OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pierre Louis Charles de Failly

Pierre-Louis Charles de Failly (21 January 1810 – 15 November 1892) was a French general.
He was born in Rozoy-sur-Serre, Aisne, the son of Count Charles-Louis de Failly (descendant of a family of ancient nobility from Lorraine), and of Sophie Desmons de Maigneux. He was educated at the Saint-Cyr and entered the army in 1828.
By 1851, he had risen to the rank of colonel. Napoleon III, with whom he had favor, made him general of brigade in 1854 and general of division in 1855, after which Failly was for a time his aide-de-camp. During the Crimean War he served in the siege of Sevastopol. During the Austro-Sardinian War he commanded the 3rd Infantry Division in the 4th Corps. In 1867, he led the French expeditionary corps sent to protect the Papal States with which he defeated Giuseppe Garibaldi at Mentana, this action being the first in which the Chassepot rifle was used. Back in France, he was made a senator for life.
In 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, Failly commanded the 5th Corps. His inactivity at Bitche on 6 August while the 1st Corps on his right and the 2nd Corps on his left were crushed at the battles of Wörth and Spicheren respectively, gave rise to the greatest indignation in France. Failly then commanded the right wing of Marshal de Mac-Mahon's Army of Châlons during the Sedan campaign, and the disastrous outcome of that campaign is partly ascribed to Failly's tactics, though he is certainly no more to blame than the other French generals. Failly and his 5th Corps were routed at Beaumont on 30 August 1870 by two corps led by George of Saxony. In this battle the French were surprised in their cantonments and driven back upon Mouzon. The defeat closed the southern escape route and forced the French Army of Châlons towards the Belgian frontier and encirclement at Sedan. He was captured by the Prussians at Sedan on 2 September, but was liberated some months later.
The rest of his life was spent in retirement. He died at Compiègne, aged 82.
Failly wrote Campagne de 1870. Opérations et marches du 5ème corps jusqu'au 31 août (Brussels, 1871).
# Sabah bow-fingered gecko

The Sabah bow-fingered gecko (Cyrtodactylus ingeri), also known commonly as Inger's bow-fingered gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Sabah in Malaysia.

## Etymology

The specific name, ingeri, is in honor of American herpetologist Robert F. Inger.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of C. ingeri is forest, at altitudes from sea level to 800 m (2,600 ft).

## Description

C. ingeri may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 8 cm (3.1 in).

## Behavior

C. ingeri is arboreal.

## Diet

C. ingeri preys upon arthropods.

## Reproduction

C. ingeri is oviparous. Clutch size is two eggs. Each egg measures 12 mm x 9 mm (.47 in x .35 in).
# Thondamandendal

Thondamandendal is a village in the
Avadaiyarkoilrevenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.
# Americano

Americano may refer to:

## Drinks

* Caffè americano, a style of coffee prepared by adding hot water to espresso
* Americano (apéritif), a variety of apéritif
* Americano (cocktail), a cocktail composed of Campari, sweet vermouth, and club soda

## Arts and entertainment
### Films

* The Americano (1916 film), a 1916 film directed by John Emerson
* The Americano (1955 film), a 1956 film directed by William Castle
* Americano (2005 film), a 2005 film
* Americano (2011 film), a 2011 film
* El Americano: The Movie, a 2016 film

### Music

* "Americano" (song), a 2011 song by Lady Gaga
* "The Americano", instrumental single by Xavier Cugat 1954
* "Americano", a cover of the Renato Carosone song "Tu vuò fà l'americano" by The Brian Setzer Orchestra from the album Vavoom!
* ¡Americano!, a 2004 album by Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers
* "Americanos" (song), a 1989 song by Holly Johnson

### Theatre

* ¡Americano! (musical), a 2020 musical

## Places

* Americano Creek, a river in Sonoma County, California, US
* Rancho Estero Americano, a Mexican land grant in Sonoma County, California, US

## Sports

* Americano Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football (soccer) club from Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro
* Americano Futebol Clube (MA), a Brazilian football club in Bacabal, Maranhão
* Sport Club Americano, a defunct Brazilian football (soccer) club from Santos, São Paulo
* Sport Club Americano (Porto Alegre), a defunct Brazilian football (soccer) club from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
# Siri Hatlen

Siri Beate Hatlen (born 5 May 1957) is a Norwegian businessperson. A "Sivilingeniør" by education with several years in the petroleum industry, since 1996 she has been an independent consultant. After succeeding in turning operations in various companies in the late 1990s, she has become best known as a health executive. She was the chair of the Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority during its entire existence from 2001 to 2006, later chief executive officer of Oslo University Hospital from 2009 to 2011.

