OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Fröhle

Robert Fröhle is an Austrian para-alpine skier. He represented Austria at the Winter Paralympics in 2002, 2006 and 2010.
In 2006 he won one bronze medal in the Men's super-G sitting event.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Location | Position | Event | Time |
| 2002 | 2002 Winter Paralympics | Salt Lake City, United States | 5th | Men's Downhill LW11 | 1:24.98 |
| 2006 | 2006 Winter Paralympics | Turin, Italy | 15th | Men's Slalom Sitting | 1:35.58 |
| 2006 | 2006 Winter Paralympics | Turin, Italy | 3rd | Men's super-G sitting | 1:15.04 |
| 2006 | 2006 Winter Paralympics | Turin, Italy | 12th | Men's Giant Slalom Sitting | 1:59.79 |
| 2006 | 2006 Winter Paralympics | Turin, Italy | 13th | Men's Downhill Sitting | 1:25.17 |
| 2010 | 2010 Winter Paralympics | Vancouver, Canada | 6th | Men's super-G sitting | 1:24.00 |
| 2010 | 2010 Winter Paralympics | Vancouver, Canada | 8th | Men's Giant Slalom Sitting | 2:49.83 |
# Robert Graham Heiner

Robert Graham Heiner (1901–1977) was a 20th-Century American law partners of Cahill, Gordon, Reindel & Ohl and president of Planned Parenthood of New York City.

## Background

Heiner was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Johns Hopkins College (as was Alger Hiss). In 1923, as a Rhodes scholar, he obtained a degree in law from Oxford University.

## Career
### Private practice

Heiner joined the law firm of Cotton & Franklin. He became a partner and specialized in securities and international finance.
During World War II, he served as assistant general counsel in the U.S. Lend‐Lease Administration.

### Hiss Case

By August 1948, Heiner had joined Cahill, Gordon, Reindel & Ohl. He was second pick for lead attorney by Alger Hiss, following allegations by Whittaker Chambers earlier that month that Hiss had been a member of the Ware Group Soviet network. First pick and fellow Baltimore lawyer and childhood friend William L. Marbury Jr. was in Geneva for a month to help negotiate the GATT. Hiss wrote Marbury to this effect on August 31, 1948. The letter documents that Hiss was trying to retain Heiner as of August 13 for his executive session with HUAC on August 16. Before that second hearing by Hiss, Heiner and colleague Jerry Doyle had advised him that their firm ("Cahill, Gordon") could not represent Hiss, as they faced possible "conflict with another government interest." As a result, Hiss had no counsel then and to scramble to find counsel for "Confrontation Day" (August 25). Hiss managed to latch onto John F. Davis, recently returned to private practice and formerly an SEC lawyer and fellow ‘’Harvard Law Review’’ member (who continued on the Hiss defense).
Cases in which he worked included United States v. Morgan, 118 F. Supp. 621 (S.D.N.Y 1953).
In 1962, he retired from Cahill, Gordon, Reindel & Ohl.

### Planned Parenthood

In 1963, Heiner joined the national board of the Planned Parenthood Federation and served until 1968. In 1972, he joined as president of the New York chapter of Planned Parenthood and served until 1974.
At the time of his death, he was a trustee of the Erhman and Schimper foundations and had previously served as a trustee of Knickerbocker Hospital.

## Personal and death

Heiner had been a friend of Margaret Sanger.
He married twice. His first wife, Frances Eliot Cassiday, died in 1958. His second wife, Nina King Colgate, survived him. He had two children with his first wife.
He died of leukemia on July 22, 1977, at the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, aged 76.
# Viliami Lutua

Viliami Lutua (born circa 1956) is a Tongan former rugby union prop.

## Career

Lutua debuted for Tonga on 8 August 1981, against Fiji, in Nuku'alofa. He was also part of the 1987 Rugby World Cup 'Ikale Tahi squad, playing the pool stage matches against Wales and Ireland in the tournament. His final cap for Tonga was on 8 October 1988, against Fiji, in Nadi. Currently, Lutui is a Tonga Rugby Union board member.
# Robert Leonard Hazen

