OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# State Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River

The Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River is an eight-span through truss bridge over the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas on Oklahoma State Highway 78/Texas State Highway 78. It was built as a federal relief project during the Great Depression as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Today the bridge and the area retain the look and feel of the time of its construction. As part of Highway 78 the bridge's average daily traffic (as of 2006) was 1,700 cars per day.
The original bridge was demolished after flood damage and a new bridge built in 2018

## History

The State Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River replaced a suspension bridge that collapsed on January 15, 1934. The former bridge had been opened as a toll bridge in July 1927. It was purchased by Oklahoma and Texas for use as a free bridge. It collapsed in a storm after the swinging bridge's wire cables became twisted and snapped.
As a Federal Relief Project funded by the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 construction began on February 16, 1937. It was completed in 1938.
The bridge marks the location of Sowell's Bluff.

## Architecture

The Oklahoma Highway Commission designed the bridge. Constructed in 1937-1938 by the Kansas City Bridge Co. of Kansas City, Missouri. the bridge is designed as a rare example of a K-Parker through truss bridge with camelback pony spans. The bridge consists of eight riveted K-truss through spans with two camelback pony truss spans at each end.
The Illinois Steel Bridge Company of Jacksonville, Illinois was subcontracted to fabricate the trusses.
# Allen G. Schwartz

Allen George Schwartz (August 23, 1934 – March 22, 2003) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Schwartz received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from City College of New York, Baruch College in 1955 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1958. He was in the United States Army from 1958 to 1959, remaining in the United States Army Reserves until 1965. He was an Assistant district attorney of New York County from 1959 to 1962. He was in private practice in New York City from 1962 to 1977, and a corporation counsel for New York City from 1978 to 1981, returning to private practice from 1982 to 1993.
Schwartz was defense counsel for comedian Lenny Bruce, who was arrested in 1964 and charged with obscenity in connection with his standup routine at Cafe Au Go Go, a Greenwich Village nightclub.
He formed a law partnership with Edward I. Koch in 1965. Appointed Corporation Counsel when Koch became New York City mayor in 1978, Schwartz was credited with revamping the corporation counsel office, which was in disarray as a result of the city's fiscal crisis. Beyond his professional relationships, Schwartz was a close friend and adviser to Koch. Schwartz later said, "Ed Koch and I never had an argument and we never had an uncomfortable day with each other."
Schwartz presided over a legal dispute between authors J. K. Rowling and N. K. Stouffer. Stouffer alleged that Rowling had stolen material from her 1984 works The Legend of Rah and the Muggles and Larry Potter and His Best Friend Lilly. In 2002 Schwartz ruled that Stouffer had lied to the court and doctored evidence to support her claims, fining Stouffer $50,000 for a "pattern of intentional bad faith conduct."

## Federal judicial service

On October 27, 1993, Schwartz was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Vincent Lyons Broderick. Schwartz was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1993, and received his commission on November 22, 1993, serving until his death at age 68.
# Saint Lupus

Saint Lupus may refer to:
* Lupus of Troyes (c. 383–c. 478), early bishop of Troyes
* Lupus of Sens (died 623), bishop of Sens
* Lupus of Novae, slave of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki
# Philip Clapp

Philip Clapp may refer to:
* Johnny Knoxville (Philip John Clapp, Jr., born 1971), American actor, comedian and stunt performer
* Philip Greeley Clapp (1888–1954), American educator, conductor, pianist and composer
# Matt Singer

Gordon Matthew Singer (born June 25, 1984) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman. He was drafted by the Montreal Alouettes in the second round of the 2009 CFL Draft. He played CIS football for the Manitoba Bisons. The Alouettes announced his retirement on June 24, 2009.
# Breviary of San Michele della Chiusa

The Breviary of San Michele della Chiusa is a manuscript liturgical book of 1315 in two volumes: the "Santorale" and the "Temporale" for a total of 1390 pages.

