OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bacillus atrophaeus

Bacillus atrophaeus is a species of black-pigmented bacteria. Its type strain is NRRL NRS-213. B. atrophaeus strains have been used extensively in biomedicine as indicator strains for heat- and chemical-based decontamination regimens. Most of the strains in use are derivatives of a lineage of B. atrophaeus that originated at Camp Detrick in the 1950s, where many modern biocontainment procedures were developed.
B. atrophaeus has historically been known by several other names, including B. globigii (the origin of its military moniker "BG") and B. subtilis var. niger. Modern phylogenetic analyses using multiple genetic methods have placed B. atrophaeus close to B. subtilis.
Its original and still most prominent use is as a surrogate organism for pathogenic B. anthracis, beginning in the U.S. bio-weapons program, as its pigmentation readily facilitated discrimination from non-pigmented background organisms in environmental samples. Subsequent genomic and phenotypic analysis of strains derived from the Camp Detrick isolates revealed that they had been deliberately selected to exhibit elevated rates of sporulation.
# Tetramethylammonium chloride

Tetramethylammonium chloride is one of the simplest quaternary ammonium salts, with four methyl groups tetrahedrally attached to the central N. The chemical formula (CH$_3$)$_4$N$^+$Cl$^−$ is often abbreviated further as Me$_4$N$^+$Cl$^−$. It is a hygroscopic colourless solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Tetramethylammonium chloride is a major industrial chemical, being used widely as a chemical reagent and also as a low-residue bactericide in such processes as hydrofracking. In the laboratory, it has fewer synthetic chemical applications than quaternary ammonium salts containing longer N-alkyl substituents, which are used extensively as phase-transfer catalysts.

## Preparation and laboratory uses

Tetramethylammonium chloride is efficiently produced by the reaction of trimethylamine and methyl chloride.
    N(CH$_3$)$_3$ + CH$_3$Cl → N(CH$_3$)$_4$$^+$Cl$^−$
It is produced by the alkylation of ammonium chloride with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst.
Except under extraordinary conditions, it is typically employed as a source of the inert counter cation Me$_4$N$^+$. Similarly, it serves as a lipophilic precipitating agent.
In low concentrations, it is used in polymerase chain reactions to increase yields and specificity. It has been shown to enhance yields 5–10 fold at 60mM by stabilizing the AT base pairs.

## Toxicity

LD$_{50}$ = 25 mg/kg (mouse, i.p.); 40 mg/kg (mouse, s.c.); 50 mg/kg (rat, p.o.). Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Diverse data on human exposure, environmental toxicology and environmentally-related chemistry is available through the NIH Toxnet database.
# The World Unreal

The World Unreal is the third studio album by Russian progressive rock band The Gourishankar, released at Russia on January 14, 2016 through ArtBeat Music.

## Track listing

All titles, writing credits, and song lengths taken from The World Unreal. All lyrics by Jason Offen Vocal melodies by Jason Offen and Nomy Agranson.

## Line-up

* Jason Offen – lead vocals, backing vocals
* Nomy Agranson – electric and acoustic guitars, fretted and fret less basses, keyboards, synths and programming, mandolin
* Svetoslav Bogdanov – drums and percussion

### Session musicians

* Evgeniy Ryabashev – violins on "Truth Stays Silent", "World Unreal"
* Leonid Nesterov – trumpets on "First Rush", "Truth Stays Silent" and "Pleasure and Suffering"
* Alena Sergeeva – classical vocals on "Truth Stays Silent" and "Pleasure and Suffering".
* Darina Popova – atmospheric female voice on "Intro - Fate"
* Maria Domashenko – space backing vocals on "Order and Chaos"
* Anna Popova – ethnic komi vocals on "Order and Chaos"
* Sergey Fedorov – backing vocals on "Order and Chaos"
* Ivan Tropnikov – backing vocals on "Time Follows"
* Arseniy Kadanev – children's voices on "Pleasure and Suffering"
Huge thanks go to our friend and colleague Doran Usher, who for years has devoted himself to work in The Gourishankar and without whom, the group would be unable to exist and develop. We wish success and a long and happy life for him and his family!
Some of the songs used ideas by Doran Usher.

