OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aydın Subregion

The Aydın Subregion (Turkish: Aydın Alt Bölgesi) (TR32) is a statistical subregion in Turkey.

## Provinces

* Aydın Province (TR321)
* Denizli Province (TR322)
* Muğla Province (TR323)
# Burns Creek, Honiara

Burns Creek is a suburb of Honiara, Solomon Islands located to the east of the main center, south of Lungga Point and west of Henderson. It was formed following the tensions over land when displaced Malaitans founded a squatted informal settlement in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The area became known for high levels of unemployment and crime.
Burns Creek as a suburb is outside of the Honiara City Council, and the creek itself forms the eastern boundary of the city council lands. It is a settlement area with many working-class people; crime rates have dropped substantially since 2010.
# CISD2

CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CISD2 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein binds an iron/sulfur cluster and may be involved in calcium homeostasis. Defects in this gene are a cause of Wolfram syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011].
# 2011 SA Tennis Open

The 2011 SA Tennis Open was a men's tennis tournament to be played on hard courts indoors. It was the 3rd edition of the SA Tennis Open and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place in Johannesburg, South Africa from 30 January through 6 February 2011.

## Finals
### Singles

Kevin Anderson defeated Somdev Devvarman, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
* It was Anderson's first career title.

### Doubles

James Cerretani / Adil Shamasdin defeated Scott Lipsky / Rajeev Ram, 6–3, 3–6, [10–7]

## Entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Feliciano López | 31 | 1 |
| TPE | Lu Yen-hsun | 37 | 2 |
| SRB | Janko Tipsarević | 49 | 3 |
| RSA | Kevin Anderson | 56 | 4 |
| FRA | Florent Serra | 69 | 5 |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 74 | 6 |
| GER | Rainer Schüttler | 83 | 7 |
| POL | Michał Przysiężny | 84 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of 17 January 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Rik de Voest
* Izak van der Merwe
* Fritz Wolmarans
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Stefano Galvani
* Raven Klaasen
* Milos Raonic
* Nikala Scholtz
# BIMU8

BIMU-8 is a drug which acts as a 5-HT$_4$ receptor selective agonist. BIMU-8 was one of the first compounds of this class. The main action of BIMU-8 is to increase the rate of respiration by activating an area of the brain stem known as the pre-Botzinger complex.

## Use

The most obvious practical use of BIMU-8 is to combine it with opioid analgesic drugs in order to counteract the dangerous respiratory depression which can occur when opioids are used in excessive doses. BIMU-8 does not affect the pleasurable or painkilling properties of opiates, which means that if combined with BIMU-8, large therapeutic doses of opiates could theoretically be given to humans without risking a decrease in breathing rate. Studies have shown BIMU-8 to be effective in rats at counteracting the respiratory depression caused by the potent opioid fentanyl, which has caused many accidental deaths in humans. However, no human trials of BIMU-8 have yet been carried out.
Other studies have suggested a role for 5-HT$_4$ agonists in learning and memory, and BIMU-8 was found to increase conditioned responses in mice, so this drug might also be useful for improving memory in humans.
Some other selective 5-HT$_4$ agonists such as mosapride and tegaserod (the only 5-HT$_4$ agonists currently licensed for use in humans) have been found not to reduce respiratory depression. On the other hand, another 5-HT$_4$ agonist, zacopride, does inhibit respiratory depression in a similar manner to BIMU-8.
This suggests that either the anti-respiratory depression action is mediated via a specific subtype of the 5-HT$_4$ receptor which is activated by BIMU-8 and zacopride, but not by mosapride or tegaserod, or alternatively there may be functional selectivity involved whereby BIMU-8 and zacopride produce a different physiological response following 5-HT$_4$ binding compared to other 5-HT$_4$ agonists. Another alternative to this is that the 5-HT$_4$ agonist currently available for use in humans do not have great enough potency or bioavailability in the brain to elicit the same effects.

