OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xanthoparmelia conspersa

Xanthoparmelia conspersa, commonly known as the peppered rock-shield, is a foliose lichen and the type species of genus Xanthoparmelia. It is widely distributed in temperate zones, and has been recorded from Japan, Europe, Africa, North America, and South America.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first described with the name Lichen conspersus in 1799 by lichenologist Erik Acharius. In its taxonomic history, it has been transferred to the genera Imbricaria, Lobaria, and Parmelia. It became known as a species of Xanthoparmelia when Mason Hale promoted that subgenus of Parmelia to generic status in 1974.
It is commonly known as the "peppered rock-shield".

## Description

Xanthoparmelia conspersa has a thallus that is either tightly or loosely attached to its substrate. The thallus, which measures 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in), is made of narrow lobes that are 1–3 mm wide, which are crowded and usually overlapping. The thallus upper surface often features isidia that range in shape from spherical to branched cylinders. The lower surface of the thallus is black, except for near the lobe tips, where it may be pale to dark brown. Rhizines are coarse, black, and simple (i.e., unbranched), with a length of 0.5–1 mm. Ascospores are 5–6 by 9–10 μm.
Some secondary metabolites found in Xanthoparmelia conspersa include usnic acid, hyposalazinic acid, stictic and norstictic acid.

## Habitat and distribution

Xanthoparmelia conspersa grows on rocks (on siliceous rocks, particularly granite), and is typically found in sunny habitats. It has been recorded from Asia (Japan), Europe, Africa, North America, and South America.
# Xiá Prefecture

Xiázhou or Xiá Prefecture (written as 硤州 before the 10th century, and 峽州 thereafter) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Yichang, Hubei, China. It existed (intermittently) from the 6th century to 1376.

## Geography

The administrative region of Xiá Prefecture in the Tang dynasty is under the administration of modern Yichang, Hubei. It probably includes parts of modern:
* Yichang
* Yidu
* Changyang Tujia Autonomous County
* Yuan'an County
# Eupithecia versiplaga

Eupithecia versiplaga is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.
The forewings are chalk-white and the markings are black. The hindwings are dull grey, with traces of darker cross-lines.
# College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences may refer to:
* an academic division or unit of a larger university; sometimes called College of Arts and Sciences
* a stand-alone college offering liberal arts and sciences studies such as in a Liberal arts college
# Fatal Ignorance

Fatal Ignorance is an EP by Sphere Lazza, released in 1993 by Majestic Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tony Spaz and David Trousdale

## Personnel

Adapted from the Fatal Ignorance liner notes.
Sphere Lazza
* Tony Spaz – instruments
* David Trousdale – vocals, instruments

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1993 | Majestic | CS | MR-9302 0136 |
# Botswana Saving Bank Employees' Union

The Botswana Saving Bank Employees' Union (BSEU) is a trade union affiliate of the Botswana Federation of Trade Unions in Botswana.
# Amelanchier × grandiflora

Amelanchier × grandiflora, the serviceberry, is a small deciduous flowering tree or large shrub, a hybrid of garden origin between A. arborea and A. laevis, in the family Rosaceae. It produces white flowers and small red to purple edible fruits.
The Latin specific epithet grandiflora means "large-flowered".
Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which 'Princess Diana' and 'Robin Hill' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
* Flowers
* Autumn leaves
* Bark
Media related to Amelanchier × grandiflora at Wikimedia Commons
# Castets (grape)

Castets is a red French wine grape variety that was historically grown in the Aveyron region of France. While some plantings exist in Southwest France, the variety's numbers are dwindling and is now nearly extinct. Since 2021, Castets is one of six new grape varieties that have been approved in Bordeaux in order to be prepared for the effects of climate change on viticulture. Winegrowers in Bordeaux are allowed to plant up to five percent of the cultivated area (5500 hectares) with the new grape varieties
In Slovakia, Castets was crossed with Abouriou to create several varieties including Hron, Nitranka, Rimava and Váh.

