OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soda locomotive

Soda locomotives were a variant of fireless locomotives, in which steam was raised in a boiler, expanded through cylinders in the usual way, and then condensed in a tank of caustic soda that surrounded the boiler. Dissolving water in caustic soda liberated heat, which generated more steam from the boiler, until the caustic soda became too dilute to release heat at a useful temperature.

## Technical description

These closed-loop steam engines had no firebox. The boiler was jacketed by a container loaded with about 5 tons of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). When water or steam came in contact with the caustic soda, it would generate heat—enough to actually run the boiler and generate more steam. Steam emanating from the boiler would be fed through pistons to propel the locomotive forward, and the exhaust steam from the pistons would be fed into the caustic soda to continue the cycle. These vehicles were virtually silent, because the steam was not released into the atmosphere.
A soda locomotive could run for several hours, but eventually the soda would become diluted and wouldn't produce enough heat to continue generating steam. For reconcentrating, the caustic soda was either transferred out of the boiler of the locomotive and boiled in open vats, or, rather more conveniently, by injecting superheated steam at a high enough temperature to boil off the water in solution. A stationary boiler would be hooked up and feed superheated steam through the soda to boil off the water and effectively recharge the soda.
These locomotives were always called "soda locomotives" (sodium carbonate) although "caustic soda locomotives" (sodium hydroxide) would be a more precise description. The misleading terminology was most likely used, to increase their acceptance by the public, which was used to using washing soda but might have been frightened by the nasty alkali burns sitting next to several tons of hot caustic soda.
Other salts such as calcium chloride could also be used.

## Advantages and disadvantages
### Advantages

* The soda locomotives were quiet, by which they were more beneficial than compressed-air motors.
* The soda locomotives did not leave any smoke, sparks or soot.
* Low quality coal could be used in the fixed installation that reconcentrated the caustic soda.
* There was no need to carry coal around.

### Disadvantages

* The weight of the big tank of caustic soda reduced performance or efficiency.
* The risk of nasty burns caused by caustic soda. A boiler explosion would have had very serious consequences.
* The reconcentration boilers needed to be replaced regularly due to corrosion.

## Locomotives

* The Perkins calcium chloride engine, 1864
* The Spence caustic soda boiler, 1874
* The Honigmann caustic soda locomotive, 1885
* The Baldwin soda motors, 1886
# Roglić

Roglić (Serbian Cyrillic: Роглић) is a Serbo-Croatian surname. Roglič is a Slovenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iva Roglić (born 1988), Serbian basketballer
* Primož Roglič (born 1989), Slovenian professional racing cyclist
* Zoran Roglić (born 1976), Croatian footballer
# Caldecote, Hertfordshire

Caldecote is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located around three miles north of Baldock and around a mile and a half east of Stotfold in the neighbouring county of Bedfordshire. The Great North Road passes just to the west of the village.
Caldecote forms part of the Caldecote and Newnham grouped parish council, which covers an area of only 325 acres (1.32 km$^2$). The village consists of a cluster of cottages around the redundant Church of St. Mary Magdalene, which dates from the 14th and 15th centuries and is in Perpendicular style. The church is currently in the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches charity.
To the south of the church is a manor house dating from the 14th century.
In the year 1724, several Roman urns, containing burnt bones and ashes, were discovered in this parish.
During the 1970s archaeological excavations were carried out for a number of summers under the direction of Professor Guy Beresford. These revealed that during the 12th and 13th centuries there were approximately nine crofts lying to the north of the church and possibly three others close to the northwest boundary of the present manor garden. The population declined heavily during the mid-14th century, mainly due to the Black Death; no subsidy was paid in 1428 indicating that by then there were fewer than ten householders. The excavations demonstrated that after the manor was granted to the Priory the lands of the peasantry were gradually amalgamated.
# Wade Regehr

Wade G. Regehr is a Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School's Department of Neurobiology.

## Early biography

Born in Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Regehr attended the University of Regina in Canada where he received the Governor General's Award, then received his Ph.D. at Caltech in applied physics with David Rutledge. His doctorate was at the interface between neuroscience and electrical engineering.

## Research

Regehr's laboratory studies the implication of calcium Ca$^{2+}$ as it affects synaptic strength. Neurons communicate with one another via synapses. Regehr was one of the first to use fluorescent imaging to see the synaptic activity occurring in the brain. A dye alters the fluorescence properties when attached to calcium, and changes in intracellular calcium are associated with neuronal activity (firing of action potentials). Using fluorescence-microscopy techniques, calcium levels are detected, and therefore the influx of calcium in the presynaptic neuron.
Calcium processes affect the release of neurotransmitter from the axon terminal. (Occasionally this happens in reverse).
Chemical synapses are characterized by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across a synaptic cleft to bind with postsynaptic receptors. A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that is synthesized within neurons themselves and released by these same neurons to communicate with their postsynaptic target cells. By studying the physiological process and mechanisms, a further understanding is made of synaptic depression and delayed release of the neurotransmitter, synaptic potentiation, facilitation and other calcium dependent chemical processes.

