OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1706 in science

The year 1706 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Mathematics

* William Jones publishes Synopsis palmariorum matheseos or, A New Introduction to the Mathematics, Containing the Principles of Arithmetic and Geometry Demonstrated in a Short and Easie Method ... Designed for ... Beginners in which he
** proposes using the symbol π (the Greek letter pi, as an abbreviation for perimeter) to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
** introduces John Machin's quickly converging inverse-tangent series for π (pi), enabling it to be computed to 100 decimal places.

## Technology

* Francis Hauksbee produces his 'Influence machine' to generate static electricity.

## Publications

* Johann Jakob Scheuchzer begins publication in Zürich of his Beschreibung der Naturgeschichten des Schweitzerlands giving an account of the natural history and geology of Switzerland.
* Giovanni Battista Morgagni publishes Adversaria anatomica, the first in a series in which he describes his observations of human anatomy.

## Births

* January 17 – Benjamin Franklin, American scientist and inventor, known for his experiments with electricity (died 1790)
* January 28 – John Baskerville, English printer and inventor (died 1775)
* February 11 – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Swedish pediatrician (died 1773)
* May 12 – François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, French physician and botanist (died 1767)
* June 10 – John Dollond, English optician (died 1761)
* December 17 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (died 1749)
* Date unknown – Giuseppe Asclepi, Italian astronomer and physicist (died 1776)

## Deaths

* June 15 – Giorgio Baglivi, Italian physician (born 1668)
* August 6 – Jean-Baptiste Du Hamel, French scientist, philosophe (born 1624)
* Date unknown – Jean Le Fèvre, French astronomer (born 1652)
* Date unknown – Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (born 1660)
# 16 de Abril

16 de Abril is the Cuban Journal of Medical Students. It was created in 1961 as a political magazine for medical students in the medicine school of University of Havana. According to some founders, the magazine was conceived during a public speech of the Cuban president Fidel Castro on April 16, 1961, and published for first time in the summer of the same year. Among the founders of the magazine are Julio Tejas, Daniel Inclan, and Jose Fernandez.
After 1964 the magazine changed its style adding more scientific content and gradually cutting of the political content. In 1984, under the guidance of former director Dr. Liliana Pereira, the magazine expanded its coverage to all the medical students in Cuba and it also experienced an economic boom.
During almost 40 years the magazines was distributed to medical students and professionals in Cuba. Under the guidance of former director, Dagoberto Semanat, the magazine introduced its first website, made by the Peruvian-Cuban Carlos Erick Oyola Valdizán. After the economical crisis in Cuba in the 90's, the Journal changed to a digital format. Due to the lack of economic resources and political problems, the journal lost its momentum.
Former director Rodolfo Soca Pasaron led an important movement to re-introduce the journal into the national scene. Under his direction and during the first years of the century, the journal became the reference institution for Scientific Research for medical students.
16 de Abril publishes original articles for Cuban medical students and has some control over scientific events. It is directed and edited by Kenia Alvarez.
# 16 Acres

16 Acres is a 2012 documentary film directed by Richard Hankin which provides an account of the recovery effort following the September 11 attacks, specifically the reconstruction process of the World Trade Center site. The name of the documentary refers to the 16 acres of land that the site is on.
It features interviews with Michael Bloomberg, George Pataki, Chris Ward, Larry Silverstein, Daniel Libeskind, David Childs, Michael Arad, Janno Lieber, Roland Betts, Rosaleen Tallon, and Scott Raab.
# 1595 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1595 in the Kingdom of Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – James VI

## Births

* Sir Alexander Falconer, 1st Lord Falconer of Halkerton

## Deaths

* 15 September – John MacMorran, Baillie of Edinburgh, killed by rioting schoolchildren
* 3 October – John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane
* Mary Sutherland, wife of King Caudle of Cawdor
# 1669 in art

Events from the year 1669 in art.

## Events

* Following the fall of Crete to the Ottomans, the Heptanese School, also known as the Ionian Islands' School, succeeds the Cretan school as the leading school of Greek post-Byzantine painting.

