OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dryden Township, Sibley County, Minnesota

Dryden Township is a township in Sibley County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 301 at the 2020 census.

## History

Dryden Township was originally called Williamstown Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1858. The present name is after John Dryden, an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.6 square miles (90 km$^2$); 32.9 square miles (85 km$^2$) is land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km$^2$) (4.86%) is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 280 people, 107 households and 86 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.5 per square mile (3.3/km$^2$). There were 109 housing units at an average density of 3.3/sq mi (1.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.57% White, 1.43% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.43% of the population.
There were 107 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.9% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.6% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 2.95.
24.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.
The median household income was $43,750 and the median family income was $47,000. Males had a median income of $22,188 compared with $19,063 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,527. About 9.2% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.6% of those 65 or over.
# Cal Poly Pomona College of Education and Integrative Studies

The College of Education and Integrative Studies (CEIS) at Cal Poly Pomona has four departments.

## Admissions

First-Time Freshmen Profile :
| | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| Enrollment | 85 | 85 | 89 | 81 | 49 | 68 | 35 | 52 | 79 |
| Average GPA | 3.00 | 3.22 | 3.16 | 3.22 | 3.25 | 3.41 | 3.29 | 3.24 | 3.16 |
| Average SAT | 800 | 927 | 906 | 986 | 955 | 979 | 987 | 949 | 966 |
# Calamagrostis bolanderi

Calamagrostis bolanderi is a species of grass known by the common name Bolander's reedgrass. It is endemic to northern California, where it grows in moist coastal habitat such as temperate coniferous forest, wet meadows and bogs, and coastal scrub.

## Description

This is a perennial grass growing to heights between 0.5 and 1.5 meters, each erect stem generally with four nodes. It has flat leaves and open, spreading inflorescences of very small spikelets. Each spikelet is made up of one floret surrounded by a v-shaped pair of smooth bracts.
# Dressing Up for the Carnival

Dressing Up for the Carnival is a short story collection published in 2000 by Canadian author Carol Shields, which depicts 12 characters who live their lives through illusions. The Carnival is a metaphor for life, and "dressing up" represents the stigmas each of the characters try to fit into.

## Characters

Characters are listed in order of appearance:
* Tamara loves dressing up. She is a clerk-receptionist for the Youth Employment Bureau where she lives.
* Roger is 30 years old, and is of medium height. He is described to us as a burly divorcee. Roger is employed by the Gas Board in the place where he lives. In the story he is described as holding a mango and going to work, and while he is doing so, he is creating symbols.
* Sisters Karen and Sue Borden arrived back in town approximately a month ago from their skiing trip in Happy Valley. The Borden sisters both look and express the fact that they have recently been skiing. Much attention in this story is paid to the tags on the Borden sisters jackets that read: "I SKIED HAPPY MOUNTAIN".
* Wanda, an awkward woman who works at a bank under the supervision of Mr. Wishcourt, the bank manager. Mr. Wishcourt has recently had a baby boy, for whom he buys a baby carriage. Mr. Wishcourt asks Wanda to take the baby carriage to his house during work, because it will not fit in the back of his car. Wanda agrees, and while she is taking the carriage to Mr. Wishcourt's house, she feels as if she and the carriage are a single entity.
# 32nd Golden Horse Awards

The 32nd Golden Horse Awards (Mandarin:第32屆金馬獎) took place on December 9, 1995, at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
| Best Feature Film Summer Snow Good Men, Good Women Siao Yu Daughter-in-Law Super Citizen Ko Tropical Fish | Best Documentary no winner Dudu Wu, the Story of Lanyu Scops Owl |
| Best Animation Post Human |
| Best Director Hou Hsiao-hsien — Good Men, Good Women Ann Hui — Summer Snow Wan Jen — Super Citizen Ko Chen Yu-hsun — Tropical Fish | Best Leading Actor Lin Yang — Super Citizen Ko Roy Chiao — Summer Snow Tony Leung Ka-fai — Evening Liaison Lee Li-chun — Daughter-in-Law |
| Best Leading Actress Josephine Siao — Summer Snow Gua Ah-leh — Maiden Rose Rene Liu — Siao Yu Annie Yi — Good Men, Good Women | Best Supporting Actor Law Kar-ying — Summer Snow Kuo Tzu-chien — Daughter-in-Law Lin Cheng-sheng — Tropical Fish Jacky Cheung — High Risk |
| Best Supporting Actress Wern Ying — Tropical Fish Law Koon-lan — Summer Snow Jaclyn Chu — Formosa Sisters Su Ming-ming — Super Citizen Ko |
| Audience Choice Award Summer Snow | Mainland Chinese Filmmaker Award Jet Li |
| Lifetime Achievement Award Li Hsing |
# Dud Bascomb