## Production

* All music composed by Nomy Agranson
* All lyrics by Jason Offen
* Vocal melodies by Jason Offen and Nomy Agranson
* Drum lines by Svetoslav Bogdanov and Nomy Agranson
* Produced by Nomy Agranson and Jason Offen
* Executive producer – Nikolay ‘Big Nick’ Bogaychuk
* Mastering by Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Studio Mosfilm, Moscow, Russia, 2015
Recorded, engineered & mixed by Nomy Agranson at home and at Manaraga Recording Studios, Syktyvkar, Russia, between 2009 and 2015, except backing vocals for "Pleasure and Suffering. Part 2" and "Time Follows", recorded by Martin Brookes at Sol y Sonido Studios, Farajan, Spain, 2014.
# William Alley

William Alley (also Alleyn and Alleigh; 1510 – 15 April 1570) was an Anglican prelate who was the Bishop of Exeter during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Sir William Alley married Sybil (Bodleigh) Alley in 1534; the two had eight children.
William Alley is known to the literary world by his Poor Man's Librarie, printed in folio by John Day, London, 1565, or Lectures upon the First Epistle of Saint Peter, red publiquely in the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paule, within the Citye of London, in 1560. Here are adioyned at the ende of euery special treatise, certain fruitful annotacions called miscellanea, because they do entreate of diverse and sundry matters.

## Life

William Alley was a native of Wycombe, Bucks. He was educated at Eton College and finished his studies at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. While a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, London, he was fixed on by Queen Elizabeth to succeed the deprived James Turberville. On 27 April 1560, she issued her congé d'élire to the Dean and Chapter. It was delivered to the president, Chancellor Levison, on 5 May. In the absence of the newly elected dean, Gregory Dodds, the election took place on 20 May and his consecration to the episcopate was held on 14 July that year.
The revenues of the see and of his chapter had of late been lamentably reduced. But the rectory of Honiton was given to the bishop towards the better maintenance of his rank; and in its parochial church, and even in the rectory-house, he held several ordinations "in Rectoria - in domo Domini Episcopi apud Honyton", as we learn from his registers. Owing to the impoverished state of the finances of his dean and chapter, with the unanimous consent of its members, and under the royal authority, he diminished the number of the canons of the cathedral from twenty-four to nine. His statute for this purpose is dated 22 February 1561. Attempts were made at subsequent periods to set aside this ordinance, which conferred the power and emoluments on the favoured nine, to the exclusion of the other fifteen. It proved useless, however, to combat a practice which had been legalised by time and authority.
After governing the diocese for about nine and a half years, he died, according to his epitaph, on 15 April 1570, aged 60, and was buried in the choir of his cathedral.
# Architects Assist

Architects Assist (AA) is a national organisation of Australian architects, other built environment professionals and students providing pro bono disaster recovery and resilience advice to individuals and communities affected by natural disasters, such as bushfires or floods, or other adverse circumstances. The organisation now operates under the Australian Institute of Architects.

## History

Architects Assist was launched on 4 January 2020 by architect Jiri Lev in response to the 2019-20 Australian bushfires disaster, as a "platform for equitable access to sustainable and resilient architecture". By 7 January hundreds of architecture firms, sole practitioners and student volunteers had registered as members and the organisation started receiving first assistance requests from bushfire victims. The organisation operated grassroots, without funding.
On 9 January 2020 Architects Assist formally came under the umbrella of the Australian Institute of Architects. In February 2020 it had about 550 member architecture firms and 1500 architecture student volunteers.
In March 2020 Architects Assist begun including members from related professions such as town planners (PIA) and landscape architects (AILA) and had about 600 participating firms.
After broad initial response both national and global, the bushfire recovery was slowed down by the 2020 coronavirus outbreak in Australia. Architects Assist representatives toured bushfire-affected regions across Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. Simultaneously, local bushfire recovery community workshops were organised by member architects. As of late 2020 hundreds of residential, commercial and civic projects initiated through the organisation were under progress.
The initiative was fully taken over by the Australian Institute of Architects in March 2021 to continue serving individuals and communities affected by disasters and other adverse circumstances.
In 2022 Architects Assist provided assistance in Eastern Australia floods recovery.
The initiative was re-launched in April 2023, to provide support to communities affected by natural disasters and other adversities, helping them to rebuild and recover. People who are left homeless from natural disasters are referred to Australian Institute of Architects' members, who assist in redesigning and rebuilding homes at reduced costs or pro bono.

