OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quetton St. George

Laurent Quetton St. George (born Laurent Quet; 4 June 1771 – 8 June 1821) was a French Royalist military officer who became a merchant and landowner in Upper Canada.

## Early years in France

Born in Vérargues near Montpellier, France, he was forced into exile by the French Revolution that led to the fall of the king of France.
He initially settled in the Rhineland and then joined the Légion de Béon around 1794–1795. He subsequently marched with the Royalist army to Brittany in 1796.

## Settling in Upper Canada

He then acquired land offered to French Royalists in Upper Canada and arrived via Quebec in 1798. He was led by Joseph-Geneviève de Puisaye to land located in Windham, where his son Henri would live in his later years.
He spent time as a fur trader with natives around Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching before becoming a merchant in 1802 at York, Upper Canada (now Toronto). He worked with the British Army and English-speakers associated in Upper Canada. He formed a friendship with John Spread Baldwin and William Warren Baldwin, but his imperfect English meant he did not form a close bond with others in Upper Canada.
His home in York (at the northeast corner of King and Frederick streets) was designed by William Baldwin and built from 1807 to 1810. The house was the first brick residence in the town, and it was later owned by the Baldwin family before being demolished in 1901.
Despite working in the New World, his family returned to France, leaving him alone in Canada. In 1815, he travelled to France and England, and he remained in Europe until his death in 1821.
In 1819, he married Adèle de Barbeyrac in France, who gave birth to their son Henri. He previously had a son and daughter by Marguerite Vallière in Upper Canada.

## Henri Quetton de St. George

His son Henri Quetton de St. George (c. 1822–1896) was not born in Canada, but would arrive after his father's death to Canada and died in 1896 at Richmond Hill, Ontario. The younger Quetton would remain in Canada (other than a brief time in the brewing business at Oswego, New York), including the founding of Washago, Ontario, establishing a lumber business (Quetton St. George and Co.), and becoming a wine merchant in Toronto.
Quetton's wife and daughter would not remain in Canada. His daughter, Madeleine St. George, returned to France to work at an orphanage in Paris and died there in 1914, and his wife left for France without him. Quetton died in Canada in 1896 and is buried at Temperanceville United Church in Richmond Hill.

## Legacy

* St. George Street in Toronto is believed to be named for him, and St. George station as well as the U of T St. George campus are named after the street.
* Lake St. George (Ontario) is named for his son Henri, whose estate (built in the 1850s and burned down in 1908) was located next to the kettle lake.
# Snuggy (disambiguation)

Snuggy may refer to:
* Wedgie
* The SNUGGIE® brand sleeved blanket made by Allstar Marketing Group, Inc.
* Snuggy (Pillow Pal), Pillow Pal bear made by Ty, Inc.
* Baby sling
# Calvin Tang

Calvin Tang is the founder of social news media web site Newsvine.com, located in Seattle, Washington. Newsvine, Inc. was acquired by NBCNews.com in 2007, for an undisclosed sum. Following the acquisition, Newsvine eventually came to power many of the interactive and social features across the NBC News Digital Network, including the web properties of brands such as NBC Nightly News, TODAY Show, The Rachel Maddow Show and others. Tang served as Chief Operating Officer of Newsvine from 2005 to 2010.

## Background

Tang graduated in 2000 from Seattle University with a Bachelor of Science degree with emphasis in Premedical Sciences. He is an underwater photographer, and formerly served as a photojournalist and contributing writer for a Bangkok-based magazine, Untamed Travel. Tang has been involved in a number of business ventures relating to real estate development, news media, technology, sourcing and manufacturing, mobile payments, entertainment and hospitality. Tang was certified by the Northwest Avalanche Institute as a helicopter ski guide, is a divemaster, technical closed circuit rebreather diver, and was once internationally recognized as a professional DJ.
During the second half of 2010, Tang launched AtlasOmega, an online magazine that features stories about modern day exploration, adventure travel and photography. He also publishes a hyper-local photography blog, Three Blocks, which pertains to the Pike Place Market and Belltown neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington. In 2013, Tang began publishing his photography-related work to a portfolio-style website, Tangfish.com.
Tang is the founder and operator of Northwest Dive Club, an organization that serves several thousand members. The members are primarily located in Washington State, Oregon, and Alaska, and range from being recreational SCUBA diving enthusiasts to professional divers and dive industry business operators. Tang is also a contributor to and supporter of the Raja Ampat Sea Centre, a conservation initiative whose mission it is to protect and conserve the pristine nature and marine biodiversity that exists within Raja Ampat, a region in the heart of the Coral Triangle.
Tang is also the managing member of Tang Holdings, LLC, a firm with diversified assets in real estate, technology, alternative energy, and other investments. He is also a member of the Bellevue Business Roundtable (an organization with ties to the original business owners of the City of Bellevue, WA) and the Asian American Journalists Association.
# R. Kandaswami

