OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project

The Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that researches the behavior of marine animals through the use of ocean telemetry and data management systems. This system of telemetry consists of highly efficient lines of acoustic receivers that create sections of the continental shelf along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The acoustic receivers pick up signals from the tagged animals as they pass along the lines, allowing for the documentation of movement patterns. The receivers also allow for the estimation of parameters such as swimming speed and mortality. The trackers sit on the seabed of the continental shelf and in the major rivers of the world. This method can be used to improve fishing skills and management.
The program started in 2002 and was initially limited to the study of the movement and ocean-survival of both hatchery-raised and wild salmon in the Pacific Northwest. After the successful pilot period, the program has now moved into the tracking of trout, sharks, rockfish, and lingcod.
# Poker Creek–Little Gold Creek Border Crossing

The Poker Creek–Little Gold Creek Border Crossing is located on the Top of the World Highway, which connects the communities of Chicken, Alaska and Dawson, Yukon on the Canada–United States border. This crossing is notable for being the northernmost international border crossing in North America.

## History

The Top of the World Highway was completed around 1955, but the US performed border inspection services about 120 miles (190 km) away in Tok, Alaska until 1971, when it built a log cabin-style inspection station at the border. In 2001, the US and Canada constructed a joint border inspection station, where inspectors from both countries occupy a single facility. A line painted on the floor in the building marks the US-Canada border.
# Walter Blake fitz John

Walter Blake fitz John, Bishop of Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, died 1508.
Blake was the son of John Blake fitz William, third Mayor of Galway (1487–88). His mother was Annabel Burke, and his brothers were Geoffrey, Andrew and Peter.
Blake was appointed Archbishop of Tuam on 8 August 1483 but did not take effect. He was appointed instead to Clonmacnoise on 26 March 1487. He served in that capacity till his death in 1508.
# Allin

Allin is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Buddy Allin (1944–2007), American golfer
* GG Allin (1956–1993), punk rock singer-songwriter and musician
* Merle Allin (born 1953), American bassist
* Norman Allin (1884–1973), British bass singer
* Roger Allin (1848–1936), American politician
* Rosena Allin-Khan, British politician
* Sir Thomas Allin, 1st Baronet (17th century), English naval officer
Given name:
* Allin Braund (1915–2004), British artist
* Eric Allin Cornell (born 1961), American physicist
* Allin Kempthorne (born 1973), British actor and magician
# Africa Development Indicators

The World Bank Africa Development Indicators is a compilation of data, assembled by the World Bank, representing over 1,400 indicators of development in Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Methodology and scope

The information is updated annually from a variety of sources with datasets being available from 1960 onwards. Topics covered by the data include national accounts, balance of payments, trade, demography, health, education, transport, energy and the environment and the Millennium Development Goals. The World Bank aims at giving a broad picture of development across Africa, including 53 countries in five different country-groups.
While most of the data is provided by the World Bank, a lot of it comes from different sources which is then put together under the World Bank Africa Development Indicators. With the contribution of organisation such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the International Road Federation and the International Telecommunication Union, the World Resources Institute, the International Labour Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, etc. it is possible to provide information on this extremely high level of detail which is one of the key features of the data.

## Accessing the data

The Economic and Social Data Service International provides the macro-economic datasets free of charge for members of UK higher and further education institutions. In order to access the data, users have to be registered which can be done here. Alternatively, the data is available to download on the World Bank Africa Development Indicators website, which requires a subscription.
# Pollicization

Pollicization (or pollicisation) is a hand surgery technique in which a thumb is created from an existing finger. Typically this consists of surgically migrating the index finger to the position of the thumb in patients who are either born without a functional thumb (most common) or in patients who have lost their thumb traumatically and are not amenable to other preferred methods of thumb reconstruction such as toe-to-hand transfers.
During pollicization the index finger metacarpal bone is cut and the finger is rotated approximately 120 to 160 degrees and replaced at the base of the hand at the usual position of the thumb. The arteries and veins are left attached. If nerves and tendons are available from the previous thumb these are attached to provide sensation and movement to the new thumb ("neopollex"). If the thumb is congenitally absent other tendons from the migrated index finger may be shortened and rerouted to provide good movement.
The presence of an opposable thumb is considered important for manipulation of most objects in the physical world. Children born without thumbs often adapt to the condition very well with few limitations, so the decision to proceed with pollicization lies with the child's parents with the recommendation of their surgeon. Persons who have grown to adulthood with functional thumbs and then lost a thumb find it highly beneficial to have a thumb reconstruction, not only from a functional but from a mental and emotional standpoint.
Other cases for pollicization are:
* Where someone is born with a hand which has five fingers, but the radialmost finger is an ordinary finger and not a thumb.
* Floating thumb: this congenital defect is a hypoplastic thumb without its metacarpal and without the muscles needed to operate it. Surgical experience shows that it is best to fillet its bones out and use its skin as spare skin to line the cleft when pollicizing the index finger.
    (Attempt to salvage a floating thumb include transferring the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle as a thumb flexor, and making a thumb metacarpal out of a metatarsal bone taken from a foot; but this leaves an inadequate thumb, and a wrist weakness, and foot damage.)
* There has been at least one case of pollicizing the little finger.
# 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's shot put

