OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Synthetic chord

In music theory and harmonic analysis, a synthetic chord is a made-up or non-traditional (synthetic) chord (collection of pitches) which cannot be analyzed in terms of traditional harmonic structures, such as the triad or seventh chord.
   This title is applied to a group of notes, usually a scale-like succession of pitches, with a fixed progression of tones and semitones. This scale can obviously be transposed to any pitch, and depending on its intervallic makeup, will have a fixed number of possible transpositions. Furthermore, the sintetakkord can be used either vertically or horizontally; Roslavets' music is not concerned with the order of the pitches, but rather with the whole 'field' thus created, so that the system is less oriented toward themes and more toward harmonic fields. [See: Josef Matthias Hauer]
However, synthetic chords originated not with Roslavets but with musicologist Sabaneev and his study of composer Scriabin's Prometheus published in 1910. See: Mystic chord.
For example, if a composer uses a synthetic scale as the basis for a passage of music and constructs chords from its tones, in much the same way that a tonal composer may use a major or minor scale's notes to build harmonies, then the resulting chords may be synthetic chords and referred to as such.
Some synthetic chords may be analyzed as traditional chords, including the Prometheus chord, which may be analyzed as an altered dominant chord.
An example of a synthetic chord would be the repeated chord in the first act of Puccini's Turandot at the beginning of the text passage "Non indugiare, se chiami appare...".
# Tonga Hockey Federation

The Tonga Hockey Federation (THF) is the governing body of field hockey in Tonga, Oceania. Its headquarters are in Nuku'Alofa, Tonga. It is affiliated to IHF International Hockey Federation and OCF Oceania Hockey Federation.
Rev. Dr Tevita Mohenoa Puloka is the President of Hockey Association of Tonga and Rev. Ikani Taliai Tolu is the General Secretary.
# Robert Lindneux

Robert Lindneux (1871 — 1970) was an American painter from Denver, Colorado. He did paintings of the Old West, including Native Americans like Quanah Parker and pioneers like Buffalo Bill.

## Early life

In the 1860s, the family came to America, ultimately settling in New York City. Lindneux was born in 1871 and was educated in Paris, London and Germany. He was a first-generation American, as both his parents were immigrants from France.

## Career

Lindneux became a painter in Europe. He exhibited his work in Paris in 1893. He returned to the United States, and he decided to move to Colorado and paint the American West in 1900. He traveled to Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota to do paintings of Native Americans. For example, he did a portrait of Quanah Parker, the leader of the Comanche nation.
Lindneux used both charcoal and oil. In the 1900s, he taught Charles M. Russell how to use oil, and the two men painted together in Russell's studio in Great Falls, Montana. Lindneux did paintings of American pioneers like Buffalo Bill, and he exhibited his work at the Gilcrease Museum in Oklahoma. According to the Kansas City Times, he became known as "the last of the great cowboy artists."

## Personal life and death

With his wife, Lindneux had a daughter, Marcella. They resided in Denver, Colorado.
Lindneux died in 1970 in Denver, Colorado, at age 98. The vast majority of his work was sold by his daughter to Orville and Polly Clevenger, who exhibited their collection at West Texas State University in 1982.
# Sheriff of Haddington

The Sheriff of Haddington, or Sheriff of East Lothian, was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Haddington, Scotland. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.
The sheriffdom of Haddington was created in the 12th century. Following mergers of the Scottish sheriffdoms in 1856 the position was retitled Sheriff of Haddington & Berwick. The sheriffdom was divided in 1872 and merged into the sheriffdoms of Midlothian & Haddington and Roxburgh, Berwick & Selkirk.

