OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# TLS

TLS may refer to:

## Computing

* Transport Layer Security, a cryptographic protocol for secure computer network communication
* Thread level speculation, an optimisation on multiprocessor CPUs
* Thread-local storage, a mechanism for allocating variables in computer science
* Transparent LAN Service, a transparent data link connecting remote Ethernet networks

## Media

* Theaterlexikon der Schweiz, an encyclopedia about theatre in Switzerland
* The Times Literary Supplement, a British weekly literary review
* Town Life Stuff, one of The Sims 3 Stuff packs

## Organisations

* Telstra (ASX code), an Australian telecommunications and media company
* Trans Link Systems B.V., a company delivering the OV-chipkaart system to public-transport operators in the Netherlands.
* Transmitter Location Systems, a US satellite radio interference geolocation company

### Education

* The Lindsey School, a secondary school in Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, England
* Tallinn Law School, in Estonia
* Torrey Life Science, a biology organization of the University of Connecticut, US
* Trinity Law School, in Santa Ana, California, US
* Trinity Lutheran School (disambiguation), several schools in the US
* Tulane University Law School, in New Orleans, Louisiana, US

## Science, medicine and technology

* Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory, in Tautenburg, Thuringia, Germany
* Terrestrial laser scanning, a 3D laser scanning method
* Total least squares, a statistical analysis
* Translesion synthesis, a form of DNA repair
* Transponder landing system, an airplane landing system
* Tumor lysis syndrome, a group of metabolic complications that can occur after treatment of cancer
* Tunable laser spectrometer, an instrument in the Mars rover suite Sample Analysis at Mars
* Two-level system, a quantum system

## Transport

* Thorpe-le-Soken railway station, Tendring, England (National Rail station code)
* Toulouse–Blagnac Airport (IATA code)

## Other uses

* East Timor (IOC code)
# Raffaele Conflenti

Raffaele Conflenti (4 December 1889 – 16 July 1946) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer. During his career, he worked for some of the most important seaplane manufacturers in Italy and designed a large number of aircraft including civil and military flying boats, record-breaking seaplanes and land trainers and fighters.

## Biography

Conflenti was born in Cosenza, then part of the Kingdom of Italy, on 4 December 1889. He graduated in engineering and in 1912 he started working for Società Italiana Transaerea (Italian Trans-Aeronautical Company, or SIT) in Turin. He then worked for Domenico Santoni's Società Costruzioni Aeronautiche Savoia (Savoia Aeronautical Works Company) in Milan and later he became the technical director of SIAI (Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia, Italian for Seaplane Company of Northern Italy), the company Santoni had founded in 1914 together with businessman Luigi Capè. SIAI was headquartered in Sesto Calende, on Lake Maggiore.
Conflenti, who had initially supervised the production of license-built Blériot, Maurice Farman and Henri Farman aircraft, now turned to FBA types. In 1917, however, his first original design—the SIAI S.8—made its maiden flight. Conflenti designed several other aircraft for SIAI before Santoni suddenly left SIAI and moved to Saint-Ouen, in the suburbs of Paris, where in 1921 he founded a new company named CAMS (Chantiers Aéro-Maritimes de la Seine, French for Aircraft and Shipping Yards of the Seine); Conflenti followed Santoni a few months later and became the technical director of CAMS. CAMS initially built SIAI aircraft under license, but Conflenti soon started designing new types of seaplanes, including record-breaking CAMS 30T and CAMS 36.
Conflenti left CAMS in 1923 and he went back to Italy, where he became the head designer of the newly founded aeronautical section of CNT (Cantiere Navale Triestino, Italian for Shipyard of Trieste), headquartered in Monfalcone. He held that position until 1932 (in the meantime, CNT had merged with Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino giving birth to Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico, or CRDA).
Between late 1932 and 1935 Conflenti worked for the Società Aerea Mediterranea (SAM) airline. In 1936 he started working for the Caproni group, where he collaborated with Giovanni Pegna; among his last designs were the Caproni Ca.164, Ca.165 and Ca.603.
Conflenti died in Cosenza on 16 July 1946.
# Wielki Staw

