OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solimar Beach

Solimar Beach is within western Ventura city, in Ventura County, California. It is a small Southern California beach and one of the few that still allows dogs on a leash.

## Location

Solimar Beach is located approximately one mile north of Emma Wood State Beach.
Solimar beach is the stretch of sand and ocean that lines the ocean front housing and extends southeast towards the city of Ventura. The southern portion of the beach is considered the "public beach" because the sand is accessible and there are no houses. To the north are two separate private gated residential communities. Solimar Beach Colony, the first of the two communities, is the first beach community north of the city of Ventura along the Pacific Coast Highway. Most of the time the tide is too high to completely walk the full stretch of the beach. Professional surfer and winner of MTV's Surf Girls, Mary Osbourne, is from Solimar.
"Soli" breaks well with a 3'+ southerly swell — conditions varying on the shape of the sandbar.
# Solimena

Solimena is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Angelo Solimena (1629–1716), Italian painter, father of Francesco
* Francesco Solimena (1657–1747), Italian painter
* Orazio Solimena (1690–1789), Italian painter
# Singular control

In optimal control, problems of singular control are problems that are difficult to solve because a straightforward application of Pontryagin's minimum principle fails to yield a complete solution. Only a few such problems have been solved, such as Merton's portfolio problem in financial economics or trajectory optimization in aeronautics. A more technical explanation follows.
The most common difficulty in applying Pontryagin's principle arises when the Hamiltonian depends linearly on the control $u$, i.e., is of the form: $H(u)=\phi (x,\lambda ,t)u+\cdots$ and the control is restricted to being between an upper and a lower bound: $a\leq u(t)\leq b$. To minimize $H(u)$, we need to make $u$ as big or as small as possible, depending on the sign of $\phi (x,\lambda ,t)$, specifically:
    $u(t)={\begin{cases}b,&\phi (x,\lambda ,t)<0\\?,&\phi (x,\lambda ,t)=0\\a,&\phi (x,\lambda ,t)>0.\end{cases}}$
If $\phi$ is positive at some times, negative at others and is only zero instantaneously, then the solution is straightforward and is a bang-bang control that switches from $b$ to $a$ at times when $\phi$ switches from negative to positive.
The case when $\phi$ remains at zero for a finite length of time $t_{1}\leq t\leq t_{2}$ is called the singular control case. Between $t_{1}$ and $t_{2}$ the maximization of the Hamiltonian with respect to $u$ gives us no useful information and the solution in that time interval is going to have to be found from other considerations. One approach is to repeatedly differentiate $\partial H/\partial u$ with respect to time until the control u again explicitly appears, though this is not guaranteed to happen eventually. One can then set that expression to zero and solve for u. This amounts to saying that between $t_{1}$ and $t_{2}$ the control $u$ is determined by the requirement that the singularity condition continues to hold. The resulting so-called singular arc, if it is optimal, will satisfy the Kelley condition:
    $(-1)^{k}{\frac {\partial }{\partial u}}\left[{\left({\frac {d}{dt}}\right)}^{2k}H_{u}\right]\geq 0,\,k=0,1,\cdots$
Others refer to this condition as the generalized Legendre–Clebsch condition.
The term bang-singular control refers to a control that has a bang-bang portion as well as a singular portion.
# Sonya Wilde

Sonya Wilde (born November 2, 1937) is an American former actress, best known for her starring role in the 1960 film I Passed for White. She started her career as Maria on Broadway with the original cast of West Side Story.

## Career

On Broadway, Wilde was an understudy and replacement in the role of Maria in West Side Story (1957).

## Selected filmography

* I Passed for White (1960)

## Selected television

* Bonanza (1960)
* Cheyenne (1960)
* The Americans (1961)
* Gunslinger (1961)
* Perry Mason (1961)
* Rawhide (1961) – White Deer in S4:E5, "The Lost Tribe"
* Death Valley Days (1960)

## Private life

In 1962, Wilde married the banker Jake Butcher, having met him on New Year's Eve 1961 on a blind date. He later became a politician, before spending seven years in prison for fraud. They had four children.
Following her husband's 1985 20-year jail term for bank fraud (he served seven years), Wilde went to court in 1986 to try to keep the family's $675,000 home in the exclusive Sweetwater Club subdivision just outside Orlando.
# Sonowal

Sonowal may refer to:
* Sonowal Kacharis, an ethnic group in Assam
* Sonowal khel, an artisan class of medieval Assam
* Jyotsna Sonowal, Indian politician
* Lohit Sonowal, Commando Battalion of Assam Police
* Naren Sonowal, Indian politician
* Sarbananda Sonowal, Indian politician
# Sioned

