OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# VEU Feldkirch

VEU Feldkirch is a professional ice hockey team from Feldkirch, Austria. The team currently plays in the Ö Eishockey Liga. They play their home games At Vorarlberghalle. They formerly played in the Austrian National League and Alps Hockey League, and were nine-time Austrian ice hockey champions when they played in the higher level Austrian Hockey League, before being relegated. Their biggest success was the win of the European Hockey League in 1998 with its coach Ralph Krueger.
# 1934–35 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team

The 1934–35 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin–Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his first season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Regular Season ||||||
| 11/30/1934* | Franklin (IN) | W 34–11 | 1–0 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 12/07/1934* | Carleton (MN) | W 27–26 | 2–0 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 12/10/1934* | Wabash (IN) | W 33–20 | 3–0 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 12/15/1934* | Marquette | W 29–20 | 4–0 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 12/22/1934* | at Marquette | L 25–33 | 4–1 | Marquette Gymnasium Milwaukee, WI |
| 12/29/1934* | Pittsburgh | L 27–31 | 4–2 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 12/31/1934* | Michigan State | W 23–21 $^{OT}$ | 5–2 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 1/05/1935 | Purdue | L 18–19 | 5–3 (0–1) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 1/07/1935 | Northwestern | W 16–9 | 6–3 (1–1) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 1/12/1935 | at Indiana | W 30–23 | 7–3 (2–1) | IU Fieldhouse Bloomington, IN |
| 1/14/1935 | Michigan | W 34–20 | 8–3 (3–1) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 1/19/1935 | at Northwestern | L 31–36 | 8–4 (3–2) | Patten Gymnasium Evanston, IL |
| 1/21/1935 | Minnesota | W 38–31 | 9–4 (4–2) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 2/09/1935* | DePauw (IN) | W 28–27 | 10–4 | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 2/11/1935 | Chicago | W 26–24 | 11–4 (5–2) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 2/16/1935 | Indiana | W 37–27 $^{OT}$ | 12–4 (6–2) | UW Fieldhouse Madison, WI |
| 2/18/1935 | at Minnesota | W 28–27 | 13–4 (7–2) | Williams Field House Minneapolis, MN |
| 2/23/1935 | at Michigan | W 33–19 | 14–4 (8–2) | Yost Fieldhouse Ann Arbor, MI |
| 3/02/1935 | at Chicago | W 48–25 | 15–4 (9–2) | Henry Crown Field House Chicago, IL |
| 3/04/1935 | at Purdue | L 24–43 | 15–5 (9–3) | Lafayette Jefferson HS Gymnasium Lafayette, IN |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. ||||||
# Steven Vidler

Steven Vidler may refer to:
* Steven Vidler (actor) (born 1960), Australian actor
* Steven Vidler (judoka) (born 1977), Scottish judoka
# USS Eastern Chief

USS Eastern Chief (ID-3390) was cargo steamship that was built in Japan in 1917 as Yoshida Maru No. 3. The United States Shipping Board (USSB) bought her and renamed her Eastern Chief. From September 1918 to May 1919 she spent eight months in the United States Navy, in which she made two transatlantic round trips between Virginia and France. She was scrapped in 1935.

## Building and registration

In 1917 the Uraga Dock Company in Uraga, Kanagawa built a pair of sister ships. Kirishima Maru No. 6 was completed in October, followed by Yoshida Maru No. 3 in December.
Yoshida Maru No. 3's registered length was 360.0 ft (109.7 m), her beam was 51.0 ft (15.5 m), her depth was 28.4 ft (8.7 m) and her draft was 23 ft 2 in (7.1 m). Her tonnages were 4,660 GRT, 3,578 NRT, and 9,606 tons displacement.
She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion engine. It was rated at 378 NHP or 2,400 ihp, and gave her a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h).
The USSB bought Kirishima Maru No. 6 and Yoshida Maru No. 3, renamed them Eastern Cross and Eastern Chief respectively, and registered them in Seattle. Eastern Chief's US official number was 216482 and her code letters were LKWN.
The USSB ordered three more ships from Uraga to the same design. Eastern Breeze was completed in October 1919, followed by Eastern Gale in November 1919, and Eastern Tempest in April 1920. Suez Maru, completed in August 1919, was also built to the same design. She remained in Japanese service, became a Second World War hell ship, and was sunk with great loss of life in 1943.