Wielki Staw (1,225 metres (4,019 ft), Polish for The Big Pond, Grosser Teich in German) - post glacial natural lake in the Krkonoše mountains, in western Poland. It is situated in the Karkonosze National Park at the bottom of the cirque, on the southern slope of the Smogornia mountain.
With its area of 8.3 hectares, it is the biggest glacial lake in the whole range. Its depth reaches 25 m, the shores are covered in subalpine species. Waters of the lake host rare species, some of them even extinct like Isoetes lacustris. Due to the regulations of a nature reserve, the object is closed and can be watched only from the top of the cirque. The place is accessible from the Polish–Czech Friendship Trail (red marks).
# Wilfried Böhm

Wilfried Böhm (born 9 February 1934) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

Böhm joined the CDU in 1959, joined the Junge Union (JU) and was district chairman of the JU North Hesse from 1962 to 1967. In the 1972 federal elections, Böhm was elected to the German Bundestag via the state list of the CDU Hessen, of which he was a member until 1994. He ran for office six times in the Hersfeld constituency. In the Bundestag he was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Inner-German Relations.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Thomas Boynton (MP)

Thomas Boynton (1523–1582), of Acklam and Barmston, Yorkshire, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Boroughbridge in 1571 and for Cumberland in 1572.
# Sick Bubblegum

"Sick Bubblegum" is a song by American rock singer Rob Zombie. It was written by Zombie and John 5, and released on October 3, 2009 as the second and final single from his fourth solo album Hellbilly Deluxe 2.

## Production

On October 3, 2009 at 9:31 AM, Zombie allowed others to preview the song by posting a link to it via his Twitter page. “Check out the new ZOMBIE track SICK BUBBLEGUM”.

## Release

It was released on January 8, 2010 over Roadrunner Records/Loud & Proud Records and on January 22, 2010 the video premiered at AOL Noiscreep. Skrillex has released a remix of the song, which can be found on some web sites.

## Credits

Music
* Rob Zombie – vocals
* John 5 – guitars
* Piggy D. – bass
* Tommy Clufetos – drums
# Douglas, Manitoba

Douglas is a settlement in Manitoba. It is located in the Rural Municipality of Elton.
# Yan Ruoqu

Yan Ruoqu (simplified Chinese: 阎若璩; traditional Chinese: 閻若璩; pinyin: Yán Ruòqú; Wade–Giles: Yen Jochü; November 11, 1636 – July 9, 1704) was an influential Chinese scholar of the early Qing dynasty. He was born to a scholarly family in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Yan Ruoqu is most famous for proving that the "Old Text" chapters of the Confucian classic Book of Documents were forgeries (see zh:尚書古文疏證). He also made observations and theories about the motions of the Moon and the planets.
Yan's work on the Classic of History was independently verified and praised by Hui Dong (1697-1758), the verification work was finished by him and Sun Xingyan.
Liang Qichao praised Yan as being "number one textual scholar of the recent 300 years" (approx. translation from the Chinese Wiki quote 不能不認為近三百年學術解放之第一功臣, unreferenced). As such, he became an important precursor of the Doubting Antiquity School.
# Will Pomerantz

William Pomerantz is Vice President of Special Projects at Virgin Orbit. He was part of the team that created Virgin Orbit while working at Virgin Galactic. He is the co-founder of the Brooke Owens Fellowship and a trustee of the United States Students for the Exploration and Development of Space organisation.

## Early life and education

Pomerantz was born in 1980 in Buffalo, New York. His parents are Sandra Pomerantz, a social worker and lawyer, and James Pomerantz, a cognitive psychologist. His step-mother is Mary McIntire, Dean of Continuing Studies at Rice University. Pomerantz studied Earth and planetary sciences at Harvard University. During his undergraduate degree he studied at the NASA Academy. He completed a master's degree at the International Space University, working in the Information, Communication and Space Technology group at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Pomerantz co-founded the website SpaceAlumni with Nicholas Skytland in 2004, a social media platform for young space professionals, acting as chief editor until 2007. He worked at Brown University as a planetary scientist, identifying surface features on Mars.

## Career

After graduate school Pomerantz joined Futron, an aerospace consultancy that eventually became acquired by Avascent.
In 2005 Pomerantz joined X Prize Foundation, acting as Director of Space Prizes. He was promoted to Senior Director of Space Projects and helped to create both the Google Lunar X Prize and Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge.
In 2010, Pomerantz contributed a chapter to the textbook Space Commerce. He joined Virgin Galactic in 2011 and was appointed vice president. He was determined to use the SpaceShipTwo to support educational and research payloads as well as space tourism.
He spoke at the 2013 TEDxPCC at the Expanding Horizons of Understanding event, where he discussed why humans explore space. Pomerantz led the effort to launch the LauncherOne, which allows people to launch small satellites from an air-launched system. He was the first employee of Virgin Orbit, which will 3D print rockets and engines for satellite launches.
His wife is the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineer Diana Trujillo.

