OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# N. Rajangam

N. Rajangam was an Indian politician and former Minister for Harijan Welfare (Tamil Nadu Government) and former Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha.
Born in 1920 in the village of Karunguzhi in (then South Arcot District) Cuddalore district, Mr. Rajangam started in public life as a member and organizer in the Nandanar movement. In 1937, he was arrested for his participation in Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu (Mozhi Por), a movement against the imposition of Hindi as a compulsory language. Mr. Rajangam started his professional life as the warden at Nandanar high school, Chidambaram.
He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Kurinjipadi constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1962, 1967, and 1971 elections. During his tenure, he was appointed the Minister of Harijan Welfare and was instrumental in the establishment of Tamil Nadu Harijan Housing and Development Corporation (THHADCO) in 1974. Later in 1984 he was elected to the Rajya Sabha as a Member of Parliament from Tamilnadu and served in various consultative committees in the department of Railways, Steel & Industries, Coal and Mines, etc.
# Monika Brüning

Monika Brüning (13 July 1951 – 12 December 2022) was a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union.
# Accident Prone

Accident Prone may refer to:
* Accident Prone (album), a 2005 album by Ira Losco
* "Accident Prone" (song), a 1978 single released by the British rock band Status Quo
* "Accident Prone", a 1995 song by Jawbreaker from Dear You
* Accident-proneness
# Baixaria

Baixaria (lit. 'disorder, mess') is a meal from the Brazilian state of Acre that consists of cuscuz, ground beef, and a runny fried egg. The dish is sometimes served with tomato, onion, and cheiro-verde. The dish is popular throughout the state and is typically served at restaurants and markets at breakfast and dinner. It is well known for its heartiness.

## Origin

Baixaria in Brazilian Portuguese is a term that refers to a disagreement or conflict between multiple people. In slang, the term is used to refer to a messy situation or messes, in general.
While the origin of Baixaria is unknown, there are several theories as to how it was created. According to journalist Alexandre Nunes, the name of the dish came from a vendor trying to convince drunk patrons that a group of well dressed strangers were referring to a dish rather than the arrival of the patrons when they said "Here comes the baixaria (confusion, disorder)". Another story explains that the dish has had various names, but the name Baixaria stuck in the 1980s when journalist Wilson Barros wrote about a then new dish with this name. Another tale tells of a famished vaqueiro who inadvertently created the dish when he ordered a meal that had everything the restaurant had to offer and then later asked how much was the bill for the Baixaria (mess) that he ate.
# Morgans Hotel (disambiguation)

Morgans Hotel is a boutique hotel located on Madison Avenue, New York City.
Morgans Hotel may also refer to:
* Morgans Hotel Group, a hospitality company that operates, owns, acquires and redevelops boutique hotels in the United States and Europe
* Morgans Hotel, Swansea, a boutique hotel in Swansea, not part of the Morgans Hotel Group
# Hallowed Ground (Skin Yard album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Hallowed Ground is the second studio album by grunge band, Skin Yard, released in 1988.

## Track listing

* "Stranger" (music: House/Endino/McCullum; lyrics: McMillan) - 3:36
* "Open Fist" (music: House/Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 3:58
* "G.O.D." (music: House/Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 5:29
* "Needle Tree" (music: House/McCullum; lyrics: McMillan) - 3:13
* "Burn" (music: House/Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 4:55
* "Hallowed Ground" (music: House/Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 3:11
* "In the Black House" (music & lyrics: McMillan) - 5:36
* "Throb" (music: House/Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 5:50
* "OP4" (House/Endino/Nerm) - 4:49
The CD reissue of the album had two bonus tracks:
* "Wither" (music: House/Endino/McCullum; lyrics: McMillan) - 3:00
* "American Nightmare" (music: Endino; lyrics: McMillan) - 2:29

## Personnel

* Jack Endino - Guitar, producer, engineering
* Daniel House - Bass
* Scott McCullum - Drums
* Ben McMillan - Vocals
# Albert Guille

Albert Louis Guille (1854–1914) was a French operatic tenor. He had a heyday in the United States in the mid-1880s through mid-1890s and for a time was a preferred partner of soprano Adelina Patti. For his prominence he was decorated as a Knight of the Order of Christ and enjoyed using the title Chevalier.

