OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# COMP128

The COMP128 algorithms are implementations of the A3 and A8 functions defined in the GSM standard. A3 is used to authenticate the mobile station to the network. A8 is used to generate the session key used by A5 to encrypt the data transmitted between the mobile station and the BTS.
There are three versions of COMP128. They were originally confidential. A partial description of the first version was leaked in 1997 and completed via reverse engineering. This led to a full publication in 1998. The second and third versions were obtained via reverse engineering of software which verifies SIM cards compliance.

## Introduction

For details on the way A3 and A8 are used see Authentication Center.
A3 and A8 both take a 128-bit key (K$_i$) and a 128-bit challenge (RAND) as inputs. A3 produces a 32-bit response (SRES) and A8 produces a 64-bit session key (K$_c$). A3/A8 is the combined function with K$_i$ and RAND as inputs and SRES and K$_c$ as outputs.
As A3 and A8 are not further specified, operators can freely choose the concrete algorithms used for A3 and A8.

## COMP128 algorithms

The COMP128 algorithms implement the A3/A8 function. There are three of them:
* COMP128-1 – original algorithm with known weaknesses
* COMP128-2 – stronger algorithm which still clears the 10 rightmost bits of K$_c$
* COMP128-3 – same algorithm as COMP128-2 with all 64 bits of K$_c$ generated
All of them are built around a compression function with two 128 bits inputs and one 128 bits output, hence their names. K$_i$ and RAND are used as the inputs of the compression function. Bits from its output are then used to fill SRES and K$_c$.

## COMP128-1 description

COMP128-1 uses a compression function with eight rounds which is based on a butterfly structure with five stages. SRES is filled with the first 32 bits of the output. K$_c$ is filled with the last 54 bits of the output followed by ten zeroes.
For a full description of the algorithm, the reader can view the OsmocomBB implementation.

## COMP128-2/3 description

The implementation of COMP128-2 and COMP128-3 is noticeably more complex than COMP128-1. For a full description of the algorithm, the reader can view the OsmocomBB implementation or FreeRADIUS implementation, both based on the Python code from the Secrets of Sim article. COMP128-2 is identical to COMP128-3 except for the fact that at the end, it clears the 10 rightmost bits of K$_c$.

## Security

The COMP128-1 hash function is considered weak because there is insufficient diffusion of small changes in the input. Practical attacks have been demonstrated that can recover the subscriber key from the SIM.
The session keys produced by COMP128-1 and COMP128-2 intentionally have only 54 bits of entropy. This significantly weakens the A5 or A6 encryption.
# Pacal

Pacal may refer to:
* Pacal (genus), a genus of arachnid, belonging to order of schizomids (shorttailed whipscorpions), endemic to Mexico
* K'inich Janaab' Pakal AKA Pacal the Great, 7th-century ruler of the pre-Columbian Maya site of Palenque, in what is now Chiapas, Mexico
* Pacal, a Hungarian stewed tripe and onions (pacalpörkölt), see pörkölt
* Pachal, a Coahuiltecan tribe sometimes spelled Pacal
# Adolf Kaufmann

Adolf Kaufmann (15 May 1848, in Troppau – 25 November 1916, in Vienna) was an Austrian landscape and marine artist.

## Biography

He was initially self-taught, but completed his studies with the animal painter, Émile van Marcke, in Paris and undertook several study trips, throughout Europe and the Middle East. His residence alternated between Paris, Berlin, Düsseldorf and Munich.
In 1890, he decided to settle in Vienna and opened a studio in the Wieden district. In 1900, together with Carl von Merode [de] and Heinrich Lefler, he opened an "Art School for Ladies". He continued to visit Paris frequently and, when he painted there, signed his works with the pseudonym "A. Guyot". Other names he signed with include "A. Papouschek", "G. Salvi", "A. Jarptmann", "R. Neiber", "J. Rollin" and "M. Bandouch". Why he did this is unclear, although his choice of signature often reflects stylistic differences.
His landscapes were influenced by the Barbizon school and the style known as "paysage intime", both of which he was exposed to in France during the 1870s.
He was a frequent exhibitor and won numerous awards; notably at the Exposition Universelle (1900). From 1890 to 1913, he was a member of the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts; representing them at exhibitions at the Glaspalast in Munich and the Große Berliner Kunstausstellung. He became a full member of the Vienna Künstlerhaus in 1909. His travels continued until they were cut short by the beginning of World War I.
Many of his works were acquired by members of Royal and noble families; notably Emperor Napoleon III, Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen, Tsar Nicholas II and Queen Isabella II of Spain. His works may be seen at the Silesian Museum (Opava), the Pera Museum in Istanbul and the Leopold Museum in Vienna.