Wilbur Odell "Dud" Bascomb (May 16, 1916, Birmingham, Alabama – December 25, 1972, New York City) was an American jazz trumpeter, best known for his tenure with Erskine Hawkins. He was a 1979 inductee of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.

## Early life

Bascomb was born the youngest of a family of ten children, another of whom was future tenor saxophonist Paul Bascomb. He played piano as a child but settled on trumpet, and first played with Hawkins at the Alabama State Teachers' School (now Alabama State University) in 1932, where Hawkins led the Bama State Collegians band.

## Career

He remained in Hawkins's employ until 1944, and soloed with him on many of his most well-known recordings.
Bascomb eventually left Hawkins to play in his brother's septet, which became a big band later in the decade. He played briefly with Duke Ellington in 1947. In the 1950s, Bascomb played for three years at Tyle's Chicken Shack in New Jersey, leading a quintet which counted Lou Donaldson among its members. He toured Japan three times with Sam Taylor and Europe with Buddy Tate in the 1960s, in addition to touring and recording with James Brown. He recorded sparingly as a leader; his Savoy Records sessions in 1959-60 were not issued until 1986.

## Discography

* James Brown, Out Of Sight (Smash, 1965)
* James Brown, Say It Loud I'm Black and I'm Proud (King, 1969)
* Freddie McCoy, Listen Here (Prestige, 1968)
* Buddy Tate, Buddy Tate and His Celebrity Club Orchestra (Black and Blue, 1969)
* Buddy Tate, Unbroken (MPS, 1970)
# Drift Desert, Arizona

Drift Desert is a former ranch and steamboat landing on the Colorado River, now a ghost town, in La Paz County, Arizona.

## History

Drift Desert was a ranch with a woodyard landing for the George Alonzo Johnson's steamboats on the Colorado River. It was located 102 miles up river from Yuma, Arizona and 29 miles below La Paz, in what was then Yuma County, Arizona.$^{:65,168}$ Drift Desert appears on the 1861 Geological Map No. 1. Prepared by J.S. Newberry, M.D. Geologist to the Expedition. Explorations and Surveys. War Department. Map No. 1. Rio Colorado of the West, explored by 1st Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, which shows the course of the Colorado River from its mouth on the Gulf of California to Las Vegas Wash and the location of its features and expedition camps along the way.

## Today

Today the old landing of Drift Desert on the riverbank has disappeared.
# Cali Fair

Cali Fair (Spanish: La Feria de Cali) is a cultural event held in Cali, Colombia from December 25 to December 30. It is a celebration of the region's cultural identity, famous for the Salsa marathon, horse riding parades and dance parties.
The Fair has been celebrated since 1957. Tourism around The Fair is a main driver of the city's economy during the end of the year. It is also known as the "sugar cane fair" (referring to a crop vital to the local economy) and "Feria de la salsa" (Salsa music fair).

## History

On 7 August 1956, a huge explosion in Cali destroyed most of the city's infrastructure and many people died, leaving the city in an economic recession. The next year, the government coordinated a fair as an opportunity to celebrate the overcome of this tragedy and revitalize the economy. The first fair lasted 40 days and was a success. Many people were able to sell handmade goods throughout the celebration of the events. The fair continued to grow over the years, and the city's economy was boosted around the time of the fair. Over time, it became the most important cultural and economic event of the year.
In the 1980s, salsa singers and dancers became a popular part of the fair.
In 2020, the Fair was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2021 saw the introduction of Fiesta de Mi Pueblo, a parade celebrating the 42 municipalities of Valle del Cuaca.

