OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Α-Endorphin

α-Endorphin (alpha-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid peptide with a length of 16 amino acids, and the amino acid sequence: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr. With the use of mass spectrometry, Nicholas Ling was able to determine the primary sequence of a-endorphin.

## Relation to beta- and gamma-endorphin

Endorphins are generally known as neurotransmitters that are released when the body goes into pain. The three endorphins that play a role in this response are α-endorphin, β-endorphin (beta-endorphin), and γ-endorphin (gamma-endorphin) which are all derived from the same polypeptide known as pro-opiomelanocortin. Although all play roles as neurotransmitters, the specific effects of all three differ. The most studied endorphin of the three is β-endorphin. α-Endorphins are known to contain one less amino acid than γ-endorphins, differing by a single leucine amino acid at the terminal end. Although this may seem minor, It allows them to have vastly different effects. Studies found that γ-endorphins and α-endorphins have opposite effects which allow them to help maintain a level of homeostasis within the brain and behavior of animals. All of the specific effects on the body of α-endorphins are not yet fully studied nor fully understood by the science community. However, some studies suggest that these endorphins behave similarly to amphetamines. Similarly, other studies agree that Alpha-endorphins effects are similar to psychostimulant drugs.
Ranking based length, α-endorphins are the shortest with 16 amino acid residues. Meanwhile, the β-endorphin has the longest chain which begins with the same 16 amino acids as α-Endorphins: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr. The same sequence is also present in γ-endorphin. The beginning Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met chain is also known as the N-terminal pentapeptide opioid sequence. With such configuration, endorphins act as agonists to opioid receptors in the brain.

## Effects on behavior

Studies have shown that α-endorphin is the strongest peptide in delaying avoidance behaviors. α-Endorphin has the same C-terminal sequence of β-LPH, allowing these peptides to have a high affinity for opiate binding sites. Even a slight difference in the C-terminal amino acid can have drastic effects on avoidance behavior. The importance in sequencing determines the function of the endorphin. When an N-terminal amino acid such as tyrosine is removed, there seems to be no significant impacts on avoidance behavior. However, when there are adjustments to the C-terminal sequence, like removing β-LPH 61-65; activity of the endorphin decreases.
# Woltner

Woltner may refer to:
* The Woltner family, owners and managers of Château La Mission Haut-Brion, 1919–1983
* Chateau Woltner, a California winery, 1980–2000
# Stichting Voortgezet Onderwijs van de Bovenwindse Eilanden

Stichting Voortgezet Onderwijs van de Bovenwindse Eilanden (SVOBE; "Foundation for the Advancement of Secondary Education Windward Islands") is a nonprofit organisation that operates two secondary schools on Sint Maarten: Milton Peters College (MPC) in South Reward and Sundial School in Philipsburg. They are both subsidised by the Sint Maarten government.
Milton Peters has HAVO (Senior General Secondary Education), VWO (pre-university), and VSBO (preparatory secondary vocational education) classes; the third includes PKL (practically oriented framework), PBL (practically oriented basic training), TKL classes (theoretical framework). The HAVO, VWO, and VSBO-TKL classes are all Dutch medium while other departments have English and Dutch medium classes. As of 2017 MPC is the largest secondary school in Sint Maarten. MPC is the only Sint Maarten secondary school with a Dutch pre-university programme.

## History

SVOBE was established on 20 February 1974. SVOBE was created as the neutral governing body for a new school created by the merger of the government secondary school John Phillips School and the Catholic secondary school Pastoor Nieuwen Huis School. MPC, which began construction in 1974, opened on 17 August 1976.
The predecessor of Sundial, School for Home Economics, opened in 1966. It became a part of SVOBE in 1976.
# Tero Koskela

Tero Koskela (born 13 October 1976) is a Finnish footballer who plays for Vaasan Palloseura.
# Stigmella potgieteri

Stigmella potgieteri is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Scoble in 1978. It is found in South Africa (it was described from the Kruger National Park).
# Ulsan Broadcasting Corporation

Ulsan Broadcasting Corporation (UBC) is a regional television and radio broadcasting company based in Ulsan. The station is an affiliate of the SBS Network.

