OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rosa minutifolia

Rosa minutifolia is a species in the genus Rosa. It is also known by the common names Baja rose, Baja littleleaf rose, and small-leaved rose.

## Description

Dense shrub or thicket-forming perennial, found in chaparral plant communities. In fact, it is exceptionally drought tolerant, particularly if given a thick layer of organic mulch; under drought stress the plant defoliates, exposing a small thicket of woody, and extremely spiny stems.
Height/spread: 30–100 cm (1m) high and wide.
Stems: Stems are low and arching, with many, generally unpaired, straight, slender prickles measuring 2-12mm in length.
Leaves: The leaves of Rosa minutifolia are the smallest of the genus Rosa, with the terminal leaflets measuring 3-6mm long and wide. Leaves are round, widest near the middle, tip shape to obtuse, with toothed margins about halfway to the midvein, glandless. The leaf axil is finely short-hairy and sparsely glandular. Leaflets are hairy and number 5-7.
Flowers: Inflorescences are generally one-flowered, pedicels are hairy and glandless, and measure to about 2-10mm in length. Flowers have a hypanthium to around 3mm wide. Densely prickly neck to 2mm wide. Sepals have toothed lateral lobes and are glandless, with the tip generally being about equal to the body, which is also toothed. Flowers typically contain 10 pistils each. Petals measure 10-20mm and are deep pink, pale pink, or rarely white. Flowers appear in late winter, February–April. R. minutifolia is the earliest flowering of native California roses.
Fruit: Fruit shape is typically spherical, about 5mm in width. Sepals persistent, erect to spreading; achenes unknown.

## Distribution and range

Native to the chaparral plant community of northern Baja California, where wild populations are extant, and San Diego County, California, where it is now extinct in the wild.

## Cultivation

Rosa minutifolia is grown in gardens as an ornamental.

## Etymology and naming

'Minutifolia'– 'with very small leaves' from 'minuti', meaning 'minute', and 'folium', meaning 'leaves'. 'Rosa' from the Latin name 'rosa' meaning 'rose'.
The name Rosa minutifolia was previously disputed, as some believed it to be in its own genus, Hesperhodos. However, the name has since been resolved.
# Methone (Greek myth)

In Greek mythology, Methone (Ancient Greek: Μεθώνη) was the name shared by four women:
* Methone, one of the Alcyonides, daughters of the giant Alcyoneus. She was the sister of Alkippe, Anthe, Asteria, Drimo, Pallene and Phthonia (Phosthonia or Chthonia). When their father Alcyoneus was slain by Heracles, these girls threw themselves into the sea from Kanastraion, which is the peak of Pellene. They were then transformed into halcyons (kingfishers) by the goddess Amphitrite.
* Methone, the nymph-consort of Pierus, king of Pieria, and by the latter, became the mother of Oeagrus, father of Orpheus. In some accounts rather, she was called the sister of Pierus.
* Methone or Mothone (Μοθώνη), a bastard daughter of King Oeneus of Calydon by a concubine. She was the eponymous heroine who gave her name to Methone in Messenia.
* Methone, wife of King Poeas of Meliboea and mother of Philoctetes. Otherwise, the latter's mother was called Demonassa. This Methone may be the same as the above character.
# Rubrique-à-Brac

Rubrique-à-Brac is a humorous comic strip series created in 1968-1972 by Gotlib. The title is a portmanteau of the French words rubrique (section) and bric-à-brac. Initially published in Pilote magazine, the series was republished as five hardbound books between 1970 and 1974 by Dargaud, and again in 2002 as one volume, which also included previously unpublished content. It is widely regarded as one of the cornerstones of today's humorous bande dessinée.

## Style

Rubrique-à-Brac is an assortment of short (two to three pages) unrelated strips, drawn in black and white (although the 2002 re-publication was colorized). Its fairly realistic graphics contrast with the surreal, sometimes satirical humour of its textual content. The result is comparable to a graphical form of deadpan humour. The backgrounds are almost non-existent, and a large portion of the panels is occupied by elaborate dialogues.
Rubrique-à-Brac revisits an extremely wide range of subjects, such as historical figures, classic fairy tales, folklore, foreign countries and cultures, sport, the making of comics (in strips in which the author is often involved), movie and television clichés, music, youth and infancy (often in strips implicitly telling the author's life), science, or the various uses of everyday items and everyday life. One of the most recurrent subjects is broccoli: this vegetable recurs as a running gag in many conversations, always unjustifiably mentioned by characters.

