# 1982 California Proposition 8

Elections in California :
Federal government
U.S. President
1852
1856
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1892
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Rep
2000
Dem
Rep
2004
Dem
Rep
2008
Dem
Rep
2012
Dem
Rep
2016
Dem
Rep
2020
Dem
Rep
2024
Dem
Rep
U.S. Senate
1849
1850
1852 sp
1856
1857 sp
1860
1860 sp
1868
1872
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1873 sp
1878
1880
1885
1886 sp
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1946 sp
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1982
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1988
1992
1992 sp
1994
1998
2000
2004
2006
2010
2012
2016
2018
2022
2022 sp
2024
2024 sp
2028
U.S. House of Representatives
1849
1851
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12th
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5th sp
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32nd sp
2002
2004
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5th sp
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2007
36th sp
2008
12th sp
2009
10th sp
32nd sp
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2011
36th sp
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34th sp
2018
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25th sp
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22nd sp
2024
16th
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30th
45th
47th
vte :
State government
Executive Governor
1849
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2002
2003 (recall)
2006
2010
2014
2018
2021 (recall)
2022
2026
Lieutenant governor
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1994
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2002
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2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Attorney general
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1974
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1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Secretary of state
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1974
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1982
1986
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2022
Treasurer
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1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Controller
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1998
2002
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2010
2014
2018
2022
Insurance commissioner
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Superintendent
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1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Board of equalization
2018
2022
Legislature Senate
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2010
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2024
Special
Assembly
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2021 (79th sp)
2022 (17th sp)
2024
Special
Judiciary Court of appeals
1994
1998
2002
2006
Elections by year
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2008
Feb
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Nov
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Nov
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vte :
State propositions
1910–1919
1911
4
7
8
1960–1969
1964
14
1970–1979
1978
6
8
13
1980–1989
1982
8
1986
64
65
1988
98
99
1990–1999
1994
187
1996
196
209
215
218
1998
6
10
227
2000–2009
2000
21
22
36
39
2003
53
54
2004
1A
55
56
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60A
61
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2008
91
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94, 95, 96, and 97
98 and 99
1A
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12
2009
1A
1B
1C
1D
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1F
2010–2019
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13
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29
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1
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2020–2029
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13
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1
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1
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36
Full listvte :
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County Board of supervisors
1980
1996
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
Ballot measures
1980
A
2008
R
2012
B
J
2016
M
Elections
2020
2022
2024
Los Angeles Mayor
1896
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1900
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1906
1909 (sp)
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1911
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2022
City attorney
2009
Ballot measures
1986
U
2017
S
Elections
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019 (sp)
2020
2022
2023 (sp)
2024
Long Beach Mayor
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
vte :
Orange County
Orange County Board of supervisors
2018
2020
2022
2024
District attorney
2018
Anaheim Mayor
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Irvine Mayor
1988
1990
1992
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2002
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2024
Costa Mesa Municipal
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vte :
Sacramento
Mayor
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
vte :
San Diego County
San Diego County Board of supervisors
2020
San Diego Mayor
1887
1889
1891
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1901
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1911
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City attorney
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2020
City council
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Special
vte :
San Francisco
Mayor
1901
1903
1905
1907
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1911
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1935
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1983 (recall)
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2011
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2019
2024
District attorney
2019
2022 (recall)
2022 (sp)
2024
Board of supervisors
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1996
1998
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Board of education
2018
2022 (recall)
Elections
2004
Mar
Nov
2005
2006
Jun
Nov
2007
2008
Feb
Jun
Nov
2009
2010
Jun
Nov
2011
2012
Jun
Nov
2013
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Feb
vte :
San Jose
Mayor
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2024
vte :
Other localities
Bakersfield
Mayoral elections:
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Fresno
Mayoral elections:
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Oakland
Mayoral elections:
1994
1998
2002
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2010
2014
2018
2022
Riverside
Mayoral elections:
1997
2001
2005
2009
2012
2016
2020
2024
San Bernardino
Mayoral elections:
2005
2009
2014
2018
2022
Stockton
Mayoral elections:
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
vte :
vte :
Proposition 8 (or The Victims' Bill of Rights), a law enacted by California voters on 8 June 1982 by the initiative process, restricted the rights of convicts and those suspected of crimes and extended the rights of victims. To do so, it amended the California Constitution and ordinary statutes.

## Provisions

The Victims' Bill of Rights declared its purpose as to ensure that:
   The rights of victims pervade the criminal justice system, encompassing not only the right to restitution from the wrongdoers for financial losses suffered as a result of criminal acts, but also the more basic expectation that persons who commit felonious acts causing injury to innocent victims will be appropriately detained in custody, tried by the courts, and sufficiently punished so that the public safety is protected and encouraged as a goal of highest importance.

### Amendment of the constitution

The Victim's Bill of Rights added Section 28 to Article 1 of the constitution. This section has since been substantially added to and amended by Marsy's Law, enacted in 2008. Section 28 granted victims of crime the right to restitution from the perpetrator unless there were "compelling and extraordinary reasons" to the contrary. It also conferred a right to school safety; it reads "All students and staff of public primary, elementary, junior high and senior high schools have the inalienable right to attend campuses which are safe, secure and peaceful".
Section 28 introduced a "right to truth in evidence". This means that state courts cannot exclude any "relevant evidence" even if gathered in a manner that violates the rights of the accused. The U.S. Constitution takes priority over the California constitution so courts may still be obliged to exclude evidence under the federal Bill of Rights. In practice the law prevented the California courts from interpreting the state constitution so as to impose an exclusionary rule more strict than that required by the federal constitution. Exceptions may be made to the "truth in evidence" rule by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the California Legislature.
Section 28 provided that public safety should be the primary consideration in determining whether to grant bail. The Victims' Bill of Rights proposed to repeal Article 1, Section 12, which contained the existing constitutional provisions on bail, but this conflicted with another proposition enacted on the same day. The other proposition received a higher number of votes and so, under the California constitution, it took precedence. Section 28 finally provided that prior felony convictions "shall subsequently be used without limitation for purposes of impeachment or enhancement of sentence in any criminal proceeding".

### Statutory changes

The Victims' Bill of Rights made various changes to the California Penal Code and the Welfare and Institutions Code. Victims of crime were granted the right to be notified of, to attend, and to state their views at sentencing and parole hearings. Other provisions related to the defense of insanity and diminished capacity, harsher punishments for recidivists and the limitation of plea bargaining.