OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anne-Marie Staub

Anne-Marie Staub (13 November 1914 – 30 December 2012) was a French biochemist who spent most of her career at the Institut Pasteur. She is most known for her work in antihistamines, serology and immunology including her research on Salmonella and tyvelose.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Anne-Marie Staub was born on 13 November 1914 in Pont-Audemer, France into a Pasteurian family: Louis Pasteur was the witness to her grandfather's wedding, and her father André Staub was a researcher in the Institut Pasteur. As a child she learned to read and write from her mother before completing her education at the Ecole Normale catholique where she obtained her baccalaureate.
She earned her degrees in general mathematics, chemistry and general physics, physiology and biochemistry from the Sorbonne. She later added to her education by attending microbiology courses at the Institut Pasteur from 1935 to 1936, before joining the institute to work on her PhD thesis.

### Work and research

While conducting research at the Institut Pasteur in 1937, she worked for Daniel Bovet and her first published works led to the discovery of antihistamines. This discovery was the basis of the Nobel Prize that would be awarded to Bovet in 1957. The molecules that she developed were still too toxic to be successfully used but they are the basis for the research that followed.
In 1940 she started working on a vaccine for anthrax. From 1941 to 1946 she worked with the B. anthracis antigens and successfully injected a sheep with a vaccine for the bacteria. During this time she also taught French, German and first aid to soldiers engaged in World War II. From 1947 to 1948 she received funding from the Medical Research Council and went to works at the Lister Institute in the laboratories of Paul Fildes and Gareth Gladstone. Then, from 1955 to 1975, in collaboration with O. Lüderitz and O. Wespthal, researchers at the Max Planck Institute, she took part in research on antigens of Salmonella. It was during this time that she identified tyvelose as a component of the O-antigen of Salmonella. In 1953 she as promoted to head of laboratory in the vaccine department of the Institut Pasteur and in 1967 she became head of the Bacterial Antigen unit. She co-directed the immunology course from 1960 to 1974 and became a professor in 1970.
Throughout her career she published many articles about her research, often in collaboration with D. Bovet and O. Westphal.

### Retirement and death

Anne-Marie Staub retired in 1977 and joined a Christian movement called Vie Montante. She spent most of her time reading for the blind and visiting patients in hospitals. Staub died on 30 December 2012 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.

## Awards

* 1969 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
* 1973 Knight of the Légion d'Honeur
* 1993 Honorary member of the International Endotoxin and Innate Immunity Society
# Monacillo Urbano, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Monacillo Urbano is one of 18 barrios in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The barrio was originally part of Monacillo. In 2010, it had a population of 22,342 living in a land area of 3.23 square miles (8.68 km$^2$). Monacillo Urbano is surrounded by Gobernador Piñero barrio to the north, El Cinco barrio to the east, Monacillo barrio to the south, and the municipality of Guaynabo to the west.
# 104th Division (2nd Formation) (People's Republic of China)

The 104th Division(Chinese: 第104师)(2nd Formation) was activated on February 26, 1951 from 6th Military Sub-district. The division was composed of:
* 310th Infantry Regiment (former 6th Security Regiment of Zhejiang Military District);
* 311th Infantry Regiment (local forces from 6th Military Sub-district);
* 312th Infantry Regiment (former 7th Security Regiment of Zhejiang Military District).
In May 1952 the division was reorganized as 6th Building Construction Division (Chinese: 建筑工程第6师), all its regiments were redesignated as follow:
* 16th Building Construction Regiment (former 310th Infantry);
* 17th Building Construction Regiment (former 311th Infantry);
* 18th Building Construction Regiment (former 312th Infantry).
In 1953 the division was reorganized as 3rd Building Construction Corporation of Eastern China(Chinese: 华东建筑工程第三公司).
In 1955 the corporation moved to Xi'an and renamed as 3rd Building Construction Corporation of Northeast(Chinese: 西北建筑工程第三公司). In the same year the corporation was merged into 3rd Sanitary Facility Installation Corporation(Chinese: 第三卫生设备安装公司).
In April 1955 the corporation was demobilized.
# Hedgehope Hill

