OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1849 in Russia

Events from the year 1849 in Russia

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Nicholas I

## Events

* Grand Kremlin Palace
* Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112
* Nakhichevansky Uyezd
* Ordubadsky Uyezd
* Wissotzky Tea

## Births

* February 22 – Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin, mathematician (d. 1915)
# Bahnhofsviertel (disambiguation)

Bahnhofsviertel may refer to:
* Bahnhofsviertel, a borough of Frankfurt
* Südstadt (Karlsruhe), the former name of a borough of Karlsruhe
# The Holland Sentinel

The Holland Sentinel is a newspaper published six days a week in Holland, Michigan, United States, founded in 1896. It is published by Gannett.
The newspaper covers most of Ottawa County, including Holland, Beechwood and Zeeland, as well as northern Allegan County, Michigan, including Douglas and Saugatuck.

## History

Originally an afternoon paper published six days a week, the Sentinel moved to Saturday mornings and then added a Sunday edition in the late 1980s. In the late 1990s, the paper adopted a morning format for all seven days.
Before adopting the name The Holland Sentinel, it was called The Holland Evening Sentinel (1928–1977), and before that the Holland Daily Sentinel.
The paper was formerly owned by Stauffer Communications, which was acquired by Morris Communications in 1994. Morris sold the paper, along with 13 others, to GateHouse Media in 2007. In 2019, GateHouse announced it was acquiring Gannett to become the country's largest newspaper chain in the United States.
In the mid 1980s, the Sentinel was a satellite publishing site for the Chicago Tribune.
In the early 2000s, printing operations were moved to the Allegan, Michigan, facilities of The Flashes, a weekly advertising only newspaper that Morris Communications had purchased a few years prior. The paper is now published in Detroit.
# They'll Do It Every Time

They'll Do It Every Time is a single-panel newspaper comic strip, created by Jimmy Hatlo, which had a long run over eight decades, first appearing on February 5, 1929, and continuing until February 3, 2008. The title of the strip became a popular catchphrase.

## Publication history

Hatlo, a sports cartoonist, created the panel to fill space on the comics page of the San Francisco Call-Bulletin. Hatlo kept producing the panel, and before long readers were sending fan mail. The feature proved so popular that it was eventually syndicated by King Features Syndicate beginning in 1936, with a Sunday panel added on July 4, 1943.

## Characters and story

The gags illustrated minor absurdities, frustrations, hypocrisies, ironies and misfortunes of everyday life. These were displayed in a single-panel or two-panel format. If two panels, the left-side panel showed some deceptive, pretentious, unwitting or scheming human behavior, with the second panel revealing the truth of the situation.
Hellish scenes were the subjects of his topper strip, The Hatlo Inferno, which ran with They'll Do It Every Time from 1953 to 1958. An occasional feature of They'll Do It Every Time was "Hatlo's History" which enabled the cartoonist to satirize memorable moments from earlier centuries.
In its early decades, a timid man named Henry Tremblechin was a recurring victim of the strip's observations. Tremblechin's bratty daughter, Little Iodine, appeared so often she graduated into her own comic strip (Aug 15, 1943 – Aug 14, 1983), comic book (1949–62), a 1946 movie and a 1988 animated cartoon show.

## A tip of the Hatlo hat

Ideas and gags usually came from suggestions by readers, who were credited with a small acknowledgment box with a tiny drawing of Hatlo tipping his hat. Hatlo continued working on They'll Do It Every Time until his death in 1963 when the team of Al Scaduto and Bob Dunn took over the strip. The readers continued to be credited for their suggestions, but the drawing of the "Hatlo hat" was dropped.
After Dunn's death in 1989, They'll Do It Every Time was written and drawn by Scaduto, who died December 8, 2007, at age 79. King Features announced that the strip would not continue with another cartoonist and ceased publication on February 2, 2008. At the time of Scaduto's death, King Features was distributing the panel to more than 100 American newspapers.

