OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bing Dawe

Bing (Brian) Dawe (born 1952) is a New Zealand artist and sculptor. His art typically embraces significant environmental issues.

## Biography

Dawe was born in Glenavy, South Canterbury, New Zealand in 1952. He graduated from the University of Canterbury, School of Fine Arts in 1976 where he studied under Tom Taylor. As well as being an acclaimed artist with works on display in galleries throughout New Zealand, Dawe was also an educator beginning in 1989 at Christchurch Polytechnic (now Ara Institute of Canterbury) as the Programme Co-ordinator of Craft Design. After 28 years of teaching at Ara Institute of Canterbury, Dawe retired in August 2017. Around the same time he completed a 3D cast bronze work for Ara's North Green gateway called Diverting. Defending. Birds over the Waimakiriri.

## Awards

* 2013 Friends Acquisition Award, Sculpture in the Gardens, Auckland Botancial Gardens, Auckland, New Zealand.
* 2010 People's Choice Award, Sculpture in the Gardens, Auckland Botanical Gardens, Auckland New Zealand.
* 1999 Paramount Award, Wallace Art Awards, New Zealand
* 1995 Arts Excellence Award, Trust Bank Canterbury, NZ Residencies

## New Zealand Public Commissions

* 2018 Piwakawaka fantail over the Liffey (Landscape with too many holes series) commissioned by Lincoln Community Committee and located outside Lincoln Library, Christchurch.
* 2015 Waiting for St Francis - A gateway, bronze and steel (Landscape with too many holes series) commissioned by Tai Tapu Sculpture Garden founders
* 2005 From the draining (Eels on hoop) commissioned by Christchurch City Council for Parklands Library
* 2001 Out of the black water, kauri and steel, located in the old Christchurch Boys’ High School Building, The Christchurch Arts Centre Te Matatiki Toi Ora commissioned by Scape Public Art
# Billolivia

Billolivia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.
Its native range is Vietnam.
Species:
* Billolivia cadamensis Q.D.Nguyen, N.L.Vu & Luu
* Billolivia citrina Luu, H.Ð.Tr?n & N.L.Vu
* Billolivia kyi Luu & G.Tran
* Billolivia longipetiolata D.J.Middleton & Luu
* Billolivia middletonii N.S.Lý
* Billolivia minutiflora D.J.Middleton & H.J.Atkins
* Billolivia moelleri D.J.Middleton
* Billolivia noanii Luu, N.L.Vu & H.N.Pham
* Billolivia poilanei D.J.Middleton & H.J.Atkins
* Billolivia tichii Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & N.L.Vu
* Billolivia truciae Luu & Q.D.Nguyen
* Billolivia vietnamensis D.J.Middleton & Luu
* Billolivia violacea D.J.Middleton & H.J.Atkins
* Billolivia yenhoae Luu
# Bike Arc

Bike Arc LLC, located in downtown Palo Alto, California, is a Silicon Valley startup that designs secure bicycle parking racks and systems. It was founded by Joseph Bellomo and Jeff Selzer in 2008. Jeff Selzer sits on the board of directors of the Silicon Valley Bicycle Coalition and is the General Manager of Palo Alto Bicycles. Joseph Bellomo, a California-licensed architect, is the founder and owner of Joseph Bellomo Architects, Inc. in Palo Alto, which he founded in 1986. In addition to collaborating on Bike Arc, Mr. Bellomo and Mr. Selzer also worked together on the Palo Alto Bikestation at the Caltrain depot.
In 2009, the American Institute of Architects, California Council, gave Bike Arc the Honor Award for Small Projects.

## Philosophy

Mr. Bellomo and Mr. Selzer—both being bicycle enthusiasts—set out to design bicycle-parking systems that don't touch and potentially damage bicycles, a solution that prevents bicycles from contacting each other, which can cause wear-and-tear.

## Products

Bike Arc is patented in both the United States and in Europe (Office for Harmonization In the Internal Market), and the company offers multiple iterations of the same fundamental concept: a modular structure of steel arcs. The Bike Arc family includes the Rack Arc, the Half Arc, the Umbrella Arc, the Tube Arc, the Car Arc, the Bus Arc, the House Arc, and the Ad Arc.
All Bike Arc products are manufactured in the United States.

