OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Musical Box Society International

The Music Box Society International (MBSI) is a non-profit organization dedicated to the enjoyment, study and preservation of all automatic musical instruments.

## History

According to a 1987 article in The New York Times, the Music Box Society International first formed in the early 1900s to preserve and conserve existing examples of music boxes.
According to the MBSI's own website, the organization was founded in 1949. It numbers several thousand members with representation in 50 US states and nineteen other countries. It focuses on music boxes of all sizes, from small, hand-held wind-up boxes, to fairground organs or room sized orchestrions, including musical clocks and snuff boxes, singing bird boxes, player pianos (reproducing pianos, nickelodeons), and automatic musical instruments of any kind.
# Marcos Sampaio Olsen

Marcos Sampaio Olsen (born 8 March 1961) is a Brazilian navy admiral, incumbent Brazilian Navy Commander. He joined the military career in 1979 and was declared Guard of the Navy in 1982. Olsen acted as commander of minesweeper NV Atalaia (M-17) and submarine S Tapajó and as chief mate of submarine S Tamoio and aircraft carrier NAe São Paulo.
In 2011, Olsen was promoted to counter admiral and assumed many offices in the Navy. In December 2017, Olsen was responsible of the General Management of Nuclear and Technological Development of the Navy, responsible for planning and coordination of all activities related to the development of nuclear technology.
On 30 December 2022, then Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro nominated Olsen as Navy Commander, officialized on 5 January 2023 by president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
# Observation Post Fritsche

Observation Post Fritsche was a small American military base in Nurestan Province, in Afghanistan.
It was originally known as Observation Post Warheit, and was created to provide overwatch to Combat Outpost Keating. It was later dedicated to the memory of Staff Sergeant Ryan Fritsche and renamed as Observation Post Fritsche.
The 1st Squadron 91st Cavalry Regiment was the last unit to call it OP Warheit. Ssgt. Ryan Fritsche was KIA July 27, 2007 during the battle of Saret Koleh along with Maj. Bostick. The OP was named for Ssgt. Fritsche before the unit returned from the 15-month deployment.
# Sidebone

Sidebone is a common condition of horses, characterized by the ossification of the collateral cartilages of the coffin bone. These are found on either side of the foot protruding above the level of the coronary band. The lateral cartilages support the hoof wall and provide an important role in the support and cushioning provided to the heel. The front feet are most commonly affected.

## Causes

Repeated concussion of the foot is probably the cause in many cases. Such concussion could be produced when a horse is always worked on a hard surface. There also appears to be a hereditary component to sidebone but this may be because bad conformation is hereditary and bad conformation appears to predispose to sidebone. Bad conformation would include
* those with narrow, upright feet
* those with unbalanced feet, especially if they have toe-in or toe-out conformation
* draft horses, or horses with a heavy build, are more likely to develop sidebone than light horses or ponies

## Symptoms

Sidebone may be associated with lameness but many horses with sidebone are not lame. It follows that sidebone often gets blamed for being the cause of lameness when there is actually another cause.

## Diagnosis

Careful examination of the collateral cartilages by palpation can give a good indication that they are solid and bony rather than firm, springy cartilage. Usually, however, sidebone is found accidentally when the foot is radiographed, as sidebone has few outward signs in most cases. In mild cases, there are small areas of calcification; more advanced cases will have ossification of the entire cartilage. Rarely, severe lameness can be caused by fracture of an ossified cartilage, or by ossification which deviates enough to impinge on the short pastern bone.

## Treatment

Sidebone usually does not cause any problems, but when it does it is difficult to treat. Box rest and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as bute may be useful. In some cases the only useful treatment is a neurectomy of the palmar digital nerves.

## Prognosis

Many horses compete actively in demanding sports with sidebone, and are not hindered in any way. If the ossification is severe and associated with lameness then the prognosis is more guarded. Discovery of sidebone on an equine prepurchase exam without signs of lameness or local sensitivity should not affect the purchaser's opinion of the horse.

## Sources

* King, Christine; Mansmann, Richard (1997). Equine Lameness. Equine Research. pp. 689–691.
# 1955 in Korea

1955 in Korea may refer to:
* 1955 in North Korea
* 1955 in South Korea
# 2024 European Taekwondo Championships – Men's 63 kg

The men's 63 kg competition at the 2024 European Taekwondo Championships was held on 9 May 2024.

