OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Batten (theater)

In theaters, a batten (also known as a bar or pipe) is a long metal pipe suspended above the stage or audience from which lighting fixtures, theatrical scenery, and theater drapes and stage curtains may be hung. Battens that are located above a stage can usually be lowered to the stage (flown in) or raised into a fly tower above the stage (flown out) by a fly system.

## Types
### Electric

An electric is a batten that incorporates electrical cables above the pipe, often enclosed in a raceway. It typically has power cables for lights and DMX512 data cable for lighting control, and may also have audio cables for microphones. The cables emerge from one end of the batten and continue through a snake to dimmers, control boards, or patchbays. All cable plugs have identifying numbers printed on them so that they can be easily referenced by the lighting control system. Loaded electrics are among the heaviest types of battens, often weighing more than a thousand pounds.
Electrics will often employ large loops of spring steel that extend outward to prevent adjacent battens from colliding with and damaging the lighting instruments. Electrics generally have an established trim height (a reference for standard height) so that focusing is consistent. In some theaters, especially where battens are close together, a heat-resistant fabric is attached to the front of the electric to prevent heat from the lighting instruments from damaging nearby flown objects.

### Drapery

A drapery pipe may support front curtains (such as travelers), tormentor legs, borders, or tabs. Stage-width drapes can be very heavy, weighing hundreds of pounds, especially the front curtain. Legs or borders are usually lighter as they may use less fabric and are not usually very thick and sewn without fullness.

### Clouds

Many theaters have built in shells designed to reflect sound produced on stage back into the audience. These shells often include large folding panels which can be flown in.

### Set

Elements of the set which are relatively flat or light can be flown in on battens.

### Storage

Some theatres use spare battens to store unneeded scenery or lighting instruments. This practice is generally discouraged due to the hazard created by overhead storage.
# Alexei Korzukhin

Alexei Ivanovich Korzukhin (Russian: Алексей Иванович Корзухин; 1835–1894) was a Russian genre painter.

## Biography

He was born into a family of gold prospectors near Yekaterinburg. As a young man, he worked in a local railway factory and the mint. He had started painting when he was still a child so, in 1858, he entered the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts where he studied under Pyotr Basin and Fyodor Bruni. In 1861, he was awarded a gold medal and a stipend for travelling expenses.
However, in 1863, he became a member of the "Revolt of the Fourteen", a group of students who favored Realism and were protesting the Academy's insistence on painting in the Classical style. He and the others withdrew from the Academy, accepting the designation of "Artist Second-Class". Shortly thereafter, he joined the Artel of Artists, an artistic commune, and remained with them until they disbanded in 1871. He also became a member of the "Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions" (Peredvizhniki) and taught drawing at the "Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts".
In 1865, his painting "Wake in the Village Cemetery" earned him the rank of "Artist First-Class" and, three years later, he was named an Academician. In addition to his paintings of daily life, he did portraits and religious works. These include icons and depictions of the Four Fathers of the Church at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour; wall paintings at the Ascension Cathedral in Yelets [ru]; and thirteen images for the narthex of Nativity Cathedral, Riga. He also exhibited widely, including the Second Annual International Exhibition in London (1872), the Weltausstellung in Vienna (1873) and the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia (1876).
He was a witness to the extremely bloody assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. This resulted in severe nervous shock and he never fully recovered his health.

## Selected paintings

* Before Confession (1877), Tretyakov Gallery
* Petrushka Goes! (1888), Radishchev Art Museum
* Girl (1877)
* Wake in the Village Cemetery (1865), Russian Museum
* Return from the war (1865), National Art Museum of Azerbaijan
* Girlish BBQ (1889)
* Fed up (1886)
* The Sunday (1884)
* Parting (1872), Tretyakov Gallery
* Portrait of the artist M. I. Peskov (1863), Russian Museum
# Anglican Diocese of Southern Highlands

The Diocese of Southern Highlands is a south-western diocese in the Anglican Church of Tanzania: its current bishop is the Rt Revd Julius Lugendo.
# Azamora bilinealis

Azamora bilinealis is a species of snout moth in the genus Azamora. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956, and is known from Venezuela.
# Mehaffey House

