OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alan Rafkin

Alan Rafkin (born Alfred Irwin Rafkin; July 23, 1928 – August 6, 2001) was an American director, producer, and actor for television.

## Biography

Rafkin was born in New York City to Til and Victor Rafkin. He attended Admiral Farragut Academy in Pine Beach, New Jersey and Syracuse University in New York.
Alan Rafkin was one of the most prolific sitcom directors of all time, helming such series as The Andy Griffith Show, The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, What's Happening!!, M*A*S*H, It's Garry Shandling's Show, Murphy Brown, Get Smart, Coach, The Tim Conway Show, Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers, and Viva Valdez.
According to his autobiography Cue the Bunny on the Rainbow (its title is taken from a direction on Captain Kangaroo), Rafkin directed episodes of over 80 different sitcom series. He won an Emmy for an episode of "One Day At A Time" and two CableACE Awards for his work on "It's Garry Shandling's Show". During his career he worked with legendary producers such as Sheldon Leonard, Danny Thomas, and Norman Lear. Rafkin had endearing relationships with many of his actors including Andy Griffith, Dick Van Dyke, Jerry Van Dyke, Mary Tyler Moore, Bob Newhart and Redd Foxx. (He was also close with Don Knotts, directing him on the Griffith show and in three feature films.) At the same time, he had volatile relationships with several others, including Demond Wilson and Craig T. Nelson.
Rafkin died of heart disease in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 73.

## Filmography

As director:
* Ski Party – 1965
* The Ghost and Mr. Chicken (1966)
* The Ride to Hangman's Tree (1967)
* The Shakiest Gun in the West (1968)
* Angel in My Pocket (1969)
* The Good Guys (1969)
** "Winer, Diner and Mover"
** "The Chimp"
* The Tim Conway Show (1970)
** "Mail Contract"
* How to Frame a Figg (1971)
* The Bob Newhart Show (1972)
** various episodes
* Sanford and Son
** various episodes
* Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers (1974)
** "Fiddler in the House"
** "Dreyfuss and Dreyfuss, Associates"
** "All's Well That Ends"
** "The Groupie"
* Viva Valdez (1976)
** all 12 episodes
* One Day at a Time
** various episodes
* It's Garry Shandling's Show
* Laverne & Shirley (1977)
** various episodes
* The Love Boat (1977)
* Alice (1977)
** "A Night to Remember"
* I Dream of Jeannie
** G.I Jeannie S1,Ep 5
* Bewitched
** A vision of Sugar Plums S2,Ep 15
# Alancık, Mecitözü

Alancık is a village in the Mecitözü District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 224 (2022).
# Alancık, Yenice

Alancık is a village in the Yenice District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 196 (2021).
# Albert Bush-Brown

Albert Bush-Brown (1926-1994) was an American architectural historian and university president. He was chancellor and president of Long Island University (1971–1985) and president of Rhode Island School of Design (1962–1968) He also taught art history at Princeton, Harvard, Case Western Reserve, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He authored several books, including Louis Sullivan (1960) and The Architecture of America: A Social Interpretation (1961).
He attended Princeton University and Deep Springs College.
# Alatochelon

Alatochelon is an extinct genus of tortoise with a single known species, Alatochelon myrteum.

## Name and speculated origin

Alatochelon is derived from the Ancient Greek alato-, meaning salt; and -chelon, meaning turtle. The 'salt' is in reference to the Messinian salinity crisis, during which it is hypothesized that the African spurred tortoise may have crossed over into Europe, and differentiated into Alatochelon myrteum through allopatric speciation. Myrteum is derived from the Latin word 'myrtle', which is believed to be the ancient name of Murica, the region of Spain in which the first fossil of Alatochelon myrteum was found.

## Description

Alatochelon myrteum was a large species of tortoise that lived in the lower Pliocene era. As of 2023, the sole fossil found came from the Region of Murcia, Spain; thus its exact range is unknown. Alatochelon myrteum had a tall carapace, and a maximum shell length of at least one meter. Other defining characteristics include a longer-than-wide nuchal scute and a well developed nuchal notch.

