OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tenham (meteorite)

Tenham meteorites are the fragments of a larger meteorite that fell in 1879 in a remote area of Australia near the Tenham station, South Gregory, in western Queensland. Although the fall was seen by a number of people, its exact date has not been established. Bright meteors were seen to be moving roughly from west to east. Stones were subsequently recovered from over a large area, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long by 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) wide.
Because the Tenham meteorites were recovered quite soon after they fell, from a remote and dry region in which weathering and other alterations had not set in, they have been invaluable for scientific study of meteorites and their mineral contents. They are examples of chondritic meteorites, containing a high level of organic compounds, and rich in silicates, oxides, and sulfides. Many scientific studies have explored the mineralogy of these meteorites and their non-terrestrial features.
Because the Tenham meteorites show evidence of high pressure deformations, they have been used to infer chemical and mineral changes that might occur within Earth's mantle.
Ringwoodite, the high pressure forsterite polymorph named after Ted Ringwood, was discovered in fragments of the Tenham meteorite.
In 2014, a team of scientists at Argonne National Laboratory studied a sample of bridgmanite, a silicate perovskite ((Mg,Fe)SiO$_3$), taken from the Tenham meteorite. The team used micro-focused X-rays for diffraction analysis and fast-readout area-detector techniques to avoid damage to the sample. The study yielded results not seen when using synthetic samples, including a higher than expected presence of sodium and ferric iron.
# Mauger, Count of Corbeil

Mauger (c. 988–1032) jure uxoris Count of Corbeil was the third son of Richard I of Normandy, and ruled as Count of Corbeil through his wife Germaine, either a daughter or granddaughter of Aymon, Count of Corbeil. "Corbeil" is thought to be the modern Corbeil-Essonnes on the River Seine about 17 miles south-east of Paris.

## Life

Mauger was a son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy and his second wife, Gunnor. He was a younger brother of duke Richard II and uncle of duke Robert I. He married in the year 1012, Germaine, daughter or granddaughter of Aymon (Haymon), Count of Corbeil, and his wife Elizabeth Le Riche.
He may have been the father of William "Werlenc" [fr], Count of Mortain, though this is disputed.
* Biography portal
# Master and Mistress

Master and Mistress (German: Herr Meister und Frau Meisterin) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Alfred Theodor Mann and starring Hans Albers, Maly Delschaft and Carl de Vogt.
The film's art direction was by Heinrich Richter.

## Cast

* Hans Albers as Arthur Burger
* Maly Delschaft as Elly Nagel
* Carl de Vogt as Robert
* Carl Auen as Kunstschmied Wenzel
* Robert Garrison
* Philipp Manning as Fritz Burger
* Albert Paulig
* Eduard von Winterstein
* Ida Wüst as Witwe Frank
# Thorning (town)

Thorning is a small town located in Silkeborg Municipality in Region Midtjylland in Jutland in central Denmark.

## Geography

Its territory has two differentiated zones: the southwestern part is occupied by the Kompedal Plantage forest while the northeastern part is dedicated to agriculture. It is characterized by the presence of gentle hills. Haller Å it runs through its southern part and Tange Sø runs through the central and north. The latter also passes next to the urban area. Nipgård Sø is also located north of the town.
# Palizzolo Gravina

Palizzolo Gravina, baron of Ramione, was an Italian heraldic writer. His work Il Blasone in Sicilia, edited In Palermo in 1871-1875, contains over 2,000 coats of arms of Sicilian families and is important for the study of Sicilian aristocracy.
# Rekitipe

Rekitipe is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Arneiroz

Arneiroz is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# Patrick O'Neill (politician)

Patrick O'Neill (1875 – 2 February 1938) was an Irish nationalist politician and hotel proprietor.

## Life

Patrick O'Neill was born in Annaghmore, County Armagh, Ireland, in 1875. He married Mary (Minnie) McConville in 1903 in Portadown, County Armagh, and they moved to Warrenpoint, County Down, where he became the proprietor of the Victoria Hotel. They had five children: Mary Theresa (Molly), Harry Gerard, Bernard, Patrick, and Nora. Mary died (likely in childbirth) in 1911. In 1913, O'Neill married Brigid Smith in Moynalvey, County Meath, and they had four children: Brigid (Dolie), Jim, Teresa V. and Nuala. O'Neill and his family lived at the Crown Hotel in Warrenpoint, which he purchased in 1913. He died in 1938 in Warrenpoint.

