OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alfredo Robert

Alfredo Robert (1877–1964) was an Italian actor and film director.

## Selected filmography

* Il sire di Vincigliata (1913)
* The Doctor's Secret (1931)
* Paradise (1932)
* Doctor Antonio (1937)
* Pietro Micca (1938)
* It Always Ends That Way (1939)
* The King of England Will Not Pay (1941)
* Don Cesare di Bazan (1942)
* Pact with the Devil (1950)
# Alfredo Bai

Alfredo Bai (born Turin, November 27, 1913 – died Giaveno, June 1980) was an Italian sculptor.
Bai worked in the Arsenale di Torino, before he served as soldier in the guerrilla operation in the Valli di Lanzo during World War II. In the 1950s he discovered his vocation for sculpture, and realized different works in the whole Piedmontese region.

## "Cristo delle Vette"

His most significant work is certainly "Cristo delle Vette", a monumental statue in bronze of Jesus Christ, which was carried and placed by the 37th Alpini Company, commanded by Costanzo Picco, on the top of the Balmenhorn in the Pennine Alps on September 4, 1955. Before the enterprise of transport, the 360 centimeters sculpture was subdivided into eleven parts, the head alone weighed 54 kg.

## Gallery

* "Cristo delle Vette" (Jesus Christ on top), Balmenhorn
* Saint Leonardo Murialdo bust, Uia di Ciamarella
# Alfredo De La Vega

Alfredo De La Vega (born 1911–1912 in Los Angeles, died September 24, 1987, in West Hollywood, California) was a wealthy businessman, real estate manager and frequent host of Hollywood celebrities.
He was born in Hancock Park, the son of a prominent Mexican family which socialized with the families of many motion picture stars. Starting off in business in the insurance industry, where he worked for many years, De La Vega later owned a number of large apartment buildings and ran them through his own company.
Residing in one of them, the La Fontaine building at Crescent Heights and Fountain in West Hollywood, De La Vega was known in social circles for his extravagant dinner parties in his apartment there.
At age 75, De La Vega was killed there while an assistant listened via intercom from the building's basement office of De La Vega Management Company. Police reported that he had been shot at least twice in the abdomen and that a small revolver was found near the body.
Another assistant said the door of De La Vega's large apartment was open, left thus by a houseboy and an overnight guest who left at 9:30 a.m.
According to TV sleuth Dominick Dunne, who knew De La Vega and was familiar with the scene of his death, it must have been a homicide.
# Alfsen

Alfsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edin Cornelius Alfsen (1896–1966), Norwegian-American Lutheran missionary
* Ellen Alfsen (born 1965), Norwegian politician
* Erik Alfsen (1930–2019), Norwegian mathematician
* Martin Alfsen (born 1959), Norwegian musician
# Alhassan Mumuni

Alhassan Mumuni (born 23 September 1967) is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Salaga North Constituency in the Northern Region on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress.

## Early life

Mumuni was born on 23 September 1967 at Gbung in the northern region of Ghana.

## Education

Mumuni attended the University of Education, Winneba, and graduated with a Bachelor of Education degree.

## Personal life

Mumuni is a Muslim, and is married with six children.

## Politics

Mumuni is a member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). In 2012, he contested the Salaga North seat on the ticket of the NDC sixth parliament of the fourth republic and won.

### 2012 election

Mumuni contested the 2012 Ghanaian general election on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress for the Salaga North parliamentary seat in the Northern Region of Ghana and won the election with 6,772 votes which is equivalent to 62.39% of the total votes. He won the election over Adam Mohammed Kamarudeen of the New Patriotic Party who polled 3,462 votes representing 31.89%, and IND parliamentary candidate Abdul-Fataw Abdul-Wahab who had 621 votes representing 5.72% of the total votes.

#### 2016 election

Mumuni was re-elected in the 2016 Ghanaian general election as a member of parliament for Salaga North constituency on the ticket of National Democratic Congress. He won the election with 6,363 votes representing 52.22% of the total votes. He won the parliamentary seat over Lucas Alhassan Abilla of the New Patriotic Party who polled 3,037 votes which is equivalent to 24.92%, Abdul-Fataw Abdul-Wahab of PPP who had 2,733 votes representing 22.43% and the parliamentary candidate for convention people's party polled 52 votes representing 0.43% of the total votes.

