OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Association for Legalizing American Lotteries

The Association for Legalizing American Lotteries was an illegal lottery disguised as an organization in 1936.

## History

Thomas George Lanphier, Sr. was president. They organized the Grand National Treasure Hunt and sold tickets for $1 disguised as "applications for membership" to circumvent the prohibition on lotteries. The prize for their third lottery was $37,500 (approximately $823,000 today). The United States Post Office charged them with fraud in 1936, the case was appealed in Association for Legalizing American Lotteries v. Goldman, 85 F.2d 67 (United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 1936) and was decided against the association on July 17, 1936.
# Stigmella rhomboivora

Stigmella rhomboivora is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Åke Gustafsson in 1985. It is found in Gambia.
The larvae feed on Triumfetta rhomboidea. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Simple Pleasures (Bobby McFerrin album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Village Voice | B− |
Simple Pleasures is the fourth studio album by American singer and musician Bobby McFerrin, released in 1988 by Manhattan Records.
The album was McFerrin's commercial breakthrough and contained the hit single "Don't Worry, Be Happy". The song was featured in the film Cocktail and peaked at No. 1 for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100. "Don't Worry, Be Happy" won the 1988 Grammy Awards for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.
Simple Pleasures spent 55 weeks on the Billboard 200 in the U.S., peaking at No. 5. On September 26, 1988, the album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.
The album features unaccompanied a cappella singing, with all parts performed exclusively by McFerrin via overdubbing.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bobby McFerrin, except where noted.

## Personnel

* Bobby McFerrin – all vocals

### Technical

* Linda Goldstein – co-producer
* Bobby McFerrin – co-producer
* Chris Tergesen – engineer
* Gary Solomon – assistant engineer
* Matthew La Monica – assistant engineer
* Don Rodenbach – assistant engineer
* Dave Luke – assistant engineer
* Jack Skinner – mastering
* Henry Marquez – art direction
* Carol Friedman – photography

## Certifications

Certifications for Simple Pleasures :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 25,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Tegkwitz

Tegkwitz is a former municipality in the district Altenburger Land, in Thuringia, Germany. It was incorporated into Starkenberg on 1 December 2008.
* This Altenburger Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sarah Kambe Holland

Sarah Kambe Holland (born 4 July 1997) is a queer Asian American film director, screenwriter, and actress. She received the Best Directing Award from the Women Making a Scene International Film Project in 2019. She wrote, produced, and directed Egghead & Twinkie (2023).

## Early life and education

Sarah Kambe Holland was raised in Fukuoka, Japan as well as Austin, Texas. She graduated with a BFA and then an MFA in Film at the University of Central Florida.

## Career

While studying at the University of Central Florida, Holland directed a number of short films, including In Bloom and Lady Bikers of Kolkata. In 2019, she introduced her short film Egghead & Twinkie, which won the grand prize at the 2020 Vibrant Media Productions Film Festival. This short film was then expanded into a feature of the same title. Holland obtained funding for Egghead & Twinkie (2023) on TikTok, the first feature film to successfully crowdfund on the platform.
# Wildseed Farms

Wildseed Farms is a wildflower farm near Fredericksburg, Texas, United States. It is the largest working wildflower farm in the country. The farm won the Garden Center 2001 Innovator award.

## History

The farm opened in 1983 in Eagle Lake as a seed producer and initially only allowed the public to visit in April of every year. These visit days proved to be extremely popular, so much so that the owners, John and Marilyn Thomas, decided to relocate to a more accessible location. In 1995, they purchased the plot on Texas State Highway 290. Development for a retail facility and visitor center was completed in 1997. Because the farm is located near Fredericksburg, a town that has a 19th-century feel to it, the main buildings of the farm were also constructed to match the decor of the town.

