OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ring current

A ring current is an electric current carried by charged particles trapped in a planet's magnetosphere. It is caused by the longitudinal drift of energetic (10–200 keV) particles.

## Earth's ring current

Earth's ring current is responsible for shielding the lower latitudes of the Earth from magnetospheric electric fields. It therefore has a large effect on the electrodynamics of geomagnetic storms. The ring current system consists of a band, at a distance of 3 to 8 R$_E$, which lies in the equatorial plane and circulates clockwise around the Earth (when viewed from the north). The particles of this region produce a magnetic field in opposition to the Earth's magnetic field and so an Earthly observer would observe a decrease in the magnetic field in this area.$^{:135}$ The negative deflection of the Earth's magnetic field due to the ring current is measured by the Dst index.
The ring current energy is mainly carried around by the ions, most of which are protons. However, one also sees alpha particles in the ring current, a type of ion that is plentiful in the solar wind. In addition, a certain percentage are O$^+$ oxygen ions, similar to those in the ionosphere of Earth, though much more energetic. This mixture of ions suggests that ring current particles probably come from more than one source.

## The ring current and geomagnetic storms

During a geomagnetic storm, the number of particles in the ring current will increase. As a result, there is a decrease in the effects of geomagnetic field.
# Cab rank

A cab rank (in British English) or taxicab stand (in American English) is an area where taxicabs queue to await passengers.
Cab rank may also refer to:
* Bank (in Cockney rhyming slang)
* A flying reserve of fighter-bomber aircraft that can be called in to provide close air support (the term cab rank was used by the RAF during World War II)
* Cab-rank rule, the obligation in English law of a barrister to accept any work in a field in which he professes himself competent, at a court at which he normally appears and at his usual rates
# Nina Simone with Strings

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. After her contract with Colpix Records had expired, the label took unissued recordings by Simone and sweetened them with a string ensemble. The album was released after the singer had left the label.
In the UK, the album's version of "I Loves You Porgy" was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange.

## Track listing

* "I Loves You Porgy" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 4:00
* "Blackbird" (Nina Simone) - 2:06
* "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)" (Friedrich Hollaender, Sammy Lerner) - 2:38
* "Baubles Bangles and Beads" (Robert Wright, George Forrest) - 2:04
* "Spring Is Here" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 2:37
* "That's All" (Bob Haymes, Alan Brandt) - 2:24
* "Chain Gang (The Work Song)" (Nat Adderley) - 2:40
* "The Man with a Horn" (Eddie DeLange, Jack Jenney, Bonnie Lake) - 3:17
* "Porgy I Is Your Woman Now (Bess, You is My Woman)" (George and Ira Gershwin) - 3:22
* "Gimme a Pigfoot (And a Bottle of Beer)" (Bessie Smith) - 2:05
# Ruin marble

Ruin marble is a kind of limestone or siltstone that contains light and dark patterns. The name is misleading – it is not a marble.
It originates mostly from the city of Florence, Tuscany, in central Italy. Its color pattern consists mainly of gray, brown and reddish, sometimes also blue and black, giving it the impression of a ruined landscape painting. The patterns (similar to Liesegang rings) develop during diagenesis due to periodic rhythmic precipitation of iron and manganese hydroxides from oxidizing aqueous fluids, restricted laterally by calcite and clay filled joints.
# Aylward

Aylward is a name that may refer to:

## Surname

* Bob Aylward (1911–1974), Irish politician
* Bobby Aylward (born 1955), Irish politician
* Bruce Aylward, Canadian physician and Assistant Director General of the WHO
* Dick Aylward (1925–1983), American baseball player
* Gladys Aylward (1902–1970), English missionary
* Gordon Aylward, Australian chemist
* James Ambrose Dominic Aylward (1813–1872), English theologian and poet
* James Aylward (cricketer) (1741–1827), English cricketer
* James P. Aylward (1885–1982), American lawyer and politician
* Joan Marie Aylward, Canadian politician
* John Aylward (born 1946), American actor
* Liam Aylward (born 1952), Irish politician
* Samkin Aylward, fictional character from Arthur Conan Doyle's novel The White Company
** Samkin Aylward, a fictional character from S. M. Stirling's Emberverse series novels named after the Doyle character
* Theodore Aylward (1730–1801), English organist
# Takhemaret