## Career

Hatlen holds a "Sivilingeniør" degree in chemistry from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1980 and a Master of Business Administration from INSEAD in 1991. While studying chemistry she chaired the Conservative Students' Association in Trondheim and was a board member of the Student Society in Trondheim and the publishing house Tapir. In her early career she worked in the petroleum for Elf Aquitaine and Statoil. Among others, she was responsible for the completion of the oil platform Gullfaks C.
In 1996 she left Statoil, and became independent with a connection to the consulting firm Kjeld Rimberg & Co. During this period, she was hired as chief executive of Universitetsforlaget from 1996 to 1997 and the Henie-Onstad Art Centre from 1998 to 1999, with a specialty in turning downward facing economic trends in the institutions. She was also an adviser in the Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art. She was later a full-time chair of the Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority from 2001 to 2006. This was then merged to form the South Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. Hatlen was asked to become chair here, but rejected the offer.
She has also been chair of Vinmonopolet, Det Norske Samlaget, Undervisningsbygg and the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund, and a board member of Petroleum Geo-Services, Helsebygg Midt-Norge, Interconsult, Blom, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kongsberg Gruppen, Smedvig, Hands, the Norwegian Glacier Museum, Det Norske Teatret, and Oslo Lufthavn.
In 2007 she was hired as corporate director in Statkraft. In 2009 she went on to be chief executive officer of Oslo University Hospital, Scandinavia's largest hospital with 22,000 employees. Later that year she backed down as chair of Vinmonopolet and Det Norske Samlaget. She resigned in 2011 following disagreements with the board of directors (headed by Göran Stiernstedt) over long-term planning.
Hatlen continued her business career as chair of Sevan Marine from 2011 and Entra Eiendom from 2012, and President of the Organizing Committee for the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer as well as board member of Export Credit Norway.

## Personal life

She hails from Bærum and still resides there. She is married to Birger Magnus, whom she met during her studies in Trondheim, and has four children.
# Raffaele Ciappa

Raffaele Ciappa (born Fanno 1760 - died after 1820s) was an Italian painter, active in a Neoclassical style. He was active mostly as a copyist and restorer.

## Biography

He was active in Naples. Along with Andrea Celestino, he help restore and design protections for antique Roman fresco paintings at Pompei. In Naples, among his pupils were Giuliano Crognale and Raffaele Carelli.
# White City, Florida

White City may refer to:
* White City, Gulf County, Florida, an unincorporated community northeast of Port St. Joe
* White City, St. Lucie County, Florida, an unincorporated community and census-designated place south of Fort Pierce
# Amir Ali Majid

Amir Ali Majid is a former judge, legal scholar and author born in Gojra, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Biography

He was in his second year at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad when he lost his sight. Nevertheless, he went on to receive his B.A., LL.B., LL.M., as well as diplomas in Air and Space Law and International Law.
He is the first blind person in the world to become a Doctor of Civil Law (McGill University). In addition, he is a member of the Higher Education Academy. He sat as a First-tier Immigration Judge for a number of years. In 2018 he was heavily criticised by a panel of Upper Tribunal judiciary as to certain "shambolic" judgments of his which were consequently set aside for very serious errors of law.
His other accomplishments include:
* Reader in international law, London Metropolitan University
* Part-time immigration judge, until he resigned on 7 December 2017 following extensive criticism of his legal ability (see Criticism, below)
* Adjunct professor in law, Webster University
* Visiting professor (1996), Quaid-e-Azam University
* Senior research fellow (2001), Islamabad Policy Research Institute
* Erasmus Lecturer, 2003, Frankfurt, Germany
He has published one book, newspaper articles and 35 articles in British, German, Dutch, and American journals.
In 2003, he met with Pakistan's president Pervez Musharraf to discuss disability rights in the country.

