OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Andrews (scientist)

Thomas Andrews FRS FRSE (19 December 1813 – 26 November 1885) was an Irish chemist and physicist who did important work on phase transitions between gases and liquids. He was a longtime professor of chemistry at Queen's University of Belfast.

## Life

Andrews was born in Belfast, Ireland, where his father was a linen merchant. He attended the Belfast Academy and the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, where at the latter of which he studied mathematics under James Thomson. In 1828 he went to the University of Glasgow to study chemistry under Professor Thomas Thomson, then studied at Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained distinction in classics as well as in science. Finally, at University of Edinburgh in 1835, he was awarded a doctorate in medicine.
Andrews began a successful medical practice in his native Belfast in 1835, also giving instruction in chemistry at the Academical Institution. In 1845 he was appointed vice-president of the newly established Queen's University of Belfast, and professor of chemistry there. He held these two offices until his retirement in 1879 at age 66. He died in 1885, and was buried in the Borough Cemetery in Belfast.
In 1842, Andrews married Jane Hardie Walker (1818–1899). They had six children, including the geologist Mary Andrews.

## Work

Andrews first became known as a scientific investigator with his work on the heat developed in chemical actions, for which the Royal Society awarded him a Royal Medal in 1844. Another important investigation, undertaken in collaboration with Peter Guthrie Tait, was devoted to ozone.
His reputation mainly rests on his work with liquefaction of gases. In the 1860s he carried out a very complete inquiry into the gas laws—expressing the relations of pressure, temperature, and volume in carbon dioxide. In particular, he established the concepts of critical temperature and critical pressure, showing that a substance passes from vapor to liquid state without any breach of continuity. He concluded that
   ... the gaseous and liquid states are only distant stages of the same condition of matter, and are capable of passing into one another by a process of continuous change.
In Andrews' experiments on phase transitions, he showed that carbon dioxide may be carried from any of the states we usually call liquid to any of those we usually call gas, without losing homogeneity. The mathematical physicist Willard Gibbs cited these results in support of the Gibbs free energy equation. They also set off a race among researchers to liquify various other gases. In 1877-78 Louis Paul Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen.

## Selected writings

* Thomas Andrews, "The Bakerian Lecture: On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 159 (1869), pp. 575–590.
* Tait, P. G.; Crum Brown, A. (1889). The Scientific Papers of the Late Thomas Andrews. London and New York: Macmillan and Company. - Contains a biographical memoir of Andrews by Tait and Crum Brown
# Sybra subfortipes

Sybra subfortipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1964.
# American Game

The American Game is an American breed of game fowl, chickens bred specifically for cockfighting. It has many color varieties, and may also be kept for ornament.

## History

The American Game was bred for cockfighting. The full-size ("large fowl") American Game is not recognized by the American Poultry Association, which in 2009 recognized the American Game Bantam in ten colors. The American Game is not among the fifty-three chicken breeds reported by the National Animal Germplasm Program of the USDA Agricultural Research Service to the DAD-IS database of the FAO, nor is it recognized by the Entente Européenne d'Aviculture et de Cuniculture or by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. In 2020 its conservation status was listed by the Livestock Conservancy as "study"; in 2021 it was no longer listed.
Some stock has been exported to the United Kingdom; in 2002 there were fewer than a hundred birds there.

### American Game Bantam

The bantam version of the breed does not derive from the original large fowl. It was created in New Jersey in the 1940s by a breeder named Frank Gary. He cross-bred the wild Red Jungle Fowl with fighting bantams of the type known at the time as "pit game".$^{:106}$ The American Game Bantam was listed in the yearbook of the American Bantam Association from 1950, and was admitted to the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 2009.

## Characteristics

The standard-sized American Game is bred in a wide range of plumage colors; cock birds have long sickle feathers.
The bantam has a small five-pointed single comb and small smooth wattles and earlobes.$^{:107}$ Ten color varieties are recognized by the APA: birchen; black; black-breasted red; blue; blue red; brown red; golden duckwing; red pyle; silver duckwing; and white. Two others, "brassy back" and wheaten, are also raised.$^{:107}$

## Use

The American Game was bred for cockfighting. It is a good table bird, and may be kept for ornament. Hens lay brown eggs of medium to large size. As with other fighting breeds, for exhibition the comb, earlobes and wattles are cut off ("dubbed").$^{:107}$
# William S. Hewett

William S. Hewett was a major bridge contractor in the Minneapolis area from the 1890s until well into the 20th century. His firm designed and built a number of bridges for the Twin City Rapid Transit Company when it was electrifying and expanding its system around the turn of the 20th century.

