OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1641 in science

The year 1641 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Medicine

* Nicolaes Tulp's Observationes Medicae is published in Amsterdam.

## Technology

* The sealed thermometer is developed with Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, using a glass tube containing alcohol, which freezes well below the freezing point of water.
* Samuel Winslow is granted the first patent in North America by the Massachusetts General Court for a new saltmaking process.

## Births

* March – Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (died 1704)
* July 30 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist who discovered the ovarian follicles, which were later named Graafian follicles (died 1673)
* August 2 – Jacob Bobart the Younger, English botanist (died 1719)
* September 26 – Nehemiah Grew, English botanist and physician who makes some of the early microscopical observations of plants (died 1712)
* October 28 – Sir Philip Skippon, English traveller, naturalist and Member of Parliament (died 1691)

## Deaths

* January 3 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (born 1618)
* March 8 – Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer (born 1587)
* July 5 – Simon Baskerville, English physician (born 1574)
* August 31 – Guy de La Brosse, French physician and botanist (born c. 1586)
# Ser bonita no basta

Ser bonita no basta (English title:Beauty is not enough) is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Perla Farías and produced by RCTV in 2005.
Marjorie de Sousa and Ricardo Álamo star as the main protagonists while Fedra López and Hugo Vásquez star as the main antagonists.

## Plot

Coral Torres, Topacio Martínez and Esmeralda Falcón are three half-sisters who are completely unaware of each other's existence and of the fact that their father, Asdrúbal Torres, is still alive. The only thing that links them is a birthmark in the shape of a crescent. Asdrúbal, an irresponsible man, left his family years ago, and has now returned to the country to look for his family and ask for their forgiveness.
Coral, the only legitimate daughter of Asdrúbal, is a young woman of captivating beauty and an aspiring model. But her life has been constrained by her domineering mother Soledad who wants to fulfill her dream of dominating the fashion world through her daughter. Soledad will do anything to see her wishes come true, and she even conspires to break up Coral and the love of her life, Alejandro Mendoza, who remains unaware that Coral is expecting his child.
Topacio grew up in an orphanage and has been eternally marked by the death of her brother Tomás. She rises to fame by becoming a beauty pageant winner and dreams of starting a family with Orlando, an ambitious man who uses Topacio's fame and beauty for his own gain. But when he betrays her, Topacio will discover the high price one has to pay for beauty.
Esmeralda, the youngest of the sisters, is shy and awkward girl who is a victim of her evil step-sisters. Despite her step-sister's envy, she leaves her childhood home once she discovers her father is alive, and sets off to search for him and fulfill her dream of being a fashion designer. All three sisters are incredibly beautiful in their own way, but nevertheless miserable in their private life.

## Cast

* Marjorie de Sousa as Coral Torres Olavarría
* Ricardo Álamo as Alejandro Mendoza
* Fedra López as Soledad Olavarría
* Javier Vidal as Asdrúbal Torres
* Flávia Gleske as Topacio Martínez
* Ricardo Bianchi as Julián Mendoza 'El Duque'
* Marianela González as Esmeralda Falcón
* Sebastián Falco as Benjamín Eskenazi
* Alejandro Otero as Francisco Arias
* Marlene Maseda as Carmela Guerra
* Hugo Vásquez as Orlando Álvarez
* Adolfo Cubas as Justo Olavarría
* Juan Carlos Baena as Eduardo Márquez
* Ernesto Balzi as Ezequiel Villavicencio
* Beatriz Vásquez as Teresa de Mendoza
* Leopoldo Regnault as Reynaldo Mantilla
* Alejandro Mata as Don Ramiro Campos
* Nathalie Cortez as Etelvina Martínez
* Gioia Lombardini as Doña Consuelo Rojas
* Sandy Olivares as Darío Peña
* Maria Antonieta Castillo as Elena 'Lala' Tirado
* Ana Gabriela Barboza as Jazmín Falcón
* Lolymar Sanchez as Rosa 'Rosita' Falcón
* Carmen Alicia Lara as Eilín Campos
* Anabella Troconis-Neri as Isabelina Villavicencio
* María Gabriela de Faría as Andreína Márquez
* Verónica Cortez as Margot de Falcón
* César Román as Ramón Seijas 'Ramsés'
* Crisol Carabal as Michelle
* Dora Mazzone as Betty Marrero
* Ligia Petit as Gala
* Édgar Ramírez as Leonardo
# Upper critical solution temperature

The upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or upper consolute temperature is the critical temperature above which the components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions. The word upper indicates that the UCST is an upper bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain compositions only. For example, hexane-nitrobenzene mixtures have a UCST of 19 °C (66 °F), so that these two substances are miscible in all proportions above 19 °C (66 °F) but not at lower temperatures.$^{:185}$ Examples at higher temperatures are the aniline-water system at 168 °C (334 °F) (at pressures high enough for liquid water to exist at that temperature),$^{:230}$ and the lead-zinc system at 798 °C (1,468 °F) (a temperature where both metals are liquid).$^{:232}$
A solid state example is the palladium-hydrogen system which has a solid solution phase (H$_2$ in Pd) in equilibrium with a hydride phase (PdH$_n$) below the UCST at 300 °C. Above this temperature there is a single solid solution phase.$^{:186}$
In the phase diagram of the mixture components, the UCST is the shared maximum of the concave down spinodal and binodal (or coexistence) curves. The UCST is in general dependent on pressure.
The phase separation at the UCST is in general driven by unfavorable energetics; in particular, interactions between components favor a partially demixed state.

## Polymer-solvent mixtures

Some polymer solutions also have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or lower bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility. As shown in the diagram, for polymer solutions the LCST is higher than the UCST, so that there is a temperature interval of complete miscibility, with partial miscibility at both higher and lower temperatures.
The UCST and LCST of polymer mixtures generally depend on polymer degree of polymerization and polydispersity.
The seminal statistical mechanical model for the UCST of polymers is the Flory–Huggins solution theory.
By adding soluble impurities the upper critical solution temperature increases and lower critical solution temperature decreases.
# Taber Township, St. Clair County, Missouri

Taber Township is an inactive township in St. Clair County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Taber Township was erected in 1870, taking its name from the community of Taberville, Missouri.
# Alvania basisulcata

Alvania basisulcata is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 2.4 mm, its diameter 1.6 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in late Miocene strata in Northern Germany
# Vice-President of the Civil Division

The Vice-President of the Civil Division is a Court of Appeal Judge who assists the Master of the Rolls in leading the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The power to appoint a vice-president was created by the Senior Courts Act 1981, but was not exercised until Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers was appointed Master of the Rolls in 2000. Because Lord Phillips was in the process of completing the inquiry into the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak, he appointed Sir Martin Nourse the first vice-president so he could serve as Acting Master of the Rolls.
Lord Phillips opted to appoint a successor on Sir Martin Nourse's retirement the following year to deputise when he was abroad. Sir Simon Brown took up the office on the condition that he have no duties unless Lord Phillips was in fact out of the country. The next holder, Sir Henry Brooke expanded his duties to include liaising with the Court of Appeal office, the Citizens Advice Bureau, the Bar Pro Bono Unit and the Personal Support Unit; editing the Annual Review; taking a lead on the court's information technology efforts; leading the team dealing with asylum work; and overseeing the editing of the Asylum Bench Book and the Court of Appeal Bench Book. Since then, successive Lords and Lady Justices have filled the position.

## List of vice-presidents

* c. 6 June 2000: Sir Martin Nourse
* January 2001: Sir Simon Brown
* October 2003: Sir Henry Brooke
* 1 October 2006: Sir Mark Waller
* 6 May 2010: Sir Maurice Kay
* 1 October 2014: Sir Martin Moore-Bick
* 7 December 2016: Dame Elizabeth Gloster
* 16 July 2018: Sir Nicholas Underhill
# 15th Malaysian Parliament

15th Malaysian Parliament may refer to:
* Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament
* Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament
# Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders

Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders is a 2003 book on the leadership of New Zealand military commanders by historians Glyn Harper and Joel Hayward.

## Summary

The leadership qualities and techniques used by New Zealand military commanders from the Boer War to the 2000s are described and analyzed in this book.

## Reception

The New Zealand Army News review called the book "very readable” and said that it "is an important contribution to our military history studies and to the study of the special nature of New Zealand command. For the potential leader it provides practical insights, but it has a wider audience. Be you student, historian or interested Kiwi, you will find this book is well worth reading."
In its positive review, The Press said: "This is a ground-breaking collection of essays. ... All concerned, writers and editors, must be congratulated on the clarity and freshness of these essays. They are readable and well organised; there is no jargon and even the picture captions are interesting. Born to Lead? is inspirational".
In his review in the Whanganui Chronicle, Daniel Jackson said that "the book succeeds in giving a small window into the officers of the past. It tackles an ambitious subject by trying to explore whether New Zealand's armed forces have a leadership style. In doing so [it] provides a good reference to the leaders of our military past and how our military was shaped. It was good for a civilian like me to learn how our military leaders handled our civilian soldiers. The subject is still very relevant to all New Zealanders as war plans still call for the conscription and mobilisation of civilians if we are ever faced with a serious threat."
# Upper deck

Upper deck may refer to:
* Upper Deck Company, an American trading card business
* Upper deck, the highest level internal deck on a ship
* The second (or higher) tier (deck) of seating in a sports stadium
# Charles A. Cofield

Charles A. Cofield is an African-American architect and advocate for the disabled in his work in Massachusetts and Los Angeles.