## Paintings

* Bartolomé Esteban Murillo - Return of the Prodigal Son
* Pierre Prieur – Portrait miniatures of King Charles II of England and Lady Castlemaine
* Jan Vermeer – The Geographer

## Births

* September 21 - Pietro Ercole Fava, Italian nobleman and art patron (died 1744)
* December 16 - Arnold Boonen, Dutch portrait painter (died 1729)
* date unknown
** Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter (died 1732)
** Giovanni Antonio Capello, Italian painter, active in Brescia (died 1741)
** Alessio Erardi, Maltese painter (died 1727)
** Antonio Filocamo, Italian painter at various churches and oratories in Messina (died 1743)
** Bartolomeo Letterini, Venetian painter (died 1731)
** Angelo Trevisani, Italian painter active mainly in Venice (died 1753)
** Pierre Le Ber, painter from Montreal, especially of portraits (died 1707)
** Ma Yuanyu, Chinese painter during the Qing Dynasty (died 1722)

## Deaths

* January 27 – Caspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (born 1582)
* May
** Joris van der Haagen, Dutch painter (born 1615)
** Pieter Post, Dutch architect, painter and printmaker (born 1608)
* May 16 – Pietro da Cortona, byname of Pietro Berettini, prolific artist and architect of High Baroque (born 1596)
* July 12 – Theodoor van Thulden, Dutch artist from 's-Hertogenbosch in North Brabant (born 1606)
* July 17 - Herman van Aldewereld, Dutch portrait painter (born 1628)
* August 10 – Paulus Bor, Dutch painter (born 1601)
* October 4 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter and etcher (born 1606)
* October 18 – Abraham Willaerts, Dutch Baroque painter (born 1603)
* October 19 – Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter of primarily frescoes (born 1589)
* December 24 - Antonio Giorgetti, Italian sculptor (born 1635)
* date unknown
** François Anguier, French sculptor (born 1604)
** Pier Martire Armani, Italian painter (born 1613)
** Ludolph Büsinck, German wood-engraver (born in 1590s)
** Giovanni Andrea de Ferrari, Italian painter of the Baroque period active in Genoa (born 1598)
** Albert Flamen, Dutch engraver (born 1620)
** 1669/1677: Bartholomeus Assteyn, Dutch painter (born 1607)
# 1847 in India
## Events

* The Doctrine of Lapse (1847): Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India, introduced this policy, allowing the British to annex Indian princely states if their rulers died without a male heir.
* Annexation of Punjab (1847): The British East India Company annexed Punjab after the First Anglo-Sikh War.
* Treaty of Bhyrowal (1847): The British and Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu signed a treaty, establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
* The first railway line completed in India between Bombay and Thane came to fruition on April 16, 1853, although the proposal and planning phase began earlier in 1847. This railway line covered a distance of approximately 21 miles (34 kilometers).
* Founding of the Bethune School (1847): The school was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) to promote women's education.

## Categories

* History of India
* British Raj
# 1670 AM

The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1670 kHz: 1670 AM is a Regional broadcast frequency.

## Argentina

* Basilio in Buenos Aires

## Canada

* CJEU (AM) in Gatineau, Quebec - 1 kW, transmitter located at 45°28′58″N 75°41′04″W﻿ / ﻿45.4829°N 75.6844°W﻿ / 45.4829; -75.6844﻿ (CJEU - 1 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime)

## Mexico

* XEANAH-AM in Huixquilucan, State of Mexico
* XECSCA-AM in Tarandacuao, Guanajuato
* XEFCR-AM in Reynosa, Tamaulipas

## United States

All stations operate with 10 kW during the daytime and are Class B stations.
| Call sign | City of license | Facility ID | Nighttime power (kW) | Transmitter coordinates |
| KHPY | Moreno Valley, California | 87156 | 9 | 34°00′42″N 117°11′03″W﻿ / ﻿34.011667°N 117.184167°W﻿ / 34.011667; -117.184167﻿ (KHPY - 10 kW daytime, 9 kW nighttime) |
| KQMS | Redding, California | 87171 | 1 | 40°33′31″N 122°19′48″W﻿ / ﻿40.558611°N 122.33°W﻿ / 40.558611; -122.33﻿ (KQMS - 10 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime) |
| WMGE | Dry Branch, Georgia | 87110 | 1 | 32°48′16″N 83°36′16″W﻿ / ﻿32.804444°N 83.604444°W﻿ / 32.804444; -83.604444﻿ (WMGE - 10 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime) |
| WOZN | Madison, Wisconsin | 87154 | 1 | 43°01′31″N 89°23′46″W﻿ / ﻿43.025278°N 89.396111°W﻿ / 43.025278; -89.396111﻿ (WOZN - 10 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime) |
# 1895 in Norwegian music

The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1896 in Norwegian music.

