OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abuletisdze

The Abuletisdze family (Georgian: აბულეთისძე) was a Georgian noble family – eristavs – with its most prominent members in the 12th and 13th century. The family held appanages in the valleys of Aragvi and Tedzami in the eastern province of Kakheti.

## History

The dynastic name Abuletidze (literally, "sons/descendants of Abulet") is derived from a male name Abulet. A person with this name appears as a commander under the Georgian king David IV (r. 1089-1125). He was among those nobles who recovered the fortress of Samshvilde from Seljuk Turks in 1110. Later, Abulet was a governor of Ani in 1124. He is last heard of in 1130.
The Abuletisdze's loyalty to the crown was not permanent, however. In the early 12th century, they were among the most powerful vassals and rivals of the kings of Georgia. Thus, already in the reign of David IV, Dzagan Abuletisdze is reported to have defied the royal authority, but was eventually to take refuge at the Shio-Mghvime Monastery which surrendered him to the king. Dzagan's brother Modistos was a catholicos of the Georgian Orthodox Church, and was removed from this position by the same king.
We next hear of Abulet's son Ivane and grandson Kirkish (Tirkash) who served as the commanders of Georgian troops in Armenia, but subsequently plotted the murder of King Demetrius I, probably to place the king's half-brother Vakhtang on the throne. The king was timely warned and survived. He had Ivane murdered in 1132, while Kirkash fled to the Seljukid sultan of the Shah-Armenid state centered at Akhlat. The sultan enfeoffed him with Arsharunik whence he launched several raids into Georgia. Kirkish was eventually captured and cast into prison by Demetrius. When Demetrius was temporarily overthrown by his son David V, was restored to favor and granted the office of amirspasalar of which the rival Orbeli clan was dispossessed by the new king. Demetrius, once restored to the throne shortly thereafter, again gave the post to the Orbeli. Yet, the members of this family remained among the high nobility of Georgia, and were titled as eristavt-eristavs. One of them, Dzagan featured prominently in the Mongol capture of Baghdad in 1258, and returned with a substantial wealth of booty through which he acquired the village of Angroini and donated it to the Shio-Mghvime Monastery. Later in the 13th century, the family went in decline. By 1405, their fiefdom in Kakheti had passed to a branch of the Abazasdze.
# VAB

VAB may refer to:
* Vehicle Assembly Building, a large building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center where space vehicles are prepared for launch
* Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé, a French wheeled armored personnel carrier
* Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure
* Visual Arts Board, historic board of the Australia Council
# CCAC

CCAC may refer to:
* Canadian Council on Animal Care
* California College of Arts and Crafts
* Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference, an athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)
* Community Circus Arts Corporation
* Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Comissariado contra a Corrupção, Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
* Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee
* Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
* Changi Coast Adventure Centre (Singapore)
# Stull, Pennsylvania

Stull is a census-designated place located in Noxen Township, Pennsylvania.

## Geography

Stull appears on the Noxen U.S. Geological Survey Map. It has an estimated elevation of 591 feet (180 m) above sea level. It was originally built to house workers for the sawmill located there.

## History

Stull once had a post office, school, store and church and once had as many as 500 residents. The mill burned down in 1902, was rebuilt, but then was again closed for a last time in 1906. The local school closed in 1912. After the closing of the sawmill, Stull shifted from lumber to agricultural production and during World War I, the remains of the sawmill were scrapped for the war effort. Today, there are a few houses and residents
# Tsaava

Tsaava (Georgian: ცაავა) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Grigol Tsaava (born 1962), Georgian footballer
* Londer Tsaava, Georgian politician
# Carabus albrechti itoi

Carabus albrechti itoi is a subspecies of ground beetle in the family Carabidae that is endemic to Japan.
# Abstract additive Schwarz method

In mathematics, the abstract additive Schwarz method, named after Hermann Schwarz, is an abstract version of the additive Schwarz method for boundary value problems on partial differential equations, formulated only in terms of linear algebra without reference to domains, subdomains, etc. Many if not all domain decomposition methods can be cast as abstract additive Schwarz method, which is often the first and most convenient approach to their analysis.
# Ulcinj Airport

Ulcinj Airport (Montenegrin: Аеродром Улцињ / Aerodrom Ulcinj, Albanian: Aeroporti Ulqini) was an airport in the Ulcinj Municipality in Montenegro.