## Selected paintings

* Mediterranean Landscape with Ancient Temple
* The brushwood collector
* In the Harbor
* Landscape with a Pond
* Flock of Sheep on a Rainy Day

## Sources

* Anna Ahrens/Lisa Hackmann: "Kaufmann, Adolf (Pseud.: u.a. A. Guyot)" In: Savoy, Bénédicte und Nerlich, France (Eds.): Pariser Lehrjahre. Ein Lexikon zur Ausbildung deutscher Maler in der französischen Hauptstadt. Vol. 2: 1844–1870. De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2015 ISBN 978-3-11-031477-9
* Heinrich Fuchs: Die österreichischen Maler des 19. Jahrhunderts, self published, Vienna, 1973, Vol.2
* "Kaufmann Adolf". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 3, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1965, p. 269 f. (Direct links to "p. 269", "p. 270")
# Ramsay Hunt syndrome

Three different neurological syndromes carry the name of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Their only connection is that they were all first documented by the famous neurologist James Ramsay Hunt (1872–1937).
* Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1, also called Ramsay Hunt cerebellar syndrome, is a rare form of cerebellar degeneration which involves myoclonic epilepsy, progressive ataxia, tremor, and a dementing process.
* Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 is the reactivation of herpes zoster in the geniculate ganglion. It is sometimes called herpes zoster oticus and has variable presentation which may include a lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve, deafness, vertigo, and pain. A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain, and vesicles on the face, on the ear, or in the ear is the typical presentation.
* Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 3 is a less commonly referenced condition, an occupationally induced neuropathy of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve. It is also called Hunt's disease or artisan's palsy.
# VEM Aktienbank

VEM Aktienbank is a Munich-based investment bank with a strong focus on corporate actions and designated sponsoring for exchange-listed SMEs. Having transacted over 250 capital increases and listings since its founding in 1997, VEM is a major player in the German IPO and secondary market. Services for overseas companies include dual listings or primary listings (floating or IPO) on all German market segments (Open Market, Entry Standard, General Standard, Prime Standard of Frankfurt Stock Exchange).
* This German bank or insurance-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Salic Law (solitaire)

Salic Law is a solitaire card game using two decks of 52 playing cards each. It is named after the Salic Law which prohibits women from ascending to the throne or obtaining inheritance.

## Rules

First, the Queens are taken out of the stock. Then a King is placed on the tableau. The rest on the cards are shuffled and dealt on the King to form a column. The player deals as many cards over the King until another King appears, starting a new column. This is done until all eight Kings are laid out and all cards have been dealt, resulting in eight columns of various lengths.
During dealing, whenever an Ace appears, it is put onto the foundations. In fact, once aces are in the foundations over the kings, they can be built up to Jacks regardless of suit, even while dealing is in progress as long as the top cards of the columns already dealt are available for play, as well as any applicable card that appears during dealing.
Once all cards have been dealt, building to the foundations continue. Cards on the tableau cannot be built on each other. However, a column containing just a King is considered vacant and any card can be placed there. One card can be moved at a time and as mentioned earlier, the top card of each column is available for play.
The game is won when all cards available are placed on the foundations with the Jacks on the top of the foundations and the Kings exposed.
Sometimes, players still give the Queens a decorative role by putting them between the foundations and the King columns or shuffling them with the rest of the deck and putting them between the foundations and the columns later.

## Variants

In the rules described by David Parlett, when a King becomes exposed in the tableau it is permissible to transfer the end-card of a column to it as a temporary reserve. Under this rule the game can often be completed successfully. Some implementations of Salic Law in software programs disallow this, making the game much harder to win.
Intrigue is similar to Salic Law, but also involves the queens and building in the foundations goes both ways, downwards from the 5s and upwards from the 6s. Also closely related to Salic Law is Faerie Queen.
# Ambiste

Ambiste is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Ambiste has 136 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 52.21%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 632 | 278 | 354 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 134 | 55 | 79 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 632 | 278 | 354 |
| Literates | 260 | 155 | 105 |
| Workers (all) | 392 | 179 | 213 |
| Main workers (total) | 291 | 136 | 155 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 210 | 100 | 110 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 53 | 23 | 30 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 28 | 13 | 15 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 101 | 43 | 58 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 43 | 21 | 22 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 49 | 19 | 30 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 7 | 2 | 5 |
| Non-workers | 240 | 99 | 141 |
# Témiscaming/Lac Kipawa Water Aerodrome

