OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Degenerate dimension

According to Ralph Kimball, in a data warehouse, a degenerate dimension is a dimension key (primary key for a dimension table) in the fact table that does not have its own dimension table, because all the interesting attributes have been placed in analytic dimensions. The term "degenerate dimension" was originated by Ralph Kimball.
As Bob Becker says:
   Degenerate dimensions commonly occur when the fact table's grain is a single transaction (or transaction line). Transaction control header numbers assigned by the operational business process are typically degenerate dimensions, such as order, ticket, credit card transaction, or check numbers. These degenerate dimensions are natural keys of the "parents" of the line items. Even though there is no corresponding dimension table of attributes, degenerate dimensions can be quite useful for grouping together related fact tables rows. For example, retail point-of-sale transaction numbers tie all the individual items purchased together into a single market basket. In health care, degenerate dimensions can group the claims items related to a single hospital stay or episode of care.

## Other uses of the term

Although most writers and practitioners use the term degenerate dimension correctly, it is very easy to find misleading definitions in online and printed sources. For example, the Oracle FAQ defines a degenerate dimension as a "data dimension that is stored in the fact table rather than a separate dimension table. This eliminates the need to join to a dimension table. You can use the data in the degenerate dimension to limit or 'slice and dice' your fact table measures."
This common interpretation implies that it is good dimensional modeling practice to place dimension attributes in the fact table, as long as you call them a degenerate dimension. This is not the case; the concept of degenerate dimension was developed by Kimball to support a specific, well-defined exception to the otherwise ironclad rule that dimension attributes are always pulled out into dimension tables.
# A Collection of Hits

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Untold Stories: A Collection of Hits is the first compilation by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in 1990 on Mercury Records and has been certified platinum by the RIAA. The album includes eight of her previous singles, as well as one newly recorded track ("A Few Good Things Remain"), and an album cut from 1987's Untasted Honey, the Tim O'Brien duet "The Battle Hymn of Love". Both of these songs were released as singles in 1990, and both reached #9 on the Billboard country charts.

## Critical reception

AllMusic's William Ruhlmann writes, "Kathy Mattea has risen to near the top of the Nashville ranks because of a haunting, soulful voice, well-produced recordings that have a simple, folkie directness, and, most especially, an amazing talent for picking the best songs being written for the country market"

## Track listing

* Track information and credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release history and formats for A Collection of Hits :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| North America | August 7, 1990 | LPCDcassette | PolyGramMercury Records | |
# Bengi

Bengi is a common Turkish given name. It means "eternal", "endless", "never-ending", or "immortal". It is an Oghuz accented version of Bengü which is also a Turkish given name. Compared to Bengü, Bengi has an additional meaning: "a mythical water which gives a person immortal life".

## People

* Bengi Semerci, author and professor of psychiatry at Yeditepe University
* Bengi Gençer, illustrator of Bilim ve Teknik.
* Bengi Yildiz, a Member of Parliament of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) for Batman, Turkey.
* Bengi Ali of Karaman, was the ruler of Karmanids
* Bae "Bengi" Seong-ung, a South Korean professional League of Legends player, the assistant coach of SK Telecom T1.
# Buinaca

Buinaca or Punta de la Buinaca, also spelt Boinaca, is one of the highest mountains of the Cardó Massif, Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, Catalonia, Spain. This mountain has an elevation of 764 metres above sea level.
It is the highest peak of the Serra del Boix range and it is located at the southern end of the range in an area of massive rocky outcrops known as "Les Moles". There are many wind turbines atop the smoother neighboring ridges.
# Edmund Prideaux

Edmund Prideaux may refer to:
* Sir Edmund Prideaux, 1st Baronet of Netherton (1554–1628), English lawyer
* Edmund Prideaux (Roundhead) (died 1659), English lawyer and member of Parliament
* Edmund Prideaux (MP for Taunton) (1632–1702), member of Parliament for Taunton
* Edmund Prideaux (artist) (1693–1745), English architectural artist
* Sir Edmund Prideaux, 4th Baronet (1647–1720), British lawyer and politician
# Agatha Crumm

Agatha Crumm is a newspaper comic strip created by the cartoonist Bill Hoest (creator of The Lockhorns) and distributed by King Features Syndicate. The strip ran from October 24, 1977, until 1997. Agatha Crumm was Hoest's third strip, following Bumper Snickers (1974).