## Career

Guille was born in Avignon, 31 January 1854 of Joseph Vincent and Elizabeth Guille.
He became known for tenor roles in French language opera: Manrico in Verdi's Le Trouvère, Raoul in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Arnold in Rossini's Guillaume Tell, Gaston in Verdi's Jérusalem, Vasco de Gama in Meyerbeer's L’Africaine, Masaniello in Auber's La muette de Portici, and Dauphon in Halévy's Charles VI. In the United States he performed in Boston, New York City, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Chicago, San Francisco.
Beginning 18 November 1886 at the New York Academy of Music, Guille for six years was a tenor in the supporting cast of Adelina Patti's tours in the United States and Europe.
At the Metropolitan Opera in New York he debuted as Lyonel in von Flotow's Martha 23 April 1892, a role he had sung in New York with Patti since 1887. He sang with the company for several seasons at Sunday concerts and galas, on tour, and as Turiddu in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana in spring 1894.
Guille felt his shortness of stature, 5-foot, 3 1/2 inches, had hampered his career, though he was known as "the little man with the big voice." Impresario Henry Eugene Abbey who arranged his tours with Patti, told him once he would have given him $2,000 a performance had he been taller. Guille replied, "If I had been six feet tall instead of the midget that I am," — even as tall as his five-foot nine wife — "my voice would have gained me $1,000,000." Even so, he said, "I have made lots of money in my day," $2,000 a month plus expenses touring internationally with Patti, up to $3,000 in his last US years with her.
In 1881 in Bordeaux Guille had married Joséphine Azibert (1854–1911) with whom he had three sons.
As his career declined, Guille sang in upscale vaudeville shows. Guille died in poverty 19 August 1914 in Los Angeles, where he had been supporting himself in his last years singing in moving picture theaters.
# Aulus Hirtius

Aulus Hirtius (Latin:; c. 90 – 43 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC and a writer on military subjects. He was killed during his consulship in battle against Mark Antony at the Battle of Mutina.

## Biography

He was a legate of Julius Caesar's starting around 58 BC and served as an envoy to Pompey in 50. It was reported that Hirtius dined with Caesar, Sallust, Oppius, Balbus and Sulpicius Rufus on the night after Caesar's famous crossing over the Rubicon river into Italy on 10 January 49 BC.
During Caesar's Civil War he served in Spain; he may have been a tribune in 48, and in 47 was at Antioch. He was a praetor in 46 and governor of Transalpine Gaul in 45.
After Caesar's assassination in March 44, Hirtius was deeply involved in the maneuvering between parties. Having been nominated for that post by Caesar, Hirtius and Pansa became consuls in 43.
Initially a supporter of Mark Antony, Hirtius was successfully lobbied by Cicero, who was a personal friend, and switched his allegiance to the senatorial party. He then set out with an army to attack Antony who was besieging Mutina. In concert with Pansa and Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus), Hirtius compelled Antony to retire but was slain in the fighting (April 21) at the Battle of Mutina. He was honored with a public funeral, along with Pansa who died a few days later.
Hirtius added an eighth book to Caesar's De Bello Gallico. He was formerly thought to be an author of De Bello Alexandrino, though a 2018 computer-assisted stylistic analysis disproves this.
Suetonius in Chapter 68 of his Life of Augustus writes that Lucius Antonius, the brother of Mark Antony, accused Augustus of having "given himself to Aulus Hirtius in Spain for three hundred thousand sesterces." This alleged homosexual liaison would have taken place in 46 BC, during the civil wars when Julius Caesar took Octavian to Spain and Aulus Hirtius was serving there. However, it is possible that this was an attempt at slander by Mark Antony, who was Octavian's political opponent at the time. Allegations of homosexual submissiveness was a common method of political attack in the Roman Republic and it is impossible to know how much of it was true.
# Misse