The Mehaffey House is a historic house at 2102 South Louisiana Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and weatherboard siding. It has irregular massing characteristic of the late Victorian period, but has a classical Colonial Revival porch, with Tuscan columns supporting a dentillated and modillioned roof. The main entrance features a revival arched transom. The house was built about 1905 to a design by noted Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Amaranthus dubius

Amaranthus dubius, the red spinach, Chinese spinach, (simplified Chinese: 苋菜; traditional Chinese: 莧菜; pinyin: xiàncài), spleen amaranth, hon-toi-moi, yin choy, hsien tsai, or Arai keerai (அரை கீரை) is a plant species. It belongs to the economically important family Amaranthaceae.
This plant is native to South America, Mexico, and the West Indies, however; it is widely introduced throughout the world. The species occurs locally in France and Germany and is naturalized or invasive in tropical and subtropical regions of the United States (Florida and Hawaii), Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific.

## Description

Usually it grows to a size of 80–120 centimetres (31–47 in). It has both green and red varieties, as well as some with mixed colors. The green variety is practically indistinguishable from Amaranthus viridis.
It flowers from summer to fall in the tropics, but can flower throughout the year in subtropical conditions. It is a ruderal species, usually found in waste places or disturbed habitats.
Amaranthus dubius is considered to be a morphologically deviant allopolyploid. It is very close genetically to Amaranthus spinosus and other Amaranthus species.

## As food

This species is valued as a leafy vegetable throughout South and Southeast Asia and also in Africa. It may be eaten raw in thoran or cooked in curry and bhajis. In Uganda, it is commonly cooked with onions, tomatoes and peanut sauce.
# Hapalioloemus macheralis

Hapalioloemus macheralis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

India.
# Alex Bein

Alex Bein (Hebrew: אלכסנדר ביין) (21 January 1903 – 20 June 1988) was a German-Jewish historian and Zionist historiographer best known for his biography of Theodor Herzl.

## Biography

Bein was born in Steinach an der Saale in Bavaria, southern Germany. He immigrated to Palestine in 1933. He was a resident of Jerusalem.He was director of the Central Zionist Archives and the first State Archivist of Israel. Bein died while on a visit to Stockholm.

## Awards and recognition

Bein was awarded the Israel Prize in 1987 for his contribution to Zionist historiography.

## Published works

* Alex Bein (1980) Die Judenfrage : Biogr. e. Weltproblems (2 volumes) Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt
** Alex Bein, Harry Zohn (translator) (1990) "The Jewish Question: Biography of a World Problem", ISBN 0-8386-3252-1
* Alex Bein (1952) "The Return to the Soil: a History of Jewish Settlement in Israel" (Translated from the Hebrew by Israel Schen)
* Alex Bein (1949) "Israel's Charter of Freedom"
* Aleks Bain (1945) Toldot ha-hityashvut ha-Tsiyonit mi-teḳufat Hertsl ṿe-ʻad yamenu
* Alex Bein (1939) "Der Zionismus und sein Werk"
* Alex Bein (1934) "Theodor Herzl; Biographie. mit 63 Bildern und einer Ahnentafel."
** Alex Bein, Maurice Samuel (translator), (1941) "Theodore [sic] Herzl: A Biography of the Founder of the Modern Zionism"
# Assumed arms

Assumed arms, in heraldry, are arms which have simply been adopted by the armiger rather than granted by an authority.
In England, the founding of the College of Arms was accompanied by a prohibition on the use of assumed arms. In other countries with an heraldic authority, such as Canada, the use of assumed arms is not illegal, however, "is considered improper and such arms have no legitimacy". As of 1998, five of the seven universities in New Zealand were reported to have been using "legitimate" arms, though many Australian universities were using assumed arms.
# Hibbertia carinata

Hibbertia carinata is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with crowded linear leaves and yellow flowers with nine to eleven stamens fused at their bases on one side of the two densely hairy carpels.

## Description

Hibbertia carinata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.4 m (1 ft 4 in), its branchlets covered with tiny star-shaped hairs and ridged below the petioles. The leaves are linear, erect, almost cylindrical, 3.5–8 mm (0.14–0.31 in) long and 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) wide and more or less sessile. The flowers are sessile and arranged singly on the ends of short side shoots, with linear, sharply-pointed, leaf-like bracts 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long. The five sepals are joined at the base, the outer sepals 4.5–6.5 mm (0.18–0.26 in) long, the inner ones broader. The five petals are yellow, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and 4.5–6.5 mm (0.18–0.26 in) long with a deep notch at the tip. There are nine to eleven stamens, fused at the base and all on one side of the two densely hairy carpels that each contain four ovules. Flowering has been recorded in August and September.