##### 2020 election

Mumuni again contested the 2020 Ghanaian general election for the Salaga North constituency on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress but lost the election to Alhassan Abdallah Iddi of the New Patriotic Party.

## Employment

* Ghana Education Service (Circuit Supervisor, Rural North "B" Circuit Salaga)
* DCE (East Gonja District) April, 2009–January, 2013
# Algernon Griffiths

Algernon Sydney Griffiths (23 May 1847 – 18 April 1899) was an English first-class cricketer active 1867–73 who played for Middlesex. He was born in Marylebone and died in West Kensington. He was the son of George Richard Griffiths and Letitia Chatfield. According to an entry in Burke's Landed Gentry, he was a brevet colonel and lieutenant-colonel in the Royal Artillery. In the Army List of 1888, he was described as a major. His brother, Herbert, was also a first-class cricketer.
# Alfred Dobson (footballer)

Alfred Thomas Carrick Dobson (28 March 1859 – 22 October 1932) was an English international footballer, who played as a right back.

## Early and personal life

Dobson was born on 28 March 1859 in Basford. He served in the Army, as a lieutenant. He later worked as a lace manufacturer. His first wife died, and he married two further times, having one son. His son died in World War One.
His brother Charles Dobson was also a footballer.

## Career

He played as an amateur for Notts County, and guested for Corinthian.
He earned four caps for England between 18 February 1882 and 17 March 1884. His first cap came in the very first international game for the Ireland national football team and resulted in a 13–0 win for England. Two years later he received his last three caps, which were in the inaugural British Home Championship of 1884, in which England finished runner up to Scotland.
# Acianthus fornicatus

Acianthus fornicatus, commonly known as bristly mosquito orchid or pixie caps, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a terrestrial herb with a single, heart-shaped leaf and up to ten translucent pinkish-red flowers, and is widespread and common in coastal and near-coastal areas.

## Description

Acianthus fornicatus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single heart-shaped, glabrous, dark green leaf which is reddish-purple on its lower surface. The leaf is 10–40 mm (0.4–2 in) long, 10–20 mm (0.4–0.8 in) wide on a stalk 4–9 cm (2–4 in) high.
There are up to ten flowers, well-spaced on a raceme 100–300 mm (4–10 in) tall, each flower 10–40 mm (0.4–2 in) long and translucent, pinkish-red with a green, sometimes blackish labellum. The dorsal sepal is broadly egg-shaped, 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide and forms a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, 1.4 mm (0.06 in) long wide with tips 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long and may be crossed or parallel to each other. The petals are about 4 mm × 1 mm (0.2 in × 0.04 in) long and spread widely. The labellum is green, rarely blackish, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, with the outer edges turned under. When flattened, it is heart-shaped, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.12 in). There is a thick, fleshy callus covering most of the central area and many small pimple-like papillae on the outer half. Flowering occurs between May and August.
This species is distinguished from others in the genus by its largish, projecting flowers, usually pinkish colouring, and broad dorsal sepal and labellum.

## Taxonomy and naming

Acianthus fornicatus was first formally described by Robert Brown in 1810 and the description was published in Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (fornicatus) is a Latin word meaning "vaulted" or "arched".

## Distribution and habitat

This mosquito orchid is widespread and common in coastal and near-coastal areas in heathy forest and coastal scrub, growing in well-drained sandy loam. It occurs in Queensland and in New South Wales as far south as Eden.

## Conservation

Acianthus fornicatus is not threatened in New South Wales, but is classified as threatened in Victoria, where it is found only on Gabo Island.
# Chemiluminescent immunoassay

Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) is a type of immunoassay employing chemiluminescence.
# Elspeth Rostow

Elspeth Rostow (born Elspeth Vaughan Davies; October 20, 1917 – December 10, 2007) was Dean of the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin from 1977 to 1983.

## Early life and education

Elspeth Vaughan Davies was born October 20, 1917. She graduated from Barnard College in 1938. She received a master's degree in history from Radcliffe College in 1939 and a master's degree from University of Cambridge in 1949.

