OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vascular ring

A vascular ring is a congenital defect in which there is an abnormal formation of the aorta and/or its surrounding blood vessels. The trachea and esophagus are completely encircled and sometimes compressed by a "ring" formed by these vessels, which can lead to breathing and digestive difficulties.
Most often this is because of persistence of the double aortic arch after the second month of fetal life.

## Presentation

The two arches surround the esophagus and trachea which, if sufficiently constrictive, may cause breathing or swallowing difficulties despite medical therapies.
A less common ring is present with a right aortic arch instead of the usual left-sided aortic arch. This compresses the esophagus and trachea because of the persistence of a ductal ligament (from fetal circulation) that may connect between the aorta on the front and the left subclavian artery posteriorly going to the left arm.

## Diagnosis

Infants with vascular rings typically present before 12 months with respiratory or esophageal symptoms like stridor, wheezing, cough, dysphagia, or difficulty feeding. The stridor improves with neck extension, differentiating from laryngomalacia which is relieved by prone or upright positioning, and will not be relieved with corticosteroids or epinephrine, unlike croup. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and can be confirmed with barium contrast esophagogram for those with esophageal symptoms, bronchoscopy, or CT or MRI.

## Treatment

It is sometimes treated with surgery.
# Sins of Madeleine

Sins of Madeleine (French: Dupont Barbès) is a 1951 French drama film directed by Henri Lepage and starring Madeleine Lebeau, Henri Vilbert and Yves Furet. It was shot at the Epinay Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin.

## Cast

* Madeleine Lebeau as Malou
* Henri Vilbert as Monsieur Archibald
* Yves Furet as Bobby
* Pierre-Louis as Henri
* Jean Sylvain as Emile le serveur
* Jane Marken as Mme Antonine
* Lysiane Rey as La petite garce
* Corinne Aix
* Robert Balpo
* Yvonne Dany
* Gérard Darrieu
* Robert Dock
* Michel Garland
* Claude Larue
* Christian Lude
* Mag-Avril
* Michel Nastorg
* Robert Noël
* Jacqueline Noëlle
* Philippe Olive
* Maryse Paillet
# Shakhtar Stadium

Shakhtar Stadium may refer to:
* Shakhtar Stadium (Donetsk), a multi-purpose stadium in Donetsk, Ukraine
* Shakhtar Stadium (Oleksandriya), a former name for CSC Nika Stadium in the city of Oleksandria, Ukraine
* Shakhtar Stadium (Horlivka), a multi-purpose stadium in Horlivka, Ukraine
# The Avenger (1933 film)

The Avenger is a 1933 American drama film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Ralph Forbes, Adrienne Ames and Arthur Vinton.

## Plot

A former district attorney seeks vengeance against the gang who framed him leading to his disgrace.

## Cast

* Ralph Forbes as Norman Craig
* Adrienne Ames as Ruth Knowles
* Arthur Vinton as James Gordon
* Claude Gillingwater as Witt
* Charlotte Merriam as Sally
* J. Carrol Naish as Hanley
* Berton Churchill as Forster
* Murray Kinnell as Cormack
* Thomas E. Jackson as McCall
* Paul Fix as Vickers
* Leonard Carey as Talbot
* James Donlan as Durant
* Boothe Howard as Ames
# SGM

SGM, or sgm, may refer to:

## Science

* Second Generation Multiplex DNA profiling system - also see SGM+
* Scanning gate microscopy
* Spherical Grating Monochromator beamline of Canadian Light Source
* Semi-global matching algorithm in stereo imaging
* 16S rRNA (guanine1405-N7)-methyltransferase, an enzyme
* Sexual and Gender Minorities

## Organisations

* SAIC-GM, joint venture between SAIC and General Motors
* Scripture Gift Mission, London, UK
* Servicio Geológico Mexicano, the Mexican Geological Survey
* Sims Group Limited S&P/ASX 200 code
* Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, the Mexican Geological Society
* Sociedade Gestora de Fundos de Pensões Mundial, S.A., a subsidiary of Banco Internacional do Funchal
* Sovereign Grace Ministries, later Sovereign Grace Churches
* Swiss Meteorological Society (Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie)

## Places

* Singkawang Grand Mall, Indonesia
* 1 SGM, a "census town" in India
* South Glamorgan, preserved county in Wales, Chapman code

