OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ilia Fibiger

Ilia Fibiger (5 October 1817 – 10 June 1867) was a Danish writer and playwright as well as Denmark's first professional nurse. She was the elder sister of writer and feminist Mathilde Fibiger.

## Literary work

Ilia Fibiger published four volumes of plays of which Modsætninger (Contradictions) was produced at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1860. She also published four volumes of tales and the novel Magdalene (1862).

## Social engagements

Fibiger was a volunteer at the poor hospital in Copenhagen during the 1853 cholera outbreak. Unable to make a living from her writings, she worked as Denmark's first professional nurse from 1854 until 1860. She later moved into one of the Danish Medical Association's social housing developments now known as Brumleby.
# Erasmus Alberus

Erasmus Alberus (c. 1500 – 5 May 1553) was a German humanist, Lutheran reformer, and poet.

## Life

He was born in the village of Bruchenbrücken (now part of Friedberg, Hesse) about the year 1500. Although his father Tilemann Alber was a schoolmaster, his early education was neglected. Ultimately in 1518, he found his way to the University of Wittenberg, where he studied theology. He had the good fortune to attract the attention of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon, and subsequently became one of Luther's most active helpers in the Protestant Reformation.
Not only did he fight for the Protestant cause as a preacher and theologian, but he was almost the only member of Luther's party who was able to confront the Roman Catholics with the weapon of literary satire. In 1542 he published a prose satire to which Luther wrote the preface, Der Barfusser Monche Eulenspiegel und Alkoran, a parodic adaptation of the Liber conformitatum of the Franciscan Bartolommeo Rinonico of Pisa, in which the Franciscan order is held up to ridicule. This drew reactions from Catholic scholars such as Henricus Sedulius, who published the Apologeticus aduersus Alcoranum Franciscanorum, pro Libro Conformitatum, which criticized Alberus' arguments in this satire.
Of higher literary value is the didactic and satirical Buch von der Tugend und Weisheit (1550), a collection of forty-nine fables in which Alberus embodies his views on the relations of Church and State. His satire is incisive, but in a scholarly and humanistic way; it does not appeal to popular passions with the fierce directness which enabled the master of Catholic satire, Thomas Murner, to inflict such telling blows.
Several of Alberus's hymns, all of which show the influence of his master Luther, have been retained in the German Protestant hymnal.
After Luther's death, Alberus was for a time a deacon in Wittenberg; he became involved, however, in the political conflicts of the time, and was in Magdeburg in 1550–1551, while that town was besieged by Maurice, Elector of Saxony. In 1552 he was appointed General Superintendent at Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg, where he died on 5 May 1553.

## Translations

* Alberus' Thanksgiving Hymn: To You, O God, Our Thanks We Give, translated by Nathaniel J. Biebert (Red Brick Parsonage, 2014).
# Eremothera drachmani

Eremothera drachmani is a species of windscorpion in the family Eremobatidae.
# L'Hospitalet Pioners

The L'Hospitalet Pioners (Catalan pronunciation:; "L'Hospitalet Pioneers") are a gridiron football team based in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia (Spain).

## History

Their nickname recalls the history of the team, as they are one of the pioneering teams to play gridiron in Spain, together with Badalona Drags, Poblenou Búfals and Barcelona Boxers (defunct). The four teams played in 1988 the first Spanish championship.

## Titles

* Spanish League (6): 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013.
* Spanish Cup (9): 2000, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014.
# L'Houmeau

L'Houmeau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# Equity ratio

The equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of equity used to finance a company's assets. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's equities are publicly traded.

## Interpretation

The equity ratio is a good indicator of the level of leverage used by a company. The equity ratio measures the proportion of the total assets that are financed by stockholders, as opposed to creditors. A low equity ratio will produce good results for stockholders as long as the company earns a rate of return on assets that is greater than the interest rate paid to creditors.
# Equity of condition

