OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Statue of Christopher Columbus (Central Park)

An outdoor bronze sculpture of Christopher Columbus by Jeronimo Suñol is installed in Central Park in Manhattan, New York.

## History

In 1892, the Statue of Christopher Columbus was donated to Central Park by the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society in commemoration of the 400th anniversary of his arrival in the Americas. The statue replicates one made by Jeronimo Suñol in 1892, located at the Plaza de Colon, in Madrid. The New York version was placed in the park in 1894 at the foot of the Mall, and is today one of two monuments of Columbus found in the park's environs, the other being the statue surmounting the column at Columbus Circle. The sculpture depicts the explorer standing with outstretched arms, looking towards the heavens in gratitude for his successful voyage.
The statue was created to commemorate the 400th anniversary, in 1892, of Columbus's arrival in the Americas. It was unveiled in Central Park on May 12, 1894.
In August 2017, the statue was vandalized with red paint and graffiti reading "Hate will not be tolerated" and '#somethingscoming". The statue was restored shortly thereafter. The statue was vandalized again in February 2023 with red paint and graffiti reading "land back" and "murderer".
# Statue of Christopher Columbus (Chelsea, Massachusetts)

A statue of Christopher Columbus is installed in Chelsea, Massachusetts, United States.
# Aechmea kuntzeana

Aechmea kuntzeana is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is endemic to eastern Bolivia. This plant was classified by Carl Christian Mez in 1896, he also validly published the name Aechmea kuntzeana.

## Characteristics

* Growth: Aechmea kuntzeana is a perennial plant, in fact it can reach a height of 1 to 1,5 metres.
* Leaves: Its simple leaves are basal. They are spatulate and sessile, with serrate margins and parallel venation.
* Flowers and Fruits: Produces spikes of green tubular flowers. And it produces berries, as Aechmea kuntzeana is a perennial plant

## Cultivation

Aechmea kuntzeana plants prefer sun to part shade, and the soil of the container where it is moist. With regard to the surface, it should be sandy, sandy-sandy, loamy, silty, loamy or clayey. It should also be noted that this plant can only tolerate temperatures above 1°C as a minimum, otherwise the life of the plant and its inability to grow would be put at risk.
# Staurogyne

Staurogyne is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae.

## Description

Species of the genus Staurogyne tend to have annual or perennial herbs. They may also have shrubs. The stems of Staurogyne tend to be short.

## Species

The genus includes 150 accepted species, of which the most notable are:
* Staurogyne bicolor
* Staurogyne brachystachya
* Staurogyne elegans
* Staurogyne hirsuta
* Staurogyne minarum
* Staurogyne repens
* Staurogyne sichuanica

## Distribution

The genus is widely distributed in the equatorial regions of Africa, Asia and South America.
# Thomas Goodaire

Thomas Goodaire (c. 1620 -?) was an early member of the Society of Friends and an associate of George Fox. He may have come from Wakefield. He was later imprisoned in Warwick, and is regarded as one of the Valiant Sixty.

## Sources

* The Journal of George Fox -
# Styliola

Styliola is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Creseidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Styliola lamberti Checchia-Rispoli, 1922
* Styliola schembriorum A.W.Janssen, 2012
* Styliola sinecosta F.E.Wells, 1974
* Styliola subula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827)
# Victims, Witnesses, and Justice Reform (Scotland) Bill

The Victims, Witnesses, and Justice Reform (Scotland) Bill is a bill of the Scottish Parliament. The proposed legislation includes measures to scrap the verdict of not proven in Scottish trials, and to reduce the number of jurors in Scottish trials from 15 to 12. The bill will also provides for a pilot scheme whereby some rape trials will be held without a jury. It was introduced into Parliament on 25 April 2023.
# Thomas Fortescue (1744–1799)

Thomas Fortescue (1 May 1744 – 10 December 1779) was an Irish Member of Parliament.
He represented Trim in the Irish House of Commons from 1768 to his death.
He was son of Chichester Fortescue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington. His son Chichester also served as an MP.
# 480th

480th may refer to:
* 480th Fighter Squadron, active United States Air Force unit
* 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing (480th ISR Wing) is headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Va.
# Thomas Ahrenkiel

Thomas Ahrenkiel (born 19 October 1967) is a Danish politician who was formerly the head of the Ministry of Defense and the Defense Intelligence Service there.

