OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1985 Dutch Open – Doubles

Anders Järryd and Tomáš Šmíd were the defending champions, but Järryd decided to rest in order to compete at the Davis Cup the following week. Šmíd teamed up with Andreas Maurer and lost in the quarterfinals to Carl Limberger and Mark Woodforde.
Hans Simonsson and Stefan Simonsson won the title by defeating Limberger and Woodforde 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Andreas Maurer / Tomáš Šmíd (quarterfinals)
* Givaldo Barbosa / Ivan Kley (first round)
* Hans Simonsson / Stefan Simonsson (champions)
* Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Maurer T Šmíd | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Albert J Vekemans | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | A Maurer T Šmíd | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Limberger M Woodforde | 6 | 7 | | | C Limberger M Woodforde | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Osterthun M Schapers | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | C Limberger M Woodforde | 6 | 5 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | S Casal E Sánchez | 6 | 7 | | | | | | 4 | S Casal E Sánchez | 4 | 7 | 3 | | | | |
| | T Koch F Roese | 3 | 5 | | 4 | S Casal E Sánchez | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Adams T Allan | 6 | 6 | 2 | | M Oosting H van Boeckel | 5 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Oosting H van Boeckel | 4 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | C Limberger M Woodforde | 3 | 4 |
| | R Barlow D Mustard | 1 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | H Simonsson S Simonsson | 6 | 6 |
| | D Keretić Z Kuhárszky | 6 | 2 | 6 | | D Keretić Z Kuhárszky | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Cahill S Youl | 4 | 4 | | 3 | H Simonsson S Simonsson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | H Simonsson S Simonsson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | H Simonsson S Simonsson | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | A de Minicis C Mezzadri | 6 | 5 | 1 | | | | | | P Hjertquist P Svensson | 2 | 4 | | | | | |
| | P Hjertquist P Svensson | 4 | 7 | 6 | | P Hjertquist P Svensson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | JA Rodríguez Ricardo Sánchez Rueda | 7 | 6 | | | JA Rodríguez Ricardo Sánchez Rueda | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | G Barbosa I Kley | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Aconitum degenii

Aconitum degenii is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name branched monkshood .

## Distribution

This wildflower is native to Europe (south, south-east) where it grows in subalpine areas. Inhabited biotops include tall herbaceous vegetation and deciduous forests.

## Description

Aconitum degenii is a tall spindly erect to scandent forb which is perennial from rhizomes. It has divided leaves. The flowering period extends primarily from July to September. The inflorescence is paniculate and branched. The perigon is blue or purple. The helmet is about as high as it is wide or less high. The nectar leaves have a curved stem. The spur is slightly bent back. The plant reaches a stature height between 0.5 and 2.5 m. The pollination is done by insects (Bombus spec. and others). The fruits are pod-like follicles. Aconitum degenii is poisonous due to the presence of alkaloids like aconitine.

### Subspecies

Currently 2 subspecies are accepted:
* Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum (Arcang.) Mucher
* Aconitum degenii subsp. valesiacum (Gáyer) Mucher
# Felix Warre

Felix Walter Warre, OBE, MC (1879–1953) was an English rower who won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta.
Warre was born at Eton the son of Edmond Warre. His father was headmaster of Eton College and a successful rower. Warre was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. He rowed for Oxford in the Boat Race in 1898 and 1899. In 1901 he won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta with J H Hale.
In 1914 Warre joined the Royal Garrison Artillery and served in the First World War becoming a major. He was awarded the OBE in 1919. He was later a banker and then an auctioneer at Sotheby's going on to be chairman.
Warre died at the age of 74.
Warre married Marjory Monteith Hamilton (daughter of Vereker Monteith Hamilton), and had two sons and three daughters, Richard Patrick Warre who was killed at Calais in 1940, Michael Hugh Warre who was a famous stage actor and set designer, Ursula, Barbera and Griselda.
# Coleophora iljiniae

Coleophora iljiniae is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Kazakhstan.
The larvae feed on Iljinia regelii. They feed on the leaves of their host plant.
# Black & White Radio

"Black & White Radio" is a single by Australian rock group British India, taken from their debut album Guillotine.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by British India

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| Australia | 2006 | Shock, Flashpoint | Digital download | - |
# Broc Nicol

Broc Nicol (born April 22, 1998) is a speedway rider from the United States.

