OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sonic artifact

In sound and music production, sonic artifact, or simply artifact, refers to sonic material that is accidental or unwanted, resulting from the editing or manipulation of a sound.

## Types

Because there are always technical restrictions in the way a sound can be recorded (in the case of acoustic sounds) or designed (in the case of synthesised or processed sounds), sonic errors often occur. These errors are termed artifacts (or sound/sonic artifacts), and may be pleasing or displeasing. A sonic artifact is sometimes a type of digital artifact, and in some cases is the result of data compression (not to be confused with dynamic range compression, which also may create sonic artifacts).
Often an artifact is deliberately produced for creative reasons. For example to introduce a change in timbre of the original sound or to create a sense of cultural or stylistic context. A well-known example is the overdriving of an electric guitar or electric bass signal to produce a clipped, distorted guitar tone or fuzz bass.
Editing processes that deliberately produce artifacts often involve technical experimentation. A good example of the deliberate creation of sonic artifacts is the addition of grainy pops and clicks to a recent recording in order to make it sound like a vintage vinyl record.
Flanging and distortion were originally regarded as sonic artifacts; as time passed they became a valued part of pop music production methods. Flanging is added to electric guitar and keyboard parts. Other magnetic tape artifacts include wow, flutter, saturation, hiss, noise, and print-through.
It is valid to consider the genuine surface noise such as pops and clicks that are audible when a vintage vinyl recording is played back or recorded onto another medium as sonic artifacts, although not all sonic artifacts must contain in their meaning or production a sense of "past", more so a sense of "by-product". Other vinyl record artifacts include turntable rumble, ticks, crackles and groove echos.
In the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, inadequate sampling bandwidth creates a sonic artifact known as an alias, and the resulting distortion of the sound is termed aliasing. Examples of aliasing can be heard in early music samplers since they could record audio at bit rates and sampling frequencies below the Nyquist rate, considered desirable by some musicians. Aliasing is a major concern in the analog-to-digital conversion of video and audio signals.
In the creation of computer music and electronic music in the past decade, particularly in glitch music, software is used to create sonic artifacts of all stripes. They are also the primary focus of the practice of circuit bending: making sounds from products that were unintended by the makers of the circuitry.
# Shah Abdul Ahad Afzali

Shah Abdul Ahad Afzali was the Governor of Ghor from 2005 to 2007, being the third governor after the fall of the Taliban government. He was born in Badakhshan city of Daraim in northern Afghanistan and emigrated with many of his companions to neighbouring country Tajikistan in 1994 until 2003. He was very active in Tajikistan and created many schools and other opportunities for Afghan children and youths.
# Richmondville United Methodist Church

Richmondville United Methodist Church is a historic United Methodist church at 266 Main Street in Richmondville, Schoharie County, New York. It is a nearly square building with an engaged entrance / bell tower built about 1900. The two story, gable and hipped roof, wood frame parsonage was built in 1893.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Vimbodí i Poblet

Vimbodí i Poblet (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Conca de Barberà in Catalonia, Spain. The main settlement is the village of Vimbodí.
The Prades Mountains are located in the vicinity of this municipality.

## Sights

The Monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet is a Cistercian monastery founded in 1151, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991.
# Phrynocephalus maculatus

Phrynocephalus maculatus, the blacktail toadhead agama or spotted toad-headed agama, is a species of agamid lizard in Iran, Turkmenistan, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait.
# The Waterfall

The Waterfall may refer to:
* The Waterfall (album), a 2015 album by American rock band My Morning Jacket
* The Waterfall (film), a 2001 Turkish comedy-drama film, written and directed by Semir Aslanyürek
* The Waterfall (novel), a 1969 novel by British novelist Margaret Drabble
# Sambuci

Sambuci is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Rome.
# TUBGCP4

Tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 4 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TUBGCP4 gene. It is part of the gamma tubulin complex, which required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome.
# Boronia warrumbunglensis

Boronia warrumbunglensis is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to a small area in the central west of New South Wales. It is a shrub with many branches, pinnate leaves and one or two pink, four-petalled flowers in the leaf axils. It is only known from the Warrumbungles and nearby districts.

