OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wen Shin Chia

Wen Shin Chia (born c. 1991) is a Malaysian environmentalist and entrepreneur.

## Early life and family

Chia was born in Kuala Lumpur and raised in Selengor, Malaysia. She is the youngest among two siblings. Her mother died when she was 15 years old.
Chia attended SMK Kepong.

## Environmentalism

Chia earned a bachelor's degree in Environmental Science and Technology from Universiti Putra Malaysia. She decided to take it after noticing the increasing pollution in camping and hiking sites she used to frequent to. At her third year, Chia conducted a survey and found out that 90 percent of Malaysian households are oblivious on how to properly dispose cooking oil — a majority admitted to dumping it into sinks, drains and toilet bowls. Hence, Chia's university project was a community-based initiative in recycling cooking oils to soaps.
Chia worked as a product development executive at an agri-chemical company for a few months before establishing Green Yards.

### Green Yards

Green Yards is a social enterprise that recycles cooking oil to eco-friendly products and aims to reduce water pollution in Malaysia in return. Green Yards collects used oil from households, restaurants and markets. They give free soap per 5 kg of oil. In its first year, Green Yards was able to prevent 4.7 tonnes of cooking oil from being dumped.
Green Yards also conducts recycling workshops.
# Windhill (disambiguation)

Windhill is a hamlet in Ross and Cromarty, in the Highland council area of Scotland.
Windhill may also refer to:
* Windhill, West Yorkshire, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
* Windhill, Staincross, in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England
* Windhill, Mexborough, in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
# Wilson Nunataks

Wilson Nunataks (80°1′S 80°38′W﻿ / ﻿80.017°S 80.633°W﻿ / -80.017; -80.633) is an irregular string of nunataks about 8nautical miles (15km) long, lying between the Douglas Peaks and the head of Hercules Inlet in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party to these mountains, 1963–64, for Chief Warrant Officer Kenneth Wilson, pilot with the 62nd Transportation Detachment which assisted the party.
These nunataks (mountain peaks sticking above the ice surface) are visible from the Hercules Inlet, a common starting point for long-distance expeditions trekking 1170 km from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole.

## Features

Geographical features include:
* Fusco Nunatak
This article incorporates public domain material from "Wilson Nunataks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Ellsworth Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# West Coast Blues!

West Coast Blues! is a studio album by American tenor saxophonist Harold Land, released in 1960 by Jazzland label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
According to Scott Yanow of AllMusic: "The music is as well-played and swinging as one would expect from this superior bop group."

## Track listing

* "Ursula" (Harold Land) – 7:07
* "Klactoveedsedstene" (Charlie Parker) – 9:59
* "Don't Explain" (Arthur Herzog Jr., Billie Holiday) – 4:54
* "West Coast Blues" (Wes Montgomery) – 6:02
* "Terrain" (Land) – 7:46
* "Compulsion" (Land) – 6:48

## Personnel

* Harold Land – tenor saxophone
* Wes Montgomery – guitar
* Joe Gordon – trumpet
* Barry Harris – piano
* Sam Jones – double bass
* Louis Hayes – drums
# Wepener (surname)

Wepener is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Louw Wepener (1812–1865), South African commandant
* Willie Wepener (born 1981), South African rugby union player
# Wepener Commando

Wepener Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Origin

This commando was named in honour of Commandant Louw Wepener, a boer leader from the Basotho wars.

### Operations
#### With the Orange Free State Republic
##### During the Anglo Boer War

The commando was involved in the Anglo Boer War most notable being:
* the Battle of Biddulphsberg in 1900.

#### With the UDF

By 1902 all Commando remnants were under British military control and disarmed.
By 1912, however previous Commando members could join shooting associations.
By 1940, such commandos were under control of the National Reserve of Volunteers.
These commandos were formally reactivated by 1948.

#### With the SADF

During this era, the commando was mainly used for area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the rural police.
The unit was also used for border protection with Lesotho.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| 1900 | Commandant Paul Roux | nd |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Western Main Road

The Western Main Road is the main road in Trinidad and Tobago that runs west from Green Corner in downtown Port of Spain, through St. James, where it is the main thoroughfare, til the Military Base in Chaguaramas.
It is most notable as the scene of the Hosay which his held annually in May or June.
# Western crested berrypecker

The western crested berrypecker (Paramythia olivacea) is a species of bird in the family Paramythiidae. It is commonly found in the high montane forests and shrublands of New Guinea.
# West Hallam railway station

West Hallam railway station was a railway station located between the villages of Stanley and West Hallam in Derbyshire, England. It was opened by the Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) on its Derbyshire Extension in 1878.

