OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anna Parzymies

Anna Parzymies (b. 5 January 1939 in Sofia, Bulgaria) is a Polish arabist, doctor of oriental studies, and professor at Warsaw University.

## Biography

Anna Parzymies finished secondary school and college in Sofia, Bulgaria. During 1957–1962, she studied at the Faculty of Turkish Philology at the University of Sofia. In 1962, she received a Bulgarian government grant to study Arabic at the Bourguiba Institute of Modern Languages, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia. In 1971, she received a master's degree at the Faculty of Foreign Languages at Warsaw University. In 1978, she was awarded a Ph.D. degree at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Following habilitation in 1992, she was awarded a postdoctoral degree in the humanities, in the field of Turkic linguistics. Her main research interests include language contacts between Turkic and Slavic peoples and the cultures of Muslim communities.
She specializes in three areas of research:
* Islam in Europe (primarily as relates to the Maghreb minorities in France; Chechens, Ingush, Tatars, and other Muslim communities in the Russian Federation; Albanians and Bosnian Muslims in the Balkans);
* Arabic sociolinguistics and, in particular, the Turkish influences on spoken Arabic;
* Methodology of historical linguistics, with an emphasis on the Altaic language group.
Parzymies is also the creator and founder of Dialog Academic Publishing, a Polish publishing company started in 1992. The company specializes in publications that are related to Africa and Asia or are written by authors from the area. Fiction published includes classical Sanskrit poetry, modern Chinese poetry, and novels written by North African authors. It has also published a number of European authors. A considerable part of its output is related to religion and Oriental languages.

## Awards and honours

* Parzymies is the founder of the Department of European Islam Studies at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of Warsaw University. In 2009, at a ceremony in Paris, she received the UNESCO-Sharjah Prize for Arab Culture.
* in 2018, she received an Ordre des Arts et des Lettres with the rank of Officier for the production of French works of art and literature.

## Selected publications

* Anthroponymie algérienne. Noms de famille moderne d'origine turque, (PWN, 1985)
* Encyklopedia. Świat w przekroju 1988 [The world in 1988. Encyclopedia], (coauthor, Wiedza Powszechna, 1989)
* Język protobułgarski. Przyczynek do rekonstrukcji na podstawie porównań turecko-słowiańskich [A contribution to the reconstruction of the Bulgar language on the basis of Turkic-Slavic comparisons], (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 1994)
* Język czuwaski [The Chuvash language], (Wydawnictwo Akademickie "Dialog", 2000).
# Saltängen

Saltängen is a part of Norrköping, Sweden.
The Swedish Maritime Administration and the Swedish Prison and Probation Service are located in Saltängen.
58°35′45.73″N 16°11′45.27″E﻿ / ﻿58.5960361°N 16.1959083°E﻿ / 58.5960361; 16.1959083
* This article about a location in Östergötland County, Sweden is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shepherds Flat, Victoria

Shepherds Flat is a locality in central Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Hepburn, 122 kilometres (76 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne.
There is no town. The main thoroughfare is the Hepburn-Newstead Road which, despite its name, runs between Hepburn, Victoria and Franklinford, Victoria.
At the 2016 census, Shepherds Flat had a population of 66.
# Marianówek

Marianówek may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Marianówek, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Marianówek, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
# Metasia comealis

Metasia comealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1961 and is found in Iran.
# Wergeland Township, Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota

Wergeland Township is a township in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 201 at the 2000 census.

## History

Wergeland Township was originally called Union Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1879. Less than one month later, the name Wergeland was adopted, after Henrik Wergeland, a Norwegian writer, playwright, historian and linguist.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 33.9 square miles (87.8 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 201 people, 72 households, and 58 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.9 people per square mile (2.3/km$^2$). There were 74 housing units at an average density of 2.2/sq mi (0.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.50% White, and 0.50% from two or more races.
There were 72 households, out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,250, and the median income for a family was $46,071. Males had a median income of $29,583 versus $18,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,341. About 5.4% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# SS Tynwald (1866)

SS (RMS) Tynwald (II), No. 45474, was an iron paddle-steamer which served with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, and was the second vessel in the Company to bear the name.
She was the third of three sisters to come from the Greenock yards of Caird & Co., her two older siblings being Snaefell and Douglas.