Takhemaret is a town and commune in Tiaret Province in north-western Algeria, about 65 km. southwest of the city of Tiaret. The 2008 census population was 34,124 in the commune, with 20,827 in the city.
During Roman empire it was named Cohors Breucorum, a "castrum" (fort) near the Roman limes in Mauretania Caesariensis.
# Saint Sebastian (El Greco, 1610–1614)

Saint Sebastian is a 1610–1614 oil on canvas painting by El Greco, the last of his three portrayals of Saint Sebastian. It survives in two large fragments, both of which are in the Prado Museum; the top half was donated by the Countess of Mora y Aragón in 1959 and the lower half was acquired in 1987.
According to legend, Saint Sebastian was a 3rd-century soldier in the Roman Praetorian Guard who was sentenced to death for inciting his fellow soldiers to die rather than renounce their Christian beliefs as required by the then Emperor Diocletian. The subject was popular with artists as it gave an opportunity to portray the male nude in a dramatic way.
Typically of El Greco's later work the figure of Sebastian, particularly the neck, has been elongated for dramatic effect. He is looking heavenwards as if in quiet anticipation. The background includes a view of the town of Toledo, with which Sebastian had no connection, possibly at the request of his patron or to create an artificial association between the saint and the city.
# Tetragona clavipes

Tetragona clavipes, called borá or vorá in Brazil, is a species of eusocial stingless bee in the family Apidae and tribe Meliponini. In Brazil, it has been recorded in the northern state of Roraima.
# Whipper Watson

Whipper Watson may refer to:
* Whipper Billy Watson (1915–1990), Canadian professional wrestler
* Harry Watson (ice hockey b. 1923) (1923–2002), Canadian National Hockey League hockey player
* Bob Watson (lacrosse) (b. 1970), goaltender for the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League
* Kenan Thompson, from Kenan and Kel
# Rickenbacker (disambiguation)

Rickenbacker may refer to:
* Eddie Rickenbacker, leading American World War I flying ace, Medal of Honor recipient, head of Eastern Airlines
** Rickenbacker (car), an early car produced by Eddie Rickenbacker
** Rickenbacker International Airport, Franklin County, Ohio, named in honor of Eddie Rickenbacker
** Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base, named in his honor
** Rickenbacker Field, original name of Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Marietta, Georgia, honoring Rickenbacker
** Rickenbacker Causeway, Florida, also named for him
* Rickenbacker International Corporation, guitar manufacturer
* Adolph Rickenbacker, co-founder of the company, cousin of Eddie Rickenbacker
# Waste 'Em All

Waste 'Em All is the debut album by thrash metal band Municipal Waste. This album caused the band to receive the attention of Earache Records, which the band signed to in May 2004. The album's name pays homage to Metallica's debut album, Kill 'Em All. Members on this album are Tony Foresta, Ryan Joy, Andy Harris, and Brandon Ferrell.
# Nurse crop

Nurse crops are a subtype of nurse plants, facilitating the growth of other species of plants. The term is used primarily in agriculture, but also in forestry. Cover crops are a type of nurse crop.

## Agriculture

In agriculture, a nurse crop is an annual crop used to assist in establishment of a perennial crop. The widest use of nurse crops is in the establishment of legumaceous plants such as alfalfa, clover, and trefoil. Occasionally, nurse crops are used for establishment of perennial grasses.
Nurse crops reduce the incidence of weeds, prevent erosion, and prevent excessive sunlight from reaching tender seedlings. Often, the nurse crop can be harvested for grain, straw, hay, or pasture. Oats are the most common nurse crop, though other annual grains are also used. Nurse cropping of tall or dense-canopied plants can protect more vulnerable species through shading or by providing a wind break.
However, if ill-maintained, nurse crops can block sunlight from reaching seedlings.
Trap crops prevent pests from affecting the desired plant.

## Forestry

In forestry, 'nurse crop' can be applied to trees or shrubs that help the development of other species of trees. Wind breaking, frost protection, thermal insulation, and shade can all be provided by nurse crops in forests. Aspens especially provide partial shade, allowing understory growth.
# Saltanat Abilkhassymkyzy

Saltanat Abilkhassymkyzy (born 14 January 2000) is a Kazakh Paralympic athlete. She made her first Paralympic appearance during the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

She represented Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and competed in both women's 100m T35 and women's 200m T35 events.
# William Carew Hazlitt

William Carew Hazlitt (22 August 1834 – 8 September 1913), known professionally as W. Carew Hazlitt, was an English lawyer, bibliographer, editor and writer. He was the son of the barrister and registrar William Hazlitt, a grandson of the essayist and critic William Hazlitt, and a great-grandson of the Unitarian minister and author William Hazlitt. William Carew Hazlitt was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School and was called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1861.

