OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apache Hama

Apache Hama is a distributed computing framework based on bulk synchronous parallel computing techniques for massive scientific computations e.g., matrix, graph and network algorithms. Originally a sub-project of Hadoop, it became an Apache Software Foundation top level project in 2012. It was created by Edward J. Yoon, who named it (short for "Hadoop Matrix Algebra"), and Hama also means hippopotamus in Yoon's native Korean language (하마), following the trend of naming Apache projects after animals and zoology (such as Apache Pig). Hama was inspired by Google's Pregel large-scale graph computing framework described in 2010. When executing graph algorithms, Hama showed a fifty-fold performance increase relative to Hadoop.
Retired in April 2020, project resources are made available as part of the Apache Attic. Yoon cited issues of installation, scalability, and a difficult programming model for its lack of adoption.

## Architecture

Hama consists of three major components: BSPMaster, GroomServers and Zookeeper.

### BSPMaster

BSPMaster is responsible for:
* Maintaining groom server status
* Controlling super steps in a cluster
* Maintaining job progress information
* Scheduling jobs and assigning tasks to groom servers
* Disseminating execution class across groom servers
* Controlling fault
* Providing users with the cluster control interface.
A BSP Master and multiple grooms are started by the script. Then, the bsp master starts up with a RPC server for groom servers. Groom servers starts up with a BSPPeer instance and a RPC proxy to contact the bsp master. After started, each groom periodically sends a heartbeat message that encloses its groom server status, including maximum task capacity, unused memory, and so on.
Each time the BSP master receives a heartbeat message, it brings up-to-date groom server status - the bsp master makes use of groom servers' status in order to effectively assign tasks to idle groom servers - and returns a heartbeat response that contains assigned tasks and others actions that a groom server has to do. For now, we have a FIFO job scheduler and very simple task assignment algorithms.

### GroomServer

A groom server (shortly referred to as groom) is a process that performs BSP tasks assigned by BSPMaster. Each groom contacts the BSPMaster, and it takes assigned tasks and reports its status by means of periodical piggybacks with BSPMaster. Each groom is designed to run with HDFS or other distributed storages. Basically, a groom server and a data node should be run on one physical node.

### Zookeeper

A Zookeeper is used to manage the efficient barrier synchronisation of the BSPPeers.
# William Elsey

William Edward Elsey was an Anglican bishop in the first half of the 20th century.

## Early life

Elsey was born into a sporting family on 4 July 1880 in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England, and educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth and Lincoln College, Oxford.

## Religious life

Ordained in 1905 Elsey was initially a curate at St Faith's Stepney and then its Priest in charge. In 1914 he began a long period of service overseas, firstly as a member of the Bush Brotherhood of St Boniface in the Anglican Diocese of Bunbury, Western Australia, then its Warden, following which he was elevated to the episcopate as Bishop of Kalgoorlie. During World War II, he was a chaplain to the Australian Armed Forces

## Later life

Elsey retired in 1950 and died in Perth, Western Australia on 25 September 1966.
# Tin hydroxide

Tin hydroxide may refer to:
* Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)$_2$, also known as stannous hydroxide
* Tin(IV) hydroxide Sn(OH)$_4$, also known as stannic hydroxide
# Urianus

Urianus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 227 BC.
He was the son of King Andragius and was succeeded by Eliud. Geoffrey may possibly have based the character on that of Urien Rheged (6th century), although there is no resemblance between them.
# Metasia kasyi

Metasia kasyi is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1970 and is found in Afghanistan.
# 2020 Rallye Deutschland

