OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2016 Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open

The 2016 Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament, in the International category of the 2016 WTA Tour and took place in Nanchang, China, from 1 August through 7 August 2016. Unseeded Duan Yingying won the singles title.

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 30 | 1 | 18 | 12 | 1 |
| Doubles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $43,000 | $21,400 | $11,500 | $6,175 | $3,400 | $2,100 | $1,020 | $600 |
| Doubles | $12,300 | $6,400 | $3,435 | $1,820 | $960 | — | — | — |

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| POL | Magda Linette | 86 | 1 |
| JPN | Kurumi Nara | 91 | 2 |
| ITA | Francesca Schiavone | 107 | 3 |
| CRO | Donna Vekić | 109 | 4 |
| CHN | Zhang Kailin | 112 | 5 |
| USA | Vania King | 120 | 6 |
| JPN | Risa Ozaki | 126 | 7 |
| CHN | Han Xinyun | 127 | 8 |
| BUL | Elitsa Kostova | 131 | 9 |
* Rankings are as of July 25, 2016.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Lu Jiajing
* Yang Zhaoxuan
* Zheng Wushuang
* Zhang Yuxuan
The following player received entry by a protected ranking:
* Tereza Mrdeža
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Nicha Lertpitaksinchai
* Lu Jingjing
* Junri Namigata
* Peangtarn Plipuech
* Storm Sanders
* Zhang Ying
The following player received entry by a lucky loser spot:
* Han Na-lae

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Zarina Diyas → replaced by Elitsa Kostova
* Magda Linette → replaced by Han Na-lae
* Kateřina Siniaková → replaced by Daniela Hantuchová
* Wang Qiang → replaced by Marina Melnikova

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CHN | Wang Yafan | CHN | Yang Zhaoxuan | 123 | 1 |
| JPN | Shuko Aoyama | JPN | Makoto Ninomiya | 154 | 2 |
| CHN | Han Xinyun | CHN | Zhang Kailin | 180 | 3 |
| JPN | Miyu Kato | JPN | Kurumi Nara | 219 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of July 25, 2016.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Chang Kai-Chen / Duan Yingying
* Sun Ziyue / Zhu Aiwen

## Finals
### Singles

* Duan Yingying defeated Vania King 1-6, 6-4, 6-2

### Doubles

* Liang Chen / Lu Jingjing defeated Shuko Aoyama / Makoto Ninomiya, 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, [13–11]
# Celebrity gardener

Gardeners who have achieved fame through their pioneering innovations, writing or, more often, their television personas, may be classed as celebrity gardeners.
The writing of Helena Rutherfurd Ely, C. Z. Guest and Esther Deans brought them enough fame for them to be considered celebrity gardeners.
In England, the Royal Horticultural Society has described both Alan Titchmarsh and Monty Don as celebrity gardeners.

## Notable gardeners on radio, television and social media

* Craig Allison – host of The Carefree Gardener
* Chris Beardshaw
* Matthew Biggs – Gardeners' Question Time
* Don Burke – host of Burke's Backyard; producer of Backyard Blitz
* Danny Clarke - British horticulturist, host of BBC series The Instant Gardener
* James Underwood Crockett – original host of The Victory Garden
* Peter Cundall – host of ABC TV's Gardening Australia
* Charlie Dimmock
* Harry Dodson – head gardener for the BBC television show The Victorian Kitchen Garden
* David Domoney – gardener on ITV1's Love Your Garden and ITV's This Morning
* Monty Don – host of BBC2's Gardeners' World
* Art Drysdale – Canadian gardener with various broadcasts
* Jamie Durie – host of axed show Backyard Blitz on Channel Nine; now host of Australia's Best Backyards on Channel Seven
* Kevin Espiritu - creator of Epic Gardening Youtube Channel
* Bob Flowerdew – Gardeners Question Time
* Alan Gardner – British Channel4 series The Autistic Gardener
* Diarmuid Gavin – garden designer; television host of Homefront in the Garden
* Pippa Greenwood – Gardeners' Question Time
* Ivan Hričovský – gardener on the Slovak Television and Radio show Farmer's revue
* Carol Klein – BBC2's Gardeners' World
* Roy Lancaster
* Sarah Raven – BBC2's Gardeners' World
* P. Allen Smith
* Joe Swift – BBC2's Gardeners' World
* Percy Thrower – Britain's first celebrity gardener
* Alan Titchmarsh – writer for BBC Gardeners' World magazine; celebrity television gardener
* Brian Welch – freelance celebrity gardener
* James Wong – BBC science presenter and obsessive foodie grower
# Eichsfeld-Südharz

Eichsfeld-Südharz was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Eichsfeld, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Weißenborn-Lüderode. The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was disbanded on 1 December 2011, when its constituent municipalities (except Am Ohmberg) merged into the new municipality Sonnenstein.
The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Eichsfeld-Südharz consisted of the following municipalities:
* Am Ohmberg
* Bockelnhagen
* Holungen
* Jützenbach
* Silkerode
* Steinrode
* Stöckey
* Weißenborn-Lüderode
* Zwinge
# 1866 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1866.