## Dimensions.

Tynwald had a registered tonnage of 696 GRT. Length 240'; beam 26'; depth 14'. Tynwald had an operating speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and her engines developed 1,300 shp (970 kW).

## Service life.

Built by Caird & Co of Greenock, and launched on Saturday 17 March 1866, Tynwald cost the Company £26,000 (equivalent to £3,042,413 in 2023). Both funnels were situated aft of the paddle boxes, with the main mast close to the after funnel.
Tynwald and her sisters were considered fast vessels. Indeed, her older sister Snaefell, is recorded as having made the passage from Douglas to Liverpool in 4hrs 20 minutes, which would suggest a speed in excess of 15 knots. On 15 June 1873, Tynwald collided with the steamship Sirius and the tug Guiding Star in the Sloyne. On 6 October 1874, she collided with the sailing ship Annie Frost in the River Mersey. On 6 December 1877, the brigantine Cerduc collided with a barque 20 nautical miles (37 km) north west of the Bar Lightship and was damaged. Tynwald answered her distress signal and towed Cerdic in to Liverpool.
In 1882 Tynwald had a thorough overhaul. She was fitted with new boilers, surface condenser and new decks, which with repairs to the engines cost £11,219 (equivalent to £1,427,272 in 2023). On 21 February 1885, she discovered the abandoned hulk Jung Frau 8 nautical miles (15 km) off Douglas and towed her in to that port. The next day she discovered Gloriosa derelict and towed her in to Douglas.
Tynwald was designed to carry a mixture of passengers and cargo. Her designation as a Royal Mail Ship (RMS) indicated that she carried mail under contract with the Royal Mail. A specified area was allocated for the storage of letters, parcels and specie (bullion, coins and other valuables). In addition, there was a considerable quantity of regular cargo, ranging from furniture to foodstuffs.

## Disposal

After an uneventful career, Tynwald was disposed of in 1888.
Both Tynwald and her older sister Douglas were sold at auction, and raised the combined sum of £26,644 (equivalent to £3,748,910 in 2023).

## Official number and code letters

Official numbers are issued by individual flag states. They should not be confused with IMO ship identification numbers. Tynwald had the UK Official Number 45474 and used the Code Letters H R T J .
# Ostrovul Mare, Islaz

Ostrovul Mare is a natural reserve, an island on the Danube together with Ostrovul Calnovăț, in the proximity of Islaz, Teleorman County, Romania. On the island is breeding a colony of pygmy cormorant.
# Sabine Werner

Sabine Werner (born 5 September 1960) is a German biochemist and professor.

## Biography

Sabine Werner was born on 5 September 1960 in Tübingen, Germany. She attended Universities of Tubingen and Munich where she studied Biochemistry. Her PhD was in cancer research at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, completed in 1989. Werner then went to the University of California San Francisco working on growth factor action and tissue repair. Werner took a position as group leader at the Max-Planck-Institute from 1993 to 1999 while also working as an Associate Professor in the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.In 1999 Werner became the Professor of Cell Biology at ETH Zürich. Werner was awarded the Pfizer Academic Award in 1998.

## Research

Werner is known for her research on tissue regeneration, especially focusing on growth factors and reactive oxygen species. Her research has potential applications to the study of cancer.

## Selected publications

* Gurtner, Geoffrey C.; Werner, Sabine; Barrandon, Yann; Longaker, Michael T. (May 2008). "Wound repair and regeneration" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7193): 314–321. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..314G. doi:10.1038/nature07039. PMID 18480812. S2CID 205213660.
* Werner, Sabine; Grose, Richard (July 2003). "Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines". Physiological Reviews. 83 (3): 835–870. doi:10.1152/physrev.2003.83.3.835. PMID 12843410.
* Werner, S.; Peters, K. G.; Longaker, M. T.; Fuller-Pace, F.; Banda, M. J.; Williams, L. T. (1 August 1992). "Large induction of keratinocyte growth factor expression in the dermis during wound healing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 89 (15): 6896–6900. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.6896W. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6896. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 49611. PMID 1379725.