## Recurring characters

* Isaac Newton often appears in otherwise unrelated strips to be hit on the head by an unlikely object (among other things a seagull, a piano, a sloth, a button... not to mention his famous apple). This, of course, causes him to discover the law of universal gravitation.
* The unnamed ladybug owes its existence to Gotlib's dislike of drawing backgrounds. He created this character as a way to fill up the blank space, and it is often seen in the bottom corner of panels, usually commenting on their content.
* Professeur Burp is a zoologist who occasionally presents absurd pseudoscientific expositions on various animals and animal life (giraffe, hippopotamus, stag, pig, chameleon, kangaroo, hyena among the most outstanding and eccentric interpretations).
* Charolles (a caricature of Gotlib himself) and Bougret (a caricature of Gébé) are two criminal bureau detectives. The suspects in their various investigations are always the same two men: Blondeau Georges Jacques Babylas, a caricature of Goscinny, and Aristidès Othon Frédéric Wilfrid, a caricature of French cartoonist Fred. Although all evidence points to Aristidès, Blondeau is invariably found to be the culprit by Bougret, while Charolles is dumbfounded.
* Gotlib himself appears in a number of his own strips, whether as the artist (thus breaking the fourth wall), or as an actual character. Various other French comic artists also make appearances at one point or another.
# Ongoingness

Ongoingness: The End of a Diary is a 2015 book by Sarah Manguso. Manguso kept a journal for 25 years, producing an 800,000-word-long document. In Ongoingness, she explores and reflects upon her reasons and motivations for journaling – her obsessive need to document every incident in her life because she was afraid she would forget the details later, and using journaling as a coping mechanism for dealing with low-level anxiety. She also explores her change in writing style with time – her earlier entries were detailed; now they are brief; while she used to write in the past tense, she now uses the present tense.
# Multimedia search

Multimedia search enables information search using queries in multiple data types including text and other multimedia formats. Multimedia search can be implemented through multimodal search interfaces, i.e., interfaces that allow to submit search queries not only as textual requests, but also through other media. We can distinguish two methodologies in multimedia search:
* Metadata search: the search is made on the layers of metadata.
* Query by example: The interaction consists in submitting a piece of information (e.g., a video, an image, or a piece of audio) for the purpose of finding similar multimedia items.

## Metadata search

Search is made using the layers in metadata which contain information of the content of a multimedia file. Metadata search is easier, faster and effective because instead of working with complex material, such as an audio, a video or an image, it searches using text.
There are three processes which should be done in this method:
* Summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description.
* Filtering of media descriptions (for example, elimination of Redundancy)
* Categorization of media descriptions into classes.

## Query by example

In query by example, the element used to search is a multimedia content (image, audio, video). In other words, the query is a media. Often, it's used audiovisual indexing. It will be necessary to choose the criteria we are going to use for creating metadata. The process of search can be divided in three parts:
* Generate descriptors for the media which we are going to use as query and the descriptors for the media in our database.
* Compare descriptors of the query and our database’s media.
* List the media sorted by maximum coincidence.

## Multimedia search engine

There are two big search families, in function of the content:
* Visual search engine
* Audio search engine

### Visual search engine

Inside this family we can distinguish two topics: image search and video search
* Image search: Although usually it's used simple metadata search, increasingly is being used indexing methods for making the results of users queries more accurate using query by example. For example, QR codes.
* Video search: Videos can be searched for simple metadata or by complex metadata generated by indexing. The audio contained in the videos is usually scanned by audio search engines.