## Recognition

* In 2003 he received the Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Distinction), the second highest civilian honour in Pakistan.
* He was granted the Life Learning Award by the Kashmir and Pakistan Professionals Association on 17 July 2005.

## Criticism

* As first a First-Tier UK immigration tribunal Judge his judgements have received an unprecedented level of criticism from the Upper Tribunal questioning his competency and knowledge of the law:...there is a virtue in brevity. But the basic requirements of a judicial decision must be met in all cases. It is necessary to set out sufficient of the facts to give a context to the dispute; sufficient of the evidence and submissions to show what the dispute was; findings on any disputed material fact and sufficient and adequate reasons for those findings; and adequate reasons for the conclusion, derived from the facts and the applicable legal rules. In the decisions under appeal before us it is not easy to find even one of those basic requirements being met. The reasons given are not proper, intelligible or accurate. The failures amount to errors of law. ...We regard the body of his work that we have examined in the course of these appeals as wholly failing to meet the standards that are demanded ...every one of the decisions under appeal shows error of law, in most cases serious error, in most cases multiple serious errors. Whether the decisions are looked at together or separately, they show that nobody should assume that Judge Majid has an adequate knowledge of the law or of his task as a judge...
# Whinless Down

Whinless Down is a 19.3-hectare (48-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Dover, Kent. It is owned by Dover Town Council and managed by the White Cliffs Countryside Partnership.
Dover Castle can be viewed from the down, which has rare plants such as cypress spurge, horseshoe vetch and crown vetch. There are also uncommon butterflies and moths including Adonis blue, Chalkhill blue, Scarce forester moth and Silver spotted skipper.
There is access by a footpath from Kings Road and paths leading from behind Elms Vale Recreation Ground, There is also access via High Meadow and the adjoining Nemo Down.
Whinless Down, High Meadow and Nemo Down together form a network of pathways covering an area of over 60.7-hectare (150 acres).
# Ampthill (disambiguation)

Ampthill is the name of several things around the world.

## Places
### United Kingdom

* Ampthill, a town in Bedfordshire, England
* Ampthill Park, an estate in Ampthill, Bedfordshire, England
* Ampthill RUFC, a rugby club in Ampthill, England
* Ampthill Town F.C., a football club in Ampthill, England
* Ampthill Clay, a geologic formation in England
* Ampthill Tunnel, a railway tunnel near Ampthill, England
* Ampthill Rural District, a rural district in Bedfordshire, England that existed from 1894 to 1974
* Ampthill railway station, a railway station near Ampthill, England

### United States

* Ampthill (Chesterfield County, Virginia), an 18th-century plantation in Chesterfield County, Virginia
* Ampthill (Cumberland County, Virginia), an 1830s plantation in Cumberland County, Virginia

## People

* Baron Ampthill, a title of peerage in the United Kingdom
# White vine-stem

A white vine-stem or white vine is a kind of border or initial decoration found in illuminated manuscripts and incunabula. Sometimes the Italian term bianchi girari is also used in English.
The decoration consists of entangled white vines, usually contrasted with a colourful background. The stems themselves are often simply parchment left unpainted. It became popular among Florentine illuminators in the early 15th century, as a conscious imitation of forms found in Romanesque illuminated manuscripts, thought at the time to be antique forms. For this reason, it was considered suitable to use white vine-stems to decorate texts by classical authors and humanist books. From Florence the use of white vine-stems as a decorative element later spread to Rome and Naples, not least through the prolific work of Gioacchino de’ Gigantibus, during the second half of the century.
# Ampthill Clay

The Ampthill Clay is a Mesozoic geologic formation in southern England. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

## Vertebrate paleofauna

* Cryptosaurus eumerus "Femur."
# Amphiodia habilis

Amphiodia habilis is a species of brittle star belonging to the family Amphiuridae. It is only known from a single locality off the coast of southeastern Brazil, near the mouth of the Doce River.
This brittle star, with a disc diameter of 3.5 mm and arm length of 20 mm, can be most readily distinguished from congeners by the thick disc with large armoured plates on the upperside.
# Skrzypiec

Skrzypiec may refer to the following places:
* Skrzypiec, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Skrzypiec, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Skrzypiec, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# SS Samselbu

SS Samselbu was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was transferred to the British Ministry of War Transportation (MoWT) upon completion.

