OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rodney Peppé

Rodney Darrell Peppé (24 June 1934 – 27 October 2022) was a British author and illustrator in the children's fiction and crafts genres. He was the author and illustrator of more than 80 children's books, publishing his first children's book in 1968 The Alphabet Book with Constable Young Books. His craft books teach how to build mechanical toys and automata.
While he created toys and automata, Peppé did not sell his creations; his works were on display in various museums and on tour in his one-man show The Wonderful World of Rodney Peppé.

## Early life

Born on 24 June 1934 in Eastbourne, England, Peppé was the twin brother of Mark and son of Lionel Hill Peppé and Winifred Vivienne (Parry). Although born in Eastbourne, due to the career of Lionel in the British Royal Navy and Royal Indian Navy the family lived in India near the Himalaya Mountains during the children's early years. In 1942 when Vivienne returned with the twins to Eastbourne, Rodney and his brother Mark were enrolled in boarding school at St Bede's School, Sussex.
After achieving a National Diploma in Design in 1958 from the Eastbourne School of Art, and a Diploma in Illustration in 1959 from the London County Council Central School of Arts and Crafts, Peppé was soon employed and married.

## Early career

Before publishing his first children's book The Alphabet Book in 1968, Peppé was employed as an art director for S. H. Benson and J. Walter Thompson in 1960 (ending in 1965), a consultant designer for Ross Foods Ltd. in 1965 (ending in 1973), and as a freelance graphic designer and illustrator in 1965 (lasting to the present day).

## Personal life

Peppé married textile artist Tordis Tatjana Tekkel on 16 July 1960. They had two sons, Christen Rodney and Jonathan Noel. After marriage and children, Peppé and his family lived in various locations in England including Surrey, Whiteway, and Torquay.
Peppé died on 27 October 2022, at the age of 88.
# Astern propulsion

Astern propulsion (as applied to a ship) is a maneuver in which a ship's propelling mechanism is used to develop thrust in a retrograde direction. Astern propulsion does not necessarily imply the ship is moving astern (in reverse); astern propulsion is used to slow a ship by applying a force in the direction of the bow of the ship, instead of the stern. The equivalent concept for an airplane is thrust reversal.
In a sailing ship astern propulsion can be achieved by the appropriate manipulation of the sails. In square-rigged ships 'backing the sails', that is, aligning the sails so that the wind impinged on the bow surface, could provide sufficient retrograde thrust to slow or reverse the ship. This maneuver had to be carried out with care as the rigging of masts and yards was principally designed to accept and transmit thrust in the forward direction.
In a ship with a gas turbine engine and a variable-pitch propeller, astern thrust is simply a matter of changing the propeller pitch to a negative value. Most other propeller-driven ships will reverse the direction the prop spins. For a paddle wheel ship, reversing the direction of the paddle will provide astern propulsion. Redirecting the thrust of a water jet driven craft, changing the cyclic pitch of a Voith-Schneider propulsor, or rotating an azimuth thruster 180 degrees has the same effect. As the efficiency of traditional rudders is greatly reduced when not located in the propeller wash, only propulsion systems with steerable thrust provide adequate maneuverability during astern operation.
A marine vessel is required to signal that she is operating astern propulsion by either blowing three short, easily audible blasts or by flying the Sierra signal flag (white border with one central blue square).
Some aircraft are also able to develop astern propulsion. Airships such as the R-100 could reverse the direction of rotation of some engines, so reversing the direction of thrust of the attached propeller. This facility was used to slow down or stop the airship when mooring.
Some propeller-driven aircraft using controllable pitch propellers can change the blade pitch sufficiently to provide astern propulsion. This facility is sometimes used to control aircraft speed in steep descents, or to taxi backwards when on the ground. Most jet airliners and some transport aircraft use astern propulsion (more commonly termed 'reverse thrust') to slow down after landing, reducing the load on the wheel brakes and shortening the landing rollout. Helicopters can develop thrust in any direction, including astern.
Most mechanically driven land vehicles can develop astern propulsion, although in this case the ability is more usually termed 'reverse'. In land vehicles reverse propulsion is usually achieved through various transmission arrangements.
# Norbäck

Norbäck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Johansdotter Norbäck (1804–1879), Swedish religious leader
* Jan Norbäck (born 1956), Swedish tennis player
# Norcan Lake

Norcan Lake is a reservoir lake in the municipality of North Frontenac, Frontenac County in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Madawaska River system, is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and is located in geographic townships of North Canonto Township and South Canonto Township.
The lake was formed when land flooded upon the completion of the Barrett Chute dam and generating station in 1943.