Robert Leonard Hazen (15 October 1808 – 15 August 1874) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician.
Hazen was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and by age 23 had been called to the bar of New Brunswick. He had a successful legal career, and by 1846 was appointed a judge on the Court of the Vice-Admiralty. He first entered politics in 1837 when he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Upon Canadian Confederation he was appointed to the new Senate of Canada on 23 October 1867 by royal proclamation. He represented the senatorial division of New Brunswick until his death.
Robert Leonard Hazen was the grandson of William Hazen, a prominent New Brunswick businessman and officeholder who was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts.
# Robert Orr Campbell

Robert Orr Campbell (1815–1892) was a Scottish businessman in Madras.
He was the son of Alexander Campbell of Barnhill and his wife Fanny, daughter of Robert Orr. He served as a non-official member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1861 to 1865. He was a partner in the British firm of Binny and Co. and served as the President of the Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1854 to 1856.
Campbell became chairman of the National Bank of India. He died at Kempston, Bedfordshire, England.
# Cymanfa Ganu

A Cymanfa Ganu (Welsh pronunciation:, 'singing festival') is a Welsh festival of sacred hymns, sung with four-part harmony by a congregation, usually under the direction of a choral director.
The Cymanfa Ganu movement was launched in 1859 at Bethania Chapel in Aberdare, where it was pioneered by the Reverend Evan Lewis.
In Wales, cymanfaoedd canu are held each year in many villages and towns throughout the country. Some have more than one Cymanfa Ganu a year, as often many separate chapels hold their own. Some large annual events occur in some chapels and take place at festivals such as the National Eisteddfod and the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod. Some are occasionally held in theatres and concert halls. Cymanfaoedd Canu are held across the world – wherever members of the Welsh diaspora live, significantly in Y Wladfa (Chubut Province, Argentina), e.g. Trelew and Gaiman, where there were significant Welsh settlements from the mid-19th century. In some of these areas Patagonian Welsh is still in daily use, together with Argentine Spanish. Outside of Wales, in the UK there are Cymanfaoedd Canu in London, parts of the West Midlands and other areas where there are still evangelical chapels using the medium of Welsh.
The preservation of the Cymanfa Ganu as a unique feature of Welsh culture is being supported by a number of Welsh cultural associations, such as the New Zealand National Gymanfa Ganu Association and the Welsh North American Association (North America).

## North American Gymanfa Ganu

Once a year, a four-day North American Festival of Wales is held in North America over the Labor Day weekend. The festival starts on Thursday night with an opening ceremony and concert. The weekend continues with an evening banquet sponsored by the North America Wales Foundation on Friday and a Saturday concert, generally featuring a Welsh male voice choir and soloists, both from Wales.
Sunday is the defining day of the four-day festival which begins with a bilingual church and memorial service. After a brief intermission, this service is followed by afternoon and evening sessions of the Gymanfa Ganu itself. A unique feature of the gymanfa ganu is the seating separation of alto, soprano, tenor, and bass singers into sections for the four-part harmony singing. And while the Gymanfa Ganu is conducted with the dignity of a church service, it is not unknown for the musical conductor to stop the singing when one or more of the voice sections wanders from the desired harmony and needs special attention.
Interspersed between the formal proceedings are frequent sessions of spontaneous singing of favorite hymns. A Welsh marketplace, offering Welsh products, artifacts, souvenirs, recordings, and books, is also available during the days of the festival. The Welsh North American Association is the main organizational body responsible for putting on the event.
# Susan Grant

Susan Grant is a United States Air Force veteran, pilot, and bestselling American writer who has won numerous awards, including the Romance Writers of America RITA Award.

## Biography

Grant was born in New York. She graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1982, the third class to include women, and was commissioned as an officer in the United States Air Force. She attended pilot training at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas and stayed on for three more years as a flight instructor pilot in the T-37. Her next assignment was to Mather Air Force Base, California, flying T-43s as a command pilot. Upon her honorable discharge from the Air Force in 1989, she went on to work for United Airlines as a pilot, flying Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, and Boeing 777s (current position).
She began writing in 1997 and is now the author of many award-winning, best-selling novellas and novels, including Contact, which won the 2003 Romance Writers of America RITA Award. She lives in Auburn, California.
# Staffordshire Moorlands Pan

