OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Three Counties

Three Counties may refer to:

## England

* Three Counties (Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire) The three English agrarian counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire are often grouped as the three counties.
* Three Counties (Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire) The three English home counties of Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire are also referred together as the Three Counties by locals
** BBC Three Counties Radio, serving Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire shares this name as a result.
* Three Counties System, a set of caves spanning Cumbria, Lancashire, and North Yorkshire
* Three Counties Asylum, a former psychiatric hospital serving Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Huntingdonshire
** Three Counties railway station (disused), named after the asylum

## China

* The Sanyi, Three Counties, or Nanpanshun, three former counties of Nanhai, Panyu, and Shunde surrounding Guangzhou and Foshan
# Threshold hypothesis

The threshold hypothesis is a hypothesis concerning second language acquisition set forth in a study by Cummins (1976), which stated that a minimum threshold in language proficiency must be passed before a second-language speaker can reap any benefits from language. It also states that, in order to gain proficiency in a second language, the learner must also have passed a certain and age appropriate level of competence in his or her first language.
# Tony Trew

Tony Trew (also known as Anthony Andrew Trew) (Cape Town, 6 July 1941) is a South African politician and discourse analyst. He was one of the editors of the seminal book Language and control (1979), which helped establish critical linguistics as an academic field.

## Early life

Trew was born in Cape Town to father, Antony Trew, naval officer and author and mother Nora Houthakker. He has two brothers, Peter Trew a British politician and Robert Trew, an architect.

## Career

He obtained a BA in Political Theory from the University of Witwatersrand in 1962. His overt political compromise against apartheid led to his being imprisoned from 1964 to 1965 for collaboration with noted activist Edward Joseph Daniels; at his release he left the country for the United Kingdom, where he continued his studies at the University of Oxford. In 1970 he was appointed a lecturer at the University of East Anglia, where he taught logic, history of science and discourse analysis. He left the university in 1980 to hold a post as Director of Research at the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, where he would remain until 1991; in this position he coordinated research on South Africa, as well as monitoring tasks in collaboration with political dissenters and NGOs. Trew was involved, as representative of the ANC in exile, in talks with concerned white South African's who travelled overseas to talk with the ANC during the mid-eighties until 1990 when the organisation was unbanned. He was part of the ANC representatives that met IDASA at the Dakar Conference in July 1987. Michael Young of Consolidated Goldfields would organise seven meetings known as the Mells Park Initiative between Willie Esterhuyse and his team of politically connected Afrikaners and the ANC's led by Thabo Mbeki of which Trew attended all.
He returned to South Africa in 1991 to work as senior researcher for the African National Congress, and in 1993 he was selected as research coordinator for the Elections Commission of the ANC. A year later he was transferred to the Office of the President as Director of Communications Research, a post he held until 1999. From 2002 he is Deputy CEO at the office of Strategy and Content Management.

## Media

He was portrayed by Trevor Sellers in the BBC film Endgame.

## Honours

In April 2019, he was awarded the Order of Luthuli by the South African government for "his contribution to the attainment of democracy and to the reconstruction of a post-apartheid society".
# Tillandsia loxichaensis

Tillandsia loxichaensis is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.
# Tornioli

Tornioli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Evangelista Tornioli (1570–1630), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Niccolò Tornioli, Italian painter
# Tilki, Kalecik

Tilki is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 33 (2022).
# Tore

Tore may refer to:

## Places

* Tõre, Estonia, a village
* Tore, Scotland, a village
* Töre, Sweden, a locality
* Töre River, Sweden
* Tore (volcano), Papua New Guinea

## People

* Tore (given name), a Scandinavian given name
* Elihan Tore (1885–1976), President of the Second East Turkistan Republic
* Gökhan Töre (born 1992), Turkish footballer

## Other uses

* Tore Station, a railway station in Latvia
* Tore (TV series), a 2023 Swedish Netflix series
# Tower Bridge railway station

Tower Bridge railway station was on the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway in County Cork, Ireland. It served the village of Tower until its closure in 1934.

## History

The station opened on 8 August 1887. With the closure of the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway, passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1934. The nearby Tower Bridge, which was altered to accommodate the railway line, is a protected structure.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Coachford Junction | Cork and Muskerry Light Railway Coachford Junction-Blarney | St. Anne's |
# Torleiv Bolstad

Torleiv Bolstad (25 October 1915 – 10 February 1979) was a Norwegian musician and Hardanger fiddle player. He won the Norwegian Landskappleiken (National Fiddle Contest) four times, in 1947, 1957, 1970 and 1971.