## Stations

* Television
** Channel - Ch. 30 (LCN 6-1)
** Launched - September 1, 1997
** Affiliated with - SBS
** Call Sign - HLDP-DTV
* FM radio (ubc Green FM)
** Frequency - FM 92.3 MHz
** Launched - September 1, 2001
** Affiliated with - SBS Power FM
** Call Sign - HLDP-FM
# Rexingen

Rexingen may refer to:
* Rexingen, Baden-Württemberg, town in Germany
* Rexingen, Bas-Rhin, village in France
# Ring dove

Ring dove is an alternative name for the Barbary dove. It may also refer to:

## Species

* The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus), particularly in older literature
* The ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), also known as the Cape turtle dove or half-collared dove
* The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto)
* The vinaceous dove (Streptopelia vinacea)
* The red-eyed dove (Streptopelia semitorquata)
* The red collared dove (Streptopelia tranquebarica), also known as the red turtle dove
* The mourning collared dove or African mourning dove (Streptopelia decipiens)
* The African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea)

## Other uses

* HMS Ringdove, a name used for seven ships of the Royal Navy
* SS Ringdove, a coaster in service 1947-50
* Ringdove, a former capital city located on Epi (island), Vanuatu
# Ṛta Kapur Chishti

Ṛta Kapur Chishti is a sari historian and a textile scholar. She is the co-author and editor of two books namely ‘Saris: Tradition and Beyond’ and 'Handcrafted Indian Textiles: Tradition and Beyond'. Saris of India: Tradition and Beyond, published in 2010 and co-authored by Martand Singh, enumerates a hundred and eight variations of draping the Sari. The book is a comprehensive compendium of different Sari weaving and wearing traditions in India, covering 15 states of India and countless variations of colour, weave and pattern from each state, besides documenting 108 methods of draping a Sari.
In 2009, Ṛta Kapur initiated the ‘Sari School’ in New Delhi. The school conducts workshops for young locals, expatriate women, fashion designers and anyone who would like to learn different ways to wearing the sari. The Sari School also teaches individuals the history and various methods of tying the Sari.
In 2011, Ṛta Kapur founded TaanBaan to preserve and enhance the handspun handwoven techniques. TaanBaan works with artisans across different states and creates saris that strike a balance between traditional skill and contemporary appeal.
In 2017, Rta Kapur was advisor for the non-profit initiative 'The Sari Series: An Anthology of Drape' created by Border&Fall. The Sari Series is a digital anthology documenting India's regional drapes through short films.

## Personal life

Ṛta Kapur Chishti conducted her undergraduate studies in Political Science from Lady Shri Ram College. She then studied at the School of Drama. She then pursued a degree in education from Delhi University in 1971.
# Wolton (surname)

Wolton or Woolton is an English toponymic surname, deriving from a place name (Woolton) in Kent or Lancashire. People with the name include:
* Althea Wolton (née Willoughby, 1904–1982), British artist
* Bert Wolton (1929 – 1990), English cricketer
* Dominique Wolton [fr] (b. 1947), French sociologist
* Douglas Wolton (1898 – 1988), British communist activist
* Georgie Wolton, (born 1934), British architect
* Thierry Wolton [fr] (born 1951), French journalist and essayist
* John Woolton (1535?–1594), Bishop of Exeter
# Stadion Mračaj

Mračaj Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the home ground of Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina side Metalleghe-BSI. The stadium has capacity of 4,300 spectators.
# Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S13

The Men's 100 metre freestyle S13 swimming event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 22 September. It was won by Andrey Strokin, representing Russia.