### Public service and advocacy

He has advised the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and Federal Aviation Administration. He was a judge at the inaugural Mayor of Los Angeles Cup, an entrepreneurship challenge to improve Los Abgeles for citizens. He has written for HuffPost. Pomerantz is the chair of the Board of Advisors for the American organisation Students for the Exploration and Development of Space and on the advisory board for the Waypaver Foundation. He is on the editorial board of Room, the space journal.
In 2016, Pomerantz established the Brooke Owens Fellowship, a mentoring scheme which champions women in aerospace. The fellowships offer undergraduate women positions in the space sector and assigns them a personal mentor working in industry. He co-founded the fellowship with Lori Garver and Cassie Kloberdanz Lee.
# Wilhelm Gülich

Wilhelm Gülich (June 7, 1895 – April 15, 1960) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

Gülich was a member of the state parliament in Schleswig-Holstein from 1947 to 1950. There he represented the constituency of Lauenburg/Elbe. From 8 May 1947 to 28 August 1949, Gülich was chairman of the Landtag Committee for Constitution and Rules of Procedure.
From 1949 until his death in 1960, he was a member of the German Bundestag, where he was Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Finance and Taxation from 1953 to 1957.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# William Aston (disambiguation)

William Aston (1916–1997) was an Australian politician.
William Aston may also refer to:
* William Aston (Jesuit) (1735–1800), English Jesuit
* Bill Aston (1900–1974), British racing driver
* William George Aston (1841–1911), British scholar of Japan
* William Aston (Irish judge) (1613–1671), English-born barrister, politician and soldier
* William Aston (MP for Liskeard), see Liskeard
# Teen Sau Din Ke Baad

Teen Sau Din Ke Baad (transl. 300 Days Later) is a 1938 Indian social comedy film directed by Sarvottam Badami. The film was produced by Sagar Movietone, with story written by Babubhai A. Mehta and dialogue by Wajahat Mirza and Waqif. The music was composed by Anil Biswas with lyrics by Zia Sarhadi. The director of photography was Faredoon Irani and the film starred Bibbo, Motilal, Sabita Devi, Yakub, Pesi Patel and Gulzar. The film had Motilal playing the role of "a young bored millionaire", who due to his intemperate life-style starts falling ill. He bets with his doctor that he can go out in the world and manage to exist without his wealth.
This was Badami's first comedy film and it was a success at the box-office; he went on to direct two more comedies after this, Aap Ki Marzi (1939) and Ladies Only (1939), also successes.

## Plot

Sudhir (Motilal), a young millionaire is leading a dissipated life indulging in drinks, gambling and women due to sheer boredom. His health starts fading and after one such bout he faints. The doctor admonishes him regarding his life-style. He advises him against his fast life and suggests that he take to some physical labour, which the doctor is sure Sudhir will not be able to do. Sudhir takes up the challenge and decides to give up his home for three hundred days and live without using his wealth. He sets out into the world with nothing in his pocket. The challenges he faces and how he overcomes them are interspersed with a lot of humour and hard work as he tries to make a living. He finally ends up working in a soap factory where he falls in love with the typist Sharda (Sabita Devi). The boss Lakshmidas has a wife Ramola (Bibbo), who is attracted to Sudhir. When the boss faces problems with the factory, Sudhir anonymously sends money to help him out. Eventually the three hundred days are over, Sudhir now a healthy young man has won his bet with the doctor and a wife for himself.

## Cast

* Sabita Devi as Sharda
* Motilal as Sudhir
* Bibbo
* Yakub
* Sankatha Prasad
* Pesi Patel
* Pande
* Gulzar
* Yusuf
* Waskar
* Rukmini
* Piroj Wadkar

## Music

The music was composed by Anil Biswas and had lyrics written by Zia Sarhadi. Songs like "Ghar Apna Yeh Kursi Apni" and "Ik Tum Na Hui Toh Kya Hua" became extremely popular. There were nine songs in the film and the singers were Bibbo, Sabita Devi and Motilal.

