OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Currie McDougall

William Currie McDougall (1840–1920) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who is remembered as a poet and for an infamous and unusual court case in which he became embroiled, known as the "Coatbridge Free Church Scandal".

## Life

He was born in Glasgow on 9 January 1840 the son of Alexander McDougall, a horn spoon maker, and his wife, Agnes Currie. He moved in his youth to Saltcoats and lived in a miner's cottage on Raise Street in the town centre. Although some records state there was "no mining" in Saltcoats this is incorrect. The Stevenston coal mine lay on the edge of the town,
He emigrated to America in his youth and studied Theology there. He was ordained in the church of Plato, Indiana in 1871. He also spent time in California which was the subject of several of his poems.
He returned to Scotland in 1878 and was licensed to preach by the Free Church of Scotland in 1879. He appears to have initially assisted at a mission in High Blantyre as he appears in records on 2 July 1879 attending one of the several Blantyre mining disasters, occurring in a coal mine owned by William Dixon & Co in which 27 were killed and many others injured.
In 1883 he was ordained at the West Free Church in Coatbridge. As a very rare event in Free Church history, he was "loosed" (fired) from his post on 19 October 1899. This action was further verified as correct in the General Assembly of 1900. This action resulted in a court case in Edinburgh's High Court in January/February 1902. The church claimed he was released due to "inefficiency". McDougall, in a strange counter-claim, aimed to damage the Free Church, he said it was his opposition to alcohol which caused his release (implying that the Free Church supported alcoholic drink, which is not really true). The court ruled the whole affair outwith their jurisdiction. However, as McDougall refused to promise not to preach again in Coatbridge he was found in contempt of court and had to serve 28 days in Calton Prison, being released on 7 March 1902. This was undoubtedly a severe shock to McDougall, whose attitude (as with many clergy) was one of being beyond reproach.
McDougall was totally broken by this event and abandoned all hope of re-employment. He returned to Saltcoats/Ardrossan (probably living with a sister there).
He died in Ardrossan (adjacent to Saltcoats) in 1920 aged 80.

## Poems

* A Wayside Sermon: to the Old Pump Well in Raise Street Saltcoats (this was a water supply pump)
* Lines to the Yosemite
* Santa Clara
* To the Memory of Dr T W Tilden, Chico, California
* A Summer Scene: Hollister
* The Picket in War
* The Fatal Bullet
* The Unveiling of the Statue of Livingstone in George Square, Glasgow (1879)
* Drumclog, 1679 (1879)
* The Tay Bridge Disaster (1879)

## Other publications

* An Awakened Church (1892)
* Rome or Rum and the Cure for Both
* Gleams Yont the Gloom (1893)
# William Henry Blaauw

William Henry Blaauw (1793–1870) was an English antiquarian and historian, particularly active in Sussex.

## Life

Blaauw was born in London on 25 May 1793. His father William Blaauw, of Queen Anne's Street, was a Dutch immigrant, from a line of burgomasters of Amsterdam; William's second wife, Louisa Puller was daughter of Christopher Puller of Woodford, Essex. William's elder daughter from his first marriage (to Anne Charlotte, daughter of Charles Le Maitre), Maria Anne, was the first wife of the politician Thomas Gardiner Bramston. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, where, taking a first class in classics, he graduated B.A. in 1813, and M.A. in 1815. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1850, was treasurer of the Camden Society for many years, and was a member of other learned societies.
Blaauw lived at Newick in East Sussex, and founded the Sussex Archaeological Society in 1846. He was the editor of the society's journal, Sussex Archaeological Collections, until 1856, when the eighth volume was issued; and was its honorary secretary until 1867. He was High Sheriff of Sussex in 1859.
Blaauw died on 26 April 1870.
Blaauw contributed a sum of money to benefit the railroad business in Belton, South Carolina.

## Works

Blaauw's major work was a history of the Second Barons' War, first published in 1844. A revised edition was issued posthumously by Charles Henry Pearson as editor in 1871.
Between 1846 and 1861 Blaauw contributed papers on Sussex archaeology to the Sussex Archaeological Collections. He communicated a paper on Queen Matilda and her daughter to Archæologia (xxxii. 108) in 1846, and he showed archaeological objects at meetings of the Society of Antiquaries and Archaeological Institute.