## Biography

Ahrenkiel was born on 19 October 1967.
He received a degree as cand politician from the University of Copenhagen. Ahrenkiel was also a member of the Foreign Service, including as a Ministerial Counselor in the Prime Minister's Office and as an Embassy Secretary in Brussels.
In 2005, he became a Knight of Dannebrog and he is a member of the Bilderberg group.
Ahrenkiel is known in the cases of fraud in the Ministry of Defence's Property Agency. He has previously, in 2018, received criticism from the Chamber Advocate, after he in 2016 had participated in a meeting where his then girlfriend and current wife received a salary increase of 1,500 kroner monthly and a lump sum of 75,000 kroner. Before the wage negotiations, however, he had told the Prime Minister's Head of Department Christian Kettel Thomsen, who is the country's top official, about the matter, so he escaped further prosecution in the case as he had allegedly acted in good faith.
Ahrenkiel was to leave the Ministry of Defense on 1 September 2020 to take up the position of Danish Ambassador to Berlin. However, in connection with the case of the Defense Intelligence Service, where he is former chief, he was 24.8. exempted from service and repatriated with immediate notice.
# S.T.R.E.E.T. D.A.D.

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| Blender | |
| The Boston Phoenix | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | |
| Pitchfork | 9.0/10 |
| Spin | 8/10 |
| Stylus Magazine | B+ |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | 3.5/5 |
| Uncut | |
S.T.R.E.E.T. D.A.D. is the debut album by American electronic dance rock band Out Hud.

## Composition

S.T.R.E.E.T. D.A.D. has been musically aligned with post-rock, with applause given to its uniquely "danceable" take on the genre. Tiny Mix Tapes saw the group "ably" work in an '80s new wave aesthetic, recalling bands like ABC, Duran Duran, and A Flock of Seagulls. Other styles seen include electro, indie rock, and neo-disco. Spin dubbed it "a synth-pop idyll".

## Critical reception and legacy

Calling it "equally cerebral and hip-shaking", AllMusic's Andy Kellman applauded S.T.R.E.E.T. D.A.D. as "an incredibly creative fusion of several styles of music that ends up sounding like no one else in particular". Pitchfork's Eric Carr praised the album's "remarkable substance" through "darkly evocative compositions…filled with unspoken imagery and emotion." It was awarded the site's Best New Music accolade.
More than ten years after its release, Stereogum's Sam Hockley-Smith revisited D.A.D. in the site's Backtrack column. He dubbed it "an ominous, funny and often very deep" album, claiming that it spoke to "the uncertain times we perpetually inhabit". In 2021, Pitchfork credited the album with spreading dance-punk music alongside works by other bands like !!! and Liars.

## Accolades

| Publication | List | Rank | Ref. |
| Complex | The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s | - | |

## Personnel

Sourced from AllMusic and Discogs.
Out Hud
* Tyler Pope - guitar (tracks: 1-4, 6), drum programming (2, 5, 6), bass guitar (5)
* Nic Offer - bass guitar (1, 3, 4), keyboards (2, 5, 6), acoustic guitar (5)
* Molly Schnick - violin (1), cello (1, 3, 4), keyboards (2, 5, 6); artwork
* Phyllis Forbes - drums (1, 3, 4), bass guitar (2, 6), guitar (5)
* Justin Van Der Volgen - mixing
# Adrian Charles

Adrian Owen Charles AM (31 July 1926 – 10 April 2013) was an Australian Anglican bishop, who served as Assistant bishop for the Western Region in the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane from 1983 to 1992, and as Bishop to the Australian Defence Force from 1989 to 1994.
Charles was born in Warwick, Queensland on 31 July 1926. He attended St Catherine's School and Slade School in Warwick, and later studied at St Francis' Theological College and the University of Queensland. He was ordained deacon in 1950 and priest in 1952.
In his parish ministry, Charles served in a variety of roles, including as chaplain to the Southport School, as Vicar at Wondai and St Lucia and Ipswich, and as Senior Anglican Chaplain to the Northern Command from 1963 to 1966. Charles was appointed Archdeacon of Moreton from 1968 to 1970, became Dean of St James' Cathedral, Townsville in the Diocese of North Queensland from 1972 to 1977, and returned to a military role from 1978 to 1983 as Senior Anglican Chaplain to the 1st Military District.
Charles was consecrated as bishop, and appointed Assistant Bishop for the Western Region, on 1 March 1983 by Archbishop of Brisbane Sir John Grindrod. He later served as the third Anglican Bishop to the Australian Defence Force, replacing Ken Short, from 1989 to 1994.
Charles was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours for "service to the community through the Anglican Church of Australia".
Charles was married to Leonie and was survived by children and grandchildren.
Charles died on 10 April 2013 in Sinnamon Park, Queensland.
# Staurognathus

Staurognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Bactrognathidae from the Middle Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous). It is a genus of multielement conodonts.
# Thomas Rumble

Thomas William Rumble FRSE MICE MIME FGS (1832–1883) was a 19th-century British railway engineer (and locomotive designer), architect, geologist and adventurer.