## Revenue and operations

Wildseed Farms does about $4 million in sales each year, with approximately $1.5 million coming from the retail facility, which can see roughly 100,000 visitors between March and May of each year. Besides plant sales, the farm also has a butterfly area and hosts live concerts and other attractions.
# S v Rabie

S v Rabie is an important case in South African law, heard in the Appellate Division on 12 September 1975, with judgment handed down on 23 September. The presiding officers were Holmes JA, Corbett JA and Kotzé AJA. The case is significant primarily in the area of sentencing, with its determination that the punishment should
* fit the criminal as well as the crime;
* be fair to society; and
* be blended with a measure of mercy according to the circumstances.
The court held that in every appeal against a sentence, whether imposed by a magistrate or a Judge, the Court hearing the appeal
* should be guided by the principle that punishment is "pre-eminently a matter for the discretion of the trial Court"; and
* should be careful not to erode such discretion; hence the further principle that the sentence should only be altered if the discretion has not been "judicially and properly exercised."
The test under the second of these points is whether the sentence is vitiated by irregularity or misdirection or is disturbingly inappropriate.

## Facts

The appellant had been convicted on nineteen counts of fraud, which had been taken together for the purposes of sentence, the appellant having been sentenced to
* a fine of R5 000; and
* imprisonment for three years, of which two years had been suspended on relevant conditions.
In addition he had been convicted and fined on three counts of overcharging.
In an appeal against the sentence on the nineteen counts of fraud, it was contended that they amounted substantially to the same offence of overcharging in contravention of the Rents Act, for which the appellant had merely been fined on the other three counts on which he had been convicted.

## Judgment

The Court, however, found that the fraud was intended to be and was a cover-up for the unlawful overcharging of rents, and held that there was no basis for appellate interference with the trial Judge's sentence. The Appellate Division did not have an overriding discretion to ameliorate the sentences of trial Courts. The discretion was pre-eminently theirs, alterable only on the grounds mentioned above. The appeal was accordingly dismissed.
# Bruno Maag

Bruno Maag (born 1962) is a Swiss type designer and founder of type design company Dalton Maag.
Maag began his career with an apprenticeship as a typesetter for the Tages Anzeiger, Switzerland's largest daily paper. This led him to study Visual Communication at Basel School of Design. During a work experience placement at Stempel, he met Rene Kerfante who later moved to Monotype and then invited him to join him there. He worked for Monotype both in the UK and in the USA, where he designed fonts for The New Yorker.
He established Dalton Maag in London in 1991.
He is renowned in the typographic community for his strong dislike of the typeface Helvetica.

## Typefaces

Maag has designed several typefaces as part of his design work at Dalton Maag: Aktiv Grotesk, Co, Dedica, Elevon, InterFace, Plume, Royalty, Stroudley and Viato.
# Ramnefjellsfossen

Ramnefjellsfossen (also known as: Utigardsfossen or Utigordsfossen) is unofficially listed as the third-highest waterfall in the world in several publications. On the other hand, The World Waterfall Database, a waterfall enthusiast website, which includes all minor and seasonal waterfalls in the country, lists it as eleventh-tallest. The falls are located on the mountain, Ramnefjellet, in the municipality of Stryn in Vestland county, Norway–about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the villages of Loen and Olden.
The tiered horsetail waterfall has four drops measuring 818 metres (2,684 ft), with the longest single drop measuring 405 metres (1,329 ft). The average width of the falls are 15 metres (49 ft) over the 457 metres (1,499 ft) long run from top to bottom. The average flow of the falls are 1 cubic metre per second (35 cu ft/s), with the best flow in the summer.
The falls are fed by the Ramnefjellbreen glacier, an arm of the great Jostedalsbreen glacier. After the falls, the water flows into the lake Lovatnet. The falls are easily reached by boat, sea plane, or road, and a campsite is located within hiking distance of the base of the falls. The total drop is 818 metres (2,684 ft) from three free-leaping cascades. Due to the small flow of water it is one of the few major waterfalls in Norway that has not been slated for hydroelectric usage.
The mountain, Ramnefjellet, has killed over 100 people as a result of major landslides in 1905 and 1936. A 2008 photograph of the falls taken from Lovatnet lake was included in the Emirates "Skywards" brochure.
# Silvestru Morariu-Andrievici

