OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg

Rudolf III (c. 1378 – 11 June 1419), a member of the House of Ascania, was Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and Elector of Saxony from 1388 until his death.

## Life

He was probably born at the Saxon Wittenberg residence, the eldest son of Duke Wenceslaus I of Saxe-Wittenberg and his wife Cecilia, daughter of Francesco I da Carrara, Lord of Padua.
Rudolf III took up government after his father's sudden death on 15 May 1388. Rudolf was involved in a long-running dispute with the Archbishopric of Magdeburg. He donated numerous gifts to the Wittenberg All Saints' Church.
Like his father, Rudolf was a loyal supporter of the Imperial House of Luxembourg. In 1419, Emperor Sigismund sent him to Bohemia, in order to quash the Hussite uprising that had begun with the Defenestration of Prague. He died on his way there, probably after being poisoned.
Rudolf was buried in the Franciscan monastery in Wittenberg. His coffin was moved to the crypt of the Wittenberg All Saints' Church in the 19th century, and to the family grave during the Second World War. As he had outlived his male heirs, he was succeeded by his younger brother Albert III.

## Marriage and issue

About 1387/89 Rudolf married with Anna of Meissen (d. 4 July 1395), a daughter of the Wettin landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia and secondly in March 1396 with Barbara (d. 17 May 1435), daughter of the Piast duke Rupert I of Legnica.
He had five children:
* Scholastica (1393–1463), married Duke Jan I of Żagań
* Rudolph (d. 1406),
* Wenceslas (d. 1407),
* Siegmund (d. 1407),
* Barbara (1405–1465), married Margrave John of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg :
# Rudolf II, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg

Margrave Rudolf II of Hachberg-Sausenberg (medieval: Rudolf II of Hachberg-Susenberg) (1301–1352) was the son of Margrave Rudolf I of Hachberg-Sausenberg and his wife Agnes, the heiress of Otto of Rötteln. After their elder brother Henry died in 1318, Rudolf II and his younger brother Otto I took up government in Rötteln and Sausenberg. They moved their seat of government from Sausenburg Castle to Rötteln Castle. In the fall of 1332, troops from the City of Basel besieged Rötteln Castle, because one of the brothers had stabbed the mayor of Basel. The conflict was settled after mediation by the nobility of the city and the margraviate.

## Marriage and issue

Rudolf II was married to Catherine, the daughter of Ulrich of Thierstein. Two children are documented:
* Rudolf III (1343–1428), his successor
* Agnes (d. around 1405), married Baron Burkhard II of Buchegg (d. after 10 June 1365)
# Rudolf II, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Rudolf II, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 14 February 1295) was the second son of Margrave Rudolf I and his wife Kunigunde of Eberstein. Until his father's death, he was known as Rudolf the Younger; after his father's death, he was known as Rudolf the Elder, to distinguish him from his youngest brother.
Rudolf II married Adelaide of Ochsenstein, who was the widow of a Count of Strassberg. She had a son and two daughters from her first marriage. Her daughter Gerrtud married Rudolf's youngest brother Rudolph III.
# Splendid Geyser

Splendid Geyser is a geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Splendid Geyser is part of the Daisy Group. Its eruptions are infrequent and unpredictable, unless it is active. When it does erupt, its fountain can reach a height of 200 feet (60 m). Eruptions are more likely if a storm front reduces barometric pressure and lowers the boiling point of water around the geyser. Splendid's eruptions are very rare with intervals between eruptions lasting decades. In the early to mid 1970s, the geyser was very active. Splendid came alive again in 1992. Splendid Geyser was last active in 1998. Eruptions last between 1 and 9 minutes.
Splendid Geyser is closely linked to Daisy Geyser. Most often, when Daisy is active, Splendid is inactive. In times when Daisy goes dormant, Splendid becomes very active. In rare occasions, both geysers will be active at the same time, leading to a "dual eruption". During a concert (dual) eruption Daisy and Splendid are both much stronger than usual. Then Splendid erupts to about 250 feet, The dual eruptions last from 30 to 120 minutes.
Splendid Geyser has not erupted since May 13, 1998.
# Odites actuosa

