OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Niggly Cave, Tasmania

Niggly/Growling Swallet cave system (JF-237), Tasmania is the deepest cave in Australia.
Part of the extensive Junee-Florentine karst area near Mt Field National Park, it was considered to be the deepest explored cave in Australia since being discovered in 1994 until it was connected to and technically absorbed by the Growling Swallet (JF-36) system in 2019, bringing the depth record to 397m. The nearby Delta Variant Cave (JF-761) is expected to join the Niggly Cave/Growling Swallet system and push the depth record just over 400m in mid to late 2022. Recent exploration has been carried out by the Southern Tasmanian Caverneers - other deep caves they have explored nearby include Tachycardia Cave (JF-270).
The entrance to Niggly Cave is somewhat uninspiring, immediately dropping down a tight vertical shaft, and interspersing tight horizontal passages with large and spectacular drops, the longest being 183m. After 250m of abseiling and squeezing, a large underground river is reached, supplied in part by Growling Swallet, and emerging some 5km away. All of the cave is very technical alpine caving; there are no commercial tours.
Niggly Cave drains to the Junee River, in the Junee Cave State Reserve, adjacent to the Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Australia. The nearest town is Maydena. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 800 metres and the local geology is permo-Triassic sediment. The area is covered with thick sclerophyll forest.
# Arthur Duff (MP)

The Hon Arthur Duff (1743 – 2 June 1805) was a Scottish Member of Parliament who served during the latter part of the 1770s.
A younger son of William Duff, 1st Earl Fife, he was educated at St. Andrews University, Glasgow University and Leyden University.
He was member of Parliament for Elginshire from 1774 to 1779. He was appointed Steward of the Manor of East Hendred on 29 April 1779 to allow Lord William Gordon to be brought into Parliament. He was then appointed Comptroller of the Excise in Scotland.
He never married, and latterly lived at the estate at Orton, Moray he had inherited from his father.

## Legacy

The first Arthur's Bridge, opened in 1852, was named after Duff.

## Sources

* The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754–1790, ed. Lewis Bernstein Namier, John Brooke, 1964
* ↑ "The Lossie". Inverness Courier. 27 May 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
Parliament of Great Britain :
| Preceded byFrancis Grant | Member of Parliament for Elginshire 1774–1779 | Succeeded byLord William Gordon |
* This article about a Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (1707–1800) representing a Scottish constituency is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Arthur Apelt

Arthur Apelt (25 August 1907 in Eibau – 1993) was a German conductor and Generalmusikdirektor .
# Arthur Smith (fencer)

Arthur Radford Smith (born 4 February 1915, date of death unknown) was a British fencer. He competed in the individual and team foil events at the 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1948, he won the foil title at the British Fencing Championships.
# Arthur Smith (curator)

Arthur Hamilton Smith, FBA (1860–1941) was a British Museum curator and archaeologist.
His brothers were civil servant Henry Babington Smith and MP James Parker Smith. All three attended Trinity College, Cambridge and were members of the Cambridge Apostles.
Smith was Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum from 1909 to 1925. In addition, he served as president of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies from 1924 to 1929 and director of the British School at Rome from 1928 to 1930 and in 1932.
# Artashat (disambiguation)

Artaxata, also known as Artashat, is an ancient city and one of the historic capitals of Armenia.
Artashat may also refer to:
* Artashat, Armenia, a modern town in Armenia named after the nearby ancient city of Artashat
* Artashat orthonairovirus, a virus
* Verin Artashat, a village in the Ararat Province of Armenia
* Artashat City Stadium, a football stadium in the town of Artashat
# Arthur Featherstone Marshall

Arthur Featherstone Marshall (9 January 1828 – at least 1883) was an English Anglican priest who converted to Roman Catholicism in the 1860s.