## Awards

Regehr received the Governor General's Award after receiving his undergraduate degree from the University of Regina. Regehr has been awarded the Senator Jacob Javits Award in the Neurosciences. This award provides funding for a possible seven years to research neurological disorders. The funding is provided by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Regehr's study of short term synaptic plasticity (synapse strength during behavioral tasks) is relevant to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia and depression.
Regehr also was granted a scholar award from The McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience for The Role of Presynaptic Calcium in Plasticity at Central Synapses in 1993. The McKnight Scholar Awards are given to PhD candidates who have an interest in the study of disorders affecting learning and memory. The funding establishes laboratories for emerging neuroscientists who can develop clinical neuroscience research.
# Socialist Democratic Federation (Japan)

The Socialist Democratic Federation (社会民主連合, Shakai-minshu-rengō) (SDF), also referred to in Japanese by the shortened Shaminren (社民連), was a Japanese political party that existed from 1978 to 1994. It was formed from the merger of the Socialist Citizen's Federation (社会市民連合, Shakai-shimin-rengō) and the Shakai Club (社会クラブ, Shakai-kurabu).

## History

The Socialist Democratic Federation was a splinter party of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP). Its emergence followed a series of upheavals involving this left-wing, opposition political party, which began with the establishment of the Democratic Socialist Party in January 1960 and the later reemergence of the Japan Communist Party (JCP). The exodus of its membership is partly attributed to the perceived pro-Communist tendencies on the part of the JSP leadership during the political crisis involving the revision of Japan's Mutual Security Treaty with the United States. Experts also blame a diminished public support for the socialist party, particularly in big cities. The process continued until the next decade when the Shaminren finally split off from JSP. By this time, JSP was already in severe disarray it was ridiculed as Ni-hon (two-volumed) Shokaito (socialist party).
The Socialist Democratic Federation became part of the non-liberal coalition that elected Morihiro Hosokawa as Japan's Prime Minister in 1993. During this election, the Shaminren obtained 0.7 percent share of the vote, securing four seats in the Japanese House of Representatives.

### Socialist Citizen Federation (SCF)

In 1977, Hideo Den, Yutaka Hara and Yanosuke Narazaki defected from the SDP and formed the Shakai Club party.
In 1993, Satsuki Eda was head of the Science and Technology Agency in Morihiro Hosokawa's cabinet.

## List of presidents of the Socialist Democratic Federation (SDF)

* Hideo Den (March 1978 – February 1985)
* Satsuki Eda (February 1985 – May 1994)
# Tornado (Coney Island)

Tornado (formerly known as Bobs) was a roller coaster located at Coney Island along Bowery Street in Brooklyn, New York City. Designed by Fred Church and built by the L. A. Thompson Company, the roller coaster cost $250,000 to build and opened in 1926. Much like the neighboring Coney Island Cyclone, it was a hybrid design consisting of a wooden track and steel structure. The coaster's track wrapped around a tower atop which the ride's name was attached. The land under the coaster was narrow, only 70 feet wide at its widest.
In 1977, much of the coaster was destroyed by arson. The coaster was completely demolished in April 1978.
# The Best Man Wins

The Best Man Wins may refer to:
* The Best Man Wins (1910 film), a 1910 silent film by Thanhouser
* The Best Man Wins (1911 film), a 1911 silent film by Nestor
* Best Man Wins, a 1948 film by Columbia Pictures
* The Best Man Wins (1935 film), a 1935 film starring Bela Lugosi
# Perfect Gentlemen

Perfect Gentlemen were an American trio of teen R&B vocalists formed under the direction of Maurice Starr, who discovered New Edition and New Kids on the Block.
Starr put the group together in Boston in 1988, and had them tour the US opening for New Kids on the Block. An album and a video followed, and the group scored a hit single with "Ooh La La (I Can't Get over You)" (1990), which peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 12 on the R&B/Hip Hop charts.