## Other activity

Along with several other 5-HT$_4$ ligands, BIMU-8 was also found to possess significant affinity for the sigma receptors, acting as a σ$_2$ antagonist. It is unclear as yet what contribution this additional activity makes to the pharmacological profile of BIMU-8 and other 5-HT$_4$ ligands that also show sigma affinity.
# CCDC57

Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 57 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC57 gene.
# Bill Nicholson

Bill Nicholson may refer to:
* Bill Nicholson (cricketer) (1909–2001), Scottish cricketer
* Bill Nicholson (baseball) (1914–1996), American Major League Baseball player
* Bill Nicholson (footballer) (1919–2004), English football player and manager
* Bill Nicholson (Canadian administrator), Canadian farmer and administrator
# Begonia masoniana

Begonia masoniana, the iron cross begonia, is a species of plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to southern China and northern Vietnam. It was originally described from cultivated plants of unknown origin and was only much later rediscovered in the wild.

## Description

It is a rhizomatous perennial begonia growing to 0.5 metres (20 in), bearing large, asymmetrical, textured green leaves covered in reddish hairs, with a prominent dark brown pattern in the centre of each leaf, reminiscent of the German Iron Cross. It produces small white flowers in erect panicles, but is cultivated mainly for its foliage effect. In temperate regions it must be grown under glass, or in a completely frost-free environment. Not to be confused with the similar looking species Begonia variegata, from Vietnam. Although sometimes (incorrectly) considered a Rex begonia, this species is classified in the related section Coelocentrum.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
* leaves closeup with red trichomes
* Plants
* Flowers
# Ayrton Azzopardi

Ayrton Azzopardi (born 12 September 1993) is a Maltese international footballer who plays for Gudja United as a defensive midfielder.

## Career

Born in Pietà, Azzopardi has played club football for Hibernians, Msida Saint-Joseph, Pembroke Athleta, Tarxien Rainbows, Sliema Wanderers, Floriana and San Ġwann.
He made one international appearance for Malta in 2012.
# 2023–24 FIS Cross-Country Continental Cup

The 2023–24 FIS Cross-Country Continental Cup (COC) is a season of the FIS Cross-Country Continental Cup, a series of second-level cross-country skiing competitions arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS).
The 2023–24 Continental Cup contains nine different series of geographically restricted competitions: five in Europe, one in North America, one in South America, Asia and Oceania.
On 1 March 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIS decided to exclude athletes from Russia and Belarus from FIS competitions, with an immediate effect.

## Winners

The overall winners from the 2023–24 season's Continental Cups are rewarded a right to start in the first period in the following 2024–25 World Cup season.
| Cup | Abbr. | Men | Men | Men | Women | Women | Women |
| Cup | Abbr. | Winner | Second | Third | Winner | Second | Third |
| Alpen Cup (or OPA Cup) | OPA | Rémi Bourdin | Mathis Desloges | Sabin Coupat | Marina Kälin | Clémence Didierlaurent | Melissa Gal |
| Balkan Cup | BC | | | | | | |
| Eastern Europe Cup | EEC | Olzhas Klimin | Fedor Karpov | Nikita Gridin | Nadezhda Stepashkina | Kseniya Shalygina | Anna Melnik |
| Far East Cup | FEC | Haruki Yamashita | Takatsugu Uda | Takahiro Suzuki | Chika Kobayashi | Masae Tsuchiya | Shiori Yokohama |
| Slavic Cup | SC | Andrej Renda | Mateusz Haratyk | Michal Skowron | Viktoriia Olekh | Andzelika Szyszka | Magdalena Kobielusz |
| Scandinavian Cup | SCAN | Emil Iversen | Mattis Stenshagen | Håvard Moseby | Silje Theodorsen | Nora Sanness | Sigrid Leseth Føyen |
| South America Cup | SAC | Franco Dal Farra | Mateo Lorenzo Sauma | Yonathan Jesús Fernández García | Nahiara Díaz González | Agustina Groetzner Rocco | María Cecilia Domínguez |
| US Super Tour | UST | | | | | | |
| Australia/New Zealand Cup | ANC | Seve De Campo | Lauro Brändli | Noah Bradford | Katerina Paul | Darcie Morton | Flavia Lindegger |
# Bumiputera