## Family

Blaauw married first Harriet King in 1825. She was daughter of John King who was Permanent Under-Secretary for the Home Department 1791-1806, son of the Very Rev. Dr. James King, Dean of Raphoe, and a younger brother of Capt. James King F.R.S. and Rt. Revd. Walker King, Bishop of Rochester; he was briefly a Member of Parliament in 1806-7 & Joint Secretary at the Treasury, and had married Harriot Margaret, daughter of Rt. Rev. Charles Moss Bishop of Bath & Wells. Dying in 1828, Harriet left him two daughters, both of whom died young. He then married Margaret Emily Gillman, daughter of Sir John St Leger Gillman, Baronet; they had two sons, Henry (who died unmarried) and Thomas (whose son Henry inherited Beechland; by the 1920s it was no longer owned by the family), and a daughter, Emily, who married a cousin of her father's first wife, Captain the Hon. Charles Cornwallis Chetwynd, the fourth son of the 6th Viscount Chetwynd and had five daughters.

## Publications

* The Barons War (London, 1871)
# WDI

WDI may refer to:
* Walt Disney Imagineering
* Web data integration
* Windows Diagnostic Infrastructure, a component of Microsoft Windows
* Wood Destroying Insect
* World Development Indicators, a World Bank database
* Workforce Development Institute
* Women's Declaration International
# Thari Motlhagodi

Thari Wilson Motlhagodi was a Motswana politician. He represented Mochudi in the National Assembly of Botswana beginning in 1965 as a member of the oppositional Botswana People's Party.

## Biography

Thari Wilson Motlhagodi was one of the early members of the Botswana People's Party, and he was elected in 1965 to serve as the Member of Parliament for Mochudi in the National Assembly of Botswana. During the 1st Parliament of Botswana, Motlhagodi was one of only three members of the Botswana People's Party, along with Kenneth Nkhwa and Philip Matante. Upon his election, Motlhagodi joined Nkhwa in calling for a slower independence process, citing fears of internal unrest and foreign threats from neighboring governments. Motlhagodi has been described as one of the "Botswana People's Party firebrand[s]" of his era.
# Taylor Fravel

Taylor Fravel is an American political scientist. He specializes in international security.

## Education

Fravel earned his BA in history (summa cum laude) from Middlebury College in 1993, MA in philosophy, politics and economics from New College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1995, MS in international relations (with distinction) from London School of Economics, and PhD in political science from Stanford University in 2004.

## Career

Fravel is the Director of the Security Studies Program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and is associated with Princeton University and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a member of the board of directors for the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations and a participant of the Task Force on U.S.-China Policy convened by Asia Society's Center on U.S.-China Relations.

## Publications

Fravel is on the editorial boards of and has been published in journals including International Studies Quarterly, Security Studies, Journal of Strategic Studies, and The China Quarterly. Books authored include two volumes of 'Princeton Studies in International Relations and History':
* Active Defense: China’s Military Strategy Since 1949. Princeton University Press, 2020. ISBN 9780691210339
* Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Conflict and Cooperation in China’s Territorial Disputes. Princeton University Press, 2008. ISBN 9781400828876
# Mulino, Oregon

Mulino, Oregon is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 213 between the cities of Oregon City and Molalla. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,103.

## History

The community was named after a flour mill erected there in 1851, when the community was known as "Howards Mill." "Mulino" is a corruption of the Spanish word molino, or mill, and was chosen for the name when postal authorities objected that "Molino" was easily confused with nearby Molalla. The Mulino post office was established in 1882.
As of 2007, the mill building, remodeled into a private residence, still stands. According to a plaque given by the National Register of Historic Places, it is the oldest industrial building to remain standing in Oregon and the oldest building to serve continuously as the local post office. The mill, listed as Howard's Gristmill, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

## Local government

In May 2007, Mulino residents voted to become a hamlet, the third such community in Oregon, and the community was granted official hamlet status by the county on June 7, 2007.

## Points of interest

Mulino is home to the Mulino State Airport, a general aviation facility owned and operated by the Oregon Department of Aviation.

## Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mulino has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

## Notable people

* Tootie Smith, former state representative
# Nicolae Negru

Nicolae Negru (born 14 October 1948) is a writer and journalist from Moldova. He works for Jurnal TV, Vocea Basarabiei, and Jurnal de Chișinău.