## Description

Boronia warrumbunglensis is a shrub that grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1–3 ft) and has many hairy branches. The leaves are pinnate with three, five or seven leaflets and are 6–32 mm (0.2–1 in) long and 2–27 mm (0.08–1 in) wide in outline with a petiole 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long. The leaflets are elliptic to lance-shaped, 5–16 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long and 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.1 in) wide. The flowers are pale to bright pink and are arranged singly or pairs in leaf axils, each flower on a pedicel 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long. The four sepals are triangular to egg-shaped, 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long, 1.5–2 mm (0.059–0.079 in) wide and densely hairy on the lower side. The four petals are 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.12 in) but increase in size as the fruit develops. The eight stamens alternate in length with those near the sepals longer than those near the petals. Flowering occurs from August to October and the fruit is a hairy capsule 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–3.5 mm (0.12–0.14 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

Boronia warrumbunglensis was first formally described in 1990 by Peter H. Weston and the description was published in Telopea. The specific epithet (warrumbunglensis) refers to the restricted occurrence of this boronia, the ending -ensis is a Latin suffix meaning "denoting place, locality, country".

## Distribution and habitat

This boronia grows in forest on sandstone in the Warrumbungles - Coonabarabran district.
# 5I

5I or 5-I can refer to:
* IATA code for Air G, also called Transair Georgia
* Amos-5i, an AsiaSat 2 satellite
* SSH 5I (WA), see Washington State Route 510
# Sony Ericsson Z610

Sony Ericsson Z610 was a cellphone made by Sony Ericsson. It was launched in 2006. It had a 176x220 pixels main screen, a secondary screen on the back, a 950 mAh Li-ion battery, a 2 MP camera on the back and another one on the front. It had Bluetooth 2.0, 900/1800/1900 GSM and 2100 UMTS bands.
# Shpenadi

Shpenadi is a village in the District of Prizren, in Kosovo.

## History

Shpenadi was mentioned as an Arbanas (Albanian) settlement in a medieval document from 1348. The village Shpenadi is also mentioned in the Ottoman defter of 1591 as 'Shpinadija'.
# Vestibular papillomatosis

Vestibular papillomatosis (VP) are normal small bumps in the genital area of females. The bumps appear in multiple numbers, are rounded and are not painful, itchy or uncomfortable. They are comparable to pearly penile papules, which occur in males.
VP are not infectious and not due to HPV. Diagnosis is by visualization. The bumps are less yellow and more pinkish when compared to Fordyce spots. They should not be mistaken for genital warts. No treatment is required.
They are common in pregnancy. Historically they were sometimes incorrectly called "microwarts".
# Robert Knight (cricketer, born 1879)

Robert Frank Knight (August 10, 1879 - January 9, 1955) was an English cricketer active from 1900 to 1921 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He was born in Rushden on 10 August 1879 and died in Kettering on 9 January 1955. He appeared in 22 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled leg spin. He scored 408 runs with a highest score of 67 and took 21 wickets with a best performance of six for 90.
# Phoenix Airport railway station

Phoenix Airport railway station, alternatively Fenghuang Airport railway station or Fenghuangjichang railway station (Chinese: 凤凰机场站; pinyin: Fènghuáng Jīchǎng Zhàn) is a railway station on the Hainan western ring high-speed railway. It is located on the western outskirts of Sanya City, some 15 km west of downtown, adjacent to Sanya Phoenix International Airport. The station started operation on 30 December 2015.

## History

The 10-km-long section from the Sanya railway station to the Phoenix Airport railway station is the first section of the Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway. The construction work was completed by the end of 2014. Since the rest of the Western Ring Railway (i.e., the much longer section from the Phoenix Airport to Haikou) was completed significantly later, the Sanya railway station to Phoenix Airport railway station section was presumably operated for a while as an extension of the Hainan eastern ring high-speed railway (for which the Sanya railway station is presently the terminal).
# The World That Couldn't Be

The World That Couldn't Be is an anthology of science fiction short-stories selected by Galaxy Science Fiction editor, H. L. Gold.

## Contents

* "The World That Couldn't Be" by Clifford D. Simak
* "Brightside Crossing" by Alan E. Nourse
* "Mezzerow Loves Company" by F. L. Wallace
* "Eye for a What?" by Damon Knight
* "A Woman's Place" by Mark Clifton
* "A Gun for Dinosaur" by L. Sprague de Camp
* "One for the Books" by Richard Matheson
* "The Music Master of Babylon" by Edgar Pangborn
* "Once a Greech" by Evelyn E. Smith
# Samuel Bloomingdale

Samuel Joseph Bloomingdale (June 17, 1873 – May 10, 1968) was an American heir to the Bloomingdale's department store fortune and president of Bloomingdale's from 1905 to 1930.

