OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1940 Finnish presidential election

Early and indirect presidential elections were held in Finland in 1940 after President Kyösti Kallio resigned on 27 November following a stroke on 27 August. The 1937 electoral college was recalled and elected Prime Minister Risto Ryti, who received 288 of the 300 votes. Most other Finnish politicians considered Ryti a principled, unselfish, intelligent and patriotic man, who could lead Finland effectively enough during World War II. His leadership qualities had been tested already during the Winter War (November 1939–March 1940). Also the outgoing President Kallio considered him the best available presidential candidate. In early December 1940, the Soviet Foreign Minister, Vyacheslav Molotov, interfered with the Finnish presidential elections by claiming to the Finnish Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, that if potential presidential candidates such as Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, former President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, or former Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki were elected President, the Soviet government would consider Finland unwilling to fulfill its peace treaty with the Soviet Union. Due to the lingering threat of another war and the Karelian refugees' dispersal throughout Finland, regular presidential elections were cancelled, and instead the 1937 presidential electors were summoned to elect the President. Under these tense political circumstances, Ryti had no problem winning these exceptional presidential elections by a landslide. The same day, former president Kallio died.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Risto Ryti | National Progressive Party | 288 | 97.96 |
| | Johan Helo | Social Democratic Party | 4 | 1.36 |
| | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud | National Coalition Party | 1 | 0.34 |
| | Toivo Mikael Kivimäki | National Progressive Party | 1 | 0.34 |
| Total | Total | Total | 294 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 294 | 98.00 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 6 | 2.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 300 | 100.00 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||||
# Ascobolaceae

The Ascobolaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. A 2008 estimate places 6 genera and 129 species in the family.

## Description

Most fruiting bodies of the disk-like ascobolaceae examined, are round and without conidium. All members of this family of fungi have a saprobiontic lifestyle, feeding on decaying and dead matter.

## Taxonomy

* Ascobolaceae with 4 different genera
** Ascobolus
** Cubonia
** Saccobolus
** Thecotheus

## Examples

Ascobolus michaudii and Ascobolus albidus live as decomposers on the feces of large herbivore and omnivore mammals and depend on their survival, due to the specialized habitat they inhabit.
* Weißlicher Kotling Ascobolus albidus, Northern Velebit National Park
* Ascobolus scatigenus
* Ascobolus carbonarius dwells on burnt material
* Ascobolus stercorarius:James Sowerbys Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms
* Saccobolus citrinus
* Thecotheus holmskioldii
# William Nellis

William Nellis may refer to:
* William Harrell Nellis (1916–1944), World War II fighter pilot, for whom Nellis Air Force Base is named
* William J. Nellis (born 1941), American physicist
# David Wayman

David Wayman (born 27 January 1988) is an English actor.

## Early life

Wayman (born David Place) grew up in Enfield, London and attended Lochinver House School and St. Columba's College.
Aged 18, he joined The Rifles as a reservist.

## Career

Wayman trained at East 15 Acting School in Loughton.
Early work saw him taking a lead role in Martin Gooch's After Death opposite Ben Shockley, Leslie Phillips and Paul Freeman, before playing a leading role in Knight Knight in 2012.
In 2014, he was featured in the Evening Standard for having lead roles in five films at Cannes Film Festival.
In 2014, he starred in Wandering Rose, released by Entertainment One and Shoreline Entertainment's Art Ache.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | An Education | Man in Café | Uncredited |
| 2012 | Angry Nazi Zombies | George | |
| 2012 | Knight Knight | Sir Gilbert | |
| 2012 | After Death | Tom | |
| 2012 | Art Of Darkness | Steve | |
| 2012 | The Search For Simon | The Non-German Soldier | |
| 2013 | The Dead Inside | Pte. Paul Bradburn | Also military adviser |
| 2014 | For the Evening | James? | Also writer/co-director |
| 2014 | Wandering Rose | Theo | |
| 2015 | I am the Doorway | Dennis | |
| 2015 | Send in the clowns | David | |
| 2015 | Art Ache | Alex | |
| 2016 | Capsule | Harry Lyndhurst | |
| 2016 | Tango One | Charlie | |
| 2019 | Benny Loves You | Phil | |
| 2022 | Graphic Desires | Frank |

### Television

| Year | Programme | Role | Notes |
| 2013 | JFK: Seven Days That Made a President | Patrick McMahon | |
| 2014 | Harold Shipman | Young Shipman | 2 episodes |
| 2015 | That's English | Danny | 3 Seasons |
| 2016 | Stormbird | Roy Brown | |
# Derenburg witch trials