## Births
### March

* 4 – Bjarne Brustad, composer, violinist and violist (died 1978).

### June

* 2 – Arild Sandvold, organist, composer, and choir conductor (born 1984).

### July

* 12 – Kirsten Flagstad, operatic soprano (died 1962).

### October

* 2 – Soffi Schønning, operatic soprano (died 1994).
# 1895 in Scotland

Events from the year 1895 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary for Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal – Sir George Trevelyan, Bt, to 29 June; then Lord Balfour of Burleigh

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – John Blair Balfour until July; then Sir Charles Pearson
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Thomas Shaw; then Andrew Murray

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Robertson
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Kingsburgh

## Events

* 11 February – the lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2 °C (measured as -17 °F) is recorded at Braemar in Aberdeenshire. (This UK Weather Record is equalled in 1982 and again in 1995.)
* 11 April – electric light is introduced in Edinburgh.
* 13 April – first cremation in Scotland's first crematorium, at Glasgow's Western Necropolis.
* July–August – second "Race to the North": Operators of the East and West Coast Main Line railways accelerate their services between London and Aberdeen.
* 28 October
** The Daily Record newspaper is first published.
** Probable date of the first car shipped into Scotland, a Panhard for Glasgow engineer George Johnston.
* Percy Pilcher flies in several versions of his hang glider Bat at Cardross, Argyll, the first person to make repeated heavier-than-air flights in the UK.
* Sule Skerry lighthouse completed.
* New Dunoon Pier built.
* New offices for The Glasgow Herald (later The Lighthouse), designed by John Keppie and worked on by Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
* New premises for Jenners department store in Princes Street, Edinburgh, completed.
* The North British Aluminium Company builds Britain's first aluminium smelting plant on the shore of Loch Ness at Foyers.
* Babcock & Wilcox Ltd establish a manufacturing facility at Renfrew based on the existing Porterfield Foundry.
* Paterson's begin baking oatcakes in Rutherglen.

## Births

* 2 March – Hughie Ferguson, footballer (suicide 1930)
* 9 March – Isobel Baillie, soprano (died 1983)
* 29 March – Anne Redpath, still life painter (died 1965)
* 19 May – Charles Sorley, poet (killed in action 1915)
* 17 June – George MacLeod, soldier and minister of religion (died 1991)
* 16 July – Hay Petrie, character actor (died 1948)
* 25 August – R. D. Low, comics writer and editor (died 1980)
* 3 October – George Henry Tatham Paton, recipient of the Victoria Cross (killed in action 1917)

## Deaths

* 18 June – Lord Colin Campbell, Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1878 to 1885 and probable adulterer (born 1853)
* 22 August – Peter Denny, shipbuilder and owner (born 1821)
* George Thompson, shipowner and politician (born 1804)
# 1866 Tumut colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of The Tumut on 20 August 1866 because the seat of Charles Cowper Jr. had been declared vacant as he was absent from parliament for an entire session.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 25 July 1866 | Seat of Charles Cowper Jr. declared vacant due to absence |
| 26 July 1866 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 13 August 1866 | Nominations. |
| 20 August 1866 | Polling day |
| 10 September 1866 | Return of writ |

## Candidates

* Edward Brown was a well known local who had been a pastoralist in the Tumut region since 1846.
* George Thornton was a merchant from Sydney who had previously been the Mayor of Sydney and a member for East Sydney.

## Result

1866 The Tumut by-election Monday 20 August :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Edward Brown (elected) | Edward Brown (elected) | 286 | 51.9 |
| George Thornton | George Thornton | 265 | 48.1 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 551 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 551 | 43.5 |
# 1899–1900 Scottish Division Two

