OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom

The women's alpine skiing slalom event was part of the alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event. The competition was held on Thursday, February 5, 1948. Twenty-eight alpine skiers from ten nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Gretchen Fraser United States | Antoinette Meyer Switzerland | Erika Mahringer Austria |

## Results

| Place | Alpine skier | 1st run | 2nd run | Total | Difference |
| 1 | Gretchen Fraser (USA) | 59.7 | 57.5 | 117.2 | |
| 2 | Antoinette Meyer (SUI) | 60.7 | 57.0 | 117.7 | +0.5 |
| 3 | Erika Mahringer (AUT) | 59.8 | 58.2 | 118.0 | +0.8 |
| 4 | Georgette Miller-Thiollière (FRA) | 60.8 | 58.0 | 118.8 | +1.6 |
| 5 | Renée Clerc (SUI) | 63.8 | 62.0 | 125.8 | +8.6 |
| 6 | Anneliese Schuh-Proxauf (AUT) | 66.9 | 59.8 | 126.7 | +9.5 |
| 7 | Resi Hammerer (AUT) | 64.4 | 64.2 | 128.6 | +11.4 |
| 8 | Andrea Mead (USA) | 65.1 | 63.7 | 128.8 | +11.6 |
| 9 | Brynhild Grasmoen (USA) | 65.6 | 64.0 | 129.6 | +12.4 |
| 10 | May Nilsson (SWE) | 72.2 | 57.5 | 129.7 | +12.5 |
| 11 | Paula Kann (USA) | 67.8 | 62.0 | 129.8 | +12.6 |
| 12 | Françoise Gignoux (FRA) | 65.0 | 65.3 | 130.3 | +13.1 |
| 13 | Rosemarie Bleuer (SUI) | 66.2 | 64.4 | 130.6 | +13.4 |
| 14 | Laila Schou Nilsen (NOR) | 66.8 | 64.7 | 131.5 | +14.3 |
| 14 | Celina Seghi (ITA) | 73.2 | 58.3 | 131.5 | +14.3 |
| 16 | Alexandra Nekvapilová (TCH) | 63.2 | 68.8 | 132.0 | +14.8 |
| 17 | Olivia Ausoni (SUI) | 78.7 | 59.9 | 138.6 | +21.4 |
| 18 | Renata Carraretto (ITA) | 69.2 | 70.7 | 139.9 | +22.7 |
| 19 | Božena Moserová (TCH) | 72.5 | 67.6 | 140.1 | +22.9 |
| 20 | Lucienne Schmidt-Couttet (FRA) | 60.1 | 75.5* | 140.6 | +23.4 |
| 21 | Sheena Mackintosh (GBR) | 70.5 | 75.4* | 150.9 | +33.7 |
| 22 | Anikó Iglói (HUN) | 90.2 | 87.7 | 168.9 | +51.7 |
| 23 | Isobel Roe (GBR) | 84.5 | 85.1 | 169.6 | +52.4 |
| 24 | Bridget Duke-Wooley (GBR) | 94.7 | 79.0 | 173.7 | +57.5 |
| — | Suzanne Thiollière (FRA) | | | DNF | |
| — | Bunty Greenland (GBR) | | | DNF | |
| — | Borghild Niskin (NOR) | | | DSQ | |
| — | Annelore Zückert (AUT) | | | DSQ | |
* 5 seconds penalty added.
# Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill

The women's downhill event was part of the alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics program, and was the second appearance of the event. The competition was held at Norefjell Ski Resort near Krødsherad, Norway, on Sunday, 17 February. Forty-two alpine skiers from 13 nations competed.
Austria's Trude Jochum-Beiser won the gold medal, Annemarie Buchner of Germany took the silver, and Giuliana Minuzzo of Italy was the bronze medalist.
The race's starting elevation was 710 m (2,329 ft) above sea level; the course length was 1.35 km (0.84 mi), with a vertical drop of 385 m (1,263 ft). Jochum-Beiser's winning time of 107.1 seconds yielded an average speed of 45.378 km/h (28.2 mph), with an average vertical descent rate of 3.595 m/s (11.8 ft/s).

