OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bleu Copas

Bleu Copas is an American Arabic translator. In 2006, he was discharged from the United States Army under the Don't ask, don't tell policy for being gay. The discharge was seen as controversial not only for the policy but also for the timing when the Army had a pronounced need for Arab translators with the war on terrorism.
Born in 1976, Copas was raised in Tennessee in a conservative and religious environment. He reports admiring the ideal of military service as a child, and he enrolled in ROTC in college. After the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, Copas enlisted in the Army. After basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he attended the Defense Language Institute in California. There, he was trained in Arabic for future assignment as a combat translator.
Copas, who never admitted being gay while a soldier, was discharged honorably after an eight-month investigation. The investigation was triggered by a number of anonymous e-mails accusing Copas of homosexual acts; Copas's battalion commander with the 82nd Airborne at Fort Bragg determined that the evidence was sufficient to discharge Copas despite his denial. The Army claimed that the evidence indicated that Copas had engaged in at least two homosexual affairs while in the service, and that the e-mails had been sent in revenge for the failure of one of these relationships. Copas suggests that the information came from an anonymous informant whom he had met and mistakenly befriended in a chat room.
Copas has since returned to East Tennessee State University where he is studying for a master's degree in counseling.
# Reinbek

Reinbek (German: ; probably from "Rainbek" = brook at the field margin; Northern Low Saxon: Reinbeek) is a town located in Stormarn district in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein within the metropolitan region of Hamburg. It can be accessed by the A1, the A24 autobahn, federal highway 5 and the S-Bahn line S2.
Reinbek was first mentioned in 1226, the city rights were given in 1952. The town is located at the river Bille which was dammed up here to form a mill pond.

## Religion

Religious affiliation:
* 44% Protestant
* 9% Catholic
* 22% other religious groups
* 26% without religious affiliation

### Important church communities

* Church of Mary Magdalene (Lutheran)
* Nathan-Söderblom church (Lutheran)
* Ansgar community, St. Ansgar's Chapel and St. Michael's Chapel (Lutheran)
* Sacred Heart of Jesus (Roman Catholic)
* Evangelical Free Church (Baptist)

## Sights

* 16th-century castle Schloss Reinbeck in Dutch Renaissance style, buikd for Adolfs I. Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. Nowadays art and cultural center for Reinbeck.

## Transport

Reinbek station is serviced by the rapid transit system of the Hamburg S-Bahn. Public transport is also provided by buses.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Reinbek is twinned with:
* Koło, Poland (1999)
Since 1974, Reinbek also cooperates with Padasjoki in Finland, and has friendly relations with its former twin town of Täby in Sweden.

## Notable people

* Minna Specht (1879–1961), teacher and socialist
* Angela Sommer-Bodenburg (born 1948), children's book author and painter
* Sabine Sütterlin-Waack (born 1958), politician
* Jan van Aken (born 1961), politician (The Left)
* Max Kruse (born 1988), association football player
* Maximilian Buhk (born 1992), racing driver
# Slide Lake (White Cloud Mountains)

Slide Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake can be accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 601.
Slide Lake is just south of Calkins Peak, northeast of D. O. Lee Peak, and upstream of Sheep and Neck Lakes.
# Shankar's Weekly

Shankar's Weekly was an Indian satirical magazine published between 1948 and 1975. It was founded and run by Keshav Shankar Pillai, a pioneering political cartoonist. The magazine has been compared to the UK's Punch.
The weekly printed its first issue in 1948 after Pillai left the Hindustan Times following pressure from Times editor Devdas Gandhi to stop publishing cartoons critical of C. Rajagopalachari, a prominent Congress leader. The magazine was launched by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, with whom Pillai shared a close friendship, even though Pillai described the magazine as "fundamentally anti-establishment".
Shankar's Weekly became a platform for aspiring cartoonists across the country. Prominent cartoonists who published in the weekly include R K Laxman, Rajinder Puri, Kevy, Kutty, Bal Thackeray and Yesudasan. The magazine invited contributions from readers in a designated space. Many cartoonists, such as E. P. Unny, published through the readers' column. According to Unny, Shankar's Weekly was the "homing ground for the second generation of Indian political cartoons". Shankar allowed a variety of styles to function together despite himself being a very powerful leader with certainty for the craft. There was no common house style; a variety of personal styles were created by the cartoonists. In 1975, two weeks into The Emergency, the magazine shut down after having run for 27 years. According to the founder, the Emergency was not the cause of the closure. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi wrote a letter to Pillai on hearing of the closure, stating she will "miss the journal".
# SEMA5A

