OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleurozia purpurea

Pleurozia purpurea is a species of thalloid liverwort, notable for its red to purple colour. Common names of the species include purple-worm liverwort and purple spoonwort.

## Geographic distribution

Pleurozia purpurea grows in bog environments found worldwide. The locations this species has been found in includes the following: "western Scotland and western Ireland, Norway, Faroes, Jan Meyen Island, Himalayas, Alaska, Guadeloupe, Hawaii".

## Habitat

Pleurozia purpurea often grows on the edges of bogs, fens and pools. However, it can also be found growing on lawns and other water saturated regions at high elevations, such as a "blanket bog, wet heath, montane turf, scree and peat-covered rock ledges". This species will grow in a matted form across the aforementioned water surfaces.

## Morphology

In general, this thalloid liverwort is composed of worm like thallus, that often form a creeping mat; these mats can be branched or unbranched. Evident by its name, P. purpurea is often red, dark red-green or purple in colour.
Although P. purpurea is a thalloid liverwort, it contains egg shaped, large, concave leaves. The sac shape of the upper leaves help it to collect water. This feature is unique to liverworts in this genus (Pleurozia). The leaves are arranged in four rows; there are two rows of large leaves on the top side of the plant and two rows on the lower side. Like in other liverworts, oil bodies and trigones are visible in its leaves.

## Ecology

Recent studies into Pleurozia purpurea have revealed that they participate in zoophagy. The sac shaped leaves of this species allows it easily collect and store water. However, it was found that P. purpurea also trapped Blepharisma americana, which is a protozoan species. Additionally, investigations found that this protozoan was attracted to the plant, who regularly (and purposefully) trapped small animals.
# Arc of the Testimony

Arc of the Testimony is the second and final album by the American jazz fusion band Arcana. It was released on bassist Bill Laswell's Axiom label on October 14, 1997. Unlike the trio configuration on the first album, this project features a spacier, slightly less abstract form of fusion music. Bill Laswell and drummer Tony Williams composed and developed the music, and co-produced the album together.
Laswell invited a number of musicians to contribute, including legendary tenor saxophonist Pharoah Sanders. Other contributors included alto saxophonist Byard Lancaster, and electric guitarists Nicky Skopelitis and Buckethead. Tony Williams died suddenly on February 23, 1997, while this album was still in production, and thus it represents his last recorded work. Laswell's M.O.D. Reloaded label re-released this album in 2021 with a new track entitled "Black Money".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In a review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "Arc of the Testimony is a freewheeling, unpredictable blend of electronic and acoustic sounds... it finds a common ground between improvisation and post-production studio trickery. All of the musicians... are open-minded and help push the music forward, resulting in a thoroughly involving, challenging listen."
The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings stated: "As a memorial to Williams, this probably isn't as typical as some of the last albums with acoustic groups, but it serves as a forceful reminder of the immense power he was holding in check even when he was playing straight fours and quiet ballad figures."

## Track listing

All music is composed by Bill Laswell and Tony Williams

## Personnel

Musicians
* Bill Laswell – bass guitar, synthesizer
* Tony Williams – drums
* Pharoah Sanders – tenor saxophone
* Nicky Skopelitis – guitar, oud
* Byard Lancaster – alto saxophone on "Gone Tomorrow", "Into the Circle", "Calling Out the Blue Light"
* Graham Haynes – cornet on "Gone Tomorrow" and "Into the Circle"
* Buckethead – guitar on "Illuminator", "Into the Circle", "Returning", "Circles of Hell" and "The Earth Below"
Production
* Bill Laswell – production
* Tony Williams – production
* Robert Musso – engineer
* Michael Fossenkemper – engineer (mastering)
* Oz Fritz – assistant engineer
* Russell Mills – artwork
* Michael Webster – design
# Perayam

Perayam may refer to:
* Perayam, Kollam, village in Kollam district, near Kundara, Kerala, India. NSS Arts & Science College situated at Perayam. The NH183 passes through Perayam area.
* Perayam, Thiruvananthapuram, village in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India
# Brian McMullan

Brian James McMullan was the mayor of St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada from 2006 to 2014. He was elected to the position in the 2006 St. Catharines municipal election. He was previously a St. Catharines city councillor and a Niagara regional councillor.

