# Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)

The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins et al. in 2003 in Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia).

## Animalia (= Metazoa)
### Phylum Porifera

* Phylum Porifera
** Class Calcarea
*** Order Baeriida
*** Order Clathrinida
*** Order Leucosoleniida
*** Order Lithonida
*** Order Murrayonida
** Class Hexactinellida
*** Order Amphidiscosida
*** Order Aulocalycoida
*** Order Hexactinosida
*** Order Lychniscosida
*** Order Lyssacinosida
** Class Demospongiae
*** Order Agelasida
*** Order Astrophorida
*** Order Chondrosida
*** Order Dendroceratida
*** Order Dictyoceratida
*** Order Hadromerida
*** Order Halichondrida
*** Order Halisarcida
*** Order Haplosclerida
*** Order Homosclerophorida
*** Order Poecilosclerida
*** Order Spirophorida
*** Order Verongida
*** Order Verticillitida

### Phylum Placozoa

* Phylum Placozoa
** No order designations

### Phylum Monoblastozoa

* Phylum Monoblastozoa
** No order designations

### Phylum Rhombozoa

* Phylum Rhombozoa
** Order Dicyemida
** Order Heterocyemida

### Phylum Orthonectida

* Phylum Orthonectida
** Order Orthonectida

### Phylum Cnidaria

* Phylum Cnidaria
** Class Anthozoa
*** Order Actiniaria
*** Order Alcyonacea
*** Order Antipatharia
*** Order Ceriantharia
*** Order Corallimorpharia
*** Order Helioporacea
*** Order Pennatulacea
*** Order Scleractinia
*** Order Zoanthidea
** Class Hydrozoa
*** Order Actinulida
*** Order Capitata
*** Order Conica
*** Order Cystonectae
*** Order Filifera
*** Order Laingiomedusae
*** Order Limnomedusae
*** Order Moerisiida
*** Order Narcomedusa
*** Order Proboscoida
*** Order Physonectae
*** Order Polypodiozoa
*** Order Trachymedusa
** Class Cubozoa
*** Order Cubomedusae
** Class Scyphozoa
*** Order Coronatae
*** Order Rhizostomeae
*** Order Semaeostomeae
*** Order Stauromedusae

### Phylum Ctenophora

* Phylum Ctenophora
** Order Beroida
** Order Cestida
** Order Cydippida
** Order Ganeshida
** Order Lobata
** Order Platyctenida
** Order Thalassocalycida

### Phylum Platyhelminthes

* Phylum Platyhelminthes
** Class Acoela
*** No order designations
** Class Turbellaria
*** Order Catenulida
*** Order Haplopharyngida
*** Order Lecithoepitheliata
*** Order Macrostomida
*** Order Polycladida
*** Order Prolecithophora
*** Order Proplicastomata
*** Order Proseriata
*** Order Rhabdocoela
*** Order Tricladida
** Class Trematoda
*** Order Aspidogastrida
*** Order Azygiida
*** Order Echinostomida
*** Order Opisthorchiida
*** Order Plagiorchiida
*** Order Strigeatida
** Class Monogenea
*** Order Monopisthocotylea
*** Order Polyopisthocotylea
** Class Cestoda
*** Order Amphilinidea
*** Order Caryophyllidea
*** Order Cyclophyllidea
*** Order Diphyllidea
*** Order Gyrocotylidea
*** Order Haplobothriidea
*** Order Lecanicephalidea
*** Order Litobothriidea
*** Order Nippotaeniidea
*** Order Proteocephalidea
*** Order Pseudophyllidea
*** Order Spathebothriidea
*** Order Tetrabothriidea
*** Order Tetraphyllidea
*** Order Trypanorhyncha

### Phylum Nemertea

* Phylum Nemertea
** Class Anopla
*** Order Heteronemertea
*** Order Palaeonemertea
** Class Enopla
*** Order Hoplonemertea

### Phylum Rotifera

* Phylum Rotifera
** Order Bdelloida
** Order Collothecacea
** Order Flosculariacea
** Order Ploimida
** Order Seisonida