## Transport

* Schweizer SGM 1-19, a motorized glider
* Schweizer SGM 2-37, a motorized glider
* SGM, the National Rail code for St Germans railway station, Cornwall, UK
* SGM, the IATA code for San Ignacio Airfield, Baja California Sur, Mexico
* Stadsgewestelijk Materieel, a Dutch train

## Other uses

* Improved Soviet SG-43 Goryunov machine gun
* Science Guard Members, in the Japanese Mirrorman (TV series)
* Sea Gallantry Medal, UK
* Sergeant Major, US military rank
* SGM, another name for the GSM blend of Australian wine
* sgm, the ISO 639-3 code for the extinct Singa language,
* Sleepytime Gorilla Museum, a band in Oakland, CA, US
* Standard Gross Margin of a farm
# Broken Sun

Broken Sun is a 2008 Australian film set in 1944 about a World War II veteran who meets an escaped Japanese POW. The story is partly based on the Cowra breakout of 1944. The film was the debut feature from Brad Haynes.

## Reception

Reviewing the film for The Sydney Morning Herald, critic Sandra Hall, while admiring the efforts of first-time director Brad Haynes, concluded that it "suffers at times under the weight of its anti-war theme".
# Vantage loaf

A vantage loaf or vantage of bread is the thirteenth loaf of a baker's dozen, a loaf of bread which is to the buyer's advantage, being in addition to the number ordered.
The 13th-century English law governing trade in bread and ale, known as the Assize of Bread and Ale, imposed severe punishment for short measure. This could be a fine, destruction of the baker's oven, or even the pillory. To protect themselves, bakers would add a small piece of bread to each order, called the "in-bread", to ensure they could not be accused of short measure. For large orders of 12 loaves, this would be a whole extra loaf.
In years of good harvest, a baker could be making more bread than could be sold from the shop. Extra bread was then sold on to middlemen or "hucksters", who would resell it in the streets. Since the price of bread was fixed by law (again by the Assize of Bread and Ale), this was advantageous for both parties: the baker would manage to sell the surplus bread to the huckster, and the huckster would in turn make a profit by selling the vantage loaf, the 13th loaf gotten free.

## Origin

The term appears in Randle Cotgrave's A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues (1611), translated from the old French "trezain":
   Trezain: m. A thirteenth; whence; Le trezain du pain. Vantage of bread; the thirteenth loafe given by Bakers unto the dozen.
# Sitgreaves

Sitgreaves is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Beverley Sitgreaves (1867–1943), American actress
* John Sitgreaves (1757–1802), American politician and judge
* Lorenzo Sitgreaves, the leader of the Sitgreaves Expedition and namesake of Sitgreaves Pass
* Rosedith Sitgreaves (1915–1992), American statistician
* Samuel Sitgreaves (1764–1827), US Representative from Pennsylvania
# Zero dynamics

In mathematics, zero dynamics is known as the concept of evaluating the effect of zero on systems.

## History

The idea was introduced thirty years ago as the nonlinear approach to the concept of transmission of zeros. The original purpose of introducing the concept was to develop an asymptotic stabilization with a set of guaranteed regions of attraction (semi-global stabilizability), to make the overall system stable.

## Initial working

Given the internal dynamics of any system, zero dynamics refers to the control action chosen in which the output variables of the system are kept identically zero. While, various systems have an equally distinctive set of zeros, such as decoupling zeros, invariant zeros, and transmission zeros. Thus, the reason for developing this concept was to control the non-minimum phase and nonlinear systems effectively.

## Applications

The concept is widely utilized in SISO mechanical systems, whereby applying a few heuristic approaches, zeros can be identified for various linear systems. Zero dynamics adds an essential feature to the overall system’s analysis and the design of the controllers. Mainly its behavior plays a significant role in measuring the performance limitations of specific feedback systems. In a Single Input Single Output system, the zero dynamics can be identified by using junction structure patterns. In other words, using concepts like bond graph models can help to point out the potential direction of the SISO systems.
Apart from its application in nonlinear standardized systems, similar controlled results can be obtained by using zero dynamics on nonlinear discrete-time systems. In this scenario, the application of zero dynamics can be an interesting tool to measure the performance of nonlinear digital design systems (nonlinear discrete-time systems).
Before the advent of zero dynamics, the problem of acquiring non-interacting control systems by using internal stability was not specifically discussed. However, with the asymptotic stability present within the zero dynamics of a system, static feedback can be ensured. Such results make zero dynamics an interesting tool to guarantee the internal stability of non-interacting control systems.
# Richard W. Strong

