OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albay (disambiguation)

Albay is a province of the Philippines.
Albay may also refer to:
* Albay Gulf, a gulf in the southern part of Luzon island, Philippines
* USS Albay (1886), a small gunboat built in 1886 for the Spanish colonial government of the Philippines
* Albay, Turkish military rank corresponding to colonel (NATO OF-5)

## People with the surname

* R. Kan Albay (born 1975), Belgian film director
# Alan Fearnley

Alan Fearnley is a British artist known for his painting of cars and trains.

## Biography

Fearnley was born in 1942 in Yorkshire and studied at Batley College of Art. After college, he worked for several years as an illustrator in a commercial studio, after which he began to work independently. In 1974, Fearnley became a member of the Aviation Artists Guild and was awarded the B.A.C. Trophy and Quantas Trophy for works dedicated to aviation. A little later, Fearnley joined the Guild of Railway Artists and the Royal Society marine painters. But classic and sports cars became an important source of creativity for Fearnley over the next twenty-five years. He has created more than a hundred paintings on this subject, more than 70,000 copies of his work have been sold around the world, and three books have been published dedicated to Fearnley's work. The artist paints most of his paintings in the style of impressionism, using oil and acrylic paints. Later, his most famous canvases became the beginning for prints, posters, albums, calendars.
Fearnley is one of the foremost automotive artists. His paintings are kept in the best private collections, and solo exhibitions are always shown in Monaco, during the Formula 1 Grand Prix. Fearnley-inspired merchandise, autographed by drivers and team leaders, is a welcome purchase for motorsport enthusiasts. The management of Mercedes-Benz became interested in Fearnley's paintings, later the company released a specially published album of his work for their customers. At various times, a series of works by the artist dedicated to racing cars Scuderia Ferrari, including a portrait of Enzo Ferrari, and racing at Le Mans.

## Additional information

One of Fearnley's paintings gained particular notoriety as the cover for Chris Rea's eleventh studio album, Auberge. The picture shows the Caterham Super Seven, the Blue Seven, the owner of which was the pop musician himself and which can also be seen in the video of the same name.
# Magro

Magro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Maria Magro (born 1959), Italian film director, actor and screenwriter
* Daniele Magro (born 1987), Italian basketball player
* Feliciano Magro (born 1979), Italian-Swiss footballer
* Marc Magro (born 1984), American football player
* Stan Magro (born 1954), Australian rules footballer
* Sylvester Carmel Magro (1941–2018), Maltese Roman Catholic bishop
* Ronnie Ortiz-Magro (born 1985), American television personality and actor
# Magneto-ionic double refraction

In telecommunications, magneto-ionic double refraction is the combined effect of the Earth's magnetic field and atmospheric ionization, whereby a linearly polarized wave entering the ionosphere is split into two components called the ordinary wave and extraordinary wave.
The component waves follow different paths, experience different attenuations, have different phase velocities, and, in general, are elliptically polarized in opposite senses. The critical frequency of the extraordinary wave is always greater than the critical frequency of the ordinary wave (i.e. the wave in absence of the magnetic field) by the amount approximately equal to .5 times of gyro frequency . The amplitude of extraordinary wave is dependent on the earth magnetic field at that particular point . Beside splitting, the polarization of the incident radio wave is also effected by this phenomenon because the electron that were earlier in simple harmonic motion only are now in spiral motion too due to the magnetic field.
# Albanian Christian Democratic Movement

The Albanian Christian Democratic Movement is a Christian-democratic political party in Albania founded by Nikollë Lesi, an MP and former member of the Demochristian Party of Albania (PDK) on 8 November 2007 over disagreements with his previous party's new party leader, Nard Ndoka. Lesi expects to at least match the PDK's performance in the 2005 election at the next election. The party had one MP in the Assembly of Albania until the 2009 Albanian parliamentary election.
# Alan Wallace