## Tributaries

Clockwise from the mouth
* Reddys Creek
* Norcan Creek
* Juniper Creek
* Madawaska River
# Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games – Men's 50 kilometres walk

The men's 50 kilometres walk event at the 1951 Pan American Games was held at the Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires on 28 February. The event would not be contested again at the Games until 1967.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Sixto Ibáñez | Argentina | 5:06:07 |
| | James Jackson | Trinidad and Tobago | 5:21:13 |
| | Armando González | Argentina | 5:27:01 |
| 4 | Carmelo Caputo | Argentina | 5:28:40 |
| | Henry Laskau | United States | DNS |
# Norman Thwaites

Norman Graham Thwaites CBE MVO MC (1872–1956) was a British soldier, intelligence officer, foreign correspondent, editor, and diplomat.
Born in Birmingham, Thwaites was the son of the Rev. Henry Graham Thwaites, a Church of England clergyman, and Clara Jane Hepworth, who had married in 1869. He was baptized by his father at St Mark's Church, Birmingham, on 28 July 1872.
Thwaites became an assistant to Joseph Pulitzer. During the First World War, he was commissioned into the Army Service Corps and in June 1915 was promoted from temporary Lieutenant to temporary Captain. He worked in intelligence in New York City and recruited the spy Sidney Reilly. In March 1918, he was promoted from temporary Captain to temporary Major. He saw active service during the war, retiring with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and receiving the Military Cross.
In 1919, Thwaites married Eleanor Lucia Whitridge, a daughter of Frederick W. Whitridge, of New York, and they had two sons and two daughters.
In December 1919, Thwaites was Director of the British Mission, New York, and on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales to the US, Thwaites was appointed a member of the Royal Victorian Order.
In 1934, Thwaites chaired meetings of the January Club. Later in the 1930s, he was a member of the selection committee of the Right Book Club, with Anthony Ludovici, Trevor Blakemore, Collinson Owen, and W. A. Foyle. In 1934, he was living at 34, Hyde Park Gate, and Barley End, Tring.
In his work “The Menace of Aerial Gas Bombardment” (1935), published by the New Commonwealth Society, Thwaites warned that Russia was openly preparing for chemical warfare and described the horrors of gas warfare. He proposed as a solution the abolition of all national air forces for military purposes and the setting up of an international air force.
# Norman Tokar

Norman Tokar (November 25, 1919 – April 6, 1979) was an American director, actor and occasionally writer and producer of serial television and feature films, who directed many of the early episodes of Leave it to Beaver, and found his greatest success directing over a dozen films for Walt Disney Productions, spanning the 1950s to the 1970s.

## Career

On Broadway, Tokar acted in Delicate Story (1940), The Life of Reilly (1942), See My Lawyer (1939) and The Magic Touch (1947). After that, Tokar moved into radio, most notably The Aldrich Family, where he played Henry Aldrich's friend Willie and wrote several episodes as well. Tokar then went into television direction on such sitcoms as The Bob Cummings Show and The Donna Reed Show, the drama Naked City, and two episodes of the anthology series Colgate Theatre, and he co-wrote an episode of New Comedy Showcase.
In the early 1960s, Tokar's success working with the juvenile actors on 93 episodes of the TV sitcom Leave it to Beaver encouraged Walt Disney to hire him to direct family features for his studio, which frequently used children in key roles. His first feature film assignment was the Western Big Red (1962), followed by the Old Yeller sequel Savage Sam (1963) and Those Calloways (1965). After directing the Fred MacMurray picture Follow Me, Boys!, and the Dean Jones/Suzanne Pleshette slapstick comedy The Ugly Dachshund (both 1966), Tokar's next directorial assignment (Walt Disney's last before his death) was the roadshow musical The Happiest Millionaire (1967). With a Sherman Brothers score and a cast including Fred MacMurray, Greer Garson, Tommy Steele, Lesley Ann Warren, and John Davidson, the studio hoped the film would do as well with critics and audiences as Mary Poppins (1964) had done. When it failed to do so, the studio cut the nearly three-hour film down to 144 minutes and again to 118 minutes for general release; the cut footage went unseen until it was restored in the 1990s.
Tokar followed Millionaire with more examples of the high-concept comedies that became the mainstay of the studio in the 1960s and 1970s: The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit (1968), The Boatniks (1970), and Snowball Express (1972). After directing his only non-Disney feature Where the Red Fern Grows (1974), Tokar made his most commercially successful film; the comedy western The Apple Dumpling Gang (1975). Following Candleshoe (1977), on Tokar's final film before his death, The Cat from Outer Space (1978), he gained a co-producer credit.

