OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Infantry Combat Badge

The Infantry Combat Badge (ICB) is awarded to serving members of the Australian Army for service as an Infantryman in warlike operations.
Its equivalent for members operating with an Arms Corps Unit within a warlike area of operations is the Army Combat Badge.

## History

The ICB was first established in July 1970 for recognition of infantry service in battle or on operations, following the decision of the Military Board in January 1970. The role of the infantry is to seek out and close with the enemy, to kill or capture him, to seize and to hold ground, to repel attack, by night and day, regardless of season, weather or terrain. The purpose of the ICB is to recognize this unique role and the particular training, skills and hardships attendant upon service as an infantryman. In exceptional circumstances, the ICB may be awarded to members of other corps, where they have qualified for it as infantrymen.
In January 1970, Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Daly KBE, DSO, as the Chief of the General Staff and part of the Military Board, laid the original basis for the ICB. He is recorded in the minutes as saying, "whilst he appreciated the views expressed (in the Military Board), it was to be borne in mind that the proposed badge was meant to be a visible distinction for the infantryman and was not a general combat badge. He said the other corps had their responsibilities and neither their worth nor performance, were in question. However he could not accept that an infantry award should be granted to members of other corps unless they qualified for it as infantrymen."
The Army Combat Badge (ACB) was instituted in 2005 to recognise the unique service of a member operating with an Arms Corps Unit within a warlike area of operations.

## Specific eligibility

Any member of the Australian Army who:
* was on continuous full-time service as an infantryman at the time of deployment;
* has given satisfactory service as an infantryman;
* has served either a continuous or an aggregate of 90 days satisfactory service on warlike operations for a single deployment or operation; and
* has not been previously issued the ICB.
Under exceptional circumstances, the Approval Authority may approve the issue of the ICB to members on exchange/attachment duties for service with allied units who meet the criteria, and/or to members who would have met the criteria had they not been killed, wounded, disabled or evacuated.
# La Villuerca

La Villuerca, also known as Risco de la Villuerca, Pico la Villuerca and Pico de las Villuercas, is the highest peak of the Sierra de Villuercas mountain range in Spain, also known as Sierra de Guadalupe.
It is located 6 km west of Guadalupe town in Las Villuercas comarca, Cáceres Province, Extremadura, Spain and is the highest point of the greater Montes de Toledo system.

## Description

La Villuerca has an elevation of 1,603 metres above sea level and is a conspicuous mountain that can be seen from quite a distance in the surrounding landscape. This peak has an ancient name that has been documented since 1353 and it gives its name to Las Villuercas comarca.
There is a narrow paved road leading to the mountaintop, where there are abandoned military installations of the former Base Centro Táctico, CT2, Guadalupe-Villuercas with tall antennas and a heliport. The peak is often covered with snow in the winter.
# La Villette, Calvados

La Villette (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Geography

The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Fresnée, Claude Fougère, La Villette, Les Forges, Les Poiriers and La Porte.
The Commune along with another nine communes shares part of a 5,729 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Bassin de la Druance.
Two streams flow through the communes borders La Porte and The Val Fournet.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Saint-Lambert
Condé-en-Normandie
La Villette
Clécy
Condé-en-Normandie :

## Population

* La Villette Church
* Old Postcard showing Chateau de La Chalerie in La Villette
# Inerter

Inerter may refer to:
* Inerting system, a device to increase the safety of a closed tank that contains highly flammable material
* Inerter, an element of mechanical network theory, known as a J-damper when implemented as a real device in the suspensions of Formula 1 racing cars
# Essey-la-Côte

Essey-la-Côte (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Essgee

Essgee may be:
* Essgee Entertainment an Australian theatrical production company
* A tradename used by Siebe Gorman (a British engineering company that developed diving gear)
* Ess Gee, a song by Underworld from their album A Hundred Days Off
# Lady Jean Cochrane

Lady Jean Alice Elaine Cochrane (later Hervey, then Macdonald; 27 November 1887 – 5 January 1955) was a British aristocrat. She was the daughter of Winifred, Countess of Dundonald and Douglas Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald.

## Work and duties

Cochrane was a famous figure in her time. In her youth, she modelled for prominent publications and appeared in The Bystander, Tatler, Country Life, and The Sketch.
During the First World War, In 1916, she became a nurse who treated war casualties at the Red cross hospital at Portman Square, London.
In 1917, she was within Diplomatic services and was serving within the Foreign office at Whitehall, London.
She helped support the Society for Waifs and Strays by opening several fundraisers for the cause. a society which directly improves the lives of children and young people for whom it provides services and to create a positive shift in social attitudes to improve the situation facing all children and young people.
On 14 July 1937 she launched the Royal Navy warship HMS Enchantress.

