OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1841 in sports

1841 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Boxing

Events
* 2 February — Ben Caunt fights Nicholas Ward at Crookham Common for the Championship of England. As in Ward's fight with Burke a few months earlier, there is controversy as the referee is again forced by Ward's backers to rule in his favour. The referee disqualifies Caunt in the 7th round for allegedly striking Ward when he is down. Caunt insists he did no such thing and, as in the Burke fight, Ward's backers are accused of fixing the result.
* 11 May — return bout between Caunt and Ward is won fairly by Caunt who knocks out Ward in the 35th round. Caunt is now the undisputed English champion, especially as Ward announces his retirement.
* 9 September — Tom Hyer is acclaimed the first American Champion after defeating George McChester at Caldwell's Landing, New York, over 101 rounds.
* 10 September — Ben Caunt goes to America hoping to arrange a fight with Tom Hyer which would decide an inaugural World Championship. However, Hyer declines to fight Caunt.

## Cricket

Events
* Formal creation of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club based on the old Nottingham Cricket Club
England
* Most runs – Fuller Pilch 413 @ 25.81 (HS 67)
* Most wickets – Alfred Mynn 94 (BB 7–?)

## Football

Events
* Rugby School is definitely playing a handling game by this time

## Horse racing

England
* Grand National – Charity
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Potentia
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Ralph
* The Derby – Coronation
* The Oaks – Ghuznee
* St. Leger Stakes – Satirist

## Rowing

The Boat Race
* 14 April — Cambridge wins the 5th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race
# Astrakhanovka, Azerbaijan

Astrakhanovka is a village in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Golden Prairie, Saskatchewan

Golden Prairie is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Big Stick No. 141 and Census Division No. 8.

## History

Golden Prairie incorporated as a village on 15 April 1942.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Golden Prairie had a population of 30 living in 17 of its 21 total private dwellings, a change of 0% from its 2016 population of 30. With a land area of 0.48 km$^2$ (0.19 sq mi), it had a population density of 62.5/km$^2$ (161.9/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Golden Prairie recorded a population of 30 living in 19 of its 29 total private dwellings, a -16.7% change from its 2011 population of 35. With a land area of 0.41 km$^2$ (0.16 sq mi), it had a population density of 73.2/km$^2$ (189.5/sq mi) in 2016.

## Economy

The village has a grain elevator with producer car loading facility, curling rink and restaurant. It holds the seat to the Rural Municipality of Big Stick No. 141 office.

## Climate

Golden Prairie experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with long, cold, dry winters and short but very warm summers. Precipitation is low, with an annual average of 341.5 mm (13.44 in), and is concentrated in the warmer months.
Climate data for Golden Prairie :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 35.0 (95.0) | 39.5 (103.1) | 38.5 (101.3) | 39.0 (102.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −2.3 (27.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.4 (74.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | −3.9 (25.0) | 11.3 (52.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.1 (10.2) | −8.3 (17.1) | −1.5 (29.3) | 5.6 (42.1) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | −3.9 (25.0) | −9.8 (14.4) | 4.3 (39.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.9 (−0.2) | −14.2 (6.4) | −7.6 (18.3) | −1.7 (28.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 10.1 (50.2) | 9.3 (48.7) | 3.4 (38.1) | −2.0 (28.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −15.8 (3.6) | −2.9 (26.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.0 (−47.2) | −42.0 (−43.6) | −36.5 (−33.7) | −29.4 (−20.9) | −7.2 (19.0) | −5.0 (23.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | −3.0 (26.6) | −13.9 (7.0) | −29.0 (−20.2) | −36.0 (−32.8) | −45.0 (−49.0) | −45.0 (−49.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.9 (0.74) | 11.3 (0.44) | 20.4 (0.80) | 23.9 (0.94) | 43.9 (1.73) | 64.6 (2.54) | 42.8 (1.69) | 34.4 (1.35) | 30.8 (1.21) | 19.0 (0.75) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.5 (0.69) | 341.5 (13.44) |
| Source: Environment Canada ||||||||||||||
# Midland Railway 780 Class

