OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) is a balloon-borne instrument flying in the stratosphere over Antarctica to measure the energy and composition of cosmic rays. ATIC was launched from McMurdo Station for the first time in December 2000 and has since completed three successful flights out of four.

## Working principle

The detector uses the principle of ionization calorimetry: several layers of the scintillator bismuth germanate emit light as they are struck by particles, allowing to calculate the particles' energy. A silicon matrix is used to determine the particles' electrical charge.

## Collaborators

The project is an international collaboration of researchers from Louisiana State University, University of Maryland, College Park, Marshall Space Flight Center, Purple Mountain Observatory in China, Moscow State University in Russia and Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany. ATIC is supported in the United States by NASA and flights are conducted under the auspices of the Balloon Program Office at Wallops Flight Facility by the staff of the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility. Antarctic logistics are provided by the National Science Foundation and its contractor Raytheon Polar Services Corporation. The principal investigator for ATIC is John Wefel of Louisiana State University.

## Results

In November 2008, researchers published in Nature the finding of a surplus of high energy electrons. During a 5-week observatory period in 2000 and 2003, ATIC counted 70 electrons with energies in the range 300–800 GeV; these electrons were in excess of those expected from the galactic background. The source of these electrons is unknown, but it is assumed to be relatively close, no more than about 3000 lightyears away, since high energy electrons rapidly lose energy as they travel through the galactic magnetic field and collide with photons. The electrons could originate from a nearby pulsar or other astrophysical object, but the researchers were not able to identify a fitting object. According to another conjecture, the electrons result from collisions of Dark Matter particles, for example WIMP Kaluza-Klein particles of mass near 620 GeV.

## Related data from other experiments

Earlier in the year, the satellite PAMELA had found excess positrons (the antiparticle of the electron) in the cosmic ray signal, also believed to originate from dark matter interactions. ATIC cannot distinguish between electrons and positrons, so it is possible that the two results are compatible.
On the other hand, in November 2008 the Milagro experiment reported cosmic ray "hotspots" in the sky, possibly supporting astrophysical objects as sources of the surplus electrons. In May 2009, observations by the Fermi space telescope were reported which did not support the spike of high-energy electrons seen by ATIC.
# Strangalia acuminata

Strangalia acuminata is a species of flower longhorn in the beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in North America.
# Tank Top City

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork Media | 5.6/10 |
Tank Top City is the second album by Sugarsmack, released in 1998 through Sire Records.
The album was one of many late 1990s Sire alternative rock releases that failed commercially.

## Critical reception

Nashville Scene called the album "kinetic, jagged rock that lies somewhere between England’s The Fall and Atlanta’s late, lamented The Jody Grind," writing that it "finds the band in top form." The Memphis Flyer wrote that the band "has adopted an almost-over-the-top punk swagger that makes it stand out." Stereo Review called Tank Top City a "16-song luge ride through wild terrain," writing that "the secret of getting on the band's wavelength when listening to a song like 'Reagan' is to just say no to logic and submit to the band's altered neural pathways."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sugarsmack

## Personnel
### Sugarsmack

* John Adamian – drums, guitar, keyboards, vocals
* Chris Chandek – guitar
* Hope Nicholls – vocals, saxophone, harmonica
* Aaron Pitkin – bass guitar, guitar, vocals

### Production and additional personnel

* Aaron Bachelder – timpani
* Mindy Barker – flute
* Marc Becker – production, engineering, mixing
* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Cookie Jackson – cello
* Sarah Beth Turner – saxophone
# Amblytelus gloriosus

Amblytelus gloriosus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2004.
# Samson Baiersdorf

Samson Solomon ben Manasse Baiersdorf (died 1712) was the Court Jew of the margrave Christian Ernst of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