## Construction

Samselbu was laid down on 1 March 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2354, by J.A. Jones Construction, Brunswick, Georgia; sponsored by Mrs. William H. Barnhardt, and launched on 16 April 1944.

## History

She was allocated to Runciman Shipping, on 26 April 1944. On 19 March 1945, she struck a mine off Belgium, at 51°23′N 03°06′E﻿ / ﻿51.383°N 3.100°E﻿ / 51.383; 3.100, and sunk.
# Wiesław Śpiewak

Bishop Wiesław Śpiewak, C.R. (born 19 October 1963) is a Polish-born Bermudian Roman Catholic prelate who serves as the first Diocesan Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda since 13 June 2015.

## Education

Bishop Śpiewak was born into a Polish Roman Catholic family in Kraków and was parishioner of the Resurrection parish in Wola Duchacka district.
After completion of his school education, he joined a religious congregation of the Resurrectionists and after the novitiate made a profession on 15 September 1984. He consequently studied philosophy at the Vincentian Institute in Kraków and continued his studies of theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, Italy, the master's degree at the Academy of Theology in Kraków and the licentiate of the Spirituality degree at the Salesian Pontifical University in Rome and was ordained a priest on 19 May 1990 by Bishop Stanisław Smoleński in Kraków, after completed his philosophical and theological studies.

## Pastoral, administrative and educational work

After his ordination Fr. Śpiewak was engaged in the different services and from 1990 until 1992 was a Vice-Rector of the Minor Seminary of the Resurrectionists in Poznań, Poland; during 1992–1995 was a Vocational Pastoral Director and Secretary of the Provincial Superior in Warsaw and Kraków and during 1996–1997 was a Vocational Pastoral Director and Head of the Emmaus Vocation Center in Mszana Górna.
In 1997 he was transferred to Rome and here held a various positions at the Generalate. During 1998–2014 was a Postulator General of the Resurrections, while served a parish priest of Santa Maria Maddalena in Capranica Prenestina in the Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina from 1998 until 2003, when he returned to Rome to serve at the Generalate. Later he returned to Poland and was elected a Provincial Superior of the Resurrectionists in Poland (2010–2015).

## Prelate

On 13 June 2015, Fr. Śpiewak was appointed by Pope Francis as a Diocesan Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda. On 1 October 2015, he was consecrated as bishop by his predecessor, Bishop Emeritus Robert Kurtz and other prelates of the Roman Catholic Church in the Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux in Hamilton, Bermuda is the feast of St. Thérèse of Lisieux.
# South African National Defence Union

The South African National Defence Union (SANDU) is a South African trade union for SANDF members. It is not affiliated to any trade union federation as state by COSATU. Military trade Unions in South Africa are by law not allowed to affiliate. SANDU is apolitical.
In April 2016, after the Constitutional Court found that President Zuma had failed to uphold the country's constitution, and Zuma responded with only an apology, the union backed mass action to remove the president.
# Amish (disambiguation)

The Amish are an Anabaptist Christian denomination and its offshoots.
Amish may also refer to:
* Amish, Iowa, United States
* Amish Tripathi, Indian author
* The Amish (film), a 2012 documentary film
# South Africa–Zimbabwe border

The border between South Africa and Zimbabwe is 225 kilometres (140 mi) long, and follows the median line of the Limpopo River.

## Geography

The western tripoint with Botswana is located at the confluence of the Shashe River with the Limpopo. The location of the eastern tripoint with Mozambique is not entirely certain; it is situated either at the confluence of the Luvuvhu River with the Limpopo, or at a point nearby in the Limpopo defined by beacons on the Mozambique–Zimbabwe border. The border was established by the Pretoria Convention of 1881 and restated by the London Convention of 1884 which defined the boundaries of the South African Republic (the Transvaal Republic). The South African Republic subsequently became the Transvaal Colony and then part of the Union of South Africa, while north of the Limpopo Matabeleland became part of Southern Rhodesia which became Zimbabwe.
There is a single crossing at Beit Bridge, where the South African N1 highway and the Zimbabwean A6 highway are joined by the Alfred Beit Road Bridge. A separate bridge carries a railway line, which is connected to Pretoria in South Africa and to Rutenga and Bulawayo in Zimbabwe.
# SafeBreach

SafeBreach is a cybersecurity company based in Sunnyvale, California and Tel Aviv, Israel. The company has developed a platform that simulates hacker breach methods, running continuous "war games" to identify breach scenarios across network systems. SafeBreach is a pioneer in the emerging category of breach and attack simulation. The company's platform provides a “hacker's view” of an enterprise’s security posture to predict attacks, validate security controls and improve SOC analyst response. SafeBreach is funded by Sequoia Capital, Hewlett-Packard pathfinder, Deutsche Telekom Capital Partners and others.