Bumiputera or Bumiputra, is a Malay word used as an ethnonym designating certain indigenous peoples of the Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago. Etymologically, this term derives from the Sanskrit word भूमिपुत्र (IAST:bhū́miputra) - a compound noun literally meaning "son of the soil" or "son of the earth" (भूमि bhūmi = soil/earth; पुत्र putra = son of). As an official designation, the legal definition of the term bumiputera varies across Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia:
* Bumiputera (Brunei)
* Bumiputera (Malaysia)
* Bumiputera (Indonesia)
# CICE

CICE may refer to:
* A previous call sign for TVOntario
* CICE (sea ice model)
# Benjamin Wistar Morris (bishop)

Benjamin Wistar Morris (sometimes II; May 30, 1819 – April 7, 1906) was the second bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Oregon, which at the time incorporated the present-day episcopal dioceses of Olympia, Spokane, and Eastern Oregon.

## Background

A descendant of Anthony Morris, one of the first colonists in Pennsylvania, Morris was born in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, which had been founded by his grandfather and namesake, the first Benjamin Wistar Morris. His father was Samuel Wells Morris, a district court judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Morris graduated from General Theological Seminary in New York City in 1846, was ordained to the diaconate and subsequently to the priesthood on April 27, 1847. From 1847 to 1851 he was rector of St. Matthew's Episcopal Church in Sunbury, Pennsylvania. He subsequently served as rector of St. David's Episcopal Church, Manayunk Borough, Pennsylvania and as assistant and subsequently rector of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Germantown, Pennsylvania. While serving at St. Luke's, Morris organized an effort to supply food, medicine, clothing, and bedding to sick and wounded troops at the Battle of Gettysburg. On December 3, 1868, he was elected as the second missionary Bishop of Oregon, following Thomas Fielding Scott, who had died the previous year.
He received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia University in 1868, and also from the University of Pennsylvania the same year.

## Bishop of Oregon

Morris was consecrated December 3, 1868, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and arrived in Portland, Oregon, on June 2, 1869. To reach Portland, Morris voyaged down the Atlantic coast, crossed the isthmus of Panama on foot, and boarded a ship sailing up the Pacific Coast. He went on to serve one of the longest episcopates in the history of the Episcopal Church. In 1869 he founded St. Helen's Hall Girls' School, now known as the Oregon Episcopal School. In 1875, he founded Good Samaritan Hospital in Portland at a cost of $10,000. Eighteen parishes in the current Diocese of Oregon were founded by Morris during his tenure. By 1880 the missionary diocese of Oregon had grown too large for one bishop, and the missionary dioceses of Olympia in Western Washington and Spokane in Eastern Washington were formed. Morris remained bishop of the missionary diocese of Oregon, which was admitted as a diocese of the Episcopal Church by General Convention in 1889.

## Family life

In 1856, Morris married Hannah Rodney, daughter of the Rev'd. John Rodney, who was then rector of St. Luke's, Germantown, Pennsylvania. Their son, Benjamin W. Morris, became a noted architect, designer of the interiors on the RMS Queen Mary, the 1928 annex to the Morgan Library, and the Bank of New York Building, among others. Bishop Morris died in Portland in 1906 and is buried in Lone Fir Cemetery in Portland.
# CCDC28B

Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 28B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC28B gene.
The product of this gene localizes to centrosomes and basal bodies. It interacts and colocalizes with several proteins associated with Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS).
# Begonia nelumbiifolia

Begonia nelumbiifolia, the lilypad begonia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae.
# Deepak Paramesh

Deepak Paramesh is an Indian actor, who has appeared in Tamil language films.