## 1st round

* Qualified for final round

### Heat 1

22 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Scott Field (RSA) | 57.29 |
| 2 | Daniel Sharp (NZL) | 58.64 |
| 3 | Dervis Konuralp (GBR) | 1:00.23 |
| 4 | Anton Ganzha (UKR) | 1:00.31 |
| 5 | Tyler Emmett (CAN) | 1:00.86 |
| 6 | Luis Arevalo (ESP) | 1:02.62 |
| 7 | Dmytro Korneyev (UKR) | 1:02.93 |

### Heat 2

22 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Andrey Strokin (RUS) | 57.54 |
| 2 | Daniel Clausner (GER) | 58.01 |
| 3 | Brian Hill (CAN) | 59.45 |
| 4 | David Rangel (VEN) | 59.92 |
| 5 | Martin Stepanek (CZE) | 1:00.66 |
| 6 | Shusaku Sugiuchi (JPN) | 1:00.85 |
| 7 | Andrea Palantrani (ITA) | 1:01.95 |

## Final round

22 Sept. 2004, evening session
| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Andrey Strokin (RUS) | 55.27 | PR |
| | Scott Field (RSA) | 55.36 | |
| | Daniel Clausner (GER) | 56.69 | |
| 4 | Daniel Sharp (NZL) | 58.76 | |
| 5 | Brian Hill (CAN) | 59.32 | |
| 6 | David Rangel (VEN) | 1:00.23 | |
| 7 | Dervis Konuralp (GBR) | 1:01.09 | |
| 8 | Anton Ganzha (UKR) | 1:01.98 | |
# Psittacopes

Psittacopes is an extinct genus of bird from Middle Eocene. One species is recorded from Messel, Germany (P. lepidus), and other three possible species are from London Clay, England, one named ?Psittacopes occidentalis in 2022, and the other two unnamed. Its phylogenetic placement within Aves is uncertain; it was originally interpreted as a parrot, but the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Mayr (2015) recovered it as more closely related to the passerines and the extinct family Zygodactylidae.
# Rabaulia

Rabaulia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Rabaulia fascifacies Malloch, 1939
* Rabaulia invittata Hering, 1951
* Rabaulia nigrotibia Hering, 1941
# Schenkenhorst

Schenkenhorst is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it is part of the town Gardelegen.
* This Altmarkkreis Salzwedel location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rgotina

Rgotina is a village in the municipality of Zaječar, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1721 people.
# Rigel (disambiguation)

Rigel is a blue supergiant star in the Orion constellation, also known as Beta Orionis.
Rigel may also refer to:
* Rigel (comics), a character in a series published by Panini Comics
* Rigel (dog), a Newfoundland dog said to have helped rescue survivors from the sinking of the Titanic
* Rigel (microprocessor), a VAX microprocessor chip set developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corporation
* Rigel (rocket), an Argentinian sounding rocket
* MS Rigel, a Norwegian and German vessel
* USS Rigel (AD-13), a ship built in 1918 as Edgecombe
* USS Rigel (AF-58), a ship laid down in 1954
* SSM-N-6 Rigel, a proposed cruise missile system
* Rigel, a composition for trumpet and piano by Hale A. VanderCook
* Rigel, a genus of megalyrid wasps from Chile
* Rigel, a fictional nation in Fire Emblem Gaiden and Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia

## People with the surname

* Henri-Joseph Rigel, a German-born French composer
# Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo

Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo (Wylie: Mi pham dbang sgyur rgyal po, 1589? – 1613?) was a king in Central Tibet who ruled in 1604–1613 and belonged to the Phagmodrupa dynasty. His largely nominal reign saw increasing political tumult in Tibet which was related to the political ambitions of the rival Tsangpa dynasty.

## Alliance with the Dalai Lama faction

The preceding king (gongma) Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen had led an inefficient but relatively peaceful reign in the last decades of the sixteenth century. Although the executive powers of the Phagmodrupa slipped away after the political turmoil of the 1550s and 1560s, the gongma was at the center of a system where different religious and political factions of Ü (East Central Tibet) balanced each other. Meanwhile, Tsang (West Central Tibet) was increasingly dominated by the upstart Tsangpa dynasty. The Gelugpa church, which had the Dalai Lama as spiritual head, entertained good relations with the Phagmodrupa. When the Fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso traveled from Mongolia to Tibet in 1601, he was met by an envoy of Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo, a member of another branch of the family than that of the old gongma. Strangely, he is here called gongma and lord of all Tibet (Gangchen namkyi gön chik). When the actual monarch Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen died in 1603 or 1604 he was not succeeded by his son Kagyud Nampar Gyalwa but rather by Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo, who was also called Ngagi Wangchuk Drakba Gyaltsen Pal Zangpo. He might have been a grand-nephew of the late king. It appears that he did not renew the bonds with the religious leaders of the Karmapa and Shamarpa, but sought friendly relations with Gelugpa (the school of Dalai Lama) and Drukpa.

