OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivano Bertini

Ivano Bertini (December 6, 1940 – July 7, 2012) was an Italian chemist recognized for his significant contributions in the field of bioinorganic chemistry, particularly in NMR spectroscopy of metalloproteins.

## Early life and education

Bertini was born in Pisa, Italy, in 1940. He completed his graduation in 1964 at the University of Florence in inorganic chemistry, under the guidance of Luigi Sacconi. After graduation, he became Sacconi's assistant and started his research in inorganic physical chemistry and isomerism in coordination compounds. He had his first trips abroad to the Zurich Polytechnic in 1965 and Princeton University, where he began his studies of bioinorganic chemistry using NMR.

## Career

In 1975, Bertini became a full professor of chemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Florence, and in 1981, at the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences. He founded the European Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), based at the Scientific Campus of Sesto Fiorentino, in 1999.
His research on the structure of metalloproteins resulted in a significant number of publications, earning him international recognition. He received honorary degrees in chemistry from the Universities of Stockholm (1998) and Ioannina (2002), and in biology from the University of Siena (2003). In addition to other international awards, he was a member of the Academia Europaea and the National Lincei Academy.
He also served on the editorial or advisory boards of over 20 journals spanning chemistry, biochemistry, and inorganic chemistry.
His later studies made it possible to identify through NMR spectrometry a fingerprint corresponding to the metabolome in the blood and urine specific to each human being, a discovery that could have significant implications in medicine.

## Death and legacy

Bertini passed away in 2012 in Florence.
He authored over 650 research papers and published over 150 protein structures.

## Works

* Bertini, Ivano; Gray, Harry B.; Lippard, Stephen J.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone (1994). Bioinorganic Chemistry. Mill Valley: University Science Books. ISBN 0935702571.
* Bertini, Ivano; Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut (2001). Handbook on Metalloproteins. CRC Press. ISBN 9780824705206.
* Bertini, Ivano; Luchinat, Claudio; Parigi, Giacomo (2001). Solution NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules: applications to metallobiomolecules and models. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 0444205292.
* Bertini, Ivano; Gray, Harry B.; Stiefel, Edward I.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone (2007). Biological Inorganic Chemistry: Structure & Reactivity. Sausalito: University Science Books. ISBN 978-1891389436.
# Apache ORC

Apache ORC (Optimized Row Columnar) is a free and open-source column-oriented data storage format. It is similar to the other columnar-storage file formats available in the Hadoop ecosystem such as RCFile and Parquet. It is used by most of the data processing frameworks Apache Spark, Apache Hive, Apache Flink, and Apache Hadoop.
In February 2013, the Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) file format was announced by Hortonworks in collaboration with Facebook. A month later, the Apache Parquet format was announced, developed by Cloudera and Twitter.
Apache ORC format is supported by Amazon's AWS Glue.

## History

| Version | Original release date | Latest version | Release date |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 | 2016-01-25 | 1.0.0 | 2016-01-25 |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1 | 2016-06-10 | 1.1.2 | 2016-07-08 |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2 | 2016-08-25 | 1.2.3 | 2016-12-12 |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3 | 2017-01-23 | 1.3.4 | 2017-10-16 |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.4 | 2017-05-08 | 1.4.5 | 2019-12-09 |
| Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5 | 2018-05-14 | 1.5.13 | 2021-09-15 |
| Old version, yet still maintained: 1.6 | 2019-09-03 | 1.6.14 | 2022-04-14 |
| Old version, yet still maintained: 1.7 | 2021-09-15 | 1.7.8 | 2023-01-21 |
| Current stable version: 1.8 | 2022-09-03 | 1.8.2 | 2023-01-13 |
| Legend:Old version, not maintainedOld version, still maintainedLatest versionLatest preview versionFuture release ||||
# In Terms of Love

"In Terms of Love" is a song by American country music group SHeDAISY. The song was written by member Kristyn Osborn and Don Schlitz, and was produced by John Shanks. The song was released as the second and final single from the group's fifth and final studio album Fortuneteller's Melody (2006).
The track peaked at number 32 on the US Hot Country Songs chart.