Semaphorin-5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA5A gene.
Members of the semaphorin protein family, such as SEMA5A, are involved in axonal guidance during neural development.
Semaphorin 5A also plays a role in autism, reducing the ability of neurons to form connections with other neurons in certain brain regions.
# Sura (alcoholic drink)

Sura or Sooraa (Sanskrit and Pāli; Devanāgarī: सुरा) is a strong distilled alcoholic drink originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is referred to as an anaesthetic by Suśruta (a surgeon in India circa 400 BCE). Other ancient medical authorities also mention it; Charaka referred to making a woman with a miscarriage senseless to pain by administering alcoholic drinks like sooraa, sīdhu, ariṣṭa, madhu, madirā or āsava.

## History

The method for preparation appears in the Atharvaveda in the Kandas 5 and 8.
In Buddhist texts surāh is mentioned as one of intoxicating drinks, along with (Pali) meraya (Sanskrit maireya, a drink made with sugar cane and several spices) and majja (maybe equivalent of Sanskrit madhu, mead or hydromel), and renunciation of its usage constitutes the 5th of the Buddhist precepts (pañca-sīlāni): "I undertake the training rule to abstain from fermented drinks which cause heedlessness" (Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi).
# Bromelton Dam

The Bromelton Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam located off-stream at Gleneagle in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for potable water supply of the Beaudesert area. The resultant reservoir is called Bromelton Offstream Storage.
Since its completion, Bromelton Offstream Storage delivered an additional 5,000 megalitres (1,100×10^$^6$ imp gal; 1,300×10^$^6$ US gal) in water supply capacity, working in conjunction with Cedar Grove Weir and the Wyaralong Dam, that was completed in 2001, to improve the reliability of the Logan River Water Supply Scheme in drought conditions.
# Parks and open spaces in the City of Westminster

The City of Westminster, a central London borough, has 116 parks and open spaces; these include small gardens as well as larger areas of land. The open spaces are managed by Westminster City Council and private resident and business associations. Westminster is also home to four of the Royal Parks (Hyde Park,Green Park, St. James's Park and Kensington Gardens). The Royal Parks are managed by Royal Parks.
Westminster has a selection of typical London squares and formal gardens. Among the sites are:
* Brown Hart Gardens
* Cavendish Square Gardens
* College Garden
* Golden Square
* Grosvenor Square, the site of the Canadian High Commission (former US Embassy) and the current US Embassy
* Hanover Square
* Leicester Square
* Manchester Square
* Mount Street Gardens
* Paddington Recreation Ground
* Pimlico Gardens
* Regent's Park (Partly)
* Victoria Embankment Gardens
* Victoria Tower Gardens (managed By Royal Parks)
The only Local Nature Reserve in the borough is St. John's Wood Church Grounds. In addition to parks and open spaces within the borough, the City owns and maintains East Finchley Cemetery in the London Borough of Barnet.
# Veerannapeta

Veerannapeta is a village and gram panchayat in Kondurg mandal of Ranga Reddy district in Telangana, India.
It is located about 7 kilometers from Kondurg and 39 kilometers from Mahbubnagar town.

## Demographics

According to Indian census, 2001, the demographic details of this village is as follows:
* Total Population: 1,850 in 355 Households.
* Male Population: 958 and Female Population: 892
* Children Under 6-years of age: 318 (Boys - 168 and Girls - 150)
* Total Literates: 540
# Si Tandang Bacio Macunat

Si Tandang Bacio Macunat (lit. Old Man Bacio Macunat), alternatively spelled as Si Tandang Basio Macunat, is a work written by Spanish friar, Miguel Lucio Bustamante published in Tagalog in the Spanish Philippines. It is known for its premise which argues that education is undesirable to the 'Indios', and criticizes the pursuit of education by members of the Ilustrado class.