## Installations

The City of Palo Alto has purchased and installed multiple Bike Arc products, including numerous Rack Arcs, Half Arcs and Umbrella Arcs, and Bike Arcs are also in public spaces in Boston, Las Vegas, Redwood City, California, and Norfolk, Virginia. They have also been installed at the University of Buffalo and the University of Nebraska, as well as—among others—at Juniper Networks, Inc., Varian Medical Systems, Inc., and the Seattle Repertory Theater.
# Biodilution

Biodilution, sometimes referred to as bloom dilution, is the decrease in concentration of an element or pollutant with an increase in trophic level. This effect is primarily observed during algal blooms whereby an increase in algal biomass reduces the concentration of pollutants in organisms higher up in the food chain, like zooplankton or daphnia.
The primary elements and pollutants of concern are heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead. These toxins have been shown to bioaccumulate up a food web. In some cases, metals, such as mercury, can biomagnify. This is a major concern since methylmercury, the most toxic mercury species, can be found in high concentrations in human-consumed fish and other aquatic organisms.
Numerous studies have linked lower mercury concentrations in zooplankton found in eutrophic (nutrient-rich and highly productive) as compared to oligotrophic (low nutrient) aquatic environments. Nutrient enrichment (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen) reduce the input of mercury, and other heavy metals, into aquatic food webs through this biodilution effect. Primary producers, such as phytoplankton, uptake these heavy metals and accumulate them into their cells. The higher the population of phytoplankton, the less concentrated these pollutants will be in their cells. Once consumed by primary consumers, such as zooplankton, these phytoplankton-bound pollutants are incorporated into the consumer’s cells. Higher phytoplankton biomass means a lower concentration of pollutants accumulated by the zooplankton, and so on up the food web. This effect causes an overall dilution of the original concentration up the food web. That is, the concentration of a pollutant will be lower in the zooplankton than the phytoplankton in a high bloom condition.
Although most biodilution studies have been on freshwater environments, biodilution has been shown to occur in the marine environment as well. The Northwater Polynya, located in Baffin Bay, was found to have a negative correlation of cadmium, lead, and nickel with an increase in trophic level Cadmium and lead are both non-essential metals that will compete for calcium within an organism, which is detrimental for organism growth.
Most studies measure bioaccumulation and biodilution using the δ15N isotope of nitrogen. The δ15N isotopic signature is enriched up the food web. A predator will have a higher δ15N as compared to its prey. This trend allows the trophic position of an organism to be derived. Coupled to the concentration of a specific pollutant, such as mercury, the concentration verses trophic position can be accessed.
While most heavy metals bioaccumulate, under certain conditions, heavy metals and organic pollutants have the potential to biodilute, making a higher organism less exposed to the toxin.
# Bill Hardie

Archibald George "Bill" Hardie (19 December 1908 – 28 February 1997) was Archdeacon of West Cumberland from 1971 until 1979.
The son of the Most Rev. William George Hardie (Archbishop of the West Indies from 1945 to 1949), he was educated at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate; Trinity College, Cambridge and Westcott House, Cambridge; and ordained in 1935. After a curacy at All Hallows, Lombard Street he was Chaplain at Repton School from 1936 to 1938; Vicar of St Alban, Golders Green from 1938 to 1944; Rector of Hexham Abbey from 1944 to 63; and Vicar and Rural Dean of Halifax from 1963 until 1971.
# Bill Knott

Bill or William Knott may refer to:
* Bill Knott (politician) (1921–2013), Australian politician
* Bill Knott (poet) (1940–2014), American poet
* Bill Knott (footballer), New Zealand association football (soccer) player
* William V. Knott (1863–1965), Florida state politician
* Billy Knott (born 1992), English footballer
# Bill Knight (boxer)

William Knight (born 26 July 1951) is a retired British boxer.

