OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allan M. Siegal

Allan Marshall Siegal (May 1, 1940 – September 21, 2022) was an American newspaper editor and journalist who worked at The New York Times for 45 years. In 1987, he was named an assistant managing editor, and in 2003, he became the Times' first standards editor, charged with maintaining high standards of accuracy, fairness and ethical conduct.

## Early life

Siegal was born in the Bronx on May 1, 1940. His father, Irving, immigrated from Poland during his teenage years and managed a seltzer delivery company before becoming a landlord; his mother, Sylvia (Wrubel), was a housewife. Siegal attended Christopher Columbus High School in his home borough's Pelham Parkway neighborhood, where he served as editor of the school newspaper. He was then awarded a scholarship to study journalism at New York University.

## Career

While he was still in university, Siegal joined The New York Times in 1960 as a copy boy. He eventually worked his way up to becoming a copy editor. During the 1960s, he briefly worked at ABC News (under the aegis of Peter Jennings) in 1966 but soon returned to the Times. He also had a stint as a reporter, but realized he preferred editing, and successfully lobbied to return to an editing position. He first worked on the foreign desk and later as the head of the news desk. Siegal was part of the team that turned the Pentagon Papers into news. In 1986, he became an assistant managing editor. Siegal was the lead editor of the newspaper's investigation of Jayson Blair.
Siegal served as the in-house authority on language, style, taste, professional ethics and practical newspapering. He co-authored the New York Times' stylebook and its ethics manual along with designing the first computer system in the newsroom. His last post at the Times was as assistant managing editor and standards editor, a position that he was the inaugural holder of from its creation in 2003. His responsibilities in that capacity included maintaining the newspaper's ethics, accuracy, fairness, and accountability. He retired in 2006.

## Personal life

Siegal married Gretchen Leefmans in 1977. She worked as a freelance manuscript editor at the time, and they remained together until his death. Together, they had two children.
Siegal died on September 21, 2022, at his home in Manhattan. He was 82 and had suffered from heart issues.
# Murat Emir

Murat Emir (born 31 March 1969) is a Turkish ophthalmologist, jurist and politician from the Republican People's Party (CHP) who has served as the Member of Parliament for Ankara (II) since June 2015.
He is a member of the Constitutional Commission of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the CHP.
# Multicellular thunderstorm

A multicellular thunderstorm cluster is a thunderstorm that is composed of multiple convective cells, each being at a different stage in the life cycle of a thunderstorm. It appears as several anvils clustered together. A cell is an updraft/downdraft couplet. These different cells will dissipate as new cells form and continue the life of the multicellular thunderstorm cluster with each cell taking a turn as the dominant cell in the group.

## Description

The formation of multicellular thunderstorms imply that the updraft in the mother thunderstorm is offset from its downdraft. New cells usually form in the upwind (usually western or southwestern) part of the storm where the downdrafts of the mature cells meet the environmental wind, lifting air parcels and triggering new convection. The mature cells are thus usually in the center of the storm, and dissipating cells are usually in the downwind (usually eastern or northeastern) part of the storm.

### Characteristics

The multicellular cluster can last for hours while each individual cell should only last for about 20 to 60 minutes. These storms can sometimes be severe and sometimes have awkward paths due to the thunderstorm sometimes not following the path of the cells that compose it. The typical hodograph, plot of the wind versus altitude, associated with it shows a linear wind shear with altitude The moderate vertical wind shear leads to the development of a non-symmetric surface convergence associated with the thunderstorm outflow, with the strongest convergence taking place on the downwind side from the storm's motion. So while individual cells move along the windshear, the line moves at 30° of it, at 70% of the mean wind speed in the layer.
The Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is moderate to large, usually between 800 and 1,500 J/kg. The radar structure of this type of thunderstorm is characterized by overhangs of reflectivity in the southwestern part of the cluster.