### Song List

| # | Title | Singer |
| 1 | "Mat Neer Bahaa Chup Ho Jaa" | Bibbo |
| 2 | "Sundar Hoon Sakhi" | Bibbo |
| 3 | "Arrey Akeli Mat Jaiye Jamuna Ke Teer" | Bibbo |
| 4 | "Ek Tum Na Hui Toh Kya Hua" | Motilal |
| 5 | "Hun Sabko Sabse Jyada Khush Banaata Hai" | Chorus |
| 6 | "Koi Geet Manohar Nyaara Nit Gaaye" | Bibbo |
| 7 | "Mad Ki Bud Peeli Peeli" | Motilal |
| 8 | "Sundar Hoon Sakhi" | Bibbo |
| 9 | "Mangal Aarti Priya Pritam Ki" | Chorus |
# Taboose Pass

Taboose Pass, 11,417 ft (3,480 m), also known as Wide Gap, is a mountain pass in the southern Sierra Nevada, California on the border of the Inyo National Forest (John Muir Wilderness) to the east and Kings Canyon National Park to the west. The pass is reachable from the east via a long, strenuous hike from the desert floor of the Owens Valley. On the west, it connects to the Pacific Crest Trail/John Muir Trail in the National Park.
Taboose Pass is one of the more difficult Eastern Sierra passes in the Sierra Nevada range, partly due to the low starting elevation of the Owens Valley Trailhead in a desert floor, at 5,500 feet. From the trailhead it is an 8-mile hike, gaining 6,000 feet over that distance to reach the pass at 11,400 feet. Some notable peaks near Taboose Pass include: Split Mountain (the southernmost fourteener in the Palisades group), Cardinal Mountain, Crater Mountain, Goodale Mountain, Mount Ickes, Marion Peak, Mount Pinchot, Mount Ruskin, Striped Mountain, Striped South, Vennacher Needle, White Mountain (at 12,828', not to be confused with the California fourteener with the same name), and Mount Wynne.
# RS Sjøfareren

RS Sjøfareren is the largest lifeboat in use by the Norwegian organization Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue.

## History

Sjøfareren (meaning The Sea Farer) was built at the Smedvik Mekaniske Verksted A/S in Tjørvåg and launched in 1968.
During the period 1971–1978, she was equipped with a much more powerful radar than was standard in this type of boat. Out of the eleven men that served aboard the boat in that period, seven developed cancer and died of it (the last died in 2005). It is speculated that it was the increased radiation from the radar that caused it, similar to the later HNoMS Kvikk. During the period, Sjøfareren operated in the waters between Svalbard and Jan Mayen, which has led to speculations that it was used as a spy ship to gather intelligence of Soviet Navy movements. This has been rejected by both the Norwegian Intelligence Service as well as the Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue.
In the late 1980s, Sjøfareren was leased and repainted for use by the Norwegian Coast Guard as a fishery inspection vessel. It was only in April 2002 that she again was painted in the traditional colours of the Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue.

## Resources

* (in Norwegian) Dagbladet, "Seven out of eleven got cancer"
* (in Norwegian) Dagbladet, Sjøfareren was not conducting intelligence missions
* (in Norwegian) Redningsselskapet, RS Sjøfareren back in our colours
* This naval article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# White Music (disambiguation)

White Music is the 1978 debut album by XTC.
White Music may also refer to:
* White Music (Crack the Sky album)
* White Music (SCH album)
* White Music, a Thai record label
# Thomas Hastie Bell

Thomas Hastie Bell (1867–1942) was a Scottish anarchist. He was born in Edinburgh in 1867.
Rudolf Rocker describes him as six feet (1.8 metres) tall, red-haired with a bushy beard in his later years.
In his youth he was a member of the Scottish Land and Labour League and in the 1880s through involvement with the Socialist League became an anarchist.
While in Paris, he urged anarchists in France for an open-air meeting and distributed handbills. In Place de la République in a Sunday, amidst a big crowd and policemen, he climbed up a lamp-post and gave a speech. The police threatened him with prosecution for "insults to the Army and the law", but the authorities were not inclined to prosecute him. After two weeks in jail he was expelled as "too dangerous a man to be allowed loose in France".
On the visit of Tsar Nicholas II to Leith on Tuesday 22 September 1896, Bell got through to the Tsar's carriage and shouted in his face "Down with the Russian tyrant! To hell with all the empires!" Again the British authorities decided not to prosecute him, because a Scottish jury would probably throw out any charges.
In 1898 Bell left for London and was involved with the Freedom group there.
Bell moved to New York in 1904 living with anarchist Charles B. Hooper and moving with his wife Lizzie Turner Bell and daughter Marion Bell, to Arizona in 1910.
Bell was a well known anarchist who had friendships with Emma Goldman, Rudolf Rocker and Peter Kropotkin. Bell was also a close friend of Oscar Wilde.
Emma Goldman described Bell as "of whose propagandistic zeal and daring we had heard much in America".
Bell died in 1942 aged 75.