Témiscaming/Lac Kipawa Water Aerodrome, formerly TC LID: CSG8, was located 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northeast of Témiscaming, Quebec, Canada.
# Ruff Town Behavior

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Ruff Town Behavior is the third studio album by American hip hop group Poison Clan. It was released on June 25, 1993 via Luke Records, making it the group's final record for the label. Production was handled by Mike "Fresh" McCray, Professor Griff, and Swift, with Luther Campbell serving as executive producer.
The album was Poison Clan's most successful album, having made it to #97 on the Billboard 200, #12 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #12 on the Top Heatseekers. However it featured just one charting single, "Put Shit Pass No Ho", which made it to #94 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Jeff "JT Money" Thompkins, except track 21 written with Clayvoise, Sir Gucci & Toby Dick; all music is composed by Mike "Fresh" McCray, except track 23 produced by Swift and track 25 produced by Professor Griff

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 97 |
# Porthesaroa brunea

Porthesaroa brunea is a moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae. It is found in central Madagascar.
The males of this species have a wingspan of 20–24 mm. The head, front and palpa are yellow, antennae brownish and pectinated. Forewings are dark brown, hindwings chocolate brown, underside of the wings is chocolate brown.
The holotype of this species had been found central Madagascar at an altitude of 1200 m.
# COMMD3-BMI1

The COMMD3-BMI1 gene in humans encodes the COMMD3-BMI1 readthrough protein.

## Function

This locus represents naturally occurring read-through transcription between the neighboring COMM domain-containing protein 3 and polycomb complex protein BMI-1 genes on chromosome 10. The read-through transcript produces a fusion protein that shares sequence identity with each individual gene product.
# Pacajá

Pacajá is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Minimal recursion semantics

Minimal recursion semantics (MRS) is a framework for computational semantics. It can be implemented in typed feature structure formalisms such as head-driven phrase structure grammar and lexical functional grammar. It is suitable for computational language parsing and natural language generation. MRS enables a simple formulation of the grammatical constraints on lexical and phrasal semantics, including the principles of semantic composition. This technique is used in machine translation.
Early pioneers of MRS include Ann Copestake, Dan Flickinger, Carl Pollard, and Ivan Sag.
# Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by myoclonus epilepsy, intention tremor, progressive ataxia and occasionally cognitive impairment
It has also been alternatively called dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica, dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva, dentatorubral degeneration, or Ramsay Hunt cerebellar syndrome.

## Presentation

Onset of symptoms usually occurs in early adulthood and is characterized by intention tremor, progressive ataxia, convulsions, and myoclonic epileptic jerks. Tremors usually affect one extremity, primarily the upper limb, and eventually involve the entire voluntary motor system. Overall, the lower extremity is usually disturbed less often than the upper extremity. Additional features of the syndrome include: an unsteady gait, seizures, muscular hypotonia, reduced muscular coordination, asthenia, adiadochokinesia and errors with estimating range, direction, and force of voluntary movements. Mental deterioration can, rarely, occur.

## Causes

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is caused by the impairment of a regulatory mechanism between cerebellar and brainstem nuclei and has been associated with a wide range of diseases, including Lafora disease, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, and celiac disease.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is different to individual people with the syndrome.

## Treatment

Treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is specific to individual symptoms. Myoclonus and seizures may be treated with drugs like valproate. Some have described this condition as difficult to characterize.

## Eponym

It is named for James Ramsay Hunt, who first described a form of progressive cerebellar dyssynergia associated with myoclonic epilepsy in 1921.
# Veraguan mango

The Veraguan mango (Anthracothorax veraguensis) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Panama and recently in Costa Rica. It was considered conspecific with the Green-breasted Mango (Anthracothorax prevostii) but was separated due to morphological and geographical differences in 1995.

## Description

The Veraguan mango is a medium-sized hummingbird species, reaching lengths of 11–12 cm. Both sexes are metallic green with a slightly decurved, dark grey beak, and black tail feathers with a red circle central to each feather. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males have a blueish breast and belly, whilst females have a white-cream belly with a dark teal stripe running down the breast. The morphology of the Veraguan mango is very similar to that of the Green-breasted mango, however it differs by the lack of black plumage on the throat. The black ventral stripe seen in the Green-breasted mango is teal coloured in female Veraguan mangos.