## Sheriffs of Haddington

* Durward (1124)
* Alexander de St Martin (1184)
* Roger de Mowbray (1263)
* William St. Clair (1264-1265)
* Walter de Huntercombe (1296)
* Ivo de Aldeburgh (1305)
* William Livingstone (1339)
* James Cockburn of Newbigging (1470)
* Alexander Hepburn (1482)
* Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (1489)
* Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell (1508)
* Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell (1584)

### Sheriffs-Depute (Sheriff Principle)

* John Hay of Baro (1663–)
* Patrick Brown (1670–)
* George Hayburton (1681–)
* Sir John Ramsey (1683–)
* John Sinclair (1690–)
* John Veitch (1692–)
* William Baillie (1695–)
* Alexander Hay (1697–)
* John Hay of Hopes (1714–)
* Charles Brown of Colstoun (1715–)
* Thomas Menzies (1718–)
* John Hamilton (1725–)
* Hon James Hamilton (1736–)
* David Kinloch (1744–)

### Sheriffs-Depute (Crown)

* Hon James Hamilton of Frierland, 1747–1762
* William Law, 1762–1803
* John Burnett, 1803-1810
* Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank, 1810–1813
* William Home, 1813–1856

## Sheriffs of Haddington and Berwick (1856)

* Robert Bell, 1856–?1860
* George Young, 1860–1862
* Andrew Rutherford-Clark, 1862–1869
* Alexander Burns Shand, 1869–1872
* 1872 The sheriffdom was divided and merged in the sheriffdoms of Midlothian and Haddington and Roxburgh, Berwick & Selkirk.
# Bairiga

Bairiga (Chinese: 白日嘎; pinyin: Bái Rì Gä) or Ruoni (Chinese: 若尼峰; pinyin: Ruò Ní Fēng) (6,882 m) is the highest peak of Kangri Garpo Range of southeast Tibet Autonomous Region. The region has only recently been explored and before 2009, none of its 47 peaks above 6,000 m had been climbed. Bairiga / Ruoni, which remains unclimbed itself, was photographed for the first time in 1933 by the botanist explorer Frank Kingdon-Ward, at which time it was known as Choembo.
In 2009, a Sino-Japanese joint climbing team formed by China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Kobe University organized an expedition to climb Kangri Garpo II or Ruoni II (6,805 m). On November 5, Deqing Ouzhu and Ciren Danda, Tibetan students with the CUG, were the first to reach the summit, while Koichiro Kondo and Masanori Yazaki scaled the peak two days later. In consultation with a local village leader Kangri Garpo II was renamed Lopchin (Lopchin Feng in Tibetan, Lou bu qin in Chinese), meaning "white male hawk".
# WHTT (disambiguation)

WHTT refers to the following broadcasting stations in the United States:
* WHTT-FM, a radio station (FM 104.1 MHz) licensed to Buffalo, New York
* WXLP, a radio station (FM 96.9 MHz) licensed to Moline, Illinois, which held the call sign WHTT from 1975 to 1978
* WSUA, a radio station (AM 1260 kHz) licensed to Miami, Florida, which held the call sign WHTT from July 30, 1980 to January 6, 1983
* WBGB (FM), a radio station (FM 103.3 MHz) licensed to Boston, Massachusetts, which held the call sign WHTT from March 9, 1983 to July 7, 1986
* WBBF, a radio station (AM 1120 kHz) licensed to Buffalo, New York, which held the call sign WHTT from 1986 to 1987, and again from 1988 to 1999
# Youyi Road station (Shanghai Metro)

Youyi Road (simplified Chinese: 友谊路; traditional Chinese: 友誼路; pinyin: Yǒuyì Lù) is a station on the Shanghai Metro Line 3. It is part of the northern extension of that line from Jiangwan Town to North Jiangyang Road that opened on 18 December 2006.
# Tee (given name)

Tee is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tee A (born 1974), Nigerian comedian
* Tee Corinne (1943–2006), American photographer, author
* Tee Franklin, comic book writer
* Tee Joe Gonzales (1862–1940), American politician and businessman
* Tee Grizzley (born 1994), American rapper and video game streamer
* Tee Higgins (born 1999), American football player
* Tee Jay (1962–2006), Ghanaian-born British boxer
* Tee Lopes (born 1987), Portuguese-American composer and sound designer
* Tee Tee Luce (1895–1982), Burmese philanthropist
* Tee Martin (born 1978), American football coach and former player
* Tee Masaniai, American Samoan politician
* Tee Mitchell (1916–1970), American baseball player
* Tee Scott (1948–1995), American DJ
# Tomàs Moragas

Tomàs Moragas i Torras (1837, Girona – 20 October 1906, Barcelona) was a Spanish painter; known for his Orientalist and genre scenes.