## Life

He was the son of John Marshall, who in the premiership of Sir Robert Peel was government agent for colonising New South Wales. His elder brother Thomas William Marshall (1818–1877) was also a Roman Catholic convert and controversialist.
Marshall abandoned his curacy at Liverpool to become a Roman Catholic in the early 1860s. He subsequently published satirical (mostly pseudonymous) material on the Anglican principle of comprehensiveness and a trenchant criticism of opponents of the First Vatican Council, especially Old Catholics. Specific Anglican tenets he singles out for attack include the Branch theory and the sacramental validity of Anglican ministry and holy orders. In November 1883 he applied unsuccessfully to the Royal Literary Fund.
# Artois (cloak)

An artois was a long cloak worn by women in the 18th century. It was made with several capes, having lapels and revers like a box coat.
# Arthur Horner

Arthur Horner may refer to:
* Arthur Horner (cartoonist) (1916–1997), Australian cartoonist
* Arthur Horner (trade unionist) (1894–1968), Welsh trade union leader and communist politician
# Artis Award

The Artis Award is based on popular vote and is presented for achievements in French-Canadian (Québécois) television; called in French the Prix Artis. Many notable Québécois performing artists have been honored with this award, like Rémy Girard (2006).
The Artis Award is the successor of the MetroStar Award. The sponsorship of this award and its name were changed in 2006.
From the current Artis Gala website:
". . . This gala enables the public to honor its favorite artists from Québécois television."
(". . . ce gala permet au public de rendre hommage à ses artistes favoris de la télévision québécoise.")
At the first Gala Artis, held in Montreal on Sunday, April 30, 2006, Céline Dion performed "Tout près du bonheur" (in French only) with Marc Dupré.
# Axaxacualco

17°48′30″N 99°27′30″W﻿ / ﻿17.80833°N 99.45833°W﻿ / 17.80833; -99.45833 Axaxacualco is a town in the Mexican state of Guerrero, located in the municipality of Eduardo Neri.
# Tagula manucode

The Tagula manucode (Manucodia alter) is a species of bird-of-paradise.

## Distribution

Endemic to Papua New Guinea, the Tagula manucode is distributed to Tagula Island of the Louisiade Archipelago.
# Warden v. Hayden

Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 (1967), was a United States Supreme Court case that held that 'mere evidence' may be seized and held as evidence in a trial, allowing such evidence obtained in a search to be used. This finding reversed previous Supreme Court decisions such as Boyd v. United States which had held that search warrants may not be used as a means of gaining access to a man's house or office and papers solely for the purpose of making search to secure evidence to be used against him in a criminal or penal proceeding...

## Background of the case

In the morning of March 17, 1962, an armed man robbed the Diamond Cab Company in Baltimore, Maryland. Two cab drivers followed the man to a house and relayed the information to the police, who arrived quickly. After the police knocked on the door and announced that they were searching for a robber seen entering the house, Mrs. Hayden consented to the search. A search of the premises revealed a gun and clothing, found in a washing machine, that matched the description of the armed man that had been reported by the cab company. Weapons were found in a bathroom that matched the description of those used by the robber. Ammunition for the shotgun was found in Mr. Hayden's chest of drawers and ammunition for the handgun under his mattress.
Hayden was convicted at a bench trial. During appeals, courts held that the search of the house was valid; the search for weapons that were used in the crime, or could be used against the police was also valid. However, the appellate court held that the clothing was of 'mere evidential' nature, not in plain sight, and this was not properly seized. The police had been in hot pursuit of the robber, and thus were exempt from needing a warrant to search the house. However, under the rules at that time, seizing evidence such as the clothing that fit the description of the fleeing robber would not have been allowed. Suppressing the improperly seized evidence would lead to a new trial under the principle of the fruit of the poisonous tree.
# Richie Story

Richie Story (Roud 97, Child 232), also called The Earl of Weymss, is an English-language folk song existing in several variants. According to Francis James Child, the ballad is based on historical events that happened around 1673.

## Synopsis

Of a group of sisters (three, five, or seven in different variants), one (the youngest, the oldest, or the bonniest) falls in love with Richie Story (or some variant on the name Richard) and rejects an earl for him. She runs off with Richard. In one variant, he proves rich, but in most, she lives in poverty with him, and on being asked if she regretted it, asks how could she, when she gained her heart's desire. In another variant, 'Richie' turns out to be the 'King of all England'.