## Threats

Any severe activity in one of these storms will most likely come from the dominant cell near or after its peak updraft strength. This is because there could be severe hail from a strong updraft that lasts only a short period of time, with damaging winds.
Rain is an important impact of such systems. The speed and direction at which the entire cluster of thunderstorms move downstream make the difference in the amount of rain received in any one location. Individual cells might move downstream but additional cells forming upwind of the cluster can move directly over the path of the previous cell, forming training echoes.
A multicellular storm can sometimes develop into a mesoscale convective system (MCS) or be a squall line. Updrafts reform new cells continually at the leading edge of system with rain and hail following behind. Individual thunderstorm updrafts and downdrafts along the line can become strong, producing large hail and strong outflow of straight-line winds ahead of system. Tornadoes are only occasionally reported. In certain conditions, squall line can extend on a very long line, moving extremely rapidly, and become a derecho.
# Murder in Tarsis

Murder in Tarsis is a fantasy novel by John Maddox Roberts, set in the world of the Dragonlance, and based on the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. It is the first novel published in the "Mysteries" series in 1996 which was tied to the Forgotten Realms series as it was a first time by TSR of publishing as a theme across multiple game-worlds. In 1999 it was re-published in the Dragonlance The Classics Series.

## Plot summary

Murder in Tarsis is a novel in which the mercenary Ironwood continues to suffer from the curse of a dragon he killed, becomes involved in solving a murder in the once great coastal city Tarsus that has been made landlocked and left to fall apart after a great catastrophe, and is surrounded by an army of nomads at its deteriorating walls.

## Reception

Gideon Kibblewhite reviewed Murder in Tarsis for Arcane magazine, rating it a 3 out of 10 overall. He commented that "This uninspired and ultimately dismissible Forgotten Realms mystery is all the more disappointing because, given better handling and writing, it could have been a memorable fantasy. It certainly possesses enough ingredients for a classic tale". He adds that "As one of the characters points out, Ironwood's story is worthy of an epic poem. Sadly, though, Murder in Tarsis is just a weak murder story that goes the way of many Forgotten Realms efforts, into the arena of cut-out characters, unconvincing scheming and cheesy endings. There may not be anything wrong with that, though - it's a formula that seems to sell well, and there is more than enough information here to create a place around which you can weave your own, hopefully better, webs." Kibblewhite concludes his review by saying, "One of the strongest images of the book is that of the city's decrepit old harbour, where hundreds of ships lie in perpetual dry-dock. Rotting and falling apart, they form a labyrinthine warren that is the home of many a strange creature. This should make a good location for an adventure, so it's a shame that this potentially wondrous place, in the end, fails to live up to its promise and doesn't seem wondrous at all."
# Murder in South Carolina law

Murder in South Carolina law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of South Carolina.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had the sixth highest murder rate in the country.

## Felony murder rule

In the state of South Carolina, the common law felony murder rule is treated as an automatic aggravator for underlying felonies. It is codified in SC Code § 16-3-20 but it is largely the creation of the state judiciary. There are six underlying predicate felonies, five of which are traditional predicate felonies such as kidnapping, larceny, robbery, burglary and rape, as well as one nontraditional predicate felony, drug trafficking. South Carolina is one of the few jurisdictions to require malice as an element for felony murder. The South Carolina Supreme Court recommended juries be permitted to infer the malice from some particular felonious purpose. Co-felons are held liable in South Carolina for "any homicide that is the 'probable or natural consequence of the acts which were done in pursuance of this common design.'"

## Penalties

| Offense | Mandatory sentencing |
| Involuntary manslaughter | Up to 5 years in prison |
| Voluntary manslaughter | 2 to 30 years in prison |
| Homicide by child abuse | 20 years to life in prison |
| Murder | Death or 30 years to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole |
# Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor

The alpha-2B adrenergic receptor (α$_{2B}$ adrenoceptor), is a G-protein coupled receptor. It is a subtype of the adrenergic receptor family. The human gene encoding this receptor has the symbol ADRA2B. ADRA2B orthologs have been identified in several mammals.

## Receptor

α$_2$-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: α$_{2A}$, α$_{2B}$, and α$_{2C}$. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system.

