OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nisson Wolpin

Nisson Wolpin was an Orthodox rabbi and (1932-2017), renowned for being the editor of The Jewish Observer. He also served as the learning director of Camp Munk for many summers.

## Early life

Rabbi Wolpin was born in 1932 in Seattle, Washington to Bentzion and Kaila Wolpin. His parents, immigrants from Europe, lost 13 of their 15 children to childhood diseases prior to their coming to the United States.
During his formative years, Seattle didn't have any fit Jewish schools for him to attend, and he therefore had no other option other than attending a local public school. Like his three brothers, he attended a Talmud Torah in the afternoon. At age 15 he was sent to Yeshiva Torah Vodaath.
Wolpin was one of "a small cadre of talmidim" selected by Gedaliah Schorr to be students at a Los Angeles-based yeshiva founded in 1952 by Simcha Wasserman.

## Career

During his adult years as a married man, Rabbi Wolpin served as a rebbi (teacher of Torah) at Yeshiva Ohr Yisrael in Queens, an elementary yeshiva for Orthodox Jewish boys. In 1970, he was offered the position of editor of The Jewish Observer, a newspaper published by Agudath Israel of America. Before accepting the position, he approached Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky, who told him: "Until now you were a mechanech (educator) of children. From now on you will be a mechanech for adults." For several years he had a role in Olomeinu, the children's periodical, as well.

## Later life

In 2010, Rabbi Wolpin and his wife moved to Israel, where he learned in a kollel.
On April 24, 2017, he died in Jerusalem, survived by his wife, their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. One obituary referred to him as "father of the flourishing chareidi press in the English language today."
# Valérie Crunchant

Valérie Crunchant (born 1978) is a French actress.
She was born in Évry, Essonne, a suburb of Paris.
Valérie Crunchant appears in All the fine promises (2003), directed and written by Jean-Paul Civeyrac (based on Anne Wiazemsky's novel) as the young Ghislaine.
She appeared on Capitaine Achab (2004) directed by Philippe Ramos/
She made her first appearance on the stage with Francis Huster in «Théâtre Marigny» (Paris, 1992) in «Suite Royale» by Crébillon and in «Le Cid» by Pierre Corneille.
In 2004, she appeared as Cérès in the play «Les Felins m’aiment bien» by Olivia Rosenthal (directed by Alain Ollivier). In 2006 and 2007, she is La Comtesse in «La Fausse Suivante» by Marivaux (directed by Elisabeth Chailloux).

## Filmography

* Reminiscence (2001)
* Le livre (The book, 2001)
* A la hache (2002)
* All the Fine Promises (2003)
* Capitaine Achab (2004)
* À travers la forêt (2005)
* Guillaume et les sortilèges (2006)
# Vanadium dioxide fluoride

Vanadium dioxide fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula VO$_2$F. It is an orange diamagnetic solid. The compound adopts the same structure as iron(III) fluoride, with octahedral metal centers and doubly bridging oxide and fluoride ligands. It is prepared by the reaction of vanadium pentoxide and vanadium(V) oxytrifluoride:
    V$_2$O$_5$ + VOF$_3$ → 3VO$_2$F
An alternative synthesis using hexamethyldisiloxane:
    (CH$_3$)$_3$SiOSi(CH$_3$)$_3$ + VOF$_3$ → VO$_2$F + 2 (CH$_3$)$_3$SiF

## Reactions

Like some other transition metal oxyfluorides, VO$_2$F reacts with Lewis bases to give 1:2 adducts. One example is the yellow bis(pyridine) derivative VO$_2$F(NC$_5$H$_5$)$_2$.
VO$_2$F has attracted some interest as a cathode in batteries.
# Vangaon railway station

Vangaon is a railway station on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is the second last station on the Western Suburban Line, before Dahanu Rd, the northern terminus.

## Platforms

The station has three platforms, with Platform 1 having direct road access, while Platforms 2 and 3 lie on an island platform. The ticketing office is present within the station building, which itself lies on Platform 1.

## Trains

The following trains halt at Vangaon railway station in both directions:
* 19023/24 Mumbai Central - Firozpur Janata Express
* All passenger trains (non express) in both directions, halt at Vangaon station.
Mumbai suburban local trains extended their service beyond Virar station up to Dahanu rd, from 16 April 2013. All local trains halt at Vangaon station.