## Awards

The strip, as well as Bob Dunn, received the National Cartoonists Society's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1968, 1969 and 1979 (with Al Scaduto), plus the Reuben Award for 1975. Al Scaduto won the Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1991 and 1997 for his work on the strip.
# Xyris torta

Xyris torta, the slender yelloweyed grass, is a North American species of flowering plant in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is widespread in the central and eastern United States from New Hampshire to Georgia, west as far as Minnesota, Nebraska, and eastern Texas.
Xyris torta is a perennial herb with a stem up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall with long, narrow twisted leaves up to 50 cm (20 inches) long but generally less than 5 mm (0.2 inches) wide.
# Sins of My Father

Sins of My Father may refer to:
* Sins of My Father (film), a 2009 Argentine documentary film about Pablo Escobar
* "Sins of My Father" (song), a 2012 song by Usher
* "Sins of My Father", a 1995 song by Andy Prieboy from Sins of Our Fathers
* "Sins of My Father", a 2004 song by Tom Waits from Real Gone
# Arnault

Arnault may refer to:
* Antoine-Vincent Arnault (1766–1834), French dramatist and poet
* Bernard Arnault (born 1949), French businessman
* Delphine Arnault (born 1975), his daughter, a French businesswoman
* Jean Arnault (born 1951), French diplomat
* Jean-Claude Arnault (born 1946), French-Swedish photographer and convicted sex offender
# Vakil Water Storage

The Vakil Water Storage is an ab anbar (water cistern) that was built in the late 18th century during the Zand dynasty. Karim Khan, the founder of the Zand dynasty, made Shiraz his capital and initiated the construction of new monuments and buildings that were necessary to improve the citizens' quality of life. He began to create a bazaar, situated at the capital, which was named Vakil Bazaar. Later on, Karim Khan ordered engineers to build a public bath as there were no baths in people's homes back during that period. The Vakil Bath construction was also completed in a short time, but the new capital of Iran needed a better source of fresh water, which is why his majesty thought about building a water reservoir chamber, an ab anbar.
# Wadewitz

Wadewitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrianne Wadewitz (1977–2014), American feminist scholar of 18th-century British literature, and Wikipedia contributor.
* Don Wadewitz (born 1974), American sportscaster.
# Botanamphora

Botanamphora is a genus of fungi within the Melanconidaceae family.
# 1669 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Works published
### Great Britain

* Sir John Denham, Cato Major of Old Age, a verse paraphrase of Cicero's De senectute
* Richard Flecknoe, Epigrams of All Sorts

### Other

* René Rapin, Observations sur les poèmes d'Homère et de Virgile, critical essay, Paris; France

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* February 3 – Kada no Azumamaro (died 1736), Japanese early Edo period poet and philologist

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* March 19 – John Denham (born 1614 or 1615), English poet and courtier, buried in Westminster Abbey
* September 3 – Esteban Manuel de Villegas (born 1589), Spanish
* September 30 – Henry King (born 1592), English poet and bishop
* October 8 – Jane Cavendish (born 1621), English poet and playwright
# Bailey Branch

Bailey Branch may refer to:
* Bailey Branch (Barren Fork tributary), a stream in Miller County, Missouri, United States
* Bailey Branch (Camp Creek tributary), a stream in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States
* Bailey Branch (Courtois Creek tributary), a stream in Washington County, Missouri, United States
# Tetraulax junodi

Tetraulax junodi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950.
# Theresa Schaeffer

Theresa Schaeffer was a 19th century German composer who wrote music for orchestra, piano and voice. Little is known about her life and education, but she composed works through at least opus 27 which were published by Carl Paez (active 1842–1900) and Adolf Martin Schlesinger (active 1810–1838). Her compositions included:

## Orchestra

* Festival Overture

## Piano

* Capriccio, opus 16
* Etincelles
* Lamentations Erotique, opus 1
* Mazurka, opus 5
* Nocturne, opus 15
* Rondo Brilliant, opus 14
* Scherzo, opus 17
* Serenade, opus 27

## Vocal

* Cradle Song, opus 22
* Fourteen songs (collection)
* Two Songs, opus 6
* Two Songs, opus 7
# Xyris tennesseensis