Odites actuosa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in southern India.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous with a black dot on the base of the costa, and one at the base in the middle. The stigmata are black, the plical elongate, somewhat beyond the first discal. There is a series of black dots around the termen. The hindwings are light grey.
# Wurtz–Fittig reaction

The Wurtz–Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aryl halide, alkyl halides, and sodium metal to give substituted aromatic compounds. Following the work of Charles Adolphe Wurtz on the sodium-induced coupling of alkyl halides (the Wurtz reaction), Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig extended the approach to the coupling of an alkyl halide with an aryl halide. This modification of the Wurtz reaction is considered a separate process and is named for both scientists.
The reaction works best for forming asymmetrical products if the halide reactants are somehow separate in their relative chemical reactivities. One way to accomplish this is to form the reactants with halogens of different periods. Typically the alkyl halide is made more reactive than the aryl halide, increasing the probability that the alkyl halide will form the organosodium bond first and thus act more effectively as a nucleophile toward the aryl halide. Typically the reaction is used for the alkylation of aryl halides. With the use of ultrasound sodium reacts with some aryl halides to produce biphenyl compounds.

## Mechanism

The mechanism of the Wurtz–Fittig reaction has not been the subject of modern investigations. The process was once proposed to involve the combination of an alkyl and aryl radicals. Another mechanistic proposal invoked the generation of organosodium intermediates. The reaction of sodium and chlorobenzene produces triphenylene, which supports a role for radicals. A role for organosodium compounds is supported by indirect evidence. For example, addition of carbon dioxide to a mixture of sodium and isobutyl bromide results in the formation of 3-methylbutanoic acid after acid workup.

## Use of other metals

The Wurtz–Fittig reaction can be conducted using metals other than sodium. Some examples include potassium, iron, copper, and lithium. When lithium is used, the reaction occurs with appreciable yield only under ultrasound. Ultrasound is known to cleave halogen atoms from aryl and alkyl halides through a free-radical mechanism

## Applications

The Wurtz–Fittig reaction has limited applicability, because it is plagued by side reactions including rearrangements and eliminations. The reaction has been applied to the laboratory synthesis of some organosilicon compounds. One example is the conversion of tetraethyl orthosilicate to the mono-tert-butoxy derivative in 40% yield as summarized in this idealized equation:
    Si(OC$_2$H$_5$)$_4$ + 2 Na + (CH$_3$)$_3$CCl → Si(OC$_2$H$_5$)$_3$OC(CH$_3$)$_3$ + NaCl + C$_2$H$_5$ONa
Molten sodium was used.
Other organosilicon compounds synthesized using the Wurtz–Fittig reaction include silylated calixarenes and vinylsilanes.
# Alenius

Alenius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ele Alenius (1925–2022), Finnish politician
* Inga Ålenius (1938–2017), Swedish actress
* Roberta Alenius (born 1978), Swedish jurist and politician
# Pennsylvania State Association

The Pennsylvania State Association was a class D level league of minor league baseball that existed from 1934 until 1942. The league franchised were entirely based in Western Pennsylvania.

## History

The Pennsylvania State Association was composed mostly of major league affiliate teams. During the nine-year run of the league there were eleven cities, all from Pennsylvania, that represented the league. Elmer M. Daily served as president of the league the full nine years of its existence. The Butler Yankees won five of the league's nine championships, winning back-to-back titles in 1937 and 1938 and winning the final three titles for the league in 1940, 1941 and 1942. There were at least sixteen known players from the league who managed to make it to the majors. Also, in the league, there were some twenty-one team managers who had been affiliated with a major league team, during their baseball careers. The Pennsylvania State Association did not restart after World War II and it has been dormant since that time.