The 2020 Rallye Deutschland (also known as the ADAC Rallye Deutschland 2020) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was scheduled to be held over four days between 15 and 18 October 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was set to mark the thirty-eighth running of Rallye Deutschland and planned to be the twelfth round of the 2020 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. It was also planned to run as the final round of the 2020 Junior World Rally Championship. The 2020 event was scheduled to be based in Bostalsee in Saarland.
Ott Tänak and Martin Järveoja were the defending rally winners. The team they drove for in 2019, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, were the defending manufacturers' winners. Jan Kopecký and Pavel Dresler were the defending winners in the World Rally Championship-2 category. In the World Rally Championship-3 category, Fabian Kreim and Tobias Braun were the reigning rally winners.
# Phoner to Arizona

"Phoner to Arizona" is the opening track from Gorillaz's fourth studio album The Fall. The song is mostly an instrumental with distorted vocals and was recorded entirely on Gorillaz co-founder Damon Albarn's iPad during the American leg of the Escape to Plastic Beach World Tour in October 2010. The video—a compilation of footage and images taken from the tour and the phase—was posted on YouTube on 22 December as a way to promote the album.

## Personnel

* Damon Albarn – vocals
* Stephen Sedgwick – mixing, recording
* Geoff Pesche – mastering
# Mitani Goho

Mitani Gohō (五鳳 late 18th-early 19th century) was a Japanese netsuke carver from Aki Province.
According to collector Anne Hull Grundy, "The wooden netsuke of Goho are outstanding, even beside the carvings of other masters of the Iwami School. In fact, they have never been surpassed by any other carvers."
# April Records

April Records is a Danish record label (based in Copenhagen, Denmark) specialized on Scandinavian electronica music: from ambient to techno and trip hop. List of musicians recorded on this label includes: Underworld, DJ 360°, Biosphere, Blue Foundation, Lindberg Hemmer Foundation, Thomas Knak aka Opiate, Jesper Skaaning aka Acustic, Anders Remmer aka Jet, Future 3.

## Releases

Discography:
* A-1000-A1 Matt Covington Baby I'm For Real (12", Promo)
* APR 001 Boredom Is Deep And Mysterious (CD, Comp) 1994
* APR 002 Underworld Dark & Long (CD, EP) 1994
* APR 004 Double Muffled Dolphin My Left Side Is Out Of Sync (CD) 1994
* APR 010 Future 3 We Are The Future 3 (CD, Album) 1995
* APR 011 Double Muffled Dolphin The Lions Are Growing (CD) 1996
* APR 012 Acustic No 1 (CD, Album) 1996
* APR 014 Future 3 The Boy From West Bronx (12") 1996
* APR 015 Bjørn Svin Mer Strøm #2 (12") 1997
* APR 016 Jet Jet #1 (12") 1997
* APR 018 Bjørn Svin Mer Strøm (CD) 1997
* APR 019 XJacks Double Xposure (CD, Album) 1997
* APR 020 Future 3 Stay With... (2xLP) 1998
* APR 021 Acustic No 2 (12") 1997
* APR 022 Opiate 1/3 & 1/2 EP (12", EP) 1997
* APR 023 Boredom Is Deep And Mysterious 3 (CD) 1997
* APR 024 DJ 360° And Her Tears Dropped Like Beats (12") 1997
* APR 025 Jet Jet #2 (12") 1997
* APR 027 Magick A Lemon, Saab 96 And A Book (CD) 1997
* APR 030 DJ 360° 33 Revolutions Per Minute (CD) 1999
* APR 042 Future 3 Reverberate EP (12", EP) 2001
* APR 043 B9 Don't Worry It's B9 (CD) 1998
* APR 046 Time Of Madness Lust Fading (CD, Maxi) 1999
* APR 047 Time Of Madness Patterns (CD) 1999
* APR 048 Lindberg Hemmer Foundation Brazilian Architecture (LP, Album) 2001
* APR 048 Lindberg Hemmer Foundation Brazilian Architecture (CD, Album) 2001
* APR 049 Håkan Lidbo After The End (CD) 2000
* APR 050 Future 3 Like... (LP) 2001
* APR 051 Blue Foundation Wiseguy & Hollywood (CD, Maxi) 2000
* APR 054 Blue Foundation Blue Foundation (CD) 2001
* APR 055 DJ 360° Tag Along (Come On) (12") 2000
* APR 056 Biosphere Cirque (CD) 2000
* APR 057 Universal Funk One (2xLP) 2001
* APR 057 Universal Funk One (CD) 2001
* APR 059 Opiate While You Were Sleeping (CD, Album, Dig) 2002
* APR 062 Universal Funk Re:Done (CD) 2003
* APR 071 Alex Puddu And The Butterfly Collectors Chasing The Scorpion's Tail (CD) 2004
# Panahi

