# 2016 elections in India

The elections in India in 2016 include the five state legislative assembly elections. The tenure of the state legislative assembly of Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Kerala, Puducherry, Assam, expired during the year. More than 18,000 Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPATs) in 64 Assembly constituencies were used in these 5 elections. The dates of these elections were announced on 4 March 2016.

## Lok Sabha by-elections

| Date | S.No | Constituency | State/UT | MP before election | Party before election | Elected MP | Party after election | Remarks |
| 16 May 2016 | 1. | Tura | Meghalaya | P. A. Sangma | National People's Party | Conrad Sangma | National People's Party | Due To Demise of P. A. Sangma |
| 19 November 2016 | 14. | Lakhimpur | Assam | Sarbananda Sonowal | Bharatiya Janata Party | Pradan Baruah | Bharatiya Janata Party | Due To Resignation of Sarbananda Sonowal |
| 19 November 2016 | 12. | Shahdol | Madhya Pradesh | Dalpat Singh Paraste | Bharatiya Janata Party | Gyan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | Due To Demise of Dalpat Singh Paraste |
| 19 November 2016 | 1. | Cooch Behar | West Bengal | Renuka Sinha | Trinamool Congress | Partha Pratim Roy | Trinamool Congress | Due To Demise of Renuka Sinha |
| 19 November 2016 | 30. | Tamluk | West Bengal | Suvendu Adhikari | Trinamool Congress | Dibyendu Adhikari | Trinamool Congress | Due To Resignation of Suvendu Adhikari |

## Legislative Assembly Elections

| Start date | End date | State | Government before | Chief Minister before | Government after | Elected Chief Minister |
| 4 April 2016 | 11 April 2016 | Assam | Indian National Congress | Tarun Gogoi | Bharatiya Janata Party | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| 4 April 2016 | 11 April 2016 | Assam | Indian National Congress | Tarun Gogoi | Asom Gana Parishad | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| 4 April 2016 | 11 April 2016 | Assam | Indian National Congress | Tarun Gogoi | Bodoland People's Front | Sarbananda Sonowal |
| 4 April 2016 | 5 May 2016 | West Bengal | All India Trinamool Congress | Mamata Banerjee | All India Trinamool Congress | Mamata Banerjee |
| 16 May 2016 | 16 May 2016 | Kerala | United Democratic Front | Oommen Chandy | Left Democratic Front | Pinarayi Vijayan |
| 16 May 2016 | 16 May 2016 | Puducherry | All India N.R. Congress | N. Rangaswamy | Indian National Congress | V. Narayanasamy |
| 16 May 2016 | 16 May 2016 | Puducherry | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | | | V. Narayanasamy |
| 16 May 2016 | 16 May 2016 | Tamil Nadu | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | J. Jayalalithaa | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | J. Jayalalithaa |

### Assam

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly of Assam expired on June 5, 2016. The polls for the incumbent assembly were held in two phases on April 4 and 11 2016 to elect members of the 126 constituencies in Assam. BJP won 60 seats and became biggest party in the election.
| Parties and Coalitions | Parties and Coalitions | Parties and Coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and Coalitions | Parties and Coalitions | Parties and Coalitions | Vote | % | +/- | Contested | Won | +/- |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party | NDA | 4,992,185 | 29.5 | | 84 | 60 | 55 |
| | Asom Gana Parishad | NDA | 1,377,482 | 8.1 | | 24 | 14 | 4 |
| | Bodoland People's Front | NDA | 666,057 | 3.9 | | 16 | 12 | |
| | Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch | NDA | | | | 1 | 0 | |
| | Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch | NDA | | | | 1 | 0 | |
| | Indian National Congress | UPA | 5,238,655 | 30.9 | | 122 | 26 | 52 |
| | United People's Party Liberal | UPA | | | | 4 | 0 | |
| | All India United Democratic Front | G.A | 2,207,945 | 13.0 | | 74 | 13 | 5 |
| | Janata Dal (United) | G.A | 12,538 | 0.07 | | 4 | 0 | |
| | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Left | 93,508 | 0.55 | | 19 | 0 | |
| | Communist Party of India | Left | 37,243 | 0.22 | | 15 | 0 | |
| | Independents | | 1,867,531 | 11.04 | | 496 | 1 | 2 |
| | Total | Total | 16919364 | 100.0 | | 126 | | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | | | | | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | | | | | | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | | | | | | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | | | | | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | | | | | | | |

### West Bengal

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal expired on May 29, 2016. Like in 2011, the polls for the next assembly were held in six phases. The first phase, held in Naxal-affected areas, had two polling dates — April 4 and April 11. The other phases were held on April 17, 21, 25, 30 and May 5.
West Bengal election results were announced along with other four assemblies on 19 May 2016. All India Trinamool Congress under Mamata Banerjee won 211 seats, and thus was reelected with an enhanced majority.
| Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | 2016 West Bengal Bidhan Sabha Election | 2016 West Bengal Bidhan Sabha Election | 2016 West Bengal Bidhan Sabha Election | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won | +/− |
| | All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 24,564,523 | 44.91 | | 293 | 211 | 27 |
| | Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 10,802,058 | 19.75 | | 148 | 26 | 14 |
| | Indian National Congress (INC) | 6,700,938 | 12.25 | | 92 | 44 | 2 |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 5,555,134 | 10.16 | | 291 | 3 | 3 |
| | All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) | 1,543,764 | 2.82 | 1.98 | 25 | 2 | 9 |
| | Independents (IND) | 1,184,047 | 2.16 | 0.97 | 371 | 1 | 1 |
| | Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 911,004 | 1.67 | 1.33 | 19 | 3 | 4 |
| | Communist Party of India (CPI) | 791,925 | 1.45 | 0.35 | 11 | 1 | 1 |
| | Socialist Unity Centre of India (SUCI) | 365,996 | 0.67 | 0.23 | 182 | 0 | 1 |
| | Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GOJAM) | 254,626 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 5 | 3 | |
| | Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) | 167,576 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| | Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 69,898 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 1 | 0 | |
| | Samajwadi Party (SP) | 46,402 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 23 | 0 | 1 |
| | Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) | 15,439 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1 | 0 | |
| | None of the Above (NOTA) | 831,848 | 1.52 | 1.52 | | | |
| Total | Total | 54,697,791 | 100.0 | | 2255 | 294 | ±0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 54,697,791 | 99.92 | | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 44,622 | 0.08 | | | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 54,742,413 | 83.02 | | | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 11,196,593 | 16.98 | | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 65,939,006 | | | | | |

### Kerala

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly of Kerala expired on May 31, 2016. The polls for the next assembly were held on 16 May 2016. The Left Democratic Front won a clear victory with 91 in 140 seats.
| Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | Candidates | Won |
| | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 5,365,472 | 26.7 | 84 | 59 |
| | Indian National Congress | 4,794,793 | 23.8 | 87 | 21 |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party | 2,129,726 | 10.6 | 98 | 1 |
| | Communist Party of India | 1,643,878 | 8.2 | 25 | 19 |
| | Indian Union Muslim League | 1,496,864 | 7.4 | 23 | 18 |
| | Kerala Congress (Mani) | 807,718 | 4.0 | 15 | 5 |
| | Bharath Dharma Jana Sena | 795,797 | 4.0 | 36 | 0 |
| | Independents (LDF) | 487,510 | 2.4 | 8 | 4 |
| | Janata Dal (United) | 296,585 | 1.5 | 7 | 0 |
| | Janata Dal (Secular) | 293,274 | 1.5 | 5 | 3 |
| | Nationalist Congress Party | 237,408 | 1.2 | 4 | 2 |
| | Independents (IND) | 220,797 | 1.1 | 420 | 1 |
| | Revolutionary Socialist Party | 216,071 | 1.1 | 5 | 0 |
| | Kerala Congress (Democratic) | 157,584 | 0.78 | 4 | 0 |
| | National Secular Conference | 130,843 | 0.65 | 2 | 1 |
| | Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) | 75,725 | 0.38 | 1 | 1 |
| | Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) | 74,429 | 0.37 | 1 | 1 |
| | Kerala Congress (Jacob) | 73,770 | 0.37 | 1 | 1 |
| | Communist Marxist Party (Aravindakshan) | 64,666 | 0.32 | 1 | 1 |
| | Congress (Secular) | 54,347 | 0.27 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 20,232,718 | 100.00 | 1,203 | 140 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 20,232,718 | 99.97 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 6,107 | 0.03 | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 20,238,825 | 77.53 | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 5,866,244 | 22.47 | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 26,105,069 | | | |