The Derenburg witch trials took place in the County of Regenstein in the Holy Roman Empire in present day Germany on the 1st of October 1555. They resulted in the execution of 4 people (3 women and 1 man) by being burnt at the stake. There are no official records and little documentation of the trials and burnings, but they were made famous in contemporary Germany by a well-known popular print, in which they were illustrated and described.
The print, which is a typical example of so-called 'witch newspapers' or pamphlets found in Southern Germany during the height of its witch-hunting craze, tells of two women Gröbische, and Gißlersche, who were executed by burning in October 1555 for witchcraft. Gröbische had confessed to have been in a pact with Satan for eleven years. The sensationalist popular print claimed that Gröbische was saved from the stake by her lover Satan himself, who lifted her up from the burning stake and flew away with her after it was lit. Two days later, on October 3, 1555, the two burned women are said to have returned to Derenburg and danced around the fire in Gißler's house. The print also claims they pushed Gißler's husband out the door of his house so roughly that he fell to his death in front of his neighbours.
On 12 October 1555, the widower of Gröbischen was executed for fornication and adultery with the sister of his late wife. Two days later another woman, Serckschen, was executed later in October for having made a man lame and given him fever by burying a toad beneath his doorway.
Until the 1560s, witch trials were still quite uncommon and small in Germany, and the case of Derenburg attracted great attention. The Derenburg witch trials became famous in contemporary Germany by the popular print and used as a deterrent example to others.
# Cathy Lee Crane

Cathy Lee Crane (born 1962) is a North American experimental films director and producer, based in Ithaca, New York. She was a Guggenheim Fellow in 2013.
Her films include Pasolini's Last Words, focusing on the death and legacy of filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini.

## Filmography

* The Manhattan Front (2017)
* Pasolini's Last Words (2012)
* Sketches After Halle (1997)

## Awards

* 1997 Eastman Kodak Award as Most Promising Talents of the Future Generation of Filmmakers
* 2013 Guggenheim Fellowship in Film-Video
# Çukurçayır

Çukurçayır is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Ortahisar, Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its population is 33,438 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). Çukurçayır is a southern suburb of Trabzon, situated to the west of Turkish state highway D.885 which connects Trabzon to Gümüşhane, Maçka and Sumela Monastery. In 1995 it was declared a seat of township. According to mayor's page a monastery and a bridge are the historically important ruins of the town.
# Arkansas Razorbacks football, 1970–1979
## 1970–1979 statistical leaders

| Passing Year Player Com Att % Yards 1970 Bill Montgomery 110 195 56 1662 1971 Joe Ferguson 160 271 59 2203 1972 Joe Ferguson 119 254 47 1484 1973 Mike Kirkland 75 151 50 990 1974 Scott Bull 14 32 44 238 1975 Scott Bull 33 71 46 570 1976 Ron Calcagni 17 57 30 366 1977 Ron Calcagni 73 137 53 1147 1978 Ron Calcagni 62 103 60 807 1979 Kevin Scanlon 92 139 66 1212 | Rushing Year Player Att Yards Avg 1970 Bill Burnett 110 445 4.0 1971 Dickey Morton 127 831 6.5 1972 Dickey Morton 242 1188 4.9 1973 Dickey Morton 226 1298 5.7 1974 Ike Forte 187 974 5.2 1975 Ike Forte 174 983 5.6 1976 Ben Cowins 183 1162 6.3 1977 Ben Cowins 220 1192 5.4 1978 Ben Cowins 188 1006 5.4 1979 Roland Sales 138 625 4.5 | Receiving Year Player Rec Yards YPC 1970 Chuck Dicus 38 577 15.2 1971 Mike Reppond 56 986 17.6 1972 Mike Reppond 36 475 13.2 1973 Jack Ettinger 28 411 14.7 1974 Freddie Douglas 15 332 22.1 1975 Freddie Douglas 13 232 17.8 1976 Charles Clay 7 174 24.9 1977 Donnie Bobo 22 454 20.6 1978 Robert Farrell 13 229 17.6 1979 Gary Stiggers 23 221 9.6 |
# Arennia gens

The gens Arennia was a plebeian family at Rome during the period of the Punic Wars. It is known chiefly from two individuals, probably brothers, who held the office of tribune of the plebs in 210 BC, during the War with Hannibal.