The Midland Railway 780 Class was a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotives. They were built by Dubs & Co. in 1870, and were very similar to the 690 Class. Originally numbers 780–799. They were double-framed engines with a back tank behind the cab under the bunker. They were all originally fitted with condensing apparatus for working the Metropolitan lines.
In 1898, Nos. 780–783 were transferred to the duplicate list as Nos 780A–783A. Their 1907 numbers were 1206–1225. No. 1212 was withdrawn in 1921, but the remaining 19 were inherited by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the Grouping in 1923. They were all withdrawn, and were extinct by 1935.
Table of withdrawals :
| Year | Quantity in service at start of year | Quantity withdrawn | Locomotive numbers |
| 1921 | 20 | 1 | 1212 |
| 1924 | 19 | 1 | 1223 |
| 1925 | 18 | 1 | 1217 |
| 1927 | 17 | 1 | 1213 |
| 1928 | 16 | 3 | 1206, 1207, 1224 |
| 1930 | 13 | 2 | 1208, 1210 |
| 1931 | 11 | 4 | 1214, 1216, 1218, 1225 |
| 1932 | 7 | 1 | 1215 |
| 1933 | 6 | 2 | 1209, 1220 |
| 1934 | 4 | 1 | 1222 |
| 1935 | 3 | 3 | 1211, 1219, 1221 |
# Mel Gilden

Mel Gilden (born July 3, 1947) is a US writer of speculative fiction, predominately known for his Fifth Grade Monsters, Zoot Marlowe, Cronyn & Justice, and Cybersurfers fiction series. Gilden has written numerous episodes for animated television programs, including The Mask: Animated Series, Phantom 2040, James Bond Jr., Little Shop, Fraggle Rock, Defenders of the Earth, Centurions, The Flintstone Kids, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, and The Smurfs.
Gilden received an AAS in Physics from Los Angeles City College in 1970, and a BA in physics from California State University, Los Angeles in 1974. He was co-host of the science-fiction interview show, Hour 25, on KPFK radio in Southern California 1981–1986. Gilden attended the Clarion Workshop in 1970, with his short story "What About Us Grils?" appearing in the first Clarion anthology.

## Select Bibliography
### Cronyn & Justice

* Dangerous Hardboiled Magicians (2011)
* The Sea Was Wet as Wet Could Be (2012)

### Cybersurfers

* Pirates on the Internet (1995) with Ted Pedersen
* Cyberspace Cowboy (1995) with Ted Pedersen
* Ghost on the Net (1996) with Ted Pedersen
* Cybercops & Flame Wars (1996) with Ted Pedersen

### Fifth Grade Monsters

* M Is for Monster (1987)
* Born to Howl (1987)
* The Pet of Frankenstein (1988)
* Z Is for Zombie (1988)
* Monster Mashers (1989)
* Things That Go Bark in the Park (1989)
* Yuckers! (1989)
* The Monster in Creeps Head Bay (1990)
* How to Be a Vampire in One Easy Lesson (1990)
* Island of the Weird (1990)
* Werewolf, Come Home (1990)
* Monster Boy (1990)
* Troll Patrol (1991)
* The Secret of Dinosaur Bog (1991)

### Star Trek Universe

* The Starship Trap (1993)
* Boogeymen (1991)
* The Pet (1994) with Ted Pedersen
* Cardassian Imps (1997)

### Zoot Marlowe

* Surfing Samurai Robots (1988)
* Hawaiian U.F.O. Aliens (1990)
* Tubular Android Superheroes (1991)

### Standalone Novels

* The Return of Captain Conquer (1986)
* Outer Space and All That Junk (1989)
* The Planetoid of Amazement (1991)
* The Pumpkins of Time (1994)
* Britney Spears Is a Three-Headed Alien (2001)
* The Jabberwock Came Whiffling (2013)
* The Accidental Time Cadet (2015)
* The Coincidence Couch (2017)

### Beverly Hills, 90210

Novelizations of scripts from the television show.
* Beverly Hills 90210 (1991)
* No Secrets (1992)
* Which Way to the Beach? (1992)
* Fantasies (1992)
* Tis the Season (1993)
* Two Hearts (1993)
* Where the Boys Are (1993)
* More Than Words (1993)
* Summer Love (1993)
* Senior Year (1993)
* Graduation Day (1994)
* College Bound (1994)
# Amphimixis (psychology)

In psychoanalytic theory, Amphimixis is the merging of pleasure-centres into an amorphous unity. The concept was proposed by Sandor Ferenczi, a student and associate of Sigmund Freud.