## Dinosaurs
### Newly named dinosaurs

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Location | Notes |
| Calamospondylus | Nomen dubium | Fox | vide: Anonymous | | |
| Euskelosaurus | Valid | Thomas Henry Huxley | | Lesotho  South Africa  Zimbabwe | |
| Laelaps | Preoccupied. | Edward Drinker Cope | | | Preoccupied by Koch, 1836. Renamed Dryptosaurus. |

## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian

| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
| Triglyphus | Valid | Fraas | | | | |
# Candela (disambiguation)

The candela is a unit of luminous intensity.
Candela may also refer to:

## Places

* Candela, Apulia, comune in the Province of Foggia, Italy
* Candela Municipality, municipio in Coahuila, Mexico
* Candela, Coahuila, community in Coahuila State, Mexico
* Candela River, tributary of the Rio Salado, Mexico
* Candelas, Colorado, a planned community in Arvada, Colorado, United States

## People
### Association football

* Candela Andújar (born 2000), Spanish football forward
* Candela (footballer) (born 1987), Spanish footballer
* Álvaro Giménez Candela (born 1991), Spanish footballer
* Antonio Candela (born 2000), Italian professional footballer
* Iván Menéndez Candela (born 1978), Spanish retired footballer
* Paco Candela (born 1993), Spanish footballer
* Vincent Candela (born 1973), former French footballer
* Vincenzo Candela (born 1994), Colombian footballer

### Others

* Candela Ferro (born 1973), Argentine journalist, model, and television host
* Candela Peña (born 1973), Spanish actress
* Candela Vetrano (born 1991), Argentine actress, singer and model
* Estrella Cabeza Candela (born 1987), Spanish professional tennis player
* Félix Candela (1910-1997), Spanish architect
* Hilario Candela (1934-2022), Cuban-born American architect
* Rosario Candela, Italian born American architect

## Music
### Bands

* Candela (American band)
* Candela (Swedish band)
* Candelas (band), Welsh band

### Albums and songs

* Candela (album), 2019
** "Candela", the album's title track
* Candela, a 2013 album by Mice Parade
* "Candela", a song by Bad Gyal from Worldwide Angel
* "Candela", a song by Buena Vista Social Club from Buena Vista Social Club
* "Candela", a song from Chiquititas Vol. 5
* "Candela", a song by Chayanne from Simplemente
* "Candela", a song by Noelia from Noelia

## Other uses

* Candela (tobacco), type of tobacco
* Candela Hotel & Residences, a proposed skyscraper in Seattle, which was never built
* Candela, the leader of Team Valor in the mobile game Pokémon Go
# Dejbjerg wagon

The Dejbjerg wagon (Danish Dejbjergvognen) is a composite of two ceremonial wagons found in a peat bog in Dejbjerg near Ringkøbing in western Jutland, Denmark. These votive deposits were dismantled and ritually placed in the bog around 100 BCE. As of 2022, the wagon is on display at the National Museum of Denmark.

## Cultural context

The two wagons belong to a larger phenomenon of intentional placement of objects in bogs, generally interpreted as sacrifices to gods. The Dejbjerg Wagon was discovered during a period of intense peat bog extraction that occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries, largely by non-archaeologists. These excavations yielded many items dating from the entirety of the prehistoric period but especially from the Iron Age. Many of these objects include everyday items like ceramic vessels and wooden objects, but also more prestigious items, like war booty, the Dejbjerg Wagon, and the Gundestrup Cauldron. In addition to ritually placed objects, bog deposits include bog bodies, preserved human remains.