## Works

Among Hazlitt's many publications are Handbook to the Popular, Poetical and Dramatic Literature of Great Britain: From the Invention of Printing to the Restoration (1867). Hazlitt published further contributions to the subject in Bibliographical Collections and Notes on Early English Literature, Made During the Years 1893–1903 (1903), and a Manual for the Collector and Amateur of Old English Plays ... (1892). He was also the chief editor of an edition of Warton's History of English Poetry (1871) and compiled the Catalogue of the Huth Library (1880).
He edited A Select Collection of Old English Plays, 4th edition (London: Reeves and Turner, 1874–76), which had been originally published by Dodsley in 1744.
He also published Collections and Notes, 1867-1876 (London: Reeves & Turner, 1876, containing detailed bibliographical entries on many early English printed books) followed by Bibliographical Collections and Notes on Early English Literature 1474-1700: Second Supplement (1882).
In 1897 Hazlitt published his autobiography under the title The Confessions of a Collector.
In 1875, he published an edition of the works of Thomas Randolph. In 1877 he published a new edition of Charles Cotton's translation of Montaigne's Essays.
He also published The History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization (1860) and Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine (1886).
Of great use, historical interest and delight to gardeners and collectors of herbals, etc., is his Gleanings in Old Garden Literature, published by Elliot Stock, London, 1887, in The Book-Lover's Library. This book includes, in its final chapter, a Bibliography of Gardening Literature, 1603–1800, and of Herbals and Bee Culture. The book focuses on European gardening and British adoptions and modifications thereof from the 15th through the 17th century.
Compendious in scope and idiosyncratic in selection is his A Dictionary of Faiths and Folk Lore. Reeves & Turner. 1905. OCLC 647632425., which preserves evidence of numerous folk customs now extinct.
# Tetragona quadrangula

Tetragona quadrangula, also called borá-de-chão ("ground borá" bee) in Brazil, is a species of eusocial stingless bee in the family Apidae and tribe Meliponini. It is endemic to Brazil.
# Wyatt & Nolting

Wyatt & Nolting was an architectural partnership of James Bosley Noel Wyatt (1847–1926) and William G. Nolting (1866–1940), which completed numerous works listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places:
* Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Bel Air, 301 North Main Street, Bel Air, Maryland, 1896
* Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse, Baltimore, Maryland, 1896-1900
* Liriodendron (Bel Air, Maryland), 501 and 502 West Gordon Street, Bel Air, Maryland, 1898
* Old Norfolk City Hall, 235 E. Plume Street, Norfolk, Virginia, 1898-1900
* Fifth Regiment Armory, 210—247 West Hoffman Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 1901
* Pikesville Armory, 610 Reisterstown Road, Pikesville, Maryland, 1903
* Victor Cullen Center, Old Administration Building, Victor Cullen Center Campus, Sabillasville, Maryland, 1907
* Victor Cullen School Power House, MD 81, Sabillasville, Maryland, 1908
* Virginia Bank and Trust Building, 101 Granby Street, Norfolk, Virginia, 1908-09
* The Garrett Building, 233-239 Redwood Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 1913
* Physics Building, later Kreiger Hall, Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 1928-1933
* One or more works in Clifton Park, bounded by Hartford Road, Erdman Avenue, Clifton Park Terrace, the Baltimore Belt Railroad and Sinclair Lane, Baltimore, Maryland, (Niersee & Neilson; Wyatt and Nolting)
# Rise over thermal

In wireless communication systems, the rise over thermal (ROT) indicates the ratio between the total interference received on a base station and the thermal noise.
The ROT is a measurement of congestion of a cellular telephone network. The acceptable level of ROT is often used to define the capacity of systems using CDMA (code-division multiple access).
# CVISD

CVISD may refer to:
* Chama Valley Independent School District (New Mexico)
* Channelview Independent School District (Texas)
# Sakmara

Sakmara may refer to:
* Sakmara (river), a river in the Ural Mountains, Russia
* Sakmara (rural locality), a rural locality (a selo) in Sakmarsky District of Orenburg Oblast, Russia
# Aydoğan, Sungurlu

Aydoğan is a village in the Sungurlu District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 36 (2022).
# Artist-Blacksmith's Association of North America

The Artist-Blacksmith's Association of North America (ABANA) was formed in 1973 to preserve and promote blacksmithing as an art and a craft.

