OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scientific demonstration

A scientific demonstration is a procedure carried out for the purposes of demonstrating scientific principles, rather than for hypothesis testing or knowledge gathering (although they may originally have been carried out for these purposes).
Most scientific demonstrations are simple laboratory demonstrations intended to demonstrate physical principles, often in a surprising or entertaining way. They are carried out in schools and universities, and sometimes in public demonstrations in popular science lectures and TV programs aimed at the public. Many scientific demonstrations are chosen for their combination of educational merit and entertainment value, which is often provided by dramatic phenomena such as explosions.
Public scientific demonstrations were a common occurrence in the Age of Enlightenment, and have long been a feature of the British Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, which date back to 1825. In the television era, scientific demonstrations have featured in science-related entertainment shows such as MythBusters and Brainiac: Science Abuse.
Many scientific demonstrations are potentially dangerous, and should not be attempted without considerable laboratory experience and appropriate safety precautions. Many older well-known scientific demonstrations, once mainstays of science education, are now effectively impossible to demonstrate to an audience without breaking health and safety laws. Some older demonstrations, such as allowing the audience to play with liquid mercury, are sufficiently dangerous that they should not be attempted by anyone under any circumstances.
# Segretissimo

Segretissimo is an Italian series of spy/thriller/noir novels, published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore since 1961. A first series with the same name was launched in October 1960, featuring 12 spy novels all by Jean Bruce; the series was then restarted from #1, which (apart Bruce) has featured mainly translations of American or British authors, such as James Hadley Chase, Edward S. Aarons, Stephen Gunn and others, as well as the Nick Carter series and the SAS series by Gérard de Villiers and his followers.
The series spawned several companions, such as Segretissimo presenta, Supersegretissimo and Segretissimo SAS, both containing reprints. Cover artists include Ferenc Pintèr (whole first series) and Carlo Jacono.
# Osage Township, Cole County, Missouri

Osage Township is an inactive township in Cole County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Osage Township was named after the Osage River.
# Un Mundo Perfecto

Un mundo Perfecto is an Argentinean TV program hosted by comedian and musician Roberto Pettinato and distributed by América TV. The show features interviews with celebrities and members of the public, comedic monologues by the host and music performances. It premiered on March 16, 2009.
# Tyrell Rayne

Tyrell Rayne (born August 10, 1994) is a soccer player. Born in Canada, he represents Antigua & Barbuda internationally.

## Career
### College

In 2012, he played for the University of Toronto Varsity Blues, playing in all 14 of the team's games, scoring two goals.

### Club

In 2014, began playing in League1 Ontario with Master's FA. In 2014, he was an Honourable Mention on the league's Young Stars year-end All-Stars team. In 2015, he was named a league Second-team All-Star. In 2016, played in the league All-Star game for the East Division, and was he was once again named a league-wide Second-team All-Star, after scoring 14 goals in 18 games.
In 2017, he joined Durham United FA, with whom he scored 7 goals in 20 games, which led his team, including a hat trick on September 16 against Ottawa South United. Prior to the season, he scored a goal in an exhibition game with the League1 Ontario All-stars against professional USL club Ottawa Fury FC.
In 2018 and 2019, he played with the Woodbridge Strikers, scoring 8 goals in 29 league games, while also appearing in 5 playoff games.

### International

In September 2019, he was called up to the Antigua and Barbuda national team ahead of a pair of CONCACAF Nations League games, being the only overseas player in the squad. He made his debut on September 7 against Jamaica.
# Birch Creek (Franklin County, Idaho)

Birch Creek is a 6.1-mile-long (9.8 km) northeastward-flowing stream originating on the western slope of the Bear River Range in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. Its mouth is at the confluence with Mink Creek about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Preston, Idaho. In turn, Mink Creek flows southwest to its confluence with the Bear River and, from there, its flows terminate in the Great Salt Lake.