## Commentary

Falling in love with an apparently poor suitor is common in ballads -- The Beggar-Laddie, Dugall Quin, Lizie Lindsay, Glasgow Peggie—but he generally proves a rich man after all; often this is after she regrets the poverty they travel in. This ballad usually shows a rare actual rejection of wealth for true love.
A similar motif is found in the ballad Tom Potts.
# Tennō-ji (Okinawa)

Tennō-ji (天王寺) was a Rinzai Buddhist temple and royal bodaiji of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, located in Naha, Okinawa.
Tennō-ji was the house of Shō En before he ascended the throne. Shō Shin was born here. The house changed in usage and became a Buddhist temple during the reign of King Shō Shin (r. 1477–1526). It also used as bodaiji of Ryukyuan queens. Ryukyuan king should visit Enkaku-ji, Tennō-ji and Tenkai-ji after his genpuku and investiture.
Ryukyu was annexed by Japan in 1879, and Tennō-ji was closed in the same year and buddharupa, spirit tablets and bonshō were moved to Enkaku-ji. The main hall (本殿, Honden) was used as a classroom of a school; the western part of the temple was bought by Methodists who built a church on it. It was destroyed in the 1945 battle of Okinawa.
# Wunderkind (song)

"Wunderkind" is a song written and recorded by Canadian-American singer Alanis Morissette for the soundtrack of the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 63rd Golden Globe Awards.

## Background

Morissette was inspired to write the song after watching a rough cut of the film; according to her, the song seemed to flow from her and "really touches me deeply". She wrote it on a Friday, recorded it on Saturday, and handed it in on Sunday. After the release of "Wunderkind", Morissette enlisted producer Mike Elizondo to co-produce her tenth album. The protagonist of the song, which is written from the point of view of the character of Lucy Pevensie, describes herself as "a magnet for all kinds of deeper wonderment", "a wunderkind" and "a princess on the way to [her] throne" during the chorus. The string arrangements were in charge of Harry Gregson-Williams, the movie's composer.

## Release and reception

IGN Music wrote that it was "equally captivating" as Imogen Heap's soundtrack contribution "Can't Take It In", with Morissette "letting her warble drip delicately over a piano driven lament. It's one of the best things she's done in a long time." Sci Fi Weekly also described it as "captivating", writing "Morissette delivers [it] with a depth of feeling that makes one sit up and take notice." Movie Music UK called the song "wholly unremarkable ... it doesn't help that Alanis Morissette can't pronounce the word 'wunderkind' properly - it comes out as "wander" (as in walk around aimlessly) and "kind" (as in being nice to someone)." Similarly, Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com wrote "wait until you hear Alanis Morissette belt out her classless pronunciation of '[w]underkind'", and compared it to Annie Lennox's "Into the West", a song on the soundtrack for the 2003 film The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
"Wunderkind" was nominated for the 2006 Golden Globe for "Best Original Song" (see 63rd Golden Globe Awards nominees). After the nominations were announced, Morissette's home was inundated with phone calls, leading her to assume that "something must be wrong, somebody must be hurt"; she later said she was "excited that some light is being shone on [the song]."
The song was premiered on AOL Music on November 18, 2005 (see 2005 in music), ahead of the December release of the film and of the soundtrack album The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, on which it is featured. It was subsequently released as a radio single in some parts of Asia in early 2006 (see 2006 in music).
On February 28, 2010, Morissette performed the song at the closing ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Because of that, the song charted at #4 on iTunes Canada.
# CL4

CL4, CL-4 or CL.IV may refer to:
* Canadair CL-4 North Star Mk.1
* Halberstadt CL.IV, a German ground attack aircraft of World War I
* Hannover CL.IV, a prototype escort fighter built in Germany during World War I
* USS Omaha (CL-4), the lead ship of Omaha class of light cruiser of the United States Navy
* USS Little Rock (CL-4), a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy
* Tetrachloride (Cl$_4$)
# Artur Gavazzi

Artur Gavazzi (14 October 1861 – 12 March 1944) was a geographer and cartographer.
Gavazzi was born in Split (then in the Austrian Empire) and died in Zagreb (then in the Independent State of Croatia).
Gavazzi was the first professor of geography at the University of Ljubljana, where Anton Melik succeeded him. In 1928, Gavazzi went to the University of Zagreb.
# Aviation Parkway

Aviation Parkway may refer to:
* Aviation Parkway (Ottawa)
* Aviation Parkway (Raleigh-Durham)
* Arizona State Route 210 in Tucson, named Aviation Parkway
# Tajba

