OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ultimate oscillator

The ultimate oscillator is a theoretical concept in finance developed by Larry Williams as a way to account for the problems experienced in most oscillators when used over different lengths of time.
The oscillator is a technical analysis indicator based on a notion of buying or selling "pressure" represented by where a day's closing price falls within the day's true range.
The calculation starts with "buying pressure", which is the amount by which the close is above the "true low" on a given day. The true low is the lesser of the given day's trading low and the previous close.
    $bp=close-\min(low,prev\,close)$
The true range (the same as used in average true range) is the difference between the "true high" and the true low above. The true high is the greater of the given day's trading high and the previous close.
    $tr=\max(high,prev\,close)-\min(low,prev\,close)$
The total buying pressure over the past 7 days is expressed as a fraction of the total true range over the same period. If $bp_{1}$ is today, $bp_{2}$ is yesterday, etc., then
    $avg_{7}={bp_{1}+bp_{2}+\cdots +bp_{7} \over tr_{1}+tr_{2}+\cdots +tr_{7}}$
The same is done for the past 14 days and past 28 days and the resulting three ratios combined in proportions 4:2:1, and scaled to make a percentage 0 to 100. The idea of the 7-, 14- and 28-day periods is to combine short, intermediate and longer time frames.
    $UltOsc=100\times {4\times avg_{7}+2\times avg_{14}+avg_{28} \over 4+2+1}$
Williams had specific criteria for a buy or sell signal. A buy signal occurs when,
* Bullish divergence between price and the oscillator is observed, meaning prices make new lows but the oscillator doesn't
* During the divergence the oscillator has fallen below 30.
* The oscillator then rises above its high during the divergence, i.e. the high in between the two lows. The buy trigger is the rise through that high.
The position is closed when the oscillator rises above 70 (considered overbought), or a rise above 50 but then a fallback through 45.
A sell signal is generated conversely on a bearish divergence above level 70, to be subsequently closed out below 30 (as oversold).
# Raczki

Raczki may refer to:
* Raczki, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Raczki, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Raczki, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Rączki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Rączki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Racy (album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 69/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 6.4/10 |
Racy is the second studio album by American rock band Hooray for Earth. It was released in July 2014 under Dovecote Records.
# Raffaele Ciferri

Raffaele Ciferri (30 May 1897, Fermo – 12 February 1964, Pavia) was an Italian botanist, agriculturalist and mycologist.
He studied agricultural sciences at the University of Bologna. From 1925 to 1932, he was based in the Dominican Republic, where he helped establish an experimental agricultural station in Santiago de los Caballeros for studies of cassava. While in Latin America, he also conducted research of diseases affecting cacao in Ecuador. In 1934–35 he was stationed in Italian Somaliland, performing organizational work involving agrarian services.
In 1936 he was appointed professor of botany to the faculty of agriculture in Florence, and from 1942 onward, served as a professor of botany at the University of Pavia.
A prolific writer, he was the author of well over 1000 published works on subjects that included mycology, plant pathology and physiology, microbiology, virology, lichenology, the systematics of cultivated plants, agronomy, and the history of botany. Ciferri issued the exsiccata Mycoflora Domingensis exsiccata. The ambrosia fungus genus Raffaelea is named in his honor, as are multiple species with the epithet ciferrii.
Together with mycologist Ruggero Tomaselli, Ciferri published 215 alternative names for the fungal component (the mycobiont) of lichens; most of these ended in the suffix -myces. The vast majority of these names were later determined to be formally illegitimate according to nomenclatural rules.

## Selected works

* "Micoflora Domingensis", 1929.
* I Cereali dell'Africa Italiana, 1939 – Cereals of Italian Africa.
* Fisiologia vegetale e piante agrarie, 1943 – Plant physiology and agricultural plants.
* Manuale di patologia vegetale, 1952 – Manual of plant physiology.
* "Thesaurus literaturae mycologicae et lichenologicae", 1957.
* Manuale di micologia medica, 1958 – Manual of medical mycology.
* "Bibliographia mycopathologica, 1800-1940", 1958.
* Il cacao e la sua evoluzione, 1963 – Cacao and its evolution.
# Rafael Mateos

