OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pitrufquén

Pitrufquén (Spanish pronunciation:) is a Chilean city and commune in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. The city is located 30 km south of Temuco and lies immediately south of the Toltén River, along Chile Highway 5.

## History

Pitrufquén was initially founded as Lisperguer, name that honors the creator of the plane of the urban area, the French engineer Lisperguer.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Pitrufquén spans an area of 580.7 km$^2$ (224 sq mi) and has 21,988 inhabitants (10,902 men and 11,086 women). Of these, 13,420 (61%) lived in urban areas and 8,568 (39%) in rural areas.
Population of the Pitrufquén commune :
| Census 1992 | 20,026 |
| Census 2002 | 21,988 |
| Census 2008 | 24,586 |
Pitrufquén's population is characterized as varied because its members have different culture backgrounds, highlighting the historical legacy Spanish and immigrants principally from: France, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and Hungary. Currently, the largest foreign colony is in "Faja Maisan" composed mostly of descendants of Germans, Dutchmen and Swiss, whose ancestors arrived in La Araucanía between 1905 and 1912.
Since 1898, Pitrufquén begins its development under the impetus of its people and its agricultural potential. Besides immigrants mostly Dutchmen and Germans.

## Administration

As a commune, Pitrufquén is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Humberto Catalán Candia (PS).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Pitrufquén is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by José Manuel Edwards (RN) and Joaquín Tuma (PDC) as part of the 51st electoral district, together with Carahue, Nueva Imperial, Saavedra, Teodoro Schmidt, Freire and Cholchol. The commune is represented in the Senate by José Garcia Ruminot (RN) and Eugenio Tuma Zedan (PPD) as part of the 15th senatorial constituency (Araucanía-South).
# Queens Club (band)

Queens Club was an alternative rock band from Kansas City, Missouri who were signed to Tooth & Nail Records.

## History

Queens Club formed in 2007 with former members of The Chariot, Dan Eaton (Vocals/ guitar), and Jake Ryan (drums), as well as Andy Nichols (guitar) and Tyler Bottles (bass). The band signed to Tooth and Nail records in 2009, and has released one EP, Nightmarer, and one full-length album Young Giant.
Since signing with Tooth & Nail the band has toured with Breathe Carolina, Hyper Crush, Let's Get It, The Forecast, Emery, Sent by Ravens, Cash Cash and Family Force 5.
The band announced their breakup in September 2011 via their Facebook Page in the midst of the creating of their new album. After losing their lead vocalist, Dan Eaton, who is pursuing his own solo career the band decided to move on. Most of the members plan on continuing in the music and art field.

## Style

The band's first album has been described as "a perfect storm of Euro dance rock, indie sophistication and a sprinkling of punk rock’s filth and fury snottiness."

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Young Giant (2010)

### EPs

* UH HUH! (2009)
* Nightmarer (2009)
* Friendly (2010)

### Music videos

* "Less Talk"
* "Are We? Will We?"

### Non-album compilations

* "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" on Happy Christmas Vol. 5
# Smith Inlet (British Columbia)

Smith Inlet is an inlet at the head of Smith Sound on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Smith Inlet and Smith Sound are notable as the home of the Gwaʼsala group of the Kwakwakaʼwakw peoples, who are also known as the Smith Inlet people. Nekite Indian Reserve No. 2, which is under the governance of the Gwaʼsala-ʼNakwaxdaʼxw Nations band government, is located at the head of Smith Inlet, at the mouth of the Nekite River.
Smith Inlet is the childhood home of figure skater and magician Greg Ladret and world and Olympic team member Doug Ladret.

## History

Peter Puget and Joseph Whidbey, two of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition, first charted the inlet in 1792.
# Angela Peñaherrera

Angela Isadora Peñaherrera Jácome (born 16 July 1985) is an Ecuadorian actress, television producer, and guitarist.

