station was built by the Barton and Immingham Light Railway under the auspices of the Great Central Railway. The line's primary purpose was to enable workers to get to and from Immingham Dock which was being built at the time the line was opened. The typical journey time to the dock was fifteen minutes.
The station was the only one on the line built with two brick faced platforms, though the second track and platform were removed in later years. In 1954 the platform facilities consisted of a seat, a corrugated iron shelter a station sign reading East Halton Halt and two lamps.
Shortly after closure the track was lifted for about 100 yards from the junction at Goxhill, leaving the line through the station as a long siding which was sometimes used to store redundant wagons. Some time later the track was lifted through the station almost to Killingholme Admiralty Platform. In 2015 the line of route was still plain to see.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Goxhill Line closed, station open | Great Central Railway Barton and Immingham Light Railway | Killingholme Admiralty Platform Line and station closed |
# Barnes City

Barnes City may refer to:
* Barnes City, Iowa, United States
* Barnes City, California, United States (1920–1927), the early 20th century winter home of Al G. Barnes Circus incorporated and zoned for approximately seven months in 1927
# Coscinida yei

Coscinida yei is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in China.
# Blissus

Blissus is a genus in the true bug family Blissidae, commonly called chinch bugs in North America. The review by Slater (1979) listed 27 species. The species B. leucopterus, B. occiduus and B. insularis are important pests of cereal crops and turf grasses in their different ranges in the United States.

## List of species

* Blissus antillus Leonard, 1968
* Blissus arenarius Barber, 1918
** Blissus arenarius maritimus Leonard, 1966
* Blissus barberi Leonard, 1968
* Blissus bosqi Drake, 1940
* Blissus brasiliensis Drake, 1951
* Blissus breviusculus Barber, 1937
* Blissus canadensis Leonard, 1970
* Blissus hygrobius (Jensen-Haarup, 1920)
* Blissus insularis Barber, 1918 - southern chinch bug
* Blissus iowensis Andre, 1937
* Blissus leucopterus (Say, 1831) - true chinch bug
** Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon, 1893 - hairy chinch bug
* Blissus minutus (Blatchley, 1925)
* Blissus mixtus Barber, 1937
* Blissus nanus Barber, 1937
* Blissus occiduus Barber, 1918 - western chinch bug
* Blissus omani Barber, 1937
* Blissus parasitaster (Bergroth, 1903)
* Blissus penningtoni Drake, 1941
* Blissus planarius Barber, 1937
* Blissus planus Leonard, 1968
* Blissus pulchellus Montandon, 1893
* Blissus richardsoni Drake, 1940
* Blissus slateri Leonard, 1968
* Blissus sweeti Leonard, 1968
* Blissus villosus Barber, 1937
* Blissus weiseri (Drake, 1951)
* Blissus yumana Drake, 1951
# Bill Fox (goldminer)

William Fox (c. 1827–9 April 1890) was a New Zealand gold prospector and goldminer. He was born in Ireland on c. 1827. After his discovery of gold in the Arrow River in Otago in 1862 the mining township that sprang up was briefly known as Fox's, before becoming Arrowtown.
# 1305 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1305 in the Kingdom of Scotland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Vacant

## Events

* May – a parliament meets in Perth to elect the Scottish delegation to the Westminster parliament.
* 5 August – John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to King Edward of England, captures William Wallace and turns him over to English soldiers at Robroyston.
* September – parliament meets and spends 20 days drafting an ordinance for Scottish administration. John of Brittany is appointed to serve as Guardian, assisted by a council of 22 Scottish aristocrats.
* Approximate date – Scottish physician Bernard Gordon writes his short treatise Lilium medicinae which will become the first known book by a Scot to be printed (c. 1480 in Paris).

## Deaths

* 23 August – William Wallace, landowner and leader of Scottish resistance. Executed in London.
# Defence industry of Bangladesh

The defence industry of Bangladesh is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Bangladesh.The Government of Bangladesh is actively seeking to upgrade its military and security capabilities and has allocated increasing amounts to its defense and security-related budget.
The Directorate General of Defense Procurement (DGDP) manages procurements for the Ministry of Defense and the various armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Tenders for security and defense equipment and services are frequently open only to international bidders. Low pricing remains an issue for U.S. bidders, especially for items that can be procured regionally. In 2002, China and Bangladesh signed a "Defence Cooperation Agreement" which covers military training and defence production.

