OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Margaret Austin

Margaret Elizabeth Austin CNZM CRSNZ (née Leonard; born 1 April 1933) is a former New Zealand politician. She was an MP from 1984 to 1996, representing first the Labour Party and then briefly United New Zealand.

## Life
### Early life, family and career

Austin was born in Dunedin on 1 April 1933, and was educated at St Dominic's College, Dunedin, and Sacred Heart College, Christchurch. She studied at Canterbury University College and Christchurch Teachers' College, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1953 and a Diploma of Teaching in 1954. She went on to teach in Christchurch and in 1970 became the head of science at Christchurch Girls' High School and later became senior mistress at Riccarton High School in 1977. She was also a member of the Educational Administration Society and was its president for three years.
In 1955, she married John Austin, and the couple went on to have three children.

### Political career

She was first elected to Parliament in the 1984 election as the MP for Yaldhurst, an electorate in western Christchurch. After Labour's re-election at the 1987 election, Austin was elected her party's Senior Whip following Michael Cullen's elevation to cabinet.
During her time in Parliament, Austin served as a Minister of Research and Development, Internal Affairs and of Arts, Culture and Heritage at the end of the Fourth Labour Government. In November 1990, when Labour was in opposition, she was appointed as Shadow Minister of Education by Labour leader Mike Moore.
She held the Yaldhurst seat for the Labour Party until 1995 when the seat was abolished, in preparation for the changeover to MMP, and she joined with six other MPs to found the centrist United New Zealand Party. Like all United New Zealand MPs (but Peter Dunne), Austin was not re-elected in the 1996 election; Austin stood in the new Ilam electorate where she came third.

### Later activities

She later became Chancellor of Lincoln University from 2000 to 2005. From the late 1990s until about 2011, she worked for the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). From 2000 to 2007, she was president of the chairs of UNESCO national commissions worldwide. She also has an interest in astronomy, leading the project for the Aoraki-Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve.

## Honours and awards

Austin was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal, and in 1993, she was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.
In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, Austin was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services. In the 2008 New Year Honours, she was elevated to Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the community.
Austin has been elected as a Companion of the Royal Society of New Zealand.
# Gerd Schmückle

Gerd Schmückle (1 December 1917 – 28 May 2013) was a German four-star general. Schmückle served in the 7th Panzer Division under Erwin Rommel during the Fall of France. With this division he later fought in the Soviet Union where he was wounded six times. In early 1944, he was promoted to the German General Staff, major and artillery battalion commander. After the surrender of the Wehrmacht in 1945 he operated a farm in Bavaria and worked as a journalist. In 1956, he joined the Bundeswehr where he was promoted to general in 1978.
From 1978 to 1980 he was Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe, the first German to hold the post.

## Journalistic works

* Kommiß a. D. Kritische Gänge durch die Kasernen. Seewald, Stuttgart 1971 (2., überarbeitete Auflage. ebenda 1972, ISBN 3-512-00232-3).
* Ohne Pauken und Trompeten. Erinnerungen an Krieg und Frieden. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-421-06109-2.
* Das Schwert am seidenen Faden. Krisenmanagement in Europa. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-421-06185-8.
# Ghesquierellana tessellalis

Ghesquierellana tessellalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1917. It is found in Cameroon.
# Maria Island, Gulf of Carpentaria

Maria Island, in the Marra language known as Gurrululinya, is located in the Gulf of Carpentaria, and comes under the jurisdiction of the Northern Territory. It is sacred to local indigenous Australian people, an important ecological niche for various species of wildlife, and the object of interest to mining companies. The first Europeans to sight the island were the Dutch, who mapped it as a cape, and its status as an island was only thereafter determined when Matthew Flinders sailed around it in late December 1802.

## Description

Maria Island lies 20 miles offshore of the southwestern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in Limmen Bight. It, and the wetlands, and seas in its vicinity, rich in seagrasses are an important nesting and feeding site for three species of turtle, and contains substantial colonies of silver gulls. The interior is stocked with large numbers of the northern brown bandicoot while herds of dugong and dolphin pods frequent its waters. It is also an important feeding and breeding area also for critically endangered curlew sandpipers, great knot, and freshwater sawfish. Three species of turtle, among them the olive ridley and flatback turtle, exploit the sand dunes on the edges of the island to lay their eggs.

