OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir Anselm Guise, 6th Baronet

Sir Anselm William Edward Guise, 6th Baronet (18 September 1888 – 12 September 1970) was an English soldier, landowner, and magistrate, of Elmore Court, Gloucester.
He was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1926.

## Life

Guise was the son of Sir William Francis George Guise, 5th Baronet, by his marriage to Ada Caroline Coope, and was educated at Eton. During the First World War, he was commissioned into the Gloucestershire Yeomanry and rose to the rank of captain.
On 17 January 1920, he succeeded his father in the Guise baronetcy, created for an ancestor in 1783. His father left him an estate of 623 acres (252 ha), part of the manor of Elmore which in 1262 had been granted to their ancestor Anselm de Gyse by John of Burgh, a son of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent, after Anselm had married a cousin of Burgh's. Within a few months of inheriting the estate, Guise sold much of it, while keeping Elmore Court and a home farm, and also Lassington Wood, which he soon gave to Gloucester County Borough Council, to celebrate the Guise family's long association with the city.
Guise also inherited an art collection, and in 1921 he sold Francesco Botticini‘s painting “Madonna Adoring the Christ Child”, which had belonged to his mother's family, the Coopes.
In 1922 Guise was commissioned as a Justice of the Peace for Gloucestershire, and in 1926 was “pricked” (appointed) as High Sheriff of the county.
On 23 January 1924, Guise married Nina Margaret Sophie Grant, a daughter of Sir James Augustus Grant, first (and last) Baronet, and they had three children, Philippa Margaret (born 1926), John Grant (1927–2007), later 7th Baronet, and Christopher James Guise (born 1930), later 8th Baronet. Their daughter Philippa married Alastair Hugh Joseph Fraser, of Moniack Castle, the eldest son of Major Alastair Fraser and Lady Sibyl Grimston. Between 1951 and 1964 they had four sons and two daughters.
# Thorvald Boeck

Thorvald Olaf Boeck (August 15, 1835 – April 21, 1901) was a Norwegian jurist, civil servant, and book collector. He is known for assembling what was the largest private library of its time in Norway.

## Book collection

Boeck acquired his first book at the age of nine. He received his examen artium in 1854 from Heltberg High School and his candidate of law degree in 1860 from Royal Frederick University. At that time, he had collected 2,000 books and had worked for a few years as a stipendiary magistrate in Namdalen before returning to his native Kristiania and a new job as a copying clerk at the Ministry of Church and Education in 1863. In 1864 he won the H.R.H. Crown Prince Gold Medal for a thesis on prices of wood and fish. In 1874 Boeck was promoted to royal envoy. He headed the Oslo Workers' Society from 1877 to 1879, and he chaired the "flag meeting" on March 13, 1879, where the participants considered a new tricolor flag as proposed by Hagbard Emanuel Berner.
After marrying in 1866, Boeck relocated to a larger detached residence at Professor Dahls gate (Professor Dahl Street) no. 29, where he had room for his large book collection. However, space was limited, and he sold 754 volumes to the National Library of Iceland.
In 1899, Boeck sold 31,467 books for NOK 25,000 to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in Trondheim together with a large number of maps, letters, and 610 manuscripts. The sales contract specified that the collection could not be split up. Most of the material was incorporated into the Gunnerus Library and, among other things, was an important addition to its collection of autographs. Today the collection is largely intact and is called the Thorvald Boeck Collection (Thorvald Boecks boksamling) with its own collection of handwritten material. Among other items, it includes:
* A first edition of Saxo Grammaticus's Gesta Danorum from 1514
* A Ludvig Holberg collection consisting of 300 volumes and four letters
* Much work by Henrik Ibsen
* Material by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, including a handwritten draft of "Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
* A Henrik Wergeland collection consisting of 100 volumes plus some manuscripts, including a draft of "Til min gyldenlak" (To My Wallflower)

## Family

Boeck was the son of the natural scientist and zoologist Christian Peder Bianco Boeck (1798–1877). He was born in the Calmeyerløkken neighborhood of Kristiania (now Oslo) and grew up in Kristiania with his brothers, including the marine biologist Jonas Axel Boeck (1833–1873). In 1866 Boeck married Julie Pauline Louise Maschmann (1841–1923), the daughter of the priest Bernt Sverdrup Maschmann (1805–1869). In 1889, Boeck's daughter Elisabeth (1868–1958) married the architect Herman Backer (1856–1932). Boeck's daughter Antoinette Augusta (1871–1939) married the wholesale merchant Jacob Christian Just Schram (1870–1952). The sculptor and painter Dagfin Werenskiold (1892–1977) married Boeck's granddaughter Elisabeth Mathilde Schram (1897–1989).

