OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Traveling plane wave

In mathematics and physics, a traveling plane wave is a special case of plane wave, namely a field whose evolution in time can be described as simple translation of its values at a constant wave speed $c$, along a fixed direction of propagation ${\vec {n}}$.
Such a field can be written as
    $F({\vec {x}},t)=G\left({\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {n}}-ct\right)\,$
where $G(u)$ is a function of a single real parameter $u=d-ct$. The function $G$ describes the profile of the wave, namely the value of the field at time $t=0$, for each displacement $d={\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {n}}$. For each displacement $d$, the moving plane perpendicular to ${\vec {n}}$ at distance $d+ct$ from the origin is called a wavefront. This plane too travels along the direction of propagation ${\vec {n}}$ with velocity $c$; and the value of the field is then the same, and constant in time, at every one of its points.
The wave $F$ may be a scalar or vector field; its values are the values of $G$.
A sinusoidal plane wave is a special case, when $G(u)$ is a sinusoidal function of $u$.

## Properties

A traveling plane wave can be studied by ignoring the dimensions of space perpendicular to the vector ${\vec {n}}$; that is, by considering the wave $F(z{\vec {n}},t)=G(z-ct)$ on a one-dimensional medium, with a single position coordinate $z$.
For a scalar traveling plane wave in two or three dimensions, the gradient of the field is always collinear with the direction ${\vec {n}}$; specifically, $\nabla F({\vec {x}},t)={\vec {n}}G'({\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {n}}-ct)$, where $G'$ is the derivative of $G$. Moreover, a traveling plane wave $F$ of any shape satisfies the partial differential equation
    $\nabla F=-{\frac {\vec {n}}{c}}{\frac {\partial F}{\partial t}}$
Plane traveling waves are also special solutions of the wave equation in an homogeneous medium.
# Subsquamosal fenestra

In some rodents, the subsquamosal fenestra is an opening between two parts of the squamosal bone, at the back of the skull. It can be seen in lateral view. Most Oryzomyini have the fenestra, but some species, including those in the genera Nectomys, Sigmodontomys, and Melanomys among others, lack it.
# Royal Norwegian Navy Museum

The Royal Norwegian Navy Museum (Norwegian: Marinemuseet) is a museum documenting the history of the Royal Norwegian Navy. It is located at the former main naval base of Karljohansvern in Horten. The museum was founded by C.F. Klinck on 24 August 1853. The museum is sometimes regarded as the world's first naval museum, as it was the first collection of naval memorabilia open to the public.

## The collection

The collection contains several decommissioned ships, much equipment used by the Norwegian, Allied and German navies and ship models, paintings and pictures. In the 1980s the Royal Norwegian Navy Library was transferred to the museum. The library's book collection started in 1805. The Museum and Library have a book collection of about 25,000 volumes. In addition the museum has preserved all of the navy's ship log books from 1814 to today. Parts of the Museum was however destroyed during an allied bombing raid on Horten in February 1945. The museum also preserves ship designs and has an archive of Navy rules and regulations from about 1750 to today, with about 4,500 volumes.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## The ships

* HNoMS Alta — a Sauda class minesweeper still sailing and based in Oslo.
* HNoMS Blink — a Storm class patrol boat, at 59°25′34″N 10°29′12″E﻿ / ﻿59.426°N 10.48672°E﻿ / 59.426; 10.48672﻿ (HNoMS Blink)
* HNoMS Hitra (ex USN SC‑718) — a "Shetland bus" still sailing and based in Bergen.
* HNoMS Narvik — an Oslo class frigate.
* HNoMS Rap — the world's first torpedo boat.
* HNoMS Skrei — a Tjeld class patrol boat.
* HNoMS Utstein — a Kobben class submarine.
# The Woman of His Dream

The Woman of His Dream is a 1921 British silent drama film directed by Harold M. Shaw and starring Mary Dibley, Alec Fraser and Sydney Seaward. It was adapted from a short story by Ethel M. Dell.