## Boxing career

He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In his first fight, he defeated Julius Luipa of Zambia, before losing to Alejandro Montoya of Cuba in the next round.
He represented England and won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division, at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Knight won the Amateur Boxing Association 1972, 1973 and 1974 light heavyweight title, when boxing out of the Lynn ABC.
# Bis-tris methane

Bis-tris methane, also known as BIS-TRIS or BTM, is a buffering agent used in biochemistry. Bis-tris methane is an organic tertiary amine with labile protons having a pKa of 6.46 at 25 °C. It is an effective buffer between the pH 5.8 and 7.2. Bis-tris methane binds strongly to Cu and Pb ions as well as, weakly, to Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd.
# Bishop Airport

Bishop Airport may refer to:

## Canada

* Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada (IATA: YTZ/ICAO: CYTZ)
* Owen Sound Billy Bishop Regional Airport, serving Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada (IATA: YOS/ICAO: CYOS)

## Grenada

* Maurice Bishop International Airport, serving St. George's, Grenada (IATA: GND/ICAO: TGPY)

## United States

* Bishop Airport (Decatur, Texas), serving Decatur, Texas, United States (FAA LID: 76T)
* Bishop International Airport, serving Flint, Michigan, United States (IATA: FNT/ICAO: KFNT)
* Bishop Municipal Airport, serving Bishop, Texas, United States (FAA LID: 07R)
* Eastern Sierra Regional Airport, serving Bishop, California, United States (IATA: BIH/ICAO: KBIH)
# Bishop of Hallam

The Bishop of Hallam is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam in the Province of Liverpool, England.
On 20 May 2014, the Right Reverend Ralph Heskett, C.Ss.R., was appointed the 3rd Bishop of Hallam by Pope Francis. Bishop Heskett had served as Bishop of Gibraltar from 2010 to 2014.
The Diocese of Hallam takes its name after Hallamshire, an historical area of South Yorkshire, and was erected on 30 May 1980 from parts of the dioceses of Leeds and Nottingham. The diocese has an area of 1,030 km$^2$ (400 sq mi) and covers the County of South Yorkshire, parts of the High Peak and Chesterfield districts of Derbyshire, and the Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire. The see is in the City of Sheffield where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Marie. The bishop's official address is The Diocesan Centre, St. Charles' Street, Sheffield.

## List of the Bishops of Hallam

Bishops of Hallam :
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes |
| 1980 | 1996 | Gerald Moverley | Formerly an auxiliary bishop of Leeds (1967–1980). Appointed Bishop of Hallam on 30 May 1980. Resigned on 9 July 1996 and died on 14 December 1996. |
| 1997 | 2014 | John Rawsthorne | Formerly an auxiliary bishop of Liverpool (1981–1997). Appointed Bishop of Hallam on 4 June 1997. Retired on 20 May 2014 |
| 2014 | present | Ralph Heskett, C.Ss.R. | Formerly Bishop of Gibraltar (2010–2014). Appointed Bishop of Hallam on 20 May 2014. |
| Sources: ||||
# Birtie Maher

Gilbert Thomas "Birtie" Maher (December 16, 1892 – December 3, 1980) was an American football player.
Maher was born in 1892 to Irish immigrant parents in the Corktown neighborhood of Detroit. He played college football for the University of Detroit as its star halfback in 1913, and for the Detroit Heralds starting in 1911. When the Heralds joined the new National Football League (NFL) in 1920, Maher was a member of Detroit's first NFL team.
# Black Rock Rail Yard

The Black Rock Rail Yard is on the west side of Buffalo, New York, a half mile inland from the Niagara River, in the Black Rock neighborhood. The rail yard receives Canadian National Railway freight trains arriving from Canada by way of the International Railway Bridge.
The yard is surrounded by old residential neighborhoods and some abandoned industrial facilities. To the north of the yard, beneath the tracks, runs Hertel Avenue. An abandoned portion of the north yard is now an automobile junk yard; Austin Street runs under the center of the yard. Most of the trackbed in the yard has been ripped up.
To the south of the yard is the Niagara Thruway (I-190) and Scajaquada Creek which empties into the Black Rock Canal, formerly a channel of the Erie Canal. Trains depart the yard to the south by either the International Railway Bridge to Canada or the old New York Central Railroad line towards downtown Buffalo. Beneath the southern end of the yard crosses Amherst Street.

## History

Started in 1834 on state-owned land next to the Erie Canal, the yard began its existence as the northern terminus of the Buffalo and Black Rock Railroad, a horse-powered line from downtown Buffalo. The yard expanded significantly when the International Railway Bridge opened in 1874.
# Black dragonfish

Black dragonfish is a common name for several fish and may refer to the listed fish that appear underneath. These fish are the:
* Bathophilus indicus
* Idiacanthus atlanticus, a barbeled dragonfish of the family Stomiidae
* Idiacanthus fasciola
# Bismarck Township, Michigan

Bismarck Township is a civil township of Presque Isle County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 351.