Sioned is a Welsh feminine given name. It may refer to:
* Sioned Harries (born 1989), Welsh rugby union player
* Sioned James (1974–2016), Welsh musician and choir conductor
* Sioned Wiliam (born 1962), Welsh comedy producer and executive
* Sioned Williams, Welsh politician

## In fiction

* Sioned [see: Characters of Dragon Prince], the Sunrunner "witch", a main character from Melanie Raun’s novels
# Soon After Silence

Soon After Silence is the sixth studio album from the Australian electronica artist Endorphin, released in 2007.

## Track listing

* "Lila"
* "Brooklyn"
* "Every Moment"
* "Soon After Silence"
* "Angels"
* "Gate 23"
* "Spring Interlude"
* "Point Blank"
* "Touch"
* "Night-time Butterfly"
* "Bastille"
* "Dawn"
* "Shibuya"
* "Glenrowan"
# Sir John Campbell, 1st Baronet

Sir John William Campbell, 1st Baronet, CB (1836–1915) was a major-general in the British Army who served in the Crimean War in 1855, in the China campaign in 1860 and in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1879–80. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1886. He was appointed 1st Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1855; his service in the Crimea in 1854-5 was "in the trenches with the siege train before Sebastopol," for which he was awarded a medal and clasp.
He was the eldest son of John Campbell, Lt Governor of St Vincent 1845–53, by his wife, Hannah Elizabeth Macleod, the daughter of James Macleod, Esq., of Rasay. He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1853. He married Catherine Lyona Sophia Cavie in 1867; they had one son, John Bruce Stuart, b. 1877, who succeeded him as baronet in 1915.
His claim to be Baronet of Campbell of Ardnamurchan was not officially recognised by the Standing Council of the Baronetage, but he was listed as the 8th baronet in contemporary peerages (particularly those that pre-date the existence of the SCB), so he apparently used the title socially. He was granted a new baronetcy as Campbell of Ardnamurchan, Argyll on 29 November 1913 with precedency of 1804. The earlier baronetcy was in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia; the second creation was in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
After the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1943 (while a prisoner in Palenbang Camp, Sumatra), no one put forward a claim to the baronetcy, and it is listed by the Standing Council of the Baronetage as dormant.
# Sinistrella

Sinistrella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks unassigned in the superfamily Conoidea.

## Species

Species within the genus Sinistrella include:
* Sinistrella sinistralis (Petit de la Saussaye, 1839)
# Sioux Chief PowerPEX 200 (Memphis)

The Sioux Chief PowerPEX 200 was an ARCA Menards Series race held annually at Memphis International Raceway in Millington, Tennessee. It serves as the finale of the Sioux Chief Short Track Showdown, and was formerly sanctioned by the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East.

## History

2017 was the first year that the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East raced at Memphis International Raceway. After spending three years under the K&N East banner, the race was sanctioned by the ARCA Menards Series for the first time in 2020.

## Past winners

| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Race distance | Race distance | Race time | Average speed (mph) |
| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Laps | Miles | Race time | Average speed (mph) |
| NASCAR K&N Pro Series East ||||||||||
| 2017 | June 3 | 12 | Harrison Burton | MDM Motorsports | Toyota | 125 | 93.8 (150.08) | 1:07:43 | 83.067 |
| 2018 | June 2 | 6 | Rubén García Jr. | Rev Racing | Toyota | 150 | 112.5 (181.051) | 1:12:18 | 93.361 |
| 2019 | June 1 | 4 | Chase Cabre | Rev Racing (2) | Toyota (3) | 150 | 112.5 (181.051) | 1:17:16 | 87.36 |
| ARCA Menards Series ||||||||||
| 2020 | September 26 | 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 200 | 150.0 (241.401) | 1:44:44 | 85.933 |
# Singapore Media Academy

The Singapore Media Academy (SMA) (Chinese: 新加坡传媒学院), a wholly owned subsidiary of Mediacorp, is a media continuing education and training (CET) centre for creative industries. Incorporated in November 2005, the Academy offers training, educational and consultancy services to address the needs of the local and regional media industries.

