OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albrecht von Scharfenberg

Albrecht von Scharfenberg (fl. 1270s) was a Middle High German poet, best known as the author of Der jüngere Titurel ("The Younger Titurel") since his two other known works, Seifrid de Ardemont and Merlin, are lost. Linguistic evidence suggests he may have been from Bavaria and worked in Thuringia or elsewhere in northern Germany.
Der jüngere Titurel survives in eleven complete manuscripts and about fifty fragments. It is a cohesive continuation in over 6,300 lines of Wolfram von Eschenbach's fragmentary Titurel, and builds on the love story of Sigune and Schionatulander found in his Parzival. It is a "saga with a worldwide sweep encompassing an enormous cast of characters [and a] message of Christian virtue."
Throughout the poem Albrecht pretends to be the famed Wolfram, and for a long time modern scholars thought the latter was the author of Der jüngere Titurel. It is now recognised that seven stanzas—the so-called Hinweisstrophen (reference stanzas)—reveal the author to be other than Wolfram and stanza 5883 even names him as "Albrecht". The dating of Der jüngere Titurel to the early 1270s is tentative and based largely on a fragment of a dedicatory poem, the so-called Verfasserfragment (author fragment).
The late medieval writer Ulrich Füetrer regarded Albrecht as one of the greatest poets of the German language. He also identifies him as the author of the two lost works. Der jüngere Titurel was popular enough to be printed at Strasbourg in 1477. Ulrich's opinion of it was followed by most scholars, and it was often (erroneously) labelled the greatest accomplishment of Wolfram. In 1829 Karl Lachmann denigrated the poem while correcting its attribution. Its reputation remained low until the late twentieth century.
# Monetae cudendae ratio

"Monetae cudendae ratio" (also spelled "Monetæ cudendæ ratio"; English: "On the Minting of Coin" or "On the Striking of Coin"; sometimes, "Treatise on Money") is a paper on coinage by Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik). It was written in 1526 at the request of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland, and presented to the Prussian Diet.

## History

Copernicus' earliest draft of his essay in 1517 was entitled "De aestimatione monetae" ("On the Value of Coin"). He revised his original notes, while at Olsztyn (Allenstein) in 1519 (which he defended against the Teutonic Knights), as "Tractatus de monetis" ("Treatise on Coin") and "Modus cudendi monetam" ("The Way to Strike Coin"). He made these the basis of a report which he presented to the Prussian Diet at Grudziądz (Graudenz) in 1522; Copernicus' friend Tiedemann Giese accompanied him on the trip to Graudenz. For the 1528 Prussian Diet, Copernicus wrote an expanded version of this paper, "Monetae cudendae ratio", setting forth a general theory of money.
In the paper, Copernicus postulated the principle that "bad money drives out good", which later came to be referred to as Gresham's law after a later describer, Sir Thomas Gresham. This phenomenon had been noted earlier by Nicole Oresme, but Copernicus rediscovered it independently. Gresham's law is still known in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe as the Copernicus-Gresham Law.
In the same work, Copernicus also formulated an early version of the quantity theory of money, or the relation between a stock of money, its velocity, its price level, and the output of an economy. Like many later classical economists of the 18th and 19th centuries, he focused on the connection between increased money supply and inflation.
"Monetae cudendae ratio" also draws a distinction between the use value and exchange value of commodities, anticipating by some 250 years the use of these concepts by Adam Smith—although it, too, had antecedents in earlier writers, including Aristotle.
Copernicus' essay was republished in 1816 in the Polish capital, Warsaw, as Dissertatio de optima monetae cudendae ratione (Dissertation on the Optimal Minting of Coin), few copies of which survive.
# Mones Quintela

Mones Quintela is a small town in the Artigas Department of northern Uruguay.

## Geography

The town is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Bella Unión, on the shores of the Uruguay River and the stream Arroyo Itacumbú, just northeast of Cainsa. It is connected to the Route 3 by a local road.

## Origin of name and history

The town takes its name from Alfredo Mones Quintela, an agricultural engineer, once a director of the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative in the 1950s. The CALPICA sugar plant supported the vast majority of the population for a few decades, and was converted into a cooperative irrigation for vegetable and fruit crops and industrial plant is now used as a deposit for rice.
On 5 and 6 November 2010, Mones Quintela held the first festival of sugarcane in Uruguay and commemorated the 25th anniversary of the denomination of Mones Quintela as a town.