## Death

On April 6, 1979, Tokar died in his sleep at Cedar Sinai in Hollywood, California, following a recent heart attack.

## Filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1962 | Big Red |
| 1963 | Savage Sam |
| 1964 | A Tiger Walks |
| 1965 | Those Calloways |
| 1966 | The Ugly Dachshund |
| 1966 | Follow Me, Boys! |
| 1967 | The Happiest Millionaire |
| 1968 | The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit |
| 1969 | Rascal |
| 1970 | The Boatniks |
| 1972 | Snowball Express |
| 1974 | Where the Red Fern Grows |
| 1975 | The Apple Dumpling Gang |
| 1976 | No Deposit, No Return |
| 1977 | Candleshoe |
| 1978 | The Cat from Outer Space |
# Athanasius Scholasticus

Athanasius Scholasticus was Graeco-Roman jurist who wrote scholia on the legal writer Eustathios Rhomaios after the publication of the Basilica. His date is unknown.
# North Clifton

North Clifton is a village and civil parish about 12 miles north of Newark-on-Trent, in the Newark and Sherwood district, within the county of Nottinghamshire, England. In 2011, the parish had a population of 216, and this dropped to 176 at the 2021 census. The parish touches Thorney, Fledborough, Newton on Trent, South Clifton and Ragnall.

## Features

North Clifton has a church called St George which is Grade II* Listed. North Clifton Primary School is on Church Lane. Clifton-on-Trent railway station opened in 1897 and closed to passengers in 1955 and entirely in 1964. There are four listed buildings in North Clifton.

## History

The name "Clifton" means 'Cliff farm/settlement'. North and South Clifton were recorded in the Domesday Book as Cliftone/Cliftune/Cli(s)tone. Alternative names for North Clifton are "Clifton" and "Clifton North". North Clifton parish also included the townships of South Clifton, Harby and Spalford which became separate parishes in 1866.
Francis White's Directory of Nottinghamshire of 1853 records that:
   "North Clifton parish comprises the four villages and townships of North Clifton, South Clifton, Harby and Spalford, which maintain their poor separately, and contain together 1,107 inhabitants and 5.040 acres (20,400 m$^2$) of land, now valued at £6,230, which was all exonerated from tithes at the enclosure, and anciently formed four manors of the Bishop of Lincoln's fee, and one of Roger de Bisli's, which in after times passed to the Lovelots, Pigotts and Willoughbys. North Clifton is a small village on the east bank of the Trent, 12½ miles north by east of Newark, near a long cliff, in which numerous fragments of urns, bones and scalps have been found, near the spot which is supposed to have been anciently occupied by a castle. The church, dedicated to St George, stands on an eminence between North and South Clifton, and was re-pewed in 1831. The vicarage, valued in the King's books at £7 6s, and now at £176, is enjoyed by the Rev. Frederick Parry Hodges D. D. The Rev. G.C. Gordon M.A. is the curate, and resides at the Vicarage House, South Clifton. The prebendary of North Clifton, in Lincoln Cathedral, is the patron and appropriator."
# North Theatre (Satu Mare)

The North Theatre (Romanian: Teatrul de Nord) is a theatre in Satu Mare, Romania.

## History

The first theatre from Satu Mare was inaugurated on 20 March 1848, but in 1887 it was demolished. The new theatre was built in 1889. In order to keep something from the old theatre in the walls of the building were buried coins, a history of the theatre and a list with the names of the officials from that time.
The first show of the local theatre took place in 1790 under the guidance of Moricz Gyrogy. Between 1814 and 1816 are attested shows performed by troupes from Oradea and Debrecen and in 1918, theatre groups conducted by Bernat Filep.
Until 1848, the shows were performed at the "Green Tree" Tavern (Romanian: Hanul "Arborele Verde"), but also in places like Jena’s House (Romanian: Casa Jenei) built in 1790 and the Kotro Garden (Romanian: Grădina Kotro), where the famous artist Kornélia Prielle started her career.
After 1 December 1918, the theatrical movement from Satu Mare was under the direction of G. M. Zamfirescu, who between 1922 and 1924 organizes shows with amateur actors from the city. In 1932 the theatre group from The Bucharest National Theatre comes to Satu Mare and performs Hamlet by Shakespeare.
After years of Hungarian theatre (since 1956), in 1968 the Romanian theatrical department is being established under the guidance of George Matache. Together, the two departments will form the cultural institution The North Theatre.