## Continuing Education and Training (CET) Centre

The Singapore Media Academy was appointed by the Singapore Workforce Development Agency (WDA) in October 2008 as a media continuing education and training (CET) centre to offer workforce skills qualifications (WSQ) training under the Creative Industries WSQ (CI WSQ) framework, which was developed to address manpower and training needs of the media industry in Singapore.
The Academy currently has a campus at Mediacorp Campus.
# Sir John Stuart, 4th Baronet

Sir John Stuart, 4th Baronet (born Wishart-Belsches; c. 1752 – 4 December 1821) was a Scottish MP in the Parliament of Great Britain. His adopted the surname Stuart in October 1797. He was MP for Kincardineshire between 1797–1806 and 1802-06 as Sir John Stuart.

## Biography

He was the only son of William Belsches, Esq., (by his wife and cousin Emilia, only surviving child of John Belsches, of Invermay, by his wife Mary Stuart (died 1807), 2nd daughter of Sir George Wishart, 1st Baronet, so created 17 June 1706, with remainder to the heirs of his body).
Stuart assumed the Wishart Baronetcy in 1777 in dubious circumstances on the death of his great-uncle, Sir William Stuart, 2nd Baronet after taking legal advice, although it was not disputed in his lifetime. He also assumed the surname of Stuart in lieu of Wishart-Belsches by Royal licence in October 1797. Now it is accepted that women can be baronets his mother is today considered to have rightfully been the 3rd Baronet even though her son was already using the title.
He was elected M.P. for Kincardineshire as above and became a Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland from 1807 until his death.
He married, on 9 November 1775, Lady Jane Leslie, the eldest daughter of David Melville, 6th Earl of Leven. She died on 28 October 1829. They had a daughter, Williamina Stuart (died 5 December 1810; married Sir William Forbes, 7th Baronet).
On his death with no heir the Wishart baronetcy of Clifton Hall, Edinburgh became dormant.
# Sipkhana

Sipkhana is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 2012 Nepal census it had a population of 10,000 people living in 1,200 individual households.
# Sona Charaipotra

Sona Charaipotra is an American entertainment and lifestyle journalist, screenwriter, and a bestselling author of young adult fiction. She was an editor at People, Parents.com, and other major media, and is best known for her YA lit column on Parade.com and her YA series Tiny Pretty Things.

## Early life

Charaipotra is Indian-American, born to two pediatrician parents. Despite family hopes of becoming a doctor, she chose to become a writer. She has two siblings.
Charaipotra attended Rutgers University with a double major in journalism and American studies. She earned a master's degree in dramatic writing and South Asian diaspora studies from NYU in 2006. In 2012, Charaipotra graduated with an MFA from The New School, where she studied creative writing in the Writing for Children program.
Sona Charaipotra has two kids. She is married to the author and professor Navdeep Singh Dhillon, who wrote the YA novel Sunny G's Series of Rash Decisions.

## Career

Aside from writing novels, she is a freelance journalist and editor for entertainment sites like The New York Times, Cosmopolitan, Bustle.com, Parade.com, Teen Vogue, Vulture.com, and other US media. Charaipotra made a name as a celebrity journalist for People and an editor at the now defunct TeenPeople. She has also been an editor for parenting publications like WhatToExpect.com and TheBump.com, and was the editor of the Barnes & Noble Teen Blog. She was a senior editor of Parents.com from 2021 to 2024.
In 2011, Charaipotra co-founded CAKE Literary, a "boutique book development company with a decidedly diverse bent", with her Tiny Pretty Things co-author Dhonielle Clayton. The two friends met at The New School at the beginning of their MFA and bonded over a shared feeling that they were unrepresented in children and YA books growing up and wanting to change that. They founded CAKE Literary on the belief that "rich, diversity-infused reads that are still compulsively readable — and very relatable" are possible. The company focuses on developing readable, high concept ideas to middle grade, YA, and women's fiction. In 2021, Clayton relaunched the company as Cake Creative.
Charaipotra was a founding board member of the South Asian Journalists Association and a board member of We Need Diverse Books, a non-profit organization focused on increasing diversity in book publishing.
She is also a working screenwriter, whose projects have been developed by MTV films.

## Selected works

Her solo debut, Symptoms of a Heartbreak, was inspired by shows like Doogie Howser, M.D. Charaipotra saw the novel as an opportunity to write a similar story with Indian protagonists. Her 2022 novel How Maya Got Fierce is based on her own experiences working as a woman of color in the New York magazine industry. The first season of a Netflix Original TV show based on Charaipotra's series Tiny Pretty Things, is set for release in October 2020.
# Soracá

Soracá is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Central Boyacá Province. Soracá borders the municipalities of Chivatá in the north, Siachoque, Viracacha and Ramiriquí in the east, Boyacá in the south and the department capital Tunja in the west.

