OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# San Clemente (disambiguation)

San Clemente is a city in Southern California in the United States.
San Clemente may also refer to:

## Places
### Argentina

* San Clemente del Tuyú, a town in the Partido de la Costa district of the Province of Buenos Aires

### Chile

* San Clemente, Chile, a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province, in the Maule Region

### Ecuador

* San Clemente, Ecuador, a coastal village located in the province of Manabí
* San Clemente Island (Galápagos), a former name of Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos

### Italy

* San Clemente, Emilia-Romagna, a comune in the province of Rimini, in the region Emilia-Romagna
* Basilica di San Clemente, a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome
* Isola di San Clemente, a small island in the Venetian Lagoon
* San Clemente, Padua, the Piazza dei Signori in Padua
* Palazzo di San Clemente, a residential palace in Florence
* San Clemente, Brescia, an ancient church located in central Brescia, near the Piazza del Foro, Italy
* Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria, an abbey in Castiglione a Casauria, in the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, central Italy
* Abbey of San Clemente al Volmano, in the province of Teramo, Abruzzo

### Peru

* San Clemente District, one of eight districts of the province Pisco

### Philippines

* San Clemente, Tarlac, a fifth class municipality in the province of Tarlac

### Spain

* San Clemente, Cuenca, a municipality in the province of Cuenca, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha
* Cuevas de San Clemente, a municipality in the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León
* San Clemente (Ibias), one of eleven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Ibias, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias
* San Clemente Dormitory, a public dormitory, depending on the University of Santiago de Compostela, located in the city of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
* San Clemente Reservoir, a reservoir in Huéscar, province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain

### United States

* San Clemente State Beach
* San Clemente Island, California
* San Clemente Island Air Force Station
* San Clemente Canyon, San Diego, California
* San Clemente Dam, Monterey County, California
* San Clemente station, Los Angeles, California

### Other uses

* San Clemente Handicap, an American horse race
* San Clemente loggerhead shrike, a bird subspecies endemic to San Clemente Island, California
* San Clemente High School (disambiguation), various high schools
# San Clemente District

San Clemente District is one of eight districts of the province Pisco in Peru.
# San Lorenzo de Quinti District

San Lorenzo de Quinti District is one of thirty-two districts of the province Huarochirí in Peru.

## Geography

The Paryaqaqa or Waruchiri mountain range is the north-eastern border of the district. One of the highest peaks of the district is Paryaqaqa at 5,750 metres (18,865 ft) above sea level. Other mountains are listed below:
| Chakraqucha Chumpi Ch'uspi Hatun Ukru Mankhan Nina Ukru Paqcha Parqu | Parya Chaka Paryaqaqa Qaqa Ranra Qayqu Qullqip'ukru Quriwasi Suyruqucha Suyuq | Turiyuq Uqsha Uqsha Wallqa Wallapi Wararayuq Waswa Punta Wiqu Yanaqucha |
# Podbrezovica

Podbrezovica is a village in Croatia.
# Polygon Wood Cemetery

Polygon Wood Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War. It is located in Belgium, in what was the Ypres Salient on the Western Front.

## History

Polygon Wood, near the village of Zonnebeke, was the location of a number of battles during the First World War, beginning in late 1914. It had been held by the Germans since April 1915 but was captured by the Australian 5th Division in the Battle of Polygon Wood, which took place in the period from September to October 1917. Abandoned during the German spring offensive in March–April 1918, the area was the scene of further fighting in September 1918 when it was seized by the 9th (Scottish) Division.

## Cemetery

The area was originally a German cemetery with over 340 burials. The British established the Polygon Wood Cemetery in August 1917 as a frontline cemetery until it was lost to the Germans in April 1918. It received further interments in September 1918, once it was back in British hands.
Designed by Charles Holden, the cemetery contains the remains of 108 soldiers: 57 from New Zealand, 32 British, and 19 unidentified soldiers. A sole German is also buried in the cemetery, the rest having been relocated. There are special memorials to seventeen British soldiers and thirteen New Zealanders who are known to be among those unnamed.
Surrounded by a wall, the cemetery is laid out in the shape of a polygon. The path from the road to the main part of the cemetery is bisected by a Cross of Sacrifice. Located on Lange Streve, along the north-east side of Polygon Wood, the Buttes New British Cemetery is nearby, in the wood itself. The entrance to that cemetery is directly across the road from that of the Polygon Wood Cemetery.
# Podger spanner

A podger spanner, or podger, is a tool in the form of a short bar, usually tapered and often incorporating a wrench at one end.
Podgers are used for erecting scaffolding and steel scenery - The pointed end is used to align the bolt holes while the spanner end is used to tighten the nuts.