## Synonyms

Various synonyms have been used to describe Castets and its wines, including Engrunat, Gros Verdau, Gros Machouquet, Machoupet, Matioupet, Maturana tinta (in Rioja) and Nicouleau.
# Cragie tube

The Cragie tube or Craigie tube is a method used in microbiology for determining bacterial motility.

## Technique

A hollow tube with some culture medium is placed in semi-solid agar inside a bottle. A sample of the bacterium to be tested is inoculated into the medium in the hollow tube and the setup is incubated at 37 °C overnight.

## Observation

On examining the areas where bacterial growth has occurred there are several observations to be made:
* the colonies of the non-motile bacteria remain confined within the tube at the site of inoculation
* the motile bacteria swim out from the bottom of the tube and colonize the surrounding medium as well
Confirmation may be obtained by subculture and retesting.
# Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences

Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, established in 1885 as Morris college, is one of the oldest general degree colleges in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. It takes its name from the former Chief Minister of Maharashtra, the late Vasantrao Naik, who was an alumnus of the college. It is affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University.

## History

Although Nagpur was capital of Central Provinces, there was no college there in 1882, when, under the leadership of Sir Bipin Krishna Bose, Mukund Balkrishna Buti, Madhao Rao Gangadhar Chitanavis and others, the Committee of the Neill City High School of Nagpur took the initiative, and collected the sum of Rs 19,000 and started a college at Nagpur in memory of Sir John Morris. Later they formed The Nagpur Morris College Association, and they approached the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces to established a college, which was eventually established in June 1885.
VNGIASS was affiliated to Calcutta University until 1904, and later to Allahabad University. In 1923 it was one of six colleges affiliated to Nagpur University
After hundred years of existence, the college was renamed as Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, by Chief Minister Sudhakarrao Naik, in 1985. This was in honour of Shri Vasantrao Naik, his uncle, who served the longest tenure as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Church of England Men's Society

The Church of England Men's Society was founded in 1899 by Archbishop Frederick Temple to bring men together to socialise in a Christian environment.
It began by amalgamating the Church of England's Young Men's Society, the Young Men's Friendly Society, and the Men's Help Society into one organisation. In the first years of the 20th century Cosmo Gordon Lang became its first Chairman. It has often taken a strong viewpoint on such national issues as the force feeding of suffragettes.
# Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics

Bosnia and Herzegovina competed at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. The Bosnia and Herzegovina team consisted of 4 athletes in 3 sports. It did not win any medals.

## Alpine skiing

Bosnia and Herzegovina qualified one boy and one girl.

### Boy

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Total | Rank |
| Marko Sljivic | Slalom | 47.38 | DNF | DNF | DNF |
| Marko Sljivic | Giant slalom | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF |

### Girl

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Total | Rank |
| Nada Zvizdic | Slalom | 51.33 | 44.09 | 1:35.42 | 20 |
| Nada Zvizdic | Giant slalom | 1:06.88 | 1:07.66 | 2:14.54 | 31 |

## Cross country skiing

Bosnia and Herzegovina qualified one boy.

### Boy

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Goran Kosarac | 10km classical | 35:49.1 | 39 |

### Sprint

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Total | Rank | Total | Rank | Total | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Goran Kosarac | Boys' sprint | 1:56.05 | 38 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Luge

Bosnia and Herzegovina qualified one boy.

### Boy

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Total | Rank |
| Kerim Catal | Boys' Singles | 41.354 | 41.279 | 1:22.633 | 24 |
# Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

Bosnia and Herzegovina sent a delegation to compete at the 2010 Winter Paralympics, in Vancouver. It fielded a single athlete, in alpine skiing.
Although Bosnia and Herzegovina had been taking part in the Summer Paralympics since 1996, this was the country's first participation in the Winter Paralympic Games.