## Results
### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Hakan Reçber (TUR) | 2 |
| Tobias Hyttel (DEN) | 0 | | |
| Tobias Hyttel (DEN) | 0 | Hakan Reçber (TUR) | 0 |
| | | Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 |
| Volodymyr Bystrov (UKR) | 0 | Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 |
| Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 | | |

### Top half
#### Section 1

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals |
| | | Hakan Reçber (TUR) | 2 |
| | | Jamie McIntosh (GBR) | 0 |
| Maksim Bandarevich (AIN) | 0 | Jamie McIntosh (GBR) | 0 |
| Jamie McIntosh (GBR) | 2 | | | | |
| Jamie McIntosh (GBR) | 2 | | | Hakan Reçber (TUR) | 2 |
| | | | | Daniel Lo Pinto (ITA) | 0 |
| Daniel Lo Pinto (ITA) | 2 | | | Daniel Lo Pinto (ITA) | 0 |
| Damien Frgolec (SVK) | 0 | | | | |
| Damien Frgolec (SVK) | 0 | Daniel Lo Pinto (ITA) | 2 | | |
| | | Mateusz Chrzanowski (POL) | 1 |

#### Section 2

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals |
| | | Imran Özkaya (GER) | 2 |
| | | Dmitriy Nagaev (ISR) | 0 |
| João Zeller (POR) | 0 | Dmitriy Nagaev (ISR) | 0 |
| Dmitriy Nagaev (ISR) | 2 | | | | |
| Dmitriy Nagaev (ISR) | 2 | | | Imran Özkaya (GER) | 0 |
| | | | | Tobias Hyttel (DEN) | 2 |
| Ibrahim Đonko (BIH) | 1 | | | Tobias Hyttel (DEN) | 2 |
| Riyad Shiraliyev (AZE) | 2 | | | | |
| Riyad Shiraliyev (AZE) | 2 | Riyad Shiraliyev (AZE) | 0 | | |
| | | Tobias Hyttel (DEN) | 2 |

### Bottom half
#### Section 3

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals |
| | | Novak Stanić (SRB) | 2 |
| | | Kristian Borgen (NOR) | 0 |
| Georgios Gerardis (GRE) | 1 | Kristian Borgen (NOR) | 0 |
| Kristian Borgen (NOR) | 2 | | | | |
| Kristian Borgen (NOR) | 2 | | | Novak Stanić (SRB) | 0 |
| | | | | Volodymyr Bystrov (UKR) | 2 |
| Mikhail Artamonov (AIN) | 2 | | | Volodymyr Bystrov (UKR) | 2 |
| Davit Torosyan (ARM) | 0 | | | | |
| Davit Torosyan (ARM) | 0 | Mikhail Artamonov (AIN) | 1 | | |
| | | Volodymyr Bystrov (UKR) | 2 |

#### Section 4

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals |
| | | Juirdo Cani (ALB) | 2 |
| | | Leonard Daxner (AUT) | 0 |
| Leonard Daxner (AUT) | 2 | Leonard Daxner (AUT) | 0 |
| Ioannis Pilavakis (CYP) | 1 | | | | |
| Ioannis Pilavakis (CYP) | 1 | | | Juirdo Cani (ALB) | 0 |
| | | | | Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 |
| Omar Salim (HUN) | | | | Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 |
| Riad Bouhmida (NED) | | | | | |
| Riad Bouhmida (NED) | | Omar Salim (HUN) | 2 | | |
| | | Joan Jorquera (ESP) | 0 |
# Voiced palatal lateral affricate

The voiced palatal lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, found in the Sandawe language. There are two ways it can be represented: traditional IPA ⟨ɟ͜ʎ̝⟩ or extIPA ⟨ɟ͜𝼆̬⟩.

## Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Sandawe | Sandawe | dlani | [ɟʎ̝àní] | 'arrow' | Contrasts with voiceless and ejective affricates. Although initial contact varies from alveolar to palatal, frication is always palatal. |
# Nebulin

Nebulin is an actin-binding protein which is localized to the thin filament of the sarcomeres in skeletal muscle. Nebulin in humans is coded for by the gene NEB. It is a very large protein (600–900 kDa) and binds as many as 200 actin monomers. Because its length is proportional to thin filament length, it is believed that nebulin acts as a thin filament "ruler" and regulates thin filament length during sarcomere assembly. Other functions of nebulin, such as a role in cell signaling, remain uncertain.
Nebulin has also been shown to regulate actin-myosin interactions by inhibiting ATPase activity in a calcium-calmodulin sensitive manner.
Mutations in nebulin cause some cases of the autosomal recessive disorder nemaline myopathy.
A smaller member of the nebulin protein family, termed nebulette, is expressed in cardiac muscle.

## Structure

The structure of the SH3 domain of nebulin was determined by protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The SH3 domain from nebulin is composed of 60 amino acid residues, of which 30 percent is in the beta sheet secondary structure (7 strands; 18 residues).

## Knockout phenotype

As of 2007, two knockout mouse models for nebulin have been developed to better understand its in vivo function. Bang and colleagues demonstrated that nebulin-knockout mice die postnatally, have reduced thin filament length, and impaired contractile function. Postnatal sarcomere disorganization and degeneration occurred rapidly in these mice, indicating the nebulin is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of myofibrils. Witt and colleagues had similar results in their mice, which also died postnatally with reduced thin filament length and contractile function. These nebulin-knockout mice are being investigated as animal models of nemaline myopathy.
# SS Jolly George

SS Jolly George was a cargo vessel operated by Entente Steamship Co Ltd (AKA the Walford Line) during the period 1916-1923. She was originally launched as the Balboa in 1894, and renamed Jolly George in 1920. The ship was subsequently known as Sebat in Turkish service. The ship played a prominent role in carrying arms to Poland during the Polish-Soviet war.

## History

The ship was ordered from Wood, Skinner & Co. by the Cia Maritima company of Barcelona, Spain, and was built in Bill Quay on the Tyne. She was equipped with a 154 nominal horsepower engine supplied by North-Eastern Marine Engineering Co Ltd, Sunderland, and was launched as Balboa in 1894. In 1916 she was obtained by the Entente Shipping company (Leopold Walford Ltd), which later became known as the Walford line, and renamed Jolly George in 1920 . Her new name matched those of other ships operated by the Walford Line, including Jolly Angela, Jolly Bruce, Jolly Inez, and Jolly John.
In May 1920, whilst loading in the East India Docks of the port of London, the ship was the subject of an industrial dispute related to her cargo of weapons that were bound for Poland, then involved in the Polish-Soviet war against Soviet Russia. Stevedores involved in the loading of the ship noticed that she was being loaded with crates containing 18-pound artillery guns and ammunition which were marked "O.H.M.S. Munitions For Poland". Partly due to agitation by future communist party leader and one-time national organiser of the "Hands Off Russia" campaign Harry Pollitt, a deputation regarding the matter was sent by the dockers to Ernest Bevin, at the time a senior official in the docker's union. Bevin responded that the dockers would have union support if they refused to load or coal the ship. The ship's owners at the time, the Walford Line, were forced to acquiesce and the Jolly George sailed on 15 May 1920 without the offending weaponry.
In 1923 the ship was sold by the Walford line to the Turkish Barzilay & Benjamin line which renamed her Sebat. She continued in Turkish service until 1951 when she was sent to be scrapped. She arrived for scrapping at La Spezia, Italy on 27 July 1951, after more than 50 years of service.
# 1948 Lehigh Engineers football team

The 1948 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1948 college football season. Lehigh finished last in the Middle Three Conference In their third year under head coach Bill Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 5–4 record, 0–2 against conference opponents. DeForrest Bast was the team captain. Lehigh played home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Lehigh was ranked at No. 145 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Franklin & Marshall* | Sponaugle-Williamson FieldLancaster, PA | L 12–13 | 7,500 |
| October 2 | at Case Tech* | Shaw StadiumEast Cleveland, OH | W 26–18 | 1,200 |
| October 9 | Drexel* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 45–0 | 5,000 |
| October 16 | Gettysburg* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 14–13 | 8,000 |
| October 23 | Rutgers | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 6–20 | 8,000 |
| October 30 | NYU* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 20–21 | 9,000 |
| November 6 | Muhlenberg* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 35–20 | 10,000 |
| November 13 | Carnegie Tech* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 20–0 | 7,500 |
| November 20 | at Lafayette | Fisher FieldEaston, PA (The Rivalry) | L 13–23 | 21,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Pypestream

Pypestream is an American software company that offers a self-service automation platform. The company was founded in 2015 by Richard Smullen, the co-founder of Genesis Media LLC, and is headquartered in New York City.