## History

In the 1940s, Aeroput's Belgrade–Podgorica flight extended to the coastal town of Bar.
* This article about a European airport is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Montenegro location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# İncesu, Horasan

İncesu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Horasan, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 243 (2022).
# COQ6

Coenzyme Q6 monooxygenase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COQ6 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ubiH/COQ6 family. It is an evolutionarily conserved monooxygenase required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (or ubiquinone), which is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and one of the most potent lipophilic antioxidants implicated in the protection of cell damage by reactive oxygen species. knockdown of this gene in mouse and zebrafish results in decreased growth due to increased apoptosis.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6), which manifests as nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
# Toos

Toos may refer to:
* Toos (given name) including a list of people with the name
* Tous, Iran, or Toos, an ancient city in Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran
* Toos, later merged into Schönholzerswilen, a municipality in Münchwilen district, Thurgau, Switzerland
# What Have They Done to the Rain

"What Have They Done to the Rain" is a protest song against above-ground nuclear testing written by Malvina Reynolds. The song has been sung by many singers such as Joan Baez, and a version by the English band The Searchers was released as a single, which charted in the US and UK.

## Background

In the late 1950s, concerns began to be raised over above-ground nuclear testing, which produced nuclear fallout that came down to earth in the rain. Such nuclear fallout contained radioactive Strontium-90 that can enter the food chain through the grass eaten by cows and finally into humans as food. Marches against nuclear testing were organized by Women for Peace and Women Strike for Peace in the 1960s, and Malvina Reynolds was among those active in the campaign.
Reynolds composed the song in 1962, first entitled "Rain Song", as part of the campaign and Reynolds performed the song in marches. The lyrics talk of grass and a little boy in the rain, both of whom disappear after years of such rain. Although the song is about radioactive fallout, later the song also became identified with acid rain.
Reynolds recorded the song, which was later included in a Smithsonian Folkways compilation album, The Best Of Broadside 1962-1988. Joan Baez recorded the song live for her album Joan Baez in Concert in 1962. Baez introduced the song as "the gentlest protest song I know. It doesn't protest gently, but it sounds gentle."

## The Searchers version

The most commercially successful version of the song was recorded by The Searchers. The song, released in 1964, was one of the earliest releases in mainstream pop that addressed issues of societal concern on the environment. It reached number 13 in the UK Singles Chart in 1965. It also reached number 29 on the U.S. Billboard chart, and number two in Canada.

### Charts

| Chart (1964–65) | Peak position |
| Australia | 27 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 2 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 25 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 13 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 29 |

## Other versions

It has been recorded by many other artists including Esther & Abi Ofarim on their album That's Our Song (1965), who also recorded a version in French, "Tout est étrange sous la pluie", the same year, The Seekers, Marianne Faithfull, and Melanie.
The song was recorded by the composer and issued by Columbia on the 1967 album Malvina Reynolds Sings the Truth (reissued on CD by Omni in 2008).
It was also covered by actress Lili Taylor in Nancy Savoca's film Dogfight.
# Carel du Plessis

Carel Johan du Plessis (born 24 June 1960) is a former South African rugby union coach and player.

## Playing career

Du Plessis played for Western Province and the Springboks, his skills earning him the nickname the Prince of Wings. Capped 12 times, he scored 4 tries for the Springboks, but his international career was curtailed by the sports boycott against apartheid South Africa.

### Test history

| No. | Opposition | Result (SA 1st) | Position | Tries | Date | Venue |
| 1. | South American Jaguars | 50–18 | Wing | 1 | 27 March 1982 | Loftus Versveld, Pretoria |
| 2. | South American Jaguars | 12–21 | Wing | | 3 April 1982 | Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |
| 3. | England | 33–15 | Wing | 1 | 2 June 1984 | Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth |
| 4. | England | 35–9 | Wing | | 9 June 1984 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
| 5. | South American Jaguars | 32–15 | Wing | | 20 October 1984 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 6. | South American Jaguars | 21–13 | Wing | 1 | 27 October 1984 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 7. | New Zealand Cavaliers | 21–15 | Wing | 1 | 10 May 1986 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 8. | New Zealand Cavaliers | 18–19 | Wing | | 17 May 1986 | Kings Park, Durban |
| 9. | New Zealand Cavaliers | 33–18 | Wing | | 24 May 1986 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 10. | New Zealand Cavaliers | 24–10 | Wing | | 31 May 1986 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
| 11. | World XV | 20–19 | Wing | | 26 Aug 1989 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 12. | World XV | 22–16 | Wing | | 2 Sep 1989 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |

## Coaching career

In late February 1997, du Plessis was appointed coach of the Springboks, succeeding Andre Markgraaff, despite a lack of coaching experience. He led the team to defeat in both the British and Irish Lions' 1997 tour and the 1997 Tri-Nations, before being sacked and replaced by Nick Mallett, his last game as coach being a 61–22 win over Australia. He was subsequently an assistant coach for Western Province and the Stormers, with Gert Smal.

## Personal

Du Plessis is the brother of Michael du Plessis and Willie du Plessis, both former Springboks, father of Jean-Luc du Plessis, who plays for the Stormers, and uncle of Daniël du Plessis, a former South Africa U20 player.
He has undergone three major surgeries after a brain tumour was discovered in January 2019.
# Acanthesthes amycteroides

Acanthesthes amycteroides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Adam White in 1858. It is known from South Africa.
The junior synonym A. spinosa's type location is Port Natal and its initial description listed a length of 21 mm and a width of 9 mm.
# Ulco

Ulco is a town in Frances Baard District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It lies 10 kilometers from the Vaal River.

## Established

The town was established around the mining activities Union Lime Company in 1949. The town is some 15 km northwest of Delportshoop and 60 km west-southwest of Warrenton.

## Naming

The name is derived from Union Lime Company.

## Nature of town

It is a self-sustaining and private cement and mining town, which was established to offer housing to its employees. Electricity was also supplied to the area in 1949 for the first time.

## Activities

It is a site of extensive lime works. In 2009 it still had reserves for 150 years.

## Schools

Two school exist namely Ulco Intermediate School and Ulco Primary School.

## Weather

Highest temperature ever measured is 44 °C and coldest -9 °C . It has a desert like climate
# İncesu, Kayseri

İncesu is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 874 km$^2$, and its population is 29,120 (2022). The mayor is Mustafa İlmek (AKP). It has been identified with the ancient town Sadogora or Sadacora.

## History

At the beginning of the 20th century, Greeks still formed part of the population of İncesu. Most of them went with the Turkish-Greek Population Exchange. There is the Kara Mustafa Pasha Caravanserai built by Kara Mustafa Pasha in 1660 in İncesu.
In 2021, archaeologists discovered late Roman and early Byzantine houses, with inscriptions and mosaics.

## Composition

There are 33 neighbourhoods in İncesu District:
* Bahçelievler
* Bahçesaray
* Bulgurcu
* Çardaklı
* Dokuzpınar
* Fırınönü
* Garipçe
* Gönenkent
* Güney
* Hamurcu
* Karahüyük
* Karakoyunlu
* Karamustafapaşa
* Kızılören Aşağı
* Kızılören Ötebatan
* Kızılören Tabaklı
* Küllü
* Örenşehir
* Orta
* Saraycık
* Sarıkürklü
* Semerkent
* Şeyhşaban
* Subaşı
* Süksün Cumhuriyet
* Süksün Hürriyet
* Süksün Zafer
* Sultansazı
* Tahirinli
* Üçkuyu
* Vali Ihsan Aras
* Yarım
* Yenicami
# 1999 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed doubles

The 1999 World Table Tennis Championships mixed doubles was the 45th edition of the mixed doubles championship.
Ma Lin and Zhang Yingying defeated Feng Zhe and Sun Jin in the final by three sets to one.

