OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bombing of Nordhausen in World War II

The Allies bombed Nordhausen during World War II in a series of strategic attacks against targets in the Nordhausen district and city.
Targets around Nordhausen included Gustloff factory, Mittelwerk and Nordhausen airfield

## Raids and related activities

| Date | Target | Notes |
| July 7, 1944 | | Of 453 B-17s, 114 hit Leipzig/Taucha, 79 hit Leipzig/Mockau, 35 hit Leipzig/Heiterblick and 15 hit Leipzig/Abtnaundorf oil plants, 46 hit Leipzig bearing industry, 35 hit Kolleda Airfield, 19 hit Leipzig Station and seven hit Nordhausen. |
| August 24, 1944 | airfield & Gustloff factory | 11 B-17s bombed Nordhausen airfield (the 511th Bombardment Squadron bombed Buchenwald/Nordhausen). In 1943, a Gustloff factory (in addition to one at Weimar) had been built at Buchenwald, and an August 1944 bombing destroyed the Buchenwald factory, killing many forced laborers. Salvaged equipment was moved to an underground salt mine in Billroda to resume production. One aircraft hit by wingman's gunfire crashed 8 miles North of Nordhausen. The 336th Fighter Squadron strafed the airfield. |
| August 24, 1944 | airfield | Mission 669: 24 B-17s bombed. |
| December 12, 1944 | | Mission 748: 10 B-17s bombed the secondary target of Nordhausen. |
| February 1945 (late) | Mittelwerk | The Combined Chiefs of Staff discussed a proposed Allied attack on the Nordhausen plant with a highly flammable petroleum-soap mixtureHLW:188 which, having been used in the Pacific theatre, filled the tiniest crevices and burned with intense heat. Instead, Nordhausen was subsequently lightly attacked with conventional bombers, but the vulnerable convict barracks (Camp ‘Dora’) were untouched. |
| February 22, 1945 | marshalling yards | Mission 841: 41 B-24s bombed the marshalling yards and targets of opportunity. |
| April 3 & 4, 1945 | | Three-quarters of the town of Nordhausen was destroyed and ~8,800 people died, including 1500 sick prisoners at the Boelcke Kaserne barracks. |
| April 6, 1945 | | A Canadian armoured column cut the final supply line of V-2 rockets from the assembly plants near Zutphen. |
| April 10, 1945 | Allied capture | "The U. S. First Army reached Nordhausen." |
| April 14 to 30, 1945 | airfield | The Allies used the Nordhausen airfield. |
# Bopyrus squillarum

Bopyrus squillarum is an isopod parasite of the infraorder Epicaridea. As such, B. squillarum is an ectoparasite, feeding off crustaceans hemolymph. This parasite is specific to common prawns (Palaemon serratus), but can rarely be found on other species of the genus Palaemon such as P. elegans.

## Distribution

Bopyrus squillarum can be found in marine habitats all along the northeast Atlantic coast as well as the north sea. The number of B. squillarum infections seem to vary over the years, as studies have shown infection rates ranging from 6.4% to 20.1% between 1969 and 2014 along the Irish coast.

## Biology

During its planktonic larval stage, the young B. squillarum attaches to a young P. serratus and settles down in its branchial chamber. As the parasite and the prawn grow up, the parasite creates a bulge in the prawns carapace. The female B. squillarum is much bigger than the male and is the parasite that attaches to the host. The smaller male will attach itself to a female to breed. While present, B. squillarum will lead to a reduction in its hosts gonads and prevent the host's reproduction. The B. squillarum parasite has a shorter lifespan than its host, falling out of the branchial chamber of the prawn upon death.
# Bommalattam (disambiguation)

Bommalattam is a type of puppetry using inanimate objects from Tamil Nadu.
Bommalattam or Bommalata may also refer to:
* Bommalattam (1968 film)
* Bommalattam (2008 film), the Tamil version of the Hindi film Final Cut of Director
* Bommalattam (TV series)
* Bommalata (2004 film)
# Paul Bernard (archaeologist)

Paul Bernard (13 June 1929—1 December 2015) was a French archaeologist, best known for excavating the Hellenistic site of Ai-Khanoum in present-day Afghanistan between 1964 and 1978. In his role as director of excavations, Bernard wrote several treatises on the excavations on the site. He also produced the accounts of Ai-Khanoum that had the most influence on the scholarship on the city: foremost among these was a 1982 article in Scientific American titled 'An Ancient Greek City in Centra Asia', which presented the city as a Hellenistic colony in Central Asia. His emphasis on the Greek traditions of Ai-Khanoum have influenced all subsequent accounts of the Hellenistic Far East.
# Paul Boyer

