OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 73rd Group Army

The 73rd Group Army is a formation of China's People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF) subordinated to the Eastern Theater Command (ETC). The ETC's area of responsibility includes Taiwan, and the 73rd Group Army includes amphibious forces.
The 73rd Group Army was known as the 31st Group Army until April 2017. The group army was considered an elite unit.

## History
### Chinese Civil War

The 31st Group Army traces its lineage to the Shantung Column of the Shantung Military Region which was formed around 1941. By 1945 the column had been reorganized and redesignated into several military districts, including the Chiao-Tung Military District. By 1946, elements of the Chiao-Tung MD were reorganized and redesignated 9th and 13th Columns. The 13th Column, commanded by Chou Chih-chien was composed of three divisions, including the 37th, 38th, and 39th. In the mid-to-late 1940s the 13th Column was reorganized and redesignated as the 31st Corps, also commanded by Chou Chih-chien. The 31st Corps was composed of the 91st, 92nd and 93rd Divisions.
By August 1949, 31st Corps was subordinated to the 10th Army of the Third Field Army. 29th and 31st Corps captured Zhangzhou in late-September. It participated in the capture of Xiamen and Gulangyu, and the Battle of Guningtou, in October.
The corps became the core of the 31st Group Army.

### 21st century

In early October 1991 the 258th Regiment of the 86th Motorized Infantry Division, along with units from various military sub-districts, conducted defensive exercises and combined militia exercises in the Banding Area, Lianjiang Xian, Fujian Province. In mid October to early November 1991 the 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions (since disbanded) of the 31st Group Army conducted routine training and field training activities in the Fuzhou area of Changpu and Nanan. In early April 1992 the signal corps of the 31st Signal Regiment conducted routine training and an overall signal training and evaluation between veterans and replacements in Xiamen, Fujian Province.

## Composition

In 2024, the formation included the following components:
* 1 special operations brigade
* 1 armored brigade
* 1 mechanized infantry brigade
* 2 infantry brigade
* 2 amphibious brigades
* 1 artillery brigade
* 1 engineering/NBC brigade
* 1 support brigade
* 1 helicopter brigade
* 1 air defense brigade
# Biber (Schleuse)

Biber is a river in Thuringia, Germany, that flows into the Schleuse in Lichtenau.
# Barend Viljoen

Major-General Benjamin Gottlieb "Barend" Viljoen SSA OBE (13 April 1908 – 1995)$^{:255}$ was a South African military commander.

## Military career

He joined the South African Air Force in 1927, and served in World War II. He also served as ADC to the Governor General of the Union of South Africa and to the King of Greece. He was Air Chief of Staff from 23 September 1956 to 30 April 1965.

## Honours and awards

He was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1944.
* Star of South Africa (1952) (SSA)
* Order of the British Empire (OBE)
# Convention on Child Protection

The Convention on Child Protection may refer to:
* Hague Convention on Parental Responsibility and Protection of Children
* Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse
# Bhitiharwa Ashram railway station

Bhitiharwa Ashram railway station is a small railway station on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line in West Champaran district, Bihar. Its code is BHWR. It serves Bhitiharwa village, a place known for the Bhitiharwa Gandhi Ashram, a school founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1917, today a museum.
Bhitiharwa Ashram station is connected with the Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines at Narkatiaganj Junction, 16 km away.

## Gauge conversion

Presently services are suspended on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line since 2015, as it is undergoing gauge conversion, from metre to broad gauge. It is expected that the first stretch between Narkatiaganj Junction and Amolwa (13 km) to be completed in March 2020 and by June 2020, up to Gawnaha station (23 km). The last section between Gawnaha and Bhikhna Thori (13 km) passes through dense forest and needs a special permit from the Forest Department allowing construction works. As of August 2019, the permit has not been given. According to the Forest Department, Gawnaha – Bhikhna Thori section should be closed and the railway land transferred to them.
# De Kock v Davidson and Others