## Behavior

Alatochelon myrteum was likely herbivorous.
# Albert J. Rosenthal

Albert Joseph Rosenthal (March 5, 1919 – March 17, 2010) was an American legal scholar and specialist in constitutional and environmental law. He joined Columbia Law School as a faculty member in 1964 and was appointed as the Maurice T. Moore Professor of Law in 1973. He served as dean of Columbia Law School from 1979 to 1984.
Rosenthal graduated from Harvard Law School in 1941.
# Alcolapia ndalalani

Alcolapia ndalalani, the narrow-mouthed Natron tilapia, is a species of small fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to the hypersaline, warm Lake Natron in Tanzania. Here it lives in creeks and springs at the southern shores of the lake. It reaches up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in standard length. It has a relatively narrow, downturned mouth, which separates it from the two other fish in Lake Natron, A. alcalica and A. latilabris.
# Alby Tame

Albert Edward Tame (16 July 1877 – 30 April 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Albert t'Serstevens

Albert t'Serstevens (born Brussels, Belgium; 1886-1974) was a Belgian novelist who settled in France in 1910. In 1937 he gained French nationality.

## Works

* Un apostolat: roman, 1920
* La légende de Don Juan, 1924
* Taïa, roman contemporain, 1929
* (ed.) Voyages aux isles de l'Amérique (Antilles) 1693-1705 by Jean Baptiste Labat. 1931.
* (ed.) Le livre de Marco Polo; ou, Le devisement du monde
* Joie de plein air, editions pour la nouvelle France, 1944
* Tahiti et sa couronne, 1950–51
* La grande plantation: roman tahitien, 1952
* Cahiers de Louis Adhemar Timothée Le Golif, dit Borgnefesse, capitaine de la flibuste, 1952
* Mexique pays a trois étages, 1955. Translated as Mexico: three-storeyed land, 1957
* Les précurseurs de Marco Polo; textes intégraux établis, traduits, et commentés, 1959
* L'homme que fut Blaise Cendrars; souvenirs, 1972
# Alec James (cricketer)

Alec Pearce James (22 May 1889 – 14 August 1961) was a Welsh cricketer. James's batting style is unknown, but it is known he bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Neath, Glamorgan.
James made his debut for Carmarthenshire in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Monmouthshire. James played 5 further Minor Counties Championship for Carmarthenshire in 1910, the last coming against Cornwall.
Moving to Australia, where he taught at St Peter's College, Adelaide, James made his first-class debut for South Australia in December 1914, against New South Wales. He made 3 further first-class appearances for South Australia, the last coming against Victoria in February 1915. In his 4 appearances, he scored 93 runs at a batting average of 13.28, with a high score of 23. With the ball, he took 13 wickets at a bowling average of 35.92, with best figures of 3/56.
He died in Torquay, England on 14 August 1961.
# Albrook metro station

Albrook station is a Panama Metro station which, as of 2024, serves as the southern terminus of Line 1. It was one of the metro network's first 11 stations, opened on 5 April 2014. The station provides access to the city's main bus terminal and Albrook Mall In its first year of operations, Albrook was the third most used station on the network.