## Education and career

Cofield completed his undergraduate degree at Howard University where he injured himself as a result of an accident, resulting in paralysis in his arms and legs. He was the first quadriplegic graduate from the MIT School of Architecture where he received his Bachelor of Science in Architecture in 1972, Master of Architecture in 1973 and Master in City Planning in 1974. During his studies, Cofield was employed by the Urban Massachusetts Transit Authority and the Department of Housing Urban Development. He also received the MIT Graham-Rotch Foundation Fellowship in 1971, the MIT Lawrence B. Anderson Fellowship in 1972, and traveled to Europe to study disabled housing communities.
After MIT, he obtained his PhD from UCLA's Urban Planning Program as the first quadriplegic attendee. During Cofield's time at MIT and UCLA, he was able to help introduce disabled access in the schools. Cofield was the first licensed quadriplegic architect in the State of California and the first quadriplegic director of the Los Angeles Housing Authority, which he oversaw for 24 years.
# TLU

TLU may mean:

## Computing

* Tape Library Unit, an individual computer storage tape library
* Threshold Logical Unit in neural networks

## Universities

* Tallinn University
* Texas Lutheran University
* "The Lords University", a jocular acronym referring to BYU, Brigham Young University

## Transportation

* Golfo de Morrosquillo Airport (IATA airport code: TLU; ICAO airport code: SKTL) in Tolú, Sucre, Colombia
* Aero Toluca Internactional (ICAO airline code: TLU), see List of airline codes (A)
* The London Underground, the subway of London, England, UK

## Other uses

* The Last of Us (series), a video game series and media franchise
** The Last of Us (2013 videogame) first game in the series
* Tulehu language (ISO 639 language code: tlu)
* St. Kitts and Nevis Trades and Labour Union
* Tropical Livestock Unit
# Alone at Last (song)

"Alone at Last" is a song written by Johnny Lehmann and performed by Jackie Wilson featuring Dick Jacobs and His Orchestra. It was featured on his 1963 album Sings the World's Greatest Melodies.

## Background

The song's melody was adapted from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's, Concerto No. 1 in B Flat Minor

## Chart performance

"Alone at Last" reached No. 8 on the U.S. pop chart, No. 11 in Australia, No. 20 on the U.S. R&B chart, and No. 50 on the UK Singles Chart in 1960.
# Vice-President of the Criminal Division

The Vice-President of the Criminal Division is a Lord Justice of Appeal who assists the Lord Chief Justice, the President of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The post was created by Lord Bingham of Cornhill during his tenure as Lord Chief Justice. He appointed Sir Christopher Rose to take up some of the burden of his duties with respect to the Criminal Division, while appointing Sir Paul Kennedy Vice-President of the Queen's Bench Division to do the same regarding that division of the High Court. This allowed Lord Bingham to spend time hearing cases in both divisions as well as the Queen's Bench Divisional Court and the Crown Court. The current holder is Sir Timothy Holroyde.

## Vice-presidents

* 1997: Sir Christopher Rose
* 24 April 2006: Sir David Latham
* February 2009: Sir Anthony Hughes
* 2013: Heather Hallett, Baroness Hallett
* October 2019 Sir Adrian Fulford
* October 2022 Sir Timothy Holroyde
# Zahra Tatar

Zahra Tatar (born 10 November 1992) is an Algerian hammer thrower. She will compete in the 2024 Summer Olympics.
# 1-Docosanol

1-Docosanol, also known as behenyl alcohol, is a saturated fatty alcohol containing 22 carbon atoms, used traditionally as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in cosmetics.
In July 2000, docosanol was approved for medical use in the United States as an antiviral agent for reducing the duration of cold sores. It is an over-the-counter medication (OTC). It is sold under the brand name Abreva among others.

## Side effects

One of the most common side effects that has been reported from docosanol is headache. Headaches caused by the medication tend to be mild and can occur in any region of the head. In clinical trials, headache occurred in 10.4% of people treated with docosanol cream and 10.7% of people treated with placebo.
The most serious side effects, although rare, are allergic reactions. Some of the patients experienced the symptoms of allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing, confusion, angioedema (facial swelling), fainting, dizziness, hives or chest pain.
Other side effects may include: acne, burning, dryness, itching, rash, redness, acute diarrhea, soreness, swelling.

