OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2011 UMass Minutemen football team

The 2011 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association. The team was coached by Kevin Morris and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts, with the exception of the second annual Colonial Clash, which was played at Gillette Stadium.
The 2011 season was the team's last as a member of the CAA, as they began their transition to NCAA Division I FBS play. Because of this, they were ineligible for post season play.
They finished the season 5–6, with a 3–5 record against members of the CAA. They did not occupy a spot in the CAA standings due to their transition to the FBS.
Two days after the final game of the season, Kevin Morris was fired from his position as head coach.

## Schedule

Highlights of the 2011 schedule, which was the final FCS schedule for the Minutemen, included:
* The season opening night game at in-state rival Holy Cross.
* A game against FBS and in-state rival Boston College.
* The Colonial Clash matchup against New Hampshire at Gillette Stadium.
* The final game at McGuirk Stadium for the immediate future against James Madison.
| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | 8:00 p.m. | at Holy Cross* | No. 25 | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | CBS Sports Network | W 24–16 | 15,942 |
| September 17 | 6:30 p.m. | Rhode Island | No. 21 | McGuirk StadiumHadley, MA | CSN NE | W 36–27 | 11,167 |
| September 24 | 1:00 p.m. | at Boston College* | No. 17 | Alumni StadiumChestnut Hill, MA (rivalry) | ESPN3 | L 17–45 | 30,176 |
| October 1 | 6:00 p.m. | at Old Dominion | No. 20 | S. B. Ballard StadiumNorfolk, VA | | L 33–48 | 19,818 |
| October 8 | 6:00 p.m. | Central Connecticut* | | McGuirk StadiumHadley, MA | | W 42–26 | 11,736 |
| October 15 | 3:30 p.m. | at No. 9 Delaware | | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE | CSN NE/Comcast Network | W 28–10 | 21,902 |
| October 22 | 3:30 p.m. | vs. No. 13 New Hampshire | No. 22 | Gillette StadiumFoxboro, MA (Colonial Clash) | CSN NE | L 21–27 | 24,022 |
| October 29 | 1:00 p.m. | at Richmond | | Robins StadiumRichmond, VA | | W 28–7 | 8,700 |
| November 5 | 3:30 p.m. | Villanova | | McGuirk StadiumHadley, MA | CSN NE/Comcast Network | L 17–35 | 10,012 |
| November 12 | 12:30 p.m. | at No. 13 Maine | | Alfond StadiumOrono, ME | | L 21–32 | 4,460 |
| November 19 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 19 James Madison | | McGuirk StadiumHadley, MA | | L 17–34 | 7,103 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Csipkerek

Csipkerek is a village in Vas County, Hungary.
# 2010 Toronto Nationals season

The 2010 Toronto Nationals season was the second for the franchise. After playing their 2009 season at BMO Field, the Nationals moved their home games to Lamport Stadium for their second season. Coming off a Steinfeld Cup victory in 2009, the Nationals were unable to repeat this achievement. They finished last in the league in 2010 and failed to qualify for the playoffs with a 3-9 record. Brodie Merrill won the Major League Lacrosse Defensive player of the Year Award and was named to the All-MLL team as a defenseman.

## Standings

W = Wins, L = Losses, PCT = Winning Percentage, GB = Games Back of first place, GF = Goals For, 2ptGF = 2 point Goals For, GA = Goals Against, 2ptGA = 2 point Goals Against
* Qualified for playoffs
| Team | W | L | PCT | GB | GF | 2ptGF | GA | 2ptGA |
| Boston Cannons | 8 | 4 | .667 | - | 174 | 15 | 141 | 10 |
| Denver Outlaws | 8 | 4 | .667 | - | 158 | 9 | 148 | 10 |
| Long Island Lizards | 7 | 5 | .583 | 1 | 141 | 9 | 139 | 12 |
| Chesapeake Bayhawks | 6 | 6 | .500 | 2 | 161 | 18 | 158 | 8 |
| Chicago Machine | 4 | 8 | .333 | 4 | 157 | 4 | 171 | 11 |
| Toronto Nationals | 3 | 9 | .250 | 5 | 132 | 8 | 166 | 12 |
Boston finished ahead of Denver based on a head to head record of 3-0.

## Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Field | Result | Attendance | Record |
| 1 | May 16 | @ Machine | WakeMed Soccer Park | 16-9 | 2,011 | 0-1 |
| 2 | May 22 | Bayhawks | Lamport Stadium | 25-12 | 3,921 | 0-2 |
| 3 | May 29 | @ Outlaws | Invesco Field at Mile High | 15-12 | 6,123 | 0-3 |
| 4 | June 5 | Machine | Lamport Stadium | 14-13 | 2,100 | 0-4 |
| 5 | June 12 | Bayhawks | Lamport Stadium | 10-9 | 2,145 | 0-5 |
| 6 | June 19 | @ Lizards | James M. Shuart Stadium | 11-9 | 3,076 | 1-5 |
| 7 | June 24 | @ Bayhawks | Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium | 17-14 | 3,588 | 2-5 |
| 8 | July 1 | Cannons | Lamport Stadium | 15-13 | 2,963 | 3-5 |
| 9 | July 10 | Outlaws | Lamport Stadium | 15-14 (OT) | 2,834 | 3-6 |
| 11 | July 24 | @ Cannons | Harvard Stadium | 18-10 | 7,477 | 3-7 |
| 12 | July 31 | @ Lizards | James M. Shuart Stadium | 16-11 | 3,803 | 3-8 |
| 13 | August 7 | Lizards | Lamport Stadium | 13-7 | 4,516 | 3-9 |

## Playoffs

The Nationals did not qualify for the 2010 Steinfeld Cup playoffs after winning the championship in 2009.
# Cruising

Cruising may refer to:
* Cruising, on a cruise ship
* Cruising (driving), driving around for social purposes, especially by teenagers
* Cruising (maritime), leisurely travel by boat, yacht, or cruise ship
* Cruising for sex, the process of searching in public places for sexual partners, especially by gay men
** Cruising (film), a 1980 film starring Al Pacino
** Cruising (novel), the 1970 novel upon which the 1980 film is based
* Cruising (play), an Australian play by Alexandra Edmondson
* "Cruising" (song), a 1984 pop song by Sinitta
* Cruising, a motor milestone for infants where they can walk by holding onto something and they make the transition to being a toddler
# Cubitt Artists

Cubitt Artists is a British artist-run art gallery, artist studios and art educator, founded in 1991. Cubitt was first located in Goods Way in London's Kings Cross area, moved to Cubitt Street (from which it takes its current name), later to Caledonia Street, and is now located at Angel.

## Cubitt Gallery

The Cubitt Gallery is funded by Arts Council England allowing it to offer the 18-month Cubitt Curatorial Fellowship to emerging curators (previously named the Curatorial Bursary from 2001 to 2015). Past Cubitt curators are:
* Polly Staple (July 2001 – January 2003)
* Emily Pethick (March 2003 – August 2004)
* David Bussel (September 2004 – February 2006)
* Tom Morton (April 2006 – August 2007)
* Bart van der Heide (October 2007 – March 2009)
* Michelle Cotton (April 2009 – November 2010)
* Fiona Parry (December 2010 – May 2012)
* Jamie Stevens (June 2012 – December 2013)
* Fatima Hellberg (January 2014 – June 2015)
* Morgan Quaintance (July 2015 – December 2016)
* Louise Shelly (July 2018 – December 2019)
* Languid Hands (2020 - 2022)
The current recipient of the curatorial fellowship is Seán Elder. The Cubitt Gallery has displayed work from a wide range of notable artists, including Adam Chodzko, Aleksandra Mir, Allen Ruppersberg, Angela Bulloch, Billy Childish, Boris Groys (Thinking in Loop, 2008), Carol Bove, Cathy Wilkes, David Robbins, Florian Hecker, Gunter Förg, Gustav Metzger (Eichmann and the Angel, 2005), Harun Farocki, Henri Chopin, Ida Applebroog, Jack Goldstein, Jimmy Robert (Figure de Style, 2008), Kenneth Anger, Marjetica Potrč, Matthew Day Jackson, Paul Noble, Tacita Dean, Willem de Rooij ("Birds", 2009) and Tris Vonna Michell (Tall Tales and Short Stories, 2007), Ajamu (Archival Sensoria, 2020), R.I.P Germain (Dead Yard, 2020) and Camara Taylor (a rant! a reel!, 2021).
To support the ongoing artistic programme of the Gallery, a limited edition set titled the Cubitt Print Box was offered for sale in 2000. This is a set of twenty works produced by contemporary artists Alex Katz (Dark Eyes, 2000), Ceal Floyer (Etching (at 45 rpm), 2000), Chris Ofili (no title, 2000), Elizabeth Wright (Snowball, 2000), Gareth Jones (Diamond, 2000), Giorgio Sadotti (Don't Look, 2000), Hilary Lloyd (Shopfront, 2000), James Pyman (On the Sound, 2000), Jane Simpson (Sunset Still Life, 2000), Jochen Klein (Untitled, 2000), Martin Creed (Work No. 233, 2000), Matthew Higgs (Despair, 2000), Paul McCarthy (Dog, 2000), Paul Noble (Playframe, 2000), Peter Doig (Echo Lake, 2000), Peter Pommerer (Giraffe with Blue Coloured Eyes, 2000), Piotr Uklański (no title, 2000), Scott King (Joy Division, The Moonlight Club, 4 April 1980, West Hampstead, London, England, 2000), Tacita Dean (Aerial View of Teignmouth Electron, Cayman Brac 16th of September 1998, 2000) and Wolfgang Tillmans (Faltenwurf (Cubitt Edition), 2000).