## Characters

* Gervasio "Bacio" Macunat – An old farmer whom the narrator of the story meets. The eponymous character lacks ambition and accepts his sociopolitical position as an indio. He is critical of education preferring to remain on his farm working with his carabao. He claims that if he deviates from this expectation it would mean rebelling against God and the King. He is married to Silia with whom he has many children. His father is likewise obedient and a strict person. Bacio narrates an eye-witness account of his father about a indio youth known as Proper to the narrator.
* The Narrator – the character who remains unnamed throughout the story, in an effort to understand society the narrator travels through many towns around Manila meeting Bacio. He is supportive of giving indios access to education.
* Prospero "Proper" – A youth who belongs to a indio middle class family with Andres Baticot and Maria Dimaniuala as his parents. Proper described in a story as a good Christian at the start of the narrative along with his sister, Pili, was sent to Manila for education by the cabeza with his father's consent. He returns to town as a hedonistic and arrogant person as a result of his education in Manila and causes misdeeds which brings tragedy to his family.
* Felicita "Pili" – Proper's sister who worried about the sending of his brother to Manila. She is also the cousin of Bacio's father.
# Rieppelia

Rieppelia is an extinct genus of latimeriid coelacanth fish from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland, in what is now Monte San Giorgio. It contains a single species, R. heinzfurreri.

## Naming

The generic name is given in honor of Dr. Olivier Rieppel, who was the first to report the presence of the taxon in the fossil fauna of San Giorgio. The species is named after Dr. Heinz Furrer, who made major contributions to the geological and paleontological research of Switzerland, especially the deposits of the Triassic period.

## Description

Rieppelia is an unusually short (63 cm) and stout coelacanth, akin to the closely related Foreyia. Its skull and fins had features reminiscing Paleozoic coelacanths, and a non-functional intracranial joint. Teeth were many, small, pointed and curved.

## Habitat

Rieppelia lived in shallow lagoons or basins at the western end of Paleo-Tethys Ocean, and along with related genera was probably an endemism.

## Classification

Rieppelia is a close relative of Triassic latimeriiids Foreyia and Ticinepomis, and together they are grouped in the subfamily Ticinepomiinae.
# 2019 Telangana local elections

Local elections were held in the Indian state of Telangana in 2019 for various rural local bodies including 12,751 gram panchayats, 538 Zilla Parishad territorial constituencies, and 5,817 Mandal Parishad territorial constituencies. Gram panchayat elections were held in January 2019 whereas ZPTC and MPTC elections were held in May 2019.
Almost 4,000 new panchayats were created in 2018 which went through their first election.

## Background

The previous Telangana rural local body elections held in united Andhra Pradesh in 2013 and 2014. Previous gram panchayat elections were held in 2013, the Indian National Congress won 2,669 gram panchayats (only counting the Telangana region), followed by Telugu Desam Party with 1,838 seats, and the Telangana Rashtra Samithi with 1,635 seats. In the elections for ZPTC and MPTC in 2014, the Congress won 176 ZPTCs and 2,315 MPTCs (only counting the Telangana region), followed by TRS with 191 ZPTCs and 1,860 MPTCs, and TDP with 53 ZPTCs and 1,061 MPTCs.
Local body elections in Telangana region (2013 and 2014) :
| Local body | INC | TRS | TDP | Oth |
| Gram Panchayat | 2,669 | 1,635 | 1,838 | TBC |
| Zilla Parishad territorial constituencies | 176 | 191 | 53 | 23 |
| Mandal Parishad territorial constituencies | 2,315 | 1,860 | 1,061 | 1,251 |

## Results

The Telangana Rashtra Samithi swept the elections, winning over 60% of gram panchayats and MPTCs and over 80% of ZPTCs.
Local body elections in Telangana state (2019) :
| Local body | TRS | INC | BJP |
| Gram Panchayat | 7,774 | 2,709 | 163 |
| Zilla Parishad territorial constituencies | 446 | 75 | 8 |
| Mandal Parishad territorial constituencies | 3,556 | 1,377 | 211 |
# S-finite measure

In measure theory, a branch of mathematics that studies generalized notions of volumes, an s-finite measure is a special type of measure. An s-finite measure is more general than a finite measure, but allows one to generalize certain proofs for finite measures.
The s-finite measures should not be confused with the σ-finite (sigma-finite) measures.

