OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 11885 Summanus

11885 Summanus (prov. designation: 1990 SS) is a dark asteroid and large near-Earth object of the Apollo group. It was discovered by astronomers with the Spacewatch programm at Kitt Peak Observatory on 25 September 1990. The object has a rotation period of 7.3 hours and measures approximately 1.3 kilometers (0.8 miles) in diameter. It was named after Summanus, the Roman deity of nocturnal lightning and thunder.

## Discovery and naming

Summanus was discovered on 25 September 1990, by Spacewatch survey at the Kitt Peak Observatory, southwest of Tucson, Arizona, United States. It was the first fully automatic discovery of a near-Earth asteroid. The name Summanus is symbolic of the discovery of the asteroid by software running on a (lightning-fast) computer.

## Orbit

The orbit is well-established with over 20 years of observations. Summanus orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 0.9–2.5 AU once every 2 years and 3 months (812 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.47 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic.
The closest approach to the Earth in the years 1900–2200 is 0.102 AU (15,300,000 km; 9,500,000 mi) on 17 March 1991, and 17 March 2011. For comparison, the distance to the Moon is about 0.0026 AU (390,000 km; 240,000 mi).
# 1-Dodecene

1-Dodecene is an alkene with the formula C$_{10}$H$_{21}$CH=CH$_2$, consisting of a chain of twelve carbon atoms ending with a double bond. While there are many isomers of dodecene depending on which carbon the double bond is placed, this isomer is of greater commercial importance. It is classified as an alpha-olefin. Alpha-olefins are distinguished by having a double bond at the primary or alpha (α) position. This location of a double bond enhances the reactivity of the compound and makes it useful for a number of applications, especially for the production of detergents.

## Production and reactions

1-Dodecene is commercially produced by oligomerization of ethylene via a number of processes. In the Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP), a nickel catalyst is employed. In processes developed by Gulf and by Ethyl Corporations, triethylaluminium is the catalyst. Similar to the SHOP method, these processes rely on ethylene insertion into an Al-alkyl bond competitively with beta-hydride elimination to give the alpha-olefin, regenerating an aluminium hydride. Other processes have been developed.
# 1-Ethynylcyclohexanol

1-Ethynylcyclohexanol (ECX) is an alkynyl alcohol derivative which is both a synthetic precursor to, and an active metabolite of the tranquilizer ethinamate, and has similar sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects. It has been sold as a designer drug, first being identified in the UK in March 2012.

## Preparation

1-Ethynylcyclohexanol can be prepared from cyclohexanone by the reacting it with sodium acetylide in liquid ammonia, followed by an acidic work-up.
# 106th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), CEF

The 106th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Truro, Nova Scotia, with two additional companies in Pictou and Springhill, the unit began recruiting on 18 November 1915. The battalion was the first rifle regiment in Maritime Canada. The battalion sailed to England on 16 July 1916 and trained at Lower Dibgate, Shorncliffe. It was later broken up and most members were absorbed into the 40th Battalion (Nova Scotia), CEF.
Its first commanding officer was Walter Allen, a carriage maker in Truro who had been active in the pre-war militia and had joined the 17th Battalion as a captain in 1914. When the 17th became a reserve unit, he was promoted to major and transferred into the 15th Battalion but lasted less than a month before being wounded. He was sent home, then was appointed commanding officer of the 106th, presumably on the basis of his brief battlefield experience. His unusual wound was under investigation, however, and two months later he was court-martialled for "behaving in a scandalous manner, unbecoming the character of an officer and a gentleman." His improbable replacement was Lieutenant Colonel Robert Innes, a twenty-four-year-old Major who served with the 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards) from Coldbrook, Nova Scotia, then living in Ottawa, who had militia experience but also, it would appear, Conservative party connections.
Private Jeremiah Jones, who enlisted with the 106th Battalion, was awarded the Canadian Forces Medallion for Distinguished Service for valour at the Battle of Vimy Ridge with The Royal Canadian Regiment.
The 106th Battalion is perpetuated by The Nova Scotia Highlanders.
# 106th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 106th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War. It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and assigned to the 35th Division. The brigade served on the Western Front.