## Future modernization plans

Bangladesh has made a long term modernisation plan for its Armed Forces named Forces Goal 2030. The plan includes the modernization and expansion of all equipment and infrastructures and providing enhanced training.

## Military budget

An amount of Tk348.42 billion ($4.4 billion) was proposed for the Defence Ministry in the national budget for outgoing fiscal year.
* Bangladesh Army – $1.97 billion (৳16817 crore)
* Bangladesh Navy – $742.78 million (৳6330 crore)
* Bangladesh Air Force – $474.3 million (৳556.56 crore)

## Major manufacturers

* Bangabandhu Aeronautical Centre
* Bangladesh Machine Tools Factory
* Bangladesh Ordnance Factories
* Chittagong Dry Dock Limited
* Dockyard and Engineering Works Limited
* Khulna Shipyard
# Eriviat Hall

Eriviat Hall is a historic country house set in a 9-acre estate in Henllan, Denbighshire, United Kingdom, which was the home of the Ffoulkes family and their descendants from the Middle Ages until the early twentieth century. The property is now privately owned by a British businessman.

## History

Eriviat was associated with the Foulkes family for over 10 generations from the Middle Ages. One of the first owners was Ednyfed ap Goronwy Llwyd (fl.1457). His son was Einion Llwyd. Ednyfed's great-great-grandson was Thomas ap Goronwy (fl.1524–45) whose son, ffoulke ap Thomas ap Goronwy (fl.1539–73), provided the family with its original name, Foulkes.
The estate passed through several generations until the death of Robert ffoulkes in 1728. His brother Peter's fifth son, John ffoulkes (1699–1758), also acquired by marriage the Rhydonen estate in Llantysilio, Denbighshire, through his marriage with Catherine, daughter and heir of Henry Roberts.
Later owners included John ffoulkes (1736–1814), John Powell ffoulkes (1770–1826) and John Jocelyn ffoulkes (1813–58) whose second daughter Edith Caroline married P.H. Humberston of Glan y Wern, Denbighshire. John Proudlock bought the house in 2005. It was taken over by Conrad Proudlock when John passed away. It is now liquidated. It has hosted the actor Kit Harington amongst others.
As of 2021, it was on the market for £1.5m and subsequently sold to a private buyer.

## Architecture

The original house may have dated from c.1467. The present house is a brick-built two-storey house. The entrance elevation has a three-gable, four-window front, and the remaining windows have mullions and transoms.
# East Hall

East Hall may refer to:
* East Hall (Ocala, Florida), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, Florida
* East Hall (Tufts University), a historic academic building on the grounds of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts
* East Hall (Kalamazoo, Michigan), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Kalamazoo County, Michigan
* East Hall (Institute, West Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Kanawha County, West Virginia
# Bignami (Milan Metro)

Bignami is the northern terminus station of Line 5 of the Milan Metro. The station is located at the intersection of Viale Fulvio Testi and Via Emilio Bignami, near the border with Sesto San Giovanni.
Like the adjacent street, it commemorates Emilio Bignami, a 19th-century engineer who pioneered modern water and sewage services for the city of Milan.
# Barnegat Lighthouse State Park

Barnegat Lighthouse State Park is located on the northern tip of Long Beach Island in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The area where the lighthouse stands was regarded as one of the most important navigational points for ships bound to and from New York Harbor. The ships were dependent upon the Barnegat Lighthouse to avoid the shoals extending from the shoreline. The fast currents, shifting sandbars, and offshore shoals challenged sailors. The park is included as a maritime site on the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

## Barnegat Lighthouse

The lighthouse is a popular tourist site due to its view of the surrounding areas. The lighthouse is open from Memorial Day to Labor Day (weather permitting).

## Trails

* The Maritime Forest Trail is a 1/5-mile long, self-guided loop trail through maritime forest on Long Beach Island. The trail is classified as easy to moderate.