## Ecology

Birch Creek hosts Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah), a subspecies of cutthroat trout native to tributaries of the Great Salt Lake, and one of 14 or so recognized subspecies of cutthroat trout native to the western United States. In addition to increased drought, Bonneville cutthroat are threatened by introduced non-native trout species through predation, competition, and hybridization. The instream and riparian degradation of Birch Creek is associated with decades of heavy cattle grazing pressure, removal of beaver (Castor canadensis), and encroachment of pinyon and juniper forests. Channel incision has lowered the water table and reduced floodplain connectivity, which has further adversely affected the condition of the riparian areas which is critical habitat for a variety of aquatic and riparian obligate species particularly greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). A project to restore beaver to the creek led by Idaho rancher Jay Wilde and Utah State University watershed scientist, that began with reduced riparian grazing pressure, construction of beaver dam analogues, and then followed by translocation of beaver to the stream has increased cutthroat trout abundance ten-fold.
# Xuthus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Xuthus (/ˈz(j)uːθəs/; Ancient Greek: Ξοῦθος Xouthos means 'sparrow') may refer to the following characters:
* Xuthus, son of Hellen and father of Ion by Creusa.
* Xuthus, one of the sons of King Aeolus of Aeolian Islands, the keeper of the winds. His mother was named as either Cyane, daughter of Liparus or Telepora (Telepatra), daughter of Laestrygon. Xuthus's siblings were variously given as (1) Agathyrnus, Astyochus, Androcles, Iocastus and Pheraemon; (2) Androcles, Chrysippus, Jocastus, Phalacrus, Pheraemon, Aeole, Astycrateia, Dia, Hephaestia, Iphthe and Periboea; and lastly, (3) Periphas, Agenor, Euchenor, Klymenos, Macareus, Klymene, Kallithyia, Eurygone, Lysidike, Kanake and an unnamed sister. According to various accounts, Aeolus yoked in marriage his sons, including Xuthus, and daughters in order to preserve concord and affection among them. Later on, Xuthus became king of the land in the neighbourhood of Leontini, which is known after him as Xuthia to this day.
# Substitution method

In optical fiber technology, the substitution method is a method of measuring the transmission loss of a fiber. It consists of:
* using a stable optical source, at the wavelength of interest, to drive a mode scrambler, the output of which overfills (drives) a 1 to 2 meter long reference fiber having physical and optical characteristics matching those of the fiber under test,
* measuring the power level at the output of the reference fiber,
* repeating the procedure, substituting the fiber under test for the reference fiber, and
* subtracting the power level obtained at the output of the fiber under test from the power level obtained at the output of the reference fiber, to get the transmission loss of the fiber under test.
The substitution method has certain shortcomings with regard to its accuracy, but its simplicity makes it a popular field test method. It is conservative, in that if it were used to measure the individual losses of several long fibers, and the long fibers were concatenated, the total loss obtained (excluding splice losses) would be expected to be lower than the sum of the individual fiber losses.
Some modern optical power meters have the capability to set to zero the reference level measured at the output of the reference fiber, so that the transmission loss of the fiber under test may be read out directly.
# Scellus virago

Scellus virago is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae.
# Regulon

In molecular genetics, a regulon is a group of genes that are regulated as a unit, generally controlled by the same regulatory gene that expresses a protein acting as a repressor or activator. This terminology is generally, although not exclusively, used in reference to prokaryotes, whose genomes are often organized into operons; the genes contained within a regulon are usually organized into more than one operon at disparate locations on the chromosome. Applied to eukaryotes, the term refers to any group of non-contiguous genes controlled by the same regulatory gene.
A modulon is a set of regulons or operons that are collectively regulated in response to changes in overall conditions or stresses, but may be under the control of different or overlapping regulatory molecules. The term stimulon is sometimes used to refer to the set of genes whose expression responds to specific environmental stimuli.

