OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Materion

Materion Corp. is a multinational company specializing in high-performance engineered materials. Among their products are precious and non-precious metals, inorganic chemicals, specialty coatings, beryllium, specialty engineered beryllium, beryllium copper alloys, ceramics, and engineered clad and plated metal systems.
The company's engineered materials are used in the telecommunications, consumer electronics, automotive medical, industrial components, aerospace, defense, and optical coating industries.

## History

Beginning in the 1940s, Brush Wellman Inc. produced large amounts of beryllium for the United States government.
Brush Engineered Materials Inc. changed its name to Materion Corporation on March 8, 2011, and now trades under the symbol MTRN.
In March, 2017 Jugal K. Vijayvargiya was appointed president and chief executive officer of Materion Corporation, replacing Richard J. Hipple, who had served in that position for 11 years. Vijayvargiya was also named a director of the corporation. A graduate of the Ohio State University, Vijayvargiya spent 26 years at Delphi Corporation in a variety of management positions. Hipple will become executive chairman.
# Arthémon Hatungimana

Arthémon Hatungimana (born January 21, 1974) is a former middle-distance runner from Burundi. In 1995, he won a silver medal in 800 metres at the World Championships in Athletics.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Burundi ||||||
| 1992 | World Junior Championships | Seoul, South Korea | 9th (sf) | 400 m | 46.78 |
| 1993 | African Championships | Durban, South Africa | 3rd | 800 m | 1:46.42 |
| 1994 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Bondoufle, France | 4th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.56$^1$ |
| 1995 | World Indoor Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 10th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.17 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 2nd | 800 m | 1:45.64 |
| 1995 | All-Africa Games | Harare, Zimbabwe | 1st | 800 m | 1:47.42 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 7th (sf) | 800 m | 1:44.92 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 19th (qf) | 800 m | 1:46.64 |
| 1997 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Antananarivo, Madagascar | 1st | 800 m | 1:46.83 |
| 1998 | African Championships | Dakar, Senegal | 6th | 800 m | 1:47.63 |
| 1999 | World Indoor Championships | Maebashi, Japan | 8th (sf) | 800 m | 1:48.17 |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 25th (h) | 800 m | 1:47.08 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 36th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.14 |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 5th (sf) | 800 m | 1:45.21 |
| 2002 | African Championships | Radès, Tunisia | 7th | 800 m | 1:51.27 |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 26th (h) | 800 m | 1:46.35 |
| 2003 | All-Africa Games | Abuja, Nigeria | 18th (h) | 800 m | 1:53.16 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 23rd (h) | 800 m | 1:46.35 |
$^1$Did not start in the final

## Personal bests

* 400 metres - 46.78 (1992)
* 800 metres - 1:43.38 (2001)
* 1000 metres - 2:15.48 (1995)
# Milford Junction, Indiana

Milford Junction is an unincorporated community in Van Buren Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Milford Junction is a railroad junction outside Milford, Indiana, hence the name.
# 1950 Senior Bowl

The 1950 Senior Bowl was a college football exhibition game featuring players from the 1949 college football season and prospects in the 1950 NFL draft. The inaugural edition of the Senior Bowl was played on January 7, 1950, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The teams were coached by personnel from the National Football League (NFL); Bo McMillin of the Detroit Lions for the North, and Steve Owen of the New York Giants for the South. The game was broadcast on the Mutual Radio Network. After the North took an early 13–0 lead, the South came from behind for a 22–13 victory. South quarterback Travis Tidwell of Auburn completed 13 of 19 passes for 246 yards and was named game MVP.
The day after the game, it was announced that eight players from the Southwestern Conference (SWC) who had participated in the game would lose their scholarships; although each had completed their college sports career, they had not yet completed their college studies. The SWC schools ended the players' scholarships because they had accepted payment for appearing in the Senior Bowl, with each of the 26 players on the winning team receiving $475 and each of the 24 players on the losing team receiving $343, coming from 60 percent of the ticket sales. While the players accepted payment knowing that their scholarships could be ended, Senior Bowl organizer Jimmy Pearre pointed out that the colleges "have made millions off these players". The players and their college teams were:
* Arkansas: Theron Roberts
* Baylor: J. D. Ison, Rupert Wright
* SMU: Jack Halliday, Dick McKissack, Doak Walker
* Texas: Ray Borneman, Paul Campbell
This would prove to be the only edition of the Senior Bowl played in Jacksonville, as the game moved to Mobile, Alabama, in 1951 and has remained there since. In 1994, Gator Bowl Stadium was closed and demolished; it was replaced with Jacksonville Municipal Stadium, now known as TIAA Bank Field.