Equity of condition in tax law and governmental spending is the economic condition, often arbitrary, that political leaders believe a person should be in after governmental social engineering and redistribution of wealth. The award or redistribution of wealth to the recipients overrides, substantially, any natural right of the producers of the wealth to keep the fruits of their labor.
The award of wealth in a socialist economy may be extensive, with a proscribed level of benefits for food, housing, health, education, recreation, welfare, etcetera—and have little or no relation to the citizen's productivity (e.g., before-tax income). The result, however, is that economic productivity and the standard of living can be lessened in a socialist economy due to disincentive to production.
Equity of condition in a mixed economy, such as the United States, can be nebulous and ever-changing. Governmental subsidies and tax deductions may be extended for political reasons, and a political leader may never provide comprehensive economic rationale for his particular fiscal policy actions. The cost of the benefits is merely shifted to a discriminated portion of the tax base. Benefits may also be illusory to recipients, because further political manipulation of the tax code by political leaders can nullify the recipients’ original gains.
# Ilze Ābola

Ilze Ābola (born 15 May 1978) is a Latvian alpine skier. She competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics. Trained under Aldis Fimbauers and Jānis Ciaguns, multiple Latvian champion. In 1998, at the age of 19, she represented Latvia at the 1998 Winter Olympics, finishing 31st in the giant slalom. This participation of her in Olympics marks a significant milestone in her career life.

## Post-Athletic Career

Besides her Athletic career she also has an LinkedIn profile. She is a project manager, indicating her contribution to the business sector.
# Eranina cendira

Eranina cendira is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1866. It is known from French Guiana and Brazil.
# Illegal Contracts Act 1970

The Illegal Contracts Act [1970] is a New Zealand law that manages how contracts are deemed illegal under either common law or under Statute.
Under this law, all such contracts are deemed illegal, but it gives wide discretionary powers to grant relief, including granting orders such as ordering:
* validation (declaring the contract to be either partially or fully enforceable)
* variation of the contract
* restitution
* compensation (damages)

## Cases

* Automobile Centre (Auckland) Ltd v Facer
* Barsdell v Kerr
* Catley v Herbert
* Duncan v McDonald
* Fenton v Scotty's Car Sales Ltd
* H & R Block Ltd v Sanott
* Harding v Coburn
* Knyvett v Christchurch Casinos Ltd
* Lower Hutt City Council v Martin
* Mercurius Ventures Ltd v Waitakere City Council
* National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd
* NZI Bank Ltd v Euro-National Corp Ltd
* Polymer Developments Group Ltd v Tilialo
* Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec)
* Ross v Henderson
# Eric Bjornstad

Reginald Munger Sullivan "Eric" Bjornstad (1934–2014) was an American climber and author, and poet noted for his many climbs in the desert southwest as well as climbs in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

## Selected bibliography

1988. Desert Rock. Chockstone Press, Evergreen, CO. ISBN 0934641072.
# Improtheater Emscherblut

Improtheater Emscherblut is a theatre group in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
* This German theatre-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# La Revuo

La Revuo: Internacia monata literatura gazeto (English: The Review: An International Monthly Literature Magazine) was an Esperanto periodical, published from 1906 to 1914. It was the third Esperanto periodical, following La Esperantisto (1889–1895) and Lingvo Internacia (1895–1914). Together with Lingvo Internacia, La Revuo was one of the two central Esperanto publications leading up to World War I.

## History

La Revuo was first published on September 1, 1906.
L. L. Zamenhof published many of his translations originally in La Revuo and later published them as independent books.
La Revuo ceased publication in August 1914, largely due to the death of Carlo Bourlet.
# La Ribera de Salamanca

La Ribera de Salamanca commonly referred to as "Las Arribes" is a subcomarca in the comarca of Vitigudino in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León. It contains seven municipalities: Aldeadávila, Masueco, Mieza, Pereña, Saucelle, Villarino de los Aires and Vilvestre.
# Eric Wall

Eric St Quintin Wall (19 April 1915 – 11 April 2011) was the second Bishop of Huntingdon from 1972 to 1980 and from then on an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Gloucester. The son of a clergyman – Sydney Herbert Wall —, he was born on 19 April 1915 and educated at Clifton College and Brasenose College, Oxford. Ordained in 1939 he began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy in Boston, Lincolnshire after which he was a World War II chaplain in the RAFVR. When peace returned he held incumbencies at Malmesbury, Cricklade and then finally (before his appointment to the episcopate) at Westbury Park, Bristol.
# Eric Walsh

Eric Walsh may refer to:
* Eric Walsh (One Life to Live), fictional character
* Eric Walsh (ambassador), Canadian diplomat
# Ericodesma pallida

Ericodesma pallida is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia.
The wingspan is about 12.5 mm.
# Gelfand–Zeitlin integrable system

