OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernesto Grassi

Ernesto Grassi (2 May 1902 – 22 December 1991) was an Italian philosopher.

## Life

He maintained an intimate friendship with Donald Phillip Verene.

## Thought

Grassi sought to take up the Heideggerean Destruktion of metaphysics, grounding his philosophical enterprise instead in the tradition of rhetoric. He identified the Italian humanist tradition as a potential site to begin this development of philosophy, and his works often contain copious references to the Italian humanists. In this tradition, "work and metaphor are the source of human history and society", an approach to thought which must reject the rational, proceeding as it does from "general and necessary premises."
His work Rhetoric as Philosophy is considered as "the first protracted attempt to synthesize Italian humanism with rhetoric, as a source of philosophical invention."

## Theory on Rhetoric and Humanism

Looking at the theory of Ernesto Grassi of rhetoric and humanism, he inherited ideas from the likes of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian to help introduce and assure his theory. Grassi was quite specific when it came to understanding his ideas. He starts with making sure that the "description of nature of rhetoric is to summarize the distinction he draws between critical or rational discourse and topical discourse," (Golden. Berquist, Coleman, & Sprouse. 2011, 307). When it comes to his theory he normally would side with Giambattista Vico (an Italian philosopher, 1668–1744).
There are three primary faculties of true rhetoric:
Ingenium-Most important and essential to the understanding of humanistic tradition. Those who have an issue within this "trait" have issues with traditional humanistic advances within their lives.
Work- This "trait", according to Grassi, helps develop the understanding of need and development of the history of mankind. It allows us to create our imprints of today for the history of tomorrow.
Metaphor-With this, according to Grassi, a person must be able to bring together Ingenium and work making metaphor beneficial for the continuation of growth and development.
Ingenium, Work, and Metaphor is intertwined with knowledge, rationality, language and plays a role in nature.
# Impulse Economy

The Impulse Economy: Understanding Mobile Shoppers and What Makes Them Buy is a book by Gary Schwartz that analyzes the evolution of mobile shopper behaviour. The book was first released in 2011 in the US and Canadian markets by Simon & Schuster, Atria imprint.
The Impulse Economy the first of a series of mobile marketing books published by Simon & Schuster. The second in the series, Fast Shopper, Slow Store, was published in 2012.
The Impulse Economy was the first NFC enabled "smart book". RFID stickers were placed on the cover of the book to allow book shopper with a NFC enabled phone to tap to instantly link to book information. Simon & Schuster calls this the first contactless book.
The online book abstract reads, "We live in a world where our mobile devices have become extensions of ourselves. We depend on them for instant connections to entertainment, social media, news, and deals. The phone has become our ticket, loyalty card, and catchall wallet. Networks are faster, phones are smarter, and the mobile shopper is ready to spend money now. What can a business do to maximize the mobile buying power of the new impulse consumer?"
# Indian Camp Hollow

Indian Camp Hollow is a valley in Hickman County, Tennessee, in the United States.
Indian Camp Hollow was named from a former Native American camping ground located there.
# La Viuda Island

La Viuda Island (The Widow Island), also known as Los Chimús Island, is an island of Peru.
The island received its name "The Widow" after the frigate Mercedes sank off the island's shores in 1852, drowning 1,200, including the boat captain, whose wife survived the tragedy.
* This Peruvian geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Lacinipolia spiculosa

Lacinipolia spiculosa is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Lacinipolia spiculosa is 10400.
# Erika Jo

Erika Jo Vastola (née Heriges, born November 2, 1986, in Angleton, Texas), known simply by the stage name Erika Jo, is an American country music recording artist who was declared winner of the 2005 season of the Nashville Star television program. Eighteen years old at the time, Erika Jo is both the youngest person to win the competition and the first female winner. She was signed to Universal South Records in 2005 and released her self-titled debut album, which produced a chart single in "I Break Things", a No. 53 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. A second single from the album, a cover of the Jessi Colter hit, "I'm Not Lisa", failed to chart, and she was dropped from Universal South in 2007.

## Early life

Erika Jo is the daughter of Bo and Paige Heriges. Erika Jo grew up in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, 15 miles east of Nashville, and is a 2005 graduate of Wilson Central High School in Lebanon, Tennessee.