## Communities

* Hawks is a small unincorporated community at 45°18′07″N 83°53′15″W﻿ / ﻿45.30194°N 83.88750°W﻿ / 45.30194; -83.88750﻿ (Hawks) in the eastern part of township at the boundary with Belknap Township. The Hawks post office, with ZIP code 49743, also serves much of southern Bismarck Township, as well as southern Belknap Township, a portion of western Pulawski Township to the east of Belknap, the western portion of Metz Township, and a small part of southeastern Case Township. The Hawks post office opened on August 26, 1896. The community was named for James Dudley Hawks, then president of the Detroit and Mackinac Railway, after the railroad established a station there in 1895.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 69.9 square miles (181 km$^2$), of which 67.6 square miles (175 km$^2$) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km$^2$) (3.19%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 408 people, 180 households, and 135 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.0 inhabitants per square mile (2.3/km$^2$). There were 570 housing units at an average density of 8.4 per square mile (3.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.26% White, 0.25% African American, 0.25% from other races, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.25% of the population.
There were 180 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the township the population was spread out, with 16.4% under the age of 18, 2.5% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 33.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,477, and the median income for a family was $33,182. Males had a median income of $25,357 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,713. About 7.3% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Bismarck cabinet

The Bismarck Cabinet was the first cabinet of the German Empire, led by Otto von Bismarck from the unification of Germany in 1871 until 1890.

## Composition

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Reich Chancellor | Otto von Bismarck | 21 March 1871 | 20 March 1890 | Independent |
| Vice Chancellor (from 17 March 1878) | Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode | 1 June 1878 | 20 June 1881 | FKP |
| Vice Chancellor (from 17 March 1878) | Karl Heinrich von Boetticher | 20 June 1881 | 1 July 1897 | FKP |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Hermann von Thile | 21 March 1871 | 30 September 1872 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Hermann Ludwig von Balan | 3 October 1872 | 9 October 1873 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Bernhard Ernst von Bülow | 9 October 1872 | 20 October 1879 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Joseph Maria von Radowitz (Acting) | 6 November 1879 | 17 April 1880 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (Acting) | 20 April 1880 | 1 September 1880 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Friedrich zu Limburg-Stirum (Acting) | 1 September 1880 | 25 June 1881 | DKP |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Clemens Busch (Acting) | 25 June 1881 | 16 July 1881 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Paul von Hatzfeldt | 16 July 1881 | 24 October 1885 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Foreign Affairs | Herbert von Bismarck | 18 May 1886 | 20 March 1890 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Interior (from 21 December 1879) | Karl von Hofmann | 21 December 1879 | 31 August 1880 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Interior (from 21 December 1879) | Karl Heinrich von Boetticher | 1 September 1880 | 20 March 1890 | FKP |
| State Secretary for Justice (from 1 January 1877) | Heinrich von Friedberg | 21 December 1876 | 30 October 1879 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Justice (from 1 January 1877) | Hermann von Schelling | 19 November 1879 | 31 January 1889 | Independent |
| State Secretary for Justice (from 1 January 1877) | Otto von Oehlschläger | 19 February 1889 | 20 March 1890 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Navy | Karl Eduard Heusner | 1 April 1889 | 20 March 1890 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Post (from 1880) | Heinrich von Stephan | 23 February 1880 | 20 March 1890 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Treasury (from 1880) | Adolf von Scholz | 1880 | July 1882 | DKP |
| State Secretary for the Treasury (from 1880) | Franz Emil Emanuel von Burchard | 1882 | November 1886 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Treasury (from 1880) | Karl Rudolf Jacobi | 1886 | 14 September 1888 | Independent |
| State Secretary for the Treasury (from 1880) | Helmuth von Maltzahn | 1888 | 20 March 1890 | DKP |

## Sources

* Regenten und Regierungen der Welt, Vol. 2,3. Neueste Zeit: 1492–1917, ed. by B. Spuler; 2nd edition, Würzburg, Ploetz, 1962.
# Blackett (crater)