## Biography

Bolstad was born in Øystre Slidre, Oppland county, Norway in 1915, and grew up in the village, where he learnt traditional Norwegian music from Ola Okshovd and Engebret Beitohaugen. He learnt many traditional tunes during his childhood and got his first fiddle at the age of ten.
He moved to Oslo in 1947 where he worked with Kjetil Løndal, and the two were regarded as the best concert fiddlers at the time. Bolstad was known for his clean style and good stroke, maintaining a good dance rhythm, and was conscious of the quality of the dancing and the dialogue between dancer and musician. He lived in Oslo until 1960 and worked there as a painter.
He moved back to Valdres in the early sixties and made a major contribution to the revival of local folk music tradition there. In 1966 he was engaged as a folk music instructor and a number of fiddling groups were established in the area. Among his pupils were his great-nephew and renowned fiddler Tore Bolstad, as well as Harald Røine, Olav Jørgen Hegge and Trygve Bolstad, who names Torleiv Bolstad as one of his most important teachers.
Bolstad gave concerts in many countries in Scandinavia and Europe and was presented the Cultural Prize of Valdres in 1969 for his internationally significant cultural contributions. In 1970 he won first awards on the Hardanger fiddle in all national competitions in Norway.
In 1971, Bolstad performed in Decorah, Iowa, United States at the Norwegian-American Folk Music Festival, which was part of the Decorah Nordic Fest (July 23–25), with a group of dancers which included his wife Kjellaug. He also gave instruction to experienced players of the Hardanger or regular violin at the same event. He then went on to play at the Folklore Village Summer Festival in Dodgevill on 3 August, a Norwegian Midsummer Celebration in Wakefield on 4 August, and in Story City on 5 August.
After Torleiv Bolstad's death in 1979, the folk music work that Torleiv had established in Valdres in the 1960s and 1970s was carried on by Trygve Bolstad, who moved back to Valdres to take over the role.
The Torleiv Bolstad Memorial Fund was established to provide grants to young folk musicians. These are awarded at the annual Jørn Hilme-stemnet folk festival. Winners have included Gudrun Helene Lunde in 2003 and Hallgrim Hansegård in 2005.

## Works

Bolstad's only commercial recording was Feletona Oppunde Bitihødn which contains the following tracks:
* Springar Etter Jøger Sagahaugen
* Sjåheimen
* Gjartrud På Haukeland
* Springaren Av Nils Beitohaugen
* Thpmasklukkudn På Filefjell
* Trumpen Hass Trond
* Bjøllelåtten
* Lydarlått
* Svein I Sy'Garde'
* I Kvelds-Setun
* Springar Etter Reishagen
* Låtten Hass Nils På Tørto
* Hengslelåttane
* Fjellbekken
* Spor 15
# Torynesis magna

Torynesis magna, the large widow, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South Africa in the Eastern Cape from Lootsberg to Burgersdorp as far north as Barkly East and as far south as Uniondale.
The wingspan is 46–54 mm for males and 50–60 mm for females. Adults are on wing from February to March. There is one generation per year
The larvae feed on various Poaceae species, including Merxmuellera and Danthonia species.
# McBay

McBay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Henry Cecil McBay (1914–1995), American chemist and educator
* Shirley McBay (1935–2021), American mathematician and non-profit chief executive
# Bučići

Bučići is a village in the vicinity of Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its population was around 1,600 in 2007, 99% of whom were Croat, with the remainder belonging to unspecified ethnic groups. Most of the residents are Roman Catholic.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 437.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 434 | 99.3% |
| Serbs | 2 | 0.5% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.2% |
| Total | 437 | 100% |

## Notable people from Bučići

* Marijan Šunjić
* Frano Zubić
# Bombieri's theorem

Bombieri's theorem may refer to:
* Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem, a result in analytic number theory
* Schneider–Lang theorem for Bombieri's theorem on transcendental numbers
# Tom Turnure

Thomas William Turnure (born July 9, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). In college, Turnure played for the University of Washington and was named to the 1979 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team. Professionally, Turnure played for the Detroit Lions (1980–1983, 1985–1986) for six seasons.
# Aydın Gün

Aydın Gün; (1917, Adana - November 30, 2007, Berlin), was a Turkish opera singer, stage director, founder and intendant of Istanbul Opera House. He was a pioneering figure in the Turkish opera scene and a founding member of the IKSV.
# Robert Henry Bragg Jr.