Tajba is a National Natural Reserve in the cadastre of the village Streda nad Bodrogom in Slovakia. It is situated around an oxbow of the River Bodrog.
The territory measures 273,600 square metres (67.6 acres) and it is a home of rare marsh communities. Species include the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), which is listed in the Red Book of Endangered Species as a critically endangered.
On May 25, 1966 the Slovak Parliament approved the Tajba Reserve as a European pond turtle sanctuary.
However, from the very beginning the reserve was plagued by a number of serious problems: dredging and calcification of the water-bed, bulrush harvesting, the building of a duck-farm and poisoned baits for suppressing vermin at a nearby pheasantry. As if this catalogue of small disasters was not enough, oil spilled into the reserve from a neighbouring agricultural facility which releases its wastes into the water as a matter of course. Turtles were wiped out in the part of the reserve stricken by this contamination. Despite this, in 1986 Dr. Jozef Voskar registered a dynamic population of all age categories in the undamaged areas.
The worst catastrophe, however, was caused by the dredging of the nearby Bodrog river which resulted in a lowering of the water table and hence the water surface at Tajbe. The water surface dropped to the greatest extent in the parts of the reserve that remained unaffected by the oil spillage and the sewage. In consequence, the area where the turtles had laid their eggs was left 500 metres (1,600 ft) from the water's edge. Even if some of the fittest females were capable of reaching the pool, the newly hatched turtles would have no chance whatsoever of returning to the water.
The present situation at Tajba is an ecological disaster. The possibilities of recovery are currently being weighed; the Aqua-Tera club of the Košice University of Veterinary Medicíne would like to contribute to the rescue of the turtles by releasing the turtles it reared into the wild.
# Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge

Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Genis of Saintonge) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# Warren Clark

Warren Clark may refer to:
* Warren Clark Jr. (1936–2018), American diplomat
* E. Warren Clark (1849–1907), American educator
# Ridgeway School

Ridgeway School may refer to:
* Ridgeway School, Kempston, a special school in Kempston, Bedfordshire, England
* The Ridgeway School & Sixth Form College, a secondary school in Wroughton, Wiltshire, England
* Ridgeway Secondary School, a secondary school in Astwood Bank, Worcestershire, England
# Teruko Wada

Teruko Wada (和田 照子, Wada Teruko) (born October 31, 1969, Nagano, Nagano prefecture), Japan is an attorney and former President of the Girl Scouts of Japan, a member of the World Board of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts since 2011, and Senior Manager at the Japan Business Federation.
Wada led disaster relief fundraising efforts in the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and under her guidance, Girl Scouts of Nagano started a project to support children with needs in partnership with Armenian Girl Guides of the National Union of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts of Armenia.
She studied at the Graduate School of Law and Politics of the University of Tokyo, as well as Waseda University and Knox College. She lives in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. She was admitted, or permitted to practice law, in New York State in 2004 via Georgetown University.
# Wunderkind (disambiguation)

Wunderkind (from German: Wunderkind, literally "wonder child") is a synonym for "child prodigy", a child who produces meaningful output to the level of an adult expert performer.
Wunderkind may also refer to:
* Wunderkind (band), whose members formed November Group
* Wunderkind (fashion), a German fashion brand
* "Wunderkind" (song), by Alanis Morissette, 2005
* "The Wunderkind" (The Twilight Zone), 2019 episode of the television series The Twilight Zone
# CLAN program

The CLAN (Computerized Language ANalysis) program is a cross-platform program designed by Brian MacWhinney and written by Leonid Spektor for the purpose of creating and analyzing transcripts in the Child Language Exchange System (CHILDES) database. CLAN is open source software and can be freely downloaded.

## History

From 1984 until 2000, CLAN was used exclusively for the analysis of child language data. However, beginning with the funding of the TalkBank system by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2000, the scope of CLAN has broadened. CLAN is now being used to create and analyze a wide variety of corpora in the context of these databanks: CHILDES for child language, AphasiaBank for aphasia, PhonBank for phonology, FluencyBank for fluency disorders, HomeBank for daylong recordings in the home, and SLABank for second language acquisition. The TalkBank website also provides data for seven other spoken language banks dealing with CA (Conversation Analysis), RHD (right hemisphere damage), TBI (traumatic brain injury), LangBank (classical languages), ClassBank (classroom interactions), SamtaleBank (Danish), and BilingBank (bilingualism).