## History

The Artist-Blacksmith's Association of North America was formed in 1973 with twenty-seven members. There are now 4000 members.

## Publications

ABANA publishes two magazines on a quarterly basis: The Hammer's Blow and The Anvil's Ring.

## Conferences

ABANA holds a biennial conference to educate successive generations of blacksmiths and showcase modern and traditional blacksmithing to the general public. ABANA conferences typically have a gallery space to showcase the work of their members, educational spaces to provide hands-on demonstrations to all levels of smiths (novice to advanced), and demos by local and international demonstrators including artist-blacksmiths, farriers, bladesmiths, and toolsmiths. Each conference is held at a new location with the assistance of local ABANA affiliate blacksmith groups.
Starting in 2021, ABANA held the first Iron to Art Festival which, in part, celebrated their new home office and museum space in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
In June 2024, ABANA will celebrate its 50th Anniversary by holding a conference in Johnstown. Also scheduled is a blacksmith competition to be held in Johnstown's Central Park.
The past locations by year are as follows:
1973: Lumpkin, Georgia
1974: Lumpkin, Georgia
1975: Greenville, South Carolina
1976: Carbondale, Illinois
1978: Purchase, New York
1980: Santa Cruz, California
1982: Ripley, West Virginia
1984: De Pere, Wisconsin
1986: Flagstaff, Arizona
1988: Birmingham, Alabama
1990: Alfred, New York
1992: San Luis Obispo, California
1994: St. Louis, Missouri
1996: Alfred, New York
1998: Asheville, North Carolina
2000: Flagstaff, Arizona
2002: La Crosse, Wisconsin
2004: Richmond, Kentucky
2006: Seattle, Washington
2008: Canceled (was scheduled for New Paltz, New York)
2010: Memphis, Tennessee
2012: Rapid City, South Dakota
2014: Harrington, Delaware
2016: Salt Lake City, Utah
2018: Richmond, Virginia
2020: Canceled (was scheduled for Saratoga, New York)
2021: Iron to Art Festival, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
2022: Canceled (was scheduled for Denton, Texas)
2024: 50th Anniversary Celebration, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
# Tetsutarō

Tetsutarō, Tetsutaro or Tetsutarou (written: 鉄太郎 or 哲太郎) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tetsutaro Murano (村野 鉄太郎, 1929-2020), Japanese film director
* Tetsutaro Namae (生江 哲太郎, born 1909), Japanese diver
* Satō Tetsutarō (佐藤 鉄太郎, 1866–1942), Japanese military theorist and Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
# Workers' Revolutionary Party

There are several groups named the Workers' Revolutionary Party:
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Argentina)
* Workers Revolutionary Party (Greece)
* Workers Revolutionary Party (India)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Mexico)
* Workers Revolutionary Party (Namibia)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Nicaragua)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Panama)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Peru)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Portugal)
* Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spain)
* Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)
   * Workers Revolutionary Party (Healy)
   * Workers Revolutionary Party (Internationalist)
   * Workers Revolutionary Party (Workers Press)
# Rise of the Zombie

Rise Of The Zombie is a 2013 Hindi Horror film directed by Luke Kenny and Devaki Singh. The film stars Luke Kenny, Kirti Kulhari and Ashwin Mushran.

## Plot

Neil Parker is a passionate wildlife photographer who pays more attention to his wildlife than his human life. As a result, his relationships with the real world suffer. When his girlfriend walks out on him he resigns himself to isolation and nature. But a chance occurrence changes all that. Changes that he can't seem to handle, changes that seem to take his humanity away... changes that seem unable to change back? The story follows his journey into a darkness that has to be seen to be believed. A monster that seems to be rising out of the depths of desolation and agony... soulless, depraved and out of control.