### Audio search engine

There are different methods of audio searching:
* Voice search engine: Allows the user to search using speech instead of text. It uses algorithms of speech recognition. An example of this technology is Google Voice Search.
* Music search engine: Although most of applications which searches music works on simple metadata (artist, name of track, album…) . There are some programs of music recognition, for example Shazam or SoundHound.
# United Nations Committee on Contributions

The United Nations Committee on Contributions is a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly that is responsible for advising the General Assembly on the apportionment of UN expenses among member states.
The committee meets annually for three to four weeks, usually in New York in June. These sessions are closed and its meeting records and press releases are not issued.

## Mandate

The United Nations Charter, in Article 17, established that "the expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly." As such on 13 February 1946, the General Assembly created a 10-member Committee on Contributions with the mandate to apportion UN expenses among members, make assessments for new members, hear appeals by members for a change of assessment and apply Article 19 in cases of arrears in the payment of assessments.
Membership of the committee was increased in 1968 to 12, then to 13 in 1973 and most recently in 1976 to 18 members.

## Members

The 18 members of the committee are selected by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Fifth Committee and on the basis of broad geographical representation, personal qualifications and experience. They serve three-year terms that end on the 31 December of their respective term. The following are the current members of the committee.
Members :
| 2019–2021 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | 2020–2022 | 2021–2023 | 2021–2023 |
| Member | Country | Member | Country | Member | Country |
| Syed Yawar Ali | Pakistan | Cheikh Tidiane Deme | Senegal | Michael Holtsch | Germany |
| Jakub Chmielewski | Poland | Gordon Eckersley | Australia | Ji-sun Jun | Republic of Korea |
| Robert Ngei Mule | Kenya | Mohamed Mahmoud Ould el Ghaouth | Mauritania | Vadim Laputin | Russian Federation |
| Toshiro Ozawa | Japan | Bernardo Greiver | Uruguay | Shan Lin | China |
| Tõnis Saar | Estonia | Ugo Sessi | Italy | Henrique da Silveira Sardinha Pinto | Brazil |
| Brett Dennis Schaefer | United States of America | Alejandro Torres Lepori | Argentina | Steven Townley | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
# Type Two 63 ft HSL

The Type Two HSL was a 63 ft high-speed launch craft made by British Power Boat Company (BPBC). The craft were used during the Second World War for air-sea rescue operations to save Allied aircrew from the sea. The Type Two superseded the 64 ft HSL, and was itself replaced by the Type Three 68 ft "Hants and Dorset" also built by the BPBC. The Type Two (aka Type 2) was nicknamed the "Whaleback" due to the distinctive curve to its deck and humped cabin.

## History

The Type Two was designed in 1937 by George Selman, Chief Designer and Naval Architect of the British Power Boat Company, which was founded by Hubert Scott-Paine at Hythe. Scott-Paine had previously owned the Supermarine Aviation Company, later builders of the Supermarine Spitfire and several flying boat types.
A low-set cabin contained the wheel-house, chart room and a sickbay. For defence against enemy aircraft, on top of the cabin were two aircraft-style turrets made by Armstrong-Whitworth initially with a single .303 in Vickers K gun or Lewis gun (later improved to paired guns of the same calibre). The mahogany hull was of the hard chine, planing type.

## Usage

During the Second World War, the retrieval of pilots and aircrew who had been shot down over, or who had had to ditch in, the sea around the British Isles was the responsibility of the Royal Air Force Marine Branch, (motto: "The sea shall not have them"). Rescue of downed aircrew was coordinated using RAF aircraft, aircraft operated by Coastal Command and the Royal Navy and rescue launches operated by the RAF Marine Branch and the Royal Navy.
The Type Two was supplied to RAF marine craft units from the middle of 1940. In total, 69 craft were manufactured between 1940 and 1942.
After World War II, a number of the Type Two craft were transferred to the Royal Navy and a small number were given to the Italian Air Force. The vast majority of the Type Two craft belonging to the Admiralty were subsequently stored and later sold off as houseboats. None are currently owned by any museum or trusts.