## Mechanism of action

Docosanol is thought to work by interfering with and stabilizing the host cell's surface phospholipids, preventing the fusion of the herpes virus's viral envelope with the human host cell. This disrupted ability of the virus to fuse with the host cell membrane prevents entry and subsequent replication.

## History

The drug was approved as a cream for oral herpes after clinical trials by the FDA in July 2000. It was shown to shorten the healing by 17.5 hours on average (95% confidence interval: 2 to 22 hours) in a placebo-controlled trial. Another trial showed no effect when treating the infected backs of guinea pigs.
Two experiments with 1-docosanol cream failed to show statistically significant differences by any parameter between 1-docosanol cream and vehicle control–treated sites or between 1-docosanol and untreated infection sites.

## Society and culture
### Controversy

In March 2007, it was the subject of a US nationwide class-action suit against Avanir and GlaxoSmithKline as the claim that it cut recovery times in half was found to have been misleading in a California court, but the case was eventually settled and the "cuts healing time in half" claim had not been used in product advertising for some years, instead stating "clinically proven to speed healing".
# Channel 41 low-power TV stations in the United States

The following low-power television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 41 in the United States:
* K41HQ-D in Quanah, Texas, to move to channel 24
* WFYW-LP in Waterville, Maine, to move to channel 35
The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital or analog channel 41:
* K41AF in Ukiah, California
* K41BW-D in New Mobeetie, Texas
* K41CB in Lucerne Valley, California
* K41CK in Ellensburg, Washington
* K41DC in Eureka, Utah
* K41FK in Tohatchi, New Mexico
* K41FQ in Springfield, Missouri
* K41FX in Spring Glen, Utah
* K41GI-D in Imlay, Nevada
* K41GT in Myton, Utah
* K41GV in Emery, Utah
* K41HH-D in Austin, Nevada
* K41HZ in Burns, Oregon
* K41IX in Medford, Oregon
* K41JE in Williams-Ashfork, Arizona
* K41JF-D in Hagerman, Idaho
* K41KZ-D in Chalfant Valley, California
* K41MX-D in Perryton, Texas
* KEYU-LP in Amarillo, Texas
* KJCX-LP in Helena, Montana
* KLMW-LD in Lufkin, Texas
* KMMA-CD in San Luis Obispo, California
* KNVV-LP in Reno, Nevada
* KPVM-LP in Pahrump, Nevada
* KQLP-LD in Lincoln, Nebraska
* KTJX-LD in College Station, Texas
* KXOC-LP in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
* W41AO in Hampshire, etc., West Virginia
* W41AP in Sandusky, Ohio
* WFRW-LD in Enterprise, Alabama
* WLFW-LP in Lafayette, Georgia
* WRGX-LP in Dothan, Alabama
* WRZY-LD in Buxton, North Carolina
# Tabor, Illinois

Tabor is an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States. Tabor is 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west-northwest of Clinton.
# Volvarina indica

Volvarina indica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off India.
# Yvette McLellan

Yvette McLellan is a Paralympic athletics competitor from Australia. She won a pair of silver medals at the 1988 Seoul Games in the Women's 400 m 2 event and the Women's 4 × 400 m Relay 2-6 event.
# AQ

AQ, Aq, aQ, or aq may refer to:

## Arts, entertainment and media

* A. Q. Shipley (Allan Quay Shipley, born 1986), known as AQ, American former football center and coach
* A-Q (born 1986), Nigerian rapper
* AQ Interactive, a Japanese video game developer
* AdventureQuest, a 2002 Web-based game
* Australian Quarterly, a journal for political science
* Ah Q or A Q, a character in 1921 novella The True Story of Ah Q
* Al-Qatala, a fictional group in the Call of Duty: Modern Warfare video game series

## Businesses and organizations

* 9 Air, China (IATA:AQ)
* Acquity Group, US (NYSE:AQ)
* Alliance Quebec, Canada
* Aloha Airlines, a defunct US airline (IATA:AQ)
* Al-Qaeda, an Islamist militant group
* Al-Quds Force, a Iran special forces
* Automatic Qualifying conference, in North American college sports

## Chemistry

* 8-Aminoquinoline (AQ), a heterocyclic bidentate ligand
* Anthraquinone (AQ), an aromatic organic compound
* Aqueous solution (aq), dissolved in water

## Computing and telephony

* .aq, the Internet domain for Antarctica
* Adaptive quantization, a quantization process that provides efficient compression
* Oracle Advanced Queuing, a message provider used in the software products of the Oracle Corporation