R. Kandaswami was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Tiruchengode constituency in 1957 election. He was one of the two winners, the other being T. M. Kaliannan from the same party.
# Snuka

Snuka is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Snuka Boy (born 1974), Japanese professional wrestler, known as Gentaro
* Jimmy Snuka, Jr. (born 1971), American professional wrestler
* Jimmy Snuka (1943–2017), Fijian professional wrestler and actor
* Tamina Snuka (born 1978), American professional wrestler and actress
* Terry Snuka (born 1964), American professional wrestler, known as Sabu
# Poisoned Minds: The Paris Concert

Poisoned Minds: The Paris Concert is a live album by saxophonist Tim Berne's Bloodcount and second volume of the series which was recorded in 1994 and released on the JMT label.

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Dave Lynch said "Poisoned Minds is for serious listeners without attenuated attention spans, a somewhat radical concept in itself. Yet aside from the lengths of the pieces, many elements of the music are not particularly radical despite Berne's avant-garde rep -- melody, rhythm, and theme are all important to the saxophonist, and the innovation comes from the way he manipulates structure, fitting the pieces of the puzzle together in unpredictable ways".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Tim Berne
* "The Other" - 27:35
* "What Are the Odds? Speed/J.B.'s Stove/A Slight Discrepancy in the Figures" - 41:28

## Personnel

* Tim Berne - alto saxophone, baritone saxophone
* Chris Speed - tenor saxophone, clarinet
* Marc Ducret - electric guitar
* Michael Formanek - contrabass
* Jim Black - drums
# R. Kanagasabai Pillai

R. Kanagasabai Pillai was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Chidambaram constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1957 and 1962 elections.
He also served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Chidambaram constituency in the 1967 election.
# Spike potential

Spike potentials are one of the action potentials, which occur in electrical activity of smooth muscle contraction in animals.
These are true action potentials.

## Examples

In the human gut they occur automatically when the resting membrane potential of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle becomes more positive than about -40 millivolts (the normal resting membrane potential in the smooth muscle fibers of the gut is between -50 and -60 millivolts). The spike potentials last 10 to 40 times as long in gastrointestinal muscle as the action potentials in large nerve fibers, each gastrointestinal spike lasting as long as 10 to 20 milliseconds. Conduction of nerve impulse, depolarization is the first stage of conduction. It occurs when the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium increases past a threshold. In the resting state, the interior of the nerve fiber is negative to the exterior by approximately 70 to 90 millivolts. During cortical reaction in fertilisationof sperm with secondary oocyte spike potential reaches above +30 mv (millivolts). This causes opening of voltage gated Ca2+ channels.
# Toshiko Higashikuni

Toshiko Higashikuni (東久邇 聡子, Higashikuni Toshiko), born Toshiko, Princess Yasu (泰宮聡子内親王, Yasu-no-miya Toshiko Naishinnō, 11 May 1896 – 5 March 1978), was the fourteenth child and ninth daughter of Emperor Meiji of Japan, and the seventh child and fifth daughter of Sono Sachiko, the Emperor's fifth concubine.

