OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cales Dale

Cales Dale is a short valley towards the head of Lathkill Dale near Monyash, Derbyshire, in the Peak District of England.
Cales Dale is included within Lathkill Dale as part of the Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve and is popular with tourists who visit for its natural environment and wildlife. Natural England manages the reserve which covers five separate dales of the White Peak (Lathkill Dale, Cressbrook Dale, Hay Dale, Long Dale and Monk’s Dale). The Lathkill Dale Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) includes Cales Dale and is known for its range of wildflower species (including orchids and the rare Jacob's ladder), butterflies, ancient woodland and the presence of birds of prey, dippers, woodpeckers and water voles. Most of Cales Dale is designated as Open Access Land under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.
The Medieval settlement on the north western slopes of Cales Dale is a Scheduled Monument. The monument consists of earthwork remains from a settlement related to the neighbouring monastic grange at One Ash, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. In the late 12th century the Cistercian monks of Roche Abbey established the grange. The foundations of a building 20m long by 12m wide have been identified. Parts of a stone cross head, from the 10th or 11th century were found nearby and are now on display in Buxton Museum. One Ash Grange Farm's farmhouse, barn and pigstyes are Grade II listed buildings.
Calling Low bowl barrow is a Bronze Age burial mound above the east side of Cales Dale and is a Scheduled Monument. It was excavated by Thomas Bateman in 1846. He found a cist containing a human skeleton, a sandstone sphere and flint tools.
The Limestone Way long-distance footpath crosses Cales Dale near One Ash Grange Farm.
There are parking areas near Monyash at the top end of Lathkill Dale. There is also a car park at Moor Lane towards Youlgreave.
The 'Battle of Wits' scene of the film The Princess Bride was shot at the foot of Cales Dale in 1986.
# Dunninald Castle

Dunninald Castle is a privately owned country house south of Montrose in Angus, Scotland, which was listed as Category A by Historic Scotland in 1971.

## History

The name Dunninald is derived from the Gaelic expressions "Dun" (fortification, castle) and "Ard" (high, towering). Dunninald has given its name to three buildings since the Middle Ages. The first Dunninald Castle referred to a castle known colloquially as Black Jack Castle on a cliff above the North Sea.
The second building was a manor house, built around 1590, which was near the location of today's building. the property was held by the Gray family until 1610 Patrick Leighton of Usan acquired the property in 1617 before it passed to Thomas Allardyce of Allardyce through marriage in 1663. It was sold to the Scotts of Usan in 1696. The foundations of the surrounding park were probably laid during the 17th century. In the 1800s the property passed to the Scotts of Logie. The merchant, chairman of the East India Company and later politician David Scott bought Dunninald from his brother Archibald in 1786 after his return from India. Scott entrusted James Playfair with the design of a new mansion and a planned settlement however Scott's numerous obligations and poor health, as well as Playfair's death in 1794, meant that the plans were not implemented.
After Scott's death in 1805, his son inherited the property but having inherited another property, he sold Dunninald to Robert Spears. In 1811, the estate was acquired by Peter Arkley and he hired the Scottish architect James Gillespie Graham to build a new house. Construction began in 1819 and was completed in 1824. The gardens and parks were developed around the turn of the twentieth century and the present building has remained largely unchanged to this day. Patrick Arkley's daughter, Eliza Arkley, married John Stansfeld (1840–1928) of Field House, Sowerby, and it remains the residence of the Stansfeld family.

## Architecture

Dunninald Castle is a large two-storey Gothic Revival castellated mansion house was completed in 1824 by the architect James Gillespie Graham. It has a three-storey corner tower and stair turret and good interiors.
# Dunbarton, Argyll and Bute (Commonwealth Parliament constituency)

During the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, called the Protectorate, the Scottish sheriffdoms of Dunbarton, Argyll and Bute were jointly represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons at Westminster from 1654 until 1659.
# Duncan Gray (disambiguation)

Duncan Gray was 7th Bishop of Mississippi, consecrated in 1974.
Duncan Gray may also refer to:
* Duncan Montgomery Gray Sr. (1898–1966), 5th Bishop of Mississippi, consecrated in 1942
* Duncan Montgomery Gray III, 9th Bishop of Mississippi
# Calliotropis acherontis

Calliotropis acherontis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off East Australia, New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands and New Caledonia.
# Calliotropis abyssicola

Calliotropis abyssicola is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

## Description

It can have a shell size of up to 10mm.