## Members

* Gaius Arennius, tribune of the plebs in 210 BC.
* Lucius Arennius, tribune of the plebs in 210 BC, and prefect of the allies in 208, was taken prisoner in the battle in which Marcellus was defeated by Hannibal.
# Ascobolus brassicae

Ascobolus brassicae is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Ascobolaceae.
This is a European species appearing as tiny off-white (later turning purple) discs, with toothed edges, up to 1 mm across on animal dung, especially that of rodents. It is also found on rotting Brassica stems which gives rise to the specific name.
# William Edward Robinson

William Edward Robinson (1863 – 10 May 1927) was an English merchant and Liberal Party politician.

## Family and career

Robinson was born in Burslem, Staffordshire the son of William Robinson of Stoke on Trent. He married in 1892. By profession he was a potter's merchant and in religion he was a member of the United Methodist Church. His grandson was Neville Robinson physicist.

## Local politics

He was an elected member of Stoke on Trent council, becoming an Alderman and was later Mayor of the town circa 1918 for three years in succession. He had a particular interest in housing and transport issues.

## Parliament

He stood for Parliament only once being elected Liberal MP for Stoke-on-Trent, Burslem at the 1923 general election. In a straight fight (apparently with Unionist support) he defeated the sitting Labour MP, Andrew MacLaren by the narrow margin of 63 votes, just 0.2% of the total poll.
Robinson, perhaps mindful of his local arrangement with the Conservatives, voted against his own party in the division which brought in the first Labour government. Robinson was also one of a minority of Liberal MPs who voted with the Tories to force a debate on unemployment in May 1924 and again on an employment issue in August. He decided not to defend his Burslem seat in 1924 when Labour was opposed by a Constitutionalist candidate, the former Liberal William Allen. Allen later won election in Burslem at the 1931 general election. Constitutionalist was a label used by some anti-socialist candidates in UK general elections in the early 1920s. Most of the candidates were former Liberal Party members, and many of them joined the Conservative Party soon after being elected. The best known Constitutionalist candidate was Winston Churchill.
Robinson did not try to re-enter the House of Commons.

## Death

Robinson died on 10 May 1927 aged 63 years.
# David Wayne (disambiguation)

David Wayne may refer to:
* David Wayne (1914–1995), American actor
* David Wayne (musician) (1958–2005), American singer
# Designated community

In information and archival communities, a designated community is an identified group of potential consumers who should be able to understand a particular set of information. These consumers may consist of multiple communities, are designated by the archive, and may change over time.
Organizations determine their designated communities and establish standards and guidelines that create a mutually beneficial relationship. A designated community can be defined by its occupation, status, or geographic location.
The term designated community is closely aligned with the concept of Open Archival Information System (OAIS). Each one gives the other a central purpose. The OAIS is a repository of information specified for its designated community. The designated community is the reason the OAIS maintains the information it collects.
A designated community can change, grow, shrink, or otherwise change over time, depending on the purpose of the information being preserved. Sometimes, a designated community can start as one subset and evolve into a wholly different subset depending on how the information that was originally assigned is being used or misused.

## Example

Canada's York University has a specific definition for its digital preservation designated communities. They categorize them as “primary” and “secondary” communities. This demonstrates their prioritization of the intent behind what is digitally preserved. With a primary community made up of the university's faculty, students, staff, and researchers, York University situates that community's digital preservation needs above others.
# Cebadas River

The Cebadas River is a river of Ecuador.
# Émile Bender

Émile Joseph Louis Bender (6 September 1871 – 26 March 1953) was a French politician.
Émile Bender was born in Charentay in the Rhône département where his father was a wine grower. Educated in Lyon, he studied and practised law in the city while continuing the family wine business.
A member of the Radical Party, Bender became mayor of Odenas in 1901 and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1907 in a by-election and again in 1914 in the general election. He served on several committees in the Chamber, including those concerned with labour, judicial reforms, the budget, and the commission dealing with civil and criminal legislation which he chaired.
He failed to be re-elected in 1919, was successful in 1924 and again failed in 1928. In 1931 he was elected to the French Senate where he served on the commerce committee, later acting as the vice-president and president of the committee.
In June 1940, he was one of the 80 who voted against the grant of special powers to Philippe Pétain and the creation of the Vichy régime. Following the creation of the Vichy régime he retired from politics. In his final years he lived in Nice where he died in 1953.
# Aristide Razu

Aristide Razu, CB, (7 March 1868 – 1950) was a Romanian divisional general, commander of the Romanian 22nd Infantry Division in the 1916 Romanian Campaign against the Central Powers, and of the Romanian 5th Infantry Division during the Battle of Mărășești, 6–19 August 1917, in World War I.

