OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pierre Vigny

Pierre Vigny (1866–1943) was a French master-at-arms who was active during the late 19th century and early 20th century. He specialised in French savate and in the art of stick fighting known as canne de combat, which he heavily modified to better suit his theories of effective self defense.

## Biography

Pierre Vigny was born in Taninges, Haute-Savoie on 25 March 1866.
In 1886, he joined the Second Regiment of French Artillery at Grenoble. Leaving the army in 1898, he founded a school of arms and self defence in Geneva and then moved to London, where he became the chief instructor of the Bartitsu Club operated by Edward William Barton-Wright. Around this time, Vigny also established a tradition of annual exhibitions of combat sports and self defence skills.
In 1903, Vigny opened his own self-defence academy in London, based at #18 Berner Street. During this period, he also married a young woman named Miss Sanderson, who became his assistant instructor. He continued to work as a hand-to-hand combat instructor, including an engagement training recruits at Aldershot Military School. A few years later, his wife Marguerite developed a self-defense technique with an umbrella.
In 1912, Vigny returned to Geneva and established another self-defence school there.

## The Vigny method of stick fighting

Vigny is best-remembered today as the founder of a unique style of stick fighting, which employed walking sticks and umbrellas as weapons of self-defence. Aspects of his method were recorded by E.W. Barton-Wright in a series of articles entitled Self Defence with a Walking Stick, published in Pearson's Magazine in 1901.
In 1923, Superintendent H.G. Lang, an officer of the Indian Police, wrote a book entitled The Walking Stick Method of Self Defence which drew largely from the Vigny system via Lang's training with Vigny's student Percy Rolt. During the 1940s, Lang's book became the basis for self-defence training of tens of thousands of Jews living in Palestine.
# Saiful

Saiful is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Saiful Alom, Bengali politician
* Saiful Apek (born 1969), Malaysian actor and comedian
* Saiful Azam (born 1941), Pakistan Air Force officer
* Saiful Haq, Bangladeshi architect, educator, architectural theorist and activist
* Saiful Hoque, Bangladeshi diplomat, Ambassador of Bangladesh to Russia
* Saiful Islam (disambiguation), several people
* Mohd Saiful Nizam Miswan (born 1981), Malaysian footballer
* Saiful Rijal, the eighth sultan of Brunei
* Mohd Saiful Rusly (born 1978), Malaysian footballer
* Saiful Amar Sudar, Malaysian footballer
* Saiful Bukhari Azlan, Malaysian political worker and politician
* Saiful Bari Titu, football coach and player from Bangladesh
* Saiful (footballer), Indonesian footballer
# Amphilius opisthophthalmus

Amphilius opisthophthalmus is a species of catfish in the genus Amphilius. It is found in Oshwe on the Lukenie River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its length reaches 8.4 cm (3.3 in).
# Slippery Rock Sliders

The Slippery Rock Sliders were a professional, and later collegiate summer baseball team based in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, in the United States. They were a member of the Frontier League and the East Division of the summer collegiate Prospect League.

## History
### Frontier League

The Sliders were formed for the 2007 season to ensure an even number of teams with the Frontier League's addition of the Southern Illinois Miners. The Sliders played a mere 32 home games at Jack Critchfield Park in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, with the remaining 64 played on the road. For the 2008 season, the Sliders became a traveling team, playing all of their games on the road under the geographical moniker, Midwest Sliders.
The Frontier League Sliders' became the Midwest Sliders of Ypsilanti for the 2009 season. That year they played at Eastern Michigan University's Oestrike Stadium located in Ypsilanti, Michigan. In 2010, the team was renamed the Oakland County Cruisers, and moved into the new Diamond at the Summit ballpark. In 2012, the team moved again to London, Ontario and became the London Rippers. The team folded halfway through the season, and once again became a traveling team known as the Road Warriors. The Road Warriors would be the final incarnation of the franchise as the team did not return to any city in the 2013 season.

### Prospect League

When the summer-collegiate Prospect League was formed, Slippery Rock was announced as one of the franchise locations. Owner/GM Mike Bencic acquired the Sliders name & logo rights, bringing the ball team back in 2009.
In the 2009 season the Sliders were managed by Chase Rowe, a Slippery Rock University alumnus and current head coach of nearby La Roche College.
Over the next five years the Sliders would form a small rivalry with fellow Butler County PL team the Butler BlueSox. The Sliders ceased operations in Slippery Rock at the end of the 2013 season. The franchise relocated to Springfield, Ohio and were renamed the Champion City Kings.

