OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thompson v London, Midland and Scottish Rly Co

Thompson v London, Midland and Scottish Railway Co Ltd [1930] 1 KB 41 is an English contract law case, concerning the exclusion of liability. It was described by Lord Denning MR in George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd as part of "a bleak winter for our law of contract." Although the same decision would not be reached today because of the application of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, English courts continue to assess on an objective basis whether reasonable notice has been given of terms and conditions so as to incorporate them in the contract.

## Facts

Mrs Thompson slipped on a ramp while disembarking a train operated by London, Midland and Scottish Railway at 10pm, from Manchester to Darwen, and was injured. The train had pulled up just past the platform, and so the ramp she stepped out on was slippery. A special jury found the railway to have been negligent, and so Mrs Thompson sought damages for personal injury. She had been given an excursion ticket by her niece, which said "Excursion. For conditions see back" which in turn referred to the Railway's timetables and excursion bills. The timetables could be bought for sixpence said the tickets were issued on condition that holders "shall have no rights of action against the company ... in respect of ... injury (fatal or otherwise) ... however caused." A jury found that the company had not taken reasonable steps to bring the conditions to the notice of Mrs Thompson and awarded damages. But then the judge, as a matter of law, held that when the ticket was accepted the contract was complete, and so the jury was not entitled to find as they did. Mrs Thompson could not read.

## Judgment

Lord Harnworth MR held that, regardless of whether Mrs Thompson could read, she was bound by the contract, and the indication of further conditions by reference was sufficient notice. He said "we feel no difficulty in coming to a conclusion."
Lawrence LJ and Sankey LJ concurred.
# Tukla

Tukla may refer to:
* Tüklə, a village in Azerbaijan
* Tukla, Leh, a village in India
* Tukla Bagh, a village in Iran
# Campiglossa genalis

Campiglossa genalis is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.
# War of the Maidens (film)

War of the Maidens (German: Der Jungfrauenkrieg) is a 1957 Austrian-German comedy film directed by Hermann Kugelstadt and starring Oskar Sima, Kurt Heintel and Mady Rahl. It was shot at the Schönbrunn Studios in Vienna and at the studios in Salzburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Wolf Witzemann.

## Cast

* Oskar Sima as Franz Rössmayer, Wirt
* Kurt Heintel as Martin Jöcher., Holzknecht
* Mady Rahl as Monika, Kellnerin
* Heinrich Gretler as Kaslatterer, Bürgermeister
* Gerlinde Locker as Lena Feldhofer
* Rudolf Carl as Aicher, Sägemüller
* Lucie Englisch as Frau Aicher
* Gustl Gstettenbaur as Pecher
* Lotte Ledl as Reinstadler, Krämerin
* Sepp Rist as Feldhofer, Großbauer
* Brigitte Antonius as Rosa Stecher
* Walter Janssen as Pfarrer
* Ruth Winter as Franzi, Kellnerin
* Walter Varndal as Andergasser, Schneider
* Gert Türmer as Zischek
* Felix Czerny
* Hardo Friemel
* Walter Hirt
* Lola Urban-Kneidinger
* Eva Gaigg
* Heinz Rohn
* Wilfried Steiner
* Hubert Kiurina
* Ursula Wondrak
* Armin Dahlen as Gustav Kugler, Frächter
# 1908 Kendall Orange and Black football team

The 1908 Kendall Orange and Black football team represented Henry Kendall College (later renamed the University of Tulsa) during the 1908 college football season. This was the first season that the institution was located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In its first season under head coach Sam P. McBirney, the team compiled a 2–3 record and outscored its opponents by a total of 80 to 43. The team played no intercollegiate football games. Four of its games were played against local high schools, and the fifth was against the Outrigger Canoe Club from Pawhuska, Oklahoma.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 30 | at Muskogee High School | Muskogee, OK | L 5–10 |
| November 7 | Muskogee High School | Athletic ParkTulsa, OK | L 0–10 |
| November 13 | at Osage Indians | Pawhuska, OK | L 11–23 |
| November 20 | at Claremore Prep | Claremore, OK | W 48–0 |
| November 26 | Central High School | Athletic ParkTulsa, OK | W 16–0 |
# Batocera maculata

Batocera maculata is a species of flat-faced longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae of the family Cerambycidae. While originally named as "Lamia tigris" by Voet in 1778, no name was validly published for this species until 1817; Voet's 1778 work fails to fulfill the requirement in ICZN Article 11.4 that a work must be consistently binomial, and all names within that work are unavailable.

