OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palladius of Ratiaria

Palladius of Ratiaria (modern Archar Bulgaria) was a late 4th century Arian Christian theologian, based in the Roman province of Dacia in modern Romania.
He was deposed from his office, together with Secundianus of Singidunum, at the Council of Aquileia, held in 381 AD.
The Council of Aquileia in 381 AD was a church synod which was part of the struggle between Arian and orthodox ideas in Christianity. It was one of five councils of Aquileia.
Palladius had applied to the Emperor of the East for an opportunity to clear himself before a general council of these charges concerning the nature of Christ. Palladius was unwilling to submit to a council of the Western bishops only, for Ambrose had previously assured the Emperor of the West that such a matter as the soundness or heresy of just two bishops might be settled by a council simply consisting of the bishops of the Diocese of Italy alone. Politics and Christology were inextricably entangled in the 4th century: "You have contrived, as appears by the sacred document (Gratian's amended convocation) which you have brought forward, that this should not be a full and General Council: in the absence of our Colleagues we cannot answer", was Palladius' stand.
Ambrose proposed that Arius' letter from Nicomedia to Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, should be read in detail, and Palladius be called upon to defend or condemn each heretical proposition that disputed Catholic orthodoxy. Arius had said that the Father alone is eternal; the Catholics insisted that the Son was co-eternal. Palladius quoted Scripture, which Ambrose skirted. Ambrose rested upon the verbal formulas recently agreed upon by authority of the Church, while Palladius refused to admit the legitimacy of the proceedings. The other bishops unanimously pronounced anathema on all counts, and the matter was settled. Of Palladius it is said by Vigilius, a late 5th century bishop of Thapsus in Africa, that after Ambrose's death (397), he wrote a reply to Ambrose's writings against Arianism, which Vigilius in turn wrote to counter.
# William Harlow Reed

William Harlow Reed (9 June 1848 – 24 April 1915) was an American fossil collector and pioneer. He served as a curator at the Museum of Geology at the University of Wyoming, Laramie. He collected for a while for Othniel Charles Marsh but left after clashing with rival collectors at the height of the Bone Wars. Among his major finds was a near complete skeleton of a Brontosaurus (Apatosaurus) from Como Bluff. Reed's quarry in Como Bluff is named after him.

## Life and work

Reed was born near Hartford, Connecticut where his father Fedelius was a cooper and millwright of Scottish origins. Reed and his family moved to Ohio in 1853 and then moved to Michigan in 1863. Reed sought to join the Union Army several times and at the end of the Civil War, he joined the Union Pacific Railroad to shovel snow but his skills at shooting were recognized, he was contracted to provide fresh meat for the railway construction workers. Reed married Florence Bovee in Michigan in 1870. He was sometimes involved in fighting duties and as guide for the US Army on account of his familiarity with Indian dialects. During his travels, he saw the paleontological finds made by Othniel Charles Marsh and his group in the 1870s. In 1874 Reed's wife died in childbirth and he took up a job at Wyoming. On March 7, 1877, Reed noticed bones and vertebrae while walking near Como Bluff. Along with William Edwards Carlin, he wrote to O.C. Marsh and there they found Apatosaurus grandis (now Camarasaurus grandis). Reed and Carlin then began to collect for Marsh. In 1879 Reed was instructed by Marsh to destroy the fossil site to prevent rival collectors, principally Edward Drinker Cope who had won over Carlin as his collector. In 1880, Reed married an Ohio school teacher, Anne E. Clark. In 1883, noting the problems with Marsh and the rivalry among collectors, he quit working on paleontological digs and began to ranch sheep along with George Bird Grinnell. When most of the sheep were killed in the winter of 1884, Reed went back to the fossil collection business as an independent collector. In 1894 he was hired by Wilbur Clinton Knight to help collect for the University of Wyoming in Laramie and in 1897 he became an assistant geologist and curator at the museum of the University of Wyoming. Reed continued to sell specimens to Marsh and this led to friction with Knight and Reed's resignation following his 1898 discovery of a specimen of Brontosaurus giganteus that was purchased by the Carnegie Museum and was hired his services. After two years of work, he quit the Carnegie Museum as he felt unrecognized. In 1903, following the death of Wilbur Knight, Reed was again offered a position at the University of Wyoming and he took up the position, now also including taking classes on geology. The lack of a formal training in science was a handicap and he was lost when it came to anatomy and matters of taxonomic description, leading to several mixed-up specimen mounts at the museum. These were removed by Samuel Howell Knight, William Clinton Knight's son who replaced Reed after his death. Reed died of dropsy, a generic description used in the past for heart failure.
# William Henry Bishop

William Henry Bishop (January 7, 1847-1928) was an American novelist.