## Life

He was born in London on Boxing Day, 26 December 1832. He was educated at Reading school by Richard Valpy. Around 1847 he joined his father's architectural practice in London.
Around 1848 he went to the east coast of the United States. In 1850 he obtained the post of Assistant Engineer on the Central Railway of New Jersey. Jumping jobs he was also then involved in laying out the Erie and Forest Lawn Cemetery, Berks County Baths and Buffalo Public Washhouses.
He returned to England in the summer of 1852 undertaking the construction of All Saints Church at Kensington Park. However, with a continuing wanderlust went to India at the end of the summer of 1853, gaining employment on the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway. However, ill-health caused him to return to England in February 1854. After a short period of freelancing as Superintending Engineer for the Arthington Water Works under Thomas Hawksley he set up an office in the Westminster district of London. In 1857 he was appointed Engineer to the Atlas Steel Works in Sheffield.
In 1860 he became a Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. His address was then given as 6 Broad Street Buildings in London. In 1866 he appears as the designer of a locomotive for the Great Western Railway. In 1869 he made a study tour to the United States to look at recent technological improvements. A further visit in 1872 included visiting Chicago after the Great Fire to study how bank vaults had survived the inferno. On his return to London he oversaw the construction of extensive new vaults for the National Safe Deposit Company on Queen Victoria Street.
In 1876 he became Chief Engineer to the Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company. This position included laying the main 30 inch water main under the River Thames.
In 1881 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Frederick Bateman, Robert Etheridge, James Abernethy and Sir John Hawkshaw.
His health began to fail in 1881, suffering from anemia (probably pernicious anaemia contracted during his trip to India). He retired to the Isle of Wight late in 1882.
He died on 21 April 1883 at Bonchurch on the Isle of Wight and is buried there in the New Churchyard.
# Affine q-Krawtchouk polynomials

In mathematics, the affine q-Krawtchouk polynomials are a family of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the basic Askey scheme, introduced by Carlitz and Hodges. Roelof Koekoek, Peter A. Lesky, and René F. Swarttouw (2010, 14) give a detailed list of their properties.

## Definition

The polynomials are given in terms of basic hypergeometric functions by
    $K_{n}^{\text{aff}}(q^{-x};p;N;q)=_{3}\phi _{2}\left({\begin{matrix}q^{-n},0,q^{-x}\\pq,q^{-N}\end{matrix}};q,q\right),\qquad n=0,1,2,\ldots ,N.$

## Relation to other polynomials

affine q-Krawtchouk polynomials → little q-Laguerre polynomials：
    $\lim _{a\to 1}=K_{n}^{\text{aff}}(q^{x-N};p,N\mid q)=p_{n}(q^{x};p,q)$.
# Ager Gallicus

The Ager Gallicus was the territory in northern Picenum that had been occupied by the Senone Gauls and was conquered by Rome in 284 BC or 283 BC, either after the Battle of Arretium or the Battle of Lake Vadimon.
The territory corresponds to the portion of the modern Marche region lying north of the Esino river, on the coast Adriatic Sea.

## History

In 283 BC unspecified Gauls besieged the city of Arretium (Arezzo, in north-eastern Tuscany) and defeated a Roman force which had come to the aid of the city. The subsequent actions are reported differently by Polybius and Appian. In any case the Romans then invaded the territory of the Senones, killed most of them, drove the rest out of the country.
The territory had earlier been part of Picenum but was then annexed by the Romans and became an ager publicus (Roman state land) and they made the town at Sena Gallica a colony.
In order to control the population and mercantile activities of the Ager, the Romans also founded the coastal colonies of Ariminum (Rimini), Pisaurum (Pesaro) and Fanum Fortunae (Fano). The administration of the inland was organized in 232 BC by the Lex Flaminia de agro Gallico et Piceno viritim dividendo, which created a network of prefectures (praefecturae), some of which, in the mid-1st century BC, were granted the status of municipia: Aesis (Iesi), Suasa, Ostra, and Forum Sempronii (Fossombrone).
The construction, in 220 BC, of the Via Flaminia shifted the relative position of the Ager, which was now connected to the seat of power by the consular road that traversed it along the Metauro river valley.

