OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Battery (The Chestnut Troop) Royal Horse Artillery

A Battery (The Chestnut Troop) Royal Horse Artillery is the senior Battery in the British Army's Royal Artillery and is part of 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery. The Chestnut Troop is currently based in Purvis Lines at Larkhill Barracks. The unit is currently equipped as a Close Support Artillery Battery, with the AS-90 Self-propelled gun.

## History
### Formation and early years

A Troop, Royal Horse Artillery was raised as The Chestnut Troop at Woolwich on 1 February 1793. In 1798 the troop saw action in the Irish Rebellion and in 1799 it fought in the Netherlands. In 1806, Hew Dalrymple Ross assumed command of the unit which he led during campaigns in Spain, Portugal and France. Ross was later knighted and promoted to field marshal. After 1809, it fought in the Peninsular War and at the Battle of Waterloo. Between 1855 and 1856 it fought in the Crimean War.

### World War I

The outbreak of the First World War saw the unit, now enlarged to a battery, deployed to France in 1914. It served during all four years, firing its last round at Orrs on 4 November 1918.

### Between the two World Wars

In 1919 the battery was deployed in North West Persia as part of the Norperforce. and, in 1921, it was deployed to Basra. In 1938, the battery became part of 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery.

### World War II

The battery was deployed to France, serving with the British Expeditionery Force until the evacuation from Dunkirk. Later in 1940, the battery was sent to Egypt as part of the Desert Rats. In 1941, it fought as part of the Siege of Tobruk. The battery served continuously in the Western Desert especially in El Alamein in 1942. After El Alamein, elements of the battery were seconded to the newly formed "Long Range Desert Group" because of their intimate knowledge of the desert and survival skills. Afterwards, it was then re-equipped with 105mm SP guns before fighting in Italy for the rest of the World War.

### Post war

In the post-war period the battery served in Egypt, the United Kingdom and Germany. Most significantly, between 1965 and 1967 it was deployed to Aden. In the 1970s, the battery completed tours in Northern Ireland, and in 1990, the battery provided soldiers for a combined A/B/E Battery which fought in the Gulf War. In 1996, the battery served in Bosnia as a part of IFOR. In April 2004, the unit deployed to Basra as part of the 1 Cheshire Battlegroup, and was tasked with developing the Iraqi Police within the City, as part of Operation Telic 4. Later in 2007 the battery deployed to Basra on Operation Telic 10. In 2009 A Battery served in Sangin as part of 3 Rifles Battlegroup on Operation Herrick 11.
# Early Miocene

| System/ Period | Series/ Epoch | Stage/ Age | Age (Ma) | Age (Ma) |
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | younger | younger |
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | 3.600 |
| Neogene | Pliocene | Zanclean | 3.600 | 5.333 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | 7.246 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Tortonian | 7.246 | 11.63 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Serravallian | 11.63 | 13.82 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Langhian | 13.82 | 15.97 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Burdigalian | 15.97 | 20.44 |
| Neogene | Miocene | Aquitanian | 20.44 | 23.03 |
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | older | older |
| Subdivision of the Neogene Period according to the ICS, as of 2017 |||||
The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages: the Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages.
The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma to 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). It was preceded by the Oligocene epoch. As the climate started to get cooler, the landscape started to change. New mammals evolved to replace the extinct animals of the Oligocene epoch. The first members of the hyena and weasel family started to evolve to replace the extinct Hyaenodon, entelodonts and bear-dogs. The chalicotheres survived the Oligocene epoch. A new genus of entelodont called Daeodon evolved in order to adapt to the new habitats and hunt the new prey animals of the Early Miocene epoch; it quickly became the top predator of North America. But it became extinct due to competition from Amphicyon, a newcomer from Eurasia. Amphicyon bested Daeodon because the bear-dog's larger brain, sharper teeth and longer legs built for longer chases helped it to overcome its prey.
# Earthworks (album)

