OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spike S-512

The Spike S-512 is a projected supersonic business jet, designed by Spike Aerospace, an American aerospace manufacturer firm based in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Design

It would allow long flights for business and private travelers, such as from New York City to London, to take only three to four hours instead of six to seven. The aircraft will not have windows for the passengers. Instead, it will be equipped with cameras sending external views to thin, curved displays lining the interior walls of the fuselage.

## Development

In early 2014, the company planned to promote the project with an exhibit at the 2014 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh airshow. Spike then expected to launch the plane by December 2018. In January 2017, a subsonic scale prototype was planned to fly in summer 2017 to demonstrate low-speed aerodynamic flight characteristics, before a series of larger prototypes and a supersonic demonstrator by the end of 2018, Spike intended to certify the S-512 by 2023. By Spring 2018, Spike studied a 40- to 50-seat variant for the 13 million passengers interested in supersonic transport projected by 2025. In September 2018, Spike intended to fly the S-512 by early 2021 and start deliveries in 2023. In June 2021, Spike was reported to still be developing an 18-seat version.

## Specifications

Data from Spike
General characteristics
* Capacity: 18 passengers
* Length: 122 ft (37 m)
* Wingspan: 58 ft (18 m)
* Empty weight: 47,250 lb (21,432 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 115,000 lb (52,163 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 56,000 lb
* Powerplant: 2 × engines , 20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 1,033 kn (1,189 mph, 1,913 km/h) Mach 1.8
* Cruise speed: 918 kn (1,056 mph, 1,700 km/h) Mach 1.6
* Range: 6,200 nmi (7,100 mi, 11,500 km)
* Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15,000 m)
# 2018 European Mountain Bike Championships

The 2018 European Mountain Bike Championships was held in Glasgow, United Kingdom, on 8 August 2018, the championships are part of the first European Championships with other six sports events happening in Glasgow and Berlin.
In 2018 for the first time the European championships of four cycling specialties (Road, Track, BMX and Mountain bike), were held in a single period and a single venue, and the events were part of the program of the first edition of the European Championships.

## Events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men's Events |||||||
| Cross-country | Lars Förster Switzerland | Lars Förster Switzerland | Luca Braidot Italy | Luca Braidot Italy | David Valero Spain | David Valero Spain |
| Women's Events |||||||
| Cross-country | Jolanda Neff Switzerland | Jolanda Neff Switzerland | Pauline Ferrand-Prévot France | Pauline Ferrand-Prévot France | Githa Michiels Belgium | Githa Michiels Belgium |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Switzerland (SUI) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# White Hall Plantation House Ruins and Oak Avenue

White Hall Plantation House Ruins and Oak Avenue is a historic plantation site located near Ridgeland, Jasper County, South Carolina. The site consists of the ruins of a brick house with tabby wings and twin tabby flanking outbuildings; a tabby retaining wall; and a massive double avenue of oaks planted in the late-18th or early-19th century. The plantation house was built between 1771 and 1776, then enlarged between 1786 and 1791. The house at White Hall burned about 1870 and was not renovated or occupied afterward.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
# Tropic, Utah

Tropic is a town in Garfield County, Utah, United States, along Utah Scenic Byway 12. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 486. Tropic was founded in 1891.

## Geography

Tropic is in southern Garfield County along Utah Route 12, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) southeast of Bryce Canyon City and 5 miles (8 km) north of Cannonville. It is in the Tropic Valley, drained by the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles (21.7 km$^2$), of which 0.02 square miles (0.06 km$^2$), or 0.26%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 508 people in the town, organized into 160 households and 132 families. The population density was 60.6 people per square mile (23.4/km$^2$). There were 206 housing units at an average density of 24.6 per square mile (9.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.06% White, 0.39% Native American, 1.38% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. There were no African Americans, Asians, or Pacific Islanders. 2.36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 160 households, out of which 41.9% had children under 18 living with them, 73.8% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 13.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone who was 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 3.18, and the average family size was 3.52.
The town's population was spread out, with 34.6% under 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,500, and the median income for a family was $44,125. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,896. 2.1% of the population and 3.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.0% of those under 18 and 10.0% of those 65 and older lived below the poverty line.