## History

The station was originally called Stanley, but its name was quickly changed to West Hallam for Dale Abbey to avoid confusion with another station in Yorkshire. It was provided with substantial brick buildings; a two-storey station master's house and the usual single storey offices on the main platform with a small timber waiting room on the other.
On a Sunday evening in October 1884 Godfrey Bostock (68) and his wife Mary (67), who lived in Kimberley and had been visiting relatives in Smalley Common, were killed while crossing the track at West Hallam Station. Apparently they mistook a light engine working from Derby as their train and while hurrying to cross the line to the platform were both hit and died immediately from head injuries. Following a recommendation of the coroner at their inquest, West Hallam became one of the few intermediate stations on the line to be given a footbridge.
Beside the presence of productive collieries, it was particularly busy during World War II due to a nearby ordnance depot, a satellite of that at Chilwell. Sunday passengers services finished in 1939, and it closed completely in 1964.
From Ilkeston the line climbed through West Hallam to a summit at Morley Tunnel before descending towards Breadsall.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Ilkeston North | London Midland Region of British Railways (Derby) Friargate Line | Breadsall |

## Present day

Most signs of the railway have disappeared apart from the station building itself. Part was demolished on closure, but the main part is now a private dwelling known as 'Station House'. The large cutting which took the line from the station past Stanley was filled in using spoil from the neighbouring former Stanley colliery so that the route of the line can only be established by using field boundaries today.
# Wire speed

In computer networking, wire speed or wirespeed refers to the hypothetical peak physical layer net bit rate (useful information rate) of a cable (consisting of fiber-optical wires or copper wires) combined with a certain digital communication device, interface, or port. For example, the wire speed of Fast Ethernet is 100 Mbit/s also known as the peak bitrate, connection speed, useful bit rate, information rate, or digital bandwidth capacity. The wire speed is the data transfer rate that a telecommunications standard provides at a reference point between the physical layer and the data link layer.

## Related terms

The wire speed should not be confused with the line bitrate, also known as gross bit rate, raw bitrate or data signalling rate, which is 125 Mbit/s in fast Ethernet. In case there is a physical layer overhead, for example due to line coding or error-correcting codes, the line bitrate is higher than the wire speed. The theoretical channel capacity of the cable may be much higher, especially if the cable is short, but this is not utilized in the communication standard. The channel capacity depends on the physical and electrical properties of the cable, while the wire speed also depends on the connection protocols. The wire speed may also refer to maximum throughput, which typically is a couple of percent lower than the physical layer net bit rate in wired networks due to data-link-layer protocol overhead, data packet gaps, etc., and much lower in wireless networks.

## Communicating "at wire speed"

The term at wire speed, or the adjective wire speed, describes any computer system or hardware device that is able to achieve a throughput equal to the maximum throughput of the communication standard. This requires that the CPU capacity, bus capacity, network switching capacity, etc., be sufficient. Network switches, routers, and similar devices are sometimes described as operating at wire speed. Data encryption and decryption and hardware emulation are software functions that might run at wire speed (or close to it) when embedded in a microchip.
The wire speed is rarely achieved in connections between computers due to CPU limitations, disk read/write overhead, or contention for resources. However, it is still a useful concept for estimating the theoretical best throughput, and how far the real-life performance falls short of the maximum.
The term wire speed (or wirespeed) is considered a non-formal language term.
# Winko v British Columbia (Forensic Psychiatric Institute)

Winko v British Columbia (Forensic Psychiatric Institute), [1999] 2 S.C.R. 625 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on constitutionality of the mental health laws in the Criminal Code under section 7 and section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

## Background

Joseph Winko lived in Vancouver and suffered from a mental illness which included hearing voices. In 1983, he was arrested for attacking pedestrians with a knife and charged with aggravated assault, assault with a weapon, and possession of a weapon for purposes dangerous to the public peace.
At trial he was found "not criminally responsible" and was institutionalized at the Forensic Psychiatric Institute. In 1995, the institute's review board directed Winko to be given a conditional discharge. Winko appealed the ruling, asking instead for absolute discharge.
The issue before the Supreme Court was whether section 672.54 of the Criminal Code which granted the review board the power to give discharges was a violation of section 7 and 15 of the Charter.
The majority of the Court held that the Criminal Code provision did not violate the Charter.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice McLachlin, writing for the majority of the Court, dismissed the appeal. She held that the provision was not overly vague, overbroad, or imposed an improper onus and so did not violate section 7 of the Charter. She also found that the provision gave differential treatment based on an enumerated ground under section 15, however, the distinction did not constitute discrimination as the treatment reflected the needs of the individuals by attempting to treat them.
# Winklevoss