## Aboriginal traditions

16 sacred sites on the island Maria Island have been registered with the Northern Territory Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority. According to one tradition, it is the resting-place of their Kangaroo Dreaming which lay down there after travelling through the desert. It is also regarded as the site of a poisonous she-oak that may kill certain intruders.

## Mining

In 2011, the Western Desert Resources Corporation, together with its partner Sherwin Iron, announced plans that it was planning to run a pipeline from its Roper Bar mining site to carry slurry to the island for treatment there before being offloaded into barges that would ferry the material to ships in deeper water for export to East Asian steel mills. The following year, in 2012 Maria Island was included in the Limmen National Park established that year, though the agreement excised considerable portions of land for mining exploration.
In 2014, the two companies collapsed in the wake of a slump in the iron ore market. Sometime afterwards the Dubai company Al-Rawda Resources expressed interest in resurrecting the earlier project, by planning to establish a coastal facility on the area's wetlands where barges could load ore for shipment to container vessels 6 lying 6 kilometers north of Maria Island. The Marra community expressed concerns that the infrastructure, if established, would contaminate what is a pristine reserve.
# Ghumli

Ghumli is a village located 45 km from Jamkhambhaliya, at foothills of Barda, in Devbhumi Dwarka district of Gujarat, India.

## Etymology

The Saindhava Copper plates and several inscriptions mention Bhutambilika, Bhumilika, Bhutambilimandal, Bhutambilyan, BhumbhalL Bhubhrutpalli, Bhumbhiliya. It was later corrupted into Bhumli and then Ghumli.

## History

Ghumli was the capital of Saindhava dynasty which ruled western Saurashtra from middle of eighth century to middle of tenth century.
It was later the capital of Jethwa dynasty of Gujarat.
Ghumli was declared as second Capital by Jethwa dynasty, in 1220 by Rana Shiyaji, who took the title of Rana Of Ghumli and shifted capital from Shrinagar
Ghumli remained their Capital till 1313, when Rana Bhanji Jethwa, was defeated at a war, he fled Ghumli and shifted to Ranpur. Legend has it that Ghumli was destroyed due to curse of a Sati named Son with whom Rana Bhanji Jethwa fell in love.
Jam Unaji of Jadeja clan came from Sindh and attacked Ghumli in 1309 but was defeated later in 1313 his son Barmaniyaji Jadeja attacked and defeated Rana Bhanji Jethwa. On the same night Goddess Ambaji came in his dream and told him that, as she has granted the wish ("Asha") of his father to conquer Ghumli, he should make a temple in her name. So Bamaniyaji built the Temple of Ambaji on the hill in the middle of Ghumli and named it as Ashapura Mata Temple. He completely destroyed Ghumli and turned it into ruins.

## Present day

Government of Gujarat and Archaeological Survey of India have taken a project to restore historical places of Ghumli. At present, Ghumli is an important archaeological site of Gujarat: The point of interest are - Navlakha temple; Ghumli Ganesh temple; Ashapura temple; Vindyavasini temple; Sonkansari or Son Kasari temple; step-wells [Vikai or Vikia Vav and Jetha vav]; historical gates. Kileshwar Mahadev temple, built by Jethwa rulers is nearby. Bhan Gate named after Bhan Jethwa near Ghumali Navlakha Temple and Rampol Gate at Ghumali are of historical interest. Trikamji Bapu Mandir, Ravno Nes and so is Khodiyar mataji jar are other places of interest.
Ghumli houses Navlakha Temple, built by Jethwa rulers in the 12th century, considered to be oldest Sun temple of Gujarat, now in ruins. The temple is built in the Solanki style of architecture with entwining tusk of three elephants as a trade mark of temple. It is located at the foothills.
Close by, little easterly to Navlakha temple there are step wells called "Vikai Vav" the largest in Kathiawar and "Jetha vav". Vikai or Vikia Vaav built by Jethwa ruler Vikiaji after whom it is named, is the oldest and one of the biggest step wells of Gujarat measuring almost 60 by 40.5 sq m. The well has numerous flights of steps leading up to it and string-coursed carvings. The entrance pavilions can still be seen standing intact at three places.
# Germigney