## Reinforced concrete bridges

Bridges built by Hewett's firm used included some of the earliest reinforced concrete bridges built using the Melan system invented by Viennese engineer Josef Melan and patented in the United States in 1894. Hewett probably became familiar with the Melan system when working with his uncle's construction firm in northwest Iowa. Hewett's firm also designed Bridges No. L-5853 and 92247 in Como Park in Saint Paul, Minnesota. These two bridges also crossed the Twin City Rapid Transit line.
Hewett performed other pioneering work with reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. In 1907, he formed the Security Bridge Company, and he established Hewett Systems in 1913.
Hewett also built the reinforced concrete Washburn Water Tower in Minneapolis.

## Other bridges

Other bridges built by Hewett include:
* Bridge No. 1482, Luverne, Minnesota (1908)
* Colton's Crossing Bridge, Lisbon, North Dakota (1907)
* Forsyth Bridge, Forsyth, Montana (1905)
* Interlachen Bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota (1900)
* Joliet Bridge, Joliet, Montana (1901)
* Melan Bridge, Rock Ridge, Iowa (1893)
* Old Yankton Bridge, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (1895)
* South Dakota Dept. of Transportation Bridge No. 25-380-142, Zell, South Dakota (1902)
* Walnut Street Bridge, Mazeppa, Minnesota (1904)
# Vidole (spider)

Vidole is a genus of African araneomorph spiders in the family Phyxelididae, and was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967.

## Species

As of June 2019 it contains five species, found only in Lesotho and South Africa:
* Vidole capensis (Pocock, 1900) (type) – South Africa
* Vidole helicigyna Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
* Vidole lyra Griswold, 1990 – South Africa
* Vidole schreineri (Purcell, 1904) – South Africa
* Vidole sothoana Griswold, 1990 – Lesotho, South Africa
# Struggle (TV series)

Struggle (simplified Chinese: 奋斗; traditional Chinese: 奮鬥; pinyin: Fèndòu) is a 2007 Chinese television series directed by Zhao Baogang, based on the award-winning novel of the same name by Shi Kang. It is part of the 'Youth' trilogy directed by Zhao, which includes My Youthfulness (2009) and Beijing Youth (2012).

## Synopsis

About the aspirations and struggles of China's Post-80's generation after graduation from college.

## Cast

* Tong Dawei as Lu Tao
* Ma Yili as Xia Lin
* Wen Zhang as Xiang Nan
* Li Xiaolu as Yang Xiaoyun
* Wang Luodan as Mi Cai
* Zhu Yuchen as Hua Zi
* Ivy Chen as Fang Lingshan

## Reception

Struggle was well received by its post-80's generation audiences. Many rated the series highly, calling it "a milestone in Chinese TV productions" for the innovative break-away from the traditional style of Chinese television drama. The series' recreation of realistic youth life was also praised by its audience, most of which calling it the first Chinese television drama to successfully convey the feelings, attitudes, ways of thinking, colloquial language of the generation.
However, many Chinese netizens have complained that some scenes in the series are unrealistic, particularly which the scene which the 20-year-old protagonist owns and drives an Audi.
# Thomas Eccleshare

Thomas Eccleshare is an English playwright. He won the 2011 Verity Bargate Award for his debut play Pastoral.
He is also the founder and co-artistic director of Dancing Brick, a visual theatre company.

## Work

* Pastoral (2013)
* I'm Not Here Right Now (2015)
* Heather (2017)
* Instructions for Correct Assembly (2018) Royal Court Theatre
# Tu'pest

Tu'pest is a greatest hits compilation of the Bulgarian rock band Hipodil, released in 2000 under the Riva Sound label, the band's fifth and last release with that company. The name is a pun - from tup - Bulgarian for "dumb", and -est, the superlative suffix in English as in "the best".
The main purpose of the release was to finally offer most of the early hits by the band on a CD as Hipodil's first three albums were released on audio cassettes only. Despite the CD release however most of the tracks were hardly remastered and still sound pretty similar to the original versions.
It was also Hipodil's first appearance on CD.
As there are no singles in the classic meaning of the term and no verifiable sales or airplay charts in Bulgaria and Bulgarian record companies do not report sales figures it is also impossible to assess the commercial success of the songs in this compilation. Most of the songs however were Hipodil live favourites and undoubtedly enjoyed immense popularity among the public.