## Publications

* Edward Carpenter: The English Tolstoi. Los Angeles: Libertarian Group. 1932.
* Oscar Wilde: Sus Amigos, Sus Adversarios, Sus Ideas (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Americalee. 1946.
# Tiruvarur Vaidyanathan

Tiruvarur Vaidyanathan (திருவாரூர் வைத்தியநாதன்) is a mridangam artist born 11 May 1963 in Tiruvarur, India to a family of mridangam artists.

## Awards and honors

* South Asian Arts and cultural Organisation's Vadyari award for promoting Indian Carnatic Music in Canada.
* Sangeet Natal Akademi Award 2018
# Tinnunculite

Tinnunculite is a naturally-occurring form of dihydrate of uric acid. It should not be confused with a proposed mineral species with the identical name 'Tinnunculite', that forms when droppings from a European kestrel react with the burning dumps of coal mines and quarries. The name tinnunculite is derived from the kestrel's binomial name, "Falco tinnunculus", which is itself derived from the Latin word tinnunculus, meaning "kestrel", from tinnulus, meaning "shrill". Tinnunculite is a naturally occurring form of the same type of origin.
The mineral is a dihydrate of uricite to which it is visually very similar. Tinnunculite is chemically similar to other organic minerals: guanine, uricite; also acetamide, kladnoite. A new mineral proposal with the same name but slightly different formula (C$_{10}$H$_{12}$N$_8$O$_8$) was submitted by Chesnokov & Shcherbakova and ultimately rejected by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) on the basis of being of anthropogenic origin.

## Localities

Russia: Mount Rasvumchorr, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region.
# Titanium sulfide

The titanium sulfides are a class of chemical compounds comprising titanium and sulfur in varying stoichiometries. They include:
* Titanium(II) sulfide, a rare mineral
* Titanium(III) sulfide, a refractory
* Titanium(IV) sulfide, used in batteries or other electrochemical cells
* Titanium "trisulfide", technically a mixed-valence sulfide and disulfide salt
# Titanium tetraiodide

Titanium tetraiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI$_4$. It is a black volatile solid, first reported by Rudolph Weber in 1863. It is an intermediate in the van Arkel–de Boer process for the purification of titanium.

## Physical properties

TiI$_4$ is a rare molecular binary metal iodide, consisting of isolated molecules of tetrahedral Ti(IV) centers. The Ti-I distances are 261 pm. Reflecting its molecular character, TiI$_4$ can be distilled without decomposition at one atmosphere; this property is the basis of its use in the van Arkel–de Boer process. The difference in melting point between TiCl$_4$ (m.p. -24 °C) and TiI$_4$ (m.p. 150 °C) is comparable to the difference between the melting points of CCl$_4$ (m.p. -23 °C) and CI$_4$ (m.p. 168 °C), reflecting the stronger intermolecular van der Waals bonding in the iodides.
Two polymorphs of TiI$_4$ exist, one of which is highly soluble in organic solvents. In the less soluble cubic form, the Ti-I distances are 261 pm.

## Production

Three methods are well known: 1) From the elements, typically using a tube furnace at 425 °C:
       Ti + 2 I$_2$ → TiI$_4$
This reaction can be reversed to produce highly pure films of Ti metal.
2) Exchange reaction from titanium tetrachloride and HI.
       TiCl$_4$ + 4 HI → TiI$_4$ + 4 HCl
3) Oxide-iodide exchange from aluminium iodide.
       3 TiO$_2$ + 4 AlI$_3$ → 3 TiI$_4$ + 2 Al$_2$O$_3$

## Reactions

Like TiCl$_4$ and TiBr$_4$, TiI$_4$ forms adducts with Lewis bases, and it can also be reduced. When the reduction is conducted in the presence of Ti metal, one obtains polymeric Ti(III) and Ti(II) derivatives such as CsTi$_2$I$_7$ and the chain CsTiI$_3$, respectively.
TiI$_4$ exhibits extensive reactivity toward alkenes and alkynes resulting in organoiodine derivatives. It also effects pinacol couplings and other C-C bond-forming reactions.