## Characters and story

The strip's title character was the eccentric, miserly, elderly owner of a cookie company. Comics historian Don Markstein described the active and agile Crumm:
    Agatha may not have been as wealthy as Scrooge McDuck or Richie Rich, and maybe not even Rich Uncle Pennybags. But as owner of the Crumm Cookie Company, she was probably in the range of Mr. Abernathy, and that's about as wealthy as most toons need to be—even when they're financing a lifestyle that includes a lot of corporate wheeling and dealing. The seven-day comic strip where Agatha was introduced debuted from King Features Syndicate on Monday, October 24, 1977. (A report elsewhere, that she'd begun exactly two months earlier, is apparently in error, as August 24, 1977, was a Wednesday.) She was old enough to rival Uncle Elby or Grandma, but spry, very active in the world of high-finance shenanigans.

## Books

Between 1980 and 1983, Signet Books published three Agatha Crumm paperback collections, including The Return of Agatha Crumm (1982).
# Dipaola

Dipaola may refer to:
* 27130 Dipaola, main-belt asteroid
* James DiPaola (1953–2010), American police officer and politician
# Alamara Nhassé

Alamara Ntchia Nhassé (born 2 June 1957) is a Bissau-Guinean politician, who was Prime Minister from 9 December 2001 to 17 November 2002. Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party; he previously led the Social Renewal Party (PRS).

## Early life

Nhassé is an agricultural expert, who was trained in Cuba and in the Soviet Union. After PRS candidate Kumba Yala was elected president, Nhassé was appointed as Minister of Agriculture, Water, Forestry and Hunting in the government formed on February 19, 2000. Later, in the government formed on January 25, 2001, he became Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. Under Prime Minister Faustino Imbali, he became Minister for the Interior after Artur Sanhá was dismissed on August 29, 2001. After Imbali was also dismissed, Nhassé replaced him as prime minister on December 9, 2001. On January 15, 2002, the party convention of the PRS elected him as president of the party. A government crisis then ended his time in office and forced his government to be dissolved. Nhassé resigned as President of the PRS on November 15, 2002, and two days later, Mário Pires was appointed to succeed Nhassé as prime minister.
In the 2005 presidential election Nhassé supported the candidate João Bernardo Vieira. After Vieira's election, Nhassé called for Carlos Gomes Júnior to resign as prime minister; Gomes Junior then lost his parliamentary basis after 14 of 45 parliamentary delegates from Gomes' PAIGC left the party.
Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party. It failed to win any seats in the 2008 parliamentary election, and he accepted his party's defeat.
# Airwave Magic

The Airwave Magic is an Austrian single-place, paraglider that was designed by Bruce Goldsmith and produced by Airwave Gliders of Fulpmes. It is now out of production.

## Design and development

The Magic was designed as a competition glider.
The design progressed through several generations of models, including the Magic, Magic 2 and 3, each improving on the last. The three models are each named for their relative size.

## Operational history

The designer, Bruce Goldsmith, won the 2007 Paragliding World Championships held in Manilla, New South Wales, Australia, flying an Airwave Magic FR3.

## Variants
### Magic 3 S

    Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its wing has an area of 24.46 m$^2$ (263.3 sq ft), 71 cells and the aspect ratio is 6.03:1. The pilot weight range is 65 to 85 kg (143 to 187 lb). The glider model is DHV 2-3 certified.

### Magic 3 M

    Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its wing has an area of 26 m$^2$ (280 sq ft), 71 cells and the aspect ratio is 6.03:1. The pilot weight range is 80 to 105 kg (176 to 231 lb). The glider model is DHV 2-3 certified.

### Magic 3 L

    Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its wing has an area of 28.12 m$^2$ (302.7 sq ft), 71 cells and the aspect ratio is 6.03:1. The pilot weight range is 100 to 105 kg (220 to 231 lb). The glider model is DHV 2-3 certified.