## Biography

Due to political turmoil, his family moved to Barcelona when he was still a baby. He showed some talent for art at an early age and was apprenticed to a silversmith. Later, in 1850, he attended the Escola de la Llotja, where his primary instructors were Claudi Lorenzale and Pau Milà i Fontanals.
One of his fellow students was Marià Fortuny, who went to Rome on a scholarship to continue his studies and suggested that Moragas come there too. In 1858 he did so, despite having no financial resources. Later, he was joined by some of his friends from the Escola, and they set up a studio just off the Via Flaminia. He also attended classes at the Accademia Chigi. During this time, he walked throughout Rome and its environs; making sketches that he would turn into oils and watercolors, then send to art dealers in Paris and London.
In 1864, he returned to Barcelona, where he held his first exhibition, at the silversmith's shop he had worked in as a boy. At this time, most of his works were of the costumbrista school. Two years later, with a recommendation from Fortuny, he exhibited at the studios of Federico de Madrazo in Madrid. The following year, he participated in the National Exhibition of Fine Arts, where he obtained a first-class honorable mention. In 1869, he married Elvira Pomar; daughter of the silversmith.
He then returned to Rome, where he developed an interest in Orientalism but, due to a cholera epidemic, he was forced to relocate to Naples. There, he came under the influence of the Naturalist painter, Domenico Morelli. In 1870, he and Fortuny visited Morocco, where his interest in the Orient was rekindled. After a short stay in Barcelona, he was back in Rome in 1873; beginning his most productive period.
Fortuny died in 1874, and Elvira became ill, so he returned to Barcelona and settled there permanently. She died in 1877, and he never remarried. He opened a private drawing and painting school; attended by Santiago Rusiñol and Hermenegildo Anglada Camarasa, among others and, after 1877, served as a Professor at the Escola. From 1882, he held the same position at the "Escuela de Artes y Oficios" in Vilanova i la Geltrú. In 1883, he created the "Centro de Acuarelistas" (watercolorists) which later became the Cercle Artístic de Sant Lluc. In 1888, he was artistic advisor for the Barcelona Universal Exposition.

## Selected paintings

* Male Nude in 1867 in MNAC.
* Street Musicians in Rome, 1869
* A Moroccan on horseback, c. 1891
* Choosing the Fabric
* Resting Caravan
* People with Cattle
# Vesa Lahtinen

Vesa Lahtinen (born September 16, 1968) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman.
Lahtinen played 110 games in the SM-liiga for Lukko, based in his hometown of Rauma, from 1988 to 1991. He also played in the 1. Divisioona for KooKoo, Kokkolan Hermes and Pelicans as well as in Denmark's Eliteserien for Hellerup IK and France's Élite Ligue for Anglet Hormadi Élite.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1988–89 | Lukko | SM-liiga | 38 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989–90 | Lukko | SM-liiga | 30 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | Lukko | SM-liiga | 42 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | KooKoo | I-Divisioona | 41 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992–93 | KooKoo | I-Divisioona | 42 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993–94 | KaPa-65 | II-divisioona | 28 | 9 | 17 | 26 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | Hellerup IK | Denmark | 39 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | Kokkolan Hermes | I-Divisioona | 43 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 42 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | Kokkolan Hermes | I-Divisioona | 43 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | Kokkolan Hermes | I-Divisioona | 14 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | Nivala Cowboys | II-divisioona | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | Lahti Pelicans | I-Divisioona | 24 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1998–99 | Anglet Hormadi Élite | France | 30 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Anglet Hormadi Élite | France | 32 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Anglet Hormadi Élite | France | — | 2 | 8 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | Anglet Hormadi Élite | France | — | 3 | 7 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SM-liiga totals | SM-liiga totals | SM-liiga totals | 110 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| I-Divisioona totals | I-Divisioona totals | I-Divisioona totals | 207 | 4 | 39 | 43 | 167 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Robert Hebert Quick

Robert Hebert Quick (30 September 1831 – 1891) was an English educator and writer on education. Political history was the usual venue for Whig history of the sort that presented the past as a story of achievements accumulating to the present stage. However, Quick and G. A. N. Lowndes were the leaders of the Whig school of the history of education. In 1898 Quick explained the value of studying the history of educational reform, arguing that the past accomplishments were cumulative and "would raise us to a higher standing-point from which we may see much that will make the right road clearer to us".