Xyris tennesseensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Xyridaceae known by the common name Tennessee yellow-eyed grass. It is native to a small section of the Southeastern United States, including parts of the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. A federally listed endangered species, it is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat.
Xyris tennesseensis is a perennial herb growing 30 to 70 centimetres (12 to 28 in) tall. The branching stem is bulbous and fleshy at the base. The leaves are long and narrow and originate at the swollen stem base. They are up to 45 centimeters (18 inches) long and not more than a centimeter (0.4 inch) 45/2.5 wide. They are flat but sometimes twisted, and green with reddish or pink bases. The inflorescence at the tip of the stem is a cone-like spike covered in tough brown scales. The flowers within are pale yellow.
Each spike generally produces one flower per day, or sometimes two. The flower opens for a short time in the late morning and closes by mid-afternoon. Blooming occurs in August and September. The plants are pollinated by insects, especially the sweat bee Lasioglossum zephyrus, which has been observed opening the buds to remove pollen before the flower opens, as to ensure it has first and exclusive access to the pollen.
This plant grows in open areas in wet habitat types such as streambanks, seeps, fens, and wet meadows. The soils are thin and cover calcareous rock. The plant grows in neutral to basic soils, unlike other Xyris species, which usually occur in acidic soils.
There are 16 to 25 populations of the plant in three US states. Some have been recently extirpated, others are declining, and several others are in danger of destruction. Threats to the species include habitat destruction during timber operations, including clearcutting. Timber companies own much of the land occupied by the plant in Tennessee. Removal of stands of trees causes the soil to dry, making it inhospitable for this wetland endemic plant. Road construction and maintenance, including herbicide application, is a threat.
The plant requires open, sunny habitat for germination and growth, and it is threatened by the encroachment of large and woody vegetation in some areas. Proper land management includes the clearing of brush and the removal of exotic plant species such as Nepal grass (Microstegium vimineum).

## Interactions with other species

Flowers of Xyris tennesseensis are visited by the primitively social sweat bee, Lasioglossum zephyrum. This bee is known to force open the plant's flowers, granting the bee priority access to the pollen.
# Shōma

Shōma, Shoma or Shouma (written: 翔馬, 翔雅, 匠馬, 正馬, 昌磨 or 聖真) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Shoma Doi (土居 聖真, born 1992), Japanese footballer
* Shoma Kamata (鎌田 翔雅, born 1989), Japanese footballer
* Shoma Mizunaga (水永 翔馬, born 1985), Japanese footballer
* Shoma Morita (森田 正馬, 1874–1938), Japanese psychologist
* Shoma Uno (宇野 昌磨, born 1997), Japanese figure skater
* Shouma Yamamoto (山本 匠馬, born 1983), Japanese actor
Fictional Characters
* Shoma Enda from the game AI: The Somnium Files - Nirvana Initiative
* Shoma Stomach (also known as Shoma Inoue) from the Tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Gavv
# Arnaut Catalan

Arnaut Catalan (fl. 1219–1253) was a troubadour active in the Languedoc, Catalonia, and Castile. He left behind five cansos, three tensos, and one religious song.
Arnaut's origins are disputed. Most Catalan scholars, such as Milà and Fontanals, believe him to be a Catalan, hence his nickname. Others, such as Chabaneau, assign him to a prominent family from Toulouse named "Catalan". If the latter is correct he is probably the same as the Dominican Inquisitor who persecuted Cathars with such force that he was almost killed by a mob in Albi in 1234. The troubadour was probably in Lombardy at the Este court in Caleone between 1221 and 1233.
Four of Arnaut's cansos are dedicated to Beatrice of Savoy, wife of Raymond Berengar IV of Provence, and one of his tensos was composed with Raymond. An Arnaldus Catalanus, probably Arnaut, confirmed a donation of Raymond's at Aix-en-Provence on 29 August 1241. In 1252 a Don Arnaldo was in Castile at the court of Alfonso X, where he composed a tenso with the king, his part being Occitan and the king's Galician-Portuguese. Arnaut composed one other tenso with a poet named Vaquier Teriaz.
# Versaterm

Versaterm Inc. is a Canadian company based in Ottawa, Ontario that develops computer-aided dispatch (CAD) and records management systems for police, fire, and other public safety agencies. Former Royal Canadian Mounted Police employees established the company in 1977; the group had previously developed the Canadian Police Information Centre, a national police database. Versaterm and its rival Niche Technologies, also based in Canada, have "cornered much of the market" for records management in North American police forces, according to The Globe and Mail. Despite its dominance, many of its systems have been criticised by officers for their unwieldiness and unreliability, and several police agencies have abandoned their use.