Panahi is an Iranian surname and may refer to:
* Jafar Panahi (born 1960), Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film editor
* Hossein Panahi (1956–2004), Iranian actor and poet
* Rita Panahi (born 1976), Iranian Australian opinion columnist
* Anwar Hossein Panahi, Iranian Kurdish teacher and political activist
# Tim Alexander (visual effects)

Tim Alexander is a visual effects supervisor.
Alexander and his fellow visual effects artists were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the 2013 film The Lone Ranger.
# Urșița

The Urșița is a right tributary of the river Stavnic in Romania. It flows into the Stavnic in Cioca-Boca. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi) and its basin size is 41 km$^2$ (16 sq mi).
# AACS

AACS may refer to:
* Advanced Access Content System, a standard for content distribution and digital rights management
** AACS encryption key controversy
* American Association of Christian Schools, an organization that unifies individual Christian schools and statewide Christian school associations
* Annapolis Area Christian School, a Christian school in Maryland, United States
* Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystems, used to orient space probes relative to a fixed point
# 2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Doubles

Luis David Martínez and Felipe Meligeni Alves were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Martínez partnered Fernando Romboli but lost in the semifinals to Nicolás Barrientos and Alejandro Gómez. Meligeni Alves partnered Rafael Matos but withdrew before the final due to a positive test for COVID-19.
Barrientos and Gómez won the title by walkover after Matos and Meligeni Alves withdrew before the final.

## Seeds

* Rafael Matos / Felipe Meligeni Alves (final, withdrew)
* Luis David Martínez / Fernando Romboli (semifinals)
* James Cerretani / Luca Margaroli (first round)
* Nicolás Barrientos / Alejandro Gómez (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | R Matos F Meligeni Alves | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Cid Subervi A Collarini | 4 | 2 | | 1 | R Matos F Meligeni Alves | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Alves G Heide | 3 | 7$^8$ | [6] | | O Luz I Marcondes | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | |
| | O Luz I Marcondes | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | | | 1 | R Matos F Meligeni Alves | 6 | 6 | | | |
| 3 | J Cerretani L Margaroli | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | P Cachin M Cuevas | 2 | 4 | | | |
| | P Cachin M Cuevas | 7 | 6 | | | P Cachin M Cuevas | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | |
| WC | D Dutra da Silva P Sakamoto | 4 | 6 | [10] | WC | D Dutra da Silva P Sakamoto | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | | | | | |
| | A González T Seyboth Wild | 6 | 3 | [5] | | | | | | | | | 1 | R Matos F Meligeni Alves | |
| PR | JP Ficovich Matías Zukas | 7$^{12}$ | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | 4 | N Barrientos A Gómez | w/o |
| | T Lipovšek Puches JI Londero | 6$^{10}$ | 6 | [3] | PR | JP Ficovich M Zukas | 4 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | |
| | M Vervoort F Zeballos | 7$^7$ | 4 | [3] | 4 | N Barrientos A Gómez | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | |
| 4 | N Barrientos A Gómez | 6$^5$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | 4 | N Barrientos A Gómez | 6 | 7 | | | |
| Alt | L Darderi J Nikles | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | | 2 | LD Martínez F Romboli | 4 | 5 | | | |
| Alt | Facundo Juárez G Villanueva | 2 | 6 | [12] | Alt | F Juárez G Villanueva | 4 | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | |
| WC | J Pereira Gabriel Roveri Sidney | 1 | 6$^6$ | | 2 | LD Martínez F Romboli | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | |
| 2 | LD Martínez F Romboli | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Antoine Ngwenza