## Description

Batocera maculata is a large long-horn beetle reaching 55–70 millimetres (2.2–2.8 in) of length. The body color is quite variable, but usually it is greyish or whitish with dark brown markings. Adults of this widespread species can be seen from April to August.

## Distribution

This species is present in Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
# Walter P. and May Wolf Reuther House

The Walter P. and May Wolf Reuther House is a single-family home located at 3924-3950-3954 Ellamae in Oakland Township near Rochester, Michigan. The house was built for Walter Reuther, president of the United Automobile Workers union, and his wife. They lived here from 1951 until their deaths in 1970. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

## History

In 1951, Walter and May Reuther located these lots, intending to develop them into a summer house for the family. They stayed in a small house on the site that summer, but by the end of the summer decided to stay here permanently. Reuther consulted with architect and family friend Oscar Stonorov, and the two men collaborated on a design for a ranch-style house on the property. It was soon built and the family moved in, settling permanently here in 1953. Reuther tinkered with the design of the house over the years, adding onto it., and later built a guest house to host visiting diplomats.
The Reuthers lived in this house until their deaths in a plane crash, together with Oscar Stonorov, on May 9, 1970. The complex was sold by their heirs in 1973.

## Description

The Walter P. and May Wolf Reuther House sits on three adjacent lots with the winding Paint Creek running through the property. The grounds contain three buildings: the modern wood-sided main house with stone chimneys near the creek, a soaring modern wood and glass-walled guest house also near the creek, and a modern ranch style guard house close to the road.
The main house is located within a bow of Paint Creek, and is approached by narrow wooden walking bridges over the water. It is a one-story building, clad with vertical redwood planks painted dark brown and sitting on a concrete block foundation. A two-story addition is connected to the center of the building, under which is a small enclosed entry portico. Floor-to-ceiling windows look out over Paint Creek, and a large stone chimney extends to one side.
The guest house is a two-story wooden modern style building with a low pitched sloping roof and a wooden deck that extends over Paint Creek. It has vertical wooden siding of the same material and color as in the main house. The elevation overlooking the creek is almost all glass.
The guard house is a rectangular, ranch-style house with low-pitched sloping roof standing on a high knoll.
# Socrates and Stephen

Socrates and Stephen (both died circa 307) are a pair of Christian martyrs. Their feast day is 17 September.
They are recorded in certain martyrologies as having been martyred in Britain during the persecution of Diocletian, which took place from 303 to 311. With Saint Alban and Saints Julius and Aaron, they are the only victims registered in the Martyrologies as British.
Tradition puts the scene of the martyrdom of Saints Socrates and Stephen in South Wales. But this is very uncertain. It has been conjectured by some that what may have happened was that "in Britannia" was mistakenly written for "in Bithynia".
# Basra War Cemetery

The Basra War Cemetery is a military cemetery in Basra, Iraq, built for soldiers killed during the Mesopotamian campaign in the First World War.
In 1935 the site was cleared of gravestones due to their deterioration and a Memorial Screen Wall was installed with the names of the men buried there – none of which survive.
Opposite lies the Indian Forces Cemetery. The combined two cemeteries contain the remains of almost 5,000 servicemen primarily from WW1, some civilian graves and a few from World War II.
It was maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) until 2007. Those buried at the cemetery include Victoria Cross recipient George Godfrey Massy Wheeler, and Henry Howard, 19th Earl of Suffolk.
The Daily Telegraph reported on 10 November 2013 that the cemetery had been damaged, with a number of headstones knocked down and broken by looters and vandals. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission subsequently cleared the site of all grave markers before abandoning the site, the cross of sacrifice and plinth. Local neighbors then started using the area as a football and games field.
The graves themselves remain undisturbed and the sub bases remain in place making individual graves relatively easy to identify. As of July 2024 the CWGC has no plans to return to the country and renovate or maintain any of the cemeteries and monuments there representing approximately 100,000 British Forces casualties.
In July 2024 a relative of a soldier buried there from 1941 visited the site and laid a new gravestone. The first new grave stone to be laid for over 80 years.
# Blastobasis transcripta

Blastobasis transcripta is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in India.
The larvae have been recorded feeding within the twigs of Pinus longifolia.
# Walter P. Scott

Walter P. Scott was a Scottish amateur footballer who made one appearance as a goalkeeper in the Scottish League for Queen's Park.