## Architecture

The North theatre was built in a neoclassical style with one floor. The façade is made up of three parts and the central part is detached in a semicircular profile, with a dome type roof. The entrance is supported by piles. The windows of the façade are arched and framed by decorative triangular gables. The auditorium is decorated with details specific to the era and can hold up to 440 people. The architects of the theatre were Voijta Adolf and Szikszay and the interior designers were Spanraft and Hirsch.
# Nortada

The Nortada ("north wind") is a summer wind along the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula from northerly directions, which occurs mainly between June and September.
The main wind direction is north-northwest. The wind is created primarily by a thermal low over the Iberian Peninsula and an Azores High above the Atlantic. The months with the highest frequency of heat lows thus coincide with the months of the most frequent occurrence of the Nortada. The wind is strengthened locally by thermal but also orographic influences, as, for instance, by mountain ranges. The wind often leads in the coastal area to coastal upwelling of cool water, which, in turn often leads to a strengthening of the wind.
A popular windsurfing and kitesurfing spot, where such a local amplification occurs, is for example the Praia do Guincho near Lisbon. A strengthening also occurs at the Praia do Martinhal in Sagres, where the wind blows then fully offshore.
# Norsälven

Norsälven (Swedish pronunciation:) is a river flowing between Fryken and Vänern in Värmland, Sweden. It used to be an important river for log driving. During the 1950s, there were 6.23 million logs annually floating in the river. The length is 28 km (including Ljusnan River, 179 km).
# North Devon Hospice

The North Devon Hospice is a charity based in Barnstaple, Devon, England, which provides palliative care. It was established in 1983.
It operates a hospice in Barnstaple and palliative home care. It is developing a new base in the grounds of the Holsworthy Medical Centre.

## History

In 2014, it won the UK Charity of the Year award.
In June 2020, the Hospice's volunteers were awarded the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service.

## Notable fundraising challenge (2020–2023)

In 2020 11-year-old Max Woosey from Braunton, began raising money for the hospice, which had cared for his late neighbour Rick, by camping in his back garden. In August 2021 he spent his 500th consecutive night under canvass, by which time he had raised over £640,000. In November 2021, Woosey was given a Pride of Britain 'Spirit of Adventure' Award presented by Bear Grylls, and invited to spend the night camping on the pitch at Twickenham Stadium. Invited by the award organisers to spend the night before the ceremony in a hotel, he instead slept on its balcony. Woosey was awarded the British Empire Medal in the 2022 New Year Honours. In March 2023, Woosey announced he would end his challenge on 1 April with "a final celebratory camp-out festival". Stephen Roberts, the hospice's chief executive, said that Woosey's contributions had directly funded 15 nurses for a year.
# North Devon District Hospital

North Devon District Hospital is an NHS district general hospital in the town of Barnstaple, North Devon, England run by Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The hospital has its origins in the North Devon Infirmary established in Litchdon Street in 1824. Services were transferred to the present facility which occupies the site of the historic manor house of Raleigh, in the former parish of Pilton, seat of the locally influential Chichester family. The building of the hospital was promoted by Jeremy Thorpe when he was MP for Devon North and it opened at its present location in 1979.

## Services

It has an accident & emergency department and offers services such as orthopaedics, key hole surgery, stroke care and cancer services.
# Atacamallium

Atacamallium minutiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is the sole species in genus Atacamallium. It is a bulbous geophyte endemic to Antofagasta Region of northern Chile, where it grows in the coastal Atacama Desert.
DNA and morphological analyses place it as a sister to genus Leucocoryne in the tribe Leucocoryneae. It is distinguished from other Leucocoryneae by having smaller flowers, tepals fused only at the base, six stamens arranged in a single series, and trifid (three-lobed) stigma.
# Atle Næss

Atle Næss (born 25 March 1949, in Mysen) is a Norwegian author. His book Galileo Galilei, when the world stood still was the winner of The Brage Prize.