## Personal life

Lady Jean was the fourth child to Winifred and Douglas Cochrane, who spent most of her youth at Gwrych Castle.
She was a keen sportswoman who was particularly fond of golf.
On 19 October 1914 she married Lord Herbert Hervey with whom, produced a son; Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol, his godmother was the Spanish Queen Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg.
In 1932, after lady Jean discovered that her husband was having an affair at their Portman Square apartment, she filed for divorce on grounds of adultery and in July of that same year, the divorce was granted without Herbert contesting. The Portsmouth Evening News's divorce section, stated "Lady Jean complained of her husband's association with other women shortly after they were married, and differences arose".
In December 1933, Cochrane remarried at a London register office to a Captain Peter Macdonald. Macdonald, later knighted, was a Conservative politician for the Isle of Wight which Jean helped him in his work.
Late on a Monday night, which was the 3rd of January, 1955 Jean suffered a heart-attack whilst being treated at Kilmarnock Infirmary for bronchitis, a telegram was sent to her husband to London informing him of her condition, as soon as he learned about her, he travelled to Scotland to see her, however, there was a storm that prevented him from reaching her in time. She died at the age of 67.
Her funeral was held at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge on 10 January and was later cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.
# Esa Tapani

Esa Tapani (born 1968) is a Finnish horn player. A member of the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, he served as the soloist at its recording of Magnus Lindberg's Campana in aria.
# Ernst Magne Johansen

Ernst Magne Johansen (2nd April 1926 – 28 August 2009) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker.
He was born in Nøtterøy and was educated at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1945 to 1949 and the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1949 to 1952. He was a faculty member at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1963 to 1992.
He exhibited at the Autumn Exhibition in Oslo 19 times, and abroad in Sweden, Italy, Iceland, Finland, France, Denmark, the US, England, Germany and Poland. His works are owned by the National Gallery of Norway, Victoria and Albert Museum, National Gallery of Denmark, Riksgalleriet and the Arts Council Norway among others. Among his public decorations are Vinderen School (1950), Kalnes Agricultural School (1959) and Oslo Arbeidersamfunn (1966).
# Ernst Majonica

Ernst Majonica (29 October 1920 – 21 July 1997) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

Majonica joined the CDU and the Junge Union (JU) in 1946. From 1950 to 1955, he was the national chairman of the JU. Majonica was a member of the German Bundestag from 19 November 1950, succeeding Heinrich Lübke, until 1972. He represented the constituency of Arnsberg - Soest in parliament as a member of parliament who was always directly elected. Between 1979 and 1984, he was a member of the first directly elected European Parliament. Majonica was an outspoken supporter of the german NATOmembership.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Ethel A. Grosscup

Ethel Amanda Grosscup (July 1891 – May 29, 1949) was an American physical educator and child health consultant, based in New Jersey.

## Early life and education

Grosscup was raised in Wenonah, New Jersey, the daughter of Edward Everett Grosscup and Anna Josephine Swaney Grosscup. She graduated from Goucher College in 1914 and trained further as a physical educator at the New Haven Normal School of Gymnastics. She earned a master's degree at New York University in 1931, with a thesis titled "Juvenile delinquency fluctuations in areas with and without playgrounds."
While in college, Grosscup was president of the Goucher Athletic Association, and a member of the basketball team. She also competed in swimming, diving, gymnastics, baseball, and hockey events, and was active in dramatics, student government, and music programs. She was part of Goucher's delegation to a YWCA convention on Lake George in 1911.

## Career

In 1915, Grosscup was appointed chair of the English department and director of athletics at the International Institute for Girls in Spain, a Protestant school run by American missionary Alice Gordon Gulick. She was director of physical education at Hollins College in Virginia from 1916 to 1920. During World War I, she volunteered to train hundreds of young women for work with the Red Cross, and to create a "coast patrol guard" of young women, from a base camp on land she owned in New Jersey.
Grosscup became head of the physical training department at Montclair State Normal School in New Jersey in 1920. In 1922, she staged an original outdoor pageant in Montclair, titled A College Medley, as a benefit for Goucher College; it included dozens of school children and clubwomen in the large cast. She was assistant director of physical training for the New Jersey Board of Education until she resigned in 1928, and an advisor to the National Tuberculosis Association in the early 1930s. She spoke about tuberculosis prevention to students at the University of Missouri, and before other community groups. In 1930, she helped plan "health trails" for local Girl Scout councils in Binghamton and Newburgh.
In 1931, Grosscup gave a lecture on child health at the New York School of Social Work. She spoke at the American Physical Education Association state and regional conferences in Atlantic City in 1926, Louisville in 1931, and in Jacksonville in 1932. She organized the Round Table Child Health Conference in Syracuse, and gave a paper at the World Federation of Education Associations conference.