## Specifications (Magic 2 M)

Data from Bertrand
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wing area: 26 m$^2$ (280 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 6.03:1
Performance
* Maximum speed: 55 km/h (34 mph, 30 kn)
# A Soldier and a Maker

A Soldier and a Maker is a piece of musical theatre written by Iain Burnside on the life story of the World War I poet and composer Ivor Gurney. It premiered in April 2012 at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, with Richard Goulding as Gurney. The production was designed by Giuseppe and Emma Belli. It was later adapted into a radio play broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 29 June 2014 as part of the "Music in the Great War" season. The radio adaptation retained many of the stage cast.

## Cast

| | April 2012 | Radio 2014 |
| Ivor Gurney | Richard Goulding | Richard Goulding |
| Winifred Gurney | | Stephanie Cole |
| Ethel Gurney | Bethan Langford | Bethan Langford |
| Marion Scott | | Jemma Redgrave |
| Herbert Howells/Reg/Ronald Gurney | | David Shaw Parker |
| Taylor | | Nick Allen |
| Rose/Radio Girl | | Holly Marie Bingham |
| Snowy/Dr | | Alexander Cobb |
| Billy | | Dominick Felix |
| Nurse Wallace | | Katie Grosset |
| Wilf | | Frazer Scott |
| Tug/Dr Terry | | Adam Sullivan |
| Florence/Helen/Nurse Drummond | | Zoe Waites |

## Reception

The show was praised for its book and for Goulding's performance as Gurney. There was some criticism of some of the supporting cast's acting.
# Dading Kalbuadi

Lieutenant General Dading Kalbuadi (14 April 1931 – 10 October 1999) was an Indonesian Army General and the commander during Operation Seroja (Operation Lotus) the Indonesian invasion of East Timor (1975–1976). He last served as an Inspector General of the Department of Defense of Indonesia.

## Early life

Dading Kalbuadi was born in Adipala, Cilacap Regency, Central Java, April 14, 1931. During the Indonesian War of Independence, he joined the "Indonesia Merdeka atau Mati" armed militia (IMAM) in Purwokerto, Banyumas from 1946 to 1950.

## Military career

Dading Kalbuadi continued his career to the Officer Candidate School in Bandung, where he befriended Benny Moerdani future General of the Indonesian Armed Forces. After graduating he joined the Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat (RPKAD) and continued his studies at Fort Benning, USA.
Dading Kalbuadi was deployed against Darul Islam rebels in West Java, and PRRI Rebels in Riau, as part of Operation Tegas, where he was shot in a rebel attack.
In 1975 he was assigned by Benny Moerdani, to Operation Flamboyan, in Portuguese Timor, where he was tasked with infiltrating the territory and supporting pro-Indonesian forces, in preparation for the main Indonesian invasion in Operation Seroja.
During the Indonesian Occupation of East Timor he obtained the rank of general and was appointed as the commander of the regional defense and security of East Timor, replacing Soewano.
After leaving East Timor in 1978 he became commander of Kodam IX/Udayana until 1983. When Benny Moerdani was promoted to Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces, Dading was given a promotion to Chief of the General Staff of the Indonesian Army, when Benny was promoted to Minister of Defense, Dading was promoted to Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

## Personal life

Dading Kalbuadi died in Jakarta on October 10, 1999
# Edmund Prentis

Edmund Astley Prentis, Jr. (1883 – March 12, 1967) was an American engineer and art collector. He was a former president of the American Standards Association.

## Biography

Prentis was born in New York City in 1883. His father, Edmund Astley Prentis, Sr. emigrated from England and worked as textile designer and importer. He graduated from Columbia School of Mines in 1906 as president of his class. After college, he worked in mines in Peru, Mexico, Arizona, and North Carolina before enlisting in the United States Navy during World War I.
He co-founded the engineering firm Spencer, White & Prentis with his Columbia classmates Lazarus White and Charles B. Spencer. The company became one of the leading foundation and marine engineering and construction companies, and Prentis was involved in the construction of a new foundation for the White House, the New York City Subway, a water tunnel under the Hudson River, as well as several Naval drydocks.
Prentis was a former president of the American Standards Association and a member of Tau Beta Pi. He also sat on the board of the New-York Historical Society and was a trustee of Columbia University, which awarded him with an honorary doctorate of science in 1956. He was also a recipient of the Alexander Hamilton Medal and the Thomas Egleston Medal for his contributions to his alma mater and achievements in engineering, respectively.
Prentis was involved in the recreation of historic rooms for the New Hampshire Historical Society, the New-York Historical Society, the Shelburne Museum in Vermont, and Columbia University. He was an art collector and his collections were featured at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New Hampshire Historical Society. He was also a noted collector of Columbiana, historical items related to Columbia University. His sister, Katherine Prentis Murphy, was also an art collector known for her collection of antiques. The Prentis House at the Shelburne Museum was named after the family. He was also the namesake of Columbia's Prentis Hall.