## Biography

Toshiko was born in Japan, the daughter of Emperor Meiji and Lady Sachiko. She held the childhood appellation "Yasu no miya" (Princess Yasu).
She married Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni on 18 May 1915. Emperor Meiji granted Prince Naruhiko the title Higashikuni-no-miya and permission to start a new branch of the imperial family before their marriage on 3 November 1906. The couple had four sons:
* Prince Morihiro (盛厚王, Morohiro Ō, 6 May 1917 – 1 February 1969); married his first cousin Shigeko, Princess Teru, the eldest daughter of Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun.
* Prince Moromasa (師正王, Moromasa Ō, 3 November 1918 – 1 September 1923); died in the Great Kantō earthquake.
* Prince Akitsune (彰常王, Akitsune Ō, 13 May 1920 – 30 August 2006); renounced imperial title and created Marquis Awata Akitsune, 1940
* Prince Toshihiko (俊彦王, Toshihiko Ō, 24 March 1929 – 15 April 2015); relocated to Lins, São Paulo, Brazil, 1950 after being adopted and becoming the heir to Kinu, widow of Tetsusuke Tarama.
In October 1947, the Higashikuni and the other branches of the Imperial Family other than patrilineal descendants of Emperor Taishō were divested of their titles and privileges during the Allied occupation of Japan and became commoners. Toshiko died on 5 March 1978, aged 81. She was the last surviving child of Emperor Meiji.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Toshiko Higashikuni :
# William Weightman III

William Walker Weightman (February 4, 1895 – June 13, 1965), who styled himself as William Weightman III, was an American bigamist who was the great-grandson of tycoon William Weightman, one of the richest men in American history. Weightman's arrest, conviction, and subsequent suicide attempt were the subject of considerable attention.
When William Weightman died in 1904 leaving a $30 million estate, his heirs launched a legal battle over who would inherit it. Weightman III eventually received $750,000 (equivalent to $25,433,000 in 2023). He was occasionally a racing driver.
In 1925, he was convicted of bigamy and sentenced to two years in prison.
On July 10, 1926, he was sent back to Auburn Prison by a grand jury in Vineland, New Jersey.
When his second wife left him, Weightman attempted to commit suicide with a pistol on November 10, 1926.
# Westfriedhof

Westfriedhof, which in German means "west(ern) cemetery", can refer to:
* Westfriedhof (Munich)
** Westfriedhof (Munich U-Bahn), U-Bahn station in Munich named after the cemetery
* Westfriedhof (Cologne)
# Ray McHale

Raymond McHale (born 12 August 1950) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. McHale began his career with Chesterfield before moving to Halifax Town. He later played the Football League for Swindon Town, Brighton & Hove Albion, Barnsley, Sheffield United, Swansea City, Bury, Rochdale and Scarborough. making 599 appearances and scoring 87 goals. He had two spells as manager of Scarborough in the Football League.
# Podolepis aristata

Podolepis aristata is a herb in the Asteraceae family, which is found in Western Australia, and all mainland states and territories of Australia.
It was first described in 1837 by George Bentham, from a specimen collected on the Swan River, in Western Australia.
# Soghomon

Soghomon is an Armenian given name and may refer to:
* Soghomon Tehlirian, the man who killed Talaat Pasha
* Komitas (Soghomon Gevorkevich Soghomonyan)
# Torniella

Torniella is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Roccastrada, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 323.
Torniella is about 46 km from Grosseto and 10 km from Roccastrada, and it is situated in the heart of La Pietra and Farma nature reserves.

## Main sights

* San Giovanni Battista (14th century), main parish church of the village.
* Church of Immacolata Concezione, or Santi Fabiano e Sebastiano (17th century).
* Walls of Torniella, old fortifications which surround the village since 11th century.
# SVL

SVL may refer to:
* SVL, IATA code for Savonlinna Airport
* Scientific Vector Language
* Lobaev Sniper Rifle, (Snaj'perskaj'a Vintovka Lobaj'eva in Russian)
* SVL, an experimental turbojet train
* Union of Clothing Workers, a former trade union in Finland
* Snout–vent length, a measurement in herpetology.
* Saginaw Valley League, a high school athletics conference in Michigan
* Sport Vereniging Langbroek, a multi-sports club in Langbroek, Netherlands.
# Stacey Lee (film director)

Stacey Lee is a documentary film director from New Zealand.

## Biography

Lee began her career in advertising, working for Saatchi & Saatchi in New Zealand from 2002 to 2007, then for advertising agencies 180 Amsterdam and Mother New York. In 2006, she was ranked 9th equal in the world at the YoungGuns International Awards. While working with athletes in Amsterdam for an Adidas campaign, she moved into film-making. Her films have appeared at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival and the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival.

### Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Awards/nominations | Notes |
| 2010 | One Fire Ignites Another | Director | | |
| 2015 | Live Fast, Draw Yung | Co-director (with Anthony Mathile) and producer | Winner, Best Documentary Short – 2015 Tacoma Film Festival | |
| 2019 | Underplayed | Director | | |
| 2022 | OLIVIA RODRIGO: driving home 2 u | Director | Winner, Best Music Documentary - 2022 MTV Movie & TV Awards | [9] [10] |
# Stál-úlfur

Íþróttafélagið Stál-úlfur is a multi-sports club in Kópavogur, Iceland. They are currently field men's teams in basketball, volleyball and football. The club was founded in 2010 by Lithuanian immigrants in Iceland.

## Basketball
### Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Mantas Mockevičius

## Volleyball

In the 2022–2023 season, Stál-úlfur fielded a team in the top-tier Úrvalsdeild karla.
# Upper Centennial Parkway (Hamilton, Ontario)

Upper Centennial Parkway is a mountain-access road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Also known as Hamilton Highway 20, the road begins at its north end at Centennial Parkway in the Lower City of Hamilton beside Battlefield Park, and extends south up the Niagara Escarpment and southward across the mountain where it ends at Rymal Road. It is a two-way street throughout. South of Rymal Road, it continues as Regional Road 56.
It is named Upper Centennial Parkway because it is in alignment with Centennial Parkway in Lower City Hamilton.

## Landmarks

Note: Listing of landmarks from North to South.
* Battlefield Park
* Canadian Pacific railway line
* Bruce Trail
* Niagara Escarpment

## Communities

Note: Listing of neighbourhoods from North to South.
* Gershome
* Heritage Green
* Leckie Park
* Elfrida

## Roads that cross Upper Centennial Parkway

Note: Listing of streets from North to South.
* Green Mountain Road, West/East
* Mud Street, West/East
* Highland Road, West/East
* Rymal Road East
# Podolepis robusta

Podolepis robusta, commonly known as alpine podolepis, mountain lettuce or cattleman's lettuce, is a perennial herb from the Australian Alps in the family Asteraceae.

## Description

The species has a thick, upright single stem and reaches up to 60 cm in height, with yellow inflorescences that are around 25 mm in diameter. These appear in summer. Spathulate basal leaves clasp the stem and are up to 20 cm in length. Leaves on the stem above these are smaller and decrease in size with height.

## Taxonomy

The species was initially described in 1898 as Podolepis longipedata var. robusta based on plant material collected from Australia's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko. In 1942, it was renamed as Podolepis acuminata var. robusta by botanist Jim Willis. He elevated it to species status in 1954.

## Distribution

Podolepis robusta is found in alpine grassland, commonly in association with snow gums. It occurs in the Australian Alps, southwards from Mount Gingera in the Australian Capital Territory.
# Quinolizidine alkaloids

Quinolizidine alkaloids are natural products that have a quinolizidine structure; this includes the lupine alkaloids.

## Occurrence

Quinolizidine alkaloids can be found in the plant family of legumes, especially in papilionaceous plants. While the lupine alkaloids (following their name) can be found in lupines, tinctorin, for example, was isolated from the dyer's broom.

## Examples

More than 200 quinolizidine alkaloids are known which can be classified into 6 structural types:
* the lupinine type with 34 known structures, including lupinine and its derivatives
* the camoensine type with 6 known structures, including camoensin
* the spartein type with 66 structures, including sparteine, lupanine, angustifoline
* the α-pyridone type with 25 structures, including anagyrine and cytisine
* the matrine type with 31 structures, including matrine
* and the ormosanin type with 19 structures, including ormosanine.
   * (–)-lupinine
   * (–)-sparteine
   * (–)-lupanine
   * (–)-anagyrine
   * (+)-matrine

## Properties

Cytisine is the toxic main alkaloid of laburnum. Similar to nicotine, it has a stimulating to hallucinogenic effect in low doses and a respiratory paralysing effect in higher doses. Cytisine and matrine are active ingredients of the Sophora beans from Mexico and the cow Seng and Shinkyogan drugs from China and Japan.
Quinolizidine alkaloids defend plants against pests and diseases and breeding to reduce QA concentrations lowers these resistances. They have various effects on warm-blooded animals and lead to poisoning of grazing livestock (sheep and cattle). Cytisin and anagyrin are particularly responsible for this. The effects of poisoning are stimulation, coordination disorders, shortness of breath, cramps and finally death from respiratory paralysis. Anagyrin acts teratogenic. The only quinolizidine alkaloid used therapeutically is sparteine, which has an antiarrhythmic and labor-promoting effect.
# Sogi