Antoine Ngwenza was a Congolese politician. He was appointed as the first Minister of Social Affairs of Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Lumumba Government that ran from 24 June until 12 September 1960 under the leadership of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. He was the member of PUNA.
# Phonen

Phonen was king of Blemmyes, known from a letter which was found in Qasr Ibrim, Lower Nubia, in 1976. The papyrus letter comes perhaps from some royal archive and dates the rule of Phonen to around 450 AD.
The letter had been written in bad Greek by Phonen and his son, phylarch Breytek, and was addressed to Aburni, king of Nobatia. This letter represents the answer to another letter which has been lost. It expresses the hostility between the Blemmyes and Nobatian rulers Aburni and Silko; various conflicts between them are listed in the letter. In addition, Phonen mentions negotiations between both kingdoms on regaining lost territories of Blemmyes. It is not clear if Phonen was able to reconquer disputed territory.
Phonen is perhaps identical to a phylarch known from an inscription from Kalabsha, where he appears as "Phonoin".

## Sources

* Rea, J. (1979). "The Letter of Phonen to Aburni". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 34: 147–162. JSTOR 20185688.
* Skeat, T. C. (1977). "A Letter from the King of the Blemmyes to the King of the Noubades". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 63: 159–170. doi:10.2307/3856316. JSTOR 3856316.
* Török, László (1984). "A Contribution to Post-meroitic Chronology: The Blemmyes in Lower Nubia". Rivista degli studi orientali. 58 (1): 201–243. JSTOR 41923344.
* Welsby, Derek A. (2002). The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia: Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile. London: British Museum Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-7141-1947-4.
# William Henry Carpenter (philologist)

William Henry Carpenter (1853–1936) was an American philologist, and provost for Columbia University.

## Biography

William Henry Carpenter was born in Utica, New York on July 15, 1853. He was educated at Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Hamilton College, Leipzig, and Freiburg. He then became instructor in rhetoric and lecturer on North European literature at Cornell in 1883. At Columbia University, he was instructor of German and Scandinavian languages, 1883–89; assistant professor of Germanic languages and literature, 1889–90; adjunct professor, 1890–95; and in 1895 professor of German philology. In 1912 he became the provost of Columbia. He was trustee and secretary of the Columbia University Press.
He was elected vice president of the Germanistic Society of America, and edited the Germanistic Society Quarterly. He was a member of the Authors Club and Century Club of New York City.
Among his students in Germanics were linguist Edward Sapir.
He married Anna Morgan Douglass on July 2, 1884, and they had three children.
William Henry Carpenter died in Downingtown, Pennsylvania on November 25, 1936. He was buried at Northwood Cemetery.

## Works

* Grundriss der neuisländischen Grammatik (1881)
* Nikolasdrapa Halls Prest, An Icelandic Poem from A. D. 1400 (1881)
* Some Conditions of American Education (1911)
He contributed to dictionaries and encyclopedias and to magazines and reviews.
# Uršlja Gora

Uršlja Gora (pronounced) is a dispersed settlement on the northern slopes of Mount St. Ursula southwest of Kotlje in the Municipality of Ravne na Koroškem in the Carinthia region in northern Slovenia. The local church from which the settlement and the mountain get their name is dedicated to Saint Ursula, but lies under the peak of the hill in the neighbouring settlement of Jazbina.
# AACO

AACO may refer to:
* Arab Air Carriers' Organization, a regional trade organization of Arab airlines established in 1965 by the League of Arab States
* Australian Agricultural Company, a company which serves to improve beef cattle production through responsible natural resource and land use
* Arizona Association of Counties, a member association for all elected officials of Arizona's 15 counties
* An initialization for Anne Arundel County, Maryland
# 1905–06 Trinity Blue and White men's basketball team