## Game summary

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| North | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| South | 0 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 22 |
at Gator Bowl Stadium • Jacksonville, Florida
* Date: Saturday, January 7, 1950
* Game time: 2:30 p.m. EST
* Game attendance: 20,000
* Referee: Thomas G. "Shaky" Kain
* Source:
# Post- och Inrikes Tidningar

Post- och Inrikes Tidningar or PoIT (Swedish for "Post and Domestic Times") is the government newspaper and gazette of Sweden, and the country's official notification medium for announcements like bankruptcy declarations or auctions. The newspaper also carries advertising, the largest advertiser being the Swedish Patent and Registration Office.
It is the oldest currently published newspaper in the world, although as of the 1 January 2007 edition, it has switched over to an internet-only format. Four copies of each update to PoIT are still printed and archived at the National Library of Sweden, Lund University library and the Swedish Companies Registration Office.

## History and profile

The newspaper was founded as the Ordinari Post Tijdender (meaning "Regular Mail Times" in English) in 1645 by Queen Christina and Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna. The paper was published weekly during early years. Nine years earlier, the royal postal agency (Kungliga Postverket) had been established and now all postmasters in the country were required to submit reports of information they heard, and the newspaper was then distributed to public notice boards throughout the country. In 1791, Gustav III designated the Swedish Academy to distribute and publish the newspaper, a practice that continues today. In 1821 it merged with the Inrikes Tidningar ("Domestic Times") to form the Post- och Inrikes Tidningar.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was the leading news source in the country, but by 1922, under competition from commercial papers, it had been reduced to publishing government, corporate, and legal announcements.
As of 2000, Post- och Inrikes Tidningar is published online at PointLex, and all editions from 1771 to 1860 are available at Project Tiden. The current director of the publication is Horace Engdahl, previously the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy.
# Wydrzyn

Wydrzyn may refer to the following places:
* Wydrzyn, Łask County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Wydrzyn, Wieluń County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Wydrzyn, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Wydrzyn, Choszczno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Shuikou, Chongzuo

Shuikou is a town in Longzhou County, Chongzuo, Guangxi, China. It is a border town of Tà Lùng in Vietnam. Due to its location on the border crossing to Vietnam and its educational and medical infrastructure, Shuikou is of regional importance.
Shuikou mainly produces sugar cane, rice, corn, beans and fruits such as jackfruit. Shuikou's main industries are in the food and medicine industries. There are several monuments that commemorate the events surrounding the Sino-French War of 1885.

## Border crossing

Shuikou border crossing is a national first-class trade port.
In 1792 the border crossing officially opened. In 1889, an customs office was set up to facilitate trading. Through the 1950s, significant amounts of aid was sent through Shuikou to support North Vietnam in the war. In 1978, over 30,000 ethnic Chinese fled from Vietnam to China through the town, as tensions built up between the countries. Between 1979 and 1993 the crossing was closed due to hostile China–Vietnam relations. Nowadays it is one of the three major border crossings between Guangxi province and Vietnam. A new, larger cross-border bridge is under construction.
Notably 90% of China's cashew nut trade passes through this border crossing.

## Transport

* China National Highway 219
* China National Highway 358
* Guangxi Provincial Expressway S62 (Chongzuo-Shuikou Expressway)
# Târgu

Târgu (Romanian for "the market") starts off the names of several places in Romania:
* Târgu Bujor
* Târgu Cărbunești
* Târgu Frumos
* Târgu Gânguleşti
* Târgu Jiu
* Târgu Lăpuș
* Târgu Logreşti
* Târgu Mureș
* Târgu Neamț
* Târgu Ocna
* Târgu Secuiesc
* Târgu Trotuș
# Villalcázar de Sirga

Villalcázar de Sirga is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 216 inhabitants.
On the Camino Francés in medieval times the church of the Virgin of Villasirga was an important point on the route to Santiago de Compostela. Infante Philip of Castile and his second wife, Inés Rodríguez Girón, are buried in the church.
# Mike Hunter (footballer)

Michael Hunter (born 27 May 1948) is an English former footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Darlington and in the League of Ireland for Sligo Rovers. He was on the books of Blackpool without representing them in the League. Hunter joined Sligo Rovers in August 1968, and played for them until at least 1970.
# 1943 in Mandatory Palestine

Events in the year 1943 in the British Mandate of Palestine.

