# Elections in Colombia

Elections in Colombia are regulated and controlled by the National Electoral Council which provides information on elections and election results in for the politics of Colombia.
Colombia elects on national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Congress' (Congreso) has two chambers. The House of Representatives (Cámara de Representantes) has 162 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Senate of the Republic (Senado de la República) has 102 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.
Colombia used to have a two-party system, in which it could be difficult for third parties to find success. Politicians from the two main parties tended to win elections when not confronted by strong challengers from their own party (in which cases their traditional opponents tend to win).
Since the implementation of the 1991 constitution however, there has been a proliferation of 3rd parties which have won most recent elections.
Electoral fraud, bribery, and other scandals that occur at both municipal and national levels are part of Colombia's corruption problem.

## Schedule
### Election

| Position | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| Type | Presidential (May) Congress (March) | Local (October) | None | None | Presidential (May) Congress (March) |
| President and vice president | President and vice president | None | None | None | President and vice president |
| Congress | All seats | None | None | None | All seats |
| Local | None | All positions | None | None | None |

### Inauguration

| Position | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| Type | Presidential Congress | None | Local | None | Presidential Congress |
| President and vice president | 7 August | None | None | None | August 7 |
| Congress | 20 July | None | None | None | July 20 |
| Local | None | None | January 1 | None | None |

## Latest elections
### 2018 Presidential election

| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic Center | Iván Duque | 4,044,509 | 67.76% |
| | Independent | Marta Lucía Ramírez | 1,538,882 | 25.78% |
| | La Patria de Pie | Alejandro Ordóñez | 385,110 | 6.45% |
| Source: Semana ||||||
Duque won the nomination, and following his victory, he selected the runner-up, Ramírez, to be the alliance's vice presidential nominee.

### 2018 Parliamentary election
#### House of Representatives

Seats :
| | Colombian Liberal Party | 2,447,298 | 16.53 | 35 |
| | Democratic Center | 2,380,290 | 16.08 | 32 |
| | Radical Change | 2,141,108 | 14.47 | 30 |
| | Social Party of National Unity | 1,824,570 | 12.33 | 25 |
| | Colombian Conservative Party | 1,802,894 | 12.18 | 21 |
| | Green Alliance | 880,354 | 5.95 | 9 |
| | Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation | 576,998 | 3.90 | 1 |
| | Alternative Democratic Pole | 438,283 | 2.96 | 2 |
| | Citizen Option | 307,478 | 2.08 | 2 |
| | List of Decency Coalition (ASI–UP–MAIS) | 260,712 | 1.76 | 2 |
| | Colombia Justa Libres | 191,109 | 1.29 | 1 |
| | AV–PDA | 173,706 | 1.17 | 0 |
| | Partido Somos | 159,967 | 1.08 | 0 |
| | Independent Social Alliance Movement | 109,258 | 0.74 | 0 |
| | Alternative Santandereana Coalition (AV–PDA–ASI) | 70,502 | 0.48 | 1 |
| | List of Decency Coalition (UP–MAIS) | 48,318 | 0.33 | 0 |
| | Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement | 43,776 | 0.30 | 1 |
| | Patriotic Union | 42,114 | 0.28 | 0 |
| | Common Alternative Revolutionary Force | 33,951 | 0.23 | 5 |
| | AV–PDA–UP | 17,732 | 0.12 | 0 |
| | Todos Somos Colombia | 16,271 | 0.11 | 0 |
| | Indigenous Authorities of Colombia | 11,082 | 0.07 | 0 |
| | ASI–AV–UP | 4,902 | 0.03 | 0 |
| | Regional Integration Movement | 3,123 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Vice-presidential runner-up | Vice-presidential runner-up | | | 1 |
| Vacant | Vacant | | | 1 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 815,502 | 5.51 | – |
| Total | Total | 14,801,298 | 100.00 | 169 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 14,801,298 | 86.95 | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 2,222,411 | 13.05 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 17,023,709 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 36,025,318 | 47.25 | |
| Afro-Colombian seats |||||
| | C.C. Ancestral De Comunidades Negras Playa Renaciente | 32,243 | 8.12 | 1 |
| | Consejo Comunitario La Mamuncia | 25,428 | 6.40 | 1 |
| | C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Plata Bahía Málaga | 17,477 | 4.40 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Del Rio Yurumangui | 14,048 | 3.54 | 0 |
| | C.C. De Comun. Negras Palenque Vda. Las Trescientas Y Mun. Galapa | 13,122 | 3.30 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Mayor De Certegui | 11,340 | 2.86 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario De Alejandro Duran Diaz | 8,604 | 2.17 | 0 |
| | Todos Somos Colombia | 7,578 | 1.91 | 0 |
| | Corporación Poder Ciudadano | 7,048 | 1.78 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Renacer Negro | 6,414 | 1.62 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Bocas Del Atrato Y Leoncito | 4,219 | 1.06 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Ma Kankamana De San Basilio De Palenque | 4,179 | 1.05 | 0 |
| | C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Calle Larga Rio Dagua | 3,539 | 0.89 | 0 |
| | C.C. De Los Corregimientos De San Antonio Y El Castillo | 3,437 | 0.87 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Los Andes | 3,391 | 0.85 | 0 |
| | C. C. De La Comun. Negra De Tierra Baja Mi Territorio Ancestral | 3,325 | 0.84 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Veredas Unidas Un Bien Común | 3,201 | 0.81 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Imbilpi Del Carmen | 2,711 | 0.68 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario De La Comunidad Negra De Limones | 2,618 | 0.66 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario Tablon Salado | 2,225 | 0.56 | 0 |
| | Fund. Afrocolombiana Liberal De Desarrollo Social (Afrocodes) | 2,162 | 0.54 | 0 |
| | Kusuto Magende Cokumalu De Luruaco | 2,136 | 0.54 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario De Las Baras | 1,989 | 0.50 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Obatala | 1,766 | 0.44 | 0 |
| | Cuenca Del Rio Iscuande | 1,667 | 0.42 | 0 |
| | Org. Social De Comunidades Negras "Nelson Mandela" | 1,619 | 0.41 | 0 |
| | Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Santo Domingo | 1,505 | 0.38 | 0 |
| | C.C. General Del Río Baudó Y Sus Afluentes "Acaba" | 1,428 | 0.36 | 0 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 206,635 | 52.04 | – |
| Total | Total | 397,054 | 100.00 | 2 |
| Indigenous seat |||||
| | Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement | 99,182 | 25.68 | 1 |
| | Indigenous Authorities of Colombia | 45,358 | 11.75 | 0 |
| | ANICOL | 4,409 | 1.14 | 0 |
| | UAIZSACOR | 4,156 | 1.08 | 0 |
| | Taita Zipa Foundation | 2,610 | 0.68 | 0 |
| | Casiyouren Traditional Authority | 1,946 | 0.50 | 0 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 228,488 | 59.17 | – |
| Total | Total | 386,149 | 100.00 | 1 |
| Source: MOE, MOE |||||