## Personal life

Scott served as a captain in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders during the First World War.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Queen's Park | 1910–11 | Scottish League First Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's halfpipe

The women's halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in Bardonecchia, a village in the Province of Turin, Italy. Competition took place on 13 February 2006.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Qualification | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Rank | Name | Run 1 | Run 2 | Rank | Run 1 | Run 2 |
| | Hannah Teter (USA) | 39.9 | — | 3 | 44.6 | 46.4 |
| | Gretchen Bleiler (USA) | 41.6 | — | 2 | 41.5 | 43.4 |
| | Kjersti Buaas (NOR) | 19.2 | 41.9 | 8 | 40.9 | 42.0 |
| 4 | Kelly Clark (USA) | 44.9 | — | 1 | 41.1 | 38.1 |
| 5 | Torah Bright (AUS) | 32.0 | 43.1 | 7 | 17.0 | 41.0 |
| 6 | Elena Hight (USA) | 33.1 | 36.8 | 10 | 29.4 | 37.8 |
| 7 | Manuela Laura Pesko (SUI) | 7.1 | 36.9 | 9 | 35.9 | 14.2 |
| 8 | Doriane Vidal (FRA) | 34.5 | — | 6 | 26.1 | 35.7 |
| 9 | Shiho Nakashima (JPN) | 35.5 | — | 5 | 33.1 | 30.6 |
| 10 | Soko Yamaoka (JPN) | 28.5 | 35.6 | 11 | 22.4 | 32.7 |
| 11 | Cheryl Maas (NED) | 38.6 | — | 4 | 8.7 | 16.5 |
| 12 | Chikako Fushimi (JPN) | 13.0 | 34.8 | 12 | 9.5 | 15.6 |
| 13 | Sophie Rodriguez (FRA) | 33.9 | 33.8 | 13 | | |
| 14 | Tania Detomas (ITA) | 29.7 | 33.6 | 14 | | |
| 15 | Sarah Conrad (CAN) | 19.4 | 33.5 | 15 | | |
| 16 | Juliane Bray (NZL) | 17.1 | 32.2 | 16 | | |
| 17 | Paulina Ligocka (POL) | 31.8 | 31.8 | 17 | | |
| 18 | Holly Crawford (AUS) | 19.0 | 29.9 | 18 | | |
| 19 | Cecile Alzina (FRA) | 25.7 | 28.0 | 19 | | |
| 20 | Kate Foster (GBR) | 16.4 | 24.7 | 20 | | |
| 21 | Dominique Vallee (CAN) | 31.5 | 24.5 | 21 | | |
| 22 | Anna Olofsson (SWE) | 27.4 | 24.4 | 22 | | |
| 23 | Maëlle Ricker (CAN) | 25.9 | 23.2 | 23 | | |
| 24 | Kendal Brown (NZL) | 22.9 | 22.4 | 24 | | |
| 25 | Romina Masolini (ITA) | 12.7 | 20.5 | 25 | | |
| 26 | Queralt Castellet (ESP) | 20.5 | 18.3 | 26 | | |
| 27 | Mercedes Nicoll (CAN) | 33.0 | 17.5 | 27 | | |
| 28 | Lei Pan (CHN) | 15.6 | 16.0 | 28 | | |
| 29 | Svetlana Vinogradova (RUS) | 6.9 | 13.8 | 29 | | |
| 30 | Clara Villoslada (ESP) | 10.3 | 11.4 | 30 | | |
| 31 | Zhifeng Sun (CHN) | 11.3 | 10.2 | 31 | | |
| 32 | Mariya Prusakova (RUS) | 8.5 | 8.2 | 32 | | |
| 33 | Lesley McKenna (GBR) | 1.4 | 5.2 | 33 | | |
| 34 | Melo Imai (JPN) | 7.2 | 1.4 | 34 | | |
# Thorleif Tharaldsen