## Gallery

* Vangaon railway Platform board
* Vangaon railway station - Platform board
* Vangaon Station platforms from station FoB
* Vangaon Station platforms from station FoB
* View of Goods and DFC lines from station FoB
* Goods Train halted at Vangaon Station.
* Wag-9 Locomotive at Vangaon Railway station, pulling an automobile carrier rake.
* Flying Ranee at Vangaon railway station
# Van Damm

van Damm or Van Damm is a surname of Dutch origin. Notable people with the name include:
* Vivian Van Damm (1895–1960), British London theatre impresario
* Sheila van Damm (1922–1987), British motor rally competitor and theatre owner; daughter of Vivian van Damm
* Florence Vandamm (1883–1966), British photographer
# Van Dam's girdled lizard

Van Dam's girdled lizard (Smaug vandami) is a species of lizard in the family Cordylidae. The species is endemic to South Africa.

## Geographic range

The type locality of S. vandami is Gravelotte, Limpopo, South Africa.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of S. vandami are grassland and savanna.

## Description

A large lizard, S. vandami may attain a snout-vent length (SVL) of 14.5 cm (5.7 in). It has a triangular shaped head, and spiny dorsal scales. The predominant colour is dark brown with fragmented yellow rings.

## Behaviour

S. vandami is largely solitary and hides in cracks in rocks.

## Reproduction

S. vandami is ovoviviparous. From two to six young are born alive in summer.

## Etymology

The species is named for the collector of the type specimens, Gerhardus Petrus Frederick van Dam (died 1927), who was a South African herpetologist.

## Common names

Other common names for S. vandami include the Afrikaans name ouvolk, meaning "old folk".
# Vanikoro cuvieriana

Vanikoro cuvieriana is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Vanikoridae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 2.5 mm and 10 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is distributed in the Indian Ocean along the Mascarene Basin and in the Central Pacific Ocean.
# Vasant Kumar Pandit

Vasant Kumar Pandit (1921–1987) was an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Jana Sangh party from Mumbai. Later he was part of Janata Party and Bharatiya Janata Party.
He was born on 5 June 1921 to Ramkrishna Pandit. He died on 25 September 1987. Famous classical singer Pandit Jasraj was his cousin. He was a professor of Sanskrit at Wilson College in Mumbai and an Astrologer. While he was from Maharashtra and represented Jana Sangh in Maharashtra Vidhan Parishad as a member, he contested 6th & 7th Lok Sabha elections from Madhya Pradesh in BJP strongholds in 1970's. He joined Jaya Prakash Narayan in his Sampoorna Kranti Movement.
A scholarly person, he was associated with Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune, Bharatiya Sangeet Samsad, Indo-Israel League for 10 years, and Prince of Wales Museum for 3 years, among his many social activities.
He took the oath of membership of Lok Sabha in Sanskrit language. As for his association with astrology, BJP leader L. K. Advani has recounted how Pandit accurately predicted a period in the wilderness for his party in 1975-76 just when things were actually looking promising for them.
Dr. Pandit, a renowned professional astrologer said, 'At least my reading of astrology says we are heading for a two-year exile!'.
He was one of the Bharatiya Janata Party's executive members. "Dr Pandit was a member of the Maharashtra legislative council for 18 years and a member of the Lok Sabha from 1977 to 1984 from Madhya Pradesh"

## Organizational Positions

Secretary, Bharatiya Jan Sangh; Bombay Unit 1953–1966;
President, Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Bombay Unit, 1957–1966,
President, Maharashtra State Jan Sangh, 1969–1977;

## Elected Positions

He was elected to Lok Sabha from Rajgarh in Madhya Pradesh in 1977 on Janata Party's ticket. He won re-election from there in 1980. He joined Bharatiya Janata Party in April 1980 when Janata party split.
# Van Heemskerk

Van Heemskerk is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jacob van Heemskerk (1567–1607), Dutch explorer and naval admiral
* Johan van Heemskerk (1597–1656), Dutch poet
# Vatica pedicellata

Vatica pedicellata is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet pedicellata refers to the prominent flower stalk or pedicel.

## Description

Vatica pedicellata grows up to 15 metres (50 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 15 cm (6 in). Its coriaceous leaves are elliptic to lanceolate and measure up to 23 cm (9 in) long. The inflorescences bear cream flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

Vatica pedicellata is endemic to Borneo, where it is confined to Sarawak. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp, kerangas or swamp forest, at elevations from 100–400 m (300–1,300 ft).