## History

It has been used for at least three centuries in the cycle of daily prayer at the Monastery of Sacra di San Michele.
After the dispersion of the library of the Sacra di San Michele, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the breviary was regained on the market by a wealthy donor who gave it to the Parish of San Giovanni Vincenzo in Sant'Ambrogio di Torino, which has been responsible for its conservation ever since.

## Studies and insights

In the last quarter of the twentieth century several scholars deepened specific studies on the Breviary of St. Michael, and in particular the works conducted by Costanza Segre Montel, Giacomo Baroffio and Gian Mario Pasquino who resumed the entire Latin text translating it into Italian and studying the Gregorian melodies. In 1995 the results of these works were published in the volume: Il Millennio Composito di San Michele della Chiusa. In 1999, through a co-funded project, the breviary was digitized and proposed for dissemination through a multimedia support. The choir: "Coro Abbazia di Novalesa" began at the same time to study and sing the sacred melodies of the Breviary, spreading them to the public in numerous concerts over the years, and in the summer of 2015, on the occasion of the 700th anniversary released a music CD with 22 selected tracks of the Breviary of San Michele della Chiusa.
In the year 2015 the 700th anniversary of the Breviary was celebrated, promoted by a special commission established at the parish of San Giovanni Vincenzo in Sant'Ambrogio di Torino, which was a further opportunity to study and deepen the two texts of the Breviary and of the publications that have been written on the subject over time. A public exhibition for the 700th anniversary was held in June, July and September 2015, and on 14 November 2015 a study conference with European experts presented the latest studies on the Breviary of San Michele della Chiusa. At the conclusion of this cycle of events on 21 November 2015, the day of the liturgical feast of San Giovanni Vincenzo, the "Coro Abbazia di Novalesa" held at the Church of San Giovanni Vincenzo in Sant'Ambrogio di Torino the official 700th anniversary concert, with a vast repertoire of Gregorian pieces taken from the two volumes of the Breviary.
# Begonia hainanensis

Begonia hainanensis is a species of plant in the family Begoniaceae. It is endemic to China. It grows in forests and on mossy rocks.
# Philodromus mineri

Philodromus mineri is a species of running crab spider in the family Philodromidae. It is found in the United States.
# Scopula fibulata

Scopula fibulata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1858. It is found in Kenya, Sri Lanka and China.

## Description

Its wingspan is about 26–28 millimetres (1.0–1.1 in). The species is grey thickly irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. Frons black. Forewings with dentate antemedial, medial, and postmedial dark lines with olive edges, the medial line excurved round a black olive-edged cell speck, and the postmedial with a larger dentition at vein 6. A crenulate pale of white submarginal line found expanding at middle and above inner margin into patches, which may be white and prominent or obscure. Hindwings with black cell speck. There is a waved medial line. A dentate postmedial line. A pale crenulate submarginal line, sometimes expanding into pale patches above middle and above inner margin.
# Scopula flavissima

Scopula flavissima is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Warren in 1898. It is endemic to Nigeria.
# Kingstone

Kingstone may refer to:

## Places

* Kingstone, Herefordshire (near Hereford)
** Kingstone High School
* Kingstone, Weston under Penyard, a hamlet in Weston under Penyard, Herefordshire
* Kingstone, Somerset
* Kingstone, South Yorkshire, an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
** The Kingstone School, a defunct secondary school
* Kingstone, Staffordshire

## People

* Charles Kingstone (1895–1960), New Zealand rugby union footballer and cricketer
* Fanaura Kingstone (born 1940), Cook Islands politician
* James Kingstone (born 1982), English cricketer
* James Joseph Kingstone (1892–1966), British Army officer of World Wars I and II
* Kingstone Mutandwa (born 2003), Zambian footballer

## Other uses

* Kingstone Companies, an American insurance provider
# The Spark (newspaper)

The Spark is the student newspaper of the University of Reading in the United Kingdom
The Spark is produced monthly during term time (previously fortnightly) and is available as a paper edition distributed across University halls of residence, academic, and administrative buildings. The paper follows a traditional newspaper layout: the front portion of the newspaper is devoted to news issues, particularly those concerning students at the university.