## Dejbjerg folklore

Prior to the discovery of the Dejbjerg Wagon, local folklore "told of wagons filled with gold which were supposed to be lying in a bog near the local vicarage, an account which was verified (to some degree) when the two famous Dejbjerg wagons from the Early iron age were later found in the bog in question in 1881–82". Folklorist Terry Gunnell highlights that this account is not unique, and that comparable legends can be found associated with certain bogs and lakes in southern Sweden. Gunnell notes that, "The key value of the legend in question (in association with the archaeological finds) is thus not so much that it might be based on a 'genuine' memory related to that particular lake. More importantly, it suggests that the gold wagon legends in general would seem to have some basis in ancient truth and shared social memory." Gunnell compares this complex of legends the sword found underwater by Beowulf (in Beowulf), and comments that "these accounts appear to have roots in faint memories of the ritual depositions of objects in water which took place during the Bronze and Iron Ages, activities for which the later storytellers had no evidence and no personal memory, but which have since been given substance by archaeological evidence. This is why modern archaeologists tend to collect local legends relating to sites that they are investigating: there is always a possibility that they may contain a kernel of truth."
# Cendejas de Enmedio

Cendejas de Enmedio is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 125 inhabitants.
# Gediz

Gediz may refer to:
* Gediz, Kütahya, a town in the Kütahya Province of Turkey
* Gediz District, a district of the Kütahya Province of Turkey
* Gediz River, a river in the Aegean region of Turkey
# 1903 in motorsport

The following is an overview of the events of 1903 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.

## Births

| Date | Month | Name | Nationality | Occupation | Note |
| 8 | April | Frank Lockhart | American | Racing driver | Indianapolis 500 winner (1926). |
| 23 | May | Ernst Klodwig | German | Racing driver | The first East German Formula One driver. |
| 9 | June | Felice Bonetto | Italian | Racing driver | 1952 Targa Florio winner. |
| 1 | October | Pierre Veyron | French | Racing driver | 24 Hours of Le Mans winner (1939). |
| 23 | November | Juan Jover | Spanish | Racing driver | The first Spanish Formula One driver. |
| 5 | December | Kelly Petillo | American | Racing driver | Indianapolis 500 winner (1935). |
# Curt Frazier

Curtis L. Frazier (born March 11, 1945) is a former American football cornerback who played one season for the Cincinnati Bengals in 1968. He also played for the Sacramento Buccaneers of the Continental Football League (COFL) in 1967.
# Abdul Rahim Malhas

Abdul Rahim Malhas (28 June 1937 – 29 September 2012) was a Jordanian politician who served as Health Minister in the government of Abdelsalam al-Majali between 1993 and 1994. He was member of the 14th House of Representatives between 2003 and 2007.

## Life and Career

Abdul Rahim Malhas was born on 28 June 1937 in Amman, Jordan, to his father, the Palestinian Dr. Qassem Abdul Rahim Malhas, and mother, Suad Jude. He was one of six children, along with his siblings Othman, Muhammad, Rehab, Ghazwa and Basma Malhas. His father, Dr. Qassem Malhas, was a pioneering physician who founded the first Jordanian-owned private hospital in Amman in 1945, known as "Malhas Hospital".
Malhas graduated with a BSc in 1959 and an MD from the American University of Beirut in 1963. He later worked in Jordanian army hospitals.
In 1994 he revealed corruption and embezzlement in health and food sectors by a publication in the newspaper Shihan.

## Published Works

* limatha nahnu hakadha – asabab al-taraju'i al-'arabiyi (Why Are We Like This - The Reasons For The Arab Retreat), 2011
# Canyon Ferry Dam

Canyon Ferry Dam is a concrete gravity dam in a narrow valley of the Missouri River, United States, where the Big Belt Mountains and the Spokane Hills merge, approximately 68 miles (109 km) downstream from the confluence of the Gallatin, Madison, and Jefferson rivers, and about 20 miles (32 km) east of the city of Helena, Montana. The dam is for flood control, irrigation, recreation and hydroelectric power. The building of the dam created a reservoir known as Canyon Ferry Lake.

## Background

In 1941, the first study for the dam was carried out by the Bureau of Reclamation, the Montana Water Board and Montana Power Company. The dam and power plant were part of the Pick-Sloan Plan and approved by the Flood Control Act of 1944 which was signed on December 22. Known as the Canyon Ferry Unit, construction began on May 24, 1949, and was completed on June 23, 1954. On December 18, 1953, the power plant's first generator became operational and the other two went online in 1954.
The 1949 structure replaced the original Canyon Ferry Dam 1.5 mi (2 km) upstream. The original dam was constructed between 1896 and 1898 by the Helena Water and Electric Power Company. It was a timber crib dam with rock-fill and was 29 ft (9 m) high and 485 ft (148 m) long.