## Gallery

* Station sign
* Station building
# Alcohol and Drugs History Society

The Alcohol and Drugs History Society (ADHS) is a scholarly organization whose members study the history of a variety of illegal, regulated, and unregulated drugs such as opium, alcohol, and coffee. Organized in 2004, the ADHS is the successor to a society with a more limited scope, the Alcohol and Temperance History Group, which existed for 25 years. The last ATHG president and the first ADHS president was Ian R. Tyrrell, Professor of History at the University of New South Wales, in Australia. In July 2006 he was succeeded by W.J. Rorabaugh, Professor of History at the University of Washington. In July, 2008, David T. Courtwright, Professor of History at the University of North Florida became president. In 2011 Joseph Spillane, Associate Professor of History at the University of Florida, succeeded him as president.
The ADHS sponsors the academic journal The Social History of Alcohol and Drugs: an Interdisciplinary Journal (SHAD). The journal appears in both printed and electronic formats, published twice a year, in the winter and the summer. Starting in 2019, the journal was published by the University of Chicago Press. SHAD's editorial structure recently changed and its current co-editors are David Herzberg (SUNY-Buffalo), Nancy Campbell (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), and Lucas Richert (University of Strathclyde). Its former editor-in-chief is Dan Malleck, from Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada. Other former editors include Jim Mills, from University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland; W. Scott Haine, from California, and the Reviews Editors are James Nicholls, from Bath Spa University, England and Alex Mold, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In November, 2009 it created an editorial board, which is populated by some of the most prominent alcohol and drugs history scholars in the world.
The ADHS is affiliated with the American Historical Association and sponsors sessions at the January meetings of the AHA.
The ADHS held an international conference in Canada in August 2007, with Guelph University (Ontario) as the host The next international conference was in 2009 at Glasgow, Scotland, with the University of Strathclyde as the host. In 2011 an international conference was held at the State University of New York, Buffalo. In 2015 the ADHS met at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, USA. In 2017 there was an international conference at the University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Shanghai will serve as host for the 2019 meeting.

## Also

* Drunken monkey hypothesis
* Stoned ape theory
# Albin Schram

Albin Schram (1926–2005) was one of the greatest collectors of autograph letters by shapers of world history. He was born in Prague to Austrian parents. He studied law at Vienna University and worked in Vienna, Germany and Switzerland. After the annexation of Czechoslovakia, he was conscripted into the Wehrmacht in 1943.
Schram was a voracious collector of letters, owning manuscripts written by literary, historical, musical, political and scientific figures across 500 years. He was a wealthy Austrian banker who pursued his hobby from his mansion in Lausanne, Switzerland. The letters were kept in a filing cabinet adjoining the laundry in the basement of the house.
He is said to have collected some 1000 letters, written by royals, scientists, writers and philosophers. They date between the 15th and 20th Centuries, and represent a broad range of countries and languages.
# Albrecht Becker

Albrecht Becker (14 November 1906 – 22 April 2002) was a German production designer, photographer, and actor who was imprisoned by the Nazi regime for the charge of homosexuality.

## Personal life

Born in Thale, Germany, Becker trained as a teacher. At age eighteen, he began a relationship with the Director of the State Archive in Würzburg, Joseph Friedrich Abert, an older man. The relationship lasted ten years. Through this contact, he met an array of influential and artistic people. He was an actor and production designer.
Later in life, he devoted himself completely to photography. While living in Freiburg and Vienna, he showed his first exhibitions and earned his first commissions. He supplemented his income by providing photographs for newspapers and magazines.

## Würzburg

Würzburg is a city in the southern state of Bavaria. Living in Würzburg in the 1930s was a Jewish wine merchant by the name of Dr Leopold Obermayer, who apparently complained to the local police department that his mail was being opened. The complaint was investigated by the Gestapo, who took the liberty to search Obermayer's home and discovered a number of photographs of young men in his safe. One of these photographs was of Albrecht Becker. Becker was brought in for questioning in 1935 on suspicion of violating Paragraph 175.
Becker reportedly declared: "Everybody knows I'm a homosexual." Both Obermayer and Becker were put on trial. Becker was sentenced to three years in prison at Nürnberg. Obermayer was also convicted of violating Paragraph 175, but as a Jew was sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was tortured there and sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where he died.
Towards the end of the war as the need to replace losses increased Becker was released in order to serve in the Wehrmacht. He served on the Russian front until 1944. Becker spoke of his experiences during the war in the 2000 documentary Paragraph 175.

## Last years

During the 1970s, Becker's photography encompassed an eclectic range of subjects including ushers at the Vienna Opera, monks in an Augustinian monastery, Berlin gravediggers, and the ruins of Küstrin. At the center of his work was the human body. He would photograph it either as a whole or part.

## Death

Becker died of natural causes in Hamburg, Germany in 2002, aged 95.