## Places

* Ak, Buin Zahra, also spelled Aq, a village in Iran
* Antarctica (ISO 3166:AQ)
* Academic Quadrangle, at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
* American Samoa (DIA 65-18 / FIPS PUB 10-4:AQ)
* Antigua and Barbuda, LOC MARC code
* L'Aquila, a province of Italy

## Psychology

* Attribution questionnaire, a tool to assess mental illness stigma
* Adversity quotient, the ability to overcome adversities
* Autism-spectrum quotient, an adult test for autism spectrum disorder

## Unit of measure

* Aq, or inch of water, a unit of pressure
# 1684 in music

The year 1684 in music involved some significant events.

## Events

* Antonio Stradivari makes the Bucher, Cipriani Potter and Cobbett ex Holloway violins.
* An adaptation of Fletcher's Valentinian features music composed by Louis Grabu.

## Classical music

* Giovanni Battista Bassani – Affetti canori, cantate et ariette, Op.6
* Dietrich Buxtehude
** Dein edles Herz, der Liebe Thron, BuxWV 14
** Herr auf dich traue ich, BuxWV 35
** Herr nun läßt du deinen Diener, BuxWV 37
** Lobe den Herrn meine Seele, BuxWV 71
* Marc-Antoine Charpentier
** Litanies de la Vierge, H.83
** Pro omnibus festis B V M, H.333
** In nativitatem Domini canticum, H.414
** Sur la naissance de notre Seigneur Jésus Christ, H.482
** Pastorale sur la Naissance de Notre Seigneur Jesus Christ, H.483
* Michel Richard de Lalande – Te Deum S.32
* Domenico Gabrielli – Balletti, Op.1
* Giovanni Battista Granata – Armoniosi toni di varie suonate musicali per la chitarra spagnuola . . . Opera settima
* Johann Krieger – Ich will in Friede fahren
* Isabella Leonarda – Mottetti a voce sola, Op.11
* Jean-Baptiste Lully
** Plaude laetare galia, LWV 37
** Te Deum, LWV 55
** De Profundis, LWV 62
* John Playford – The Division Violin
* Henry Purcell – From those serene and rapturous joys, Z.326
* Pierre Robert – Motets pour la Chapelle du Roy
* Alessandro Scarlatti – Agar et Ismaele esiliati (oratorio)
* Giovanni Battista Vitali
** Sinfonia a 6
** Sonate da Chiesa à due Violini, Op.9
** Varie Sonate alla Francese, & all'Itagliana à sei Stromenti, Op.11

## Opera

* John Blow – Venus and Adonis
* Juan Hidalgo de Polanco – Apolo y Leucotea
* Jean-Baptiste Lully – Amadis de Gaule

## Births

* March 15 – Francesco Durante, composer (died 1755)
* June 22 – Francesco Manfredini, violinist and composer (died 1762)
* September 18 – Johann Gottfried Walther, composer and music theorist (died 1748)
* September 23 – Johann Theodor Römhild, composer (died 1756)
* October 30 – Maria Barbara Bach, first wife of J.S. Bach (died 1720)
* date unknown
** François d' Agincour, composer (died 1758)
** Georg Christian Lehms, librettist (died 1717)

## Deaths

* April 12 – Nicola Amati, violin-maker of Cremona (born 1596)
* May 8 – Henri Dumont, Netherlandish composer (born 1610)
* July 5 – Johann Hildebrand, composer (born 1614)
* September 10 – Johann Rosenmüller, German composer (born 1619)
* October 1 – Pierre Corneille, French librettist (born 1606)
# 1-Dotriacontanol

1-Dotriacontanol is a fatty alcohol with 32 carbon atoms. It has been found in Prosopis glandulosa and Euphorbia granulata.
# 1986–87 Bulgarian Hockey League season

The 1986–87 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the 35th season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Five teams participated in the league, and HK Slavia Sofia won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | HK Slavia Sofia | 20 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 113:26 | 33 |
| 2. | HK CSKA Sofia | 20 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 107:46 | 29 |
| 3. | Levski-Spartak Sofia | 20 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 95:49 | 28 |
| 4. | Akademik Sofia | 20 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 60:117 | 10 |
| 5. | Metallurg Pernik | 20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 31:158 | 0 |

## Final

* HK Slavia Sofia - HK CSKA Sofia 4:5/7:3
# Tân Lộc, Cà Mau

Tân Lộc is a commune (xã) and village in Thới Bình district, Cà Mau province, in Vietnam.
* This article about a location in Cà Mau province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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