OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tofersen

Tofersen, sold under the brand name Qalsody, is a medication used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets the production of superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme whose mutant form is commonly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is administered as an intrathecal injection.
The most common side effects include fatigue, arthralgia (joint pain), increased cerebrospinal (brain and spinal cord) fluid white blood cells, and myalgia (muscle pain).
Tofersen was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2023, and in the European Union in May 2024. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

## Medical uses

Tofersen is indicated to treat people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with a mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene (SOD1-ALS).

## History

Tofersen was developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and was licensed to, and co-developed by, Biogen.
The effectiveness of tofersen was evaluated in a 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in 147 participants with weakness attributable to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) mutation confirmed by a central laboratory. The study randomly assigned 108 participants in a 2:1 ratio to receive treatment with either tofersen 100 mg (n = 72) or placebo (n = 36) for 24 weeks (three loading doses followed by five maintenance doses). The participants were approximately 43% female; 57% male; 64% White; and 8% Asian. The average age was 49.8 years (range from 23 to 78 years).
The stage III clinical trial was conducted by the Neuroscience Institute and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), both at the University of Sheffield.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for tofersen priority review, orphan drug, and fast track designations.

## Society and culture
### Economics

Only around 1-2% of ALS cases diagnosed in the United States each year carry the specific SOD1 mutation targeted by the drug. Fewer than 500 patients a year are expected to be eligible for the drug, which is expected to cost over $100,000 for a year's treatment.

## Legal status

In February 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product Qalsody, intended for the treatment of a type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by a defective superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein. The applicant for this medicinal product is Biogen Netherlands B.V. Tofersen was approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2024.
# Still Life with a Guitar

Still Life with a Guitar is an oil on canvas painting by Spanish cubist Juan Gris, from 1913. The work is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York, Gallery 905.
The work was created in the small French town of Céret in the Pyrenees. Céret was popular with artists, including Picasso, who paid a visit there in the same year.
# Cindy Williams (disambiguation)

Cindy Williams (1947–2023) was an American actress, known for her role on Laverne & Shirley.
Cindy Williams may also refer to:

## People

* Cindy Williams (journalist) (born 1963), American former news anchor
* Cindy Williams Gutiérrez, American poet and dramatist

## Fictional characters

* Cindy Williams (EastEnders), a fictional character on the British soap opera EastEnders
* Cindy Beale, also Williams, a fictional character on the British soap opera EastEnders
# Tubal Furnace Archeological Site

The Tubal Furnace Archeological Site is the site of an early 18th century industrial iron works in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Chancellor. Established by colonial Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood in c. 1717, the site included a furnace and waterworks. It was operated, primarily by skilled slave labor, into the early 19th century.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# So Far So Good (Meernaa album)

   “I’ve adopted the term “zen nihilist” ’cause I feel like, especially when I wrote that song, too, it was just the beginning of the pandemic, and I didn’t have any money, and I just moved to LA with Rob [Shelton, musical collaborator], and we had no plans. Again, back to patience. You have no control. All you can do is wait it out and see what happens. So far so good is such a funny phrase to me ’cause it’s like, “Well, you know, we’ll see if shit hits the fan. I don’t know, but right now, it’s chill.”
—Meernaa on the title track.
So Far So Good is a 2023 studio album by American pop musician Meernaa.

## Reception

Neville Hardman's feature interview with Meernaa for Alternative Press called this release "a psychedelic soul-search" that "reflects a measured step forward" for the musician. In Billboard, Jason Lipshutz included the title track as one of 10 pop songs to recommend to readers, recommending it to "fans of idiosyncratic, relatively chilled-out indie-pop a la Aldous Harding, Westerman and Nilüfer Yanya" as a "quietly effective new track" with "elegant instrumentation" and "delectable hooks". At The Fader, editors chose this on the long list of the week's best albums. Editors at Pitchfork shortlisted this as a recommended album of the week and critic Vrinda Jagota gave it a 7.4 out of 10 for being able to pair "abstract imagery with elegant arrangements on her dreamy, open-ended second album" continuing that Meernaa's vocals have a sense of longing but "despite the intensity of the emotion, the symphonic, elegant arrangements make her words feel accessible and inviting".

