OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Wheelock Thayer

Alexander Wheelock Thayer (October 22, 1817 – July 15, 1897) was an American librarian and journalist who became the author of the first scholarly biography of Ludwig van Beethoven. After many updates, it was still regarded as a standard work of reference by the composer.

## Life

In the winter of 1838–1839, he was a teacher at the Westfield School in Dedham, Massachusetts. He earned a BA and LLB from Harvard University.
Originally a librarian at Harvard Law School, Thayer became aware of many discrepancies in the biography of Beethoven by Anton Schindler, Beethoven's sometime amanuensis, which had first appeared in 1840. (Schindler's reliability has since been extensively discussed by later scholars.) In 1849, Thayer sailed for Europe to undertake his own research, learning German and collecting information. Supporting himself with journalism and after many privations, he was eventually appointed as US Consul in Trieste, where he was able to pursue his labors. The first edition of the biography (in German) in three volumes, covering Beethoven's life to 1816, was published between 1866 and 1879. The work was completed by Thayer's German colleague Hermann Deiters and, after Deiters's death, by Hugo Riemann, who produced volumes 4 (1907) and 5 (1908) from Thayer's notes, covering Beethoven's life from 1817 to his death in 1827.
Thayer's work on Beethoven set a benchmark for modern standards of accuracy, research, and analysis in biography. In 1865, Thayer wrote, "I fight for no theories and cherish no prejudices; my sole point of view is the truth."
Henry Edward Krehbiel, who created the first English edition of the biography in 1921, wrote of Thayer in 1917: "His industry, zeal, keen power of analysis, candor and fair-mindedness won the confidence of all with whom he came into contact except the literary charlatans whose romances he was bent on destroying in the interest of the verities of history."
Krehbiel also penned his own volume four, which was published posthumously in 1925. The most recent version of the biography is revised and edited by Elliot Forbes.
# Akagündüz

Akagündüz is a Turkish given name and surname, which may refer to
* Akagündüz Kutbay (1934–1979), Turkish musician
* Muhammet Akagündüz, Turkish-born Austrian footballer
# American Orff-Schulwerk Association

The American Orff-Schulwerk Association (AOSA) is an organization of American music educators dedicated to utilizing, advancing and preserving Orff-Schulwerk, a developmental learning approach to music education which was created by composer Carl Orff and his colleague Gunild Keetman. It is an affiliate of the National Association for Music Education, the National Music Council, and the Orff-Schulwerk Forum in Salzburg, Austria. With approximately 4,500 members, it is one of the larger professional organizations for music educators in the United States.
AOSA offers several opportunities for professional development, including an annual national conference and the quarterly academic journal The Orff Echo. The organization has 96 local chapters throughout the United States which also provide workshops locally to their members. AOSA is also responsible for accrediting and organizing graduate level certifications in Orff-Schulwerk at numerous universities throughout the United States. A certificate in Orff-Schulwerk requires the successful completion of three graduate level courses in Orff-Schulwerk.

## History

AOSA was founded in 1968 in Muncie, Indiana by ten music teachers. Its founding members were:
* Arnold E. Burkart
* Isabel McNeill Carley
* Norman Goldberg
* Ruth Pollock Hamm
* Joachim Matthesius
* Elizabeth Nichols
* Jacobeth Postl
* Wilma Salzman
* Jacques Schneider
* William Wakeland

## AOSA accredited graduate courses

The following is a list of universities that offer AOSA accredited graduate music studies in Orff-Schulwerk:

## Citations

* ↑ Mark and Madora, p. 104-106.
* ↑ Chandler, Michael. "AOSA History & Founders". American Orff-Schulwerk Association. Retrieved 16 September 2018.

## Sources

* Michael Mark (2008). A Concise History of American Music Education. R&L Education. pp. 159–160.
* Michael L. Mark; Patrice Madura (2012). Contemporary Music Education, 4th ed. Cengage Learning. pp. 104–106.
# Lestaillats Marls Formation

The Lestaillats Marls Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in France. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.
# Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in which the Court significantly expanded the interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution of India. It overruled A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, which had implied the exclusiveness of fundamental rights, and established a relationship between Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution (known as the 'golden triangle' or 'trinity'),$^{:222}$ holding that a law depriving a person of 'personal liberty' must not violate any of them.$^{:220}$ Once again overruling A. K. Gopalan, the Court in this case held that a 'procedure' under Article 21 of the Constitution cannot be arbitrary, unfair, oppressive, or unreasonable.$^{:220}$
The decision had a significant influence on Indian constitutional law and has been described as the moment when the Supreme Court of India rejected "three decades of formalist interpretation, and inaugurated a new path where Courts would expand the rights of individuals against the State, instead of limiting or contracting them."