## Cities represented

* Beaver Falls, PA: Beaver Falls Bees 1937; Beaver Falls Browns 1938; Beaver Falls Bees 1939; Beaver Falls Browns 1940; Beaver Falls Bees 1941
* Butler, PA: Butler Indians 1935; Butler Yankees 1936–1942
* Charleroi, PA: Charleroi Tigers 1934–1936
* Greensburg, PA: Greensburg Trojans 1934; Greensburg Red Wings 1935–1936; Greensburg Green Sox 1937–1938; Greensburg Senators 1939
* Jeannette, PA: Jeannette Reds 1934; Jeannette Little Pirates 1936; Jeannette Bisons 1937
* Johnstown, PA: Johnstown Johnnies 1939–1942
* McKeesport, PA: McKeesport Tubers 1934; McKeesport Braves 1935; McKeesport Tubers 1936–1937; McKeesport Tubers 1938; McKeesport Little Pirates 1939; McKeesport Little Braves 1940
* Monessen, PA: Monessen Indians 1934; Monessen Reds 1935; Monessen Indians 1936; Monessen Cardinals 1937
* Oil City, PA: Oil City Oilers 1940–1942
* Warren, PA: Warren Redskins 1940; Warren Buckeyes 1941
* Washington, PA: Washington Generals 1934–1935; Washington Red Birds 1939–1942

## League champions

* 1934 - Greensburg Trojans
* 1935 - Monessen Reds
* 1936 - Jeannette Little Pirates
* 1937 - Butler Yankees
* 1938 - Butler Yankees - 2
* 1939 - Washington Red Birds
* 1940 - Butler Yankees - 3
* 1941 - Butler Yankees - 4
* 1942 - Butler Yankees - 5
vteProfessional baseball leagues :
# Antidesma tomentosum

Antidesma tomentosum is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is native to Borneo, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, the Nicobar Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra and Thailand.
# Rácovice

Rácovice is a municipality and village in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Rácovice lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of Třebíč, 43 km (27 mi) south of Jihlava, and 150 km (93 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Pascucci

Pascucci may refer to:
* Pascucci (surname)
* Caffè Pascucci
# Paul Shoults

Paul Shoults (October 9, 1925 – August 20, 2011) was an American football halfback. He played for the New York Bulldogs in 1949.
He died on August 20, 2011, in Granger, Indiana at age 85.
# Pauleta (disambiguation)

Pauleta (born 1973) is a Portuguese footballer.
Pauleta may also refer to:
* Pauleta (footballer, born 1997) (Paula Domínguez Encinas), Spanish women's footballer
* Pauleta (footballer, born 1998) (Paula Sancho Gutiérrez), Spanish women's footballer
* Pauleta (futsal player) (Paulo César Vaz Mendes, born 1994), Portuguese futsal player
# Wyke Regis railway station

Wyke Regis Halt was a small railway station on the Portland Branch Railway in the west of the English county of Dorset.
The line through the station site was opened on 16 October 1865 when the Weymouth and Portland Railway opened the mixed gauge line between the towns in its name, the line was leased jointly to the Great Western Railway and the London and South Western Railway.
Opened in July 1909, it was part of a scheme that saw several halts opened on the GWR with services provided by Railmotors to counter road competition.
The halt was reached by a footpath from Ferrybridge cottages, off Portland Road.
The station closed with the branch in 1952.

## The site today

The former trackbed of the line is a popular walk called the Rodwell Trail, and the platform is still there in a shallow cutting.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Sandsfoot Castle Halt Line and station closed | GWR and LSWR Portland Branch Railway | Portland Line and station closed |
# Wykebeck

53°48′07″N 1°29′06″W﻿ / ﻿53.802°N 1.485°W﻿ / 53.802; -1.485
Wykebeck is an area of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England named after the Wyke Beck and situated between Gipton and Seacroft along Wykebeck Road. The area falls within the Gipton and Harehills ward of the Leeds City Council. The area is seldom referred to, instead people usually perceive Gipton to be West of the beck and Seacroft to be East of it. The area consists of several blocks of highrise council flats to the south.
Wykebeck Valley Road runs through the area, from York Road (A64) to Foundry Lane. Wykebeck Valley walking way passes to the north of the area.