## Population

In 2011 Mones Quintela had a population of 531.
| Year | Population |
| 1996 | 616 |
| 2004 | 601 |
| 2011 | 531 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# Albin Lorentzon

Albin Lorentzon (born 7 January 1986) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey player who currently serves as physical therapist to Linköping HC Dam of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). Lorentzon played 165 regular season games with Linköping HC in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and appeared in 25 playoff games with the club. During his playing career, Lorentzon also played in the Norwegian GET-ligaen with IK Comet and in the HockeyAllsvenskan with HC Vita Hästen, AIK IF, Örebro HK, and VIK Vaesteras HK.
Though he went undrafted, Lorentzon was 151st on the NHL Central Scouting Bureau final rankings of European skaters eligible for the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.
Lorentzon began studying to become a physical therapist after retiring from hockey in 2016. He joined the Linköping HC medical team in the 2018–19 SHL season as a massage therapist. Following the completion of his studies in 2020, Lorentzon became the principal physical therapist to Linköping HC Dam.
# Alcombe

Alcombe may refer to two places in England:
* Alcombe, Somerset, a suburb of Minehead, Somerset
* Alcombe, Wiltshire, a hamlet in the parish of Box, Wiltshire
# 2021 Patriot League men's soccer tournament

The 2021 Patriot League men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Patriot League held from November 6 through November 13, 2021. The tournament was held at campus sites, with the higher seeded team hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the American Eagles. They were unable to defend their crown, after losing to Loyola (MD) in the Final. The conference championship was the first for the Loyla men's soccer program, and the first for head coach Steve Nichols. As tournament champions, Loyola earned the Patriot League's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

## Seeding

Six of the ten Patriot League men's soccer programs qualified for the 2021 Tournament. Teams were seeded based on their regular season records. Tiebreakers were used to determine the seedings of teams who finished with identical conference records. A tiebreaker was required to determine the fourth and fifth seeds for the tournament as Lehigh and Navy finished with identical 5–4–0 records. Lehigh earned the fourth seed by virtue of their 3–2 overtime victory over Navy on October 23. Navy was the fifth seed for the tournament.
| Seed | School | Conference Record | Points |
| 1 | Loyola (MD) | 7–2–0 | 21 |
| 2 | American | 6–2–1 | 19 |
| 3 | Holy Cross | 5–3–1 | 16 |
| 4 | Lehigh | 5–4–0 | 15 |
| 5 | Navy | 5–4–0 | 15 |
| 6 | Army | 4–4–1 | 13 |

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals Saturday, Nov. 6 | Quarterfinals Saturday, Nov. 6 | Quarterfinals Saturday, Nov. 6 | Semifinals Tuesday, Nov. 9 | Semifinals Tuesday, Nov. 9 | Semifinals Tuesday, Nov. 9 | Final Sunday, Nov. 13 | Final Sunday, Nov. 13 | Final Sunday, Nov. 13 |
| | | | 1 | Loyola (MD) (pen.) | 0 (7) | | | |
| 4 | Lehigh | 0 | 6 | Army | 0 (6) | | | |
| 5 | Navy | 1 | | | | 1 | Loyola (MD) | 2 |
| | | | | | | 2 | American | 1 |
| | | | 2 | American | 4 | | | |
| 3 | Holy Cross | 0 | 5 | Navy | 2 | | | |
| 6 | Army | 1 | | | | | | |

## Statistics
### Goalscorers

There have been 11 goals scored in 5 matches, for an average of 2.2 goals per match (as of November 13, 2021).
2 goals
* David Coly – American
1 goal
* Ethan Boyle – American
* Evan Schweickert – American
* Max Wright – American
* Oscar Pereira – Army
* Justin Ingram – Loyola (MD)
* Kelan Swales – Loyola (MD)
* David Jackson – Navy
* Charlie Kriel – Navy
* Jacob Williams – Navy

## All-Tournament team

Source:
| Player | Team |
| Chase Vosvick | Loyola (MD) |
| Justin Ingram | Loyola (MD) |
| Jordy Luchies | Loyola (MD) |
| Kelan Swales | Loyola (MD) |
| Nicholas Blassou | American |
| David Coly | American |
| Mattias Cooper | American |
| Oscar Pereira | Army |
| Jacob Suppiah | Army |
| Matt Nocita | Navy |
| Jacob Williams | Navy |
MVP in bold
# Merkt

Merkt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Irmgard Merkt (born 1946), German music educator
* John L. Merkt (1946–2009), American politician
* Rick Merkt (born 1949), American politician, attorney, and businessman
# Phytoecia beuni

Phytoecia beuni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1976. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Omaira Rojas Cabrera

Anayibe Rojas Valderrama, also known as Omaira Rojas Cabrera (nom de guerre: Sonia), was born in Palestina, Huila Department, Colombia, on 16 June 1967. She comes from a low-income peasant family and had only completed two years of middle school before joining the FARC guerrilla by the late 1980s.