## Results

Sunday, 17 February 1952
The race was started at 13:00 local time, (UTC +1).
| Rank | Bib # | Competitor | Time | Difference |
| | 3 | Trude Jochum-Beiser (AUT) | 1:47.1 | — |
| | 5 | Annemarie Buchner (GER) | 1:48.0 | +0.9 |
| | 13 | Giuliana Minuzzo (ITA) | 1:49.0 | +1.9 |
| 4 | 2 | Erika Mahringer (AUT) | 1:49.5 | +2.4 |
| 5 | 8 | Dagmar Rom (AUT) | 1:49.8 | +2.7 |
| 6 | 7 | Madeleine Berthod (SUI) | 1:50.7 | +3.6 |
| 7 | 24 | Margit Hvammen (NOR) | 1:50.9 | +3.8 |
| 8 | 34 | Joanne Hewson (CAN) | 1:51.3 | +4.2 |
| 9 | 30 | Evi Lanig (GER) | 1:53.0 | +5.9 |
| 10 | 18 | Ida Schöpfer (SUI) | 1:53.0 | +5.9 |
| 10 | 19 | Hannelore Franke (GER) | 1:53.8 | +6.7 |
| 12 | 14 | Idly Walpoth (SUI) | 1:54.1 | +7.0 |
| 13 | 27 | Barbara Grocholska (POL) | 1:54.6 | +7.5 |
| 14 | 33 | Rosemarie Schutz (CAN) | 1:54.9 | +7.8 |
| 15 | 6 | Celina Seghi (ITA) | 1:54.9 | +7.8 |
| 15 | 23 | Silvia Glatthard (SUI) | 1:54.9 | +7.8 |
| 17 | 4 | Andrea Mead Lawrence (USA) | 1:55.3 | +8.2 |
| 18 | 28 | Sarah Thomasson (SWE) | 1:55.5 | +8.4 |
| 19 | 21 | Betty Weir (USA) | 1:55.7 | +8.6 |
| 20 | 12 | Rhoda Wurtele-Eaves (CAN) | 1:56.4 | +9.3 |
| 21 | 38 | Dagny Jørgensen (NOR) | 1:56.5 | +9.4 |
| 22 | 29 | Marysette Agnel (FRA) | 1:56.8 | +9.7 |
| 23 | 15 | Katy Rodolph (USA) | 1:57.4 | +10.3 |
| 24 | 16 | Trude Klecker (AUT) | 1:57.9 | +10.8 |
| 25 | 25 | Margareta Jacobsson (SWE) | 1:58.2 | +11.1 |
| 26 | 41 | Sheena Mackintosh (GBR) | 1:59.6 | +12.5 |
| 27 | 35 | Lucille Wheeler (CAN) | 1:59.7 | +12.6 |
| 28 | 31 | Ana María Dellai (ARG) | 2:00.3 | +13.2 |
| 29 | 40 | Ingrid Englund (SWE) | 2:01.3 | +14.2 |
| 30 | 1 | Andrée Bermond (FRA) | 2:03.1 | +16.0 |
| 31 | 26 | Karen-Sofie Styrmoe (NOR) | 2:15.5 | +28.4 |
| 32 | 43 | Ildikó Szendrődi-Kővári (HUN) | 2:18.5 | +31.4 |
| 33 | 42 | Fiona Campbell (GBR) | 2:18.6 | +31.5 |
| 34 | 37 | Maria Kowalska (POL) | 2:27.4 | +40.3 |
| 35 | 11 | Lia Leismüller (GER) | 2:37.6 | +50.5 |
| — | 9 | Jacqueline Martel (FRA) | DSQ | |
| — | 10 | Borghild Niskin (NOR) | DSQ | |
| — | 17 | Jannette Burr (USA) | DSQ | |
| — | 22 | Maria Grazia Marchelli (ITA) | DSQ | |
| — | 36 | Hilary Laing (GBR) | DSQ | |
| — | 44 | Teresa Kodelska (POL) | DSQ | |
| — | 45 | Vora Mackintosh (GBR) | DSQ | |
# Alvo