The 1905–06 Trinity Blue and White's basketball team represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) during the 1905–06 men's college basketball season.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| * | Trinity Park | W 28–18 | 1–0 | |
| * | Trinity Park | L 16–19 | 2–0 | |
| * | Trinity Park | W 19–13 | 2–1 | |
| March 2* | Wake Forest | L 10–24 | 2–2 | Durham, NC |
| March 16* | at Wake Forest | L 5–15 | 2–3 | |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Mammea timorensis

Mammea timorensis is a species of flowering plant in the Calophyllaceae family. It is found only on the island of Timor, which is divided between the countries of East Timor and Indonesia.
# Antoine Nicolas Duchesne

Antoine Nicolas Duchesne (born 7 October 1747 Versailles; died 18 February 1827 Paris) was a French botanist known for his keen observation of variation within species, and for demonstrating that species are not immutable, because mutations can occur. "As Duchesne's observations were unaided by knowledge of modern concepts of genetics and molecular biology, his insight was truly remarkable." His particular interests were in strawberries and gourds.
Duchesne worked in the gardens of Versailles, where he was a student of Bernard de Jussieu and corresponded with Carl Linnaeus. He established a notable collection of strawberries in the botanical garden of the Petit Trianon and was the first to document the separation of sexes in wild strawberry and the hybrid origin of the garden strawberry.
The genus Duchesnea Sm. (Rosaceae) was named after him.

## Works (selected)

* Manuel de botanique, contenant les propriétés des plantes utiles, 1764
* Essai sur l’histoire naturelle des courges, 46 pp. Panckoucke, Paris 1786.
* Histoire naturelle des fraisiers contenant les vues d'économie réunies à la botanique et suivie de remarques particulières sur plusieurs points qui ont rapport à l'histoire naturelle générale, Didot jeune, Paris 1766. on line at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and GoogleBooks
* Le Jardinier prévoyant, contenant par forme de tableau, le rapport des opérations journalières avec le temps des récoltes successives qu'elles préparent. 11 vols. P. F. Didot jeune, Paris 1770-1781
* Sur la formation des jardins, Dorez, Paris 1775.
* Le Porte-feuille des enfans, mélange intéressant d'animaux, fruits, fleurs, habillemens, plans, cartes et autres objets.... Mérigot jeune, Paris, [n.d., probably 1784].
* Le Livret du ″Porte-feuille des enfans″, à l'usage des écoles... d'après la loi du 11 germinal an IV. Imprimerie de Gueffier, Paris, an VI – 1797.
* Le Cicerone de Versailles, ou l'Indicateur des curiosités et des établissemens de cette ville.... J.-P. Jacob, Versailles, an XII — 1804; revised and augmented in 1815.

## Sources

* Adrien Davy de Virville (ed.) (1955) Histoire de la botanique en France. Paris: SEDES 394 p.
# Miturga

Miturga is a genus of spiders in the family Miturgidae. It was first described in 1870 by Thorell. As of 2024, it contains 15 species, all from Australia.

## Species

Miturga comprises the following species:
* Miturga agelenina Simon, 1909
* Miturga albopunctata Hickman, 1930
* Miturga annulipes (Lucas, 1844)
* Miturga australiensis (L. Koch, 1873)
* Miturga catograpta Simon, 1909
* Miturga fagei Kolosváry, 1934
* Miturga ferina Simon, 1909
* Miturga gilva L. Koch, 1872
* Miturga impedita Simon, 1909
* Miturga lineata Thorell, 1870
* Miturga necator (Walckenaer, 1837)
* Miturga occidentalis Simon, 1909
* Miturga parva Hogg, 1914
* Miturga severa Simon, 1909
* Miturga thorelli Simon, 1909
# Nemea (disambiguation)

Nemea is an ancient sanctuary and archaeological site in Greece, known for the Nemean lion.
Nemea may also refer to:
* Nemea (town), a town and municipality in Greece, or a wine region near the town
* Nemea (mythology), Greek nymph
* Néméa (also known as Fiametta), a ballet in four acts by Arthur Saint-Léon to the music of Ludwig Minkus (1863/1864)
* Archaia Nemea, a village near Nemea in Greece
* Nemea (moth), a genus of moths of the family Thyrididae
* Nemea Bank, a pan-European bank headquartered in Malta
# William Esson

William Esson, FRS (17 May 1838 – 28 August 1916) was a British mathematician.