## Seasons

Slippery Rock Sliders (Frontier League) :
| Year | W-L | PCT | Place | Postseason |
| 2007 | 29-66 | .305 | 4th in FL East | |
| 2008 | Did Not Play | Did Not Play | Did Not Play | Did Not Play |
| Total | 29-66 | .305 | |
| Slippery Rock Sliders (Prospect League) |||||
| Year | W-L | PCT | Place | Postseason |
| 2009 | 22-31 | .415 | 5th in PL East | |
| 2010 | 21-33 | .389 | 4th in PL East | |
| 2011 | 26-29 | .472 | 3rd in PL East | 2-1 L WV Miners |
| 2012 | 20-40 | .333 | 5th in PL East | |
| 2013 | | | | |
| Total | 89-133 | .401 | |
# Soviet cruiser Petropavlovsk

Three ships of the Soviet Navy have been named Petropavlovsk after the 1854 Siege of Petropavlovsk.
* Soviet cruiser Petropavlovsk (1940) - Admiral Hipper-class cruiser formerly named Lützow
* Soviet cruiser Petropavlovsk (1957) - Kirov-class cruiser formerly named Kaganovich
* Soviet cruiser Petropavlovsk (1973) - Kara-class cruiser commissioned in 1973 and scrapped in 1996
# Soviet cruiser Slava

Soviet cruiser Slava may refer to:
* Soviet cruiser Slava (1939), formerly Soviet cruiser Molotov
* Soviet cruiser Slava (1979), former name of Russian cruiser Moskva
# Space Applications Centre (disambiguation)

The Space Applications Centre is an Indian research institution in Ahmedabad, India.
Space Applications Centre may also refer to:
* Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar (HARSAC), India
* North-Eastern Space Applications Centre, Meghalaya, India
* European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
# Skyscraper (1959 film)

Skyscraper is a 1959 documentary film by Shirley Clarke about the construction of the 666 Fifth Avenue skyscraper.

## Film

The construction of 666 Fifth Avenue skyscraper is shown. The film is mostly black and white. The film was sponsored by Tishman Realty & Construction Co.; Reynolds Metals Co.; Bethlehem Steel Co.; Westinghouse Elevator Co.; York Air Conditioning.

## Production and reception

Sky was a short film, and a documentary. It was considered experimental. As well as Clarke and Van Dyke contributing it also involved Wheaton Galentine and D. A. Pennebaker. Clarke said the film was a musical comedy regarding the skyscrapers construction.
It won the Venice Film Festival award. It was also nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Short Live Action category in 1959. It also won many other festival prizes.
# Spanish New Zealanders

Spanish New Zealanders refers to New Zealand citizens and residents of Spanish descent, or people who were born in Spain and emigrated to New Zealand. There are approximately 2,043 New Zealanders who are full or partial Spanish descent, most of whom reside within the major cities of Auckland and Wellington.
Immigration to New Zealand from Spain was minimal during the 1850s and 1860s resulting from the social disruption of the Carlist civil wars. Larger numbers of Spanish immigrants entered the country in the first quarter of the twentieth century due to the same circumstances of rural poverty and urban congestion that led other Europeans to emigrate in that period, as well as unpopular wars. Many immigrants either moved back to Spain or to another country. Spaniards married Latin Americans aside from European New Zealanders and Māori because of cultural proximity, and in 20th century, Spaniards and Latin Americans joined forces for cultural activities and to promote the teaching of Spanish in New Zealand.
# Speculative damages

Speculative damages are damages claimed by a plaintiff for losses that may occur in the future, but are highly improbable. They can not be used as a basis for recovery in tort or contract cases. Example: A plaintiff claims the tortfeasor's failure to deliver a shipment not only hurt his current sales, but also customer satisfaction and thus future sales as well.
There is, however, one way that speculative damages can be recovered. If the plaintiff can prove that the speculative damages are reasonably likely to occur, he can recover the damages up to the amount that is reasonably likely to occur. The damages do not have to be proven with absolute certainty, only reasonable certainty.
For example, if the aforementioned small business owner claims that the tortfeasor's claims hurt his customer satisfaction, and proved it by showing security camera footage of one of his most frequent customers being so upset over the business' inability to deliver the product that he ordered that he stormed out of the store and vowed to never come back, then the business owner might have something. However, he would only be able to collect on future sales for that one customer, as no other customer's future sales are "reasonably likely to occur."
Ballentine's Law Dictionary has been used to define Speculative Damages in court cases such as Hawkinson v Johnston and Murphy v Hobbs:
1. Damages not proved with reasonable certainty, the trier of the fact being left to speculate as to the actual damages suffered by the plaintiff.
2. Damages are not speculative merely because they cannot be computed with mathematical exactness, if under the evidence they are capable of reasonable approximation.
3. "So long as the jury are considering the material pecuniary injury, and the physical pain, their inquiry relates to what are termed actual damages; but when authorized by a vicious intent of the wrongdoer, they turn to the realm of mental anguish, public indignity, wounded sensibility, etc., the damages may more appropriately be described as presumptive, speculative, or imaginary."
# Sparganothina xanthozodion