## Distribution and ecology

The species is named for the region it was first discovered in, Veraguas Province in Panama. However, it is common throughout much of the Pacific coastline of Panama and into Costa Rica. Until recently it was considered endemic to Panama, but has now been sighted in the southern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. In 2009 it was added to the official list of birds of Costa Rica. Like other hummingbird species, the Veraguan mango feeds on nectar and invertebrates. It has been observed feeding on the flowers of Erythrina gibbosa in Costa Rica, and other species in the genus Erythrina at other locations.

## Classification

Due to its similar morphology and overlapping distributions, the Veraguan mango was considered conspecific with the Green-breasted mango and was included in the species Anthracothorax prevostii. It was described as its own species, Anthracothorax veraguensis due to morphological differences such as the lack of black plumage on its underside. An analysis of the Trochilidae found that within the genus Anthracothorax, A. prevostii and A. veraguensis are indeed sister species.

## Conservation status

It is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. Its population size and population trend are not known, but are not believed to be sufficient to raise its status to Vulnerable. It is known to occupy a restricted range of approximately 57,300 km$^2$, however this is above the criterion needed to be listed as vulnerable.
# Salomé (Henri Regnault)

Salomé is a 19th-century painting by French artist Henri Regnault. Done in oil on canvas, the work depicts the biblical character Salome. The work debuted in the Paris salon of 1870, several months before Regnault was killed in the Franco-Prussian War. The work has been in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art since 1916.
# Ruggles Township, Ashland County, Ohio

Ruggles Township is one of the fifteen townships of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. The population was 955 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Located in the northwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* New London Township, Huron County - north
* Rochester Township, Lorain County - northeast corner
* Troy Township - east
* Orange Township - southeast
* Clear Creek Township - south
* Butler Township, Richland County - southwest
* Greenwich Township, Huron County - west
* Fitchville Township, Huron County - northwest corner
No municipalities are located in Ruggles Township.

## Name and history

It is the only Ruggles Township statewide.
This township is included in the region known as the Firelands and was originally a part of adjacent Huron County. It is named for Almon Ruggles, a surveyor retained by the Connecticut Land Company in 1808 and the first county recorder of Huron County.
Huron County was established by the Ohio General Assembly on February 7, 1809, and at the time comprised present-day Erie County (except a small part in the northwest), Huron County, Ruggles Township in Ashland County, Danbury Township in Ottawa County, and part of Catawba Island Township in Ottawa County - in short, the entire Firelands.
Ruggles Township was added to Ashland County when it was formed on February 24, 1846 from portions of Huron, Lorain, Richland, and Wayne counties.
Ruggles Township is home to Crittenden Farmhouse, a historic farmstead listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Post–earnings-announcement drift

In financial economics and accounting research, post–earnings-announcement drift or PEAD (also named the SUE effect) is the tendency for a stock’s cumulative abnormal returns to drift in the direction of an earnings surprise for several weeks (even several months) following an earnings announcement.

## Cause and effect

Once a firm's current earnings become known, the information content should be quickly digested by investors and incorporated into the efficient market price. However, it has long been known that this is not exactly what happens. For firms that report good news in quarterly earnings, their abnormal security returns tend to drift upwards for at least 60 days following their earnings announcement. Similarly, firms that report bad news in earnings tend to have their abnormal security returns drift downwards for a similar period. This phenomenon is called post-announcement drift.
This was initially proposed by the information content study of Ray J. Ball & P. Brown, 'An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers', Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn 1968, pp. 159–178. As one of major earnings anomalies, which supports the counterargument against market efficiency theory, PEAD is considered a robust finding and one of the most studied topics in financial market literature.

## Hypotheses

The phenomenon can be explained with a number of hypotheses. The most widely accepted explanation for the effect is investor under-reaction to earnings announcements.
Bernard & Thomas (1989) and Bernard & Thomas (1990) provided a comprehensive summary of PEAD research. According to Bernard & Thomas (1990), PEAD patterns can be viewed as including two components. The first component is a positive autocorrelation between seasonal difference (i.e., seasonal random walk forecast errors – the difference between the actual returns and forecasted returns) that is strongest for adjacent quarters, being positive over the first three lag quarters. Second, there is a negative auto correlation between seasonal differences that are four quarters apart.
# CKRQ-FM

CKRQ-FM is a First Nations community radio station that operates at 96.5 FM in Whapmagoostui, Quebec, Canada.
Owned by Whapmagoostui Aeyouch Telecommunications, the station received CRTC approval in 1994.