## Capture

She was captured by the Colombian Military on 10 February 2004 in a location called Peñas Coloradas, jurisdiction in the Municipality of Cartagena de Chairá and was taken to the Larandia AB to be interrogated mainly about the three Americans the FARC had kidnapped and about FARC's Secretariat. She was later transferred to many other locations for security reasons.

## Extradition

The United States accused "Sonia" of directly negotiating illegal drugs deliveries to Peruvian and Brazilian drug traffickers. Sonia was handed over to U.S. officials on 9 March 2004 at Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport in northern Colombia. She was extradited in 2005.

## U.S. trial

On 20 February 2007, Sonia was convicted of drug charges in a Washington D.C. court, marking the first time that an accused member of the FARC was found guilty in a U.S. court.
# Prodactylioceras

Prodactylioceras is genus of ammonite that lived during the Pliensbachian stage of early Jurassic. It has evolved from Reynesocoeloceras, but maybe not directly, but through Bettoniceras. Its fossils were found in Europe, Asia and North America.
While sometimes, genus Bettoniceras, which differs from Prodactylioceras only by lacking tubercules is considered valid, in other cases it is considered to be a synonym of this genus. Species as P. italicum, or P. colubriforme would not be in that case belonging to this genus, as they are members of genus Bettoniceras.

## Description

Ammonites of this genus had evolute shells, with circular to slightly depressed whorl section. In compressed species, ribs were fine and often prorsiradiate and they were wearing ventrolateral tubercules. In depressed species, ribs are coarser and swollen, while ventrolateral tubercules are larger.
# Phrynocephalus kulagini

Phrynocephalus kulagini, Kulagin's variegated toadhead agama, is a species of agamid lizard found in Mongolia and Russia.
# Sarnitsa Municipality

Sarnitsa Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Сърница) is one of the municipalities located in Pazardzhik Province. Its administrative centre is Sarnitsa. The municipality was established on 1 January 2015.

## Geography

The municipality is located in the southern portion of the province. The total area is 198.59 km$^2$ (76.68 sq mi). It occupies an elongated area that is 34 km long from northwest to southeast and 6 to 8 km in width. It borders Velingrad Municipality in the north and Batak Municipality in the east. The Dospat Municipality of Smolyan Province is to the south-east, while Garmen and Satovcha municipalities of Blagoevgrad Province adjoin the region in the south-west.

## Communities

There are only three communities with a permanent population: Sarnitsa, Pobit Kamak and Medeni Polyani, with only Sarnitsa being a town.
The population is around 4,617. The majority of the people in the municipality are Bulgarian-speaking Muslims.
# Northern Lights School Division No. 69

Northern Lights Public Schools, legally known as Northern Lights School Division No. 69, is a public school authority within the Canadian province of Alberta operated out of Bonnyville.
# Alec Newboult

Sir Alexander Theodore Newboult, KBE, CMG, MC, ED (3 January 1896 – 5 January 1964) was a British colonial administrator. He was Chief Secretary of the Federation of Malaya from 1946 to 1950. During that period, he was Officer Administering the Government of Malaya from July to October 1948 after the death of Sir Edward Gent.
Newboult was the elder son of the Rev. A. W. Newboult. His younger brother was the mathematician Harold Oliver Newboult. He was educated at Oakwood School and Kingswood School and Exeter College, Oxford. During the First World War, he served with the Royal Naval Division and the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, being awarded the Military Cross in 1918. He then joined the Colonial Administrative Service, beginning his service in Malaya in 1920. He went to Fiji as Colonial Secretary in 1942, after the Japanese invasion of Malaya, and remained in the colony until his return in Malaya. He retired from the service in 1950.
# A5 motorway (Cyprus)

The A5 links the A1 motorway (at the level of Kofinou village) with the A3 near Larnaca. It serves as the main route linking the cities of Limassol (with the biggest seaport on the island) and Larnaca (with the largest airport). It runs parallel to the older B5 Main Road.
# Maltidhari College, Naubatpur

Maltidhari College, Naubatpur is a degree college in Naubatpur, Bihar. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. College offers Senior secondary education and Undergraduate degree in Arts, Science and conducts some vocational courses.