Earthworks is the first album by Bill Bruford's Earthworks, a jazz fusion band led by drummer Bill Bruford with keyboardist and trumpeter Django Bates, saxophonist Iain Ballamy, and acoustic bassist Mick Hutton. It was released in 1987 on EG Records and reissued on Summerforld in 2005. The album was co-produced by Bruford's former bandmate Dave Stewart.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| Moving the River | |
At AllMusic, critic Chris Kelsey gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five. He wrote, "The best thing about this band is its refreshing ingenuousness; they make intelligent, sophisticated instrumental pop music that doesn't pander in the least."
Writing for All About Jazz, John Kelman noted that "Bruford's attraction to the juncture of strict form and freer improvisation, took a giant leap forward with Earthworks," and commented that the group "was unquestionably an improvising band; more than just a soloist playing over a fixed rhythm section, Earthworks has always been a looser affair, as much about interplay as adhering to any compositional form."
A reviewer for Moving the River wrote: "Some musicians have a unique touch – you can identify them within a few notes. In Bill Bruford's case, his snare drum is his main audio imprint. But he also always had a highly-original composing style before his retirement in 2009, and both are very much in evidence on the excellent Earthworks album."

## Track listing

* "Thud" (Iain Ballamy) – 4:10
* "Making a Song and Dance" (Ballamy, Bill Bruford) – 5:52
* "Up North" (Ballamy, Django Bates, Bruford) – 5:19
* "Pressure" (Bruford) – 4:57
* "My Heart Declares a Holiday" (Ballamy, Bates, Bruford) – 4:35
* "Emotional Shirt" (Bates) – 4:45
* "It Needn't End in Tears" (Ballamy) – 5:14
* "The Shepherd Is Eternal" (Bates, Bruford) – 1:50
* "Bridge of Inhibition" (Ballamy, Bates, Bruford) – 4:15

## Personnel

* Bill Bruford – drums, electronic drums, percussion, producer
* Iain Ballamy – alto, soprano, and tenor saxophones
* Django Bates – tenor horn, trumpet, keyboards
* Mick Hutton – bass
* Dave Stewart – keyboards, sampling, producer
Source:
# Easy Virtue

Easy Virtue may refer to:
* Easy Virtue (play), a play by Noël Coward
* Easy Virtue (1928 film), a silent film adaptation of the play directed by Alfred Hitchcock
* Easy Virtue (2008 film), an adaptation of the play co-written and directed by Stephan Elliott
# Easy Way Out

Easy Way Out may refer to:

## Music

* Easy Way Out, a 2012 album by Mariama

### Songs

* "Easy Way Out" (Elliott Smith song), 2000
* "Easy Way Out", by Gotye from Making Mirrors, 2011
* "Easy Way Out", by Charlotte Church from Tissues and Issues (2005)
* "Easy Way Out", by the Bossmen, included in the 2008 compilation album A-Square (Of Course): The Story of Michigan's Legendary A-Square Records
* "Easy Way Out", by Sylver from Sacrifice (2009)
* "Easy Way Out", by Low Roar from 0 (2014)
* "Easy Way Out", by Ray Wilson and The Veterans (2015)

## Literature

* The Easy Way Out, a 1992 novel by American author Stephen McCauley
* Easy Way Out, a 2016 novel by Australian author Steven Amsterdam

## Other uses

* The Easy Way Out, a 2014 French film
* A euphemism referring to suicide.
# Eberhard Godt

Eberhard Godt (15 August 1900 – 13 September 1995) was a German naval officer who served in both World War I and World War II, eventually rising to command the Kriegsmarine's U-boat operations.

## Biography

    This article incorporates information from the equivalent articles on the German Wikipedia
Godt joined the Kaiserliche Marine in summer 1918 as an officer cadet and served on board the SMS Schlesien. After the war he served in the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt. In March 1920 he was accepted in the Reichsmarine, becoming an officer in 1924. He served aboard numerous surface ships and naval installations until 1935; when he was serving on the light cruiser Emden as adjutant to Kapitän zur See Karl Dönitz. Then Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander) Godt transferred to the newly established U-boat arm; commanding German submarine U-25 during the Spanish Civil War.
In January 1938 he was appointed to the staff of the commander of the U-boat force, Admiral Dönitz. In October he became the force's chief of operations. He continued in this role until January 1943 when he assumed full tactical command of U-Boat operations after Dönitz was promoted to command the Kriegsmarine. In March Godt was promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and assigned, additionally to his U-boat duties, to a department command at the Naval High Command. In 1945 he became a POW and remained in British custody until 1947. During this time he also testified as a witness in the Nuremberg trials.
Following the war he wrote a history of Kriegsmarine operations in World War II as a member of the Naval Historical Team.
Godt died at the age of 95 on 13 September 1995.