## Early

Sandor Ferenczi introduced the term into psychoanalysis in Thalassa (1924), where he used it to describe the process of merging of the partial drives to create a diffuse state of infant and childhood pleasure. Ferenczi's idea was developed by Helene Deutsch in her description of female sexuality. The concept was criticised by Michael Balint for conflating forepleasure and end pleasure.
Neville Symington extended the concept of amphimixis to include a central pleasure centre in the self, which provided the erotic basis for the self-love (amour propre) of the narcissist.
# Alberto Michelini

Alberto Michelini (born 25 July 1941) is an Italian journalist and politician, former Deputy and Member of the European Parliament.

## Biography

Michelini began his journalistic career in the late 1970s as a host and special correspondent for the RAI news programme TG1. He was one of the first to interview Pope John Paul II and later wrote ten books about his pontificate. In 1981, Michelini, as correspondent in the Vatican City, documented the Pope John Paul II assassination attempt.
An expert on Vatican history, Michelini joined the Christian Democrats (DC), and was elected to the European Parliament in 1984 and 1989, and to the Chamber of Deputies in 1987 and 1992.
In 1994, Michelini was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies with the Segni Pact, but left the party after a few months. The following year, he joined Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI) and became the Pole for Freedoms candidate for the Presidency of Lazio at the 1995 regional election, but was defeated by the Olive Tree candidate (and Michelini's former colleague) Piero Badaloni.
In 2006, Michelini left Forza Italia due to his refusal to support the candidacy of Gianni Alemanno as Mayor of Rome, giving his support instead to the incumbent Mayor Walter Veltroni.
# Argesis

Argesis may refer to:
* Argiza, a town in ancient Mysia, Anatolia
* Argeș River, in Romania
# Grotto Bay

Grotto Bay is a coastal private property in West Coast District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It was declared a nature reserve in 2002. Covering about 378,000 hectares (934,058.342 acres or 3,780 square kilometers or 1,459.46616 square miles) is located 45 minutes from Cape Town. "Cape West Coast Biosphere". website. Retrieved 9 January 2023.Grotto Bay forms part of the Cape West Coast Biosphere reserve which was proclaimed by UNESCO in 2000. Incorporating 378 000 hectares, it stretches from the mouth of the Diep River at Milnerton and covers the entire coastal lowlands to far north of the Berg River at Velddrift. There are 459 biospheres globally, 65 of them in Africa and 4 in South Africa. All Biospheres promote a balanced approach to the development of humans and the preservation of biodiversity in a particular region. The aim of the Cape West Coast Biosphere is to foster human development that is ecologically sustainable, conserve the landscape, vegetation and living species. It also support the research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.
# Helgi Sveinsson

Helgi Sveinsson (born 11 June 1979) is a Paralympian athlete from Iceland competing in throwing, sprint and jumping events. He is a F42/T42 category athlete. At the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships he threw a competition record to take the gold medal.

## Sport career

Sveinsson was born in Reykjavík in 1979. A keen sportsman, he played handball at a semi-professional level for several Icelandic clubs. His sporting career was halted when he was diagnosed with bone cancer. At the age of 20, in an attempt to combat the disease his left leg was amputated above the knee. In 2010 he was introduced to Paralympic sport, and in 2011 took on a coach. His natural athletic ability allowed Sveinsson to compete in multiple fields, competing in the long jump, sprint and javelin throw. In his first international competition, the 2012 IPC European Championships in the Netherlands, he took silver in the javelin. At the same Championships he also finished third in the 200m, but did not medal due to the low level of athletes competing in the event.
In 2012 Sveinsson was one of four competitors to represent Iceland at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Sveinsson qualified in all three of his fields, and competed in the javelin, long jump and 100m sprint. He was also given the honour of being flag bearer for his country at the opening ceremony. In the long jump he was entered into the F42–44 category, but his first round best of 4.25m was not good enough to see him progress through to the final rounds. In the 100m T42 heats, Sveinsson recorded a time of 15.64s, a time way below his personal best and finished in 5th place, failing to qualify for the final round. In the F42 javelin, he threw a personal best of 47.61m in the opening round to progress to the final eight. He failed to better his early throw and finished fifth, just over a metre outside the medal positions.
After the 2012 Paralympics Sveinsson was reselected for Iceland when he made the squad for the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships held in Lyon, France. At the World Championships, he only entered the javelin throw and was faced with a strong field including Paralympic medalists Fu Yanlong of China and Runar Steinstad of Norway. Sveinsson threw a distance of 50.9m, a new Championship record, to win the gold medal.
# Alexander Tollmann