## Conservation

Vatica pedicellata has been assessed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by development projects and land conversion for plantations.
# Vatica rassak

Vatica rassak is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Maritime Southeast Asia. The specific epithet rassak is from resak, the species' Malay common name.

## Description

Vatica rassak grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 70 cm (28 in). Its coriaceous leaves are elliptic to oblong and measure up to 32 cm (13 in) long. The inflorescences bear cream flowers. In Borneo, a newly discovered, unnamed special caterpillar makes use of the poisonous resin from this tree to build a cocoon.

## Distribution and habitat

Vatica rassak is native to Borneo, Java, the Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, New Guinea and the Philippines. Its habitat is along rivers and in lowland dipterocarp forest, at altitudes to 400 m (1,300 ft).
# Vatica sarawakensis

Vatica sarawakensis is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is named for Sarawak, part of the species' range in Borneo.

## Description

Vatica sarawakensis grows up to 25 metres (80 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm (24 in). Its coriaceous leaves are oblong to obovate and measure up to 35 cm (14 in) long. The inflorescences bear cream flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

Vatica sarawakensis is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests, to elevations of 1,400 m (5,000 ft).

## Conservation

Vatica sarawakensis has been assessed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened mainly by logging for its timber. Land conversion for plantations, including for palm oil, also threatens the species.
# Vapor (novel)

Vapor (1999) is the second novel by American writer Amanda Filipacchi. It was translated into French, Italian, Dutch, Russian, and Polish.
The novel was praised for an energetic originality showcasing a “prodigious postfeminist talent.”

## Plot summary

Vapor is the story of Anna Graham, an aspiring actress who one night saves the life of a stranger being attacked in the subway. The stranger, Damon Wetly, an unconventional scientist, decides that he will repay Anna's selfless act by making her dream of becoming a great actress come true. In a twisted reworking of the Pygmalion story, Damon abducts Anna, imprisons her in a house filled with experimental clouds, and spends months putting her through a grueling training regimen which allows her acting skills to reach unprecedented heights and Anna to achieve her Hollywood ambitions.

## Canceled film

A planned Warner Bros. movie adaptation of Vapor starring Sandra Bullock, Ralph Fiennes, Anjelica Huston, and Aaron Eckhart was cancelled at the last minute by Warner Bros., even as some media reports were stating that filming on the production had begun. Neil LaBute, who had written the screenplay and was about to direct, was subsequently profiled in New York magazine which described Vapor’s axing as the director’s “first truly bitter experience in film.”

## Critical reception

Time magazine called it "amusingly absurd" and "rewardingly escapist," while the Christian Science Monitor called it a "strange novel", a "through-the-looking-glass vision of America's obsession with personalities."
At the Irish Film and Television Awards, Ralph Fiennes said of Vapor: “It's a quirky dark love story—surreal, fantastic!"
# Varifocal lens

A varifocal lens is a camera lens with variable focal length in which focus changes as focal length (and magnification) changes, as compared to a parfocal ("true") zoom lens, which remains in focus as the lens zooms (focal length and magnification change). Many so-called "zoom" lenses, particularly in the case of fixed-lens cameras, are actually varifocal lenses, which give lens designers more flexibility in optical design trade-offs (focal length range, maximum aperture, size, weight, cost) than parfocal zoom. These are practical because of autofocus, and because the camera processor can automatically adjust the lens to keep it in focus while changing focal length ("zooming") making it suitable for still photography where a change in magnification of the subject, as demonstrated below is not a problem. The change in the subject size is a significant problem in video and true parfocal designs are needed for higher quality video work. Varifocal lenses can be used for image display as well as capture, and Meta's Reality Labs has confirmed developing a varifocal display for virtual reality.
# Varois-et-Chaignot

Varois-et-Chaignot (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Vao (island)

Vao is an islet off the north-eastern coast of Malakula in Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean. The 1999 census showed a population of 667, which increased in 2009 to 898.
The Vao language is spoken on the island.
# Venable Mound

Venable Mound (the last remaining mound of the McTheney Mounds site) is an archaeological site in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana with a single mound with components from the Troyville, Coles Creek and Plaquemine period.