## Design

The dam is a 225 ft (69 m) tall concrete gravity type and has a length of 1,000 ft (305 m). The crest of the dam is 20 ft (6 m) while the base is 173 ft (53 m). The dam structure compromises a total of 414,400 cu yd (316,832 m$^3$) of concrete. The dam's spillway is located on its central portion and is controlled by four radial gates. It has a maximum discharge of 150,000 cu ft/s (4,248 m$^3$/s). Adjacent to the spillway is the dam's power plant which contains three 16.5 MW Francis turbine generators for an installed capacity of 50 MW. Each turbine is fed with water by a 13.5 ft (4 m) diameter penstock. At a normal elevation of 3,797 ft (1,157 m), the reservoir contains 1,891,000 acre⋅ft (2.332514155×10$^9$ m$^3$) of water.
# Alexanders saga

Alexanders saga is an Old Norse translation of Alexandreis, an epic Latin poem about the life of Alexander the Great written by Walter of Châtillon, which was itself based on Quintus Curtius Rufus's Historia Alexandri Magni. It is attributed in manuscripts of the saga to Brandr Jónsson, bishop of Skálholt who is also said to have been responsible for authoring Gyðinga saga. Kirsten Wolf has commented on the saga's literary qualities thus: "Alexanders saga [...] has stirred the admiration of scholars and writers for centuries because of its exceptionally imaginative use of the resources of language and its engaging narrative style."

## Manuscripts

Alexanders saga is preserved in five medieval Icelandic manuscripts and a number of later manuscripts, of which only Stock. Papp. fol. no. 1 has independent textual value. The main manuscript source of the text is AM 519a 4to, dating from 1270-1290. A fragment of the saga appears in AM 655 XXIX 4to which dates from the same period. It is also found in AM 226 fol (and its copy AM 225 fol) which contains the Biblical compilation Stjórn. In these manuscripts Alexanders saga comes after Rómverja saga and before Gyðinga saga. In AM 226 fol, AM 225 fol, and Stock. Perg. 4to no. 24 the text is shorter than AM 519a 4to and also contain a translation of Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem.
Kalinke and Mitchell identified the following manuscripts of the saga:
* AM 190 b fol (17th c)
* AM 225 fol (early 15th c), vellum
* AM 226 fol (late 14th c), vellum
* AM 519a 4to (late 13th c), vellum
* AM 520 4to (ca 1700)
* AM 655 4to XXIX (ca 1300), vellum
* BL Add 11,238 fol (18th c.?)
* BL Add 24,969 fol (ca 1731)
* Bodleian Library, Oxford University: MS Boreal 141 fol (18th c)
* Héraðsskjalasafn Skagfirðinga, Sauðárkrókur: HSk 452 4to (1780)
* IB 115 4to (ca 1820)
* JS 209 4to (ca 1760)
* JS 390 8vo (18th-19th c)
* JS 8 fol (1729)
* Lbs 204 fol (1758-59)
* Lbs 37 fol (early 18th c)
* Lbs 373 4to (ca 1800)
* Lbs 678 4to (ca 1852-54)
* National Library, Edinburgh: Adv MS 21.2.6 fol (18th c)
* Papp fol nr 1 (early 17th c)
* Perg 4to nr 24 (mid- 15th c)
* Rask 34 (1760)
* Trinity College, Dublin: L.2.11 (late 18th c)

## Editions

* Unger, C. R., ed. (1848). Alexanders saga: Norsk bearbeidelse fra trettende aarhundrede af Philip Gautiers latinske digt Alexandreis. Christiania: Feilberg & Landmark.
* Jónsson, Finnur, ed. (1925). Alexanders saga : Islandsk oversættelse ved Brandr Jónsson (biskop til Holar 1263-64). Copenhagen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Helgason, Jón (ed.). Alexanders saga: The Arna-Magnæan Manuscript 519a, 4to. Copenhagen.
* Laxness, Halldór, ed. (1945). Alexandreis: það er Alexanders saga mikla (in Icelandic). Reykjavík: Heimskringla.
* Ingólfsson, Gunnlaugur, ed. (2002). Alexandreis, það er, Alexanders saga á íslensku (in Icelandic). Reykjavík: Steinholt.
* de Leeuw Weenen, Andrea, ed. (2009). Alexanders Saga: AM 519A 4to in the Arnamagnaean Collection, Copenhagen. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
# 2016 Russian Cup final

The 2016 Russian Cup Final decided the winner of the 2015–16 Russian Cup, the 24th season of Russia's main football cup. It was played on 2 May 2016 at the Kazan Arena in Kazan, between CSKA Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg.
After being level 1—1 at halftime, Zenit scored three second half goals to emerge victorious with a 4-1 win.
As winners, Zenit qualified for the group stage of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League and also faced off against CSKA in a rematch of the cup final in the Russian Super Cup held on 23 July 2016.