## Track listing

* "On My Line" – 3:12
* "Another Dimension" – 4:31
* "As Many Birds Flying" – 4:51
* "Mirror Heart" – 3:34
* "Black Eyed Susan" – 5:04
* "I Believe in You" – 3:16
* "Framed in a Different State" – 4:13
* "Bhuta Kala" – 3:40
* "So Far So Good" – 3:48
* "Love Is Good" – 5:25

## Personnel

* Meernaa – instrumentation, vocals
* Andrew Maguire
* Rob Shelton
* Doug Stuart
# Stephen Gamson

Stephen Gamson (born 1965) is an American artist and art collector.

## Early life

Gamson spent much of his youth visiting studios, museums, and researching art through books. As a student, he began collecting the work of artists he admired. After post-graduate studies in art history at Harvard University, in the early 1990s, Gamson had a one-man show at the Candide Gallery in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Exhibitions and displays

In 2004, Gamson was the featured artist for the Nautica Project. This permanent show includes his creation of two aluminum sculptures, a 30’wide x 5’high mural and numerous paintings depicting life on Miami Beach. On January 26, 2008, a show including 29 of his acrylic on canvas paintings was displayed at Gallery Jax in Miami. He is represented by Rebecca Hossack Gallery in London and Seth Jason Beitler Fine Arts in Miami. He displayed his work at an exhibition that opened on August 7, 2008, at DeBillzan Gallery in Laguna Beach, California, and had a solo show in the Projects room at Frank Pictures Gallery in Santa Monica, California, which opened on October 9, 2008.
In early December 2008, Gamson held a solo show, titled "Symbols and Portraits", at the Seth Jason Beitler Fine Arts in Wynwood as part of Art Basel 2008. Gamson was the official artist for Café Bustelo. His artwork will appear internationally as Bustelo rolls out 100 retail stores. For 2009, Gamson has been commissioned to create large scale, high-profile projects in Los Angeles and Las Vegas. He was also selected as the official poster artist for the 35th Annual Miami Beach Festival of the Arts in February 2009.
Stephen has been featured in many publications such as The Hollywood Reporter, the Miami Herald, Haute Living Magazine, Six Degrees Magazine (page 25/26), and has been in articles on MSNBC, Reuters, and Yahoo! News.

## Organizations

Gamson has served on the board of directors for many organizations such as The Jackson Metropolitans (a division of the Jackson Memorial Hospital Foundation), The Shakers advisory board for the Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, Hugs and Kisses at the Miami Children's Hospital, The AJ Japour Art Gallery and Foundation, and is one of the founding members of Art for a Cause.
# St John the Baptist's Church, Mongewell

St John the Baptist's Church is a closed, redundant Anglican church, partly in ruins, in what has thus reverted to the hamlet of Mongewell, Oxfordshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The ruins stand on the east bank of the River Thames, next to the former Carmel College, to the north of Mongewell Park, 2.5 miles (4 km) south of Wallingford, and near The Ridgeway long-distance path. Local Anglicans are in the parish of North Stoke: St Mary the Virgin.

## History

The church dates probably from the 12th century. It was remodelled in picturesque Gothick style for Rt. Rev. Shute Barrington late in the 18th century. Barrington was Bishop of Durham and the penultimate with highly exceptional great non-church powers namely by the position being one of Palatinate Prince-Bishop. When he died in 1826, he was buried in the family vault in the church. The church was restored under the direction of the architect Lewis Wyatt in 1880. It was designated a Grade II listed building on 9 February 1959. The church was declared redundant on 1 July 1981 and was vested in the Churches Conservation Trust on 31 July 1985. For access, the keyholder can be found nearby.