Germigney may refer to:
* Germigney, Jura, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
* Germigney, Haute-Saône, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
# Margaret Bryan (disambiguation)

Margaret Bryan may refer to:
* Margaret Bryan (c. 1468–c. 1551/52), Lady Governess to Henry VIII's children
* Margaret Bryan (philosopher) (c. 1759–1836), British natural philosopher and educator
* Margaret Bryan (diplomat) (born 1929), British ambassador
* Peggy Bryan (Margaret Eileen Bryan, 1916–1996), English actress
# Maria Silva Cruz

Maria Silva Cruz (20 April 1915 – 23 August 1936) was an Andalusian anarchist and a hero of the Casas Viejas Uprising in Spain. She was also known as "La Libertaria."

## Biography

Silva Cruz was born and raised in Casas Viejas (now Benalup-Casas Viejas) in Andalusia. Her parents were day laborers and her father, Juan Silva Gonzalez and her uncle were both members of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), an anarchist group which supported reforms for workers.
In January 1933, the CNT demonstrated in Casas Viejas and attempted to get the government's Civil Guard to give up their power. Silva Cruz and her friends, Manuel Lago and Gallinito, were part of the demonstrations on 11 January. During the demonstrations, two guards were wounded. More troops from the Civil Guard and Assault Guard were sent in to stop the CNT. Many of the villagers fled, but some anarchists attempted to hide in the house of Silva Cruz's grandfather, Francisco Cruz Gutiérrez, who was nicknamed Seisdedos ("Six fingers"). The house was set on fire by the forces of the police and everyone inside was killed, except for Silva Cruz and a cousin. She emerged, burned and carrying the young boy to safety. She persuaded the guard not to kill her or the boy and then she fled to her mother's house. Silva Cruz was arrested on 14 January 1933.
Silva Cruz was jailed at Medina Sidonia and then transferred to Cadiz for a month's imprisonment. She met Miguel Perez Cordon, a member of the CNT while at Medina Sidonia. Perez Cordon courted her and after two months, the couple moved to Madrid. In May 1935, they had a son, Juan Perez Silva. The family moved back to Andalusia, living in Ronda.
Fascists eventually occupied Ronda in July 1936, and Perez Cordon fled to the mountains while Silva Cruz stayed with her young son at home. She was arrested by the Civil Guard and her son was taken from her. She and two other people were executed on 23 August 1936 at dawn.
Like many people who participated in the Spanish Revolution, Silva Cruz's remains were never identified. She was also never listed as officially dead until 2010. Her son, who grew up with Silva Cruz's aunt, worked throughout his life to try to find Maria Silva Cruz's remains in order to bury them and plant flowers for her.
# Margaretha Sandra

Margaretha Sandra (7 January 1629 in Middelburg – 21 June 1674 in Aardenburg, Zeeland), was a Dutch heroine, known for her participation in the defense of Aardenburg during the two-night siege by the French in 1672.

## Life

Margaretha grew up in Middelburg and Sluis, as the eldest daughter in a family with nine children. By 1672, she had been widowed twice and had married for the third time to Pieter Roman. They were living in Aardenburg, Netherlands.

### Battle

During the weekend of 25 and 26 June 1672, a French invasion force totaling more than 5,000 men attacked the neglected fortress town of Aardenburg, which had only 186 civilians and 40 soldiers to defend it. During the two nights of the attack, the outnumbered soldiers were joined in battle by women who wore men's hats as they carried ammunition to the troops stationed on the city walls, thus giving the enemy the impression that the besieged city held many more men than was actually the case.
When the French troops attacked the second night, the defenders were joined by about 160 soldiers and boatswains from nearby Cadzand and Sluis. Together they vanquished the French having killed hundreds of attackers and capturing hundreds more. Not a single person was killed on the defenders' side.
Sandra is said to have crafted ammunition during the battle and has been singled out as a representative for all the women who took part in the city's defense.