## US Navy

The 6th Naval District inspected Eastern Chief at Charleston, South Carolina on 10 September 1918, and she was transferred to the US Navy on 26 September at Charleston Navy Yard. She was commissioned on 27 September 1918 as USS Eastern Chief, with the ID number ID–3390.
Eastern Chief made two round trips with the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. On the first, she left Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 9 October 1918. She called at Sydney, Nova Scotia, for repairs, and on 26 November 1918 reached La Pallice, France, where she discharged her cargo and loaded ordnance and engineering stores. She left La Pallice on 14 December 1918, and reached Norfolk, Virginia, on 8 January 1919.
On 9 February 1919 Eastern Chief left Norfolk for France. On 15 February she stood by the disabled cargo ship USS West Haven until a tugboat arrived. Eastern Chief and the tug then towed West Haven to Bermuda. Eastern Chief resumed her eastbound crossing, and reached La Pallice on 23 February. She discharged part of her cargo at La Pallice, and the remainder at Antwerp in Belgium. She left Antwerp on 3 May and reached Norfolk on 23 May.
The Navy decommissioned Eastern Chief on 29 May 1919, and returned her to the USSB the same day.

## Later years

Eastern Chief remained in USSB ownership. The Board neither sold her, nor found work for her via a ship management company. By 1934 her wireless telegraph call sign was KJIM, and this had superseded her code letters. She was scrapped in 1935.
# Yellow Fever! (Señor Coconut album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Stylus Magazine | (B) |
Yellow Fever! is a 2006 tribute album by Señor Coconut Y Su Conjunto (Uwe Schmidt). It is an album of covers done in a Latin American style.
It is a tribute album dedicated to the Yellow Magic Orchestra, and is similar to his earlier Kraftwerk tribute album released in 2000. The three original members of the Yellow Magic Orchestra (Ryuichi Sakamoto, Haruomi Hosono, and Yukihiro Takahashi) appear on this album as well as Towa Tei and Mouse on Mars.
Between each cover song, there are small original interludes by Senor Coconut.

## Track listing

* "My Name Is Coco (Introduction)" – 0:20
* "Yellow Magic (Tong Poo)" [Rumba]
* "Coco Agogo" – 0:36
* "Limbo" [Mambo] – 3:21
* "What Is a Coconut? (Interlude)"
* "Behind the Mask" – 3:22
* "El Coco Rallado (Retro Interlude)" – 0:25
* "Pure Jam" [Mambo]
* "Mambo Numerique"
* "Simoon" [Bolero] – 6:48
* "El Coco Loco" – 0:18
* "The Madmen" [Mambo] – 3:51
* "What Is Coconut? (Interlude)" – 0:32
* "Music Plans" – 4:36
* "Breaking Music (Interlude)"
* "Rydeen" [Merengue] – 4:26
* "El Coco Roto (Interlude "Cabezón" Style)" – 0:19
* "Ongaku" – 3:19
* "What Is Coconut?" – 0:33
* "Firecracker" [Merengue] – 5:32
* "Señor Coconut And His Orchestra" – 0:06
# 2021 PNGNRL season

The 2021 season of Papua New Guinea National Rugby League competition will be the 31st season of the premier rugby league competition in Papua New Guinea since 1991.

## Teams

The competition will still have 12 franchise teams competing in 2021.