## Distribution

It can be found in the Mid-Pacific Seamounts between the Marshall Islands and Hawaii.
# Dumitru Fărcaș

Dumitru Fărcaș (13 May 1938 – 7 August 2018) was a Romanian taragot player. He played on all major stages in the world and made the taragot known all over the world.
He was born in the Groși village, in Maramureș. He grew up in a family of pipe players, and his older brothers played the clarinet. He studied the oboe at the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy in Cluj-Napoca.
He was the leader of the "Mărțișorul" orchestra from 1962, with which he won many national and international awards.
Fărcaș was made honorary citizen of the cities Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest, Reșița, and Baia Mare, as well as Pyongyang.
In 2008 he was awarded the Doctor honoris causa degree by the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy.
In 2009 he became the honorary patron of the taragot website "11fhMSE.com".
In May 2018, during televised celebrations for his 80th birthday, Fărcaș was knighted by Romania's president Klaus Iohannis. He received the National Order of Faithful Service. As a result, Dumitru was buried with military honours in August 2018.
# 635 Group

The 635 Group is a network of militant anti-fascists operating in West Yorkshire. Part of the Antifa movement of the 2000s, 635 Group was highly active in suppressing the British People's Party until its dissolution in 2013.
# Duncan Inglis Cameron

Duncan Inglis Cameron OBE (26 August 1927 – 7 May 2006) was a university administrator and Secretary of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.

## Early life

Born in Glasgow, he attended the academically rigorous Glasgow High School, and then went on to study law at the University of Glasgow. During the years 1945 - 1948, he performed his national service flying with the RAF, after which he began his administrative career as a Chartered Accountant's apprentice with Alfred Tongue & Co. In 1951 he progressed to become a qualified assistant with Cooper Bros & Co.
Cameron's first step into working within a university came in 1952, when he was appointed an assistant accountant of the University of Edinburgh remaining there for 13 years. In 1965 he took up the position of Secretary at the, then new, Heriot-Watt University.

## University Secretary of Heriot-Watt

Heriot Watt University gained its royal charter in 1967 and became one of the UK's new technological universities. Cameron served as the university's Secretary for 25 years until his retirement in 1992. During this time, he worked with five principals, two acting principals, four chairmen of court and two chancellors.
Cameron's legacies at the university include:
* In 1967, initiating one of the first chairs in accountancy and finance, an innovative approach for training graduate-level accountants.
* Between 1969 and 1992, he played a key role in the transfer of Heriot-Watt's campus from its city location to a new campus at Riccarton, an ambitious and successful plan involving negotiations with the University Grants Committee.
* developing strategies for the transfer of technology and techniques into industry, resulting in entities such as Unilink, the pioneering industrial liaison unit, dedicated technology transfer units including the Institute of Offshore Engineering, Computer Applications Services, the Medical Laser Unit, the Marine Science Unit and the opening of the first UK university research park in 1971.
* Heriot-Watt's reputation as 'Norway's University in Scotland' was largely due to Cameron's work in establishing links with Norway. He was later recognised for his achievements by the King of Norway.
* From 1967 to 1990, he represented Heriot-Watt's interests on the Universities Central Council on Admissions.

## Achievements outside work

Cameron contributed much to society outside of his work with Heriot-Watt. His work to strengthen Scotland's historical links with Norway were honoured with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, awarded by the King Olav V in 1979. He was also an active member of the Norwegian Scottish Association. He served as Justice of the Peace for several decades and was a highly respected session clerk of St Ninian's Church in Corstorphine, Edinburgh.
From 1983 to 1988 he served as chairman of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and from 1989, became an honorary fellow. In the 1991 New Year Honours he was awarded an OBE by the Queen and the following year, in 1991, the honorary degree of Doctor of the University was conferred on him by Heriot-Watt University. His obituary was published in The Scotsman on Tuesday 6 June 2006.
# Dudinin, Western Australia

Dudinin is a small remote town located in the Shire of Kulin in Western Australia, with a population of 72.