Robert Henry “Pete” Bragg Jr. (August 11, 1919 – October 2, 2017), was a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in the UC Berkeley College of Engineering.

## Education

Bragg attended Tilden Technical High School and Woodrow Wilson Junior College in Chicago. Bragg served in the military during World War II, and then used the money allotted to him from the G.I. Bill to attend Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), and pursue a career in physics. Bragg earned a BS degree in 1949 and an MS degree in 1951 and subsequently worked for the Dover Electroplating Company and at the Portland Cement Association Research Laboratory. He earned his PhD in physics from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1960, and worked for Palo Alto Research Laboratory for the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company from 1960 to 1969.

## Career

In 1969, the University of California at Berkeley hired him as a full professor, and he also became a principal investigator at the Materials and Molecular Division at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. His research was in the areas of X-ray crystallography, eutectic solidification, and the properties of carbon materials.
While at Berkeley, Bragg served on the policy advisory board of the Black Studies program and managed the Chancellor's Fellowship Program providing opportunities for minority faculty.
Bragg retired from the Berkeley faculty in 1987, after a career that included service as Department Chair from 1978 to 1981. At the time he was one of six black faculty members.
In retirement, Bragg was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to conduct research at the University of Ife in Nigeria in 1992, and developed an exhibit for the Museum of African American Technology in Oakland. In 1995, Bragg became a fellow of the National Society of Black Physicists.
He was not related to the British Bragg family of scientists.
# Morangis

Morangis may refer to the following communes in France:
* Morangis, Essonne
* Morangis, Marne
# Morgan's gerbil mouse

Morgan's gerbil mouse (Eligmodontia morgani), also known as the western Patagonian laucha, is a South American species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is named for J. P. Morgan, one of the sponsors of the expedition that first identified the species.

## Description

Morgan's gerbil mouse is a slender, mouse-like rodent with large ears and elongated hind feet. Adults measure from 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 in) in total length, including a tail about 8 cm (3.1 in) long, and weigh from 10 to 31 g (0.35 to 1.09 oz). Females are slightly larger than males. The fur is long and silky, and is a dull brownish-grey over the upper body, and pure white on the underside; a distinct line of yellowish fur runs along the animal's sides separating the brown from the white fur. The tail is hairy, and darker coloured above than below. Unlike most other species in the genus, the hind feet have a thick coat of fur on the soles.

## Distribution and habitat

Morgan's gerbil mouse is found in southern Argentina, from southern Mendoza Province and Neuquén and Río Negro provinces in the north to the Strait of Magellan in the south. They are also found in the Magallanes and Tierra del Fuego Provinces of Chile. Within this region they are most common in open sandy grasslands and steppe, at elevations between sea level and 1,280 m (4,200 ft). There are no recognised subspecies.

## Biology and behaviour

Morgan's gerbil mouse is primarily herbivorous, feeding on the seeds of shrubs such as Berberis, Acaena and Lycium, although they will also eat a small number of insects. They are nocturnal, and construct nests by cutting holes into the bases of tussocks of grass, but do not use these nests to cache food. They are frequent prey for owls and other local predators, and are said to flee from attack by zigzagging with a gait that is part running and part leaping.
The breeding season lasts from October to April in much of the range, but is shorter in more southerly, colder, climes. The litters of three to nine young reach sexual maturity at six to eight weeks of age. Individuals rarely live for more than nine months.
# Tropidophorus perplexus

Tropidophorus perplexus is a species of skink, described by Thomas Barbour in 1921 from Borneo.
# Torynesis orangica

Torynesis orangica, the Golden Gate widow, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is only known to be found in Brandwag Buttress and Mushroom Rocks in the Golden Gate Highlands and Titanic Rock near Clarens in Free State.
The wingspan of the Golden Gate widow is 42–52 mm for males and 45–55 mm for females. Adults are on the wing from late December to early February (with a peak in January). There is one generation per year
The larvae feed on various Poaceae species, including Merxmuellera species.
# Tibú Airport