Rafael Mateos (born 23 February 1976) is a Spanish racing cyclist. He rode in the 2000 Tour de France.
# Rad am Ring

The Rad am Ring is a cycle racing festival held annually at the Nürburgring in Germany since 2003. It features road cycling and mountain bike races, including 24-hour races for each, and a cycling exposition.
Since 2016 it features a professional road race, also known in 2016 as the Rudi Altig Race, named after German cyclist Rudi Altig who won his Road Race World Championship at the Nürburgring and died shortly before the race. The first two editions were a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour; since 2018 it is part of the German Bundesliga.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2016 | Germany | Paul Voss | Bora–Argon 18 |
| 2017 | Netherlands | Huub Duyn | Vérandas Willems–Crelan |
| 2018 | Luxembourg | Pit Leyder | Leopard Pro Cycling |
| 2019 | Germany | Christopher Hatz | Herrmann Radteam |
| 2020– 2021 | No race | No race | No race |
| 2022 | Germany | Tom Lindner | P&S Benotti |
| 2023 | Germany | Jack Morrissey | Equipe Stuttgart-Vaihingen |
| 2024 | Germany | Miguel Heidemann | Team Felt–Felbermayr |
# Unihertz Atom

The Unihertz Atom was released in 2018 as Unihertz's second smartphone model after the Jelly. Initially launched through a similar kickstarter project that reached its $50,000 goal in only 60 seconds. It features a 2.45-inch display, very small by industry standards, and at 108 grams (plus battery) is also very lightweight. It has a dedicated push to talk (PTT) button on its side.

## Background

Unihertz Atom was marketed as "the ultimate rugged phone for outdoor adventures". Unihertz was associated with a previous very small 3G smartphone, the Posh Micro X, which launched in 2015. Reviews of Jelly and Jelly Pro, the "world's smallest 4G smartphone" have been mixed, but it drew international attention.

## Specifications
### Software

| | Software |
| Operating System | Android 8.1 "Oreo" |
| Processor | Mediatek MT6763 (Helio P23) Octa-core, 2 GHz |
| Storage | 64 GB with no microSD slots |
| RAM | 4 GB |
| Sensors | G-Sensor, Glonass GPS, Proximity, E-compass, Gyro, NFC |
| Connectivity | 4G LTE, Bluetooth 4.2 low energy WLAN 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz), dual removable Nano-SIM |

### Hardware

| | Hardware |
| Display | 2.45" 432x240, TFT LCD |
| Glass | Impact resistant front and rear Corning Gorilla Glass |
| Rear camera | 16 MP |
| Front camera | 8 MP |
| Audio | Dual purpose speaker |
| Battery | 2,000 mAh non-removable battery |
| SIM | Removable Dual Nano-SIM |
| Size | 97 x 45 x 19 mm |
| Weight | 108 grams |
| Colors | Black |

## Controversies

There have been accusations of poor battery performance, and network traffic possibly sending personal data to China. Responses claim the network traffic is to speed up apps, and the company has been updating the phone software to improve performance. It is not known whether this is connected to similar widespread problems, but the predecessor Posh Micro X was also criticized for running suspect software fotaprovider by adups, and the Jelly Pro does as well.
# Unihan (disambiguation)

Unihan is an effort by Unicode/ISO 10646 to map Han characters into a single set, ignoring regional variations.
Unihan may also refer to:
* Unihan Database, a web data file maintained by the Unicode Consortium
* UniHan IME, an input method based on the IIIMF framework
* Unihan font, a Unicode font developed by Ross Paterson in 1993
* UNIHAN, Leibniz University Hannover
* Unihan Corporation, Taiwanese contract manufacturer (but an old name for Pegatron)
# Raghav Lal Baidya

Raghav Lal Baidya (Nepali:राघबलाल बैद्य) is the Attorney General of Nepal. He was previously a judge in the Janakpur Appellate Court. Baidya was appointed to Attorney General on August 21, 2008, by President Ram Baran Yadav upon the recommendation by Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal.
# Radkowice-Kolonia

Radkowice-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Pawłów, 10 km (6 mi) south of Starachowice, and 31 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Raghunatha Tondaiman II

Raja Sri Raghunatha Tondaiman Bahadur (c. 1798 – 13 July 1839) was the ruler of the princely state of Pudukkottai from 4 June 1825 to 13 July 1839.