The Staffordshire Moorlands Pan, sometimes known as the Ilam Pan, is a 2nd-century AD enamelled bronze trulla with an inscription naming four of the forts of Hadrian's Wall. Its decoration uses coloured vitreous enamel, in antiquity a speciality of Celtic art, in ornamental forms that provide a very rare link between Iron Age and Early Medieval "Celtic" art.
It weighs 132.5 g, and is 47 mm high with a maximum diameter of 94 mm, and is 54 mm around the outside of the base. It has been suggested that in addition to its functional role as a cooking or serving vessel it may have been a 'souvenir' of Hadrian's Wall, made for a soldier who had served there. It may have been made as a decorative pan and was then customised by having an inscription added later (using an engraved, rather than relief-cast, inscription as in other enamelled objects of this type).
It was found in June 2003 in Ilam parish, Staffordshire (well to the south of Hadrian's Wall), by metal-detectorists, and, in 2005, was bought jointly by the Tullie House Museum in Carlisle, the Potteries Museum in Stoke-on-Trent and London's British Museum, with the help of a grant of £112,200 from the Heritage Lottery Fund. It is a find of great national and international significance. The pan rotates between a number of locations, including the joint owning museums and another museum on Hadrian's Wall.

## Description

The Staffordshire Moorlands Pan, although lacking its handle and base, is an extremely well preserved enamelled and inscribed bronze (strictly speaking, "copper alloy") vessel for cooking and serving food, decorated in a Celtic style. The Celtic peoples of the Roman period made more use of enamel on metal than other parts of the Empire.
The decoration consists of "eight roundels, with eight pairs of intervening hollow-sided triangles. Each roundel encloses a swirling six-armed whirligig centred on a three-petalled device inlaid with red, blue, turquoise and yellow-coloured enamel." The inscription round the rim is engraved and then filled with enamel. It names forts on the wall: MAIS (Bowness-on-Solway), COGGABATA (Drumburgh), VXELODVNVM (Stanwix), CAMMOGLANNA (Castlesteads). The final part: RIGORE VALI AELI DRACONIS, is more elusive in meaning, but refers to the wall VALI, and probably a soldier DRACO. AELI may be part of his name, but was also Hadrian's family name, so may go with VALI, indicating that the Romans called the wall the "Aelian Wall".
There are other comparable trullae, and two with inscriptions relating to the wall; the inscription means this piece was almost certainly manufactured locally. Judging by these other finds, the handle would have been flat, with enamel decoration on the upper surface. The Rudge Cup has a different shape, but also names forts on the wall (see that article for the Amiens Skillet, another vessel with inscribed fort names).
The dragonesque brooch is a Romano-British type, often utilizing enamel, found mostly in northern England, probably made from around 75 to 175.
# Tetraleucus

Tetraleucus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Tetraleucus picticornis. It is found in North America.
# Volterra (crater)

Volterra is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northern latitudes on the far side of the Moon. To the northeast is the crater Olivier, and to the south-southwest lies von Békésy. This is an eroded crater formation, particularly along the western side where the rim is more uneven. A small crater lies across the northeast rim edge. The interior floor is relatively level in the eastern half, while the west is marked by several remnants of small craterlets in the surface.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Volterra.
| Volterra | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| R | 56.2° N | 129.6° E | 31 km |
# Video denoising

Video denoising is the process of removing noise from a video signal. Video denoising methods can be divided into:
* Spatial video denoising methods, where image noise reduction is applied to each frame individually.
* Temporal video denoising methods, where noise between frames is reduced. Motion compensation may be used to avoid ghosting artifacts when blending together pixels from several frames.
* Spatial-temporal video denoising methods use a combination of spatial and temporal denoising. This is often referred to as 3D denoising.
It is done in two areas:
They are chroma and luminance; chroma noise is where one sees color fluctuations, and luminance is where one sees light/dark fluctuations. Generally, the luminance noise looks more like film grain, while chroma noise looks more unnatural or digital-like.
Video denoising methods are designed and tuned for specific types of noise. Typical video noise types are the following:
* Analog noise
** Radio channel artifacts
*** High-frequency interference (dots, short horizontal color lines, etc.)
*** Brightness and color channel interference (problems with antenna)
*** Video reduplication – false contouring appearance
** VHS artifacts
*** Color-specific degradation
*** Brightness and color channel interference (specific type for VHS)
*** Chaotic line shift at the end of frame (lines resync signal misalignment)
*** Wide horizontal noise strips (old VHS or obstruction of magnetic heads)
** Film artifacts (see also Film preservation)
*** Dust, dirt, spray
*** Scratches
*** Curling (emulsion exfoliation)
*** Fingerprints
* Digital noise
** Blocking – low bitrate artifacts
** Ringing – low and medium bitrates artifact, especially on animated cartoons
** Blocks (slices) damage in case of losses in digital transmission channel or disk injury (scratches on DVD)
Different suppression methods are used to remove all these artifacts from video.
# Thulin E