## Works

* Gun (1975)
* April (1977)
* 830 S (1981)
* Opp fra det absolutte nullpunkt (1985)
* Sensommer (1987)
* Korsfareren (1988)(crime novel)
* Kraften som beveger (1990) The Power that Moves
* Østre linje (1994)
* Den tvilende Thomas (1997)
* Innersvinger (2002)
* Galileo Galilei, when the world stood still (2004)
* Sensommer (2006)
* Roten av minus en (2006)
* Din nestes eiendom (2009)
# Atter (disambiguation)

Atter is poison or venom.
Atter may also refer to:

## People

* Tom Atter
* Mahmoud Atter Abdel Fattah

## Places

* Atter Shisha
* Atter (Osnabrück), district in the west of Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany

## Other

* Ätter, Norse clans, a social group based on common descent
* Gigantochloa atter, a species of bamboo
# Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 800 metres T53

The T53 category is for wheelchair athletes with normal use of arms and hands, no or limited trunk function, and no leg function.
The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 800 metres T53 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on heats_date–17 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

## Heats
### Heat 1

10:16 17 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | 904 | Chelsea McClammer | United States | 1:52.96 | Q |
| 2 | 7 | 162 | Lisha Huang | China | 1:53.76 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 36 | Madison de Rozario | Australia | 1:54.14 | Q |
| 4 | 8 | 777 | Catherine Debrunner | Switzerland | 1:55.04 | |
| 5 | 5 | 472 | Kazumi Nakayama | Japan | 1:55.89 | |
| 6 | 6 | 140 | Ilana Dupont | Canada | 2:01.17 | |

### Heat 2

10:24 17 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | 188 | Hongzhuan Zhou | China | 1:48.37 | Q |
| 2 | 7 | 30 | Angela Ballard | Australia | 1:48.74 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 337 | Samantha Kinghorn | Great Britain | 1:48.89 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 913 | Shirley Reilly | United States | 1:49.69 | q |
| 5 | 2 | 849 | Hamide Kurt | Turkey | 1:50.33 | q |
| 6 | 8 | 77 | Jessica Cooper Lewis | Bermuda | 1:58.24 | |
| 7 | 5 | 901 | Kelsey Lefevour | United States | 2:09.07 | |

## Final

17:46 17 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 3 | 188 | Hongzhuan Zhou | China | 1:47.45 |
| | 2 | 36 | Madison de Rozario | Australia | 1:47.64 |
| | 5 | 913 | Shirley Reilly | United States | 1:47.77 |
| 4 | 4 | 30 | Angela Ballard | Australia | 1:47.97 |
| 5 | 7 | 904 | Chelsea McClammer | United States | 1:48.32 |
| 6 | 6 | 337 | Samantha Kinghorn | Great Britain | 1:49.51 |
| 7 | 1 | 162 | Lisha Huang | China | 1:52.15 |
| 8 | 8 | 849 | Hamide Kurt | Turkey | 1:52.78 |
# North End, Hamilton

The North End is a mostly residential neighbourhood in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, immediately north of Downtown. The area is bounded by the CNR Railway to the south, Wellington Street to the east, and the Hamilton Harbour on both the north and west sides of the neighbourhood.
The area is home to many of Hamilton's waterfront public spaces, including Pier 4 Park, Bayfront Park, and Pier 7. HMCS Haida, a National Historic Site, is also docked in the neighbourhood.

## History

The North End is one of the oldest sections of the city. The area has a long-standing reputation as a blue-collar neighbourhood, dating back to the 1800s. The expansion of economic activities both in the core and at the Port of Hamilton resulted in increased development along the James Street corridor. The neighbourhood has a significant Catholic population, drawing a large number of Irish, Italian and later Portuguese immigrants.
In the 1960s the city built a number of low-income family housing units throughout the North End.
The 2010s brought major changes to the neighbourhood. In 2015, the new West Harbour GO Station was opened on the southern end of the neighbourhood. The station brought increased connectivity to Toronto and led to a rise in area housing prices. Most of the area's public housing has since been closed and slated for redevelopment as mixed-income housing. In 2018, the City of Hamilton revealed extensive plans to redevelop the waterfront area in the neighbourhood's western half.

## Demographics

The area is home to a sizeable number of ethnic Portuguese (14.6%) and Italians (9.8%). Visible minorities form 19.2% of the neighbourhoods population, with Black Canadians (7.3%), South Asians (3.5%), and Southeast Asians (3.1%) being the largest groups.

## Notable people

* Jackie Washington, jazz and blues singer; namesake of a park in the southeast corner of the neighbourhood