## Examples

Commonly studied regulons in bacteria are those involved in response to stress such as heat shock. The heat shock response in E. coli is regulated by the sigma factor σ32 (RpoH), whose regulon has been characterized as containing at least 89 open reading frames.
Regulons involving virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria are of particular research interest; an often-studied example is the phosphate regulon in E. coli, which couples phosphate homeostasis to pathogenicity through a two-component system. Regulons can sometimes be pathogenicity islands.
The Ada regulon in E. coli is a well-characterized example of a group of genes involved in the adaptive response form of DNA repair.
Quorum sensing behavior in bacteria is a commonly cited example of a modulon or stimulon, though some sources describe this type of intercellular auto-induction as a separate form of regulation.

## Evolution

Changes in the regulation of gene networks are a common mechanism for prokaryotic evolution. An example of the effects of different regulatory environments for homologous proteins is the DNA-binding protein OmpR, which is involved in response to osmotic stress in E. coli but is involved in response to acidic environments in the close relative Salmonella Typhimurium.
# Sentimental Journey (Houston Person album)

Sentimental Journey is an album by saxophonist Houston Person which was recorded in 2002 and released on the HighNote label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In his review on Allmusic, Scott Yanow states "As the 21st century began, Houston Person was one of the last in a tradition of tough-toned but warm tenors able to straddle the boundaries between soul-jazz, hard bop, and soulful R&B. An expert at caressing and uplifting melodies, Person plays in the tradition of Gene Ammons. Person is in excellent form throughout this quartet/quintet date ... Sentimental Journey is a strong example of his talents". In JazzTimes, David Franklin wrote: "Houston Person is still carrying on the great tenor saxophone tradition that combines breathy soulfulness with blues-drenched, stomping swing. The lush-toned tenorist’s latest release, Sentimental Journey, verifies his continuing command of the idiom. ... It’s an increasingly rare pleasure to hear a sensitive player like Houston Person pay respect to great melodies, rendering them essentially as written. But it’s also good that his new record offers plenty of opportunities for straightahead blowing by some fine improvisers".

## Track listing

* "Sentimental Journey" (Les Brown, Ben Homer, Bud Green) – 6:08
* "A Sunday Kind of Love" (Barbara Belle, Anita Leonard, Louis Prima, Stan Rhodes) – 6:21
* "It Had to Be You" (Isham Jones, Gus Kahn) – 6:36
* "Fools Rush In" (Rube Bloom, Johnny Mercer) – 5:48
* "Black Velvet" (Jimmy Mundy) – 6:45
* "Save Your Love for Me" (Buddy Johnson) – 7:18
* "What'll I Do" (Irving Berlin) – 6:18
* "I Love You Yes I Do" (Henry Glover, Sally Nix) – 4:52
* "Canadian Sunset" (Eddie Heywood, Norman Gimbel) – 6:38

## Personnel

* Houston Person – tenor saxophone
* Richard Wyands – piano
* Russell Malone – guitar (tracks 1, 3, 5 & 6)
* Peter Washington – bass
* Grady Tate – drums
# Osifekunde

Osifekunde of Ijebu (born c. 1795) was an Ijebu man whose documented narrative, as a victim of The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, serves as one of the earliest Western records of Yoruba land.

## Early life

Osifekunde was from Epe, Ijebu Ode but was born in Makun, a suburb of Sagamu in about 1795. His father was Adde Sonlou, an Ijebu warrior who fled Makun as a result of a skirmish resulting in the death of another warrior. In addition to time in Epe as a result of his father Sonlou's asylum, Osifekunde spent time in the Kingdom of Benin. Osifekunde's grandfather was Ochi-Wo who held the office of Ladeke.

## Victim of the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

Osifekunde was about 20 years old (approximately 1810) when Ijaw pirates captured him in the Niger Delta lagoon and sold him to Brazilian slave merchants.