## Legacy

In the National Gallery there is a painting by Harriet Backer portraying Boeck's private library in 1902.
# Sissonne

Sissonne (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is about 20 km east of Laon, close to the source of the river Souche.
The community dates back to the 12th century with the first church built c.1107.
The sculptor and engraver Guillaume Dupré was born at Sissonne c.1576.
There has been a military camp at Sissonne since 1895, with British and German military cemeteries from World War I nearby.
The politician Nicolas Fricoteaux was born at Sissonne in 1962.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,040 | — |
| 1800 | 1,094 | +0.73% |
| 1806 | 1,074 | −0.31% |
| 1821 | 1,209 | +0.79% |
| 1831 | 1,315 | +0.84% |
| 1836 | 1,323 | +0.12% |
| 1841 | 1,403 | +1.18% |
| 1846 | 1,372 | −0.45% |
| 1851 | 1,450 | +1.11% |
| 1856 | 1,502 | +0.71% |
| 1861 | 1,509 | +0.09% |
| 1866 | 1,455 | −0.73% |
| 1872 | 1,430 | −0.29% |
| 1876 | 1,551 | +2.05% |
| 1881 | 1,517 | −0.44% |
| 1886 | 1,527 | +0.13% |
| 1891 | 1,482 | −0.60% |
| 1896 | 1,443 | −0.53% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 1,679 | +3.08% |
| 1906 | 1,737 | +0.68% |
| 1911 | 1,980 | +2.65% |
| 1921 | 2,114 | +0.66% |
| 1926 | 3,161 | +8.38% |
| 1931 | 6,327 | +14.89% |
| 1936 | 8,271 | +5.50% |
| 1946 | 1,742 | −14.42% |
| 1954 | 2,789 | +6.06% |
| 1962 | 2,162 | −3.13% |
| 1968 | 2,405 | +1.79% |
| 1975 | 2,303 | −0.62% |
| 1982 | 2,229 | −0.47% |
| 1990 | 2,315 | +0.47% |
| 1999 | 2,113 | −1.01% |
| 2007 | 2,196 | +0.48% |
| 2012 | 2,070 | −1.17% |
| 2017 | 2,055 | −0.15% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Mount Ivohibe gecko

The Mount Ivohibe gecko (Lygodactylus montanus) is a species of gecko endemic to southeastern Madagascar.
# Sixten Franzén

A. Sixten Franzén (26 November 1919 – 15 March 2008) was a Swedish scientist, and a leading cancer researcher of the 1950s and 1960s. He pioneered fine-needle aspiration cytology, in which suspected cancer cells are removed through a very fine needle for examination under a microscope.
Sixten Franzén was born in Västra Ryd parish [sv] in Östergötland County. After passing his studentexamen in Gävle, he studied medicine at Uppsala University and did practical work at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, where he continued to work for most of his career. He became a Bachelor of medical sciences in 1943, an MD in 1949, and after being recruited to work in Radiumhemmet, the university's oncology clinic, docent in radiotherapy and tumor diagnosis in 1968. On his retirement from the Karolinska University Hospital he was awarded the title of professor; he continued as a researcher for another twelve years, at Radiumhemmet and then at the Norwegian Radium Hospital in Oslo.
Franzén was trained in hematology-oncology rather than cytology, but pioneered fine-cell aspiration cytology as a method of diagnosing cancer after noticing that he could sometimes recognize metastatic cancer cells in liver biopsies. He also invented a pistol-grip handle to make aspiration of cell samples easier, and a method of trans-rectal sampling of prostate masses. Colleagues originally criticized him for practicing pseudoscience, but scientific opinion gradually swung to approve the technique; of three groups who developed it independently, his attracted the most attention for their publications. In 2006 he was declared International Cytopathologist of the Year.
He married Elsa Hedberg in 1944; they had five children.