## World War II

While teaching at Barnard in 1939, she was among the founders of American studies as an academic discipline and later authored the book, European Economic Reconstruction (1948). During World War II, she worked for the Office of Strategic Services in Washington, analyzing dispatches from the French Resistance. She had met Walt Whitman Rostow at a Paris seminar in 1937. After their marriage a decade later, the couple lived in Geneva for three years.

## Massachusetts Institute of Technology

When she was being considered as MIT's first female tenured professor in the early 1950s, the MIT Faculty Club remained an all-male enclave. When she went to the Provost and asked to be admitted, he denied her request, at which point she retorted, "well then you can just build me my own Faculty Club." The policy was changed that same day.

## University of Texas

She brought to the University of Texas impressive academic credentials and internationally recognized expertise in the area of public policy. Among her other presidential appointments, President Ronald Reagan appointed her to the board of the U.S. Institute of Peace, which she later chaired.
Rostow was a force at University of Texas from 1969 until her death. She was initially drawn to Austin, Texas with her husband, Walt, by the research value of Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential papers. (Walt had served in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations and was writing a book.) She served as dean of both the LBJ School of Public Affairs and University of Texas' Division of General and Comparative Studies.
As dean, she recruited professors such as Barbara Jordan. Despite her administrative ability, she considered herself first to be a teacher, eventually working as a professor for over half a century. She had remarked, "I enjoy the simple act of teaching. It's not transmitting information, it's enticing people into the world of ideas."

## 1990s

In 1991, she co-founded The Austin Project, a comprehensive community investment program in children and young people. Her husband once said, "She's extraordinarily concerned with other people. She is an administrator with a green thumb. When she runs something, it flourishes."
In 1996, The Alcalde described Rostow as having "never a hair nor a thread nor a word out of place. She is quietly intense, notoriously elegant, eloquent, proper, and continually self-deprecating."

## Death

She died, aged 90, following a heart attack, in 2007, survived by her two children, Ann and Peter, and a granddaughter, Diana Rostow.
# 16th Group

16th Group may refer to:
* 16th Carrier Air Group, a formation of the United Kingdom Royal Navy
* 16th Military Police Brigade (United States), a unit of the United States Army
* 16th Air Expeditionary Wing (16th Bombardment Group), a unit of the United States Air Force
* Chalocgens, 16th group of the Periodic Table
# Chhindari Dam

Chhindari Dam is a medium irrigation project built across the Pipariya River, about 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Chhuikhadan in the Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district of Chhattisgarh, India. It is the largest dam of the district and gets its name from the neighbouring village of Chhindari. The lake that the dam forms behind it is officially known as the Rani Rashmi Devi Reservoir which extends in a northsouth direction.
The construction of the dam completed in 1986 later the state government in the year placed under the handed over to the Chhuikhadan Water Resources department division for its repair and maintenance.

## Benefits

The Chhindari dam was built in hopes of benefiting the locals with better irrigation and cultivation systems. The reservoir consists of two major gates which release water of farmers demand any situation through its canals. The artificial lake is used to store water.
* Local water supply
* Distant water supply, if water is sent to cities via aqueducts
* Local source of fishing & boating
* Wildlife habitat
* Increased water pressure for those living in the valley
* Irrigation
* Flood water control

## Low utilization of developed water resources

The actual utilization as compared with the designed potential is very poor, about 61%. The reason could be the low rainfall or the low maintenance of the canal system.
# Brand New Girlfriend (song)

"Brand New Girlfriend" is a song written by Jeffrey Steele, Shane Minor and Bart Allmand, and recorded by American country music singer Steve Holy. It was released in January 2006 as the first single and title track from the album Brand New Girlfriend.

## Background

In an interview with CMT, Holy said that he personally connected with the song the first time that he heard it, stating that "I won't say it was my life story, but it had all my sarcasm. It was almost as if this song was written for me." Holy also indicated that he believed before he recorded the song that it would later gain significant popularity.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Eric Welch and premiered in late July 2006.

## Cover versions

Zach Seabaugh covered the song on The Voice (U.S. season 9) during the Live Playoffs round.