## History

SafeBreach was founded in September 2014 by CEO Guy Bejerano and CTO Itzik Kotler in Tel Aviv. Prior to founding the company, Bejerano had worked as a chief information security officer and Kotler had spent time in the Israel Defense Force's technology unit as a hacker. In July 2015, the company raised $4 million in seed funding from an investor group led by angel investor, Shlomo Kramer, and Sequoia Capital.
In July 2016, the company raised an additional $15 million in series A funding from existing investors along with participation from new investors Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, Deutsche Telekom, and Maverick Ventures. XZBy this time, the company was operating in both Sunnyvale, California and Tel Aviv. In May 2018, the company raised $18 million in Series B funding from six investors. In April 2020 the company raised an additional $19 million in Series C funding from six investors.
Around 70 percent of the company's personnel works at the Tel Aviv office (largely on research and development).

## Products

In April 2021, Gartner VP of Research Peter Firstbrook included Breach and Attack Simulation among The Top Security & Risk Management Trends for 2021 as a tool to “provide continuous defensive posture assessments” and recommended it be used for establishing a continuous testing capability, for testing security control efficacy and prioritizing future investments, and for testing changes to security strategy.
SafeBreach's primary product is a continuous security validation platform that constantly runs breach simulations on a client's network to theoretically and proactively locate and remediate security issues. The platform simulates hacker breach methods such as brute force, exploits, and malware. Using a library of hacker breach methods called the "Hacker's Playbook," SafeBreach develops potential breach scenarios specific to a client's environment and runs simulations to identify whether or not the security defenses that are in place can defend itself. There are thousands of different possible breach scenarios depending on a client's unique network setup.
In February 2020, SafeBreach announced the release of two new capabilities, Risk-based Vulnerability Management Integration and Cloud Native Container Security - designed to address problems that face Security and Development teams.
In January 2021 SafeBreach announced their new Dashboards which enable security teams to aggregate data and reporting for better security visibility and more informed decision making.
# Wiesbaden Swing

Wiesbaden Swing is a script typeface, created by the German communication designer Rosemarie Kloos-Rau. Since the 1992 release by Linotype, several character sets have been published, including dingbats.

## History

Rosemarie Kloos-Rau is a calligrapher and typographer and was awarded in 1983 with the Rudo Spemann award. Until the 1990s, she worked as an illustrator and published together with Michael Rau the book Script Types in 1993. In 1992, she published the typeface Wiesbaden Swing for Linotype, named after Wiesbaden, the German regional capital of Hesse, where Kloos-Rau lives in the suburb of Biebrich. In 1997, Alexei Chekulayev created a version with cyrillic characters, and in 1999 a bold font style was published. Also, Dingbats are available.
In 2010, the graphical prototype of the typeface was incorporated into the Berlin Collection on Calligraphy in the archive of Academy of Arts, Berlin. To mark the 30th anniversary, in January 2022 the exhibition "Wiesbaden Swing: A Typeface Dances Around the World" was shown at the New Town Hall in Wiesbaden.

## Style

Following the German DIN standard 16518, Wiesbaden Swing is considered a script typeface or handwritten roman type. The typeface is rounded, but the characters are not connected. The author states that the typeface allows for a "fresh and unconventional" handling of the typography.

## Usage

The typeface is used for headlines, slogans and mark designations, and as a celebration font, for example on greeting cards. It is frequently used in the food sector, examples are Maggi soup tureen, Lieken Weberli, Zentis jam, Alnatura tea und coffee, Duplo of Kinder Chocolate and Milka. The typeface is advertised as one of the "famous Linotype fonts from the last decade".