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# 60th parallel south

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The 60th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 60 degrees south of Earth's equatorial plane. No land lies on the parallel—it crosses nothing but ocean. The closest land is a group of rocks north of Coronation Island (Melson Rocks or Governor Islands) of the South Orkney Islands, which are about 54 km south of the parallel, and Thule Island and Cook Island of the South Sandwich Islands, which both are about 57 km north of the parallel (with Cook Island slightly closer).
The parallel marks the northern limit of the Southern Ocean (though some organisations and countries, notably Australia, have other definitions) and of the Antarctic Treaty System. It also marks the southern boundary of the South Pacific Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone and the Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.
At this latitude the sun is visible for 18 hours, 52 minutes during the December solstice and 5 hours, 52 minutes during the June solstice. On December 21, the sun is at 53.44 degrees up in the sky and 6.56 degrees on June 21. The sun's altitude is exactly 30 degrees at either equinox.
The latitudes south of this parallel are often referred to as the Screaming 60s due to the prevailing high-speed, westerly winds which can generate large waves in excess of 15 m (50 ft) and peak wind speeds over 145 km/h (90 mph).
The maximum altitude of the Sun is > 15.00º in April and > 8.00º in May.
The lowest latitude where white nights can be observed is approximately on this parallel.
During the summer solstice, nighttime does not get beyond nautical twilight, a condition which lasts throughout the month of December. It is possible to view both astronomical dawn and dusk every day between February 17 and October 24.

## Around the world

Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 60° south passes through:
    Coordinates Ocean Notes 60°0′S 0°0′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 0.000°E﻿ / -60.000; 0.000﻿ (Prime Meridian) The Prime Meridian 60°0′S 20°0′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 20.000°E﻿ / -60.000; 20.000﻿ (the boundary of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans) the boundary of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans 60°0′S 147°0′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 147.000°E﻿ / -60.000; 147.000﻿ (the boundary of the Indian and Pacific Oceans) the boundary of the Indian and Pacific Oceans Additionally passes through the Pacific Ocean at the Drake Passage between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula 60°0′S 67°16′W﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 67.267°W﻿ / -60.000; -67.267﻿ (the boundary of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans) the boundary of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Running close to the southern border of the Scotia Sea and the South Orkney Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (claimed by Argentina)
# Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (16 January 1537 – 10 April 1605) was Count of Schwarzburg and founder of the Line of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which later received the title of Prince.

## Early life

He was the youngest of the surviving sons of Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg and his wife Countess Elisabeth zu Ysenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (1508–1572).

## Biography

His father, Günther XL, had united all of the Schwarzburg possessions. After he died in 1552, the county inherited by his four surviving sons, Günther XLI, John Günther I, William I and Albrecht VII, who divided their country in 1572. After the deaths of childless Günther XLI in 1583 and Wilhelm I in 1597, his possessions were divided between the still living brothers Johann Günther and Albrecht VII. This partition became the beginning of two lines of the house of Schwarzburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, both of which existed until the post-World War I major governmental changes of 1918.
Albrecht, studied at several German universities and in Padua. From 1557 he resided at the court of the Prince of Orange-Nassau. He served from 1563 under his brother Günther XLI in the army of King of Denmark and from 1573 lived in Rudolstadt.

## Family and children

He was married twice. Firstly, on 14 June 1575 he married Countess Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg, daughter of Count William I of Nassau-Dillenburg and had the following children:
* Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (6 November 1576 – 24 September 1630)
* Elisabeth Juliane (1 January 1578 – 28 March 1658)
* Sophie (1 March 1579 – 24 August 1630), married on 30 March 1595 to Count Jobst II of Barby-Mühlingen
* Magdalene (12 April 1580 – 22 April 1632), married on 22 May 1597 to Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera
* Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (27 May 1581 – 4 November 1646)
* Albert Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstdat (8 August 1582 – 20 January 1634)
* Anna Sybille (14 March 1584 – 22 August 1623), married on 15 November 1612 to Count Christian Günther I of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
* Katharina Maria (13 July 1585 – 19 January 1659)
* Katharina Susanna (13 February 1587 – 19 April 1662)
* Henry Günther, died young in 1589
Secondly, on 2 March 1591 he married Countess Albertine Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg (1568–1617), daughter of Count Reinhard II von Leiningen-Westerburg (1530–1584) and his wife, Countess Ottilia von Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Keyll (1536–1597). The marriage was childless.

## Sources

* F. Apfelstedt: Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit, Arnstadt 1890
* Dr. Kamill von Behr: Genealogie der in Europa regierenden Fürstenhäuser, Leipzig 1870
# Ajang Ajang group

The Ajang Ajang group was a cell within the terrorist organization Abu Sayyaf. The Ajang Ajang group was active within the southern Philippines. The group specialized in attacks using two bombs. The word Ajang Ajang is a Tausug word for "orphans", describing the group consists of people who lost a loved one due to war.