## Awards

* Elected member, European Academy of Sciences (2020)
* Elected member, European Molecular Biology Organization (2012)
* Elected member, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (2011)

## Sources

* 1 2 3 "Leopoldina CV, Sabine Werner" (PDF). Retrieved October 5, 2021.
* ↑ "External Speaker - Professor Sabine Werner". Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute.
* ↑ "Prof. Dr. Sabine Werner". www.helmholtz.de.
* ↑ "Wundheilung detailliert aufgeschlüsselt". idw-online.de.
* ↑ Switzerl, Address ETH Zürich Dep of Biology Prof Dr Sabine Werner Inst f Molecular Health Sciences HPL F. 12 Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich. "Werner, Sabine, Prof. Dr. | ETH Zurich". biol.ethz.ch.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* ↑ Switzerl, ETH Zurich Inst f Molecular Health Sciences Prof Dr Sabine Werner Deputy head of Dep of Biology HPL F. 12 Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich. "Prof. Dr. Sabine Werner". mhs.biol.ethz.ch.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* ↑ "European Academy of Sciences - Sabine Werner". www.eurasc.org. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
* ↑ "EMBO Communities - Sabine Werner". people.embo.org. 2012. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
* This article about a German biochemist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mark Ellen

Mark Ellen (born 16 September 1953) is a British magazine editor, journalist and broadcaster.

## Early life

Ellen was born in Fleet, Hampshire, England. Whilst at Oxford University in the 1970s, he briefly played bass alongside Tony Blair in college band Ugly Rumours, a band that, according to Ellen, was created primarily to meet women.

## Career

After graduating, he wrote for Record Mirror, NME and Time Out before signing up as Features Editor of Smash Hits in 1981, where he became the editor in 1983. He was the launch editor of Q, the re-launch editor of Select and the launch managing editor of Mojo. He later became the editor-in-chief of EMAP Metro overseeing 14 consumer magazines, but he left Emap after 16 years to join the independent publishing company Development Hell in 2002.
He also has a long broadcasting career which includes contributions to BBC Radio 1 as stand-ins for David "Kid" Jensen and John Peel. He presented the BBC's The Old Grey Whistle Test from 1982 to 1987. He also co-presented the Live Aid TV broadcast in 1985.
Ellen was the editor of The Word, a music magazine which he started with long-time colleague, business partner and The Old Grey Whistle Test co-presenter David Hepworth. The first issue was published in February 2003 and the magazine celebrated its 50th issue in March 2007. The closure of the magazine was announced in June 2012. His awards include the PPA's Magazine Of The Year for Q and the British Society Of Magazine Editors' Mark Boxer Award in 2003. He won also the BSME's Editor's Editor Award in 2005 and again in 2011.
He now collaborates with Hepworth on Word In Your Ear, a series of music-themed live events and podcasts.
In 2014, his memoir Rock Stars Stole My Life! was published by Coronet.

## Personal life

Ellen lives in West London. He is a keen diver and cyclist.
# Velocity time integral

Velocity Time Integral is a clinical Doppler ultrasound measurement of blood flow, equivalent to the area under the velocity time curve. The product of VTI (cm/stroke) and the cross sectional area of a valve (cm2) yields a stroke volume (cm3/stroke), which can be used to calculate cardiac output. VTI can be performed across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), carotid artery, or other blood vessels.
LVOT VTI can be incorporated into a POCUS examination to determine the etiology of shock or to predict fluid responsiveness. LVOT VTI can also be used to monitor cardiac output intra-operatively, or as method to precisely quantify cardiac output in patients with advanced heart failure.
# Marion Flanagan