## Incumbents

* High Commissioner – Sir Harold MacMichael
* Emir of Transjordan – Abdullah I bin al-Hussein
* Prime Minister of Transjordan – Tawfik Abu al-Huda

## Events

* 18 February – World War II : The Polish Anders Army arrive in Palestine, where many Polish Jews, including Menachem Begin, desert to work on establishing a Jewish state in Palestine. This becomes known as the 'Anders Aliyah'.
* 12 May – The founding of the kibbutz Gvulot.
* 1 – 20 November Lehi members flee from the Latrun Detention Camp through a 70 meter long tunnel.
* December – The founding of the kibbutz Yad Mordechai.

## Notable births

* 2 January – Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television host and newsreader (died 2017)
* 1 March – Benny Begin, Israeli geologist and politician
* 9 April – Uri Gil, Israeli Air Force officer
* 30 April – Ze'ev Boim, Israeli politician and Knesset member (died 2011)
* 30 April – Nechemya Cohen, Israeli army officer, the most decorated soldier in the history of the IDF (died 1967)
* 7 May – Herzl Bodinger, Israeli Air Force commander
* 18 May – Gershon Shefa, Israeli Olympic swimmer
* 19 May – Yosef Ahimeir, Israeli politician and journalist
* 2 June – Mordechai Shmuel Ashkenazi, Israeli rabbi, chief rabbi of Kfar Chabad (died 2015)
* 8 June – Uri Davis, Israeli academic and anti-Zionist political activist
* 12 June – Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi, Israeli psychology professor
* 2 August – Uzi Landau, Israeli politician
* 5 August – Uri Sagi, Israeli general
* 18 September – Issak Tavior, Israeli pianist, composer, and conductor
* 25 September – Yoav Gelber, Israeli historian
* 7 October – Yoram Globus, Israeli film producer and cinema owner
* 26 October – Ron Ben-Yishai, Israeli journalist
* 8 November – Boaz Davidson, Israeli film director, producer, and screenwriter
* 22 November – Naomi Blumenthal, Israeli politician
* 12 December – Hanan Porat, former Israeli politician (died 2011)
* 18 December – Hanoch Levin, Israeli playwright, theater director, author and poet (died 1999)
* Full date unknown
** Yekutiel Gershoni, Israeli historian and paralympic champion
** Dina Porat, Israeli historian
** Tanya Reinhart, Israeli linguist and peace activist (died 2007)
** Mubarak Awad, Palestinian Arab, Arab-American psychologist and political activist

## Notable deaths

* 1 January – Arthur Ruppin (born 1876), German-born Zionist Palestinian Jewish leader
* 14 October – Shaul Tchernichovsky (born 1875), Russian-born Palestinian Jewish Hebrew poet
# Post Tel Club

Post Tel Club is a football club in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It plays in the Division A1, the second division of Cambodian football. The club played in the top level Cambodian League in 2008 and 2009 then was relegated.
# Aschentalshalbe

The Aschentalshalbe is a ridge in the Harz Mountains of Germany that is up to 685 m above sea level (NN). It lies south of the village of Sieber in the unincorporated area of Harz in the district of Göttingen in the state of Lower Saxony.

## Name

The Aschentalshalbe was named after the Aschental ("Aschen valley"), a southern branch of the Tiefenbeekstal ("Tiefenbeek valley"), through which the Tiefenbeek flows.

## Geography
### Location

The Aschentalshalbe lies in the Upper Harz within the Harz Nature Park about 2 km southeast of Sieber, a village northeast of Herzberg am Harz. It rises between the Gropenbornskopf to the north, the Koboltstaler Köpfe to the northeast with their outlier, the Gödeckenkopf, to the east, the Schadenbeeksköpfe to the southeast, the Übelsberg to the south, the Großer Knollen to the south-southwest, the Pagelsburg to the southwest, the Adlersberg to the west and the Breitentalskopf to the northwest.

### Watershed

The watershed between the Sieber to the north and west and the Oder to the east and south runs over the Aschentalshalbe. Whilst the Tiefenbeek that rises north of the mountain flows northwest into the Sieber, the Grade Lutter that rises on its southern uplands is the right headstream of the Lutter that flows southwards into the Oder.