## Music video

The music video for "In Terms of Love" was directed by Andrew MacNaughtan. The video is shot in black and white and features the members of SHeDAISY against a black or curtain background while a male model is featured in a home. This video notably does not include member Kelsi Osborn due to her at the time giving birth; the group's youngest sister, Karli Osborn, is featured in replacement for Kelsi.

## Commercial performance

"In Terms of Love" debuted on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart the week of June 3, 2006 at number 47, becoming the highest debut of the week. The track reached number 32 on August 19, 2006; spending 17 weeks in total.

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 32 |
# Islamist plots to attack the Vatican

Islamist plots to attack the Vatican refers to two alleged terrorist plans to attack the Vatican, neither of which were carried out.

## Alleged 2010 plan

The 2010 plan was allegedly to attack the Vatican with a bomb. It was uncovered after the arrest of 9 individuals on 24 April 2015 by Italian DIGOS detectives on charges of plotting to bomb the Vatican. There was evidence that the 9 October 2009 Peshawar bombing in Pakistan was substantially planned and financed from Olbia, Sardinia, and that some Italy-based militants took part in it.

## Alleged ISIS plan

The 2016 attack plot was allegedly planned by a Moroccan national, Abderrahim Moutahrrick, on orders from ISIS to attack the Vatican and the Israeli Embassy in Rome during the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy year announced by Pope Francis to extend from December 2015 to November 2016. The instruction arrived via WhatsApp sent from within ISIS-held territory; it read: "Dear brother Abderrahim, I send you... the bomb poem... listen to the sheik and strike," referencing ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
# Magni Gyro

45°41′32″N 8°46′18″E﻿ / ﻿45.6922321°N 8.7715992°E﻿ / 45.6922321; 8.7715992
Magni Gyro, srl is an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Besnate and founded by Vittorio Magni in 1986. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of autogyros in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft.
The company is a Società a Responsabilità Limitata, an Italian limited liability company.

## History

Vittorio Magni was born in 1938 and started work in the rotorcraft industry in 1956 at Agusta. In 1967 he purchased plans for the Igor Bensen-designed B-8 autogyro and it became the first one flying in Italy. In 1968 he went to work for Silvercraft, building the Silvercraft SH-4 helicopter as the flight line supervisor and test pilot. In 1986 he started VPM SNC, to build composites and other parts as a subcontractor for helicopter manufacturers such as Agusta and Aerea SpA. The new company also built racing cars for the Spanish Constructora Nacional de Maquinaria Eléctrica S. A. (Cenemesa) concern. In 1996 the company's name was changed to Magni Gyro and the focus expanded to include the development of Magni's own autogyro designs.
Designs developed include the two-seat open cockpit M-14 Scout, the two-seat M-16 Tandem Trainer, the small single-seat open cockpit M-18 Spartan and the two side-by-side enclosed cabin M-24 Orion

## Aircraft

Summary of aircraft built by Magni Gyro:
* Magni M-5
* Magni M-7
* Magni M-14 Scout
* Magni M-16 Tandem Trainer
* Magni M-18 Spartan
* Magni M-19 Shark
* Magni M-20 Talon
* Magni M-21
* Magni M-22 Voyager
* Magni XM-23 Orion
* Magni M-24 Orion
* Magni M-26 Enclosed Tandem
# Ana Cardoso (actor)

Ana Cardoso was a 19th-century Portuguese actress.

## Early life

Little is known about the early life of Ana Cardoso, other than that she was born in the town of Lamego in the Viseu District of Portugal in around 1830. No records of birth or marriage have been found and the death certificate provides no information.