Thorleif Tharaldsen (15 December 1893 – 6 April 1979) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1915.
# Tony Peraica

Anthony J. "Tony" Peraica (born April 14, 1957) is an American politician from Chicago, Illinois. He was the Cook County Commissioner for the 16th district, and was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for Cook County treasurer in 1998, for president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners in 2006, for Cook County state's attorney in 2008, and for Cook County clerk in 2022.

## Life

Peraica was born in Croatia in 1957, and was orphaned at the age of 11. He came to the United States when he was 13. He lived in Bridgeport, Chicago with his aunt and uncle. He attended the University of Illinois at Chicago, where he earned his B.A. in political science. He went on to earn his J.D. from the John Marshall Law School. He was admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1984, and continues to work as a lawyer in private practice at Anthony J. Peraica & Associates.
In 1994, Peraica was the Democratic nominee for the 16th district election to the Cook County Board of Commissioners, losing to Republican Allan C. Carr.
In 1998, Peraica switched parties and was the Republican nominee for Cook County Treasurer, this time losing an open race to Democrat Maria Pappas.
He was elected to the Cook County Board of Commissioners in 2002 as a Republican, after defeating Al Carr in the Republican primary.
Peraica served as the Lyons Township Republican committeeman from 2002 to December 31, 2012.
In 2006, Peraica secured the Republican nomination for board president. Democrat Forrest Claypool challenged incumbent John Stroger in the Democratic primary. Stroger fell ill in the days leading up the primary, but defeated Claypool narrowly. Stroger withdrew from the general election, and the Democratic Party selected his son, Todd Stroger, to take his place on the ballot. Peraica ran a strong campaign in the heavily Democratic county, but ultimately lost in a close race to the younger Stroger. Peraica did, however, secure reelection to the county board.
In November 2008, Peraica lost the race for Cook County State's Attorney to Anita Alvarez, who was backed by the Chicago Democratic Party, in November 2008's general election. In 2010 Republican Primary election, Peraica defeated his opponent 75% to 25%. In the 2010 election for the Cook County 16th District Commissioner, he was arrested for tearing up signs of his Democratic opponent Jeffery Tobolski in McCook.
On November 2, 2010, Peraica lost his bid for reelection to Democrat Jeffery Tobolski, garnering 42.3 of the vote to Tobolski's 50.6%.
On December 4, 2012, Peraica was found guilty of criminal damage to property for defacing the former rival's campaign signs prior to the 2010 election, and he was sentenced to four months of court supervision.
During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Peraica served on the Illinois leadership team of the presidential campaign of Senator Ted Cruz.
Peraica and wife Nilofar live in Riverside.
# Walter Shaw (judge)

Sir Walter Sidney Shaw (15 April 1863 – 24 April 1937) was an English barrister and judge. He served as a judge in a number of British colonies, his last judicial appointment being as Chief Justice of the Straits Settlements. He was also the chairman of the Shaw Commission which investigated the 1929 Palestine riots.

## Early life

Born in 1863, Shaw was the second son of George Shaw, a barrister, of St George's Square, Pimlico. He was educated at Brighton College, leaving the school in 1879, and Trinity College, Cambridge, which was his father’s old college, where he was admitted in 1882.
He was called to the Bar from the Middle Temple in 1888.

## Legal career

Shaw practiced at common law at the bar from 1888 until 1906.
In 1906, Shaw was appointed Police Magistrate and Acting Chief Justice of St Vincent. He became Chief Justice in 1907 and was appointed to the Executive and Legislative Councils. From 1908 to 1909 he was Acting Chief Justice of Grenada. After two years without official duties, Shaw was Acting Administrator of St Vincent from 1911 to 1912, then from 1912 to 1914 was Chief Justice of British Honduras (now Belize). Between 1914 and 1921 he served as a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. He was knighted in the 1921 Birthday Honours.
He was appointed as Chief Justice of the Straits Settlements in 1921 and served in that position until his retirement in 1925.
When Shaw came to Singapore he introduced the custom of wearing a wig in court. Upon his retirement, he explained that it was "not because I have any desire to attire myself in fancy costume, or because I wished to give myself any special personal importance, but because I think that it tends to remind, not only the public and the Bar, but even the judge himself, that he is a representative of that very illustrious body of men – the English judges, who have done so much to establish and maintain the freedom of the English people".