Missen (singular: misse) are small, shallow, forest bogs in pine (Pinus sylvestris)-dominated woods that form on crests, saddles, hollows or plateaus in the hills or mountains. They only have a thin layer of peat of between 30 and 100 centimetres thick. The term misse is local to the Northern Black Forest and also surfaces as Miß, Müsse or Müß. These names probably derive from the German Moos ("moss") because peat mosses (Sphagnum) play a key role in their development. Due to the poor tree growth associated with them, however, it could also stand for mies ("bad").
Missen are most common on plateaus where the precipitation is heavy and the drainage is poor. But event silted-up tarns and shallow tarn soils may have missen on their hillsides (Hillside or swamp bogs). Floristically and depending on location, missen may transition into raised bogs, whereby ombrotrophes, i.e. areas exclusively fed by rainwater, (initially) are formed, albeit they only have a small surface area.

## Formation

Missen are formed on base-poor soils that have a tendency to become waterlogged. In addition, other climatic factors such as high levels of precipitation, a relatively short vegetation period and a cool, moist, montane climate are basic pre-requisites. Human exploitation may also favour the emergence of missen. The introduction of stall feeding in the 19th century forced forest farmers to use the ground vegetation as bedding. On poor bunter sandstone soils raw humus is laid down as a result of the constant removal of nutrients. The blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), an indicator of acidicism, becomes the dominant type of dwarf shrub. Moor grass (Molinia caerulea, M. arundinacea) colonises the shore areas in dense tussocks.

## Literature

* Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden Württemberg: Beiheft No.73, "Verbreitung der Missen, Missen im Landkreis Calw", Karlsruhe, 1993, ISSN 0342-6858
* Volker Späth, Institut für Landschaftsökologie und Naturschutz, Bühl: Heft Nr.3 "Nationalparkvorschlag Nordschwarzwald", 1992, ISSN 0934-1277
# 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game may refer to:
* The 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), a 5–4 victory for the National League over the American League, which was played in Pittsburgh.
* The 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), a 5–3 victory for the American League over the National League, which was played in Los Angeles.
# Heaps' law

In linguistics, Heaps' law (also called Herdan's law) is an empirical law which describes the number of distinct words in a document (or set of documents) as a function of the document length (so called type-token relation). It can be formulated as
    $V_{R}(n)=Kn^{\beta }$
where V$_R$ is the number of distinct words in an instance text of size n. K and β are free parameters determined empirically. With English text corpora, typically K is between 10 and 100, and β is between 0.4 and 0.6.
The law is frequently attributed to Harold Stanley Heaps, but was originally discovered by Gustav Herdan (1960). Under mild assumptions, the Herdan–Heaps law is asymptotically equivalent to Zipf's law concerning the frequencies of individual words within a text. This is a consequence of the fact that the type-token relation (in general) of a homogenous text can be derived from the distribution of its types.
Empirically, Heaps' law is preserved even when the document is randomly shuffled, meaning that it does not depend on the ordering of words, but only the frequency of words. This is used as evidence for deriving Heaps' law from Zipf's law.
Heaps' law means that as more instance text is gathered, there will be diminishing returns in terms of discovery of the full vocabulary from which the distinct terms are drawn.
Deviations from Heaps' law, as typically observed in English text corpora, have been identified in corpora generated with large language models.
Heaps' law also applies to situations in which the "vocabulary" is just some set of distinct types which are attributes of some collection of objects. For example, the objects could be people, and the types could be country of origin of the person. If persons are selected randomly (that is, we are not selecting based on country of origin), then Heaps' law says we will quickly have representatives from most countries (in proportion to their population) but it will become increasingly difficult to cover the entire set of countries by continuing this method of sampling. Heaps' law has been observed also in single-cell transcriptomes considering genes as the distinct objects in the "vocabulary".
# Aberdeen, Ohio County, Indiana

Aberdeen is an unincorporated community and Census-designated place in Cass Township, Ohio County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

The first settlement at Aberdeen was made in about 1814. It was named after Aberdeen, in Scotland.
A post office was established at Aberdeen in 1852, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1880.