Alan Wallace (1 April 1891 – 10 May 1915) was a gifted New Zealand scholar and sportsman.
Wallace was born in Auckland in 1891. His parents were George and Florence Wallace. His father worked at Devonport Gas Works and he grew up on Lake Road in that suburb. He attended Auckland Grammar School from 1903 and excelled academically in mathematics, science, and languages. In sport, his main discipline was cricket. His headmaster, James Tibbs, described him as "a lad endowed in no ordinary degree with moral and intellectual force". He won a large number of scholarships and in the junior university scholarship, which he gained when he entered Auckland University College, he came second in the country. He graduated with a Master of Arts in 1912 and gained a Rhodes Scholarship, which enabled him to study mathematics at Balliol College, Oxford. Aged 20 when he became a Rhodes Scholar, he was then the youngest scholar from New Zealand.
Wallace played three first-class matches for Auckland between 1910 and 1912. He was killed in action during World War I. Other sports that he competed in were association football, swimming, rowing, and shooting.
Wallace was still at Balliol College when WWI started. He enlisted on 24 September 1914 and he was assigned to the British Section of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. By Christmas of that year, he had arrived in Egypt. He arrived at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. For his part of rescuing injured soldiers on 2 and 3 May, he was recommended for the Distinguished Conduct Medal. On 9 May while discussing plans with Major Hugh Quinn, Wallace was shot in the head by a sniper. He died the following day and was buried at sea.
# Brian Stock

Brian Stock is the name of:
* Brian Stock (footballer), Welsh football player and manager
* Brian Stock (historian), American historian
# Berlin Conference of Bishops

The Berlin Conference of Bishops was the meeting of Roman Catholic bishops of East Germany from 1976 to 1990. As was solidified after the Berlin Wall in 1961 and was the division of Germany prevented the participation of the bishops of the East of the German Bishops' Conference, the pastoral needs led to a separate meeting of the East German bishops, first of the Berlin Ordinarienkonferenz.
In the following decades, the increased pressure from the government of the GDR built on the Apostolic See, has its own Bishops' Conference as "auctoritas territorialis" and on July 10, 1974 submitted to the ambassador of the GDR in Italy to the Holy See a formal proposal to the East German government, to lead talks at foreign minister level. Although the (West) German Bishops' Conference of this approach was regarded as not conducive to it on July 26, 1976 on the erection of the Berlin Conference of Bishops as an independent, not as a national bishops' conference of the German Democratic Republic.
Great importance was attached to the wording of the statute of the German Bishops' Conference, being confirmed on September 25, 1976 by the Apostolic See. Article 1 designates the German Bishops' Conference as "the union of the bishops of the dioceses of Germany". According to this formulation, including the bishops were on the territory of the GDR continued to German Bishops' Conference. The Bishop of Berlin was represented officially a member of the German Bishops' Conference and sat by his vicar-general of West Berlin.
In 1990, after the reunification of Germany, Berlin and German Bishops' Conference were combined.

## Chairmen

* Cardinal Alfred Bengsch, Bishop of Berlin (1976 - 1979)
* Gerhard Schaffran, Bishop of Dresden - Meissen (1980 - 1982)
* Joachim Meisner, Bishop of Berlin (1982 - 1989)
* Joachim Wanke, Apostolic Administrator of the Episcopal Office of Erfurt - Meiningen (1989 provisional)
* Georg Sterzinsky, Bishop of Berlin (1989-1990)

## Structure

The canonical system on the territory of the GDR was complicated. Only the Diocese of Meissen was entirely on the territory of the GDR. The diocese also included Berlin and West Berlin. Görlitz, formerly part of the Archdiocese of Breslau, was Archbishop Office, later Apostolic Administration.
The other areas were to dioceses canonically established on the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. These were Episcopal office. An appreciation of apostolic administrations remained in contrary to the wishes of the East German government. Specifically, there was the Bishop's office Erfurt, Fulda, the Episcopal office in Magdeburg, in Paderborn, the Episcopal office Meiningen, at Würzburg, the Episcopal Commission for later Schwerin, to Osnabrück. Erfurt and Meiningen were performed in real-Union Episcopal Office Erfurt-Meiningen.
# Bughouse Square Debates