## Definition

Let $(X,{\mathcal {A}})$ be a measurable space and $\mu$ a measure on this measurable space. The measure $\mu$ is called an s-finite measure, if it can be written as a countable sum of finite measures $\nu _{n}$ ($n\in \mathbb {N}$),
    $\mu =\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\nu _{n}.$

## Example

The Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ is an s-finite measure. For this, set
    $B_{n}=(-n,-n+1]\cup [n-1,n)$
and define the measures $\nu _{n}$ by
    $\nu _{n}(A)=\lambda (A\cap B_{n})$
for all measurable sets $A$. These measures are finite, since $\nu _{n}(A)\leq \nu _{n}(B_{n})=2$ for all measurable sets $A$, and by construction satisfy
    $\lambda =\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\nu _{n}.$
Therefore the Lebesgue measure is s-finite.

## Properties
### Relation to σ-finite measures

Every σ-finite measure is s-finite, but not every s-finite measure is also σ-finite.
To show that every σ-finite measure is s-finite, let $\mu$ be σ-finite. Then there are measurable disjoint sets $B_{1},B_{2},\dots$ with $\mu (B_{n})<\infty$ and
    $\bigcup _{n=1}^{\infty }B_{n}=X$
Then the measures
    $\nu _{n}(\cdot ):=\mu (\cdot \cap B_{n})$
are finite and their sum is $\mu$. This approach is just like in the example above.
An example for an s-finite measure that is not σ-finite can be constructed on the set $X=\{a\}$ with the σ-algebra ${\mathcal {A}}=\{\{a\},\emptyset \}$. For all $n\in \mathbb {N}$, let $\nu _{n}$ be the counting measure on this measurable space and define
    $\mu :=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\nu _{n}.$
The measure $\mu$ is by construction s-finite (since the counting measure is finite on a set with one element). But $\mu$ is not σ-finite, since
    $\mu (\{a\})=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\nu _{n}(\{a\})=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }1=\infty .$
So $\mu$ cannot be σ-finite.

### Equivalence to probability measures

For every s-finite measure $\mu =\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\nu _{n}$, there exists an equivalent probability measure $P$, meaning that $\mu \sim P$. One possible equivalent probability measure is given by
    $P=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }2^{-n}{\frac {\nu _{n}}{\nu _{n}(X)}}.$
# Sura (moth)

Sura is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

## Species

* Sura ellenbergeri (Le Cerf, 1917)
* Sura lampadura Meyrick, 1935
* Sura melanochalcia (Le Cerf, 1917)
* Sura pyrocera Hampson, 1919
* Sura ruficauda (Rothschild, 1911)
* Sura rufitibia Hampson, 1919
* Sura xanthopyga (Hampson, 1919)
* Sura xylocopiformis Walker, 1856
* Sura chalybea Butler, 1876
* Sura cyanea Hampson, 1919
* Sura ignicauda (Hampson, [1893])
* Sura phoenicia Hampson, 1919
* Sura pryeri Druce, 1882
* Sura uncariae Schneider, 1940
# Parque de los Reyes

Parque de Los Reyes (“Kings' Park”) is part of the "Santiago integrated park system" that also included Parque Forestal and Parque Fluvial Padre Renato Poblete.
The park lies on the south bank of the Mapocho River and extends to Balmaceda Avenue in the south, Estación Mapocho Cultural Centre in the east and Quinta Normal in the west.
The park lies across two of the communes of Chile's capital city, (Santiago (in its central and eastern parts) and Quinta Normal (in its western part). The name of the park commemorates the 500th anniversary of the discovery and colonization of the Americas, and honours the Spanish royal family. It opened in 1992 in a ceremony hosted by King King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía of Spain. The park is bordered to the east by Parque Forestal and to the west by Parque Fluvial Padre Renato Poblete and is administered by the Municipality of Santiago.

## The park

Estación Mapocho Cultural Centre is located on the eastern edge of the park and Balmaceda 1215 cultural centre, home to the Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile, and the metro station Puente Cal y Canto.
In the central zone of the park lies a sports centre that offers free aerobics, aerobox, football and other sport classes every Saturday morning, as well as a 2000 square metre skatepark, considered one of the best in the city. Between the skate park and Estacion Mapocho lies a 4000 square metre pool and a flea market, known in Chile as a "persa".
The western part of the park includes the "Perrera Arte (“kennel art”) Experimental Art Centre", which, as its name suggests, is located in the premises of a former kennels. Here can also be found the "Memorial Puente Bulnes" (Bulnes Bridge Memorial), the "Muro de la Memoria" (Memory Wall) and the "Plaza Joan Alsina" (Juan Alsina Square), all of which commemorate the victims of the Chilean military regime.
# Requena-Utiel railway station

Requena-Utiel railway station is a railway station serving the Spanish towns of Requena and Utiel in the Valencian Community. It is served by the Spanish AVE high-speed rail system, on the Madrid–Levante high-speed rail network.