## Selected publications

* with Joseph Linsk, Clinical Aspiration Cytology, Lippincott, 1983

## Sources

* "Franzén, A Sixten", Vem är Vem? Stor-Stockholm ed., 1962 online at Project Runeberg
* Jerry Waisman MD, Lambert Skoog MD, PhD, Edneia Tani MD, "Sixten Franzen, MD, PhD, Honorary Professor, 1919–2008", Cancer Cytopathology 114(5) 285–86, 25 October 2008, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23795
* Utvald att leva (English: Chosen to live), Bonniers 1996, by Jerzy Einhorn, who worked with Franzén.
* This article about a Swedish scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sixten

Sixten, Sigsten or Sighsten is a masculine given name of Swedish origin. The name is derived from the Old Swedish words sigher (victory) and sten (stone). It is earliest attested in a runestone as sikstain. People named Sixten include:
* Sixten Boström (born 1963), Finnish football player and manager
* Sixten Ehrling (1918–2005), Swedish conductor
* Sixten Franzén (1919–2008), Swedish scientist, inventor of pointcytology
* Sighsten Herrgård (1943–1989), Finnish-born Swedish fashion designer
* Sixten Isberg (1921–2012), Swedish alpine skier
* Sixten Jansson (1913–2006), Swedish canoeist
* Sixten Jernberg (1929–2012), Swedish cross-country skier
* Sixten Johansson (1910–1991), Swedish ski jumper
* Sixten Larsson (1918–1995), Swedish track athlete
* Sixten Mohlin (born 1996), Swedish footballer
* Sixten Kai Nielsen (born 1978), Danish artist
* Sixten Korkman (born 1948), Finnish economist
* Sixten Ringbom (1935–1992), Finnish art historian
* Sixten Sason (1912–1967), Swedish industrial designer
* Sixten Sild (born 1964), Estonian orienteer
* Sixten Sparre (1854–1889), Swedish dragoon lieutenant
* Sixten Sundström (1897–1960), Swedish track and field athlete
* Sixten Veit (born 1970), German football player
* Sixten Wackström (born 1960), Finnish cyclist
# Sir William Tomlinson, 1st Baronet

Sir William Edward Murray Tomlinson, 1st Baronet, DL (4 August 1838 – 17 December 1912) was an English lawyer, colliery owner and Conservative politician.
Tomlinson was born at Heysham House in the Lancaster registration district in Lancashire and became a barrister. He was a twin, his twin sister Ellen died on 6 January 1919. He was living at 3 Richmond Terrace Richmond from 1868 until his death, although his gravestone suggests he returned to Heysham. He was part owner of the Worsley Mesnes Colliery Company.
Tomlinson was elected as member of parliament for Preston in 1882, and held the seat until 1906. In the 1900 election he was challenged unsuccessfully by Keir Hardie. It was announced that he would receive a baronetcy in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902 for the (subsequently postponed) coronation of King Edward VII, and on 24 July 1902 he was created a Baronet, of Richmond terrace, Whitehall, in the city of Westminster, in the county of London. At the end of March, 1903, Tomlinson was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Lancashire.
Winston Churchill was challenged to fisticuffs when he referred to Tomlinson as "a miserable old man".
Tomlinson never married and on his death at the age of 74 the baronetcy became extinct.
# Wright Butler

Wright Butler was a prominent American architect in Cumberland, Maryland.
Born as the son of a furniture manufacturer, Butler studied architecture at the Maryland Institute of Baltimore for three years beginning in 1888. At the Institute, Butler familiarized himself with fashionable architectural styles of the time like Richardsonian Romanesque and Queen Anne Architecture.
Upon his return to Cumberland in 1891, the young architect opened an office, working mainly on residential designs. In 1893, Butler received his first large commission, the Allegany County Courthouse.
Other Butler designs include:
* the Cumberland Masonic Temple
* the Cumberland Liberty Bank Building
* the George Truog House.
His designs still dominate the Cumberland skyline today. (Paul et al. 2003)

## Wright Butler House

Constructed around 1896, the Wright Butler House is a unique example of Queen Anne architecture. Developed in England, the Queen Anne style first appeared in Rhode Island in 1874. American architectural magazines and pattern books quickly popularized the style. In England, architects used a combination of masonry and timber work, but most American Queen Anne homes are all-wood construction.
Wright Butler's Queen Anne design therefore stands as an unusual masonry example of the style. Using the classic "asymmetrical" feel of most Queen Anne designs, the street view is dominated by a three bay window arrangement that juts out from the rest of the building. The three bay window, repeated on the second and third stories, creates the appearance of a "tower," an oft repeated stylistic element in many Queen Anne buildings. The front porch is decorated with elaborate wooden spindle work.
The Wright Butler House is currently a private residence and not open to the public.
# 35.5 cm Haubitze M1