## Early life and education

Bloomingdale was born to Lyman Bloomingdale, founder of the Bloomingdale's department store, and Hattie Colenberg Bloomingdale, on June 17, 1873, at 938 Third Avenue, the first location of the family-owned department store. He was educated at private schools and graduated from Columbia University in 1895, where he studied architecture. However, after consultation with Dean William Robert Ware of the Columbia School of Architecture, he decided against becoming an architect and joined the family business.

## Career

Upon his father's death, Bloomingdale became president of the department store in 1905. During his 25-year tenure, he oversaw the expansion of the department store and undertook a large scale reconstruction of the store into a modern eight-story structure occupying the entire block from 59th to 60th street between Lexington Avenue and Third Avenue. As president, Bloomingdale was recognized as a pioneer of advertisement, which helped quintuple the sales volume of Bloomingdale's to $25 million annually. The department store was also the first in New York City to welcome an outside union.
In 1930, the store joined the chain of Federated Department Stores and Bloomingdale became a director of the company until 1962. He remained a chairman of Bloomingdale's until 1943 and became the honorary chairman thereafter.

## Philanthropy

Bloomingdale was a trustee of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies and Montefiore Medical Center, and was active in the American Jewish Committee.

## Personal life

Bloomingdale died on May 10, 1968. He was a member of the Century Association, Harmonie Club, Salmagundi Club, Quaker Ridge Golf Club, and Congregation Emanu-El of New York.
He married Rita G. Goodman in 1916 and had two daughters:
* Susan Bloomingdale, who married investor Richard C. Ernst
* Louise Bloomingdale, who married Edgar M. Cullman, president of the General Cigar Company
# Taekwondo at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's +80 kg

The men's +80 kg competition of the taekwondo events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 22 at the Mississauga Sports Centre. The defending Pan American Games champion was Robelis Despaigne of Cuba.

## Qualification

All athletes qualified through the qualification tournament held in March 2015 in Mexico, while host nation Canada was permitted to enter one athlete.

## Schedule

All times are Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4).
| Date | Time | Round |
| July 22, 2015 | 14:20 | Preliminaries |
| July 22, 2015 | 15:20 | Quarterfinals |
| July 22, 2015 | 16:20 | Semifinals |
| July 22, 2015 | 20:20 | Repechage |
| July 22, 2015 | 20:50 | Bronze medal matches/Final |

## Results
### Main bracket

The final results were:
| Preliminary round | Preliminary round | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Gold medal match | Gold medal match |
| | | Rafael Alba (CUB) | 15 | | | | |
| Kenneth Edwards (JAM) | 0 | Philip Yun (USA) | 3 | | | | |
| Philip Yun (USA) | 7 | | | Rafael Alba (CUB) | 8 | | |
| Braian Elliot (URU) | 11 | | | Misael Lopez (MEX) | 5 | | |
| Douglas Townsend (ISV) | 2 | Braian Elliot (URU) | 2 | | | | |
| Victor Feliz (DOM) | 5 | Misael Lopez (MEX) | 3 | | | | |
| Misael Lopez (MEX) | 18 | | | | | Rafael Alba (CUB) | 11 |
| | | | | | | Carlos Rivas (VEN) | 4 |
| | | Guilherme Cezario (BRA) | 2 | | | | |
| Martin Sio (ARG) | 8 | Martin Sio (ARG) | 4 | | | | |
| Leonardo Zamora (CHI) | 5 | | | Martin Sio (ARG) | 9 | | |
| Moises Molinares (COL) | 1 | | | Carlos Rivas (VEN) | 10 | | |
| Carlos Rivas (VEN) | 14 | Carlos Rivas (VEN) | 4 | | | | |
| | | Marc-Andre Bergeron (CAN) | 1 | | | | |

### Repechage

| Semifinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| | | | 1 | Misael Lopez (MEX) | 7 |
| 2 | Marc-Andre Bergeron (CAN) | 9 | | Marc-Andre Bergeron (CAN) | 8 |
| 3 | Moises Molinares (COL) | 2 | | | |
| Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| Philip Yun (USA) | 9 |
| Martin Sio (ARG) | 2 |
# Paydirt (album)

Paydirt is an album by the American band Dash Rip Rock, released in 1998. It was the band's first album to be distributed by a major label. Dash Rip Rock supported the album with a North American tour.