Silvestru Morariu-Andrievici (born Samuil Morariu; November 26 [O.S. November 14] 1818–April 15 [O.S. April 3] 1895) was an ethnic Romanian Orthodox cleric in the Duchy of Bukovina, in Austria-Hungary. From 1880 until his death, he served as Metropolitan of Bukovina and Dalmatia.
Born in Mitocu Dragomirnei, north of Suceava, his father Gherasim was the local parish priest, while his mother Zamfira (née Grigorovici) was the daughter of another priest from the same village. A school principal replaced his original surname with the Ukrainian-sounding Andrievici, for purposes of de-nationalization; the authorities restored Morariu upon his request in 1871. After attending primary school in his native village and in Suceava, he went to high school and university at the Cernăuți theological institute, graduating with high honors in 1843. He was a priest at Ceahor (1843-1862), an adviser to the archbishop's council at Cernăuți (1862-1880). He showed great skill as a professor at the diocesan seminary there. He became a monk after his wife's death in 1873, taking the name Silvestru. He rose to the rank of archimandrite and, in 1877, general vicar of the archdiocese. In 1880, Morariu was elected archbishop of Cernăuți and metropolitan of Bukovina and Dalmatia; his consecration took place in Vienna that April. He was an ex officio member of the Diet of Bukovina and the House of Deputies.
While in office, Morariu campaigned for the preservation of ecclesiastical autonomy and for the rights of the province's Romanians. He encouraged the 1889 establishment of Academia Ortodoxă, a society of theology students. He sponsored the painting of the cathedral, and was a patron of the arts. In 1881, he approved the establishment of Armonia Musical Society, which disseminated folk music. He helped expand the network of Romanian-language village schools and ensured their endowment with textbooks. He edited a series of widely circulated textbooks on reading, religion and arithmetic, making him the first author of Romanian textbooks and pedagogical manuals for primary schools in Bukovina. He established the first Romanian press in the province (later named after him) and the church magazine Candela. He was among the first Bukovina Romanians to write sonnets (of which he published four) and fables (Cucoșul curcănit, “The Turkeyed Rooster”). He pushed for the use of Romanian in the Diet. In an 1879 work of church music, he was an early adopter of linear note transcription. He died in Cernăuți.
# Silian, Ceredigion

Silian, originally Sulien, is a village in the valley of the River Teifi, Ceredigion, Wales. It is located approximately two miles north-west of Lampeter, on a minor road connecting Pont Creuddun on the A482, and Glan Denys on the A485.
In January 2014, permission was granted for a wind turbine in Silian, in the face of strong local opposition. The county council, deciding a site visit for an area that is home to rare red kite birds was not required, were enthusiastic to help "secure local business." Alarmed at the proliferation of successful applications for wind turbines throughout the county, one councillor at the planning meeting was moved to declare "we are in danger of turning all of Ceredigion into a giant wind farm."
Silian is also the name of the parish, which takes its name from Saint Sulien, to whom the village church is consecrated. Bethel Chapel was built in Silian in 1654, and renovated in 1952.
Julian Cayo-Evans (1937–1995), the Welsh nationalist and leader of the Free Wales Army, was born in Silian.
Silian Halt was on the Lampeter, Aberayron and New Quay Light Railway, opening in 1911 and closing to passengers in 1951.
A local Welsh language paper, Llais Aeron, covers the area. Self-catering accommodation and B&Bs are available in the village, which is conveniently situated for visiting the towns of Lampeter, Aberaeron and Aberystwyth.
Ownership of the 1856 school, which closed in 1976, has since been a cause of legal contention. Villagers were proposing to buy the premises for redevelopment as a community resource centre. The building was sold at auction in 2016 to a private buyer. More bad news was to follow when the church no longer had the support of the local Canon, who gave the casting vote effectively ending 1,500 years of worship after insurers requested that structural repairs be carried out.
Close to Silian is Falcondale Lake, a haven for wildlife and, until relatively recently, a Site of Special Scientific Interest. A small stream drains from the lake, passing under the A482 before joining Nant Creuddyn and then the Afon Teifi. Many species of birds and butterflies can be seen around the lake, some of which come from Deri-goch Wood, immediately to the north west. Deri-goch Wood, under protection from Natural Resources Wales (NRW), is also teeming with wildlife and a number of interesting plants, having recovered from being the dumping ground of a local farmer's slurry over a number of years.
# Slobodan Petrović (footballer)

Slobodan Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Петровић; born 2 October 1948) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
He was also known as Dane Petrović.