## Location

Dudinin is located 37 kilometres southeast of the town of Kulin in the Weatbelt region of southeast WA.

## History

On 23 April 1915, Dudinin was founded in preparation for a proposed railway that would travel southeast from Narrogin through Yilliminning. It would run through Dudinin in preference to Wogalin. The railway line was taken over by the government on 15 March 1915 and the line opened on 16 March.
Many businesses relocated from Wogalin to Dudinin, resulting in Dudinin's substantial growth. Wogalin School was dismantled and relocated to Dudinin in 1921.
The government water scheme allowed water from Wellington Dam Hydro Power Station in Collie to be pumped and used in Dudinin in 1970, and in 1973 electricity was provided to the town.
# Duncan Vignale

Duncan Vignale is a Canadian judoka who has played a significant role in the development of judo in Canada and especially Ontario. He has held several important positions such as President of Judo Ontario and Vice-President of Judo Canada, coached the Ontario judo team, and served as a kata judge for the International Judo Federation. He won the Syl Apps Special Achievement Award in 2011, was made a Lifetime Member of Judo Ontario in 2013, and is one of just seventeen Canadian judoka to achieve the rank of hachidan (eighth dan). Vignale was also selected as an alternate to Doug Rogers for the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## Interviews

* "Duncan Vignale – Part One". The Dr. Vibe Show (Podcast). 14 March 2010.
* "Duncan Vignale – Part Two – "You Have To Put Pork Chops On The Table"". The Dr. Vibe Show (Podcast). 27 March 2010.
* "Duncan Vignale – Part Three – "The Watermelon Story"". The Dr. Vibe Show (Podcast). 19 July 2010.
# Duncan W. Clark

Duncan William Clark, MD (1910 – 5 August 2007) was an American public health and preventive medicine specialist. He is best known for advocating the addition of fluoride to the New York City's water supply to prevent tooth decay.

## Education

Clark was born in New York City. He studied at Fordham University and gained a medical degree at Long Island College Hospital Medical School in 1936.

## Career

Clark served as Dean of the Long Island College of Medicine. He chaired the Department of Environmental Medicine and Community Health at the State University of New York, Brooklyn from 1951 to 1978, becoming a professor emeritus in 1982.
He edited a textbook, Preventive Medicine (1967), with Brian MacMahon (republished as Preventive and Community Medicine, 1981).

## Awards and legacy

Clark served as president of the New York Academy of Medicine (1983–84). The Annual Duncan W. Clark Lecture in Health Policy of the New York Academy of Medicine is named in his honour.
The Duncan Clark Award and the Duncan Clark Lectureship of the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research are also named for him. He was the first recipient of the Duncan Clark Award in 1974 and received the Duncan Clark Lectureship in 1992.

## Publications

* Clark DW, MacMahon B, eds. Preventive Medicine (J&A Churchill; Little, Brown; 1967) (ISBN 0316145556); reissued as Clark DW, MacMahon B, eds. Preventive and Community Medicine (Little, Brown; 1981) (ISBN 0316145963)
# Dundgarh

Dundgarh is a village in Bachhrawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 1,397, in 270 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Dundgarh as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 626 people (320 male and 306 female), in 139 households and 127 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 608 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Dundgarh as having a population of 813 people, in 173 households, and having an area of 248.88 hectares.
# 7-bone roast

The 7-bone roast (also known as the center-cut pot roast) or 7-bone steak is from the chuck section of the steer or heifer and it includes a cross cut of the shoulder blade. The bone is shaped like the numeral "7", which gives these cuts their name. The steak differs from the 7-bone roast only in thickness: 7-bone steaks are cut 1⁄2- to 3⁄4-inch thick.
Like most of the chuck, the 7-bone roast or "steak" is generally considered a rather tough cut of meat and is most suitable for a long cooking in liquid at a low heat, such as braising.