## Turbulence in Central Tibet

The chronicle of the Fifth Dalai Lama, The Song of the Spring Queen, says that "after the zhabdrung gongma [Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen] demonstrated how to remove [oneself] to another sphere [i.e., died], the writ of the Phagmodrupa no longer ran." The political situation of Central Tibet was disturbed by increasing activity by the Tsangpa ruler Karma Tensung who led a military expedition to Phanyul in 1605. Two years later a conference was held in the Phagmodrupa stronghold Gongkar (Gongri Karpo) where the Tsangpa and some Ü factions were represented. The meeting did not lead to a political settlement. In 1610 the Tsangpa attacked and completely crushed the important Yargyab polity and moved to restrict the influence of the Gelugpa and their leader, the Third Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso. The Phagmodrupa, who played an increasingly marginal role in regional politics, were involved in fighting in Yartö in 1613. Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo seemingly died in the same year, presumably in connection with the war or the smallpox epidemic that broke out at the same time. It is not certain who succeeded him, but the next documented Phagmodrupa ruler was Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang in the 1620s.
# Sandrine Bélier

Sandrine Bélier (born 2 September 1973) is a French environmental jurist and politician of Europe Ecology – The Greens who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014, representing the East constituency.
In 2009, Bélier was selected to lead the Europe Écologie list in the East constituency ahead of the 2009 European elections. Her list won over 14%, so she was easily elected to the European Parliament. From 2009 to 2012, she served on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. On 30 June 2014, she led the delegation for relations of the European Parliament on a parliamentary tour to Japan.

## Early life

Bélier was born on 2 September 1973 in Longjumeau, Île-de-France, France.
# Stadion NŠC Stjepan Spajić

Stadion NŠC Stjepan Spajić is a football stadium in the Siget neighborhood of Zagreb, Croatia. It was built in 2000 and serves as home stadium for the NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac football club. The stadium has an all seater capacity of 5,000 spectators. It is named after the late club president Stjepan Spajić.
Stadium was venue of the Rugby Europe Trophy held in Zagreb, in 2018, 2019 and 2021, as well as of the rugby 7s tournament of the 2016 European Universities Games.
# Terminal City (comics)

Terminal City is the name for two comic book limited series published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint in 1996 and 1997, with, respectively nine and five issues. Dean Motter was the writer and Michael Lark was the artist for the series.

## Collected editions

The first series was collected in a 1997 paperback book titled Terminal City, ISBN 1-56389-391-6. Dark Horse released a new Collected Edition called The Compleat Terminal City, containing both stories in March 2012.

## Awards

Terminal City was a top vote-getter for the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for Favorite Limited Series for 1997. The second series, Terminal City: Aerial Graffiti was a top vote-getter for the same award for 1998.
# Sweet Home Township, Clark County, Missouri

Sweet Home Township is an inactive township in Clark County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Sweet Home Township took its name from the now extinct town of Sweet Home, which was founded in the early 1830s.
# Radešínská Svratka

Radešínská Svratka is a municipality and village Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Radešínská Svratka lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 38 kilometres (24 mi) east of Jihlava, and 136 kilometres (85 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Rgošte

Rgošte is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 319 people.
# Rio Grande Valley Magic

The Rio Grande Valley Magic were a professional indoor football team based in Hidalgo, Texas. The Magic were charter members of the Lone Star Football League (LSFL) in 2012, after playing as an expansion team in the Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL) in 2011. The Magic played their home games at the State Farm Arena.

## History

In July 2010, team owner Chad Dittman announced that he would be bringing an expansion team of the Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL) to Rio Grande Valley. On August 19, 2010, Dittman announced the team's nickname would be the Magic and that the team would be coached by former NFL quarterback, John Fourcade.