## History

The station was built in 2010 at a cost of €12.4 million. It has been described as being "designed to favour rational use of energy. For this, energy efficiency, thermal insulation and energy saving criteria have been taken into account, so it will include thermal solar panels to produce hot water and photovoltaic panels to receive solar energy and transform it into electrical energy." Since opening, the station has been criticised for being one of the least-used stations on the entire AVE network, with "less than 20 passengers a day" in 2016.

## Services

| Preceding station | Renfe Operadora | Following station |
| Cuenca–Fernando Zóbeltowards Madrid Chamartín | AVE | Valencia-Joaquín SorollaTerminus |
| Cuenca–Fernando Zóbeltowards Madrid Chamartín | Avlo | Valencia-Joaquín SorollaTerminus |
| Terminus | Avant | Valencia-Joaquín SorollaTerminus |
# Slape

Slape (pronounced) is a settlement on the Dravinja River in the Municipality of Majšperk in northeastern Slovenia. There is also a dam and the only mill in the municipality. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.
In 1986 traces of a prehistoric Early Iron Age settlement were discovered in the area.
# Sharon Christman

Sharon Christman is an American soprano and professor. She serves as director of the Vocal Division of the Benjamin T. Rome School of Music, Catholic University of America, in Washington, DC.

## Early life

Christman started singing as a young child, and by the sixth grade she would sing in her parents' two-car garage. By the age of sixteen, she was singing in the lead role of Jules Massenet's Manon.

## Career

Christman sang the role of Queen of the Night at the New York City Opera's performance of The Magic Flute, a role she also played in 1990 in Milwaukee. Christman was one of the principals in the Los Angeles Opera's 1988 production of Die Fledermaus. Her first performance in Washington, D.C. was a 1991 performance of Anna Bolena at the Summer Opera Theatre. Her 1996 performance of Poliuto was described as "deeply expressive".

## Awards and honors

In 1981 Christman received the Puccini Award from the Baltimore Opera Company.
# S-knot

In loop quantum gravity, an s-knot is an equivalence class of spin networks under diffeomorphisms. In this formalism, s-knots represent the quantum states of the gravitational field.
# Surface triangulation

Triangulation of a surface means
* a net of triangles, which covers a given surface partly or totally, or
* the procedure of generating the points and triangles of such a net of triangles.

## Approaches

This article describes the generation of a net of triangles. In literature there are contributions which deal with the optimization of a given net.
Surface triangulations are important for
* visualizing surfaces and
* the application of finite element methods.
The triangulation of a parametrically defined surface is simply achieved by triangulating the area of definition (see second figure, depicting the Monkey Saddle). However, the triangles may vary in shape and extension in object space, posing a potential drawback. This can be minimized through adaptive methods that consider step width while triangulating the parameter area.
To triangulate an implicit surface (defined by one or more equations) is more difficult. There exist essentially two methods.
* One method divides the 3D region of consideration into cubes and determines the intersections of the surface with the edges of the cubes in order to get polygons on the surface, which thereafter have to be triangulated (cutting cube method). The expenditure for managing the data is great.
* The second and simpler concept is the marching method. The triangulation starts with a triangulated hexagon at a starting point. This hexagon is then surrounded by new triangles, following given rules, until the surface of consideration is triangulated. If the surface consists of several components, the algorithm has to be started several times using suitable starting points.
The cutting cube algorithm determines, at the same time, all components of the surface within the surrounding starting cube depending on prescribed limit parameters. An advantage of the marching method is the possibility to prescribe boundaries (see picture).
Polygonizing a surface means to generate a polygon mesh.
The triangulation of a surface should not be confused with the triangulation of a discrete prescribed plane set of points. See Delaunay triangulation.
* Triangulation: cylinder, surface x$^4$ + y$^4$ + z$^4$ = 1
* Triangulation: cylinder, surface x$^4$ + y$^4$ + z$^4$ = 1, POV-Ray image
* Torus: triangulated by the marching method
* Torus: polygonized by the cutting cube method
# Pete Shaw

Pete Shaw may refer to:
* Pete Shaw (author) (born 1966), British author, broadcaster, programmer and theatrical producer
* Pete Shaw (American football) (born 1954), American football player