The Bughouse Square Debates was an annual event sponsored by the Newberry Library in Chicago. The debates took place across from the Newberry, in Washington Square Park. Soapboxes located throughout the park gave a series of scheduled speakers platforms from which they shared their opinions on a variety of issues related to education, labor, sports, religion, technology, national security, and other topics. Every year, a panel of judges presented the champion soapboxer with the Dill Pickle Award, a nod to the Dill Pickle Club, a bohemian gathering place located near the park in the early twentieth century.
In addition to the debates, the Newberry honored individuals or organizations with the John Peter Altgeld Freedom of Speech Award. Recipients of the award included Wendy Kaminer, Chicago journalists Mick Dumke and Ben Joravsky; Students Organizing to Save Our Schools; and Kartemquin Films.
The first debates organized by the Newberry were in 1986. The event was discontinued in 2021. It has been replaced by Chicago Storytelling, a program that invites Chicagoans to tell stories about the city's people, history, and culture. This event also serves as a platform to present The Pattis Family Foundation Chicago Book Award at the Newberry Library.
Washington Square Park served as a raucous public forum for many of the political radicals and intellectuals who frequented the Dill Pickle Club. "Bughouse" being popular slang for mental health facilities at the time, the word gave the park its nickname and described the fringe viewpoints and the free-flowing discourse on display there. John Drury, describing the scene for the Chicago Daily News in 1921, wrote, "free speech never was freer than in this unique spot on the near north side."
During Bughouse Square's height in the 1920s and 1930s, poets, religionists, and philosophers addressed the crowds, but the mainstays were soapboxers from the revolutionary left, especially from the Industrial Workers of the World. Many of the speakers became legendary and included anarchist Lucy Parsons, Ben Reitman, John Loughman, socialist Frank Midney, feminist-Marxist Martha Biegler, Frederick Wilkesbarr, Herbert Shaw (the "Cosmic Kid"), Kenneth Rexroth in his youth, the Sheridan twins (Jack and Jimmy), famed criminal defense lawyer Julius Lucius Echeles (about Clarence Darrow, and some of his own experiences with judges, justice and defendants); and one-armed "Cholly" Wendorf.
# Abdul Kadir (Turkish poet)

Abdul Kadir, full name İbrahim Abdülkadir Meriçboyu (pen name, A. Kadir; 1917, Istanbul – March 1, 1985, Istanbul), was a Turkish poet among the socialist poets of the 1940s generation.

## Early life and education

Kadir completed his secondary education at Eyüp Middle School (1933) and Kuleli Military High School (1936). As a final-year student at the Turkish Military Academy (1938), he was arrested with Nâzım Hikmet and sentenced to ten months in prison. After being released from prison, he completed his military service as a private. He enrolled in the Istanbul University Faculty of Law (1941).

## Career

His poetry book Tebliğ, published in 1943, was banned and confiscated. He was exiled by martial law along with individuals deemed problematic to remain in Istanbul. He spent his exile in Muğla, Balıkesir, Konya, Kırşehir, and Adana. In 1947, he returned to Istanbul and began working in a biscuit factory. After leaving this job, he worked as a proofreader and translator in various publishing houses. After 1965, he continued his writing career by publishing his books himself.
Having shared a cell with Nâzım Hikmet in Ankara Prison, A. Kadir was initially heavily influenced by this poet. This influence is clearly seen in the poems published in the magazines Ses and Yeni Edebiyat. His first book, Tebliğ, which expressed his love for his country, openly opposed war and realistically reflected the lives of poor people. After returning from exile, he occasionally published his poems in magazines. He and Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı translated Rumi's poems from Persian into prose and compiled them into a book titled Mevlâna in Today's Language (1955).
This highly appreciated book was reprinted several times. The translation of Iliad he did with Azra Erhat in 1958 led to A. Kadir being recognized as a successful translator. His second book, Welcome Halil İbrahim (1959), showed that he did not deviate from his poetic line despite the poetic tendencies of the period. This was followed by Four Windows (1962) and a collection of all his poems, While There is Happiness (1968). Continuing his work in translation and simplifying old poetry, A. Kadir published the books Omar Khayyam in Today's Language (1964) and Tevfik Fikret in Today's Language (1967). In 1970, the translation of Odyssey, which he again did with Azra Erhat, was published. He compiled many translations he did alone or jointly from European and Third World poets into three volumes titled World Folk and Democracy Poems (1973–1980). Additionally, his poetry translations from Brecht and Selected Poems (1961), which he translated with Asım Bezirci from Paul Eluard, received great attention. A. Kadir received the Habib Edip Törehan (1959), TDK Translation (1961), Hasan li Ediz Literary Translation (1980), and Yazko Translation (1983) awards for his translations. His work 1938 Military Academy Incident and Nâzım Hikmet (1966) is also a book of great interest for shedding light on an important event of that era.