## Career

Arriving in Lisbon, Cardoso became a disciple of Émile Doux. He was French and had arrived in Portugal at the end of the Portuguese Civil War in 1835 with a French theatre company and stayed after the company returned to France, taking charge of a new Portuguese theatre company. She debuted at the Teatro D. Fernando in 1850, in the comic opera A Batalha de Montereau (The Battle of Montereau). She then moved to the Teatro do Ginásio, where she spent more than twenty years, performing dramas, comedies and farces. Over time she overcame the disadvantage she suffered at the beginning of her career. While actresses were generally expected to be beautiful, Cardoso was not. However, the power of her performances eventually won over the audiences. One of her best-known performances was Fidalguinho (which on 22 December 1870 was her benefit show at the Ginásio). She went on to perform this play at the Crystal Palace theatre in Porto and at Teatro São Pedro in Rio de Janeiro. While mainly working at the Ginásio she also performed at the Teatro da Rua dos Condes in Lisbon at the end of 1854 and in early 1855.
Cardoso stayed four years working in Brazil, and then returned to Portugal to join the D. Maria II National Theatre. There she performed with other great female names of the Portuguese theatre of the time, such as Delphina, Emília Adelaide, Emília Cândida, Emília das Neves, and Emília Letroublon. Her last play was called Oração dos naufragos (Prayer of the Shipwrecks), which was performed in 1877. She died on 12 October 1878. She was buried in the Deposit held by the Dramatic Artists Society in Lisbon's Prazeres Cemetery.
# Faxe

Faxe or Fakse is a town on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. It is located in Faxe Municipality in Region Zealand. The town is most known for the Faxe Brewery, Royal Unibrew, a relatively large brewery producing a range of beer and soft drinks, soda, energy drinks, Faxe Kondi and many more and so on. On the edge of town lies a big limestone quarry (1 km$^2$), Faxe Quarry owned by Faxe Kalk. A Haribo Licorice (“Haribo Lakrids A/S”) factory was also founded in Faxe in 1935.

## History

The name Faxe is Old Norse and means "horse mane", probably a reference to its location on a long hill. The town is mentioned in 1280. The first church was built in 1440.
For many years the letter x was considered unnatural in Danish and the Fakse spelling was enforced instead of the Old Norse Faxe. When hyphenated, the x still splits into ks (Fak-se).
A narrow gauge railway line between the Faxe Quarry and the harbor in Faxe Ladeplads opened in 1865. In 1879, the Østbanen railway line from Køge to Faxe opened. The two railway lines were connected in 1880. The quarry's narrow gauge railway was shut down many years ago, but one of the trains from the narrow gauge railway line is located in Faxe mini by as the only and the last train from the narrow gauge railway line.

## Landmarks

Faxe Church is from the late 15th century. The half-timbered Rasmus Svendsens Skole from 1633 is Denmark's oldest still existing village school. The Jomfruens Egede estate traces its history to 1346.

## Notable people

* Rollo (c. 846 in Faxe - c. 930) a viking and the first ruler of Normandy.
* Joachim Neergaard (1877 in Stubberup – 1920) a Danish composer.
* Gunnar Andreasen (1914 in Faxe – 1996) a Danish boxer, competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics
* Ib Nielsen (born 1926 in Faxe) a Danish rower, competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics
* Knud Nielsen (born 1936 in Faxe) a Danish rower, competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
* Jens Berendt Jensen (born 1940 in Faxe) a Danish rower, competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
* Sven Lysholt Hansen (born 1945 in Faxe) a Danish rower, competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics
* Niels Olsen (born 1948 in Faxe) a Danish rower, competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics
* Jesper Olsen (born 1961 in Faxe) a Danish former footballer with 402 club caps and 43 for Denmark
* Michael Maze (born 1981 in Faxe) a former professional table tennis player

## Gallery

* Faxe Kalkbrud lime quarry
# Les Horaces

Les Horaces (The Horatii) is an operatic tragédie lyrique by Antonio Salieri. The text was by Nicolas-François Guillard after Pierre Corneille's Horace.
The opera was commissioned by the Paris Opera after the success of Salieri's Les Danaïdes with the company.

## Performance history

According to different sources, Les Horaces was first performed either at Fontainebleau on 2 November 1786, or at Versailles on 2 December 1786. According to Spire Pitou, however, both dates seem to be errors and "the correct date of the world première of Salieri's Les Horaces is 7 December 1786 at the Royal Academy of Music ...". Whatever the case, it was not well received. The failure of the opera to some extent has been blamed on the lackluster performances of the original performers.