## Dates of rank

* Seekadett (Junior Cadet): 1 July 1918
* Fähnrich zur See (Senior Cadet): 1 April 1922
* Oberfähnrich zur See (Midshipman): 1 October 1923
* Leutnant zur See (Acting Sub-Lieutenant): 1 April 1924
* Oberleutnant zur See (Sub-Lieutenant): 1 January 1926
* Kapitänleutnant (Lieutenant): 1 July 1933
* Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain / Lieutenant Commander): 1 April 1937
* Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain / Commander): 1 July 1940
* Kapitän zur See (Line Captain): 1 September 1942
* Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral, Lower Half): 1 March 1943

## Decorations and awards

* Iron Cross (1914)
** 2nd class (1918)
* Hanseatic Cross of Lübeck (1918)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd class
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 1st class
* German Cross in Gold (10 February 1942)
# Echinus melo

Echinus melo, melon sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinidae.

## Description

This species grows up to 17 cm (7 in) in diameter. It is spherical or slightly cone-shaped, and the colour of the test is mainly pinkish, yellowish, or greenish-yellow, and banded with white and pale brown, giving it a segmented appearance. The long primary spines are few in number and olive green with pale tips. They grow in a single row on each ambulacral plate. The much shorter secondary spines are yellowish green and are densely packed in several rows.

## Distribution

The melon sea urchin is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and the Bay of Biscay, and occasionally as far north as Ireland and Cornwall.

## Biology

Echinus melo is mainly a herbivore, grazing on algae, but it also consumes small invertebrates.
* Specimens from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris : the likeness with a melon is obvious.
# East Aston Common

East Aston Common is an 18.2-hectare (45-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Andover in Hampshire.
This site in the flood plain of the River Test is part of one of the finest chalk stream habitats in Britain. It has alluvial meadows with a rich variety of herbs, areas of tall fen and a wide and shallow stretch of the river. There are many wetland birds, such as grasshopper warblers, water rails and reed bunting.
# East Atlantic Flyway

The East Atlantic Flyway is a migration route used by about 90 million birds annually, passing from their breeding areas in the United States, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Siberia and northern Europe to wintering areas in western Europe and on to southern Africa. It is one of the eight major flyways used by waders and shorebirds. The migrants follow a great circle route, which is shorter although more challenging. When avoiding the barriers created by the Sahara Desert and Atlas Mountains, European honey buzzards were found to overcompensate for the winds they expected to encounter, and take a longer route than was necessary.
Wetlands International has identified key sites on the flyway in the project Wings Over Wetlands. Important sites on the flyway include:
* Lake Ladoga (northwestern Russia)
* Haapsalu, Matsalu (Estonia)
* Nemunas Delta (Lithuanian demonstration site)
* Wadden Sea (Netherlands, Germany, Denmark)
* Vendée Reserve (France)
* Doñana National Park (Spain)
* Merja Zerga (Morocco)
* Banc d'Arguin National Park (Mauritania)
* Diawling-Djoudj (Senegal, Mauritania)
* Saloum-Niumi (Senegal, Gambia)
* Archipel Bijagos (Guinea-Bissau)
The flyway attracted attention in the 2000s when birds using the route were found to have been carrying influenza A virus subtype H5N1, the causative agent of avian influenza ("bird flu").

## Footnotes

* ↑ Carrell, Severin (2003-10-12). "Naturalists set up 'air traffic control' network to save birds". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
* ↑ Gerard Boere; Colin A. Galbraith; David Stroud; L. K. Bridge (2006). Waterbirds Around the World. The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-11-497333-9.
* ↑ "Waterbirds around the World" (PDF). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
* ↑ Wehner, Rudiger (2001-01-12). "Bird Navigation—Computing Orthodromes" (PDF). Science. 291 (5502): 264–265. doi:10.1126/science.1058147. PMID 11253217. S2CID 128509600.
* ↑ Vansteelant, Wouter M.G.; Shamoun-Baranes, Judy; van Manen, Willem; van Diermen, Jan; Bouten, Willem (2017). "Seasonal detours by soaring migrants shaped by wind regimes along the East Atlantic Flyway". Journal of Animal Ecology. 86 (2): 179–191. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12593. PMID 27757959.
* ↑ Weidensaul, Scott (2021). A world on the wing: the global odyssey of migratory birds. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-60890-8.
* ↑ "Report on the Exchange Programme Planning Workshop". Wetlands International. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
* ↑ Gray, Richard (2006-02-19). "UK experts try to plot flight path for bird flu". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
# Earthbound Farm

Earthbound Farm is an American farm located near San Juan Bautista, California. It is the largest producer of organic salads in the United States. It was also the first company to produce prewashed, packaged salad greens on an industrial scale.