## Ladder

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | B | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| 1 | Lae Snax Tigers | 11 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 284 | 170 | 114 | 18 |
| 2 | Mendi Muruks | 11 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 240 | 147 | 93 | 18 |
| 3 | Waghi Tumbe | 11 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 240 | 150 | 90 | 18 |
| 4 | Port Moresby Vipers | 11 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 183 | 132 | 51 | 17 |
| 5 | Hela Wigmen | 11 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 209 | 150 | 59 | 12 |
| 6 | Rabaul Gurias | 11 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 202 | 188 | 14 | 9 |
| 7 | Mt. Hagen Eagles | 11 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 182 | 223 | -41 | 9 |
| 8 | Enga Mioks | 11 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 184 | 208 | -24 | 7 |
| 9 | Goroka Lahanis | 11 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 143 | 226 | -83 | 7 |
| 10 | Gulf Isou | 11 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 150 | 257 | -107 | 7 |
| 11 | Central Dabaris | 11 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 188 | 280 | -92 | 6 |
| 12 | Kimbe Cutters | 11 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 166 | 340 | -174 | 4 |
* The team highlighted in blue has clinched the minor premiership
* Teams highlighted in green have qualified for the finals
* The team highlighted in red has clinched the wooden spoon
# Air Bridge

Air Bridge is a 1951 thriller novel by the British writer Hammond Innes.
It is set during the Berlin Airlift, and features a former RAF pilot now on the run from the police after becoming involved in shady activities after the war. Like all of Innes' novels, it is notable for a fine attention to accurate detail in descriptions of places, such as in Air Bridge RAF Gatow, RAF Membury after its closure, and RAF Wunstorf during the Berlin Airlift. As part of his research Innes hitched a lift with the RAF into Berlin at the height of the blockade.
# Challwamayu

Challwamayu may refer to:
* Challwamayu (Huancavelica), a river in Peru
* Challwamayu (Junín), a river in Peru
# Verner (name)

Verner is a Scandinavian name of Germanic origins from the given name Werner. Verner is common both as a given name and a surname. It means "protector". People with the name Verner include:

## Given name

* Verner Clapp
* Verner Clarges
* Ove Verner Hansen
* Verner von Heidenstam
* Verner Emil Hoggatt, Jr.
* Verner Järvinen
* Verner Lehtimäki
* Verner Lindberg (1852–1909), Finnish politician
* Verner Main
* Elmer Verner McCollum
* Percy Verner Noble
* Verner Panton
* Verner E. Suomi
* Verner Weckman
* Gerald Verner White

## Surname

* Alterraun Verner (b. 1988), American footballer
* Elizabeth O'Neill Verner (1883–1979), American artist, author
* Frank Verner (1883–1966), American middle and long distance runner
* Frederick Arthur Verner (1836–1928), Canadian painter
* Josée Verner (b. 1959), Canadian politician
* Karl Verner (1846–1896), Danish linguist
* Linda Verner (1855-1892), British singer and actress
* Mary Verner (b. 1956), American local government politician
* Miroslav Verner (b. 1941), Czech egyptologist
* Paul Verner (1911–1986), German politician
* Samuel Phillips Verner (1873–1943), American missionary and African explorer
* Tomáš Verner (b. 1986), Czech figure skater
* Sir William Edward Hercules Verner, 3rd Baronet (1855–1886), British baronet
* William Willoughby Cole Verner (1852–1922) a British ornithologist
# 2010 Pacific-10 Conference women's basketball tournament

The 2010 State Farm Pacific-10 Conference Women's Basketball Tournament was a post-season tournament for the women's basketball teams in the Pacific-10 Conference. The games were held on Thursday through Sunday, March 11–14, at the Galen Center (Los Angeles, California). Stanford was the tournament champion and became the NCAA tournament automatic qualifier, having beaten UCLA in the championship game.

