OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Patrick Manning

Sir William Patrick Manning (18 November 1845 – 20 April 1915) was an Australian financier and politician.

## Early life

Manning was born at Darlinghurst, New South Wales, to baker John Manning and Margaret née Hourigan  On 8 August 1868 he married Honorah Torpy in Sydney, with whom he had three daughters and five sons.

## Business interests

He commenced working for an engineering firm, becoming chief accountant. The firm closed in the mid 1870s and he set up his own business as a public accountant and broker. He worked as a financier and had extensive business interests, including a director of the Sun Insurance Office from 1894, a director of the Citizens' Life Assurance Co from 1896 and chairman of the Australian Joint Stock Bank from 1911.

## Civic and political career

On 1 December 1887 he was elected an alderman for the Bourke Ward on the Sydney Municipal Council with a large majority, defeating John Young. He would serve on the council until 6 December 1900. In April 1891 Sydney Burdekin resigned as Mayor of Sydney to travel to Europe and Manning was unanimously elected to replace him. He served as Mayor until December 1894. During his time on council, he was a member of the Finance Committee, 1899–1900, the Electric Lighting Committee, 1895–1900 and the Disposal of Refuse Committee, 1895–98. He oversaw the remodelling of the Belmore Markets and played a major role in the construction of the Queen Victoria Market Building. He chaired the 1891 Royal Commission into Alleged Chinese Gambling and Immorality, and was also commissioner on three other occasions. He was noted for his management of the council during the financial crisis in 1893 and for assisting Premier Sir George Dibbs in drafting the Bank Issue Act of 1893.
He was a Protectionist candidate for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, district of East Sydney at the 1891 election, however he finished 5th with a margin of 705 votes (3.5%). He was successful at the 1893 by-election, winning with a margin of 23 votes (0.5%). Multi-member districts were abolished in 1894 and South Sydney was divided into 4 new districts, including Sydney-Phillip. Manning stood as the Protectionist candidate for Sydney-Phillip, however he was defeated at the 1894 election by 117 votes (7.7%). He was a strong advocate for Federation in his campaign for Woollahra at the 1898 election, however this did not result in electoral success, defeated by 174 votes (12.5%). He did not hold ministerial or party office.

## Death

Manning died at Rose Bay on 20 April 1915(1915-04-20) (aged 69). He was survived by his wife and eight children. The second son, Sir Henry, was a barrister and politician, while the fourth son, Frederic, was a writer.

## Honours

Manning was knighted on 15 February 1894, by reference to his service as Mayor of Sydney.
# Yumi Katsura

Yumi Katsura (桂 由美, Katsura Yumi, 24 April 1930 – 26 April 2024) was a Japanese fashion designer, who is best known for designing wedding dresses. She was active in the fashion industry for over five decades, and her work has been featured in various fashion shows and events. Katsura's designs are known for their unique blend of traditional Japanese techniques and French savoir-faire.

## Early life and career

Katsura was born on 24 April 1930 in Tokyo, Empire of Japan (now Japan). Her father, who was a government official in the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (now Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), and her mother, who founded the dressmaking school (currently Bunka Fashion College). As a child, she loved fairy tales and picture books, and even during the World War II, her mind was filled with world's princes on white horses and beautiful castles. Katsura studied fashion at Kyoritsu Women’s University. After schooling, she taught at her mother's dressmaking school. In 1960 she traveled to Paris to study at École de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne.
Katsura claimed to have created over 650,000 dresses over the course of her career. She has also been credited with popularizing the “everyday” kimono in Japan and around the world after the garment began losing popularity in the 1980s. She opened Japan's first bridal store in Akasaka, Tokyo, in December 1964. She built her flagship store in Nogizaka about ten years later. In her early days of designing, Katsura struggled with finding resources such as fabric, lace, and shoes for her designs.
Katsura named Pierre Balmain as one of her mentors and sources of inspiration. The two first met when he visited one of her stores in 1975. In 1981 Katsura participated in her first New York fashion show. Later that decade, in 1987, she established the Yumi Katsura Bridal Museum in Kobe, whose collection includes traditional European wedding dresses collected by Katsura. She opened boutiques in Paris and New York in 2005 and 2006 respectively.
Yumi Katsura designed the Easter vestments worn by Pope John Paul II in 1993.
In 2022, she designed a wedding gown using an ultra-fine silk from Fukushima, Japan. The dress used 55 meters of fabric but weighed only 600 grams.