## Schools

Wykebeck Primary School is on Brander Street.
# Pavel Spongopaeus Jistebnický

Pavel Spongopaeus Jistebnický (1550-1560 in Jistebnice u Tábora – 1619 in Kutná Hora) was a Czech composer of the Renaissance and early Baroque era. He worked as a teacher all his life. He took several different posts and in 1598, at the latest, he permanently settled in Kutná Hora, where he worked as an administrator of the school and also as an elder of the Latin literary choir at St. James Church. He is counted among the most prolific Czech composers of his time. Today we know 60 of his compositions. Only the four-voice composition Králi nad králi, Pane has been preserved complete in Prachatice. As for all the other compositions (extensive six to eight-voice mass cycles), too few voice parts have been preserved to get an idea of the character and quality of his music.
# Pavel Sorokin

Pavel Sorokin may refer to:
* Pavel Sorokin (painter) (1836/39 – 1886), Russian painter
* Pavel Sorokin (conductor) (born 1963), Russian conductor
# Paul Schäfer (politician)

Paul Schäfer (born 18 January 1949 in Mainz) is a German politician and diplomat. In 1978 he received a diploma in sociology. From 1983 to 1990 he was editor of the magazine Wissenschaft und Frieden ('Science and Peace').

## Political life

He is the deputy for Die Linkspartei. From 1970 to 1988 he was a member of the DKP, then from 1993 to 1999 he was a member of the SPD. In 2000 he joined the PDS (now 'Die Linkspartei'). He has been regional chairman for the party in North Rhine-Westphalia since May 2003, and a member of the party's executive committee since October 2004. In the 2005 federal election he was elected to the Bundestag on the party list for North Rhine-Westphalia.
# XDH assumption

The external Diffie–Hellman (XDH) assumption is a computational hardness assumption used in elliptic curve cryptography. The XDH assumption holds if there exist certain subgroups of elliptic curves which have useful properties for cryptography. Specifically, XDH implies the existence of two distinct groups $\langle {\mathbb {G} }_{1},{\mathbb {G} }_{2}\rangle$ with the following properties:
* The discrete logarithm problem (DLP), the computational Diffie–Hellman problem (CDH), and the computational co-Diffie–Hellman problem are all intractable in ${\mathbb {G} }_{1}$ and ${\mathbb {G} }_{2}$.
* There exists an efficiently computable bilinear map (pairing) $e(\cdot ,\cdot ):{\mathbb {G} }_{1}\times {\mathbb {G} }_{2}\rightarrow {\mathbb {G} }_{T}$.
* The decisional Diffie–Hellman problem (DDH) is intractable in ${\mathbb {G} }_{1}$.
The above formulation is referred to as asymmetric XDH. A stronger version of the assumption (symmetric XDH, or SXDH) holds if DDH is also intractable in ${\mathbb {G} }_{2}$.
The XDH assumption is used in some pairing-based cryptographic protocols. In certain elliptic curve subgroups, the existence of an efficiently-computable bilinear map (pairing) can allow for practical solutions to the DDH problem. These groups, referred to as gap Diffie–Hellman (GDH) groups, facilitate a variety of novel cryptographic protocols, including tri-partite key exchange, identity based encryption, and secret handshakes (to name a few). However, the ease of computing DDH within a GDH group can also be an obstacle when constructing cryptosystems; for example, it is not possible to use DDH-based cryptosystems such as ElGamal within a GDH group. Because the DDH assumption holds within at least one of a pair of XDH groups, these groups can be used to construct pairing-based protocols which allow for ElGamal-style encryption and other novel cryptographic techniques.
In practice, it is believed that the XDH assumption may hold in certain subgroups of MNT elliptic curves. This notion was first proposed by Scott (2002), and later by Boneh, Boyen and Shacham (2002) as a means to improve the efficiency of a signature scheme. The assumption was formally defined by Ballard, Green, de Medeiros and Monrose (2005), and full details of a proposed implementation were advanced in that work. Evidence for the validity of this assumption is the proof by Verheul (2001) and Galbraith and Rotger (2004) of the non-existence of distortion maps in two specific elliptic curve subgroups which possess an efficiently computable pairing. As pairings and distortion maps are currently the only known means to solve the DDH problem in elliptic curve groups, it is believed that the DDH assumption therefore holds in these subgroups, while pairings are still feasible between elements in distinct groups.
# XDI

XDI (eXtensible Data Interchange) is a semantic data interchange format and protocol under development by the OASIS XDI Technical Committee. The name comes from the addressable graph model XDI uses: every node in the XDI graph is its own RDF graph that is uniquely addressable.

