# Timeline of Tongan history

This is a timeline of Tongan history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Tonga and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Tonga. See also the list of monarchs of Tonga and list of prime ministers of Tonga.

## Before 1st century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1200 BC | | The first Lapita settlers arrived in Tonga. |

## 1st to 10th centuries

| Year | Date | Event |
| 200 | | Explorers set out from Tonga, Samoa and Fiji to discover and settle eastern Polynesia. |
| 950 | | First named ruler of Tonga: 'Aho'eitu |

## 11th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1100 | | The Empire expanded under Tuʻi Tonga Momo to include Samoa and parts of Fiji. |

## 12th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1200 | | Muʻa became the capital of the Tongan Empire. |

## 13th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1250 | | Samoa rebelled and cast off Tongan rule, establishing the Malietoa dynasty in Samoa and marking the beginning of the Empire's decline. |
| 1300 | | The Ha'amonga 'a Maui was built during the rule of Tuʻi Tonga Tu'itatui. |

## 15th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1470 | | The Tongans were driven out of Wallis and Futuna. Tuʻi Tonga Kauʻulufonua I ceded temporal authority to his brother Moʻungāmotuʻa, replacing the Tuʻi Tonga dynasty with the Tu'i Ha'atakalaua dynasty. |

## 16th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1600 | | The Tuʻi Kanokupolu dynasty ascended. |

## 17th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1616 | April | Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire visited the Niuas |
| 1643 | January | Abel Tasman visited Tongatapu and Haʻapai. |
| 1650 | | Mataelehaʻamea, the Tu'i Kanokupolu, established the supremacy of his dynasty after a war against the Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua, Vaea. |

## 18th century

| Year | Event |
| 1773 | Captain James Cook first visited Tonga and referred to it as the "Friendly Islands". |
| 1774 | Cook returned. |
| 1777 | Cook met the Tu'i Kanokupolu, Tuʻihalafatai, on his third visit. |
| 1782 | Tuʻihalafatai renounced power and moved to Fiji. |
| 1793 | Tupoumoheofo, the first woman to hold the title Tu'i Kanokupolu, was overthrown by her cousin Tukuʻaho. |
| 1797 | The first Christian missionaries arrived from London. |

## 19th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1806 | | William Mariner began a sojourn in Tonga. |
| 1808 | | Tupoumālohi was appointed Tu'i Kanokupolu after a nine-year interregnum. |
| 1810 | | Mariner's sojourn ended. |
| 1820 | | Aleamotu'a took the throne as Tu'i Kanokupolu amidst ongoing conflict. |
| 1826 | | Aleamotu'a converted to Christianity and allowed Wesleyan missionaries to settle on Tongatapu. |
| 1831 | | Tāufaʻāhau I proclaimed himself King George Tupou I. |
| 1839 | | First written law in Tonga in the form of the Vavaʻu Code. Later revised in 1850 |
| 1845 | | George Tupou completed his conquest and unification of Tonga and moved the capital to Nukuʻalofa. |
| 1860 | | Shirley Waldemar Baker arrived in Tonga as a missionary |
| 1875 | | George Tupou I declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, emancipated all serfs and guaranteed freedom of the press and the rule of law. |
| 1880 | April | Shirley Waldemar Baker became prime minister to George Tupou I |
| 1893 | 18 February | George Tupou I died and was succeeded as king by George Tupou II. |
| 1900 | | A Treaty of Friendship was signed under which Tonga becomes a self-governing British protectorate. |
| 1900 | 13 March | Future Queen Sālote Tupou III is born. |
| 1901 | | Treaty of Friendship is ratified. |

## 20th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1918 | 5 April | George Tupou II died and was succeeded by Queen Sālote Tupou III. |
| 1965 | 16 December | Sālote Tupou died and was succeeded by King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV. |
| 1970 | July | Tonga regained full sovereignty and independence from the United Kingdom and joined the Commonwealth of Nations. |
| 1999 | 14 September | Tonga joined the United Nations. |

## 21st century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 2006 | 30 March | Feleti Sevele was appointed the first non-noble Prime Minister of Tonga since Shirley Baker in the 19th century. |
| 2006 | 11 September | Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV died and was succeeded as king by George Tupou V. |
| 2006 | 16 November | 2006 Nuku'alofa riots: Riots hit Nukuʻalofa, with protestors demanding a faster transition to democracy. Some rioters burned down and looted Chinese-owned shops and businesses. Eight looters died in a burning building. |
| 2006 | 17 November | George Tupou promised democratic legislative elections for 2008. |
| 2010 | 25 November | 2010 Tongan general election: An election produced a Parliament in which an absolute majority of representatives were elected by the people, and which had the power to select a Prime Minister. |
| 2012 | 18 March | George Tupou V died and was succeeded as king by Tupou VI. |
| 2014 | 27 November | 2014 Tongan general election: The Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands is able to form a government for the first time. Veteran pro-democracy campaigner ʻAkilisi Pohiva becomes Prime Minister. He is the first commoner to be elected Prime Minister by a predominantly elected Parliament. |
| 2021 | 20 December | 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami: Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai, a submarine volcano erupts. This causes tsunamis to hit from Tonga to Peru. |
| 2024 | 2 February | Tupou VI purportedly revoked the appointment of Siaosi Sovaleni as the armed forces minister and Fekitamoeloa ʻUtoikamanu as the minister of foreign affairs and tourism. |