## Schedule

| Date | Game | Matchup | Winner | Score | Time | TV |
| Thu., Mar. 11 | 1 | #8 Seed (Arizona) vs. #9 Seed (Washington State) | Arizona | 62–60 | 6:00 PM | |
| Thu., Mar. 11 | 2 | #7 Seed (Washington) vs. #10 Seed (Oregon St.) | Oregon State | 52–42 | 8:15 PM | |
| Fri., Mar. 12 | 3 | Seed #4 (California) vs. Seed #5 (Arizona State) | California | 60–50 | 11:00 AM | |
| Fri., Mar. 12 | 4 | Seed #1 (No. 2 Stanford) vs. #8/#9 Winner (Arizona) | Stanford | 72–52 | 1:15 PM | |
| Fri., Mar. 12 | 5 | Seed #3 (USC) vs. Seed #6 (Oregon) | USC | 80–76 | 5:00 PM | |
| Fri., Mar. 12 | 6 | Seed #2 (No. 23 UCLA) vs. #7/#10 Winner (Oregon State) | UCLA | 60–44 | 7:15 PM | |
| Sat., Mar. 13 | 7 | Semifinal #1 (California vs. No. 2 Stanford) | Stanford | 64–44 | 2:30 PM | FSN |
| Sat., Mar. 13 | 8 | Semifinal #2 (USC vs. No. 23 UCLA) | UCLA | 59–53 | 5:00 PM | FSN |
| Sun., Mar. 14 | 9 | Championship Game (No. 2 Stanford vs. No. 23 UCLA) | Stanford | 70–46 | 3:00 PM | FSN |
Rankings from AP Poll.

### All-Tournament Team

Source:
| Name | Pos. | Year | Team |
| Jayne Appel | C | Sr. | Stanford |
| Ashley Corral | G | So. | USC |
| Jasmine Dixon | F | Fr. | UCLA |
| Nnemkadi Ogwumike | F | So. | Stanford |
| Kayla Pedersen | F | Jr. | Stanford |
| Markel Walker | G/F | Fr. | UCLA |

### Most Outstanding Player

| Name | Pos. | Year | Team |
| Nnemkadi Ogwumike | F | So. | Stanford |
This is the 5th time that the MOP of the Tournament was also the Pac-10’s Player of the Year. Stanford’s Nicole Powell (2002, 2004) and Candice Wiggins (2005, 2008) were also MOP and POY in the same season.

## Game notes

* Stanford has made the NCAA field for the 23rd consecutive season, 24 times in history.
* Stanford has a 25–2 tournament record. UCLA has an 11–8 record.
* UCLA and Stanford have met 7 times in the tournament, a record, with Stanford winning 6 games.
* The 24-point margin of victory was the 2nd highest in the championship game. Last year's 25-point was the highest.
* Stanford's Jayne Appel and Kayla Pedersen started their third consecutive Tournament title game; Appel started her first game of the Tournament.
# Sticks and Stones (Titus Turner song)

"Sticks and Stones" is an R&B song, written by Titus Turner.
The song is best known in a 1960 version by Ray Charles, who added the Latin drum part. It was his first R&B hit with ABC-Paramount, followed in 1961 with "Hit the Road Jack".
The song was also covered by Jerry Lee Lewis, The Zombies, Wanda Jackson and The Kingsmen, The Righteous Brothers on Just Once in My Life, as well as Joe Cocker on Mad Dogs and Englishmen, and Elvis Costello in 1994 on the extended play version of Kojak Variety. In 1997, jazz singer Roseanna Vitro included the tune in her tribute to Charles, Catchin’ Some Rays: The Music of Ray Charles. In Australia The Vince Maloney Sect recorded the song in 1966. Vince went to England and joined the Bee Gees.
# Trichoptilus inclitus

Trichoptilus inclitus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is found in Australia.
# William Burgate

Sir William Burgate (died 1409), of Burgate, Suffolk, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Suffolk February 1388, September 1388, November 1390 and 1395.
# Carterocephalus