## Publications

* "Physical Education Progress in the Rural Districts of New Jersey" (1927)
* "The Value of Rest and Sleep" (1931)

## Personal life

Grosscup died suddenly in 1949, at the age of 57, in Montclair.
# Ester F. Bentley

Ester Frances Bentley (October 24, 1915 – January 20, 2004) was an American social worker and community organizer, based in Southern California. Her papers are part of the June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives at UCLA.

## Early life and education

Bentley was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the daughter of Charles Arthur Bentley and Minnie (or Winnie) Bentley, and granddaughter of Emma Frances Foster, with whom she lived. In 1941 she graduated from Catherine Spalding College with a degree in education, and she earned a master's degree in social work (MSW) at Catholic University of America in 1949, with a thesis on child welfare services in Kentucky.

## Career

Bentley was president of the Municipal Hockey League in Louisville in 1942. She worked for the USO during and after World War II. She was director of field services of the Kentucky Society for Crippled Children in Harlan County in 1950. In 1954 she worked for United Community Defense Services in Key West, Florida, consulting on community planning and agency development. She was a national field consultant for the National Catholic Community Service, at the agency's headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Bentley moved to Southern California by 1958. She was a caseworker at Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk, and editor of the Directory of Health, Welfare, and Recreational Services. She was executive director of the Girl Scout Council in Santa Ana. She supervised students and taught in the UCLA School of Social Welfare from 1966 to 1974. She worked in the regional center system in Orange County before she retired. In 1982, she received the Caritas Medal from her alma mater, Spalding University.
Bentley was active in LGBTQ and Catholic organizations, including Old Lesbians Organizing for Change, Uptown Gay & Lesbian Alliance, and Woman Against Violence Against Women. She served on an advisory committee at the Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Center. In her late years, she was one of the founding members of the Coalition of Older Lesbians (COOL).

## Personal life

Bentley died in 2004, at the age of 88, in Los Angeles. Her papers constitute one of the largest collections in the June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives at UCLA. One of the unusual artifacts in the collection is a folding screen room divider, decorated by Bentley with hundreds of photos of her friends, colleagues, and lovers, many of them labeled with their first names; Bentley added the title "Celebrating the Women in My Life" to the top edge of the screen.
# Lacerta in Chinese astronomy

According to traditional Chinese uranography, the modern constellation Lacerta is located within the northern quadrant of the sky, which is symbolized as the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ).
The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 蝎虎座 (xiē hǔ zuò), meaning "the lizard constellation".

## Stars

The map of Chinese constellation in constellation Lacerta area consists of :
| Four Symbols | Mansion (Chinese name) | Romanization | Translation | Asterisms (Chinese name) | Romanization | Translation | Western star name | Chinese star name | Romanization | Translation |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 杵 | Chǔ | Pestle | 1 Lac | 杵一 | Chǔyī | 1st star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 15 Lac | 車府一 | Chēfǔyī | 1st star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 11 Lac | 車府二 | Chēfǔèr | 2nd star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 2 Lac | 車府三 | Chēfǔsān | 3rd star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 6 Lac | 車府增九 | Chēfǔzēngjiǔ | 9th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 8 Lac | 車府增十 | Chēfǔzēngshí | 10th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 10 Lac | 車府增十一 | Chēfǔzēngshíyī | 11th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 12 Lac | 車府增十二 | Chēfǔzēngshíèr | 12th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 13 Lac | 車府增十三 | Chēfǔzēngshísān | 13th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 14 Lac | 車府增十四 | Chēfǔzēngshísì | 14th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 16 Lac | 車府增十五 | Chēfǔzēngshíwǔ | 15th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 危 | Wēi | Rooftop | 車府 | Chēfǔ | Big Yard for Chariots | 5 Lac | 車府增十九 | Chēfǔzēngshíjiǔ | 19th additional star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 室 | Shì | Encampment | 騰蛇 | Téngshé | Flying Serpent |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 室 | Shì | Encampment | 騰蛇 | Téngshé | Flying Serpent | α Lac | 螣蛇一 | Téngshéyī | 1st star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 室 | Shì | Encampment | 騰蛇 | Téngshé | Flying Serpent | 4 Lac | 螣蛇二 | Téngshéèr | 2nd star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 室 | Shì | Encampment | 騰蛇 | Téngshé | Flying Serpent | β Lac | 螣蛇十 | Téngshéshí | 10th star |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武) | 室 | Shì | Encampment | 騰蛇 | Téngshé | Flying Serpent | 9 Lac | 螣蛇十五 | Téngshéshíwu | 15th star |
# Esplanade One

Esplanade One is the largest shopping mall now it is Nexus Esplanade in the state of Odisha located at Bhubaneswar, designed by the Practice Design Pvt Ltd. It was developed by the Forum Group and The Blackstone Group. Esplanade One has a built-up area of 9.5 lakh sqft, including 4 lakh sqft of leasable area (Retail Space & 7 Screen Multiplex). It also includes 2.5 lakh sqft of offices and 3 lakh sqft of parking. The complex is spread over 9 floors and the offices start from the third floor.