## Death

Abdul Kadir died in March 1985 and is buried in Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.
# Benhall

Benhall is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. Located to the south of Saxmundham, in 2007 its population was estimated to be 560, reducing to 521 at the 2011 Census.

## Geography

Benhall is split into two; one side of the A12 road is Benhall Low Street, whereas the other is Benhall Green. Benhall Green has a small primary school and a playgroup.
There is no public house in the village. However, Benhall & Sternfield Ex. Servicemens Club, which is located off School Lane in Benhall Green, provides the village with a warm and welcoming bar with pool, snooker, live sports on TV, and regular member events. It also has a function hall available to hire for all occasions. The Club is open Monday-Wednesday and Fridays in the week from 6pm and at weekends from 12 noon.
The 15th century church of St Mary is a grade II* listed building. The actor Guy Rolfe is buried in the churchyard.

## History

The manor of Benhall was granted in 1086 to Robert de Malet, and has since had a long and complicated history, having been owned by many of the most powerful people of their time, including the De La Poles, the Howards and King Henry VIII.

### Benhall Lodge

The great house of the area is Benhall Lodge. A manor house had existed on the Benhall estate since at least 1225, when it was fortified by Ralph de Sunderland. Long known as Benhall Lodge, the house has been rebuilt by various Lords of the Manor: including in 1638 by Sir Edward Duke, Bt., in 1790 by William Beaumaris Rush, and in 1810 by Edward Hollond. The mansion house has suffered serious fires in 1885 and in 1967, and was restored and slightly remodelled after each. The walled kitchen garden of the country house is now a separate business concern, but the house itself and the surrounding gardens and parkland remains private residential property.

## Sport

Benhall St Mary Football Club recently won SIL Division 2 2013/14 season. The Badgers, as the club has been nicknamed due to their kit colour, will now progress into Division 1 for the 2014/15 season. They play their home games on the pitch at Benhall & Sternfield Ex Servicemens Club (which they affectionately call 'The Den').

## Notable residents

* Edward Glemham, privateer
* Sir Edward Duke, 1st Baronet
* Sir John Duke, 2nd Baronet
* Hyde Parker, admiral
* William Christian Sellé, musician
* Guy Rolfe, actor
# Madame de Montesson

Charlotte-Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou (4 October 1738 – 6 February 1806) was a mistress to Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, and ultimately, his wife; however, Louis XV would not allow her to become the Duchess. She wrote and acted in several plays. She is known simply as Madame de Montesson.

## Life

Charlotte-Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou was born in Paris of an old Breton family.
On 11 October 1757, she married the seventy-year-old widower Jean Baptiste, Marquis of Montesson, who died in 1769. Her beauty and intelligence attracted the attention of the widowed Louis Philippe d'Orléans, the fat (his wife Louise Henriette de Bourbon had died in 1759), whom she secretly married in 1773 with the authorisation of Louis XV of France. After her marriage to the Duke of Orléans, a member of the royal family and a Prince du Sang, her low rank did not allow her the title of Duchess of Orléans.
For her husband's amusement and her own, she set up a little theater and wrote several plays, in the acting of which she herself took part.
She was arrested on 20 April 1793 (1 floréal an II of the Republican calendar) during the Terror, and first imprisoned in the La Force prison in Paris. She was released on 28 September 1794 (after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre), befriended Joséphine de Beauharnais, and was a prominent figure at the beginning of the empire.

### Works

The best edition of her works appeared under the title of Œuvres anonymes in 1782–1785. See Charles Collé, Journal (1868); the Memoirs of St Simon, Madame de Genlis, the duchesse d'Abrantes and Mme de Levis; G Strenger, "La Société de la marquise de Montesson," in the Nouvelle revue (1902); J Turquan, Madame de Montesson douairière d'Orléans (Paris, 1904); and G. Capon and R Yves-Plessis, Les Théâtres clandestins du xviii' siècle (1904).
# Edward W. Scruggs