## Early life

He was born in Carnoustie, Scotland.
Esson attended St John's College, Oxford.

## Career

He then became a Fellow of Merton College. In 1892, he became the Savilian Professor of Geometry at the University of Oxford, based at New College. He worked on problems in chemistry with Augustus George Vernon Harcourt.
In 1869 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1895 delivered, jointly with Harcourt, their Bakerian Lecture on the Laws of Connexion between the Conditions of a Chemical Change and its Amount. III. Further Researches on the Reaction of Hydrogen Dioxide and Hydrogen Iodide.
He was on the governing body of Abingdon School until 1900.

## Personal life

In 1874, Esson leased 13 Bradmore Road in North Oxford. He died in Abingdon, England.
# Tinbeerwah, Queensland

Tinbeerwah is a semi-rural locality in the Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Tinbeerwah had a population of 1,160 people.

## Geography

The Cooroy-Noosa Road runs through from west (Lake Macdonald) to east (Tewantin).
Mount Tinbeerwah is in the north of locality (26°23′25″S 152°58′31″E﻿ / ﻿26.3902°S 152.9752°E﻿ / -26.3902; 152.9752﻿ (Mount Tinbeerwah)) rising 265 metres (869 ft) above sea level.
The north of the locality is within the Tewantin National Park.

## History

The name Tinbeerwah is Aboriginal for "place of grasstrees" or "high hill climbing up".
Tinbeerwah Provisional School opened on 2 September 1914. On 1 September 1916, it became Tinbeerwah State School. It closed on 9 August 1963.
In 1987, 12-year-old Noosa schoolgirl Sian Kingi was raped and murdered in Tinbeerwah after being abducted from Noosa Heads.
Between 2008 and 2013, Tinbeerwah (and the rest of the Shire of Noosa) was within Sunshine Coast Region but the Shire of Noosa was re-established in 2014.

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Tinbeerwah had a population of 1,262.
In the 2016 census, Tinbeerwah had a population of 974 people.
In the 2021 census, Tinbeerwah had a population of 1,160 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Tinbeerwah. The nearest government primary schools are:
* Tewantin State School in neighbouring Tewantin to the east
* Eumundi State School in neighbouring Eumundi to the south
* Cooroy State School in Cooroy to the south-west
* Noosaville State School in Noosaville to the east
The nearest government secondary school is Noosa District State High School which has its junior campus in Pomona to the north-west and its senior campus in Cooroy to the south-west.
# AACR

AACR may refer to:
* Across a Crowded Room, an album by Richard Thompson released in 1985
* American Association for Cancer Research, an organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* American Cable and Radio Corporation, a former communications holding company in the middle 20th century previously known as All America Cables and Radio
* Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, a publication for library professionals
* Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights, a political party in Gibraltar
* Autoritatea Aeronautică Civilă Română ("Romanian Civil Aeronautical Authority")
# Mandible Cirque

Mandible Cirque is a cirque indenting the coast of Daniell Peninsula 8 km (5.0 mi) west-south-west of Cape Phillips, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named in 1966 by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee for its appearance in plan and oblique views suggestive of a mandible.

## Important Bird Area

A 121 ha site on ice-free land adjacent to the cirque has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports about 17,000 breeding pairs of Adélie penguins, as estimated from reports of three seasons sampled between 1981 and 2012.