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 40 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2006) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 12 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Unbehaun

Unbehaun is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Albert Unbehaun (1851–1924), Australian electrical engineer
* Luca Unbehaun (born 2001), German footballer
# Barnham Rider

Sir Barnham Rider (c. 1683 – 21 November 1728), of Boughton Monchelsea Place, Kent, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1716 to 1727.
Rider was the son of Thomas Rider of Covent Garden and his wife Philadelphia Barnham, youngest daughter of Sir Robert Barnham, 1st Baronet of Boughton Monchelsea Place, Kent. His mother brought Boughton Monchelsea Place into the family. He was admitted at the Middle Temple in 1697 and matriculated at St John's College, Oxford on 16 November 1703, aged 20. In 1704, he succeeded to the estates of his father. He was knighted on 20 October 1714. He married Susan Littleton, the daughter of Vice-Admiral James Littleton of North Ockendon, Essex on around 29 November 1717.
Rider was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidstone, Kent at a contested by-election on 30 June 1716. He voted generally with the Administration, although he opposed the Peerage Bill. He lost his seat at the 1722 general election but was re-elected for Maidstone at a by-election on 1 June 1723. He lost his seat again at the 1727 general election. He petitioned but died before his petition was dealt with.
Rider died on 21 November 1728 leaving two sons and two daughters. He was succeeded by his son, Sir Thomas Rider.
# Elmsall

Elmsall may refer to:

## Places

* North Elmsall, a village and civil parish in West Yorkshire, England
* South Elmsall, a small town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, England
** Moorhouse and South Elmsall Halt railway station (former)
** South Elmsall bus station
** South Elmsall railway station

## People

* William Elmsall (fl. 1386-1399), English politician
# Advertising elasticity of demand

Advertising elasticity of demand (or simply advertising elasticity, often shortened to AED) is an elasticity measuring the effect of an increase or decrease in advertising on a market. Traditionally, it is considered as being positively related, demand for the good that is subject of the advertising campaign can be inversely related to the amount spent if the advertising is negative.

## Definition

Good advertising will result in a positive shift in demand for a good. AED is used to measure the effectiveness of this strategy in increasing demand versus its cost. Mathematically, then, AED measures the percentage change in the quantity of a good demanded induced by a given percentage often change in spending on advertising in that sector:
    $AED={\frac {\%\ {\mbox{change in quantity demanded}}}{\%\ {\mbox{change in spending on advertising}}}}={\frac {\Delta Q_{d}/Q_{d}}{\Delta A/A}}$
In other words, the percentage by which sales will increase after a 1% increase in advertising expenditure, assuming all other factors remain equal (ceteris paribus). AED is usually positive. Negative advertising may, however, result in a negative AED.

## Applications

AED can be used to make sure advertising expenses are in line. Consequently, an increase in demand might not be the only desired outcome of advertising. The rule of thumb combines the AED with a known price elasticity of demand (PED) for the same good. The optimal relationship is denoted by:
    ${\frac {\mbox{Advertising expenditure}}{\mbox{Sales revenue}}}=-{\frac {AED}{PED}}{\mbox{ or, symbolically, }}{\frac {A}{P.Q}}=-{\frac {E_{A}}{E_{P}}}$
Thus, "to maximize profit, the firm's advertising to sales ratio should be equal to minus the ratio of the advertising and price elasticities of demand." As noted by Pindyck and Rubinfeld, firms should advertise heavily if their AED is high (they get a lot of bang for their advertising buck) or if their PED is low (since for every added sale there is significant profit).
Moreover, a comparison of PED and AED can also be used to determine whether more advertising is the correct strategy to maximise profits (e.g. for Heinz in the market for baked beans), or changing prices (as with supermarket own brands).

## Examples

The following are for industry-wide AEDs, researched in the United States:
* Beer: 0.0
* Wine: 0.08
* Cigarettes: 0.04
* Recreation: 0.08
# Advertising inventory

Advertising inventory or media inventory is the space available in the media, advertising, and marketing industries to advertisers on newspapers, magazines, and digital platforms.

## History

Traditionally advertising inventory was sold during upfront events in the third week of May. However, advertising space is increasingly being transacted algorithmically, such as with real-time bidding.