## Early life and career

McMullan was born in Hamilton and raised in the Niagara region. He has a degree from Brock University, and is the vice-president of Hanna Paper Recycling. He is a former chairman of the Recycling Council of Ontario, and worked to establish Ontario's blue box recycling program.

## Political career

McMullan served on St. Catharines City Council from 1988 to 1997, representing the Grantham ward. He was elected to the Niagara Regional Council in 2000. During that time, McMullan co-chaired the region's Smart Growth Smarter Niagara Steering Committee.
His bid for re-election in 2003 failed, but he was elected mayor of St. Catharines by a significant margin in 2006.
During the 2006 campaign, McMullan pledged to eliminate automatic property tax raises based on increased property assessments and to implement a "zero-based budget" with mandatory reviews for all city expenditures. He also opposed the existing plans for tower development at Port Dalhousie.
On November 29, 2009, McMullan announced his intention to seek re-election in 2010. He was re-elected in October 2010.
On April 1, 2014, McMullan announced that he would not be seeking re-election in the October 27 municipal election.
# Avon School

Avon School may refer to:
* Avon School, a primary school in Stratford, New Zealand
* Avon High School (disambiguation)
# Ad-Duruʽ

Ad-Duruʽ is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Mater Hospital Pimlico

The Mater Private Hospital, Pimlico, formerly known as the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, and commonly known as 'The Mater', is the largest private hospital in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is located in the central inner suburb of Pimlico. The hospital provides specialist care in most medical and surgical fields. It is a component of Mater Health Services North Queensland Limited.
# Plethystic substitution

Plethystic substitution is a shorthand notation for a common kind of substitution in the algebra of symmetric functions and that of symmetric polynomials. It is essentially basic substitution of variables, but allows for a change in the number of variables used.

## Definition

The formal definition of plethystic substitution relies on the fact that the ring of symmetric functions $\Lambda _{R}(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots )$ is generated as an R-algebra by the power sum symmetric functions
    $p_{k}=x_{1}^{k}+x_{2}^{k}+x_{3}^{k}+\cdots .$
For any symmetric function $f$ and any formal sum of monomials $A=a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots$, the plethystic substitution f[A] is the formal series obtained by making the substitutions
    $p_{k}\longrightarrow a_{1}^{k}+a_{2}^{k}+a_{3}^{k}+\cdots$
in the decomposition of $f$ as a polynomial in the p$_k$'s.

## Examples

If $X$ denotes the formal sum $X=x_{1}+x_{2}+\cdots$, then $f[X]=f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots )$.
One can write $1/(1-t)$ to denote the formal sum $1+t+t^{2}+t^{3}+\cdots$, and so the plethystic substitution $f[1/(1-t)]$ is simply the result of setting $x_{i}=t^{i-1}$ for each i. That is,
    $f\left[{\frac {1}{1-t}}\right]=f(1,t,t^{2},t^{3},\ldots )$.
Plethystic substitution can also be used to change the number of variables: if $X=x_{1}+x_{2}+\cdots ,x_{n}$, then $f[X]=f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})$ is the corresponding symmetric function in the ring $\Lambda _{R}(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})$ of symmetric functions in n variables.
Several other common substitutions are listed below. In all of the following examples, $X=x_{1}+x_{2}+\cdots$ and $Y=y_{1}+y_{2}+\cdots$ are formal sums.
* If $f$ is a homogeneous symmetric function of degree $d$, then
    $f[tX]=t^{d}f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots )$
* If $f$ is a homogeneous symmetric function of degree $d$, then
    $f[-X]=(-1)^{d}\omega f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots )$,
    where $\omega$ is the well-known involution on symmetric functions that sends a Schur function $s_{\lambda }$ to the conjugate Schur function $s_{\lambda ^{\ast }}$.
* The substitution $S:f\mapsto f[-X]$ is the antipode for the Hopf algebra structure on the Ring of symmetric functions.
* $p_{n}[X+Y]=p_{n}[X]+p_{n}[Y]$
* The map $\Delta :f\mapsto f[X+Y]$ is the coproduct for the Hopf algebra structure on the ring of symmetric functions.
* $h_{n}\left[X(1-t)\right]$ is the alternating Frobenius series for the exterior algebra of the defining representation of the symmetric group, where $h_{n}$ denotes the complete homogeneous symmetric function of degree $n$.
* $h_{n}\left[X/(1-t)\right]$ is the Frobenius series for the symmetric algebra of the defining representation of the symmetric group.
# Arc of San Lorenzo