### Later administrative organisation

After the Augustan administrative reorganization of the Italian peninsula, the Ager Gallicus was united with Umbria and became part of the Regio VI Umbria et Ager Gallicus.
The Diocletian reform of 300 AD split the Ager from Umbria, and combined with the Picenum to become the province Flaminia et Picenum.
Later, under emperor Theodosius I, the territory was split again (this time from Picenum, which became the province of Picenum Suburbicarium), and became part of the province of Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium. Some scholars see in this new name, which for the first time included the word "Picenum", as an acknowledgement (albeit belated) by Rome of the Italic people known as the Piceni, which had lived in the area between the 10th and 4th century BC.
# Ager publicus

The ager publicus (Classical Latin:; lit. 'public land') is the Latin name for the state land of ancient Rome. It was usually acquired via the means of expropriation from enemies of Rome.

## History

In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the ager publicus was used for Roman and (after 338 BC) Latin colonies. Later tradition held that as far back as the 5th century BC, the patrician and plebeian classes disputed the rights of the rich to exploit the land, and in 367 BC two Plebeian Tribunes, Gaius Licinius Solo and Lucius Sextius Sextinus Lateranus promulgated a law which limited the amount of the ager publicus to be held by any individual to 500 iugera, roughly 325 acres (1.32 km$^2$).
In the half century following the Battle of Telamon (c. 225 BC), the Romans fully absorbed Cisalpine Gaul, adding huge swathes of land to the ager publicus, land which was more often than not given to new Latin colonies or to small freeholders. In the south of Italy, huge tracts of newly re-incorporated lands remained ager publicus, but tended to be leased out to wealthy citizens in return for rents (although these rents were usually not collected), often ignoring the Laws of 367. This led to the rapid growth of latifundia, huge estates worked by slaves.
Other ager publicus remained with the Italian allies from whom it had been confiscated. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus attempted to address some of these violations in 133 BC, by reimposing the limit of 500 iugera and distributing excess land to poor citizens. A similar move by his brother Gaius Sempronius Gracchus in 123 BC failed because of his death the following year. In 111 BC, a new law was passed which allowed individual smallholders to assume ownership of their part of the ager publicus.
But the resistance of the rich landowners made this law impotent and the result of the land reforms of the Gracchi was that rich Romans were left with their properties and were released from paying rent. In the Social War (91–87 BC) of Sulla the Ager Publicus received a vast increase by proscriptions and confiscations.
By the Imperial period, much of the ager publicus in Italy had been distributed to the veterans of generals such as Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, so that all that remained were the properties of individual cities and common pasture lands. In the provinces, the ager publicus was huge, and came under the ownership of the emperor. However, in reality, almost all of it was under private occupation.
# Aframomum chrysanthum

Aframomum chrysanthum is a monocotyledonous plant species the family Zingiberaceae first described by John Michael Lock.
# Aframomum exscapum

Aframomum exscapum is a species of plant in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It was first described by John Sims and got its current name from Frank Nigel Hepper.
Its Susu name is dadigogo. Another name is balancounfa. It was described in 1891 by Edouard Heckel, who wrongly attributed to it the name of Ceratanthera Beaumetzi.
# Afrobeata

Afrobeata is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Lodovico di Caporiacco in 1941. As of August 2022 it contains only three species, found only in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and on Socotra: A. firma, A. latithorax, and A. magnifica. The name is derived from "Africa" and the genus Beata.
# Holger Danske (disambiguation)

Holger Danske, or Ogier the Dane, is a legendary character appearing in medieval chansons de geste.
Holger Danske may also refer to:
* Holger Danske (resistance group) a Danish resistance group of World War II
* Holger Danske (opera), a 1789 Danish opera with music by F.L.Æ. Kunzen and Jens Baggesen
* MS Holger Danske, a car- and passenger ferry between Oslo, Norway and Denmark 1961-1989.
# Agabus bifarius

Agabus bifarius is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America.
ITIS Taxonomic note:
# Agnès Zugasti

Agnès Zugasti (born 15 May 1972) is a French former professional tennis player.