### Exhibits

One of Katsura's dresses is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute, located in New York City. In 2018, Katsura became the first designer to exhibit her work at the Akasaka Palace.

### Books

Katsura published more than 20 books on bridal fashion. However, her only book available in English is Yumi Katsura: Behind the Scenes, released in 2019.

## Personal life and death

Katsura chose to wear a green velvet dress, rather than a traditional white wedding dress, to her own wedding.
Katsura died at her home in Tokyo, on 26 April 2024, just two days after her 94th birthday.

## Awards

Katsura holds the Guinness World Record for most pearls on a wedding dress: 13,262.
# Yumi Kim

Yumi Kim is a women's clothing line, created by American fashion designer Kim Phan in New York City, United States.

## History

Phan first launched Yumi Kim in 2004. She makes all of her clothes completely from silk.
In 2008, the first Yumi Kim flagship store opened on New York's Lower East Side at 105 Stanton St. In March 2009, Phan created the Yumi Kim online store. Her garments are featured in stores throughout the United States. In 2011, a second Yumi Kim flagship store opened New York's Upper East Side.
# William Knox

William Knox may refer to:

## Australia

* William Dunn Knox (1880–1945), Australian artist
* William Knox (Victorian politician) (1850–1913), Australian politician - House
* William Knox (Queensland politician) (1927–2001), Australian state politician - Legislative Assembly

## United Kingdom

* William Knox (Scottish poet) (1789–1825), Scottish poet and journalist
* William Knox D'Arcy (1849–1917), British entrepreneur
* William Knox (footballer, fl. 1927–1934), Scottish professional footballer
* William Knox (footballer, born 1904), Scottish professional footballer
* William Knox (MP) (1826–1900), MP for Dungannon
* William Knox (British Army officer) (1847–1916), British general
* William Knox (bishop) (1762–1831), Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora
* William Knox (artist) (1862–1935), British artist of marine paintings and scenes of Venice
* William Knox (cricketer) (1903–1954), Scottish cricketer
* Bill Knox (1928–1999), Scottish author
* Willie Knox (born 1937), Scottish professional footballer and manager

## United States

* Frank Knox (William Franklin Knox, 1874–1944), American Secretary of the Navy
* William F. Knox (1885–1975), American football player and coach and lawyer
* William Jacob Knox Jr., African-American chemist, worked on the Manhattan Project
* William J. Knox (1820–1867), California businessman and politician
* William Shadrach Knox (1843–1914), American congressman from Massachusetts
* William W. Knox (1911–1981), U.S. federal judge
# William Myles Knighton

William Myles Knighton CB (8 September 1931 – 7 April 2023) was a British senior civil servant.

## Biography

Born on 8 September 1931, William Myles Knighton was educated at Bedford School and at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was Principal Private Secretary to the Minister of Technology between 1966 and 1968, Assistant Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1967 and 1974, Under Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1974 and 1978, Deputy Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1978 and 1983, Deputy Secretary at the Department for Transport between 1983 and 1986, and Principal Establishment and Finance Officer at the Department of Trade and Industry between 1986 and 1991.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1981 New Year Honours.
Knighton died on 7 April 2023, at the age of 91.
# Yunkeracarus faini

Yunkeracarus faini is a species of mite belonging to the family Gastronyssidae. This tiny mite reaches a length of only 280 μm. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of long setae on the tarsi and around the anus. It has only been recorded from the nostrils of Peromyscus leucopus (the white-footed mouse) in Michigan state and even here appears to be a rather rare species.
# Yunlin County Government

The Yunlin County Government (traditional Chinese: 雲林縣政府; simplified Chinese: 云林县政府; pinyin: Yúnlín Xiàn Zhèngfǔ) is the local government of Yunlin County, Taiwan.