## Cast

* Luke Kenny
* Kirti Kulhari
* Ashwin Mushran
* Benjamin Gilani

## Critical reception

Rise of the Zombie had a limited release. Swati Deogire of in.com praised Luke Kenny's performance. Rohit Vats of IBNLive gave the film two out of five, saying that it "could have become a better film if the makers would have devised a way of showing a connection between the gloomy environment of the mountains and the mystical origin of the zombie."
# CYOA

CYOA may refer to:
* Ekati Airport (ICAO code: CYOA), a Canadian airport at the Ekati Diamond Mine
* Gamebook (also Choose Your Own Adventure), a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story
# Salaam Gariba

Salaam Gariba (born 23 January 1969 in Tamale) is a retired Ghanaian sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.
He won the silver medal at the 1989 African Championships. He reached the semi-final at the 1991 World Championships and in relay at the 1987 World Championships. He also competed at the 1993 World Championships and the 1988 Olympic Games.
His personal best time was 10.27 seconds, achieved in April 1991 in Philadelphia.
# Aydoğdu

Aydoğdu is a Turkish word and it may refer to:

## Surname

* Aydoğdu (surname)

## Places

* Aydoğdu, Amasya, a village in the district of Amasya, Amasya Province, Turkey
* Aydoğdu, Erzincan
* Aydoğdu, Güney
* Aydoğdu, Şenkaya
* Aydoğdu, Tavas, a village in district of Tavas, Denizli Province in Turkey
* Aydoğdu, Yenişehir
* Aydoğdu, Vezirköprü, a village in district of Vezirköprü, Samsun Province, Turkey
# Warluis

Warluis (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Tamarasheni

42°15′2.61″N 43°57′45.15″E﻿ / ﻿42.2507250°N 43.9625417°E﻿ / 42.2507250; 43.9625417
Tamarasheni (Georgian: თამარაშენი) is a former village in Georgia, within the territory controlled by separatist South Ossetia, some 0.5 km north of Tskhinvali.
Per Georgian administrative division the village is in Shida Kartli region. During the 2008 South Ossetia War, the village was completely destroyed by the Ossetian forces and depopulated of its majority Georgian population. After the war, the South Ossetian regime included the former Tamarasheni territory in Tskhinvali as a "Moscow Microdistrict" inaugurated by the mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov.
The village is situated in the Great Liakhvi River valley. Tradition holds it that the modern-day village was founded by the medieval queen Tamar of Georgia (1284–1212) as a small town. Hence, the settlement's name, literally meaning "built by Tamar". It was formerly part of the late medieval Georgian princedom of Samachablo (literally, "the estate of the Machabeli [family]") and then of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (abolished in 1990). Populated mostly by ethnic Georgians, the village lies within the ongoing Georgian–Ossetian conflict zone, and remained under the government of Georgia's control till the 2008 South Ossetia War.
Tamarasheni is a home to a museum of the 19th-century Georgian writer and Shakespeare translator Ivane Machabeli who was born there in 1854. The museum was severely damaged on July 23, 1997, in a blast allegedly organized by local Ossetian separatists.
Most of the village's houses were destroyed during the 2008 South Ossetia War by Ossetian militias.
# Aspen Mountain

Aspen Mountain may refer to:
* Aspen Mountain (Colorado), a mountain in Colorado
* Aspen Mountain (ski area), a ski resort on the mountain
* Aspen Mountain (Wyoming), a mountain in Wyoming
# William Breckinridge

William Breckinridge may refer to:
* William Campbell Preston Breckinridge (1837–1904), lawyer and politician, U.S. representative from Kentucky's 7th congressional district
* William L. Breckinridge (1803–1876), pastor and educator, president of Oakland College (Mississippi) and Centre College
# Thagamthirtthapurisvarar Temple, Eraiyur

Thagamthirtthapurisvarar Temple is a Siva temple in Eraiyur in Cuddalore district in Tamil Nadu (India).

## Vaippu Sthalam

It is one of the shrines of the Vaippu Sthalams sung by Tamil Saivite Nayanar Sambandar.

## Presiding deity

The presiding deity is known as Thagamthirtthapurisvarar. The Goddess is known as Annapurani.

## Speciality

This place was called as Maranpadi. Now it is known as Eraiyur or Iraiyur. The presiding deity and Sambandar are found in separate shrines.
# Wólka-Mogielnica

Wólka-Mogielnica, also known as Mogielnica, is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia Konecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.
# Salaam Afghanistan (TV show)

Salaam Afghanistan was a one-hour TV show broadcast weekly via Satellite DGT Didar Global Television. It was produced and hosted by Ms. H. Sahar. The show was aired internationally live at 8:00 pm Los Angeles, California, USA time.
The show was one of the first Afghan TV shows after the fall of the Taliban.
Sahar interviewed many famous Afghan artists including Mithaq Kazimi, Farhad Darya, Qader Eshpari and many poets.