Alvo may refer to:
* Alvo, Nebraska, a village
* Oxaprozin, from trade name
* Alvo (river), a river in southern Italy
# Alvocidib

Alvocidib (INN; also known as flavopiridol) is a flavonoid alkaloid CDK9 kinase inhibitor under clinical development by Tolero Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. It has been studied also for the treatment of arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. The target of alvocidib is the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb. Treatment of cells with alvocidib leads to inhibition of P-TEFb and the loss of mRNA production.
The compound is a synthetic analog of natural product rohitukine which was initially extracted from Aphanamixis polystachya (formerly Amoora rohituka, hence the name) and later from Dysoxylum binectariferum.

## Orphan drug

The FDA has granted orphan drug designation to alvocidib for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
# Amalia Popper

Amalia Popper (Trieste, 26 August 1891 – Florence, 1967) was the first Italian translator of James Joyce's works and author of his first biography, published as an introduction to his translation of Dubliners, published in 1935 in Trieste under the title "Araby".
According to Joyce biographer Richard Ellmann, Amalia Popper is the woman to whom the love poem "Giacomo Joyce" is dedicated, and was one of the sources of inspiration for the character of Molly Bloom in Ulysses.

## Early life

Amalia Popper was born in Trieste, the daughter of Leopold Popper, a Bohemian insurer of Jewish origin, and Letizia Luzzatto, a Venetian with a vocation for painting. In 1908-09 she was a private pupil of James Joyce, who taught her English. During this period, the Irish writer established a bond of friendship with the Popper family, frequenting their home even outside the lessons given to his daughters.
She then attended the University of Florence where she met Michele Risolo, her future husband. In 1929 Stannie Joyce asked her to publish a contribution in Erewhon. Thinking of her Jewish roots, she suggested an essay on Zangwill, but Popper preferred to try her luck in translating some of the stories contained in Dubliners: Araby, A cloud, Counterparts, Evelina, The Dead. The translated texts were revised and corrected by Joyce himself and published in the early thirties in the Piccolo di Trieste. In 1935 they were collected in the volume "Araby", accompanied by a brief biography of Joyce authorized by him.
During World War II Popper moved to Florence, where she worked as an English and German teacher. She died in 1967 after a long illness.

## Identification with Molly Bloom

Amalia Popper suddenly gained notoriety in 1968 when Joyce biographer Richard Ellmann, based on the words of Stannie Joyce, identified her as the inspirational muse of the poem Giacomo Joyce, written in 1914 and published posthumously. According to Ellmann, Amalia Popper was also one of the models used by Joyce for the character of Molly Bloom in Ulysses., in particular "because of the character and her southern European appearance". Even the name Molly would be a reference to Amalia, whom they used to call at home with the diminutives Malietta, Maliú or Màli. Leopold Bloom would be a reference to Amalia's father, Leopold Popper.
# America Martin

America Martin (born 7 July 1980) is an American painter, sculptor, and self-proclaimed painting anthropologist. Martin's primary subject is the human form. Her style mixes abstract and indigenous motifs and has been compared to mid-century artists. She credits her Colombian roots for her aesthetic and tastes.

## Family and early life

America was born in Los Angeles in 1980 to a family of artists. Her uncle is painter Knox Martin; her father is an artist, matador, and author Ernest J. T. Martin; her mother is an academic, and her siblings went on to pursue careers in the arts. She began drawing at age nine after discovering the work of Vincent Van Gogh. Shortly thereafter, she began an eight-year apprenticeship with Vernon Wilson, a professor at the ArtCenter College of Design in Pasadena. Martin also worked briefly as an actress, notably as Patsy in Disney's The Rocketeer, while attending Crossroads School for the Arts and Sciences in Santa Monica, California.