## Geography

Aberdeen is located off of Indiana State Road 56 at the intersection of Aberdeen Rd. and Cass-Union Rd.
# 133528 Ceragioli

133528 Ceragioli, provisional designation 2003 TC$_2$, is an asteroid of the Koronis family from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 1.75 kilometers (1.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 4 October 2003 by American astronomer David Healy at the Junk Bond Observatory in Arizona, United States. The likely stony and possibly elongated asteroid has a rotation period of 3.1 hours. It was named for American optician Roger Ceragioli.

## Orbit and classification

Ceragioli is a member of the Koronis family (605), a very large asteroid family with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits and named after 158 Koronis. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,764 days; semi-major axis of 2.86 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Spacewatch in September 1998, or 5 years prior to its official discovery observation at the Junk Bond Observatory.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after American optician Roger Ceragioli (born 1959) at the Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory, whose projects include parts of the Bok Telescope and the MODS spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 2007 (M.P.C. 59925).

## Physical characteristics

Ceragioli is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, in line with the overall spectral type for members of the Koronis family.

### Rotation period

In February 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Ceragioli was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.052±0.0159 hours with a brightness variation of 0.35 magnitude (U=2), indicative of an elongated shape. Also in February 2010, David Polishook determined a similar period of 3.06±0.04 hours with an amplitude of 0.25 magnitude (U=1+).

### Diameter and albedo

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 and calculates a diameter of 1.75 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 15.95.
# 1784 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1784.

## Paleontologists

* William Buckland, a polymath who was the first person to scientifically describe a dinosaur, is born.
# Hannu Karpo

Hannu Karpo (born 5 March 1942) is a Finnish reporter who hosted his own show, Karpolla on asiaa, from 1981 to 2007. He was a reporter for Yleisradio from 1961 to 1981 before moving over to the competing network (MTV3). His own show was produced by his privately owned Pallosalama Oy production company which he founded in 1970.
He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Golden Venla award in 2015 along with fellow TV personality Riitta Väisänen.

## Early life

Karpo was born in Helsinki to a Finnish mother and a Russian-born musician father, who spoke Finnish fluently and wanted to raise his son to be Finnish-speaking.

## Show

Karpo's show ran for 26 years during which he received a number of death threats. His shows led to 37 trials and zero convictions for him. He has also been asked to run for politics by numerous parties but has continually refused to do so.
Karpo awarded many of his guests with a piece of smoked reindeer or an encased 100 mk (later €100) bill for speaking out. During the early run of the show Karpo also granted financial and material aid to guests on his show but stopped after feeling that his help was being exploited.
Karpo also did not shy away from criticizing Finnish politics and bureaucracy. Indeed, many of his guests were people who felt that they were being mistreated through careless decision making. Others were people in positions or predicaments (either legal or financial) from which they could not seemingly find a way out of.

## Personal life

Karpo has been married to singer Raita Karpo and they have two children. Karpo is a major in the military reserve. He has five different residences in Finland: Dalsbruk in the archipelago of Kimitoön, Pakila, Utsjoki, Vihtijärvi and Klaukkala.

## Karpocature

His distinctive appearance as a bearded man, with glasses with a furry hat (karvalakki) and a furry microphone with a frank and demanding voice has become a popular image of a hard-hitting reporter in Finland. Numerous Finnish comedians at various times have "done a Karpo". His famous catchphrase "Onko tässä mitään järkeä!?" ("Does this make any sense (to you)!?") is often a key-part of these caricaturistic impressions.
# Gymnopilus crociphyllus

Gymnopilus crociphyllus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
# Hans Pochon

Hans Pochon (1900–1977) was a Swiss entomologist and an authority on Buprestidae beetles.
From 1931 he worked at the Musee d'histoire naturelle in Fribourg and restructured its entomological collections. As the museum did not have a collection of local Coleoptera, he donated his own collection. During his career he gathered some 16 000 specimens of Buprestidae, many of species new to science.