## The Music

Tu'pest contains 23 tracks from the four previous Hipodil albums with band's 1993 debut Alkoholen delirium being represented by six songs (see Tracks below). Hipodil's second album Nekuf ujas, nekuf at of 1993 and S gol v rukata... from 1996 - produced five tracks each and, remarkably, the band's most successful album, the 1998 Nadurveni vuglishta - also five songs.

## Tracks

* B.G./Bate Gojko (Big Brother Gojko) - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Jenata (The Woman) - from Alkoholen delirium
* S gol v rukata... (With Naked... In Hand) - from S gol v rukata...
* More ot Alkohol (Sea of Alcohol) - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
* Nishto (Nothing) - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Balada za bratiata Holik (The Ballad of the Holic Brothers) - from S gol v rukata...
* Chift Ochi (Pair of Eyes) - from Alkoholen delirium
* Bira (Beer)- from Alkoholen delirium
* Psiho (Psycho) - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
* Vuzbuden sum (I'm Horny) - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Kato Slunce (Like the Sun) - from S gol v rukata...
* Mrusen, gaden den(Nasty, Dirty Day) - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
* Himna (The Anthem) - from Alkoholen delirium
* Vuzbuden sum! (I'm Horny) - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Ovtzi (Sheep) - from S gol v rukata...
* Bless me - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Alkoholen delirium/Bira s vodka (Alcoholic Delirium/Beer & Vodka) - from Alkoholen delirium
* Oblatzi (Clouds) - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
* Galileo - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
* D'ska (a pun between ska and the Bulgarian "duska", which means "plank") - from Nadurveni vuglishta
* Momicheto (The Girl)- from Alkoholen delirium
* Vujen (Rope-made) - from S gol v rukata...
* Hipodili (Hipodils) - from Nekuf ujas, nekuf at
# Swyre Head

Swyre Head is the highest point of the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, on the south coast of England. The hill Swyre Head lies about 2 kilometres (1 mi) southwest of the village Kingston, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Corfe Castle and 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Swanage.
Although not very high, its relative height is such that it just misses qualification as a Marilyn. The hill consists of Jurassic Formations and is not part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation.
Swyre Head by Kingston should not be confused with another Dorset hill called Swyre Head, at an elevation of 98 metres (322 ft), on the coast, located at grid reference SY799805, to the west of Durdle Door. The two Swyre Heads are about four hours walk apart from each other; that is, 18 kilometres (11 mi).
The hill commands extensive views, including west past the Isle of Portland to Dartmoor, and east to the Isle of Wight, as well as north across the Purbeck Hills to Poole Harbour and the other Purbeck Marilyn, Nine Barrow Down. To the west, the folly of Clavell Tower can also be seen.
Set back about 800 metres (half a mile) from the coast, the hill is not on the South West Coast Path, but can be reached easily from the villages of Kingston or Kimmeridge.
The hill has a trig point marked as 203 metres on Ordnance Survey maps, but a tumulus, now fully grassed over, forms the highest point, 208 metres (682 ft) above sea level.

## Gallery

* View west from the summit of Swyre Head
* Swyre Head from the north-east
# W.F. Hitchcock House

The W.F. Hitchcock House is a historic two-and-a-half-story house in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built with gray stucco in 1922 for William F. Hitchcock and his wife Birdie. It was designed in the Colonial Revival style by Jesse Boaz Miller, an architect who designed many houses and structures in Nebraska. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 5, 2002.
# Vermilphalonia chytosema

Vermilphalonia chytosema is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
# Folake Olunloyo

Folake Olunloyo-Oshinowo is a Nigerian politician and former member of the House of Representatives.

## Career

Olunloyo-Oshinowo was educated at St Anne's Grammar school and the International School in Ibadan before attending Obafemi Awolowo University. She graduated in 1990. She was a senior aide to the former Speaker of the House, Alhaji Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, before switching from the Peoples' Democratic Party (PDP) to the All Progressives Congress (APC).
In 2011 she was elected to the House of Representatives, along with Suleiman Oba Nimota, Maimunat Adaji, Martha Bodunrin, Betty Okogua-Apiafi, Rose Oko and Nkoyo Toyo.

