OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sanguisorba officinalis

Sanguisorba officinalis, commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.
It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall, which occurs in grasslands, growing well on grassy banks. It flowers June or July.
Sanguisorba officinalis is an important food plant for the European large blue butterflies Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius.

## Commercial uses

Use is made of its extensive root system for erosion control, as well as a bioremediator, used to reclaim derelict sites such as landfills.

## Ornamental

Sanguisorba officinalis is one of several Sanguisorba species cultivated as ornamental plants. The cultivar 'Tanna' is widely available, and has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The synonym Sanguisorba menziesii is also listed as having gained the Award.

## Ethnomedical uses

It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) where it is known by the name Di Yu. It is said to cool the blood, stop bleeding, clear heat, and heal wounds (Chinese Herbal Materia Medica by Dan Bensky).
Specifically, the root is used to stop bloody dysentery, nosebleeds, and is applied topically to treat burns and insect bites.

## Phytochemistry

Sanguiin H-6 is a dimeric ellagitannin that can be found in S. officinalis.
Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin that can be found in S. officinalis.
# Cambridge University Library, Ff. i.27

Cambridge University Library, Ff. i.27 is a composite manuscript at the University of Cambridge. It was formed by adding a 14th-century Bury St Edmunds book to a compendium of material from 12th-century northern England (items 1 to 11 in the Contents). The latter compendium had once been part of Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS 66. With its original content, it had at one time been at Sawley Abbey, though it was probably produced somewhere else, perhaps Durham. It is a source for the Durham poem, which describes the city and its relics.
Ff. 1.27 as a whole came together in the 15th century or later, but pages 1 to 236 are earlier; and paleographic evidence suggests that, with the exception of a continuation of Gildas' De excidio Britanniae dating to the 14th century, its material shares the same origin. Ff. i 27 and Corpus Christi 66 manuscripts probably had a common origin with Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS. 139 ("CCCC 139") as well, part of Ff. 1.27 being written in the same hand as part of 139's version of the Historia Regum.

## Contents

| Item | Pages | Description |
| 1 | 1–14 | Gildas, De Excidio Britanniae |
| 2 | 14–40 | Historia Britonnum (Nennian recension) |
| -- | 41–72 | 14th-century Bury St Edmunds book |
| 3 | 73–120 | Bede, De Temporibus |
| 4(a) | 122 | Preface to Symeon of Durham's Libellus de Exordio |
| 4(b) | 123–125 | Summary of Libellus de Exordio |
| 4(c) | 125–128 | Chapter headings for the Libellus de Exordio |
| 4(d) | 128–130 | Genealogy of Æthelwulf from William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum Anglorum (chs 115 and 116), Series Regum Northymbrensium and list of English bishoprics and shires |
| 4(e) | 129–186 | Symeon of Durham's Libellus de Exordio |
| 5 | 187–194 | A continuation of Libellus de Exordio to death of Geoffrey Rufus (died 1141), but including a passage on Hugh de Puiset (bishop of Durham 1153–1195) |
| 6 | 194 | List of Durham relics |
| 7 | 195–201 | Historia de Sancto Cuthberto |
| 8 | 201–202 | List of gifts from Æthelstan, king of England, to St Cuthbert |
| 9 | 203–220 | Æthelwulf, De Abbatibus |
| 10 | 221–236 | Richard of Hexham, De Statu et Episcopis Hagustaldensis Ecclesie |
| 11 | 237–252 | Gilbert of Limerick, De Statu Ecclesie |
| | 253–471 | Later material including, among other works, Gerald of Wales's De Descriptione Hybernie, his Expugnatio Hibernica, Vita Sancti Patricii Episcopi |
Most of the rest afterward is material relating to Wales.
# William Smith, 3rd Viscount Hambleden

William Henry Smith, 3rd Viscount Hambleden (25 July 1903 – 31 March 1948), was a British peer and a descendant of the founders of stationery group W H Smith, who was chairman and owner of the firm from 1928 until his death.

## Early life and career

Lord Hambleden was the 2nd child and eldest son of Frederick Smith and Esther Georgiana Caroline nee Gore (1870–1955), a daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford.
After his father's death in 1928, the family business, W H Smith, was reconstituted as a limited company, in which Smith owned all the ordinary shares and was chairman. On his death in 1948, the death duties were so severe that a public holding company had to be formed, and the shares were sold to W H Smith staff and the public. His younger brother, David John Smith, remained chairman until 1972, but the Smith family's control slipped away, and the last family member left the board in 1996.