### Puducherry

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly of Puducherry expired on June 2, 2016. The polls for the next assembly were held on 16 May 2016 to elect members of the 30 constituencies in the non-contiguous territory. INC won 15 out of 30 seats.
Change :
| | Indian National Congress | 2,44,886 | 30.60 | 5.54 | 21 | 15 | 8 |
| | All India N.R. Congress | 2,25,082 | 28.1 | 3.65 | 30 | 8 | 7 |
| | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 134,597 | 16.8 | 3.05 | 30 | 4 | 1 |
| | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 70,836 | 8.9 | 1.78 | 9 | 2 | |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party | 19,303 | 2.4 | 1.08 | 30 | 0 | |
| | Independents | 62,884 | 7.9 | – | | 1 | |
| | None of the above | 13,240 | 1.7 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | Total | 8,00,343 | | | | 30 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 8,00,343 | 99.86 | | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 1,099 | 0.14 | | | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 8,01,442 | 85.08 | | | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,43,490 | 14.92 | | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 9,41,935 | | | | | |
| Source: International Business Times ||||||||

### Tamil Nadu

The tenure of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu expired on May 22, 2016. The polls for the next assembly were held on 16 May 2016 for the 234 seats of the Legislative Assembly in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. In the previous election in 2011, the AIADMK, under the leadership of Jayalalithaa, won a majority and formed the government. The results declared on 19 May 2016 and AIADMK was able to retain power with a comfortable majority of 133 seats out of 231.
Summary of the 2016 Tamil Nadu legislative election :
| Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Votes | % | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Party/Alliance | Votes | % | Contested | Won | +/- |
| | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) | 17,806,490 | 40.88% | 234 | 136 | 14 |
| | DPA | | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) | 13,670,511 | 31.39% | 178 | 89 | 66 |
| | DPA | | Indian National Congress | 2,774,075 | 6.47% | 41 | 8 | 3 |
| | DPA | | Indian Union Muslim League | 313,808 | 0.73% | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| | DPA | | Puthiya Tamilagam | 219,830 | 0.51% | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| | DPA | | Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | 197,150 | 0.46% | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| | DPA | Total | Total | 17,175,374 | 39.85 | 234 | 98 | 66 |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam | 1,037,431 | 2.41% | 105 | 0 | 29 |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 373,713 | 0.87% | 28 | 0 | |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Communist Party of India | 340,290 | 0.79% | 25 | 0 | 9 |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | 331,849 | 0.77% | 25 | 0 | |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 307,303 | 0.72% | 25 | 0 | 10 |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | | Tamil Maanila Congress | 230,711 | 0.54% | 26 | 0 | |
| | People's Welfare Front (PWF) | Total | Total | 2,621,297 | 6.1 | 234 | 0 | 48 |
| | Pattali Makkal Katchi | Pattali Makkal Katchi | Pattali Makkal Katchi | 2,302,564 | 5.36% | 234 | 0 | 3 |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party | Bharatiya Janata Party | Bharatiya Janata Party | 1,235,660 | 2.86% | 234 | 0 | |
| | Naam Tamilar Katchi | Naam Tamilar Katchi | Naam Tamilar Katchi | 460,089 | 1.07% | 234 | 0 | |
| | All India Forward Bloc | All India Forward Bloc | All India Forward Bloc | 44,546 | 0.10% | 33 | 0 | 1 |
| | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | 167,560 | 0.39% | 72 | 0 | |
| | Bahujan Samaj Party | Bahujan Samaj Party | Bahujan Samaj Party | 97,823 | 0.23% | n/a | 0 | |
| | Social Democratic Party of India | Social Democratic Party of India | Social Democratic Party of India | 65,978 | 0.15% | n/a | 0 | |
| | Independents | Independents | Independents | 617,907 | 1.44% | 234 | 0 | |
| | None of the above | None of the above | None of the above | 5,65,077 | 1.31% | 234 | – | – |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 4,35,56,184 | 100.00 | - | 234 | - |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 4,35,56,184 | 99.93 | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 29,507 | 0.07 | | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 4,35,85,691 | 74.81 | | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,46,74,574 | 25.19 | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 5,82,60,506 | | | | |
Election to two assembly constituencies were cancelled by the Election Commission on confirmed reports of bribing voters in Aravakurichi and Thanjavur. Elections were held later there on 26 October 2016