Winklevoss may refer to:
* Howard Winklevoss (born 1943), American actuary, professor and author
* Cameron Winklevoss (born 1981), American investor, entrepreneur and rower, twin brother of Tyler Winklevoss
* Tyler Winklevoss (born 1981), American investor, entrepreneur and rower, twin brother of Cameron Winklevoss
** Winklevoss Capital Management, cofounded and owned by the two brothers
# Witków

Witków may refer to:
* Witków, Legnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Witków, Świdnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Witków, Wałbrzych County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Witków, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Witków, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Witków, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Winning: The Racing Life of Paul Newman

Winning: The Racing Life of Paul Newman is a 2015 documentary directed by Adam Carolla and Nate Adams. It is based on the book by the same name written by Mat Stone and Preston Lerner The film chronicles the 35 year car racing career of Paul Newman and his racing life as both a driver and owner.

## Release

The film premiered on April 16, 2015, in Los Angeles. It was released in theaters and video-on-demand on May 8, 2015.
# Wissberg

The Wissberg is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located east of Engelberg in Central Switzerland. Its summit lies on the border between the cantons of Obwalden and Uri.
# Westsylvania Heritage Corporation

The Westsylvania Heritage Corporation (formerly the Allegheny Heritage Development Corporation) is a public organization centered in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. It was created in the late 1990s by the Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission, a federal commission made to oversee the America's Industrial Heritage Project. Westsylvania's aims are to promote the history and protect the identity of western Pennsylvania; among its actions toward these ends was the publication of Westsylvania magazine, a quarterly periodical on the history of and life in the region, which was issued from 1997 through 2006, when it ceased publication for lack of funding.
# Witkowice

Witkowice may refer to:
* Witkowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Witkowice, part of the Prądnik Biały district of Kraków
* Witkowice, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Witkowice, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Witkowice, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Witkowice, Chodzież County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Witkowice, Konin County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Witkowice, Szamotuły County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Witkowice, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
# West Midlands County Council

West Midlands County Council (WMCC) was, from 1974 to 1986, the upper-tier administrative body for the West Midlands county, a metropolitan county in England.

## History

The WMCC existed for a total of twelve years. It was established on 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972 and was abolished on 31 March 1986. It was abolished along with five other metropolitan county councils and the Greater London Council by the government of Margaret Thatcher under the Local Government Act 1985.
The WMCC was a strategic authority running regional services such as transport, emergency services, and strategic planning. Elections were held to the council in 1973, 1977 and 1981. Elections were due to be held in 1985 but were cancelled due to the council's impending abolition. The Labour Party controlled the council from 1974 to 1977, with the Conservatives controlling it 1977–81. It reverted to Labour control for the last term 1981–86.

## Premises

The first meeting of the shadow authority was held on 30 April 1973 at Council House, Birmingham. Meetings were held at Council House throughout the county council's existence. The county council established its main administrative offices at County Hall, 1 Lancaster Circus, in central Birmingham. After the county council's abolition in 1986, County Hall was occupied, but not as its headquarters, by Birmingham City Council, until it was sold in 2022 to private investors.

## Political control

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1974 until its abolition in 1986 was held by the following parties:
| Party in control | Years |
| Labour | 1974–1977 |
| Conservative | 1977–1981 |
| Labour | 1981–1986 |

### Leadership

The leaders of the council were:
| Councillor | Party | From | To |
| Stan Yapp | Labour | 1 Apr 1974 | 8 May 1977 |
| John Taylor | Conservative | 23 May 1977 | Jul 1979 |
| Gilbert Richards | Conservative | Jul 1979 | 27 Jun 1980 |
| Alan Hope | Conservative | Jul 1980 | May 1981 |
| Gordon Morgan | Labour | May 1981 | 31 Mar 1986 |

### Council elections

Elections were held to the West Midlands County Council three times, in 1973, 1977, and 1981.
| Year | Conservative | Labour | Liberal | Other |
| 1973 | 27 | 73 | 4 | 0 |
| 1977 | 82 | 18 | 3 | 1 |
| 1981 | 25 | 74 | 5 | 0 |
Elections were due to be held in 1985 but these were cancelled due to the council's impending abolition. Those councillors elected in 1981 had their terms of office extended until the council's abolition on 31 March 1986.
# West Midlands Ghost Club

The West Midlands Ghost Club is a ghost-hunting club formed in 1989. The groups stated goal is 'to study and investigate (alleged) paranormal activity within the West Midlands'. They are the oldest paranormal investigative group in the West Midlands.
The group was founded by Nick Duffy in 1989 and began with five volunteer members; this has now expanded to thirteen. They are based in Willenhall.
The group claims to have collected evidence in support of the existence of ghosts including 'inexplicable footsteps' in the Court Oak pub in Harborne. They have completed investigations for Alton Towers and have been hired as consultants by the BBC, ITV & Channel 4. They have performed over 100 investigations at haunted locations all over the West Midlands.
Unlike other ghost clubs in the area, the group has a policy against taking psychics or sceptics along to investigations. They do not conduct scientific experiments as a matter of principle and the group's founder has said repeatedly that he thinks no one has an explanation for what ghostly phenomenon is.
# Western New York League

The Western New York League was a minor league baseball league that played briefly in the 1890 season. The four–team Independent level Western New York League consisted of franchises based exclusively in New York. The Western New York League permanently folded after the 1890 season.