## Cast

* Mary Dibley - Naomi
* Alec Fraser - Reginald Carey
* Sydney Seaward - Jeffrey Coningby
* Fred Thatcher - Charles Rivers
* Teddy Arundell - Adm Rivers
* Winifred Harris - Lady Emberdale
* Betty Howe - Gwen Emberdale
* John East - Fisherman
# The Land of New Hope

The Land of New Hope is the first full-length album by Timo Tolkki's Finnish metal opera project Avalon. The album was released on May 17, 2013 in Europe and May 21, 2013 in the US.
According to Tolkki "I sort of rediscovered myself musically in the process of making this album. I wrote the story first and started composing the music after that. My aim was to write memorable songs with good melodies that would support the story...On this album you will find a lot of different dynamics...with some songs that are fully orchestrated and sound very very big."
Tolkki plans to release a trilogy about this concept, and The Land of New Hope is the end of the story
Several heavy metal singers were invited to play the characters of the story of the album, with female vocalist Elize Ryd (Amaranthe) and vocalist Rob Rock (Impellitteri) appearing to be the main characters and singing on most of the songs. The remaining vocalists performing on the album were Michael Kiske (Unisonic, ex-Helloween), Russell Allen (Symphony X, Allen-Lande), Sharon den Adel (Within Temptation) and Tony Kakko (Sonata Arctica).
The artwork was created by Stanis W. Decker and will be released in 2 versions - regular cd and deluxe edition with a 30-minute documentary plus a promotional videoclip for the song "Enshrined in My Memory".

## Story

"It’s A.D. 2055 and most big cities of Planet Earth are either flooded with tsunamis or destroyed by earthquakes and fire. The whole infrastructure and communication system has broken down. The destruction is total. A small group of survivors leaves for a quest to find a sacred place known as The Land of New Hope. It is an old fairytale that has been told since decades, but very few has actually ever believed of its existence. They travel far on a journey that is full of dangers and come across a seer who guides them further. She explains to them that The Land of New Hope does exist, but it is guarded by a Keeper and only those who are pure in heart can pass him. They wander further towards their ultimate destiny…."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Timo Tolkki

## Personnel

* Timo Tolkki - Guitar, bass, keyboards
* Elize Ryd (Amaranthe) - lead vocals on #01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 09, 11
* Rob Rock (Impellitteri, ex-Axel Rudi Pell) - lead vocals on #01, 02, 04, 05, 07, 08
* Russell Allen (Symphony X) - lead vocals on #01, 02, 04
* Michael Kiske - lead vocals on #10
* Sharon den Adel (Within Temptation) - lead vocals on #06
* Tony Kakko (Sonata Arctica) - lead vocals on #05
* Alex Holzwarth (Rhapsody of Fire) - drums
* Derek Sherinian (ex-Dream Theater, ex-Black Country Communion) - Keyboards, keyboard solo on #08
* Jens Johansson (Stratovarius) - Keyboards, keyboard solo on #08
* Mikko Härkin (ex-Sonata Arctica, ex-Symfonia, Luca Turilli's Rhapsody) - Keyboards

### Additional musicians

* Magdalena Lee - soprano voice
* Kimmo Blom - backing vocals
* Luca Sturniolo - backing vocals
* Sami Boman - orchestrations

## Chart positions

| Country | Position |
| Finland | 7 |
| Sweden | 42 |
| Switzerland | 59 |
| Norway | 80 |
| Germany | 90 |
# Derindere, Ardahan

Derindere is a village in the Ardahan District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 73 (2021).
# Where Spring Comes Late

Where Spring Comes Late (家族, Kazoku) is a 1970 Japanese film directed by Yoji Yamada.

## Plot

The Kazami family live on the island of Iōjima, Nagasaki, where Seiichi Kamazi works in a coal mine. With the coal mine closing, Seiichi decides to move to Hokkaido and become a dairy farmer. The family rides the train between the two islands (a roughly 3,000-mile journey). Along the way, they stop in Fukuyama, where Seiichi's brother Tsutomu lives, Osaka, where they attend Expo '70, and Tokyo. In Tokyo, the family's youngest daughter passes away. Genzō, Seiichi's father, reaches Hokkaido but passes away shortly after. He is buried in a Catholic ceremony. Despite Seiichi's misgivings, Tamiko (his wife) convinces him to stay and forge a new life for themselves.

## Cast

* Chieko Baisho as Tamiko Kazami
* Hisashi Igawa as Seiichi Kazami
* Chishū Ryū as Genzō Kazami
* Gin Maeda
* Hiroshi Inuzuka as Comedian
* Kiyoshi Atsumi
* Shūichi Ikeda

## Awards

25th Mainichi Film Award
* Won: Best Film

## Criticism

Scholar Yoshikuni Igarashi called the film "a declaration of war against the regime of the high-growth economy." He views Seiichi's journey as motivated by his desire to maintain economic independence.
# Senator McCaffrey

Senator McCaffrey may refer to:
* Francis J. McCaffrey Jr. (1902–1972), New York State Senate
* Francis J. McCaffrey (1917–1989), New York State Senate
* Michael McCaffrey (born 1963), Rhode Island State Senate
# Swartberg dwarf chameleon

The Swartberg dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion atromontanum) is a species of chameleon endemic to South Africa.