## Marriage and family

His wife, Patricia Smith, Viscountess Hambleden was a Lady of the Bedchamber to HM Queen Elizabeth, later the Queen Mother. Patricia, Viscountess Hambleden, was appointed Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (DCVO), and, years later, to Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO). The couple had five children:
* William Herbert Smith (1930–2012)
* Laura Caroline Beatrice Smith (1931–2000). Her son, Charles Brand (b. 1954) is a godson of Princess Margaret.
* Katharine Patricia Smith (1933–2002). Her son, Patrick Moffatt (b. 1968) is also a godson of Princess Margaret.
* Richard Edward Smith (1937–2014)
* Philip Reginald Smith (b. 1945)
In 1961 his daughter, Katharine Smith, married the screenwriter Ivan Moffat, with whom she had two sons, Jonathan (born 1964) and Patrick Moffat (born 1968). The marriage was dissolved in 1972, and she married Peter Townend in 1973.
He succeeded to the title of Viscount Hambleden following his father's death in 1928. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William Herbert.
# Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center

Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center (Hebrew: מרכז מורשת יהדות בבל) is a museum and research center in Or Yehuda, Israel.

## History

The Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center was founded in 1973 as a non-profit institution for the purpose of collecting, preserving and commemorating the heritage of Babylonian Jewry. The Center operates a research institute, publishing house, library and archives.
The center's Museum of Babylonian Jewry opened to the public in 1988. It presents permanent and changing exhibitions.

## Center's divisions

The historic wing shows the history of Babylonian Jewry. The Ethnographic Division presents the way of life, the customs, and material culture. This division also collects items and clothes of Iraqi Jewry for preservation and documentation purposes. The Plastic Arts Gallery displays changing exhibitions that present the heritage and culture of the Jews of Babylon (present-day Iraq).

## Museum of Babylonian Jewry

The center also has the Babylonian Jewry Museum which was opened to the public in 1988. The museum presents various artifacts, ranging from pictures to historical artefacts of Iraqi immigrants to Israel. The museum visitors are able to learn the chapters of the history of the Babylonian Jewry and their generations of over 2600 years.
Through the permanent exhibitions, the contribution of the spiritual leadership of the great yeshivas and the physical leadership of the Exilarchs' leadership to the existence of the Jewish people, as well as the community's relations with the government and the surrounding society during the different periods, are shown. The museum's exhibits draw a spotlight on the various communities that make up Babylonian Jewry and the transformations that have taken place over the past centuries, as well as on the independent institutions they established.
The museum has special exhibitions dedicated to the major events in the lives of Iraqi Jews in the 20th century; 1941 Farhud, The establishment of the Zionist movement openly and in underground and the mass immigration and integration into the State of Israel.
The museum also organizes classes for the youth on poetry and dance of the heritage of Babylonian Jewry in order to endow the younger generation the values of the Babylonian Jewry's heritage.
The museum's structure was designed around the traditional Jewish home motif in Iraq, with its inner courtyard at its heart. In addition, an alleyway in the Jewish Quarter and the Great Synagogue in Baghdad were restored.
# S. nigra

S. nigra is an abbreviation of a species name. In binomial nomenclature the name of a species is always the name of the genus to which the species belongs, followed by the species name (also called the species epithet). In S. nigra the genus name has been abbreviated to S. and the species has been spelled out in full. In a document that uses this abbreviation it should always be clear from the context which genus name has been abbreviated.
The Latin species epithet nigra means "black". Some of the most common uses of S. nigra are:
* Salix nigra, a species of willow
* Sambucus nigra, a species of elder (elderberry)
There are many other possibilities, for example, the following genus names that start with S have a species name with the epithet nigra.
Vascular plants:
* Sapota nigra
* Schisandra nigra
* Schnella nigra
* Serapias nigra
* Setachna nigra
* Sieberia nigra
* Sinapis nigra
* Siparuna nigra
* Smilax nigra
* Stenogyne nigra
* Struthiopteris nigra
* Suaeda nigra
Beetles:
* Saperda nigra
* Stenomordellaria nigra
* Stenurella nigra
Other organisms:
* Sarinda nigra, a spider
* Scoparia nigra, a butterfly
* Scutellospora, a fungus
* Siphamia nigra, a fish
* Stegana nigra, a fly
* Strumigenys nigra, an ant
# The Cake Sale (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| New Noise | (favorable) |
| Pitchfork | 4.8/10 |
| RTÉ | |
The Cake Sale is a 2006 charity album involving the collected works of a group of Irish and international musicians calling themselves The Cake Sale. The album features artists such as Snow Patrol's Gary Lightbody, Lisa Hannigan, Damien Rice, Josh Ritter, Glen Hansard, Neil Hannon, members of Bell X1 and Nina Persson of The Cardigans. These were brought together by Brian Crosby, a member of Bell X1 at the time. The album had sold 35,000 copies and raised over €250,000 in Ireland by November 2007. That month it was announced that the album would be released globally to increase donations. It peaked at number 3 in the Irish Albums Chart, having spent eighteen weeks there.