Richard W. Strong (February 26, 1946 – January 27, 2008) was an American education expert, former teacher and author. He co-founded the Institute for Community and Difference. Strong consulted the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and dozens of school district across the United States, as well as teacher and professional organizations and state education agencies. A recognized leader in the movement for authentic assessment, Strong was a former district-level coordinator for gifted and talented education and a prolific writer on many topics in education.
Strong was awarded the "New York State Educator of the Year" award in 2007 by the New York Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
# 2018 European Pairs Speedway Championship

The 2018 European Pairs Speedway Championship was the 15th edition of the European Pairs Speedway Championship. The final was held at the Brovst Speedway Center in Brovst, Denmark on 1 September.
The title was won by Poland for the seventh time.

## Final

| Position | team | Riders | Points |
| 1 | Poland | Grzegorz Zengota (16), Jakub Jamróg (5), Tobiasz Musielak (3) | 24 |
| 2 | Denmark | Anders Thomsen (13), Michael Jepsen Jensen (8), Thomas Jørgensen (1) | 22 |
| 3 | Italy | Nicolás Covatti (16), Michele Paco Castagna (5) | 21 |
| 4 | Sweden | Oliver Berntzon (13), Linus Sundström (7) | 20 |
| 5 | Russia | Viktor Kulakov (10), Sergey Logachev (6) | 16 |
| 6 | Germany | Ronny Weis (10), Valentin Grobauer (0) | 10 |
| 7 | Latvia | Rudolfs Sprogis (7), Ričards Ansviesulis (2) | 9 |
# The Band Perry (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Roughstock | |
The Band Perry EP is a 5-song extended play released from country music group The Band Perry. The extended play is the group's first release on Republic Nashville. It was released on April 6, 2010, and debuted at No. 46 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart the following week as well as No. 37 on the Top Heatseekers chart. It features their debut single, "Hip to My Heart", which was a Top 20 hit on the Hot Country Songs charts. Also included is "If I Die Young", which was released as their second single. It has also become their first entry on the Billboard Hot 100.
All songs from the EP later appeared on the band's self-titled debut album.

## Critical reception

Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the extended play a rating of 4 out of 5, stating that "Hip to My Heart" was infectious, however the rest of the album doesn't feel like anything "hip". He also said while not every song is going to hit, their talent is there to raise even the ‘lowest’ song up to something interesting and worthy of listening to.

## Chart performance

The Band Perry — EP debuted at No. 46 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart and No. 37 on the Top Heatseekers chart following its release in April 2010. As of September 2010, it has peaked at No. 32 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart and #4 on the U.S. Billboard Top Heatseekers chart.
| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 32 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Heatseekers | 4 |
# SGNL

SGNL is a tech and gadget-centric web television show produced by Revision3 and sponsored by Sony Electronics. The show is in its third season, and is hosted by Anthony Carboni and Samia Khan. In addition to featuring the latest Sony gadgets, SGNL also highlights other Sony related content including music, movies, gaming, and entertainment. The show is available to watch online at Revision3's website, Sony.com/SGNL, and YouTube.com/SGNL. The SGNL app is built into many Sony products, including Blu-ray players and smart TVs, and an app is also available for download on both iPhone and Android devices.
# Surmo

Surmo Valley (Urduوادی سرمو) is a valley in the Ghangche District in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. Etymologically, the name is derived from sermo: ser means gold and mo feminises the word.

## Location

Surmo is approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the district administrative capital of Khaplu. Its neighborhoods are Choghogrong, Tarkari, Khar, Gond, Langkhung, Tishari, and Ghazi-Thang. It is adjacent to the Shiok River.

## History

Surmo is one of the oldest valleys in Baltistan and contains 150-year-old walnut trees. In 1996, stupas were found here. Local people call this place Rgyalmo Khar (a queen's palace) as it had been a rich village.
# Brighton Road

Brighton Road may refer to:
* A23 road, England
* Brighton Road, Adelaide
* Brighton Road railway station, England
# Park Hong-kyun

Park Hong-kyun is a South Korean director currently under YG Studioplex. He made his debut in 2002 on Bestseller Theater - Sinchoneseo Yuteonhada (신촌에서 유턴하다).