## Background

Maneka Gandhi's passport was impounded 'in the public interest' by an order dated 2 July 1977.$^{:273}$ When reasons for impounding her passport was sought, the Government of India declined to provide any "in the interests of the general public."$^{:273}$
Gandhi filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, challenging the order on the grounds that it violated Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. The Union responded in their written submissions that her passport was impounded because her presence was likely to be required in connection with legal proceedings before a 'Commission of Inquiry'.

## Judgement

Justice P. N. Bhagwati delivered a judgment for a plurality of the Court, writing for himself and Justices Untwalia and Fazal Ali.$^{:273}$ Chief Justice Beg,$^{:390}$ Justice Chandrachud,$^{:322}$ and Justice Krishna Iyer wrote separate judgments concurring with the plurality.$^{:328}$
Justice Kailasam wrote a dissenting opinion.$^{:350}$
The Court did not pass an order on the specific matter of Maneka Gandhi's passport, writing that "[i]n view of the statement made by the Attorney-General that the Government is agreeable to consider any representation that may be made by the petitioner in respect of impounding of her passport . . . it is not necessary to formally interfere with the impugned order..."$^{:322}$
# Itahipeus

Itahipeus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.
# Ginger garlic masala

Ginger garlic masala is a crushed mixture of raw ginger and garlic cloves.
Optionally, salt is added to the ginger garlic paste while crushing.
This compounded mixture is often used in Indian curries and vegetable dishes in many parts of India. It is also used in Thai cuisine.
The mixture has some beneficial properties and also enhances the taste and flavour of the dish it is added to. Ginger is especially well known for its digestive properties.
Ideally, the paste or masala should be freshly prepared using a grindstone. However, due to scarcity of time and unavailability of a grindstone, people may use a mixer-grinder appliance to prepare the paste. These days, the paste is also available as a ready-made preserve in many departmental stores or groceries.
# AeroXperience

AeroXperience is a Windows enthusiast blog/community cited numerous times for various Microsoft-related articles. As of May 8, 2009, AeroXperience ranks within the top 70,000 sites on the internet according to Netcraft. It is semi-frequently cited for information on upcoming Microsoft technologies and has a media presence at most Microsoft conventions. On November 20, 2009, it was renamed to winJade.

## Notable Articles

AeroXperience has been cited thus far for at least the following notable articles:
* Internet Explorer 8 can be removed from Windows 7.
* A lesson on infinite loops (analyzing the Zune 30 leap year glitch)
* The Ultimate Steal (no, really)
* The Five Pillars of Windows 7
* Q & A with Amitabh Srivastava
* Hypothetical thoughts on what Windows 7 Milestone 3 might have

## Cultural Memes

AeroXperience's chief editor, Bryant Zadegan, along with fellow blogger Rafael Rivera (unaffiliated with AeroXperience) are responsible for at least one extension of Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer's "Developers" routine, as seen at MIX08.
# Ilé Axé Asìpá

Ilé Axé Asìpá, also known as the Sociedade Cultural e Religiosa Ilê Axipá is an Afro-Brazilian terreiro in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It was founded by Descoscoredes Maximiliano dos Santos (1917–2013), commonly known as Maestre Didi, in 1980. Ilé Axé Asìpá is dedicated to the worship of egum or male ancestors, in contrast to Candomblé terreiros dedicated to the worship of orixás, or deities of the Yoruba pantheon. Terreiros dedicated to egum appeared in Brazil in the early 19th century, largely by slaves associated with the city of Oyo in Nigeria. The chief priest in an egum terreiro is known as a Ojé or Babá Ojé. The hierarchy of egum terreiros is strictly patriarchal; unlike Candomblé temples, women are not initiated into leadership roles.
While dedicated to the worship of egum, Ilê Axipá is associated with the Ketu sect of Candomblé.

## History

Ilê Axipá is located on Rua da Gratidão in the Piatã neighborhood of Salvador at the margins of Paz neighborhood. The ethnologist Maria Gabriela Hita noted that despite the stature of Mestre Didi and visits by prominent figures in Bahian society, the terreiro has few followers in the neighborhood and has not participated in its urban renewal or other social movements.