## Technology

The Pypestream platform drives an engagement interface called a Pype that uses conversational AI within a graphical user interface. It gained popularity due to the high cost of assisted-service engagements versus the minuscule cost of self-service engagements, coupled with the brand-enhancing experience delivered by a Pype. It is used for customer service, employee service, recruiting, patient service, traveler service, marketing, and other automated engagement use cases. Pypestream couples AI-driven natural-language understanding (NLU) with a widget-based GUI that encourages pointing, swiping and gestures.

## History

In late December 2015, Pypestream's mobile application launched in beta.
By April 2016, the company had 500 businesses signed up and using the messaging platform, including Washington Gas and Billboard. The same year, the company was named in the Red Herring list of 100 most exciting startups in North America and announced a partnership with Discovery Health, the largest medical scheme administrator in South Africa, in order to include the Pypestream technology in the app for members of Discovery Health Medical Scheme. In July 2016, Pypestream partnered with Insurance Thought Leadership to create a messaging platform specialized for insurance customer service. As of 2016, there were over 12,000 businesses using Pypestream since its launch in December 2015.
In February, 2017, Pypestream raised $15 million in funding from Rick Braddock and The Chattergee Group.
In 2018, Pypestream was named one of the four Hot Vendors in Conversational AI by Aragon Research. Its current clients include Allianz, EY, Google, Sling, Brown & Brown, and Shell. The company has been granted five patents by the U.S. Patent Office and secured $15 million in funding by W.R. Berkley, bringing their total up to $35 million.
# 1949 South American Basketball Championship

The 1949 South American Basketball Championship was the 14th edition of this regional tournament. It was held in Asunción, Paraguay and won by the Uruguay national basketball team. 6 teams competed.

## Final rankings

* Uruguay
* Brazil
* Chile
* Peru
* Argentina
* Paraguay

## Results

Each team played the other five teams once, for a total of five games played by each team and 15 overall in the preliminary round. Ties in the standings were broken by head-to-head results, as only a tie for first would have resulted in a final match.
| Rank | Team | Pts | W | L | PF | PA | Diff |
| 1 | Uruguay | 10 | 5 | 0 | 161 | 134 | +27 |
| 2 | Brazil | 8 | 3 | 2 | 188 | 178 | +10 |
| 3 | Chile | 8 | 3 | 2 | 179 | 174 | +5 |
| 4 | Peru | 7 | 2 | 3 | 178 | 162 | +16 |
| 5 | Argentina | 7 | 2 | 3 | 188 | 187 | +1 |
| 6 | Paraguay | 5 | 0 | 5 | 134 | 193 | -59 |
| Uruguay | 34 - 26 | Brazil |
| Uruguay | 35 - 34 | Chile |
| Uruguay | 32 - 21 | Peru |
| Uruguay | 35 - 34 | Argentina |
| Uruguay | 25 - 19 | Paraguay |
| Brazil | 40 - 31 | Chile |
| Brazil | 32 - 30 | Peru |
| Brazil | 40 - 48 | Argentina |
| Brazil | 50 - 35 | Paraguay |
| Chile | 41 - 35 | Peru |
| Chile | 47 - 40 | Argentina |
| Chile | 26 - 24 | Paraguay |
| Peru | 37 - 29 | Argentina |
| Peru | 55 - 28 | Paraguay |
| Argentina | 37 - 28 | Paraguay |
# Pyridinium

Pyridinium refers to the cation [C$_5$H$_5$NH]$^+$. It is the conjugate acid of pyridine. Many related cations are known involving substituted pyridines, e.g. picolines, lutidines, collidines. They are prepared by treating pyridine with acids.
As pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reactions, pyridinium salts are produced in many acid-base reactions. Its salts are often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction.
Pyridinium cations are aromatic, as determined through Hückel's rule. They are isoelectronic with benzene.