## Fine art

Martin has worked in a variety of visual artistic media including painting, drawing, and sculpting in steel and aluminum. She is best known for her large oil and acrylic nude paintings. In addition to her female nudes, Martin's subjects include jazz musicians, boxers, Native Americans, street scenes, landscapes, and still lives.

## Artistic style

In terms of process, Martin uses her whole body when painting, using the length of her arms to control the strokes. She has also being complimented for her command of line and color Her move to a new studio in Silver Lake, Los Angeles, in 2009 allowed her to experiment with a variety of new media. It has and continues to act as a venue to host a variety of cultural events that support the artistic community. She also works in collections, painting and drawing a unique body of work distinct from the exhibition location.

## Career

Martin has been shown and collected internationally. In 2002, she had her first solo show in Beverly Hills and has since been exhibited in solo and group shows. In 2009, she received a residency at the Walter Anderson Museum of At, with a grant from the Mississippi Arts Commission. She has been represented in Austin, Laguna Beach, Los Angeles, New Jersey, New York City, Ontario, Santa Barbara, Taos and Maine. Since 2017, her work has been displayed in American embassies as a part of the US State Department's Art in Embassies (AIE) program.
# Ambricourt

Ambricourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.
The commune is the setting of Georges Bernanos's 1936 novel The Diary of a Country Priest (Journal d'un curé de campagne) and Robert Bresson's 1951 film adaptation of the same name.

## Geography

A small village situated some 15 miles (24 km) east of Montreuil-sur-Mer, on the D71 E4 road.
# Ambridge

Ambridge may refer to:
* Ambridge (The Archers), a fictional place in the UK radio programme, The Archers
* Ambridge, Indiana, a former neighborhood, now part of Ambridge Mann, Indiana, US
** Ambridge station, a former railway station in Ambridge Mann
* Ambridge, Pennsylvania, a borough in the US
* Ambridge, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in the US
* American Bridge Company

## People with the surname

* Cameron Ambridge (born 1978), Australian stunt performer
# Ambridge Extra

Ambridge Extra is an extension of the long-running radio drama The Archers. It began broadcasting sporadically on the digital radio station BBC Radio 4 Extra from 5 April 2011. The programme ran for five series, before it was "rested".

## Overview

Ambridge Extra ran in addition to The Archers and gave an insight into other areas of the characters' lives. Writer Tim Stimpson explained the show "should be a little extra gift to our regular Archers listeners, crafted with affection and giving them a new perspective on life in Ambridge." He stated that the team wanted the series to be accessible for people who had never listened to The Archers before. Ambridge Extra featured a number of new or previously silent and minor characters from the main series and initially focussed on several of the younger characters. The programme was broadcast on Tuesday and Thursday with an omnibus on Sunday, all following The Archers on Radio 4. The Archers theme tune "Barwick Green" was re-arranged for Ambridge Extra, and was performed by folk group Bellowhead.
The first series of Ambridge Extra ran for 13 weeks (26 episodes) from April through to June 2011. A second 13-week series began airing from 4 October 2011 at 2.15pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It was produced by Sara Conkey and Rosie Boulton. Ambridge Extra was recommissioned for a third series, which began airing from 3 July 2012. A fourth series was broadcast from 4 December 2012. When the fifth series of Ambridge Extra began on 2 July 2013, there was much criticism over key scenes appearing in the show rather than The Archers.
On 30 January 2014, it was confirmed that Ambridge Extra would not be returning for a sixth series and was going to be "rested". Anita Singh from The Daily Telegraph reported that the show was "highly unlikely" to return. The commissioning editor for Radio 4 Extra stated "Our Ambridge Extra decision won't impact on The Archers in any way, but across the BBC we are having to make tough financial choices and prioritise and protect the services and content that deliver the most value to audiences."