Marion Don Flanagan (March 27, 1924 – March 1, 2002) was an American football player. He was born in Sweetwater, Texas, played high school football there, and was one of the top high school players in the state. He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies football team as a halfback, quarterback, and fullback from 1942 to 1943 and in 1946. He led the NCAA major colleges in 1942 with 403 receiving yards. Flanagan sustained a knee injury in 1943 that prematurely ended his season, nonetheless he was named 2nd Team All-Southwest Conference. After the 1943 season, Flanagan spent two-and-a-half years serving in the United States Navy during World War II. After his discharge, he returned to Texas A&M and was one of the leading punt returners in the 1946 season. He opted not to return to football in 1947, stating that he was retiring from the game due to the lingering impact of the knee injury he sustained in 1943. In September 1947, Flanagan married Janette Butts. He also served as an assistant football coach at Texas A&M in 1947.
# Čistěves

Čistěves is a municipality and village in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
# Antigonus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Antigonus (/ænˈtɪɡənəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος means 'comparable to his father, worthy of his father') was one of the suitors of Penelope who came from Dulichium along with other 56 wooers. He, with the other suitors, was killed by Odysseus with the help of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.
# Viktor Nechaev

Viktor Valeryevich Nechaev (Виктор Валерьевич Нечаев; born 22 September 1972 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian rugby league footballer and rugby union coach, who played for RC Lokomotiv Moscow in the Championship of Russia competition. He is the coach of the Olymp club and of the Youth Sports School of Lokomotiv.
He first played for Slava Moscow and won nine Russian rugby league titles as part of RC Lokomotiv Moscow. He is a Master of Sports of Russia and graduated from the State Central Institute of Physical Culture of the Order of Lenin. As part of the Russian national side, he participated in the 2000 World Cup.
# Shotaro Kaneda

Shotaro Kaneda may refer to:
* Shotaro Kaneda (Akira)
* Shotaro Kaneda from Tetsujin 28-go
# Wembley Park Cricket Ground

Wembley Park Cricket Ground was a cricket ground in Wembley Park, Wembley, London (formerly Middlesex). The first and only recorded match on the ground was in 1896, when Wembley Park Cricket Club played the touring Australians in what was Wembley Park's only appearance in first-class cricket. The ground was located in the northern area of Wembley Park. The whole area where it was situated was developed for the British Empire Exhibition and Wembley Stadium, and where the ground stood is today covered by the Wembley Retail Park.
# West Nalaut Island

West Nalaut Island is an island in northern Palawan, in the Philippines. It is the westernmost of the Calamian Islands, and can form a guide to shipping entering the Coron West Passage. It is approximately 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) off the western coast of Busuanga Island, which is approximately a 40-minute flight from Manila. The uninhabited 47.9-hectare (0.479 km$^2$) island is privately owned. It was attempted to be sold as part of the HGTV show "Island Hunters".
West Nalaut Island has a 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) crescent–shaped white sand beach, 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) of coastline, several smaller beach coves, 80-metre (260 ft)-high cliffs, and rainforest coverage. It is a 30-minute speedboat journey from 12 World War II wreck dives and local towns.
The asking price in 2022 was USD ~7m. The island was used in the Million Dollar Island TV series.
# Siglo XXI

Siglo XXI (Spanish for 21st century) may refer to:

## Media

* Diario Siglo XXI, a newspaper from the Valencian Community
* Siglo Veintiuno, a Guatemalan newspaper
* Siglo XXI, former name of the Argentine newspaper El Siglo, published in Tucumán
* Siglo XXI (publisher), a Spanish-language book publisher with business presences in Spain, Argentina, and Mexico

## Other uses

* Auditorio Siglo XXI, in Puebla, Mexico
* Siglo XXI Convention Centre, in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
* Siglo XXI (Madrid Metro), a station on Line ML-3
# Symplectization

In mathematics, the symplectization of a contact manifold is a symplectic manifold which naturally corresponds to it.

## Definition

Let $(V,\xi )$ be a contact manifold, and let $x\in V$. Consider the set
    $S_{x}V=\{\beta \in T_{x}^{*}V-\{0\}\mid \ker \beta =\xi _{x}\}\subset T_{x}^{*}V$
of all nonzero 1-forms at $x$, which have the contact plane $\xi _{x}$ as their kernel. The union
    $SV=\bigcup _{x\in V}S_{x}V\subset T^{*}V$
is a symplectic submanifold of the cotangent bundle of $V$, and thus possesses a natural symplectic structure.
The projection $\pi :SV\to V$ supplies the symplectization with the structure of a principal bundle over $V$ with structure group $\mathbb {R} ^{*}\equiv \mathbb {R} -\{0\}$.