## Biography

Angela Peñaherrera was born on 16 July 1985 to muralist and photographer Fabián Peñaherrera and ballet dancer María Inés Jácome. She completed her primary studies via Montessori education and then studied at Torrance High School in Torrance, California.
Peñaherrera has been in the Ecuadorian independent music scene 2006. She was a founding member of the all-female punk band The Cassettes and is currently a member of Guayaquil-based indie rock band Moshi Moshi. Her first appearance in cinema was in the Ecuadorian film Without Summer, Without Autumn by Iván Mora Manzano, playing as Paula, a girl searching for the meaning of happiness.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 "Ángela Peñaherrera siempre ha estado vinculada con el arte a través de su familia". El Telégrafo (in Spanish). 10 October 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
* ↑ "Ángela Peñaherrera, en película ecuatoriana "La Descorrupción". PP El Verdadero (in Spanish). 30 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
* ↑ "Ángela Peñaherrera: "Mi verdadera felicidad es el arte". Diario Extra (in Spanish). 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
* ↑ "Atrás y delante de las cámaras". El Universo (in Spanish). 21 June 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
# Toney Catchings

Toney Bruce Catchings (born August 11, 1965) is an American former professional football linebacker who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Cincinnati.
# Stigmella ichigoiella

Stigmella ichigoiella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from Kyushu in Japan.
The larvae feed on Rubus buergeri. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Sukhodol

Sukhodol may refer to the following Russian entities:
* Sukhodol, Samara Oblast, an urban locality
* Sukhodol, Gafuriysky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a rural locality
* Sukhodol, Vladimir Oblast, a rural locality
* Sukhodol, Volgograd Oblast, a rural locality
* Sukhodol (novel), a novel by Ivan Bunin
# Where Do We Go from Here (Hank Smith song)

"Where Do We Go from Here" is a single by Canadian country music artist Hank Smith. The song debuted at number 48 on the RPM Country Tracks chart on September 4, 1971. It peaked at number 1 on November 27, 1971.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1971) | Peak position |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |
# Smith Institute

The Smith Institute is a left-wing think tank in the United Kingdom. It was founded in memory of John Smith QC MP, former leader of the Labour Party.

## History

Its work has focused on regional "rebalancing" away from London towards the North, health, housing, community cohesion, employment and pay, and early intervention. It was founded in 1996 in memory of John Smith MP who was leader of the Labour Party until his death in 1994. The Smith Institute describes its purpose as pursuing "policies for a fairer society" and states that it aims to build on John Smith's passion for social justice.
The Institute's director is Paul Hackett, a former special adviser to John Prescott MP. It has had articles in the Observer on the regional divide. Its work with the Centre for Social Justice on early intervention has been widely covered.
While the Labour Party was in government, a number of the think tank's meetings were held at Number 11 Downing Street, and the organisation allegedly had close ties with Gordon Brown. Following a complaint from the right-wing media in 2001, the Smith Institute was the subject of an inquiry by the Charity Commission, which closed in 2002.
Ed Balls MP was given a Senior Research Fellowship at the Institute after he left HM Treasury to stand as a Parliamentary candidate in 2004.

## Funding

In November 2022, the funding transparency website Who Funds You? gave the institute a D grade (rating goes from A to E).
# Winburg Commando

Winburg Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Origin
#### With the Orange Free State Republic

In October 1899, President Marthinus Steyn of the Orange Free State ordered his commandants to muster all able bodied burgers in anticipation of war with the British. Marthinus Prinsloo was elected as commandant of Winburg.
On 9 October 1900 he occupied positions at Platberg Mountain near Harrismith. He was subsequently elected Chief Commandant of the Free State and then Helgard Theunissen was placed in command of the Winburg Commando. Note that Boer General Koos de la Rey was born in the district of Winburg on the farm Doornfontein. A subcommando of the Winburg Commando from Senekal began operating independently. Together these and other commandos invaded the Colony of Natal in the upper Tugela region.
(Transfer to the Western Front and the Battle of Paardeberg) The Winburg Commando was withdrawn from the Natal Front on 14 February 1900 and rushed to the Kimberley area to assist General Piet Cronje.
500 Boers from Heidelberg and Winburg Commandos attacked a koppie held by the Yorkshire Regiment and East Kent Regiment. The Boer forces were using this area as an escape route. Kommandant Helgaard Theunissen with 87 Winburgers held their ground until the main Boer forces reached safety and after a few hours surrendered to the British. At least 15 Winburgers were killed in this operation.

#### In the Union Defence Force (UDF, 1912-1957)

By 1902 all Commando remnants were under British military control and disarmed. By 1912, however previous Commando members could join shooting associations. By 1940, such commandos were under control of the National Reserve of Volunteers. These commandos were formally reactivated by 1948.

#### In the South African Defence Force (SADF, 1957-1994)

The majority of the commandos operations in this era was local area protection.

#### In the South African National Defence Force (SANDF, 1994-)
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
* Commandant Marthinus Prinsloo 1899
* Commandant Helgard Theunissen 1899
# Angola national under-23 football team

Angola Olympic football team represents Angola in international football competitions in Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Angolan Football Federation.