## Biography

Negru was born on 14 October 1948, in Ciutulești, Florești District. He graduated from the Technical University of Moldova in Chișinău in 1970. He is a member of Moldovan Writers' Union, Romanian Writers' Union and Union of Journalists of Moldova. He has worked for Moldova-Film, Nistru-Basarabia, Literatura și Arta, and Columna and has been published in Contrafort, Contrapunct (Bucharest), and Convorbiri Literare (Iași)
Nicolae Negru and Petru Bogatu are the best known editorialists of Jurnal de Chișinău.

## Awards

* Jury Prize for "Minte-mă, minte-mă", Satiricus IL Caragiale Theater Gala 2008
* Second prize for "Femeia invizibilă", at the National Dramaturgy Contest, organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Moldova

## Works

* "Minte-mă, minte-mă…", 1999
* "Femeia invizibilă"
* "Actorul Crap, 2007"
* "Revine Marea Sarmațiană și ne întoarcem în Carpați" staged at the Mateevici Theater in 1998 (Editura Arc, 1998)
# Los Canarios

Los Canarios were a Spanish pop rock (prog rock later) band from Canary Islands founded by Eduardo "Teddy" Bautista in 1964.

## Career

The band started off in Las Palmas as Canaries performing soul music and rhythm & blues with lyrics in English. Their first album Flying High with The Canaries (1967) was only released in the US, receiving a belated edition in Spain, in 1985.
The singles "Get on Your Knees" and "Free Yourself" became hits in Spain, as a second LP entitled Libérate! was released in 1970, but they had to disband momentarily when Bautista entered the military service. "Get on Your Knees", specifically, reached triple gold status.
Through the first half of the 70s the style of the band became closer to prog rock, as Bautista increasingly experimented with synthesizers and electronic music. All this came to fruition by means of Ciclos (1974), a double album that came like a symphonic rock adaptation of Vivaldi's "Four Seasons".
The group disbanded in 1974.

## Discography

* Flying High with The Canaries (1967)
* Libérate! (1970)
* Canarios vivos!!!! (1972)
* Ciclos (1974)

## Members

* Teddy Bautista
* Ramón Izquierdo
* Germán Pérez
* Graham Bircumshaw
* Álvaro Yébenes
* Ricky Morales
* "Tato" Luzardo
* "Nano" Muñoz
* Alfredo Mahiques
* Vicente Mahiques
# Michie Hospital

The Michie Hospital was a Voluntary Aid Detachment hospital set up during the First World War at 184 Queens Gate, London, England to treat wounded soldiers. The hospital was opened in 1916 by Queen Alexandra. The house was loaned by Mrs Mary Michie, who was an administrator at the hospital. She was the widow of George McCulloch and had married, thirdly, the Scottish painter James Coutts Michie. The surgeon Lawrie Hugh McGavin worked at the hospital. It closed in June 1919.
# Woodland Park, Alberta (disambiguation)

Woodland Park, Alberta is a designated place and locality in Parkland County, Alberta.
Woodland Park, Alberta may also refer to:
* Woodland Park, Ponoka County, Alberta, a locality in Ponoka County, Alberta
* Woodland Park, Strathcona County, a locality in Strathcona County, Alberta
# Veremund

Veremund or Veremundus (later vernacular Vermudo or Bermudo) was a Suevic king of Galicia around 500. His existence is conjectured on the basis of a sixth-century inscription discovered at Salvador de Vairão. The date in the inscription is interpreted as either 485 or 535. Some scholars have dated the inscription to the eighth century, arguing that the Veremundus of the inscription is King Bermudo I of Asturias.
Veremund's reign would fall within a period of obscurity for the region of Galicia following the death of the valuable chronicler Hydatius (469) and the Sueves' conversion to Arianism (466). If the king existed, he was undoubtedly an Arian.

## Sources

* Arias, Jorge C. "Identity and Interactions: The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans." University of Virginia: Spring 2007.
* Collins, Roger. Visigothic Spain, 409–711. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-631-18185-7.
* Ferreiro, Alberto. "Veremundu R(eg)e: revisiting an inscription from San Salvador de Vairão (Portugal)." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 116 (1997), 263–72.
* Thompson, E. A. "The End of Roman Spain: Part III." Nottingham Mediaeval Studies, xxii (1978), pp. 3–22. Reprinted in Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982. pp. 161–187. ISBN 0-299-08700-X. See p. 167 for Rechimund.
* Thompson, E. A. "The Conversion of the Spanish Suevi to Catholicism." Visigothic Spain: New Approaches. ed. Edward James. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. ISBN 0-19-822543-1.
| Preceded byHermeneric | King of Galicia fl. c. 485 | Succeeded byTheodemund |
# William McGarvey (priest)