Paul Boyer may refer to:
* Paul Boyer (photographer) (1861–1908), French photographer
* Paul D. Boyer (1918–2018), American chemist and Nobel Prize winner
* Paul Boyer (historian) (1935–2012), American historian
* Paul Boyer (politician), American politician
* Paul Boyer, or sOAZ, (born 1994), French League of Legends player
* Paul Boyer (slavist) (1864–1949), French slavist
# Bones: Original Television Soundtrack

Bones: Original Television Soundtrack is a soundtrack album featuring music from the hit FOX television series "Bones." It was released in September 2008, in conjunction with the DVD release of the third season of the show, shortly before the fourth season premiered.
The remix of the theme song titled "DJ Corporate Remix" was previously available online under the name "Squints Remix," referencing main character Seeley Booth's nickname for the Jeffersonian lab technicians, squints. Every song on the soundtrack (except for the remix of the theme song at the end) was featured in the first three seasons of the show, mostly from the music used in the ending montages of important episodes.

## Track listing

* "Bones Theme" — The Crystal Method
* "Angel" — Sinéad O'Connor
* "Running Up That Hill" — Placebo
* "It Means Nothing" — Stereophonics
* "Gone" — Thirteen Senses
* "Black Star" — Eliza Lumley
* "Feel It Now" — Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
* "Fountain" — Sara Lov
* "Something" — Cary Brothers
* "Tears and Laughter" — Tall Tree 6Ft. Man
* "Bring on the Wonder" — Susan Enan (Featuring Sarah McLachlan)
* "Dirty Little Secret (Thievery Corporation Remix)" - Sarah McLachlan
* "Bones Theme (DJ Corporate Remix)" - The Crystal Method
* "The Gilded Hand" - Radical Face
# Paul Dienes

Paul Dienes (Hungarian: Dienes Pál. November 24, 1882 Tokaj, Austria-Hungary – March 23, 1952) was a Hungarian mathematician, philosopher, linguist and poet.
Born in to a wealthy and aristocratic Protestant family, he married Valéria Geiger (1879–1978) in December 1905. They had two sons, Gedeon Dienes (1914) and Zoltan Paul Dienes (1916). Following their divorce, he married Sari Dienes in 1922. He was an active member of the Galileo Circle along with his brother László Dienes.
Dienes joined the Hungarian Communist Party during the establishment of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and in 1919 was appointed the political commissar of the University of Budapest. After the fall of the Soviet Republic he fled to Vienna and was later invited to the United Kingdom.
From 1921 to 1923 he lectured at University College, Swansea, where his students included Evan Tom Davies. From 1923 to 1948 he was Professor of Mathematics at Birkbeck College, London, where his students included Ralph Henstock and Abraham Robinson.

## Selected works

* Leçons sur les singularités des fonctions analytiques, professées à l'Université de Budapest par Paul Dienes. 1913.
* Taylor series; an introduction to the theory of functions of a complex variable. 1931. 2nd edition. 1957.
# Paul Diel

Paul Diel (11 July 1893 – 5 January 1972) was a French psychologist of Austrian origin who developed the method of introspective analysis and the psychology of motivation.

## Life

Diel was born in Vienna, Austria, on 11 July 1893, to a teacher of German origin and an unknown man. He was orphaned at the age of 13 after spending 8 years in a religious orphanage, but was able to obtain his baccalauréat with the support of a benefactor. Diel did not pursue formal higher education, but instead became an actor, novelist, and poet before teaching himself philosophy. Inspired by the philosophers Plato, Kant and Spinoza, and also by the psychologists Freud, Adler and Jung, he delved into his own psychological research and established the basis of the introspective analysis method that helped him develop his theories of the psychology of motivation.
Diel practiced psychotherapy at the central hospital of Vienna, and in 1935 he sent his work on introspective analysis to Albert Einstein. Einstein greatly appreciated Diel's work and they established a correspondence that did not end until Einstein's death in 1955.
In 1938, after the Nazi German Anschluss of Austria, Diel escaped to France and worked at the Sainte-Anne psychiatric hospital in Paris. Unfortunately, because he was a foreign national, he became imprisoned in the Gurs internment camp in southern France during World War II. After his release, he was able to join CNRS in 1945 with the backing of Einstein and Irène Joliot-Curie. At CNRS he worked as a children's psychotherapist in Henri Wallon's laboratory.
Diel continued working as a researcher and psychotherapist and had trained a group of students and published books on various subjects like education, symbolism and evolution when he died of cancer in Paris on 5 January 1972.
# Paul Diepgen