Hedgehope Hill is a mountain in the Cheviot Hills of north Northumberland in northeast England, and categorised as a Hewitt. It is the second-highest mountain in the area after The Cheviot itself.
At a height of 714 metres (2,343 ft) and a distance of about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the Scottish border, it is best climbed from Langleeford in the Harthope Valley, over which it looms. The Harthope valley is accessible by a minor road from near Wooler to the northeast. A slightly gentler climb, though a longer distance, is from Linhope in the Breamish valley, approaching from the south east. An alternative route to the summit could involve a long day's climb of both the Cheviot and Hedgehope Hill, starting and finishing at Langleeford. It is a steep climb from any approach, best reserved for fitter walkers though the steepest inclines are not long in distance.
Hedgehope has steeper sides than the taller but flatter-topped Cheviot and affords excellent views on all sides. On a clear day, views stretch to Blyth down the coastline up to 40 miles (60 km) away. Conversely, the mountain can be viewed on a clear day from most areas of Northumberland and even as far south as central County Durham.
* Hedgehope Hill from Scald Hill
* Hedgehope above Fenton Wood
# Alan Gelperin

Dr. Alan Gelperin is a scientist and biologist currently at Princeton University. He is an emeritus faculty member at Monell Chemical Senses Center. He specializes in electronic olfaction and computational neuroscience. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Carleton College in 1962 and went on to get a Ph.D. from University of Pennsylvania.
He is most notable for his efforts in creating robots with electronic noses which can localize odors, and for the invention of a supermarket fruit and vegetable scanner that does not use barcodes but instead scans by scent.
# Minamishigachō temple ruins

The Minamishigachō temple ruins (南滋賀町廃寺跡, Minamishigachō Haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Minamishiga neighborhood of the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1957.

## Overview

The Minamishigachō temple site consists of some traces of building foundations arranged in a format similar to Kawara-dera in Asuka, Nara. Although much of then site is covered by modern buildings, archaeological excavations indicate that it covered an area 310 meters square. The temple had a pagoda in the east and a small Kondō in the west, with a main Kondō and a Lecture Hall in a line to the north. The Kondō and Middle Gate were connected with a cloister which formed a courtyard surrounding the pagoda and small Kondō, where as the Lecture Hall was also in the middle of a courtyard surrounded on three sides by monk's quarters. The roof tiles found are slightly larger than though found at Kawara-dera, but have the same compound lotus flower motif used at that time, and other temples from the Hakuho period. These tiles were fired at the climbing kiln of the Hannokihara ruins, which is about 200 meters west of the ruins of this abandoned temple. The site is roughly contemporary with the Ōmi Ōtsu Palace, but does not appear in any historical documentation, and even the name of the temple is unknown. It is believed to have survived into the Heian period. The site, which was backfilled after excavation, is located about a five-minute walk from the Minami-Shiga Station on the Keihan Electric Railway Ishiyama Sakamoto Line.
The southeastern side of the temple site is preserved as a park, with information placards. The park contains some foundation stones for the cloister and one of the monk's residences in situ, as well as the central foundation stone for the pagoda, which was relocated to the park after being discovered in the garden of a nearby private house in 1933. This pagoda foundation is a granite block 1.5 by 1.8 meters, with a central hole with a diameter of 21.2 cm and depth of 18.2 cm. From the size of this foundation stone, it is estimated that the pagoda had a height of around 30 meters, indicating the large scale of this temple when originally completed.
# Alicja Łepkowska-Gołaś

Alicja Łepkowska-Gołaś (Born 1 January 1983 in Łomża) is a Polish politician, local government official and social activist and member of the Sejm of the 10th term.