## Career

Nicol won the United States Championship twice in 2017 and 2020.
Nicol began his British racing career riding for Sheffield Tigers in 2018. The following season he remained with Sheffield but also rode in the top tier of British Speedway for King's Lynn Stars.
He signed for Glasgow Tigers for the 2020 season but it was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2021, he rode for the Wolverhampton Wolves in the SGB Premiership 2021, in addition to the Glasgow Tigers in the SGB Championship 2021. The following season in 2022, he rode for Glasgow again in the SGB Championship 2022.
# Cyclo-cross de Karrantza

The Cyclo-cross de Karrantza is a cyclo-cross race held annually in Karrantza, Spain, which is rated as a C2 event on the UCI calendar.

## Past winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2003 | Haitz Ortiz | Sem Mújika | Fernando Fernández |
| 2004 | David Seco | José Antonio Díez | Ismael Esteban |
| 2005 | David Seco | José Antonio Díez | Santiago Armero |
| 2006 | Unai Yus | José Antonio Díez | Erlantz Uriarte |
| 2007 | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | David Seco | Unai Yus |
| 2008 | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Isaac Suárez | José Antonio Díez |
| 2009 | Isaac Suárez | | |
| 2010 | Egoitz Murgoitio | Isaac Suárez | Erlantz Uriarte |
| 2011 | Egoitz Murgoitio | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Bart Hofman |
| 2012 | Aitor Hernández | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Flavien Dassonville |
| 2013 | Aitor Hernández | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Aketza Peña |
| 2014 | Aitor Hernández | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Kevin Suárez |
| 2015 | Aitor Hernández | Felipe Orts | Kevin Suárez |
| 2016 | Javier Ruiz de Larrinaga | Ismael Esteban | Felipe Orts |
| 2017 | Vincent Baestaens | Felipe Orts | Aitor Hernández |
| 2018 | Ismael Esteban | Felipe Orts | Kevin Suárez |
| 2019 | Kevin Suárez | Ismael Esteban | Dieter Vanthourenhout |
| 2020 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| 2021 | David van der Poel | Lander Loockx | Kevin Suárez |
| 2022 | Kevin Suárez | Anton Ferdinande | Cyprien Gilles |
| 2023 | Gonzalo Inguanzo | Mario Junquera | Raul Mira |
# Brian Priestley

Brian Priestley (born 10 July 1940) is an English jazz writer, pianist and arranger.

## Biography

He was born in Manchester, England. Priestley began studying music at the age of eight. In the 1960s he gained a degree in modern languages from Leeds University, while playing in student bands. In the mid-1960s, he began contributing to the jazz press and was responsible for entries in Jazz on Record: A Critical Guide to the First Fifty Years, 1917–67 (1968), edited by Albert McCarthy.
In 1969, Priestley moved to London and began playing piano with bands led by Tony Faulkner and Alan Cohen. Priestley helped transcribe Duke Ellington's Black, Brown and Beige, and Creole Rhapsody for Cohen, and formed his own Special Septet featuring Digby Fairweather and Don Rendell. His compositions include Blooz For Dook (published in his 1986 book Jazz Piano 4), The Whole Thing (recorded by the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 1997) and Jamming With Jools (a 1998 examination piece for the Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music, based on a live broadcast with Jools Holland).
He is also known for broadcasting work on the BBC as well as London Jazz FM, and his weekly series for BBC Radio London, influenced the renewed interest in jazz in the 1980s. Priestley taught jazz piano at Goldsmiths College from 1977 until 1993, and has taught jazz history for various other universities and conservatoires over the years. Priestley has also written biographies of Charles Mingus, John Coltrane and Charlie Parker, as well as the book Jazz on Record: A History. He co-authored The Rough Guide to Jazz, as well as contributing to several other reference books, and has compiled and/or annotated more than a hundred reissue compilations.
Since 2006, Priestley has lived in Tralee, Ireland, where he continues playing the piano and presents a show on Radio Kerry.

## Discography

* Love You Gladly (1988; Cadillac)
* You Taught My Heart to Sing (1994; w/Don Rendell; Spirit of Jazz)
* Love You Madly (1999; Louise Gibbs/Brian Priestley/Tony Coe; 33 Jazz)
* Who Knows (2004; 33 Jazz)