The 1899–1900 Scottish Division Two was won by Partick Thistle with Linthouse finishing bottom.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Partick Thistle (C, P) | 18 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 55 | 26 | +29 | 29 | Promoted to the 1900–01 Scottish Division One |
| 2 | Morton (P) | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 66 | 25 | +41 | 28 | Promoted to the 1900–01 Scottish Division One |
| 3 | Port Glasgow Athletic | 18 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 50 | 41 | +9 | 20 | |
| 4 | Leith Athletic | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 32 | 37 | −5 | 19 | |
| 4 | Motherwell | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 38 | 36 | +2 | 19 | |
| 6 | Abercorn | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 46 | 39 | +7 | 16 | |
| 7 | Hamilton Academical | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 33 | 45 | −12 | 15 | |
| 8 | Ayr | 18 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 39 | 48 | −9 | 14 | |
| 9 | Airdrieonians | 18 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 27 | 49 | −22 | 11 | |
| 10 | Linthouse (R) | 18 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 28 | 68 | −40 | 9 | Failed re-election |
* ↑ Linthouse failed re-election to compete in the next season and were replaced by East Stirlingshire.
# 1897 Pittsburgh College football team

The 1897 Pittsburgh College football team was an American football team that represented Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost—now known as Duquesne University—during the 1897 college football season. It was the first Pittsburgh College team to consist entirely of students from the college. J. P. Wolfe served in his first and only season as the team's head coach.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 2 | Cottage Club | Pittsburgh College groundsPittsburgh, PA | W 12–0 | |
| October 9 | Bethany (WV) | Pittsburgh College groundsPittsburgh, PA | W 14–0 | |
| October 13 | at Latrobe Athletic Association | Latrobe, PA | L 0–22 | |
| October 16 | at Washington & Jefferson | College ParkWashington, PA | L 0–24 | 400 |
| October 23 | at Geneva | Beaver Falls, PA | L 5–26 | |
| October 30 | West Virginia | Pittsburgh College groundsPittsburgh, PA | T 0–0 | |
| November 6 | at Washington & Jefferson | College ParkWashington, PA | L 0–36 | |
| November 13 | Marquette Athletic Club | Pittsburgh College groundsPittsburgh, PA | W 38–0 | |
| November 20 | McKees Rocks Indians | Pittsburgh College groundsPittsburgh, PA | L 4–6 | |
| November 25 | Wheeling Athletic Club | Wheeling, WV | T 6–6 | > 1,000 |
# 1889–90 Rangers F.C. season

The 1889–90 season was the 16th season of competitive football by Rangers.

## Overview

Rangers played a total matches during the 1889–90 season.

## Results

All results are written with Rangers' score first.

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result |
| 7 September 1889 | R1 | United Abstainers Athletic | H | 6–2 |
| 28 September 1889 | R2 | Kelvinside Athletic | A | 13–0 |
| 19 October 1889 | R3 | Vale of Leven | H | 0–0 |
| 26 October 1889 | R3 R | Vale of Leven | A | 2–3 |
# 1911 Ole Miss Rebels football team

The 1911 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1911 college football season. Before the week of the Egg Bowl rivalry, a new set of stands had been added on the east side of The Fairgrounds in Jackson. As the teams prepared for kickoff the new stands collapsed injuring at least 60 people, some seriously. Despite the disaster, the game proceeded without interruption and resulted in a 6 to 0 A&M win. The Commercial Appeal complimented the play of Ole Miss halfback Pete Shields. By Walton and Rube Barker were All-Southern.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 30 | | Memphis High School* | University FieldOxford, MS | W 42–0 |
| October 5 | | Southwestern Presbyterian* | University FieldOxford, MS | W 41–0 |
| October 13 | 3:00 p.m. | Louisiana Industrial* | University FieldOxford, MS | W 15–0 |
| October 24 | | at Henderson* | Arkadelphia, AR | W 24–11 |
| October 27 | | at Texas A&M* | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX | L 0–17 |
| October 30 | | at Mississippi College | FairgroundsJackson, MS | W 28–0 |
| November 4 | | at Mercer | Central City ParkMacon, GA | W 34–0 |
| November 18 | | at Vanderbilt | Dudley FieldNashville, TN (rivalry) | L 0–21 |
| November 30 | | vs. Mississippi A&M | State FairgroundsJackson, MS (rivalry) | L 0–6 |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Central time ||||||

## Players
### Line

| Player | Position |
| John C. Adams | center |
| Rube Barker | tackle |
| Fred Carter | guard |
| By Walton | end |

### Backfield

| Player | Position |
| William C. Cahall | halfback |
| Pete Shields | halfback |
| Steve Mitchell | fullback |
# 1915 Swansea District by-election