## Early life

Raghunatha Tondaiman was born in 1798 to Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman, Raja of Pudukkottai kingdom, and his second wife, Rani Ayi Ammani Ayi Sahib Avargal in Pudukkottai and was educated by a private tutor. Raghunatha was the youngest of two sons of Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman who survived him. Raghunatha Tondaiman succeeded to the throne on the premature death of his elder brother Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II in June 1825.

## Reign

Raghunatha Tondaiman reigned for 14 years from his coronation on 20 July 1825. His reign was largely uneventful. In 1837, Raghunatha Tondaiman suggested a scheme to bring Cauvery River water into Pudukkottai state but could not execute it due to lack of funds. Raghunatha Tondaiman was permitted the style "His Excellency" on 2 April 1830 along with a 17-gun salute.

## Family

Raghunatha was married twice, first in 1812, to a daughter of M.R.Ry. Sri Suryamurti Panrikondran, of Kallakurichi. Later he married Rani Kamalambal Ayi Sahib. The couple had two sons and two daughters.
* Rajkumari Periya Rajammani Bayi Sahib (died 1836)
* Rajkumari Chinna Rajammani Bayi Sahib (died 1840)
* Ramachandra Tondaiman (1829–1886)
* Thirumalai Tondaiman (1831–1871)
# Raghunathan Srianand

Raghunathan Srianand (born February 1, 1969) is an Indian cosmologist, astrophysicist and a scientist at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA). Known for his research on redshift evolution on the cosmic microwave background radiation, Srianand is a member of the International Astronomical Union and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.
Focusing his work on observational and theoretical astrophysics, he is known to have assisted in widening the understanding of the bounds on the variation of fundamental constants using the absorption line spectra of quasars. High-z proto-galaxies, time and space variation of fundamental constants, redshift evolution of the CMB temperature and formation and evolution of IGM have been some of the areas of his research. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and Google Scholar, an online article repository of scientific articles, has listed 306 of them. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2008.

## Selected bibliography

* S. Muzahid, Jane C. Charlton, Daisuke Nagai, Joop Schaye, R. Srianand (2017). "Discovery of an HI-rich Gas Reservoir in the Outskirts of SZ-effect Selected Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 846 (1): L8. arXiv:1708.02600. Bibcode:2017ApJ...846L...8M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa8559. S2CID 118943294.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* R. Dutta, R. Srianand, Neeraj Gupta, Ravi Joshi (2017). "H i 21-cm absorption from z ∼ 0.35 strong Mg ii absorbers". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (1): 1029–1037. arXiv:1703.00457. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468.1029D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx538. S2CID 119069958.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* M. Vivek, R. Srianand, N. Gupta (2015). "Transient C IV Broad Absorption Lines in radio detected QSOs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (1): 136–149. arXiv:1509.08471. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.455..136V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2240. S2CID 118700592.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
# Underground Officials' Association

The Underground Officials' Association (UOA) was a trade union representing supervisors in the mining industry in South Africa.
The union was founded in 1918. It accepted only white workers, and prided itself on not operating a closed shop and never holding a strike. It registered with the Government of South Africa in 1924. By 1980, it had 14,462 members, and that year, it began accepting all workers holding supervisory positions in the mines.
In 1983, the union finally agreed with the government to open all mining supervisory positions to non-white workers. By 1985, it had affiliated to the Federation of Salaried Staff Associations. It had obtained a closed shop agreement, but deputy general secretary Koos Bezuidenhout believed that this would not endure, and that it should merge with other unions in the industry. General secretary Rennier de Waal opposed the idea, but despite this, the African Explosives Company Incorporated Staff Association, and the Industrial Salaried Staff Association, merged in, and the union renamed itself as the Officials' Association of South Africa (OASA).
On 1 April 1998, the union merged with the Administrative, Technical and Electronic Association of South Africa, to form the United Association of South Africa.
# Universitario de Ferrol

Club Universitario de Ferrol, also known as Baxi Ferrol for sponsorship reasons, is a women's professional Basketball team based in Ferrol, Spain. The team currently plays in the top tier of the Spanish League.