Blackett is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, behind the southwest limb. It lies beyond the southeast outer ring of the immense Mare Orientale basin. The formation of that major feature has left Blackett deeply marked with ridge features trending from the northwest. Much of the crater has been shaped by the ejecta from Mare Orientale, particularly along the western half of the crater.
Overall this crater is heavily eroded, with several craters overlaying the southern rim, and smaller formations overlaying the western and northwestern rim. The interior floor has been roughened by ejecta, leaving only parts of the southwest interior in their previous relatively level and featureless condition.
The crater Stetson lies on the southwest rim.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Blackett.
| Blackett | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| N | 39.9° S | 116.2° W | 23 km |
# Blakeman

Blakeman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Blakeman (1596–1665), English-born American preacher
* Adam Blakeman (footballer) (born 1991), English footballer
* Alec Blakeman (1936–1994), English footballer
* Bruce Blakeman, American politician
* Clete Blakeman (born 1964), American National Football League official
* Helen Blakeman (born 1971), English playwright and screenwriter
* Jennifer Blakeman, American musician and music industry executive
* Laura Blakeman (born 1979), British slalom canoeist
* Laurie Blakeman (born 1958), Canadian politician

## Other uses

* Blakeman, Kansas
# Blalock (surname)

Blalock, meaning "dark-haired person" (Middle English Blakelok), is an English surname. It may refer to:
* Alfred Blalock (1899–1964), American innovator in the field of medical science
* Bradley Blalock (born 2000), American baseball player
* Hank Blalock (born 1980), American baseball third baseman
* Hubert M. Blalock Jr. (1926–1991), American sociologist
* Jane Blalock (born 1945), American professional golfer
* Joe Blalock (1919–1974), American football player
* Jolene Blalock (born 1975), American actress
* Justin Blalock (born 1983), American football offensive guard
* Malinda Blalock (c. 1839–c. 1901), female soldier during the American Civil War
* Patricia Swift Blalock (1914–2011), American librarian, social worker, and civil rights activist
* Will Blalock (born 1983), American basketball player
# Bliss Landing

Bliss Landing, formerly Bishop Landing or Bishops Landing, was a cannery town on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the northwest side of the Malaspina Peninsula on the upper Sunshine Coast, north of the town of Lund and across the mouth of Desolation Sound from Cortes Bay and Manson's Landing on Cortes Island.
Bliss Landing is thought to have been named after an early settler, a Joe Blissto. This replaced an older name for the settlement, Bishop Landing or Bishops Landing. The Bishop Landing Post Office opened on June 1, 1917, and was named after P.W. Bishop, its first postmaster. The post office was redesignated as Bliss Landing on April 1, 1923. The post office closed on April 20, 1960.
50°02′N 124°49′W﻿ / ﻿50.033°N 124.817°W﻿ / 50.033; -124.817
# Blackbox

Blackbox is a free and open-source stacking window manager for the X Window System.
Blackbox has specific design goals, and some functionality is provided only through other applications. One example is the bbkeys hotkey application.
Blackbox is written in C++ and contains completely original code. It was created by Bradley T. Hughes and is available under the MIT License. Blackbox has compliance with the Extended Window Manager Hints specification.
The original author seems to have ceased updating the repository with the exception of a minor fix of compilation problems in 2015, leaving the last original version at 0.70.1. However an actively maintained fork by Brian Bidulock has been picked up by several Linux distributions in its place, and it is featured in pkgsrc. Despite that, some other Linux distributions still use the original source code, as does FreeBSD.

## Features

Features of the Blackbox window manager include:
* A stacking window manager
* Written in C++
* Freely available under the MIT license
* Compliance with the Extended Window Manager Hints Specification
* Title bars have minimize, maximize, and close buttons
* Support for simple themes
* Support for color changes
* No support for desktop shortcuts
* Compatibility with both KDE and GNOME

## Related projects

There are a number of other window manager forks of Blackbox:
* Fluxbox
* Hackedbox
* Openbox (until version 3.0)

### Windows shell replacements

Although they do not share the same codebase, these projects are also inspired by Blackbox.
* BB4Win (the first and most prominent clone/port of Blackbox on Windows)
* bbLean
* xoblite (has releases from 2021)
* bbZero (a branch of bbLean)