## Butchering

According to the USDA Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications (IMPS) the "Blade Portion, Boneless" of a beef chuck butchers to 22–25 lbs in a smaller animal (Range A) and in excess of 34 lbs in a large animal (Range D).
# Duncan Steel

Duncan I. Steel (born 1955) is a British space scientist. He has discovered several minor planets and has written four popular science books. He is a member of the International Astronomical Union, and has worked at the Xerra Earth Observation Institute in Nelson, in the South Island of New Zealand. He was formerly on the staff of the University of Salford in the United Kingdom. Steel completed a PhD at the University of Canterbury in 1984 with a thesis on the orbital characteristics of meteoroids.
Between 1990 and 1994 he discovered twelve numbered minor planets. The asteroid 4713 Steel, discovered by Robert McNaught in 1989, is named after him.
In August 2022 Steel pleaded guilty to burglary and breaching the New Zealand Harmful Digital Communications Act. He was sentenced to 12 months' house arrest and ordered to pay $3000 in reparation for emotional harm.
Minor planets discovered: 12 :
| 5263 Arrius | 13 April 1991 |
| 6828 Elbsteel | 12 November 1990 |
| 9038 Helensteel | 12 November 1990 |
| 9193 Geoffreycopland | 10 March 1992 |
| 9758 Dainty | 13 April 1991 |
| 9767 Midsomer Norton | 10 March 1992 |
| 10107 Kenny | 27 March 1992 |
| 16578 Essjayess | 29 March 1992 |
| 24734 Kareness | 10 March 1992 |
| 55815 Melindakim | 31 December 1994 |
| 58196 Ashleyess | 10 March 1992 |
| 69311 Russ | 21 August 1992 |

## Books

* Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets: The Search for the Million Megaton Menace That Threatens Life on Earth. New York: Wiley. 1995. ISBN 0-471-30824-2. (with a foreword by Arthur C. Clarke).
* Target earth. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association. 2000. ISBN 0-7621-0298-5. (with an afterword by Arthur C. Clarke).
* Marking Time: The Epic Quest to Invent the Perfect Calendar. New York: Wiley. 2000. ISBN 0-4712-9827-1.
* Eclipse: The Celestial Phenomenon That Changed the Course of History. Washington D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. 2001. ISBN 0-309-07438-X. (with a foreword by Paul Davies).
# Dune Dam

Dune Dam is a long sand dune that lies at the western end of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, near the confluence of the Chaco and Escavada Washs. The dune was created by winds that brought sand up the Chaco River. When the dune was large enough, it dammed the Chaco Wash and created a small and shallow lake near the Ancestral Puebloan great house, Penasco Blanco. Archeological evidence suggests that the dune was breached around 900 CE. Chacoans filled the breach with masonry sometime in the early 11th century, and built an accompanying reservoir lined with stones that was visible until 1920. The dam stopped Chaco Wash from further deepening, which helped raise the water table in the canyon, aiding Chacoan farming. The absence of a lacustrine plain behind the dam led geologist Stephen A. Hall to question this interpretation.
# Dune Buggy (song)

"Dune Buggy" is a song by the American alternative rock band the Presidents of the United States of America, released as the fourth and final single from their first album The Presidents of the United States of America (1995) on July 8, 1996. The song reached number 2 in Iceland, number 15 in the United Kingdom, number 16 in Australia, and number 29 in Ireland.

## Track listings

Initial pressing
* "Dune Buggy" – 2:45
* "Back Porch" (live) – 2:58
* "Kick Out the Jams" (live) – 2:30
* "Video Killed the Radio Star" (live) – 3:49
US promo
* "Dune Buggy" (video edit) – 2:44
* "Dune Buggy" (LP version) – 3:08
* "Show Us Your ID"
Australian Tour EP
* "Dune Buggy" (video edit) – 2:44
* "Dune Buggy" (LP version) – 3:08
* "Back Porch" (live) – 2:58
* "Video Killed the Radio Star" (live) – 3:49
* "Confusion" – 2:45
# Durg–Jagdalpur Express

The Durg–Jagadalpur Express is an Express train belonging to South East Central Railway zone that runs between Durg Junction and Jagdalpur in India. It is currently being operated with 18211/18212 train numbers on tri-weekly basis.