## Album information

The album was recorded by a group of Irish and international musicians to raise funds for the charity Oxfam Ireland's Make Trade Fair campaign. Proceeds are added to the charity's “unrestricted fund” to support projects in ten African countries, countries such as Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda and Sudan. Crosby said the album's success “completely exceeded expectations”, with the artists hoping it would go gold to cover their costs. All the publishing royalties raised by the album benefit Oxfam as well, an unusual occurrence for a charity album. Worldwide rights were negotiated and a label, Oxfam Publishing, was established to administer the royalties. Oxfam Ireland had little experience in such dealings and left it to the musicians to negotiate the project. Crosby says the album's success has raised the charity's profile and it was released digitally in the United Kingdom on 10 September in the United States on Yep Roc Records on 16 October 2007.

## Track listing

The album contains nine tracks and is thirty-five minutes in length.

## Reaction

The national broadcaster RTÉ gave the album a five star rating, describing it as "a commendable effort by a large group of musicians who genuinely want to help" and saying it was deserving of its rating "if not always for the music then definitely for the effort". "Some Surprise" and "Too Many People" were deemed the type of songs most of the artists would be happy to have as singles. However, RTÉ questioned some of the album's weaknesses such as "Vapour Trail" – described as "not Paul Noonan's best song nor is it Josh Ritter's best performance" – and the Conor Deasy–penned "Good Intentions Rust" – dismissed as "just as lightweight as anything The Thrills have produced".

## Live performances

Plans for a full live performance of the album proved difficult to negotiate, with so many artists involved and so much difficulty with scheduling. However, Gary Lightbody and Lisa Hannigan performed an exclusive live duet of the song "Some Surprise" at the 2008 Meteor Awards in Dublin.

## Chart performance

The Cake Sale spent eighteen weeks in the Irish Albums Chart, peaking at #3.
| Chart (2007) | Peak position | Sales | Certification |
| Irish Albums Chart | 3 | 30,000 | 2× Platinum |
# Robert Henry Anderson

Robert Henry Anderson (1899-1969) was botanist who in 1945 became the first Australian-born director of the Royal Botanic Garden in Sydney. He remained director until his retirement in March 1964.

## Early life

Anderson was born in Cooma, New South Wales on 12 March 1899, to Rev. William Addison Smyth Anderson and his wife Jane, née Thompson. He is the brother of Sir William Hewson Anderson.
Andserson grew up in Cooma, Bowenfels, Liverpool and Arncliffe in New South Wales while his father (an ordained Presbyterian minister) moved from parish to parish. Anderson and his brother were educated at Fort Street Boys' High School in Petersham, New South Wales.

## Writings

Anderson is the author of Tree Planting on the Farm (1931) and The Trees of New South Wales (1932).
The standard author abbreviation R.H.Anderson is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Career

* Botanical assistant, National Herbarium of New South Wales (1924)
* Botanist and curator, National Herbarium of New South Wales, (1936)
* Chief botanist and curator, National Herbarium of New South Wales and Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney (1945)
* Director and chief botanist, National Herbarium of New South Wales and Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney (1960)
# Asterohyptis

Asterohyptis is a genus of plants in the Lamiaceae, or mint family, first described in 1932. It is native to Mexico and Central America.

## Species

* Asterohyptis mocinoana (Benth.) Epling - widespread from Veracruz to Costa Rica
* Asterohyptis nayarana B.L.Turner - Durango, Nayarit
* Asterohyptis seemannii (A.Gray) Epling - Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa
* Asterohyptis stellulata (Benth.) Epling - from Sinaloa and Durango south to Honduras
# Polesian District

Polesian District was a district of Second Polish Republic from 1920 to 1921. Its capital was Pinsk. It was formed on 20 December 1920 from the parts of Brześć and Volhynian Districts of the freshly disestablished Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories. On 19 February 1921 it was reformed into Polesian Voivodeship.