The Arc of San Lorenzo (Spanish: Arco de San Lorenzo) in Jaén, Spain is at the crossroads of the streets Almendros Aguilar and Madre de Dios ('Mother of God'). It is part of the former Church of San Lorenzo, built between the 13th and 14th centuries. Its interior houses Moorish tilework and paneling, as well as a small chapel. It is also home to an association called Amigos de San Antón ('Friends of Saint Anthony'). It was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural in 1877.

## History

It is said to be the place where the wake for Fernando IV "The Summoned", who died in Jaen on 17 September 1312, was held. For this reason, throughout the centuries prayers for the dead have been held in the arch during funerals for the city's bishops.
Maximiliano of Austria, the uncle of Carlos I, was baptized here on July 6, 1555.
Juan de Olid, the secretary of the Constable Miguel Lucas de Iranzo is buried in the arch. The small chapel served as the head of the Hospital de la Madre de Dios ('Mother of God Hospital'), founded in a nearby home in 1491 by Don Luis de Torres, the son of Constable Iranzo. It was also the first chapel of the Seminario Conciliar de Jaén ('Jaén Theological Seminary'), founded in 1620.
In 1825 the church of San Lorenzo collapsed due to neglect, leaving only the arch standing. The parish and its archives were moved to the Church of Saint Bartholomew (Spanish: la iglesia de San Bartolomé), and its artistic treasures were divided between the Church of Saint Bartholomew and the Church of La Merced.
It was declared a national monument in 1877 thanks to the work of a group of Jaén residents who obstructed a campaign for its complete demolition.
In 1969 the Dirección General de Bellas Artes began a restoration, which was headed by an architect from Jaen named Luis Berges Roldán.

## The old church

The church at 2-4 San Lorenzo Street has a single nave. It was noted for its objets d'art, including an All Souls Altarpiece, a panel of Saint Dominic and Saint Bartholomew of La Cuesta, and a painting on linen of Cristo de las Injurias, all housed in the nearby Church of La Merced.

## The chapel

The chapel is covered by brick vaulting in the center of which hangs a votive lamp from a plaster pendant. The entire wall of the chapel is covered by a Moorish tiled plinth. On the altar there is a lowered arch niche housing a crucifix on a red damask background. This niche is decorated with Moorish plasterwork that festoons the tile panels. On the two sides of the entrance an inscription in Gothic lettering reads: "This Chapel of Jesus of Nazareth is ... from the Mother of God Hospital" (Spanish: Esta capilla de Jesús Nazareno es ... del Hospital de la Madre de Dios).
# Pentastemona

Pentastemona is a genus in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1982. In 1992, Duyfjes placed the genus in its own family, the Pentastemonaceae, but this is not widely accepted.
The entire genus is endemic to the Island of Sumatra in Indonesia.

## Species

* Pentastemona egregia (Schott) Steenis
* Pentastemona sumatrana Steenis
# Brian McNaught

Brian McNaught (born January 28, 1948) is a corporate diversity and sensitivity coach and author who specializes in LGBT issues in the workplace.

## Early life and education

A conscientious objector to the war in Vietnam, McNaught did his alternative service at The Michigan Catholic, weekly newspaper of the Archdiocese of Detroit, where he worked as a writer and columnist from 1970 to 1974. In 1974, McNaught founded the Detroit chapter of Dignity, the national gay Catholic organization. When he came out in an article on Dignity in The Detroit News, the diocesan newspaper dropped his column. McNaught went on a water fast, which lasted 17 days, ending with a letter of support from Bishop Thomas Gumbleton. Following the fast, McNaught was fired by the newspaper, resulting in a civil rights suit, which was settled out of court.