## Biography

Samson Baiersdorf was the son of Juda Selka, who arrived in Fiurda following the expulsion of the Jews from Vienna by Leopold I in 1670.
Baiersdorf entered the margrave's service in 1670, becoming highly esteemed at Ernst's court, at the same time using his influence for the good of his coreligionists. He influenced the margrave to issue a decree in 1695 granting the Jews freedom of trade, and it was chiefly through his influence that they were allowed to stay in the land in peace. In 1700, for a short time his position at the court was shaken by a hostile counselor of the margrave, but it was soon re-established. In the same year he gave his daughter in marriage to a son of Glückel of Hameln, Moses Hameln, who became later on rabbi at Baiersdorf.
Under Baiersdorf's influence, a 'Jews' corporation' was organized in the Margraviate of Bayreuth in 1709 which bought additional privileges in regard to rabbinical jurisdiction and to establish two cemeteries. In 1714 Baiersdorf was calumniated by the baptized Jew Philipp Ernst Christfels, and engaged in a lawsuit, the issue of which is not known.
# Aegilops umbellulata

Aegilops umbellulata, the umbel goatgrass, is an annual grass that is closesly related to wheat. It is native to southeastern Europe (including the East Aegean Islands), Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, the Transcaucasus, and Turkey.
The hybridisation between this species and wheat is known to produce rust resistant plants.
# Strangalia famelica

Strangalia famelica is a species of flower longhorn in the beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Strangalia famelica:
* Strangalia famelica famelica Newman, 1841
* Strangalia famelica solitaria Haldeman, 1847
# Thomas D. Waterman

Thomas D. Waterman (born 1959) is a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court.

## Education

Waterman was born in Davenport, Iowa. He graduated from Bettendorf High School and received a degree in history from Dartmouth College in 1981. He then graduated Order of the Coif in the top five percent of his class from the University of Iowa College of Law in 1984.

## Legal career

Waterman practiced for 27 years at the Davenport law firm Lane & Waterman LLP. He was a fourth-generation partner in the firm and specialized in civil trial and appellate litigation. Waterman was ranked in Band 1 for commercial litigation by Chambers and Partners and was also recognized by The Best Lawyers in America. He was also a member of the Iowa State Judicial Nominating Commission and the American College of Trial Lawyers.

## Iowa Supreme Court

Waterman was one of three justices appointed by Iowa Governor Terry Branstad in 2011. In November 2010, Iowa voters had removed all three justices seeking reelection in response to the court unanimously legalizing same-sex marriage in Varnum v. Brien. Waterman is an elected member of the American Law Institute. He is the second member of his family to serve on the Iowa Supreme Court after Charles M. Waterman, who founded Lane & Waterman.
In 2019, Waterman spoke with state Representative Steven Holt, the floor manager of a bill to modify procedures for choosing judges and the chief justice's term. Michael Gartner reported that the bill was a "power grab" by Waterman and his allies, who lobbied the legislature and wanted Waterman to replace Mark Cady before his term expired. Unlike Cady, Waterman refused to disclose his contacts with legislators or recuse himself in the ensuing litigation. Waterman subsequently took part in a 4-2 decision to refer the case to the Iowa Court of Appeals, which dismissed the lawsuit 3–2 on standing grounds, following which the Iowa Supreme Court declined review.
# Tomoya Yamashita

Tomoya Yamashita (山下 友也, Yamashita Tomoya, born 21 July 1946) is a Japanese sport shooter who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Tank Tyler

DeMarcus Lamon "Tank" Tyler (born February 14, 1985) is an American former professional football defensive tackle. He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2007 NFL draft. He played college football at North Carolina State.
Tyler was also a member of the Carolina Panthers, Chicago Bears, Tampa Bay Storm, and Dodge City Law.

## Early life

Tyler played high school football at E.E. Smith High in Fayetteville, North Carolina. During his career he achieved all-conference honors, first-team All-Two Rivers Class 4-A Conference, All-Cape Fear Region accolades, and was Cape Fear Region Player of the Year in 2002. He was also invited to play in the 2002 Shrine Bowl.