Thulin E may refer to:
* Thulin E (aircraft)
* Thulin E (engine)
# Thuli–Manyange Dam

Thuli–Manyange (Elliot) Dam is proposed a reservoir on the Thuli River, south of Gwanda, Zimbabwe with a capacity of 33 million cubic metres. It is designed to operate in sync with Thuli–Moswa Dam.
# Thornton Junction railway station

Thornton Junction railway station served the village of Thornton, Fife, Scotland from 1847 to 1969 on the Fife Coast Railway.

## History

The station opened on 17 September 1847 as Thornton by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway. It was situated north of the triangle junction. The name was changed to Thornton Junction by the LNER on 1 July 1923. The station closed to both passengers and goods traffic on 6 October 1969.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Markinch Line and station open | | North British Railway Edinburgh and Northern Railway | | Dysart Line open, station closed |
# Thromidia

Thromidia is a genus of starfish in the family Mithrodiidae.

## Description and characteristics

These are unusually massive sea stars with five sausage-shaped arms, containing probably the heaviest species of Asteroidea, up to 6 kg.

## Species

There are four recognized species according to World Register of Marine Species:
* Thromidia brycei Marsh, 2009 – Western Australia
* Thromidia catalai Pope & Rowe, 1977 – West Pacific
* Thromidia gigas (Mortensen, 1935) – South-west Indian ocean
* Thromidia seychellesensis Pope & Rowe, 1977 – Seychelles
# Thần Tông

Thần Tông is the temple name used for several emperors of Vietnam, derived from the Chinese equivalent Shénzōng. It may refer to:
* Lý Thần Tông (1116–1138, reigned 1127–1138), emperor of the Lý dynasty
* Lê Thần Tông (1609–1662, reigned 1623–1643 and 1649–1662), emperor of the Lê dynasty
* Nguyễn Phúc Lan (1601–1648, reigned 1635–1648), one of the Nguyễn lords
# Tiago Carneiro da Cunha

Tiago Carneiro da Cunha (born 1973 in São Paulo, Brazil), is a Brazilian artist.
He is the son of José Mariano Carneiro da Cunha and Manuela Carneiro da Cunha, anthropologists. During his formative years, he took life-drawing classes in the studio of local painter Sergio Sister, drew comics, which were published, when he was 17, in the Brazilian underground comics mag Animal), and worked as a freelance illustrator for Folha de S.Paulo newspaper and DPZ advertising agency.
In his early twenties, after a year studying visual arts at Parsons School, New York, he worked as an assistant to theatre director and visual artist Robert Wilson in several stage productions in Europe and the US. He moved to Barcelona in 1995, where he continued his studies and helped create the XXX collective, with which he presented performances in museums and festivals in Spain and Portugal (Fundació Miró, CCCB, Expo98), and which received the KRTU prize from the Government of Catalunya in 1996.
On his return to Brazil in 1998, he was awarded the Apartes Scholarship, from the Brazilian Ministry of Education's CAPES Institute, for postgraduate studies in Visual Arts at Goldsmiths College London, where he is tutored by artists such as the Chapman Brothers, Liam Gillick, Martin Maloney, Cerith Wyn Evans, Pierre Bismuth, Richard Wentworth and Michael Craig-Martin among others. In collaboration with Eva Bensasson, he organizes the collective exhibition "nonstop opening"(1999), which shows hundreds of young artists in the Acava Studios Gallery in Soho, and which later receives an edition in Lisbon at the Galeria Zé dos Bois (2000, organized by João Pedro Vale, Nuno Ferreira & Vasco Araújo). Also during his stay in London, he works for a year as an assistant to British artist Liam Gillick.
In 2001, he returned to Brazil for an exhibition with Enrico David at the AGORA/Capacete Gallery, Rio de Janeiro, and for his first one-man show at Galeria Fortes Vilaça, São Paulo (2002), which established himself permanently in Rio de Janeiro. In 2006, he has his first one-man show in a London Gallery, at Kate Macgarry Gallery. He participated on a regular basis in group shows at museums and institutions in Brazil and abroad, and his work is part of collections such as the Saatchi Collection UK, Arizona State Art Museum Permanent Collection USA, Thyssen-Bornemissa TBA21 Collection Austria, and Coleção Gilberto Chateaubriand/MAM Rio de Janeiro, amongst others. In early 2009, Tiago Carneiro showed his work at Misako and Rosen Gallery, Tokyo, together with Erika Verzutti; in 2008, he had a solo show at Galeria VPF in Lisbon. He was the resident artist and guest tutor at the University of the Arts, Philadelphia, USA, in the fall of 2009.
# Tiago André

