OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Barr (businessman)

Robert Barr (12 December 1888 – 18 July 1961) was a British businessman and founder of the Barr & Wallace Arnold Trust.

## Life

Born to a farming family in Wakefield, Barr gained a financial interest in vehicle touring at a young age. He later founded Barr & Wallace Arnold Trust.
Barr married Edith Midgley in 1913 at age 25; they had seven children, Mary, Margaret, Robert, Veronica, Malcolm, Jean, Stewart. Barr died at age 72.
# Sphegina nasuta

Sphegina nasuta is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Myanmar.
# Saurita lasiphlebia

Saurita lasiphlebia is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1906. It is found in Peru.
# Rehra bazar

Rehra Bazar is a block located in Balrampur district in rural Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the nine blocks of Balrampur district. According to the administration records, the block code of Rehra Bazar is 564. The block has 96 villages and there are total 32,318 houses in this block. Pincode of Rehra baza is 271306.There are 81 gram panchayats and 96 villages in Rehra Bazar kshetra panchayat / block. Hindi and Urdu are spoken by the natives here.

## Demographics

The total geographical area in which this village is expanded in 287.61 ha (710.7 acres) (2.88 km$^2$). Rehra Bazar's population is 217,742. Out of this, 111,391 are males while the females count 106,351 here. This block has 37,451 children in the age bracket of 0–6 years. Among them 19,374 are boys and 18,077 are girls. The latitude 27.182732 and 82.28908 longitude are the geocoordinate of the Rehra Bazar. Utraula, Balrampur, Tulsipur, and Faizabad are the nearby cities to Rehra bazar.

## Education

The literacy ratio in Rehra Bazar block is 46%. 101,849 out of a total 217,742 population is literate here. Among males, the literacy ratio is 55% as 61,954 males out of total 111,391 are literate while female literacy rate is 37% as 39,895 out of total 106,351 females are literate in this block.
The negative portion is that the illiteracy ratio of Rehra Bazar block is shockingly high – 53%. Here 115,893 out of total 217,742 people are illiterate. Male illiteracy rate here is 44% as 49,437 males out of total 111,391 are uneducated. In females, the illiteracy ratio is 62% and 66,456 out of total 106,351 females are illiterate in this block.

## Educational Institutes in Rehra Bazar Block

| School name | Village | Cluster | Pin Code |
| P.s. Rehra Bazar (ii) School | Rehra Bazar | Rehra Bazar | 271206 |
| Kasturaba Gandhi Balika Vidy. School | Adhinpur | Rehra Bazar | 271226 |
| P.s. Barhya Farid Khan School | Barhya Farid Khan | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| U.p.s. Budhipur School | Boodhipur | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| P.s. Keradeeh School | Kerideeh | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| Mah.dayanand Sar.j.h. School | Kirtapur | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| P.s. Kirtapur School | Kirtapur | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| U.p.s. Kirtapur School | Kirtapur | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| U.p.s. Rehara Bazar School | Rehra Bazar | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| P.s. Rudhauli School | Rudhauli | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| P.s. Sonapar (ii) School | Sonapar | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| P.s. Sonapar School | Sonapar | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| U.p.s. Sonapar School | Sonapar | Rehra Bazar | 271306 |
| Shri Ram Janki Bal V. Mandir School | Achalpur Roop | Rehra Bazar | 271307 |
| P.s. Banjariya Husain School | Banjariya Husain | Rehra Bazar | 271307 |

## Transportation

Rehra Bazar is 177 km from State capital Lucknow, Deoria Mainaha (1 km), Garib Nagar (1 km), Majhowa Kurthua (2 km), Jogiveer (2 km), and Sahpur Itai (2 km) are the nearby villages.
* Balrampur - 28 km
* Tulsipur - 28 km
* Gainsari Jn - 33 km
* Lakhpat Nagar - 36 km
Airport:
* Gorakhpur Airport - 135 km
* Amausi Airport - 179 km
* Varanasi Airport - 236 km
* Bamrauli Airport - 242 km
# Cape Murdoch

Cape Murdoch is a cape which forms the southeast tip of Mossman Peninsula on the south coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands.
Charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it after William Gordon Burn Murdoch, Scottish artist on the Balaena, one of the Dundee whaling ships in the Antarctic in 1892–93, and a supporter of Bruce's expedition.
# Antonio de Venafro

Antonio Giordano (1459–1530), called Antonio da Venafro, was a prime minister of Siena in the Italian Renaissance, mentioned in chapter 22 of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince.