## CAF U-23 Championship record

CAF U-23 Championship :
| Appearances: 7 / 11 ||||||||||
| Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD |
| 1984 | First | – | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | -1 |
| 1996 | Second | – | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 |
| 2000 | Second | – | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 11 | +10 |
| 2004 | Group | – | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 6 | +7 |
| 2008 | Second | – | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -2 |
| 2011 | First | – | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 | Second | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | -5 |
| Total | - | - | 28 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 46 | 34 | +12 |

## African Games record

African Games :
| Appearances: 5 / 9 ||||||||||
| Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD |
| 1995 | First | – | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1999 | Third | – | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 0 |
| 2003 | Third | – | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 | +1 |
| 2007 | Second | – | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | -1 |
| 2011 | Preliminary | – | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | -4 |
| Total | - | - | 14 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 27 | 31 | -4 |
# Stigmella ilsea

Stigmella ilsea is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the North and South Islands. The larvae of this species are leaf miners and feed on Olearia virgata, Olearia rugosa, Olearia odorata, Olearia laxiflora, Olearia lineate and Olearia hectorii. Adult moths have been recorded in January, October and November. Reared specimens emerged from July to September. There is likely one generation per year.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1989 by Hans Donner and Christopher Wilkinson from specimens collected in Taupō and Otago. The male holotype specimen, collected at Whenuakura flats at Whanganui Valley in the Taringamotu State Forest at an altitude of 792 m on the 11 October 1979 by J. S. Dugdale, is held in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the North and South Islands.

## Hosts

The larvae feed on Olearia virgata, Olearia rugosa, Olearia odorata, Olearia laxiflora, Olearia lineate and Olearia hectorii.

## Behaviour

The larvae mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as very narrow gallery, but a full-grown larva occupies all space between the cuticles, leaving nothing but a small, empty bladder. Larvae have been recorded from February to May and in July and September. The cocoon is pale brown and is spun in detritus on the ground underneath the host plant. Adult moths have been recorded in January, October and November. Reared specimens emerged from July to September. There is probably one generation per year.
# Stuckenbergiana

Stuckenbergiana is a genus of flea beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. There is a single described species, Stuckenbergiana glabrata, which is found in South Africa.

## Description

This beetle is small (3 mm long). The head and pronotum (thorax) are orange, and the elytra, breast, and abdomen black. The antennae are filiform, orange at the base and blackish towards the apex. The pronotum is transverse (width greater than length) with sides that are strongly rounded with narrow margins, and an antebasal transverse groove. The scutellum is small and the elytra are strongly convex, much wider at the base than the thorax.

## Taxonomy

Stuckenbergiana glabrata (Jacoby 1899) was originally described as Podagrica glabrata, but Scherer created the genus Stuckenbergiana because the species was sufficiently different from other species of Podagrica.
# Cage Hill

Cage Hill is a conical hill in Sussex County, New Jersey. The summit rises to 846 feet (258 m), overlooking the confluence of Lubbers Run and the Musconetcong River to the south, and Jefferson Lake to the north. It is part of the New York–New Jersey Highlands of the Appalachian Mountains.
# Réseau plate

A Réseau plate is a transparent sheet of glass or plastic engraved with a grid of crosshatches called fiducial markers. It was commonly used in film cameras (before the advent of digital cameras) for scientific and technical photography. The plate is placed at the focal plane of the camera just in front of the film. When the frame is exposed the fiducial markers scatter incoming light, creating a permanent shadow on the negative.
The fiducial markers on a Réseau plate are sometimes called reticles. The Latin root of fiducial means trust, confidence; fiducial markers are trustworthy reference points. The Latin root of reticle means small meshwork bag, small net; a grid of reticles has a net-like appearance.

## Purpose and function

If the film negative is properly printed the fiducial markers will be evenly spaced on the positive image. Uneven spacing reveals that the image has been distorted. Identical spacing on adjacent images (e.g. from a series of aerial photos) ensures that printing magnification is consistent. Irregularities in the grid can also result from incorrect positioning of the film in the camera, physical distortion of the film media in the development process, and (if digitally scanned) the nonlinearity of the image scanner. These errors may be visually imperceptible but limit the precision of measurements. Because the position of the marks is very precisely known, the image can easily be corrected to account for these effects. When used for photogrammetry, multiple images can be combined using the fiducial marks and knowledge of the camera geometry to enable measurement of distances between objects in the images.
Fiducial markers are generally unnecessary for digital cameras because the physical pixel structure of the sensor itself inherently provides a source of geometric reference.