## Notable people

* Wanda Day, drummer of the rock band 4 Non Blondes. Day died on July 10, 1997, at age 36 and is buried in the Tropic cemetery.
# 1921 Liège–Bastogne–Liège

The 1921 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 11th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 29 May 1921. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Louis Mottiat.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Louis Mottiat (BEL) | 7h 23' 00" |
| 2 | Marcel Lacour (BEL) | + 0" |
| 3 | Jean Rossius (BEL) | + 0" |
| 4 | Adolphe Coppez (BEL) | + 0" |
| 5 | Guillaume Nyssen (BEL) | + 0" |
| 6 | Léon Scieur (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Félix Sellier (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Hector Heusghem (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Frans Beths (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Jules Matton (BEL) | + 0" |
# 1989 NCAA Division III baseball tournament

The 1989 NCAA Division III baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1989 NCAA Division III baseball season to determine the 14th national champion of college baseball at the NCAA Division III level. The tournament concluded with six teams competing at Muzzy Field in Bristol, Connecticut, for the championship. Six regional tournaments were held to determine the participants in the World Series. Regional tournaments were contested in double-elimination format, with one region consisting of six teams, four regions consisting of four teams, and one region consisting of two teams, which was played as best-of-five, for a total of 24 teams participating in the tournament. The tournament champion was N.C. Wesleyan, who defeated Cal State Stanislaus for the championship.
# Black River Killer

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 68/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Consequence of Sound | |
| NOW | |
| Under the Radar | |
| Contact Music | |
| MusicOMH | |
| PopMatters | |
Black River Killer is an EP by American band Blitzen Trapper, released on August 25, 2009. It features previously released track "Black River Killer" from their 2008 album, Furr, as well as 6 songs previously unreleased.
The 12" version was released on October 6, 2009.

## Track listing

All songs written by Eric Earley.
# Broomlee railway station

Broomlee railway station served the village of West Linton, Peeblesshire, Scotland, from 1864 to 1933 on the Leadburn, Linton and Dolphinton Railway.

## History

The station opened as West Linton on 4 July 1864 by the Leadburn, Linton and Dolphinton Railway. It was also known as Broomlee cot West Linton in the NBR and LMS timetables. On the north side of the platform was the station building and the goods yard, which was on the opposite side of the level crossing, had sidings to the north and the south. The station's name was changed to Broomlee to avoid confusion with another station of the same name. The signal box, which was opened in 1895, was to the northeast of the station building. The station closed on 3 May 1933.
# Worm-snail

The common name worm-snail (or worm snail, wormsnail, or worm shell) applies to a family and several species of gastropod:
* Vermetidae (family)
** Dendropoma corallinaceum
** Thylacodes (genus)
*** Thylacodes aotearoicus
*** Thylacodes natalensis
*** Thylacodes squamigerus
*** Thylacodes zelandicus
* Vermicularia knorrii (common name Florida worm snail)
# Stanislovas Kęsgaila (died 1532)

Stanislovas Kęstgaila (1503–1532) was a Lithuanian nobleman, son of Stanislovas Kęsgaila from the Kęsgaila family. Stanislovas Kęstgaila was the Elder of Samogitia (1527–1532) and castellan of Trakai (1528–1532). After marriage to Anna, daughter of Stanisław Kiszka, Stanislovas was the wealthiest magnate in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
When Stanislovas was appointed as the Elder of Samogitia in 1527, Grand Duke Sigismund I the Old limited power and income of the elder as 17 valsčius were transferred to Grand Duke's jurisdiction. The elder was left with 8 valsčius (Karklėnai, Kražiai, Medingėnai [lt], Patumšiai [lt], Pavandenė, Tendžiogala [lt], Viduklė and Žarėnai) that had only about 10% of the Samogitian population. After Stanislovas' early death, the office of the Elder of Samogitia was assigned to Piotr Kiszka, who was not a member of the Kęsgaila family, which had the position of Elders of Samogitia for more than a century. Stanislovas' last will left about a third of his possessions to the Grand Duke, who then transferred the towns to his wife, the Grand Duchess Bona Sforza. Subsequently the family faded from the public life.
# Tomás de Mattos

Tomás de Mattos Hernández (October 14, 1947 – March 21, 2016) was a Uruguayan writer and librarian. Being from Tacuarembó, de Mattos was one of the relatively few contemporary Uruguayan writers from the north of the country.
As a librarian, de Mattos also served as the director of the National Library of Uruguay.
He won the Premio Bartolomé Hidalgo and the Fraternity Award in 1990.