### A controversial reputation

Margaretha Sandra's name was not specifically mentioned in descriptions of the battle at that time, which has led to some controversy over her role as heroine. However, according to Kloek, Sandra's legend may have merit.
   Indeed, the documents about the siege—mostly eyewitness letters, printed extracts of which were distributed immediately in 1672—make no mention of Margaretha Sandra. However, almost all of them report on the women's participation in the struggle... It is possible that Margaretha Sandra's name has been mentioned in one of these letters, but has not been included in the extract that appeared in print.
Sandra died two years after the battle and had no children.
# Getting Away with Murder

Getting Away with Murder may refer to:
* Getting Away with Murder (film), a 1996 film starring Jack Lemmon, Lily Tomlin, and Dan Aykroyd
* Getting Away with Murder (1975 film) or End of the Game, a film based on the novella Der Richter und sein Henker by Friedrich Dürrenmatt
* Getting Away with Murder (album), an album by Papa Roach
** "Getting Away with Murder" (song), the title song of the Papa Roach album Getting Away With Murder
* Getting Away with Murder (web series), a comic series on the Independent Film Channel and its website
* Getting Away with Murder (play), a 1996 play co-written by Stephen Sondheim and George Furth
* Getting Away with Murder: The True Story of the Emmett Till Case, a 1993 non-fiction book by Chris Crowe
* Twist (stage play), first produced under the title Getting Away with Murder, a 1990 play by Miles Tredinnick
# Ghursheba

Ghursheba is a village in Muscat, in northeastern Oman.
# Ghuryx perinetella

Ghuryx perinetella is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Viette in 1956. It is found in Madagascar.
# Ghuryx venosella

Ghuryx venosella is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Viette in 1956. It is found in Madagascar.
# Gideon B. Smith

Gideon B. Smith (1793 – March 24, 1867) was an American physician and amateur entomologist who studied the breeding biology of the 13-year and 17-year cicadas by gathering information from correspondents across the US. He was a friend and physician of John James Audubon who named a bird as "Smith's Lark Bunting", now known as Smith's longspur (Calcarius pictus). Smith was also involved in sericulture and patented inventions in the field.

## Life and work

Smith was born in Maryland and received an MD from the University of Maryland in 1840 with a thesis Cholera Infantum. While studying he was also involved in assisting John Stuart Skinner, the editor of The American Farmer and in 1830 he became its editor, serving for three years. During this time he took an interest in sericulture and wrote a pamphlet on raising silkworms. From 1839 to 1840 he edited the Journal of the American Silk Association. He invented a silk reel which he patented and sold. As a friend and physician to John James Audubon, he helped sell subscriptions for Audubon's book. Audubon named a species of bird as Smith's Lark-Bunting or Plectrophanes Smithii but this had already been described as Calcarius pictus by Swainson. The English name of Smith's longspur continues to be used. In 1848 he was reported to the Board of Medical Examiners for unprofessional conduct resulting in the end of his medical career.
Smith studied cicadas with physician Nathaniel Potter (1770–1843, he helped found the Maryland college of medicine in 1807) who had first seen the 17-year cicadas in 1783 and was examining them again in 1817. Potter wrote in 1839 that "As our professional avocations would not permit us to devote our whole time to the [study of locusts], it became necessary to call in the aid of a colleague whose knowledge of entomology, and industry could be relied on. These qualifications were found and well exemplified in Mr. Gideon B. Smith. Should our labours reflect any light on so obscure a subject, the credit is equally due to him." After the death of Potter, Smith sent out notices to postmasters and editors of regional periodicals to send report of cicada emergence to him. Smith continued the studies and in 1845 he received reports from Dr David Lewis Phares of cicada emergence in Mississippi after 13 years. Smith would later verify and confirm that there was a 13-year cicada which he called as Cicada tredecim in 1858. He was able to predict the emergence of 17-year cicadas and wrote about it in a local newspaper, The Sun, on February 1, 1851, predicting emergence in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Delaware. In 1858 he sent out lookouts for the emergence of 13-year cicadas. He also published his only known scientific note in the Scientific American.
Smith married Elizabeth Bennett in 1826 and they had a daughter. After the death of Elisabeth in 1832, he married Susan Stewart in 1833. He is buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Baltimore.
# 2019 Varsity Shield

The 2019 Varsity Shield was the 9th season of the Varsity Shield, the second-tier competition in the annual Varsity Rugby series. It was played between 18 February and 11 April 2019 and featured seven university teams.
There was a debut in the competition for NMU Madibaz, who were relegated from the Varsity Cup in 2018.