## Examples of work

* The Cobargo RSL Memorial Hall, Cobargo NSW
* Cobargo Santa Project, Cobargo NSW
* Rosedale House, Rosedale NSW
* Brisbane flood-resilient ferry terminal, Brisbane QLD
* Cobargo Community Hall, Cobargo NSW
* Rebuild Cobargo Main Street project, Cobargo NSW
# Veraguas (disambiguation)

Veraguas is a province of Panama.
Veraguas may also refer to:
* Veragua or Veraguas, the name of five Spanish colonial territorial entities in Central America, beginning in the 16th century
* Veraguas culture, or Chiriqui culture, a pre-Columbian Panamian culture
* Veraguas Club Deportivo, a Panama football team
* F.C. Veraguas 2010, a Panama football team
# Vilhelm Rosenqvist

Vilhelm Teodor Rosenqvist (14 October 1856, in Lapinjärvi – 26 October 1925) was a Finnish secondary school teacher and politician. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1899 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1909, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP). He was the younger brother of Gustaf Rosenqvist.
# Borchgrevink Coast

The Borchgrevink Coast is that portion of the coast of Victoria Land between Cape Adare and Cape Washington. The name was recommended by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 after Carsten Borchgrevink, a member of Henrik Johan Bull's expedition to this area, 1894–95, and leader of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898–1900, the first to winter on the continent, at Cape Adare.

## Landmarks

* Agate Peak is a peak situated in the southeast area of the Intention Nunataks, at the southwest margin of Evans Neve within the Borchgrevink Coast. So named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee because agate and other semi-precious stones were found here by the Southern Party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1966–67.
# 1707 in Canada

Events from the year 1707 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* French Monarch: Louis XIV
* English, Scottish and Irish Monarch (until May 1, 1707), British and Irish Monarch (beginning May 1, 1707): Anne

### Governors

* Governor General of New France: Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
* Governor of Acadia: Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
* Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
* Governor of Plaisance: Philippe Pastour de Costebelle

## Events

* Port Royal is attacked twice by the English from Massachusetts.

## Deaths

* Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin (born 1652)
# The Fourth Book of Jorkens

The Fourth Book of Jorkens is a collection of fantasy short stories, narrated by Mr. Joseph Jorkens, by writer Lord Dunsany. It was first published by Jarrolds in 1947. It was the fourth collection of Dunsany's Jorkens tales to be published. It has also been issued in combination with the third book, Jorkens Has a Large Whiskey, and two uncollected short stories, in the omnibus edition The Collected Jorkens, Volume Two, published by Night Shade Books in 2004.

## Contents

The Fourth Book of Jorkens contains the following tales:
* "Making Fine Weather"
* "Mgamu"
* "The Haunting of Jalahanstown"
* "The Pale-Green Image"
* "Jorkens Leaves Prison"
* "The Warning"
* "The Sacred City of Krakovlitz"
* "Jorkens Practices Medicine and Magic"
* "Jarton's Disease"
* "On the Other Side of the Sun"
* "The Rebuff"
* "Jorkens' Ride"
* "The Secret of the Sphinx"
* "The Khamseen"
* "The Expulsion"
* "The Welcome"
* "By Command of Pharaoh"
* "A Cricket Problem"
* "A Life's Work"
* "The Ingratiating Smile"
* "The Last Bull"
* "The Strange Drug of Dr. Caber"
* "A Deal with the Devil"
* "Strategy at the Billiards Club"
* "Jorkens in Witch Wood"
* "Lost"
* "The English Magnifico"
* "The Cleverness of Dr. Caber"
* "Fairy Gold"
* "A Royal Dinner"
* "A Fight With Knives"
* "Out West"
* "In a Dim Room"

## Reception

Fletcher Pratt, writing in The New York Times, described the collection as "Dunsany in twilight", saying that even in the least successful stories, "the execution is so smooth that one does not realize until after the punch line that there was not much of a story after all." Sam Moskowitz characterized the stories as "written by an older Dunsany who has ceased to dream, but whose imagination is keener and pen more adroit than ever before." Amazing Stories reviewer Morris Tish noted that while the stories were "written with the distinctive style that has made Dunsany famous in English literature", the cumulative effect was likely to be "a bit wearisome" for many readers.