## Biography

Zugasti reached a best singles ranking of 169 in the world, with three ITF titles.
During the early 1990s she competed in WTA Tour events. She took Nathalie Tauziat, then the world number 15, to a final set tiebreak in a first round loss at Bayonne in 1991. Her only main draw win came at the 1992 Birmingham Classic, where she beat Shannan McCarthy before being eliminated in the second round by top seed Zina Garrison.
At the 1992 French Open she played as a wildcard in the women's singles.

## ITF finals
### Singles (3–2)

* Legend
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 26 February 1990 | Wigan, United Kingdom | Hard | Tanja Hauschildt | 1–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
| Loss | 2. | 25 February 1991 | Lisbon, Portugal | Clay | Sofie Albinus | 7–6, 3–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 3. | 29 April 1991 | Barcelona, Spain | Clay | Ana-Belen Quintana | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Win | 4. | 6 May 1991 | Lerida, Spain | Clay | Estefania Bottini | 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 |
| Loss | 5. | 3 June 1991 | Milan, Italy | Clay | Irina Spîrlea | 4–6, 5–7 |

### Doubles (1–0)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1. | 3 December 1990 | Le Havre, France | Clay | Julie Halard-Decugis | Gaby Coorengel Amy van Buuren | 6–3, 6–0 |
# Agnès de La Gorce

Agnès de La Gorce (February 8, 1895, Lille — July 7, 1976, Paris) was a French writer and historian.

## Biography

Agnès de La Gorce is the daughter of the historian and academician Pierre de La Gorce, to whom she dedicated a work in 1948, and of Marie Mailhard de la Couture; she is the aunt of the journalist and historian Paul-Marie de La Gorce.
In 1959, after having been distinguished several times by the French Academy, she received the Gustave Le Mallais-Larivière prize for her works.
She was a member of the Prix Femina jury from 1945 until her death in 1976.

## Publications

* Robert Hugh Benson, prêtre et romancier, 1871-1914, Paris, Plon, 1928, 301 p. (Juteau-Duvigneaux award from the French Academy in 1929)
* Les douloureux débuts de Francis Thompson, 1931
* Un pauvre qui trouva la joie. Saint Benoît Labre, 1933
* Francis Thompson et les poètes catholiques d’Angleterre, Paris, Plon, 1933, 261 p. (Bordin award from the French Academy)
* Wesley, maître d'un peuple (1703-1791), 1940 (Eugène Carrière award from the French Academy in 1941)
* Saint Benoît Labre : le pèlerin de la joie , Paris, Éditions franciscaines, 1946 ; traduction en anglais : Saint Benedict Joseph Labre (trad. Rosemary Sheed), New York, 1952
* Une vocation d’historien : Pierre de La Gorce, Paris, Plon, 1948, 225 p.
* Camisards et dragons du Roi , Paris, Albin Michel, 1951, (Albéric-Rocheron award from the French Academy)
* Le vrai visage de Fénelon, Paris, Hachette, 1958
* Sainte Chantal, Tours, Mame, 1961, 97 p.
# 4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide

4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4-PTSC) is a thiosemicarbazide used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide. It also possesses antibacterial properties attributed to electron delocalization in the thiosemicarbazide moiety.
# Thomas Ainger

Thomas Ainger (1 August 1799 – 15 November 1863) was an English clergyman.

## Biography

He was born on 1 August 1799 at Whittlesey and educated at the Norwich grammar school and St. John's College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1821, became curate at St. Giles's, Reading, in 1822, and afterwards assistant minister at St. Mary's, Greenwich. He married Frances Barnard in 1828, and left a family. In 1841 he was presented by Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson to the perpetual curacy of Hampstead, which he held till his death on 15 November 1863. In 1861 he became honorary prebendary of St. Paul's. Mr. Ainger was energetic as a parish clergyman and poor-law guardian; he enlarged his church, and helped to found schools and a dispensary and to provide new churches in the rapidly developing district round Hampstead. His performance of the divine services is said to have been very impressive. His publications consisted of a few sermons. Arthur Campbell Ainger was his son.
# Vale Verde

Vale Verde is a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
# Sport Club Bom Jesus

Sport Club Bom Jesus was a Brazilian football club based in Matriz de Camaragibe, Alagoas. The team last participated in the Campeonato Alagoano in the 2006 season.
The club was founded on 1 January 1928.

## Honours

* Campeonato Alagoano Second Division
** Winners (2): 1990, 2001