## College career

Tyler played college football at North Carolina State. During his senior season, he was received first-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference after recording 87 tackles, three sacks, and a forced fumble. He finished his college career with 173 tackles, five sacks, and two fumble recoveries.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | 306 lb (139 kg) | 5.18 s | 1.75 s | 2.96 s | 4.76 s | 7.47 s | 28 in (0.71 m) | 5 ft 1 in (1.55 m) | 42 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||||||||

### Kansas City Chiefs

Tyler was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2007 NFL draft. He played in 15 games during his rookie season, starting one. During his second season he started all 16 games at defensive tackle for the Chiefs, recording 29 tackles. In three years with the Chiefs he started 19 of 37 games, recording 62 tackles.

### Carolina Panthers

Tyler was traded to the Carolina Panthers on October 19, 2009 for a fifth round pick in the 2010 NFL draft. He was waived on September 4, 2010 during final cuts.

### Chicago Bears

Tyler signed a reserve/future contract with the Chicago Bears on January 11, 2011. He was waived on August 29, 2011.
# Vrtičkarji

Vrtičkarji (Allotment holders) was a 2000 Slovenian comedy television series.
The series was written by Andrej Rozman and Jure Pervanje. It was produced by Radiotelevizija Slovenija. It starred Brane Grubar, Miha Arh, Barbara Lapajne, Jernej Šugman, Maša Derganc, Gojmir Lešnjak, Jette Vejrup Ostan and Boris Ostan. Jernej Šugman won the Viktor Award for best TV role in Vrtičkarji (2000). Vrtickarji was intended to be not so much a sitcom as a light comedy that portrayed what it is to be Slovenian. Co-writer Andrej Rozman was disappointed by the low-budget production. Rozman wrote the scripts for the first thirteen episodes, then left the project.
# Sam Chifney

Sam Chifney might refer to:
* Samuel Chifney Sr. (c. 1753–1807), also known as Sam Chifney the elder, an English jockey; or his son,
* Samuel Chifney Jr., also an English jockey
# Villa de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí

Villa de Hidalgo (also, Villa Hidalgo, Picacho, and Iturbide) is a village in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
22°27′N 100°42′W﻿ / ﻿22.450°N 100.700°W﻿ / 22.450; -100.700
# Focus Broadband

Focus Broadband (stylized as FOCUS Broadband), formerly Atlantic Telephone Membership Corporation (ATMC), is a member-owned, non-profit cooperative that provides telecommunications services in southeastern North Carolina. It is the largest member-owned cooperative in North Carolina and one of the largest in the United States.

## History

ATMC was founded in 1955 by citizens of Brunswick County who were without telephone service and was the tenth such cooperative organized in North Carolina. Using a $381,000 loan from the Rural Electrification Administration, many rural sections of the county received modern phone service for the first time. It added cable television service in the 1980s, becoming the first co-op in the state to provide TV to its members, and Internet in the 1990s. After receiving an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant, it expanded into parts of Columbus County in 2011; in 2019, the company obtained a new $25 million grant to lay fiber-optic cables to connect rural areas of that County.
In December 2021, ATMC announced it would change its name to Focus Broadband, reflecting a new emphasis on broadband as its primary service offering.
# Adrian Dixon

Adrian Kendal Dixon (born 1948) was the Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge until 30 June 2016. He is now closely involved in the University of Cambridge administration, both at home and abroad.
Dixon was educated at Uppingham and the University of Cambridge. In 2014 he was awarded the gold medal of the European Society of Radiology.

## Early life

Dixon was born in Cambridge, where he is now Emeritus Professor of Radiology at the University of Cambridge and Honorary Consultant Radiologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital. The son of a long-standing Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, Kendal Dixon, and the grandson of Henry Horatio Dixon, he was educated at Uppingham and King's College, Cambridge, where he studied medicine, graduating in 1969 before undertaking clinical medical studies at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.