## Career

Deepak regularly worked on short films and was closely associated with Karthik Subbaraj, eventually featuring in two anthology films released by the director, Bench Talkies - The First Bench (2015) and Aviyal (2016). Deepak's first film as a lead actor, the horror drama Unakkenna Venum Sollu (2015), garnered mixed reviews and went unnoticed at the box office. Away from films, Deepak gained a fan following through his impersonations on Dubsmash, where he produced videos impersonating Kamal Haasan. and Superstar Rajinikanth
In 2018, he appeared in a leading role in Karthik Subbaraj's silent thriller Mercury as one of the four youngsters who become stuck in a remote village. Following the successful collaboration, Karthik Subbaraj signed him on to star in Petta (2019), a big-budget film starring Rajinikanth. He will also next be seen in a thriller film titled Redrum alongside Ashok Selvan. He also signed up for two more films with Director Karthik Subbaraj acting alongside Dhanush in Jagame Thandhiram which released directly on Netflix in 2020 followed by Mahaan starring CHIYAAN Vikram which also had a direct premiere on Amazon Prime in 2021.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | Burma | Charles | |
| 2015 | Bench Talkies - The First Bench | Amit Krishnan | |
| 2015 | Unakkenna Venum Sollu | Karthik | |
| 2016 | Aviyal | Filmmaker | Acted in segment Kalam |
| 2018 | Mercury | | |
| 2019 | Petta | Michael's friend | |
| 2020 | Yen Peyar Anandhan | Anwar | |
| 2021 | Jagame Thandhiram | Dharani | |
| 2022 | Mahaan | Anthony | |
| 2022 | Akash Vaani | Akash's friend | Webseries |
# Awiyaana language

Awiyaana (Auyana) is a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea.
# 2024 Thailand Open 2 – Doubles

Anna Danilina and Irina Khromacheva defeated Eudice Chong and Moyuka Uchijima in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Thailand Open 2.
Miyu Kato and Aldila Sutjiadi were the reigning champions, but Sutjiadi chose not to participate and Kato chose to compete in Seoul instead.

## Seeds

* Anna Danilina / Irina Khromacheva (champions)
* Tímea Babos / Anna Sisková (first round)
* Angelica Moratelli / Sabrina Santamaria (first round)
* Anna Bondár / Mayar Sherif (withdrew)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Danilina I Khromacheva | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | V Golubic L Tararudee | 4 | 5 | | 1 | A Danilina I Khromacheva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Gracheva C Tauson | 3 | 3 | | | J Aney L Papadakis | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Aney L Papadakis | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 1 | A Danilina I Khromacheva | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | A Moratelli S Santamaria | 1 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | A Barnett M Brooks | 2 | 3 | | | | |
| | A Barnett M Brooks | 6 | 4 | [10] | | A Barnett M Brooks | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Fett M Hontama | 6 | 6 | | | J Fett M Hontama | 2$^r$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Christie Y Lizarazo | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | A Danilina I Khromacheva | 6 | 7 |
| | S Feng P Plipuech | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | E Chong M Uchijima | 4 | 5 |
| | E-s Liang Q Tang | 6 | 6 | | | E-s Liang Q Tang | 6 | 5 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | E Chong M Uchijima | 6 | 6 | | | E Chong M Uchijima | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | Y Ma S Zheng | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | E Chong M Uchijima | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| | L Salden K Zimmermann | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | L Salden K Zimmermann | 5 | 4 | | | | |
| WC | T Naklo B Thamchaiwat | 3 | 5 | | | L Salden K Zimmermann | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Podoroska K Volynets | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | N Podoroska K Volynets | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | T Babos A Sisková | 1 | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2024 Kütahya mayoral election

Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of Kütahya as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2024.
Despite being considered a conservative province, the election in the central district of Kütahya resulted in a surprise victory for the secular centre-left Republican People's Party (CHP), which narrowly won against the incumbent nationalist Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).
The results were largely attributed to a split in the right wing vote, with the MHP taking 29.25%, the Justice and Development Party taking 27.70% and the Islamist conservative New Welfare Party (YRP) taking 8.07%. Had these parties entered the election in an alliance, their hypothetical joint candidate could have get about 65% of the vote.
# CICAR

CICAR may refer to:
* Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research
* Cooperative Investigation of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions
* Centre for Indian Christian Archaeological Research
# 1991 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 400 metres hurdles

These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 1991 IAAF World Championships in Tokyo, Japan. There were a total number of 33 participating athletes, with five qualifying heats, two semi-finals and the final held on Thursday August 29, 1991.

## Schedule

* All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
Heats :
* 26.08.1991 – 15:30h |
* Semi-Finals |
* 27.08.1991 – 17:30h |
* Final |
* 29.08.1991 – 19:00h |

## Final

| RANK | FINAL | TIME |
| | Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) | 53.11 CR |
| | Sally Gunnell (GBR) | 53.16 |
| | Janeene Vickers (USA) | 53.47 |
| 4. | Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) | 53.95 |
| 5. | Kim Batten (USA) | 53.98 |
| 6. | Anita Protti (SUI) | 54.25 |
| 7. | Heike Meißner (GER) | 55.26 |
| 8. | Margarita Ponomaryova (URS) | 55.27 |

## Semi-finals

* Held on Tuesday 1991-08-27
| RANK | HEAT 1 | TIME |
| 1. | Anita Protti (SUI) | 54.26 |
| 2. | Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) | 54.44 |
| 3. | Janeene Vickers (USA) | 54.63 |
| 4. | Heike Meißner (GER) | 54.77 |
| 5. | Gowry Retchakan (GBR) | 54.88 |
| 6. | Frida Johansson (SWE) | 55.36 |
| 7. | Anna Chuprina (URS) | 55.81 |
| 8. | Nezha Bidouane (MAR) | 56.62 |
| RANK | HEAT 2 | TIME |
| 1. | Sally Gunnell (GBR) | 54.24 |
| 2. | Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) | 54.36 |
| 3. | Kim Batten (USA) | 54.70 |
| 4. | Margarita Ponomaryova (URS) | 55.22 |
| 5. | Monica Westen (SWE) | 55.51 |
| 6. | Irmgard Trojer (ITA) | 55.66 |
| 7. | Sabine Busch (GER) | 55.93 |
| 8. | Gudrun Abt (GER) | 56.17 |

## Qualifying heats

* Held on Monday 1991-08-26
| RANK | HEAT 1 | TIME |
| 1. | Janeene Vickers (USA) | 54.85 |
| 2. | Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) | 54.94 |
| 3. | Gowry Retchakan (GBR) | 54.95 |
| 4. | Frida Johansson (SWE) | 55.60 |
| 5. | Ann Maenhout (BEL) | 58.39 |
| 6. | Marie Womplou (CIV) | 58.80 |
| 7. | Elma Muros-Posadas (PHI) | 59.90 |
| RANK | HEAT 2 | TIME |
| 1. | Anita Protti (SUI) | 54.53 |
| 2. | Margarita Ponomaryova (URS) | 55.87 |
| 3. | Gudrun Abt (GER) | 56.16 |
| 4. | Lency Montelier (CUB) | 57.72 |
| 5. | Yanhong Huang (CHN) | 58.05 |
| 6. | Omotayo Akinremi (NGR) | 58.25 |
| RANK | HEAT 3 | TIME |
| 1. | Sally Gunnell (GBR) | 54.70 |
| 2. | Anna Chuprina (URS) | 56.15 |
| 3. | Sabine Busch (GER) | 56.37 |
| 4. | Donalda Duprey (CAN) | 56.38 |
| 5. | Lyn Massey (NZL) | 57.55 |
| 6. | Junko Hasegawa (JPN) | 59.71 |
| 7. | Gretha Tromp (NED) | 1:00.45 |
| RANK | HEAT 4 | TIME |
| 1. | Irmgard Trojer (ITA) | 55.77 |
| 2. | Kim Batten (USA) | 55.77 |
| 3. | Monica Westen (SWE) | 55.79 |
| 4. | Deon Hemmings (JAM) | 57.13 |
| 5. | Nicoleta Carutasu (ROM) | 57.26 |
| 6. | Liliana Chalá (ECU) | 1:01.49 |
| 7. | Mirenda Francourt (SEY) | 1:05.92 |
| RANK | HEAT 5 | TIME |
| 1. | Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) | 55.81 |
| 2. | Heike Meißner (GER) | 56.00 |
| 3. | Nezha Bidouane (MAR) | 56.35 |
| 4. | Rosey Edeh (CAN) | 57.32 |
| 5. | Jacqui Parker (GBR) | 57.81 |
| 6. | Reawadee Srithoa (THA) | 58.74 |
| 7. | Mari Bjone (NOR) | 59.00 |
# C12–C13 alcohol glycidyl ether