## Production

The album was produced by former member Fred LeBlanc, who also cowrote the songs. Kyle Melancon took over on drums, replacing Chris Luckette. It was the band's intention to make a more radio-friendly record; they had decided to pull back from national touring if Paydirt was not a success. Some of the album's songs were already band live staples.
The song "King Death" was written in tribute to Country Dick Montana. Tab Benoit contributed guitar to "String You Up"; "Singin' the Blues" is a cover of the Marty Robbins song.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Austin Chronicle | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| The Tampa Tribune | |
| The Times-Picayune | |
The Washington Post called the album "a Dixie-fried, swamp-soaked version of NRBQ." OffBeat wrote that the band "has largely abandoned the hard rock, punkabilly and song parodies of recent years in favor of a triumphant return to their countrified pop roots."
The Los Angeles Times wrote: "With Paydirt, this notoriously rowdy and raucous trio counterbalances its own typical tendencies by tempering the raunch with brisk smart-pop offerings and even some serious, wistful and lovely jangle-rock numbers far more redolent of R.E.M.'s sober Athens, Ga., classicism than the whiskey-drenched roadhouse mayhem Dash has been bootlegging out of New Orleans for nearly 15 years." The Times-Picayune deemed the album "a collection of mostly mid-tempo, crisp guitar pop."

## Personnel

* Bill Davis - guitar, vocals
* Hoaky Hickel - bass
* Kyle Melancon - drums
# Sonnet cycle

A sonnet cycle or sonnet sequence is a group of sonnets, arranged to address a particular person or theme, and designed to be read both as a collection of fully realized individual poems and as a single poetic work comprising all the individual sonnets.
A sonnet cycle may have any theme, but unrequited love is the most common. The arrangement of the sonnets generally reflects thematic concerns, with chronological arrangements (whether linear, like a progression, or cyclical, like the seasons) being the most common. A sonnet cycle may also have allegorical or argumentative structures which replace or complement chronology.
While the thematic arrangement may reflect the unfolding of real or fictional events, the sonnet cycle is very rarely narrative; the narrative elements may be inferred, but provide background structure, and are never the primary concern of the poet's art.
Notable sonnet cycles have been written by France Prešeren, Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Pierre de Ronsard, Edmund Spenser, Rupert Brooke, Sir Philip Sidney, William Shakespeare, John Donne, Justus de Harduwijn, William Wordsworth, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Hans Irrigmann, Jacques Perk, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Edna St. Vincent Millay.

## List of sonnet cycles (sonnet sequences)

* William Shakespeare: Sonnets (first published 1609)
* Justus de Harduwijn: De Weerliicke Liefden Tot Roose-mond (1613)
* Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850)
* George Meredith: Modern Love (1862)
* Dante Gabriel Rossetti: House of Life (1881)
* Jacques Perk: Mathilde, een sonnettenkrans (1882)
* Edna St. Vincent Millay: Sonnets from an Ungrafted Tree (1923)
# Shetland (disambiguation)

Shetland is an archipelago in Scotland.
Shetland may also refer to:

## Animals

* Shetland animal breeds, including:
** Shetland cattle
** Shetland goose
** Shetland pony
** Shetland sheep
** Shetland Sheepdog

## Places

* Shetland, Ontario, Canada
* South Shetland Islands, a group of Antarctic islands

## Other uses

* Shetland Bus was the nickname of a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Shetland, Scotland and German-occupied Norway from 1941 until 1945
* Shetland dialect, known as simply "Shetland" by locals
* Shetland (Scottish Parliament constituency)
* Shetland (TV series), a crime television drama airing on BBC1, set in the Shetland Islands
* Short Shetland, a 1940s British flying boat
# Robert Spelman Robertson

Robert Spelman Robertson (December 11, 1870 – May 28, 1955) was a Canadian lawyer and judge. He was Chief Justice of Ontario from 1938 to 1952.

## Biography

Born in Goderich, Ontario, Robertson read law with Mr Justice J. T. Garrow and was called to the Ontario Bar in 1894. He entered private practice, first in Stratford, Ontario, until he was recruited by Fasken in Toronto in 1917. He was made a King's Counsel in 1921. He was a prominent civil litigator, and was one of William Lyon Mackenzie King's favourite litigators in constitutional cases.
He was elected a bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1930 and was Treasurer of the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1937 to 1938, when he was appointed Chief Justice. He retired in 1952 and died three years later.
# Burgess Field Nature Park

Burgess Field Nature Park (also known as Burgess Field) is a nature reserve next to Port Meadow, Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England, managed by Oxford City Council.