## Roles

| Cast | Voice type | Premiere, 2 December 1786 (Conductor: - ) |
| Old Horace | bass-baritone | Auguste-Athanase (Augustin) Chéron |
| Young Horace | tenor/baritone | François Lays |
| Curiace | tenor | Étienne Lainez |
| Camille | soprano | Antoinette Cécile de Saint-Huberty |
| A woman of Camille's retinue | soprano | Adélaïde Gavaudan "cadette" |
| The High Priest | bass-baritone | Martin-Joseph Adrien |
| Valère | baritone | Claude-Armand Chardin (stage name, "Chardini") |
| A Roman | bass-baritone | M. Moreau |
| An Alban | bass-baritone | M. Châteaufort |
| An oracle | bass-baritone | M. Moreau |
# Giovanni Francesco Setario

Giovanni Francesco Setario (died 1516) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (1510–1516).

## Biography

On 11 January 1510, Giovanni Francesco Setario was appointed during the papacy of Pope Leo X as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento. He served as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento until his death in 1516.
# Erling Sandberg

Erling Sandberg (3 August 1879 – 30 June 1956) was a Norwegian banker and politician.
He was born in New York City. He was an office manager in the Bank of Norway from 1918 to 1919 and deputy chairman from 1919 to 1920. He became chief executive officer of the bank Christiania Bank og Kredittkasse in 1920, and from 1930 he chaired the Norwegian Bankers' Association. He was also known for raising his godson Harald Damsleth, a later Nazi artist.
Sandberg still held his offices in 1940, when the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany started. On 25 September 1940, when Josef Terboven assumed full power in the country, Sandberg was named as Minister of Finance. The Norwegian Fascist party Nasjonal Samling had some influence in naming the cabinet ministers, but Sandberg was one of the non-political cabinet members (together with Sigurd Johannessen and Øystein Ravner) as demanded by Reichskommissariat Norwegen. Sandberg was persuaded to join the cabinet, and later supported in daily affairs, by Reichskommissariat since he wanted to limit the cabinet's financial spendings, especially that of the Ministry of the Interior. At the same time Sandberg was not a member of Nasjonal Samling, and was not chosen when Quisling formed his cabinet on 1 February 1942. Instead he became a high-ranking servant in the Ministry of Finance and Customs. He left on a sick leave on 11 March 1943, and lost the position on 15 September.
In 1945, when the Nazis lost the war, Sandberg formally ceased to be bank director and banking association chairman. In reality he had not been active in the latter position since 1940. He was arrested after the war's end, as the victors wanted a legal purge of those involved with the Nazi rule. According to Kjell Fjørtoft he was abused during the summer, by being ordered to carry heavy corpses from a room at Rikshospitalet and put them in coffins. In the actual trial, he was in the court of appeal sentenced to one year of prison for collaboration ("having supported the enemy"), but he was ultimately acquitted in the Supreme Court of Norway.
# Islamist radicalization in European prisons

Radicalization is the persuasion into and recruitment of young people to Islamism and violent jihad. Young men serving time in European prisons are especially vulnerable to radicalization.

## Prison social order

Famous terrorists such as Salah Abdeslam are at the top of the "social pecking order" in prisons in western Europe. Lesser known Islamists use their prison terms as opportunities for recruiting young men, particularly young Muslims, to commit to Islamism and the violent jihad of terror attacks. The Islamist recruiters offer young petty criminals a "sense of purpose."

## By country
### Belgium

Islamists recruited young prisoners by talking to them through cell windows and in exercise yards about the unjust treatment of immigrants in Europe and the Muslims killed in the Western invasion of Iraq.