## Taxonomy

Hibbertia carinata was first formally described in 2000 by Judith R. Wheeler in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected at Hatter Hill in 1996. The specific epithet (carinata) means "keeled", referring to sepals.

## Distribution and habitat

This hibbertia has a scattered distribution through the southern Wheatbelt and a small parts of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia between Lake Grace in the west and Esperance in the east where it is found growing in well-drained gravelly sandy soils.

## Conservation status

Hibbertia carinata is classified as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
# Alexei Kosourov

Alexei Kosourov (born July 29, 1979) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who currently plays for the Dizel Penza of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
Kosourov made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod during the inaugural 2008–09 KHL season.
# Aaron Manby

Aaron Manby was a landmark vessel in the science of shipbuilding as the first iron steamship to go to sea. She was built by Aaron Manby (1776–1850) at the Horseley Ironworks. She made the voyage to Paris in June 1822 under Captain (later Admiral) Charles Napier, with Aaron's son Charles on board as engineer. Aaron Manby was then used by the Compagnie des bateaux a vapeur en fer to operate its service between Paris and Le Havre.

## Vessel history

Launched in 1821, Aaron Manby was the first steamship to be built of iron. She was the brainchild of the eccentric but far-seeing naval officer Captain (later Admiral) Charles Napier, who had conceived the idea of a fleet of steamships for service on the River Seine. The ship was named after the master of the Horseley Ironworks, Tipton, Staffordshire, where she was pre-fabricated to a design jointly formulated by Captain Napier, Aaron Manby and his son Charles. She was then shipped in pieces to Rotherhithe on the Thames and assembled there. Of 116 tons burthen, the ship was 120 feet (37 m) long. Her flat-bottomed hull was made of 1⁄4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) iron plate fastened to angle-iron ribs. There was one deck, of wood, and a bowsprit. The ship's distinctive profile boasted a single 47-foot-high (14 m) funnel. The engine was of the oscillating type, designed and patented (British Patent No 4558 of 1821) by Aaron Manby. The paddlewheels: were 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter but only 2.5 feet (76 cm) wide, because the vessel's maximum beam was limited to 23 feet (7.0 m) for service on the Seine. Defying the prevailing wisdom of the day, the iron-hulled vessel not only floated but made 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h) and drew one foot (30 cm) less water than any other steamboat then operating.
After trials in May 1822, Aaron Manby crossed the English Channel to Le Havre under Napier's command on 10 June, at an average speed of 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h), carrying passengers and freighted with a cargo of linseed and iron castings. The ship proceeded up the Seine to Paris, where she caused a great stir and where she was based for the next decade. This has been claimed (incorrectly) as the first passage from Britain to France by steam ship. There had been shorter crossings by wooden steamers, but Napier's was the first direct steam crossing from London to Paris and the first seagoing voyage by an iron ship anywhere. After some further channel voyages the ship was used for pleasure trips up and down the Seine. On the failure of Napier's enterprise through bankruptcy in 1827 (after he had financed the building of five similar iron steamships) she was sold to a French consortium ("Compagnie des bateaux a vapeur en fer") who operated her on the River Loire until she was broken up in 1855. The use of iron plates for the hull, in place of wood, was widely copied in shipbuilding during the following decades. Napier had conceived the ship as a first step towards an iron warship, and in this sense Aaron Manby could be considered a direct ancestor of the Royal Navy's first iron frigate, HMS Warrior, built the year of Napier's death.
# Altun

Altun is a Turkish surname meaning gold or golden. Notable people with the surname include:
* Berfin Altun (born 1999), Turkish female weightlifter
* Gamze Altun (born 2003), Turkish female weightlifter
* Hakan Altun (born 1972), Turkish singer
* Meryem Altun (1976—2002), Turkish prisoner, who died on hunger strike
* Selçuk Altun (born 1950), Turkish writer
* Yunus Altun (born 1977), Turkish footballer
# Marriage Protection Amendment

Marriage Protection Amendment may refer to:
* 2008 Arizona Proposition 102 - 2008 Arizona legislatively referred constitutional amendment
* 2008 Florida Amendment 2 - 2008 Florida initiated constitutional amendment
* Federal Marriage Amendment - Purposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States
# Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election

The Green Party of Canada fielded several candidates in the 2000 federal election, none of whom was elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.