## Reprints

* Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1948 (3,118 copies).
# Tmesisternini

Tmesisternini is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae containing the following genera:
* Arrhenotoides Breuning, 1945
* Blapsilon Pascoe, 1860
* Buprestomorpha Thomson, 1860
* Epiblapsilon Gressitt, 1984
* Falsapolia Breuning, 1945
* Pascoea White, 1855
* Sepicana Kriesche, 1923
* Sphingnotus Perroud, 1855
* Sulawesiella Weigel & Withaar, 2006
* Temnosternopsis Breuning, 1939
* Temnosternus White, 1855
* Tmesisternopsis Breuning, 1945
* Tmesisternus Latreille, 1829
* Trigonoptera Perroud, 1855
# William Allestry (1588–1655)

William Allestry or Allestrie (1588 – 4 September 1655) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England from 1640 to 1643. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War.
Allestry was the son of George Allestry of the Allestry family of Alvaston. He became the recorder of Derby.
In April 1640, Allestry was elected Member of Parliament for Derby for the Short Parliament. He was re-elected in November 1640 for the Long Parliament until he was disabled from sitting in October 1643.
Allestry died at the age of 67 and was buried in the church of All Saint's, Derby.
Allestry married firstly on 9 April 1629 Sarah Smith, daughter of Thomas Smith. She died in 1638. He married again to Mary Agard, daughter of William Agard. He had three sons and four daughters by each of his wives.
# Site Number 4 Mnt 85

Site Number 4 Mnt 85, is the remains of a prehistoric village site in Greenfield, California U.S. The site has had four archaeological excavations that have occurred in a rock shelter, situated on property owned by the United States Forest Service within the mid-Arroyo Seco region. The site was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1976.

## History

In 1979, Sally Ann Dean reported on the physical and chemical analysis of sediments found at prehistoric site number 4 Mnt-85 in Greenfield, California.
CA-MNT-85 has had four archaeological excavations that have occurred in a rock shelter, located on property owned by the United States Forest Service within the mid-Arroyo Seco Valley area. The initial excavation took place around 1929 led by W. W. Hill and a team of researchers from University of California, Berkeley. In 1957, Gary Vescelius, a U.C. Berkeley student, carried out the second excavation, uncovering both perishable and nonperishable items. The artifacts from these two excavations are currently housed at the Phoebe Hearst Museum at the University of California. Between 1974 and 1976, Benjamin Ananian led the third excavation. Although the materials from this dig were initially stored at California State University, Hayward, they appear to have been misplaced. Despite the absence of an archaeological report, a comprehensive soils analysis for the site is accessible. After the 1974 excavations, this site received a nomination for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and has since been listed. The midden and rock paintings played roles as contributing elements to the nomination. In May of 1999, an excavation at this site was undertaken by the U.S. Forest Service, and the findings of their research have been outlined in a preliminary report (Flenniken and Trautman 2001). Recent acquisition of fiber, cordage materials, wood, flaked stone, shell beads, and feather artifacts from CA-MNT-85 has occurred, originating from a collection amassed by a pot-hunter.
Fragments of basketry have been discovered at the archaeological site CA-MNT-85, situated in the Arroyo Seco drainage. Some of these fragments were unearthed during the Hill excavation in the late 1920s and were detailed by anthropologist Arnold Pilling. During the spring of 2003, Joan Brandoff-Kerr, the Forest Archaeologist for the Los Padres National Forest, said that supplementary fiber, cordage materials, and various artifacts from CA-MNT-85 had been donated to the Forest Service.
The periods of significance are from 1000-999 BC, 1000-2999 BC, 3000-4999 BC, 5000-6999 BC, 7000-8999 BC, 9000-10999 BC, 1000-500 AD, 1499-1000 AD, and 1749-1500 AD.
# Arenivaga genitalis

Arenivaga genitalis, the Arizona sand cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Corydiidae. It is found in North America.
# Uttam Galva Steels

Uttam Galva Steels Ltd is one of the largest manufacturers cold rolled steel (CR) and galvanized steel (GP) in Western India. The company procures hot rolled steel and processes it into CR and further into GP and colour-coated coils.
Uttam Galva group also runs two more plants in India: Uttam Galva Metallics Limited and Uttam Value Steels Limited (previously known as Lloyds Steel Industries Limited) both at Wardha, Maharashtra.
Uttam group are going to double its Wardha plant's capacity. Also it is going to set up a new integrated steel plant in Satarda, Maharashtra.
# WTNR

WTNR may refer to:
* WTNR (FM), a radio station (107.3 FM) licensed to serve Greenville, Michigan, United States
* WKLQ (FM), a radio station (94.5 FM) licensed to serve Holland, Michigan, which held the call sign WTNR from 2004 to 2019
* WWON (AM), a radio station (930 AM) licensed to serve Waynesboro, Tennessee, United States, which held the call sign WTNR from 1987 to 2000
* WVVB (AM), a radio station (1410 AM) licensed to serve Kingston, Tennessee, which held the call sign WTNR beginning in 1978
# Boulsbury Wood