## History

Da Venafro was born in 1459 in Venafro, Molise. He moved to Siena and attended the university there graduating in jurisprudence. In 1488 Venafro was elected professor of law at the University of Siena. In November 1493 Antonio was elected Appellate Judge. As such he was arrested by the avant-garde of Charles VIII and forced to follow them in their march to Rome. He was freed a few days later only by a direct order of the King himself. A trusted adviser and private secretary of the Lord of Siena, Pandolfo Petrucci, he was named by the latter counselor and prime minister. In the month of October 1502 Venafro represented Pandolfo Petrucci at the Diet of La Magione; and later he went to Imola with Paolo Orsini, where a peace agreement was signed between Cesare Borgia and the conspirators of La Magione represented by Paolo Orsini.
Venafro was a statesman of high calibre, appreciated and respected by men such as Guicciardini, Vettori and Niccolò Machiavelli. In chapter 22 of The Prince, where private counselors are discussed, Machiavelli describes Venafro as an excellent minister.
In 1515, under constant pressure by Pope Leo X, Antonio left Siena and returned to his native town of Venafro. But a few years later, in 1519, Antonio moved to Naples there he became a member of the Consiglio Collaterale and professor of jurisprudence at the University of Naples. He died there in 1530.
# Radziejów (disambiguation)

Radziejów may refer to the following places:
* Radziejów in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Radziejów, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Radziejów, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Bombing of Wesel in World War II

The German town of Wesel was heavily bombed in Allied air raids during World War II. Between this and the attacks in support of the crossing of the Rhine, the town was devastated.
Wesel became a target of the Allies, particularly in its strategic position with a depot and the Wesel Railway Bridge over the Rhine. On the 16, 17, 18 and 19 February 1945, the town was attacked by the British Royal Air Force with impact and air-burst weapons and almost entirely destroyed.
The Rhine and Lippe bridges were blown by the Wehrmacht, among others, on 10 March 1945. The 1,950m long railway bridge was the last Rhine bridge remaining in German hands.
On 23 March, Wesel came under the fire of over 3,000 guns when it was bombarded anew, in preparation for Operation Plunder. That day 80 Lancasters from No. 3 Group RAF attacked Wesel. Then that night of 23/24 March, 195 Lancasters and 23 Mosquitos of RAF Bomber Command No. 5 Group aided in the softening up of the German defenders. 97% of the town was destroyed before it was finally taken by Allied troops and the population had fallen from almost 25,000 in 1939 to 1,900 in May 1945.
The town was taken quickly. Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, said "the bombing of Wesel was a masterpiece, and was a decisive factor in making possible our entry into the town before midnight."
# WSKY

WSKY may refer to:
* WSKY (AM), a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to Asheville, North Carolina, United States
* WSKY-FM, a radio station (97.3 FM) licensed to Micanopy, Florida, United States
* WSKY-TV, a television station (channel 13, virtual 4) licensed to Manteo, North Carolina, United States
# Alton Lane

Alton Lane is an American menswear company founded in 2009 by Colin Hunter and Peyton Jenkins, graduates of the University of Virginia. Alton Lane offers modern bespoke suits, blazers, trousers, tuxedos, and shirts. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, and its suits are produced in Germany, Italy, and Thailand. Alton lane uses a combination of 3D body scanners and hand measurements to produce fully custom clothing.

## History

Hunter and Jenkins quit their jobs as a management consultant and a history teacher/commercial realtor, respectively, and cashed in their life savings to fund the business.
In 2015, Alton Lane raised $7.5 million to fund expansion.

## Showrooms

Alton Lane has showrooms in New York City, Boston, Washington D.C., Richmond, Virginia Dallas, Chicago, and San Francisco, with future locations being built in Nashville, Savannah, Georgia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.
Alton Lane operates on an appointment-only basis. Each client is measured using a 3D scanner. Clients select a style and fabric for their garment, and the measurements are sent to the manufacturer in Massachusetts where the clothing is made. In approximately 4–6 weeks, the garments are delivered directly to the showroom and the client is invited back to the showroom for a personal fitting.
# Roa, Ivory Coast

Roa is a village in southeastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Adiaké, Adiaké Department, Sud-Comoé Region, Comoé District.
Roa was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Speechless (Robin Schulz song)

"Speechless" is a song by German producer Robin Schulz, featuring vocals from Canadian-Finnish singer Erika Sirola. It was released by Warner Music Group Germany, to digital download and streaming formats, on 16 November 2018. The song was written by Schulz, Chris Braide, Teemu Brunila, Dennis "Junkx" Bierbrodt, Guido Kramer, Jürgen Rohr and Stefan Dabruck. Production was handled by Schulz and Junkx.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| Belgium (BEA) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | Platinum | 200,000$^‡$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Platinum | 400,000$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | 3× Platinum | 150,000$^‡$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Platinum | 20,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Sax (cigarette)

SAX (also known as SAX Musical) is an Italian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by BAT Italia, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