## Competition rules and information

There were seven participating university teams in the 2019 Varsity Shield. They played each other once during the pool stage, either at home or away. Teams received four points for a win and two points for a draw. Bonus points were awarded to teams that scored four or more tries in a game, as well as to teams that lost a match by seven points or less. Teams were ranked by log points, then points difference (points scored less points conceded).
The top four teams after the pool stage qualified for the semifinals, which were followed by a final. 2019 is a non-relegation year.

## Teams

The teams that played in the 2019 Varsity Cup are:
| 2019 Varsity Cup teams |
| Team name | University | Stadium |
| CPUT | Cape Peninsula University of Technology | CPUT Sports Stadium, Cape Town |
| NMU Madibaz | Nelson Mandela University | NMU Stadium, Port Elizabeth |
| Rhodes | Rhodes University | Rhodes Great Field, Grahamstown |
| TUT Vikings | Tshwane University of Technology | TUT Stadium, Pretoria |
| UFH Blues | University of Fort Hare | Davidson Rugby Field, Alice |
| UKZN Impi | University of KwaZulu-Natal | Peter Booysen Sports Park, Pietermaritzburg |
| WSU All Blacks | Walter Sisulu University | Buffalo City Stadium, East London |

## Pool stage
### Standings

The final log for the 2019 Varsity Shield was:
| 2019 Varsity Shield log |
| Pos | Team | P | W | D | L | PD | Pts |
| 1 | NMU Madibaz | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 30 |
| 2 | CPUT | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 105 | 25 |
| 3 | WSU All Blacks | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 31 | 18 |
| 4 | UKZN Impi | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 22 | 16 |
| 5 | UFH Blues | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | −22 | 9 |
| 6 | TUT Vikings | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | -176 | 5 |
| 7 | Rhodes | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | -160 | 4 |
| Correct as at 20 February 2019. |
| Legend and competition rules |
| Legend: |
| | Qualified for the semifinals. | P = Games played, W = Games won, D = Games drawn, L = Games lost, PF = Points for, PA = Points against, PD = Points difference, TF = Tries for, TA = Tries against, TB = Try bonus points, LB = Losing bonus points, Pts = Log points |
| Competition rules: |
| Qualification: The top four teams qualified for the semifinals. Points breakdown: * 4 points for a win * 2 points for a draw * 1 bonus point for a loss by seven points or less * 1 bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match |

### Matches

The following matches were played in the 2019 Varsity Shield:

#### Round one

* Bye/s: TUT Vikings

#### Round two

* Bye/s: UKZN Impi

#### Round three

* Bye/s: UFH Blues

#### Round four

* Bye/s: CPUT

#### Round five

* Bye/s: NMU Madibaz

#### Round six

* Bye/s: WSU All Blacks

#### Round seven

* Bye/s: Rhodes
# Gideon Lang

Gideon Scott Lang (1819–1880) was a Scottish born Australian pastoralist who was a key figure in the pioneer settlement of Victoria, the Riverina and the Darling Downs regions.
Born on 25 January 1819 in Selkirk, Lang left school at 16. In 1839, his brothers migrated to Melbourne to take up land on the Saltwater (now Maribynong) River. Lang joined them two years later as a shepherd. Leaving his brothers to run a toll bridge and then a fishing business, he returned to his brothers, eventually squatting on land near Buninyong.
In 1848, the brothers acquired land in the Riverina, eventually holding 30 miles of Murrumbidgee River frontage. The town of Hay on the Murrumbidgee, was originally known as Lang's Crossing Place. Lang explored southern Queensland and in 1851, after obtaining information on the whereabouts of Ludwig Leichhardt attempted to begin a search, but was restrained by drought.
In 1854, Lang married Elizabeth Jane Cape, the sister of the schoolmaster William Timothy Cape. He was elected to represent the Liverpool Plains and Gwydir in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1856. On dissolution of the Assembly in 1857, Lang and his family toured Europe, meeting Giuseppe Garibaldi at Como in 1859 and returning to Australia in 1862.
In 1863, Lang became the founding president of the Riverine Association, formed to promote the interests of squatters and to advocate the separation of the Riverina from New South Wales. He was the first chairman of directors of the Commercial Bank of Australia on its establishment in 1866. Late in his life, he was involved in the Sydney International Exhibition in 1879. Lang died on 13 July 1880(1880-07-13) (aged 61).