## Architecture

The church consists of a nave and a chancel with a west tower. It is built of flint with stone dressings. Brick buttresses support the nave walls. The tower is brick and the chancel roof is tiled. The nave has no roof. The lower part of the tower is round and the upper part is hexagonal with a battlemented parapet. The chancel is in Norman style, and contains two 18th-century monuments. One of these consists of a tomb with the effigy of a man dressed in "Eastern costume" including a turban.
# St Chad's Church, Far Headingley

St Chad's Church, Far Headingley is the parish church of Far Headingley in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The church is Grade II* listed in Gothic Revival style. The dedication is to Chad of Mercia, who was bishop of York and died in AD 672. It is set back from the busy Otley Road, with a cricket field and the parish war memorial (Grade II listed) nearer the road.

## History

The church was built in 1868, on land given by the Beckett family of Kirkstall Grange who paid £10,000 towards it. The architects were Edmund Beckett Denison and W. H. Crossland. The spire is 186 feet (57 m) high.
In 1909-11 St Chad's Church was modified, removing the octagonal apse and replacing it with a rectangular chancel and adding a Lady chapel and an organ chamber to the sides. The organ by Harrison & Harrison of Durham was built to fit into the new space. It was rebuilt in 1988 with electric power and refurbished in 2011 when the interior of the church was reordered. The Creation window above the altar was designed and made by M. E. Aldrich Rope in 1922.
In 2002 the Lady Chapel was renamed the Chapel of St Oswald, when St Oswald's church in Meanwood closed. A glass partition was installed.
St Chad's won an "Eco-congregation" award, and in November 2007 the church won the Church Times national award for biodiversity in recognition of its wildlife-friendly churchyard.

## St Chad's Home for Girls

St Chad's Home for Girls was opened by the Church of England Central Home for Waifs and Strays in January 1889 at Glebe House, Hollin Lane, Far Headingley. A new home in Far Headingley for the girls was opened in December 1894 and a church service at St Chad's was conducted by the Bishop of Richmond to celebrate the event.

## Use in television

The church has been used on multiple occasions by Yorkshire Television as a filming location including for Fat Friends and At Home with the Braithwaites.
* West side and graveyard
* Lady chapel
* Porch and main door
* Creation window
# St Chad's Chapel, Tushingham

St Chad's Chapel (often referred to as Old St Chad's) is an isolated church in the scattered community of Tushingham in the civil parish of Tushingham-cum-Grindley, Macefen and Bradley, Cheshire, England. The only approach to the chapel is on footpaths across fields from the A41 road. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

## History

Deeds dated 1349 refer to a chapel on this site which was a chapel of ease to St Oswald's Church, Malpas. A document dated 1621 refers to it as Chadwick Chapel, although by 1636 another document called it Chad Chapel. It was rebuilt in 1689–91 and has been little changed since. The principal financial donations for the chapel were from John Dod, a London mercer who had been born in Tushingham. The chapel is now referred to as Old Chad because its functions have been replaced by St Chad's Church built in 1863 on the A41 road.

## Architecture
### Exterior

The chapel is built in brown brick with a grey slate roof. Its plan consists of a tower at the west end with an external staircase leading to an internal west gallery. The body of the chapel is in three bays without aisles; it is furnished as a nave and a chancel. A vestry projects south from the west bay of the nave. The tower is small with a pyramid-roof. It has a west door with a loophole above it, a plain band at the belfry floor level, paired camber-headed bell-openings and a weathercock.

### Interior

The roof is unusual in that the sections between the principal beams are filled with carvings making a star-like pattern. All the chapel furnishings are made from Cheshire oak. The holy table dates from the 17th century, and on each side of it are panelled family box pews. On the wall above the south pew are three marble memorials to the Vernon and Murhall families, and above the north pew is a marble memorial to the Stephens family. Above the two east windows is the royal coat of arms of George III. A low screen divides the chancel from the nave. The seating in the nave consists of plain seats and backs without any decoration. At the west end is a gallery which is reached by the external staircase. The font is Jacobean in style, and the pulpit is a three-decker.