The men's shot put event at the 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 24 February in Vienna.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Reijo Ståhlberg | Finland | 20.47 |
| | Geoff Capes | Great Britain | 20.23 |
| | Vladimir Kiselyov | Soviet Union | 20.01 |
| 4 | Markku Tuokko | Finland | 19.55 |
| 5 | Anatoliy Yarosh | Soviet Union | 19.12 |
| 6 | Jaroslav Brabec | Czechoslovakia | 19.07 |
| 7 | Mike Winch | Great Britain | 17.03 |
| 8 | Hermann Neudolt | Austria | 16.30 |
# Bahare

Bahare is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Bahare has 442 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 40.59%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2294 | 1152 | 1142 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 397 | 213 | 184 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 2278 | 1144 | 1134 |
| Literates | 770 | 495 | 275 |
| Workers (all) | 1223 | 601 | 622 |
| Main workers (total) | 803 | 413 | 390 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 620 | 329 | 291 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 134 | 49 | 85 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 49 | 35 | 14 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 420 | 188 | 232 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 90 | 39 | 51 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 312 | 134 | 178 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 18 | 15 | 3 |
| Non-workers | 1071 | 551 | 520 |
# Paaru

Paaru may refer to:
* Paaru (Kannada TV series), 2018 television series in Kannada language.
* Paaru (Marathi TV series), 2024 television series in Marathi language.
# Camelopardalis OB1

Camelopardalis OB1 (Cam OB1) is a group of young stars that share a common origin and a similar motion through space, but, as a whole, are no longer gravitationally bound. The name indicates this stellar association is located in the area of the Camelopardalis constellation which includes a number of massive, short-lived OB stars. The association is ~3,300 ly (1,000 pc) distant from the Sun, with members lying between 500 pc and 1,500 pc away. It is located on the edge of the local Orion Arm of the Milky Way galaxy and lies outside the traditional Gould Belt.
The member stars were first classified as an association by Georg (Jiří) Alter, B. Y. Israel, and Jaroslav Ruprecht in 1966. The open cluster NGC 1502 is considered a member of Cam OB1. A second cluster in Cam OB1, G144.9+0.4, was identified in 2010 with 91 OB candidate stars. Excluding these clusters, two O-type and 35 B-type stars have been identified as members. Stars have been forming in the region of this association for the last 100 million years, and star formation is still in progress. It has a combined mass of ~5,000 times the mass of the Sun.
# War Angel LP

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllHipHop | (7.5/10) |
| DJBooth | |
| HipHopDX | |
| Pitchfork Media | (1.8/10) |
| RapReviews | (8/10) |
War Angel LP is a mixtape by American rapper 50 Cent. It was released on June 16, 2009, via his community website Thisis50.com as a free download.

## Background

On June 11, 2009, it was announced that 50 Cent was to digitally release new material over his community website. The rapper stated his new project entitled War Angel LP, would be more like a "street album" than a mixtape. 50 Cent also claimed that it will be the "best" underground project to date.
When speaking on the title, 50 Cent stated:
   I didn't want to write 'Angel Demon'. It's not the contrast between good and bad. But...if someone's at war, I'm sure they're saying their prayers. They believe they have angels around them. What would you call an angel around a soldier at war? That's why I titled it that.

### Production and guests

Dr. Dre, one of 50 Cent's mentors, produced the single "Ok, Ya Right", which was originally released several weeks prior as "Ok, You're Right". Robin Thicke, who previously contributed to 50 Cent's album Curtis, is featured on the track "Cocaine". The track "Better Come On Your A Game" also features a background vocal sample from Alan Titchmarsh, British gardening celebrity, discussing the numerous benefits of potted water features.

### Videos

A video for "I'll Do Anything" was released on June 23, 2009, with G-Unit members Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo making guest appearances. Another video, for "Ok, You're Right" was released on July 1, 2009.
# Allen Bert Christman

Allen Bert Christman (May 31, 1915 – January 23, 1942) was an American cartoonist and naval aviator. He is best known as artist of the newspaper comic strip Scorchy Smith, about a pilot-adventurer in the inter-war years. He was also credited with co-creating the original, Wesley Dodds version of the DC Comics character the Sandman.