## Biography

Razu was born on 7 March 1868 in the City of Cahul, Bessarabia Governorate as Aristarh (Aristide) Razu, to Aristide Razu, a physician and later the mayor of Târgu Ocna, and Clara Razu, born Krupensky; he was baptized in the Orthodox religion. He finished his studies at the University of Liège on 18 October 1895 with a degree in electrical engineering. After returning to Romania he attended the Higher War School. On June 15, 1902, he married Margareta Mandrea, daughter of Judge Nicolae Mandrea and Zoe, née Bălcescu (the daughter of Barbu Bălcescu). From 1910 to 1913 he served as a military attaché of Romania in Istanbul, Turkey. In 1914 he was appointed commander of the 8th Infantry Regiment in Buzău.
During the First World War, Razu served as commander of the 22nd Infantry Division in the 1916 campaign, then as commander of the 5th Infantry Division in the 1917 campaign, and finally as commander of the 1st Army Corps in 1918. In 1918 he also served as General Secretary of the Army.
In 1925 he was appointed Inspector General at the Ministry of Defense, a position from which he was transferred to the reserve in 1928. He died in Bucharest in 1950.

## Awards

* Order of the Crown (Romania), Knight rank (1900)
* Order of the Star of Romania, Knight rank (1912)
* Order of the Crown (Romania), Commander rank, with spades and Military Virtue Medal ribbon (May 23, 1918)
* Order of the Star of Romania, Commander rank, with spades (July 28, 1918)
* Order of the Bath, Honorary Companion class (September 30, 1920)

## Works

* Conferințe de fortificațiune pasageră ținute de Căpitanul A. Razu gradelor inferioare de infanterie care au urmat școala practică de lucrări de campanie, la Regimentul 1 Geniu, în anii 1900 și 1901, ed. II. revăzută, Tipografia Regimentului 1 Geniu Bucuresci, 1901.
* Conferințe de semnalisare ținute de Căpitanul A. Razu oficerilor și gradelor inferioare cari au urmat școala practică de lucrări de campanie în tabăra de la Schitul-Golești, în vara anului 1900, sub direcțiunea superioară a Colonelului Ioan Culcer, Comandantul Regimentului 1 Geniu, ed. II revăzută, Tipografia Regimentului 1 Geniu Bucuresci, 1901.
* Cursul de fortificațiune. Vol. I. Părțile III-IV. Organizarea forturilor și constituirea și organizarea cetăților permanente, întocmit și predat de căpitanul de geniu Aristide Razu, professor ajutor sub direcțiunea Maiorului Sc. Panaitescu, professor. Autografia Școalelor militare de Artilerie și Geniu, București, 1903.
* Manual de telegrafie și telefonie pentru campaniile de telegrafie. Cu un atlas cuprinzând 20 foi, lucrat de Căpitanul A. Razu din Geniu. Institutul de Arte Grafice, Carol Göbl, Bucuresci, 1899.
* Anexa la Manualul de telegrafie și telefonie, lucrat de Căpitanul A. Razu din Geniu Institutul de Arte Grafice, Carol Göbl, Bucuresci, 1903
# Asghar Ali

Asghar Ali may refer to:
* Asghar Ali (cricketer, born 1971), United Arab Emirates cricketer
* Asghar Ali (cricketer, born 1924) (1924–1979), cricketer in India from 1943 to 1949, and in Pakistan from 1949 to 1957
# William Noyes

William Noyes may refer to:
* William Noyes (priest) (1568–1622), Anglican clergyman of Puritan teachings
* William A. Noyes (1857–1941), American analytical and organic chemist
* W. Albert Noyes Jr. (1898–1980), his son, American chemist
* William W. Noyes (1846–1910), American Civil War soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
* William Curtis Noyes (1805–1864), American jurist.
* William Leslie Noyes (1836–1908), American farmer and politician from New York
# Devil's Chapel Scowles

Devil's Chapel Scowles (grid reference SO606045) is a 44.79-hectare (110.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified England, in 1998. The site lies in the Forest of Dean and has four units of assessment by Natural England.