William McGarvey (1861–1924) was a Catholic priest and former Episcopal priest who served as rector of St. Elizabeth's Church in Philadelphia. In 1896 he became the leader of a group known as the Congregation of the Companions of the Holy Saviour (CSSS), which was associated with St. Elisabeth's.
McGarvey had been mentored by Henry R. Percival along with William Walter Webb who became president of Nashotah House. During the first few years there was a close association between Nashotah and St. Elisabeth parish. In 1906 Joseph Barry took over as president of Nashotah; he was an advocate of ritualism, but also anti-Roman. He was suspicious of the Companions, and in 1907 a dispute arose over the 'open pulpit' resolution.
In the fallout, McGarvey and many others joined the Catholic Church, including three teachers and five students at Nashotah House. This resulted in a backlash against Ritualism in the Episcopal Church. Bishop Charles Chapman Grafton and others helped to counter the backlash.
# WDIC

WDIC may refer to:
* WDIC (AM), a defunct radio station (1430 AM) formerly licensed to serve Clinchco, Virginia, United States
* WDIC-FM, a radio station (92.1 FM) licensed to serve Clinchco, Virginia
# Loren Kohnfelder

Loren Kohnfelder is a computer scientist working in public key cryptography.

## Work

Kohnfelder invented what is today called public key infrastructure (PKI) in his May 1978 MIT S.B. (BSCSE) thesis, which described a practical means of using public key cryptography to secure network communications. The Kohnfelder thesis introduced the terms "certificate" and "certificate revocation list" as well as numerous other concepts now established as important parts of PKI. The X.509 certificate specification that provides the basis for SSL, S/MIME and most modern PKI implementations are based Kohnfelder's thesis.
He was also the co-creator, with Praerit Garg, of the STRIDE model of security threats, widely used in threat modeling.
In 2021 he published the book Designing Secure Software with No Starch Press.
# Timeline of Monterrey, Mexico

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

## Prior to 20th century

* 1560 - Santa Lucia de León founded.
* 1584 - Ojos de Santa Lucia outpost established by Spaniards.
* 1596 - Settlement named "Ciudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Senora de Monterrey" by Diego de Montemayor and made a city.
* 1603 - Cathedral construction begins.
* 1730 - Church of San Francisco rebuilt.
* 1775 - Population: 258.
* 1777 - Monterrey becomes seat of Catholic Linares bishopric.
* 1790 - Bishop's Palace built.
* 1791 - Monterrey Cathedral building completed.
* 1824 - Monterrey becomes capital of Nuevo León state.
* 1833 - Cathedral consecrated.
* 1846 - Battle of Monterrey - town occupied by United States forces.
* 1847 - American Pioneer newspaper begins publication.
* 1864 - Town occupied by French forces.
* 1866 - French occupation ends.
* 1881 - Railway constructed.
* 1890 - Cerveceria Cuauhtemoc (brewery) founded.
* 1892 - Monterrey News English-language newspaper in publication.
* 1896 - El Espectador newspaper begins publication.
* 1899 - Banco Mercantil de Monterrey established.
* 1900 - Population: 62,266.

## 20th century

* 1901 - Monterey and Mexican Gulf Railroad sold.
* 1908 - Palacio de Gobierno built.
* 1909 - 28 August: Flood.
* 1919 - El Porvenir newspaper begins publication.
* 1936 - February: Antigovernment demonstration.
* 1940 - Population: 190,074.
* 1943 - Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education established.
* 1945
** Club de Fútbol Monterrey formed.
** Cine Elizondo opens.
* 1946 - Iglesia de La Purisima church built.
* 1950 - Population: 331,771.
* 1960 - Population: 601,086; metro 708,400.
* 1969 - Universidad de Monterrey and Universidad Regiomontana established.
* 1977 - Monterrey College of Music and Dance established.
* 1983 - Galerías Monterrey shopping mall in business.
* 1984 - Gran Plaza opens.
* 1988
** September: Hurricane Gilbert.
** Plaza Fiesta San Agustín shopping mall in business.
* 1990 - Labor Party (Mexico) founded in Monterrey.
* 1991 - Monterrey Metro begins operating.