## Etymology

In Chibcha, Soracá means "ruling mansion of the sovereign".

## History

The area of Soracá was part of the zacazgo of Hunza, presently known as Tunja in the time before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca. The Muisca inhabiting the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and their confederation were an advanced civilization who spoke Chibcha. In the 1530s the Spanish conquistadores led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada entered the territories of the Muisca.

## Economy

Main economical activities in Soracá are dairy production, mining and production of bricks.

## Born in Soracá

* Graciano Fonseca, professional cyclist

## Gallery

* View of Soracá
* Soracá
* Soracá
* Medical center
* Central park
* Rural part of Soracá
# Sinners and Saints (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Sinners and Saints is the third release by New York-based punk/glam rock band Toilet Böys.

## Track listing

* PHLY 2000 (2:04)
* Special (2:57)
* Blue Halo (3:31)
* Do or Die (3:17)
* Influence (2:59)
* Ride (3:00)
* Untitled (:24)
* Untitled (:25)
* Fairies Wear Boots (Black Sabbath cover) (5:41)
# Sositheus

Sositheus (Ancient Greek: Σωσίθεος, c. 280 BC), a Greek tragic poet from Alexandria Troas, was a member of the Alexandrian "pleiad".
He must have resided at some time in Athens, since Diogenes Laërtius tells us that he attacked the Stoic Cleanthes on the stage, and was hissed off by the audience. As the Suda also calls him a Syracusan, it is conjectured that he belonged to the literary circle at the court of Hiero II.
According to an epigram of Dioscorides in the Greek Anthology (Anth. Pal. vii.707) he restored the satyric drama in its original form. A considerable fragment is extant of his pastoral play Daphnis or Lityerses, in which the Sicilian shepherd, in search of his love Pimplea, is brought into connexion with the Phrygian reaper, son of Midas, who slew all who unsuccessfully competed with him in reaping his grain. Heracles came to the aid of Daphnis and slew Lityerses.
See Otto Crusius s.v. Lityerses in Röscher's Lexikon der griechischen and römischen Mythologie. The fragment of twenty-one lines in Nauck's Tragicorum graecorum fragmenta apparently contains the beginning of the drama. Two lines from another play titled Aethlius (probably the traditional first king of Elis, father of Endymion) are quoted by Stobaeus (Flor. li. 23).
# Sir William Ashburnham, 4th Baronet

Sir William Ashburnham, 4th Baronet (16 January 1710 – 4 September 1797) was a Church of England priest and also a baronet.

## Family

William Ashburnham was the son of Sir Charles Ashburnham, the 3rd baronet of Bromham, Guestling, Sussex. William succeeded to the title as 4th Baronet Ashburnham, on 3 October 1762. He married Margaret daughter of Thomas Pelham of Lewes, in Guestling and had a son William who became the M.P. for Hastings.

## Education

Ashburnham matriculated in 1728 and then went on to study at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he received a B.A. in 1732–1733.
William Ashburnham was elected a fellow of Corpus Christi in 1733–1735, received his M.A. (Lit. Reg. ) in 1739, and granted DD in 1749.

## Career

Ashburnham was ordained 1733 and appointed chaplain to the Royal Hospital Chelsea in 1741. The following year, 1742 he became Vicar of St Peter Bexhill, Sussex. He was made Dean of Chichester in 1742 and in 1743 canon residentiary of St Paul's Cathedral (a preferment he kept in commendam with the see). Then from 1754 he was Bishop of Chichester for 43 years till his death in 1797, one of the longest episcopates for the see of Chichester. Ashburnham was also rector of Guestling, 1743–1797.
During 1767, while Bishop of Chichester, Ashburnham was asked by the dean and chapter to reduce the number of professional adult male singers in the choir (known as lay vicars). The establishment had been for eight. Ashburnham issued statutes to reduce the number to four, their wages immediately being increased by dividing amongst them the stipend originally allotted to the whole body.
The current Chichester Cathedral choir has an establishment for six lay vicars.
William Ashburnham died 4 September 1797.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Sir William Ashburnham, 4th Baronet :
* CrestOut of a ducal coronet Or an ash tree Proper
* EscutcheonGules a fess between six mullets Argent
* MottoWill God, And I Shall
# Siobla