## History

Polesian District was established as the district of Second Polish Republic on 20 December 1920. It was formed from the northwestern part of Brześć District and a northern part of Volhynian District. It replaced the administration of the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories in the region. The region was governed by the Chief of District, a public official, who was a representative of the Council of Ministers, responsible for the implementation of the laws as well as superior to local administration offices.
From Brześć District were included 8 counties: Białowieża, Brześć, Drohiczyn, Kobryń, Kosów, Łuniniec, Pińsk and Prużana County. From Volhynian District was included Koszyrski County.
On 14 August 1921, Białowieża County waw incorporated into then-established Białystok Voivodeship. On 19 February 1921, the district was reformed into the Polesian Voivodeship.

## Subdivision
### Counties

* Białowieża County (until 1921)
* Brześć County
* Drohiczyn County
* Kobryń County
* Kosów County
* Koszyrski County
* Łuniniec County
* Pińsk County
* Prużana County
# William Allen Whitworth

William Allen Whitworth (1 February 1840 – 12 March 1905) was an English mathematician and a priest in the Church of England.

## Education and mathematical career

Whitworth was born in Runcorn; his father, William Whitworth, was a school headmaster, and he was the oldest of six siblings. He was schooled at the Sandicroft School in Northwich and then at St John's College, Cambridge, earning a B.A. in 1862 as 16th Wrangler. He taught mathematics at the Portarlington School and the Rossall School, and was a professor of mathematics at Queen's College in Liverpool from 1862 to 1864. He returned to Cambridge to earn a master's degree in 1865, and was a fellow there from 1867 to 1882.

## Mathematical contributions

As an undergraduate, Whitworth became the founding editor in chief of the Messenger of Mathematics, and he continued as its editor until 1880. He published works about the logarithmic spiral and about trilinear coordinates, but his most famous mathematical publication is the book Choice and Chance: An Elementary Treatise on Permutations, Combinations, and Probability (first published in 1867 and extended over several later editions). The first edition of the book treated the subject primarily from the point of view of arithmetic calculations, but had an appendix on algebra, and was based on lectures he had given at Queen's College. Later editions added material on enumerative combinatorics (the numbers of ways of arranging items into groups with various constraints), derangements, frequentist probability, life expectancy, and the fairness of bets, among other topics.
Among the other contributions in this book, Whitworth was the first to use ordered Bell numbers to count the number of weak orderings of a set, in the 1886 edition. These numbers had been studied earlier by Arthur Cayley, but for a different problem. He was the first to publish Bertrand's ballot theorem, in 1878; the theorem is misnamed after Joseph Louis François Bertrand, who rediscovered the same result in 1887. He is the inventor of the E[X] notation for the expected value of a random variable X, still commonly in use, and he coined the name "subfactorial" for the number of derangements of n items.
Another of Whitworth's contributions, in geometry, concerns equable shapes, shapes whose area has the same numerical value (with a different set of units) as their perimeter. As Whitworth showed with D. Biddle in 1904, there are exactly five equable triangles with integer sides: the two right triangles with side lengths (5,12,13) and (6,8,10), and the three triangles with side lengths (6,25,29), (7,15,20), and (9,10,17).

## Religious career

Whitworth was ordained as a deacon in 1865, and became a priest in 1866. He served as the curate of St Anne's Church in Birkenhead in 1865, of the Church of St Luke, Liverpool from 1866 to 1870 and of Christ Church in Liverpool from 1870 to 1875. He was then a vicar in London at St John the Evangelist's in Hammersmith. From 1886 to 1905 he was vicar of All Saints, Margaret Street.
He was the Hulsean Lecturer in 1903.
# OSS Maritime Unit