## 21st century

* 2002 - Monterrey Mexico Temple (an LDS Church) dedicated.
* 2005 - Paseo San Pedro shopping mall in business.
* 2006 - KidZania (leisure centre) in business.
* 2010 - Population: 1,135,512; metro 4,089,962.
* 2011 - Air pollution in Monterrey reaches annual mean of 36 PM2.5 and 86 PM10, more than recommended.
* 2012 - May: Cadereyta Jiménez massacre occurs near city.
# Arthur E. Baird

Arthur Earl Baird (5 September 1895 – 18 August 1985) better known as Dr. Craig Earl, was an American radio game show host in the 1930s and 1940s.
Born in Medford, Massachusetts, United States, Baird hosted Professor Quiz from May 9, 1936, until the show concluded July 17, 1948.
Baird claimed to have a degree in theology from Tufts University (in fact, he attended the college for two years but left without a diploma), and did an early exercise and health program on Boston radio in the early 1920s under that name. He claimed to be an orphan; however, his 1918 draft card recorded him as "living at home in Medford with his folks and attending college". By 1935, Baird was married, but during that year he suddenly vanished.
As it turned out, Baird's disappearance was manufactured so he could avoid paying alimony or child support to his wife. He later made his way to New York City and masqueraded as "Dr. Craig Earl", scholar and world traveler, taking the job as "quizmaster" on Professor Quiz in 1936. The identity of "Professor Quiz" was a closely guarded secret until a Radio Daily article revealed him to be "Dr. Craig Earl" in 1937. In 1942, when his real identity was discovered, Baird was ordered to pay more than $25,000 to his ex-wife. By this point, Baird had remarried, and his new wife assisted him on his quiz show, working as the scorekeeper.
In spite of the fairly widespread bad publicity, Baird continued to use the Earl identity, and his radio career continued. Sometime after leaving the air, Baird apparently legally changed his name to Craig Earl; he died in 1985.
# Sena (Kučevo)

Sena is a village in the municipality of Kučevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 232 people.
# Woodland Oldfield mouse

The woodland Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys hylophilus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
# Tatsuo Sato

Tatsuo Sato is the name of:
* Tatsuo Sato (politician) (佐藤 剛男, 1937–2013), Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party
* Tatsuo Satō (director) (佐藤 竜雄, born 1964), Japanese anime director
# Technical Specifications for Interoperability

A Technical Specification for Interoperability (abbreviated as TSI) is a text provided for in European Directive 2016/797 adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the interoperability of the European rail system in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure.
This directive stipulates that the railway system is divided into 8 subsystems:
* infrastructure
* Traction energy
* control command and the trackside signalling
* control command and the on-board signalling
* rolling stock
* Traffic operation and management
* Maintenance
* Telematic applications for passenger and freight services.
It also provides that a technical specification for interoperability (TSI) is drawn up for each subsystem.
These TSIs define the essential requirements of the above-mentioned European directives for specific cases and define a set of technical requirements that apply to new subsystems put into service.
These requirements constitute a set of conditions necessary for putting into service, but these conditions are generally not sufficient to guarantee safety, so they must be supplemented by some additional measures. They do not cover all the fields of the regulatory requirements, but for the fields they cover, they prevail over the national texts.

## Legal basis

When the first TSIs were published, they still had separate legal bases: one for the interoperability of the high-speed rail system (European Community Directive 96/48/EC) and one for the interoperability of the conventional rail system (European Community Directive 2001/16/EC).
The matters covered by these two directives have been merged and regrouped in the European Community Directive 2008/57/EC, which in turn has been taken over by the European Union Directive 2016/797/EU.
Directive 2008/57/EC was repealed as of 16 June 2020, by which time the new Directive 2016/797/EU had to be transposed into national law.

## Drafting and approval

TSIs are drafted by the European Union Agency for Railways on a mandate from the European Commission. The working group set up includes members of the national safety authorities and members of organizations representing the sector.
Once completed, they are submitted to the European Union Member States Committee for its opinion before being decided by the Commission. They are then translated into the official Languages of the European Union before being notified to the Member States.

## Transposition into French law

The Interoperability Directive is transposed into French law by Decree 2019-525.
TSIs adopted in the form of a decision by the commission are systematically transposed by decrees (more precisely by the decree of 19 March 2012). TSIs adopted as regulations by the commission are directly applicable by all.