## Personal life and family

Prentis died on March 12, 1967, at age 83. He was survived by his wife, son, and four grandchildren.
His son, Edmund Astley Prentis III, was a principal in the family firm and a champion croquet player. His grandson, Edmund Astley Prentis IV, was also a croquet player and was the world's full-time croquet professional. Both of them were named to the Croquet Hall of Fame.
# Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death

The Quiche of Death (1992) is the first Agatha Raisin mystery novel by Marion Chesney under her pseudonym M. C. Beaton.

## Premise

Agatha Raisin retires from her profitable position as a PR agent in London and moves to the Cotswolds, expecting a peaceful country life. She enters a local baking contest with a quiche she bought in London; not only does she not win, but her quiche kills one of the judges. Desperate to prove her innocence, Agatha begins investigating the crime herself.
# Dirt (1979 film)

Dirt is a 1979 documentary film about off-road racing directed by Eric Karson and Cal Naylor.

## Premise

A man, Fred Cordon follows the off road racing circuit.

## Cast

* Clarke Gordon as Fred Gordon
* Curtis Credel as Tommy Robertson
* Kenny Griswold as Randy Gardner
* Debbie Gunn as Dee Williams
* Sunshine Parker as Swamp Rat Pickering
* Lisa Lindgren as Janice Hoffer
* Robert Hackman as Bob Holmes
* Parnelli Jones as Himself
* Rick Mears as Himself
* Mickey Thompson as Himself
* Malcolm Smith

## Production

The film was modeled on the motorcycle documentary On Any Sunday (1971), which had featured an executive producer of Dirt, Roger Riddell. The film was made over three and a half years. Parnelli Jones, who appears in the film, was an investor.
The film involved over 13 cameraman and two helicopters covering thousands of miles to shoot the footage.

## Reception

The film had was first released in Columbia and Albuquerque, then was rolled out throughout the country throughout 1979.
The Los Angeles Times called it a "friendly but boring docudrama about off-road racing without focus... like watching an interminable home movie."
However, it was a box office hit, earning rentals in the US and Canada of $7.9 million.
# Alamanno Salviati

Alamanno Salviati (20 March 1669 – 24 February 1733) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.
He was a descendant of Jacopo Salviati, and born in Florence to the prominent Salviati family. He was named a cardinal on 8 February 1730. The same year he was installed as Cardinal priest of the church of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli of Rome. He participated in the conclave of 1730. A son of Jacopo, named Alamanno, was a prominent politician in the early 16th century.
# Airwave Invasion

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Airwave Invasion is a compilation album by the turntablist Rob Swift featuring his X-Ecutioners bandmates, Roc Raida and Mista Sinista. It was released on June 8, 2001, by Triple Threat Records and was produced by the X-Ecutioners. The album combined The X-Ecutioners scratches and productions with classic R&B and jazz songs.

## Track listing

* "You Are My Starship" feat. Norman Connors
* "Unhooked Generation" feat. Freida Payne
* "Singing A Song For My Mother" feat. Hamilton Bohannon
* "You Roam When You Don't Get It At Home" feat. Sweet Inspirations
* "Ghetto: Misfortune's Wealth" feat. 24 Karat Black
* "Future Flavas Set #1" feat. Pete Rock & Marley Marl
* "Save Their Souls" feat. Hamilton Bohannon
* "On The Hill" feat. Oliver Sain
* "Future Flavas Set #2"
* "Tramp" feat. Lowell Fulsom
* "Interlude"
* "X-ecution Style" feat. Kool G. Rap & Big Pun
* "WNYU Set" feat. Mr. Mayhem & DJ Riz
* "The Creator Has A Master Plan" feat. Norman Connors
* "Interlude"
* "Don't It Drive You Crazy" Pointer Sisters
* "Holy Thursday" feat. David Axelrod
* "All That Scratching"
# Demand paging

In computer operating systems, demand paging (as opposed to anticipatory paging) is a method of virtual memory management. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only when an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory (i.e., if a page fault occurs). It follows that a process begins execution with none of its pages in physical memory, and triggers many page faults until most of its working set of pages are present in physical memory. This is an example of a lazy loading technique.