## History

The Spark was established in 1934 as The Shell. In 1984, the newspaper changed format to a more magazine-style publication, rebranding itself as the short-lived Splat, before changing again to Spark* in 1988. Spark* reverted to a newspaper format in 1990, under the title Spark. At this point the newspaper was published weekly.
In 2006, the then Reading University Students' Union (RUSU) President Dave Lewis decided to have Spark* published fortnightly, to reduce costs and to give the volunteer staff more time between issues whilst completing their degrees. This move coincided with a move to printing in full colour and the rebranding as Spark*.
In a 2005 Independent article, a former Varsity editor described The Spark as 'about as visually appealing as a punch in the retina'. Since then, the newspaper has had a major redesign by University Typography and Graphic Communication students, and has upgraded its design software to Adobe InDesign CS3 .

## Awards

The Spark has been nominated by its editorial team for the Guardian Student Media Awards in a number of categories. In 2010, two writers, Georgina Mills and Marcus Greenslade, won first and second prizes respectively in Up to Speed's student journalism competition.
In November 2010, The Spark's (then known as 'Spark*') music editor Kate Allen received the gong for best student writer at the Record of the Day Awards 2010, which recognise contributions to music journalism.
# USS Bell (DD-95)

USS Bell (DD-95) was a Wickes-class destroyer built for the United States Navy during World War I.

## Description

The Wickes class was an improved and faster version of the preceding Caldwell-class. Two different designs were prepared to the same specification that mainly differed in the turbines and boilers used. The ships built to the Bethlehem Steel design, built in the Fore River and Union Iron Works shipyards, mostly used Yarrow boilers that deteriorated badly during service and were mostly scrapped during the 1930s. The ships displaced 1,202–1,208 long tons (1,221–1,227 t) at standard load and 1,295–1,322 long tons (1,316–1,343 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 314 feet 4 inches (95.8 m), a beam of 30 feet 11 inches (9.4 m) and a draught of 9 feet 10 inches (3.0 m). They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.
Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The Wickes class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) intended to reach a speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The ships carried 225 long tons (229 t) of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).
The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two 1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns. They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.

## Construction and career

Bell, named for Rear Admiral Henry H. Bell, was launched 20 April 1918 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. Josephus Daniels, wife of the Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, and commissioned 31 July 1918.
On 5 August 1918 she damaged the steam lighter Cornelia in a collision. Cornelia had to be beached on Deer Island, in the harbor at Boston, Massachusetts. From August to November 1918 Bell convoyed troop ships across the North Atlantic and in December formed part of the escort for George Washington carrying President Woodrow Wilson from New York to Brest, France. Bell continued serving with the Atlantic Fleet until placed in reserve in June 1920. She was decommissioned at Portsmouth Navy Yard 21 June 1922. Bell remained out of commission until August 1936 when she was declared in excess of the limits imposed by the London Naval Treaty of 1930 and reduced to a hulk. She was subsequently sold.
# ORP Krakowiak (L115)

ORP Krakowiak was a British Type II Hunt-class destroyer escort, used by the Polish Navy during World War II. Initially built for the Royal Navy, it bore the name of HMS Silverton during British use.