## Taxonomy

For many years a dwarf chameleon of undetermined taxonomic status was known from the Swartberg area. A subsequent phylogenetic study resulted in its description as a new species. Morphologically it can be confused with B. gutturale but the two species are allopatric.

## Description

It is a small chameleon not exceeding 12 cm. It is usually a pale yellow/brown with greenish hues.

## Distribution

It is endemic to the Swartberg mountains, Western Cape, South Africa. It occurs in the Swartberg Nature Reserve. It is also found at Groot Swartberg.

## Habitat

Swartberg dwarf chameleon is arboreal and inhabits mountain fynbos habitat.
# Vidalín

Vidalín is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carmelo Vidalín (born 1955), Uruguayan politician
* Geir Vídalín (1761–1823), Icelandic prelate
# Vidan Bojović

Vidan Bojović (born 27 June 1979), is a Serbian futsal player who plays for Ekonomac Kragujevac and the Serbia national futsal team.
# Von Hippel

Von Hippel is a German surname and may refer to:
* Arthur von Hippel (physician) (1841–1916), a German ophthalmologist
** Robert von Hippel (1866–1951), a German criminal lawyer, his son
*** Arthur R. von Hippel (1898–2003), a German-American physicist, grandson of Arthur von Hippel and nephew of Eugen von Hippel
**** Eric von Hippel (born 1941), an American economist, son of Arthur R. von Hippel
**** Frank N. von Hippel, an American nuclear physicist, son of Arthur R. von Hippel
** Eugen von Hippel (1867–1939), a German ophthalmologist, his son (discoverer of Von Hippel–Lindau disease)
* Karin von Hippel
* Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder (1741–1796), a German satirist
** Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger (1775–1843), a Prussian statesman, his nephew
* Theodor von Hippel, a German army and intelligence officer during World War II
# Von Hoffman House

The Von Hoffman House at Broadway and 5th St. in Medora, North Dakota was built in 1884. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing structure.
Known also as the Medora Doll House, it is a common-bond brick house that is the work of Peter Book, who owned and operated a Medora brick factory in the mid-1880s. Peter Book was also a builder of St. Mary's Catholic Church, which is also NRHP-listed.
The home was commissioned by the Marquis de Mores for Louis von Hoffmann and Athenais von Hoffman, the parents of his wife, Medora von Hoffmann.
# Volvo B9RLE

The Volvo B9RLE is a 9.4-litre engined tri-axle low-entry single-decker bus and double-decker bus chassis manufactured by Volvo between 2010 and 2013. The double-decker was available in either closed top or open top form. It was introduced as an interim replacement for the soon to be discontinued B12BLE in the short gap of years before they had the Euro VI compliant B8RLE ready. At the same time they introduced a tri-axle variant of the B7RLE, but in Volvo's home markets the 290 bhp that the D7E produces is considered insufficient for a 15-metre bus.
The most likely reason for introducing the B9RLE a whole year before the end of production for the B12BLE was for the introduction of the first prototypes of the Volvo 8900LE in late 2010, which was also the body that most B9RLE received. Some were also bodied as open top double-decker sightseeing buses with the Unvi Urbis 2.5 DD body.
In Sweden a total of 145 were built as 8900LE low-entry city buses to various customers, like Nettbuss and Nobina Sverige, and 7 Unvi-bodied sightseeing buses. In Norway Boreal Transport received 10 as 8900LE for Stavanger and Nobina Norge received 27 (including a prototype from 2010) for Tromsø. Also a Unvi-bodied open top sightseeing bus was delivered to Oslo.

## Engines

D9B, 9364 cc, in-line 6 cyl. turbodiesel (2010–2013)
* D9B380 – 280 kW (380 bhp), 1700 N·m, Euro V
# Vidmantas Plečkaitis

Vidmantas Plečkaitis (born 17 February 1957, in Klaipėda, Lithuanian SSR) is a Lithuanian painter, artist, public figure and politician, former vice mayor of city of Klaipėda.