## Political career

In his early political career, O'Neill served as Chairman of the Warrenpoint Urban District Council, as well as Justice of the Peace, for a number of years. He was appointed as the presiding officer at the Warrenpoint Town Hall polling station during the 1918 general election in Ireland, and then in 1920, he ran unsuccessfully in the election for County Councilors for the County Down constituency. That year, the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 was introduced to establish the partition of Ireland and create two devolved parliaments within the UK. O'Neill was elected to the newly formed Parliament of Northern Ireland as a nationalist MP for the Down constituency in the 1921 Northern Ireland general election. Partition, which had created a northern Catholic and nationalist majority in a primarily Protestant and Unionist state, was a key issue in this election. To protest the fact that Northern Ireland was established to have a Unionist majority, the Nationalist party members, including O'Neill, abstained from taking their seats during the first parliament. O'Neill was re-elected in the 1925 election, and in early 1926 decided to enter parliament after it was decided at a convention in his constituency that it was no longer useful for the nationalist MPs to abstain. In 1928, he was elected as a joint honorary secretary of the newly formed National League of the North. He sat in the Northern parliament for County Down until 1929 when the Unionist government eliminated proportional representation. At the 1929 Northern Ireland general election, he was elected for the Mourne constituency and was re-elected in 1933. He was spokesman of the Irish Nationalist Party on financial matters. O'Neill sat for the Mourne division until his retirement in 1938.

## Archives

A selection of the personal and political archives of Patrick O'Neill have been preserved by the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland and the University of St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto. The fonds ranges between 1875-1998, with the majority of the material from 1918-1938. The material available includes incoming and outgoing correspondence with constituents, government officials, supporters, and other MPs. Fonds also contains official documents, political pamphlets and booklets, election posters, newspaper clippings, personal records, photographs, and personal memorabilia.
# Microsystems

Microsystems may refer to:
* Microelectromechanical systems, miniature electronic and mechanical systems less than a millimeter in size
* Microsystems (magazine), a personal computing magazine of the early 1980s
# Melissa Tillner

Melissa Nair Tillner Galeano (born 26 June 2000) is a Para athlete from Paraguay competing mainly in category T12 sprint events. She has been visually impaired since she was eleven years old.

## Career

Along with Rodrigo Hermosa, she became the first Paraguayan athlete at the Paralympic Games in the country's debut in Tokyo 2020. There she competed in the 100 metres T12 event, finishing third in her heat and making her personal best with 14.77'.
She has participated in two editions of the Parapan American Games: in Lima 2019 and Santiago 2023, she was the country's flagbearers during both editions opening ceremony, in Santiago with cyclist Iván Cáceres. In 2023 she competed in three events: the 100 m, the 200 m and the 400 m, finishing in fifth place for the later.
She is expected to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris in the 100 m T12 and 200 m T12 events.
# Master and Pupil

"Master and Pupil" is a Danish fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in The Pink Fairy Book.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 325, "The Magician and His Pupil".

## Synopsis

A boy trying to get himself hired is asked by a man if he can read, even though his duties would only be to dust the man's books. The boy replies that he can, and the man rejects him. The boy runs ahead of the man and asks again for a job, this time successfully after claiming that he cannot read. The boy is set to work and surreptitiously reads the books while dusting them. As his master is a wizard, the boy's reading teaches him some magic and he is then able to transform into any animal.
Later, the boy runs away and returns to his parents where he assists them by turning into a horse, being sold by his father, turning back into a boy, and escaping back to his parents.
The wizard hears about this and goes to the father to buy the boy/horse. He then attempts to have a red-hot nail driven into the horse's mouth, as this will stop the transformation. The boy turns into a dove to escape but the wizard turns himself into a hawk to chase him. Then the boy transforms into a gold ring and drops into a girl's lap. The wizard attempts to purchase the ring but the girl refuses as it has fallen from heaven. The wizard continues to offer ever increasing amounts of money until the boy, in fear, transforms into a grain of barley. The wizard turns into a hen intending to eat the boy, but the grain changes into a polecat which then bites the hen's head off.
The polecat then transforms back into the boy who marries the girl and does no more magic.