### Phylum Gastrotricha

* Phylum Gastrotricha
** Order Chaetonotida
** Order Macrodasyida

### Phylum Kinorhyncha

* Phylum Kinorhyncha
** Order Cyclorhagida
** Order Homalorhagida

### Phylum Nematoda

* Phylum Nematoda
** Class Adenophorea
*** Order Araeolaimida
*** Order Chromadorida
*** Order Desmodorida
*** Order Desmoscolecida
*** Order Dorylaimida
*** Order Enoplida
*** Order Isolaimida
*** Order Mermithida
*** Order Monhysterida
*** Order Mononchida
*** Order Muspiceida
*** Order Stichosomida
*** Order Trichocephalida
** Class Secernentea
*** Order Aphelenchida
*** Order Ascaridida
*** Order Camallanida
*** Order Diplogasterida
*** Order Rhabditida
*** Order Spirurida
*** Order Strongylida
*** Order Tylenchida

### Phylum Nematomorpha

* Phylum Nematomorpha
** Order Gordioidea
** Order Nectonematoidea

### Phylum Acanthocephala

* Phylum Acanthocephala
** Order Apororhynchida
** Order Echinorhynchida
** Order Gigantorhynchida
** Order Gyracanthocephala
** Order Moniliformida
** Order Neoechinorhynchida
** Order Oligacanthorhynchida
** Order Polymorphida

### Phylum Entoprocta

* Phylum Entoprocta
** Order Coloniales
** Order Solitaria

### Phylum Micrognathozoa

* Phylum Micrognathozoa
** Order Limnognathida

### Phylum Gnathostomulida

* Phylum Gnathostomulida
** Order Bursovaginoidea
** Order Filospermoidea

### Phylum Priapulida

* Phylum Priapulida
** Order Halicryptomorphida
** Order Priapulimorphida
** Order Seticoronarida

### Phylum Loricifera

* Phylum Loricifera
** Order Nanaloricida

### Phylum Cycliophora

* Phylum Cycliophora
** Order Symbiida

### Phylum Echinodermata

* Phylum Echinodermata
** Class Crinoidea
*** Order Bourgueticrinida
*** Order Comatulida
*** Order Cyrtocrinida
*** Order Isocrinida
*** Order Millericrinida
** Class Asteroidea
*** Order Brisingida
*** Order Forcipulatida
*** Order Notomyotida
*** Order Paxillosida
*** Order Spinulosida
*** Order Valvatida
*** Order Velatida
** Class Concentricycloidea
*** Order Peripodida
** Class Ophiuroidea
*** Order Euryalida
*** Order Oegophiurida
*** Order Ophiurida
** Class Echinoidea
*** Order Arbacioida
*** Order Cassiduloida
*** Order Cidaroida
*** Order Clypeasteroida
*** Order Diadematoida
*** Order Echinoida
*** Order Echinothuroida
*** Order Holasteroida
*** Order Holectypoida
*** Order Pedinoida
*** Order Phymosomatoida
*** Order Salenoida
*** Order Spatangoida
*** Order Temnopleurida
** Class Holothuroidea
*** Order Apodida
*** Order Aspidochirotida
*** Order Dactylochirotida
*** Order Dendrochirotida
*** Order Elasipodida
*** Order Molpadiida

### Phylum Chaetognatha

* Phylum Chaetognatha
** Order Aphragmophora
** Order Phragmophora

### Phylum Hemichordata

* Phylum Hemichordata
** Order Cephalodiscida
** Order Rhabdopleurida

### Phylum Chordata

* Phylum Chordata
** Subphylum Urochordata
*** Class Ascidiacea
**** Order Enterogona
**** Order Pleurogona
*** Class Thaliacea
**** Order Doliolida
**** Order Pyrosomatida
**** Order Salpida
*** Class Appendicularia
**** Order Copelata
*** Class Sorberacea
**** Order Aspiraculata
** Subphylum Cephalochordata
*** Order Amphioxiformes
** Subphylum Craniata