## Description

The site formerly had three mounds and was a group known as the McTheney Mounds site. It is situated on a natural levee on the east bank of Bayou Bartholomew. The site has been under cultivation since about the 1850s. In the 1870s Benjamin Brodnax of the Smithsonian Institution visited the site when it still had three of its mounds. By the time Clarence Bloomfield Moore came in 1908 it only had two. The one remaining platform mound is approximately 22 feet (6.7 m) in height, with a base 140 feet (43 m) by 140 feet (43 m) square and a summit platform measuring 50 feet (15 m) square. Excavations have shown that the site was first occupied from 400 and 700 CE during the Troyville period. Construction of the mound is dated to 700 to 1200 CE during the Coles Creek period. Analysis of ceramics from the site date have been dated other occupations of the site to 1200 to 1541 during the Plaquemine/Mississippian period. Venable Mound is named after Charles Venable.
# Veitvet (station)

Veitvet is a station on Grorud Line (Line 5) on the Oslo Metro. It is located at Veitvet between Linderud and Rødtvet, 8.4 kilometers (5.2 mi) from Stortinget. It was opened on 16 October 1966. Like much of the eastern subway network, the station is located in a largely residential area with apartment buildings. The station is located just north of the Veitvet Shopping Centre.
# Vass

Vass or VASS can refer to:

## People

* Ádám Vass, Hungarian footballer currently playing for Brescia Calcio
* Baillie Vass, a nickname given to Alec Douglas-Home by Private Eye magazine
* Ghizela Vass, Romanian communist activist and politician
* Joan Vass (1925-2011), American fashion designer.
* Márta Vass, Hungarian long-distance runner

## Other uses

* VASS (cardmakers), Vereinigte Altenburger und Stralsunder Spielkarten-Fabriken, German cardmakers, now ASS Altenburger
* Vass, North Carolina, a town
* Vector addition system with states, a mathematical modeling language
* Vass of Lochslin, Scottish family
# Niren Shrestha

Niren Shrestha (Nepali : निरेन श्रेष्ठ ) is a Nepali music and movie director from Kathmandu Nepal. He directs Nepali music videos and movies.
Director Niren Shrestha start his carrier with debut song "Marka Marka Kammara" in the year 2062 BS (2005 AD). Until today, he has directed more than three hundred videos in various genres like Dohori, Pop, Modern, Folk, and Bhajan. Niran, who has over 10 years of experience in this field, has worked on different geners. "Laagchha Timrai Aakha," "Nachhodnu Haat," "Timile Ra Ghamlagla-Dui",""sundar Dolakha" are some of his popular songs. He was awarded from Nepal music & fashion awards and Epic Nepal Music Award.

## Awards

| SN | Awards Name | Awards Category | Song Name |
| 1 | Nepal Music and Fashion Award - 2022 | Best Director (FOLK DUET) | Barko Hago |
| 2 | 3rd Natyashwor Music Award - 2023 | Best Derector (LOK DOHORI) | Noau Dadha Mathi |
| 3 | 4 Epic Music Nepal Music Award | Best Director (LOK DOHORI SONG) | Gamala Ma Jai |
| 4 | Samabesi Music Awards | - | - |

## Music Video

| SN | Name | Release Date | Vocal | Cast | Creadit |
| 1 | Kasto Maya Jal | 2021 | Kamal Chapagain/Rina KC | Sukra Lama/Arati Magar | Director |
| 2 | He Maya | 2021 | Resham Thapa/Parbati Baniya | Bhauwan Chaulagain | Director |
| 3 | Gaajalu | 2021 | Dashrath Dongol/ Binda Sundas | Prakash Tamang Raj/ Annu Parajuli | Director |
| 4 | Sundar Dolakha | 2023 | Ashim Kumar Katuwal/Pratima Aryal/ Pradip Pariyar | Kumar Sunel/ Juna Karki/Kabita Mahat | Director |
| 5 | Man ma pir | 2023 | Samikshya Adhikari /Prakash Puri.Ramkumar Nepali | Sarad LG. /Asmita Ranapal /Rajan Puri | Director |
| 6 | Mera Aama Baba | 2023 | Anju Panta | Surbir Pandit/Rasmi Bhatt/Roshani Karki | Director |
| 7 | Ghopti | 2022 | Ashim Kumar Katuwal /Amrita Rayamajhi | Zimbey Rai /Apsara Karki | Director |
| 8 | Gamala Ma Jai | 2022 | Pratap Das /Manisha Ghorasaini | Pratap Das /Manisha Ghorasaini | Director |
| 9 | Barko Hago | 2021 | Saroj Lamichhane, Smriti Gautam, Simi Thakuri, Bishnu Kale Thakur | Sanjib Thakuri /Aayushma Karki | Director |
| 10 | Nau Dada Mathi | 2022 | SagarBirahi /Kalika Roka Magar | Anju Gurung/Shekhar Gharti Magar | Director |
| 11 | Badhai Chha | 2023 | | | Director |
| 12 | Hami Desh Bachau | 2021 | Ajaya Karki | | Director |
| 13 | Baini Ho | 2023 | Kiran Gautam/Manisha Gharasaini | | Director |
# Venitian