Carterocephalus is a Holarctic genus of skipperlings in the skipper family, Hesperiidae.
The wing colour is yellow, white, dark-brown and black with a variously spotted appearance. The hindwing upperside is dark with clear cut rounded lighter spots. The majority of species are endemic to China.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Carterocephalus abax Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet
* Carterocephalus alcinoides Lee, 1962 - Yunnan
* Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 - Yunnan
* Carterocephalus argyrostigma (Eversmann, 1851) - Siberia, Mongolia and China
* Carterocephalus avanti (de Nicéville, 1886) – orange and silver mountain hopper – Tibet
* Carterocephalus canopunctatus (Nabokov 1941)
* Carterocephalus christophi Grum-Grshimailo, 1891 - Tibet, western China
* Carterocephalus dieckmanni Graesser, 1888 - China
* Carterocephalus flavomaculatus Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, West China
* Carterocephalus gemmatus Leech, 1891
* Carterocephalus habaensis Yoshino, 1997 - Yunnan
* Carterocephalus houangty Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, western China
* Carterocephalus mandan Oberthür, 1891
* Carterocephalus micio Oberthür, 1891 - China
* Carterocephalus niveomaculatus Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, West and South China
* Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) – chequered skipper
* Carterocephalus pulchra (Leech, 1891) - Tibet, western China
* Carterocephalus silvicola (Meigen, 1829) – northern chequered skipper
* Carterocephalus skada (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Arctic skipper, arctic skipperling

### Former species

* Carterocephalus plancus Hopffer, 1874 - transferred to Ladda plancus (Hopffer, 1874)

## Gallery

* Carterocephalus palaemon, dorsal view
* Carterocephalus palaemon, lateral view
* Carterocephalus silvicola
* Carterocephalus silvicola, lateral view
# Aik Aur Sitam Hai

Aik Aur Sitam Hai (transl. One More Wound) is a 2019 Pakistani television series, co-produced by Evolution Media and TNI Productions. The serial airs weekly episode on A-Plus TV every wednesday replacing Khafa Khafa Zindagi. It stars Maria Wasti, Alyy Khan, Fawad Jalal and Beenish Chohan.The title song of the series is sung by actress Zhalay Sarhadi.
Shooting location Karachi & TandoAdam Sindh

## Cast

* Maria Wasti as Ruqsana
* Alyy Khan as Rasheed
* Beenish Chohan as Saira
* Fawad Jalal as Fahad
* Adnan Shah Tipu
* Sumbul Shahid
# Vakil Caravanserai

Vakil Caravanserai is located in the southern Iranian city of Kerman. It is one of the largest Caravanserais in the world. Old Iran had many Caravanserais for long-distance travelers to rest. Vakil Caravanserai has 120 rooms in two floors. It was built around 1870 by the order of Mohammad Ismail Khan, the time governor of Kerman. The whole building was completed around 1870. This is one of the caravanserais which exist in Kerman.

## Architecture

Vakil caravanserai consists of two floors and has 120 rooms. The number of rooms is on the first floor to 81 and on the second floor to 31.Caravanserai has two doors opening to Vakil market(Bazar-i Vakil). The entrance facade to Vakil caravanserai, which opens into the market is decorated with tiles. This is the same from outside porch. One of the most valuable features of this caravanserai is its windshield Which has its own reputation and beauty. Another historical attraction is the clock tower which has a long history how it got to Iran.
# 1919 Toronto Argonauts season

The 1919 Toronto Argonauts season was the 33rd season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in second place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 3–3 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.

## Regular season
### Standings

Interprovincial Rugby Football Union :
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 71 | 51 | 8 |
| Toronto Argonauts | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 78 | 44 | 6 |
| Hamilton Tigers | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 78 | 91 | 6 |
| Ottawa Senators | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 42 | 83 | 4 |

### Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | Results |
| Game | Date | Opponent | Score | Record |
| 1 | Oct 4 | vs. Hamilton Tigers | W 30–11 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Oct 11 | at Ottawa Senators | L 1–8 | 1–1 |
| 3 | Oct 18 | at Montreal Winged Wheelers | W 4–3 | 2–1 |
| 4 | Oct 25 | vs. Montreal Winged Wheelers | L 6–12 | 2–2 |
| 5 | Nov 1 | at Hamilton Tigers | L 6–9 | 2–3 |
| 6 | Nov 8 | vs. Ottawa Senators | W 31–1 | 3–3 |
# Tricondylomimus coomani

Tricondylomimus coomani is the type species in its genus of praying mantids of the family Iridopterygidae.
# William Brooks Drew

William Brooks Drew (December 11, 1908 – December 14, 1997) was an American botanist and professor.