## Selected filmography

* Not Afraid of Big Animals (1953)
* The Flower of Hawaii (1953)
* Columbus Discovers Kraehwinkel (1954)
* The False Adam (1955)
* Ball at the Savoy (1955)
* Bandits of the Autobahn (1955)
* Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)
* Music in the Blood (1955)
* A Heart Returns Home (1956)
* Heart Without Mercy (1958)
* Pension Schöller (1960)
* Beloved Impostor (1961)
# Albrecht Besserer von Thalfingen

Albrecht Theodorich Freiherr Besserer von Thalfingen (8 October 1787 – 1 February 1839) was a Bavarian General, Hofmarschall of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, and Acting War Minister under Ludwig I of Bavaria from 1 November 1838 to 28 January 1839.
Besserer, a member of the Besserer von Thalfingen line, was born in Langenau and died in Munich. On 26 September 1819 he married Caroline Adelheid Walburga Josepha Wilhelmina Freiin von Verger (1789–1870). The couple had two children, Maximilian Joseph Aloys (born 1820) and Therese Sophia (born 1824).

## References and notes

* ↑ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
* ↑ "BLO Personen".
* ↑ called "Verweser"
* ↑ Besserer Auf Thalfingen, Albrecht Freiherr von Archived 2020-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, House of the Bavarian history (HdBG).
* ↑ Archiv der Herren und Freiherren Besserer von Thalfingen (German), p. 3.
* ↑ "Individual Page".
* ↑ Albrecht Theodorich Freiherr Besserer v. Thalfingen, RootsWeb.
Government offices :
| Preceded byFranz Xaver von Freiherr Hertling | Ministers of War (Bavaria) 1838–1839 (acting) | Succeeded byFriedrich Freiherr von Hertling (acting) |
* This biographical article related to the military of Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aleksey Saltykov

Aleksey/Alexey/Alexei Saltykov may refer to:
* Alexey Saltykov (director) (1934–1993), Soviet and Russian film director
* Alexey Saltykov (1806–1859), Russian traveller, writer and artist
* Alexey Petrovich Saltykov [ru], Governor of Moscow (1713–1716) and Governor of Kazan (1719–1725)
# Aldo Cavalli

Aldo Cavalli (born 18 October 1946) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1979 and served as an apostolic nuncio from 1996 to 2021. In November 2021 he became Apostolic Visitor to Medjugorje. He has been an archbishop since 1996.

## Biography

Cavalli was born in Lecco, Italy, on 18 October 1946. On 18 March 1971, he was ordained a priest in Bergamo. He then taught literature for several years at a seminary while he studied political science and social sciences. In 1975 he began his studies in diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. He studied canon law and theology and completed a degree in political science.
Cavalli joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 15 April 1979 and fulfilled assignments in Burundi, Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe, Chile, Colombia, Libya, and Malta.
Cavalli was named Apostolic Delegate to Angola, Apostolic Nuncio to São Tomé and Principe, and titular archbishop of Vibo Valentia on 2 July 1996 by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Angelo Sodano on 26 August. His title in Angola changed to Apostolic Nuncio on 1 September 1997.
On 28 June 2001, Pope John Paul II named him Apostolic Nuncio to Chile.
On 29 October 2007, Pope Benedict XVI named him Apostolic Nuncio to Colombia. In April 2011, he spoke out against proposed legislation in Colombia to legalize the adoption of children by same-sex couples.
On 16 February 2013, Pope Benedict XVI named him Apostolic Nuncio to Malta, and on 13 April Pope Francis added the responsibilities of Apostolic Nuncio to Libya.
On 21 March 2015 Pope Francis appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to the Netherlands. On 3 July 2015 he presented his credentials as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
On 27 November 2021, Pope Francis appointed him special Apostolic Visitor to the parish of Medjugorje.
# Alex Moiseyev

Alexander Moiseyev (born February 19, 1959) is a Soviet-born American draughts player. He holds the title of Grandmaster in international draughts, Russian draughts and English draughts. In this latter he was world champion in the 3-move variation from 2003 to 2013, winning five world championships, in 2002, 2003, 2005, 2009 and 2011.