## Members

* Corey Blakely
* Maurice Starr Jr.
* Tyrone Sutton (on Rated PG)
* Miles "Masspike Miles" Wheeler (on The Perfect Gentlemen)
* Stephen Reeves (on The Perfect Gentlemen)

## Discography

* Rated PG (Columbia Records, 1990) U.S. Billboard Top 200 peak No. 72, U.S. R&B peak No. 39
* The Perfect Gentlemen (Warner Bros. Records, 1993)
# African Surface

The African Surface or African Erosion Surface is a land surface formed by erosion covering large swathes of Africa. The type area of the surface lies in South Africa where the surface was first identified as such by Lester Charles King in the mid-20th century.
The term was coined by King for certain high surfaces in southern Africa. Over the years he redefined it various times leaving some confusion not on its reality but on the matter of its precise meaning and extent. In 2008 the term was redefined as a composite surface. According to the 2008 study the African Surface is made up by etchplains formed between 70 and 40 million years ago. In this sense the existence of parts of the African Surface at different elevations is the result of continental-scale warping due to endogenic forces.
In Central Africa the African Surface can be found in uplifted position in several domes and elongated bulges between these domes and also in downwarped basins. The domes include the East African, Ethiopian, Cameroon, Angola, the Central African Atlantic Swell and the Central African Rise. Subdued regions include the Congo Basin where the African Surface lies about 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level and the Turkana Gap. In the interior of Western Africa the so-called Bauxitic Surface has been identified as equivalent to the African Surface.
# Smoots, Virginia

Smoots is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Sithaung

Sithaung is a village in Bhamo Township in Bhamo District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Vlachs of North Macedonia

Vlachs of North Macedonia may refer to:
* Aromanians, commonly known as "Vlachs" in North Macedonia
** Aromanians in North Macedonia
* Megleno-Romanians, also commonly known as "Vlachs" in the country
** Megleno-Romanians in North Macedonia
# Poecilomigas elegans

Poecilomigas elegans is a species of spiders in the family Migidae. It is found in South Africa.
# Wallenia clusioides

Wallenia clusioides is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.
# Socialist Democracy (disambiguation)

Socialist democracy is a political system that aligns with principles of both socialism and democracy.
Socialist Democracy may also refer to:
* Socialist Democracy (Brazil)
* Socialist Democracy (Spain)
* Socialist Democracy of Guinea
# Tordandrea

Tordandrea is a frazione of the comune of Assisi in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 190 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 898 inhabitants.
# The Blues Never Die!

The Blues Never Die! is an album by the blues pianist and vocalist Otis Spann, recorded in Chicago in 1964 and released by the Prestige label the following year.
The story behind this album is unusual to say the least… but then again, it was the 1960’s! Producer Sam Charters had hosted a folk concert at Carnegie Hall where the Muddy Waters band had played. Muddy called Charters the next day to say that they hadn't been paid enough to get back to Chicago, and asked the producer to arrange a session for them which Charters did. Since Muddy was on contract to Chess, he was not to sing a lead vocal or to play a slide solo. Nor could they use his name. This album predated Charters' great "Chicago /The Blues /Today!" trilogy that was a further step in the careers of both Spann and Cotton.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings | |
| Record Mirror | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
AllMusic reviewer Alex Henderson stated: "Boasting fellow Chicago blues dynamo James Cotton on both harmonica and lead vocals, The Blues Never Die! is one of Otis Spann's most inspired albums ... Spann and Cotton enjoy a very strong rapport on this consistently rewarding date."

## Track listing

All compositions by Otis Spann except where noted
* "The Blues Never Die" − 3:40
* "I Got a Feeling" − 2:50
* "One More Mile to Go" (James Cotton) − 3:45
* "Feelin' Good" (Cotton) − 3:25
* "After Awhile" − 3:57
* "Dust My Broom" (Elmore James) − 2:40
* "Straighten Up, Baby" (Cotton) − 2:30
* "Come On" − 2:38
* "Must Have Been the Devil" − 2:38
* "Lightnin'" (Cotton) − 2:40
* "I'm Ready" (Muddy Waters) − 3:03

## Personnel

* Otis Spann − vocals, piano
* Dirty Rivers − guitar
* James "Pee Wee" Madison − guitar
* James Cotton − harmonica, vocals
* Milton Rector − bass
* S. P. Leary – drums
# Perth Road Village

Perth Road Village is a community in Ontario. It is named for the Perth Road where it is located, which was one of the first roads to connect Kingston, Ontario on Lake Ontario to the then-major inland community of Perth, Ontario. Following the Perth Road, the village is 23 kilometres (14 miles) north of Kingston and 28 kilometres (17 miles) south of Westport, Ontario, which are the two closest major communities.
44°28′01″N 76°29′28″W﻿ / ﻿44.467°N 76.491°W﻿ / 44.467; -76.491
* This Ontario location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aegiceras

Aegiceras is a genus of trees and shrubs from Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia and the Pacific Island,. and in Australia, in the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia. They occur as mangroves in coastal or estuarine areas.
The genus was first described in 1788 by Joseph Gaertner. The genus name, Aegiceras, derives from two Greek words: aix ("goat") and keras ("horn", and describes the genus as having fruits with horns like a goat.