#### Superclass Pisces

* Superclass Pisces (polyphyletic)
** Class Myxini
*** Order Myxiniformes
** Class Cephalaspidomorphi
*** Order Petromyzoniformes
** Class Chondrichthyes
*** Order Chimaeriformes
*** Order Heterodontiformes
*** Order Orectolobiformes
*** Order Carcharhiniformes
*** Order Lamniformes
*** Order Hexanchiformes
*** Order Squaliformes
*** Order Squatiniformes
*** Order Pristiophoriformes
*** Order Rajiformes
** Class Sarcopterygii
*** Order Coelacanthiformes
*** Order Ceratodontiformes
*** Order Lepidosireniformes
** Class Actinopterygii
*** Order Polypteriformes
*** Order Acipenseriformes
*** Order Lepisosteiformes
*** Order Amiiformes
*** Order Osteoglossiformes
*** Order Elopiformes
*** Order Albuliformes
*** Order Anguilliformes
*** Order Saccopharyngiformes
*** Order Clupeiformes
*** Order Gonorynchiformes
*** Order Cypriniformes
*** Order Characiformes
*** Order Siluriformes
*** Order Gymnotiformes
*** Order Esociformes
*** Order Osmeriformes
*** Order Salmoniformes
*** Order Stomiiformes
*** Order Aulopiformes
*** Order Myctophiformes
*** Order Lampridiformes
*** Order Polymixiiformes
*** Order Percopsiformes
*** Order Ophidiiformes
*** Order Gadiformes
*** Order Batrachoidiformes
*** Order Lophiiformes
*** Order Mugiliformes
*** Order Atheriniformes
*** Order Beloniformes
*** Order Cyprinodontiformes
*** Order Stephanoberyciformes
*** Order Beryciformes
*** Order Zeiformes
*** Order Gasterosteiformes
*** Order Synbranchiformes
*** Order Scorpaeniformes
*** Order Perciformes
**** Suborder Percoidei
**** Suborder Labroidei
**** Suborder Zoarcoidei
**** Suborder Nototheniodei
**** Suborder Trachinoidei
**** Suborder Blennioidei
**** Suborder Icosteoidei
**** Suborder Gobiesocoidei
**** Suborder Callionymoidei
**** Suborder Gobioidei
**** Suborder Acanthuroidei
**** Suborder Scombroidei
**** Suborder Stromateoidei
**** Suborder Anabantoidei
**** Suborder Channoidei
*** Order Pleuronectiformes
*** Order Tetraodontiformes

#### Class Amphibia

* Class Amphibia
** Order Anura
** Order Caudata
** Order Gymnophiona

#### Class Reptilia

* Class Reptilia
** Order Testudines
** Order Crocodylia
** Order Rhynchocephalia
** Order Squamata

#### Class Aves

* Class Aves
** Order Struthioniformes
** Order Procellariiformes
** Order Sphenisciformes
** Order Gaviiformes
** Order Podicipediformes
** Order Pelecaniformes
** Order Ciconiiformes
** Order Phoenicopteriformes
** Order Falconiformes
** Order Anseriformes
** Order Galliformes
** Order Opisthocomiformes
** Order Gruiformes
** Order Charadriiformes
** Order Pterocliformes
** Order Columbiformes
** Order Psittaciformes
** Order Musophagiformes
** Order Cuculiformes
** Order Strigiformes
** Order Caprimulgiformes
** Order Apodiformes
** Order Coliiformes
** Order Trogoniformes
** Order Coraciiformes
** Order Piciformes
** Order Passeriformes

#### Class Mammalia

* Class Mammalia
** Order Monotremata
** Order Didelphimorphia
** Order Paucituberculata
** Order Microbiotheria
** Order Dasyuromorphia
** Order Peramelemorphia
** Order Notoryctemorphia
** Order Diprotodontia
** Order Xenarthra
** Order Insectivora
** Order Scandentia
** Order Dermoptera
** Order Chiroptera
** Order Primates
** Order Carnivora
** Order Cetacea
** Order Tubulidentata
** Order Proboscidea
** Order Hyracoidea
** Order Sirenia
** Order Perissodactyla
** Order Artiodactyla
** Order Pholidota
** Order Rodentia
** Order Lagomorpha
** Order Macroscelidea