## Career

Erika Jo was also a national finalist in the 1999 True Value Country Showdown (now called the Colgate Country Showdown), a talent competition consisting of regional winners from across the United States. She also competed on the singing competition Nashville Star in 2005 and won first plce.
Her first single, "I Break Things", was released immediately upon her Nashville Star victory. The music video received heavy rotation on CMT and GAC, but the song peaked at No. 53. One subsequent single ("I'm Not Lisa") was released; it failed to reach the charts. Her only professional album, Erika Jo, was released by Universal South Records on June 14, 2005 and debuted at No. 5 on Billboard's country album chart, but the album, like its first single, enjoyed very limited success after its initial launch, selling just 118,829 copies through its first 11 months in release. She was later dropped from Universal South.

## Personal life

Erika Jo married Stephen Vastola in 2013. They reside in suburban Nashville.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US Country | US |
| Erika Jo | Release date: June 14, 2005 Label: Universal South Records Formats: CD, music download | 5 | 27 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | US Country | Album |
| 2005 | "I Break Things" | 53 | Erika Jo |
| 2005 | "I'm Not Lisa" | — | Erika Jo |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||

### Music videos

| Year | Video | Director |
| 2005 | "I Break Things" | Warren P. Sonoda |
# Labeobarbus fasolt

Labeobarbus fasolt is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus which is found only in rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Lady Luck (album)

Lady Luck is the second full-length album by the American rock band Broadzilla, released in October 2001. The album was instrumental in Broadzilla's winning of several Detroit Music Awards.

## Track listing

* Ecstasy (May) – 3:36
* Liquor Snatch (May/Essiambre) – 3:54
* Diamond Sex Goddess (May) – 3:49
* Y Did U Have 2B Psycho? (May/Essiambre) – 3:15
* High Society (May) – 5:36
* Sacred Heart Song (May) – 2:14
* Lady Luck (May) – 2:21
* On the Run (May/Essiambre) – 3:07
* Stargazer (May) – 3:35
* Four: Twenty (May/Essiambre) – 3:01
* Love Child (Sawyer/Taylor/Wilson/Richards) – 3:01
* Burn Baby Burn! (May) – 3:29
* Liquor Snatch – Detroit Techno Remix (May/Essiambre) – 20:54
Note: The track "Liquor Snatch – Detroit Techno Remix" contains two different remixes of the original track by DJ Sean Deason, separated by approximately 7:23 of dead space.

## Personnel

Rachel May (vocals, guitar) Kim Essiambre (bass, backing vocals) Angie Manly (drums, backing vocals)
# Lady Luck/Dilly Dally

"'Lady Luck/Dilly Dally" is the fourth Japanese single from South Korean girl group After School. It is a double A-side single consisting of two a-sides and one b-side, the b-side being exclusive to the CD only edition. The single was scheduled to be released on June 13, 2012. "Dilly Dally" was sampled on the Rexena deodorant commercial and "Lady Luck" was used in Samantha Thavasa's "summer collection" commercial. The b-side, "Slow Love", was also used on a commercial for Eyefull Home. The single is to be released in three versions: CD only edition, CD & DVD (Type A) edition and CD & DVD (Type B) edition.
This is the last release with former leader Park Kahi.

## Chart performance
### Oricon chart

| Released | Oricon Chart | Peak | Debut Sales | Sales Total | Chart Run |
| June 13, 2012 | Daily Singles Chart | 3 | 7,648 | 17,572+ | 5 weeks |
| June 13, 2012 | Weekly Singles Chart | 6 | 13,424 | 17,572+ | 5 weeks |
| June 13, 2012 | Monthly Singles Chart | 23 | 16,715 | 17,572+ | 5 weeks |
| June 13, 2012 | Yearly Singles Chart | 393 | 17,572 | 17,572+ | 5 weeks |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| Japan | May 23, 2012 - June 13, 2012 | Digital download (Lady Luck only) | Avex Trax |
| Japan | June 13, 2012 | CD single, Digital download (Full single) | Avex Trax |
| Hong Kong | June 29, 2012 | CD single, Digital download (Full single) | Avex Trax |
| Taiwan | June 29, 2012 | CD single, Digital download (Full single) | Avex Trax |
| Thailand | July 26, 2012 | CD single, Digital download (Full single) | GMM Grammy |
# Escadrille SPA.37

Escadrille 37 of the French Air Force was established at Chateauford, France in January 1915. Its original equipment of Morane-Saulniers led to its original designation of Escadrille MS 37.