## Overview

The site is between Port Meadow to the west and the railway line to the east, just north of the Aristotle Lane entrance to Port Meadow and the Trap Ground Allotments. The reserve is on a reclaimed landfill site and is approximately 30 hectares (74 acres) in area. There are open grass areas, some woodland, and a path around the edge of the site, as well as some paths crossing the site. Wildlife includes birds such as cuckoo, short-eared owl and jack snipe.
The site was used for landfill until the 1980s and is thus higher than Port Meadow, which regularly floods. The area was landscaped, with trees and hedge planting in the 1990s. The name may derive from the burgesses who endowed Godstow Nunnery with land.

## John Thompson

The site includes a memorial stone to John Thompson (1941–2015), the city of Oxford's landscape architect, who inspired the nature reserve and planted over 10,000 trees in Oxford.

## Friends of Burgess Field

There is a Friends of Burgess Field organization, formed in 2018. Volunteers help to maintain the site.
# Theodosia Inlet

Theodosia Inlet is an inlet in the Desolation Sound region of the South Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, located east of Lancelot Inlet, a sub-inlet of Malaspina Inlet. The inlet is fed by the Theodosia River. The locality of Theodosia Arm is located near its outlet at the head of Thors Cove.
# Samuel Storey

Samuel Storey may refer to:
* Samuel Storey (Liberal politician) (1841–1925), British politician and newspaper proprietor, member of parliament for Sunderland
* Samuel Storey, Baron Buckton (1896–1978), his grandson, British Conservative politician, member of parliament for Sunderland, and for Stretford
# Taekwondo at the 2015 European Games – Women's 49 kg

Women's 49 kg competition at the Taekwondo at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, took place on 15 June at Crystal Hall complex.

## Schedule

All times are Azerbaijan Summer Time (UTC+5).
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 16 June 2015 | 09:00 | 1/8 finals |
| Tuesday, 16 June 2015 | 15:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Tuesday, 16 June 2015 | 17:00 | Semifinals |
| Tuesday, 16 June 2015 | 21:15 | Repechage |
| Tuesday, 16 June 2015 | 22:15 | Finals |

## Results

| 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Lucija Zaninović (CRO) | 14 | | | | | | |
| Terézia Pavková (SVK) | 2 | Lucija Zaninović (CRO) | 1 | | | | |
| Indra Craen (BEL) | 5 | Tijana Bogdanović (SRB) | 2 | | | | |
| Tijana Bogdanović (SRB) | 9 | | | Tijana Bogdanović (SRB) | 7 | | |
| Kyriaki Kouttouki (CYP) | 0 | | | Patimat Abakarova (AZE) | 6 | | |
| Ioanna Koutsou (GRE) | 3 | Ioanna Koutsou (GRE) | 2 | | | | |
| Alexandra Lychagina (RUS) | 1 | Patimat Abakarova (AZE) | 4 | | | | |
| Patimat Abakarova (AZE) | 7 | | | | | Tijana Bogdanović (SRB) | 9 |
| Brigitte Yagüe (ESP) | 2 | | | | | Charlie Maddock (GBR) | 10 |
| Erica Nicoli (ITA) | 3 | Erica Nicoli (ITA) | 3 | | | | |
| Charlie Maddock (GBR) | 8 | Charlie Maddock (GBR) | 17 | | | | |
| Iryna Romoldanova (UKR) | 7 | | | Charlie Maddock (GBR) | 4 | | |
| Rukiye Yıldırım (TUR) | 7 | | | Ivett Gonda (HUN) | 1 | | |
| Ivett Gonda (HUN) | 11 | Ivett Gonda (HUN) | 1 | | | | |
| Sarah Malykke (DEN) | 4 | Yasmina Aziez (FRA) | 0 | | | | |
| Yasmina Aziez (FRA) | 5 | | | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| Indra Craen (BEL) | 3 | Lucija Zaninović (CRO) | 9 |
| Lucija Zaninović (CRO) | 7 | Ivett Gonda (HUN) | 1 |
| Iryna Romoldanova (UKR) | 0 | Erica Nicoli (ITA) | 0 |
| Erica Nicoli (ITA) | 4 | Patimat Abakarova (AZE) | 13 |
# 88th Battalion (Victoria Fusiliers), CEF

The 88th (Victoria Fusiliers) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Victoria, British Columbia, the unit began recruiting in the autumn of 1915 in that city. After sailing to England in June 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 30th Reserve Battalion on 18 July 1916. The 88th Battalion had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel H.J. Rous Cullen. In 1929, the battalion was awarded the theatre of war honour "The Great War, 1916".