Sparganothina xanthozodion is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
# Sparganothis azulispecca

Sparganothis azulispecca is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Alabama in the United States.
# Sparganothini

The Sparganothini are a tribe of tortrix moths.

## Genera

    Aesiocopa
    Amorbia
    Amorbimorpha
    Anchicremna
    Circanota
    Coelostathma
    Lambertiodes
    Niasoma
    paramorbia
    Paramorbia
    Rhynchophyllis
    Sparganocosma
    Sparganopseustis
    Sparganothina
    Sparganothis
    Sparganothoides
    †Spatalistiforma
    Syllonoma
    Synalocha
    Synnoma

## Unplaced species

* Capua arrecta Meyrick, 1917
# Sloboda (surname)

Sloboda is a Slovak surname. In Slavic languages the primary meaning of the word is "freedom", "liberty". As the surname it used to refer to "free men" (to distinguish them from "serfs"). The cognate surnames in other Slavic languages include Svoboda and Swoboda.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton Sloboda (born 1987), Slovak footballer
* John Sloboda (born 1950), British cognitive psychologist
* Karol Sloboda (born 1983), Slovak professional ice hockey player
* Martin Sloboda (born 1990), Slovak professional ice hockey player
* Radoslav Sloboda, Slovak professional ice hockey player
* Radovan Sloboda (ice hockey) (born 1982), Slovak professional ice hockey player
* Radovan Sloboda (politician) (born 1966), Slovak politician and sports administrator
* Roman Sloboda (born 1987), Slovak footballer
* Rudolf Sloboda (1938–1995), Slovak author
# Smith Glacier

Smith Glacier (75°05′S 112°00′W﻿ / ﻿75.083°S 112.000°W﻿ / -75.083; -112.000﻿ (Smith Glacier) is a low-gradient Antarctic glacier, over 160 km (100 mi) long, draining from Toney Mountain in an ENE direction to Amundsen Sea. A northern distributary, Kohler Glacier, drains to Dotson Ice Shelf but the main flow passes to the sea between Bear Peninsula and Mount Murphy, terminating at Crosson Ice Shelf.

## Location

The Smith Glacier originates on the north slopes of Toney Mountain, and flows northeast past the Kohler Range. The Kohler Glacier, a distributary, splits off from the Smith Glacier and flows north into the Maumee Ice Piedmont and the Dotson Ice Shelf to the west of the Bear Peninsula. The main Smith Glacier flows past the southeast of the Bear Peninsula, past the Davis Ice Rise, to the Amundsen Sea.

### Davis Ice Rise

74°56′S 110°18′W﻿ / ﻿74.933°S 110.300°W﻿ / -74.933; -110.300. An ice rise, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, near the terminus of Smith Glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) southeast of Mayo Peak, Bear Peninsulat. Mapped by USGS from USN aerial photographs taken 1966 and Landsat imagery taken 1972-73. Named by US-ACAN after Commander Arthur R. Davis, USN, Supply Officer, Operation Deep Freeze, 1975-76 and 1976-77.

## Mapping and name

The Smith Glacier was mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1959–65. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Philip M. Smith (Smith Bluffs), Deputy Director, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, who in the period 1956–71 participated in many expeditions to Antarctica in field and supervisory capacities.