## Terrorist acts

On December 31, 2018, one of two bombs exploded and killed two persons and wounded 34 in South Seas Mall in Cotabato City. The two bombs carried the signature of the Ajang Ajang's elders, Islamic State.
The Ajang Ajang group claimed to be behind the Jolo Cathedral bombings on January 27, 2019, that killed 20 people and injured 102, and are suspected to be behind the mosque bombing in Talon-Talon, Zamboanga City, that caused 2 fatalities and 4 injuries.
# Al Azrakiyah

Al Azrakiyah (also: Mintaqat Al Azrakiyah) is a village in Iraq, which is located in the Al Anbar Governorate west of the city of Fallujah, on the river Euphrates. On the southern banks of river Euphrathes lies Halabisah.
In 2016, during the Anbar offensive and the Third Battle of Fallujah, there was intense fighting in the area between the Iraqi army and ISIL militants. On 4 June, 20 Iraqi soldiers and Sunni tribal fighters died in an ISIL car bombing on Azrakiyah main road, as the Iraqi army was closing in on Fallujah after the capture of nearby Saqlawiyah.
# Hemicordulia asiatica

Hemicordulia asiatica, Asian emerald, is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. H. asiatica belongs to an Australian genus and is the only representative found in Asia. It is found in Western Ghats, northeast India and Myanmar.

## Description and habitat

It is a dragonfly of medium size, coloured metallic green, sparingly marked with yellow. Its labium and labrum are bright yellow. Its lower part of frons and its sides are brighter yellow, changing to bright orange above and then brilliant metallic emerald-green. Its eyes are emerald-green when aged. Its pro-thorax is dark brown with a mid-dorsal yellow spot and thorax is dark metallic green, marked with yellow on the sides only. Its wings are hyaline with pterostigma dark brown. Its abdomen is glossy black with a metallic dark green reflex on dorsum, especially of the proximal segments, and marked laterally in bright ochreous color. Its anal appendages are black.
Female is closely similar to the male. The larvae breed in montane lakes or in deep still pools of mountain streams.
* Male
* Female
* Mating pair
A survey jointly conducted by the Periyar Tiger Conservation Foundation, Indian Dragonfly Society and the Forest and Wildlife Department in Periyar National Park in October 2017 found Hemicordulia asiatica. This was a rediscovery after 80 years of Fraser's initial sighting of this species from the Western Ghats.
# Atlin River

The Atlin River (Lingít: Áa Tlein Héeni) is a river located in the Atlin/Áa Tlein Téix'i Provincial Park in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It flows out from Atlin Lake.
# Gorenkalapally

Gorenkalapally is a village and Gram panchayat of Nalgonda mandal, Nalgonda district, in Telangana state.
# Groton Township, Erie County, Ohio

Groton Township is one of the nine townships of Erie County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Sandusky, Ohio metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census the population was 1,379.

## Geography

Located in the southwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Margaretta Township - north
* Perkins Township - northeast corner
* Oxford Township - east
* Ridgefield Township, Huron County - southeast corner
* Lyme Township, Huron County - south
* York Township, Sandusky County - west
* Townsend Township, Sandusky County - northwest
A small corner of the city of Bellevue is located in southwestern Groton Township.

## Name and history

It is the only Groton Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Mickey Masini

Leonard Leroy Masini (October 6, 1922 – September 27, 2000), commonly known as Mickey Masini, was an American football player and coach. He played at the fullback, blocking back, and linebacker positions for Fresno State in college and later for the San Francisco 49ers and Los Angeles Dons.

## Early years

Masini was born in 1922 in Firebaugh, California. He attended and played football at Technical High School. He earned all-San Joaquin Valley honors in 1940.

## Military and college football

He played college football for Fresno State from 1940 to 1942 and again in 1946. He was part of the "Phantom Four" backfield that led the 1942 Fresno State Bulldogs football team that compiled a 9–1 record and won the California Collegiate Athletic Association championship. He received all-California Athletic Association and Little All-America honors in 1942 and 1946.
His college career was interrupted by service in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. From 1942 to 1945, he served in Africa, Italy and France as part of the teletype unit of the 32nd Bomb Squadron.

## Professional football

He played professional football in the All-America Football Conference for the San Francisco 49ers in 1947 and for the 49ers and Los Angeles Dons in their 1948 seasons.

## Coaching and later years

After his playing career ended, he returned to Fresno State to obtain his teaching credential. He began his teaching and coaching career at Caruthers and Kingsburg High Schools. His 1953 Kingsburg team included Rafer Johnson and Monte Clark. He was then the head football coach at Fresno's Edison High School from 1955 to 1966. He remained as Edison's athletic director until 1981. He died in 2000 at age 77.
# Armand Laroche

Armand Laroche (1826 – 1903), also known as Amand Laroche, was a French painter, who specialized in portraits and genre painting.