## Alpine skiing

The following athlete was Bosnia and Herzegovina's sole representative in alpine skiing:
| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Total Time | Rank |
| Nijaz Memic | Slalom standing | 1:29.23 | 1:26.81 | 2:56.04 | 39 |
| Nijaz Memic | Giant slalom standing | 1:48.37 | 1:54.68 | 3:43.05 | 39 |
# Bourne SSSI, Avon

Bourne SSSI, Avon (grid reference ST484600) is an 8.47 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the village of Burrington, North Somerset, notified in 1992.
This site is of considerable importance because it has provided detailed information upon the composition of a north Mendip Pleistocene alluvial fan. An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain.
At Bourne sections have shown highly weathered gravels overlain by sandy silts and clay loams, the highest levels in the sequence showing evidence of cryoturbation. Two phases of fan sediment deposition were separated by a long period of subaerial weathering, which may represent an interglacial period.
# Bourne United Charities

Bourne United Charities is registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales. Its purpose is the joint administration of several legacies dedicated for the relief of poverty, the provision of housing and accommodation and environmental, conservation or heritage objectives in the Parish of Bourne. The nine principal endowments are:
* John Brown
* William Fisher for Almshouses
* William Fisher for Bread
* Robert Harrington
* Jeremiah Ives
* North Fen Poor's Land
* South Fen Poor's Land
* Nicholas Rand
* William Trollope

## Principal Assets

Bourne United Charities owns Abbey Lawn, a recreation ground in the centre of Bourne, along with the Wellhead Park, which is a public park. The Charities own and administer almshouses in West Street in the town. It also owns a number of investment properties in the town and elsewhere, principally in Leytonstone in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. In Bourne, their principal property is the Red Hall, where they have their office, and they also own Baldock's Mill, home of the Bourne Civic Society.

## Activities

Bourne United Charities is administered by fifteen Trustees and a clerk, five of the trustees being nominated by the Town Council.
BUC manage the 12 almshouses they built in West Road, and a plot of 13 gardening allotments at the corner of Meadow Drove and Spalding Road. They own and manage the Wellhead park and the Abbey Lawn sports field in the centre of town.
Bourne United Charities own the Wellhead Cottage, and several other restored buildings that are used by community organisations. These include the Shippon Barn on the edge of the Wellhead Gardens, used by the Scouts and the Guides, and the early 19th century Baldock's Mill in South Street that is now operated as a museum by the Civic Society.
# Bourdotia

Bourdotia may refer to:
* Bourdotia (bivalve), a genus of bivalves in the family Lucinidae
* Bourdotia (fungus), a genus of fungi
# Bourdous

The Bourdous is a short mountain river that flows through the Alpes-Maritimes department of southeastern France. It is 7.3 km (4.5 mi) long. Its source is in the Maritime Alps, and it flows into the river Var in Entraunes.
# Bowling Green Plateau

Bowling Green Plateau (79°42′S 158°36′E﻿ / ﻿79.700°S 158.600°E﻿ / -79.700; 158.600) is a small but prominent ice-covered plateau at the north side of the Brown Hills in the Cook Mountains in Antarctica. It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1962–63); Professor Charles C. Rich, geologist and deputy leader of the VUWAE, was affiliated with Bowling Green State University of Ohio. It is associated with the Bowling Green Col.
# Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's welterweight

The men's welterweight competition of the boxing events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was held between the 19 and 25 of July at the Oshawa Sports Centre. The defending champion is Carlos Banteux of Cuba. Welterweights is limited to those boxers weighing less than or equal to 69 kilograms.
Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of a 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used in the pro game, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount, and the elimination of the padded headgear. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

## Qualification

A total of ten boxers qualified to compete.