## Ontario
### Doug Howat (Eglinton—Lawrence)

Howat was a student at Northern Secondary School at the time of the election. He received 688 votes (1.66%), finishing fifth against Liberal incumbent Joe Volpe.

### Thomas Gerry (Sudbury)

Gerry was 52 years old at the time of the election, and worked as a professor of Canadian Literature at Laurentian University. He favoured a shorter work week, and argued that Canada should shift its tax burden from small independent businesses to large national and multinational corporations. He received 503 votes (1.45%), finishing fifth against Liberal incumbent Diane Marleau.
Gerry is the author of Contemporary Canadian and U.S. women of letters : an annotated bibliography. He attended the Summit of the Americas protest at Quebec City in April 2001.
# Augie Colon

August "Augie" Borero Colón (August 27, 1927 ‒ June 4, 2004) was an American musician known for his work as a percussionist in the exotica genre. He came to national fame as a member of Martin Denny's band in the 1950s and was the voice behind the bird calls and jungle sounds of the hit single "Quiet Village". He also recorded two solo albums, Sophisticated Savage (1959) and Chant of the Jungle (1960). In the early 1960s, Colón left Denny's group and toured with his own band known as The Tropicales.
Colón was born in Honolulu in 1927 and died in that city in 2004.

## Discography
### Solo albums

* Sophisticated Savage, Liberty LRP-3101 (1959)
* Chant of the Jungle, Liberty LRP-3148/LST-7148 (1960)

### Martin Denny albums

* Exotica, Liberty LRP-3034 (mono) (1957)
* Exotica, Liberty LST-7034 (stereo) (1958) - re-recorded for stereo with Julius Wechter replacing Arthur Lyman
* Exotica Vol.2, Liberty LRP-3077/LST-7006 (1958)
* Forbidden Island, Liberty LRP-3081/LST-7001 (1958)
* Primitiva, Liberty LRP-3087/LST-7023 (1958)
* Hypnotique, Liberty LRP-3102/LST-7102 (1959)
* Afro-Desia, Liberty LRP-3111/LST-7111 (1959)
* Exotica Volume III, Liberty LRP-3116/LST-7116 (1959)
* Quiet Village: The Exotic Sounds of Martin Denny, Liberty LRP-3122/LST-7122 (1959)
# Middle Island (South Australia)

Middle Island is an island in the Australian state of South Australia located in Spencer Gulf within Pondalowie Bay on the south-western coast of Yorke Peninsula. It is the largest of three islands within the bay with an approximate area of 28 hectares (69 acres). It first obtained protected area status as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the Crown Lands Act 1929-1966 on 16 March 1967 and is currently located within the boundaries of the Innes National Park. It is also located within a habitat protection zone of the Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park. DEWNR lists the islands as 'no access' areas for the general public.

## Fauna

A biodiversity survey was conducted on Middle Island in November 1982. Species recorded included (but are not limited to): black-faced cormorant, Caspian tern, sooty oystercatcher and the little penguin. Little penguin breeding sites were noted in a 1996 survey of South Australia's offshore islands.
# Assume Crash Position

Assume Crash Position is the second album by the Congolese musical group Konono Nº1, and the fourth volume in the group's Congotronics series, released by Crammed Discs.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | A− |
| Pitchfork | 5.7/10 |
Thom Jurek, in his review of the album for AllMusic, wrote that, for fans of Konono N°1, "Assume Crash Position is a necessary addition to the catalog. For the intrigued, this is an excellent starting point." Chris Martins of The A.V. Club gave the album a grade of "A−", noting that, despite the band's collaborations with such artists as Björk and Herbie Hancock, the album features "guest appearances not from their international cadre of high-profile fans, but from their friends in Kinshasa." Martins concludes that, after "so many 10-minute epics", the more stripped-down production of the final track on the album, "Nakobala Lisusu Te", "[offers] a glimpse into the soul of the band, which thankfully has been resistant to change."
Douglas Wolk of Pitchfork wrote that the album features the group's signature "amazing sound of electric likembes (metal thumb pianos) playing through fuzzed-up amps and jury-rigged mics, augmented by drums, the occasional whistle, and some call-and-response yelling. Reportedly, the band is used to playing for hours on end. They could go on like that forever, which is both Assume Crash Position's strength and its flaw."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Konono Nº1