## Historical sites

The Barnegat Lighthouse Interpretive Center is open to those wishing to learn the history and environment surrounding the Barnegat Lighthouse.
# Corotocini

Corotocini is a tribe of rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. It contains 68 genera classified within the following 12 subtribes:
* Abrotelina Seevers, 1957
* Corotocina Fenyes, 1918
* Eburniogastrina Jacobson, Kistner & Pasteels, 1986
* Nasutitellina Jacobson, Kistner & Pasteels, 1986
* Sphuridaethina Pace, 1988
* Termitocharina Seevers, 1957
* Termitocupidina Jacobson, Kistner & Pasteels, 1986
* Termitogastrina Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926
* Termitoiceina Jacobson, Kistner & Pasteels, 1986
* Termitopithina Jacobson, Kistner & Pasteels, 1986
* Termitoptochina Fenyes, 1921
* Timeparthenina Fenyes, 1921
# Big Fish (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Filmtracks | |
Big Fish: Music from the Motion Picture is the thirty-fifth soundtrack album by American music composer Danny Elfman. It was released on December 23, 2003, by Sony Classical to promote the 2003 American fantasy comedy-drama film Big Fish.
The album was nominated for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

## Track listing

* "Man of the Hour" – Pearl Jam (3:45)
* "Dinah" – Bing Crosby (2:17)
* "Everyday" – Buddy Holly (2:09)
* "All Shook Up" – Elvis Presley (1:58)
* "Five O'Clock World" – The Vogues (2:10)
* "Ramblin' Man" – The Allman Brothers Band (4:57)
* "Let's Work Together" – Canned Heat (3:13)
* "Pictures" (0:45)
* "Big Fish (Titles)" (4:32)
* "Shoe Stealing" (0:54)
* "Underwater" (1:53)
* "Sandra's Theme" (2:22)
* "The Growing Montage" (2:40)
* "Leaving Spectre" (1:59)
* "Return to Spectre" (2:12)
* "Rebuilding" (1:18)
* "The Journey Home" (2:10)
* "In the Tub" (1:18)
* "Sandra's Farewell" (1:16)
* "Finale" (11:10)
* "End Titles" (2:41)
* "Jenny's Theme" (1:45)
* "Twice the Love (Siamese Twin's Song)" – Bobbi Page and Candice Rump (1:49)
# 1306 Scythia

1306 Scythia, provisional designation 1930 OB, is a dark Ursula asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 72 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 July 1930, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for the historic region of Scythia.

## Orbit and classification

Scythia is a member of the Ursula family (631), a mid-sized asteroid family in the outer main-belt.$^{:23}$ It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.9–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,041 days; semi-major axis of 3.15 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Simeiz in July 1930.

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Scythia is a stony S-type asteroid, unlike the overall spectral type of the Ursula family which is that of a C- and X-type.$^{:23}$

### Rotation period

In September 2003, a rotational lightcurve of Scythia was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.05 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 magnitude (U=2). In August 2008, Pierre Antonini measured a better period solution of 7.525 hours (or half the period) and an amplitude of 0.25 magnitude (U=3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Scythia measures between 66.780 and 83.65 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.034 and 0.052.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0512 and a diameter of 67.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.71.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after the ancient region of Scythia, located east of the Black Sea. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 119).
# Erica ventricosa

Erica ventricosa is a species of plant in the family Ericaceae native to the Cape Floristic Region.

## Etymology

The scientific name of this species is derived from the Latin word ventricosus, which means swollen or inflated. Its common names are Franschhoek heath, porcelain heath, and wax heath.

## Distribution

It naturally occurs on mountain slopes in the Paarl and Stellenbosch area of the Hottentots-Holland range, when the elevation is higher than 300 m above sea level.

## Habitat

Population groups of these plants are normally found in well-drained acid soils with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.

## Ecology

The corolla in Erica ventricosa has an ovoid-urceolate form and is 12 mm to 16 mm in length, with a constriction at the throat. This form is no accident, as there are specialist flies with a long proboscis that are adapted to pollinate it.