## History

The ship was laid down on 5 December 1939 in the J. Samuel White Shipyard in Cowes. On 4 December 1940 she was launched as HMS Silverton for the Royal Navy. However, on 3 April 1941 it was agreed that she would be allocated (along with HMS Oakley) to the Polish Navy to replace the ex-French destroyer Ouragan which was being manned by the Poles. Commissioned on 28 May of that year, she was renamed ORP Krakowiak, after either a folk dance from Kraków or an inhabitant of that city.
As she was the first ship of her class to be handed to the Poles, until 10 July 1941, her crew spent most of their time training and getting to know the ship. After that date she entered line service in the convoy escort role in the North Atlantic. In December of that year she was among the ships to take part in the successful raid against a German naval outpost on the Lofoten islands. Throughout the war she also patrolled the North Sea, often engaging in skirmishes with German torpedo boats. In 1943 she moved to the Mediterranean, where she took part in, among others, Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, and later in the Dodecanese Campaign. Altogether, during the Second World War she covered over 146,000 nautical miles (270,000 km) escorting 206 different convoys, including nine in the North Atlantic. She shot down three enemy planes, but the number of enemy vessels sunk is unclear.
At the end of the war, she was active in Operation Deadlight (November 1945 – February 1946), in which German U-boats were towed out to an area north-west of Ireland to be scuttled.

## Postwar

After the Allied powers withdrew their support for the Polish government, the ship was decommissioned on 28 September 1946 by the Polish Navy and returned to the British, who re-commissioned her under her original name and placed her in reserve at Devonport. She was reclassified as a frigate and given a new number: F 55. Serving in only rare cases, she spent most of her time in dock, preserved as part of the Reserve Fleet. As such she represented the Reserve Fleet during Queen Elizabeth II's coronation celebrations in Spithead in July 1953. In 1959 she was finally decommissioned and sold to Thos. W. Ward for scrapping, arriving at Grays, Essex, in March of that year.
# Marquess of Oreja

Marquess of Oreja is a hereditary title of Spanish nobility. It was created on 8 April 2010 by King Juan Carlos I of Spain in favor of Marcelino Oreja, diplomat and politician.

## Marquesses of Oreja (2010)

* Marcelino Oreja, 1st Marquess of Oreja (2010–)
# Snowornis

Snowornis is a genus of birds in the family Cotingidae. The species were formerly included in the genus Lipaugus,
The genus Snowornis was introduced in 2001 by Richard Prum with the grey-tailed piha as the type species. The name was chosen to honour the ornithologist David W. Snow. His name is combined with the Ancient Greek ornis meaning "bird". The genus is sister to the genus Carpornis which contains the two berryeaters.
The genus contains two species.
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| | Snowornis cryptolophus | Olivaceous piha | Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. |
| | Snowornis subalaris | Grey-tailed piha | Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. |
# So.cl

So.cl (pronounced "social") was a social networking service and social search engine operated by Microsoft FUSE Labs. They announced on March 7, 2017 that it would be closing down So.cl on March 15, 2017.

## Design

So.cl appeared similar to Google+ and borrowed concepts from Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. It occupied a niche role and was intended to augment rather than replace those services. Users were able to post a collage of pictures pertaining to a specific topic and share it with friends or "followers". Users were also able to post visual comments under these posts by sending "riffs". Riffs were a separate collage of graphic media that relate to the topic of the post. By using riffs, users were able to communicate with other users with media that was related to their interests.
Signup and login required a Microsoft account or So.cl-connected Facebook account. Registration was only open to users 18 and older.
The site had integrated search features using the Bing API. Searches were public by default, but could be marked private.
Users could follow other users or categorical interest pages. Users could share content they viewed on the Internet with other users by installing the So.cl's Bookmarklet application which added a “Share on So.cl” button to the browser's bookmark bar.

### Video Parties

Video Parties were collections of live YouTube video shared and edited by users.

### Following interests

Users could subscribe to Topic pages in order to populate their interest feeds.

## History

So.cl launched in December 2011 and was first available through a partnership to students of the University of Washington, Syracuse University, and New York University. While still experimental, the site opened up to all users on 20 May 2012. The web address is a domain hack using the .cl top level domain.