## Personnel

Adapted from the album's liner notes.
* Mingiedi Mawangu – likembe, vocals, percussion
* Augustin Makuntima Mawangu – likembe, vocals
* Menga Waku – vocals, bass likembe
* Makona Mbuta – likembe
* Antoine Ndombele – bass likembe
* Pauline Mbuka Nsiala – vocals
* Vincent Visi – drums
* Ndofusu Mbiyavanga – percussion, tam tam
* Duki Makumbu – bass guitar
# 1936 Pulitzer Prize

The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1936

## Journalism awards

* Public Service:
** Cedar Rapids Gazette for its campaign against corruption and misgovernment in the State of Iowa.
** Honorable mention to the St. Paul Daily News for its campaign against corruption and misgovernment in St. Paul.
* Reporting:
** Lauren D. Lyman of The New York Times for the exclusive story revealing that the Charles Lindbergh family was leaving the United States to live in England.
* Correspondence:
** Wilfred C. Barber of the Chicago Tribune for his reports of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (posthumous).
** Honorable mentions to:
*** Webb Miller of the United Press for reports on the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
*** Ashman Brown of the Providence Evening Bulletin for his correspondence from Washington.
*** Jay G. Hayden of The Detroit News for a series of political articles written on a tour of the country.
*** James A. Mills of the Associated Press for his story about the leasing of Ethiopian oil fields to Standard Oil.
* Editorial Writing:
** Felix Morley of The Washington Post for distinguished editorial writing during the year.
** George B. Parker of Scripps-Howard Newspapers for distinguished editorial writing during the year.
* Editorial Cartooning:
** No award given.

## Letters and Drama Awards

* Novel:
** Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (Harper).
* Drama:
** Idiot's Delight by Robert E. Sherwood (Scribner).
* History:
** A Constitutional History of the United States by Andrew C. McLaughlin (Appleton).
* Biography or Autobiography:
** The Thought and Character of William James by Ralph Barton Perry (Little).
* Poetry:
** Strange Holiness by Robert Peter Tristram Coffin (Macmillan).
# Assum

Assum is a hamlet in the municipality of Uitgeest in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. The hamlet of Assum was originally an independent village but has now been absorbed by the larger Uitgeest. Assum is located between Uitgeest and Heemskerk. Due to this original independence, this place name can still be found in place name registers and, for example, the telephone directory on the internet.
Assum consists of approximately 70 homes, including a number of agricultural farm homes. Until about 1990, Assum was situated in an agricultural area. Due to the growth of Uitgeest with the Kleis and Waldijk districts, the buildings of Uitgeest are approaching the hamlet of Assum.
The nearby Slot Assumburg is named after the hamlet.

## Etymology

Assum was mentioned in 1397 as Assem. It is probably composed of ask, "ash tree", or the personal name Ascman, and heem, "place of residence".

## Gallery

* Aẞum on a 1645 map of Joan Blaeu
* The nearby Slot Assumburg in Heemskerk
* Toll fence in Assum, c. 1914

## Notable people

* Niels Kokmeijer (born 1977), professional football player
# Mastiff bat

The name mastiff bat is applied to certain species of the bat family Molossidae or so called free-tailed bats. It is usually applied specifically to the following genera:
* Eumops, mastiff bats or bonneted bats
* Mops (bat), greater mastiff bats, a genus of bats in the family Molossidae
* Promops, dome-palate mastiff bats
* Chaerephon (bat), lesser mastiff bats
and sometimes more loosely to the rest of the family.
# Modrej

Modrej (pronounced; in older sources also Modreja) is a settlement on the left bank of the Soča River, just north of Most na Soči, in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

## Name

Modrej was attested in historical sources as Modrea in 1377. The name is believed to be derived from the nickname *Modrějь, formed from the anthroponym *Modrъ, based on the color adjective *modrъ 'blue'. It is unlikely that the name is derived from the adjective *mǫdrъ 'wise'.