Tiago André may refer to:
* Tiago André (footballer, born 1983), Portuguese footballer who plays as a forward
* Tiago André (footballer, born 1997), Portuguese footballer who plays as a left-back
# Thubron

Thubron is an English family name and may refer to:
* Ernest Blakelock Thubron (1861–1927), raced in 1908 Olympics as Émile Thubron
* Gerald Thubron OBE (1903–1992), British soldier
* Colin Thubron (born 1939), British writer
* Harry Thubron (1915–1985) English artist and art teacher
# Ticehurst (surname)

Ticehurst is an English surname. It is not known whether this surname refers to the village of Ticehurst, England or to a similarly named sub-manor of nearby Burwash which has since fallen into disuse. The surname was used as long ago as 1264, and has been used continuously since at least 1432 by a family living in Ashburnham.
In 1881 the surname was found almost entirely on the south coast of England, with the highest concentration of Ticehursts being located in Sussex but the name has since spread further afield in the UK and also abroad.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Claud Buchanan Ticehurst (1881–1941), British ornithologist
* Ken Ticehurst (born 1945), Australian politician
* Susan Ticehurst, American politician
* Vickie Ticehurst, Australian basketball player
# Tiffin (disambiguation)

Tiffin may refer to:

## People

* Annabel Tiffin, presenter of the regional BBC news programme, North West Tonight
* Charles Tiffin, architect
* Edward Tiffin (1766–1829), the first governor of Ohio
* Helen Tiffin, professor of English
* Jock Tiffin (1896–1966), general secretary of the British Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU)
* Pamela Tiffin (1942–2020), American actress

## Places

In the United States:
* Tiffin, Iowa
* Tiffin, Missouri
* Tiffin, Ohio
* Tiffin Township, Adams County, Ohio
* Tiffin Township, Defiance County, Ohio
* Tiffin River, in Ohio and Michigan

## Other

* Tiffin (book), cookbook
* Tiffin (confectionery), a chocolate confection made with raisins and crushed biscuits
* Tiffin carrier or box, another name for the Indian dabba lunchbox
* Tiffin School, a selective grammar school for boys in Kingston upon Thames
* Tiffin Girls' School, a selective grammar school in Kingston upon Thames
* Tiffin University, a private university in Tiffin, Ohio, United States
* Glassware made by the United States Glass Company is sometimes referred to as "Tiffin glass"
* Tiffin (horse)
# Tigrioides puncticollis

Tigrioides puncticollis is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found on Borneo, Java, Bali and Lombok. The habitat consists of lower montane forests and lowland forests.
The larvae feed on mosses. They are short, dark and very hairy.
# Tigrioides pyralina

Tigrioides pyralina is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found on Sumbawa.
# Tiandra Ponteen

Tiandra Tamika Ponteen (born 9 November 1984) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres and the 400 metres.
She won the 400 metres silver medal at the 2005 Central American and Caribbean Championships. She reached the semi-final at the 1999 World Youth Championships, the 2002 World Junior Championships (in 200 m), the 2004 Olympic Games, the 2005 World Championships and the 2009 World Championships. She also competed at the 2000 World Junior Championships, the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2010 World Indoor Championships without progressing from the first round.
Her personal best times are 23.41 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in April 2005 in Oxford; and 50.83 in the 400 metres, achieved in June 2005 in Sacramento. On the indoor track she has 23.24 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in February 2006 in Fayetteville. She also holds the Saint Kitts record in the 4 x 100 metres relay, with 44.41 seconds achieved in July 2004 in Bogotá together with Carol Clarke, Nathandra John and Virgil Hodge.
Competing for the Florida Gators track and field team, Ponteen won the 2005 400 meters at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships in a time of 50.91 seconds.