## Career

Drew received his B.S. degree from Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1930. He pursued an M.A. from Harvard University, which he received in 1931. He returned to Harvard and earned his Ph.D. in 1934.
Drew started working as an Assistant at the Gray Herbarium while attending Harvard. In 1933, he signed on as a botanist for Louise A. Boyd's expedition of Greenland. At some point, Drew fell sick and Boyd was required to continue collecting plant specimens.
He returned in 1934, taking professorships at the Cambridge School of Liberal Arts and at the American International College. In 1943, Drew took part in the Cinchona Missions in Ecuador to help gather quinine to treat malaria in the armed forces during WWII. In 1945, he was hired as an associate professor in the department of botany and plant pathology at Michigan State College. He was promoted to head of the department in 1948. He retired in 1976.

## Legacy

The William P. Brooks, William B. Drew and Shirley Upton-Drew Memorial Fund is a scholarship at the University of Massachusetts Amherst named partially in Drew's honor.
# Casa Deldra

Casa Deldra, also known as the Anderson House, is located at 35 Afterglow Way in the township of Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The house was designed by architect A.F. Norris and was built in 1912. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1988, for its significance in architecture. It was listed in the Montclair Architects section of the Historic Resources of Montclair Multiple Property Submission (MPS).
# Air Italy

Air Italy may refer to:
* Air Italy (2005–2018)
* Air Italy (2018–2020)
# Ceroplesis hottentotta

Ceroplesis hottentotta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is known from South Africa. It contains the variety Ceroplesis hottentotta var. disjuncta.
# Valdespino de Somoza

Valdespino de Somoza is a locality and minor local entity located in the municipality of Santiago Millas, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 94.

## Geography

Valdespino de Somoza is located 58km west-southwest of León, Spain.
# 1939–40 English National League season

The 1939–40 English National League season was the fifth season of the English National League, the top level ice hockey league in England. Five teams participated in the league, and the Harringay Greyhounds won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Harringay Greyhounds | 24 | 13 | 3 | 8 | 105:81 | 29 |
| 2. | Harringay Racers | 24 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 79:69 | 28 |
| 3. | Wembley Monarchs | 24 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 104:116 | 26 |
| 4. | Wembley Lions | 24 | 9 | 4 | 11 | 113:106 | 22 |
| 5. | Streatham | 24 | 6 | 3 | 15 | 68:117 | 5 |
# Sweeping jet actuators

Sweeping jet actuators are a type of active flow control technology based on fluidic oscillators used to produce sweeping jets. The first use of fluidic oscillators in the form of sweeping jets for flow control was demonstrated by Raman et al., 1999.<Cavity Resonance Suppression Using Miniature Fluidic Oscillators, G. Raman, S. Raghu and T.J. Bencic' AIAA-99-1900, 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Seattle, WA, May 10–12, 1999> and later by several authors working in the area of flow control. Many organizations have been working on the use of such actuators for flow control. Boeing, NASA and the University of Arizona Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, [Advanced Fluidics], Technische Universität Berlin are a few of them. They are slots built into the control surface of an airfoil that build on the same principles as that of blown flaps; that by actively blowing air over the surface of an airfoil the effective lift produced by it is increased.

## Mechanism

The impetus behind the research into sweeping jet actuators lies in the realization that any vertical tail structure on an aircraft is a parasitic surface in level flight. The design specification that must be met by the vertical stabilizer of any multi-engined aircraft is that it be able to produce enough lift to counteract any thrust asymmetry that would come as a result of engine failure during rotation (takeoff); but in any condition that is not an emergency or where a yaw moment is not desired the vertical stabilizer will only contribute added weight and drag to the aircraft.
The jet nozzles (located directly upstream of the hinge around which the rudder moves) eject a subsonic stream of air that flows over the rudder and act to retain or reattach the boundary layer to the control surface as it is deflected beyond the incidence angle where natural flow would separate, generating as much as a 30-percent increase in the effective lift produced by the rudder.

## History

As of January 2015 sweeping jet actuators have only seen experimental application and are not included as a design feature of any known aircraft.