## Basic concept

Demand paging only brings pages into memory when an executing process demands them. This is often referred to as lazy loading, as only those pages demanded by the process are swapped from secondary storage to main memory. Contrast this to pure swapping, where all memory for a process is swapped from secondary storage to main memory when the process starts up or resumes execution.
Commonly, to achieve this process a memory management unit is used. The memory management unit maps logical memory to physical memory. Entries in the memory management unit include a bit that indicates whether a page is valid or invalid. A valid page is one that currently resides in main memory. An invalid page is one that currently resides in secondary memory. When a process tries to access a page, the following steps are generally followed:
* Attempt to access page.
* If page is valid (in memory) then continue processing instruction as normal.
* If page is invalid then a page-fault trap occurs.
* Check if the memory reference is a valid reference to a location on secondary memory. If not, the process is terminated (illegal memory access). Otherwise, we have to page in the required page.
* Schedule disk operation to read the desired page into main memory.
* Restart the instruction that was interrupted by the operating system trap.

## Advantages

Demand paging, as opposed to loading all pages immediately:
* Only loads pages that are demanded by the executing process.
* As there is more space in main memory, more processes can be loaded, reducing the context switching time, which utilizes large amounts of resources.
* Less loading latency occurs at program startup, as less information is accessed from secondary storage and less information is brought into main memory.
* As main memory is expensive compared to secondary memory, this technique helps significantly reduce the bill of material (BOM) cost in smart phones for example. Symbian OS had this feature.

## Disadvantages

* Individual programs face extra latency when they access a page for the first time.
* Low-cost, low-power embedded systems may not have a memory management unit that supports page replacement.
* Memory management with page replacement algorithms becomes slightly more complex.
* Possible security risks, including vulnerability to timing attacks; see Percival, Colin (2005-05-13). Cache missing for fun and profit (PDF). BSDCan 2005. (specifically the virtual memory attack in section 2).
* Thrashing which may occur due to repeated page faults.
# 2023 Peshawar blast

2023 Peshawar blast may refer to:
* Sarband police station attack
* 2023 Peshawar mosque bombing
* May 2023 Peshawar bombing
# Benjamin Clark House

The Benjamin Clark House is located on Glassboro Road in the township of Deptford, near the borough of Wenonah, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The historic red brick house was built around 1769 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1973, for its significance in architecture and military history.
The house was extended in 1801 and restored around 1940. It has features of Georgian and Federal architectures. Benjamin Clark was a farmer and soldier during the American Revolutionary War. He delivered grain to Valley Forge during the winter of 1777–1778.
# Abalos

Abalos is a surname. People with this surname include:
* Alfredo Ábalos (born 1986), Argentine footballer
* Benjamin Abalos (born 1935), Filipino politician
* Benjamin Abalos Jr. (born 1962), Filipino politician and son of the above
* Carmelita Abalos (born 1962), Filipino politician, wife of Benjamin Abalos Jr., and current mayor of Mandaluyong
* Coraje Ábalos (born 1972), Argentine actor
* Iñaki Ábalos (born 1956), Spanish architect and author
* Jason Abalos (born 1986), Filipino actor.
* Jing Abalos (born 1941), Filipino film actor
* José Luis Ábalos (born 1959), Spanish politician
* Rafael Ábalos (born 1956), Spanish fantasy author
# Aaron Jones (footballer, born 1881)

Aaron Jones (1881–1954) was an English professional footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League playing for Barnsley, Birmingham and Notts County. He played as a forward.
Jones was born in Walsall, Staffordshire. His scoring rate of a goal every other game for Barnsley, his first professional club, prompted First Division club Birmingham to pay £170 for his services in May 1905. However, he found himself unable to dislodge the established forwards, Billy Jones, Benny Green and Arthur Mounteney, and played only five games before moving on to fellow First Division club Notts County. Jones scored six goals in 22 league games for County, his last Football League club.
Jones died in Yorkshire in 1954.