## Lineage

* Maestre Didi (1980–2013)

## Protected status

The Institute of Artistic and Cultural Heritage of Bahia listed the Ilé Axé Asìpá as a state heritage site in 2017.
# Fairfield House

Fairfield House may refer to:
* Fairfield House, Bath in Newbridge, Bath, England and the Home in Exile of Emperor Haile Selassie
* Fairfield House, Nelson, New Zealand
* Fairfield House at Uppingham School, England
* Rocky Mills, a c. 1750 colonial house relocated to Henrico County, Virginia, USA and renamed Fairfield
# Magdalena Zahuatlán

Magdalena Zahuatlán is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 70.2 km².
It is part of the Nochixtlán District in the southeast of the Mixteca Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 422.
# Amanda (Jimmy Jansson song)

"Amanda" is an uptempo song written by Thomas G:son and Jimmy Jansson, and performed by Jimmy Jansson at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the competition inside Scandinavium on 10 February 2007, and went further to Andra chansen, but failed to reach the final inside the Stockholm Globe Arena. The song was originally written for Melodifestivalen 2004, but was rejected, which happened again when applying for Melodifestivalen 2005 and 2006.

## Single

Released as a single on 5 March 2007, it peaked at third position at the Swedish singles chart. A 22 April 2007 attempt to also enter Svensktoppen, however, failed.

## Track listing

* Amanda
* Vild & vacker
* Amanda (singback)

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 3 |

## Other recording

Spanish group D'NASH recorded the song with lyrics in Spanish, and released it as a single in 2007.
# JCCI

JCCI may mean:
* Jacksonville Community Council, Inc., a think tank and community affairs organization in Jacksonville, Florida
* Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, a trade organization from Japan that has offices around the world
* Jeddah Chamber of Commerce & Industry, a trade organization in Saudi Arabia
* Johannesburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry, a trade organization from South Africa
* Joint Center for Crop Innovation, an agricultural research group with the University of Melbourne in Australia
# Geoffroea

Geoffroea is a rather small genus of wild spiny shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical South America. Although it gathers few species, they are highly extended geographically throughout the subcontinent. Each species is well known in its local area, as seen from the varied (and mostly domestic) usage of these trees as food, timber, or fuel. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
# Leptostylopsis viridicomus

Leptostylopsis viridicomus is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Fisher in 1942.
# Maritiman

Maritiman is a floating maritime museum on the Göta Älv, in Gothenburg, Sweden. The museum's collection comprises 19 vessels, the oldest being HSwMS Sölve from 1875.

## The collection

All of the vessels are afloat on the river. The collection includes:
* Cargo ship Fryken
* HSwMS Småland, Halland-class destroyer
* Repair ship ESAB IV
* Fireboat Flodsprutan II
* Gothenburg barge
* Lightship Fladen
* HSwMS Kalmarsund, minelaying vessel
* HSwMS Sölve, Hildur-class monitor
* Port ferry Dan Broström
* Port towboat Stormprincess
* HSwMS Nordkaparen, Draken-class submarine
* Towboat Herkules
* HSwMS Hugin, Hugin-class patrol boat
# Anyway You Want Me (Rednex song)

"Anyway You Want Me" is a country-dance song by the Swedish band Rednex, released on March 7, 2007 via Universal Records, as the third single of their independently released third studio album The Cotton Eye Joe Show.

## Track listing

* "Anyway You Want Me" (Single Version) - 3:03
* "Anyway You Want Me" (Instrumental Version) - 3:01

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 8 |
# Eranina argentina

Eranina argentina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bruch in 1911. It is known from Argentina and Paraguay.
# Alex Edelstein

Alex Edelstein (born January 17, 1969) is a high-tech manager and reality television participant.

## Career

Alex Edelstein is currently a Vice President of Product Management at Salesforce. Previously he was the founder and Head of Product Development of The Fr8 Company, a web service that integrates SaaS services such as Slack, Salesforce, and DocuSign. Previously, he created Servio (formerly CloudCrowd) a company in the crowdsourcing space that he co-founded with Jordan Ritter in 2009. Before CloudCrowd, he was a real estate developer and the head of Gemstone Development, which was responsible for the ManhattanWest and Manhattan condominiums. He previously held engineering and management roles at Cloudmark and Inktomi. He product managed the early versions of Netscape Navigator. Additionally, he was on the original design team for Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft Outlook.