## Biography

Petrović was born in Belgrade on 2 October 1948. He became a member of the pioneer team of Partizan at the age of six where he was coached by Florijan Matekalo. He has a brother, Miodrag, who also played for Partizan. At the age of seventeen, he made his debut for the first team of Partizan against Radnički in Niš. He played a total of 209 matches for the club. He continued his career in Nürnberg, for which he played about 400 matches overall in seven seasons and was the first foreign captain of a German team.
After the end of his playing career, he went into business and owns and operates a chicken farm.
# Simon Wright (politician)

Simon James Wright (born 15 September 1979) is a former British Liberal Democrat politician, who served as the Member of Parliament for Norwich South from 2010 to 2015. Wright defeated frontbench incumbent Charles Clarke (Labour), winning 29.7% of the votes and a narrow majority of 310 votes. He is now chief executive officer of a Norfolk-based charity, Nelson's Journey.

## Early life

Wright was educated at Dereham Neatherd High School. He attended Imperial College London, receiving a BSc in Maths, and King's College London, receiving a PGCE. He has worked as a maths teacher at Alderman Peel High School in Wells-next-the-Sea in North Norfolk.

## Political career

Wright was elected as a councillor for the Lancaster North ward (Fakenham) on North Norfolk District Council in 2003. Wright achieved the second-highest percentage of the vote of two seats available in the poll behind Cllr Nich Starling (LD).
Later that year, Wright quit his job as a teacher to become campaigns officer for Norman Lamb, Liberal Democrat MP for North Norfolk. In 2005, Wright oversaw Norman Lamb's successful re-election campaign in North Norfolk, which increased his majority from 483 votes to 10,606.
Wright stepped down as campaigns officer in 2007 to devote himself full-time to being the Liberal Democrat prospective parliamentary candidate for Norwich South.
Wright's first parliamentary appointment saw him appointed to the Environmental Audit Select Committee in July 2010.
He lost his seat at the 2015 general election, when he finished in fourth place behind the Green, Conservative and Labour Party candidates.

## Personal life

Simon Wright worked as campaigns officer for Norman Lamb MP. The member of staff whom Wright replaced in that role became his wife in 2006.
After losing his parliamentary seat in 2015, Simon became chief executive officer of a children's bereavement charity called Nelson's Journey in Norfolk in June 2016.
In 2019 Simon got re-married to fellow runner Anna Thorpe, making headlines for taking part in the weekly parkrun with other guests before the ceremony.
# Simon Marples

Simon Marples (born 30 July 1975 in Sheffield) is an English former football defender.
Marples was on the books of Sheffield Wednesday and Rotherham United as a youngster. He then joined non-league side Stocksbridge Park Steels in 1994, working his way into the first team after impressive performances in the reserves.
In 1999 Marples moved to Doncaster Rovers for £12,000, which remains a club record fee received for a Stocksbridge player. Marples impressed so much in his early weeks at the club that he attracted interest from Premier League clubs, with Rovers valuing him at more than £200,000.
Maples stayed with Rovers and was part of the teams that won the Football Conference playoffs and the Division 3 championship in successive seasons from 2003 to 2004.
He signed for Chester in the summer of 2006 on a free transfer and over the next two years would again fail to find the net in more than 50 first–team appearances. In March 2008 he was placed on 'gardening leave' at Chester, believed to be following a dispute over his non-selection in the team. He did not play for the club again and was released at the end of the season.
# Simona Suriano

Simona Suriano is an Italian politician. She was elected to be a deputy to the Parliament of Italy in the 2018 Italian general election for the Legislature XVIII of Italy.

## Career

Suriano was born on 1 July 1978 in Catania.
She was elected to the Italian Parliament in the 2018 Italian general election, to represent the district of Sicily 2 for the Five Star Movement.
# Silvia Balletti

Zanetta Rosa Benozzi Balletti (27 June 1701, in Toulouse – 16 September 1758), known under her stage name Silvia Balletti, was an Italian actress. She was active at the Troupe de Regente of Luigi Riccoboni at the Comédie-Italienne in Paris 1716–1758. She was the star of the Italian theatre in Paris and regarded as a superior interpreter of the plays by Pierre de Marivaux. She mainly played the part of heroine in Commedia dell'arte, Silvia. Casanova belonged to her admirers.