## Categories

Media space is typically broken down into four categories, which can be purchased through a variety of sales channels.
* Premium guaranteed
* Audience targeted
* Remnant
* Sponsorships
# Emily Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury

Emily Caroline Catherine Frances Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury (6 November 1810 – 15 October 1872), formerly Lady Emily Cowper, was the wife of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, and the mother of the 8th earl.
The daughter of Peter Clavering-Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper, and his wife Emily, Lady Emily was familiarly known as "Minny". It was widely believed that her natural father was Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, whom her mother married in 1839, following Earl Cowper's death.
Emily was the second child of the Cowpers, after her brother, George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper. Her younger brothers were William Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple, and The Honorable Charles Cowper. Emily's younger sister, Francess, became a viscountess.
She married Shaftesbury, then known as Lord Ashley and the heir of Cropley Ashley-Cooper, 6th Earl of Shaftesbury, on 10 June 1830. They had ten children:
* Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 8th Earl of Shaftesbury (1831–1886), who married Lady Harriet Chichester, daughter of George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall, and had children.
* Hon. (Anthony) Francis Henry Ashley-Cooper (1833–1849)
* Hon. (Anthony) Maurice William Ashley-Cooper, third son (1835–1855)
* Rt. Hon. Evelyn Melbourne Ashley (1836–1907), who was married twice: first, to Sybella Charlotte Farquhar, daughter of Sir Walter Rockcliffe Farquhar, 3rd Bt., and second, to Lady Alice Elizabeth Cole, daughter of William Willoughby Cole, 3rd Earl of Enniskillen; there was one child from the first marriage
* Lady Victoria Elizabeth Ashley, later Lady Templemore (1837–1927), who married Harry Chichester, 2nd Baron Templemore and had children.
* Hon (Anthony) Lionel George Ashley-Cooper (1838–1914), who married Frances Elizabeth Leigh and had no children.
* Lady Mary Charlotte Ashley-Cooper (1842–1861)
* Lady Constance Emily Ashley-Cooper, known as "Conty" (1845–1872)
* Lady Edith Florence Ashley-Cooper (1847–1913)
* Hon. (Anthony) Cecil Ashley-Cooper (1849–1932)
In 1851, Ashley-Cooper succeeded to the earldom of Shaftesbury, at which point his wife became countess. Several of the couple's children suffered ill-health, and the news that Lady Constance's life depended on her going abroad for the winter, as well as the illness of her youngest son, Cecil, caused the countess to fall ill also.
The countess died at the couple's town house in Grosvenor Square, London, aged 61. Her husband described her as "my earthly mainstay", and as a "wonderful combination of truth, simplicity, joyousness of heart and purity of spirit". Lady Constance died two months later in London.
# Emma Edwards

Emma Jane Edwards (born 26 September 1971) is a British born, Falkland Islands teacher and politician, who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Stanley constituency from her election in 2009 until she resigned in 2011. She is the eldest daughter of another MLA, Roger Edwards.
Edwards was born in Portsmouth, England to Norma (a Falkland Islander) and Roger Edwards. She first went to the Falklands at the age of two when her father was stationed aboard HMS Endurance. Edwards was educated in Stanley, but in 1988 she moved to Winchester to undertake A-Levels and in 1995 she graduated from Queen's University Belfast with a degree in Geology.
After working for some years as a junior geologist for the Falkland Islands Government, Edwards went to Aberdeen University in 1998 where she gained a master's degree in Petroleum Geology. She then worked for the Falkland Islands Development Corporation and Cable & Wireless before returning to the UK in 2004 where she went to the University of Exeter to retrain as a school teacher.
In November 2009 she was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Stanley, and in June 2010 she represented the Falklands at the annual meeting of the UN Special Committee on Decolonisation in New York City.
Edwards is a reserve Police Constable in the Royal Falkland Islands Police and her portfolios as an MLA included Tourism, Minerals, Housing and Environment and Heritage. She announced her resignation from the Legislative Assembly in 2011, following her decision to marry Mark Brook. Her seat was filled in a by-election on 15 December 2011, won by Barry Elsby.