## Biography

He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and graduated from Yale University in 1867, where he later went on to teach.
He became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Department of Literature in 1918.

## Works

The best-known of his novels and sketches are: Detmold (1879); The House of a Merchant Prince (1882); Choy Susan and Other Stories (1884); Fish and Men in the Maine Islands (1885); The Golden Justice (1887); The Brownstone Boy and Other Queer People (1888); A House Hunter in Europe (1893); Writing to Rosina (1894). Old Mexico and Her Lost Provinces (1883) is a book of travel.
# William Hook Morley

William Hook Morley (1815–1860) was an English barrister and orientalist.

## Life

The second son of George Morley of the Inner Temple, he entered the Middle Temple on 12 January 1838. He was called to the bar in 1840 and in 1846.
Morley was a trustee of the Royal Asiatic Society, and during the last year of his life also its librarian. He died at 35 Brompton Square, London, on 21 May 1860.

## Works

Morley in 1838 discovered a missing manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, making something of a reputation. He published:
* a digest of cases decided in the Supreme Courts of India (London, 2 vols. 1849–50; new ser. vol. i. only, 1852);
* Catalogue of the Historical Manuscripts in the Arabic and Persian Languages in the possession of the Royal Asiatic Society (London, 1854);
* a description (1856) of a planispheric astrolabe constructed for Sultan Husayn.
Morley also edited in 1848, for the Society for the Publication of Oriental Texts, Mir Khwand's History of the Atábeks of Syria and Persia, with a description of Atabeg coins by William Sandys Vaux.
# William D. Kearfott

William D. Kearfott (January 12, 1864 – November 12, 1917) was an American engineer and amateur entomologist. Kearfott was educated in primary schools in Richmond and Philadelphia and was connected with the Morton Poole Company and the International Navigation Company in his early career. Kearfott was also associated with the Worthington Steam Pump Company and was considered an authority on his branch of engineering.
Kearfott worked on Lepidoptera, especially Tortricidae, and built up a large collection. Kearfott was known for his peculiar approach to naming new species.
# William Kenrick (nurseryman)

William Kenrick (1795–1872) was an American nurseryman. When 28 years of age he was taken into partnership by his father, a pioneer nurseryman, whose gardens were planted in 1790 upon the ground where John Eliot commenced preaching the gospel to the Native Americans. Perhaps Kenrick will be best remembered on account of his introduction of the white mulberry, and the active part he took in the attempt to establish the silk industry in America.

## Works

* The new American orchardist; or, An account of the most valuable varieties of fruit, adapted to cultivation in the climate of the United States, from the latitude of 25 [degrees] to 54 [degrees], with their uses, modes of culture, and management; remedies for the maladies to which they are subject, from noxious insects, and other causes, &c. Also, a brief description of the most ornamental forest trees, shrubs, flowers, &c, 1833
* The American silk growers guide, or, The art of raising the mulberry and silk and the system of successive crops in each season, 1835.
# William McGhee

William McGhee (July 24, 1930 – February 17, 2007) was an American stage, film and television actor. He was also known professionally as Bill McGee, Bill McGhee and William Bill McGhee.

## Hotel explosion

On June 21, 1946, aged 15, McGhee held an elevator operator job at the Baker Hotel in downtown Dallas, when an ammonia explosion occurred during work on a refrigeration unit. He was temporarily reported as dead in the media, but he survived. He suffered amnesia, but was fully restored to health. He resumed his pursuit for the theater after recovery.

## Korean War

He served his country as an Army corporal in the 31st Unit division in the Korean War, and performed for the troops at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. He was among the soldiers exposed to atmospheric nuclear testing at Yucca Flats, Nevada to measure the bomb's consequences. He was reportedly selected for the mission because of the injuries he had survived in the Baker Hotel blast.