### Phylum Annelida

* Phylum Annelida
** Class Polychaeta
*** Order Amphinomida
*** Order Capitellida
*** Order Chaetopterida
*** Order Cirratulida
*** Order Cossurida
*** Order Ctenodrilida
*** Order Dinophilida
*** Order Eunicida
*** Order Flabelligerida
*** Order Magelonida
*** Order Nerillida
*** Order Opheliida
*** Order Orbiniida
*** Order Oweniida
*** Order Phyllodocida
*** Order Poeobiida
*** Order Polygordiida
*** Order Protodrilida
*** Order Psammodrilida
*** Order Sabellariida
*** Order Sabellida
*** Order Spintherida
*** Order Spionida
*** Order Sternaspida
*** Order Terebellida
** Class Myzostomida
*** Order Pharyngidea
*** Order Proboscidea
** Class Oligochaeta
*** Order Haplotaxida
*** Order Lumbriculida
*** Order Moniligastrida
*** Order Opisthopora
** Class Hirudinea
*** Order Arhynchobdellae
*** Order Rhynchobdellida
** Class Pogonophora
*** Order Athecanephria
*** Order Thecanephria

### Phylum Vestimentifera

* Phylum Vestimentifera
** Order Basibranchia
** Order Riftiidae

### Phylum Sipuncula

* Phylum Sipuncula
** Order Aspidosiphoniformes
** Order Golfingiaformes
** Order Phascolosomatiformes
** Order Sipunculiformes

### Phylum Echiura

* Phylum Echiura
** Order Bonellioinea
** Order Echiuroinea
** Order Heteromyota
** Order Xenopneusta

### Phylum Onychophora

* Phylum Onychophora
** No order designations

### Phylum Tardigrada

* Phylum Tardigrada
** Order Arthrotardigrada
** Order Echiniscoidea
** Order Parachela
** Order Apochela
** Order Mesotardigrada

### Phylum Arthropoda

* Phylum Arthropoda

#### Subphylum Crustacea

* Subphylum Crustacea
** Class Remipedia
*** Order Nectiopoda
** Class Cephalocarida
*** Order Brachypoda
** Class Branchiopoda
*** Order Anostraca
*** Order Notostraca
*** Order Conchostraca
*** Order Cladocera
** Class Malacostraca
*** Subclass Phyllocarida
**** Order Leptostraca
*** Subclass Eumalacostraca
**** Order Stomatopoda
**** Order Bathynellacea
**** Order Anaspidacea
**** Order Euphausiacea
**** Order Amphionidacea
**** Order Decapoda
**** Order Mysida
**** Order Lophogastrida
**** Order Cumacea
**** Order Tanaidacea
**** Order Mictacea
**** Order Spelaeogriphacea
**** Order Thermosbaenacea
**** Order Isopoda
**** Order Amphipoda
** Class Maxillopoda
*** Subclass Thecostraca
**** Order Acrothoracica
**** Order Ascothoracica
**** Order Rhizocephala
**** Order Thoracica
*** Subclass Tantulocarida
**** No order designations
*** Subclass Branchiura
**** Order Arguloida
*** Subclass Mystacocarida
**** No order designations
*** Subclass Copepoda
**** Order Calanoida
**** Order Cyclopoida
**** Order Gelyelloida
**** Order Harpacticoida
**** Order Misophrioida
**** Order Monstrilloida
**** Order Mormonilloida
**** Order Platycopioida
**** Order Siphonostomatoida
*** Subclass Ostracoda
**** Order Myodocopida
**** Order Palaeocopida
**** Order Podocopida
** Class Pentastomida
*** Order Cephalobaenida
*** Order Porocephalida

#### Subphylum Cheliceriformes

* Subphylum Cheliceriformes
** Class Pycnogonida
*** Order Pantopoda
** Class Chelicerata
*** Subclass Merostomata
**** Order Xiphosura
*** Subclass Arachnida
**** Order Acari
**** Order Amblypygi
**** Order Araneae
**** Order Opiliones
**** Order Palpigradi
**** Order Pseudoscorpiones
**** Order Ricinulei
**** Order Schizomida
**** Order Scorpionida
**** Order Solpugida
**** Order Uropygi