## Works

Among some of the most known works of Tomás de Mattos are the following:
* La puerta de la misericordia (2002)
* Ni Dios permita ; Cielo de Bagdad (2001)
* A la sombra del paraíso (1998)
* A palabra limpia : premios y menciones, primer Concurso de Cuentos para Jovenes (1997)
* Historia estampada (1997)
* La fragata de las máscaras (1996)
* Bernabé, Bernabé! (1988)
* La gran sequía (1984)
* Trampas de barro (1983)
* Libros y perros (1975)
# Trophées de France

The Trophées de France, was a domestic championship which took place in France for between 1964 and 1967, for Formula Two cars.

## History

Formula Two was the traditionally been regarded as the last major stepping stone for F1 hopefuls - it is typically the last point in a driver's career at which most drivers in the series are aiming at professional careers in racing rather than being amateurs and enthusiasts.
Most notably thing with the Trophées de France, it was domination by one marque, who won three of the four titles. In 1964, 1966 and 1967, these titles were won by drivers using Brabham cars.

## Champions

| Season | Champion | Team | Car |
| 1964 | Jack Brabham | Brabham Racing Organisation | Brabham-Cosworth BT10 |
| 1965 | Jim Clark | Ron Harris – Team Lotus | Lotus-Cosworth 35 |
| 1966 | Jack Brabham | Brabham Racing Organisation | Brabham-Honda BT18 |
| 1967 | Jochen Rindt | Roy Winkelmann Racing | Brabham-Cosworth BT23 |
# 1930 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team

The 1930 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State Normal College—now known as California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt—as an independent during the 1930 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Fred Telonicher, the Lumberjacks compiled a record of 0–6. Humboldt State was shut out in five of their six games and gave up an average of 45 points per game, being outscored 268 to 7 for the season. The team played home games at Albee Stadium in Eureka, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 4 | at Chico State | College FieldChico, CA | L 0–58 |
| October 10 | Southern Oregon Normal | Albee StadiumEureka, CA | L 7–19 |
| October 18 | at Oregon Normal | Monmouth, OR | L 0–33 |
| November 1 | Saint Mary's freshmen | Albee StadiumEureka, CA | L 0–53 |
| November 8 | at Menlo | Atherton, CA | L 0–92 |
| November 15 | at Santa Rosa | Nevers FieldSanta Rosa, CA | L 0–13 |
# 1987 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré

The 1987 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 39th edition of the cycle race and was held from 25 May to 2 June 1987. The race started in Grenoble and finished in Carpentras. The race was won by Charly Mottet of the Système U team.

## Teams

Fifteen teams, containing a total of 131 riders, participated in the race:
* Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
* Vétements Z–Peugeot
* Superconfex–Kwantum–Yoko–Colnago
* Fagor–MBK
* Kas
* RMO–Cycles Méral–Mavic
* Toshiba–Look
* Café de Colombia–Varta
* Système U
* AD Renting–Fangio–IOC–MBK
* Teka
* Colombia amateur team
* Poland amateur team
* Czechoslovakia amateur team
* Italy amateur team

## Route

Stage characteristics and winners :
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner |
| P | 25 May | Grenoble | 3 km (1.9 mi) | Individual time trial | Erich Maechler (SUI) |
| 1 | 26 May | Grenoble to Ferney-Voltaire | 202 km (126 mi) | | Laurent Biondi (FRA) |
| 2 | 27 May | Bellegarde to Saint-Étienne | 195 km (121 mi) | | Bruno Cornillet (FRA) |
| 3 | 28 May | Saint-Étienne to Valence | 110 km (68 mi) | | Bruno Wojtinek (FRA) |
| 4 | 29 May | Valence | 32 km (20 mi) | Individual time trial | Erich Maechler (SUI) |
| 5 | 30 May | Chambéry to Lyon | 202 km (126 mi) | | Niki Rüttimann (SUI) |
| 6 | 31 May | Chambéry to Valfréjus | 183 km (114 mi) | | Henry Cárdenas (COL) |
| 7 | 1 June | Bardonecchia to Bardonecchia | 163 km (101 mi) | | Thierry Claveyrolat (FRA) |
| 8 | 2 June | Sisteron to Carpentras | 193 km (120 mi) | | Roy Knickman (USA) |