## Meeting with Pascal d'Avezac-Macaya in Paris

About 20 years after Osifekunde was forcibly transferred to Brazil, he accompanied his master (one Mr. Navarre) to Paris where he was employed as a servant and went by the names 'Joaquim' and 'Joseph'. In Paris he happened upon Pascal d'Avezac-Macaya, an ethnographer and vice-president of the Société Ethnologique de Paris, who had a keen interest in Africa. Pascal d'Avesac-Macaya interviewed Osifekunde (in pidgin Portuguese since Osifekunde spoke little or no French at the time) for weeks and Osifekunde's recollection of Ijebu Ode and Lagos (published by Pascal d'Avezac-Macay in 1845) became an important addition to European knowledge of the Guinea Coast.
Pascal d'Avesac-Macaya arranged for Osifekunde to move to Sierra Leone (then a British colony established as a home for captives liberated by the West Africa Squadron) but Osifekunde didn't take the offer and according to P.C. Lloyd "preferred servitude under his former master in Brazil, where he could be with his own son". There are no accounts of Osifekunde after his chance encounter with Pascal d'Avezac-Macaya. Seemingly frustrated by the transient nature of his encounter with Osifekunde, Pascal d'Avezac-Macay wrote:
   Let me bring these disconnected pages to a close, a hasty collection of incomplete data drawn from an unexpected source [Osifekunde] and one that too soon became silent. Especially during my work of coordination I have become conscious of many important gaps that remain to be filled; but I no longer have Osifekunde to answer my questions, and I can only offer the results of our long and often fruitless conversations.
# RNA helicase database

The RNA helicase database stored data about RNA helicases. The URL referenced in the article has been invalid since at least December 31st 2017.
# Billions in Change

Billions in Change is a limited liability corporation led by Manoj Bhargava, the founder of 5-hour Energy. The company's goals are to develop financing and technologies that could aid in the elimination of world poverty.

## M88

The company describes itself as a movement that began in October 2015 with the release of its self-titled documentary, Billions in Change. The purpose of the company and its film are to inform the public that viable solutions to some of the world's problems are "ready for implementation." The 42 minute film is narrated by Bhargava and outlines the various technologies developed at his company's technology laboratories. These innovations include a stationary, electricity generating bike, a technology for harnessing the earth's geothermal energy, a medical device that promotes circulation and a machine that converts sea water to drinking water at a rate of 1,000 gallons per hour. According to the film, Bhargava plans to donate 99% of his wealth to charitable ventures. The company says it plans to distribute 10,000 electricity generating bikes to homeowners in India during 2016.
# Sumiao station

Sumiao station (Chinese: 苏庙站) is a metro station that is the north terminus of Line 3 of the Wuxi Metro. It is located in Huishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu.
# Scellus crinipes

Scellus crinipes is a species of Brachycera in the family of long-legged flies.
# Reiner E. Moritz

Reiner Eberhard Moritz (born 1938 in Hanover) is a German film director and film producer.

## Biography

Moritz studied musicology, German, and Romance studies. He graduated from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1970. In 1977, he founded the RM Creative Fernseh- und Film-GmbH in Munich, which still exists today. In 1978, he founded the RM Arts Fernseh- und Film GmbH, which later passed to the Kirch Group and since 2005 has rights to some 900 productions owned by the Arthaus Musik label. RM Arts produced a large number of documentaries in the field of music and visual arts.
In 1981, RM Arts started the series 1000 Meisterwerke for the WDR under the direction of Moritz. Moritz knew Dmitri Shostakovich and produced the documentary Ein Mann mit vielen Gesichtern ("A man with many faces") about him.

## Honours

* 2007: Honorary Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik.
* 2009: Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Order of the Lion of Finland.