## Species

There are two species accepted by Plants of the World online.
* Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco
* Aegiceras floridum Roem. & Schult.
# Speluzzi

Speluzzi is a village and rural locality (municipality) in La Pampa Province in Argentina.
# Shulehabad

Shulehabad may refer to:
* Shulehabad-e Olya
* Shulehabad-e Sofla
# Roemer Visscher

Roemer Pieterszoon Visscher (1547 – 19 February 1620) was a successful Dutch merchant, the first Dutch underwriter and writer of the Dutch Golden Age.

## Life

Visscher was born in and lived in Amsterdam and was an important and central figure of the cultural scene there and member of the rederijkerskamer De Eglantier with as slogan "In liefde bloeiende" ("Blossoming in love"). Other members of this scene were the Dutch writers P.C. Hooft, Bredero and Vondel. Vondel called Visschers house "het saligh Roemers huys" ("delightful house of Roemer"), because artists of all kinds visited his house on the Gelderse Kade in Amsterdam, varying from painters to poets. Roemer was the father of three daughters Maria Tesselschade Visscher, Gertruid, and Anna Visscher.

## Works

The humanistic and moralistic content of his works belongs to the period of the Renaissance, although the form was more conservative and characteristic to the rederijkers. Visscher was a specialist in the epigram, but he also wrote emblemata. The emblemata is a genre in which pictures are accompanied by one or two rhyming sentences. An example of the emblemata is Visschers Sinnepoppen. One emblema is called "Elck wat wils" which is still a common expression in Dutch, meaning "To each his own".
Among his works are:
* T'loff vande mutse, ende van een blaewe scheen (1612)
* Brabbeling (1614)
* Sinnepoppen (1614)
# Plato, Indiana

Plato is an unincorporated community in Bloomfield Township, LaGrange County, Indiana.

## History

A post office opened at Plato in 1890, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1901. The community was likely named for the philosopher Plato.
# Wallenia erythrocarpa

Wallenia erythrocarpa is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.
# Solicitors Act 1974

The Solicitors Act 1974 (c. 47) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom governing the regulation and responsibilities of practicing solicitors, and the firms for whom they work, as well as stipulating under what circumstances one can practise as a solicitor. It also sets out the powers used by the solicitors governing body, the Solicitors Regulation Authority.
The act reserves certain activities for solicitors. Broadly, these include:
* Preparing and lodging certain documents concerning the conveyance or charging of land; Since repealed.
* Certain probate functions
* Undertaking litigation in open court
# Aegidienberger

The Aegidienberger is a modern German breed of riding horse. It is named for the borough of Aegidienberg in the Rheinland, where it was bred in the latter part of the twentieth century. It is a cross of two foreign breeds, the Peruvian Paso and the Icelandic. Like the Icelandic horse, it can perform the tölt, a fast ambling gait.

## Characteristics

The Aegidienberger has a short, muscular, and upright neck with a head that is carried proudly. Overall, it has a strong and sturdy build.

## History

The Aegidienberger is a cross between two breeds foreign to Germany, the Peruvian Paso and the Icelandic horse. Selection was specifically for the ability to perform the tölt, a fast ambling gait; horses without this ability are excluded from registration. A breed society or interest group, the Interessengemeinschaft und Förderverein für Aegidienbergerpferde, was formed in 1994.
In the twenty-four years from 1997 to 2020, numbers reported for the breed have never exceeded 60; in 2020 the breeding population was reported to be 29, consisting of 23 mares and 6 stallions. Its conservation status is critical.

## Use

The Aegidienberger was bred to be a comfortable riding horse with the tölt gait of the Icelandic, but rather larger and with better adaptation to warmer climates.$^{:180}$
# Si Tianfeng

Si Tianfeng (Chinese: 司天峰, Sī Tiānfēng, born June 17, 1984, in Xintai, Shandong) is a Chinese race walker. He represented China at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, finishing 17th. He also competed in the 50 km walk at the 2009 Chinese National Games and won the bronze medal. Si set a Games record to take the gold medal in the 50 km walk at the 2010 Asian Games. He was fourth at the World Race Walking Cup that year.
He won the Taicang meet on the IAAF Race Walking Challenge in April 2011, but came fourth that was retrospectively upgraded to bronze after the original gold medalist was caught doping at the World Championships that year.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he won the silver medal in the men's 50 km race walk, in a personal best of 3:37:16. In May 2012, he also won bronze at the World Racing Cup in Saransk retrospectively upgraded to silver medal after the original gold medalist was disqualified for doping.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing China ||||||
| 2006 | World Race Walking Cup | A Coruña, Spain | 20th | 50 km | 3:57:54 |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 17th | 50 km | 3:52:58 |
| 2010 | World Race Walking Cup | Chihuahua, Mexico | 4th | 50 km | 3:55:06 |
| 2010 | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 1st | 50 km | 3:47:04 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 3rd | 50 km | 3:44:40 |
| 2012 | World Race Walking Cup | Saransk, Russia | 2nd | 50 km | 3:43:05 |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 2nd | 50 km | 3:37:16 |