## Life and career

From 1974 to 1986, McNaught wrote a syndicated column in the gay press, entitled, "A Disturbed Peace." Following Anita Bryant's successful campaign to overturn gay rights protections in Dade County, Florida, McNaught wrote the essay, "Dear Anita, Late Night Thoughts of an Irish Catholic Homosexual." Initially published by Impact magazine out of Syracuse University, the essay was widely republished, resulting in McNaught appearing on "To the Point," a Miami talk show on which he debated the head of Anita Bryant Ministry's conversion program.
From 1982 to 1984, McNaught served as the mayor of Boston's Liaison to the Gay Community, the first such full time position in the country. With the permission of Mayor Kevin White, McNaught created the first city task force on AIDS. That task force influenced the screening process instituted by the American Red Cross.
McNaught became a speaker and trainer on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues in the workplace, acting as a consultant to companies and discussion moderator.
McNaught has written four books, which offer advice for LGBT individuals and employers on dealing with the challenges faced by the LGBT community. Recommendations from his book Gay Issues in the Workplace are included in many corporate diversity policies.
In 2011 he won the Selisse Berry Leadership Award.
# Avon School District

Avon School District may refer to:
* Avon School District (Massachusetts)
* Avon School District (New Jersey)
* Avon School District (South Dakota), also known as Avon School District 4-1
* Abingdon-Avon Community Unit School District 276, a public school district in Abingdon, Illinois
* Avon Public Schools, a public school district in Avon, Connecticut
* Avon Central School District, a public school district in Avon, New York
* Avon Local School District, a public school district in Avon, Ohio
* Avon Community School Corporation, a public school district in Avon, Indiana
# Ad-Duluʽ

Ad-Duluʽ (الدولوع) is a village in Al Madinah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.
# 2016 French Open – Women's legends doubles

Kim Clijsters and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together this year. Clijsters played alongside Tracy Austin-Holt, but they were eliminated at the round-robin stage.
Navratilova successfully defended the title with Lindsay Davenport, defeating Conchita Martínez and Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Final

| Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| | Lindsay Davenport Martina Navratilova | 6 | 6 | |
| | Conchita Martínez Nathalie Tauziat | 3 | 2 | |

### Group A

| | | L Davenport M Navratilova | M Bartoli S Testud | A Myskina J Novotná | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| A1 | Lindsay Davenport Martina Navratilova | | 6–4, 6–4 | 6–3, 5–7, [10–7] | 2–0 | 4–1 | 24–18 | 1 |
| A2 | Marion Bartoli Sandrine Testud | 4–6, 4–6 | | 6–1, 3–6, [6–10] | 0–2 | 1–4 | 17–20 | 3 |
| A3 | Anastasia Myskina Jana Novotná | 3–6, 7–5, [7–10] | 1–6, 6–3, [10–6] | | 1–1 | 4–2 | 18–21 | 2 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.

### Group B

| | | T Austin-Holt K Clijsters | C Martínez N Tauziat | I Majoli A Sánchez | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| B1 | Tracy Austin-Holt Kim Clijsters | | 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, [8–10] | 6–2, 6–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 22–15 | 2 |
| B2 | Conchita Martínez Nathalie Tauziat | 6–3, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, [10–8] | | 5–7, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, [10–3] | 2–0 | 4–2 | 26–19 | 1 |
| B3 | Iva Majoli Arantxa Sánchez | 2–6, 0–6 | 7–5, 6–7$^{(7–9)}$, [3–10] | | 0–2 | 1–4 | 11–25 | 3 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.
# Materna coat of arms

Materna is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by one szlachta family in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
# VLM Airlines Slovenia

VLM Airlines Slovenia was a Slovenian airline based at Maribor Airport. The carrier was a subsidiary of SHS Aviation Slovenia, which is part of SHS Aviation.

## History

On 14 May 2017, it was announced that the airline had secured its Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) from the Slovenian Civil Aviation Agency allowing it to carry passengers and cargo. The airline ceased operations alongside its larger sister VLM Airlines in September 2018.

## Destinations

As of November 2017, the airline planned to operate scheduled flights between Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport and both Belgrade and Zürich, and seasonally to both Dubrovnik and Split. However, as of August 2018, none of these routes are flown anymore, with the aircraft being used for charter flights, or have been used within the route network of its now defunct sister company VLM Airlines.