## Career

Moiseyev began playing Russian draughts at seven and by age fifteen he achieved a Master rating. He had further success in Russian draughts, but switched to international draughts in 1979 or 1980 (sources conflict). In 1991 he left Russia and settled in the US. He won the US title at the international form in 1995 and then switched to English draughts, also known as "American checkers". He went on to win the US National Tournament in 1999.
In 2003 he won the world title in 3-move draughts. In 2008 he won the gold medal at the 1st World Mind Games, held in Beijing, in American checkers. Moiseyev won the gold medal again in American checkers at the 2012 SportAccord World Mind Games in Beijing. In 2013 he lost the 3-Move World Title Match against Michele Borghetti.
# Alexandra of Glucksburg

Alexandra of Glucksburg may refer to:
* Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), queen consort of Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom and member of the House of Glücksburg by birth
* Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1887–1957), second daughter of Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
* Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (1870–1891), eldest daughter of George I, King of the Hellenes and member of the House of Glücksburg by birth
* Alexandra of Yugoslavia (1921–1993), queen consort of Peter II, King of Yugoslavia and member of the House of Glücksburg by birth
* Princess Alexandra of Greece (born 1968), great-granddaughter of George I, King of the Hellenes and member of the House of Glücksburg by birth
# Alexandra bridges

The Alexandra Bridges refers to the old and new bridges that cross the Clutha River in Alexandra, New Zealand. The bridges are situated at the confluence of the Clutha River/Mata-au River and Manuherikia River.

## Old Alexandra bridge

The old bridge opened on 1 June 1882. It used to connect Old Bridge Road (Bridge Hill side of the Clutha/Mata-au) and Rivers Street (Alexandra township side). It was built by Vincent County engineer Leslie Duncan Macgeorge in 1882, and was a suspension bridge. At the time, was one of New Zealand's biggest and strongest. It was a much-needed bridge because 4 years earlier the nearest bridge, located at Clyde (upstream), was washed away in a flood.
All that remains of the old bridge are the piers, abutments, and towers. These are listed as a Category I historic place by Heritage New Zealand. The decking and cables were removed in the months of June and July, 1963.
The bridge's roadway was 554 feet from bank to bank. At the time it was built, it was the suspension bridge with the greatest length. The centre arch measured 262 feet 6 inches long. The centre of the bridge stood 40 to 50 feet above the middle of the river.
The east side abutment was made of masonry in a solid mass consisting of blocks of stone placed on piles made of totara wood and black pine. It was 83 feet in length and stood 26 feet high. The deck was a double layer of planks.
The west side pier and moorings were situated on rock. The piers reached 90 feet high from the river's bedrock. The structure was supported by 8 cables each three inches in diameter.
The Alexandra Pipe Band marched across the bridge as part of the opening celebrations on 1 June 1882, and also to mark the official closing on the same day that the new bridge opened on 5 July 1958.

## New Alexandra bridge

The new bridge is situated adjacent and just upstream of the old bridge. It is a steel truss arch bridge and part of New Zealand State Highway 8.
It was opened on 5 July 1958 and cost £261,000. The Alexandra Pipe Band marched across the bridge as part of the opening celebrations and then marched across the old bridge to indicate its closing.
It was built to replace the old bridge. The old bridge was a single lane, which was insufficient to handle the increasing amount of traffic.
Plans to strengthen the bridge are underway. The work is intended to take place between March and the end of June 2015. The work will be undertaken by the New Zealand Transport Agency and will cost almost $700,000. The reinforcements will allow heavier vehicles to cross the bridge. The work, most of which will be conducted underneath the bridge, will involve the installation of large steel beams.
# Alexander Stevenson

Alexander Stevenson may refer to:
* Alexander Stevenson (Scottish politician) (1860–1936), Scottish councillor and lay preacher
* Alexander Allan Stevenson (1829–1910), Canadian businessman, politician and military officer
* Alexander Campbell Stevenson (1802–1889), American farmer, physician, and politician
* Alexander Stevenson (footballer) (1903–?), Scottish football right back
* Alexander Stevenson (rugby union) (1885–1963), Scottish rugby union player
* Alex Stevenson (1912–1985), Irish footballer
* Alexander Stevenson (physician) (1726–1791), Scottish physician
# Alexander Zakirov

Alexander Zakirov (born July 8, 1992) is a Russian ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (|KHL).
Zakirov made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg during the 2011–12 KHL season.