## Personal life

Olunloyo-Oshinowo holds the chieftain title of Aare Egbe Omo Iyalode; she is married to Dr. Tunde Oshinowo.
# Aframomum daniellii

Aframomum daniellii, also known as African cardamom, is a species of flowering plant in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It was first described by Joseph Dalton Hooker, and got its current name from Karl Moritz Schumann.

## Range

Aframomum daniellii is found in West tropical Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Central African Republic, south to Angola.

## Use

A. daniellii is traditionally used as a spice in the regions of Africa it is native. The plant is also used for medicinal purposes as a laxative, anti-parasitic, and to fight other microbial infections.
# State Highway 54 (New Zealand)

State Highway 54 (SH 54) is a New Zealand state highway that runs across nearly all of the Manawatū District in the North Island. It runs from SH 1 at Vinegar Hill (near Hunterville) to SH 3 near Palmerston North. The highway connects the Manawatū District's chief town, Feilding, to the New Zealand state highway network and forms an alternative route to SH 1 and SH 3 between the North Island Volcanic Plateau and Palmerston North.

## Route

SH 54 begins at a junction with SH 1 near the locality of Vinegar Hill, 6 km (3.7 mi) east-north-east of Hunterville. It steeply descends to cross the Rangitīkei River before proceeding generally southwards, winding along the eastern side of the Rangitīkei Valley. The route then exits the valley and heads via Rewa, Waituna West, and Beaconsfield villages to Cheltenham, where it meets Kimbolton Road at a three-way junction shortly after crossing the Kiwitea Stream.
From Cheltenham, the route turns south-west onto Kimbolton Road, reaching Feilding shortly after again crossing the Kiwitea Stream; it crosses the North Island Main Trunk railway then turns left at a roundabout in the central business district and parallels the railway line for a short distance along Aorangi Street and Waughs Road (crossing the Oroua River). It then leaves Waughs Road and travels south-west along Camerons Line and south-east along Milson Line, before turning south-west along Kairanga-Bunnythorpe Road. The SH 54 designation ends at the junction of Kairanga-Bunnythorpe Road with SH 3 near the settlement of Newbury, 4.5 km (2.8 mi) north-west of central Palmerston North.

### Route changes

SH 54 previously began further north at Mangaweka, leaving SH 1 on Ruahine Road and travelling via Rangiwahia to Kimbolton, where it travelled along Kimbolton Road to Cheltenham before continuing along its current route to Feilding and beyond. The north end of SH 54 was shifted to the Cheltenham-Hunterville Road (its current route between SH 1 and Cheltenham) in the 1990s.
# This Moment

This Moment may refer to:
* This Moment (Steven Curtis Chapman album), 2007
* This Moment (Shakti album), 2023
* This Moment , by Monni
* "This Moment" (Marie Picasso song)
* "This Moment", by Disturbed from the album Transformers: The Album
* "This Moment", by Katy Perry from the album Prism
* "This Moment", by Lala Karmela from the album Between Us
# Trubatsa tityrus

Trubatsa tityrus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 5 mm and 14 mm.

## Distribution

This species is found in the Caribbean Sea off Venezuela, Panama and Trinidad.
# Tatale-Sangule District

Tatale-Sangule District is one of the sixteen districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. It was originally part of the then-larger Zabzugu-Tatale District in 1988, which was created from the former East Dagomba District Council. The northeast part of the district was then split off to create Tatale-Sangule District on 28 June 2012; As a consequence the remaining part was renamed as Zabzugu District. The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Northern Region whose capital town is Tatale.
# Wendy Austin

Wendy Elizabeth Austin Hewitt MBE (born November 19, 1951) is a former BBC journalist and broadcaster in BBC Northern Ireland, and former presenter of BBC Radio Ulster's current affairs programme Talkback.