## List of work

| Year | Title |
| 2003 | Argon |
| 2004 | Age of Heroes |
| 2006 | So In Love |
| 2007 | New Heart |
| 2009 | Queen Seondeok |
| 2011 | The Greatest Love |
| 2015 | Warm and Cozy |
| 2017 | A Korean Odyssey |
| 2024 | Red Swan |
# Vantanea magdalenensis

Vantanea magdalenensis is a species of plant in the Humiriaceae family. It is endemic to Colombia.
# Shankai Classic

The Shankai Classic, known for sponsorship reasons as the Shankai Classic presented by IDG, was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour. It was first played in October 2014 at Chongqing Poly Golf Club in Chongqing, China.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Ref. |
| 2014 | Johan Edfors | 201 | −15 | 3 strokes | Mike Lorenzo-Vera | |
# The Case of Unfaithful Klara

Případ nevěrné Kláry ("The Case of Unfaithful Klara") is a Czech novel, written by Michal Viewegh. It was first published in 2003.
The book was made into a film of the same name in 2009.
# SL-19

SL-19 may refer to:
* Strela, a Russian launch vehicle used from 2003-present
* Rokot, a Russian launch vehicle used from 1990-present
# Susuda

Susada appears as the first king of the second dynasty of Kish in some versions of the Sumerian King List. According to that literary composition, Susada ruled for 201 years. The kings on the early part of the SKL are usually not considered historical, except when they are mentioned in contemporary documents. Susada is not one of them.
# Broadway to Cheyenne

Broadway to Cheyenne is a 1932 American pre-Code Western film directed by Harry L. Fraser. The film is also known as From Broadway to Cheyenne (American poster title). The film successfully combines the Western with the gangster film and vigilante film.

## Plot

A young and honest New York Police Department detective "Breezy" Kildare is attempting to arrest B.H. "Butch" Owens, the leader of a gang of criminals who attempted to bribe him. He is wounded in a shootout between Owens' gang and another gang in a Broadway night club.
His police chief allows him to recuperate and cool down in his thirst for justice back in his home of Wyoming where his father is a cattleman. Once arriving back home he soon discovers the gangsters who attempted to bribe and kill him are lying low there and diversifying by starting a Cattleman's Benevolent Association that is actually a protection racket protecting the cattlemen from such perils as having their cattle machine gunned.
When his father is shot in a drive-by shooting, Breezy leads the cattlemen against the well-armed gangsters who no longer have the power of a bribed administration or high-powered legal protection, but now have to face six-gun justice and lynch law.

## Cast

* Rex Bell as "Breezy" Kildare
* Marceline Day as Ruth Carter
* Matthew Betz as Joe Carter
* Robert Ellis as B.H. "Butch" Owens
* George 'Gabby' Hayes as Walrus
* Huntley Gordon as New York City Dist. Atty. Brent
* Roy D'Arcy as Jess Harvey
* Gwen Lee as Mrs. Myrna Wallace
* Harry Semels as Louie Walsh
* Al Bridge as Al (Owens henchman)
* John Elliott as Martin Kildare
* Gordon De Main as Rancher
* Earl Dwire as Cattleman
# Parthenodes nigriplaga

Parthenodes nigriplaga is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1894. It is found in Meghalaya, India.
# Shuvalov Painter

The Shuvalov Painter was an Attic vase painter of the red-figure style, active between 440 and 410 BC, i.e. in the High Classical period (Parthenon period) in Magna Graecia.
The Shuvalov painter's conventional name was allocated by John Beazley, who chose for a name vase an amphora that is now at the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. It had been acquired in the eighteenth century by the collector Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov.
Most of some eighty works ascribed to the Shuvalov Painter were discovered in Italy, mainly in Campania and Lucania. He mainly painted smaller vessels. The Shuvalov Painter is considered the successor of the Mannheim Painter at the same workshop. He appears to have worked in the same workshop as Aison, the painter of the Alexander Group and the Eretria Painter. His paintings depict lively small figures, often with intense gazes. His works, whether depicting mythological scenes or themes from everyday life, are counted among the best of their time. John Boardman argues that his paintings have a tendency to be somewhat shallow and facile.
An oinochoe by the Shuvalov Painter on display in Berlin is one of the most famous erotic works of ancient Greek vase painting.
# The Christmas Party (play)

The Christmas Party (Danish: Julestuen) is a one-set, comic play by Norwegian-Danish playwright Ludvig Holberg. It premiered at Lille Grønnegade Theatre in Copenhagen in 1724.