## Life

Born in Harrow, London, he was the eldest son of James Carthew Quick, a prosperous merchant. Quick was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1854 and was ordained the following year. Afterwards he was assistant to Joseph Merriman at Cranleigh School; and assistant master at Harrow School, appointed by Henry Montagu Butler, an old friend.
Quick was the first to lecture at Cambridge on the history of education (1879), to the new teachers' training syndicate.

## Works

* Essays on Educational Reformers (1868; second enlarged edition, 1890)
Quick also wrote on Friedrich Fröbel, edited John Locke's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1880), and reprinted with notes Richard Mulcaster's Positions (1888).

## Legacy

Quick's personal library forms what is now the greater part of the Quick Memorial Library collection at the University of London Research library. Books, pamphlets and periodicals are included, dealing with most aspects of education.

## Family

Quick married Bertha, a daughter of General Thomas Chase Parr. They had a son, Oliver Chase Quick, and a daughter, Dora.
Quick had a younger brother, Frederick James Quick (1836—1902), also educated at Harrow and Cambridge, who never married. He went into the family firm and left most of his fortune to the University of Cambridge.
# Baishatun railway station

Baishatun (Chinese: 白沙屯車站; pinyin: Báishātún Chēzhàn) is a railway station on the Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) West Coast line (coastal) located in Tongxiao Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan.

## History

The station was opened on 11 October 1922.

## Around the station

* Taiyen Tongxiao Tourism Factory
# Tai Tau Chau (Sai Kung District)

Tai Tau Chau also known for its less popular name Urn Island, is an island in the water body Sham Tuk Mun (深篤門), Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. Inner Port Shelter and Rocky Harbour are in close proximity to the island.

## History

The name Urn Island was mentioned in Asiatic Pilot by the U.S. Hydrographic Office in 1910. The book described that vessels can enter Rocky Harbour from Port Shelter by passing through water passage near islets Urn Island (Tai Tau Chau) and Yim Tin Tsai. The book recommends to use sea chart as a guide, as the channel is narrow.
Since the 1980s, some part of the island became an approval burial site for fishermen.

## Biodiversity

62 species of vascular plant were discovered on the island.

## Economy

Several floating fish farms were located in the waters next to the island, known as Tai Tau Chau Fish Culture Zone. In 1982, councillors of the Sai Kung District Board, had requested to expand the area of the Fish Culture Zone, in order to accommodate fishermen from nearby Lap Sap Chau [zh]. In 1989, a refugee camp for Vietnamese was proposed to establish on High Island, a former island that near to the Fish Culture Zone. Councillors and fishermen worried that sea water of the Fish Culture Zone would be polluted by the increasing human population.
In the past, the fish rafts were used for commercial fish farming. Brown-dotted grouper and red grouper were the dominant species to culture in the Tai Tau Chau Fish Culture Zone.
However, in recent years some of them were converted to use by the tourists for recreational fishing. Red tides were also observed, affecting the Fish Culture Zone.
In 2019, a teen tourist was drowned in a fish farm of the island.

## Permitted Burial Ground

The island hosts Permitted Burial Grounds (PBGs), land used for graves. In 2021, the government took action against illegal burials on the island.
# Youyi Subdistrict, Shijiazhuang

Youyi Subdistrict, Shijiazhuang (Chinese: 友谊街道) is a township-level division of Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
# Sangu

Sangu may refer to:
* Sangu people
* Sangu clan, a clan of Gujjar community
* Sangu dynasty, Gurjar (Gujjar) dynasty of Kashmir
* Sangu language (Gabon)
* Sangu language (Tanzania)
* Sanghu, Taplejung, Nepal
* Sangu River, Bangladesh
* Sangu (armour), samurai armour
# Tee (symbol)

The tee (⊤, \top in LaTeX), also called down tack (as opposed to the up tack) or verum, is a symbol used to represent:
* The top element in lattice theory.
* The truth value of being true in logic, or a sentence (e.g., formula in propositional calculus) which is unconditionally true. By definition, every tautology is logically equivalent to the verum.
* The top type in type theory.
* Mixed radix encoding in the APL programming language.
* A lowered phonic in the International Phonetic Alphabet and phonetics. In this usage, it is usually written under the primary IPA symbol.
A similar-looking superscript T may be used to mean the transpose of a matrix.