## History

The infantry was originally composed of Bantams, that is soldiers who would otherwise be excluded from service due to their short stature. This became a regular infantry Brigade with the end of the Bantam experiment at the end of 1916, after it was noted that bantam replacements were not up to the physical standards of the original recruits.
The brigade was disbanded in April 1919 at Ripon, the brigade was not reformed in the Second World War.

## Order of Battle

The composition of the brigade was as follows:
* 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Scots (Rosebery)
* 17th (Service) Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment (2nd Leeds) (left November 1917)
* 19th (Service) Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (2nd County) (left February 1918)
* 18th (Service) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry (4th Glasgow) (disbanded February 1918)
* 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment (joined November 1917, left, to 105th Brigade, February 1918)
* 12th (Service) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry (joined February 1918)
* 106th Machine Gun Company (joined April 1916, left for division MG battalion February 1918)
* 106th Trench Mortar Battery (joined April 1916)

## Commanders

* Brig-Gen H. O'Donnell to 13 May 1916
* Brig-Gen J. H. W. Pollard C.B., C.M.G. from 13 May 1916, to March 1919
# 1104 in Italy

Events during the year 1104 in Italy.

## Events

* Venetian Arsenal founded.

## Sources

* ↑ Giove, Silvio; Rosato, Paolo; Breil, Margaretha (October 2008). "A Multicriteria Approach for the Evaluation of the Sustainability of Re-use of Historic Buildings in Venice" (PDF). Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Retrieved 12 May 2016. Founded in 1104, in its heyday the Arsenale employed roughly 20,000 workers and was said to produce one ship a day.
* This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This year in Europe article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 1105 in Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1105 in Ireland.

## Incumbents

* High King of Ireland: Domnall Ua Lochlainn

## Events

* Cellach Ua Sinaig inherits the position of Abbot of Armagh (the seventh in a series of members of the Ua Sinaig family, who had held the position without taking holy orders, and several of whom had been married).

## Deaths

* Muirgheas Ua Cú Ceannainn, King of Uí Díarmata.
# 13 (Marta Savić album)

13 is the thirteenth studio album by Bosnian Serb turbo folk recording artist Marta Savić. It was released 24 October 2011 through the record label K::CN Records.

## Singles

"Na istoj sam adresi" was the album's lead single, released 23 September 2010. The second single was "Ja nisam tavka", released 20 August 2011.
"Idiot", the album's third single, was released 15 September 2011 along with the music video. The video was removed from YouTube for its graphic sex scenes and a censored version was re-uploaded in its place.
The fourth single was "Mama" featuring Azis and Mirko Gavrić. The music video for "Mama" was filmed 18 September 2011 for €12,000. It premiered 5 December 2011.

## Personnel
### Instruments

* Lejla Hot – backing vocals
* Mirko Gavrić – backing vocals
* Aleksandar Ilić Prke – drums
* Petar Trumbetaš – guitar, bouzouki
* Kalin Georgiev – kaval, fife
* Marko Tropico – keyboards

### Production and recording

* Miraco Music – producing, mixing, mastering

### Crew

* Petar Peđa Božić – hair
* Valerija Milovanović – make-up
* Mirko Gavrić – photography
# 1535 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Events

* Baptista Mantuanus' Eclogues prescribed for schoolboys studying Latin poetry in Braunschweig; at the same time, the work is used in schools in Nördlingen, Memmingen and Emmerich