De Kock v Davidson and Others is an important case in South African civil procedure. It was an application for a rule nisi, heard in the Transvaal Provincial Division by Colman J on November 3 and 4, 1970; judgment was delivered on November 11. The applicant's attorneys were Michael Kerbel, Johannesburg, and Getz, Behr, Ogus & Mendel Cohen, Pretoria. The respondent's attorneys were Divin, Davis & Miller, Johannesburg, and Carson, Haswell & Co., Pretoria. The applicant was represented in court by J. Unterhalter, SC (with him MM Joffe); SA Rosenzweig appeared for the respondents.
The application involved the issue of costs. The applicant had applied for order with which the respondents would anyway have complied. The matter was not one of urgency, and no prior demand had been made of the respondent. The applicant, accordingly, was ordered to pay costs of application.

## Facts

The applicant had applied for an order calling upon the first and second respondents to transfer to him certain shares in the third respondent, a company in which they held the shares, and to appoint him a director. The respondents, in a replying affidavit, conceded that the applicant was entitled to the orders prayed for.

## Judgement

The court, however, held that, as there was no question of urgency, and as there should have been a demand first, and as the respondents would clearly have complied with such a demand, the applicant should pay the costs of the application. "A person," wrote Colman J, "who has instituted unnecessary litigation when he knew, or ought to have known, that it was, or might be, unnecessary, should ordinarily bear the costs of that litigation," adding in conclusion, "It seems to me, therefore, that the costs of the application should be borne by the person who needlessly caused them to be incurred, namely the applicant."
# A. Ganeshkumar

A. Ganeshkumar (sometimes spelled Ganesh Kumar) (born 26 April 1984) is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Gingee constituency. He represented the Pattali Makkal Katchi party.
The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by K. S. Masthan.
A. Ganeshkumar was born in Chennai on 26 April 1984 and has a M.E., Ph.D. degree.
# Beşkoz, Besni

Beşkoz is a village in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 45 (2021).
# Baron Bayning

Baron Bayning, of Foxley in the County of Berkshire, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain.
It was created in 1797 for the politician Charles Townshend. He was the son of William Townshend, third son of Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (from whom the Marquesses Townshend descend) and the cousin of Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. Townshend descended through his mother from Anne Murray, Viscountess Bayning, and Paul Bayning, 1st Viscount Bayning, hence his choice of title. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He represented Truro in Parliament. In 1821, he assumed by Royal licence the surname of Powlett in lieu of Townshend. He died unmarried and was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baron. He died without surviving male issue and the barony became extinct on his death in 1866.

## Barons Bayning (1797)

* Charles Townshend, 1st Baron Bayning (1728–1810)
* Charles Frederick Powlett, 2nd Baron Bayning (1785–1823)
* Henry William-Powlett, 3rd Baron Bayning (1797–1866)
** Charles William Powlett (1844–1864)
# Cooke City-Silver Gate, Montana

Cooke City-Silver Gate was a census-designated place (CDP) in Park County, Montana, United States, corresponding to the unincorporated communities of Cooke City and Silver Gate. The population was 140 at the 2000 census. Starting with the 2010 census, the two communities were listed as separate CDPs. The communities sit toward the northeast of Yellowstone National Park on the Beartooth Highway.

## Geography

The Cooke City-Silver Gate CDP was located at 45°1′3″N 109°56′19″W﻿ / ﻿45.01750°N 109.93861°W﻿ / 45.01750; -109.93861 (45.017378, −109.938599), at an elevation of 7,608 feet (2,318 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 140 people, 79 households, and 27 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 14.0 inhabitants per square mile (5.4/km$^2$). There were 247 housing units at an average density of 24.7 per square mile (9.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.86% White, 0.71% African American, 0.71% Native American, and 0.71% from two or more races.
There were 79 households, out of which 11.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.1% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 65.8% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.77 and the average family size was 2.44.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 8.6% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 42.1% from 25 to 44, 35.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,618. There were 7.4% of families and 15.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 18.2% of under eighteens and 10.5% of those over 64.
# Blakea maguirei