In mathematics, the Gelfand–Zeitlin system (also written Gelfand–Zetlin system, Gelfand–Cetlin system, Gelfand–Tsetlin system) is an integrable system on conjugacy classes of Hermitian matrices. It was introduced by Guillemin and Sternberg (1983), who named it after the Gelfand–Zeitlin basis, an early example of canonical basis, introduced by I. M. Gelfand and M. L. Cetlin in 1950s. Kostant and Wallach (2006) introduced a complex version of this integrable system.
# CKLR-FM

CKLR-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 97.3 FM in Courtenay, British Columbia. The station uses its on-air branding 97.3 The Eagle and currently broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format. The station also broadcasts on cable at 89.7 and streams live from their website. The station is owned & operated by Jim Pattison Group and is part of a division of Island Radio.
The station received approval by the CRTC on April 21, 1998, and began its on-air broadcasting on October 5, of that same year the first voice being heard on this station was Bill Nation with the morning news. Bill Nation is the only current staff member who was also with the station when it first went to air in 1998.
On November 1, 2005, Pattison and Island Radio announced that Island Radio Ltd. of Nanaimo, B.C. had agreed to sell its six radio stations (and related assets) to the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group. The stations involved in the transaction include CKLR, CKWV and CHWF in Nanaimo, CIBH and CHPQ in Parksville-Qualicum Beach and CJAV in Port Alberni.
# Borate glass

Borate glasses have a more complex action of alkali ions than silicate glasses. Borate glasses also have major differences in their optical properties.
The single largest use of boron compounds in the world (accounting for half of total global use) is the production of certain types of boron-treated glass fiber for insulating and structural fiberglass. In these uses the boron may be present as borax or boron oxide, and adds to the structural strength of the glass as borosilicate, or is added as a fluxing agent to decrease the melting temperature of pure silica, which is difficult to extrude as fibers and work with in pure form, due to the high temperatures involved.
# Bonewaldesthorne's Tower

Bonewaldesthorne's Tower is a medieval structure on the northwest corner of the city walls of Chester, Cheshire, England; it is attached by a spur wall to the Water Tower. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. Built as part of Chester's defensive system, it was used in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a museum.

## History

The tower has been documented since 1249. It was rebuilt or altered in 1322–26 when it became the gatehouse to the Water Tower. The Chester Mechanics' Institution was founded in 1835. The Institution wished to open a museum to show its artifacts and the city council leased the Water Tower and Bonewaldesthorne's Tower at a nominal rent for this purpose. The museum opened in 1838. A camera obscura was installed in the tower in 1840 and an observatory in 1848. Around this time a statue of Queen Anne which had formerly been in the Exchange before it burned down was installed on the steps of the tower.
The Institution closed in 1876 and the exhibits came into the possession of the city council. Although it was recognised that the tower was not suitable as a museum, there was at the time nowhere else to show all the exhibits. The tower closed as a museum in 1901–02 while the city walls were rebuilt, and re-opened in 1903, attracting 12,000 visitors that season. The towers were closed to the public in 1916 and in the 1920s they were let for non-museum use. In 1954 they were bought by the Grosvenor Museum, which reopened them to the public in 1962. Bonewaldesthorne's Tower and the adjacent Water Tower have housed a museum of the history of medicine, 'Sick to Death', since August 2016.

## Architecture

The plan of the tower is rectangular. It is built in red sandstone coursed rubble and stands on a tall plinth. Seven steps lead up from the walkway on the city walls to an arched doorway. On the opposite side another doorway leads on to the spur wall to the Water Tower. The top of the tower is battlemented. Inside the tower is a fireplace and a closed staircase which is lit by a single slit window.
# Erika J. Waters

Erika J. Waters is an American editor, academic and critic. She was the founding editor of the literary journal The Caribbean Writer in 1986 and has published critical works on Caribbean literature and on women's literature, notably on writers including Caryl Phillips, Una Marson and Jean Rhys.

## Life and career

She was born in Alexandria, Virginia, when her mother was working at the Pentagon. Waters received her bachelor's and master's degrees in English from New York University and a Ph.D. in English from the University of New Mexico. She began teaching at the University of the Virgin Islands (St. Croix) in the early 1970s and is professor emeritus of English there, having been studying and writing on Caribbean literature for over 30 years. Her essays, interviews, and reviews have been published in various academic journals, including The Chronicle of Higher Education, World Literature Today and The Women's Review of Books. Her research on women writers has been funded by the Tulsa Center for the Study of Women's Literature and the National Endowment for the Humanities. She taught part-time at the University of Southern Maine for a decade, and was a Fulbright Scholar in Finland.