## Works published

* Anonymous, The Ploughman's tale, publication year uncertain; likely composed in the 15th century; misattributed to Chaucier in Thynne's edition of his works 1532
* Niccolò Carmignano, Operette del Parthenopeo Suavio, first book printed in Bari
* Gavin Douglas, The Palice of Honour, publication year uncertain; written about 1501; an allegory presented as a vision
* Jacopo Sannazaro, an Italian writing here in Latin:
** almost 150 epigrams; published posthumously (died 1530)
** Elegies in three books, imitating Propertius and Tibullus
* Maurice Scève, a translation into French of the sequel by Juan de Flores to Boccaccio's Fiammetta
* Marco Girolamo Vida, Christiados libri sex ("The Christiad in Six Books"), a Latin epic poem begun by Vida, an Italian bishop, in the 1510s but not completed until the early 1530s

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* February 16 – Nicolas Rapin (died 1608), French magistrate, royal officer, translator, poet and satirist
* Also:
** Cyprian Bazylik (died 1600), Polish composer, poet, printer, and writer
** Martín del Barco Centenera (died c. 1602) Spanish cleric, explorer, author and poet
** Simwnt Fychan (died 1606), Welsh language poet and genealogist
** George Gascoigne (died 1577), English poet
** Arthur Golding (died 1606), English translator of prose and poetry; nothing known of him after this year
** Govindadasa (died 1613), Bengali Vaishnava poet known for his body of devotional songs addressed to Krishna
** Jasper Heywood (died 1598), English poet and translator
** Riccardo Luisini (died 1617), Italian, Latin-language poet
** Martin Rakovský (died 1579), Slovak
** Gioanni Hercolani de' Sarti, fl. at this time, Italian, Latin-language poet

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* May 26 – Francesco Berni, (born 1497), Italian writer and poet
* August 27 – Lope de Vega died (born 1462), Spain
* September 25 – Johannes Secundus (born 1511), Dutch, Latin-language poet
* Also:
** Girolamo Angeriano, also known as "Hieronymus Angerianus" born sometime between about 1470 and about 1490, Italian, Latin-language poet; sources differ on his birth year, with some stating 1470, others giving c. 1480 and another c. 1490
** Hieronymus Balbus, also called "Girolamo Balbi" and "Accellini", death year uncertain (born c. 1450), Italian Renaissance humanist, poet, diplomat, and bishop
** Pedro Manuel Jiménez de Urrea, (born 1486), Spanish Renaissance poet and playwright
# 1741 in science

The year 1741 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* August 29 – Pluto (not known at the time) reached perihelion (closest approach to the Sun).
* December 11 – a "Fire-ball" and explosion heard over southern England, about 11 a.m. "a countryman ... saw a flash of Lightning Before he heard the Noise ... The sound was double ... a Ball of Fire ... took its Course to the East ... over Westminster ... it divided into Two Heads [and] left a Train of Smoke ... which continued ascending for 20 minutes". The description is reminiscent of the Chelyabinsk meteor of 2013.
* Anders Celsius establishes the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory.
* Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin publishes his first paper on the moons of Jupiter, in the Acta of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala.
* Edmund Weaver publishes The British Telescope: Being an Ephemeris of the Coelestial Motions.

## Botany

* Johann Jacob Dillenius publishes Historia Muscorum, a significant work on cryptogams.

## Exploration

* May – Vitus Bering sets out from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to map the coasts of Siberia and Alaska.
* July 15 – Alexei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends some men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.

## Medicine

* Nicolas Andry publishes Orthopédie, giving a name to the discipline of orthopedics.

## Metrology

* December 25 – Anders Celsius proposes a centigrade temperature scale.

## Zoology

* July 20 – Georg Wilhelm Steller, physician on Bering’s Second Kamchatka Expedition, becomes the first European naturalist to set foot on Alaskan soil (Kayak Island), identifying many species for the first time, including Steller's jay. On the return voyage he discovers Steller's sea cow (extinct by 1768).