## Events

The Fair is opened by a cabalgata (parade of horseback riders) and the Salsódromo (also called the Salsa Marathon), a parade of salsa musicians and dancers. In 2023, the Salsódromo included 1,400 dancers, who paraded down Avenida Roosevelt, one of the main roads of the city.
Other events include tascas (international food street), salsa concerts, bullfights (which have attracted criticism and protests), parades, athletic activities/competitions and cultural exhibitions. At times the Fair has included Vallenato and Merengue groups from Colombia and surrounding Caribbean countries, and samba schools from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Cali Viejo Carnival is held on December 28, the fourth day of the Fair. The event celebrates the cultural traditions and history of the region, and is actually older than the Fair itself, dating back to the early 1910s.
# 491st

491st may refer to:
* 491st Bombardment Group, inactive United States Army Air Force unit
* 491st Bombardment Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit
* 491st Fighter-Bomber Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit
# CYP2A13

Cytochrome P450 2A13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2A13 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Although its endogenous substrate has not been determined, it is known to metabolize 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a major nitrosamine specific to tobacco. This gene is part of a large cluster of cytochrome P450 genes from the CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP2F subfamilies on chromosome 19q.
# Duchess of Luynes

Duchess of Luynes is a patience or card solitaire game played with two packs of playing cards. It is a member of the Sir Tommy family. A unique feature of this game is the building of the reserve, which is not used until the entire stock runs out.

## Name

An English game possibly of French origin it was first called La Duchesse de Luynes or Duchess of Luynes by Lady Adelaide Cadogan (1874). In American sources it is usually known by the name of Grand Duchess Jones (1888) also referred to it as One to Six and that name is occasionally copied by later writers. Parisienne is a variant recorded by Parlett.

## Rules

First, four cards are dealt face-up, one onto each tableau pile, and two more cards are dealt face-down on the reserve to be used later. After each deal of six cards, the player pauses to see if any cards are playable. Available for play to the foundations (which are above the four tableau piles) are the top cards of each tableau pile.
As they become available, one ace and one king of each suit are placed in the foundations. The aces are built up to kings while the kings are built down to aces, all by suit. Furthermore, once a foundation card is set, any can be built upon it at any time.
Once the player builds the necessary cards one could, another set of six is dealt: one on each of the four tableau piles and two face-down ones set aside on the reserve. Afterwards the player builds more cards and the process is repeated until the stock runs out. Once this occurs, the entire reserve is turned face-up. All cards in that reserve become available to be built on the foundations, along with the top cards of each reserve pile.
When play goes on a stand still (when the tableau and the reserve no longer yield playable cards), the player is then entitled to three redeals. To do a redeal, the player picks up the first tableau pile and places it over the second pile, picks up that newly formed pile and puts it over the third pile, and these three piles are then laid over the fourth pile. Then, the piles are turned face-down to form the new stock, and the remaining reserve piles are placed under it. On the first two redeals, the process of dealing one card on each of the four tableau piles and two more on the reserve faced down, stopping each time to make any play, and using the reserve when the stock runs out is repeated. But on the last redeal, there is no more reserve; all cards are dealt four at a time, one on each tableau pile.
The game ends soon after the stock runs out in the last redeal. The game is out when all cards end up in the foundations.

## Parisienne

Parisienne (also known as La Parisienne or Parisian) is a variant of Grand Duchess. The game is played like Grand Duchess except the before the game starts, one ace and one king of each suit is removed from the pack and placed on the foundations.
# Duchess of Lugo

Duchess of Lugo is a substantive title in the Peerage of Spain. The title is considered a Título de la Casa Real (lit. 'Title of the Royal House'), a type of title not hereditary that is granted for life to a member of the Royal Family. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder and it takes its name from the city and province of Lugo, in Galicia.
The dukdom was first was created on 3 March 1995 by King Juan Carlos I, on the marriage between his eldest daughter, Infanta Elena, and Jaime de Marichalar, Lord of Tejada. The duchess and the duke consort made an official visit to the city in September 1995, where they were welcomed by the regional president, Manuel Fraga, the mayor of the city, Joaquín García Díez, the president of the Provincial Deputation, Francisco Cacharro, and the bishop of Lugo, José Gómez González.
Following the divorce of the royal couple, the former duke consort could no longer use the title.