## External features

Adjacent to the church is a small building containing a horse-drawn hearse. It is built of brown brick with a pyramidal roof of grey slates and is dated 1822. The hearse-house is a Grade II listed building.
# St George's Fields, Westminster

St George's Fields are a former burial ground of St George's, Hanover Square, lying between Connaught Street and Bayswater Road in Tyburnia deconsecrated and sold off by the Church Commissioners in the 1970s to be built upon by The Utopian Housing Association, a housing trust.
The architects, Design 5, used a ziggurat style of building (similar to the Brunswick by Patrick Hodgkinson), retaining much of the open space whilst creating 300 dwellings. Parts of the double walls surrounding the burial ground - reputedly designed to frustrate grave robbers - have been preserved along with a number of tombstones.
The burial ground was also used for years as an archery ground, hence the nearby Archery Close and one of the new buildings being called Archery Steps.
The estate is now in private ownership although the grounds of St George's Fields are opened to the public once a year under the London Garden Square Scheme when one of London's oldest plane trees, with a girth of over 18 ft (5.5 m), may be seen set amongst the other trees.
Although the buildings on the estate are not listed they have been included within the Bayswater Road Conservation Area established by the City of Westminster to preserve the amenities of this historic area.
Within ten minutes walk is London Paddington station, and the nearest London Underground stations are Marble Arch, Lancaster Gate on the Central line, and Edgware Road station on the Circle, District, and Hammersmith & City lines.
Post Code to look up location on either GPS or a map is W2 2YE.
# St Philip the Apostle, Tottenham

St Philip the Apostle Church is a Church of England parish church in Tottenham, London, and part of the Diocese of London.
In 1899 the London Diocesan Home Mission established a district which was served by an iron church in Philip Lane. A permanent church, dedicated to St Philip the Apostle, was founded in 1906 on the east corner of Clonmell Road and Philip Lane. A consolidated chapelry, from the parishes of Holy Trinity and Christ Church, was formed in 1907, and the Bishop of London became patron of the living. The new church, of red brick with stone dressings, was designed by J. P. Cutts in the Perpendicular style; it was not orientated and consisted of an aisled nave, a chancel, which was finished in 1911, and a south-east chapel, and seated 800. There were plans for a north-west tower, of which only the first stage was completed. The organ came from St. Philip, Clerkenwell. (fn. 154) A yellow-brick church hall was built to the west, near Spur Road.
# Stenoma pertinax

Stenoma pertinax is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are light ochreous with a dark purple-fuscous irregular blotch on the base of the costa, reaching nearly half across the wing. There is a dark purple-fuscous spot on the costa before the middle. The plical stigma is very small and dark fuscous, the second discal is rather large and quadrate and there is a broad rather dark purple-fuscous terminal fascia, anterior edge running from five-sixths of the costa to two-thirds of the dorsum, with a projection above the middle where a train of several indistinct dots of dark fuscous irroration runs to the costal spot, and a convex-prominent on the lower third so as to touch the second discal stigma beneath, including a suffused pale ochreous streak along the upper part of termen, and marked on the termen with five or six rather large blackish dots. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Steve Sims (boxer)

Steve "Sammy" Sims (born 10 October 1958) is a Welsh former professional boxer. He held the British featherweight title in 1982, the Welsh Area super-featherweight title from 1985 to 1986 and challenged once for the European featherweight title in 1983.