## Life

Silvia Balletti was born to the Italian actors Giuseppe Tortoriti (Pascariello), Antonio Benozzi and Clara Mascara, who belonged to a Venetian theatre company active in Toulouse since the banishment of the Comédie Italienne from Paris in 1697. In 1716, she belonged to the first actors engaged when the Comedie Italienne was reestablished in Paris. Her career up to that point is not known, but it is presumed that she must have had experience, since she would not otherwise have been hired to take part in the opening performance before the regent of 18 May 1716. She made a success, and became the theater's star in heroine parts.
In 1720, she began a long co-operation with Pierre de Marivaux, who wrote numerous plays for her in which she celebrated triumphs on stage. Among her celebrated parts were the main parts i Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard (1730), L'amante difficile (1731), Le Je ne sais quoi (1731), L'École des mères (1732), Arlequin apprenti philosophe (1733). Until his death in 1739, she mainly acted opposite Tommaso Visentini, thereafter opposite Antonio Costantini. Though she eventually replaced the parts as heroine for mother-roles, she remained one of the most celebrated actors of Paris until her retirement, and was in 1754 still referred to as a renowned perfect actor.
Silvia Balletti retired in February 1758, shortly before her death.
In 1720, she married her cousin Giuseppe Balletti, who was her co-actor in hero-parts. In 1750, she met Casanova, who was the friend of her son Antonio Stefano Balletti and courted her daughter Manon.
# Soa Chiefdom

Soa Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Kono District of Sierra Leone. Its capital is Kainkordu.
# Simon model

In applied probability theory, the Simon model is a class of stochastic models that results in a power-law distribution function. It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon to account for the wide range of empirical distributions following a power-law. It models the dynamics of a system of elements with associated counters (e.g., words and their frequencies in texts, or nodes in a network and their connectivity $k$). In this model the dynamics of the system is based on constant growth via addition of new elements (new instances of words) as well as incrementing the counters (new occurrences of a word) at a rate proportional to their current values.

## Description

To model this type of network growth as described above, Bornholdt and Ebel considered a network with $n$ nodes, and each node with connectivities $k_{i}$, $i=1,\ldots ,n$. These nodes form classes $[k]$ of $f(k)$ nodes with identical connectivity $k$. Repeat the following steps:
(i) With probability $\alpha$ add a new node and attach a link to it from an arbitrarily chosen node.
(ii) With probability $1-\alpha$ add one link from an arbitrary node to a node $j$ of class $[k]$ chosen with a probability proportional to $kf(k)$.
For this stochastic process, Simon found a stationary solution exhibiting power-law scaling, $P(k)\propto k^{-\gamma }$, with exponent $\gamma =1+{\frac {1}{1-\alpha }}.$

## Properties

(i) Barabási-Albert (BA) model can be mapped to the subclass $\alpha =1/2$ of Simon's model, when using the simpler probability for a node being connected to another node $i$ with connectivity $k_{i}$ $P(\mathrm {new\ link\ to\ } i)\propto k_{i}$ (same as the preferential attachment at BA model). In other words, the Simon model describes a general class of stochastic processes that can result in a scale-free network, appropriate to capture Pareto and Zipf's laws.
(ii) The only free parameter of the model $\alpha$ reflects the relative growth of number of nodes versus the number of links. In general $\alpha$ has small values; therefore, the scaling exponents can be predicted to be $\gamma \approx 2$. For instance, Bornholdt and Ebel studied the linking dynamics of World Wide Web, and predicted the scaling exponent as $\gamma \approx 2.1$, which was consistent with observation.
(iii) The interest in the scale-free model comes from its ability to describe the topology of complex networks. The Simon model does not have an underlying network structure, as it was designed to describe events whose frequency follows a power-law. Thus network measures going beyond the degree distribution such as the average path length, spectral properties, and clustering coefficient, cannot be obtained from this mapping.
The Simon model is related to generalized scale-free models with growth and preferential attachment properties. For more reference, see.