## Clinical significance

This gene encodes the α$_{2B}$ subtype, which was observed to associate with eIF-2B, a guanine nucleotide exchange protein that functions in regulation of translation. A polymorphic variant of the α$_{2B}$ subtype, which lacks 3 glutamic acids from a glutamic acid repeat element, was identified to have decreased G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated phosphorylation and desensitization; this polymorphic form is also associated with reduced basal metabolic rate in obese subjects and may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. This gene contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences.
A deletion variant of the α$_{2B}$ adrenergic receptor has been shown to be related to emotional memory in Europeans and Africans. This variant also predisposed people who had it to focus more on negative aspects of a situation. This predisposition remained present in people with the variant gene who took a single dose of the noradrenergic antidepressant reboxetine, but was weakened in people without the variant.

## Evolution

The ADRA2B gene (sometimes referenced as A2AB) is used in animals as a nuclear DNA phylogenetic marker. This intronless gene has first been used to explore the phylogeny of the major groups of mammals, and contributed to reveal that placental orders are distributed into four major clades: Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria, and Euarchontoglires. Comparative analysis of the primary protein sequence of ADRA2B across placentals also showed the high conservation of residues thought to be involved in agonist binding and in G protein–coupling. However, great variations are observed in the very long, third intracellular loop, with a polyglutamyl domain displaying pervasive length differences.

## Ligands
### Agonists

* (−)-Dibromophakellin

### Antagonists

* Imiloxan
* Yohimbine
# Alpha-2 blocker

Alpha-2 blockers (or α$_2$ blockers) are a subset of the alpha blocker class of drugs and are antagonists to the α$_2$ adrenergic receptor. They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.

## Uses

Yohimbine, historically used as an aphrodisiac, is sometimes used in veterinary medicine (although now largely replaced by atipamezole) for reversing the effects of α$_2$s such as medetomidine that are used as sedatives during surgery.
The tetracyclic antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine are α$_2$ blockers, although their efficacy as antidepressants may come from their activity at other receptor sites.
Mechanistically, α$_2$ blockers increase adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitters and induce insulin secretion, decreasing blood sugar levels.
Withdrawal from α$_2$ blockers can be difficult or dangerous as the global downregulation of neurotransmitters may cause symptoms of depression and other neurological problems, and increased blood sugar levels together with decreased insulin sensitivity can cause diabetes. Moreover, reduced microcirculation together with adrenaline supersensitivity in organs such as liver can occur.

## Examples

Examples include atipamezole, efaroxan, idazoxan, yohimbine, and rauwolscine, phentolamine.
# Muranów metro station

A-16 Muranów is a planned Warsaw Metro station in the Muranów neighbourhood (crossroads of Anielewicza and Andersa streets), 635 metres north of A-15 Ratusz Arsenał and 899 metres south of A-17 Dworzec Gdański.
The original plans for the construction were temporarily dropped in 1989 due to budget constraints. In September 2019, the Warsaw city council announced that the project would finally take place. A contractor was decided, having until 2026 to build the station.
# Murao people

Muraos are a community of agriculturists found in parts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. They are also known as Maurya. They form a part of a wider community called the Kushwaha, which includes Koeri and Kachhi castes. The All India Kushwaha Kshatriya Mahasabha is an organisation of these sub-castes, which also represents the interests of the Murao community. In Uttar Pradesh, a section of the community called Kunjra amongst Muslims, classified as an Other Backward Class, was formed due to conversion of Muraos to Islam. The Kunjra are also called Sabj Farosh and like Muraos, they grew vegetables. In recent times, the community produced educated individuals engaged in white collar jobs. The Kunjras are an urban based and landed community in Uttar Pradesh, a group among them, now called Kabaria has distinguished itself from the community by adopting the profession of dealing in scrap. However, vast majority of them are now involved in trade, business and are employed in service sector.
During 1919-1920, in the villages like Rure, Arkha and Rasulpur of Uttar Pradesh, large population of superior cultivating castes like Muraos and Kurmis resided. These castes had age old tradition of independence and caste solidarity and it was among them that the Kisan Sabha movement of early twentieth century took its initial roots. These cultivating castes followed the traditional method of Nai-Dhobi band (or disallowing the service of barber and washerman to non cooperators in their struggle against the landlords) and used their robust caste panchayats to give initial support to Kisan Sabha politics, which worked for solving peasant grievances against the landlords and also blended with Non-cooperation movement under Mahatma Gandhi.
# Allen Benson