## Selected bibliography

* Critical Issues in West Indian Literature, co-edited with Roberta Q. Knowles (Caribbean Books, 1984),
* New Writing from the Caribbean: Selections from The Caribbean Writer, ed. (Macmillan, 1994)
* Contemporary Drama of the Caribbean, co-edited with David Edgecombe (University of the Virgin Islands, 2000)
* From Kittery to Bar Harbor: Touring Coastal Maine (Arcadia Publishers, 2010)
* Discovering Old Florida: A Guide to Vintage South and Central Florida (Vintage Travel Guides, 2016)
# Emil Birron

Emil Birron (born Emil Bleeke; 1 January 1878 – 18 January 1952) was a German stage and film actor.

## Selected filmography

* Alkohol (1919)
* Vendetta (1919)
* Demon Blood (1920)
* Hundemamachen (1920)
* The Last Hour (1921)
* Playing with Fire (1921)
* The Story of a Maid (1921)
* The Weavers (1927)
* Roses from the South (1934)
* Make Me Happy (1935)
# Emil Bisttram

Emil Bisttram (1895–1976) was an American artist who lived in New York and Taos, New Mexico, who is known for his modernist work.

## Life and works

Emil Bisttram was born in Nagylak, Hungary in 1895 (today Nădlac, Romania). When he was 11 years old, he immigrated with his family to New York City, where they settled in the Lower East Side. He was a talented artist, and after a few years began his schooling at the National Academy of Art and Design, then Cooper Union, Parsons, and The Art Student's League. He began teaching soon after completing school, first at the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts, and then at the Master Institute of the Roerich Museum.
Bisttram first visited Taos in the summer of 1930. He later fell in love with the scenery and moved there. In 1931 he won a Guggenheim Fellowship to study mural painting. The fellowship enabled Bisttram to travel to Mexico where he studied mural painting with the world famous muralist Diego Rivera. During the Great Depression he completed numerous federally supported mural commissions, including at the Robert F. Kennedy Building in Washington D.C., The Taos County Courthouse, New Mexico, and the Federal Courthouse in Roswell, New Mexico. After returning to Taos in 1932, Bistrram started the Heptagon Gallery and the Taos School of Art. In 1938, Bisttram founded the Transcendental Painting Group with Raymond Jonson and several other Santa Fe artists.
In 1952, Bisttram co-founded the Taos Art Association, and later in 1959 won the Grand Prize for painting at the New Mexico State Fair.
In 1970, Emil Bisttram served as a judge and monitor for a statewide arts grant competition for art to be placed in the newly constructed County Courthouse building, designed by architect Bill Menningbach of Taos. Ken Drew, a local sculptor, won the competition. Bisttram oversaw the project for the next two years, and in June 1972 Drew completed the installation. Then-Senator Joseph Montoya and other dignitaries from Santa Fe officiated at the dedication ceremonies. In 1975, his birthday, April 7, was declared "Emil Bisttram Day," a New Mexico state holiday.

## Public collections

His work can be found in the following public collections:
* New Mexico Museum of Art
* Albuquerque Museum
* Philadelphia Museum of Art
* Phoenix Art Museum
* Smithsonian American Art Museum
* Los Angeles County Museum of Art
* Metropolitan Museum of Art
* Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art - Utah State University
* Portland Museum of Art
* Denver Art Museum
# Aedh Buidhe

Aedh Buidhe (died 600, "Áed the Yellow") was the 13th King of the Uí Maine.
The early historic era of the kingdom of Uí Maine is fragmentary. It is first mentioned in the annals in 537. Likewise the succession of its kings. King Brenainn mac Cairbre died in 597 and it is presumed that Aedh Buidhe succeeded him.
The Annals of the Four Masters, based on earlier sources, state that Aedh was killed on the same day that King Áed Sláine of Brega killed Áed Rón mac Cathail of the Ui Failghe, whose death is however set at 604.
The following verse commemorated the events of that day.
   Great was the bloody condition/of all the Irish kings/Aedh Slaine of the valorous host/Aedh Roin, and Aedh Buidhe.
He appears to have been succeeded by Conall mac Máele Dúib, who died in 629, although some place Brenainn mac Cairbre's death in 601.
| Preceded byBrenainn mac Cairbre | King of Uí Maine 537–600 | Succeeded byConall mac Máele Dúib |
# Aedh Mac Fhlannchaidh