Blakea maguirei is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Big Battle, West Virginia

Big Battle was an unincorporated community in Doddridge County, West Virginia, United States.
# Attack on Karginsk

vteSheikh Mansur Movement Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan Russo-Circassian War :
1785
Aldy (July)
Alkhan–Yurt (July)
Karginsk (July)
1st Kizlyar (July)
Grigoriopolis (July)
2nd Kizlyar (August)
Malka River (October)
Tatartup (November)
1786
Invasion of Kabardia (July)
1787
Kachkalikov (January)
Russian punitive Campaign (January)
Karabulak Campaign (June)
1st Anapa Campaign (September)
1st Urup River
Kuban River
1788
Shchedrinskaya (January)
2nd Anapa Campaign (August–October)
Ubin River
1st Anapa
1790
3rd Anapa Campaign (February–May)
Shibza River
2nd Anapa
Tokhtamysh River (September)
1791
3rd Anapa (June) :
The Attack on Karginsk took place on 14 July 1785. Sheikh Mansur attacked Karginsk Redoubt with his army of North Caucasians before advancing on Kizlyar, which ended in a success for the former and his capture and looting of the redoubt. The attack was the first victory of Sheikh Mansur outside of Chechnya.

## History

The forces of the highlanders, numbering more than 5,000 people, led by Sheikh Mansur, made their way to Kizlyar to capture and destroy it. On 14 July, the rebels arrived near Karginsk. Mansur's forces approached the Karginsk redoubt, located around 8 kilometers from Kizlyar. Motivated by their victory over Pieri's detachment, the rebels began their attack on the redoubt. Capturing the redoubt only defended by a small garrison turned out to be a difficult task, especially since the garrison was made up of experienced and well trained soldiers. The lack of experience of the North Caucasians in capturing fortresses also played a crucial role. As a result, several attacks by the forces of Mansur were repelled. Sheikh Mansur realized that a direct attack on the redoubt could lead to heavy losses, so he called his commanders into the camp to discuss further actions. The highlanders began gathering everything burnable and built large fires, causing nearby wooden houses to catch fire and burn down. The fire eventually spread to the redoubt walls. The Russian soldiers tried extinguishing the fire with water from a nearby river, but their access to it was cut off by Mansur's troops. A strong wind carried the fire across the redoubt, eventually reaching the powder magazine. The entire fortification, together with most of its defenders, blew up. Following that, the forces of Mansur successfully stormed the bastion and captured the remaining defenders, as well as 4 cannons.
# Christmas in the Park (New Zealand)

Christmas in the Park is the title given to annual free music concerts held in cities across New Zealand during the Christmas season. The two largest Christmas in the Park events, held in Auckland and Christchurch since December 10, 1994, are sponsored by Coca-Cola. They draw up to 250,000 and 100,000 spectators, respectively. Coca-Cola refers to its Auckland Christmas in the Park production as the largest free annual event in New Zealand. A combined total of six million New Zealanders have attended the Auckland and Christchurch events since their founding.
Activities include music, fireworks displays, and the lighting of Christmas trees. Each concert draws an estimated $100,000 for charity annually.
# De Koninck

De Koninck (The King in old Dutch spelling) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles De Koninck (1906–1965), Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian
* David de Koninck alternative spelling of David de Coninck (c.1644 – 1701), Flemish painter
* Jean-Marie De Koninck (b. 1948), Quebec mathematician
* Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck (1809–1887), Belgian palaeontologist and chemist
* Lodewijk de Koninck (1838–1924), Flemish writer
* Louis Herman De Koninck (1896–1984), Belgian architect and designer
* Servaes de Koninck (c.1654 – c.1701), Flemish composer active in Amsterdam
Koninck:
* Jacob Koninck (I) (c.1615 – c.1695), Dutch landscape painter (brother of Philips)
* Jacob Koninck (II) (c.1647 – c.1724), Dutch painter for the Danish court (son of Jacob I)
* Philips Koninck (1619–1688), Dutch landscape painter (brother of Jacob I)
* Salomon Koninck, Dutch painter of genre scenes and portraits and engraver
# East Park Commando

East Park Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the SADF

The unit resorted under the command of the SADF's Group 18.
During this era, the unit was mainly engaged in area force protection, search and cordons as well as other assistance to the local police.
As an urban unit, this commando was also tasked with protecting strategic facilities as well as quelling township riots especially during the State of Emergency in the 1980s.