## The coorientable case

When the contact structure $\xi$ is cooriented by means of a contact form $\alpha$, there is another version of symplectization, in which only forms giving the same coorientation to $\xi$ as $\alpha$ are considered:
    $S_{x}^{+}V=\{\beta \in T_{x}^{*}V-\{0\}\,|\,\beta =\lambda \alpha ,\,\lambda >0\}\subset T_{x}^{*}V,$
    $S^{+}V=\bigcup _{x\in V}S_{x}^{+}V\subset T^{*}V.$
Note that $\xi$ is coorientable if and only if the bundle $\pi :SV\to V$ is trivial. Any section of this bundle is a coorienting form for the contact structure.
# USS Gloucester

USS Gloucester has been the name of two ships in the United States Navy.
* USS Gloucester (1891), a gunboat built in 1891 that served during the Spanish–American War
* USS Gloucester (PF-22), a Tacoma-class frigate launched in 1943
# Anthony Meagher

Anthony John Meagher (born 4 September 1953) is a judge of the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, the highest court in the State of New South Wales, Australia, which forms part of the Australian court hierarchy.

## Education

Meagher was educated at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview. He graduated in 1976 from the University of New South Wales with a degree in Law and Commerce.

## Career

Meagher joined Minter Simpson in 1976 as a solicitor. He was called to the bar in 1982, and became Senior Counsel in 1995.
On 10 August 2011, Meagher was sworn in as a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and as a Judge of Appeal.
# Salter Science

Salter Science was a brand of science kits sold by Thomas Salter Ltd., a Scotland-based company which manufactured toys and science activity kits for children. Kits included activities with electricity, microscopy, magnetism and crystal gardens, but the company is probably best known for their chemistry sets. The company also produced other items such as an "Adventure Kit" consisting of a water bottle, compass, toy binoculars and a real working camera. Some toys were related to TV series, such as the 'KOJAK' ACTION PACK and the PROFESSIONALS CRIMEBUSTER KIT. It also produced crafts plaster moulding sets Frog & Owl.
Thomas Salter Ltd. was founded in London in 1913, moved to Glenrothes, Fife, and closed in 1992.
Chemistry sets from Salter Science included a various number of chemicals, which were numbered, so that the numbers were the same across the sets. Some of the chemicals included were:
* Copper sulfate
* Sodium carbonate
* Calcium oxychloride
* Iron filings
* Calcium hydroxide
* Sodium hydrogen sulfate
* Tartaric acid
* Methyl orange
* Ferrous sulfate
* Ammonium carbonate
* Magnesium ribbon
* Copper wire
* Ammonium chloride
* Sodium thiosulfate
* Sodium perborate
* Cobalt chloride
* Potassium iodide
* Soluble starch
* Potassium iodate
* Sodium metabisulfite
* Carbon rods
* Sodium silicate
* Potassium persulfate
* Potassium chromate
* Zinc granulated
* Borax
* Iron alum
* Ion-exchange resin
* Magnesium sulfate
Also commonly included were small glass test tubes, a spatula, a funnel, corks with and without holes, glass tubes that would fit in the cork holes, a tiny glass saw to cut the tubes, a small bottle brush, test tube racks and a methylated spirit burner for heating.
The instruction manual told how to heat the glass tubes to make them bend, and also how to make them stretch and cut them in half using the glass saw in the middle of the stretch to make two pipettes.
# Wenshan Yanshan Airport

Wenshan Yanshan Airport (IATA: WNH, ICAO: ZPWS) is an airport serving Wenshan City in Yunnan Province, China. It is located 6 km from the center of Yanshan County and 25 km from Wenshan City.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| China Express Airlines | Chongqing, Kunming, Shenzhen |
| China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou |
| Sichuan Airlines | Chengdu–Tianfu |
| Spring Airlines | Shanghai–Pudong |