The 35.5 cm Haubitze M1 was a German siege howitzer. It was developed by Rheinmetall before World War II to meet the German Army's request for a super-heavy howitzer. Eight were produced between 1939 and 1944. It saw service in the Battle of France and spent the rest of the war on the Eastern Front, saw action in Operation Barbarossa, the siege of Sevastopol, the siege of Leningrad and helped to put down the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.

## Description

The Haubitze M1 was best described as an enlarged 24 cm Kanone 3. It used many of the same design principles as the smaller weapon including the dual-recoil system and a two-part carriage capable of all-around traverse when mounted on its firing platform. It also disassembled into six loads for transport. The loads were cradle, barrel, top carriage, bottom carriage, front platform and turntable and the rear platform. Each piece on its trailer was towed by a 18 t (18 long tons; 20 short tons) Sd.Kfz. 9 half-track. A seventh half-track towed the gantry crane required to assemble the weapon. The gantry crane (powered by a generator on its towing vehicle) would be erected at the new firing position and would take about two hours to assemble the entire weapon.
The howitzer's dual recoil system meant that the barrel in its ring cradle would recoil on the carriage while the carriage would recoil, in turn, on the firing platform. The recoil for both parts was controlled by hydro-pneumatic cylinders. Its elevation gear and ammunition hoist were electrically powered from the generator, although both could be used manually if necessary. Only a 575 kg (1,268 lb) concrete-piercing shell (Betongranate) with a ballistic cap was ever used by this weapon. It used 234.2 kilograms (516 lb) of propellant in four increments to reach a range of 20,850 metres (22,800 yd).

## Combat history

During the Battle of France one howitzer equipped Super-Heavy Artillery Battery (schwerster Artillerie-Batterie) 810 under the command of I Corps, Army Group B. It bombarded Belgian fortifications of the PFL I Line after the fall of Fort Eben-Emael on the first day of the battle. The battery was absorbed by Heavy Artillery Battalion 641 as its first battery on 27 July 1940 and it fought with that battalion on the Eastern Front during Operation Barbarossa where it initially was assigned to the 9th Army, Army Group Center. In 1942 it participated in the assault on Sevastopol under the command of 11th Army of Army Group South. It accompanied that army north to Leningrad during the summer of 1942 so that it could participate in the siege of Leningrad. Soviet efforts to relieve the siege frustrated several German attempts to consolidate their positions there, but the battalion remained there through the beginning of 1944. It participated in the German efforts to suppress the Warsaw Uprising in August—September 1944.
Surviving records identify no more than one howitzer in service at any one time even though five were delivered in 1942 and a few others in the following years.
# Scheherazade New

Scheherazade New, formerly Scheherazade, is a traditional Naskh styled font for Arabic script created by SIL, freely available under the Open Font License. It supports a wide range of Arabic-based writing system encoded in Unicode. The font offers two family members: regular and bold.
Scheherazade New supports Graphite and OpenType technologies for contextual shaping, ligatures, and dynamic diacritics positioning, also provides advanced rendering features including localized forms, character variants. It is licensed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL), and can be downloaded free of charge.

## Demonstration

Comparison of both versions at 400% size :
| Scheherazade | ـݢـ ـࢴـ ـݣـ‎ ـࢰـ |
| Scheherazade New | ـݢـ ـࢴـ ـݣـ‎ ـࢰـ |
| SF Arabic | ـݢـ ـࢴـ ـݣـ‎ ـࢰـ |
Notice that the earlier version looks smaller, but nevertheless has a more complete coverage of some rare characters and only one character failed to render properly. SF Arabic is here to demonstrate how the letters are supposed to look like; available to Apple users and has a complete Arabic coverage.
For this demonstration to succeed, you need to install both fonts or import them from the web. Scheherazade is already a Wikimedia font, while Scheherazade New is available on Google Fonts.
# Peter Ventress