C12-C13 alcohol glycidyl ether is a mixture of organic chemicals in the glycidyl ether family. It is a mixture of mainly 12 and 13 carbon chain alcohols, also called fatty alcohols that have been glycidated. It is an industrial chemical used as a surfactant but primarily for epoxy resin viscosity reduction. It has the CAS number 120547-52-6.

## Manufacture

A fatty alcohol mixture rich in C12-C13 alcohols is placed in a reactor with a Lewis acid catalyst. Epichlorohydrin is then added slowly to control the exotherm. The reaction results in the formation of the halohydrins. This is followed by a caustic dehydrochlorination, to form C12-C13 alcohol glycidyl ether. The waste products are water and sodium chloride and excess caustic soda. One of the quality control tests would involve measuring the Epoxy value by determination of the epoxy equivalent weight.

## Synonyms

The material has a number of synonyms.
* Oxirane, mono (C12-13-alkyloxy) methyl derivatives
* Alkyl(C12-C13) glycidyl ether
* Alkyl glycidyl ether
* Oxirane, Mono (C12-C13 alkoxymethyl) methyl derivatives
* (C12-C13)alkylglycidyl ether
* Oxirane, 2-[(C12-13-alkyloxy)methyl] derivatives

## Uses

As an epoxy modifier it is classed as an epoxy reactive diluent. It is one of a family of glycidyl ethers available used for viscosity reduction of epoxy resins. These are then further formulated into coatings, sealants, adhesives, and elastomers. Resins with this diluent tend to show improved workability. It is also used to synthesize other molecules. The use of the diluent does effect mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins.

## Toxicology

The toxicology is fairly well known, and it is classed as a skin irritant.
# Begonia neoharlingii

Begonia neoharlingii is a species of plant in the family Begoniaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# 2018 Almaty Challenger 2

The 2018 Almaty Challenger 2 was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan between 1 and 6 October 2018.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| UZB | Denis Istomin | 64 | 1 |
| FRA | Pierre-Hugues Herbert | 67 | 2 |
| BIH | Mirza Bašić | 79 | 3 |
| FRA | Quentin Halys | 146 | 4 |
| CAN | Félix Auger-Aliassime | 147 | 5 |
| ESP | Enrique López Pérez | 163 | 6 |
| SRB | Miomir Kecmanović | 168 | 7 |
| CZE | Lukáš Rosol | 177 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 24 September 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as wildcards:
* Sagadat Ayap
* Dostanbek Tashbulatov
* Denis Yevseyev
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Antoine Escoffier
* Teymuraz Gabashvili
* Illya Marchenko
* Khumoyun Sultanov
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Artem Dubrivnyy
* Rubin Statham

## Champions
### Singles

* Denis Istomin def. Nikola Milojević 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–2.

### Doubles

* Zdeněk Kolář / Lukáš Rosol def. Evgeny Karlovskiy / Timur Khabibulin 6–3, 6–1.