## Glaciology

In 2001, Dr. Andrew Shepherd, a research fellow at the Center for Polar Observation and Modeling at University College London, said that Smith Glacier was losing mass quickly and contributing to the slow rise of the oceans. In 2011, Hamish Pritchard, a scientist with the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, UK, said that Smith Glacier was thinning at a rate of 27 feet per year.
In 2016, a study published in the journal Nature Communication, which relied on airborne radar measurements, found that melting of the ice shelves’ grounding zones between the years 2000 and 2009 removed between 984 and about 1,607 feet of solid ice beneath the Smith Glacier. The Smith Glacier lost more ice than any other glacier studied for the report. The researchers found that the Smith Glacier retreated by about 21 miles during the period from 1996 to 2011. The scientists concluded that the size of the retreat was partly a result of both the unique topography underneath the ice that allowed more ocean water to sneak in between the ice and the land below.
# United States Senate Committee on the Census

The United States Senate Select Committee on the Tenth Census was created in 1878. It continued to operate until 1887, when it became the United States Senate Committee on the Census. It was abolished in 1921. Issues related to the U.S. Census and the U.S. Census Bureau are now under the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

## Chairmen of the Select Committee on the Tenth Census, 1878–1887

* Justin S. Morrill (R-VT) 1878–1879
* George H. Pendleton (D-OH) 1879–1881
* Eugene Hale (R-ME) 1881–1887

## Chairmen of the Committee on the Census, 1887–1921

* Eugene Hale (R-ME) 1887–1893
* David Turpie (D-IN) 1893–1895
* William Chandler (R-NH) 1895–1897
* Thomas H. Carter (R-MT) 1897–1901
* Joseph V. Quarles (R-WI) 1901–1905
* Chester Long (R-KS) 1905–1909
* Robert M. La Follette (R-WI) 1909–1913
* William E. Chilton (D-WV) 1913–1916
* Morris Sheppard (D-TX) 1916–1919
* Howard Sutherland (R-WV) 1919–1921
# Stenygra setigera

Stenygra setigera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824.
# S90

S90 may refer to:

## Automobiles

* Daihatsu Zebra (S90), a pickup truck and van
* Honda Sport 90, a motorcycle
* Toyota Crown (S90), a sedan
* Volvo S90, an executive car

## Naval vessels

* HMS Torbay (S90), a submarine of the Royal Navy
* S90-class torpedo boat, of the Imperial German Navy
** SMS S90, the lead boat of the class

## Rail and transit

* S90 (Long Island bus)
* S90 (New York City bus) serving Staten Island
* S90 (TILO), a railway service in Switzerland

## Other uses

* Canon PowerShot S90 a digital camera
* Series 90 (software platform), for mobile phones
* SIPA S.90, a French trainer aircraft
* Yamaha S90, a synthesizer
# Stitch (textile arts)

In the textile arts, a stitch is a single turn or loop of thread, or yarn. Stitches are the fundamental elements of sewing, knitting, embroidery, crochet, and needle lace-making, whether by hand or machine. A variety of stitches, each with one or more names, are used for specific purposes.

## Sewing, embroidery, and lace

Examples include:
* Backstitch
* Overcast stitch
* Cross stitch
* Buttonhole or blanket stitch
* Chain stitch
* Knot stitch
These stitches and their variations are named according to the position of the needle and direction of sewing (running stitch, backstitch), the form or shape of the stitch (chain stitch, feather stitch) or the purpose of the stitch (tailor's tack, hem stitch).
Sewing machine stitches are classified by their structure:
* Chain stitch, made with one thread
* Lockstitch, made with two threads
* Overlock, made with one to five threads
* Coverstitch, made with two or four threads (a twine)
More advanced machine stitches mimic traditional hand stitches using variations on the basic stitches. Many of these stitches though found centuries ago, are still used today.

## Knitting

In knitting, a stitch is a single loop of yarn, secured to the loops beside it to form a row or course of stitches and to the loops above and below it to form a wale.
In securing the previous stitch in a wale, the next stitch can pass through the previous loop either from below or above. If the former, the stitch is denoted as a knit stitch or a plain stitch; if the latter, as a purl stitch. The two stitches are related in that a knit stitch seen from one side of the fabric appears as a purl stitch on the other side.

## Crochet

In crochet, stitches are made by pulling a loop of thread through the work with a crochet hook. Crochet stitches are named based on their structure. In the English-speaking crochet world, basic stitches have different names that vary by country. The differences are usually referred to as UK/US or British/American.
# Prunus × hillieri

Prunus × hillieri is the result of a cross between Prunus incisa (Fuji cherry) and Prunus sargentii (hill cherry). The most famous cultivar is 'Spire', which was developed from a sport discovered growing in Hillier and Sons nursery of Winchester. Growing to 10 m (33 ft), with at most a 7 m (23 ft) spread, 'Spire's columnar growth form and pink flowers make it quite useful in particular landscaping applications. It is regularly used as a street tree. In 1993 'Spire' won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Pierre Vidal (composer)

Pierre Daniel Vidal (27 April 1927 – 5 February 2010) was a French composer, organist, and musicologist.