## Publications

* Coleoptera - Buprestidae (Volume 2 of Insecta helvetica) - Hans Pochon (Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, 1964)
* Buprestidae collection from Catalonia
# Adam Jones (referee)

Adam Jones (born 3 November 1993) in Swansea, Wales, is a Welsh rugby referee. He has been a member of Wales' professional rugby union ranks since 2020.

## Career

Jones, who began refereeing aged 12, began refereeing on the World Rugby Sevens Series in 2018. He refereed during the 2020 Olympics, before committing to the 15-aside game full time. He made his Pro14 refereeing debut in 2020, refereeing the fixture between the Ospreys and Dragons in August.
# Behind Masks

Behind Masks is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Frank Reicher. It was written by Kathryn Stuart based upon the 1909 novel Jeanne of the Marshes by E. Phillips Oppenheim. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Frederick Vogeding, William P. Carleton, Julia Swayne Gordon, Gladys Valerie, and Kempton Greene. The film was released on July 24, 1921, by Paramount Pictures.
A copy of the film is in the Library of Congress, but is incomplete.

## Cast

* Dorothy Dalton as Jeanne Mesurier
* Frederick Vogeding as Andrew Bourne
* William P. Carleton as Major Nigel Forrest
* Julia Swayne Gordon as Madame Ena Delore
* Gladys Valerie as Kate Cansard
* Kempton Greene as Cecil Bourne
* Lewis Broughton as Ronald Engleton
* Alex Kaufman as Maurice Bresnault
# Hechtia texensis

Hechtia texensis, commonly known as Texas false agave, is a species of bromeliad that is native to the Trans-Pecos of Texas in the United States and northeastern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas).
# Annie Simpson

Annabel "Annie" Simpson (born 6 June 1990) is a British racing cyclist, who rides for British amateur team Brother UK–Tifosi p/b OnForm, on the road and Hope Technology in cross-country and mountain biking.
# 116th (Perthshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

The 116th (Perthshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1793 and disbanded in 1795, with some personnel sent to the 42nd Highlanders.
# Helhoek, Gelderland

Helhoek is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Duiven, between the towns of Duiven and Zevenaar.
It was first mentioned between 1830 and 1855 as Helhoek. Hel can either mean inferno or steep hill. It is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Groessen. There is an industrial zone near the hamlet. Helhoek consists of about 40 houses.
# Hannu Kivioja

Hannu Kivioja (born 30 June 1963) is a Finnish actor.
Kivioja was born in Ylivieska. Originally he tried for the Helsinki Theatre Academy for the first time in 1985, but did not get in at that time. He was discovered by Rauni Mollberg, who gave him the role of Riitaoja in The Unknown Soldier, which was his debut. Thanks to his role, he got into Theater Academy the following year.
Kivioja has also acted in, among others, Aleksi Mäkelä's Bad Boys, as well as Timo Koivusalo's Sibelius and The Rose of the Rascal. His the most significant role Juhani Haavisto in 1993 film Pater Noster, directed by Veikko Aaltonen, for which Kivioja won the Jussi Award for Best Actor.

## Partial filmography

* The Unknown Soldier (1985)
* Friends, Comrades (1990)
* Shear Fear (1992)
* Pater Noster (1993)
* The Swan and the Wanderer (1999)
* Spy Games (1999)
* The Rose of the Rascal (2001)
* Bad Boys (2003)
* Sibelius (2003)
* Shadow of the Eagle (2005)
* V2: Dead Angel (2007)
* The Border (2007)
* Last Cowboy Standing (2009)
* Sixpack (2011)
* The Other Side of Hope (2017)
# Gymnopilus crassitunicatus

Gymnopilus crassitunicatus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.