## History

Earthbound Farm was founded in 1984 by Drew and Myra Goodman, on a 2.5 acres (10,000 m$^2$) farm in California’s Carmel Valley. Just over two decades later, the company employed over 150 growers on 30,000 acres. By 2015, nearly 50,000 acres were in production. In The Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan referred to Earthbound Farm as "a company that arguably represents industrial organic farming at its best."
In 2009, HM Capital acquired Earthbound Farm. In 2013, Earthbound Farm was acquired by WhiteWave Foods, owner of Horizon Organic milk, for $600 million. In July 2016, it was announced that the French company Danone would purchase WhiteWave Foods for $10.4 billion. The acquisition was completed in April 2017, and the newly formed company was named "DanoneWave". Finally, Earthbound Farm was acquired in April 2019 by Taylor Farms.
# ANACS

ANACS may refer to:
* Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (Senegal)
* ANACS (coin grading company)
# Intermediate Data Format

Intermediate Data Format (IDF) files are used interoperate between electronic design automation (EDA) software and solid modeling mechanical computer-aided design (CAD) software.
The format was devised by David Kehmeier at the Mentor Graphics Corporation.
The EMN File contains the PCB outline, the position of the parts, positions of holes and milling, keep out regions and keep in regions.
The EMP file contains the outline and height of the parts.
Some CAD software allows the use of a map file to load more detailed part models.

## Compared to STEP

STEP - also known as ISO 10303-21 - has both advantages and disadvantages over IDF.
If both MCAD and ECAD software support STEP, both programs can interchange more detailed models (at the cost of increased file size). Step models that are rendered correctly in the ECAD software can cause problems in the MCAD.
IDF does allow the communication of keep out areas and part placements more directly. IDF is a very simple and robust format. If necessary, the files can be edited by hand in a text editor.
# Euaesthetinae

The Euaesthetinae are a subfamily of the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) containing six tribes.
These rove beetles have slender antennae with two or three apical antennomeres forming a loose club. The tarsi have 4-4-4 or 5-5-5 (5-5-4 in some exotic genera) segments. They are found in forest litter. Five genera and 22 species known from North America.
* Euaesthetus sp.
* Edaphus sp.
# A Soldier Speaks

"A Soldier Speaks" is a song from 1944, with music and lyrics by Peter DeRose, and published by Robbins Music Corp.
# Maria (1798 ship)

Maria was launched in 1798 at Gainsborough, upstream from Hull. She spent the first half of her career or so as a West Indiaman. She then made two voyages to Australia transporting convicts. On the first of these voyages she transported women convicts to Port Jackson; on the second she transported men to Hobart. On her second voyage she returned via Bombay. She is last listed in 1833.

## Career

Convict voyage #1: (1818): Captain Henry Williams sailed from England on 3 April 1818. Maria sailed via Rio de Janeiro and arrived at Port Jackson on 17 September. She had embarked 126 women convicts and suffered two deaths en route. In October she departed for England.
Lloyd's Register shows her departing on 31 July 1820 for Bombay under a license from the EIC. There is a discrepancy between the name of the owner cited her and the name of the owner cited elsewhere in the volume (see Table below). Furthermore, Maria was first sailing to Hobart, and presumably from there sailing to Bombay before returning to England.
Convict voyage #2: (1820): Captain Harris Walker sailed from England on 28 July 1820 and arrived at Hobart on 1 December 1820. Maria had embarked 156 male convicts and she suffered no convict deaths en route.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| 1798 | S. Stark J. Foot | Smith & Co. Dale & Co. | Hull-St Petersburg London–Jamaica | Lloyd's Register (LR)LR |
| 1800 | J. Foot | Dale & Co. | London–Jamaica | LR |
| 1805 | Gardner McMasters | Moulton | London–Jamaica | LR |
| 1810 | Taylor | Moulton | London–Jamaica | LR |
| 1815 | J.Weller | Gale & Co. | London transport | LR; Gainsborough origin |
| 1819 | Williams | Soames & Co. | London–New South Wales | LR; thorough repair 1817 |
| 1821 | Walker | Soames & Co. | London–New South Wales | LR |
| 1825 | H. Williams | J. Taylor | London–Quebec | LR |
| 1830 | W. Taylor | J. Taylor | Bristol-Liverpool | LR |
| 1833 | W. Taylor | J. Taylor | Bristol-Liverpool | LR; last listing |