## Organizations
### Units

* Civil Affairs Department
* Finance Department
* Economic Affairs Department
* Public Works Department
* Education Department
* Agriculture Department
* Social Affairs Department
* Labor affairs Department
* Urban and Rural Development
* Land Administration Department
* Information Department
* Cultural Affairs Department
* General Affairs Department
* Planning Department
* Personnel Department
* Budget, Accounting and Statistics
* Civil Service Ethics Department
* Water Resources Department

### Subsidiaries

* Fire Safety Bureau
* Yunlin County Stadium
* Tax Collection Administration
* Police Bureau
* Environment Protection Bureau
* Health Bureau
* Domestic Animal Disease Control Laboratory
* Industrial Development and Investment Promotion Committee
* Procurement Center
* Family Education Center

## Building

The Yunlin County Government building consists of:
* Building No. 1
* Building No. 2
* Building No. 3
* Social Affairs
# Yvonne Bourgeois

Yvonne Bourgeois (6 May 1902 – 12 May 1983) was a French tennis player. She competed in the doubles event at the 1924 Summer Olympics with compatriot Marguerite Billout. They reached the semifinal in which they lost in straight sets to Phyllis Covell and Kathleen McKane. In the bronze medal match they lost to Dorothy Shepherd-Barron and Evelyn Colyer, also in straight sets.
In 1928 she competed in the Wimbledon Championships, reaching the second round in singles, the third round in doubles and the first round in mixed doubles.
# William Samson

William Byars Samson (born 1943, in Forfar) is a Scottish astronomer, academic, computer scientist and a researcher in the fields of Astronomy, Databases, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life.
Will Samson graduated with a degree in mathematics from University of St. Andrews in 1966. He earned his PhD in Astronomy in 1971 from the University of Edinburgh. In 1976, Samson went on to study at Heriot-Watt University where he obtained his MSc in Computer Science."

## Early years

William Samson's earliest fascination with the skies came when he was seven years old and his mother took him outside to point out great winter constellations like the Plough and Orion. Another inspiration was his music teacher at Forfar Academy, Willie Bernard, who took the class on a trip to the Mills Observatory. "He did that when he got fed up trying to teach us to sing."
Bill then aged 12 went back home with great fascination of the celestial constellations and built his first telescope using old spectacle lenses scrounged from an optician in Forfar, that he put into a cardboard tube. According to Samson, "It wasn’t wonderful, but good enough to see craters on the moon." He then went on to build his second and third telescopes from kits. The fourth one he built from scratch by grinding a disc of plate glass to make a mirror.

## Career

In 1971 he was appointed as the scientific officer at Home Office until 1973. In 1973, he became a lecturer of computer science at Dundee Institute of Technology for seven years. In 1980 he was appointed as the lecturer of computer science at the University of Stirling. Later he was appointed as the senior lecturer (1980–1982) and reader (1985–1997) in computing at the University of Abertay. In 1997, he was the acting head of School of Informatics at the Abertay University. From 1997 to 2002, he was a visiting fellow at the University of Abertay. He became the curator and the official astronomer at Mills Observatory in 2002 until his retirement on 13 March 2007.
Samson is currently the honorary reader in University of Abertay and honorary lecturer in engineering and physics at the University of Dundee from 2002. He is also noted as a research student supervisor and research degree external examiner. His publication includes 25 refereed journal articles and over 30 conference papers.

## Sources

* Astronomical Society of Edinburgh, Journal 45, Scottish Astronomy Weekend 2002
* Mills Observatory, Dundee City Council, Dundee City Archive
* Biography of Dr. William Samson, Mills Observatory, Dundee
# ZIC2

Zinc finger protein ZIC2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZIC2 gene. ZIC2 is a member of the Zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) protein family.

## Function

ZIC2 is classified as a ZIC protein due to conservation of the five C2H2 zinc fingers, which enables the protein to interact with DNA and proteins.

## Clinical significance

Correct function of these proteins is critical for early development, and as such mutations of the genes encoding these proteins is known to result in various congenital defects. For example, mutation of ZIC2 is known to result in holoprosencephaly due to defect in the function of the organizer region (node), which leads to a defective anterior notochord (ANC). The ANC provides a maintenance signal to the Prechordal plate (PCP), thus a defective ANC results in degradation of the PCP, which is normally responsible for sending a shh signal to the developing forebrain resulting in the formation of the two hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is the most common structural anomaly of the human forebrain.
Recently ZIC2 has also been shown to be critical for establishment of the left-right axis, thus loss of ZIC2 function can result in defects in heart formation. Another member of the ZIC family, ZIC3, has previously been linked to establishment of the left-right axis.
A polyhistidine tract polymorphism in this gene may be associated with increased risk of neural tube defects (spina bifida). This gene is closely linked to a gene encoding ZIC5, a related family member on chromosome 13.