## Cubitt Studios

Cubitt Studios provides central London studio space for up to 30 artists at any given time. Former notable members of Cubitt include Chris Ofili, Dinos and Jake Chapman, Matthew Higgs and Peter Doig.
# 2010 European Open Water Swimming Championships

The 2010 European Open Water Swimming Championships was the 12th edition of the European Open Water Swimming Championships (was part of the 2010 European Aquatics Championships) and took part from 4–15 August 2010 in Budapest, Hungary.

## Results
### Men

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 5 km | Luca Ferretti Italy | 58:43.4 | Simone Ercoli Italy | 59:00.5 | Simone Ruffini Italy Spyridon Gianniotis Greece | 59:15.1 |
| 10 km | Thomas Lurz Germany | 1:54:22.5 | Valerio Cleri Italy | 1:54:25.8 | Evgeny Drattsev Russia | 1:54:26.6 |
| 25 km | Valerio Cleri Italy | 5:16:38.3 | Bertrand Venturi France | 5:16:54.7 | Joanes Hedel France | 5:18:57.6 |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 5 km | Ekaterina Seliverstova Russia | 1:02:34.7 | Kalliopi Araouzou Greece | 1:02:37.3 | Marianna Lymperta Greece | 1:02:41.3 |
| 10 km | Linsy Heister Netherlands | 2:01:06.7 | Giorgia Consiglio Italy | 2:01:07.6 | Angela Maurer Germany | 2:01:08.2 |
| 25 km | Olga Beresnyeva Ukraine | 5:48:10.2 | Angela Maurer Germany | 5:48:10.3 | Martina Grimaldi Italy | 5:48:30.8 |

### Mixed events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 5 km Team Event | Kalliopi Araouzou Antonios Fokaidis Spyridon Gianniotis Greece | 59:03 | Rachele Bruni Simone Ercoli Simone Ruffini Italy | 59:55.6 | Sergey Bolshakov Anna Guseva Daniil Serebrennikov Russia | 59:59.5 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| 2 | Greece (GRE) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 7 | 7 | 8 | 22 |
# 2010 European Shield

For the 2010 fixture, the field was doubled from three teams to six. In the Eastern group, Russia topped the table by defeating Latvia and Ukraine. Serbia took the Western group title by defeating both Germany and Czech Republic.

## Eastern Group
### Results

* 2010-06-27
| Russia | 62-14 | Ukraine |
| Tries: Gapanov (3), Fedchuk, Lysokon, Bratko, Ososkov, Churpin, Vlasyuk Goals: Lysokon (5), Ososkov (2), Bratko | (Report) | Tries: Miroshnichenko, Lyubensky Goals: Skorbach (3) |
* Vereya Stadium, Vereya, Moscow Oblast
* 2010-07-31
| Latvia | 4-54 | Russia |
| Try: Jakušs | (Report) | Tries: Nechaev, Bulanov (3), Gaponov, Galimov (2), Ososkov, Loschilin, Nikolaev Goals: Lisokony (6), Ososkov |
* Upesciems Stadium, Upesciems
* 2010-09-18
| Ukraine | 112-0 | Latvia |
| Tries: Shevtsov (5), Lyubenskey (5), Skorbach (3), Kardakov (2), Bashevsky (2), Lobanj, Smolin, Kravchenk, Markelov Goals: Skorbach (12), Lyubenskey (2) | (Report) | |
* Arsenal Stadium, Kyiv

### Standings

| Team | Played | Won | Drew | Lost | For | Against | Diff | Points |
| Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 18 | 88 | 4 |
| Ukraine | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 126 | 52 | 74 | 2 |
| Latvia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 166 | -162 | 0 |

## Western Group
### Results

* 2010-06-26
| Czech Republic | 4-56 | Serbia |
| Try: Mana | (Report) | Tries: Vukanović (4), Dajč, Lukenić, Pešić, Nikolić, Delić, Šušnjara Goals: Vukanović (8) |
* RK Petrovice, Prague Attendance: 100
* 2010-07-03
| Serbia | 40-14 | Germany |
| Tries: Vukanović (3), Pešić (2), Nikolić, Grbić Goals: Vukanović (6) | (Report) | Tries: N. Keinhorst, J. Keinhorst, Schoengen Goal: K. Keinhorst |
* FK Radnički Novi Beograd, Belgrade Attendance: 300
* 2010-07-17
| Germany | 96-0 | Czech Republic |
| Tries: Stocks (4), Koch (3), N. Keinhorst (2), K.Keinhorst (2), Seibold (2), Rehm, Huber, J. Keinhorst, Cooper, Szehofner Goals: K.Keinhorst (11), Cooper | (Report) | |
* TuS Hochspeyer, Hochspeyer

### Standings

| Team | Played | Won | Drew | Lost | For | Against | Diff | Points |
| Serbia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 18 | 78 | 4 |
| Germany | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 110 | 40 | 70 | 2 |
| Czech Republic | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 152 | -148 | 0 |
# Ctesias dusmae

Ctesias dusmae is a species of carpet beetle in the family Dermestidae. It is found in North America.
# Ctesibius (beetle)

Ctesibius is a genus of soft-bodied plant beetles in the family Artematopodidae. There is at least one described species in Ctesibius, C. eumolpoides.
# Ctesibius (crater)

Ctesibius is a small lunar impact crater that is located near the equator, on the far side of the Moon. It is named after the ancient Greek-Egyptian inventor Ctesibius. It lies between the larger crater Abul Wáfa to the west and the slightly smaller Heron to the east.
The outer wall of Ctesibius is wide and sharp-edged, with little erosion. A low ridge is attached to the southern rim, and curves to the south-southeast. At the center of the relatively flat interior is a low ridge. Faint traces of ray material lies across the western floor and rim from Necho to the southeast.
# Curarea

Curarea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae, found in tropical parts of Central and South America. They are dioecious lianas, with at least some species producing toxic compounds such as curare.

## Species

Currently accepted species include:
* Curarea barnebyana R.Ortiz
* Curarea candicans (Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff
* Curarea crassa Barneby
* Curarea cuatrecasasii Barneby & Krukoff
* Curarea gentryana R.Ortiz
* Curarea iquitana (Diels) R.Ortiz
* Curarea tecunarum Barneby & Krukoff
* Curarea tomentocarpa (Rusby) R.Ortiz
* Curarea toxicofera (Wedd.) Barneby & Krukoff
# Cuerdley railway station

St Helens & Runcorn Gap Railway :
Legend :
This diagram: viewtalkedit :
One source gives Cuerdley railway station as being on what is now the southeastern edge of Widnes, England, stating that it was located near the then bone works which the 1849 OS Map shows as at the convergence of Moss Lane, the railway, the Sankey Canal, a creek and the north bank of the tidal River Mersey. Of these only Moss Lane is no longer readily identifiable on a modern OS Map. The authoritative Disused Stations website does not include an article on Cuerdley station, however, it does repeatedly use a map which places Cuerdley station some distance nearer Warrington. This is corroborated by the Engineer's Line Reference (ELR) database which gives Cuerdley station as 1 mile 10 chains from Fiddlers Ferry and Penketh station and 1 mile 31 chains from Carterhouse Junction. Furthermore, the ELR data gives the station site as only 31 chains west of the modern-day junction for Fiddlers Ferry Power station.
The station was reluctantly built and opened by the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway in response to persistent local lobbying. Receipts were as low as the company feared, so they announced the decision to close the station on 5 January 1858. Furthermore, they added a policy that to remain open any station had to generate receipts of £3 per week.
The station was demolished and no trace remains.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Fidlers Ferry & Penketh | St Helens Canal and Railway | Runcorn Gap (2nd) |
# Culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

"none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Although it is an Australian External Territory, the culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands has extensive influences from Malaysia and Indonesia.

## Background

Languages, traditions, religious holidays, cuisine and customs have all been heavily influenced by the islands' large Cocos Malay population. Many of these islanders trace their descent from the original planation workers brought to the island by John Clunies-Ross. During much of their habitation, the islands were isolated, leading to the development of a unique culture derived from Malay and Islamic traditions.
When the Islands were fully integrated into Australia in 1984, it was introduced to the customs and culture of Mainland Australia, practiced predominantly by the ethnically European Australians who inhabit West Island.
All Islanders are governed by Australian law. Language, gazetted holidays, education, media and cuisine are also influenced by mainland Australia.

## Art and traditional crafts

The Islands have a strong history of art and traditional crafts influenced by Cocos Malay traditions and Australian surf culture. The Islands' tourism office encourages visitors to try their hand at traditional basket weaving and "learn about traditional jukong (boat) building".

## Museums

On Home Island, residents have established a museum dedicated to the Islands' former copra industry and an art gallery, The Big Barge Art Centre, which sells traditional artworks, modern paintings and photographic works and hosts art workshops for tourists.
The Pulu Cocos Museum was established in 1987, in recognition of the fact that the distinct culture of Home Island needed formal preservation. The site includes the displays on local culture and traditions, as well as the early history of the islands and their ownership by the Clunies-Ross family. The museum also includes displays on military and naval history, as well as local botanical and zoological items.

## Religion

In the 2016 census, 75% of the population was Muslim. Eid AlFitr (at the end of Ramadan) remains the Islands' "biggest event" of the year.
The majority of the remaining population consider themselves non-religious (13.4%) with small Christian including Anglican (3.5%) and Catholic (1.5%). 6.5% of the population chose not to state their religion.

## Holidays

On April 6 of each year, the Islanders celebrate Self-Determination Day, marking the date in which they voted for full integration into Australia.
# Cryptothylax minutus

Cryptothylax minutus is a species of frogs in the family Hyperoliidae found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and possibly the Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests.
# Cryptothele (lichen)

Cryptothele is a genus of lichen within the family Lichinaceae. The genus contains eight species, two of which are found in North America.
# Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial

The women's time trial took place at 13 October 2010 at the Noida Expressway. The race started at 10:30 and covered 29 km.

## Final classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| | Tara Whitten (CAN) | 38:59.30 |
| | Linda Villumsen (NZL) | 39:04.15 |
| | Julia Shaw (ENG) | 39:09.52 |
| 4 | Alexis Rhodes (AUS) | 39:22.54 |
| 5 | Melissa Holt (NZL) | 39:22.96 |
| 6 | Wendy Houvenaghel (NIR) | 39:34.97 |
| 7 | Victoria Whitelaw (AUS) | 40:05.47 |
| 8 | Emma Trott (ENG) | 40:19.52 |
| 9 | Emma Pooley (ENG) | 40:25.22 |
| 10 | Alison Shanks (NZL) | 40:30.71 |
| 11 | Erinne Willock (CAN) | 41:16.46 |
| 12 | Ruth Corset (AUS) | 41:30.88 |
| 13 | Julie Beveridge (CAN) | 41:30.88 |
| 14 | Aurelie Halbwachs (MRI) | 42:16.99 |
| 15 | Heather Wilson (NIR) | 42:48.77 |
| 16 | Pippa Handley (SCO) | 43:28.68 |
| 17 | Sunita Devi (IND) | 44:52.51 |
| 18 | Shalini Zabaneh (BIZ) | 45:18.60 |
| 19 | Ann Bowditch (GUE) | 46:18.32 |
| 20 | Pana Choudhary (IND) | 47:19.15 |
| 21 | Helen Dewvi (IND) | 47:26.23 |
| 22 | Lasanthi Gunathilaka (SRI) | 47:38.26 |
| 23 | Joyce Nyaruri (KEN) | 47:46.36 |
| 24 | Claire Fraser (GUY) | 48:57.17 |
| 25 | Jane Kamau (KEN) | 52:53.25 |
| 26 | Hadijah Najjuko (UGA) | 53:19.19 |
| 27 | Marion Ayebale (UGA) | 54:00.04 |
| 28 | Sharon Kiragu (KEN) | 56:28.85 |
# Cyborg: The Second Book of the Clone Codes

Cyborg: The Second Book of the Clone Codes is a 2011 book by Patricia and Fredrick McKissack. It is the second book in the Clone Codes trilogy and is about Houston Ye, a teen cyborg who, with Leanna (a girl who discovered she is a clone in the first book, The Clone Codes), attempt to obtain civil rights for themselves.

## Reception

A review in the School Library Journal wrote "It's a fast-paced book, sometimes too much so. There is little character development, and the plot takes sudden jumps that makes it difficult to follow." Other reviews were critical, with Library Media Connection writing "Way too much telling, not enough showing.", and Voice of Youth Advocates finding it "didactic and lackluster."
Cyborg has also been reviewed by Kirkus Reviews.
# Cylance Pro Cycling

Cylance Pro Cycling may refer to:
* Cylance Pro Cycling (men's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Continental Circuits
* Cylance Pro Cycling (women's team), a professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Women's World Tour
# Cyperus almensis

Cyperus almensis is a species of sedge that is native to Brazil.
# Cymarin

Cymarin (or cymarine) is a cardiac glycoside. Plants of the genus Apocynum, including Apocynum cannabinum and Apocynum venetum, contain cymarin. Cymarin is a cardiac glycoside and an anti-arrhythmia and cardiotonic agent.
# Cyril Toman

Cyril Toman was a political activist in Northern Ireland.
Toman attended Queen's University Belfast, where he joined the Labour Club, and also the Belfast Willowfield branch of the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP). He visited the Soviet Union as the group's representative in 1964. In 1965 - 66, he edited the Labour Club's Impact journal, and was the President of the Literific, the university's debating society. He also became Chair of the NILP Young Socialists, and joined the revolutionary socialist Irish Workers' Group.
On leaving university, Toman became a schoolteacher in Newtownards. He joined the Young Socialist Alliance, and became a prominent leader of People's Democracy, whose other members included Michael Farrell and Eamonn McCann, contemporaries of his at university. Through the Alliance, he and Farrell were the main promoters of the Belfast to Derry march in 1968 which culminated in the Burntollet Bridge incident.
Toman stood for People's Democracy in Mid Armagh at the 1969 Northern Ireland general election, where he took 27.7% of the vote.
In 1969, he was an organiser of a civil rights march from Belfast to Dublin. At the border customs post, he presented two books which had been condemned by the Roman Catholic Church, The Ginger Man and The Girl With Green Eyes, the first of which was then banned in the Republic of Ireland, to challenge that state's censorship laws. This proved controversial within the movement; Toman was also criticised for organising the march badly. Following Bloody Sunday (1972), he visited Armagh and Dublin to raise support before travelling to attempt to defend Free Derry. Once there, he spoke at public meetings to "keep up morale".
Toman later joined Sinn Féin, and he stood unsuccessfully for the organisation in South Down at the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election. He later moved to Australia.