Allen Wilbert Benson (March 28, 1905 – November 16, 1999), nicknamed "Bullet", was an American professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues in 1934. He would play for the Washington Senators.
Benson played for the bearded House of David baseball team before signing with the Senators. Given the rarity of facial hair among the era's baseball players, the Senators signed Benson largely as a publicity stunt to boost attendance. He became one of very few Major League players who wore facial hair between the deadball era and the 1970s. He struggled in two games and was sent to the minor league Albany Senators. He told reporters "I believe I could have made the grade with the Nats but for these danged whiskers."
# Almalıtala

40°39′57″N 45°40′59″E﻿ / ﻿40.66583°N 45.68306°E﻿ / 40.66583; 45.68306
Almalıtala (also, Almalytala) is a village in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Ağbaşlar.
# Almost Persuaded

Almost Persuaded may refer to:
* "Almost Persuaded," a gospel song written by Philip Paul Bliss
* "Almost Persuaded" (song), a 1966 song by David Houston
* Almost Persuaded (album), a 2017 album by Swing Out Sister
# Murphytown, West Virginia

Murphytown is an unincorporated community in Wood County, West Virginia, United States.
# Aloiampelos gracilis

Aloiampelos gracilis, formerly Aloe gracilis, the rocket aloe, is a succulent plant, endemic to dry thicket vegetation around the city of Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Its natural range lies just to the west of the related Aloiampelos ciliaris, and it occurs in bushy fynbos and dry thickets, and clustered on rocky outcrops at all altitudes. Its range extends westwards into the Baviaanskloof mountains.

## Description

Its thin stems grow tall and erect from its base on the ground, often reaching 2 m in length, and branching near the base. When it is not climbing on other vegetation or fences, the mass of semi-erect stems forms a shrubby bush. Its narrow, succulent leaves are dull-green with tiny, soft, white teeth along the margins, and it normally flowers from May, through to August.
It can easily be distinguished from other species in the genus by its long (45 mm), thin, bright red flowers which appear on multi-branched racemes.

## Distribution

Aloiampelos gracilis is naturally restricted to a relatively small area around the city of Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and extends westwards into the Baviaanskloof mountains. This region is a transition zone in the Cape Floral Kingdom, between the Fynbos vegetation of the Western Cape, and the Albany thickets of the Eastern Cape. Aloiampelos gracilis is adapted to this transitional fynbos, though due to its popularity as an ornamental garden plant it is now also grown in gardens around southern Africa.
Due to its natural vegetation being prone to seasonal fires, this plant has evolved the ability to re-sprout from its rootstock after being burnt.

## Relatives and subspecies

The rare and declining Langeberg rambling-aloe, Aloiampelos decumbens, which grows far to the west in the Langeberg mountains in the Western Cape, is sometimes described as being merely an isolated subspecies of Aloiampelos gracilis.
Aside from A. decumbens, this plant's closest relative is Aloiampelos striatula, a larger and more robust plant that occurs further inland in the Eastern Cape mountains. However Aloiampelos gracilis can easily be distinguished by its erect (rather than recurved) leaves, its sparse, multi-branched racemes of red flowers, and its relatively thinner stem.
Its species name "gracilis" means "slender", and refers to the plant's thin, graceful stems.
# Mundari Bani

Mundari Bani (Mundari: 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓨𞓚 Mundari Bani 'Mundari alphabet', also known as Mundari Bani Hisir Hisir 'writing', Nag Mundari 𞓨𞓕𞓦 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚, or the Mundari alphabet) is the writing system created for the Mundari language, spoken in eastern India. Mundari is an Austroasiatic language. Mundari Bani has 27 letters and five diacritics, the forms of which are intended to evoke natural shapes. The script is written from left to right.
Community elder and author Rohidas Singh Nag invented and published in late 1980 the alphabetic writing system Mundari Bani, which has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.