## Match details

Igor Akinfeev (c) :
| DF | 2 | Mário Fernandes |
| DF | 24 | Vasiliy Berezutski | 62' |
| DF | 4 | Sergei Ignashevich |
| DF | 6 | Aleksei Berezutski | 18' | 60' |
| MF | 66 | Bibras Natkho |
| MF | 10 | Alan Dzagoev |
| MF | 60 | Aleksandr Golovin |
| MF | 18 | Ahmed Musa |
| MF | 25 | Roman Eremenko | 53' | 66' |
| FW | 99 | Aaron Samuel | | 39' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 1 | Sergei Chepchugov |
| DF | 5 | Viktor Vasin | | 66' |
| DF | 15 | Taras Mykhalyk |
| DF | 14 | Kirill Nababkin |
| MF | 42 | Georgi Shchennikov |
| MF | 17 | Sergei Tkachyov | | 60' |
| FW | 8 | Kirill Panchenko | | 39' | 68' |
| FW | 7 | Zoran Tošić |
| Manager: |||
| Leonid Slutsky |||
Mikhail Kerzhakov :
| DF | 4 | Domenico Criscito (c) |
| DF | 24 | Ezequiel Garay |
| DF | 13 | Luís Neto |
| DF | 19 | Igor Smolnikov |
| MF | 21 | Javi García |
| MF | 14 | Artur Yusupov |
| MF | 17 | Oleg Shatov | 75' |
| MF | 7 | Hulk | 78' | 83' |
| MF | 28 | Axel Witsel | | 82' |
| FW | 9 | Aleksandr Kokorin | | 74' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 51 | Maksim Rudakov |
| GK | 1 | Yuri Lodygin |
| DF | 6 | Nicolas Lombaerts |
| DF | 52 | Andrei Ivanov |
| DF | 8 | Maurício | | 82' |
| DF | 81 | Yuri Zhirkov | | 83' |
| MF | 70 | Dmitry Bogayev |
| MF | 10 | Danny |
| FW | 22 | Artem Dzyuba | | 74' |
| FW | 92 | Pavel Dolgov |
| Manager: |||
| André Villas-Boas |||
* Match rules
* 90 minutes.
* 30 minutes of extra-time if necessary.
* Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
* Seven named substitutes.
* Maximum of three substitutions.
# 1860 Wellington colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wellington on 26 July 1860 because Nicolas Hyeronimus died.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 27 June 1860 | Nicolas Hyeronimus died. |
| 29 June 1860 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 19 July May 1860 | Nominations at Wellington. |
| 26 July 1860 | Polling day between 9 am and 4 pm. |
| 2 August 1860 | Return of writ |

## Polling places

* Burrandong
* Molong
* Stoney Creek
* Tambaroora
* Wellington

## Result

1860 Wellington by-election Thursday 26 July :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Silvanus Daniel (elected) | Silvanus Daniel (elected) | 165 | 78.2 |
| James Garland | James Garland | 46 | 21.8 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 548 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 548 | 58.0 |
# Gedion Nyanhongo

Stone sculptor Gedion Nyanhongo was born into an artistic family on 22 December 1967 in Nyanga, Zimbabwe. He was influenced from a young age by his father, Claud Nyanhongo, a prominent artist among the "first generation" sculptors (the pioneers of the Shona Sculpture movement that began in the late 1950s). "I used to watch my father sculpt when I grew up, and although I was young, I remember loving it and knowing that it was what I wanted to do." After an apprenticeship with the internationally acclaimed sculptor Joseph Ndandarika (a friend of his father), Gedion embarked on a solo career in 1988. His debut exhibition was in 1989 at the Mabwe Gallery in Harare, Zimbabwe. Gedion has since exhibited his works in solo and group exhibitions at numerous venues around the world, including: England, France, Germany, Holland, Hong Kong, South Africa, U.S.A, and Zimbabwe. Two of his works are featured in a collection on permanent display at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, and a Zebra in the Phoenix Zoo.
Nyanhongo's sister Agnes is also a sculptor.