## History

The brand was founded in 1961 and was sold in a traditional red pack with a saxophone emitting music until 1979, when the design was overhauled and the pack design was changed to dark green. It is known as one of the older-style brand of cigarettes, along with MS and Alfa.
The brand was originally owned by the "Monopolio di Stato" or State Monopoly in English, until the Ente Tabacchi Italiani company was founded in 1998 and took over all manufacturing. After ETI got taken over by British American Tobacco and became BAT Italia, the company is responsible for production of the brand.
The brand is currently marketed as a mid-tier brand which is not too expensive.
In March 2004, it was reported that the price of cigarettes was increased by 50 cents and a pack of SAX cigarettes cost €2,80.
In January 2015, it was reported that the price of cigarettes was increased by 40 cents and a pack of SAX cigarettes cost €4,50.
As of 2017, a 20-pack of SAX cigarettes cost €4,40.

## Controversy
### Italian smokers want compensation over deceit of cigarettes

In June 2010, it was reported that 3.5 million Italian smokers demanded compensation from BAT Italia due to the increasement of the addictiveness of their cigarettes and not eliminating the nicotine in their cigarettes. The compensation that every person can claim is €3000 and the brands in question are MS, Alfa, Bis, Brera, Colombo, Cortina, Esportazione, Eura, HB, Kent, Lido, MS Club, Mundial, Nazionale, Nazionali, N80, Rothmans, SAX Musical, St. Moritz, Stop, Super, Zenit, Vogue, Dunhill, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall.

## Sponsorship
### MotoGP

SAX cigarettes were a sponsor of the Aprilia Racing Team in the 2003 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.

## Products

Below is a list of all the SAX cigarette variants:
* SAX Musical Passion (Formerly called SAX Special and SAX Red)
* SAX Musical Emotion (Formerly called SAX Light and SAX Blu)
* SAX Musical Sensation (Formerly known as SAX Ultra and SAX Azure)

## Ingredients

The following ingredients are used in all SAX cigarette variants:
* Tobacco
* Water
* Monopropylene Glycol
* Sugars (sucrose, invert sugar, cane sugar, sorbitol)
* Licorice juice
* Cocoa
* Honey
* Natural and artificial flavors
# R v Woollin

R v Woollin was a decision of the highest court of law-defining in English criminal law, in which the subject of intention in mens rea, especially for murder was examined and refined.

## Facts

Having given various explanations for his three-month-old son's injuries in the ambulance and in the first two police interviews, Woollin eventually admitted that he had 'lost his cool' when his son would not stop crying for hours. He had picked him up, shaken him and thrown him across the room with considerable force towards a pram next to a wall about 5 feet (1.5 m) away. He stated that he had not intended nor thought that he would kill the child and had not wanted the child to die. His actions caused the infant's death as the child hit the floor hard, missing the pram.

## Appeals

Woollin's murder conviction was quashed (but not so in the Court of Appeal); leave having been given by the House not the lower court, as the jury instructions were there had to be "substantial risk" of death or grievous bodily harm, which was held to be far wider in scope than virtual certainty; and the actions duly considered in the round on the facts stated as proven by the jury fell short of virtual certainty.
Lord Steyn affirmed the test in R v Nedrick, and Lord Hope of Craighead substituted the verb 'infer' for more common 'find', in the formula by which the jury can find indirect intention, i.e. the intention of the person who does not aim to kill or even to cause grievous bodily harm but nonetheless takes (what he knows to be) an outrageously high risk of doing so to someone around, where the result of the action was virtually certain to be death or grievous bodily harm (objective test), and the defendant personally foresaw this (subjective test):
   Where the charge is murder and in the rare cases where the simple direction is not enough, the jury should be directed that they are not entitled to find the necessary intention, unless they feel sure that death or serious bodily harm was a virtual certainty (barring some unforeseen intervention) as a result of the defendant's actions and that the defendant appreciated that such was the case.
That verb "entitles" rather than say "obliged" or "have to" connotes that they have no obligation to find the intention—it stresses the second limb requirement: they need to feel there is circumstantial evidence (or an admission) for a consensus that the defendant must surely have appreciated death or serious injury would almost certainly happen.