Siobla is a genus of insects belonging to the family Sioblinae.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Siobla:
* Siobla acutiscutella Wei & Nie, 1999
* Siobla acutiserrula Niu & Wei, 2010
* Siobla annulicornis Niu & Wei, 2010
* Siobla apicalis Takeuchi, 1929
* Siobla atra Malaise, 1945
* Siobla dian Niu & Wei
* Siobla femorata
* Siobla ferox (Smith, 1874) Smith, 1874
* Siobla formosana Takeuchi, 1927
* Siobla fulva Takeuchi, 1927
* Siobla fumipennis Malaise, 1945
* Siobla hirasana Takeuchi, 1929
* Siobla infuscata Saini, Singh, Singh & Singh, 1985
* Siobla insularis Malaise, 1945
* Siobla japonica Shinohara, Wei & Niu
* Siobla jiangi Niu & Wei
* Siobla jucunda (Mocsáry, 1909) Mocsary, 1909
* Siobla leucocincta Niu & Wei, 2010
* Siobla listoni Niu & Wei, 2012
* Siobla metallica Takeuchi, 1929
* Siobla nigricruris Lee & Ryu, 1996
* Siobla obtusiscutellata Niu & Wei
* Siobla parallela Niu & Wei
* Siobla pulchra Shinohara, Wei & Niu
* Siobla reticulatia Wei, 1998
* Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834)
* Siobla rufipes
* Siobla rufopropodea Wei, 1998
* Siobla semipicta Malaise, 1945
* Siobla sheni Wei, 2002
* Siobla spec Malaise, 1945
* Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817)
* Siobla szechuanica Malaise, 1934
* Siobla taiwanica Malaise, 1945
* Siobla takeuchii Shinohara, Wei & Niu, 2013
* Siobla turneri
* Siobla weiweii Niu & Wei
* Siobla weni Niu & Wei, 2010
* Siobla yunanensis
* Siobla zenaida (Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1930)
* Siobla zhangi Wei, 2005
* Siobla zuoae Wei, 2005
# Sjoerd Huisman

Sjoerd Huisman (19 June 1986 – 30 December 2013) was a Dutch speed skater who specialised in marathon speed skating.

## Career

Huisman made his debut in marathon speed skating in 2005 to become one of the best sprinters in the peloton. His biggest success was winning the Dutch championship on natural ice in 2009 at the Oostvaardersplassen. A year later Huisman won the Essent Cup and the Dutch Open at the Austrian Weissensee.
Huisman was also successful in inline skating. In 2010 he won the Dutch marathon championship.
In May 2011, Huisman was involved in a car accident after he blacked-out behind the wheel. Seven months later he returned to the peloton.

## Honours

* Dutch national marathon speed skating champion: 1 time
* Dutch national marathon inlineskating champion: 1 time

### Personal longtrack records

Personal records :
| Men's Speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 37.59 | 30 November 2008 | Hoorn | |
| 1000 m | 1:14.78 | 4 October 2009 | Heerenveen | |
| 1500 m | 1:53.69 | 25 November 2008 | Heerenveen | |
| 3000 m | 4:10.80 | 12 November 2004 | Heerenveen | |
| 5000 m | 7:44.06 | 15 February 2004 | Utrecht | |

## Personal life and death

His sister, Mariska Huisman, is one of the Netherlands' most successful female marathon speed skaters.
On 30 December 2013, Huisman died of cardiac arrest, aged only 27. He had finished only second to Arjan Stroetinga in one of his final races, on 22 December 2013.
# Sonora annulata

Sonora annulata, also known commonly as the Colorado Desert shovelnose snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northwestern Mexico. There are two recognized subspecies.

## Geographic range

In the United States, S. annulata is found in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California. In Mexico it is found in northeastern Baja California.

## Diet

S. annulata preys upon insects, scorpions, and lizards.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Sonora annulata annulata (Baird, 1859)
* Sonora annulata klauberi Stickel, 1941 – Tucson shovel-nosed snake
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Sonora.

## Etymology

The subspecific name, klauberi, is in honor of American herpetologist Laurence Monroe Klauber.
# Skirted hornsnail

The skirted hornsnail, scientific name Pleurocera pyrenella, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Skorpidi Lefkada

38°41′30″N 20°44′30″E﻿ / ﻿38.6917°N 20.7417°E﻿ / 38.6917; 20.7417
Scorpidi Lefkada (Greek: Σκορπίδι Λευκάδας) is a small island in the Ionian Sea just north of Scorpio. It belongs to the Televoes Islands cluster and the Prigiponisia (Lefkada) cluster. The island is now privately owned and 50% of it is owned by New Democracy member of the Parliament Spilios Livanos.
# Siuruanjoki

Siuruanjoki is a river of Finland. It is a most western notable tributary of the Iijoki.