## Commentary

While "Farmer Weathersky" and "The Thief and His Master" include the transformation chase of a pupil from his master, in those tales, the boy is actually a pupil, and not learning on the sly as in this one.
# Master and Man (1929 film)

Master and Man is a 1929 British drama film directed by George A. Cooper and starring Anne Grey, Henri De Vries and Olaf Hytten. Due to the public's apathy towards silent films, a sound version was also produced in 1929. While the sound version has no audible dialog, it features a synchronized musical score with sound effects along with a theme song. The film was based on the play Master and Man by George Robert Sims and Henry Pettitt, though Cooper is also credited on a novelization published by The London Book Company. It was made at Isleworth Studios.

## Plot

A manager of a motor works is sacked for being too old, leading him into a bitter dispute with his former employer.

## Cast

* Henri De Vries as Richard Waring
* Anne Grey as Celia Waring
* Humberston Wright as Thomas Blount
* Olaf Hytten as Lord Overbury
* Maurice Braddell as Dick Waring
* Mary Brough as Mrs. Wilkes
* Betty Siddons as Dorothy Blount
* Frank Stanmore as Wilkes
* Winifred Evans

## Music

The sound version of the film features a theme song entitled “Tho’ Castles Tumble Down” by Pat Heale, Stanley Damerell and Robert Hargreaves (words) and Harry Tilsley and Tolchard Evans (music).
# Matt Crouch

Matt Crouch may refer to:
* Matt Crouch (broadcaster), American Christian broadcaster
* Matt Crouch (footballer), Australian rules footballer
# San Marcos de Arica

Club Deportivo San Marcos de Arica, also known as San Marcos, is a Chilean professional football club based in Arica, that is a current member of the Primera B of Chile.
The club was founded on February 14, 1978. Between 1978 and 2005, the club was called Deportes Arica. Their home games are played at the Estadio Carlos Dittborn, which has a capacity of 14,373 seats.

## Honors

* Primera B: 3
       1981, 2012, 2014 Clausura
* Segunda División Profesional
       2019
* Copa Campeones: 1
       1982
* Copa Apertura Segunda División: 1
       1981
* Tercera División: 1
       2007

## Seasons

* 7 seasons in Primera División
* 35 seasons in Primera B
* 2 seasons in Segunda División Profesional
* 2 seasons in Tercera División
# Mashonaland West Province

Mashonaland West is a province of Zimbabwe. It has an area of 57,441 km² and a population of approximately 1.9 million (2022). Chinhoyi is the capital of the province.

## Demographics

| Census | Population |
| 2002 | 1,224,670 |
| 2012 | 1,501,656 |
| 2022 | 1,893,584 |

## Geography
### Districts

Mashonaland West is divided into 7 districts:
* Chegutu
* Hurungwe
* Kariba
* Makonde
* Mhondoro-Ngezi
* Sanyati
* Zvimba
# Masaki Toshiro

Masaki Toshiro (戸城 正貴, Toshiro Masaki) (born April 13, 1980) is a Japanese luger who has competed since 2000. He finished 12th in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
Toshiro's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was eighth in the mixed team event at Park City, Utah in 2005.
# Masaki Toyoda

Masaki Toyoda (豊田 将樹, Toyoda Masaki, born 17 January 1998) is a Japanese athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. He represented his country at the 2019 World Championships reaching the semifinals. Early in his career he won a bronze medal at the 2015 World Youth Championships.
His personal best in the event is 49.05 set in Fukuoka in 2019.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Japan ||||||
| 2015 | World Youth Championships | Cali, Colombia | 3rd | 400 m hurdles (84 cm) | 50.53 |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 4th | 400 m hurdles | 49.27 |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.34 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 23rd (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 50.30 |
# Virginia United FC (United States)

Virginia United Football Club is an American amateur soccer team based in Woodbridge, Virginia. The club plays in the amateur Woodbridge Virginia Adult Soccer League, and earned recognition in 2019 when they qualified for the 2019 U.S. Open Cup.

## History
### 2019 Open Cup run

The club put together a remarkable run during the 2019 U.S. Open Cup qualification stages to earn their first ever berth into the U.S. Open Cup, the national cup competition in the United States (similar to the FA Cup). On October 21, 2018; Virginia United opened their qualification with a 2–0 victory against Super Delegates of Maryland.
In the third qualifying round, played on November 18, 2018; United played Christos FC. Christos, which is highly composed of former college soccer players, received Open Cup notoriety in 2017 for their run in the 2017 U.S. Open Cup. United won the match 2–1 to advance to the fourth and final qualifying round in April 2019.