The Maritime Unit (MU) was a branch of the Office of Strategic Services that enabled maritime warfare for the allies during World War II. MU's mission was to "infiltrate agents and supply resistance groups by sea, conduct maritime sabotage, and to develop specialized maritime surface and subsurface equipment and devices." MU developed specialized boats, equipment, and explosives, fashioned underwater breathing gear, waterproof watches and compasses, an inflatable motorized surfboard, and "a two-man kayak that proved so promising that 275 were ordered by the British."
MU was originally established as a division of the Special Operations Branch of the OSS but was granted Branch status on June 10, 1942.
The Frogmen of the MU are considered pioneers of amphibious, maritime, and underwater warfare. While it was a civilian agency, the United States Navy SEALS state clearly that the OSS Maritime Unit is one of their direct preceding organizations.
MU planned and carried out the amphibious phases of OSS activities and assisted in the development of the special equipment required. If operations included water, the shoreline, coastal areas, or water approaches, then MU techniques were used.
Those techniques were clandestine ferrying, maritime sabotage, and beach and hydrographic reconnaissance.
The last living Frogman of the OSS was Henry “Hank” Weldon.

## Organizational structure

Field bases were located away from headquarters.
Headquarters was located in Washington, DC.

## Inventions

The Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit (LARU) was developed by Christian J. Lambertsen, a captain in the US Army assigned to the MU.
# S. neglecta

S. neglecta may refer to:
* Scorpaena neglecta, a marine fish species in the genus Scorpaena
* Serapias neglecta, an orchid species endemic to southern Europe
* Sitta neglecta, the chestnut-bellied nuthatch, a bird species
* Sturnella neglecta, the western meadowlark, a medium-sized icterid bird species

## Synonyms

* Schinia neglecta, a synonym for Schinia diffusa, a moth species found in North America
* Sobralia neglecta, a synonym for Sobralia decora, the beautiful sobralia, an orchid species
# Nooter/Eriksen

Nooter Eriksen, also known as Nooter/Eriksen or N/E, is a supplier of heat recovery steam generators (boiler technology), which are mostly found in combined cycle gas turbine power stations (CCGTs). These are also found in combined heat and power (CHP) systems, which tend to have a much smaller power output than CCGT stations. Nooter Eriksen is a subsidiary of CIC Group, also owning Nooter Construction, the Wyatt Group.

## History

Nooter Corporation was established in 1896. Nooter/Eriksen Cogeneration Systems was established in 1987 when Eriksen Engineering (headed by Vernon Eriksen) was taken over by the Nooter Corporation. Vernon Eriksen had joined Econotherm Corporation in 1985, which became Eriksen Engineering.
In the 1990s the market for heat-recovery steam generators for combined cycle gas turbines started. The company reached its peak for orders (c. 18,000 MW of plant) in 2001. Nooter/Eriksen is a subsidiary of employee-owned holding company CIC, which has investments in several different industrial and manufacturing businesses.

## Structure
### International sites

* Nooter/Eriksen S.r.l., Cardano al Campo, a site of the Marcegaglia Group, founded in 2005

## Products

It makes heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) for gas turbine units of over 8MW in power. Most of its units are for the 125-200MW power range. It has made over 800 HRSGs for use in CCGTs around the world. Around 380 of these HRSGs include supplementary firing. The HRSG can boost the thermal efficiency from around 30-40% to over 60%.
In the USA in 2004 it had 57% of the market for HRSGs. Alstom and Vogt Power International had 14% each, Deltak had 7% and IST had 5%.

### Technologies

* Selective catalytic reduction (SCR, anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia)

## Headquarters

Nooter/Eriksen completely occupies a 90,000 square foot office building in Fenton, Missouri- a suburb of Saint Louis
# Robert Peel (disambiguation)

Robert Peel (1788–1850) was twice prime minister of the United Kingdom.
Robert Peel or Peele may also refer to:
* Robert Francis Peel (1874–1924), governor of Saint Helena
* Robert Peel (historian) (1909–1992), American author of first scholarly biography of Mary Baker Eddy
* Robert Peel (doctor) (c. 1830–1894), medical practitioner in South Australia
* Robert Peel (judge) (born 1966), British High Court judge
* Robert Peel Dawson (1818–1877), Irish member of parliament
* Parsley Peel (Robert Peel, 1723–1795), English industrialist
* Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet (1750–1830), English politician and industrialist
* Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet (1822–1895), British politician
* Robert Peel (hotelier), founder of Peel Hotels
* Bobby Peel (1857–1941), Yorkshire and England cricketer
* Robert Peele (engineer) (1858–1942), American mining engineer

## Other uses

* Robert Peel Inlet, Nunavut, Canada
* Sir Robert Peel (racehorse), racehorse that won the first Irish Grand National in 1870