## Summits and survey points

The Aschentalshalbe has several summits:
* The western summit (Westkuppe), also called Hohes Feld is 667 m metres high. There is a view of the Sieber from the top.
* The two main summits, which are roughly in the centre of the ridge, are the highest points at about 685 m above sea level
* The east-northeast summit is about 640 m metres high. Just to the southeast is a trig point on the map (627.0 m). From there and the refuge hut, a little to the east, the view drops away to the south.

## Walking

Harz Club trail no. 15 G runs over the Aschentalshalbe from which several footpaths lead to the neighbouring summits. There is a refuge hut with the Schadenbeeksköpfe checkpoint of the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network near the eastern summit of the Aschentalshalbe. The hut is around 1.25 km east-northeast of the mountain and about 1 km north of the northwestern summit of the nearby Schadenbeeksköpfe.

## Sources

* Topographic map 1:25,000 series, No. 4328, Bad Lauterberg im Harz
# XAdES

XAdES (short for XML Advanced Electronic Signatures) is a set of extensions to XML-DSig recommendation making it suitable for advanced electronic signatures. W3C and ETSI maintain and update XAdES together.

## Description

While XML-DSig is a general framework for digitally signing documents, XAdES specifies precise profiles of XML-DSig making it compliant with the European eIDAS regulation (Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market). The eIDAS regulation enhances and repeals the Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC. EIDAS is legally binding in all EU member states since July 2014. An electronic signature that has been created in compliance with eIDAS has the same legal value as a handwritten signature.
An electronic signature, technically implemented based on XAdES has the status of an advanced electronic signature. This means that
* it is uniquely linked to the signatory;
* it is capable of identifying the signatory;
* only the signatory has control of the data used for the signature creation;
* it can be identified if data attached to the signature has been changed after signing.
A resulting property of XAdES is that electronically signed documents can remain valid for long periods, even if underlying cryptographic algorithms are broken.
However, courts are not obliged to accept XAdES-based electronic signatures as evidence in their proceedings; at least in EU, this is compulsory only for "qualified" signatures. A "qualified electronic signature" needs to be doted with a digital certificate, encrypted by a security signature creation device, and the identity of the owner of this signing-certificate must have been verified according to the "high" assurance level of the eIDAS regulation.

## Profiles

XAdES defines four profiles (forms) differing in protection level offered.
* XAdES-B-B (Basic Electronic Signature), The lowest and simplest version just containing the SignedInfo, SignatureValue, KeyInfo and SignedProperties. This form extends the definition of an electronic signature to conform to the identified signature policy.
* XAdES-B-T (Signature with a timestamp), A timestamp regarding the time of signing is added to protect against repudiation.
* XAdES-B-LT (Signature with Long Term Data), Certificates and revocation data are embedded to allow verification in the future even if their original source is not available.
* XAdES-B-LTA (Signature with Long Term Data and Archive timestamp), By using periodical timestamping (e.g. each year) compromising is prevented which could be caused by weakening previous signatures during a long-time storage period.
In February 2016, ETSI publishes the document ETSI EN 319 132-1 V1.1.0 as final draft for a European Standard. In this draft, the profiles have been omitted.
# Nisar Ahmed Faruqi

Nisar Ahmed Faruqi (29 June 1934 – 28 November 2004) was an Indian scholar and authority on Sufism in South Asia, with over 50 works and 700 articles to his credit.

## Early life

Professor Nisar Ahmed Faruqi was born at Amroha in Uttar Pradesh, the son of Tasleem Ahmed Faruqi and Maimoona Khatoon. He was the eldest of three siblings. His family traces its lineage to the second caliph of Islam, Umar, through 41 links and to Baba Farid through 22 links.

## Education

He received his early education in Oriental languages and Islamic studies at home from his maternal grandfather and uncle. He later moved to Hyderabad and came back to Delhi after some months, then studied Urdu at Jamia Urdu, Aligarh. Later, he did his Masters in Arabic and a PhD on early Muslim historiography at the University of Delhi.
He then joined the university as a reader in modern Arabic and later became the Head of Department of Arabic. He retired from service in 2002. Faruqi received many awards during his lifetime and was acclaimed for his unique and deep knowledge of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hindi, English and Punjabi.
He received the President's Certificate of Honour from the late President of India Zail Singh in 1983.