## Interactions

ZIC2 has recently been found to interact with TCF7L2, enabling it to act as a Wnt/β-catenin signalling inhibitor. Such a role is of critical importance, as not only is correct Wnt signalling critical for early development, Wnt signalling has also been found to be upregulated to several cancers. ZIC2 has also been shown to interact with GLI3.
# Zadeh

Zadeh (also Zade) (Persian: زاده) is a Persian patronymic suffix meaning 'descendant of' or 'born of' used in names mainly in Iran and Azerbaijan.
Notable people whose names contain 'Zadeh' include:
* Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh (1812–1878), Azerbaijani author, playwright, and philosopher
* Franghiz Ali-Zadeh (born 1947), Soviet and Azerbaijani composer and pianist
* Rafael Amen-Zadeh (born 1943), Soviet and Azerbaijani mathematician and physicist
* Masoud Hashemzadeh (born 1981), Iranian wrestler
* T. J. Houshmandzadeh (born 1977), American NFL football player
* Jalil Mammadguluzadeh (1866–1932), Azerbaijani satirist and writer
* Aziza Mustafazadeh (born 1969), Soviet and Azerbaijani singer, pianist, and composer
* Vagif Mustafazadeh (1940–1979), Azerbaijani jazz pianist and composer
* Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh (born 1942), Iranian and German philosopher of medicine
* Ilya Salmanzadeh (born 1986), Swedish music producer
* Aysel Teymurzadeh (born 1989), Azerbaijani singer
# Zalaszentgrót

Zalaszentgrót is a town in Zala County, Hungary. The settlement incorporates the suburbs Kisszentgrót, Tüskeszentpéter, Csáford, Zalakoppány, Zalaudvarnok and Aranyod.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Zalaszentgrót is twinned with:
* Germersheim, Germany
# Zalaszentjakab

Zalaszentjakab is a village in Zala County, Hungary.
# Zalaszentlőrinc

Zalaszentlőrinc is a village in Zala County, Hungary. The Sárvíz passes the village shortly before flowing into the Zala river.
# Zamfara State lead poisoning outbreak

A series of lead poisonings in Zamfara State, Nigeria, led to the deaths of at least 163 people between March and June 2010, including 111 children. Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health figures, state the discovery of 355 cases with 46 percent proving fatal. It was one of the many lead poisoning epidemics with low and middle income countries. By 2022, Médecins Sans Frontières stated that conditions had greatly improved after years of a lead poisoning intervention programme.

## Findings

An annual immunization programme in Northern Nigeria led to the discovery of a high number of child deaths in the area. An investigation showed that they had been digging for gold at the times of their deaths, in an area where lead is prevalent. It was thought by the villagers that all the children had contracted malaria but Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) found unusually high levels of lead in the blood during tests. The BBC suggested the contamination of water may have contributed to the high mortality rate. Blacksmith Institute (renamed Pure Earth) was called in by the Nigerian authorities to assist in the removal of toxic lead.
It is thought that the poisonings were caused by the illegal extraction of ore by villagers, who take crushed rock home with them to extract. This results in the soil being contaminated from lead which then poisons people through hand-to-mouth contamination. Others have been contaminated by contact with contaminated tools and water.

## Actions

In an effort to halt the epidemic, the authorities are clamping down on illegal mining and carrying out a clean-up of the area. The number of cases has fallen since April when illegal mining in the area was halted, and some of the residents were evacuated. Education on health and the dangers of lead mining is also being given to local people. It is hoped that the clean-up can be completed prior to the start of the rainy season in July, which will spread contaminants, though it is being hampered by the remoteness of the villages and Muslim restrictions preventing men from entering some compounds.
Those who died came from several villages. Five villages in the Local Government Areas of Anka and Bungudu were affected.