## History

Rohidas Singh Nag started designing the initial characters of Mundari bani in 1949 while in grade school, which he wrote on the walls using clay. By 1953 he had finished a set of 35 characters. He further simplified the alphabet in 1980 by reducing it to 27 alphabetical characters. In 2008 Bharat Munda Samaj, Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda and Nag reformed the script in styling and adding glyphs. Since then, fonts were developed using this standard.
Nag presented the alphabet in the 1980s to then-Chief Minister of Odisha Janaki Ballabh Patnaik and submitted a memorandum to recognize the Munda language constitutionally. Nag along with others submitted a memorandum to the then president of India in 1999 appealing again for the constitutional recognition. "Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda", a social organisation of the Munda community based in Poda Astia, Mayurbhanj has been demanding to incorporate the Munda language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, to air Munda language through All India Radio, and establish a Munda language department at North Odisha University for higher studies on the basis of the writing system and literature. The writing system has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.

## The script

Since the 2008 edits, Mundari Bani has 27 alphabetical characters, five diacritics, ten (decimal) digits. Their names follow traditional names. It uses Latin-script punctuation like period and comma.

## Sample text

The following text is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written in Mundari Bani (a suitable Unicode font may be required for proper viewing):
𞓝𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓗-𞓱: 𞓛𞓐𞓗𞓤𞓨 𞓞𞓐𞓪𞓐 𞓢𞓐𞓢𞓤𞓮 𞓧𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓣𞓔 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓐𞓢𞓝𞓚𞓓𞓕𞓣 𞓢𞓐𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓦 𞓑𞓕𞓚𞓝𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓝 𞓣𞓤 𞓖𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓧 𞓖𞓐𞓣𞓐𞓔𞓤𞓝𞓤 𞓕𞓡𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓡 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓚 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕. 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓦𞓢𞓤 𞓛𞓤𞓥𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓮𞓭 𞓑𞓤𞓪𞓤𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓭𞓟𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓙 𞓤𞓨𞓤𞓧𞓢𞓐 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓙 𞓒𞓐𞓙𞓝𞓤 𞓞𞓕𞓦𞓤𞓓𞓕 𞓗𞓐𞓓𞓕 𞓒𞓤𞓢𞓕 𞓖𞓕𞓦𞓕𞓣 𞓗𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓝𞓚𞓘𞓕𞓙.

## Unicode

The Mundari Bani alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2022 with the release of version 15.0. The Unicode block is called Nag Mundari (U+1E4D0–U+1E4FF):
Nag Mundari Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+1E4Dx | 𞓐 | 𞓑 | 𞓒 | 𞓓 | 𞓔 | 𞓕 | 𞓖 | 𞓗 | 𞓘 | 𞓙 | 𞓚 | 𞓛 | 𞓜 | 𞓝 | 𞓞 | 𞓟 |
| U+1E4Ex | 𞓠 | 𞓡 | 𞓢 | 𞓣 | 𞓤 | 𞓥 | 𞓦 | 𞓧 | 𞓨 | 𞓩 | 𞓪 | 𞓫 | 𞓬 | 𞓭 | 𞓮 | 𞓯 |
| U+1E4Fx | 𞓰 | 𞓱 | 𞓲 | 𞓳 | 𞓴 | 𞓵 | 𞓶 | 𞓷 | 𞓸 | 𞓹 | | | | | | |
| Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||
# Mundaria

Mundaria is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Mundaria analis (Saunders, 1867)
* Mundaria brooksi (Kerremans, 1912)
* Mundaria dessumi Descarpentries & Villiers, 1966
* Mundaria harmandi (Thery, 1941)
* Mundaria postfasciata Obenberger, 1922
* Mundaria typica Kerremans, 1894