## Duchess of Lugo
### First creation, 1995

| Duchess | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
| Infanta Elena House of Bourbon 1995– | | 20 December 1963 Our Lady of Loreto Hospital, Madrid, Spain daughter of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia | Jaime de Marichalar 18 March 1995 - 13 November 2007 (divorce) 2 children | Incumbent |
# Callan Hotel

The Callan Hotel is an historic structure located at 502 5th Avenue in San Diego's Gaslamp Quarter, in the U.S. state of California. It was built in 1878.

## History

The building was erected by property owner William Llewelyn following a fire that had destroyed a previous building. Saloon owner Tillman Burns operated a menagerie to attract customers.
The Nippon Corporation, an import business, purchased the building in 1926. The ground floor served as a sales outlet while the upstairs operated as the Hotel Pacific. Here Japanese clients rented furnished rooms and office space. The Japanese Association of San Diego County kept their headquarters at the Hotel Pacific.
In 1941, all President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, sending all Japanese to internment camps. The San Diego Savings and Loan Company took possession of the Hotel Pacific and renamed it the Hotel Callan.
# Dudleyite

Dudleyite is a mineral, named after Dudleyville, Alabama. It is a vermiculite, hydrous mica, that came from margarite, or phlogopite.
# Du Toitskloof Pass

33°43′29.1″S 19°08′48.0″E﻿ / ﻿33.724750°S 19.146667°E﻿ / -33.724750; 19.146667
Du Toitskloof Pass (English: Du Toit's Rift) is situated in the Western Cape province of South Africa, on the regional route R101 between Paarl and Worcester. It was initially an animal track where a road was built around the time of World War II, including a 200m Du Toitskloof Tunnel.
Since the opening of the 3900m Huguenot Tunnel in 1988, the pass no longer forms part of the N1 national road and was renumbered as R101.

## Geography
### Route

Originally 48 km long, the pass climbed to 820 metres (2,690 ft). The Huguenot Tunnel, opened in 1988, is the largest curved structure in South Africa and shortens the road by 11 kilometres (6.8 mi). It is operated as a toll road. There is an impressive viaduct on the Paarl approach side.
The surrounding peaks often sport a covering of snow and the Mountain Club of South Africa has huts in the area. Du Toits Peak is the highest mountain at 1,995 metres (6,545 ft).

## History

The pass was named after Francois Du Toit, a 17th-century Huguenot refugee and pioneer who settled in the foothills. Prior to 1825, farmers used the pass to get to the interior beyond.$^{:24}$ At that time, Detlef Siegfried Schonfeldt (a former lieutenant in the 45th Württemberg Hussars) of the farm Du Toitskloof asked the Cape Colony government for money for a road through the pass but no funds were provided.$^{:24}$ Another pass became the better route and in 1845, the route over the Bainskloof Pass was constructed, named after engineer Andrew Geddes Bain.$^{:24}$ In 1930, engineer P.A. de Villiers explored the idea of a road over the pass and in 1938 it was investigated further by the National Roads Board with the route finalised in 1940.$^{:24}$ The project was started in the summer of 1941/42.$^{:25}$ It cost R1.25 million and was 40 km long with the road opened in March 1949 by Prime Minister DF Malan.$^{:25}$
# Du Val singularity

In algebraic geometry, a Du Val singularity, also called simple surface singularity, Kleinian singularity, or rational double point, is an isolated singularity of a complex surface which is modeled on a double branched cover of the plane, with minimal resolution obtained by replacing the singular point with a tree of smooth rational curves, with intersection pattern dual to a Dynkin diagram of A-D-E singularity type. They are the canonical singularities (or, equivalently, rational Gorenstein singularities) in dimension 2. They were studied by Patrick du Val and Felix Klein.
The Du Val singularities also appear as quotients of $\mathbb {C} ^{2}$ by a finite subgroup of SL$_2$$(\mathbb {C} )$; equivalently, a finite subgroup of SU(2), which are known as binary polyhedral groups. The rings of invariant polynomials of these finite group actions were computed by Klein, and are essentially the coordinate rings of the singularities; this is a classic result in invariant theory.