## Treatment

Two treatment camps were established by health authorities to deal with the crisis. The World Health Organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, and the Blacksmith Institute assisted with the epidemic. Federal health ministry epidemiologist Henry Akpan said: "We are working with the state ministry of health to give health education and create enlightenment on the dangers of illegal mining". Nigeria's chief epidemiologist Dr. Henry Akpan announced the discovery of the epidemic on 4 June 2010. Blacksmith has been removing toxic lead from houses and compounds in the villages, so that surviving children returning from treatment will not be re-exposed to toxic lead in their homes. The dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) chelation therapy deployed to 3,180 children by MSF is associated with a substantial reduction in the mortality rate of observed and potential lead poisoning cases.
# Zaniolepis frenata

Zaniolepis frenata, also known as the shortspine combfish, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zaniolepididae.The species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Zaniolepis frenata was first formally described in 1889 by the American ichthyologists Carl H. Eigenmann and Rosa Smith Eigenmann with its type locality given as Cortes Bank off San Diego, California. The specific name, frenata, means "bridled". The Eigenmanns did not explain this allusion but they were probably referring the diagonal dark band running through the eye.

## Description

Zaniolepis frenata has an elongated, slender and compressed body. The background color is tan or pink on the upper body broken by with darker, rather ill-defined markings, fading to white on the underside. In life they have a row of dark saddle-like markings along the back and a variety of blotches and spots on the flanks with a diagonal dark bar through the eye. They have a long anal fin which has a broad dark stripeand a white edge. The caudal fin is dark brown in color with a yellow at the base and margin. The first dorsal fin is pale marked with three series of dark spots, at the base, in the middle and near the margin. The pectoral and pelvic fins have a are dark brown in the middle and yellow or white at their edge. They have a relatively short head which has a sharply pointed snout. The small mouth is terminal and the eyes are set high on the head. The first dorsal fin has 21 spines while the second has 11 or 12 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 15 or 16 soft rays. The body is covered in rough scales and the lateral line is placed high on the body. This species reaches a maximum total length of 25 cm (9.8 in).

## Distribution and habitat

Zaniolepis frenata is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean where it is found off the coasts of southern Oregon to central Baja California. It lives a benthic lifestyle over mud, cobble, and pebble bottoms, usually at depths of 55 to 244 meters, although some individuals have been found in depths from 4 to 450 m (13 to 1,476 ft).

## Ecology

Zaniolepis frenata feeds on amphipods, copepods, krill, isopods, polychaetes, shrimps, and fish eggs. The species is preyed upon by sea birds, sea lions, and other species of fish. Females can lay as much as 800 to 1,000 eggs annually. Parasites of the species include Hamaticolax prolixus, Haliotrema zebrasoma, Haliotrema parahaliotremata and Hysterolecithoides sebrasomatis.

## Utilization

Zaniolepis frenata, which has been recorded as a source of food for the Native American inhabitants of San Nicolas Island off the coast of Southern California during the Middle Holocene.
# Zarela

Zarela is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Zarela Martínez, Mexican-American restaurateur and cookbook author
* Zarela Villanueva Monge (born 1952), Costa Rican magistrate
# Zainal Abidin

Zayn al-Abidin (also spelled Zeynel Abidin, Zainal Abidin or Zeynelabidin) may refer to:
* Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (657–713), great-grandson of Muhammad
* Zain-ul-Abidin (reigned 1420–1470), Eighth Sultan of Kashmir
* Mohd Zaiza Zainal Abidin (born 1986), Malaysian footballer
* Zainal Abidin (governor), former Governor of North Sumatra
* Zainal Abidin of Ternate (reigned 1486–1500), first Sultan of Ternate
* Zainal Abidin III of Terengganu (1866–1918), Monarch of Terengganu
* Zainal Abidin Abdul Malik (1967–1996), Singaporean murderer
* Zayn al-Abidin bin Ali (1936–2019), second president of Tunisia
* Zainal Abidin Ahmad (politician) (1939–2010), Malaysian politician
* Zainal Abidin Ahmad (writer) (1895–1973), Malaysian writer
* Zainal Abidin (actor) (1928–2000), Indonesian actor
* Zaynolabideen Ghorbani (born 1933), Iranian Shia cleric
* Zeynel Abidin Erdem (born 1944), Turkish business tycoon
* Zeynelabidîn Zinar (born 1953), Kurdish writer and researcher
* Zainal Abidin Hassan (born 1963), Malaysian footballer
* Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (born 1962), Sultan of Terengganu, Malaysia
* Zulfadli Zainal Abidin (born 1988), Singaporean footballer
* Zayn al-Abidin Razavi Khorram [fa], Iranian politician
* Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala (1913–1994), Indian businessman
* Zainulabedin Ismail Hamdulay (born 1970), Indian cardiac surgeon
# Zachrašťany

Zachrašťany is a municipality and village in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.