#### Senate

Seats :
| | Democratic Center | 2,501,995 | 16.39 | 19 |
| | Radical Change | 2,142,040 | 14.03 | 16 |
| | Colombian Conservative Party | 1,931,140 | 12.65 | 14 |
| | Colombian Liberal Party | 1,886,895 | 12.36 | 14 |
| | Social Party of National Unity | 1,844,847 | 12.08 | 14 |
| | Green Alliance | 1,308,208 | 8.57 | 9 |
| | Alternative Democratic Pole | 722,987 | 4.74 | 5 |
| | List of Decency Coalition (ASI–UP–MAIS) | 519,262 | 3.40 | 3 |
| | Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation | 495,506 | 3.25 | 3 |
| | Colombia Justa Libres | 463,521 | 3.04 | 3 |
| | Citizen Option | 346,398 | 2.27 | 0 |
| | Partido Somos | 102,969 | 0.67 | 0 |
| | Todos Somos Colombia | 57,465 | 0.38 | 0 |
| | Common Alternative Revolutionary Force | 55,400 | 0.36 | 5 |
| | Union for Fortaleza | 34,275 | 0.22 | 0 |
| | Si Se Puede | 13,196 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Presidential election runner-up | Presidential election runner-up | | | 1 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 841,212 | 5.51 | – |
| Total | Total | 15,267,316 | 100.00 | 106 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 15,267,316 | 88.31 | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 2,021,188 | 11.69 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 17,288,504 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 36,025,318 | 47.99 | |
| Indigenous seats |||||
| | Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement | 74,023 | 14.63 | 1 |
| | Indigenous Authorities of Colombia | 38,633 | 7.64 | 1 |
| | Independent Social Alliance Movement | 23,372 | 4.62 | 0 |
| | Political Sovereignty Movement | 15,927 | 3.15 | 0 |
| | Casiyouren Traditional Authority | 4,961 | 0.98 | 0 |
| | Ethnic Renovation of Colombia | 4,567 | 0.90 | 0 |
| | Indigenous Environmental Movement | 2,254 | 0.45 | 0 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 342,080 | 67.63 | – |
| Total | Total | 505,817 | 100.00 | 2 |
| Source: El Mundo, MOE |||||