## Classification

The possible Du Val singularities are (up to analytical isomorphism):
* $A_{n}:\quad w^{2}+x^{2}+y^{n+1}=0$
* $D_{n}:\quad w^{2}+y(x^{2}+y^{n-2})=0\qquad (n\geq 4)$
* $E_{6}:\quad w^{2}+x^{3}+y^{4}=0$
* $E_{7}:\quad w^{2}+x(x^{2}+y^{3})=0$
* $E_{8}:\quad w^{2}+x^{3}+y^{5}=0.$
# California A-G requirements

In California, the A-G requirements are standards for high school coursework required for admission to a University of California or California State University school.
The requirements consist of a C grade or better in the following subjects, identified by letter:
* (A) 2 years of History
* (B) 4 years of English
* (C) 3 years of Mathematics
* (D) 2 years of Science
* (E) 2 years of Foreign Language
* (F) 1 year of Visual or Performing Arts
* (G) 1 year of an elective, such as Computer Science, Economics, or Psychology
Some school districts require all students to meet the A-G standards in order to graduate, which are more demanding than the statewide minimum requirements for high school graduation. In 2023, a majority of California high-school graduates did not meet the A-G standards, making them ineligible for admission to state universities.
# 4-Chloroisobutyrylfentanyl

4-Chloroisobutyrylfentanyl (para-Chloroisobutyrylfentanyl, 4-Cl-iBF) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl, and has been sold online as a designer drug.

## Side effects

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.

## Legal status

para-Chloroisobutyrylfentanyl has been a Schedule I controlled drug in the United States since 1 February 2018. It was banned in Finland in September 2017, and in Sweden in October 2017.
# Gerd Schenker

Gerd Schenker (born 2 June 1948) is a German percussionist.

## Life

Born in Zeulenroda-Triebes, Schenker attended the Musikgymnasium Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach [de] from 1963 to 1965. From 1965 to 1969 he studied percussion with Otto Reil at the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" in Berlin. From 1968 to 1972 he worked as a percussionist at the Volksbühne.
Since 1972 he has been activ with the Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra (today MDR-Sinfonieorchester). In 1975 he became solo-percussionist. From 1974 to 1993 he was also a member of the Gruppe Neue Musik Hanns Eisler. With the ensemble he received the Art Prize of the German Democratic Republic (1980), the Kunstpreis der Stadt Leipzig (1986) and the Schneider-Schott Music Prize in Main (1991). In 1978 he founded the Leipziger Schlagzeug-Duo and in 1982 the Leipziger Schlagzeugensemble [de].
Schenker has performed compositions by Paul-Heinz Dittrich, Reiner Bredemeyer, Ruth Zechlin, Bernt Franke, Karl Ottomar Treibmann, Friedrich Schenker, (Gerd Schenker's brother) and Krzysztof Meyer among others. He is a member of the Forum Zeitgenössischer Musik Leipzig. Schenker is active as editor of percussion literature.

## Literature

* Zeitgenössische Musik für Schlagzeug : 1 Spieler. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, 1988.
* Burkhard Glaetzner, Reiner Kontressowitz (ed.): Gruppe Neue Musik "Hanns Eisler" 1970–1990. Spiel-Horizonte. Leipzig 1990, p. 62.
# Amiyawar

Amiyawar is a village situated on the bank of the Son River in Rohtas district, Bihar, India. It is located close to the Nasriganj Police Station

## Agriculture

Amiyawar region plays a very important role in farming. Its primary crops are rice, wheat and vegetables. It

## Climate

Winter temperatures typically range between 8 and 22 degrees Celsius. Summer temperatures are generally between 22 and 39 degrees Celsius.

## Connectivity and others

Amiyawar is connected to the transport system via state highway 15. In the village, there is a post office, a bank, a government school, a mosque, a rice mill, and several brick factories.

## Geography

Amiyawar is located between Khutaha and Nasriganj. It has an average elevation of 101 metres (331 ft).