## Head coaches

| Name | Term | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Awards |
| Name | Term | W | L | T | Win% | W | L | Awards |
| John Fourcade | 2011 | 6 | 6 | 0 | .500 | 0 | 1 | |
| Schuyler Anderson | 2012 | 6 | 6 | 0 | .500 | 1 | 1 | |

## Season-by-season results

| League Champions | Conference Champions | Division Champions | Wild Card Berth | League Leader |
| Season | Team | League | Conference | Division | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason results |
| Season | Team | League | Conference | Division | Finish | Wins | Losses | Ties | Postseason results |
| 2011 | 2011 | SIFL | Western | Southwest | 3rd | 6 | 6 | 0 | Lost Wild Card 62–65 (Houston) |
| 2012 | 2012 | LSFL | | | 3rd | 6 | 6 | 0 | Won Semifinal 50–47 (Laredo) Lost Lone Star Bowl I 40–62 (Amarillo) |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 12 | 12 | 0 | All-time regular season record (2011–2012) | All-time regular season record (2011–2012) | All-time regular season record (2011–2012) |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 1 | 2 | - | All-time postseason record (2011–2012) | All-time postseason record (2011–2012) | All-time postseason record (2011–2012) |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 13 | 14 | 0 | All-time regular season and postseason record (2011–2012) | All-time regular season and postseason record (2011–2012) | All-time regular season and postseason record (2011–2012) |
# Pholidoptera griseoaptera

Pholidoptera griseoaptera, the dark bush-cricket, is a flightless species of European bush-cricket; it is the type species of its genus with no subspecies.

## Description

Pholidoptera griseoaptera can reach a body length of 11 to 21 mm (males) and 15 to 20 mm (females), much smaller than the similar Pholidoptera aptera. The sickle-shaped and upward curved ovipositor of the females is 8 to 10 mm long, while the males have two short cerci. The antennae and the hind legs are quite long.
The rounded brachypterous wings of the males are brown with light brown to ochre-coloured edges and are about 5 mm in length (about as long as the pronotum). The females are almost wingless or have half-round, grey-brown fore-wings that are 1–2 mm long. Long-winged (macropterous) forms are not recorded.

## Distribution and biology

This species can be found in Europe from northern Spain up to Crimea, Caucasus and the Near East. It is fairly common in Great Britain, but not recorded from Ireland. On the Isle of Man the species is legally protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Act 1990, being found at only two coastal sites (Lonan and Glen Maye) at the extreme north of the species’ British Isles distribution. Adults are omnivorous, feeding primarily on small insects such as aphids and caterpillars, but eat also plants such as bramble (Rubus species), dandelion (Taraxacum species) and nettles (Urtica species). The stridulation is a brief and penetrating sound, repeatedly irregularly night and day.

## Habitat

The dark bush-cricket colonizes a variety of habitats, but avoids sandy soils and are accordingly rare in sandy areas. It is mainly present in forest edges or clearings, but can be found also in wasteland, parks and gardens, at an elevation of about 0–2,100 metres (0–6,890 ft) above sea level.
The females lay their eggs in the soil, in dead branches, in bark crevices and rotting wood. The eggs need high humidity. The larvae require two years for their full development, with seven larval stages. They feed exclusively on vegetables. Nymphs appear at the end of April of the third year, while the first adults appear in June.
# Sandymount Avenue

Sandymount Avenue (Irish: Ascaill Dhumhach Thrá) joins Merrion Road to Gilford Road in Sandymount, Dublin. Sandymount railway station is located roughly halfway along it at a level crossing. It is a residential area.
W.B. Yeats, the Nobel Prize-winning poet, was born here. A plaque now marks his birthplace.
# Terminalia januariensis

Terminalia januariensis is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states of southeastern Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Storhove

Storhove is a neighborhood of Lillehammer, Norway, located 5 kilometers (3 mi) north of the city center. It is the location of a Inland Norway University site, and the Lillehammer offices of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. During the 1994 Winter Olympics, it also hosted the International Broadcasting Center and the Main Press Center.
# Ungseokbong

Ungseokbong is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, southeastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,099 metres.
# Yeletsky

Yeletsky (masculine), Yeletskaya (feminine), or Yeletskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Yeletsky District, a district of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia
* Yeletsky (inhabited locality) (Yeletskaya, Yeletskoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
* Yeletsky (family), a princely family of Rurikid stock