## History

Initially, Escadrille MS 37 was posted to support II Armee of the French Army. During July, it began the transition to Nieuport two-seaters which would lead to its being redubbed Escadrille N 37 on 20 September 1915. In Spring 1916, the escadrille converted to Nieuport 11s. On 2 July 1916, the unit was forwarded to support VI Armee. The ad hoc Groupement de Chasse de Cachy was there with its four assigned Escadrilles; N 37 and two other escadrilles were temporarily attached to the groupement.
In January 1917, Escadrille N.37 transferred to III Armee. In early March, it moved to IV Armee. At the same time, it began to rearm with SPADs; this would lead to its later redesignation as Escadrille SPA 37. In March, it was incorporated into alarger unit, Groupe de Combat 15. In July, Escadrille 37 was again posted to II Armee. In September, it returned briefly to IV Armee before once again being assigned to II Armee later in 1917.
As part of GC 15, Escadrille 37 joined in the groupe missions as it returned to support of IV Armee in mid-January 1918. The escadrille remained with GC 15 as the latter was incorporated into the larger Escadre de Combat No. 1 on 4 February 1918; subsequently that formation joined an even larger one, 1er Division Aerienne, on 14 May 1918.
On 4 October 1918, the Escadre and its constituent escadrilles were cited in orders. Escadrille SPA 37 was credited with 50 confirmed victories and 35 probables to date. Subsequent victories before war's end are unknown.
Escadrille 37 served in the French Air Force until disbandment on 29 June 2010.

## Commanding officers

* Capitaine Louis Quillien: January 1915 - KIA 3 April 1916
* Lieutenant Marcel Feierstein: 4 April 1916 - 19 December 1917
* Capitaine Marcel Bonnevay: 20 December 1917 - 4 February 1918
* Lieutenant Paumier: 5 February 1918 - KIA 4 June 1918
* Lieutenant Roger Poupon: 5 June 1918 - ?

## Notable personnel

* Adolphe Pegoud
* Bernard Barny de Romanet
* Fernand Guyou
* Roger Poupon
* Georges Lienhart
* Etienne Tsu

## Aircraft inventory

* Morane-Saulnier two-seaters: January 1915
* Nieuport two-seaters: From July 1915
* Nieuport 11: Spring 1916
* SPAD: From March 1917

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 92.
# Ladd Glacier

Ladd Glacier is an alpine glacier on the north slope of Mount Hood in the U.S. state of Oregon. It lies at an average elevation of 7,500 feet (2,300 m). The glacier lies entirely within Mount Hood Wilderness.
Between 1907 and 2004, Ladd Glacier lost 37% of its surface area and the glacier terminus retreated 1,190 metres (3,900 ft) over the same time period.
# Information bias (epidemiology)

In epidemiology, information bias refers to bias arising from measurement error. Information bias is also referred to as observational bias and misclassification. A Dictionary of Epidemiology, sponsored by the International Epidemiological Association, defines this as the following:
   "1. A flaw in measuring exposure, covariate, or outcome variables that results in different quality (accuracy) of information between comparison groups. The occurrence of information biases may not be independent of the occurrence of selection biases.
   2. Bias in an estimate arising from measurement errors."

## Misclassification

Misclassification thus refers to measurement error. There are two types of misclassification in epidemiological research: non-differential misclassification and differential misclassification.

### Nondifferential misclassification

Nondifferential misclassification is when all classes, groups, or categories of a variable (whether exposure, outcome, or covariate) have the same error rate or probability of being misclassified for all study subjects. It has traditionally been assumed that in the case of binary or dichotomous variables nondifferential misclassification would result in an 'underestimation' of the hypothesized relationship between exposure and outcome. However, this has more recently been challenged in that results of individual studies represent a single estimate and not the average of repeated measurements and thus can be farther (or nearer) from the null value (i.e. zero) than the true value.

### Differential misclassification

Differential misclassification occurs when the error rate or probability of being misclassified differs across groups of study subjects. For example, the accuracy of blood pressure measurement may be lower for heavier than for lighter study subjects, or a study of elderly persons may find that reports from elderly persons with dementia are less reliable than those without dementia. The effect(s) of such misclassification can vary from an overestimation to an underestimation of the true value. Statisticians have developed methods to adjust for this type of bias, which may assist somewhat in compensating for this problem when known and when it is quantifiable.
# Infantry Battle School

The Infantry Battle School, Brecon is a British Army training establishment at Dering Lines in Brecon, Wales.