## Career and Academia

Dixon pursued medicine in Nottingham, obtaining his MRCP in 1974 (proceeding FRCP 1991), before specialising in radiology. After periods in paediatric radiology at Great Ormond Street Hospital and in computed tomography (CT) at St Bartholomew's Hospital, he became a lecturer at the University of Cambridge's Department of Radiology in 1979. He was elected as a Fellow of Peterhouse in 1986. In 1994 he became a professor of radiology at the university, and remains Emeritus Professor and an Honorary Consultant Radiologist. He was appointed editor-in-chief of European Radiology in 2007, completing a 6-year term in 2013.

## Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge

He was elected Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge from 2008, stepping down from the position on 30 June 2016. He remains active within the University of Cambridge administration and is still closely involved with Peterhouse. Dixon is a Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR), the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP), the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) and the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci). In 2014 he was awarded the gold medal of the European Society of Radiology.
# Street Talk (song)

"Street Talk" is a song written by Lee Domann and Ralph Whiteway, and recorded by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in September 1983 as debut single and the first from her self-titled debut album. The song reached the top 30 of the American country chart and appeared on her self-titled debut album.

## Background and recording

Kathy Mattea would go on to have commercial success in the country music field during the late eighties and early nineties decades. Yet her initial recordings failed to reach the same amount of success. After recording several demo's Mattea was signed to the Mercury/PolyGram label in 1983 and she recorded her self-titled debut album during that time. Mattea's debut single was "Street Talk", which was composed by Lee Domann and Ralph Whiteway. The track was recorded the Music Mill and Sound Emporium studios, both located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were produced by Byron Hill and Rick Peoples.

## Release, chart performance and reception

"Street Talk" was released by Mercury/PolyGram in September 1983 as a vinyl single. It was backed on the B-side by the track, "Heartbeat". "Street Talk" first appeared on America's Billboard Hot Country Songs chart on October 8, 1983. It spent 18 weeks there before peaking at number 25 on December 24, 1983. The song was later included on Mattea's eponymous debut LP, which was released in 1984. In reviewing her debut LP, William Ruhlmann of AllMusic described "Street Talk" as "disco-tinged" tune that is "a fairly representative sampling of Nashville formula country writing, make the singer more of a victim and less of a feisty character than the woman who fought back against her bad reputation on her hit."

## Track listing

7" vinyl single
* "Street Talk" – 2:42
* "Heartbeat" – 3:16

## Charts

Chart performance for "Street Talk" :
| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 25 |
# Tom Dean (Gloucestershire cricketer)

Thomas Henry Dean (1 April 1881, Colesbourne, Gloucestershire – 30 November 1964, Bath, Somerset) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire.
Dean made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1908 season, against Surrey. Dean scored 11 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 4 runs in the second, in a match curtailed to just a single day's play.
# Tropisternus glaber

Tropisternus glaber is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It is found in North America.
# Taquari-Mirim River (Mato Grosso do Sul)

The Taquari-Mirim River is a river of Mato Grosso do Sul state in southwestern Brazil.
# Ambia melanistis

Ambia melanistis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917 and it is found in Taiwan.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are very dark red brown with a blackish tinge and with an antemedial white point on the costa and medial bar from the costa, there is also a slightly excurved punctiform white postmedial line from the costa to the discal fold, the line then almost obsolete and incurved below vein 4, with white points above and below vein 1. There is a metallic silvery patch before it between veins 3 and 1 and a small spot at the middle of the inner margin, as well as a curved punctiform white subterminal line. The hindwings are very dark red brown with a blackish tinge, the basal part of the costa is white. There is an antemedial white point on the inner margin and a small metallic silvery spot beyond the cell, as well as an oblique postmedial white band from the costa to vein 4 and a minute spot above the tornus. There is also a curved white subterminal line from the costa to the discal fold and a series of striae between the discal fold and vein 1. The termen is more rufous.
# W. P. Finney