## Awards

* Copley Medal: John Theophilus Desaguliers

## Births

* January 20 – Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Swedish naturalist (died 1783)
* March 17 – William Withering, English botanist, geologist, chemist and physician who discovered digitalis (died 1799)
* September 22 – Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (died 1811)
* probable date – Bryan Higgins, Irish-born chemist (died 1818)

## Deaths

* May 16 – Jacob Christoph Le Blon, German inventor of four-colour printing (born 1667)
* December 19 – Vitus Bering, Danish-born Russian explorer (born 1681) (on Bering Island)
# 1570 in Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1570 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Elizabeth I

## Events

* January – William Oge Martyn is kidnapped by the Earl of Thomond.
* April – Battle of Shrule occurs.
* October 10 – Sir Edmund Butler of Cloughgrenan surrenders his estate to Elizabeth I of England in exchange for a pardon for his rebellion.

## Births

* Col Ciotach, adventurer of Clan Donald, Laird of Colonsay (d. 1647)
* Tadhg mac Dáire Mac Bruaideadha, Gaelic poet and historian (d. 1652)
# 1570 Brunonia

1570 Brunonia, provisional designation 1948 TX, is a stony asteroid of the Koronis family from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1948, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The S-type asteroid is likely elongated and has a longer-than-average rotation period of more than 48 hours. It was named for Brown University in Rhode Island, United States.

## Orbit and classification

Brunonia is a core member of the Koronis family (605), a very large outer asteroid family with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,754 days; semi-major axis of 2.85 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle in November 1948, one month after its official discovery observation.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The 7th oldest university in the United States, Brown was chartered in 1764. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in February 1954 (M.P.C. 1040).

## Physical characteristics

In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Brunonia is a common, stony S-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type for members of the Koronis family.$^{:23}$

### Rotation period

In February 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Brunonia was obtained from photometric observations by the Kepler space telescope and its K2 mission (Uranus Field). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of at least 48 hours with a brightness amplitude of more than 0.6 magnitude (U=n.a.), indicative of an elongated, non-spherical shape.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Brunonia measures between 10.8 and 12.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.166 and 0.209. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 and a diameter of 10.8 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.
# 1570 in India

Events from the year 1570 in India.

## Events

* War of the League of the Indies begins

## Births

* Sengge Namgyal, Namgyal dynasty King of Ladakh (died 1642)
# 15th Filmfare Awards South

The 15th Filmfare Awards South Ceremony honoring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in the year 1967 was an event held in 1968.

## Awards

| Best Tamil Film | Best Telugu Film |
| Karpooram - V. T. Arasu | Chadarangam - Badeti Satyanarayana, Putla Venkata Rao |
| Best Malayalam Film |
| Agniputhri - Prem Nawaz |
# 1727 in France

Events from the year 1727 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XV

## Births

* 25 February – Armand-Louis Couperin, composer and keyboard player (d. 1789)
* 10 May – Anne Robert Turgot, statesman (d. 1781)
* 18 June – Charles-Augustin Vandermonde, physician, writer and editor (d. 1762)
* 14 August – Henriette-Anne of France (d. 1752) and Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France (d. 1759), twin daughters of King Louis XV of France

## Deaths

* 4 August – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general (b. 1647)
# 178 Bristol–Radstock

Route 178 was a bus route that operated in England between Brislington and Paulton.
The route formerly ran from Bristol to Bath. It was cut back to Radstock in 2016 and the Sunday service was withdrawn.
In December 2021, it was announced that the service would be withdrawn on 30 January 2022. However, the following month the decision was reversed and the route retained. In July 2022, it was again announced that the service would be withdrawn in October as part of wider service cuts due to decreased passenger numbers, driver shortages, and the expected withdrawal of government support for bus services. In September 2022, the West of England Combined Authority announced that the route would be retained and that it would be taken over by a new operator. However, the section between Bristol and Brislington has been withdrawn and so the northern terminus is now Brislington Park and Ride. On 2nd April 2023, a replacement bus service for the 178 was introduced. This new route is numbered 522 and runs the same route as the 178 but extending into Bath whilst not serving Paulton Tesco.
# 1863 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

The 1863 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on January 9, 1863. Incumbent Charles Sumner was re-elected to a third term in office.
At the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of each separate house of the Massachusetts General Court: the House and the Senate.