## Literature

* Priestley. Charlie Parker, Hippocrene Books, Tunbridge Wells 1984, ISBN 0-946771-00-6
* Priestley. Chasin' the Bird – The Life and Legacy of Charlie Parker, Oxford University Press 2007, ISBN 0-19-532709-8
* Priestley. Jazz on Record: A History, Elm Tree Books, London 1988, ISBN 0-241-12440-9
* Priestley. Jazz Piano (Vols.) 1 - 6, (transcribed solos by 53 pianists), IMP, London 1983–1990
* Priestley. John Coltrane, Apollo Press, London 1986, ISBN 0-948820-02-0
* Priestley. Mingus. A Critical Biography, Da Capo Press, New York 1985, ISBN 0-306-80217-1
* Priestley, Digby Fairweather, Ian Carr. Jazz. The Rough Guide (The Essential Companion to Artists and Albums), 3rd edition, Rough Guides, 2004, ISBN 1-84353-256-5 (formerly as Jazz. The Essential Companion, Grafton Books 1988)
* Priestley. Digby Fairweather, Jazz: 100 Essential CDs. The Rough Guide, London 2001, ISBN 1-85828-732-4
* Priestley, Dave Gelly, Paul Trynka, Tony Bacon, The Sax and Brass Book – Saxophones, Trumpets and Trombones in Jazz, Rock and Pop, Balafon Books, London 1998, ISBN 1-871547-60-1
# Acrobasis africanella

Acrobasis africanella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1994 and is found in South Africa.
# Female Protection Forces of the Land Between Two Rivers

The Female Protection Forces of the Land Between Two Rivers was a small female battalion in Syria. Its members were trained in the north-eastern town of Al-Qahtaniyeh in Syria and were one of many small militia groups fighting ISIS in Syria. It was made up of Syriac Christian women.

## Name

The "Two Rivers" in the battalion's name refer to the Tigris and the Euphrates.

## Context

During the Syrian Civil War, Christians, who make up over 10% of the Syrian population, were heavily persecuted under the Islamic State. Thousands had been driven out of their homes, and in areas seized by the jihadists, Christians had been given the choice to either convert to Islam, pay a religious levy, or be executed.
# Coleophora idaeella

Coleophora idaeella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the Pyrenees and the Alps and from Great Britain to Poland.
The wingspan is 13–15 mm for males and 11.5–13.5 mm for females.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium vitis-idaea. The larvae overwinter twice. Full-grown larvae can be found in May.
# Black Feathers

Black Feathers (Italian: Penne nere) is a 1952 Italian war drama film directed by Oreste Biancoli and starring Marcello Mastroianni, Marina Vlady and Camillo Pilotto. It was shot at the Titanus Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ottavio Scotti.

## Plot

Two young people, Pieri Cossutti and Gemma Vianello, live their love in the town of Stella, an alpine village in Carnia located next to a large dam, not far from the border between Italy and Austria. The Second World War provokes the call to arms of Pieri and his brother Olinto, who must leave his wife and little son. Gemma's father dies during a bombing, and at that point she is welcomed into the Cossutti house.
At the time of the armistice of 8 September, Pieri and Olinto are in Albania, from where - with other Italian soldiers who refuse to surrender to the Germans - they begin a long march to return to their homeland. Among the hardships, the group gradually shrinks and even Olinto dies.
Pieri and a few others arrive in Stella and are able to courageously prevent the Germans from blowing up the great dam. Gemma is injured and Pieri decides to marry her on the verge of death. The woman, however, against all odds, recovers and the two will finally live their complete love story.

## Cast

* Marcello Mastroianni as Pietro 'Pieri' Cossutti
* Marina Vlady as Gemma Vianello
* Camillo Pilotto as Zef Cossutti - il nonno
* Vera Carmi as Catina Cossutti
* Guido Celano as Olinto Cossutti
* Enzo Staiola as Antonio 'Tonino' Cossutti
* Hélène Vallier as Natalìa Cossutti
* Liuba Soukhanowa as Giulia Cossutti
* Giuseppe Chirarandini as Don Angelo - il prete
# Bridget Pitt

Bridget Pitt is a South African writer, environmental activist and art teacher who was born in Zimbabwe and lives in Cape Town.
In 1987 she received a British Council Scholarship to study media at the University of London.
Her first published writing was for grassroots newspapers, which was part of the anti-apartheid struggle during the 1980s. She also drew a cartoon strip for the Weekly Mail.
She wrote educational material for NGOs and textbooks, as well as poetry and fiction. She has published poetry in The Thinker magazine, short stories, and novels.
Her crime fiction novel The Unseen Leopard was shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize in 2011, and for the 2012 Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa.

## List of titles

* 1998 Unbroken Wing
* 2010 The Unseen Leopard
* 2015 Notes from the Lost Property Department
* 2023 Eye Brother Horn
* 2023 The Silence Of Owls
# Culloden, Prince Edward Island

Culloden is a settlement in southeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island.
Named in honour of Culloden Moor, Inverness-shire, Scotland, the location of the Battle of Culloden. A post office was opened in the community in 1906.
# 1980–81 Luxembourg National Division

The 1980–81 Luxembourg National Division was the 67th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.