## Background

The main features of XDI are: the ability to link and nest RDF graphs to provide context; full addressability of all nodes in the graph at any level of context; representation of XDI operations as graph statements so authorization can be built into the graph; a standard JSON serialization format; and a simple ontology language for defining shared semantics using XDI dictionary services.
The XDI protocol is based on an exchange of XDI messages which themselves are XDI graphs. Since the semantics of each message is fully contained within the XDI graph of that message, the XDI protocol can be bound to multiple transport protocols. The XDI TC is defining bindings to HTTP and HTTPS, however it is also exploring bindings to XMPP and potentially directly to TCP/IP.
XDI also provides a standardized portable authorization format called XDI link contracts. Link contracts are XDI subgraphs that express the permissions that one XDI actor (person, organization, or thing) grants to another for access to and usage of an XDI data graph. XDI link contracts enable these permissions to be expressed in a standard machine-readable format understood by any XDI endpoint.
This approach to globally distributed data sharing models the real-world mechanisms of social contracts and legal contracts that bind civilized people and organizations in the world today. Thus XDI can be a key enabler of a distributed Social Web. It has also been cited as a mechanism to support a new legal concept, Virtual Rights, which are based on a new legal entity, the "virtual identity", and a new fundamental right: "to have or not to have virtual identities".
Public services based on the OASIS XDI specification are under development by an international non-profit organization, XDI.org Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine.
# XHSILL-FM

XHSILL-FM is a community radio station on 106.7 FM in Hermosillo, Sonora, known as Política y Rock'n'roll Radio.

## History

Política y Rock'n'roll Radio originated from a program that ran on XHCD-FM 95.5 until 2011 and began operations as an unlicensed station on 97.7 MHz in June 2012. On March 25, 2014, the station's equipment was confiscated.
In order to broadcast legally, the operators of the station formed a civil association, Autogestión Comunicativa, A.C., and began working to obtain a permit. However, the Federal Broadcasting and Telecommunications Law, promulgated in July 2014, replaced permits with two types of concessions: public use, for stations owned by local, state and federal governments and public universities, and social use, for all other noncommercial stations. Two further subdivisions were established in the social use category, community and indigenous.
When Autogestión Comunicativa was awarded its social community concession by the IFT in November 2015, it was the first time that such a concession had been awarded, enshrining community radio stations in Mexican law; the concession was received in February 2016. The new station, broadcasting as XHSILL-FM on 106.7 MHz, was also the first social station assigned to the new reserved band (106-108 MHz) set aside for broadcasters of this type.
While it was the first new social community radio station (with a federal concession) on air, with testing beginning in July 2016, XHSILL was not the first social community radio station to operate. In April 2016, the IFT transitioned the existing permit of XEYTM-AM, an operating radio station in Teocelo, Veracruz, to a social community concession.
# XHSIAC-FM

XHSIAC-FM is a community radio station on 97.5 FM owned by the indigenous community of Xalitla, Guerrero, a town in the municipality of Tepecoacuilco de Trujano.

## History

Broadcasts began in 2015 as a pirate station. The Indigenous Community of Xalitla, Guerrero filed for an indigenous station on May 12, 2017. The station award was approved on December 12, 2018. Upon receiving the concession on February 26, 2019, the newly-named XHSIAC moved from its pirate frequency of 91.3 MHz to 97.5.
# Wyrm

Wyrm may refer to:

## Folklore

* Germanic dragon, a creature from which the modern word originated
* Dragon
* Sea serpent

## Media

* Wyrms (comics), a six-issue comic book mini-series by Orson Scott Card and Jake Black
* Wyrm (film), a 2020 American comedy film
* Wyrms (novel), a 1987 science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card
* Wyrm (TMNT), a mutated garbageman in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
* Wyrm (World of Darkness), the bringer of the apocalypse in the role-playing game Werewolf: The Apocalypse
* Former callsign of Norfolk, Virginia radio station WTJZ