## Biography

In 2009, she obtained a bachelor's degree in public administration from the Higher School of Public Administration in Ostrołęka, and in 2012 a master's degree in human resources management. She started working at the City Hall in Łomża. For ten years, she ran a day care center for refugee children in that city.
She joined the Civic Platform, becoming vice-chair of the party's structures in Łomża. On behalf of the Civic Coalition, she unsuccessfully ran for councilor of Łomża in 2018 and for MP in 2019.
In the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, she ran for the Sejm from the second place on the Civic Platform list in for the Białystok electoral district. she won the mandate of MP of the 10th term, receiving 13,511 votes. In 2024, on behalf of this coalition, she unsuccessfully ran for the European Parliament from district no. 3 (she received 6,198 votes).
# Max Karoubi

Max Karoubi (French:) is a French mathematician, topologist, who works on K-theory, cyclic homology and noncommutative geometry and who founded the first European Congress of Mathematics.
In 1967, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics (Doctorat d'État) from the University of Paris, under the supervision of Henri Cartan and Alexander Grothendieck.
In 1973, he was nominated full professor at the University of Paris 7-Denis Diderot until 2007. He is now an emeritus professor there. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Karoubi has supervised 12 Ph.D. students, including Jean-Louis Loday and Christophe Soulé.
# NDSF

NDSF may mean:
* Nano differential scanning fluorimetry
* National Defense Sealift Fund, a U.S. Navy budget appropriation; see USS Lewis B. Puller (ESB-3) § Construction
* National Development and Social Fund, a citizenship scheme funded largely by Maltese passport fees
* National Diploma of the Society of Floristry
* Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival
# Acaricomes phytoseiuli

Acaricomes phytoseiuli is a bacterium which is thought to be a pathogen of the mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. A. phytoseiuli causes a set of symptoms in the mite, known as nonresponding syndrome or NR syndrome. Dramatic changes in longevity, fecundity, and behavior are characteristic with this disease. The bacteria accumulate in the lumen of the mite's digestive tract and cause extreme degeneration of its epithelium. Infection with A. phytoseiuli greatly reduces the mite's attraction to herbivore-induced plant volatiles, and the mite is more prone to leave patches with ample prey. The disease is transmitted horizontally by means of feces and debris. The strain that was isolated was “CSC” (=DSM 14247T=CCUG 49701T). Differences between strain CSC compared to its closest phylogenetic neighbors are as follows: CSC uses glucose-1-phosphate and L-glutamic acid, and its colonies are more yellow in appearance as compared to its phylogenetic neighbors which are more cream/white in color.

## Cell morphology

Using a phase-contrast microscope, cells appear as small, short rods, 0.5-0.8 x 1.0-1.5 μm in size. Optimal growth temperature for this organism is 25 °C, with growth observed within the temperature range 15- 30 °C. To the naked eye, on a TSA plate, colonies appear smooth, circular, yellowish, and 1–2 mm in diameter. Growth can occur at pH values ranging from 6.0 to 9.5, with an optimal range of 6.0 to 8.0. A. phytoseiuli tests negative for the Oxidase reaction, but catalase activity is detectable. Trypticase soy agar (TSA) or trypticase soy broth (TSB) are the appropriate growth media for this organism. G+C content is 57.7%. Acaricomes phytoseiuli is a Gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile and non-spore-forming organism. Its peptidoglycan consists of the amino acids lysine, alanine, and glutamic acid in the respective ratios: 1.0:4.9:1.0. Cell wall sugars consist of galactose and glucose. The main fatty acids determined in this organism include 12-methyltetradecanoic acid and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid.

## Genetics

Initial 16S rRNA and fatty acid analyses show that the CSC strain was related to the genus Arthrobacter. However, subsequent phylogenetic analysis of strain CSC, various Arthrobacter isolates, and other strains related to CSC revealed an identity with Arthroboacter of only 94.8%. This finding indicated that the strain CSC was a new species in a new genus.

## History

Acaricomes phytoseiuli was originally isolated in the Netherlands from a diseased, surface-sterilized specimen of a female Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot mite.