## Filmography (selection)
### As director

* 1981: 1000 Meisterwerke (series)
* 1991: Werner Tübke. About the adventure of figuration
* 2004: L'heure espagnole
* 2006: The Real Rameau
* 2014: Tanz macht Fernsehgeschichte

### As producer

* 1972: Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii
* 1978: Monsieur René Magritte
* 1984: Puccini
* 1992: Das Doppelleben des Arnold Bax ("The Double Life of Arnold Bax")
* 1998: In Rehearsal: Christoph von Dohnányi with the Philharmonia Orchestra
# Sequoyah Research Center

The Sequoyah National Research Center (SNRC), located in Little Rock, Arkansas, is the home of the American Native Press Archives (ANPA). ANPA is one of the largest repositories of Native American publications in the world. The Center is also home to the J.W. Wiggins Native American Art Collection, a collection of over 2400 pieces of art by contemporary Native American artists.
From their website:
   The American Native Press Archives began in 1983 as a clearinghouse for information on American Indian and Alaska Native newspapers and periodicals. In the ensuing years, it has evolved from a joint effort of the Department of English and the Ottenheimer Library [the UALR library] to a freestanding unit in the University. Its mission has changed from an information exchange to a research facility that collects and archives the products of the Native press and materials related to Native press history, collects and documents the works of Native writers, constructs bibliographic guides to Native writing and publishing, creates digital editions of writers' works, and conducts and publishes original research on topics of importance to Indian communities. It stands today as one of the world's largest repositories of Native thought.
ANPA was founded in 1983 by Dr. Daniel F. Littlefield and Dr. James W. Parins. The SRC is the physical housing, educational, and research portion of ANPA, and ANPA is usually just referred to as "SRC". The SRC is housed and supported by the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.
The name "Sequoyah Research Center" comes from the name Sequoyah, a Cherokee silversmith and inventor of that tribe's syllabary.

## Archival holdings

* Newspaper and periodical collections of more than 2100 titles published primarily by Native nations, organizations, and individuals.
* Manuscripts and special collections including papers of scholars and writers, records of media organizations and press history, Native organizations, and tribal history.
* Files on an estimated 4500 Native writers.
* An extensive library.
* Microform holdings of Native newspaper and periodicals, records of tribal nations and organizations, and records of federal agencies.
# Umar Seno Aji

Umar Seno Aji (5 December 1915 – 9 November 1984) was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia as well as the fourteenth Indonesian Minister of Law and Human Rights.
Aji's appointment as minister of law in 1966 was initially viewed as a victory by supporters of the rule of law; this later led to disappointment when, after his appointment, he became an opponent of judicial review. While his predecessor as chief justice Subekti had been a champion of judicial independence, Aji aided in the subordination of the supreme court to the executive branch and his successor as minister of law, Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. His exertion of pressure on courts to avoid giving citizens too many rights in tort cases were one factor that led to the establishment of formal administrative courts in the country, though his politics of patronage are still credited with whittling away the judiciary's independence by the 1970s.
In terms of jurisprudence, Aji often looked to the judiciaries of other nations for congruence with that of Indonesia. He asserted that the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence strongly resembled the United States Declaration of Independence, and that Indonesian courts enforce customary law in private disputes, a concept similar to that of common law and law of equity.
# Paornivik Island

Paornivik Island is an uninhabited island in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.

## Geography

The horseshoe-shaped Paornivik Island is located in Tasiusaq Bay, in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago. It is sandwiched between Qullikorsuit Island in the north − from which it is separated by the narrow Paorniviup Tunua strait − and Mernoq Island in the southwest. To the east, inner waterways of Tasiusaq Bay separate it from an unnamed nunatak on the mainland of Greenland.
# Sumichrast's garter snake

Sumichrast's garter snake (Thamnophis sumichrasti) is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Mexico.

## Etymology

The specific name sumichrasti is in honor of the Swiss-born Mexican naturalist Adrien Jean Louis François Sumichrast (1828–1882).

## Geographic range

Thamnophis sumichrasti is found in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, and Veracruz.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of T. sumichrasti are freshwater wetlands and forest.

## Reproduction

T. sumichrasti is viviparous.
# Scirpophaga kumatai

Scirpophaga kumatai is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Angoon Lewvanich in 1981. It is found in Nepal.