## Variants

Following their performance during the Dieppe raid in August 1942, the Type Two was modified. Extra armament was fitted – paired .303 in machine guns mounted either side of the wheel-house and a single 20 mm Oerlikon on the (strengthened) rear deck. Protection was improved by adding anti-shrapnel padding around the forward cabin area.
# UISD

UISD may refer to:
* United Independent School District
* Utopia Independent School District
# Tân Thạnh district

Tân Thạnh is a rural district (huyện) of Long An province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.
As of 2003 the district had a population of 78,970. The district covers an area of 408 km². The district capital lies at Tân Thạnh township.

## Divisions

The district is divided into one urban municipality and 12 communes:
Tân Thạnh township, Bắc Hòa, Hậu Thạnh Đông, Hậu Thạnh Tây, Kiến Bình, Nhơn Hòa, Nhơn Hòa Lập, Nhơn Ninh, Tân Bình, Tân Hòa, Tân Lập and Tân Ninh.
# Tępa Podkowa coat of arms

Tępa Podkowa is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The name literally means "Dull Horseshoe".

## Blazon

The blazon can be translated as: On a blue field an upright standing horseshoe with a golden cross in the center. Blue mantling with silver and gold. In the crown a black wing.

## Notable bearers

The fictional characters of the knights Zbyszko of Bogdaniec and Maćko of Bogdaniec, the main characters in Henryk Sienkiewicz's The Teutonic Knights, are bearers of this coat of arms.
# Tōllān

Tollan, Tolan, or Tolán is a name used for the capital cities of two empires of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica; first for Teotihuacan, and later for the Toltec capital, Tula, both in Mexico. The name has also been applied to the Postclassic Mexican settlement Cholula.
Tollan is a word in Nahuatl used in Spanish colonial documents. Traditionally, tollan was interpreted as a Nahuatl toponym for Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. More recent scholarship suggests some kind of broader meaning, such as a place of the reeds. Instead of a toponym for a specific settlement, it is also used as a qualifier to denote a category of densely populated cities.
Teotihuacan seems to have been the first city known by this name. After the collapse of the Teotihuacan empire, central Mexico broke into smaller states. The Toltec created the first sizable Mexican empire after the fall of Teotihuacan, and their capital was referred to by the same name as a reference to the earlier greatness of Teotihuacan.
In Aztec accounts at the time of the arrival of the Conquistadores, Teotihuacan and the Toltec capital sometimes seem to be confused and conflated.
The epithet "Tollan" was also sometimes applied to any great metropolis or capital. Cholula, for example, was sometimes called "Tollan Cholula", and the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán was likewise given the title "Tollan". The Mixtec translation of this, Ñuu Co'yo is still the Mixtec name for Mexico City to this day.

## Tollan in Mesoamerican mythology

Tollan is the name given to the mythical place of origin in many Mesoamerican traditions, including those of the Aztecs and the K'iche' Maya. In the K'iche' epic Popol Vuh, the first people created are gathered at Tollan, the place of seven caves, where they receive their languages and their gods.
# UBC Department of Asian Studies

The UBC Department of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia was established in 1961 and is one of the top Asian Studies departments in North America. The department's faculty and staff offices are located in the Asian Centre of the Vancouver campus.

## History
### Building

The Asian Centre building that houses the department consists of the roof and structural framework of the Sanyo Pavilion constructed for the 1970 World Exposition in Osaka, Japan.

### About the logo

The UBC Department of Asian Studies logo is often mistaken to be a lotus flower, with its symbolization of purity, non-attachment and enlightenment in Buddhist tradition. The design (courtesy of Asian Studies MA student in Japanese Literature and Visual Culture and graphic designer Julien Butterlin) does indeed gesture in this direction, but the flower depicted is in fact that of Camellia sinensis or Thea sinensis, the tea plant whence many teas are derived. A genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, Camellia sinensis is used to harvest white tea, green tea, oolong, pu-erh tea and black tea.
Tea is the second-most widely consumed beverage in the world after water, and has played and continues to play such a central role in all Asian cultures that it was a natural choice to symbolize the diverse Asian languages, literature, cultures, histories, and religions represented in the Department of Asian Studies.