Dr. Alexander Tollmann (27 June 1928 – 8 August 2007) was an Austrian professor of geology. He was born in Vienna. He had been professor at the Geologischen Institut of the University of Vienna since 1969. He was a political activist working to free Austria from nuclear energy and a founder of the Austrian Green Party (Vereinten Grünen Österreichs or VGÖ).
In 1993, with his wife, paleontologist Edith Kristan-Tollmann, he published a monograph, Und die Sintflut gab es doch. Vom Mythos zur historischen Wahrheit, which claimed that Noah's flood was the consequence of a bolide impact about 9500 years ago, and supported the claim through geology (impact craters, iridium, shatter cones, stress lamination of minerals, radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, a peak of acid in the Greenland ice) and legends and folk traditions. See Tollmann's hypothetical bolide.
Later in his life, he turned to esoteric fields and published obscure hypotheses for which he was strongly criticized by the scientific community. In 1998 the husband-and-wife team (posthumously; his wife had died in 1995) published Das Weltenjahr geht zur Neige: Mythos und Wahrheit der Prophezeiungen. The book was on the Austrian bestseller list for weeks. In August 1999, he predicted a world-wide catastrophe by studying the predictions of Nostradamus, that he awaited in his bunker in Lower Austria. In December 2003, Tollmann published Und die Wahrheit siegt schließlich doch (And the truth finally prevails).
# Golden Princess (ship)

Golden Princess may refer to one of the following ships:
* Golden Princess (1993), in service with Princess Cruise Line between 1993 and 1997
* MS Golden Princess (2000), operated under this name between 2000 and 2009
* Golden Princess (2000), in service with Princess Cruise Line between 2001 and 2020
# Artspace Aotearoa

Artspace Aotearoa (previously known as Artspace NZ) is an art gallery in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located on Karangahape Road in Newton. The gallery was founded in 1987, and focuses on contemporary New Zealand and overseas art.
It should not be confused with Depot Artspace, an artists' community and working environment in Devonport.

## Governance

Artspace is run by a charitable trust by a board of trustees. The trustees appoint a director for the gallery who has a tenure lasting up to three years, during which time they select the exhibition programme. The frequent change of directors by this system allows for a fresh approach to be taken to the gallery's programme on a regular basis.
The inaugural director was Mary-Louise Browne. Subsequent directors have included Priscilla Pitts, Lara Bowen, Robert Leonard, Tobias Berger, Brian D. Butler, Emma Bugden, Caterina Riva, Misal Adnan, Yildiz,Remco de Blaaij and currently (2023 - ) artist-curator Ruth Buchanan.

## Programming

As a trust-run gallery, Artspace Aotearoa is able to commission conceptual work by emerging artists whose portfolios are not yet developed enough to command space is major public galleries. Despite this, their exhibitions include works by many major and upcoming New Zealand artists. The gallery includes a public reading room available for research, and runs and promotes numerous education programmes.
For several years during the early 2000s, the gallery also hosted an annual festival of experimental music, "ARTSPACE/alt.music".
Artists who have exhibited at Artspace Aotearoa include:
* Billy Apple (1997, 2004, and 2015)
* Yuki Kihara (2017)
* Justine Kurland (2002)
* Michael Parekowhai (1999)
* Peter Robinson (1998 and 2006)
* Ava Seymour (1997)
* Saul Steinberg (2012)
* Shannon Te Ao (2017)
* Francis Upritchard (2005)
* Ronnie van Hout (1997)
In 2021, Artspace Aotearoa hosted a fundraiser titled When The Dust Settles. According to curator Victoria McAdam:
   This four-part exhibition series and fundraising auction sees 34 seminal artists return to the gallery, offering significant works for presentation and sale. The list of participating artists ricochets through the programming history of the organisation, calling on both foundational artists and more recent alumni, including Billy Apple®, Stella Brennan, Phil Dadson, Brett Graham, Nikau Hindin, Claudia Kogachi, Judy Millar, Dane Mitchell, Fiona Pardington, Peter Robinson, Yvonne Todd and others. Together, this cast articulates decades of shifting cultural dynamics, signalling who has championed, shaped and benefited from our contemporary art spaces, and those who will attend to their futures.
# Mel Gray (journalist)