## Biography

Born in Saint-Cyr-l'École (Seine-et-Oise). Arman Laroche was studying at École des beaux-arts de Versailles and École des beaux-arts de Paris, he was student of Ferdinand Wachsmuth and Michel Martin Drolling. He took part in the Paris Salon every year from 1846 up to 1903. He was awarded a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle (1889), and an honourable mention at the Exposition Universelle (1900).

## Works

* Portrait of Sculptor Poitevin (1855), Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille
* Portrait of a Young Woman (1872)
* Blue Bird, featured at the Salon in 1882
* Portrait of L-F Schützenberger (1884)
* Le Réveil, featured at the Salon in 1886
* Portrait of M. Lapostolet, featured at the Salon in 1887
* Portrait of Melle Lainé, Artist of the Odeon, featured at the salon in 1888
* La Rosée, featured at the Salon in 1889
* Baigneuse, featured at the Salon in 1892
* Female Nude by Pond With Water Lilies
* Diana Bathing With the Nymphs

## Gallery

* Female nude by pond with water lilies
* Portrait of young woman (1872)
* Portrait of L.-F. Schützenberger (1884)
* Diana Bathing with the Nymphs
# Andrew Leoncelli

Andrew Leoncelli (born 17 July 1974) is a former Italian-Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Leoncelli was recruited by Carlton in the 1993 Pre-Season Draft, . Leoncelli was delisted from the senior list of Carlton and was offered a place on their supplementary list but found the club environment at Carlton overly focused on senior older more established players with junior development low on the clubs priority at that time. He decided to move on from the club at the end of 1994 when he moved to Brisbane to pursue in his education, where he studied law and commerce at the University of Queensland in St Lucia. Leoncelli lifted weights and ran to keep fit also playing soccer and some games of rugby union, but it was when he saw the Brisbane Lions training at his university that he realised how much he missed the game. He wrote David Parkin a letter saying he refused to believe he was finished at 19 years of age and to watch out for his return. He moved back to Melbourne then played amateur football for the Old Xaverians in 1995 winning the club best and fairest, playing state football for Victoria and winning the Victorian Amateur Football Association premiership.
He finally made his league debut in 1996 with Melbourne. Playing in the midfield Leoncelli had a good 1997 season, finishing third in the Demons' best and fairest despite only playing 12 games because of a stress fracture. He built his game playing against the likes of Nicky Winmar, Peter Riccardi and Mark Ricciuto.
In 1999 he had the most kicks in the Melbourne team and made the Victorian State of Origin side. He was appointed deputy vice-captain for 2000 and played a vital role in Melbourne's finals series, but had an uncharacteristic disappointing game in the Grand Final. He had a flat 2001 season and at one stage was dropped, but followed up with a fine 2002 season. Leoncelli was forced into retirement late in 2003 at the age of 29, having played all of the 16 games up to that point. He made the shortlist for the VFL/AFL Italian Team of the Century.

## Post football life

Since retiring from the AFL, he joined the Hamton Property Group as a development manager, and was a director of the Melbourne Football Club. He studied commerce at the University of Melbourne.
On the morning of 1 June 2017, Leoncelli was onboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 128 when it performed an emergency landing at Melbourne Airport due to a passenger claiming that they had a bomb on board and was going to blow up the plane. The plane landed safely and the passenger was arrested.
# Atlin Road

The Atlin Road is a road in British Columbia and Yukon, Canada. It is designated as Highway 7 in Yukon, and has no official highway number in British Columbia.
It was built by the Canadian Army in 1949, connecting the village of Atlin, British Columbia, with the Tagish Road just one mile west of the Alaska Highway at historic mile 866 (Jakes Corner).
By the mid-1980s, the Yukon section had been improved, being wide and straight, and the B.C. section, which has no official highway number, was narrow, winding, with some less-than-optimum grades. Most of the section in B.C. runs along the eastern shore of Atlin Lake.
By 2000, the B.C. section had been improved and partially paved, but there were complaints about the Yukon section.
By 2007, reconstruction had started on the Yukon section once again. The road has once again been widened and surfaced with a bitumen surface treatment. The completion of the most recent reconstruction was finished by 2016. By spring 2014, only 5 km of road, including two small bridges, remained to be reconstructed.
From Atlin, there are area roads both to the east and the south.
As of October 2017, both the Yukon and the British Columbia portions of the Atlin Road are in very good condition, with very few potholes.
# Acari River (Rio de Janeiro)

The Acari River is located in Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil. It is one of the major watercourses of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
The name is of Guarani origin, a corruption of aqûâ-ára-i, meaning "enduring current". It is not related to the Loricariidae Acari fish.