## Biography

Artist Bert Christman and writer Gardner Fox are generally credited as having co-created the original Wesley Dodd version of the DC Comics character the Sandman. While the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics #40 (cover-dated July 1939), he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 New York World's Fair Comics omnibus, which historians believe appeared on newsstands one to two weeks earlier, while also believing the Adventure Comics story was written and drawn first. Each of the two stories' scripts were credited to the pseudonym "Larry Dean"; Fox wrote the untitled, 10-page story in New York World's Fair #1, while he simply plotted, and Christman scripted, the untitled, six-page story, generally known as "The Tarantula Strikes", in Adventure #40. Creig Flessel, who drew many early Sandman adventures, has sometimes been credited as co-creator on the basis of drawing the Sandman cover of Adventure #40, but no other evidence has surfaced.
Christman gave up his career as an artist, and joined the U.S. Navy in June 1938 as a pilot cadet. He was serving on the aircraft carrier Ranger in 1941 when he was recruited to join the American Volunteer Group to fight the invading Japanese in the skies over China and Burma. The AVG was later famous as the “Flying Tigers.”
During his time with the Tigers, Bert made many friends by using his artistic talents to personalize the noses of the P-40Bs of the “Panda Bear” squadron of the AVG with cartoons and caricatures for the pilots.
In 1942, Christman's plane was shot down and he was killed while parachuting by the Japanese Army Air Force while flying in defense of the Burma Road. He was buried with the full military honors due to being a colonel in the Chinese Air Force.
Bert Christman's grave is located in Grandview Cemetery, Fort Collins, Colorado.
# Afinidad

Afinidad means affinity in Spanish.
Afinidad (in plural Afinidades) may refer to:
* Afinidad Quartet, a musical quartet led by Edward Simon
* Afinidades (album), an album by Clã and Sérgio Godinho
* Afinidades (film), a 2010 film by Vladimir Cruz
# Canary Foundation

The Canary Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to discovering highly sensitive and specific biomarkers of early stage cancer and building tests for these markers. The research goal is to be able to identify cancer through a simple blood test, soon after its development, so that treatment has a higher chance of success.

## Partnerships

It was founded in 2004 by former Cisco Systems executive vice president Don Listwin. As of 2006, the Science Team included the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell, and had partnerships with multiple cancer research centers, including the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Stanford University Medical Center, BC Cancer Agency, and University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.
In June 2009, the Canary Foundation, together with Stanford University, committed $20 million to the creation of a research center dedicated to improving cancer early detection.
# 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump

The men's triple jump event at the 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 25 February in Vienna.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Gennadiy Valyukevich | Soviet Union | 17.02 |
| | Anatoliy Piskulin | Soviet Union | 16.97 |
| | Jaak Uudmäe | Soviet Union | 16.91 |
| 4 | Gábor Katona | Hungary | 16.54 |
| 5 | Béla Bakosi | Hungary | 16.30 |
| 6 | Ramón Cid | Spain | 16.16 |
| 7 | Roberto Mazzucato | Italy | 16.13 |
| 8 | Karel Hradil | Czechoslovakia | 15.89 |
| 9 | Paolo Piapan | Italy | 15.87 |
| 10 | Hannu Puhakka | Finland | 15.79 |
# 2MV

The 2MV planetary probe (short for 2nd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus.
It was an incremental improvement of earlier 1MV probes and was used for the Venera 5 and Venera 6 missions to Venus. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.
All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions. Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.
It was superseded by the 3MV family.

## Design

The probe consisted of three primary parts.

### Orbital Compartment

The core of the stack was a pressurized compartment called the Orbital Compartment measuring 2.1 meters with a diameter of 1.1 meters. Also mounted on the Orbital Compartment was a parabolic high-gain antenna, used for long-range communications.

### Payloads

Depending on the mission, the probe would carry specific instruments or a detachable landing module.

### Engine

Course correction capabilities were provided by a KDU-414 engine attached to the top of the Orbital Compartment.

## Variants

* 2MV-1: Venera 2MV-1 No.1 (Sputnik 19), Venera 2MV-1 No.2 (Sputnik 20)
* 2MV-2: Venera 2MV-2 No.1 (Sputnik 21)
* 2MV-4: Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22), Mars 1 (Mars 2MV-4 or Sputnik 23)
* 2MV-3: Mars 2MV-3 No.1 (Sputnik 24)
* 2V (V-69): Venera 5 (2V (V-69) No.330), Venera 6 (2V (V-69) No.331)
# Ogden Township

Ogden Township may refer to the following places in the United States:
* Ogden Township, Champaign County, Illinois
* Ogden Township, Riley County, Kansas
* Ogden Township, Michigan
# Bertram Bailey

Bertram Theodore Bailey (5 December 1874 – 13 October 1964) was an Australian cricketer. He played eight first-class matches for South Australia between 1896/97 and 1901/02.
# Murder to Mercy: The Cyntoia Brown Story

Murder to Mercy: The Cyntoia Brown Story is a 2020 American documentary film directed by Daniel H. Birman. The premise revolves around Cyntoia Brown, who was 16 years old when she shot and killed Johnny Michael Allen in 2004.