## Results

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Wang Liqin Wang Nan | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Park Sang-joon Seok Eun-mi | 7 | 12 | | Wang Liqin Wang Nan | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tan Ruiwu Zhang Yining | 21 | 13 | 21 | Tan Ruiwu Zhang Yining | 13 | 9 | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Timo Boll Nicole Struse | 13 | 21 | 16 | | | | | | | Wang Liqin Wang Nan | 21 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 13 | | | | | |
| Ma Lin Zhang Yingying | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | Ma Lin Zhang Yingying | 13 | 8 | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | |
| Chiang Peng-lung Cheng Jing | 15 | 17 | | Ma Lin Zhang Yingying | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liu Guozheng Li Nan | 21 | 14 | 21 | Liu Guozheng Li Nan | 14 | 18 | 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lee Chul-seung Ryu Ji-hae | 11 | 21 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ma Lin Zhang Yingying | 21 | 21 | 9 | 21 |
| Yan Sen Zhang Hui | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Feng Zhe Sun Jin | 15 | 19 | 21 | 15 |
| Slobodan Grujić Otilia Bădescu | 17 | 7 | | Yan Sen Zhang Hui | 17 | 15 | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Qin Zhijian Yang Ying | 21 | 21 | | Qin Zhijian Yang Ying | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Yoo Nam-kyu Park Hae-jung | 10 | 11 | | | | | | | | Qin Zhijian Yang Ying | 19 | 19 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Feng Zhe Sun Jin | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | Feng Zhe Sun Jin | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | |
| Zoltan Bátorfi Krisztina Tóth | 16 | 15 | | Feng Zhe Sun Jin | 21 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Guo Keli Lin Ling | 21 | 11 | 21 | Guo Keli Lin Ling | 11 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liu Guoliang Li Ju | 16 | 21 | 19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Statues of Louis Botha

There are statues of Gen. Louis Botha in Cape Town, Durban, and Pretoria, all in the country of which he was the first Prime Minister, South Africa.

## Cape Town

An equestrian statue of Gen. Botha stands on Stable Square atop Plein Street in Cape Town (33°55′40″S 18°25′10″E﻿ / ﻿33.92777°S 18.41937°E﻿ / -33.92777; 18.41937). The sculptor was the Italian Romano Romanelli, and the statue was unveiled on February 2, 1931, by the wife of Sir Nicolaas Frederic de Waal. The inscription on the statue reads: "Louis Botha, farmer, warrior, statesman."
The statue was vandalized and smeared with red paint in April 2015 after the EFF encouraged members to destroy statues of "apartheid icons".

## Durban

The first memorial to Botha built was a statue in the Botha Gardens (29°51′38″S 31°00′35″E﻿ / ﻿29.86061°S 31.00960°E﻿ / -29.86061; 31.00960) between King Dinuzulu Road (formerly Berea Rd) and Julius Nyerere Street (formerly Warwick Lane). Since 2008, a statue of King Dinuzulu stands near that of Botha. The bronze statue of Botha by Anton van Wouw was unveiled by Gen. Jan Smuts on June 14, 1923. The simple plaque reads "Louis Botha 1862–1919." He is portrayed as slightly larger than life and stands on a 3-m pedestal.

## Pretoria

Another equestrian statue of Botha lies in front of the Union Buildings facing Church Street (25°44′39″S 28°12′40″E﻿ / ﻿25.74411°S 28.21099°E﻿ / -25.74411; 28.21099), depicting the Commandant-General of the South African Republic at the time of the Second Boer War. The bronze statue by Coert Steynberg was unveiled on August 15, 1946, by Botha's oldest daughter, Mrs. Helen de Waal, and the Prime Minister of South Africa, Gen. Jan Smuts, gave a speech for the occasion. The statue weighs 4 tons, stands around 5 m high, and stands on a pedestal 4½ m high. Six bronze plaques on the pedestal narrate high points of his career. The statue was paid for by public donations.
# CGR 2-6-0ST 1900

The Cape Government Railways 2-6-0ST of 1900 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.
In 1900, two 2-6-0 Mogul type saddle-tank locomotives entered service on the Port Elizabeth Harbour works, followed by one more in 1904. They were later taken onto the Cape Government Railways roster and were all still in service when the South African Railways was established in 1912.