## Service

The 18211/Durg–Jagadalpur Express has an average speed of 45 kilometres per hour (28 mph) and covers 659 kilometres (409 mi) in 14h 30m. The 18212/Jagdalpur–Durg Express has an average speed of 40 kilometres per hour (25 mph) and covers 659 kilometres (409 mi) in 16h 20m.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:
* Durg Junction
* Raipur Junction
* Mahasamund
* Kantabanji
* Titlagarh Junction
* Rayagada
* Koraput
* Jagdalpur

## Coach composition

The train has standard ICF rakes with a max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 10 coaches:
* 1 Sleeper coaches
* 7 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Raipur Loco Shed-based WDM-3A diesel locomotive from Durg to Jagdalpur and vice versa.

## Direction reversal

The train reverses its direction 2 times:
* Rayagada
* Koraput
# Durupınar, Elâzığ

Durupınar is a village in the Elazığ District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 94 (2021).
# Durup

Durup is a village, with a population of 906 (1 January 2024), in Skive Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated on the Salling peninsula 6 km northwest of Roslev, 6 km east of Glyngøre, 15 km southeast of Nykøbing Mors and 23 km north of Skive.
Durup was the municipal seat of the former Sallingsund Municipality until 1 January 2007.
Durup Church is located in the village.
# Durakovići (Trnovo)

Durakovići is a village in the municipality of Trnovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 13, all Bosniaks.
# Durrantia arcanella

Durrantia arcanella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by August Busck in 1912. It is found in Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Honduras and Venezuela.
The wingspan is 13–14 mm. The forewings are ochreous white, with the first and second discal spots deep black, edged with ochreous brown, and with sparse single black scales, scattered irregularly over the wing. The costal edge is golden brown. The hindwings are silvery white with an ochreous sheen.
# Benjamin Wofford

Benjamin Wofford (October 19, 1780–1850) was a Methodist minister who was a co-founder and the namesake of Wofford College in South Carolina in the United States.

## Early life

Benjamin Wofford was born on October 19, 1780, to Joseph and Martha Wofford and was named after his Loyalist uncle. Wofford's father, a supporter of the American Patriot cause, was supposedly captured on the night of Wofford's birth during the American Revolution, but was freed by Martha Wofford's pleading. Under his mother's Christian mentorship, Wofford became a Christian.

## Career

Wofford was ordained as a Methodist preacher, going on to preach in Kentucky, Tennessee, and South Carolina. By 1807, he ran a farm and continued preaching locally in South Carolina.
Wofford became involved in banking and other investments in the region. Wofford was a co-founder of Central Methodist Church in Spartanburg in 1837. Wofford was involved in various church charitable causes, including donating to Randolph-Macon College in Virginia during the 1830s.

## Personal life

Wofford married Anna Todd, the only child from a wealthy Spartanburg family, in 1807. The Woffords had no children. His wife died on October 2, 1835, at age 51. On September 6, 1836, Wofford married Maria Scott Barron, a wealthy woman from East Tennessee who was 23 years younger than Wofford. Wofford also owned slaves.

## Death and legacy

Wofford died in 1850 and left a will donating $100,000 (~$2.84 million in 2023) for the creation of a college, which eventually became Wofford College, requesting the creation of a school "literary, classical, and scientific education in my native district of Spartanburg.".
# 1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

The Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions is an agreement to provide for a further reduction in sulphur emissions or transboundary fluxes. It is a protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and supplements the 1985 Helsinki Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions.
opened for signature - 14 June 1994
entered into force - 5 August 1998
parties - (29) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Poland, Russia, Ukraine