## Season by season

| Season | Tier | Division | Pos. | Copa de la Reina |
| 1997–98 | 3 | 2ª División | | |
| 1998–99 | 3 | 2ª División | 3rd | |
| 1999–00 | 2 | 1ª División | 14th | |
| 2000–01 | 2 | 1ª División | 13th | |
| 2001–02 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 8th | |
| 2002–03 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 9th | |
| 2003–04 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 5th | |
| 2004–05 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 1st | |
| 2005–06 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 14th | |
| 2006–07 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 2nd | |
| 2007–08 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 10th | |
| 2008–09 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 4th | |
| 2009–10 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 8th | |
| 2010–11 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 6th | |
| 2011–12 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 5th | |
| 2012–13 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 3rd | |
| 2013–14 | 2 | Liga Femenina 2 | 1st | |
| 2014–15 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 11th | |
| 2015–16 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 9th | |
| 2016–17 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 3rd | Quarterfinalist |
| 2017–18 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 4th | Quarterfinalist |
| 2017–18 | 1 | Liga Femenina | 14th | |
| 2019-20 | | Liga Femenina 2 | | |
* ↑ Invited to promote thanks a vacant place.
* ↑ Achieved a place in the newly created Liga Femenina 2.
* ↑ Promoted to Liga Femenina after achieving a vacant place.
# United States Senate Committee on the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries

The United States Senate Committee on the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries was established in 1879 to replace the Select Committee on the Levee System of the Mississippi River (1870–1879) and oversaw the activities of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the Mississippi River Commission. The committee was abolished in 1921.
The Committee was at various times called the Committee on the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries, the Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River, and the Committee on the Improvement of the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries.

## Chairmen

* 1881–1883: Charles Henry Van Wyck (R-Nebraska)
* 1895–1909: Knute Nelson (R-Minnesota)
* 1911–1913: Robert Latham Owen (D-Oklahoma)
* 1913–1919: Albert Baird Cummins (R-Iowa)
# Radian (EP)

Radian is the debut EP album by Portuguese singer Ana Free. It was released on February 9, 2010, in the U.S. and its lead single was "Questions in My Mind", released a week after.

## Writing and composition

The EP contains five songs, several of which are Ana Free's most popular original songs on YouTube. Ana Free wrote the songs, which were then arranged and recorded by her producer.

## Recording and production

Ana Free recorded her songs with producer Blake Brandes of Decrypt Productions in London.

## Release and promotion

The EP has been physically and digitally released in the U.S. on February 9, 2010. To promote the album, Ana Free performed launch concerts in New York and Miami, with upcoming concerts scheduled in Portugal and the UK.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| CDBaby | |
| Universe | |
Simon Maher from CDBaby gave the album a rating of 5 out of 5 stars and commented: "The professional recording debut EP of an aspiring Portuguese music artist, Ana Free, is a pleasant surprise. Ana Free's EP is an extremely impressive debut and it leaves you eagerly awaiting the release of her forthcoming album. This 5 track EP clocks in at a little over seventeen minutes. As the old saying goes, always take quality over quantity. These 5 tracks definitely have the quality. Judging by her debut, Ana Free is definitely one I expect to hear a lot more from in the near future". R. Freitas from Universe gave the album a rating of 4 out of 5 stars saying: "Some songs like "Questions In My Mind" or "Chained", show a mild calm and serene sounding, with well-structured complex original lyrics, as well as the other new songs. this album is a great original".

## Singles

* "Questions in My Mind" has been released as the lead single of the album on February 17, 2010. A music video has been produced for it.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format |
| U.S. | February 9, 2010 | Ana Free | CD Digital download |
| Europe | | Ana Free | CD Digital download |
| Portugal | | Ana Free | CD Digital download |

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Portuguese Albums Chart | 2 |
# USS Cohasset (1860)

USS Cohasset was a tugboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy for various purposes: as a tugboat, dispatch vessel, escort vessel, and even as a gunboat.
Cohasset — a tug originally called E. D. Fogg and later Narragansett — was built in 1860 at Providence, Rhode Island; purchased by the Navy on 13 September 1861; outfitted at New York Navy Yard; delivered at Hampton Roads, Virginia on 26 October 1861; and assigned to duty with the Atlantic Blockading Squadron.