## Club
### Roster

    As of April 14, 2019
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 0 | GK | USA | Luis Guevara |
| 1 | GK | SLV | Manuel Medrano |
| 3 | DF | HON | Denis Najar |
| 4 | DF | USA | Juan Pablo Saavedra |
| 5 | DF | USA | Edgar Zepeda |
| 6 | MF | USA | Allan Flott |
| 7 | DF | CRC | Karl Gibbons |
| 8 | MF | USA | Ricky Burke |
| 10 | FW | SLV | Elias Martinez |
| 11 | FW | USA | Ernesto Marquez Jr |
| 12 | MF | USA | Sergio Rodriguez |
| 13 | FW | USA | Cristhian Osorio |
| 14 | MF | USA | Carlos Cartagena |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 15 | DF | USA | Manuel De Jesus Ramos Jr |
| 16 | MF | USA | Eric Otero |
| 17 | DF | USA | Miguel Hernandez Jr |
| 18 | FW | USA | Ramzey Hassen |
| 19 | FW | USA | Luis Aguilar |
| 20 | MF | USA | Eber Martinez |
| 21 | FW | SLV | Bernardo Majano |
| — | FW | USA | Joseph Richard Barnd |
| — | FW | GHA | Kofi Obeng Boamah |
| — | FW | USA | Santo Eduardo |
| — | DF | USA | Irvin Geovanny Martinez |
| — | MF | HON | Cristhyan Najar |
| — | MF | ARG | Nestor Guillermo Tolaba |

### Coaching staff

* Head coach: Jimmy Ramos
# Taral

Taral may refer to:
* Fred Taral, American Hall of Fame jockey
* Taral Hicks, actress and musician
* Taral Wayne, Canadian science fiction fan artist
* Taral, Arkansas, an unincorporated community in Pope County, Arkansas
# Matamuerte

Matamuerte is a traditional Garinagu dance. It is found in the Garifuna cultures in Central America, especially Honduras and Belize. The dance is performed with a background of rhythmic drums, common among Garinagu dances. Matamuerte is a humorous dance that conveys the image of people coming across a body on a beach and poking it to see if it is dead or alive.
Matamuerte can roughly be translated from Spanish as "death kills".
# Visvalingam–Whyatt algorithm

The Visvalingam–Whyatt algorithm, or simply the Visvalingam algorithm, is an algorithm that decimates a curve composed of line segments to a similar curve with fewer points, primarily for usage in cartographic generalisation.

## Idea

Given a polygonal chain (often called a polyline), the algorithm attempts to find a similar chain composed of fewer points.
Points are assigned an importance based on local conditions, and points are removed from the least important to most important.
In Visvalingam's algorithm, the importance is related to the triangular area added by each point.

## Algorithm

Given a chain of 2d points $\left\{p_{i}\right\}=\left\{{\begin{bmatrix}x_{i}\\y_{i}\end{bmatrix}}\right\}$, the importance of each interior point is computed by finding the area of the triangle formed by it and its immediate neighbors. This can be done quickly using a matrix determinant. Alternatively, the equivalent formula below can be used
    $A_{i}={\frac {1}{2}}\left|x_{i-1}y_{i}+x_{i}y_{i+1}+x_{i+1}y_{i-1}-x_{i-1}y_{i+1}-x_{i}y_{i-1}-x_{i+1}y_{i}\right|$
The minimum importance point $p_{i}$ is located and marked for removal (note that $A_{i-1}$ and $A_{i+1}$ will need to be recomputed). This process is repeated until either the desired number of points is reached, or the contribution of the least important point is large enough to not neglect.

### Advantages

* The algorithm is easy to understand and explain, but is often competitive with much more complex approaches.
* With the use of a priority queue, the algorithm is performant on large inputs, since the importance of each point can be computed using only its neighbors, and removing a point only requires recomputing the importance of two other points.
* It is simple to generalize to higher dimensions, since the area of the triangle between points has a consistent meaning.

### Disadvantages

* The algorithm does not differentiate between sharp spikes and shallow features, meaning that it will clean up sharp spikes that may be important.
* The algorithm simplifies the entire length of the curve evenly, meaning that curves with high and low detail areas will likely have their fine details eroded.
# Thornicroft's giraffe

Thornicroft's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti), also known as the Rhodesian giraffe or Luangwa giraffe, is a subspecies of giraffe. It is sometimes considered a species in its own right (as Giraffa thornicrofti) or a subspecies of the Masai giraffe (as Giraffa tippelskirchi thornicrofti). It is geographically isolated, occurring only in Zambia’s South Luangwa Valley. An estimated 550 live in the wild, with no captive populations. Its lifespan is 22 years for males and 28 years for females. The ecotype was originally named after Harry Scott Thornicroft, a commissioner in what was then North-Eastern Rhodesia and later Northern Rhodesia.