The 1915 Swansea District by-election was held on 6 February 1915. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, David Brynmor Jones, becoming a High Court Judge. It was won by the Liberal candidate Thomas Jeremiah Williams who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.
1915 Swansea District by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Thomas Williams | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
# 1908 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship

The 1908 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.
Thurles were the defending champions.
Thurles won the championship after a 2–06 to 4–02 defeat of Glengoole in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their third title in succession.
# 191st Regional Support Group

191st Regional Support Group (191st RSG) is a regional support group of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard. The unit's federal (MTOE/TDA) mission is '..Deploys to provide contingency and expeditionary Base Operations Support, with responsibilities for managing facilities, providing administrative and logistical support of soldier services, and ensuring the security of personnel and facilities on a base camp.' The unit has been in command of the Joint Task Force Guantanamo Headquarters and Headquarters Company since its arrival in December 2008. Their mission while deployed is expansive, ranging from service member safety to housing issues. In addition to its far-reaching responsibilities, the group has also had to learn to work with and rely on one another, since the unit was formed shortly before deploying.
# Seti Corridor

National Highway 65, NH65 is a proposed national highway in Nepal, located in Sudurpashchim Province. The total length of the highway is 304.94 kilometres (189.48 mi) of which 64 km (39.77 mi) has been opened.

## Background

The project to construct a road from Khutiya to Dipayal as an expressway was inaugurated on 16 December 2015. The road was supposed to be 96 km (59.65 mi) expressway. Delays by the contractor, controversies over the forest, disputes between the federal and provincial governments over the jurisdiction, and other reasons has left the project in limbo. On the other hand, the road project from Chainpur to Urai Bhanjyang (Nepal-China border) was separately established as North Seti Highway while the road project from Chainpur to Khakraula (Indo-Nepal border) was established as South Seti Highway. Later, South Seti became (NH62) and North Seti Highway merged with Khutiya–Dipayal Expressway and became NH65.
# Trauré

Trauré Vera Cruz Martins (born 15 February 1995), known as just Trauré, is a Santomean footballer who plays as a defender for Aliança Nacional and the São Tomé and Príncipe national team.

## International career

Trauré made his professional debut with the São Tomé and Príncipe national team in a 2–0 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification loss to Sudan on 24 March 2021.
# Abhishek Singh (politician)

Abhishek Singh (born 5 March 1981) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a member of the 16th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament representing Rajnandgaon. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Raman Singh.

## Early life

Abhishek Singh was born on 5 March 1981 at Kawardha. He is the son of Raman Singh and Veena Singh. He did his engineering from NIT Raipur after which completed his M.B.A. from XLRI- Xavier School of Management.

## Political career

Upon completion of his education, Singh entered politics and campaigned for the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) during the 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election in the districts of Rajnandgaon and Kawardha. In April 2014, the BJP declared him as their candidate to contest the general election from Rajnandgaon after Madhusudan Yadav, the then member from the constituency, was denied a ticket. He won the election by a margin of more than 235,000 votes and 33, became the youngest member of parliament elected from Chhattisgarh.
# Soft-switching three-level inverter

A soft-switching three-level inverter (S3L inverter) is a high-efficiency power electronic inverter intended, in particular, for use with three-phase drives, as a grid-tie inverter for photovoltaic installations or wind turbines and in power supplies. The topology was developed in 2009 at HTWG Konstanz (Constance University of Applied Sciences).

## Operating principle

Inverters are used for converting DC voltage into AC voltage. Their construction typically makes use of power transistors and diodes. These are operated as electronic switches. In conventional designs using "hard" switching, this gives rise to switching losses [de] which, especially for high values of the switching frequency, cause a reduction in their energy conversion efficiency. To improve their efficiency, high-power inverters (from about 10 kW) frequently make use of a technique referred to as a three-level design (three-level inverter).
Forming the basis of the S3L inverter is a hard-switching three-level inverter of this kind with a T-type topology. This base design is supplemented by a snubber circuit consisting of a few passive components. It prevents the occurrence of simultaneously high values of voltage and current, and hence high power dissipation values, during the switching process. All switching processes therefore take place in a "soft" manner. In this way switching losses are largely avoided. Furthermore, because the snubber circuit functions, in principle, without losses, the conversion efficiency of the inverter remains high even for high values of the switching frequency.