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Charly Mottet (FRA) | Système U | 34h 30' 25" |
| 2 | Henry Cárdenas (COL) | Café de Colombia–Varta | + 2' 44" |
| 3 | Ronan Pensec (FRA) | Vétements Z–Peugeot | + 3' 32" |
| 4 | Thierry Claveyrolat (FRA) | RMO–Cycles Méral–Mavic | + 3' 54" |
| 5 | Bruno Cornillet (FRA) | Vétements Z–Peugeot | + 5' 17" |
| 6 | Bernard Vallet (FRA) | RMO–Cycles Méral–Mavic | + 5' 30" |
| 7 | Régis Simon (FRA) | RMO–Cycles Méral–Mavic | + 5' 50" |
| 8 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Toshiba–Look | + 6' 02" |
| 9 | Eduardo Chozas (ESP) | Teka | + 7' 56" |
| 10 | Pascal Simon (FRA) | Vétements Z–Peugeot | + 8' 23" |
# Black dot (disease)

Black dot disease is caused by the plant pathogen known as Colletotrichum coccodes (C. coccodes). It affects all underground parts of the potato, including the roots, tuber, and stolon. C. coccodes is also able to infect the stem and foliage of the potato plant. It can be introduced into an area by planting an infected tuber, and then spreading to other plants. A sign of black dot disease is black microsclerotia that are produced by the pathogen, and can be found on the roots, the tuber, the stems, and the leaves. This can be used to diagnose black dot. Symptoms of black dot disease include silvery lesions on the surface of the tuber, brown or black lesions on the leaves, leaf wilting, and chlorosis.

## Environment

Black dot disease can be seen in many of the places that grow potatoes around the world. In a lab cultured sample taken from black dot of potatoes, conidia grew best at 82.4 F and a pH of 6. High humidity and temperature are conducive to the inoculation of black dot. The disease is spread more quickly when there are many sclerotia in the soil, rather than when the foliage is inoculated by conidiospores. Conidia can be spread most readily by water and wind. Infection often occurs in early spring, but symptoms later in the growing season. Stressed plants are more susceptible to getting black dot than plants that are more healthy.

## Management

Spraying fungicides early on in the growing season, before the inoculation of black dot, can reduce the severity of the infection. If fungicide is applied later in the growing season, it has little to no effect on the disease. For fungicides to have a lasting effect, they must be sprayed multiple times. Cultural control is another way to manage black dot disease. This includes rotating non-host crops. The rotation needs to be fairly long (3–4 years), to allow for the survival structures (sclerotia) to die. Other control methods include using certified seed potatoes, planting in soil with relatively low moisture levels, and controlling the level of humidity and the temperature of stored tubers.
# Broompark

Broompark is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated some 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Durham city. It was once the site of the Broompark colliery, operated by North Brancepeth Coal company. The oldest remaining buildings in the village are Broom Farm guesthouse, built in 1711, and Broom Farm West, also built in the early 18th century. It was also the site of The Loves pub, which is now closed.
* This County Durham location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Worm (artillery)

A worm is a device used to remove unspent powder bag remnants from a cannon or other piece of muzzle-loading field artillery. It usually took the form of a double or triple corkscrew-shaped piece of iron on the end of a long pole that could be twisted down the barrel to pick up any debris left over from the previous firing of the weapon or used to extract a misfired charge. It was usually turned twice before being pulled out.
The worm during the civil war was either on its own pole hanging from the artillery carriage or attached to the end of the sponge.
# Spinipogon resthavenensis

Spinipogon resthavenensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Ontario and Ohio to Florida and Texas. The habitat consists of tallgrass prairies.
The wingspan is about 9 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in July.