#### Subphylum Uniramia

* Subphylum Uniramia
** Class Myriapoda
*** Subclass Chilopoda
**** Order Craterostigmomophora
**** Order Geophilomorpha
**** Order Lithobiomorpha
**** Order Scolopendromorpha
**** Order Scutigeromorpha
*** Subclass Diplopoda
**** Order Callipodida
**** Order Chordeumatida
**** Order Glomerida
**** Order Glomeridesmida
**** Order Julida
**** Order Platydesmida
**** Order Polydesmida
**** Order Polyxenida
**** Order Polyzoniida
**** Order Siphoniulida
**** Order Siphonophorida
**** Order Sphaerotheriida
**** Order Spirobolida
**** Order Spirostreptida
**** Order Stemmiulida
*** Subclass Symphyla
**** Order Symphyla
*** Subclass Pauropoda
**** Order Hexamerocerata
**** Order Tetramerocerata

#### Subphylum Hexapoda

* Subphylum Hexapoda
** Class Entognatha
*** Order Protura
*** Order Collembola
*** Order Diplura
** Class Insecta
*** Order Microcoryphia
*** Order Thysanura
*** Order Ephemeroptera
*** Order Odonata
*** Order Plecoptera
*** Order Blattodea
*** Order Isoptera
*** Order Mantodea
*** Order Grylloblattodea
*** Order Dermaptera
*** Order Orthoptera
*** Order Mantophasmatodea
*** Order Phasmida
*** Order Embioptera
*** Order Zoraptera
*** Order Psocoptera
*** Order Phthiraptera
*** Order Hemiptera
*** Order Thysanoptera
*** Order Megaloptera
*** Order Raphidioptera
*** Order Neuroptera
*** Order Coleoptera
*** Order Strepsiptera
*** Order Siphonaptera
*** Order Diptera
*** Order Trichoptera
*** Order Lepidoptera
*** Order Hymenoptera

### Phylum Mollusca

* Phylum Mollusca
** Class Aplacophora
*** Order Cavibelonia
*** Order Neomeniomorpha
*** Order Pholidoskepia
** Class Monoplacophora
*** Order Tryblidioidea
** Class Polyplacophora
*** Order Acanthochitonida
*** Order Ischnochitonida
*** Order Lepidopleurida
** Class Gastropoda
*** Subclass Opisthobranchia
**** Order Acochlidioidea
**** Order Anaspidea
**** Order Cephalaspidea
**** Order Gymnosomata
**** Order Notaspidea
**** Order Nudibranchia
**** Order Runcinoidea
**** Order Sacoglossa
**** Order Thecosomata
*** Subclass Pulmonata
**** Order Actophila
**** Order Basommatophora
**** Order Stylommatophora
**** Order Systellommatophora
**** Order Patellogastropoda
**** Superorder Vetigastropoda
***** Order Haliotoidea
***** Order Lepetodriloidea
***** Order Vetigastropoda
***** Order Cocculiniformia
***** Order Neritopsina
***** Order Caenogastropoda
** Class Bivalvia
*** Order Arcoida
*** Order Hippuritoida
*** Order Limoida
*** Order Myoida
*** Order Mytiloida
*** Order Nuculoida
*** Order Ostreoida
*** Order Pholadomyoida
*** Order Pterioida
*** Order Solemyoida
*** Order Trigonioida
*** Order Unionoida
*** Order Veneroida
** Class Scaphopoda
*** Order Dentaliida
*** Order Gadilida
** Class Cephalopoda
*** Order Nautilida
*** Order Octopoda
*** Order Sepioidea
*** Order Spirulida
*** Order Teuthoidea
*** Order Vampyromorphida

### Phylum Phoronida

* Phylum Phoronida
** No order designations

### Phylum Ectoprocta

* Phylum Ectoprocta
** Class Phylactolaemata
*** No order designations
** Class Stenolaemata
*** Order Cyclostomata
** Class Gymnolaemata
*** Order Cheilostomatida
*** Order Ctenostomata

### Phylum Brachiopoda

* Phylum Brachiopoda
** Class Inarticulata
*** Order Acrotretida
*** Order Lingulida
** Class Articulata
*** Order Rhynchonellida
*** Order Terebratulida
*** Order Thecideidina