## Variations

Some podgers are fitted with reversible ratchet sockets for tightening/loosening nuts. Often they come with two sizes such as a 17 mm × 19 mm or a 19 mm × 24 mm and a 27 mm × 30 mm. Often a podger has a hole in the wrench shaft that is used to tether the wrench to the person for safety and securing the tool whilst working at heights.
# Podgaće

Podgaće (Italian: Pogacce) is a village in Lanišće municipality in Istria County, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 44.
# Bernardo Gomes

Bernardo Oneto Gomes (born 12 November 1993) is a water polo player from Brazil. He was part of the Brazilian team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals.
# PLD2

Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.

## Function

Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. Activation of PC-specific PLDs occurs as a consequence of agonist stimulation of both tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors. PC-specific PLDs have been proposed to function in regulated secretion, cytoskeletal reorganization, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control.[supplied by OMIM]

## Mechanism of activation

PLD2 is activated by substrate presentation. The enzyme is palmitoylated, which drives PLD2 to lipid rafts. PC substrate is polyunsaturated and resides in the membrane separately from lipid rafts near phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). When PIP2 levels increase, PLD2 trafficks to PIP2 where it encounters its substrate PC. Scaffolding proteins that interact with PLD2 likely changes its preference of lipid rafts vs PIP2.

## Interactions

PLD2 has been shown to interact with:
* ARF1,
* Aldolase A,
* Amphiphysin,
* BIN1,
* Caveolin 1,
* Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
* PLCG1,
* PRKCD,
* Src, and
* Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.

## Inhibitors

* N-(2-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide: 75-fold selective versus PLD1, IC$_{50}$ = 20 nM.
# C.S.D. Câmara de Lobos

Centro Social e Desportivo de Câmara de Lobos is a Portuguese sports club, best known for its association football section, founded in Câmara de Lobos in 1977.

## History

Founded on 28 September 1977, Câmara de Lobos' origins trace back to 1967, when a group of people had the willingness to create a football club.

## Honours

* AF Madeira Divisão de Honra: 2012–13, 2016–17, 2018–19
* AF Madeira Primeira Divisão: 1988–89
# Aubrey Otis Hampton

Aubrey Otis Hampton (September 10, 1900 in Copeville, Texas – July 17, 1955 in Weare, New Hampshire) was an American radiologist remembered for describing Hampton's hump and Hampton's line. He graduated from Baylor College of Medicine in 1925, undertook his internship in Dallas and worked at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1926. He became chief of radiology at Massachusetts General in 1941, serving as chief of radiology at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C. from 1942 to 1945. Hampton was said to be one of the most accurate radiologists in diagnosing during his era.
Hampton died in 1955, aged 54, and is buried in the Hillside Cemetery, in Weare, New Hampshire.

## Sources

* Wonders of Radiology p. 62-65
# Almost Royal

Almost Royal is a British-American faux-reality television comedy series on the BBC America network. It is their first original first-run comedy series. It follows the lives of two clueless British aristocrat siblings—Georgie and Poppy Carlton—visiting the United States for the first time. The series stars Ed Gamble and Amy Hoggart as Georgie and Poppy, respectively. It is produced by Burning Bright Productions and premiered on June 21, 2014. Although Georgie and Poppy are both portrayed by actors, the Americans with whom they interact are not aware of this. On December 4, 2014, the show was renewed for an eight-episode second season, which started airing on January 18, 2016.

## Plot

The series begins after Georgie and Poppy's father suffers a fatal accident. His dying wish was for his children to travel to the United States, a country he loved. Thus, Georgie and Poppy travel across the Atlantic, first to Los Angeles, then to Boston, and other well-known American cities. Georgie hopes to become more manly from learning about the United States, while Poppy hopes to procure a job that does not require very much work, such as acting. Georgie and Poppy often try out new things they deem "American" such as shooting guns, meeting a barista, making a Twitter account, and working at a car repair shop. Usually, Poppy takes the spotlight even in areas she is bad at, and Georgie compliments Poppy no matter her skill level. In the introduction to every episode their ranking in line to inherit the throne changes, always 50 or more places away.