## Results
### Bracket

| Preliminaries July 19, 2015 | Preliminaries July 19, 2015 | Preliminaries July 19, 2015 | Quarterfinals July 21, 2015 | Quarterfinals July 21, 2015 | Quarterfinals July 21, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 |
| | | | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | 3 | | | | | | |
| Sasan Hagnighat-joo (CAN) | Sasan Hagnighat-joo (CAN) | 1 | Roberto de Queiroz (BRA) | Roberto de Queiroz (BRA) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Roberto de Queiroz (BRA) | Roberto de Queiroz (BRA) | 2 | | | | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | 3 | | | |
| | | | | | | Juan Ramón Solano (DOM) | Juan Ramón Solano (DOM) | 0 | | | |
| | | | Lester Silva (NCA) | Lester Silva (NCA) | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | Juan Ramón Solano (DOM) | Juan Ramón Solano (DOM) | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | Gabriel Maestre (VEN) | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | 1 |
| | | | Carl Hield (BAH) | Carl Hield (BAH) | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | Alberto Palmetta (ARG) | Alberto Palmetta (ARG) | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Alberto Palmetta (ARG) | Alberto Palmetta (ARG) | 0 | | | |
| Marvin Cabrera (MEX) | Marvin Cabrera (MEX) | 3 | | | | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | 3 | | | |
| Brian Ceballo (USA) | Brian Ceballo (USA) | 0 | Marvin Cabrera (MEX) | Marvin Cabrera (MEX) | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | Roniel Iglesias (CUB) | 3 | | | | | | |
# Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's super heavyweight

The super heavyweight competition of the boxing events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was held between the 19 and 25 of July at the Oshawa Sports Centre. The defending champion is Italo Perea of Ecuador. Super heavyweights is limited to those boxers weighing greater than 91 kilograms.
Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of a 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used in the pro game, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount, and the elimination of the padded headgear. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

## Qualification

A total of eight boxers qualified to compete.

## Results
### Bracket

| Quarterfinals July 19, 2015 | Quarterfinals July 19, 2015 | Quarterfinals July 19, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Semifinals July 23, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 | Finals July 25, 2015 |
| Lenier Pero (CUB) | Lenier Pero (CUB) | 3 | | | | | | |
| Kieshno Major (BAH) | Kieshno Major (BAH) | 0 | Lenier Pero (CUB) | Lenier Pero (CUB) | 2 | | | |
| Cam Awesome (USA) | Cam Awesome (USA) | 2 | Cam Awesome (USA) | Cam Awesome (USA) | 1 | | | |
| Simon Kean (CAN) | Simon Kean (CAN) | 1 | | | | Lenier Pero (CUB) | Lenier Pero (CUB) | 2 |
| Rafael Lima (BRA) | Rafael Lima (BRA) | 2 | | | | Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | 1 |
| Clayton Laurent (ISV) | Clayton Laurent (ISV) | 1 | Rafael Lima (BRA) | Rafael Lima (BRA) | 1 | | | |
| Édgar Ramírez (MEX) | Édgar Ramírez (MEX) | 0 | Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | 2 | | | |
| Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | Edgar Muñoz (VEN) | 3 | | | | | | |
# Boston, KwaZulu-Natal

Boston is a small town situated in the uMkhomazi and Elands River valley of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
* This KwaZulu-Natal location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Brad Kilby

Brad Thomas Kilby (born February 19, 1983) is a left-handed former Major League Baseball pitcher. Kilby was selected by the Athletics in the twenty ninth round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft. He is 6'1" and he weighs 235 pounds.

## Minor League career

Brad Kilby attended Laguna Creek High School in Elk Grove, California taking the Laguna Creek Cardinals to several high school baseball playoffs. He spent his college baseball career at San Jose State University. Kilby began his minor league career in 2005 with the Vancouver Canadians, pitching 1.95 ERA in 23 games. He spent the next season with the Kane County Cougars, pitching 1.63 ERA in 49 games. In 2007, he played for the Stockton Ports and Midland RockHounds, pitching a combined 2.92 ERA in 54 games.
In 2008, he played for the Sacramento River Cats, pitching 3.47 ERA with seven wins and two losses in 51 games. In 2009, he played for the River Cats, pitching 2.13 ERA in 45 games before was called up by the Oakland A's.