Mel Gray is the managing editor of Air Force Times at Army Times Publishing Co. She oversees a team of six staff members who report and edit news and information for Air Force Times, a weekly newspaper, and the Air Force Times Web site.
Gray joined Air Force Times in 2009 after two years as managing editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, the daily newspaper for Alabama's capital city, where she was known for her harsh management style, causing significant distress among her staff. Montgomery Advertiser Web site.
Before moving to the South, Gray was one of three supervising editors for The Associated Press at the cooperative's New York headquarters. she played a key role in planning coverage for major news events such as the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster; the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; the trial of Terry Nichols for the Oklahoma City bombing; the trials of Martha Stewart and Michael Jackson; Hurricane Katrina; and the death of Rosa Parks.
Gray also served as the nation/world editor for Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service in Washington D.C. and spent 15 years as a reporter and editor at The Kansas City Star. She began her career in 1982 at the Lincoln Journal as a police and city government reporter.
A native of York, Nebraska, Gray holds bachelor's degrees in journalism and political science.
# 277 Fifth Avenue

277 Fifth (also called 281 Fifth Avenue) is a condominium tower in Manhattan, New York City designed by architect Rafael Viñoly. The building rises 55 stories and contains 130 residential condominiums. It is tied with two other buildings, One Grand Central Place and the Barclay Tower as the 94th tallest building in New York at 209 meters. It has been compared to another building of Viñoly's, 432 Park Avenue.

## History

In 2012, Kushner Real Estate Group and Ironstate Development acquired the three buildings at 277, 279, and 281 Fifth Avenue. The developers planned a 40-story, 132,000 square feet (12,300 m$^2$) high-end condo building designed by HWKN Architects. Victor Group purchased the site in June 2014 for $99 million and later purchased 273 and 275 Fifth Avenue for $50.3 million. In total, Victor Group reportedly spent a total of $174.1 million for the land and air rights underpinning the project. In early 2015, the Australian Lendlease purchased a stake in the project which valued it at approximately $400 million.
Plans for the building were first announced later in 2015, and construction began in 2016. In February 2017, the developers received a $269 million construction loan from three Singaporean banks including United Overseas Bank, OCBC Bank and DBS Bank. Chinese firm Beijing Shokai Group also invested $100 million in preferred equity in the project.
The building topped out in March 2018 and was completed by the end of the year.

## Usage

The building is residential. The building offers a fairly limited set of amenities compared to other, similar buildings.
# Arnold's leaf-toed gecko

Arnold's leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus arnoldi) is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Somalia.

## Etymology

The specific name, arnoldi, is in honor of British herpetologist Edwin Nicholas "Nick" Arnold.

## Geographic range

H. arnoldi is found in northwestern Somalia.

## Habitat

The preferred habitats of H. arnoldi are rocky areas and shrubland, at an altitude of 500 m (1,600 ft).

## Description

H. arnoldi is large for its genus, and it is stout. The holotype, an adult female, has a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 8.2 cm (3.2 in).

## Reproduction

H. arnoldi is oviparous.
# Akagawa Dam

Akagawa Dam is an asphalt dam located in Tochigi prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 3.2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 6 ha of land when full and can store 327 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1965 and completed in 1970.
# Ahmedabad–Dholera Expressway

Ahmedabad–Dholera Expressway is a 109 km (68 mi) long, four-lane wide (expandable to eight) access-controlled under-construction expressway in Gujarat, India. It will connect Sardar Patel Ring Road near Sarkhej in Ahmedabad with Adhelai village in Bhavnagar district via Dholera Special Investment Region (DSIR). The proposed Dholera International Airport near Navagam, about 20 km (12 mi) from Dholera SIR will also lie in the route.
The Ahmedabad–Dholera greenfield expressway is a part of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and is expected to be ready by 2024.

## Construction

The NHAI has divided the construction work of Ahmedabad–Dholera Expressway into four packages. Its total construction cost (excluding the cost of land) is about ₹3,196 crores.
The list of contractors is as follows:
| Sr. No | Package | Length in km | Contractor |
| 1. | Sarkhej (Ahmedabad)–Sindhrej (Ahmedabad) | 22.0 | Sadbhav Engineering |
| 2. | Sindhrej (Ahmedabad)–Vejalaka (Ahmedabad) | 26.5 | Sadbhav Engineering |
| 3. | Vejalaka (Ahmedabad)–Dholera SIR (Ahmedabad) | 22.5 | GHV India |
| 4. | Dholera SIR (Ahmedabad)–Adhelai (Bhavnagar) | 38.0 | DRA Infracon |

## Status updates

* April 2020: Tenders floated for construction of expressway by the NHAI.
* August 2020: Tenders awarded in EPC mode to Sadbhav Engineering (Package 1 and 2), GHV India Pvt. Ltd. (Package 3) and Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon Pvt. Ltd. (Package 4).
* April 2022: Work in progress