## Nomenclature

The etymology of the genus is N.L. masc. pl. n. acari, the mites; L. masc. n. comes, companion; N.L. masc. n. Acaricomes, companion of mites. The etymology of the species is N.L. gen. masc. n. phytoseiuli, of Phytoseiulus, the nomenclatural genus name of the host mite.)
# Mokichi Saitō

Mokichi Saitō (斎藤 茂吉, Saitō Mokichi, May 14, 1882 – February 25, 1953) was a Japanese poet of the Taishō period, a member of the Araragi school of tanka, and a psychiatrist.
Mokichi was born in the village of Kanakame, now part of Kaminoyama, Yamagata in 1882. He attended Tokyo Imperial University Medical School and, upon graduation in 1911, joined the staff of Sugamo Hospital (present-day Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital) where he began his study of psychiatry. He later directed Aoyama Hospital, a psychiatric facility.
Mokichi studied tanka under Itō Sachio, a disciple of Masaoka Shiki and leader, after his master's death, of the Negishi Tanka Society; Sachio also edited the society's official journal Ashibi. This magazine, due to Sachio's increasing commitment to other literary activities, was subsequently replaced by Araragi in 1908. The publication in 1913 of Mokichi's first collection of tanka, Shakkō ("Red Light") was an immediate sensation with the broader public. The first edition collected the poet's work from the years 1905-1913 and included 50 tanka sequences (rensaku), with the autobiographical "My Mother is Dying" (死にたまふ母, Shinitamafuhaha) being perhaps the most celebrated sequence in the book.
Mokichi's career as a poet spanned almost 50 years. At the time of his death at the age of 70, he had published seventeen poetry collections which include "14,200 or so poems," the collected works being overwhelmingly devoted to tanka. In 1950 he received the inaugural Yomiuri Prize for poetry. He received the Order of Culture in 1951.
Mokichi was the family doctor of author Ryūnosuke Akutagawa and may have unknowingly played an indirect role in the latter's suicide. He also wrote philological essays on waka of Kakinomoto no Hitomaro and of Minamoto no Sanetomo.
# Ammotrophus arachnoides

Ammotrophus arachnoides is a species of sand dollar of the family Arachnoididea. Their external skeleton, known as a test, is covered with spines. It belongs to the genus Ammotrophus and lives in the sea off southern Australia. Ammotrophus arachnoides was first scientifically described in 1938 by Hubert Clark.
# Balde (fly)

Balde is a genus of tachinid flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Balde striatum Rice, 2005

## Distribution

Tasmania.
# Guttural toad

The African common toad or guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Réunion, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, temperate shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, intermittent rivers, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, and canals and ditches.

## Description

The guttural toad is a large species with males growing to a snout-to-vent length of up to 90 mm (3.5 in) and females 120 mm (4.7 in). The upper surface is buffish brown with variable irregular dark brown markings. There are two pairs of brown spots between the eyes making a cross-like mark, and there is often a pale stripe down the spine. The arms are edged by distinctive white tubercles and there is a red patch on the back of the thighs. The underparts are pale and granular and the male has a dark throat. The parotid glands are prominent and the toes are only slightly webbed.

## Biology

Males call throughout the year but the main period for breeding is October and November. The sound is a guttural "snore" repeated at intervals of about three seconds. The males call from the surface of permanent water bodies and large congregations can take place, making a "chorus". The eggs are laid in double strings which may be wound around submerged vegetation. The tadpoles develop for about 75 days before undergoing metamorphosis. They may be so numerous leaving the ponds as to carpet the ground and many are eaten by predators.

## Conservation status

The guttural toad is very common. It is spreading through southern Africa as its population increases. It can live in a variety of environments, and is very adaptable. It has no major predators and does not suffer much from habitat loss.
# Algeria at the 2019 Summer Universiade

Algeria competed at the 2019 Summer Universiade in Naples, Italy held from 3 to 14 July 2019. The country won one gold medal, in athletics.
Since 1963, Algeria has taken part at every Summer World University Games with the exception of 1977 Summer Universiade in Sofia and the 1987 Summer Universiade in Zagreb because of the African boycott.