## Products
### CAD software

Police agencies that have employed Versaterm's CAD system include Portland, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, and Seattle. An inquiry by KXAN News into Austin's use of the system found that several critical hardware and software failures between 2008 and 2010 disabled the system for hours at a time, forcing operators to instead handwrite information when receiving emergency calls.
Portland adopted Versaterm's system in 2011, at a cost of $14.5 million. Officers made hundreds of complaints in the months following the launch; reported problems included "system-wide crashes", incorrect dispatches to calls outside officers' jurisdictions, failures in tracking officers' locations, and issues with the font size and functionality of the user interface. Agencies were also irritated by the $2.5 million annual maintenance costs they were required to contribute, and, in a "near-mutiny", some considered not paying to employ the system, due to its reported problems. However, most of the issues had been fixed by 2013, and Portland defended the launch, pointing out that issues were to be expected in such a new system. Versaterm said "very few" of the reported problems were related to its software.

### Records management

Versaterm's record management software has been used by police forces from Austin, British Columbia, Minneapolis, Portland and Seattle.
# Wadfradad II

Wadfradad II, Hellenized as Autophradates II, was a dynast (frataraka) of Persis in the late 2nd-century BC, ruling sometime after 138 BC. He was appointed as frataraka by the Parthian king Mithridates I (r. 171–132 BC), who granted him more autonomy, most likely in an effort to maintain healthy relations with Persis as the Parthian Empire was under constant conflict with the Saka, Seleucids, and Characene. The coinage of Wadfradad II shows influence from the coins minted under Mithridates I. Wadfradad II was succeeded by Darayan I, the first of the Kings of Persis.
# Brachodes flagellatus

Brachodes flagellatus is a moth of the family Brachodidae which is endemic to Tibet.
# 1847 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1847 in Germany.

## Incumbents

* King of Bavaria – Ludwig I.
* King of Hanover – Ernest Augustus
* King of Prussia – Frederick William IV
* King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus II

## Event

* October 12 – German inventors and industrialists Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske found Siemens & Halske to develop the electrical telegraph.

## Births

* Paul von Hindenburg February 4 – Remus von Woyrsch, German field marshal (d. 1920)
* February 16 – Philipp Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1917)
* March 27 – -Otto Wallach, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
* July 20 – Max Liebermann, German painter, printmaker (d. 1935)
* July 25 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist, biologist (d. 1888)
* October 2 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal, President of Germany (d. 1934)

## Deaths

* May 14 – Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer, pianist (b. 1805)
* July 16 – Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (b. 1776)
* October 22 – Henriette Herz, German salonnière (b. 1764)
* November 4 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (b. 1809)
# Badéma Department

Padéma (official name), sometimes also named Badéma or Badéna, is a department or commune of Houet Province in Hauts-Bassins Region, Burkina Faso.
# Tetramethylthiuram sulfide

Tetramethylthiuram sulfide is an organosulfur compound with the formula ((CH$_3$)$_2$NCS)$_2$S. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is the parent member of a large class of tetraalkylthiuram sulfides. It is used as an activator in the sulfur vulcanization of natural and butyl rubbers.

## Synthesis and structure

It is prepared by desulfuration of tetramethylthiuram disulfides with triphenylphosphine or cyanide:
    (Me$_2$NCSS)$_2$ + PPh$_3$ → (Me$_2$NCS)$_2$S + SPPh$_3$
According to X-ray crystallography, the molecule consists of two planar (CH$_3$)$_2$NCS subunits joined by a sulfide. The dihedral angle between the subunits is close to 90°.
# Tlaltenango (municipality)

Tlaltenango (municipality) is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla in south-eastern Mexico.
# Sirenian Shores

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Storm | (6.6/10) |
Sirenian Shores is an EP by the Norwegian gothic metal band Sirenia. It was released on 11 October 2004 by Napalm Records. It is the last work recorded with the female lead singer Henriette Bordvik, who left the band in November 2005.

## Background

This EP is essentially a compilation of new versions of two of the best songs from Sirenia previous albums, and three unreleased songs that only appear here.
It includes a remix of "Save Me from Myself" (from the second album An Elixir for Existence), an acoustic version of "Meridian" (from the first album At Sixes and Sevens), and three new songs: "Sirenian Shores", "Obire Mortem" and a cover of Leonard Cohen's "First We Take Manhattan".

## Track listing

All tracks written and composed by Morten Veland, except where noted.