## Overview

It was performed in 12 teams, and FC Progrès Niedercorn won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | FC Progrès Niedercorn | 22 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 68 | 25 | +43 | 35 |
| 2 | FA Red Boys Differdange | 22 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 60 | 24 | +36 | 34 |
| 3 | Jeunesse Esch | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 48 | 23 | +25 | 31 |
| 4 | FC Aris Bonnevoie | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 35 | 27 | +8 | 26 |
| 5 | FC Avenir Beggen | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 29 | 33 | −4 | 22 |
| 6 | Union Luxembourg | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 41 | 43 | −2 | 21 |
| 7 | FC Olympique Eischen | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 27 | 32 | −5 | 20 |
| 8 | Alliance Dudelange | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 29 | 37 | −8 | 20 |
| 9 | CS Grevenmacher | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 48 | −28 | 16 |
| 10 | CA Spora Luxembourg | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 28 | 41 | −13 | 15 |
| 11 | FC Etzella Ettelbruck | 22 | 5 | 4 | 13 | 22 | 41 | −19 | 14 |
| 12 | Stade Dudelange | 22 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 22 | 55 | −33 | 10 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | ALD | ARI | AVE | ETZ | GRE | JEU | OLY | PRO | RBD | SPO | STD | UNI |
| Alliance Dudelange | | 2–0 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–5 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| Aris Bonnevoie | 3–1 | | 6–1 | 4–1 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 |
| Avenir Beggen | 2–3 | 0–0 | | 1–0 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 5–3 | 2–1 |
| Etzella Ettelbruck | 2–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–5 | 0–4 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 2–3 |
| Grevenmacher | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 1–1 | | 0–3 | 2–1 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 2–1 | 2–6 |
| Jeunesse Esch | 2–0 | 3–4 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 3–0 | | 0–2 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 |
| Olympique Eischen | 2–2 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–6 | | 1–0 | 0–3 | 3–1 | 4–1 | 4–2 |
| Progrès Niederkorn | 5–1 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 0–2 | 6–0 | 2–2 | 4–2 | | 3–2 | 5–2 | 2–3 | 4–0 |
| Red Boys Differdange | 2–2 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 4–1 | 5–0 | 0–3 | 3–0 | 3–1 | | 5–1 | 7–1 | 4–3 |
| Spora Luxembourg | 4–2 | 2–3 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | | 1–1 | 1–3 |
| Stade Dudelange | 1–3 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 0–2 | 0–5 | 0–2 | | 1–1 |
| Union Luxembourg | 1–1 | 4–3 | 0–0 | 0–3 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 4–1 | |
# Acrobasis aicha

Acrobasis aicha is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Jan Asselbergs in 1998 and is found in Morocco.
# Black Feeling!

Black Feeling! is an album by jazz organist Johnny "Hammond" Smith recorded for the Prestige label in 1969.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Allmusic site awarded the album 3 stars stating "Without varying his basic template that much, Smith did employ a much fuller combo for Black Feeling!".

## Track listing

All compositions by Johnny "Hammond" Smith except where noted.
* "Black Feeling" (Leo Johnson) – 6:30
* "Kindra" (Johnson) – 5:40
* "Johnny Hammond Boogaloo" (Wally Richardson) – 5:00
* "Dig On It" (Johnson) – 7:55
* "When Sunny Gets Blue" (Marvin Fisher, Jack Segal) – 4:25
* "Soul Talk-1970" – 6:20

## Personnel

* Johnny "Hammond" Smith – organ
* Virgil Jones – trumpet
* Rusty Bryant, Leo Johnson – tenor saxophone
* Wally Richardson – guitar
* Jimmy Lewis – electric bass
* Bernard Purdie – drums
Production
* Bob Porter – producer
* Rudy Van Gelder – engineer
# Bryan Mealer

Bryan Mealer (born 1974) is an American journalist and author. He is the author of four books: All Things Must Fight to Live about his experiences covering war in the Congo, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (with inventor William Kamkwamba), Muck City about high school football in a rural African American communities in Florida, and The Kings of Big Spring about his family history in Texas. He has written for publications including The Guardian and Texas Monthly. The 2019 film The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind was adapted from the book.

## Early life and education

Mealer was born in Odessa, Texas and grew up in West Texas and San Antonio. He received a degree in journalism from the University of Texas at Austin.

