# Geography of Gabon

Gabon is a country in Central Africa, lying along the Atlantic Ocean, just south of the Bight of Biafra.

## Area and borders
### Area

   * Total: 267,668 km²
   ** country rank in the world: 76th/77th
   * Land: 257,670 km²
   * Water: 10,000 km²

### Area comparative

   * Australia comparative: approximately ⁠1/6⁠ larger than Victoria
   * Canada comparative: approximately ⁠2/3⁠ the size of Newfoundland and Labrador
   * United Kingdom comparative: approximately ⁠1/10⁠ larger than the United Kingdom
   * United States comparative: slightly smaller than Colorado
   * EU comparative: approximately ⁠1/10⁠ smaller than Italy
Gabon has a total of 3,261 km of international boundaries. It borders Equatorial Guinea (335 km) and Cameroon (349 km) to the north and the Republic of the Congo (2,567 km) to the east and south. Gabon lies on the equator.

### Maritime claims

   * Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22 km)
   * Contiguous zone: 24 nmi (44 km)
   * Exclusive economic zone: 200 nmi (370 km)

## Terrain

Narrow coastal plain with patches of Central African mangroves; hilly interior; savanna in east and south. A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 420 km$^2$ of tidal flats in Gabon, making it the 50th ranked country in terms of tidal flat area.
* Irrigated land: 44.5 km$^2$ (2003)
* Total renewable water resources: 164 km$^3$ (2011)

## Environment

International agreements:
Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

## Climate

The equatorial location of Gabon means that it has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) and a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), with the temperature being hot year-round and humid, although the Benguela Current can moderate temperatures.
Climate data for Libreville (1961–1990) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.4 (84.9) | 27.6 (81.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.6 (83.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.9 (78.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 250.3 (9.85) | 243.1 (9.57) | 363.2 (14.30) | 339.0 (13.35) | 247.3 (9.74) | 54.1 (2.13) | 6.6 (0.26) | 13.7 (0.54) | 104.0 (4.09) | 427.2 (16.82) | 490.0 (19.29) | 303.2 (11.94) | 2,841.7 (111.88) |
| Average rainy days | 17.9 | 14.8 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 16.0 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 14.5 | 25.0 | 22.6 | 17.6 | 177.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 84 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 175.2 | 176.8 | 176.9 | 176.8 | 159.5 | 130.6 | 119.2 | 90.4 | 95.9 | 112.9 | 134.6 | 167.8 | 1,716.6 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Port-Gentil (1961–1990, extremes 1950–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.6 (90.7) | 38.0 (100.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.2 (91.8) | 30.8 (87.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 34.0 (93.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 25.9 (78.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.5 (83.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.0 (78.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.1 (75.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 13.2 (55.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 19.5 (67.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.2 (64.8) | 13.2 (55.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 247.8 (9.76) | 177.8 (7.00) | 266.8 (10.50) | 299.3 (11.78) | 150.6 (5.93) | 11.5 (0.45) | 3.4 (0.13) | 5.0 (0.20) | 31.8 (1.25) | 179.9 (7.08) | 352.2 (13.87) | 227.1 (8.94) | 1,953.2 (76.90) |
| Average precipitation days | 14.8 | 12.7 | 16.4 | 15.5 | 10.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 9.0 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 13.9 | 134.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 150.4 | 160.8 | 154.5 | 151.5 | 147.8 | 156.3 | 163.1 | 135.3 | 125.7 | 116.1 | 115.1 | 147.2 | 1,723.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows) ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Lambaréné (1961–1990) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.3 (88.3) | 28.9 (84.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.6 (87.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 25.3 (77.5) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.7 (76.5) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 21.7 (71.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.4 (72.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 175.3 (6.90) | 145.2 (5.72) | 253.8 (9.99) | 212.8 (8.38) | 162.2 (6.39) | 20.9 (0.82) | 3.2 (0.13) | 6.9 (0.27) | 71.0 (2.80) | 347.7 (13.69) | 393.9 (15.51) | 172.0 (6.77) | 1,968.9 (77.52) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.1 | 10.7 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 9.6 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 12.5 | 140.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 84 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 84 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.9 | 145.2 | 145.1 | 143.1 | 123.9 | 74.2 | 70.6 | 53.4 | 55.9 | 70.9 | 117.1 | 129.4 | 1,271.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Makokou (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 41.5 (106.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 39.5 (103.1) | 41.1 (106.0) | 37.3 (99.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.0 (91.4) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 27.7 (81.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.7 (83.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.7 (83.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 28.7 (83.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.4 (66.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.9 (60.6) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.3 (61.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.8 (62.2) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 13.0 (55.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.0 (59.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.2 (59.4) | 11.5 (52.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 88.1 (3.47) | 106.9 (4.21) | 190.0 (7.48) | 206.7 (8.14) | 187.7 (7.39) | 54.1 (2.13) | 9.0 (0.35) | 29.3 (1.15) | 142.9 (5.63) | 297.3 (11.70) | 225.7 (8.89) | 103.3 (4.07) | 1,641 (64.61) |
| Average precipitation days | 7.3 | 8.9 | 13.7 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 11.2 | 20.9 | 17.9 | 8.8 | 131.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 85 | 83 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 131.6 | 137.4 | 158.2 | 160.5 | 150.4 | 101.5 | 60.9 | 58.1 | 95.5 | 134.1 | 132.3 | 122.8 | 1,443.3 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows) ||||||||||||||

## Extreme points

* Northernmost point - unnamed location on the border with Cameroon on the Ntem River, Woleu-Ntem province
* Easternmost point - the unnamed location on the border with the Republic of Congo immediately south-west of the Congolese village of Mbeyi-Mbola, Haut-Ogooué province
* Southernmost point - the point at which the border with the Republic of Congo enters the Atlantic Ocean, Nyanga Province
* Westernmost point - the north-west point of Cape Lopez, Ogooué Maritime province