## Personnel

All information from the EP booklet.
Sirenia
* Morten Veland – harsh vocals, guitars, bass, keyboards, drum programming, mixing
* Henriette Bordvik – female vocals
Additional musicians
* Fabienne Gondamin – vocals on "Meridian"
* Emmanuelle Zoldan – vocals on "First We Take Manhattan", choir vocals
* Kristian Gundersen – clean vocals
* Anne Verdot – violin
Choir
* Damien Surian, Emilie Lesbros, Johanna Giraud, Sandrine Gouttebel, Hubert Piazzola, Mathieu Landry
Production
* Terje Refsnes – mixing, engineering
* Ulf Horbelt – mastering
* Joachim Luetke – artwork, design
* Emile M.E. Ashley – photography
# Arnold Legg

Arnold Legg was a bishop in the Church of South India, the inaugural Bishop of South Kerala.
Legg was a LMS missionary serving at South Travancore and Trivandrum. He was consecrated our first bishop at St. George's Cathedral, Madras on 27 September 1947. In 1959, the diocese was split into South Kerala and Kanyakumari dioceses, with Legg continuing as bishop of South Kerala.
# Veti, Dahanu

Veti is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Veti has 520 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 47.23%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2796 | 1350 | 1446 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 486 | 252 | 234 |
| Scheduled caste | 10 | 7 | 3 |
| Scheduled tribe | 2667 | 1285 | 1382 |
| Literates | 1091 | 657 | 434 |
| Workers (all) | 1377 | 710 | 667 |
| Main workers (total) | 986 | 645 | 341 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 586 | 384 | 202 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 295 | 177 | 118 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 101 | 80 | 21 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 391 | 65 | 326 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 238 | 29 | 209 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 123 | 18 | 105 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 17 | 9 | 8 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 13 | 9 | 4 |
| Non-workers | 1419 | 640 | 779 |
# Vincenzo Soprano

Vincenzo Soprano is an Italian manager and CEO of Trenitalia since 2006.

## Life and career

He was born in Rome on 5 October 1957, he graduated in 1981 and he has three sons. He worked at ENI company and in Gaz de France company. He has been CEO of Trenitalia until the end of 2015.

### Criticism

In 2014, during an interview with the former Italian Minister Luca Zaia, Zaia said that the Trenitalia trains are like cattle cars and that they are always late and that Vincenzo Soprano is not the right person intended to manage a company like the branch of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane Spa, Trenitalia.

## Legal problems

He is currently under investigation for the violation of security measures that caused Trenitalia train accidents in 2013.
# Brachodes beryti

Brachodes beryti is a moth of the family Brachodidae. It is found in Greece and the Near East (Turkey, Lebanon).
# 1847 in Chile

The following, lists events that happened during 1847 in Chile.

## Incumbents

President of Chile: Manuel Bulnes

## Events
### September

* 17 September - The National Statistics Institute (Chile) is established.

## Births

* 12 April - Aníbal Zañartu (d. 1902)
* 13 August - Luis Uribe (d. 1914)

## Deaths

* 16 July - José Ignacio Zenteno (b. 1786)
* 8 November - José Ignacio Cienfuegos (b. 1762)
# Bafia language (Cameroon)

The Bafia language is a Bantu language spoken by 60,000 people in Cameroon according to 1991 figures.

## Overview

It is used in the Bafia subdivision of the Mbam and Inoubou Division in Center Province in southwestern Cameroon. There are two varieties, Kpa and Pey. The former referred to the language was Rɨkpa, and to themselves as Bekpak; the latter Rɨpey. Pey may be a distinct language.
# Tetramethylphosphonium bromide

Tetramethylphosphonium bromide is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH$_3$)$_4$PBr. It is a white, water-soluble solid, the salt of the cation tetramethylphosphonium and the bromide anion. It is prepared by treating trimethylphosphine with methyl bromide.

## Reactions

Deprotonation gives methylenetrimethylphosphine ylide, which can sustain a second deprotonation:
    (CH$_3$)$_4$PBr + BuLi → CH$_3$)$_3$P=CH$_2$ + LiBr + BuH
    CH$_3$)$_3$P=CH$_2$ + BuLi → CH$_3$)$_2$P(CH$_2$)$_2$Li + BuH
The latter is a precursor to many coordination complexes, e.g., the dicuprous complex Cu$_2$[(Me$_2$P(CH$_2$)$_2$]$_2$.