## N-Alkylpyridinium cations

When the acidic proton is replaced by alkyl, the compounds are called N-alkylpyridinium. A simple representative is N-methylpyridinium ([C$_5$H$_5$NCH$_3$]$^+$). These pyridinium intermediates have been used as electrophiles in synthetic organic chemistry to build dearomatized congeners called dihydropyridines, as demonstrated in one example from Smith in 2021. Earlier, the same research group also delineated the rules surrounding regioselectivities associated with adding nucleophiles to pyridinium electrophiles with varying substituents. From a commercial perspective, an important pyridinium compound is the herbicide paraquat.
# Tommy Coates

Tommy Coates (May 28, 1909 - November 1, 1980) was an American stock car racer.
Born in San Antonio Texas, Coates was the 1951 Langhorne NASCAR sportsman champion on the 1/4 mile Yellow Jacket Circuit. He competed in stock car races in 1940 and 1941. Coates joined the American Stock Car Racing Association (ASCRA) in 1947, becoming secretary of the organization in 1950.
# Marcheta P. Evans

Marcheta P. Evans (born July 10, 1959) is an American professor, counselor, and academic administrator. She is currently the President of St. Catherine University in St. Paul, Minnesota. Evans is the first African American and the 12th woman to serve as president of St. Catherine University. Formerly the College of St. Catherine, St. Kate’s was founded in 1905 by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet. Today, it is one of the largest women's universities in the nation.
Previously, she served as the 17th President of Bloomfield College in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from 2019 until the College’s merger with Montclair State University in 2023. The College was renamed Bloomfield College of Montclair State University. She currently serves as Chancellor of Bloomfield College of Montclair University. Bloomfield remains the state’s only four-year Predominantly Black Institution (PBI), Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) and Minority Serving Institution (MSI). Evans was the first woman and first African American to hold the position of Bloomfield College President. During her time as president, she was the only woman of color to actively serve as president of a four-year institution of higher education in New Jersey.
Prior to Bloomfield College, she was the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Our Lady of the Lake University (OLLU). Evans also served as Vice President for Academic Affairs, Dean at OLLU and Associate Dean and Department Chair at University of Texas at San Antonio.
Evans is a past president and fellow of The American Counseling Association and past president of the Association for Creativity in Counseling.
She has served in transformational leadership roles in higher education for nearly 30 years at both public and private institutions.
Dr. Evans has also authored numerous articles and book chapters, focusing on issues of diversity, multiculturalism, women’s issues, and leadership. She has presented over one hundred times at the state, regional, national, and international levels addressing topics such as empowerment, multiculturalism, diversity, and leadership.
# Obereopsis auriceps

Obereopsis auriceps is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lepesme and Stephan von Breuning in 1953.
# Sideboard

A sideboard, also called a buffet, is an item of furniture traditionally used in the dining room for serving food, for displaying serving dishes, and for storage. It usually consists of a set of cabinets, or cupboards, and one or more drawers, all topped by a wooden surface for conveniently holding food, serving dishes, or lighting devices. The words sideboard and buffet are somewhat interchangeable, but if the item has short legs, or a base that sits directly on the floor with no legs, it is more likely to be called a sideboard; if it has longer legs, it is more likely to be called a buffet.
The earliest versions of the sideboard familiar today made their appearance in the 18th century, but they gained most of their popularity during the 19th century, as households became prosperous enough to dedicate a room solely to dining. Sideboards were made in a range of decorative styles and were frequently ornamented with costly veneers and inlays. In later years, sideboards have been placed in living rooms or other areas where household items might be displayed.
In traditional formal dining rooms today, an antique sideboard is a desirable and fashionable accessory, and finely styled versions from the late 18th or early 19th centuries are the most sought-after and most costly. Among its counterparts in modern furniture styles, the form is often referred to as a server. Some of the earliest production of sideboards arose in England, France, Poland, Belgium and Scotland. Later, American designs arose. Characteristic materials used in historic sideboard manufacture include mahogany, oak, pine, and walnut.