## Description

Thornicroft's giraffes are tall with very long necks. They have long, dark tongues and skin-colored horns. Giraffes have a typical coat pattern, with regional differences among subspecies. The pattern consists of large, irregular shaped brown to black patches separated by white to yellow bands. Male giraffes' coats darken with age, particularly the patches. The darkening of the coat has not been studied extensively enough to indicate absolute age; however, it can estimate relative age of male Thornicroft's giraffes.

## Range, distribution and habitat

Giraffes occur in arid and dry-savannah zones in sub-Saharan Africa, provided trees are available as a food source. Thornicroft's giraffe is endemic to Zambia. Giraffes are herd animals with a flexible social system.

## Diet

Giraffes are exclusively browsers that primarily feed on leaves and shoots of trees and shrubs. They consume deciduous plants in the wet season and transition to evergreen and semi-evergreen species in the dry season, choosing flowers, fruits, and pods when they are available. They are true ruminants with forestomach fermentation. Their food intake is approximately 2.1% of the body mass of females and 1.6% for males. They can obtain their water through the foliage they consume, but drink regularly when water is available. Giraffes seek out acacia species when browsing. Their feeding stimulates shoot production of the species.

## Reproduction

Thornicroft's giraffes breed throughout the year. They reach sexual maturity at approximately six years, and then produce offspring approximately every 677 days. About half of all calves die before one year of age, mostly due to predation. Giraffes can become pregnant while lactating, an unusual characteristic.

## Conservation

Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti is endemic to Zambia with a population of less than 550. There are none in captivity. Ecotourism has played a vital role in conservation of all subspecies of giraffes, due to their popularity with tourists. Giraffes as a species are classified as vulnerable according to the IUCN, but their populations are rapidly declining, with some subspecies being listed as critically endangered Their primary threats are poaching, human population growth, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat degradation.
# William Bretton

William Frederick Bretton (2 May 1909 – 4 November 1971) was the Dean of Nelson from 1957 until 1970.
Bretton was educated at Downing College, Cambridge and ordained in 1935. His first posts were curacies in Watford and Sparkhill. He was Vicar of St Cuthbert Birmingham from 1939 to 1942, and then St John the Evangelist, Sandown. Moving to New Zealand he held incumbencies in Johnsonville and Lower Hutt before his appointment as Dean.
In 1953, Bretton was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.
* Christianity
* New Zealand
# Rekkame volcanic field

Rekkame volcanic field is a volcanic field in Morocco. It was active during the Pleistocene until 1.4 million years ago.
# Log Jammer

Log Jammer may refer to:
* Log Jammer (Kennywood), a former log flume ride at Kennywood amusement park
* Log Jammers, a video game
# Reinikainen

Reinikainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Janne Reinikainen (actor) (born 1969), Finnish actor
* Tepa Reinikainen (born 1976), Finnish shot putter
* Janne Reinikainen (footballer) (born 1981), Finnish football player
# Smích se lepí na paty

Smích se lepí na paty is a 1986 Czechoslovak film. The film starred Josef Kemr.
# Lochore Castle

Lochore Castle is a ruined 14th-century tower house, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south east of Cowdenbeath, Fife, Scotland, and south of Lochore, east of Loch Ore, in Lochore Country Park.
Little remains of the castle, which was originally on the island of Inchgall, the name meaning “Isle of Strangers”. It may be known alternatively as Inchgall Castle

## History

Duncan of Lochore first built a motte on this site, during the reign of Malcolm IV of Scotland. The Valances acquired the castle (apparently by marriage) and extended it before constructing the keep during the 14th century, having probably lowered the motte. Thereafter in came into the hands of the Wardlaws of Torrie, and was then acquired by the Malcolms of Balbedie
At the end of the 18th century, the loch was drained.

## Structure

The keep had four storeys, and a courtyard with four corner towers, which enclosed ranges of buildings. Probably the castle was approached by a causeway from the east.
The wider area was landscaped and loch refilled in the 1980s, to restore it after the devastation caused by mining in the 20th century.