Venitian or Venitan may refer to:
* anything of or relating to Venice
* the Venetian language
# Pass-or-correct bid

In the card game bridge a pass-or-correct bid (or convertible bid), is a non-forcing bid that asks the partner to pass or bid differently based on her/his holding. Pass-or-correct bids are generally used as responses to multiway bids.
A typical example is the 2♠ response on a multi 2 diamonds opening that asks the partner to pass with a weak hand with long spades or to bid three hearts with a weak hand and long hearts. This 2♠ bid implies length in hearts and denies length in spades.
Pass-or-correct bids that are made in a suit you don't hold when the length in one of two suits has been shown by the partner's bid are also referred to as paradox responses.

## Conventions using pass-or-correct bids

* Multi 2 diamonds
* CRASH
* Suction convention
* Mini-Roman 2 Diamond
* Antispades Twos
# McArthur Township, Logan County, Ohio

McArthur Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,920.

## Geography

Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Richland Township - north
* Rushcreek Township - east
* Lake Township - southeast
* Harrison Township - southwest
* Washington Township - west
The village of Huntsville is located in central McArthur Township, and the unincorporated community of Northwood is located in the township's northeast, along the border with Richland Township.

## Name and history

McArthur Township was organized in 1823, and was named for Ohio politician Duncan McArthur. It is the only McArthur Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Transportation

Important highways in McArthur Township include U.S. Routes 33 and 68, and State Routes 117, 274, and 638, along with a small part of State Route 366.
# Salvio

Salvio is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessandro Salvio (c. 1570–c. 1640), Italian chess player
* Eduardo Salvio (born 1990), Argentine footballer
# PXG

PXG is a television show created by Prism Entertainment for Jetix in the United Kingdom which covered "the latest in gaming reviews, hints, tips and cheats". It was presented by, directed by and starred Kentaro Suyama. The show began airing on the 12 February 2005.

## Programming

The name "PXG" was an acronym derived from the 3 main home console video games in stores at the time i.e. PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube. Each episode featured Kentaro and his CGI animated assistant "Game Girl" (voiced by Haruka Kuroda) reviewing various games and accessories.

## Original series (2005–06)

The original schedule was as follows:
Monday: Big in Japan: This segment discussed the latest popular games and systems in Japan, for example the launch of the Nintendo DS or the PlayStation Portable.
Tuesday: Mobile Madness: This segment focused on handhelds and their associated games. The first half discussed accessories and game rating previews while the second contained reviews.
Wednesday: Konsole Kids: This segment focused on consoles and their associated games. The first half was a Gameshow held within a caravan where gamers presented their replays of games they had played and their performance would be rated. If Kentaro enjoyed the replay then the gamer would win a supposed holiday on a tropical island and if not, then they would be subjected to a penalty involving flatulence.
Thursday: Easy PC: The first half of this segment consisted of a review of a PC game, while the second half consisted of several mini-reviews of games available online for free.
Friday: All the previous five-minute shows from the past 4 days were combined into one single show lasting half an hour. Also included was a final segment "Top of the Chops", a section in which five popular games were reviewed and answers of the questions given throughout the week were revealed. In addition to this there were also, video game related jokes and sneak previews of upcoming games at the time such as Zelda: Twilight Princess. Occasionally, the segment also featured videos of people dressing up as their favorite game characters.

## Second series (2007–08)

In 2007, the show was renewed for a second series albeit with some changes to the show's format.
Monday became Konsole Kids, Wednesday became Big in Japan, Thursday became Top of the Chops and Friday became Easy PC. "Top of the Chops" was significantly different, now only featuring one game in the section. Also "Game-Girl" was entirely absent during this season.
The second edition was deliberately designed to feature more user generated content. Director of Jetix UK Dominic Gardiner claimed that changes were made to "give kids a greater sense of ownership of the show."

## Development

To promote the series Jetix UK commissioned and launched an online game based on the show PXG: Amoeba Attack.
# Silayugathile Sthreekal

Silayugathile Sthreekal is a 1996 Indian Malayalam film, directed by RS Suresh.