## Biography

Austin began her career in journalism at The Belfast Telegraph, leaving in 1976 to join the fledgling Downtown Radio, and later that year moving to the BBC where she was a television reporter before moving into radio presentation.
From 1981 she was involved in the breakfast time Good Morning Ulster reporting and presenting, before moving to the newly created Breakfast Time on BBC TV. Other radio shows followed - Morning Extra and Wendy After Lunch, before a move to BBCR4 in London, presenting PM Woman's Hour and The Exchange. She returned to present GMU in the early 1990s. On one occasion on Good Morning Ulster while interviewing former Ulster Unionist Party deputy leader John Taylor she objected to what she perceived as his patronising style and stated "I am not your dear girl." In 2009 she began to present the lunchtime Talk Back on Radio Ulster, then in 2015 launched the station's Inside Business programme.
In 2005 Wendy Austin was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters (DLitt), University of Ulster, "for her contribution to broadcasting". She was named the Northern Ireland Radio Broadcaster of the year in the CIPR Awards 2006. Austin was Chairperson of the Arts and Business NI Advisory Committee and a UK Trustee of the charity. Wendy was awarded an MBE in the 2012 Queen's Birthday Honours list.
It was announced in 2019 that Austin would retire from the corporation in 2020 after nearly 44 years with the BBC. However she later returned to the BBC in September 2021 to present BBC One Northern Ireland's new monthly programme Crime NI, in partnership with Crimestoppers UK, alongside Dearbhail McDonald. The series, which also offered regular crime prevention and traffic safety advice, ended in April 2022.

## Personal life

Austin married Translink chairman Frank Hewitt in 2003 in Banbridge, County Down. She was previously married to Peter Hutchinson, with whom she had three children, Niall, Kerry and Clare. She lives in Dromore, County Down.
# Wilson Alvarez (American football)

Wilson Alvarez (born March 22, 1957) is a former American football placekicker who played one season with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He first enrolled at the New Mexico Military Institute before transferring to the College of the Sequoias and lastly Southeastern Louisiana University. He attended Doctor Domingo Leigue in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
# Veracruz, Panama

Veracruz is a corregimiento in Arraiján District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 18,589 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 8,224; its population as of 2000 was 16,748.

## Education

Lycée Français Paul Gauguin de Panama, the country's French international school, is in Panama Pacifico, Veracruz.
# Flexibacter

Flexibacter is a genus of bacteria consisting of some seventeen strains (or species), known for their yellow hue.
Etymology: L. part. adj. flexus (from. L. v. flecto), bent, winding; N.L. masc. n. bacter, rod; N.L. masc. n. Flexibacter, intended to mean flexible rod.
# Agabus canadensis

Agabus canadensis is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in North America.
# Strephonota sphinx

Strephonota sphinx is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Panama, Colombia, the Amazon, Bolivia, Peru and the Guianas.
# This Mitchell and Webb Book

This Mitchell and Webb Book is a book written by David Mitchell and Robert Webb of the comedy duo Mitchell and Webb. A tie-in to the television series That Mitchell and Webb Look, it was released by Fourth Estate Ltd in September 2009 in the UK, and January 2010 in the US.
It contains material expanding the lives and stories of some of the characters from their BBC Radio 4 sketch show, That Mitchell and Webb Sound, such as Ted and Peter, two alcoholic ex-snooker players turned commentators. The book features a supposed interview with "Peter DeCoursey" (the commentator's full name) in which he reveals that he is gay and poses for some photos. Of Ted it features a tabloid-style tour of his house and interviews with himself and his fifth wife, Asti. It also contains some features made for the book only, like the pitch of the non-existent television sitcom You Know Who Your Mates Are, a parody of working class sitcoms written by out-of-touch middle class people. It is written in a deliberately bad way for comic effect.

## Reviews

The Guardian praised the book, calling it "a deliciously texty book packed with the same kind of slick, idea-rich comic prose that you find in Mitchell's Observer column."
# Tomb of Khawaja Awais Kagha

The Tomb of Khawaja Awais Khagga is a prominent Sufi mausoleum of Multan located in Dera Basti cemetery, 1.6 kilometers southwest of Multan's historical center in Pakistan.
It was constructed around 1300 AD.

## Architecture

The tomb's architecture, echoing the 10th-century Ismail Samani Mausoleum in Bukhara, consists of a square base with corner turrets and a dome.
The tomb's exterior is adorned with blue and white glazed tiles, a distinctive Indus Valley feature originating from early Multan tombs. The building's main axis is atypical, facing south, while Islamic tradition usually favors east-facing entrances. This orientation is suggestive of Suhrawardi Sufi tombs in Multan, representing a departure from Islamic norms in favor of multifaith traditions. However, the tomb maintains orthodoxy through its southwest-aligned qibla, allowing prayers directed towards Mecca.