## Legislative Assembly by-elections
### Arunachal Pradesh

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 19 November 2016 | Hayuliang | Kalikho Pul | | People's Party of Arunachal | Dasanglu Pul | | Bharatiya Janata Party |

### Assam

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 19 November 2016 | Baithalangso | Mansing Rongpi | | Indian National Congress | Mansing Rongpi | | Bharatiya Janata Party |

### Bihar

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Harlakhi | Basant Kushwaha | | Rashtriya Lok Samata Party | Sudhanshu Shekhar | | Rashtriya Lok Samata Party |

### Gujarat

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 21 January 2016 | Choryasi | Rajendrabhai Parmar | | Bharatiya Janata Party | Zankhana Patel | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2 | 16 May 2016 | Talala | Jashubhai Barad | | Indian National Congress | Govindbhai Parmar | | Bharatiya Janata Party |

### Jammu and Kashmir

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 22 June 2016 | Anantnag | Mufti Mohammed Sayeed | | Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party | Mehbooba Mufti | | Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |

### Jharkhand

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 16 May 2016 | Godda | Raghu Nandan Mandal | | Bharatiya Janata Party | Amit Kumar Mandal | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2 | Panki | Bidesh Singh | | Indian National Congress | Devendra Kumar Singh | | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Bidar | Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli | Bharatiya Janata Party | Rahim Khan | Indian National Congress |
| 2 | 13 February 2016 | Devadurga | Venkatesh Nayak | Indian National Congress | K. Shivana Gowda Nayaka | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 3 | 13 February 2016 | Hebbal | R Jagadeesh Kumar | Indian National Congress | Y.A. Narayana Swamy | Bharatiya Janata Party |

### Madhya Pradesh

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Maihar | Narayan Prasad | Indian National Congress | Narayan Tripathi | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2 | 30 May 2016 | Ghoradongri | Sajjan Singh Uikey | Bharatiya Janata Party | Mangal Singh Dhruve | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 3 | 19 November 2016 | Nepanagar | Rajendra Shyamlal Dadu | Bharatiya Janata Party | Manju Rajendra Dadu | Bharatiya Janata Party |

### Maharashtra

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Palghar | Krushna Arjun Ghoda | | Shiv Sena | Amit Krushna Ghoda | | Shiv Sena |

### Puducherry

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 19 November 2016 | Nellithope | A. Johnkumar | | Indian National Congress | V. Narayanasamy | | Indian National Congress |

### Punjab

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Khadoor Sahib | Ramanjit Singh Sikki | | Indian National Congress | Ranjit Singh Brahampura | | Shiromani Akali Dal |

### Tamil Nadu

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 19 November 2016 | Thiruparankundram | S. M. Seenivel | | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | A. K. Bose | | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |

### Telangana

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Narayankhed | Patlolla Kishta Reddy | | Indian National Congress | Mahareddy Bhupal Reddy | | Bharat Rashtra Samithi |
| 2 | 16 May 2016 | Palair | Ramireddy Venkatareddy | | Indian National Congress | Tummala Nageswara Rao | | Bharat Rashtra Samithi |

### Tripura

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Amarpur | Manoranjan Acharjee | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Parimal Debnath | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 2 | 19 November 2016 | Barjala | Jitendra Sarkar | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Jhumu Sarkar | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 3 | Khowai | Samsir Debsarkar | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Biswajit Dutta | | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |

### Uttar Pradesh

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 13 February 2016 | Deoband | Rajendra Singh Rana | | Samajwadi Party | Mavia Ali | | Indian National Congress |
| 2 | Muzaffarnagar | Chitranjan Swaroop | | Samajwadi Party | Kapil Dev Aggarwal | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 3 | Bikapur | Mitrasen Yadav | | Samajwadi Party | Anand Sen | | Samajwadi Party |
| 4 | 16 May 2016 | Bilari | Mohd. Irfan | | Samajwadi Party | Mohd. Faeem | | Samajwadi Party |
| 5 | Jangipur | Kailash | | Samajwadi Party | Kismatiya | | Samajwadi Party |

### West Bengal

| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | Party after election |
| 1 | 19 November 2016 | Monteswar | Sajal Panja | | All India Trinamool Congress | Saikat Panja | | All India Trinamool Congress |

## Local Body Elections
### Chandigarh

| Date | Municipal Bodies | Winner 2016 | Winner 2016 |
| 18 December 2016 | Chandigarh Municipal Corporation | | Bharatiya Janata Party |