## Medal summary
### Medal by sports

Medals by sport :
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Mohamed Belbachir | Athletics | Men's 800 metres | July 13 |
# Augustus B. Wolvin

Augustus Benjamin Wolvin (1857-1932) was an American shipping magnate. He founded several Great Lakes shipping firms.
Wolvin's father was a ships' captain on the Great Lakes, and started serving on his father's vessels when he was ten years old. Wolvin became a ships' captain himself, when he was 21 years old. One of the vessels he commanded was the Dean Richmond. Wolvin's parents died in 1883, when he was 26. He and his wife took over raising his younger siblings and he retired from serving as a captain, and worked as a produce merchant in Pecatonica. In 1888, when his younger siblings were on their own, he and his wife moved to Duluth, Minnesota, where he founded LaSalle and Wolvin a shipping agent firm.
In 1995 Wolvin was encouraged by James Henry Hoyt a representative of American Steel and Wire Company encouraged Wolvin to use his experience in shipping to assemble and manage a fleet of vessels to serve the mining industry. Wolvin was the founding President of the Empire Transportation Company, and Hoyt was the founding Secretary. Its first vessel was the W.H. Gilbert. Wolvin founded the Zenith Transit Company. His firm built the Zenith City, Victory, Empire City, Crescent City and Superior City.
In 1896 Wolvin and other Duluth business men acquired the financially troubled Inman Towing Company.
# Alick-Maud Pledge

Alick-Maud Pledge (1893–1949) was an English folk dance and gymnastics teacher in France.

## Early life

Alick-Maud Pledge (sometimes written as Maud Alick Pledge) was born in London.

## Career in France

Pledge moved to France in 1926 following the call of Jaques-Dalcroze, but became soon independent. In the New Education movement, she created the French associations Education and Movement and Friends of the Popular Dance. She popularized the Chapelloise, a folk dance, in France. She influenced Marcelle Albert, Marinette Aristow-Journoud and Jean-Michel Guilcher who carried on with teaching folk dances in France.

## Personal life

Pledge died in 1949, in her mid-fifties. Her gravesite is in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
# Antaeotricha iopetra

Antaeotricha iopetra is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Guatemala.
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The hindwings are dark grey.
# NDR kinase

NDR (nuclear dbf2-related) kinases, are an ancient and highly conserved subclass of AGC protein kinases that control diverse processes related to cell morphogenesis, proliferation, and mitotic events.

## Function and medical relevance

Like most AGC kinases, the NDR kinase subclass is activated by phosphorylation of a conserved serine or threonine in an activation region C-terminal to the kinase catalytic domain. The NDR kinases are distinguished by an apparently functionally essential binding of MOB co-activator proteins that are also widely present in eukaryotes. Most NDR kinase catalytic domains also contain an extended insert region that may function as an auto-inhibitory element. The NDR kinase family can be further divided into two subgroups, the Ndr family and the Wts/Lats family. Humans have four NDR kinases: Ndr1 (or STK38), Ndr2 (or STK38L), Lats1 (large tumor suppressor-1) and Lats2. In animals these kinases have reported roles in the regulation of diverse processes, including cell proliferation control, activity of proto-oncogenic proteins, apoptosis, centrosome duplication, and organization of neuronal dendrites.
In unicellular eukaryotes, Ndr kinases play important roles in the control of the cell cycle and morphogenesis. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an organism amenable for the study of cell morphogenesis, the Ndr kinase Orb6 has a role in cell polarity and morphogenesis control in part by the regulation of small Rho-type GTPase Cdc42. Specifically, Orb6 kinase spatially restricts Cdc42 activation to be at the polarized tips of a cell, causing the Cdc42-dependent formins, For3 (an F-actin cable polymerization factor), to also be activated at the cell tips, ensuring proper cell growth and polarization. Upon loss of Orb6 kinase function, cells fail to maintain a polarized cell shape and become round.
# Matthew Whitaker (disambiguation)

Matthew Whitaker (born 1969) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the Acting US Attorney General from November 2018 to February 2019.
Matthew Whitaker may also refer to:
* Matthew Whitaker (pianist) (born 2001), American jazz pianist
* Matthew C. Whitaker, American historian
# Ambohimasina, Betafo

Ambohimasina is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Betafo, which is a part of Vakinankaratra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 24,352 in 2018.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 85% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 15% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans and maize.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
19°39′S 46°44′E﻿ / ﻿19.650°S 46.733°E﻿ / -19.650; 46.733
* This Vakinankaratra location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e