Peter John Ventress (born 3 December 1960) is a British businessman who has been non-executive chairman of Galliford Try since 2016. He became Chairman of Bunzl in April 2020.
He was educated at St Joseph's College, Upper Norwood, Greyfriars, Oxford (BA Modern History and Modern Languages, 1983), and the Open University (MBA 1993). He was CEO of Corporate Express NV from 2007 to 2008, President of Staples International from 2008 to 2009, and CEO of Berendsen from 2010 to 2015.
# Mercantouria

Mercantouria is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. It contains only one species, Mercantouria neli, which is known only from a small area of the French Hautes-Alpes and Alpes-Maritimes. The habitat is dominated by subalpine scree and grassland on limestone soil at altitudes ranging from about 1,750 to 2,100 metres above sea level.
The length of the forewings is 5.1–5.8 mm. The forewings are pale ochre yellow with small spots or suffusion of dark brown, mostly along the discoidal cell and sometimes forming, in the apical third of the wing, an irregular fascia. The hindwings are light ochre-greyish. Adults have been recorded on wing from mid- to late July.

## Etymology

The generic name refers to the region of Mercantour National Park and the species name honours Dr. Jacques Nel (La Ciotat, France) who independently recognized and collected the species.
# Zero crossing

A zero-crossing is a point where the sign of a mathematical function changes (e.g. from positive to negative), represented by an intercept of the axis (zero value) in the graph of the function. It is a commonly used term in electronics, mathematics, acoustics, and image processing.

## In electronics

In alternating current, the zero-crossing is the instantaneous point at which there is no voltage present. In a sine wave or other simple waveform, this normally occurs twice during each cycle. It is a device for detecting the point where the voltage crosses zero in either direction.
The zero-crossing is important for systems that send digital data over AC circuits, such as modems, X10 home automation control systems, and Digital Command Control type systems for Lionel and other AC model trains.
Counting zero-crossings is also a method used in speech processing to estimate the fundamental frequency of speech.
In a system where an amplifier with digitally controlled gain is applied to an input signal, artifacts in the non-zero output signal occur when the gain of the amplifier is abruptly switched between its discrete gain settings. At audio frequencies, such as in modern consumer electronics like digital audio players, these effects are clearly audible, resulting in a 'zipping' sound when rapidly ramping the gain or a soft 'click' when a single gain change is made. Artifacts are disconcerting and clearly not desirable. If changes are made only at zero-crossings of the input signal, then no matter how the amplifier gain setting changes, the output also remains at zero, thereby minimizing the change. (The instantaneous change in gain will still produce distortion, but it will not produce a click.)
If electrical power is to be switched, no electrical interference is generated if switched at an instant when there is no current—a zero crossing. Early light dimmers and similar devices generated interference; later versions were designed to switch at the zero crossing.

## In signal processing

In the field of digital image processing, great emphasis is placed on operators that seek out edges within an image. They are called edge detection or gradient filters. A gradient filter is a filter that seeks out areas of rapid change in pixel value. These points usually mark an edge or a boundary. A Laplace filter is a filter that fits in this family, though it sets about the task in a different way. It seeks out points in the signal stream where the digital signal of an image passes through a pre-set '0' value, and marks this out as a potential edge point. Because the signal has crossed through the point of zero, it is called a zero-crossing. An example can be found here, including the source in Java.
In the field of industrial radiography, it is used as a simple method for the segmentation of potential defects.
In the field of NLP, the rate of zero crossings observed in a spectrogram can be used to distinguish between certain phonemes such as fricatives, voiceless stops, and vowels.
# Mōryō no Yurikago

Mōryō no Yurikago (魍魎の揺りかご, Mōryō no Yurikago, "Cradle of Monsters") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kei Sanbe. The series ran from 2010 to 2012 published by Square Enix and serialized in their Young Gangan magazine. The series has been published in French by Ki-oon under the title Le Berceau des Esprits.
The series focuses on a group of students trapped on a capsized sunken ship at the bottom of the ocean while they fight for survival against an isolated zombie outbreak and try to escape with their lives and sanity intact.

## Reception

The manga has a staff rating of 14.5 on the French manga website manga-news.com.
# Wedderburn's theorem

Wedderburn's theorem may refer to:
* Artin–Wedderburn theorem, classifying semisimple rings and semisimple algebras
* Wedderburn's theorem on simple rings with a unit and a minimal left ideal
* Wedderburn's little theorem, that a finite domain is a commutative field