Iio Sōgi (1421–1502) was a Japanese poet.
Sogi may also refer to:

## People with the surname

* Akoya Sogi (born 1968), Japanese voice actress
* Takamasa Sogi, a fictional character in Corpse Princess

## Places

* Sogi, American Samoa, a settlement on Tutuila Island
* Sogi, Samoa, a village in Samoa

## Other uses

* SOGI, acronym for sexual orientation and gender identity
* sogi, a term used in Taekwondo stances
* Gold Star Sogi, an association football club in the Samoa National League
# Tornielli

Tornielli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Tornielli (born 1964), Italian journalist and religious writer
* Antonio Tornielli (1579–1650), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Bonaventura Tornielli (1411–1491), Italian Roman Catholic priest
* Girolamo Francesco Tornielli (died 1752), Italian Jesuit, preacher and writer
# Williams Rule

The Williams Rule is based on the holding in the Florida state case of Williams v. State in which relevant evidence of collateral crimes is admissible at jury trial when it does not go to prove the "bad character" or "criminal propensity" of the defendant but is used to show motive, intent, knowledge, modus operandi, or lack of mistake.
Following cases in the state have molded and defined the applicability of the Williams Rule in criminal cases. Varying standards of "relevance" seem to apply depending on the prong of the rule applied.
The legislature of Florida has also codified the Williams Rule in Florida Statute section 90.404(2)(a). The federal analogue to Florida's Williams Rule is codified under rules 404(a)(2) and 404(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Evidence.
In Akers v. State, the Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal clarified that evidence of another crime cannot be introduced unless some relevancy to the trial at hand is shown by evidence. In Akers, the court stated that "if prosecutors insist on crying the wolf of the Williams Rule they might eventually find the courts hard of hearing." Critics of the way the Williams Rule is often used by the prosecution say that trial courts fail to require the requisite showing of relevance to the current issues before allowing the Williams Rule evidence to be introduced. As such, these critics claim that the evidence is in fact being used to show the bad character and criminal propensity of the defendant. Such a use is prohibited by the rules of evidence.
# Whatever It May Take

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rock Hard | 8.0/10 |
| Sputnikmusic | 5/5 |
Whatever It May Take is the second studio album released by German heavy metal band Heaven Shall Burn.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Maik Weichert
Notes
* On the re-release, "The Martyrs' Blood" is written as "The Martyr's Blood".

## Personnel

Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes.
# Stage loading

Stage Loading is a measure of the load on a turbomachinery stage, be it a part of a compressor, fan or turbine.
The parameter, which is non-dimensional, is defined as:
$L={\frac {gJ{\Delta }H}{U^{2}}}$
where: Imperial Units (SI Units)
$g$ acceleration of gravity ft/s/s (1.0)
$J$ mechanical equivalent of heat ft.lb/(s.hp) (1.0)
${\Delta }H$ change in specific enthalpy over stage hp.s/lb (KW.s/Kg)
$U$ peripheral blade speed ft/s (m/s)
Average stage loading has a very similar definition, where the number of stages, n, within the compressor, fan or turbine is used to provide an average value:
$L={\frac {gJ{\Delta }H}{nU^{2}}}$
In this case the change in enthalpy is across the whole unit, not just a stage. Similarly, the blade speed used is a mean for the whole device.
The above equation shows that if blade speed cannot be increased for, say, mechanical or aerodynamic reasons, the number of stages has to be increased to get the average stage loading back to an acceptable level, to obtain a satisfactory level of efficiency. The ideal average stage loading for a turbine is about 1.8.
# Summerskill

Summerskill may refer to:
* Ben Summerskill OBE (born 1961), British businessman and journalist, Chief Executive of Stonewall
* Edith Summerskill CH PC (1901–1980), British physician, feminist, Labour politician and writer
* John Summerskill (1925–1990), educator and president of San Francisco State University in the 1960s
* Mimi LaFollette Summerskill (1917–2008), educator, author, political activist, and vineyard owner
* Shirley Summerskill (born 1931), British Labour Party politician and former government minister