Paul Diepgen (24 November 1878 – 2 January 1966) was a German gynecologist and historian of medicine. He was born in Aachen.
Diepgen studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen, Leipzig, Bonn and Freiburg, receiving his doctorate in 1902 with the dissertation Über zwei Fälle von Thorakopagus. From 1905 he worked as an assistant at the university women's clinic in Freiburg, and in 1910 he obtained his habilitation under the direction of Ludwig Aschoff. In 1915 he became an associate professor, and from 1919 to 1929 he served as chief physician at the Lorettokrankenhaus in Freiburg.
In 1929 he transferred as a professor to the University of Berlin, and for 17 years was director of the Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und Naturwissenschaften (Institute for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences). In 1947 he was named a visiting professor for the history of medicine at the University of Mainz, where in 1949 he received a full professorship.
From 1908 to 1966 he was a member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin, Naturwissenschaft und Technik (German Society for the History of Medicine, Natural Science and Technology). In 1936 he became a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. He was the grandfather of politician Eberhard Diepgen.
Diepgen died in Mainz in 1966 at the age of 87.

## Selected works

* Gualteri Agilonis summa medicinalis: nach den Münchener Codices lat. Nr. 325 und 13124 erstmalig ediert mit einer vergleichenden Betrachtungen älterer medizinischer Kompendien des Mittelaters. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1911.
* Geschichte der Medizin; die historische Entwicklung der Heilkunde und des ärztlichen Lebens, 1913 – History of medicine; the historical development of medicine, etc.
* Die Heilkunde und der ärztliche Beruf : eine Einführung, 1938 – Medicine and the medical profession: an introduction.
* Zur Frauenheilkunde im byzantinischen Kulturkreis des Mittelalters, 1950 – On gynecology in the Byzantine culture of the Middle Ages.
* Über den Einfluss der authoritativen Theologie auf die Medizin des Mittelalters, 1958 – On the influence of authoritative theology on medicine in the Middle Ages.
* Frau und Frauenheilkunde in der Kultur des Mittelalters, 1963 – Gynecology in the culture of the Middle Ages.
# Borboniella vulpicolor

Borboniella vulpicolor is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Réunion island in the Indian Ocean.
# Paul Gilger

Paul Douglass Gilger (born October 13, 1954 in Mansfield, Ohio) is an architect, set designer, and playwright.

## Playwrighting

Gilger conceived the 2003 off-Broadway Jerry Herman musical revue Showtune.

## Architecture

In 1991, Gilger was the project designer for the Industrial Light and Magic Film Studio in San Rafael, California for filmmaker George Lucas (Star Wars, Indiana Jones) and in 1989, he helped prepare conceptual designs for the Disney/MGM Film Studios in Tokyo, Japan.
Gilger's architectural work includes:
* "Edgewater", a residence in Mill Valley in Marin County, California, built in 2003 by Lehman Brothers of New York
* the conversion of the 1894 Del Monte Cannery Building in Santa Rosa, California into the 6th Street Playhouse in 2005
* "Park Lane Village Square", a $100 million residential/commercial mixed-use project in Santa Rosa, completed in 2009
* the Cloverdale Performing Arts Center for the city of Cloverdale, California in 2010
* facility designer for the Safari West Wildlife Animal Preserve in Sonoma County, California since 2011.
Gilger was a Senior Project Designer with Hedgpeth Architects in Santa Rosa, California, for over 30 years. He currently owns Paul Gilger Designs, specializing in both residential and theatrical projects.

## Set design

With Nomad Productions Scenic Studios in San Francisco, Gilger worked on concert touring sets for Madonna (1985 Like a Virgin Tour), Kenny Loggins, Crosby Stills & Nash, Carlos Santana, Alabama, Dio, and Petra, stage sets for Whoopi Goldberg and Anthony Newley (the 1983 musical Chaplin), set pieces for the Super Bowl broadcast, and numerous sets for television. He has designed numerous stage sets for theatre companies in Ohio and California, and from 1975 thru 1981 was the set designer and associate producer of the Miss Ohio Pageant.

## Lincoln Highway

Gilger is the chair of the Lincoln Highway Association National Mapping Committee. In 2012, Gilger completed the cartography of the entire Lincoln Highway, creating the online Official Map of the Lincoln Highway, a 20-year project involving research by 25 members of the committee. Additionally, Gilger serves as the head tour guide for the Association.