## Biography

* 1983, the graduated from the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute, a mechanical engineer.
* 1997, director of R. Suslavičius food company Klaipeda's branch. 2000-2003 and 2003–2007, the Klaipeda City deputy mayor. From 2007 Klaipeda municipal council secretary.
* 1993 - member of Liberal Union of Lithuania. 2003 Liberal and Center Union Klaipeda department member, Vice-Chairman. 2006 the Chairman of the Department of Klaipeda Liberal and Center Union.
# Vienne-en-Val

Vienne-en-Val (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
# Vávra

Vávra (feminine: Vávrová) is a Czech-language surname. Notable people include:
* Dana Vávrová (1967 2009), Czech-German actress
* Daniel Vávra (born 1972), Czech video game writer, director and designer
* Greg Vavra (born 1961), Canadian football player
* Iva Vávrová (born 1943), Czechoslovak sprint canoeist
* Jiří Vávra (born 1975), Czech footballer
* Joe Vavra (born 1959), American baseball coach
* Josef Vávra, Czech ice hockey player
* Lawrence Vavra (born 1977), American music manager
* Michaela Vávrová, Czech rower
* Otakar Vávra (1911–2011), Czech film director and screenwriter
* Robert Vavra (born 1935), American photographer
* Stanislav Vávra (born 1993), Czech footballer
* Terrin Vavra (born 1997), American baseball player
* Vladimír Vávra, Czech wrestler
* Zdeněk Vávra (1891–1947), Czech fencer
* Zdeňka Vávrová, Czech astronomer
# W. E. N. Sinclair

William Edmund Newton Sinclair (June 28, 1873 – November 26, 1947), known as W. E. N. Sinclair, was a Canadian barrister, solicitor and interim leader of the Ontario Liberal Party.

## Background

Sinclair was born in Whitby Township, Ontario, the son of John Sinclair, and was educated at Toronto University, receiving a bachelor's degree in law. In 1907, he married Ella Minerva Montgomery; he married Edna Worden in 1918 after his first wife's death.

## Politics

Sinclair was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a candidate of the Ontario Liberal Party in the 1911 provincial election but was defeated in 1914.
He returned to politics in the 1917 federal election on conscription (see Conscription Crisis of 1917), Sinclair ran on as part of the anti-conscription "Laurier Liberals" but was again defeated.
He returned to provincial politics and was elected again to the Ontario legislature in the 1919 provincial election as the MLA for the riding of Ontario South.
Sinclair ran for the leadership of the party in the 1922 leadership convention, but lost to Wellington Hay. Hay resigned following a disastrous election result, and Sinclair served as interim leader of the Ontario Liberal Party from 1923 to 1930 and also as Leader of the Opposition in the provincial legislature. He was interim leader for that length of time (and through the elections of 1926 and 1929) because of the party's state of disorganization and inability to hold a proper leadership convention.
The Liberals remained at the 14 seats they had in 1926, and dropped to 13 seats in the 1929 election. Sinclair initially decided to run for the permanent leadership in 1930, but because of the party's failure to make gains during his tenure, he attracted little support, and withdrew before balloting began. He remained Leader of the Opposition until the 1934 election because the newly elected leader, Mitchell Hepburn, did not have a seat in the provincial legislature. Sinclair was re-elected in the 1934 election that brought the Liberals to power but Hepburn, the new Premier of Ontario, did not appoint him to Cabinet. Sinclair sat as a government backbencher for three years and then retired from the legislature at the 1937 provincial election.
In the 1945 federal election, Sinclair was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Liberal Party of Canada. He died in office in 1947.
Sinclair also served as mayor of Oshawa from 1910 to 1911, in 1915 and from 1932 to 1934.
# Trevoa

Trevoa is a genus of actinorhizal plants; these dicotyledon flora are trees or small shrubs. The genus was first proposed by Miers in 1825, but was not fully described until 1830 by Sir William Jackson Hooker. Genus members are notable for their ability to fix nitrogen. Species of this genus are generally found in the near coastal forests and arid shrubland of South America. Some species are localized in the mountains of central Chile; for example, the species Trevoa trinervis occurs in the La Campana National Park and other proximate areas of central Chile.
Along with some related plants in the family Rhamnaceae, they fix nitrogen via root nodules which contain Frankia bacteria. Other nitrogen-fixing genera in this family include Ceanothus, Colletia, Discaria, Kentrothamnus, and Retanilla.

## Taxonomy

The botanist Karl Friedrich Reiche, publishing in the years 1894–1911, recognized 6 species. Currently there are five recognized species in the genus.

### Species

Trevoa comprises the following species:
* Trevoa campanulata Reiche
* Trevoa closiana Miers
* Trevoa glauca Reiche
* Trevoa quinquenervia Gillies & Hook. (syn. Talguenea quinquenervia)
* Trevoa spinifer Escal.

### Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species and hybrids is unresolved:
* Trevoa berteroniana Steud.
* Trevoa tenuis Miers

### Formerly placed here

* Trevoa trinervis Miers = Retanilla trinervia (Gillies & Hook.) Hook. & Arn.
# Stenotus (bug)

Stenotus is a genus of plant bugs (family Miridae), containing the following species:
* Stenotus aureus Linnavuori, 1975
* Stenotus binotatus (Fabricius, 1794)
* Stenotus bipunctatus Poppius, 1911
* Stenotus bivittatus Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus brauni Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus brevicollis Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus brevior Poppius, 1910
* Stenotus capensis Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus caucasicus Akramovskaya & Kerzhner, 1978
* Stenotus chryseis Linnavuori, 1974
* Stenotus clypealis Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus distinctus Reuter, 1905
* Stenotus elegans Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus fasciaticollis Reuter, 1905
* Stenotus fulvus Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus gestroi Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus hathor (Kirkaldy, 1902)
* Stenotus insularis Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus klepsydra Linnavuori, 1974
* Stenotus lindiensis Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus lineaticollis Poppius, 1914
* Stenotus longiceps Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus longipennis Reuter, 1905
* Stenotus longulus Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus marginatus Poppius, 1914
* Stenotus niger Poppius, 1914
* Stenotus nigroquadristriatus (Kirkaldy, 1902)
* Stenotus pallidus (Reuter, 1904)
* Stenotus proitos Linnavuori, 1974
* Stenotus psole (Kirkaldy, 1902)
* Stenotus pulcher Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus pusillus Carvalho, Dutra & Becker, 1960
* Stenotus pygmaeus Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus pylaon (Kirkaldy, 1902)
* Stenotus ruber Poppius, 1912
* Stenotus rubricatum (Distant, 1904)
* Stenotus rubripedes Carvalho, 1953
* Stenotus rubrovittatus (Matsumura, 1913)
* Stenotus rufescens Poppius, 1910
* Stenotus sandaracatus (Distant, 1904)
* Stenotus stramineus Poppius, 1915
* Stenotus tesquorum Akramovskaya & Kerzhner, 1978
* Stenotus transvaalensis (Distant, 1904)
* Stenotus typicus (Distant, 1904)
* Stenotus viridis (Shiraki, 1913)
* Stenotus vitticollis Reuter, 1907
# Wandering Oldfield mouse

The wandering Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys erro), also called the wandering thomasomys, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It has been found in both the Cordillera Oriental and Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in central and north central Ecuador, at elevations from 2400 to 3600 m. It has terrestrial habits, and has been found in cloud forest and areas of secondary vegetation. It was formerly considered a subspecies of T. cinereiventer.
# The Homestead, Sandiway

The Homestead (now Redwalls) is a large house in Weaverham Road, Sandiway, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

The house was designed by the Chester architect John Douglas and built in about 1906–07 on land he owned himself in Sandiway, the village of his birth. The house and stables were built for B. J. Sanby, who bought the land from Douglas. By the 1970s its name had been changed to Redwalls and it was being used as a children's home. As of 2009 it is a private nursing home.

## Architecture

The house is constructed in Ruabon brick and has a chipped and rendered upper storey; the roofs are in Lakeland green slate and the chimneys are brick. Its north (entrance) front has five bays. The outer bays project forwards and are gabled with finials. In the centre is a projecting porch with pilasters, over which is a balustrade including a panel containing a carved griffon and motto. The garden front has a pair of two-storey canted bay windows. Brick extensions were added to the east of the building during the 20th century.
# The Kitchen (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Daily Californian | favorable |
| HipHopDX | |
The Kitchen is the third studio album by American hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. It was released by Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings on July 16, 2013. It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, as well as number 45 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
Music videos were created for "Gun Fever", "It's Partly Me", and "Golden".

## Critical reception

Ian Birnam of The Daily Californian said, "with its smooth rhymes and crunchy beats, The Kitchen is a definitive reminder of Hiero's stance in the hip-hop world."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Sleeprockers – production (1), editing, mixing
* Del the Funky Homosapien – production (2, 4)
* Gully Duckets – production (3, 5)
* Opio – production (6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16)
* Unjust – production (8)
* A-Plus – production (14)
* Phesto Dee – production (15)
* Steven King – production (17)
* Ken Lee – mastering
* Spencer Groshong – artwork
* Leo Docuyanan – photography

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 45 |
# Youyi Subdistrict, Tangshan

Youyi Subdistrict (Chinese: 友谊街道) is a township-level division of Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
# Tanus

Tanus may refer to:
* Tanus, Tarn, France
* Tanus (Crete), a town of ancient Crete

## People with the surname

* Jonatan Tanus (born 1995), Finnish ice hockey player
* Sari Tanus (born 1964), Finnish doctor and politician