## Encoding

In Unicode, the tee character is encoded as U+22A4 ⊤ DOWN TACK (&DownTee;, &top;). The symbol is encoded in LaTeX as \top.
A large variant is encoded as U+27D9 ⟙ LARGE DOWN TACK in the Unicode block Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A.
# Tomàs Garcés

Tomàs Garcés i Miravet (Catalan pronunciation:; 9 October 1901 – 16 November 1993, Barcelona) was a Catalan poet and lawyer.
Garcés was born in Barcelona. He studied law, philosophy, and literature at the University of Barcelona.
At the time of the Spanish Civil War Garcés fled to France where he was a teacher of Spanish language in the University of Toulouse. He returned to Catalonia in 1947.
Tomas was called "The Catalan poet of song" for his short regular verses.
He worked in several literary publications: Mar Vella, which he founded, and also Ariel, Serra d'Or, Revista de Catalunya and also La Publicitat, in which he published his works under the pseudonym "Ship-Boy".
For his works he was awarded several prizes, including The City of Barcelona Award, The Generalitat de Catalunya award, Crítica Serra d'Or, Creu de Sant Jordi and Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes.
# Riedel's thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis, is a chronic form of thyroiditis. It is now believed that Riedel's thyroiditis is one manifestation of a systemic disease that can affect many organ systems called IgG4-related disease. It is often a multi-organ disease affecting pancreas, liver, kidney, salivary and orbital tissues and retroperitoneal space. The hallmarks of the disease are fibrosis and infiltration by IgG4 secreting plasma cells.

## Signs and symptoms

IgG4-related autoimmune diseases are characterized by excessive fibrosis. In case of Riedel's thyroiditis, fibrosis extends beyond the capsule and involves contiguous neck structures, clinically simulating thyroid carcinoma. There is a rapid thyroid enlargement. Compression of trachea, dysphagia are probable outcomes. Marked thyroid follicular cell atrophy confirms hypothyroidism. Signs of hypothyroidism include myxedema, lethargy, cold-intolerance, apathy, slowed intellectual functions, dysthymia or simply depressive-mood, decreased sympathetic activity induced constipation and decreased perspiration. Reduced cardiac output contributes shortness of breath and decreased blood flow explains skin pallor.

## Pathophysiology

Riedel's thyroiditis is characterized by a replacement of the normal thyroid parenchyma by a dense fibrosis that invades adjacent structures of the neck and extends beyond the thyroid capsule. This makes the thyroid gland stone-hard (woody) and fixed to adjacent structures. The inflammatory process infiltrates muscles and causes symptoms of tracheal compression. Surgical treatment is required to relieve tracheal or esophageal obstruction.

## Diagnosis

It typically present as a painless, hard anterior neck mass, which progresses over weeks to years to produce symptoms of compression, including dysphagia, dyspnea choking and hoarseness. Patients may present with symptoms of hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism as the gland is replaced by Fibrous tissues . Physical examination reveals a hard "woody" thyroid gland with fixation to surrounding tissue. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed by open thyroid biopsy because the firm and Fibrous nature of the gland renders FNAB inadequate.

## Treatment

Therapy usually consists of prednisolone, nonetheless some cases may require surgery. Tamoxifen has been proposed as part of a treatment plan.
Treatment is directed to surgical relief of compressive symptoms. Tamoxifen may also be beneficial.The type of surgery which is indicated here is isthmectomy.

## Prevalence

Riedel's thyroiditis is classified as rare. Most patients remain euthyroid, but approximately 30% of patients become hypothyroid and very few patients are hyperthyroid. It is most commonly seen in women.

## Eponym

It is named for Bernhard Riedel. He first recognized the disease In 1883 and published its description in 1896.