## History

The Infantry Battle School was established at Brecon in 1939, at the start of the Second World War. The Parachute Regiment formed a battle camp there in 1961, which was absorbed by the Tactical Training Wing of the School of Infantry in 1976. The school was further redeveloped in 1995.
A sub-unit of the Royal Gurkha Rifles, Gurkha Wing (Mandalay), is tasked with providing realistic OPFOR training for those at the IBS.

## Courses

Courses run at the Infantry Battle School:
* Live Fire Tactical Training Course
* All Arms Skill At Arms Instructor Course
* All Arms Range Management Course
* Urban Operator Instructor Course
* Close Quarter Battle Instructor Course
* Dismounted Close Combat Trainer
* Platoon Commanders’ Battle Course
* Platoon Sergeants’ Battle Course
* Section Commanders’ Battle Course
# La stravaganza

La stravaganza [literally 'Extravagance'] (The Eccentricity), Op. 4, is a set of concertos written by Antonio Vivaldi in 1712–1713. The set was first published in 1716 in Amsterdam and was dedicated to Venetian nobleman Vettor Delfino, who had been a violin student of Vivaldi's. All of the concertos are scored for solo violin, strings, and basso continuo; however, some movements require extra soloists (such as a second violin and/or cello solo).

## List of concerti

These works are laid out in the following movements:
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 1 in B-flat major, RV 383a:
* Allegro
* Largo e cantabile
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 2 in E minor, RV 279:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 3 in G major, RV 301:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro assai
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 4 in A minor, RV 357:
* Allegro
* Grave e sempre piano
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 5 in A major, RV 347:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro (moderato)
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 6 in G minor, RV 316a:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 7 in C major, RV 185:
* Largo
* Allegro (molto)
* Largo
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 8 in D minor, RV 249:
* Allegro – Adagio – Presto – Adagio
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 9 in F major, RV 284:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 10 in C minor, RV 196:
* Spiritoso
* Adagio
* Allegro
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 11 in D major, RV 204:
* Allegro
* Largo
* Allegro assai
La Stravaganza, Op.4, Concerto No. 12 in G major, RV 298:
* Spiritoso e non presto
* Largo
* Allegro

## Notable recordings

* Vivaldi: La Stravaganza (12 Violin Concertos, Op. 4), Zino Vinnikov (Violin & Music Director), Soloists' Ensemble of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, September 2014.
* Vivaldi, La Stravaganza, Rachel Podger (Violin), Channel Classics, 2003, CCS SA 19503. This recording won the Gramophone Award for Best Baroque Recording of 2003.
# La storia di un peccato

La storia di un peccato (English: The story of a sin) is a 1918 silent Italian drama film based on the novel by Polish writer Stefan Żeromski of the same title directed by Carmine Gallone.

## Cast

* Soava Gallone
* Ciro Galvani
* Tony Kirkland
* Bruno Emanuel Palmi
* Mario Parpagnoli
* Guido Trento
# La storia del fornaretto di Venezia

La storia del fornaretto di Venezia is a 1952 Italian historical drama film.

## Cast

* Doris Duranti as Bianca Sormani
* Mariella Lotti as Anna Loredan
* Paolo Carlini as Marco Loredan
* Renato Chiantoni as Il servo di Loredan
* Attilio Dottesio as L'avogadore
* Loris Gizzi as Don Fulgenzio
* Arnoldo Foà
* Vira Silenti
* Marco Vicario
* Isarco Ravaioli
* Sergio Bergonzelli
# Inert waste

Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose or only very slowly. Examples of this are sand, concrete, and demolition waste. This has particular relevance to landfills as inert waste typically requires lower disposal fees than biodegradable waste or hazardous waste.
# Essey-lès-Nancy

Essey-lès-Nancy (French pronunciation:, literally Essey near Nancy) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine

The Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine (IAFM) was founded and registered as Society on 12 May 1972. Dr. I. Bhooshana Rao was the first President of the academy.
The Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine is the largest association of the specialty of Forensic Pathology in India. It also publishes its quarterly Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine regularly. This association has specialist member strength of more than 1200.