Aedh Mac Fhlannchaidh (died 1492) was an Irish brehon lawyer and Ollamh of Thomond.
Mac Fhlannchaidh was a native of Corcomroe, County Clare. In 1482, Murchadh Mac Fhlannchaidh, his designated successor, died. It is unknown what relationship they bore. Aedh himself died ten years later, according to the Annals of the Four Masters:
# Emmanuel Blamires

Emmanuel Blamires (31 July 1850 – 22 March 1886) was an English first-class cricketer, who appeared in one match for Yorkshire and thirty two for Surrey between 1877 and 1881. Blamires was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm-fast. He was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire.
In 36 first-class games he took 137 wickets at a bowling average of 20.02, with a best of 8 for 77 against Kent. Other notable bowling performances for Surrey include his haul of 7 for 59 against Gloucestershire, and 6 for 98 against Middlesex. He also scored 440 runs at 9.56, with a best of 31.
A warehouseman in Bradford by trade, he was also engaged as a professional cricketer in 1871-72 at the Albion club, Bradford, then in 1873 at Burnley, Lancashire, before being engaged in 1874 and 1875 by Dalton in Huddersfield. In 1876 he played for Low Moor, near Bradford and, in 1877, he was given a solitary game by Yorkshire against Middlesex at Lord's, in which he took 5 for 82, as Yorkshire won by 35 runs.
Blamires saw his prospects at Yorkshire limited by the supremacy of Peate and thus he sought an engagement with Surrey and qualified by residence. He appeared for his new county between 1878 and 1881. His highest score was 31 against Middlesex in 1880.
Blamires also appeared in the Gentlemen v Players match, for the South of England and for an England XI in first-class games.
In the 1881 census, he was shown as resident at 15 William Street, Lambeth, Surrey, aged 31, and employed as "a cricket ground man". He lived with his wife Anne, aged 30, born in Bradford, his daughters Mary E., aged eight and Harriet, aged one, and his son David A., aged five. Frances Ward, aged 57, widowed mother (presumably of Anne), from Wakefield also lived in the home.
In 1882, he returned to Yorkshire and to professional club cricketer at Manningham, in Bradford. He died of consumption, at the age of 35, at the White Abbey Hotel, Bradford, and was buried in the Scholemoor Cemetery, near the city.
# Emmanuel Boateng

Emmanuel Boateng may refer to:
* Emmanuel Boateng (footballer, born 1994), Ghanaian footballer
* Emmanuel Boateng (footballer, born 1996), Ghanaian footballer
* Emmanuel Boateng (footballer, born 1997), Ghanaian footballer
# Emma Wakefield-Paillet

Emma Wakefield-Paillet (November 21, 1868 – August 26, 1946) was an American physician. Wakefield-Paillet was the first African-American woman to graduate from medical school and to practice medicine in Louisiana.

## Biography

Wakefield-Paillet was born on November 21, 1868, in New Iberia, Louisiana, the fourth child of Samuel Wakefield and his wife, Amelia Valentine Wakefield. Her father was a state senator from 1877 to 1879, and an older brother, Adolph J. Wakefield, served as Clerk of Court for Iberia Parish between 1884 and 1888. The family fled New Iberia not long after her younger brother was lynched and the family home was terrorized by a mob of angry white citizens. They settled in New Orleans.
Wakefield-Paillet graduated from Flint Medical College in 1879, becoming the first black woman to graduate from medical school in Louisiana. She earned her license from the Louisiana state medical board that same year. Later, she became the first African American woman in the state to work as a physician, when she opened her own medical practice in New Orleans by 1898. In 1900, she moved to San Francisco, where she was married to Joseph Oscar Paillet. She was licensed to practice medicine in California in 1901. She remained in California for the rest of her life, dying there in 1946.
A play about her life, The Forgotten Healer, by Ed Verdin, was performed in 2018. Also in 2018, a historical marker describing her significance was erected by historian Phebe Hayes and the Iberia African American Historical Society (IAAHS).