## In popular culture

Gilger's name is used for one of the characters in the popular Japanese manga series Bleach created by Tite Kubo, who named most of the Espada characters after architects. The character "Nnoitra Gilga" is named after Richard Neutra and Paul Gilger.

## Background & education

Gilger is a 1978 graduate of the University of Cincinnati College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning, with study in theatrical set design at University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music.
His sister, Joan Gilger Stear, was Miss Ohio 1978.
Gilger resides in Santa Rosa, California.
# Born to the Saddle (1929 film)

Born to the Saddle is a 1929 American silent Western film directed by Joseph Levigard and written by George H. Plympton, George Mitchell and Carl Krusada. The film stars Ted Wells, Duane Thompson, Leo White, Byron Douglas, Merrill McCormick and Nelson McDowell. The film was released on March 10, 1929, by Universal Pictures.

## Cast

* Ted Wells as Ted Dorgan
* Duane Thompson as Helen Pearson
* Leo White as Clyde Montmorency Wilpenny
* Byron Douglas as John Pearson
* Merrill McCormick as Amos Judd
* Nelson McDowell as Pop Healy
# Spooneromyces

Spooneromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae named for mycologist Brian Spooner.
* This Pezizomycetes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Wuqiu Lighthouse

The Wuqiu Lighthouse (traditional Chinese: 烏坵嶼燈塔; simplified Chinese: 乌丘屿灯塔; pinyin: Wūqiū Yǔ Dēngtǎ) is a lighthouse in Daqiu Village, Wuqiu Township (Ockseu), Kinmen County (Quemoy), Fujian Province (Fukien), Republic of China (Taiwan).

## History

The lighthouse was constructed by the Netherlands in 1874 with engineer David Marr Henderson and deputy engineer John Ropinald to serve as navigation aid for ships sailing between Fuzhou and Xiamen. The lighthouse lost its top structure during World War II and was repaired afterwards to become a lower black lighthouse in 1947. However, the lighthouse became inactive in 1951 as part of military strategy due to the tension with People's Liberation Army. In 1960-1975, works were made to improve the lighthouse, such as concreting the wall, increasing its height, adding house inside the wall and creating a connecting tunnel. In 2001, the lighthouse was officially closed after it was placed under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China Armed Forces. On 23 July 2017, the Maritime and Port Bureau signed an agreement with the armed forces to take over the lighthouse. Currently, the Wuqiu Township government is trying to register the lighthouse to be a national historic site.

## Architecture

The lighthouse tower is a cylindrical tower with lantern and gallery. It is located on the highest point of Daqiu Island.

## Technical details

This staffed lighthouse focal plane is 87 meters, radiating a white flash every 5 seconds.

## Lightkeepers

* 1885 - C.M. Peterson (in charge) and J. Chapman
# National Pingtung Senior High School

National Pingtung Senior High School (Chinese: 國立屏東高中; 屏東高中; 屏中) is a senior high school in Pingtung City, Pingtung County, Taiwan.

## Notable alumni

* Steve Chang, Co-founder and former CEO of Trend Micro
* CC Lee, Cleveland Indians pitcher
* Chen Yun-wen, baseball player
# Rocky Dennis in Heaven

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.0/10 |
Rocky Dennis in Heaven is an extended play by Swedish indie pop musician Jens Lekman. It was released on 21 January 2004 on Service. The EP was later released as simply Rocky Dennis on 6 April 2004 on Secretly Canadian. The EP's songs were written about the life and artistic biographies of Roy L. Dennis, who suffered from the extremely rare medical condition known as craniodiaphyseal dysplasia.
The Swedish release showed a sky blue cover with the words, "Someday I'll be stuffed in a museum, scaring little kids / With the inscription Carpe diem, something I never did". The songs on the EP can also be found on Lekman's 2005 release, Oh You're So Silent Jens.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jens Lekman

## Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 14 |
# Robert Waller (York MP)

Robert Waller was one of two Members of Parliament for the constituency of York between 1690 and 1694.