## Course

The Acari River rises in the Serra do Gericinó with its mouth on the Rio Meriti which separates the city of Rio from Duque de Caxias. The Acari flows through the city from the extreme west to the zona norte.
It is navigable but as it traverses the territories of three separate criminal gangs it has ceased to be used as a waterway.

## Ecology

The river is not silted up and has a very large flow of water with riparian vegetation in some areas. It was one of the last of the rivers of Rio to suffer from macrobiological death.
Alligators can still be found in the river, but there are no longer any freshwater shrimp present. There is a popular wish for the river to be cleaned up and to become a major source of local income by offering recreation, fishing and transportation.
# Gudur (disambiguation)

Gudur is a town in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Gudur may also refer to the following places in India:
* Gudur mandal, Tirupati district, containing the town
* Gudur revenue division, containing the mandal and town
* Gudur, Kurnool, a town in Andhra Pradesh
* Gudur (Mahabubabad district), a village in Telangana
* Gudur, Nalgonda district, a village in Telangana
# Alexandru Lăpușneanu

Alexandru IV Lăpușneanu (1499 – 5 May 1568) was Ruler of Moldavia between September 1552 and 18 November 1561 and then between October 1564 and 5 May 1568. He was the son of Bogdan III the One-Eyed. His wife and consort was Doamna Ruxanda Lăpușneanu, the daughter of Peter IV Rareș and Princess Elena Ecaterina Rareș (the second daughter of Jovan Branković of Serbia). He was the original founder of the Dormition Church, Lviv, also commonly known as the Wallachian Church. His son Bogdan IV of Moldavia ruled 1568–1572.
The writer Constantin Negruzzi wrote the short story Alexandru Lăpușneanu in 1857 based on the ruler's life; it was turned into an opera by Alexandru Zirra.
# Marita Aronson

Marita Aronson (born 10 May 1939 in Guddarp, Småland) is a Swedish Liberal People's Party politician. She was a member of the Riksdag from 2002 to 2006.
# HIV/AIDS in New Zealand

There is a relatively low prevalence of HIV/AIDS in New Zealand, with an estimated 2,900 people out a population of 4.51 million living with HIV/AIDS as of 2014. The rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections was stable at around 100 annually through the late 1980s and the 1990s but rose sharply from 2000 to 2005. It has since stabilised at roughly 200 new cases annually. Male-to-male sexual contact has been the largest contributor to new HIV cases in New Zealand since record began in 1985. Heterosexual contact is the second largest contributor to new cases, but unlike male-to-male contact, they are mostly acquired outside New Zealand. In 2018 the New Zealand Government reported a “major reduction” in the number of people diagnosed with HIV.
World AIDS Day is observed in New Zealand.

## History

The first recorded death in New Zealand from AIDS-related conditions was in New Plymouth in April 1984.
In 1985, Eve van Grafhorst was ostracised in Australia since she had contracted HIV/AIDS from a transfusion of infected blood. The family moved to New Zealand where she died aged 11. By the time of her death, her plight had significantly raised the level of AIDS awareness in New Zealand.

## Organisations

The Ministry of Health is the government department which deals with health issues, including HIV/AIDS.
The New Zealand AIDS Foundation changed its name to the Burnett Foundation Aotearoa in 2022 after Bruce Burnett. It is a registered charitable trust and has a focus on prevention of AIDS in the most at-risk group, namely men who have sex with men.
Other organisations that assist with people living with HIV include Body Positive Inc, a support and network organisation for people living with HIV in New Zealand, as well as Positive Women, a service that looks after women who are HIV positive.
The INA Foundation is a Kaupapa Māori organisation that supports HIV positive people named after Immanuel and Noelle who died as infants of HIV and Apihaka who lived despite both parents having HIV.
Other places that support and inform are the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective and New Zealand Family Planning sexual health clinics. The New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective started in 1987 and in 1988 signed contract with the Ministry of Health with "a focus on HIV and Aids".

## Antiretroviral medications

The Pharmaceutical Management Agency (Pharmac) manages the national schedule of subsidised medications. As of 2014, twenty-one different antiretroviral medications were subsidised for people with confirmed HIV/AIDS or for post-exposure prophylaxis.
In March 2018, New Zealand became one of the first countries in the world to publicly fund pre-exposure prophylaxis medication for those at a high risk of contracting HIV.
# Metretopodidae

Metretopodidae is a family of cleftfooted minnow mayflies in the order Ephemeroptera. There are at least 3 genera and more than 20 described species in Metretopodidae.

## Genera

These three genera belong to the family Metretopodidae:
* Metreplecton Kluge, 1996
* Metretopus Eaton, 1901
* Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915