William Porter Finney (April 14, 1871 – March 6, 1954) was an American college football player and coach. He was second head football coach at Iowa Agricultural College—now known as the Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, serving for one season, in 1893, and compiled a record of 0–3. Finney also coached Kentucky State College—now known as the University of Kentucky—in 1894, tallying a mark of 5–1.
Finney attended Purdue University, where he played on the football team from 1890 to 1893. He was the captain of the 1893 team and also won multiple letters in the sport.
Finney later relocated to California, where he was employed as a railway engineer.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Iowa Agricultural Cardinals (Independent) (1893) ||||||
| 1893 | Iowa Agricultural | 0–3 |
| Iowa Agricultural: | Iowa Agricultural: | 0–3 |
| Kentucky State College Blue and White (Independent) (1894) ||||||
| 1894 | Kentucky State College | 5–1 |
| Kentucky State College: | Kentucky State College: | 5–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 5–4 |
# Samarium(III) phosphide

Samarium(III) phosphide is an inorganic compound of samarium and phosphorus with the chemical formula SmP.

## Synthesis

Samarium(III) phosphide can be obtained by heating samarium and phosphorus:
       4 Sm + P$_4$ → 4 SmP

## Physical properties

Samarium(III) phosphide forms crystals of a cubic system, space group Fm3m, cell size a = 0.5760 nm, Z = 4, with a structure similar to sodium chloride NaCl.
The compound exists in the temperature range of 1315–2020 °C and has a homogeneity region described by the SmP$_{1÷0.982}$.

## Chemical properties

Samarium(III) phosphide readily dissolves in nitric acid.

## Uses

Samarium(III) phosphide compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes.
# Video de familia

Video de familia is an independent Cuban film made in 2001. It tells the story of a broken Cuban family with a homosexual son which has emigrated to the US. The film is composed of 5 shots of 10 minutes each, in the form of Video Letters. The film has won a number of awards in Cuba.

## Mise en Scene

Shot with a VHS camcorder in 5 long un-interrupted hand-held takes, the film consists of several video letters the Cuban family records for his exiled son.

## Awards

* Grand Prize for fictional work, 14° Encuentro Nacional de Video, La Habana, Cuba.
* FIPRESCI award, Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Screenplay Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Director, Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Film, Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Actor, Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Actress, Festival Cineplaza 2001, La Habana, Cuba.
* Best Director, Festival Caracol de la UNEAC. La Habana Cuba
* Grand Prize, Festival IMAGO, La Habana, Cuba
* Coral for Berst Short Film corto de ficción, 23rd Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano.
* Mégano Award from the National Federation of Cine Clubs at the 23rd Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano.
* Special Awards from OCIC en el 23rd Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano.
# Flex (programming language)

In computing, the FLEX language was developed by Alan Kay in the late 1960s while exploring ideas that would later evolve into the Smalltalk programming language.
# Ager (surname)

Ager is an Anglo Saxon and Danish surname, and it derived from the given name Agar. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Ager (born 1962), Canadian composer
* Cecelia Ager (1902–1981), American film critic
* Christina Ager (born 1995), Austrian Alpine skier
* Deborah Ager, American poet
* John Ager (born 1949), American politician
* Klaus Ager (born 1946), Austrian composer and conductor
* Maurice Ager (born 1984), American basketball player
* Maria Ager, Austrian chess master
* Milton Ager (1893–1979), American pianist and composer
* Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist born in Alsace
* Simon Ager (born 1970), British linguist and author of the online encyclopaedia Omniglot
* Waldemar Ager (1869–1941), Norwegian-American newspaperman and author

## Fictional characters

* Captain Ager and Lady Ager, characters in the 1617 play A Fair Quarrel
* William Ager, chief antagonist in M R James' 1925 ghost story A Warning to the Curious