## History

The Western New York League began play as an Independent level minor league in 1890. The Bath Bathers, Canisteo, New York, Hornell, New York and Wellsville, New York teams were the four charter franchises.
The Western New York League began play on September 9, 1890. When the season ended on September 27, 1890, the Canisteo team was in first place with a 6–0 record. Canisteo was followed by Wellsville (3–3), Hornell (2–4) and the Bath Bathers (1–5) in the final standings.
Baseball Hall of Fame member John McGraw played the 1890 shortened season as a member of the Wellsville team. Aviator Alfred Lawson was a teammate of McGraw on the Wellsville team.
The Western New York League permanently folded after the 1890 season.

## 1890 Western New York League teams

| Team name | City represented | Ballpark | Year active |
| Bath Bathers | Bath, New York | Unknown | 1890 |
| Canisteo | Canisteo, New York | Unknown | 1890 |
| Hornell | Hornell, New York | Unknown | 1890 |
| Wellsville | Wellsville, New York | Unknown | 1890 |

## Western New York League standings
### 1890

| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
| Canisteo | 6 | 0 | 1.000 | – | NA |
| Wellsville | 3 | 3 | .500 | 3.0 | Alfred Lawson |
| Hornell | 2 | 4 | .333 | 4.0 | NA |
| Bath Bathers | 1 | 5 | .167 | 5.0 | NA |
# Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik

The Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik (Witten Days for New Chamber Music) is a music festival for contemporary chamber music, jointly organised by the town Witten in the Ruhr Area and the broadcasting station Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR). The concerts take place over a weekend at the end of April or in early May, and concentrate on world premieres of small-scale works, more than 600 as of 2010. They are broadcast worldwide via the European Broadcasting Union.

## History

The composer Robert Ruthenfranz founded the Wittener Musiktage in 1936. After World War II the festival was held at irregular intervals (1947, 1948, 1950, 1953 and 1957), until 1960 when it became an annual event.
In 1969 the WDR took over the running of the festival, and it received its present name. From 1969 to 1989 Wilfried Brennecke of the WDR was responsible for the programming, focussing on composers portrait concert since 1978 and introducing composers from countries behind the Iron Curtain, such as Friedrich Goldmann and György Kurtág.
Since 1990 Harry Vogt, also of the WDR, has directed the program and widened the festival to all varieties of chamber music, including sound installations, improvisations and aspects of music theatre. Among others, the ensemble recherche from Freiburg, Klangforum Wien, the Arditti String Quartet and the Ensemble Modern have been regular performers. More recently, the Ascolta and musikFabrik ensembles have also taken part. Starting in 1999, ensemble recherche began commissioning an ongoing series of short In Nomine compositions for the festival, dedicated to Harry Vogt, collectively titled the Witten In Nomine Broken Consort Book. Composers who have contributed pieces to this series have included Brian Ferneyhough, Georg Friedrich Haas, Toshio Hosokawa, György Kurtág, Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf, Gérard Pesson, Robert H.P. Platz, Rolf Riehm, Wolfgang Rihm, Salvatore Sciarrino, Matthias Pintscher, Hans Zender, and Walter Zimmermann.
The festival of 2010 was an event of the European Capital of Culture in the Ruhrgebiet, called RUHR.2010. Featured composers were Matthias Pintscher and Jörg Widmann, both students of Hans Werner Henze. Other composers included Beat Furrer who founded the ensemble Klangforum Wien 25 years before, Enno Poppe (1969), Salvatore Sciarrino, Bernhard Lang and Friedrich Cerha.
The festival has been compared to the Donaueschinger Musiktage. The Goethe-Institut states its importance:
   Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) ... has staunchly supported contemporary music ..., playing a leading role from 1968 on at the Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, probably the most important contemporary music festival after Donaueschingen. With its focus on small formations, Witten thrives on its high standards of composition and interpretation. This festival has pioneered major developments in the history of musical genres, including the renaissance of the string quartet, that would not have been conceivable without its advocacy.