## Major League career

Kilby made his major league debut on September 2, 2009, against the Kansas City Royals. In his first game, he pitched two innings, gave up a hit and had two strikeouts.
On October 4, 2009, Brad made his first MLB start, allowing a walk and striking out one, while not allowing a hit over two innings. This proved to be Brad's only MLB start, ending up as the only player in MLB history to not allow a hit in their only career start.
He retired in September 2012 due to injuries to his pitching shoulder. His career ERA of 1.07 is the lowest in major league history, given a minimum of 25 innings.
# Brackman

Brackman or Brackmann is a surname which may refer to:

## People

* Albert Brackmann (1871–1952), German historian
* Andrew Brackman (born 1985), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Arnold Brackman (1923–1983), American journalist and author
* Barbara Brackman, American quilter and quilt historian
* Constance Brackman (born 2001), Belgian footballer
* Jacob Brackman (born 1943), American journalist, writer, and musical lyricist
* Norbert Brackmann (born 1954), German politician
* Oskar Brackmann [de] (1841–1927), Baltic-German politician
* Robert Brackman (1898–1980), German-American artist

## Fictional characters

* Douglas Brackman Jr., a main character in L.A. Law, also his wife Sheila
* Gustaf Brackman, a scientist and political leader in the video game Supreme Commander and its sequels
* Ivan Brackman, a clone of the above in Supreme Commander 2
# Brachymeles tridactylus

Brachymeles tridactylus, the three-fingered short-legged skink, is a species of skink endemic to the Philippines.
# Branko Kovačević (basketball)

Branko Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Ковачевић; born 15 March 1951) is a retired Yugoslav professional basketball player.

## Playing career

Kovačević started his career in Valjevo, playing for a struggling Second Division side Metalac. He became a key player for Metalac, guiding them to promotion in First Federal Basketball League in 1973. With Kovačević as their best player and one of the best scorers in the entire First Division, Metalac spent memorable years in the top flight. His brother Zoran played in the same time at that time. Over five seasons with Metalac, Kovačević averaged 25 points per game.
In 1979, Kovačević signed for Crvena zvezda. He helped his team to reach the 1984 Korać Cup final, after scoring 34 points in the semi-final first leg against Zaragoza.
After five years in the Zvezda, Kovačević signed for Smelt Olimpija. Once again, Kovačević managed to help his team gain promotion from First B Federal Basketball League.

## National team career

Kovačević was a member of the Yugoslavia national junior team at the 1970 FIBA Europe Championship for Juniors. Over five tournament games, he averaged 3.4 points per game.

## Post-playing career

Kovačević was a sporting director for Crvena zvezda during late 1990s and through 2000s. Also, he was a secretary general of the Belgrade Sports Association, board member of the Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro, and deputy secretary general of the Crvena Zvezda Sports Society.
# Branko Krga

Branko Krga (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Крга; born 18 February 1945) is a retired Serbian military officer, who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro from 24 June 2002 to 23 December 2004.
# Brand engagement

Brand engagement is the process of forming an emotional or rational attachment between a consumer and a brand. It comprises one aspect of brand management. Brand engagement impacts brand attachment and positively influence on customer purchase intentions. Brands can form these attachments through different strategies that will promote their brand and overall customer satisfaction.
An example of measuring brand engagement is the service-profit chain, a statistical model that tracks increases in employee “engagement drivers” to correlated increases in customer satisfaction and loyalty, and then correlates this to increases in total shareholder return (TSR), revenue and other financial performance measures.
The social media phenomenon presents emerging evidence that this quest for connectivity is rapidly becoming a core focus of communication technology within organizations. This potentially creates a disconnect with more traditional content-driven models of internal communication—delivering (or making easily available) the right content at the right time to the right people using the right media.
Therefore, there could be a great deal of potential within organisations, using their existing technologies, to derive cultural and performance benefits from re-thinking how they communicate, make decisions and work virtually.
Social Media has played a major part in how people communicate and consume content across the world. Brands can use these social media platforms as ways to directly engage with their consumers. These platforms allow for these brands to be innovative and creative in the promotion of their brand by using the many different creative functions that social media has.