## Career

Sims made his professional debut in June 1979, defeating Selvin Bell in a points decision (PTS). He suffered his first loss in his following fight, a fifth-round technical knockout (TKO) to Erig Roganesi. Sims fought frequently in his early career, fighting 14 times by November 1980, recording a 7–7 record. During this spell, he defeated future British bantamweight title holder Davy Larmour and suffered a defeat to another future bantamweight champion, John Feeney.
Following defeat to Feeney, Sims embarked on the longest unbeaten run of his career. He recorded a draw with Vernon Penprase in December 1980 before defeating him in a rematch six months later. He fought Jimmy Flint in October 1981. Flint entered the fight with a 27–2 record but suffered a knockout (KO) defeat to Sims, who went on to record a third straight victory by defeating Belgian Jean-Marc Renard.
When Patrick Cowdell vacated his British featherweight title in 1982, Sims was offered a fight against Terry McKeown for the vacant belt. The pair met in September 1982 in St. Andrew's Sporting Club. Sims knocked McKeown down in the 12th round, with his opponent falling out of the ring. The referee began a ten count against McKeown who reentered the ring on one knee as the referee reached ten, leading to Sims being declared the winner. McKeown unsuccessfully protested the call as Sims became the first Welshman to win the title since Howard Winstone in 1966.
Following his victory, Sims was set to face Barry McGuigan in his first title defence, being set to receive £7,000 for the bout. However, the temporary retirement of Cowdell resulted in Sims being nominated to face undefeated Italian Loris Stecca for the vacant European featherweight title. Sims ultimately chose to vacate his British title to take the fight against Stecca. Part of Sims' training regime for the fight involved running the 290 steps of the Newport Transporter Bridge, both up and down, ten times a day. Sims lost the fight to Stecca by TKO and went on to lose three of his next four fights. He moved up to super-featherweight in 1985 and defeated Steve Cleak for the Welsh Area title at his new weight. He also successfully defended the belt against Tony Borg. He unsuccessfully challenged Robert Dickie for the British featherweight title in 1986 and fought in two more bouts before retiring.

## Later life

After retiring from fighting, Sims opened Ringland Boxing Club in his hometown of Newport. He also set up Sammy's Community Hub in Alway. A documentary of his community work, entitled Boxing in the Blood, was premiered in his hometown in 2015.
# Steve Simpson (rugby league)

Steve Simpson (born 27 September 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australia international representative second-row, he could also play prop or lock and played his entire club career for the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership.

## Background

Simpson was born in Maitland, New South Wales, Australia.

## Career

Simpson played for the Newcastle Knights at second-row forward in their 2001 NRL Grand Final victory over the Parramatta Eels. Having won the 2001 NRL Premiership, the Knights travelled to England to play the 2002 World Club Challenge against Super League champions, the Bradford Bulls. Simpson played at second-row forward in Newcastle's loss. He was first selected to represent New South Wales as a second-rower for all three games of the 2002 State of Origin series. Simpson made his test debut in Australia's 64–10 victory over Great Britain in July 2002.
At the end of the 2003 NRL season, he went on the 2003 Kangaroo tour.
Injuries prevented Simpson from being available for the 2003 and 2004 State of Origin series, he played in all games of the 2005, 2006 and 2007 series. He also participated in the 2006 ANZAC Tests against New Zealand. Simpson was selected to play for the Australian national team from the interchange bench in the 2007 ANZAC Test match victory against New Zealand. In August 2008, Simpson was named in the preliminary 46-man Kangaroos squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. He was selected for Country in the City vs Country match on 8 May 2009. However, he did not play in the match after withdrawing with injury.
He was offered to play for the Ireland national rugby league team in the 2008 Rugby World Cup but declined.
On 10 August 2010, Simpson announced his retirement after an ongoing knee injury did not respond well to treatment. In his career Simpson has played 216 games and scored 32 tries.
# Stephen Edwin Yarnold

Stephen Edwin Yarnold (9 August 1903 – 25 September 1978) was an Australian army chaplain and Presbyterian minister. Yarnold was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England and died in Silvan, Victoria.
# St Neots Museum

St Neots Museum is a local museum located in St Neots, within the Huntingdonshire District of Cambridgeshire, England.
The museum is housed in the Old Court, a former police station and law court building on New Street. It presents the history of the market town of St Neots on the River Great Ouse from prehistoric times onwards. The museum includes the original 1907 cell block where prisoners were detained, which is now the location for 'Jailbreak', a highly successful Escape Room which opened in April 2018, and is due to start its third season in May 2019.
# Zharskiy

39°00′10″N 49°10′22″E﻿ / ﻿39.00278°N 49.17278°E﻿ / 39.00278; 49.17278
Zharskiy (also, Zharovskiye) is a village in the Masally Rayon of Azerbaijan.