##### National Colours

On Tuesday 26 April 1994, East Park Commando laid up its National Colours at the South African National Museum of Military History. The laying up of National Colours followed a decision of the Defence Command Council that this should be done owing to the replacement of the National Flag by a new National Flag on 27 April 1994. The laying up of Colours is, in the life of any unit in possession of Colours, an occasion of supreme historical significance.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Big Cliff

Big Cliff is an album by American jazz percussionist Kahil El'Zabar and his Ritual Trio, which also includes saxophonist Ari Brown and bassist Malachi Favors, and the guest appearance of violinist Billy Bang. It was recorded live in 1994 at the Chicago Undergroung Fest and released on Delmark.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
In his review for AllMusic, Alex Henderson states "The musicians' diverse set reflects their interest in both inside and outside playing.. Big Cliff is a CD that El'Zabar and his colleagues can easily be proud of."
The Penguin Guide to Jazz says "Though the music is dedicated to El'Zabar's late father, it is celebratory; scarcely a new take either on what he's done before or on Chicago jazz itself, it's nevertheless a very satisfying record.

## Track listing

    All compositions by Kahil El'Zabar
* "Another Kind of Groove" – 10:13
* "Big Cliff" – 19:47
* "For the Love of My Father" – 13:06
* "Blue Rwanda" – 21:16

## Personnel

* Kahil El'Zabar – African drums, drums, thumb piano
* Ari Brown – tenor sax, piano
* Malachi Favors – bass
* Billy Bang – violin
# Bare Necessities

Bare Necessities or The Bare Necessities may refer to:
* "The Bare Necessities", a song from the 1967 animated feature The Jungle Book
* The Bare Necessities, a precursor of the 1997 film The Full Monty
* Bare Necessities (TV series), a 1999–2001 BBC2 television survival show
* Bare Necessities (company), a clothing retailer
# Coptotermes

Coptotermes is a genus of termites in the family Rhinotermitidae. Many of the roughly 71 species are economically destructive pests. The genus is thought to have originated in Southeast Asia. Worker termites from this genus forage underground and move about in roofed tunnels that they build along the surface.
In Australia, Coptotermes colonies sometimes host a parasitic genus of termites, Ahamitermes. The host and the parasite dwell in separate parts of the mound nest and are mutually antagonistic. The Ahamitermes species live in the innermost parts of the nest and feed on the "carton" material with which the galleries are lined, which consists of soil particles, chewed wood, and cellulose, bound together with saliva and faeces. They are thus dependent on their hosts for both their food and their home and are not found in any other situations.

## Species

This is an incomplete list of species:
* Coptotermes acinaciformis
* Coptotermes brunneus
* Coptotermes ceylonicus
* Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren
* Coptotermes elisae
* Coptotermes emersoni
* Coptotermes formosanus - Formosan subterranean termite
* Coptotermes frenchi
* Coptotermes gaurii
* Coptotermes gestroi - Asian subterranean termite
* Coptotermes havilandi
* Coptotermes heimi
* Coptotermes kalshoveni
* Coptotermes lacteus
* Coptotermes parvulus Holmgren
# Blair & Co.

Blair & Co can refer to:
* Blair & Co, Ltd, a marine engine builder in England, founded by George Young Blair
* Blair & Co, a US bank founded by John Insley Blair, DeWitt Clinton Blair and C. Ledyard Blair
# Big Ol' Truck

"Big Ol' Truck" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in July 1995 as the fourth and final single from his 1994 album Boomtown. The song peaked at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (Hot Country Songs) chart, making it the first single of his career to miss the Top 10. The song was a Top 10 in Canada, having reached number 10 on the RPM Country Tracks chart.