## Fleet

The VLM Airlines Slovenia fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of August 2018:
VLM Airlines Slovenia Fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Fokker 50 | 3 | — | 50 | |
| Total | 3 | — | | |
# Salora

Salora may refer to:
* Salora Oy, a former consumer electronics manufacturer in Salo, Finland
* Salora International, an Indian conglomerate
# Pola (song)

"Pola" is a Polish-language indie pop and rock single performed by Muniek Staszczyk. The lyrics were written by Dawid Podsiadło, and the music was composed and produced by Bartosz Dziedzic. The song was released as a single on 3 June 2019 by Agora label company, and later appeared on the Syn miasta album which was released on 18 November 2019. The title "Pola" is an allegory to Poland and its political and social situation in the early 21st century. The song had reached first place on various charts in Poland and was awarded a platinum certification.
The music video of the song was written and directed by Katarzyna Sobczyk, with Agata Buzek performing the role of Pola.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) | 7 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 20,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Pentastiridius

Pentastiridius is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cixiidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Pentastiridius apicalis (Uhler, 1896)
* Pentastiridius badiensis Van Stalle, 1986
# Brightkite

Brightkite was a location-based social networking website. Users were able to "check in" at places by using text messaging or one of the mobile applications and they were able to see who is nearby and who has been there before. The service was created in 2007 by Brady Becker, Martin May, and Alan Seideman who previously founded the SMS notification service Loopnote. In April 2009 Brightkite was acquired by mobile social network Limbo.
By December 2011, all Brightkite apps had been pulled from app stores and the Brightkite website was replaced with a message stating, "This is not goodbye...we're just moving on to something better".
By April 2012, the Brightkite website no longer appeared to be in operation.

## Overview

Brightkite allowed registered users to connect with their existing friends and also meet new people based on the places that they go. Once a user "checked in" at a place, they could post notes and photos to a location and other users could comment on those posts. Brightkite had applications for Android, iOS (iPhone), and Symbian.
Brightkite is no longer available.

## Android app

The Brightkite Android app used the phone's GPS to locate the user and it had many of the same features as the iPhone app. Notable additions include mapping and background notifications.

## iPhone app

The Brightkite iPhone app used the iPhone's geolocation features to automatically locate the user. From the app a user could check in, post a note or photo, send messages, browse their friend and nearby streams and access their account settings.

## The Brightkite Wall

The Brightkite Wall was a visualization tool that used to show real-time updates from a place, user, or keyword. Users also have the option to display posts from Twitter containing a specific hashtag.
The Mattress Factory Art Museum used the Brightkite Wall in the museum lobby as a way to communicate with visitors.

## Related applications

Brightkite had a public application programming interface (API) available to build websites and applications that augment the official website.
# Oatman (surname)

Oatman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Billy Oatman (1965–2023), left-handed American ten-pin bowler and a member of the Professional Bowlers Association
* Eddie Oatman (1889–1973), Canadian professional ice hockey player
* Mary Ann Oatman (1844–1851), the sister of Olive Oatman, and a survivor of abuse by the Yavapai people
* Olive Oatman (1837–1903), woman from Illinois who was famously abducted by a Native American tribe
* Russell Oatman (1905–1964), Canadian professional ice hockey player
# Acidosasa

Acidosasa is a genus of East Asian bamboo in the grass family.
Acidosasa is found primarily in Southern China, with 1 species in Vietnam. Its name is formed from Latin acidum ("sour") and Sasa (another bamboo genus), referring to its edible shoots. Young shoots of the plants are preserved by the local population.

## Species

* Acidosasa breviclavata – Guangdong
* Acidosasa brilletii – Vietnam
* Acidosasa chienouensis – Fujian, Hunan
* Acidosasa chinensis – Guangdong
* Acidosasa edulis – Fujian
* Acidosasa guangxiensis – Guangxi
* Acidosasa lingchuanensis – Guangxi
* Acidosasa nanunica – Chongqing, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
* Acidosasa notata – Fujian, Jiangxi
* Acidosasa purpurea – Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan
* Acidosasa venusta – Guangdong

## formerly included

see Indosasa Oligostachyum Pleioblastus Pseudosasa
* Acidosasa bilamina – Oligostachyum spongiosum
* Acidosasa denigrata – Pseudosasa hindsii
* Acidosasa gigantea – Indosasa gigantea
* Acidosasa heterolodicula – Oligostachyum scabriflorum
* Acidosasa lentiginosa – Pleioblastus maculatus
* Acidosasa macula – Oligostachyum scabriflorum
* Acidosasa paucifolia – Pseudosasa pubiflora