## Writing

Kirkus Reviews described his book on his experiences covering the war in Congo as containing "Gutsy, richly descriptive recollections effectively conjure grisly events in a troubled nation."
The New York Times reviewed his book Muck City about the Glades Central High School Raiders of Belle Glade, Florida and the pursuit of football success. The Palm Beach Post called the book a lesson-filled trip into the past against a backdrop of AIDs, murder, drug use, and tragedy. Kirkus Reviews described it as a "stirring tale of sports as a means of escape from dire circumstances" in Florida's cane sugar producing region. Publishers Weekly noted "it chronicles the evolution of high school football in Belle Glade, Fla.—among the poorest communities in the U.S. and defined by the fertile black silt that helped build a sugarcane-farming empire." Mealer was interviewed about the book on NPR in 2012.

## Books

* All Things Must Fight to Live: Stories of War and Deliverance in Congo (2008)
* The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope (2009) co-authored with William Kamkwamba, William Morrow & Company ISBN 978-0-06-173032-0
* Muck City: Winning and Losing in Football’s Forgotten Town (2012) Crown Archetype ISBN 978-0-307-88862-4
* The Kings of Big Spring: God, Oil, and One Family’s Search for the American Dream (2018) Flatiron ISBN 978-1-250-05891-1
# Dislocation of hip in animals

Dislocation of hip (coxofemoral luxation) may occur in domestic animals.
It is a not rare condition, usually unilateral, in:
* cattle, among others, after calving.
* dogs, resulting from trauma or as a complication of hip dysplasia.
The same illness also exists in human medicine.
The condition can be observed after the forced traction of fetus while delivery, slip of animal on a floor. More commonly seen in animals with poor nutrient ration at end stage of gestation which results in osteoporosis of bones & joints due to which the acetabulum notch become shallow and femur comes out if it while delivery, ketonemia also has adverse effect on coxo-femoral luxation.

## Symptoms

In dogs, it occurs mainly in an upwards and forwards direction. Hence, the affected leg is shortened, and the greater trochanter prominent.
In cattle, it occurs mainly craniodorsally or caudoventrally, but other directions are possible. A typical stance is seen in craniodorsal luxations, with a shortened limb, and a protrusion of greater trochanter.

## Treatment

Attempts in reduction in cattle are generally not successful. Affected animals, at least not too heavy ones, can live with the disease for a long time because of the formation of a sort of pseudo-joint in the hip.
Dogs with hip dysplasia and unilateral dislocation can live if the other leg is not too severely hit. Then there is a severe muscular atrophy of the thigh. Compensation occurs with musculation of the shoulders.

## Literature

* Hip dislocation in cattle
** P. Greenough, F. Weaver & A. Weaver; Lameness in cattle, Wright Scientica, Bristol, 1981, ISBN 0-7216-5205-0, p. 269–273.
** G. Rosenberger, Krankheiten des Rindes, Verlag Parey, Berlin, 1978, ISBN 3-489-61716-9, s. 463–466.
* Hip dislocation in dogs
** H.J. Christoph; Diseases of dogs, Pergamon Press, New York, 1975, ISBN 0-08-015800-5, p. 406–410.
# Culloden Tower

The Culloden Tower was built as a parkland ornament or folly in about 1746 on the estate of John Yorke MP, at Richmond, North Yorkshire. It was built on the site of an earlier pele tower, the remains of which possibly form the rectangular base. It is also known as The Temple or The Cumberland Temple, in celebration of the victorious Duke of Cumberland's army over the forces of the pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart at the battle of Culloden in 1746.
The tower was most probably designed by Daniel Garrett and comprises four storeys and a roof terrace linked by a small spiral staircase. The estate, comprising Yorke House, was demolished in 1823, and the remaining buildings and parklands, including the tower, became part of Temple View. The isolated position of the tower meant that it was used less and less, and was increasingly subject to vandalism and theft. The tower was saved in 1981 by the Landmark Trust, who undertook a full restoration of the property. It is currently available as a holiday let.
The tower is octagonal on a square base, with a staircase projecting on the west side. The windows are pointed, and there is a band of blind ogee arches between the first and second floor windows. Inside there are two main rooms, each occupying a whole floor, and thus octagonal. The first floor room has rich Gothick ornamentation, in particular the chimneypiece. The room has a domed plaster vault. The second floor room is more classical in its detail.
# Brian Welch (ski jumper)

Brian Welch (born January 18, 1984) is an American former ski jumper who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics.