OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Uranium in Africa

Uranium production is an important part of the African economy, with Niger, Namibia and South Africa creating up to 18% of the world's annual production. Many African countries produce uranium or have untapped uranium ore deposits.

## List
### Algeria

* Tamanrasset

### Angola

* Cabinda Province

### Botswana

* Mokobaesi - Letlhakane Project - A-Cap Resources

### Democratic Republic of the Congo

* Shinkolobwe (closed 2004)

### Gabon

* Franceville - Mounana - closed
* Franceville - Oklo - closed

### Namibia

* Rössing Namib Desert 65 km from Swakopmund - Rio Tinto
* Langer Heinrich Namib Desert 80 km from Swakopmund - Paladin Energy
* Trekkopje - Areva SA

### Niger

* Areva NC currently operates two large mines in the Aïr Mountains of Agadez Region.
** Arlit, Areva NC
** Iferouane, Areva NC
* Imouraren - Areva SA
* Niger-Uranium ltd

### South Africa

* Nufcor, subsidiary of Constellation Energy, which is owned by Goldman Sachs
* Brakpan, Gauteng - Mintails project - AngloGold Ashanti's East Rand Gold and Uranium operation (ERGO) gold and uranium joint venture with DRDGold
* First Uranium, listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange symbol FIU
* Simmer and Jack Mines, listed on Johannesburg Securities Exchange
* sxrUraniumOne (formerly the JSE-listed Aflease Gold) - Dominion project - gold and uranium
# Uranium hexoxide

Uranium hexoxide is an unusual, theoretically possible compound of uranium in which the uranium atom would be attached to six oxygen atoms. Some sources claimed it would be an unprecedented example of an element in the +12 oxidation state; for comparison, the highest known oxidation state is +9 for iridium in the cation IrO$^+$ $_4$. This oxidation state assignment requires participation of 6p electrons of uranium as valence electrons. This assertion was disputed by a later paper, which formulates the octahedral species as O(–I) and U(VI), although it does acknowledge that the question of valence shell expansion of uranium and other actinoids is complex and that the "semi-core" 6p electrons of uranium are involved to a non-negligible extent in the bonding of structures such as octahedral UO$_6$.

## Structure

Uranium hexoxide is predicted to have octahedral symmetry; however, other forms have been studied. In the $^1$O$_h$ the oxygen atoms are oxide ions (O$^{2−}$). In the $^1$D$_3$ form there are three peroxide ions (O$^{2−}$ $_2$). The $^3$D$_{2h}$ form has two oxo oxygens and two pairs of superoxide (O$^−$ $_2$). The octahedral form was calculated to be less energetically favorable than the other geometries though still predicted to be a local energy minimum.
# Ursula Lillig

Ursula Lillig (1938–2004) was a German film and television actress.

## Selected filmography

* Adieu, Prinzessin (1961, TV film)
* Girl from Hong Kong (1961)
# Uska

Uska or USKA can have several meanings:
In organisations:
* Union Schweizerischer Kurzwellen-Amateure
* The United States Karate Association established by Robert Trias in 1948.
In geography:
# Vernon Sharp

Vernon Hibbett Sharp, Jr. (November 30, 1906 – April 5, 1991) was a college football player and coach.

## Early years

Vernon Sharp, Jr. was born in Nashville on November 30, 1906 to Vernon Hibbett Sharp and Lorene Seleney Dandridge. His older brother Alfred Sharp was also a Vanderbilt center.

## Vanderbilt University

He was a prominent center for Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He was in the same class as the quarterback to whom he snapped the ball, College Football Hall of Fame member Bill Spears.

### 1927

Sharp was captain of the 1927 team, which included the nation's leading scorer in running back Jimmy Armistead. Sharp received the second most All-Southern votes of any center, behind Elvin Butcher of Tennessee. Sharp arguably had the better season, but was seen as having been outperformed by Butcher in the Vanderbilt–Tennessee game. Sharp was suffering from a knee injury at the time, including the week before against Georgia Tech and Peter Pund. He was called by coach McGugin the greatest Vandy center since Stein Stone.

## Coaching career

In 1936, he coached Vanderbilt's freshmen team.
# Vestalis gracilis

Vestalis gracilis, is a species of damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is known commonly as the clear-winged forest glory or clear-winged flash-wing. It is native to Southeast Asia and surrounding regions.

## Description

The male and female are similar in size; the male having an abdomen 45 to 46 millimeters long and a hindwing 34 to 38 millimeters long and the female with an abdomen 43 to 50 millimeters long and a hindwing 36 to 39 millimeters long.
The male is iridescent green with a yellow and black underside. It has brown legs and blue-tinged transparent wings. The eyes are dark brown above and greenish yellow below. The female is duller greenish brown in color.

## Habitat

This is a common species across much of its range. It breeds in forest streams, often in disturbed and cultivated areas too. Commonly seen as a group rest among bushes in forest paths and shades together with Vestalis apicalis.

## Subspecies

A subspecies, V. g. montana Fraser, 1934, has been described from Western Ghats of South India. It is now synonymised with V. a. submontana and is considered as a separate species Vestalis submontana.
# Vestal Watches

Vestal was an independent company that marketed watches predicated on image and style, manufactured in Asia.
Vestal sold watches and clothing under its own name and for other brands.
Believed to be out of business as of 2020 according to the BBB (Better Business Bureau).

## History

On September 23, 2002, Vestal officially registered the "Vestal" word mark. In 2004, Vestal opened an international headquarters in Biarritz, France. That same year, Vestal Group, Inc. was incorporated to make watches for other brands, including Paul Frank, Vans and singer Gwen Stefani's Lamb and Harajuku Lovers.
On August 22, 2008, Vestal International, Inc. was incorporated. On August 31, 2008, Vestal Watch, Inc.'s assets were sold to Vestal International, Inc. Vestal International, Inc. is owned and operated by Johnny Gehris.
In 2010, Vestal launched Vestal Vision, a line of eyewear. Vestal also released a Radio iPhone Application called Vestal Radio. This free application streams VestalRadio.com live to your iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch, broadcasting the latest music from Vestal Featured Artists as well as other bands, musicians and DJ’s from around the world. Also airing on Vestal Radio are exclusive interviews, Guest DJ sets & Mixtape shows. Vestal were featured as one of the available clothing brands in the EA Black Box video game Skate 3.

## Celebrity endorsements

Vestal endorses musicians Peaches, Blacklips, Valient Thorr, Warpaint, Amanda Blank, MSTRKRFT, and Shiny Toy Guns.
Jared Champion, drummer for Cage The Elephant wears Vestal watches. Carlos Dengler, former bassist for Interpol and Velvet Revolver bassist Duff McKagan, formerly of Guns N' Roses also wear Vestal watches, along with Juliette Lewis and her band Juliette & The Licks, as well as musicians from bands such as the Eagles of Death Metal and Shiny Toy Guns. In 2007, the Canadian singer-songwriter Peaches posed as a model for a Vestal advertisement, which was featured in The Fader magazine.

## Awards

In 2007 Vestal won the Breakthrough Brand of the Year award by the Surf Industry Manufacturers Association. In 2008, Vestal was nominated for "Men’s Marketing Campaign of the Year".
# Vesterbro

Vesterbro may refer to:
* Vesterbro, Copenhagen, an administrative, statistical, and city tax district (bydele) of Copenhagen, Denmark
* Vesterbro, Aarhus, a neighborhood in the city of Aarhus, Denmark
# Verville-Sperry R-3

The Verville-Sperry R-3 was a cantilever wing racing monoplane with a streamlined fuselage and the second aircraft with fully retractable landing gear, the first being the Dayton-Wright RB-1. In 1961, the R-3 racer was identified as one of the "Twelve Most Significant Aircraft of all Time" by Popular Mechanics magazine. In 1924, an R-3 won the Pulitzer Trophy in Dayton, OH.

## Design and development

The R-3 was designed by Alfred Verville. Its first production was in 1922. The R-3 was developed by the McCook Field Engineering Division and manufactured by the Lawrence Sperry Aircraft Company of Farmingdale, New York. Three aircraft were purchased. The airplanes used cylindrical, finned Lamblin radiators and a 300 hp (224 kW) Wright H-3 engine. The R-3s bore Air Service serial numbers 22-326 to 22-328.

## Operational history

At the 1922 Pulitzer Trophy race, all three R-3's started in the race, but only two finished. Lieutenant Eugene Barksdale finished fifth at around 181 mph (291 km/h). Lieutenant Fonda B. Johnson finished seventh, his engine freezing after landing. And Lieutenant St. Clair Streett broke an oil line and had a forced landing, damaging his airplane.
For the 1923 Pulitzer, a Curtiss D-12 engine was installed in the plane which eliminated some vibration problems that the H-3 engine had. With the new engine the top speed now was approaching 233 mph (375 km/h). That year a Curtiss biplane was the winner. With Orville Wright officially observing from the ground, Lieutenant Alexander Pearson, Jr. flying an R-3 set a 500 km World Speed Record of 167.74 mph (269.95 km/h) over a 10-lap course on March 31, 1923 at Wilbur Wright Field.
For the 1924 Pulitzer, the R-3, piloted by Lieutenant Harry H. Mills, won the race at a slow 215 mph (346 km/h). The ranked entry–a Curtiss biplane–crashed along the course.
After this race, the R-3 racers were sent to the McCook Field Museum.

## Operators
### United States

* United States Army Air Corps
# VEL-101

VEL-101, formerly FR104, is an experimental monovalent, pegylated fab' antibody against CD28. It is developed for transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.
# Verysdale

Verysdale is a part of medieval England which is mentioned in the early ballads of Robin Hood (especially the ballad A Gest of Robyn Hode, in which a friendly knight, Richard at the Lee, befriends the gallant outlaw and later is revealed as the lord or Earl of Verysdale). Verysdale may be entirely fictional, or it may be based upon a real county with some basis in geographical reality, or it may even have been a term used to refer to a real county. Scholars and historians are divided as to this, as well as the exact supposed location of Verysdale.
Some believe the location of Verysdale was somewhere in the Peak District (the ballad would seem to suggest so), although there are many suggestions and theories. Locations in West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire, and Cumbria have all been suggested. One scholar equated Verysdale with Wensleydale whilst another equated it with Kirklees.
Also mentioned in the same ballad was "Uterysdale", which has been identified by some as relating to the village of Lee in the Wyre valley - Wyresdale (Lancashire) and references to Richard de Leghs [Leghe] in Lancashire to one in the village of Woodhouses (since 1974 in Greater Manchester) during the early 13th century. This bears a similarity to the title "Richard at the Lee" who is said to have been the lord of Verysdale.
# Vexillum sitangkaianum

Vexillum sitangkaianum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
# VHS tape rewinder

A VHS tape rewinder is an electronic device used to rewind VHS tapes. Rewinding is necessary because VHS tapes are irreversible: they contain only one audio/video-track intended for playback in one direction.

## History

Much like Beta tape rewinders, VHS tape rewinder devices were created shortly after the production of videotapes and were used for several reasons. One was because VCRs were believed to make kinks in the tapes which could corrupt playback after several rewinds. Another was to free up the VCR for viewing other tapes while the tape was being rewound. Video rental stores like Blockbuster charged a fee for not rewinding returned VHS tapes, and had slogans such as 'Be kind, please rewind'. A rewinder could rewind tapes smoothly and be several times faster. Using a rewinder would also prevent wear and tear on the VCR heads.
In 1993 a video magazine editor surveyed electronics repair experts, asking them, "What is the worst thing you can do to your VCR?" The most common answer was regularly rewinding rented videotapes. Experts advised the use of tape rewinders to save VCR heads from "junk" on rental cassettes.
# Viacava

Viacava is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francisco Viacava (born 1961), Peruvian rower
* Juan Viacava (born 1999), Uruguayan professional footballer
# Viacha Municipality

Viacha Municipality is the first municipal section of the Ingavi Province in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Viacha.

## Division

The municipality is subdivided into seven cantons:
* Chacoma Irpa Grande - 1,247 inhabitants (2001)
* General José Ballivian - 452 inhabitants
* Ichuraya Grande - 332 inhabitants
* Irpuma Irpa Grande - 1,078 inhabitants
* Viacha - 46,596 inhabitants
* Villa Remedios - 1,449 inhabitants
* Villa Santiago de Chacoma - 438 inhabitants

## The people

The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Aymara descent.
| Ethnic group | % |
| Quechua | 2.9 |
| Aymara | 84.4 |
| Guaraní, Chiquitos, Moxos | 0.2 |
| Not indigenous | 12.2 |
| Other indigenous groups | 0.2 |

## Places of interest

Some of the tourist attractions of the municipality are:
* The town of Viacha
* Viriloco lagoon, a small man made lake in Viacha Canton
* Qalachaka bridge in Viacha Canton
* "Virgen de Letanías" Sanctuary in Viacha Canton
* "Pan de Azúcar" mountain in Viacha Canton
* Fields of the Battle of Ingavi in Viacha Canton
# Van Uytvanck

Van Uytvanck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alison Van Uytvanck (born 1994), Belgian tennis player
* Benoît Van Uytvanck (1857–1927), Belgian sculptor
# Valea Verde

Valea Verde may refer to:
* Valea Verde, a village in Grădiniţa Commune, Căuşeni district, Moldova
* Valea Verde, a village in Sohodol Commune, Alba County, Romania
# Valea Tocilelor

The Valea Tocilelor (in its upper course: Tocila Mare) is a right tributary of the river Cibin in Romania. It discharges into the Cibin near Veștem. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi) and its basin size is 19 km$^2$ (7.3 sq mi).
# Vale-class gunboat

The Vale class was a class of five Rendel (or "flat-iron") gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1874 and 1878. Small, nimble vessels, they were armed with a single large calibre muzzle-loading gun for offensive purposes and several small, quick firing guns for self-defence.

## Service history

Shortly before the First World War, the five vessels were rebuilt as minelayers. During this rebuild, the heavy muzzle-loading gun was replaced with a more modern 12 cm breech-loader, and on Nor and Vidar one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with a more potent 47 mm gun. Since the heavy gun and ammunition was removed, these diminutive vessels could carry a useful number of mines.
All vessels were kept in service until the German invasion in 1940 and with the exception of Uller, which was sunk by the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service after capture by the Germans, they all spent the remainder of the war in German hands.
After the Second World War the vessels were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy, and scrapped over the course of the next few years.

## Ships

* HNoMS Vale
* HNoMS Brage
* HNoMS Nor
* HNoMS Uller
* HNoMS Vidar
# Valérie Beauvais

Valérie Beauvais (born 8 March 1963) is a French politician of The Republicans (LR) who represented Marne's 1st constituency in the National Assembly from the 2017 election until 2022.

## Political career

Beauvis succeeded Arnaud Robinet at the 2017 election.
On 21 November 2018, Beauvis was appointed as Shadow Family Minister by Laurent Wauquiez.
She lost her seat in the first round of the 2022 French legislative election.
# Victor Shaw

Victor James Shaw (10 March 1875 – 14 June 1936) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Cressy. In 1925 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Labor member for Bass. He was appointed Labor whip in 1929. He held the seat until his death in 1936.
# Valmiki Nayak

Valmiki Nayak (5 June 1951 – 19 March 2021) was an Indian politician and a former member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Chittapur constituency.

## Personal life

Valmiki Nayak worked at ACC Limited, an Indian cement manufacturer before entering politics. He studied up to Pre University Course. Valmiki Nayak was married to Sona Bai and they have two sons and four daughters together.

## Political life

He began his political career by contesting the Mandal panchayat elections at Wadi in 1986-87. He contested 1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections from Shahabad against Baburao Chavhan and lost by a margin of 7866 votes. Later he was defeated by Mallikarjun Kharge from Chittapur in 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections. Valmiki Nayak was victorious against Priyank M. Kharge (son of Mallikarjun Kharge) in 2009 by-election from Chittapur which was a seat vacated by Mallikarjun Kharge after he was elected to 15th Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament representing Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency. However he lost to Priyank M. Kharge in 2013 and 2018.

## Death

He developed sudden chest pain during morning walk and was rushed to Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research in Gulbarga, where he was declared dead due to cardiac arrest. He was survived by wife, two sons and four daughters. His body was later shifted to his native place i.e., Wadi where it was to be kept for public viewing.
# Veysel Karani–Akşemsettin

Veysel Karani-Akşemsettin is an underground station on the M7 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located on Atatürk Boulevard in the Akşemsettin neighbourhood of Eyüp. It was opened on 28 October 2020.
The M7 line operates as fully automatic unattended train operation (UTO). The station consists of an island platform with two tracks. Since the M7 is an ATO line, protective gates on each side of the platform open only when a train is in the station.

## Station layout

| Z | Enter/Exit ↓ (1–2) | Enter/Exit ↓ (3–4) | |
| B1 | Ticket Hall ↓ | Ticket Hall↓ | ← Underpass |
| B2 | Underpass -2 ↓ | ↓ | |
| B3 | Underpass -3 ↓ | ↓ | |
| B4 | Platform | Platform | |
| Platform level | Westbound | ← toward Mahmutbey (Yeşilpınar) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| Platform level | Eastbound | toward Mecidiyeköy (Çırçır) → |

## Operation information

As of 2021, total length of M7 line is 18 km. The line operates between 06.00 - 00.00 and travel frequency is 6 minutes at peak hour.
# Van der Waals

Van der Waals or Van der Waal may refer to:

## People

* Fransje van der Waals (born 1950), Dutch medical physician
* Grace VanderWaal (born 2004), American singer-songwriter
* Henk van der Waal (born 1960), Dutch poet
* Joan van der Waals (1920–2022), Dutch physicist
* Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923), Dutch physicist
* Anton van der Waals [nl] (1912–1950), Dutch spy, V-mann [nl] in German service during World War II (see Dutch resistance)

## Physics

There are a series of subjects named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals:
* Van der Waals force
* Van der Waals equation
* Van der Waals molecule
* Van der Waals radius
* Van der Waals surface

## Other uses

* Van der Waals (crater), named after the physicist
* Mona Vanderwaal, Pretty Little Liars character
# Vardište

Vardište is a village in the municipality of Breza, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 272, all of which are Bosniaks.
# Vardnili Hydroelectric Power Station

Vardnili Hydro Power Plant Cascade is a cascade of hydropower plants in the Gali Municipality of Georgia. Included in the Cascade of Enguri Hydropower Plants. It consists of four relatively smaller power plants (Vardnil HPP-I, Vardnil HPP-II, Vardnil HPP-III, Vardnil HPP-IV). It is built on the outlet channel of the Enguri Hydro Power Plant, by discharging the main runoff of the Enguri River into the Eristskali riverbed. The total projected installed capacity is 340 MW, and the average annual projected electricity output is 1111 million kWh. The Vardnil HPP-I has 3 turbines with a nominal capacity of 73 MW each having a total capacity of 220 MW.
# Via dei Cessati Spiriti (Rome)

Via dei Cessati Spiriti is a street in Rome (Italy), established as a result of an adjustment of the route of Via Appia Nuova, which took place in the 1940s.

## Name

The new street was entitled "Via dei Cessati Spiriti" by Resolution of the Municipal Council nr. 14 of February 2, 1945, which reads:
«The stretch of Via Appia Nuova which, following the adjustment of the route of the same, has come to form a road in its own right which, departing from Via Appia Nuova itself, almost in front of the Velodrome, and precisely at the street number 618, reaches again Via Appia Nuova at Arco di Travertino.»
The odonimy of Rome describes the name as follows: "From the evildoers and people of ill repute who infested the area".

## History

The area of the Caffarella valley, close to the junction between the Via Latina and the former route of the Via Appia Nuova, had been called delli Spiriti (Italian for "of the Spirits") since the 16th century, due to unpleasant nighttime meetings. It is said, in fact, that many wanderers stopped with their carriage and horse to eat and rest in an old tavern that was there; when they left the tavern, both carriage and horse had disappeared. Since nobody could ever see who carried out these thefts, and because of the noises that were heard at night, the responsibility was attributed to the spirits that haunted the valley.
The legend survived until 19th century when, to chase away such 'spirits', a statuette of the Madonna was placed on the front of a building. The end of the thefts of carriages and horses generated the rumor that the spirits had 'ceased', so that a tavern of the place took the name of Osteria dei Cessati Spiriti ("Tavern of the Ceased Spirits").
On July 2, 1910, Adriano Bennicelli – a Roman nobleman who lived between 1860 and 1925 and was nicknamed il Conte Tacchia – called an electoral rally at the Osteria dei Cessati Spiriti, by putting up a large number of posters, after having decided to run for the elections for the Chamber of Deputies in the lists of the Liberal Party. However, the rally had little response and the low number of votes did not allow him to be elected.

### Fonderie Bruni

In 1890 – as attested by the marble plaque above the abreuvoir – the Bruni company moved to the street from its former headquarters in Via Tiburtina: the firm operated in the casting of statues until its shutdown in 1965. The abandoned and damaged building, in need of maintenance and with no intended use, appeared as a ruin of industrial archeology in danger of collapse until the end of 2018; during 2019, the two buildings of the complex saw the start of the restoration and renovation works, aimed at the construction of lofts and apartments.

## In popular culture

The road appears in Fellini's film La Dolce Vita, in the scene in which Marcello and Maddalena take the prostitute Ninni to her house by car.

## Transports

Metro stop (Colli Albani, line A)
# Via dei Volsci

Via dei Volsci is a street in Rome located in the Quartiere San Lorenzo. It is to the south and runs parallel to Via Tiburtina. It also links Porta Tiburtina with the Campo Verano cemetery.

## Left Wing history

The street has long had a reputation for being a centre for left-wing agitation and organisation. It gave its name to I Volsci the autonomist magazine.
* No. 32 Headquarters of the Rome section of Autonomia Operaia in the 1970s. It is currently a social centre.
* No. 56 Radio Onda Rossa started broadcasting from here in 1977.