Tibú Airport (IATA: TIB, ICAO: SKTB) is an airport serving Tibú, a town and municipality in the Norte de Santander Department of Colombia. The runway is on the southern edge of the town. Both town and airport are on the east bank of the Caño Campo Cinco River, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the border with Venezuela.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Clic | Cucuta |
# Trachysomus surdus

Trachysomus surdus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1946. It is known from Panama and Nicaragua.
# Trachysomus fragifer

Trachysomus fragifer is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by William Kirby in 1818. It is known from Paraguay and Brazil.
# Trachysomus hydaspes

Trachysomus hydaspes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1946. It is known from Guyana and French Guiana.
# Toumaï FC

Toumaï FC is a football (soccer) club from Chad based in N'Djamena.

## Achievements

* Chad Premier League: 0
* Chad Cup: 0
* Coupe de Ligue de N'Djaména: 0
* Chad Super Cup: 0

## Managers

* 2010 - Haroun Sabah 'Maître Toro'
* This article about a Chadian football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Towa Chiki

Towa Chiki Corporation (株式会社トーワチキ, Kabushikigaisha Tōwa Chiki) was a Japanese toy company responsible for many Famicom games in the late 1980s and 1990s. They were responsible for the critical and commercial bomb A Week of Garfield.

## Products

* TC-280 Transceiver (2,800 yen)
* TC-330 Transceiver
* TC-380 Transceiver (3,800 yen)
* TC-480 Transceiver (4,800 yen)
* To in Harokuma (9,800 yen)
* To in Haroinu (12,800 yen)

## Video games
### Famicom

* Sherlock Holmes: Hakushaku Reijō Yūkai Jiken
* Elnark no Zaihou
* Meitantei Holmes: Kiri no London Satsujin Jiken
* A Week of Garfield
* Meitantei Holmes: M-Kara no Chousenjou
* Idol Hakkenden
* Dragon Fighter

### Game Boy

* Taikyoku Renju
* Fish Dude
# Town by Town

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Town by Town is the third studio album by the progressive bluegrass collective Yonder Mountain String Band. It was released in 2001 by Frog Pad Records. A song is hidden after three minutes of silence on the track "Peace of Mind".
The song "To See You Coming 'Round the Bend" was sampled by Bubba Sparxxx for the song "Comin' Round" for the album Deliverance.

## Track listing

* "Rambler's Anthem" (Ben Kaufmann) – 2:53
* "Easy as Pie" (Dave Johnston) – 3:37
* "Idaho" (Adam Aijala, Carter) – 2:27
* "Loved You Enough" (Johnston) – 2:46
* "Sorrow Is a Highway" (Jeff Austin) – 3:54
* "Must've Had Your Reasons" (Kaufmann) – 3:04
* "Wildewood Drive" (Aijala) – 4:42
* "New Horizons" (Austin) – 7:11
* "Check Out Time" (Benny Galloway, Johnston) – 3:16
* "To See You Coming 'Round the Bend" (Kaufmann) – 3:23
* "Red Tail Lights" (Johnston) – 2:58
* "A Father's Arms" (Aijala) – 3:24
* "Hog Potato" (Johnston) – 3:50
* "Peace of Mind" (Austin) – 12:21
* "Boatman's Dance" [Untitled Hidden Track] – 6:14

## Personnel
### Yonder Mountain String Band

* Dave Johnston – banjo, vocals
* Jeff Austin – mandolin, vocals
* Ben Kaufmann – bass, vocals
* Adam Aijala – guitar, vocals

### Other musicians

* Tim O'Brien – bouzouki, fiddle

### Technical

* Lorne Bregitzer – engineer
* David Glasser – mastering
* Tim O'Brien – producer
* Bob Stovern – artwork
* James Tuttle – engineer, mixing
* Michael Weinstein – photography
# Tradescanticola

Tradescanticola is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

## Species

* Tradescanticola yildizae Kocak, 1983
# Timyra autarcha

Timyra autarcha is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1908. It is found in southern India.
The wingspan is 18–19 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous with three blackish fasciae, the first narrow, the basal extended along the costa to meet the second, which is broad and antemedian, while the third is very broad, running from about two-thirds of the costa to the tornus, with a few ochreous-whitish specks, the posterior edge curved parallel to the margin of the wing. There is a deep ochreous-yellow streak along the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Tsakane Clay Grassland

The Tsakane Clay Grassland is a rare South African vegetation type supporting a unique grassland ecosystem. It is named after the township of Tsakane in Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, in which it is the dominant natural vegetation type. This ecosystem is characterized by its clay-rich soil, which supports a diverse array of flora and fauna, including several endemic and threatened species. The Tsakane Clay Grassland is an important conservation area, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services to the surrounding human populations.