## Public beta

Socl was released as a public beta on December 4, 2012. The announcement was made by a post by Microsoft Research's FuSE Lab on their website. The release came with a completely redesigned interface.
# Sobarocephala flava

Sobarocephala flava is a species of fly in the family Clusiidae. This species was first described in 1924 by Axel Leonard Melander and Naomi George Argo.
# Social-National Party

Social-National Party may refer to:
* Social-National Party (France)
* Social-National Party of Ukraine
# Sofía Calero

Sofía Calero Diaz is a Spanish chemist who is a professor and Vice Dean of the Department of Applied Physics and Science Education at the Eindhoven University of Technology. Her research considers computational modelling of functional materials for applications in renewable energy. She was awarded the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry Award for Scientific Excellence in 2018.

## Early life and education

Calero was born in Spain. She attended the Complutense University of Madrid and remained there for her doctoral research, which considered the thermodynamic properties of liquids of complex molecules. She moved to the University of Amsterdam as a Marie Curie Fellow.

## Research and career

Calero moved to the Pablo de Olavide University (UPO) in 2003, where she was named a Ramon y Cajal Fellow, and established a group who studied nanomaterials for applications in technologies. She was part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action on Computational materials sciences for efficient water splitting with nanocrystals from abundant elements. The programme looked to developed highly efficient energy converting devices (e.g. electrochemical cells for water-splitting). Calero was responsible for the development of Monte Carlo simulations of the project, and contributed to the software RASPA. RASPA is a simulation package that allows the study of adsorption and diffusion in nanoporous systems.
Calero moved to the Eindhoven University of Technology in 2020. She was made Vice Dean of the Department of Applied Physics and Science Education. She focuses on the simulation of materials for renewable energies and the development of force field to predict the functional properties of materials.

## Awards and honours

* 2005 Marie Curie Award for Excellence
* 2011 European Research Council Consolidator Award
* 2018 Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry Award for Scientific Excellence
* 2020 TU/e Irene Curie Grant

## Selected publications

* David Dubbeldam; Sofía Calero; Donald E. Ellis; Randall Q. Snurr (26 February 2015). "RASPA: molecular simulation software for adsorption and diffusion in flexible nanoporous materials". Molecular Simulation. 42 (2): 81–101. doi:10.1080/08927022.2015.1010082. ISSN 0892-7022. S2CID 53077055. Wikidata Q60395799.
* D. Dubbeldam; S. Calero; T. J. H. Vlugt; R. Krishna; T. L. M. Maesen; B. Smit (August 2004). "United Atom Force Field for Alkanes in Nanoporous Materials". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 108 (33): 12301–12313. doi:10.1021/JP0376727. ISSN 1520-6106. S2CID 14390433. Wikidata Q59281748.
* Sofia Calero; David Dubbeldam; Rajamani Krishna; Berend Smit; Thijs J H Vlugt; Joeri Denayer; Johan A. Martens; Theo L M Maesen (1 September 2004). "Understanding the role of sodium during adsorption: a force field for alkanes in sodium-exchanged faujasites". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126 (36): 11377–11386. doi:10.1021/JA0476056. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 15355121. Wikidata Q51618932.
# Social Christian Party (Bolivia)

The Social Christian Party (Spanish: Partido Social Cristiano, PSC) was a progressive Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia.
In 1978 the pro-military group split from the Christian Democratic Party and founded the Social Christian Party. Led by Jaime Humérez Seleme, Alfonso Prudencio Claure, and Adolfo Palma Caro.
In 1978 the Social Christian Party took part in an electoral coalition Nationalist Union of the People backing Juan Pereda Asbún.
After the coup d'état on 17 July 1980 the Social Christian Party disappeared.
# Soltane Airfield

Soltane Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia, which was located approximately 5 km southeast of Ain Soltane (Sidi-Nsar-Allah), about 170 km south-southwest of Tunis.
It was a temporary airfield built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, used by the United States Army Air Force Ninth Air Force during the Tunisian Campaign. It was used by the 57th Fighter Group, which flew P-40 Warhawks from the airfield between 21 March and 4 April 1943.
When the Americans moved out at the end of April 1943, the airfield was dismantled and abandoned. The airfield's precise location is now undetermined, as agricultural fields have obliterated its existence.