## Plot summary

Jeronimus, a grumpy, old man, refuses to host a Christmas party in his house since he finds the tradition tasteless and inappropriate. His sister unsuccessfully tries to persuade him but he is finally won over by s mastershoemaker's arguments about the "foundation of the law of nature".

## English translations

* Holberg, Ludvig (1950). Seven One-act Plays. Translated by Alexander, Henry. Princeton University Press for the American-Scandinavian Foundation. OCLC 1612009.
* —— (1990). Jeppe of the Hill and Other Comedies. Translated by Argetsinger, Gerald S.; Rossel, Sven Hakon. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-1480-5. OCLC 1156867790.
# SH850

SH850 or variation may refer to:
* Norgestrel, a medication used in birth control pills
* List of highways numbered 850, state highways numbered 850
# Susan McKay

Susan McKay (born 1957) is an Irish writer, journalist and documentary filmmaker.

## Biography

Born in Derry, in Northern Ireland, McKay moved to Dublin in 1975 to study at Trinity College, Dublin (TCD). In 1981, she moved to Belfast to write her PhD at The Queen's University of Belfast but instead became one of the founding members of the Belfast Rape Crisis Centre. Thereafter, she worked on a number of community development projects before becoming a full-time journalist in 1989.
McKay was social affairs correspondent, and later Northern Ireland editor, for the Sunday Tribune. during which she won a number of awards, including Print Journalist of the Year in 2000 and Feature Writer of the Year
In 1998, she published her first book, Sophia's Story the biography of a survivor of child abuse Other books include Northern Protestants – An Unsettled People, McKay has described as "a study of the people I uneasily call my own." and Bear in Mind These Dead a history of the Troubles from the perspective of those who were bereaved.
From 2009 to 2012, McKay was CEO of the National Women's Council of Ireland, but resigned in protest at a cut by the government of 40% of the organisation's funds.
She has produced award-winning documentaries for radio and television, including The Daughter's Story, about the daughters of Fran O'Toole, one of the victims of the Miami Showband Massacre in 1975, and Inez, A Challenging Woman about Northern Irish trade union leader and human rights activist Inez McCormack.
She currently writes for The Guardian/The Observer, The New York Times, The Irish Times and the London Review of Books.
She was awarded with an Honorary Doctor in Letters at Trinity College, Dublin on December 1, 2023. The citation stated: "Susan McKay is a powerful writer and journalist with a distinctive voice of her own, as is evident to anyone who reads her features in The Irish Times, The Guardian, or the London Review of Books, The New Yorker, or the New York Times - but just as striking is her ability to listen. Her recent appointment as Irish Press Ombudsman is a testament to her exceptional integrity".

## Books

* Northern Protestants: On Shifting Ground (Blackstaff Press Ltd, 2021) ISBN 978-1780732640
* From Belfast to Basra, and Back Again (Grosvenor House Publishing, 2013) ISBN 978-1781486528
* Bear in Mind These Dead (Faber & Faber, 2008) ISBN 978-0571236961
* Without Fear – 25 Years of the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre (New Island Books, 2005) ISBN 978-1904301875
* Northern Protestants – An Unsettled People (Blackstaff Press Ltd, 2000) ISBN 978-0856406669
* Sophia's Story (Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 1998) ISBN 978-0717137923
# Perryville Tree engravings

The Perryville Tree Engravings are carvings and engravings on more than 100 trees located in Perryville Community Park in Perryville, Maryland. The trees were carved by former patients of the nearby Perry Point Veteran's Medical Center, which was a psychiatric hospital. The trees sit on land formerly owned by the hospital which is now part of Perryville Community Park.

## Engravings

Several of the trees contain engravings that were made by mentally ill American military veterans. Many of the trees contain the engraving "Nelson Jochnou", possibly the name of one of the engravers. The engravings contain religious rhetoric, political statements, personal memoirs, and outbursts. Sometimes the carvings are a combination of political and religious statements. For example, one tree is engraved with "Christ said to police there was no Second World War." Other engravings include:
* "Nelson Jochnou 1958"
* "King of Kings and Lord of Lords"
* "All authority is given unto He in Heaven and Earth"
* "Battle of Armageddon"
* "Infantry"
* "Armory"
* "Nixon"
* "Help"
* "Murder"
* "Police"
* "1920"
* "1911"
* "Monks didnt Want to Murder Taylor Holly"
* "Eddie Kenny did not want to murder George Norris but St. Ignatius made him"