## Life and politics

Robert was the son of Thomas and Susannah Waller. He was married to Jane and had a daughter, Penelope, and a son. His father was a freeman of the city and a yeoman and plied a trade as an innkeeper. His father amassed enough wealth to become the lord of Middlethorpe Manor.
Robert was a wealthy attorney and aligned politically to the Whig faction. He was an alderman in the city of York and became Lord mayor in 1684. He was also Coroner for the city and Sherriff in 1674–75. He was also registered as a freeman of the city
He was granted the office of keeper of the King's manor house in York for services in bringing support of the city for the Prince of Orange in 1689. On 7 March 1692 he was leased the site of St Mary's Abbey for 31 years.
He was returned as MP for York in 1690. though now considered a Tory. He was active in the 1691-2 session. He is recorded as having participated in 1284 votes during his turn on office. His failure to become Lord Mayor in 1694 may have been a factor in not standing for re-election to Parliament in 1695.
He died on 2 June 1698 intestate in Acomb. His daughter, Penelope, and his widow administered the estate thereafter.
# Paracedemon niger

Paracedemon niger is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1957.
# Paul Hobson

Captain Paul Hobson (died 1666) was an antinomian Particular Baptist who served in the parliamentary army during the English Civil War.
He was one of the signatories to the Baptist Confession of 1644, who later adopted Fifth Monarchy ideas, and later arrested for his part in the Farnley Wood Plot.
# Solomon Henry Jackson

Solomon Henry Jackson (died 13 Feb 1847, New York City) was a pioneer American Jewish printer.

## Biography

An immigrant from England, Jackson settled in Pike County, Pennsylvania, and married the daughter (Helen Annie Miller) of a local Presbyterian minister.
In the 1820s, Jackson moved to New York City. Thereafter, he established the city's first Hebrew printing press.
Jackson published the first Jewish periodical in the United States. It was an anti-missionary journal entitled The Jew: being a defence of Judaism against all adversaries, and particularly against the insidious attacks of "Israel's Advocate". ("Israel's Advocate; or, the Restoration of the Jews contemplated and urged", a publication of the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews, was a missionary publication endeavoring to convert Jews to Christianity.) He also published the first Hebrew prayer book in the United States, and the first Haggadah in the United States.
# Bachman (surname)

Bachman is an Anglicized spelling of the surname Bachmann. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Bachman (born 1996), American football player
* Andrew Bachman (born 1983), American entrepreneur
* Bill Bachman (born 1952), American percussionist
* Charlie Bachman (1892–1985), American football player and coach
* Charles Bachman (1924–2017), American computer scientist
* Charles A. Bachman (1882–1966), American actor
* Daniel Bachman (born 1989), American guitarist
* Darrick Bachman (born 1960), American television writer
* Dora Sandoe Bachman (1869–1930), American lawyer, suffragist, school official
* Elisabeth Bachman (born 1978), American volleyball player
* Gábor Bachman (born 1952), Hungarian architect
* Henry L. Bachman (born 1930), American electrical engineer
* Isaac Bachman (born 1957), Israeli diplomat
* James Bachman (born 1972), British comedian and writer
* Jay Bachman (born 1945), American football player
* John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist
* Lorelei Bachman (born 1973), Canadian songwriter
* Melissa Bachman (born 1984), American hunter
* Nathan L. Bachman (1878–1937), American politician
* Randy Bachman (born 1943), Canadian musician
* Reuben Knecht Bachman (1834–1911), American politician
* Richard Bachman (ice hockey) (born 1987), American ice hockey player
* Robbie Bachman (1953–2023), Canadian drummer
* S. A. Bachman (born 1957), American artist and advocate
* Sam Bachman (born 1999), American baseball player
* Tal Bachman (born 1968), Canadian musician
* Ted Bachman (born 1952), American football player
* Tim Bachman (1951–2023), Canadian guitarist
* Walter Bachman (disambiguation), multiple people
* William Bachman (1908–1993), American politician
# Bagada

Bagada is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,597 people living in 878 individual households.
# Old Bar, New South Wales

Old Bar is a coastal town in New South Wales, Australia in Mid-Coast Council. It lies around 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Taree on the Mid North Coast, and around 315 kilometres (196 mi) north of Sydney.

## Geography

Old Bar is on the southern side of the mouth of the Manning River.

## Demographics

The population of the urban centre was measured at 3,650 people in the 2011 census, and that of the suburb proper which includes some surrounding rural area at 4,272 people. It grew rapidly during a boom in housing in 1988.

## Airstrip

Old Bar is a common place for light aircraft to land. Old Bar Airfield is an authorised landing area and is heritage listed.

## 2019 Bushfire

In November 2019, a bushfire that started at Hillville, south of Taree, jumped the Pacific Highway into the path of Old Bar and Wallabi Point. The day before, the NSW Rural Fire Service told residents in these areas to get out or defend. One home was confirmed lost on Old Bar Road.

## Heritage listings

Old Bar has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
* 0.5 km off Old Bar Road: Old Bar Airfield
# Bajubon Kharlukhi

Bajubon R Kharlukhi (died 2021) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Shillong constituency of Meghalaya as a member of the All Party Hill Leaders Conference.