## Features

All the data in each of these banks is formatted in the CHAT transcription format which is designed for analysis by CLAN. The CLAN programs include facilities in five different domains:
* CLAN includes an editor that focuses on the creation of links between words and utterances in the transcript and segment of the related audio or video media. CLAN provides four methods to facilitate this process. The SoundWalker facility emulates the back and forth actions of a transcribers foot pedal, but using keystrokes. Sonic CHAT provides careful segment link from a waveform. Transcriber mode uses the pressing of a space bar after the completion of an utterance to facilitate transcription, and finally time marks can be edited and produced by hand entry.
* CLAN provides all the basic tools of corpus analysis such as key-word and line, concordance, frequency counting, partial regular expression search, and so on.
* CLAN provides additional analysis programs for between-speak contingency patterns, utterance and word length, cooccurrence clusters, and so on.
* For Qualitative Data Analysis CLAN has program such as GEM for marking special segments of text, Coder's Editor for applying a coding system, CA format for Jeffersonian CA transcription.
* To support the use of TalkBank data in the clinical setting, CLAN includes programs like EVAL and KIDEVAL that compare individual subject and groups with a large comparison database in one or more of the TalkBank corpora databases.
# Aydın Menderes

Aydın Menderes (5 May 1946 – 23 December 2011) was a Turkish politician. He was a deputy, who represented various parties from 1977 to 2002. He was the youngest son of former prime minister Adnan Menderes.

## Biography

Menderes was born in 1946 as the third son of Adnan and Berrin Menders in Ankara. His father, who was prime minister since 1950 in office, was ousted by the 1960 military coup, tried and executed in 1961 along with two other government ministers.
Following completion of his secondary education at the TED Ankara College in 1964, he attended Ankara Academy of Commerce and Economics, graduating in 1968. He entered trade business first, switched over to politics in 1970. In 1976, Aydın Menderes completed his military service at Iskenderun.
His brother Yüksel committed suicide in 1972, and the other brother Mutlu died in a traffic accident in 1978. Aydın Menderes became disabled following a traffic accident in 1996, and was reliant on a wheelchair since then.
He died on 23 December 2011 in a hospital in Ankara, where was treated for a long time. He was survived by his wife Ümran whom he married to in 1991.

## Politics career

Aydın Menders entered politics as the leader of Democtraic Party's Aydın Province organization in 1970. Following the 1977 general election, he entered the parliament as deputy of Konya Province from the Justice Party (AP).
He was among the politicians, who were banned from the active politics for a time of ten-years after the 1980 military coup. In 1993, he established the "Great Change Party" (BDP) and became its leader. In 1994, his party merged into the Democrat Party (DP), which was relaunched in 1992 after its closure in 1980. Aydın Menderes was elected its leader and served at this post until 1995.
at the 1995 general election, he was elected Deputy of Istanbul from the Islamist Welfare Party (RP). The next year, he became deputy party leader. After the ban of the party in 1998, Aydın Menderes shifted to Virtue Party (FP), another Islamist party, and was elected deputy of Istanbul Province in the 1999 general election. After a while, he resigned from the Virtue Party.
In the 2002 general election, he ran for a seat in the parliament from the True Path Party (DYP) in Aydın. However, the DYP failed to gain any seat in the parliament. In 2007, the DYP and the Motherland Party (ANAP) merged to form and to revive the Democratic Party (DP). Aydın Menderes quit the politics after Hüsamettin Cindoruk became leader of the party in May 2009.

## Writing career

In 2003, Aydın Menderes began to write for the newspaper Tercüman. He wrote later columns for the daily Yeni Asır.
Between 1987 and 2005, he published books on his political thoughts.

## Works

* Tarihte Bir Yolculuk (1987), Dergah Yayınları
* Aydın Menderes ve Siyasette Yeni Yönelişler (1992), Dergah Yayınları (Söyleyişlerinden bir secme)
* Yirmibirinci Yüzyıla Girerken Dünya ve Türkiye (1995, Demokrat Parti Yayınları
* Yirmibirinci Yüzyıla Girerken Demokrat Partinin Misyonu, Demokrat Parti Yayınları)
* Gelenekten Güncele (1999), Gün Yayıncılık
* Devletin Alınyazısı (2005), Kızılelma Yayınları