## Publications

The Academy also publishes a quarterly-monthly research journal called Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, an indexed journal since 1972. The scope of the journal covers all aspects of Forensic Medicine and allied fields, research and applied.
# Lagos, Evros

Lagos (Greek: Λαγός) is a village in the northeastern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece. It is located south of Orestiada and north of Didymoteicho. Lagos is part of the community of Ellinochori within the municipality of Didymoteicho. In 2021 its population was 451. A military base next to Lagos is home to the Greek Army's 30th Mechanized Infantry Brigade.
# Indoetra

Indoetra is a monotypic genus of south Asian golden orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Indoetra thisbe. Originally described as a subgenus of Clitaetra, it was elevated to genus status in 2019. It has only been found in Sri Lanka.
# Inez James

Inez James (November 15, 1919 – December 19, 1993), also known as Inez James Walden, was an American composer working mostly in the motion picture industry. She is remembered as being one of three writers of the song "Vaya Con Dios", which has been recorded over 500 times.
Her first film credits were in 1943 as a composer for songs in Mister Big, When Johnny Comes Marching Home, Moonlight in Vermont, and four others. She composed songs for 19 more movies over the years, culminating in work for 1959's Pillow Talk, starring Rock Hudson and Doris Day and 1960's Portrait in Black, starring Lana Turner and Anthony Quinn. She is credited for co-writing the title song from Pillow Talk, sung by Doris Day in the film. The film's score was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Dramatic or Comedy Score in 1959, but it is not clear how the title song related to this nomination.
With Larry Russell and Buddy Pepper, Inez James wrote "Vaya Con Dios", which was a U.S. #1 hit by Les Paul and Mary Ford in 1953.
Inez James died on December 19, 1993, in Sherman Oaks, California.
# Ingerana

Ingerana is a genus of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. Species of the genus are distributed in southeastern Asia, from Nepal, northeastern India, and southwestern China to Indochina, Borneo, and the Philippines. They are sometimes known commonly as the eastern frogs.

## Etymology

The genus Ingerana is named in honor of American herpetologist Robert F. Inger.

## Species

With the placement of Ingerana baluensis being enigmatic, several species having been transferred to Limnonectes in 2013 (Ingerana alpina, Ingerana liui, Ingerana medogensis, Ingerana xizangensis), and one species being transferred to Minervarya in 2022 (Ingerana charlesdarwini), this genus is left the following species:
* Ingerana borealis (Annandale, 1912)
* Ingerana reticulata (Zhao & S.-Q. Li, 1984)
* Ingerana tenasserimensis (Sclater, 1892)
# Inger Vandyke

Inger Vandyke is an Australian wildlife photojournalist, explorer, and global expedition leader. She has photographed rare snow leopards in the wild. She was honoured in 2013 as an International Member of the Explorer's Club for her work in documenting the vanishing culture of Tibet.
# Estero Hondo

Estero Hondo is a town in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic with six localities. It i known for its coral sand beaches and clear waters, such as Playa Puerto Coral, El Pato, El Buren, La Ensenada, and Punta Rucia. It features the Estero Hondo Manatee Sanctuary National Park.
It is historically known for the June 1959 anti-Trujillo military expedition.

## History

It is a historic town due to the military expedition on June 14, 1959, led by Enrique Jiménez Moya.

## Sources

* World Gazeteer: Dominican Republic – World-Gazetteer.com
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Estero Island

Estero Island is an island located in Lee County, Florida, on the Gulf coast of Southwest Florida. It is bordered by San Carlos Island to the north and Big Carlos Pass to the south. The Matanzas Pass Bridge is on the northern end of the island and connects Estero Island over Matanzas Pass to San Carlos Island. The Big Carlos Bridge (part of the Bonita Beach Causeway) connects the southern end of the island to Black Island (the northern limit of the city of Bonita Springs).

## Communities

The island is part of the town of Fort Myers Beach.
# Estero Coya

The Estero Coya is a river of Chile.
# Lake Lakengren, Ohio

Lake Lakengren (lock-n-grin, a Viking name meaning “Lake of the emerald green hills”) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Gasper Township, Preble County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,387 at the 2020 census. A private planned community located 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Eaton, the northern portion of Lake Lakengren is served by Eaton Community Schools and the southern portion is served by the Preble Shawnee Local School District.

## History

Lake Lakengren had its start in the late 1960s as a planned community.