## Content

The narrator is in love with a girl who drives a "big ol' truck."

## Music video

The song's music video premiered on CMT on July 12, 1995, during The CMT Delivery Room, and was directed by Marc Ball. The video shows Keith performing with his band at an outside party accompanied by a crowd. The scenes are also intercut with Keith trying to get the girl in the pickup truck.

## Chart positions

"Big Ol' Truck" debuted at number 75 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of July 15, 1995.
| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 10 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 15 |
# Laihka State

Laihka State (Shan: လၢႆးၶႃႈ), also spelt Legya or Lecha (Burmese: လဲချား), was a state in the central division of the Southern Shan States of Burma, with an area of 3,711 square kilometres (1,433 sq mi).
The general character of the state was hilly and broken, with a mean altitude of a little under 3,000 feet (910 m). The main rivers were the Nam Teng, an important tributary of the Salween, and the Nam Pawn. Laihka, located in the plain of the Nam Teng, was the capital where the saopha had his palace (haw). The town of Panglong, where the Panglong Agreement took place, is located close to Laihka.

## History

Traditional legends talk about a predecessor kingdom in the area named Hansavadi. Laihka State was founded in 1505 as a state subordinated to Hsenwi State. On the downfall of King Thibaw civil war broke out, and reduced the population to a few hundred. In 1901 it had risen again to 25,811. About seven-ninths of the land under cultivation consisted of wet rice cultivation. A certain amount of upland rice was also cultivated, and cotton, sugarcane and garden produce made up the rest. Laihka, the capital, was noted for its ironwork, both the iron and the implements made being produced at Pang Long in the west of the state. This and lacquerware were the chief exports, as also a considerable amount of pottery. The imports were chiefly cotton piece-goods and salt.

### Rulers

The rulers bore the title Myosa until mid nineteenth century.

#### Myosas

* 1734 - 1794 Khun Lek
* 1794 - 1803 Law Na
* 1803 - 1807 La Hkam
* 1807 - 18.. Hkun Lek

#### Saophas

The ritual style was Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunths Thiri Thudamaraza. The saopha start at 1505 the first Sao Khua Hpa and in 1542 the linege of him is vacant Sao Hkun Möng (Hso Han Hpa) the saopha of Hsipaw send his son Hkun Naw to be the saopha here
* 1505–1542 Sao Khua Hpa
* 1542–1567 Hso Naw Hpa
* 1567–1609 Hso Haum Hpa
* 1609–1628 Hso Kyaw Hpa
* 1628–1650 Hso Kawn Hpa
* 1674–1680 Hso Yat Hpa (Sao Ne Ya)
* 1680–1683 The wife of Sao Ne Ya (female), whose name is unknown – Because Sao Ne Ya left no children, his wife succeeded him and reigned for three years until her death.
* 1683–1697 Hso Hkai Hpa
* 1697–1720 Hso Ko Hpa
* 1720–1735 Hso Kluen Hpa
* 1735–1745 Hso Serk Hpa
* 1745–1771 Hso Bu Hpa
* 1771–1794 Hso Pen Hpa
* 1794–1803 Hkun Law Na
* 1803–1807 Sao Hla Hkam
* 1807–1854 Hkun Lek Hpa
* 1854–1856 Phu Hkam Kyaw
* 1856–1860 Hkun Long Hpa
* 1860–1862 Hkun Mawng Hpa (1st time)
* 1862–1866 Hkun Hkawt Hpa
* 1866–1868 The youngest sister of Hkun Hkawt (female), whose name is unknown – She was also one of Queens consort of Burma, because the monarch of Burma had many wives. When Hkun Hkawt died in 1866, she was appointed as ruler of Laihka and governed the State for two years.
* 1868–1879 Hkun Mawng Hpa (2nd time)
* 1879–1882 Vacant
* 1882–1928 Hkun Lai
* 1928–1952 Sao Num
* 1505–1542 Sao Khua Hpa