## Manufacturer

In 1900, two 2-6-0 saddle-tank locomotives were delivered to the Port Elizabeth Harbour Board (PEHB) from Kitson and Company. In 1904, they were followed by one more from the same manufacturer.
The builder’s works numbers of the first two locomotives are not known, but are probably two of Kitson numbers 4079 to 4083 in respect of which no trial date or owner are given in the Kitson Works Trial Book. The third locomotive, Kitson no. 4245, is listed with trial date 8 December 1903 and customer H Chaplin P.E.H.B. From the trial date, it would follow that the locomotive could only have entered service in Port Elizabeth early in 1904.
The locomotives were similar in appearance and general dimensions to the 1st Class 2-6-0ST of 1876 which had been delivered as a pair of Stephenson's Patent back-to-back side-tank locomotives, before being rebuilt to saddle-tank locomotives by the Cape Government Railways (CGR) in the 1880s. The new locomotives were slightly larger, with an increased heating surface and tractive effort.

## Service
### Port Elizabeth Harbour Board

The locomotives were acquired as construction locomotives for use on the Port Elizabeth harbour works. The PEHB used letters to number its locomotives at the time, and the first two of these engines were lettered I and J, while the one which was delivered in 1904 was lettered O.

### Cape Government Railways

In terms of Cape Act 38 of 1908, the Cape Government Railways (CGR) became responsible for the administration of the three major harbours in the Cape of Good Hope with effect from 1 January 1909. The locomotives were therefore all taken onto the CGR roster and renumbered in the range from 1024 to 1026. They spent their entire service lives as dock shunting engines in the Port Elizabeth Harbour.

### South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.
In 1912, the locomotives were considered obsolete by the SAR and renumbered by having the numeral "0" prefixed to their existing engine numbers. Even though obsolete, they remained in service until 1931.
# Toos & Henk

Toos & Henk is a cartoon created by Dutch cartoonist Paul Kusters.
The cartoons consist of a single picture and are each independent. The two main characters with the names Toos and Henk form a couple that can be described as more or less average for Dutch society.
Toos & Henk is a daily cartoon series based on current events that can be followed in the newspapers Dagblad de Limburger, Limburgs Dagblad, Brabants Dagblad, De Gooi- en Eemlander, Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, De Gelderlander, De Twentsche Courant Tubantia, Dagblad van het Noorden, Noordhollands Dagblad, Haarlems Dagblad, Leidsch Dagblad, BN/De Stem, De Stentor and HDC.
Since 16 February 2015, the cartoon was also shown on television in RTL Late Night.
# Wittmackia sulbahianensis

Wittmackia sulbahianensis is a species of plant in the family Bromeliaceae. This species is endemic to eastern Brazil, known from the States of Bahia and Espírito Santo.
# Carex breviculmis

Carex breviculmis, called the Asian shortstem sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to Asia from the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, north as far as Khabarovsk Krai, and Malesia, New Guinea, Australia, Norfolk Island and New Zealand. It has been introduced to the US state of Mississippi. Typically found in forests, it is quite shade tolerant.

## Subtaxa

The following varieties are currently accepted:
* Carex breviculmis var. breviculmis
* Carex breviculmis var. discoidea (Boott) Boott – Japan
* Carex breviculmis var. fibrillosa (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum. & Hayata – China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan
* Carex breviculmis var. montivaga (S.T.Blake) Noot. – New Guinea
* Carex breviculmis var. perciliata Kük. – Malesia to New Guinea
* Carex breviculmis var. puberula (Boott) Makino – Japan
# Abándames

Abándames is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Peñamellera Baja, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The population is 158 (INE 2011).
* This article about a location in the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ulmus 'Ramulosa'

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Ramulosa' [: 'twiggy'], Floetbeck elm, was raised in the Floetbeck (or Flottbeck) nurseries, Hamburg, by James Booth & Son (a principal supplier of continental elms to the UK, considered by Loudon the finest nursery in Germany), and was first mentioned by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838) as Ulmus montana glabra var. ramulosa Booth, but without description. It does not, however, appear in Booth's 1838 list. Loudon listed the tree in a group including Downton Elm, Scampston Elm, and Ludlow Elm, so Green's wych cultivar attribution (Ulmus glabra Huds.) appears to be an error.

## Description

Not available.

## Cultivation

No specimens are known to survive. Loudon mentions that there were specimens present in the original Horticultural Society Garden, London.
# Çiftlikler, Ceyhan

Çiftlikler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ceyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 348 (2022).
# Turbonilla phanea

Turbonilla phanea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.