Boulsbury Wood is a 119.8-hectare (296-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Dorset and Hampshire. The site is west of Fordingbridge.
This site consists of parts of Boulsbury Wood, High Wood, Stone Hill Wood, Martin Wood and Blagdon Hill Wood. It has diverse habitats and flora, and Boulsbury Wood is the most species-rich wood in the county. Some parts are ancient woodland, with records dating from the thirteenth century.
# Badanga

Badanga is a village in Udaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. As per Population Census 2011, literacy rate of Badanga village was 35.28% which is very low compared to 66.11% of Rajasthan. The District headquarter of the village is Udaipur.
# Tetranitratoborate

Tetranitratoborate is an anion composed of boron with four nitrate groups. It has formula [B(NO$_3$)$_4$]$^−$. It can form salts with large cations such as tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, or tetraethylammonium tetranitratoborate. The ion was first discovered by C. R. Guibert and M. D. Marshall in 1966 after failed attempts to make neutral (non-ionic) boron nitrate, B(NO$_3$)$_3$, which has resisted attempts to make it; if it exists, it is unstable above −78 °C.
Other related ions are the slightly more stable tetraperchloratoborates, with perchlorate groups instead of nitrate, and tetranitratoaluminate with the next atom down the periodic table, aluminium instead of boron ([Al(NO$_3$)$_4$]$^−$).

## Formation

Tetramethylammonium chloride reacts with BCl$_3$ to make [N(CH$_3$)$_4$]$^+$[BCl$_4$]$^−$. Then the tetrachloroborate is reacted with N$_2$O$_4$ at around −20 °C to form tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, and other gases such as NO$_2$Cl and Cl$_2$.
Another mechanism to make tetranitratoborate salts is to shake a metal nitrate with BCl$_3$ in chloroform at 20 °C for several days. Trichloronitratoborate [BCl$_3$(NO$_3$)]$^−$ is an unstable intermediate.
    M$^+$NO−3 + BCl$_3$ → M$^+$[BCl$_3$(NO$_3$)]$^−$
    4 M$^+$[BCl$_3$(NO$_3$)]$^−$ → 3 M$^+$[BCl$_4$]$^−$ + M$^+$[B(NO$_3$)$_4$]$^−$

## Properties

The infrared spectrum of tetramethylammonium nitratoborate includes a prominent line at 1,612 cm$^{−1}$ with shoulders at 1582 and 1,626 cm$^{−1}$ attributed to v$_4$. Also prominent is 1,297 and 1,311 cm$^{−1}$ attributed to v$_1$, with these vibrations due to the nitrate bonded via one oxygen.
The density of tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is 1.555 g·cm$^{−3}$. It is colourless and crystalline. As tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is heated it has some sort of transition between 51 and 62 °C. It decomposes above 75 °C producing gas. Above 112 °C it is exothermic, and a solid is left if it is heated to 160 °C.
Tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is insoluble in cold water but slightly soluble in hot water. It does not react with water. It also dissolves in liquid ammonia, acetonitrile, methanol, and dimethylformamide. It reacts with liquid sulfur dioxide.
At room temperature tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is stable for months. It does not explode with impact.
Alkali metal tetranitratoborates are unstable at room temperature and decompose.
1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolimium tetranitratoborate was discovered in 2002. It is an ionic liquid that turns solid at −25 °C.
# Will Pappenheimer

Will Pappenheimer is an American multi-media artist and a founding member of the artist collective Manifest.AR. The son of Harvard University physiology professor John Pappenheimer (1915–2007) he received his under graduate degree from Harvard and then did his graduate studies at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he received his MFA. His work was featured in the 2011 edition of "Lights on Tampa" the jury for which included Dave Hickey and Jerry Saltz. Pappenheimer is an associate professor at Pace University in New York City. in 2008 he was given a traveling road scholar grant awarded to alumni of the museum school which he used to create a piece on the mating pattern of the golden bowerbird a species native to the rainforests in the Tablelands of Queensland, Australia. The work from this endeavor was then shown in a subsequent exhibition at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
On November 19, 2014 the Whitney Museum of American Art said goodbye to their Marcel Breuer Madison Avenue home with a final commissioned work in the form of a Pappenheimer Whitney themed digital drug trip piece entitled "Proxy, 5-WM2A" and announced the opening of their new space by Renzo Piano in Manhattan's Meatpacking District adjoining the High Line on May 1, 2015.
# Shireen Benjamin

Shireen Benjamin (born 8 September 1988 in London, England) was crowned Miss West Africa 2009/10, representing Sierra Leone, at the pageant in London where she became the second holder of the title.