## Acting career

After his honorable discharge from the military, McGhee returned to performing at the Dallas Theater Center's Janus Players. In 1954, he broke racial barriers and was the first African-American actor to perform professionally on the Dallas stage in roles without racial requirements. He performed in more than 35 theater productions and stage plays, and in more than 15 films, including High Yellow (1965), Curse of the Swamp Creature (1966), Don't Look in the Basement (1973), Drive-In (1976), 1918 (1985) and Riverbend (1989).
He was one of the first unionized African-American actors in Dallas with SAG (Screen Actors Guild) and AFTRA (American Federation of Television and Radio Artists).

## Death

McGhee died from male breast cancer, aged 76. He was survived by his wife, Ina B. Daniels Hurdle-McGhee, a civil rights activist, as well as by his children: a son, Derek McGhee, a daughter, Dawn McGhee, an actress/director/producer. He was also survived by ten siblings.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1963 | Free, White and 21 | Witness | |
| 1964 | The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald | Witness | |
| 1965 | High Yellow | Joseph | |
| 1971 | Fairplay | Jefferson Washington | |
| 1971 | Quadroon | Jacques | |
| 1973 | Don't Look in the Basement | Sam | |
| 1973 | The Pickle Goes in the Middle | Scarfie School Teacher | |
| 1974 | Slick Silver | | |
| 1976 | Drive-In | Dr. Demars | |
| 1985 | 1918 | Sam the Cemetery Worker | |
| 1986 | On Valentine's Day | Sam | |
| 1986 | Shadows on the Wall | Preacher Readman | |
| 1989 | Riverbend | Reverend Benson | (final film role) |
# Paolo de Maio

Paolo de Maio or Paolo de Majo (15 January 1703 – 20 April 1784) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period.

## Biography

Paolo de Maio was born in Marcianise, province of Caserta, in the region of Campania. His brother Ludovico de Majo (born in Maricianise on 12 October 1695) was also a painter.
Paolo de Maio was a pupil of Francesco Solimena in Naples. He was prolific in Naples, painting the cupola and around the windows for the church of Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella; a San Domenico (1742) for the church of Gesù e Maria at Corso Umberto; a San Niccolò (1772) for the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie a Caponapoli; the Four Evangelists for the church of Trinità in via Roma; as well as frescoes for the ceiling of the church of Monte Cassino.
He painted a canvas depicting San Gennaro for a church in Mugnano del Cardinale, as well as Evangelists (1782) for the church of Verginiani in Casamarciano. He painted a number of canvases in the 1760s for the church of the Camaldoli of Nola (Visciano).
Paolo de Maio died in Naples.
# Paolo Guerci

Paolo Guerci is an Italian engineer who has spent his career in auto racing.

## Career

Guerci joined forces with retired racing driver Guido Forti to form the Forti racing team in 1972. He remained with the team throughout its rise through Formula Three and Formula 3000, and eventually its unsuccessful foray into Formula One in 1995 and 1996. In 1994, Guido Forti found a new business partner in Carlo Gancia, who bought Guerci's shares in the team and set about raising the budget needed for Formula One with help from driver Pedro Diniz's family. Guerci stayed on as a race engineer for the team during its time in F1.
Following his spell with Forti, Guerci became a principal member of the technical staff of Italian Formula Three Championship Passoli Racing, alongside former Ferrari and Brabham chief mechanic Ermanno Cuoghi. Guerci left the team after Cesare Passoli's death in 2008. He then worked as Technical Director for the Italian International Formula Master team Alan Racing. He also collaborated with the racing team RP Motorsport in Piacenza.
His son, Davide Guerci, followed the steps of his father and worked for the Formula Three team Down Force and the Formula Renault team GSK Motorsport.
# William Hayes (New Zealand cricketer)

William Hugh James "Chattel" Hayes (26 April 1890 – 30 June 1972) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in 24 first-class matches for Canterbury from 1909 to 1928.