## History

College was established in 1956. It got its first affiliation in 1957 from Patna University. After coming into existence of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, the college came under jurisdiction of it. College became a constituent unit of Patliputra University in 2018.

## Degrees and courses

College offers the following degrees and courses.
* Senior Secondary
** Intermediate of Arts
** Intermediate of Science
* Bachelor's degree
** Bachelor of Arts
** Bachelor of Science
* Vocational Course
** Bachelor of Computer Application
# Phytoecia basilevskyi

Phytoecia basilevskyi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Onoff (retailer)

Onoff (originally named Telecall) was a Swedish retail chain selling consumer electronics and major appliances. Founded in 1971, and later expanding into Finland and Estonia, the Swedish parent business went bankrupt in 2011, with some stores being purchased by rival chain Expert.
However, as of June 2018, the group's former Estonian subsidiary continued operating under the Onoff name following a management buyout in 2011, and operates to this day (2024).

## History
### Early years

The business was started in 1971 by Hans Westin, who imported Japanese audio products, and in 1973 the company went full-time. The first actual store was opened in 1976 in Åkersberga.
The Onoff name was established in 1982 when the company - then known as Telecall - bought Sigges radio and changed its name to Onoff. In 1985, a head office was built in Upplands Väsby.

### Finland and Estonia

In 2001, Onoff established operations and shops in Finland and Estonia.
A large part of Onoffs' revenue came from consumer finance business, Resursgruppen which they ran with SIBA. Resursgruppen operations included consumer credit and insurance when buying electronics via chain stores. In 2005, gains from this aspect of the business were greater than from the companies' sale of goods themselves.

### Bankruptcy

On 11 July 2011 it was announced via press release that the company had filed for bankruptcy in the Attunda courthouse. Stores in Estonia were part of a subsidiary and not affected by the bankruptcy. The bankruptcy administrator announced that the entire company would be sold with the 6 stores in Estonia together with the 67 Swedish stores and a central warehouse. The Onoff brand was not included in the deal.
The group's Estonian subsidiary was purchased through a management buyout in 2011 and still continues to operate under the Onoff name as of June 2018.
On 20 July 2011, the Swedish operation of consumer electronics chain Expert announced they would buy 30 of the total 67 stores and the central warehouse. From 1 August 2011, these stores became part of the Expert chain. Expert estimated that, with this takeover they would have a market share in Sweden of about 12-13 percent. The Swedish Expert chain filed for bankruptcy on 18 September 2012.
# Phrynocephalus przewalskii

Przewalski's toadhead agama (Phrynocephalus przewalskii), also known as Tsarewsky's toadhead agama, or Steindachner's toadhead agama, is a species of agamid lizard found in China and Mongolia. This species was named after Nikolay Przhevalsky, a Russian Imperial geographer and explorer of Central and East Asia.

## Description

P. przewalkskii is one of the 44 recognized species within the genus Phrynocephalus. Adults may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of about 61 mm (2.4 in) and weigh 7.2g on average. It sports a sand or gray colored body with a white underside. Sparse black specks or small spots are present on their head and body. Some individuals have denser spotting on the tops of their heads as well as a black stripe down the middle of their back. This pattern is more pronounced in adult males of the species.

## Distribution and habitat

It is most common in desert habitats of northwestern China, but specimens have also been spotted in Mongolia. It appears to prefer habitats with low moisture and high vegetation cover.

## Behavior

Przewalski's toadhead agamas are diurnal. They are insectivores and females lay 1–7 eggs per clutch.
# Sarnitsa, Haskovo Province

Sarnitsa, Haskovo Province is a village in the municipality of Mineralni bani, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Vino (album)

Vino is a lyrical rock album released by Draco Rosa in 2008 under Phantom Vox and a follow-up to Vagabundo. It was first published during the summer of 2007 under the alternate title of El Teatro del Absurdo in certain territories.