## Assigned to the Atlantic Blockade

From 26 October 1861-July 1864, Cohasset sailed in the Norfolk, Virginia, area and in the rivers of Virginia as a picket and dispatch boat, carried mail and supplies, towed coal barges, acted as guard for Minnesota, and shared in the fighting in the York, James, and Nansemond Rivers.

## Providing harbor defense

Ordered to Beaufort, North Carolina in July 1864, Cohasset was used for harbor defense and towing until 1 October 1864, when she returned to Norfolk for duty towing coal barges in the James River.

## Post-Civil War activity

Cohasset arrived at Boston Navy Yard on 1 June 1865. She served as yard tug there until 1882, when she was transferred to Newport, Rhode Island.
Cohasset was sold on 9 May 1892 at Newport, Rhode Island.
# Storhøi (Lesja)

Storhøi is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,867-metre (6,125 ft) tall mountain lies about 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) northeast of the village of Lesjaskog. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Vangshøi and Merratind which are about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the southeast, Blåhøi which is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the south-southeast, and Svarthøi which is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest.
# Slide (The Big Dish song)

"Slide" is a song by Scottish pop band The Big Dish, which was released in 1986 as the second single from their debut studio album Swimmer. The song was written by Steven Lindsay and produced by Ian Ritchie.
With its original 1986 release, "Slide" failed to reach the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, stalling at number 147. A reissue saw the single peak at number 86 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1987.

## Music video

The song's music video was directed by Larry Williams and produced by Leslie Libman and Francine Moore. It achieved light rotation on MTV.

## Critical reception

On its release as a single, Jerry Smith of Music Week described "Slide" as "another well written number, but although polished and worthy of attention, does lack the pop dynamics of their two previous, brilliant, singles". He described the Big Dish as "promising" and "certainly a band to watch for in the future". Paul Henderson of Kerrang! wrote, "Definitely a very classy sound. Simple song, simple bass line but a great feel. Reminds me a bit of Tom Robinson's 'War Baby'. Single of the week – definitely." John Waite, as a guest reviewer in the same issue of the magazine, was also positive, stating, "Oh yes! Good groove. It's a hit. Good singer, great choice of notes, he 'bends around' the song. Great stuff." Paul Benbow of the Reading Evening Post considered it to be "big production pop just right for Radio 1". Paul Massey of the Aberdeen Evening Express stated, "One of the UK's most underrated bands come up with another song that reaches out and demands attention: rather mournful but deserving of success."
As the band's US debut single, Billboard wrote, "Highly touted Scottish band offers a graceful reworking of the "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" groove, with attractive baritone vocal, tidy arrangement, and soaring chorus." Cash Box considered "Slide" to be an "emotionally rendered pop song with jazzy overtones" and a "promising debut". In a review of Swimmer, Brant Houston of the Hartford Courant described "Slide" as a track that "provides [a] big, open sound for a summer's day of lounging on the lawn".

## Track listing
### 7" single

* "Slide" – 3:58
* "Reverend Killer" – 3:59

### 7" single (US promo)

* "Slide" (Edit) – 3:58
* "Slide" (Edit) – 3:58

### 12" single

* "Slide" (Extended Version) – 5:58
* "Reverend Killer" – 3:59
* "Presence" – 3:38

### 12" single (US promo)

* "Slide" (LP Version) – 5:06
* "Slide" (Edit) – 3:58

## Personnel

The Big Dish
* Steven Lindsay – vocals, guitar, keyboards
* Brian McFie – lead guitar, second guitar
* Raymond Docherty – bass
Production
* Ian Ritchie – producer and programming on "Slide"
* Chris Sheldon – engineer on "Slide" and "Reverend Killer"
* Paul Hardiman – producer on "Reverend Killer"
* Glyn Johns – producer on "Presence"
Other
* Gary Wathen – art direction
* Red Ranch – design
* Heather Angel – photography

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 86 |