## Background

In the 1862 state legislative elections, supporters of the Lincoln administration who nonetheless opposed the emancipation of Southern slaves and Senator Sumner's re-election organized a "People's Convention," hoping to consolidate opposition and gain enough seats in the legislature to deny Sumner election. However, the legislature remained largely Republican, ensuring Sumner's victory in the January election.

## House

1863 Senate election in the House :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Sumner (incumbent) | 194 | 82.55% |
| | Democratic | Josiah G. Abbott | 38 | 16.17% |
| | Democratic | Caleb Cushing | 2 | 0.85% |
| | Republican | Charles Francis Adams | 1 | 0.43% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 235 | 100.00% |

## Senate

1863 Senate election in the Senate :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Sumner (incumbent) | 33 | 82.5% |
| | Democratic | Josiah G. Abbott | 5 | 12.5% |
| | Republican | Charles Francis Adams | 1 | 2.5% |
| | None | No vote | 1 | 2.5% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 40 | 100.00% |
The lone vote for Adams was cast by Senator Whitney of Hampden. Senator Crane of Worcester County did not vote.
# 1829 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1829 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Frederick VI
* Prime minister – Otto Joachim

## Events

* 7 June – C. F. Hansen's new Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen inaugurated after the previous building was destroyed in the British Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807.
* 19 June – Adam Oehlenschläger is publicly crowned with laurel by the Swedish poet Esaias Tegner in front of the high altar in Lund Cathedral, as the "Scandinavian King of Song.". The event cements his position as the leading proponent of Romanticism in the region and at the same time heralds the emergence the Scandinavismmovement.
* 1 October – Sparekassen for Helsingør og Omegn is established.
* 5 November – The College of Advanced Technology (DTU) is inaugurated with Hans Christian Ørsted, who had also been one of the driving forces behind its establishment, as its first principal.

### Undated
## Births
### January–March

* 18 January – Ludvig Lorenz, mathematician and physicist (died 1891)
* 7 February – Theobald Stein, sculptor (died 1901)
* 19 March – Carl Frederik Tietgen, financier, businessman (died 1901)

### July–September

* 28 July – Peter Nielsen, botanist (died 1897)
* 22 August — Carl Baagøe, painter (died 1902)

### October–December

* 16 October – Sophus Berendsen, businessman (died 1884)
* 30 November – Thomas Lange, novelist (died 1887)
* 18 December – Christen Berg, politician (died 1891)
* 20 December – Hans Peter Hansen, xylographer (died 1899)

## Deaths
### January–March

* 21 January – Kamma Rahbek, salonist and lady of letters (born 1775)
* 6 February – Johan David Vogel, businessman and brewer (born 1759)
* 18 February – Olfert Fischer, vice admiral (born 1747)
* 21 February – Christian Ludvig von Holten, colonial administrator (born 1774)
* 4 March – Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin, scholar, archivist (born 1752)

### October–December

* 8 October – Iver Qvistgaard, civil servant, landowner and mayor (born 1767)
* 25 October – Andreas Birch, academic, bishop (born 1758)
# 1870 Goldfields North colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Goldfields North on 23 February 1870 because Robert Wisdom had also been elected to Lower Hunter and chose to resign from Goldfields North.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 1 March 1870 | Robert Wisdom resigned. |
| 19 March 1870 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 4 April 1870 | Nominations |
| 18 April 1870 | Polling day |
| 30 April 1870 | Return of writ |

## Result

1870 Goldfields North by-election Monday 18 April :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Robert Forster (elected) | Robert Forster (elected) | 249 | 57.8 |
| John Burns | John Burns | 182 | 42.2 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 431 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 431 | 50.7 |