## Life and career

Hayes began his career as a batsman and brilliant fieldsman, then took up medium-pace bowling, and then wicket-keeping. He kept wicket for so long at such a high standard in Christchurch that the award for most wicket-keeping dismissals in a Christchurch cricket season is named the Chattel Hayes Memorial Trophy. He was still keeping wicket in the lower grades in Christchurch into his late sixties.
When Canterbury successfully challenged Auckland for the Plunket Shield in January 1913, Hayes scored 125, the only century in the match. His captain, Dan Reese, said after the match that Hayes was regarded in Christchurch as a "steady, sturdy batsman, difficult to dismiss", but his century showed he was a "finished" batsman, particularly adept at back cutting. Hayes scored 61 when Canterbury defended the Shield in their next match, defeating Otago by an innings. He and Rupert Hickmott (77 runs) added 131 for the second wicket, but no one else in the match reached 40. He was the highest-scoring batsman in the short New Zealand first-class season, with 265 runs in three matches at an average of 66.25 and the only century. Hayes was unable to reproduce this good form in later seasons; however, for a Canterbury B team against Hawke's Bay in January 1920 he scored 103 in 100 minutes.
Hayes was also a boxer, an athlete who specialised in the mile, and a rugby union five-eighth. He served overseas in the first New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War I. In 1921, he married Alice Maude Ongley, the older sister of the cricketer Arthur Ongley and the geologist Mont Ongley. She died in September 1956; he died in June 1972.
# William Pickering (Australian politician)

William George Pickering (20 September 1869 – 15 September 1953) was an Australian politician. He was the Country Party member for Sussex in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1917 to 1924. In 1920, he was the only member of the Legislative Assembly to vote against allowing women to stand for parliament.
# Papa Roach: Live & Murderous in Chicago

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| antiMUSIC.com | |
| Melodic | |
Papa Roach: Live & Murderous in Chicago is the first DVD by Californian rock band Papa Roach. It was released in the United States on November 22, 2005 and features the band performing live at The Vic Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. Extras include all of the band's music videos from their career to date, a photo gallery, and a hidden easter egg. The DVD was produced and directed by Devin DeHaven through his company, FortressDVD. The concert has also been aired on HDNet.

## Track listing

* Introduction
* Dead Cell
* Not Listening
* She Loves Me Not
* M-80 (Explosive Energy Movement)
* Getting Away with Murder
* Be Free
* Life Is a Bullet
* Blood (Empty Promises)
* Done With You
* Harder Than a Coffin Nail
* Blood Brothers
* Born with Nothing, Die with Everything
* Infest
* Take Me
* Scars
* Broken Home
* Cocaine (Queens of the Stone Age cover)
* Last Resort
* Between Angels and Insects
* End Credits

## Bonus material

* Music videos
** "Last Resort"
** "Broken Home"
** "Between Angels and Insects"
** "She Loves Me Not"
** "Time and Time Again"
** "Getting Away with Murder"
** "Scars"
* Photo gallery
* Easter egg (To find, go to the audio selection screen, highlight main menu, press left and then enter.)

## Personnel

* Jacoby Shaddix - lead vocals
* Jerry Horton - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Tobin Esperance - bass guitar, backing vocals
* Dave Buckner - drums, percussion
# William Jackson (New Zealand politician)

William Jackson (11 October 1832 – 29 September 1889), generally known as Major Jackson, was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in the Waikato region of New Zealand.

## Early life

Jackson was born in 1832 in Providence Green, Green Hammerton, near Harrogate, Yorkshire, England. He was the son of Samuel Jackson (1806–1858), a brewer and yeoman who owned and farmed his land, and Sarah Jackson (née Hughlings; 1807/08–1836), the daughter of a Welsh revenue collector. His mother died when he was four. He had three brothers and a sister; all but one of the brothers emigrated to New Zealand.
His parents had married on 24 March 1828. His oldest sibling was his sister Ann (30 April 1829 – 9 August 1859). She died three days after giving birth to her first child. His eldest brother was Samuel, who studied law, was called to the bar in 1853, and emigrated to Auckland in 1856, where he became a prominent lawyer. William himself was the third of the children; he was born on 11 October 1832 and baptised a month later on 12 November. Thomas (2 December 1833 – 15 November 1906) was the next sibling. He became a mariner and also emigrated to New Zealand. His youngest brother, John (4 April 1835 – 7 October 1911), remained in England and became a prominent neurologist.
He emigrated to Australia in 1857 to join the Victorian gold rush. Sometime later, he went to New Zealand to join two brothers who were already there. His wife was Bridget.