## Release

Murder to Mercy: The Cyntoia Brown Story was released on April 29, 2020, on Netflix.
# Afipia

Afipia is a genus of bacteria in the Nitrobacteraceae family.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.
# Second cabinet of Adolphe Thiers

The Second cabinet of Adolphe Thiers was announced on 1 March 1840 by King Louis Philippe I. It replaced the Second cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult.
The ministry was replaced on 29 October 1840 by the Third cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult.

## Ministers

The cabinet was created by ordinance of 1 March 1840. The ministers were:
* President of the Council of Ministers: Adolphe Thiers
* Foreign Affairs: Adolphe Thiers
* Interior:
** Charles de Rémusat (Minister)
** Léon de Maleville (Sub-secretary of State, from 2 March 1840)
* Justice and Religious Affairs: Alexandre-François Vivien
* War: Amédée Despans-Cubières
* Finance: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère
* Navy and Colonies: Albin Roussin
* Public Education: Victor Cousin
* Public Works: Hippolyte François Jaubert
* Agriculture and Commerce:
** Alexandre Goüin (Minister)
** Adolphe Billault (Sub-secretary of State, from 3 March 1840)
# Canton of Saint-Germain-Laval

The canton of Saint-Germain-Laval is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 14 communes, which joined the canton of Boën-sur-Lignon in 2015. It had 5,988 inhabitants (2012).
The canton comprised the following communes:
* Amions
* Bully
* Dancé
* Grézolles
* Luré
* Nollieux
* Pommiers
* Saint-Georges-de-Baroille
* Saint-Germain-Laval
* Saint-Julien-d'Oddes
* Saint-Martin-la-Sauveté
* Saint-Paul-de-Vézelin
* Saint-Polgues
* Souternon
# 2708 Burns

2708 Burns (prov. designation: 1981 WT) is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 November 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. It was named after American planetary scientist Joseph A. Burns. The likely elongated B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.3 hours.

## Orbit and classification

Burns is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,975 days; semi-major axis of 3.08 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first observed as A912 AE at Winchester Observatory (799) in January 1912. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Goethe Link Observatory in February 1950, more than 31 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Joseph A. Burns (born 1941), American planetary scientist and astronomer at Cornell University in New York, and a co-discoverer of the trans-Neptunian object (385191) at Palomar in 1997. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 August 1982 (M.P.C. 7158).

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Burns is a carbonaceous B-type, which are somewhat brighter than the common C-type asteroids.

### Rotation period

In March 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Burns was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.315 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.52 magnitude, indicative for a non-spherical shape (U=3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Burns measures between 13.63 and 22 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.051 and 0.12. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 17.86 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.
# Baiyu

Baiyu may refer to:
* Baiyu (singer), singer-songwriter and actress
* Palyul (Baiyu County, 白玉县), Garzê Prefecture, Sichuan, China
* Baiyu River, or Yurungkash River, river in the south of Xinjiang, China
* Baiyu (百育镇), town in Guangxi, China
* Baiyu (Jigzhi) (白玉乡), township in Jigzhi County, Qinghai, China
* Baiyu (grape), or Rkatsiteli, kind of grape used to produce white wine
# Campbell Hulton (cricketer, born 1877)

Campbell Blethyn Hulton ChStJ (30 May 1877 — 10 April 1947) was an English first-class cricketer, barrister and clergyman.
The son of Campbell Arthur Grey Hulton, he was born in May 1877 at Whalley Range, Lancashire and was educated at Charterhouse School, where he played for the cricket and football elevens. From there he went up to Magdalen College, Oxford. He graduated in 1902 and was called to the bar as a member of the Inner Temple in 1903. In the same year that he was called to the bar, Hulton played one first-class cricket match for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against London County at Crystal Palace. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 4 runs in the MCC first innings by Joe Vine, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Carst Posthuma. In the field, he took two catches.
Hulton was also ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1903, being appointed curate of Melton Mowbray. He was appointed rector of Turvey in Bedfordshire in 1906, a post he held until 1910, when he was appointed rector of Worsley in Manchester. Hulton was appointed as a chaplain to the Order of Saint John in August 1916. Hulton died in April 1947 at Mentmore, Bedfordshire. His brother, John, was also a first-class cricketer.