## Etymology

The species is named to honor the prairies at Resthaven Wildlife Area at Castalia, Ohio.
# 2018 European Modern Pentathlon Championships

The 2018 European Modern Pentathlon Championships was held in Székesfehérvár, Hungary from 17 to 23 July 2018.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual | Valentin Prades | Ádám Marosi | Joseph Choong |
| Team | France Valentin Prades Valentin Belaud Christopher Patte | Hungary Ádám Marosi Bence Demeter Gergely Regős | Ukraine Pavlo Tymoshchenko Yuriy Fedechko Denys Pavlyuk |
| Relay | France Simon Casse Brice Loubet | Germany Marvin Dogue Matthias Sandten | Latvia Pāvels Švecovs Ruslans Nakoņečnijs |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual | Marie Oteiza | Kate French | Sarolta Kovács |
| Team | Hungary Sarolta Kovács Tamara Alekszejev Zsófia Földházi | Ireland Natalya Coyle Eilidh Prise Sive Brassil | France Marie Oteiza Julie Belhamri Manon Barbaza |
| Relay | Belarus Volha Silkina Iryna Prasiantsova | Ireland Kate Coleman-Lenehan Eilidh Prise | Russia Ekaterina Khuraskina Svetlana Lebedeva |

### Mixed events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Relay | France Marie Oteiza Valentin Prades | Italy Alessandra Frezza Valerio Grasselli | Hungary Sarolta Kovács Bence Demeter |

### Medal table

* Host nation (Hungary)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | France | 5 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 2 | Hungary* | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Belarus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Ireland | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Great Britain | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Italy | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Latvia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Russia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | Totals (10 entries) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 |
# When I Pretend to Fall

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.2/10 |
When I Pretend to Fall is the second album by indie rock band The Long Winters. It was released on Barsuk Records in 2003.

## Track listing

* "Blue Diamonds" – 3:49
* "Scared Straight" – 4:17
* "Shapes" – 4:03
* "Cinnamon" – 4:12
* "Bride and Bridle" – 3:32
* "Blanket Hog" – 6:06
* "It'll Be a Breeze" – 2:59
* "Stupid" – 4:01
* "Prom Night at Hater High" – 4:06
* "New Girl" – 2:31
* "The Sound of Coming Down" – 3:51
* "Nora" – 4:22

## Band members

With the exception of one tour in 2003, when Ken Stringfellow temporarily replaced Sean Nelson (and The Long Winters became Stringfellow's backing band), The Long Winters' lineup remained as follows from 2002-early 2004.
* John Roderick – vocals, guitar, keyboards, lap steel, tambourine, loops
* Sean Nelson – vocals, keyboards
* Michael Shilling – drums
* Eric Corson – bass, accordion

### Additional Players (alphabetically, by track)

* Jon Auer – electric guitar (2)
* Peter Buck – mandolin (4)
* Chris Caniglia – keyboards (3, 11)
* Dave Carter – trumpet (2)
* Katrina Cordi – violin (6)
* Jennifer Falkner – vocals (10)
* Craig Flory – tenor sax (2)
* Nathan Harrison – cello (6)
* Kerry Downing Johnson – viola (6)
* Scott McCaughey – boomerang harmonica (5)
* Sean Ripple – vibraphone (12)
* Bart Roderick – organ, piano (4, 9, 10)
* Steve Scalfati – alto sax (2)
* Mike Simpson – French horn (1)
* Sarah Standard – viola (9)
* Ken Stringfellow – vocals, piano, kurzweil, bass (1, 2, 4, 6, 8)
* Megan Thompson – vocals (10)
* Chris Walla – guitars (2, 11)
* Christa Wells – vocals (4)
* Blake Wescott – tambourine (3, 8, 11)
* Stephanie Wicker – vocals (4)
* Gloria Wu – vocals (10)

## Other information

* Track 9, "Prom Night at Hater High" is also the title of a One Tree Hill episode from season 4.
* The album's title comes from track 8 "Stupid".
* The indie rock band BOAT parodied the album's cover art, among several others, on its 2011 release Dress Like Your Idols.
# Tricorynus punctatus

Tricorynus punctatus is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae. It is found in North America.