## Episodes
### Season 1

| # | Title | Order for Throne | Order for Throne |
| 1 | Los Angeles | 50th | 51st |
| 2 | Boston | 83rd | 84th |
| 3 | Texas | 74th | 75th |
| 4 | New York | 78th | 79th |
| 5 | Detroit | 98th | 99th |
| 6 | Washington DC | 69th | 70th |
| 7 | Nashville | 50th | 51st |

### Season 2

| # | Title | Order for Throne | Order for Throne | Airdate |
| 1 | Beauty | 60th | 61st | 18 January 2016 |
| 2 | Great Outdoors | 68th | 69th | 18 January 2016 |
| 3 | Sports | 78th | 79th | 25 January 2016 |
| 4 | Romance | 80th | 81st | 25 January 2016 |
| 5 | Future | 58th | 59th | 1 February 2016 |
| 6 | Law and Order | 59th | 60th | 1 February 2016 |
| 7 | Work | 70th | 71st | 8 February 2016 |
| 8 | Holidays | 63rd | 64th | 8 February 2016 |

## Critical reception

According to review aggregator website Metacritic, Almost Royal has a score of 71%, indicating "generally favorable reviews". One favorable review was written by Brian Lowry for Variety, who praised the show for its "...mix of deft writing and [Amy and Ed]'s deadpan improvisational skills." On Rotten Tomatoes, Almost Royal's season 1 has an aggregate score of 75% based on 9 positive and 3 negative critic reviews. The website's consensus reads: "Almost Royal refreshingly lampoons both American and British cultures without abjection and benefits from Gamble and Hoggart's keen improvisational skills."

## International airings

Almost Royal began airing on E4 in the UK on August 9, 2014 and on The Comedy Channel in Australia on November 23, 2015.
# Steropoides

Steropoides is an ichnogenus of Prehistoric mammal footprint.
# 25C-NB4OMe

25C-NB4OMe (2C-C-NB4OMe, NB4OMe-2C-C) is a derivative of the phenethylamine hallucinogen 2C-C, which acts as a partial agonist for the human 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor.

## Legality
### United Kingdom

This substance is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the N-benzylphenethylamine catch-all clause in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
# Ozcopa

Ozcopa is a genus of spiders in the family Corinnidae. It was first described in 2015 by Raven. As of 2017, it contains 6 species, all from Queensland.

## Species

Ozcopa comprises the following species:
* Ozcopa chiunei Raven, 2015
* Ozcopa colloffi Raven, 2015
* Ozcopa margotandersenae Raven, 2015
* Ozcopa mcdonaldi Raven, 2015
* Ozcopa monteithi Raven, 2015
* Ozcopa zborowskii Raven, 2015
# Piazza Salimbeni, Siena

The Piazza Salimbeni is a prominent square in central Siena, Region of Tuscany, Italy. It is notable for still housing the offices of one of the first banking houses in Europe, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena. It is surrounded clockwise starting from north by the following palaces:
* Palazzo Tantucci
* Rocca or Palazzo Salimbeni
* Palazzo Spannocchi
The palace facades were harmonized to a neo-gothic-style during the nineteenth century by the architect Giuseppe Partini. In the center of the square is the statue of Sallustio Bandini, a Sienese priest and one of the first Italian economists, sculpted by Tito Sarrocchi (1882).
Piazza Salimbeni facades :
| Palazzo Tantucci | Palazzo Salimbeni | Palazzo Spannocchi |
# Aubrey Newman (historian)

Aubrey N. Newman (born 14 December 1927, London) is a British historian who has written widely on the topic of Anglo-Jewish history. Newman served as a professor at the University of Leicester, where he founded the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust Studies. He served two terms as President of the Jewish Historical Society of England.

## Publications

* (Editor) Migration and settlement : proceedings of the Anglo-American Jewish Historical Conference held in London jointly by the Jewish Historical Society of England and the American Jewish Historical Society, July 1970 (London: Jewish Historical Society of England, 1971)
* (Editor) Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain : papers for a conference at University College, London convened by the Jewish Historical Society of England (London: Jewish Historical Society of England, 1975)
* (Editor) The Jewish East End, 1840-1939 (London: Jewish Historical Society of England, 1981)
* The Holocaust. We Must Never Forget, Nor Allow It To Happen Again (London, 2002)
* (co-edited with Barbara Butler) A Sacred Memory. Lectures in Honour of Elchanan and Miriam Elkes (Leicester, 2003)
* (Co-Authored with N. J. Evans, S. Isroff & G Smith) Jewish migration to South Africa: the records of the Poor Jews' Temporary Shelter 1885-1914 (Cape Town: University of Cape Town, 2006)
* (Edited with Bernard Wasserstein and Kenneth Collins) Two Hundred Years of Scottish Jewry (Glasgow: Scottish Jewish Archives Centre, 2018)
# St Helen's Church, Wheldrake