## Geography

The Tsakane Clay Grassland is the main vegetation type within the Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, with a smaller occurrence of the Andesite Mountain Bushveld (SVcb11) vegetation unit. The altitude varies between 1,545 and 1,917 meters above sea level. The grassland extends from Soweto to the town of Springs in Gauteng and is distributed in patches southwards to Nigel and Vereeniging. The vegetation unit also occurs in parts of Mpumalanga between Balfour and Standerton and also in the northern side of the Vaal Dam. The landscape is flat to slightly undulating, with low hills also present in some areas of the grassland.

## Biodiversity

The Tsakane Clay Grassland is home to a diverse range of plant species, including important taxa such as Andropogon schirensis, Eragrostis racemosa, Senecio inornatus, and Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum. These species are adapted to the clay-rich soil conditions found in the grassland. The ecosystem also supports a variety of animal species, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, many of which rely on the unique plant species for food and habitat.

## Conservation

The Tsakane Clay Grassland is an important conservation area due to its high levels of biodiversity and the presence of several threatened and endemic species. Efforts to conserve the ecosystem include the establishment of protected areas, as well as ongoing research and monitoring programs to better understand and manage the unique flora and fauna. These conservation efforts aim to preserve the ecological integrity of the grassland and ensure the long-term survival of its species.

## Threats

The Tsakane Clay Grassland faces several threats, primarily from human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and mining. The expansion of nearby towns and cities has led to habitat loss and fragmentation, which can negatively impact the ecosystem's biodiversity. Additionally, the introduction of non-native species and pollution from various sources can further degrade the grassland and threaten its native species.
# Tuhaň

Tuhaň may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Tuhaň (Česká Lípa District), a municipality and village in the Liberec Region
* Tuhaň (Mělník District), a municipality and village in the Central Bohemian Region
* Tuhaň, a village and part of Stružinec in the Liberec Region
# Tsoilitsoili

Tsoilitsoili is a community council located in the Leribe District of Lesotho. Its population in 2006 was 18,456.

## Villages

The community of Tsoili-tsoili includes the villages of Ha 'Nena (Kolonyama), Ha 'Noko, Ha Botsane, Ha Jobo, Ha Leboea, Ha Lepapa, Ha Lintša, Ha Makhaketsa, Ha Makhula, (Kronstaad)Ha Manama, Ha Maphomane (Manganeng), Ha Masimole, Ha Matala, Ha Mofeli, Ha Mohai, Ha Mohlokaqala, Ha Mokati, Ha Molelle, Ha Molipa, Ha Moqathinyane, Ha Moramang, Ha Motlokoa, Ha Nkhabu, Ha Ntseke, Ha Ntsekele, Ha Polile, Ha Polisa, Ha Rafelile (Manganeng), Ha Rakobeli, Ha Rakolo, Ha Ralehlatsa, Ha Rampa (Manganeng), Ha Ratšita, Ha Senyeke, Ha Setšabi, Ha Thokoa, Ha Tlalinyane, Ha Tokoto, Ha Tumo, Likatseng, Makhalong and Sekhutlong.

## Education

The Little Flower Primary School in the village of Kolonyama serves 340 children while the nursery school serves 15. Children are taught psychologically, spiritually, academically and socially.

## Health Care

The Little Flower Health Centre in the village of Kolonyama provides outpatient, well baby clinic, home and school visits, village health workers and even an occasional delivery of a newborn.
# Tsojana Dam

Tsojana Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Ncuncuzo River near Cofimvaba, Eastern Cape (former Transkei), South Africa. It was established in 1978 and serves mainly for municipal and industrial use. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked significant (2).
# Tung Yun-chi

Tung Yun-Chi (東 昀錡, born December 27, 1981, in Kaohsiung) is a Taiwanese softball player. She competed for the Chinese Taipei women's national softball team at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Tupirama

Tupirama is a municipality in the state of Tocantins in the Northern region of Brazil.