Edward W. Scruggs (June 14, 1903 – April 17, 1974) was a justice of the Arizona Supreme Court from August 5, 1964 to January 4, 1965. Scruggs served the third shortest tenure in the court's history.
Scruggs was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory and moved to Tucson with his parents as a child. Scruggs first worked as a laborer for the local railroad express company and in an automobile garage. Obtaining training as a stenographer, Scruggs found work with the U.S. immigration service in Tucson and then started working for the federal district court. Scruggs was admitted to the Arizona bar in 1933.
Scruggs served as clerk of the United States District Court in Arizona from 1936 until January 1946, serving under Judges W. H. Sawtelle, Fred C. Jacobs, Albert M. Sames, David Ling, and Howard Speakman. After leaving the federal court clerk, Scruggs started his own law practice in Tucson.
In 1947, Scruggs was a Republican candidate for the Tucson city council, campaigning for "larger fire and police departments, more street paving, adequate water and sewer systems, and many other Improvements."
In 1953, Scruggs was the United States Attorney for the District of Arizona.
Governor Paul Fannin appointed Scruggs to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Renz L. Jennings. Jennings retired to seek the Democratic nomination for U. S. senator. Scruggs sought reelection but faced former Senator and Governor Ernest McFarland who defeated Scruggs in the election.
Scruggs later became a special counsel to the Pima County Attorney's Office. He died in Tucson on April 17, 1974.
# CBC Music Top 20

CBC Music Top 20, formerly Radio 2 Top 20, is a Canadian radio record chart program, which airs across Canada on the CBC Music network. Hosted by Grant Lawrence, the show counts down the week's top songs played on the network's daily adult album alternative programs Mornings and Drive, as determined by a mix of Canadian record sales and listener voting feedback.
The show premiered in August 2012. It was previously hosted by Garvia Bailey, Pete Morey, Nana aba Duncan and Angeline Tetteh-Wayoe.
The show also aired on CBC Radio One in fall 2016, but was dropped from that service's winter 2017 schedule.
# Dos Indios River (Canoas River tributary)

The Dos Indios River is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Uruguay River basin and is a tributary of the Canoas River.
# C. J. T. Thamotheram

Charles Jayam Thambyrajah Thamotheram (19 September 1918 – 27 October 2005) was a Sri Lankan Tamil teacher, publisher and social worker.

## Early life and family

Thamotheram was born on 19 September 1918 in Thunnalai in northern Ceylon. He was the son of C. P. Thamotheram, principal of Hartley College, and Huldah Thangamma Arulampalam. He was educated at St. John's College, Jaffna, Hartley College and St. Joseph's College, Colombo. He then joined Ceylon University College, graduating with a second class honours degree in science.
Thamotheram married Florence Thiviamalar (Malar), daughter of Rev. N. K. Nalliah, in 1944. They had three sons (Vijay, Priya, and Raj) and three daughters (Sunetra, Thiru and Shantini). Thamotheram was a practising Methodist.

## Career

In 1939, at the age of 20, Thamotheram was appointed as a school master at Hartley College. He then left teaching in 1942 and worked for the Ceylon Government Supplies Department before working in the private sector. He then returned to teaching a couple of years later, joining St. Patrick's College, Jaffna before proceeding to Wesley College, Colombo two years later to teach mathematics. Thamotheram then received the Smith-Mundt scholarship to study in the USA. After a year, he returned to Wesley College but when the post of principal became vacant, Thamotheram should have been appointed but the discriminatory policies prevalent in Ceylon at that time meant he was ignored. He resigned from Wesley College in 1959 and joined the British Council in Colombo as a First Administrative Assistant.
Thamotheram founded the Colombo Teachers' Association and served as its first president (1954/55). He also founded the Ceylon Teachers' Travel Club which organised tours to Australia, China, India, Israel, UK and USSR. He emigrated to the UK in 1961 and taught at grammar school in Luton for a few years before joining the independent Latymer Upper School in 1965. He retired from Latymer in 1983.
Thamotheram founded the Association of Commonwealth Teachers in 1966. He was also very active amongst the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora in the UK. He was founder and vice-president of the Standing Committee of Tamils (SCOT) in 1977. He was the founder and headmaster of the UK's first Tamil school, the West London Tamil School in Greenford, from 1978 to 1982. He, along with others, founded the Tamil Times magazine in 1981. Thamotheram was managing director, editor and circulation manager of the magazine. He resigned from magazine's board in 1987. In 1988 he founded the International Tamil Foundation and served as its president. Thamotheram and International Tamil Foundation opposed LTTE's proscription as a terrorist group in the United Kingdom. He also founded the League of Friends of the Jaffna University and the Tamil Writers' Guild.
Thamotheram died on 27 October 2005.