## Reception

Listener response to the early episodes were largely negative. Vicki Power from The Daily Telegraph suggested that the series showed potential, but needed to include storylines that the main show could "not afford to ignore", suggesting that the current format felt like listening to "the reserve team". The show was nicknamed AMEX by listeners. It was also dubbed "Archers Lite". The show attracted an average audience of 250,000 listeners per week, compared with the main show's five million.
# Ambición

Ambición may refer to:
* Ambition (1939 film), a 1939 Argentine film
* Ambición (TV series), a 1980 Mexican telenovela
# Ambica Charan Mazumdar

Ambica Charan Mazumdar (1850 – 19 March 1922) was an Indian Bengali politician who served as the president of the Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Born in Sandiya, a village in Bengal Presidency's Faridpur district (in present-day Bangladesh), Mazumdar graduated from the Scottish Church College as a graduating student of the University of Calcutta.

## Career

He presided over the 1899 Bengal Provincial Conference at Burdwan as well as the 1910 Conference in Calcutta. He had served as the president of the 31st session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 where the famous Lucknow Pact was signed between the Congress and the Muslim league and also moderates and extremists of the Congress party came together once again.

## Works

* Indian National Evolution
# 2024 Hall of Fame Open – Doubles

André Göransson and Sem Verbeek defeated Robert Cash and James Tracy in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Hall of Fame Open. It was the first ATP Tour doubles title for Verbeek and the second for Göransson.
Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow were the defending champions, but lost to Anirudh Chandrasekar and Arjun Kadhe in the first round.

## Seeds

* Nathaniel Lammons / Jackson Withrow (first round)
* Julian Cash / Robert Galloway (quarterfinals)
* Diego Hidalgo / John-Patrick Smith (first round)
* William Blumberg / Rinky Hijikata (first round)
* Evan King / Reese Stalder (quarterfinals)
* André Göransson / Sem Verbeek (champions)
* Ryan Seggerman / Patrik Trhac (first round)
* Rithvik Choudary Bollipalli / Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | N Lammons J Withrow | 3 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Chandrasekar A Kadhe | 6 | 3 | [10] | | A Chandrasekar A Kadhe | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | C Harrison V Kirkov | 7 | 6 | | | C Harrison V Kirkov | 4 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | R Seggerman P Trhac | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | A Chandrasekar A Kadhe | 4 | 3 | | | | |
| 3 | D Hidalgo J-P Smith | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | WC | R Cash J Tracy | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | R Cash J Tracy | 6 | 7 | | WC | R Cash J Tracy | 7$^8$ | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Lestienne Z Svajda | 4 | 3 | | 5 | E King R Stalder | 6$^6$ | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | E King R Stalder | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | WC | R Cash J Tracy | 3 | 4 |
| 6 | A Göransson S Verbeek | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 6 | A Göransson S Verbeek | 6 | 6 |
| WC | J Paris R Ramanathan | 3 | 6 | [8] | 6 | A Göransson S Verbeek | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M McDonald A Michelsen | 6 | 4 | [10] | | M McDonald A Michelsen | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | W Blumberg R Hijikata | 4 | 6 | [3] | | | | | | 6 | A Göransson S Verbeek | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | |
| 8 | RC Bollipalli N Kaliyanda Poonacha | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | L Saville A Vukic | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | |
| | L Saville A Vukic | 6 | 6 | | | L Saville A Vukic | 6 | 6$^3$ | [13] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Mannarino H Mayot | 3 | 4 | | 2 | J Cash R Galloway | 4 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | J Cash R Galloway | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Amazonas Province

Amazonas Province may refer to:
* Amazonas Province (Brazil), 1850–1889
* Amazonas Province (Venezuela), 1856–1860, one of the provinces of Venezuela
# 2024 Liège–Bastogne–Liège

The 2024 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was a Belgian road cycling one-day race that took place on 21 April. It was the 110th edition of Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the 19th event of the 2024 UCI World Tour. It was won for the second time by Tadej Pogačar.