## Biography

Born in Clichy, Vidal was an autodidact. At the age of 16, he had piano and organ lessons with Marcel Dupré for 4 years. Then he followed the lessons by Henri Challan in harmony at the Conservatoire de Paris. He read a lot of good books about classical music, especially those by Albert Schweitzer and Boris de Schloezer. He became a specialist by hearing the recordings of Wilhelm Furtwängler, Willem Mengelberg, Karl Münchinger and Helmut Walcha. He was at the concerts by Wanda Landowska and André Marchal. André Jorrand became one of his pupils. From 1946 to 1970, he was the organist of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville church. Following the advice of Michel Chapuis, he became an organ teacher at the Conservatoire de Strasbourg in 1967.
He died in Mersuay at the age of 82.

## Recordings

His recordings and his books follow the same line about organ music. The recordings are played in Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux in Paris, in Saint-Maximin in Thionville and in Saint-Andreas d'Hildesheim. A complete discography has been edited by Alain Carteyrade on France Orgue.

## Publications

* Bach et la machine orgue (1973) Stil.
* Bach, les Psaumes; Passions, images et structures dans l’œuvre d’orgue (1977) Stil.
* L'origine thématique de « L'Art de la fugue » (1984) La flûte de Pan.
* Musiciens d'Europe, directed by Paul-Gilbert Langevin, la Revue Musicale, Paris, 1986 (contribution).
# Wilfreda Beehive

Wilfreda Beehive is a bus and coach operator based in Adwick-le-Street, Doncaster.

## History

Wilfreda Luxury Coaches was formed in 1949 by Bill and Marie Scholey. They took the name from a coach they bought from Wilfred Graham, a taxi operator in Doncaster who named his daughter Wilfreda and then named a coach after her.
At first, the company operated coach services from a depot at Ranskill, near Bawtry. In 1987 it acquired the Adwick-le-Street business of E.A. Hart trading as Beehive Services, becoming Wilfreda Beehive, growing its fleet from nine to 23 coaches. Between 1993 and 1998 it operated many bus services, but sold them and its service buses to Mainline Group just before the latter was absorbed by First South Yorkshire in 1998.
In 2001 Wilfreda began operating service buses again. It operates a mixed fleet ranging from modern high quality coaches to old double-deckers. Many of its routes are school services or South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive contracts, a large number of which have been won from other operators in recent years. However, it more recently has restarted operating competitive commercial services, such as the 52. In 2006, the company took over Eagre Coaches, Gainsborough which runs many coach tours and holidays.
In 2012 the company stopped all bus services
As of 2023, the company remains in family ownership, managed by the founders' grandson Peter Scholey.

## Fleet

As at October 2013 the fleet consisted of 40 buses and coaches.
# Analyta calligrammalis

Analyta calligrammalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ghana, Madagascar, Seychelles as well as in Cameroon, The Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Mali.
Its wingspan is 24–26 mm.
The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ficus species.
# St Julien's Church, Southampton

St. Julien's Church on Winkle Street in Southampton was the chapel of the Hospital of St. Julien or God's House which was founded c. 1197 as an almshouse and hostel for travellers on pilgrimage to Canterbury. It was used regularly by French Protestants from the 16th century until 1939 and is thus also known as the French Church. The church is sometimes referred to as "St Julian's" but Southampton City Council's Heritage Environment Record clarifies that "St Julien's" is the correct spelling, which is also used on Ordnance Survey maps.
Ownership of the church was transferred to The Queen's College, Oxford, which still owns it, in 1343.
The building is Grade I listed, having first been listed on 14 July 1953. The building was extensively restored in 1861 and consists of a stone rubble exterior and tiled roof, with a low square tower. Inside the church is the Leper's Squint Stoup Monument commemorating those that were executed in the Southampton Plot of 1415, although the monument itself is thought to date from the 19th century.
The chapel is privately owned, with only occasional public access on open days and guided walks run by the city's official tourist guides.

## Burials

Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge is buried at the church.
# Slover

Slover is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Isaac Slover (1780–1854), American fur trader
* Karl Slover (1918–2011), Slovakian-born American actor
* Tim Slover, American playwright and professor of theatre studies