## Background

Draco terminated all contractual liaisons with Sony Music soon after the release of Mad Love. This freedom gave way to Vino, his first Spanish album since the release of Vagabundo in 1996.

## Track listing

All songs by Draco Rosa, excepted where noted.
* "Todo Es Vino"
* "Te Fumaré"
* "Es la Guerra"
* "Sueño Contigo"
* "Aleluya" (Leonard Cohen)
* "Todo Marcha Bien"
* "Desnudo (Happy)"
* "Horizonte"
* "Bosque de los Números"
* "Hasta la Victoria"
* "One Too Many Mornings" (Bob Dylan)
* "Roto por Ti"
* "Mensaje de Paz"
* "Luchar Por Ella"
# AC4 tank

The AC4 (Australian Cruiser Tank Mk. 4) was a cruiser tank designed in Australia in World War II as the intended successor to the AC3 Thunderbolt. Like its predecessors the AC4 was to have a one piece cast hull and turret. The AC4's most important characteristic would be the use of a 17 pounder tank gun.

## History

Reservations about the utility of the 25 pounder in the AC3, and the 25 pounder's limited ability to pierce armour led to experimentation with a 17 pounder mounted on an Australian cruiser.
A turret was built and mounted on one of the earlier development vehicles to assess the vehicle's ability to mount the foremost Allied anti-tank gun of the day – the British 17 pounder (76 mm, 3 in). This was achieved by mounting two 25 pounder gun-howitzers which when fired together would significantly exceed the recoil of a 17 pounder. In this configuration the tank was tested on 2 November 1942. It fitted with a 17 pounder and after successful gunnery trials on 17 November 1942 the 17 pounder was selected for the AC4 design. For the AC4 the 17 pounder was to be mounted in a new and larger turret, attached by a 70-inch (1778 mm) diameter turret ring, the space for which was accommodated by changes to the upper hull permitted by the compact nature of the "Perrier-Cadillac".
A design for the tank had been established, however it was subject to a redesign to alter the internal stowage, and include new features not previously considered such as removal of the turret basket, addition of a gyro-stabiliser, and swapping a hydraulic traverse for the electrical system, and torsion bar suspension for the volute spring used up until that point.
The programme was authorised to build a total of 510 AC4 tanks. Of these 510 tanks, 110 were to be the "A" variant fitted with a 25 pounder tank gun instead of the 17 pounder. While the AC4 did not receive a formal name the Director of AFV Production, Alfred Code, had the name "Woomera" in mind for the tank. The design was not yet finalised when the programme was terminated in July 1943.

## Variants

* AC4A
** one 25 pounder gun
** one Vickers machine gun
# 1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election

The 1889 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Friday 1 November 1889 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the first all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. The previous full elections were to Cardiff Town Council in November 1888.

## Background

Cardiff had become a county borough on 1 April 1889 as a result of the Local Government Act 1888. With its municipal year running from November, the November 1889 elections were the first all-Cardiff elections in the town since becoming a county borough. Not all council seats were up for election, because councillors stood down for election in rotation. The next all-Cardiff election took place on 1 November 1890.
In 1889 the council consisted of 30 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and ten aldermen who were elected by the councillors.

## Overview of the result

Contests took place in only two wards, the West ward and the Canton ward, which both elected two councillors. There were contrasting results in these wards, which the South Wales Daily News put down largely to the winning side being better organised, generally with more vehicles available to carry voters to the polling stations. In the West ward, Conservative candidate Mr E.J. Smith was president of the local Lincensed Victuallers Association, so secured the support of every publican.
The correspondent in the South Wales Daily News points to the recent South ward by-election, which had happened only five weeks beforehand and should have been a warning to the Liberals in the November election. The South ward by-election took place on 23 September in the docks area of the town and had been won by the Conservative candidate, their first representation in the ward since before 1886.

## Ward results
### Canton

Canton ward 1889 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Mr S. Mildon * | 1,345 |
| Liberal | Mr W. Sanders * | 1,272 |
| Independent | Mr H. Butler | 837 |
| Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing |
| Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing |

### West

West ward 1889 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| Conservative | Mr W. C Hurley | 732 |
| Conservative | Mr E. J. Smith | 700 |
| Liberal | Mr Joseph Henry Jones * | 652 |
| Liberal | Mr E. Thomas | 594 |
| Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing |
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing |
* = 'retiring' ward councillor for re-election