## Reality Television

On April 2, 2009, he was featured on the reality TV show The Millionaire Matchmaker.

## Community

He has provided television analysis on both real estate and high-tech topics. He was on the Board of Directors of Kiva.org, a non-profit company that facilities micro-lending in developing countries.
He graduated from Harvard College.
# American Epic (disambiguation)

American Epic is a film series by Bernard MacMahon.
American Epic may also refer to:
* American Epic (film series), a 2017 documentary series by Bernard MacMahon
** American Epic: The Soundtrack, a 2017 soundtrack to the documentary series
* The American Epic Sessions, an award-winning 2017 film by Bernard MacMahon
** Music from The American Epic Sessions: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, a 2017 soundtrack to the film The American Epic Sessions
* American Epic: The First Time America Heard Itself, a 2017 book based on the film series
* American Epic: The Collection, a 2017 album set based on the film series
* American Epic: The Best of Blues
* American Epic: The Best of Country
* American Epic: The Best of Mississippi John Hurt
* American Epic: The Best of The Carter Family
* American Epic: The Best of Lead Belly
* American Epic: The Best of Blind Willie Johnson
* American Epic: The Best of the Memphis Jug Band
# Lesimano Island

Lesimano Island (also called Brewer Island) is an island off the north coast of Sariba, in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Administration

The island belongs to Sidudu Ward of Bwanabwana Rural Local Level Government Area LLG, Samarai-Murua District, which are in Milne Bay Province.

## Geography

The island is part of the Sariba group, itself a part of Samarai Islands of the Louisiade Archipelago.

## Demographics

The island was previously inhabited.
# Geocharidius

Geocharidius is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 18 described species in Geocharidius.

## Species

These 18 species belong to the genus Geocharidius:
* Geocharidius andersoni Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius antigua Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius balini Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius celaquensis Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius comayaguanus Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius disjunctus Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius erwini Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius gimlii Erwin, 1982
* Geocharidius integripennis (Bates, 1882)
* Geocharidius jalapensis Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius lencanus Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius longinoi Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius minimus Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius phineus Erwin, 1982
* Geocharidius romeoi Erwin, 1982
* Geocharidius tagliantii Erwin, 1982
* Geocharidius vignatagliantii Sokolov & Kavanaugh, 2014
* Geocharidius zullinii Vigna Taglianti, 1973
# Işıkkale

Işıkkale (meaning the "castle of light") is an ancient settlement in Turkey.
Işıkkale is located at 36°26′22″N 34°00′35″E﻿ / ﻿36.43944°N 34.00972°E﻿ / 36.43944; 34.00972 in the rural area of Silifke ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. Işıkkale was established in the Taurus Mountains. Its distance from Silifke is 17 kilometres (11 mi) and from Mersin is 77 kilometres (48 mi). Işıkkale is between two other archaeologically important sites; Karakabaklı and Sinekkale.
The visitors follow the Turkish state highway D-400 which runs in parallel to Mediterranean Sea coast. 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Atakent, the visitors turn to north for about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi). The settlement is situated on both sides of the road.
The original name of the settlement is not known. It dates back to Hellenistic, Roman and the early Byzantine ages. There are many buildings, cisterns, wineries, and olive oil presses. In most of the buildings polygonal masonry is used . But there are also buildings of a later era such as a three-nave basilica.
# 61

61 may refer to:
* 61 (number)
* one of the years 61 BC, AD 61, 1961, 2061
* In some countries, a slang name for the Cyrillic letter Ы
* 61*, a 2001 American sports drama film
* "Sixty One", a song by Karma to Burn from the album Mountain Czar, 2016
* 61 Danaë, a main-belt asteroid
# Green S

Green S is a green synthetic coal tar triarylmethane dye with the molecular formula C$_{27}$H$_{25}$N$_2$O$_7$S$_2$Na.
As a food dye, it has E number E142. It can be used in mint sauce, desserts, gravy granules, sweets, ice creams, and tinned peas. Green S is prohibited as a food additive in Canada, United States, Japan, and Norway. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU and Australia and New Zealand.
Green S is a vital dye, meaning it can be used to stain living cells. It is used in ophthalmology, along with fluorescein and rose bengal, to diagnose various disorders of the eye's surface, dry eyes for example.
# L.A. Wolves

L.A. Wolves may refer to:
* Los Angeles Wolves; member of United Soccer Association in 1967 and North American Soccer League in 1968
* L.A. Wolves FC; member of United Premier Soccer League which are based in Torrence, California and began play in 2014
# Alexander Molinari

Alexander Molinari, also known as Alessandro and Alois (5 January 1772, Berlin – 20 January 1831, Dresden) was a Kingdom of Prussia-born portrait painter of Italian ancestry. He worked in several countries, but is best-known for his portraits of the Russian and Polish nobility.