## Citations

* 1 2 Hackman (2001), p. 295.
* 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register (1815), Seq.№M292.
* 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register Seq.№M558.
* 1 2 Lloyd's Register (1805), Seq.№M171.
* ↑ Bateson (1959), pp. 292–3.
* ↑ Bateson (1959), p. 327.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register "Licensed India Ships".
* ↑ Bateson (1959), pp. 306–7.
* ↑ Bateson (1959), p. 328.
# Djelal Munif Bey

Djelal Munif Bey (1871 - 1928) was an Ottoman diplomat who served at various posts including New York and Budapest. He was the Ottoman Consul General to the United States in New York. Although he was said to be murdered or committed suicide in September 1919 in Budapest, later it turned out to be that his wife committed suicide but he was alive. He was sent to New York for a second time to serve as the Turkish Consul General in 1926 and remained in this post for two years until his death on January 14, 1928.
# Egbizum

Egbizum is a village in Abi local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria.
# Majhgain

Majhgain is a village in Chand block of Amarpur Banka district, Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 700, in 100 households.
# GameDaily

GameDaily (GD) was a video game journalism website based in the United States.
It was launched in 1995 by entrepreneur Mark Friedler under the name Gigex and focused on free game demo downloads. The site changed its business model from a flat fee per download CDN distributed service network to an advertising-based games content portal, content syndication and vertical ad network. The site also operated business news service GameDaily Biz.
The network grew to the number one position in ComScore's Games/Gaming Information category in March 2005 and was acquired by AOL on August 16, 2006. The site offered articles on different video game topics, with many game rankings lists.
In 2011, the GameDaily brand was retired. Its staff and content were merged with Joystiq, another video game website owned by AOL. In 2018, Greenlit Content relaunched GameDaily as GameDaily.biz.
# Make It Hot (disambiguation)

Make It Hot is a 1998 album by Nicole Wray.
Make It Hot may also refer to:
* "Make It Hot" (Nicole Wray song), 1998
* "Make It Hot" (VS song), 2004
* "Make It Hot", a song by JDiggz from Memoirs of a Playbwoy
* "Make It Hot", a song by Kottonmouth Kings from Kottonmouth Kings
* "Make It Hot", a song by LL Cool J from Mr. Smith
* "Make It Hot", a song by Mirah from Advisory Committee
* "Make It Hot", a song by Major Lazer and Anitta, 2019
# 2017 Asian Youth Games

The 2017 Asian Youth Games were to be an international multi-sport event. Initially planned to be hosted by the city of Hambantota, Sri Lanka, a new host for the 2017 AYG were to be decided at a future Olympic Council of Asia general assembly after Sri Lanka lost its hosting rights. It has now been decided to postpone until 2021 in Shantou, China, but was eventually cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in China.

## Bidding

Hambantota decided on bidding for the games after losing the vote to stage the 2018 Commonwealth Games which were eventually awarded to the Gold Coast in Australia. On 15 June 2012, the president of the Olympic Council of Asia Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah announced that Hambantota had been chosen as the host of the games. Indonesia, Qatar, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan also bid to stage the games but were ultimately unsuccessful.
Sri Lanka was stripped of its hosting rights by OCA due to political interference of its government with its national Olympic committee. Indonesia was offered by OCA to take over as hosts and the games were suggested test event for the 2018 Asian Games. Sri Lanka's replacement was set to be decided at an OCA general assembly scheduled in September 2015, but it has now been decided to postpone the event for 4 years as no replacement host city was found.
# Gangster Returns

Gangster Returns is a 2015 Bangladeshi action thriller film directed by Ashiqur Rahman and features Ziaul Faruq Apurba in lead role. The development began in January, 2013.

## Cast

* Ziaul Faruq Apurba as Shaon, a gangster
* Peya Jannatul
* Prabir Mitra
* Khaleda Akter Kolpona
* Tiger Robi
* Shampa Hasnain
* Robiul Islam
# Gangster Squad

Gangster Squad can refer to:
* Gangster Squad (LAPD), Los Angeles Police Department unit formed to combat organized crime
* Gangster Squad (film), a 2013 film based on the LAPD unit of the same name