## Reception

In R v Matthews and Alleyne, the Court of Appeal concluded that the Woollin test was an evidential rather than substantial rule of law: judges ought to instruct jurors that they may interpret what they would see as certain knowledge on the defendant's part of the virtually certain consequence of death as evidence of intention, but Woollin does not substantively define a secondary type of intention.
The formula is controversial per a large body of academic experts as it gives no illustrations of when knowledge can be rightly and wrongly imputed (ascribed to a person), and gives breadth for possible leniency on grounds unknown.
# Patloni

Patloni is an Indian village about 5 kilometres (3.1mi) from Baldeo on the road joining to Agra. The foundation of Patlauni village was laid something in 1625
The village has about 10,000 residents and 5 intermediate colleges and one degree college.(GLR degree college)
Patloni / Patlauni is a village in Mahavan tehsil of Mathura district. It is very big village having population 10000. This village is business hub and centric location of nearby villages. It has educational institutions, co-operative societies, post office, cold storages, bank, water overhead tank and other facilities too.
Many native citizens of Patloni are government officers, defense officers, educationalist, industrialist and big political figures. Professor Dr. D K Gautam (Kishori Raman Degree College) is from this village Patlauni.
Professor Dinesh Kumar Gautam is an internationally known Scientist in the field of Electronics Technology. He was born and brought up in this Patlauni village.
And from this village Akhil Gautam, the grandson of Late Shri Shivnandan Gautam (Baspuria), is working as a lieutenant in the Indian Army, who has got the distinction of joining the Indian Army (NDA) at the age of 17.
Social composition of village: There are jat Brahmin, Vaishya, & Chamaar (SC) are main Hindu castes in this village. Roughly 50% Brahmin (mainly Gautam) 20% Jat 5% Vaishya (mainly Mittal) 15% SC (mainly Chamar) 10% other castes
Business composition of village: Mostly villagers dependent on farming. Few are in local business. 50%: Farming and government jobs 40%: Business 10%: Migrated outside
One more important point to add here it is that around 30% of family has at least one member of family is serving in Army.
Orkut Community https://web.archive.org/web/20100108202310/http://www.orkut.com/Main#Community?rl=cpn&cmm=39703068
Map Link http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=27.379694&lon=77.8685188&z=17&l=0&m=b
23°35′N 79°33′E﻿ / ﻿23.583°N 79.550°E﻿ / 23.583; 79.550
* This Mathura district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alton Junction

The Alton Junction, more commonly known as the 21st Street Crossing, is a historically significant rail location in Chicago, Illinois. The junction can be found just east of Canal Street and north of Cermak Road near Chicago's Chinatown. It is located just south of a massive vertical lift bridge that spans the South Branch of the Chicago River and "guards" the entrance to Chicago's Union Station. While a significant amount of rail traffic still traverses this interlock every day, it has been greatly reduced from using 26 diamonds to control over 150 trains using the crossing.
The north–south line is the former Pennsylvania Railroad (Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago) mainline, which is now owned and operated by Amtrak as the southern gateway to the Union Station complex. The Norfolk Southern's Chicago Line and the former BNSF Southern Transcon terminate at the southern entrance to the interlocking, but both NS and Burlington Northern Santa Fe trains have trackage rights over the bridge to access the BNSF east–west main line. All of Amtrak's East Coast bound and Michigan trains use this track. The east–west line now belongs to the Canadian National Railway. It at one time was owned by Illinois Central and was the carrier's route out of its Central Station to Iowa.
Alton Junction was controlled by a manned interlocking tower until 2005 when Amtrak transferred control to its new Chicago Terminal control center. Known as 21st Street tower, its operators handled movements through the busy plant using a US&S Model 14 electro-pneumatic interlocking machine. In its final years 21st St took remote control of the closed NYC Clark St tower on the joint NYC/CRI&P tracks at 16th St
# Speleogenesis

Speleogenesis is the origin and development of caves, the primary process that determines essential features of the hydrogeology of karst and guides its evolution. It often deals with the development of caves through limestone, caused by the presence of water with carbon dioxide dissolved within it, producing carbonic acid which permits the dissociation of the calcium carbonate in the limestone.

## Limestone

The majority of limestone caves are formed by calcium carbonate dissolution by the solvent action of meteoric waters circulating through the rock.
In the presence of carbon dioxide saturated water, calcium carbonate reacts to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate.
    CaCO$_3$ + CO$_2$ + H$_2$O → Ca(HCO$_3$)$_2$
As meteoric waters precipitate they dissolve atmospheric carbon dioxide to form a dilute carbonic acid solution, which builds up in permeable fissures, bedding planes, joints, and faults within limestone rocks. The exposed limestone then reacts to become calcium bicarbonate which dissolves in the water and is removed from the fault as the solution flows away.
Phreatic passages develop in conditions of complete water-fill meaning that ceilings and walls may be eroded as readily as floors. The form is generally that of an ellipse along the host fissure, whilst more circular forms generally indicate faster solvent flow and deep pockets are often indicative of slower flow.
Vadose passages develop where the water has a free surface (i.e., in the vadose zone), and are varieties of entrenched, canyon-like channels as found with surface rivers. It is common to see a younger canyon entrenched in the floor of a phreatic passage, signifying a lowering of the water table.
Scalloping of cave surfaces may arise in passages of either type as dissolution occurs, further enlarging the passage.