St Helen's Church is the parish church in Wheldrake, a village in the rural south-eastern part of the City of York, in England.
The oldest part of the church is the tower, which dates from the 14th century, but was rebuilt in the 15th century, with larger stones. It is built of limestone, in two stages, and has small diagonal buttresses. The door and windows have pointed arches, and there is a vestry on the north side. By the late-18th century, the church was ruinous, and the nave was demolished and rebuilt in brick in 1779. It has round arched windows, and an apse, and is described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "handsome, rectangular [and] well-lit".
The church's font dates from the 13th century, while most of the other fittings date from an 1874 refurbishment, which gave the interior a Gothic appearance. The pulpit and altar furnishings were carved in 1910 by Robert Thompson. In the 1970s, Victorian stained glass windows were replaced with clear glass.
# Sandfontein, Namibia
## Sandfontein Nature Reserve

Sandfontein is a private property comprising 97,200 hectares in the ǁKaras Region of Namibia. The Battle of Sandfontein was fought at Sandfontein on 26 September 1914. The Battle of Norechab was fought in 1906. Today Sandfontein forms part of the wider Sandfontein nature reserve spanning more than 80,000 hectares and featuring some 25 kilometres of Orange River frontage.
Sandfontein is home to more than 4,000 animals including the leopard, cheetah, kudu, eland, zebra, giraffe, red hartebeest, springbok, ostrich, jackal, aardvark, caracal, and baboon.
* Battle of Sandfontein Grave Site

## Amethyst Mine

Pale to dark amethyst quartz was mined sporadically on Girtis farm prior to the major finds of the late 1990s.
# Polyvalente W.-A. Losier

Polyvalente W.-A. Losier is a francophone high school located in Tracadie-Sheila, New Brunswick, Canada.
# Şevketiye

Şevketiye can refer to:
* Şevketiye, Aydın
* Şevketiye, Kestel
* Şevketiye, Lapseki
# Polythlipta

Polythlipta is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Polythlipta albicaudalis Snellen, 1880
* Polythlipta annulifera Walker, 1866
* Polythlipta camptozona Hampson, 1910
* Polythlipta cerealis Lederer, 1863
* Polythlipta conjunctalis Caradja, 1925
* Polythlipta distinguenda Grünberg, 1910
* Polythlipta distorta Moore, 1888
* Polythlipta divaricata Moore, 1885
* Polythlipta euroalis Swinhoe, 1889
* Polythlipta guttiferalis Hampson, 1909
* Polythlipta inconspicua Moore, 1888
* Polythlipta liquidalis Leech, 1889
* Polythlipta macralis Lederer, 1863
* Polythlipta maculalis South in Leech & South, 1901
* Polythlipta nodiferalis Walker, 1866
* Polythlipta ossealis Lederer, 1863
* Polythlipta peragrata Moore, 1888
* Polythlipta rivulalis Snellen, 1890
* Polythlipta vagalis Walker, 1866
# Pollenia enetera

Pollenia enetera is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

## Distribution

New Zealand.
# Pollenia flindersi

Pollenia flindersi is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

## Distribution

Australia.
# Łaznów

Łaznów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokiciny, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 29 km (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Ścinawa (disambiguation)

Ścinawa may refer to:
* Ścinawa, a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
* Ścinawa, Oława County, a village in Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
* Ścinawa Mała, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korfantów, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
* Ścinawa Nyska, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korfantów, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
* Ścinawa Polska, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oława, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
* Scinawa Commune, an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland
# Šolc

Šolc may refer to:
* Antonín Šolc (1928–1996), Czech footballer
* František Šolc (1920–1996), Czech French horn player
* Josip Šolc or Josip Scholz (1898–1945), Croatian footballer and member of the Croatian Home Guard
* Ivan Šolc [cz], Czech physicist and inventor, the namesake of asteroid 3490 Šolc
# Łebcz railway station

Łebcz is a no longer operational PKP railway station in Łebcz (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Swarzewo | Krokowa | Closed |
# Ψ-DOM