## New Zealand

In New Zealand, Jackson first farmed in Mangatawhiri, then Rangiaohia, Kihikihi, and then Papakura. When the Invasion of Waikato commenced, Jackson organised a local militia that became known as Jackson's Forest Rangers, and he was commissioned as Major Jackson. When militia stole a Māori flag, his wife hid it under her dress, wearing it as a petticoat. In retaliation, Jackson's house was burned down twice.
He represented the Waikato electorate from 1872 to 1875, when he retired. He then represented the Waipa electorate from 1887 to 1889, when he died. As a politician, it is said that he was as vigorous as he had been as a militia leader. During his times in parliament, he supported the Stafford and Atkinson Ministries.
Jackson went missing during a voyage on the SS Rotorua en route from New Plymouth to Onehunga. He disappeared during the night of 29/30 September 1889, and it is assumed that he got sick, went on deck and fell over board.
The Jacksons had no children.
# William Jackson (fl. 1601–1604)

William Jackson (fl. 1601–1604) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Guildford in 1601 and for Haslemere in 1604. He has not been clearly identified, beyond his name in the records, but The History of Parliament theorizes that he may have the same person as the younger brother of fellow MP John Jackson.
# Pappobolus sanchezii

Pappobolus sanchezii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Peru.
# Parades (Efterklang album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 77/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Drowned in Sound | 10/10 |
| Mojo | |
| musicOMH | |
| NME | 7/10 |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.4/10 |
| PopMatters | |
| Q | |
| The Skinny | |
| Stylus Magazine | A− |
| Uncut | |
Parades is the second full-length album by the Danish group Efterklang. It marks the first time that the band work with an outside influence; after eighteen months of recording, the band drafted in British producer/engineer Darren Allison (Spiritualized, The Divine Comedy) to create the final mixes together with Efterklang's own Mads Brauer.
In 2015, Parades was reissued on double vinyl by The Leaf Label as part of the label's 20th anniversary, after the album was selected in a public poll. This limited edition release has been made available to fans via the PledgeMusic service before it will be in stores in early 2015.

## Track listing

* "Polygyne"– 6:58
* "Mirador" – 5:08
* "Him Poe Poe" – 2:21
* "Horseback Tenors" – 5:48
* "Mimeo" – 1:22
* "Frida Found a Friend" - 5:18
* "Maison de Réflexion" - 5:33
* "Blowing Lungs Like Bubbles" - 2:46
* "Caravan" - 4:59
* "Illuminant" - 4:33
* "Cutting Ice to Snow" - 4:13

## Credits

* Produced by Efterklang.
* Mixed by Darren Allison and Mads Brauer.
* Artwork by Hvass&Hannibal.
# Paradeshayesites

Paradeshayesites is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the Ammonite subclass.

## Biostratigraphic significance

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of Paradeshayesites oglanlensis as the defining biological marker for the start of the Aptian Stage of the Cretaceous, ~125.0 million years ago.
# Paradesi

Paradesi may refer to:
* Paradesi (1953 film), a 1953 Telugu-Tamil Bilingual film directed by L. V. Prasad, starring Anjali Devi and Sivaji Ganesan
* Paradesi (1998 film), a 1998 Telugu film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao
* Paradesi (2007 film), a 2007 Indian Malayalam film directed by P. T. Kunju Muhammed and starring Mohanlal
* Paradesi (2013 film), a 2013 Tamil film directed by Bala starring Adharvaa
* Paradesi Jews, a community of Sephardic Jews settled among the larger Cochin Jewish community in Kerala
# William Rees (archdeacon of St Asaph)

The Ven. William Hugh Rees was Archdeacon of St Asaph from 1970 to 1974.
He was born in 1905 and educated at St David's College, Lampeter, and Westcott House, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1929 and began his career with curacies at Carmarthen and Uzmaston. After this, he was Bishop's Messenger for the Diocese of St David's from 1935 to 1939. He held incumbencies at St Mary Haverfordwest and St Paul, Colwyn Bay. He was Rural Dean of Rhos from 1960 to 1970, when he became Archdeacon of the surrounding area. He retired in 1974.
# Papyrius (ant)

Papyrius is a genus of ants in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. The genus is known only from Australia and New Guinea, where they nest in dead wood in forested areas.

## Species

* Papyrius flavus (Mayr, 1865)
* Papyrius nitidus (Mayr, 1862)