### France

A French government audit of the prison system described radical Islamists as constituting a sort of prison "aristocracy," governing fellow inmates by forbidding them to listen to music, shower, or watch a women's sports event on television. They possess cell phones and are in regular contact with fellow Islamists both in Europe and in the Middle East.
50% to 60% of the ~67,000 convicted criminals serving time in French prisons are Muslim (Muslims make up 7.5% of the population of France.)
The terrorist who shot up a museum in Brussels was radicalized in a French prison, as was mass murderer Amedy Coulibaly. Coulibaly planned his crime with Chérif Kouachi, whom he met while imprisoned in Fleury-Mérogis Prison.
# Alcohol exclusion laws

Alcohol exclusion laws permit insurance companies to deny claims associated with the consumption of alcohol. They were passed in the 1940s in the United States to discourage people from drinking alcoholic beverages and to save insurance companies money from alcohol-related claims. It was believed that people would be less likely to drive while impaired or intoxicated if insurance companies could deny medical payments or other claims associated with any injuries associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Thirty-six states currently allow alcohol exclusions in health care insurance policies via either explicit exclusions or implicit exclusions determines by legal precedence. A growing number of states are overturning their alcohol exclusion laws, currently 14 states plus the District of Columbia prohibit insurance companies from including exclusions for alcohol intoxication.
There is to date no scientific evidence that alcohol exclusion laws discourage drunk driving. In fact, some argue that these laws discourage physicians and hospitals from testing crash victims for possible alcohol in their blood (BAC). That’s because insurance companies can refuse to pay doctors and hospitals for treating patients found to have alcohol in their bodies. In short, screening for alcohol could lead to the loss of payments from insurance companies. Because of this, there is concern that alcohol exclusion laws help drunken drivers avoid detection and increase the likelihood that they will repeat their crime in the future. Nine states now prohibit alcohol exclusions and several more are currently considering such action.
The insurance industry supports alcohol exclusion laws. On the other hand, the professional organization which regulates that industry, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, has voted unanimously to recommend the repeal of alcohol exclusionary laws. Other groups supporting their repeal include the National Conference of Insurance Legislators, the American Bar Association, the American College of Emergency Physicians, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, the National Commission Against Drunk Driving, and the American Medical Association.
# Alfonso L. Herrera

Alfonso Luis Herrera (1868–1942) was a Mexican biologist, author, educator and founder of several institutions in Mexico City. He conducted research into the origin of life in an attempt to develop a new, experimental science which he called plasmogeny.

## Biography

Herrera was born in Mexico City, the son of a well-known naturalist. He studied pharmacy at the National School of Medicine, graduating in 1889 by which time he had already published several papers in Zoology and Ornithology. He became a teacher at the National Preparatory School (Escuela Nacional Preparatoria), the Military School and the "Normal School for Teachers" (Escuela Normal para Maestros) in Mexico. He also helped to found the Botanical Garden of Chapultepec Park (1922), Mexico City Zoo (1923 – now called Chapultepec Zoo), and the Biological Institute of the University of Mexico.
Herrera died in Mexico City in 1943.

## Ideas

He developed an experimental science called plasmogeny, concerned with the origin of protoplasm, the living material of which all animals and plants are made. He reasoned that since life was the result of purely physico-chemical phenomena, it should be possible to create a structure with similar properties to natural protoplasm out of relatively simple organic and inorganic compounds in the laboratory. To this end he conducted experiments to create artificial cells ("protocells") using substances such as olive oil, sodium hydroxide, gasoline, and thiocyanate.

## Books

He published his ideas in books such as Recueil des lois de la biologie générale ("Collection of the General Laws of Biology", in French) in 1897 and Nociones de biología in 1904 which was reprinted in 1924 as Biología y plasmogenia ("Biology and Plasmogeny"). His ideas on plasmogeny were further elaborated in Una nueva ciencia – la plasmogenia ("A New Science – Plasmogeny", 1924) and a shorter version followed in 1932, La plasmogenia – nueva ciencia del origen de la vida ("Plasmogeny – The New Science of the Origin of Life"). His experiments were published in two scientific journals which he founded: Gaceta de Plasmogenia (in Spanish) and Bulletin du Laboratoire de Plasmogenie (in French). He also wrote a number of other scientific texts.
Several of his books have now appeared in English translation.

## Eponyms

Three reptiles are named in his honor: Kinosternon herrerai (Herrera's mud turtle), Barisia herrerae (Herrera's alligator lizard), and Lampropeltis zonata herrerae (Todos Santos Island kingsnake).
# Ammunira

Ammunira was a king of Beirut in the mid-fourteenth century BCE. He is mentioned in several of the Amarna letters, and authored letters EA 141-43 (EA for 'el Amarna').