## Teams

All eighteen UCI WorldTeams and seven UCI ProTeams took part in the race.
UCI WorldTeams
* Alpecin–Deceuninck
* Arkéa–B&B Hotels
* Astana Qazaqstan Team
* Bora–Hansgrohe
* Cofidis
* Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale
* EF Education–EasyPost
* Groupama–FDJ
* Ineos Grenadiers
* Intermarché–Wanty
* Lidl–Trek
* Movistar Team
* Soudal–Quick-Step
* Team Bahrain Victorious
* Team dsm–firmenich PostNL
* Team Jayco–AlUla
* UAE Team Emirates
* Visma–Lease a Bike
UCI ProTeams
* Bingoal WB
* Equipo Kern Pharma
* Israel–Premier Tech
* Lotto–Dstny
* Team Flanders–Baloise
* Team TotalEnergies
* Uno-X Mobility

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Tadej Pogačar (SLO) | UAE Team Emirates | 6h 13' 48" |
| 2 | Romain Bardet (FRA) | Team dsm–firmenich PostNL | + 1' 39" |
| 3 | Mathieu van der Poel (NED) | Alpecin–Deceuninck | + 2' 02" |
| 4 | Maxim Van Gils (BEL) | Lotto–Dstny | + 2' 02" |
| 5 | Aurélien Paret-Peintre (FRA) | Decathlon–AG2R La Mondiale | + 2' 02" |
| 6 | Mauri Vansevenant (BEL) | Soudal–Quick-Step | + 2' 02" |
| 7 | Valentin Madouas (FRA) | Groupama–FDJ | + 2' 02" |
| 8 | Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ) | Astana Qazaqstan Team | + 2' 02" |
| 9 | Pello Bilbao (ESP) | Team Bahrain Victorious | + 2' 02" |
| 10 | Tom Pidcock (GBR) | Ineos Grenadiers | + 2' 02" |
# Amborompotsy

Amborompotsy is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambatofinandrahana, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. It is also a site of industrial-scale mining. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 35% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and beans, while other important agricultural products are maize and cassava. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.
# Alvania pariana

Alvania pariana is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 2.3 mm, its diameter 1.5 mm.
(Original description) The turreted shell is conic-oblong. It contains about 6 whorls. They are decorated by about 4 spiral ribs narrower than their interstices, upon which rise into points somewhat stout longitudinal costae, forming subquadrate or oblong pits, in which some faint striae may be observed. The apex is smooth. The base has about 4 spiral ribs. The outer lip is stout and expanded.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in Tertiary strata in Trinidad.
# Alvania parasusieae

Alvania parasusieae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
# American Association of Endodontists

The American Association of Endodontists, or AAE, is a non-profit organization of endodontists and other professionals with an interest in endodontics founded in 1943.
Headquartered in the Two Prudential Plaza Building in Chicago, Ill., the Association represents more than 7,400 members worldwide. Endodontics is one of 12 dental specialties formally recognized by the American Dental Association.
In 2004 Sandra Madison, of Asheville, North Carolina, was elected as the first female president of the American Association of Endodontists.

## Journal

The Journal of Endodontics is the official journal of the American Association of Endodontists and is published by Elsevier.

## Overview

The American Association of Endodontists serves as the primary source of continuing education in endodontics for its members, the dental profession, the public and others. As an educational and social medium, the AAE Annual Session attracts endodontists and other dental professionals from around the world to exchange ideas and learn the latest endodontic techniques and research. Smaller educational conferences are offered around the United States.
The Association sponsors the American Board of Endodontics, the national Board responsible for certifying endodontists. Board certification requires successful completion of the Written, Case History Portfolio and Oral Examinations. Endodontists who achieve Board certification are known as Diplomates of the ABE.
The Association also partners with the AAE Foundation, a charitable organization promoting the advancement of the science of endodontics through grants to education and to research. The Foundation awards research grants to students and researchers twice a year. It supports education through the Endodontic Educator Fellowship Award, a program that pays tuition and a stipend to students who agree to teach endodontics full-time for five years, and other funding initiatives.