## Employment

He was a lecturer at the University of Delhi 1964—1966 And then a lecturer in Arabic at Delhi College 1966—1977. He was a reader in Modern Arabic at University of Delhi 1977—1985 and became Professor and Head of Arabic Department, University of Delhi, 1985—2001.

## Achievements and awards

* Alami Farogh-e-Urdu Adab Award 2004, Doha (Qatar)
* Delhi Urdu Academy Award for Research (1982)
* Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Award by Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy (1995)
* Qazi Abdul Wudood Award for Research by Bihar Urdu Academy
* Nuqoosh Award for Research (1987) Pakistan
* Maikash Akbarabadi Award, Agra
* Iftikhar-e-Mir Award, Mir Academy, Lucknow

## Family

Nisar Ahmed Faruqi had four children: two sons, Najmul Hadi and Nazrul Hadi, and two daughters Shumaysa and Basima. Nisar Ahmed Faruqi died on 28 November 2004 after a brief illness at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. He is buried at his ancestral graveyard at Amroha Uttar Pradesh (India). His wife died on 6 June 2008 in Dehradun, Uttar Pradesh (India).

## Social work

Professor Nisar Ahmed Faruqi established two Urdu calligraphy training centers for boys and girls at Amroha sponsored by the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, followed by a computer training center and a graphic design training center.
# Villalengua

Villalengua is a municipality located in the Zaragoza Province, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 395 inhabitants.
# Milena Duchková

Milena Duchková (born 25 April 1952) is a Czech diver. She competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where she received a gold medal in Platform Diving. She received a silver medal in 1972.

## Personal life

In late 1980, Duchková applied for permanent Canadian residency, along with her husband Petr Neveklovsky, then 33 years old and 22-month-old daughter Misa. Although her husband could only speak very little English, he was a highly regarded volleyball coach. Outside of diving, Duchková was also registered as a doctor, dentist and an oral surgeon, with hopes to open her own practice in Newfoundland following acceptance of their residency application. The family were concerned about raising their daughter in Czechoslovakia, according to her diving coach Don Webb, who had arranged for her one-year visa in Canada.

## Awards

She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1983.
# 1943 in India

Events in the year 1943 in India.

## Incumbents

* Emperor of India – George VI
* Viceroy of India – Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
* Viceroy of India – The Viscount Wavell (from 1 October)

## Events

* National income - ₹69,247 million
* Bengal famine of 1943
* 3 February - Howrah Bridge in Calcutta commissioned.
* 10 February – 3 March – Mohandas Gandhi maintains a hunger strike to protest his imprisonment.
* 21 October - Subhas Chandra Bose established Azad Hind at Singapore.
* October - 1943 Madras floods.
* 5 December – The Japanese attack the Port of Kolkata
* 30 December – Subhas Chandra Bose sets up a Pro-Japanese Indian government at Port Blair by hoisting national flag.

## Law

* Reciprocity Act
* War Injuries (Compensation Insurance) Act

## Births
### January to June

* 1 January – Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, scientist.
* 8 February – Pirzada Qasim, Pakistani poet and academic
* 30 March – J. J. Rawal, astrophysicist and scientific educator.
* 25 April — Devika, actress (d. 2002).
* 17 May – Mangala Narlikar, mathematician (d. 2023)
* 29 May – Enamul Haque, Bangladeshi actor (d. 2021)
* 2 June – Ilaiyaraaja, film composer, singer and lyricist.
* 7 June - Rayapati Sambasiva Rao, politician and member of parliament from Narasaraopet.

### July to December

* 13 July – E. Harikumar, novelist and short story writer. (died 2020)
* 29 July – Manas Bihari Verma, aeronautical scientist. (died 2021)
* 11 August – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan. (died 2023)
* 29 August – Vijayakumar, actor.
* 6 September – P. A. Ibrahim Haji, entrepreneur and philanthropist. (died 2021)
* 23 September – Tanuja, actress of Bollywood films & younger sister of Nutan.
* 21 October – Tariq Ali, Pakistani-British political activist and writer.
* 31 October – G. Madhavan Nair, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation.
* 11 November – Anil Kakodkar, nuclear scientist.

## Deaths

* 15 June – Kushal Konwar, Indian National Congress President of Golaghat, First martyr of Quit India Movement
# Post Swiss Team

Post Swiss Team (UCI team code: POS) was a Swiss cycling team that existed from 1996 to 2001. The team was known as PMU Romand–Bepsa in 1996.