## About

Esplanade One mall is located in Rasulgarh Industrial Estate Area, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The mall has a total commercial (Built-up) space of 1,000,000 sq ft spread over ten floors designed by the Practice Design Pvt Ltd, with a Retail space of 400,000 sq ft. It is developed by Forum Group in association with The Blackstone Group. It has capacity to contains more than 200 outlets, including cafeterias, food courts, restaurants, family entertainment zones, multiplex and it has multi level parking.

## Events

* Actress and model Disha Patani inaugurated the first Marks & Spencer Store in Bhubaneswar on 14 September 2018. The event was huge success and huge crowd gathered to witness the event at Esplanade One.
* On 14 August 2018, Esplanade One organised The First Ever Midnight Sale at Odisha's No.1 Shopping & Entertainment Hub. Over 40 Brands offering 50% off. Also Get a Chance to win hourly exciting prizes including one lucky draw prize – Honda Activa 5G.
# Esplanade Mansions, Kolkata

The Esplanade Mansions is a heritage building located in the Indian city of Kolkata, on the Esplanade Row and Marx Engels Beethi Road crossing, opposite to the Raj Bhavan. It was one of the buildings owned by Jewish businessman David Elias Ezra. The residential building was built in the Art Nouveau architecture style. Today it is owned by Life Insurance Corporation and houses commercial, railways and other government offices.

## Location

The Esplanade Mansion is in the city centre, Esplanade opposite the official residence of the governor of West Bengal, Raj Bhavan and Curzon Park. The building occupies a site bounded by Esplanade Row to the south, Marx Engels Beethi Road (or Old Courthouse Street) to the west and James Hickey Sarani (or Dacres Lane) to the east. Nearby major structures include Metropolitan Building, The LaLit Great Eastern, Currency Building etc.

## History

It was owned and built by a Jewish business magnate, David Elias Ezra in 1910. He also became the Commissioner of the Calcutta Municipal in 1876 and a member of the Road and Conservancy Committee. Other properties he owned included the Chowringhee Mansions, Ezra Mansions etc. Previously, the site was Scott Thompson's shop and two houses. Martin & Co. was contracted for the construction. It was built as a residential building of the Ezra family. During WWII, it used to be the American Library.
It is the sole Art Nouveau building in the city. A blend of Art Nouveau and Edwardian architecture can be seen in the corner tower and cupola. It has circular balconies and arched windows. The residential property has 24 flats. It is listed as a Grade-I heritage building by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation.

## Today

The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) owns around 30 properties in Esplanade. The Esplanade Mansions is one of them. It also houses the office of the Chief Public Relations Officer of the Eastern Railways on the Raj Bhavan side and the Railway Claims Tribunal on the Curzon Park side, both on the ground floor. In 2003, LIC decided to renovate the building. The colour of the building was changed from lilac to white at a cost of ₹11 lakh (equivalent to ₹40 lakh or US$48,000 in 2023).
# Estero Chimbarongo

The Estero Chimbarongo is a river of Chile.
# Ethmia mansita

Ethmia mansita is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in central Mexico.
The length of the forewings is 8.5–9.1 mm (0.33–0.36 in). The ground color of the forewings is pale gray, overlaid with whitish and with black markings. The ground color of the hindwings is pale brownish, but whitish basally. Adults are on wing in September.
# Lacrosse in India

Lacrosse is a sport that has a long history in India, though it has not spread widely. The sport was initially introduced in the country by British soldiers in the 1800s. It then spread to other parts of the country, including Punjab and Kashmir. The first All India Lacrosse Championship was held in Amritsar in the year 1936. After that, it lost popularity to sports like hockey. Developmental activities like workshops and awareness programmes have been organised since 2018. There has been an increase in interest in Lacrosse in India since the sport was included in the Summer Olympics. Lacrosse gear is currently being imported, efforts are on to try to manufacture the equipment in India. It is now being played in schools in Shillong, Meghalaya. The sport is administered by the Lacrosse Association of India, which was granted associate membership of World Lacrosse in 2021.