## Scowles

Scowle is the ancient name for certain limestone outcrops located in the Forest of Dean. These are important in folk memory and in the local heritage. The pits, holes and features called scowles occur in the centre of the Dean and normally contain iron ore, which gave rise to mining in the area. This has given the impression these are the result of human activity. Scowles are formed by a geological process.
Scowles are wildlife rich, and the minimum disturbance in the area has been beneficial. Habitats range from endangered limestone grassland to acid heathland, which are conservation priorities in Gloucestershire's Biodiversity Action Plan. Of prime importance is that the scowle areas support threatened species of bat. These creature hibernate in the deeper mines which are accessed at scowle formations.

## Location

This site is one of a series of Sites of Special Scientific Interest within the Forest of Dean and Wye Valley (Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire) notified for the Lesser and Greater horseshoe bat populations. The sites, between them, include both breeding and hibernation roosts. This is of European importance. Other sites which form part of this series in Gloucestershire include the breeding sites of Blaisdon Hall, Caerwood And Ashberry Goose House, Dean Hall Coach House & Cellar, and Sylvan House Barn. Hibernation sites include Buckshraft Mine & Bradley Hill Railway Tunnel, Old Bow And Old Ham Mines, Westbury Brook Ironstone Mine and Wigpool Ironstone Mine.
The deciduous woodlands and sheltered valleys of the Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley provide a good feeding area, and the underground systems provide roosting and breeding sites. The citations for the series of sites provide common information.

## Publications

* Scowles in the Forest of Dean – their formation, history and wildlife, (undated), Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, Gloucestershire County Council Archaeology Service, Gloucestershire Geoconservation Trust, English Heritage and English Nature (now Natural England) joint publication
# Cecil FitzMaurice, 8th Earl of Orkney

Cecil O'Bryen Fitz-Maurice, 8th Earl of Orkney (3 July 1919 – 5 February 1998) was a Scottish peer. He held the subsidiary titles of Viscount of Kirkwall and Baron of Dechmont.
Born in 1919, Fitz-Maurice was the younger son of Captain Douglas Frederick Harold FitzMaurice RNAS (died 1937), a great-grandson of the 5th Earl, by his marriage to Dorothy Janette, daughter of Captain Robert Dickie, RN. His elder brother Douglas Hubert Hamilton FitzMaurice (1916–1942) was killed in action during the Second World War.
He joined the Royal Army Service Corps on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and served in North Africa, Italy, France and Germany. He later served in the Korean War from 1950 to 1951. In 1951, he inherited the Earldom of Orkney from a cousin, Edmond Walter FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney (1867–1951).
In 1953, the new Lord Orkney married Rose Katharine Durk, the younger daughter of J. W. D. Silley, of Brixham, but they had no children. He died in 1998 and was succeeded by his kinsman Oliver Peter St John.
With the granting of seats in the House of Lords to all Scottish peers, which took effect in August 1963, Orkney gained a seat in the Lords, which was then expected to be for life. He did not live to see the enactment of the House of Lords Act 1999 which would have cost him his seat, removing most hereditary peers.
At the time of his death, Orkney was living in Princes Road, Ferndown, Dorset.
# Çölağan, Bismil

Çölağan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bismil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 139 (2022).
# Aristide Petrilli

Aristide Petrilli (1868-1930?) was an Italian sculptor active from the late 1800s to early 1900s.
Petrilli was born in Tivoli, Lazio, and studied in Florence at the Art Institute and subsequently the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze from 1889-90. He worked with Raffaello Romanelli before establishing his own studio at via Serragli, 152, in Florence. He specialised in romanticized figures of classical and historical themes, often using coloured marbles or bronze or gilt highlights, and is most remembered for his maidens in the Renaissance style.
Petrilli's works were exhibited in the Salon of the Société des Artistes Français in 1896 (n° 3744 "Deux haut-reliefs" and n° 3745 "L'Empereur Napoléon Bonaparte"). He subsequently exhibited a bust of Joan of Arc at the Paris Exposition Universelle (1900), and Wrestling Bacchantes at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis World's Fair). The Wrestling Bacchantes is now displayed in the Atascadero, California Sunken Gardens, and several other pieces at the Hearst Castle. His realistic bronze Ritratto di Giacomo Puccini is now in Montevarchi, Italy. It is also reported that in 1924 he created the plaque commemorating the Caduti per la Soc. Sportiva Sempre Avanti in Florence.
# Archiud

The Archiud is a left tributary of the river Dipșa in Romania. It flows through the Budurleni Reservoir, and discharges into the Dipșa in the village Dipșa. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi) and its basin size is 40 km$^2$ (15 sq mi).