## Shaw Commission

In 1929, Shaw chaired the Commission on the Palestine Disturbances of August 1929, commonly known as the Shaw Commission, which looked into the causes of the 1929 Palestine riots. The Shaw Commission found that the fundamental cause of the violence "without which in our opinion disturbances either would not have occurred or would have been little more than a local riot, is the Arab feeling of animosity and hostility towards the Jews consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for their economic future".

## Personal life

In 1895 Shaw married Dorothy Emma Mortimore, a daughter of Foster Mortimore. They had a son and a daughter.
Shaw died at home, Fenners, Wimborne, Dorset, on 24 April 1937. He was buried at Great Canford on 27 April.

## Legacy

Shaw Road in Singapore was either named after Shaw or another Shaw, a partner in Shaw, Whitehead and Company.
# Battle of Fidentia (82 BC)

The Battle of Fidentia took place in September of 82 BC at Fidentia during the context of Sulla's Second Civil War. The battle pitted the Optimates under the command of Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus against the Populares forces commanded by Lucius Quincius. The battle resulted in a decisive Optimate victory.

## Context

At the beginning of September, the Optimate general, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius sent Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus (younger brother of Lucius Licinius Lucullus) at the head of two Legions to open up a second front against the Populares at Placentia. Metellus remained at Faventia with four Legions and waited for and defeated an army commanded by Gaius Norbanus Balbus who marched from Gaul at the Battle of Faventia.

## The battle

After being informed of this victory, Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus at once attacked the camp of Lucius Quincius, the second in command of Norbanus Balbus who had previously marched to (and was defeated at) Fidentia with 5 Legions. His numerical disadvantage not withstanding, his troops fought bravely and obtained victory, taking the Populare camp. The Populares lost around 18,000 soldiers whilst the Optimates lost relatively few.

## Consequences

After this battle, the presence of the Populare threat to the Optimates in the north of Italy was completely destroyed. In the south, Sulla would soon win another victory for his cause at the Battle of the Colline Gate which largely ended the war.
# 1922 in rail transport

This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1922.

## Events
### May events

* May 17 – The Arkansas Short Line Railroad, a predecessor of St. Louis Southwestern Railway, is incorporated.

### July events

* July 1 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States, coinciding with a reduction in railroad shop wages by seven cents per day mandated by the Railroad Labor Board. Continues until September 1.

### August events

* August 31 – H. L. Hamilton and Paul Turner form a company called Electro-Motive Engineering (later to become General Motors Electro-Motive Division) in Cleveland, Ohio.

### October events

* October – International Union of Railways (UIC) established in Paris to promote co-operation and standardisation.
* October 22 – Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (first stage) opened in Germany.

### November events

* The first Willamette locomotive is built for Coos Bay Lumber Company of Marshfield, Oregon.
* July 26 – The Drammen Line in Norway takes electric traction into use between Oslo West Station and Brakerøya.

### December events

* December 9 – Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée resumes the Calais-Mediterranée Express, now known as Le Train Bleu because of its Wagons-Lits cars, between Calais Gare Maritime and Menton on the French Riviera.

### Unknown date events

* The New York Central acquires the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (the Big Four Railroad).
* Sir Henry Thornton succeeds David Blyth Hanna as president of Canadian National Railway.
* George Hughes succeeds H. P. M. Beames as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Western Railway.

## Births
### February births

* February 27 – Robert B. Claytor, president of Norfolk and Western Railway (died 1993)

### March births

* March 22 – Livio Dante Porta, Argentinian steam locomotive mechanical engineer (died 2003)

### July births

* July 20 – Alan Stephenson Boyd, first United States Secretary of Transportation 1966–1969, president of Illinois Central Railroad 1969-1972, president of Amtrak (died 2020)