## Use on lunar cameras

The Hasselblad lunar surface data camera used on the Apollo Moon missions was fitted with a Réseau plate made of glass and fitted to the back of the camera body, extremely close to the film plane. The plate was 5.4 × 5.4 cm in the film plane, which was the useful exposure area on the 70 mm film.
The Réseau plate was engraved with a 5 × 5 grid of crosses. The intersections of the crosses were 10 mm apart and accurately calibrated to a tolerance of 0.002 mm. Except for the double-sized central cross, each of the four arms on a cross was 1 mm long and 0.02 mm wide. The crosses (also known as fiducials) were recorded on every exposed frame and provided a means of determining angular distances between objects in the field-of-view.
When the Hasselblad lunar surface data camera was fitted with a 60 mm lens, the images of the Réseau crosses on the film have an apparent separation of 10.3 degrees. With a 500 mm lens fitted, the apparent separation is 1.24 degrees.
# Unnyul Kumsanpo

Ŭllyul Kŭmsanp'o(은율금산포) is an 800 ha wetland wildlife reserve on the north-eastern shore of the Yellow Sea, on the west coast of North Korea in Ŭllyul County, South Hwanghae Province south of the estuary of the Taedong River. The site forms the core of a 1400 ha Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because, with adjacent rice paddies, it supports populations of migrating and wintering water and wetland birds. Species using the site include swan geese, whooper swans, black-faced spoonbills, Chinese egrets, red-crowned cranes and Nordmann's greenshanks. The IBA is threatened by agricultural intensification.
# QSO J0313−1806

QSO J0313−1806 was the most distant, and hence also the oldest known quasar at z = 7.64, at the time of its discovery. In January 2021, it was identified as the most redshifted (highest z) known quasar, with the oldest known supermassive black hole (SMBH) at (1.6±0.4)×10$^9$ solar masses. The 2021 announcement paper described it as "the most massive SMBH at z > 7". This quasar beat the prior recordsetting quasar, ULAS J1342+0928. In 2023, UHZ1 was discovered, setting a new record for most distant quasar, eclipsing that of QSO J0313−1806.
One of the 2021 paper authors, Feige Wang, said that the existence of a supermassive black hole so early in the existence of the Universe posed problems for the current theories of formation since "black holes created by the very first massive stars could not have grown this large in only a few hundred million years". The redshift z = 7.642 corresponds to an age of about 600 million years.
# Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter

Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A3 gene.
Expression of the myo-inositol transport protein is regulated by osmotic stress.
# Winburndale Dam

Winburndale Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Winburndale Rivulet in New South Wales. Its height is 22 metres (72 ft) and holds back 1,700 megalitres of water. The dam is situated within the Winburndale Nature Reserve, 19 kilometres (12 mi) East of Bathurst, New South Wales. There is no public access to the dam.
It is used to supply raw water to Bathurst for the watering of parks and industrial use.

## History

After extensive and lengthy investigations of possible dam locations, construction of the Winburndale dam began in 1931. It was constructed using Unemployment Relief funds during the Great Depression. As part of the construction of Winburndale dam, a 21 kilometres (13 mi) gravity fed wood stave pipeline was built from the dam to Bathurst.
# Angola river frog

The Angola river frog (Amietia angolensis), or common river frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. Formerly, it was placed in the family Ranidae.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in southern and eastern Africa.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, and canals and ditches.
It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

## Diet and predators

Like other frogs, this frog feeds on worms and insects, such as locust. It is a prey to crocodiles, shoebills, and snakes.
# Stading

Stading is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Evelina Stading (1797–1829), Swedish painter
* Franziska Stading (1763–1836), Swedish opera singer
# Stuckey

Stuckey may refer to:
* Stuckey, Georgia
* Stuckey, South Carolina
* Stuckey House, a historic home in West Virginia
* Stuckey's, an American roadside convenience store chain
* Stuckey's Bridge, a bridge spanning the Chunky River near Meridian, Mississippi
* Stuckey and Murray, American comedy music duo
* Stuckey (surname)
# Rannaküla, Tartu County

Rannaküla is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in southern Estonia. It has a population of 65 (as of 1 January 2005).
# Angered (locality)

Angered is a locality situated in Göteborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It is 12 km north of Gothenburg and it had 950 inhabitants in 2010. The locality consists of buildings adjacent to Angered Church. Commuting to Gothenburg occurs.