## Biography

From 1787, he studied at the Berlin Academy of Arts, where he excelled in portraits. After graduating, he worked in Rome (1795), Vienna (1796-1797), Glogau and, around 1800, Weimar. While decorating a church in Glogau, he met and befriended the writer, E. T. A. Hoffmann. Later, he would be the inspiration for the artist, "Berthold", in Hoffmann's story, The Jesuit Church in G (1817).
The year 1806 found him in Saint Petersburg, where he was warmly welcomed by Salvatore Tonci, the unofficial leader of an Italian artists' colony in Moscow. By 1807, he was well-established as a portrait painter. In 1810, with Tonci's assistance, he was able to find employment as a drawing teacher for the family of Count Dmitri Buturin [ru], a bibliophile and amateur poet: living on his estate north of Obninsk.
He soon became a favorite artist of the Russian aristocracy; who admired his knowledge of foreign art, and corresponded with many, including Tsar Alexander I. Occasionally, he collaborated with another well-known portraitist, Orest Kiprensky.
In 1816, he and Kiprensky both left Russia; possibly for political reasons. He went to Warsaw, and lived there until 1822. This was followed by periods in Berlin and Dresden, where he died suddenly, from a stroke, at the age of fifty-nine.
His works may be seen at the Hermitage Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, and the Pushkin Museum.

## Selected portraits

* Prince Yegor Golitsyn [ru]
* Duke Augustus and his wife, Louise
* Countess Natalia Zubova [ru]
* Prince Vladimir Golitsyn [ru]
* Countess Natalia Saltykova-Golovkina [ru]
* Count Karl de Balmen [ru]
# American Gothic Press

American Gothic Press (AGP) is an American comic book imprint of Famous Monsters of Filmland magazine. Established in 2015, it focuses predominantly on the kaiju, science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres, reflecting the tastes of Honorary Famous Monsters Editor-in-Chief Forrest J Ackerman.
AGP officially launched in June 2015 with Gunsuits, a four-issue science fiction limited series. In 2016, AGP obtained the license for Irwin Allen's classic TV series Lost in Space and published adaptations of the previously unseen teleplays written by Carey Wilber.

## Series

* Gunsuits, written by Paul Tobin and illustrated by P.J. Holden (2015)
* Bornhome, written by Paul Tobin and illustrated by Jeff Johnson (2015)
* Broken Moon, written by Steve Niles and illustrated by Nat Jones (2015)
* Project Nemesis (comic book adaptation), written by Jeremy Robinson and illustrated by Matt Frank (2015)
* Monster World, written by Philip Kim and Steve Niles, illustrated by Piotr Kowalski, and colored by Dennis Calero (2015)
* Irwin Allen's Lost in Space: The Lost Adventures, a six-issue series based on two unproduced Lost In Space scripts originally written for television by Carey Wilber, adapted by Holly Interlandi, and illustrated by Kostas Pantoulas and Patrick McEvoy (2016)
* Killbox, written by Tom Riordan and illustrated by Nathan Gooden (2016)
* Thin, written and illustrated by Jon Clark (2016)
* Gunsuits: Alix, a one-shot written by Philip Kim and Holly Interlandi and illustrated by Dennis Calero (2016)
* Broken Moon: Legends of the Deep, written by Philim Kim and Ben Meares and illustrated by Nat Jones (2016)
* Invisible Hands, written by Laszlo Tamasfi and illustrated by Michael Malatini (2017)
* Killbox: Chicago, written by Tom Riordan and illustrated by Marco Ferrari (2017)

## Other titles

* Tales From the Acker-Mansion, a hardcover anthology of graphic short stories to honor Forrest J Ackerman, with stories by John Carpenter, Richard C. Matheson, John 5, Dan DiDio, William F. Nolan, Cullen Bunn, Joe R. Lansdale, and others (2016)