## Degrees Programs
### Undergraduate

Majors require 48 credits and minors require 30 credits of coursework within the department.
* Major and minor in Asian Area Studies
* Major and minor in Asian Language and Culture
** The major includes a specialization in China, Chinese Literature, Japan, Korea, or South Asia.
* Honours Program in Asian Studies

### Graduate

* Master of Arts in Asian Studies
* Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Studies

## Course Offerings

The Department of Asian Studies offers two categories of undergraduate courses. The first category features courses on the contemporary and historical culture of South, Southeast, and East Asia, and do not require knowledge of an Asian language. The second category features courses in various Asian languages from an introductory to advanced level, with the latter covering literary, philosophical and historical works in their original language.
The department also offers graduate courses falling under the categories of Asia, China, Japan, Korea, South Asia, and Theories, Methods & Pan-Regional.

### Languages

* Chinese - largest program in North America with over 2,000 annual enrollments offering courses in Mandarin for heritage and non-heritage learners, as well as Cantonese speakers. Courses in Cantonese slated to be available beginning in 2015.
* Hindi
* Indonesian
* Japanese - largest program of its kind in mainland North America with over 2,000 yearly enrollments.
* Korean
* Persian
* Punjabi
* Sanskrit

## Faculty

* Bruce Fulton, Associate Professor in Korean Literature and Literary Translation

## Former Faculty

* William L. Holland
* Edwin G. Pulleyblank
# UFC 51

UFC 51: Super Saturday was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on February 5, 2005 (Super Bowl weekend) at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada. The event was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States and Canada, and later released on DVD.

## History

Loretta Hunt, news editor for Sherdog.com, reports, "I know for a fact the UFC was considering a female bout between Erica Montoya and the late Shelby Walker a few years ago." About this planned but never realized fight, "Big Dog" Benny Henderson Jr. asked Shelby Walker, "It has been rumored that you may fight Erika Montoya at UFC 51, is there any truth to those rumors?" Walker replied, "Yeah there is truth to those rumors, it has been talked about a lot and when I asked Dana White if he was going to put us on the show he said possibly, so that is where it stands right now. I haven't heard anything more from this but my biggest dream would be to fight in the UFC."
The event was also to be held in Japan, but UFC President Dana White moved it back to Las Vegas. Headlining the card were fan favorites Tito Ortiz and Vitor Belfort.
This was the last UFC event to feature a non-title matchup as the main event instead of an also-scheduled title fight on the same card until UFC 196.

## Results

* ↑ For the interim UFC Heavyweight Championship. The title was an interim championship due to the reigning UFC Heavyweight Champion Frank Mir being unable to defend his title after suffering serious injuries in a motorcycle accident.
* ↑ For the vacant UFC Middleweight Championship.
* ↑ Although preliminary, this bout aired on the pay-per-view broadcast.
# Poecilomyrma

Poecilomyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Its two species are restricted to the Fijian archipelago. Although rare, the genus is known from all seven of the largest islands of Fiji.

## Species

* Poecilomyrma myrmecodiae Mann, 1921
* Poecilomyrma senirewae Mann, 1921
# Plato, Magdalena

Plato is a town and municipality in Magdalena Department in Colombia.
* Area: 1,457 km².
* Elevation: 20 meters
* Population: 66,362
** Rural: 18,625
** Urban: 47,737
* Agricultural products: livestock, corn, beans, tomatoes, yuca, tobacco

## Points of interest

* Alligator Man Park
* Statue of Bolivar
* Statue of the Virgin of Carmen

## Transports

The city is served by the Plato Airport (IATA: PLT, ICAO: SKPL)
# Calcium triplet

The infrared Ca II triplet, commonly known as the calcium triplet, is a triplet of three ionised calcium spectral lines at the wavelengths of 8498 Å, 8542 Å and 8662 Å (measured in air). The triplet has a strong emission, and is most prominently observed in the absorption of spectral type G, K and M stars.
# Plaint number

A plaint number is "an old-fashioned term for a claim number".
It was formerly used in the British court system. The term continues to be used in Australia, and searches for court records in Australian use the plaint number.
Claims under administrative law for medical malpractice or other professional misconduct may also use a plaint number.