ψ-DOM, or 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, is a hallucinogenic, psychedelic drug and a structural isomer of the better-known hallucinogen DOM. ψ-DOM was first reported by Alexander Shulgin in his book PiHKAL.
ψ-DOM has similar effects to DOM, but is only around one third to one half the potency, with an active dose reported to be between 15 and 25 milligrams. The effects of ψ-DOM last for around six to eight hours.
The activity of ψ-DOM (and ψ-2C-T-4) demonstrates that the two methoxy groups on the psychedelic phenethylamines are not strictly limited to the 2,5-positions on the phenyl ring. Indeed, any of the 2Cx or DOx series of drugs could alternatively be made as the 2,6-isomer and would still be expected to show similar activity, although slightly less potent. In theory this would vastly expand the range of different hallucinogens that could be derived from this family of drugs. The 2,6-isomer of another similar drug 2C-D-FLY (see 2C-B-FLY) has also been made by David E. Nichols and found to be active, this might by extension be referred to as ψ-2C-D-FLY.
# Əhmədli, Shamkir

Əhmədli (Ahmedli) is a village and the least populous municipality in the Shamkir District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 92.
# Popești, Iași

Popești is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Doroșcani, Hărpășești, Obrijeni, Pădureni, Popești and Vama.
# Ōtōsan Prefectural Natural Park

Ōtōsan Prefectural Natural Park (大塔山県立自然公園, Ōtōsan kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Established in 2020, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Kozagawa, Shingū, and Tanabe. The park's central feature is the eponymous Mount Ōtō (大塔山).
# Ōtō, Wakayama

Ōtō (大塔村, Ōtō-mura) was a village located in Nishimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 3,280 and a density of 14.97 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 219.06 km$^2$.
On May 1, 2005 Ōtō, along with the village of Ryūjin (from Hidaka District), the town of Nakahechi (also from Nishimuro District), and the town of Hongū (from Higashimuro District), was merged into the expanded city of Tanabe.
Ōtō is made up of 3 smaller areas (hamlets/localities) within the village boundary. The areas are called Ayukawa, Tomisato and Mikawa.
* This Wakayama location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ponderomotive energy

In strong-field laser physics, ponderomotive energy is the cycle-averaged quiver energy of a free electron in an electromagnetic field.

## Equation

The ponderomotive energy is given by
    $U_{p}={e^{2}E^{2} \over 4m\omega _{0}^{2}}$,
where $e$ is the electron charge, $E$ is the linearly polarised electric field amplitude, $\omega _{0}$ is the laser carrier frequency and $m$ is the electron mass.
In terms of the laser intensity $I$, using $I=c\epsilon _{0}E^{2}/2$, it reads less simply:
    $U_{p}={e^{2}I \over 2c\epsilon _{0}m\omega _{0}^{2}}={2e^{2} \over c\epsilon _{0}m}\cdot {I \over 4\omega _{0}^{2}}$,
where $\epsilon _{0}$ is the vacuum permittivity.
For typical orders of magnitudes involved in laser physics, this becomes:
    $U_{p}(\mathrm {eV} )=9.33\cdot I(10^{14}\ \mathrm {W/cm} ^{2})\cdot \lambda ^{2}(\mathrm {\mu m} ^{2})$,
where the laser wavelength is $\lambda =2\pi c/\omega _{0}$, and $c$ is the speed of light. The units are electronvolts (eV), watts (W), centimeters (cm) and micrometers (μm).

### Atomic units

In atomic units, $e=m=1$, $\epsilon _{0}=1/4\pi$, $\alpha c=1$ where $\alpha \approx 1/137$. If one uses the atomic unit of electric field, then the ponderomotive energy is just
    $U_{p}={\frac {E^{2}}{4\omega _{0}^{2}}}.$

## Derivation

The formula for the ponderomotive energy can be easily derived. A free particle of charge $q$ interacts with an electric field $E\,\cos(\omega t)$. The force on the charged particle is
    $F=qE\,\cos(\omega t)$.
The acceleration of the particle is
    $a_{m}={F \over m}={qE \over m}\cos(\omega t)$.
Because the electron executes harmonic motion, the particle's position is
    $x={-a \over \omega ^{2}}=-{\frac {qE}{m\omega ^{2}}}\,\cos(\omega t)=-{\frac {q}{m\omega ^{2}}}{\sqrt {\frac {2I_{0}}{c\epsilon _{0}}}}\,\cos(\omega t)$.
For a particle experiencing harmonic motion, the time-averaged energy is
    $U=\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}m\omega ^{2}\langle x^{2}\rangle ={q^{2}E^{2} \over 4m\omega ^{2}}$.
In laser physics, this is called the ponderomotive energy $U_{p}$.