OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pandu Rajar Dhibi

Pandu Rajar Dhibi in the valley of the river Ajay is an Archaeological site in Ausgram II block in the Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was the first Chalcolithic site discovered in West Bengal. It was excavated by a team led by Paresh Chandra Dasgupta. The common man believes that the main mound at Pandu Rajar Dhibi is associated with King Pandu mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, hence the name came into being from the folklore .

## Geography
### Location

It is located near the southern bank of Ajay River and excavations have been made near Rajpotdanga and Panduk villages.

## Excavations

The site was first excavated by Paresh Chandra Dasgupta in 1954-57. While Pandu Rajar Dhibi was the first Chalcolithic or Copper Age site to be discovered, a number of other sites have been discovered in an area spread over the districts of Birbhum, Bardhaman, Bankura and Midnapore, and interspersed by rivers Brahmani, Mayurakshi, Kopai, Ajay, Kunur, Damodar, Dwarakesvar, Shilabati, and Rupnarayan later in 1962 to 63 the archaeology department of West Bengal excavated some areas of Ajay, Kunur, Kopay in Birbhum and Bardhaman district through this excavation the archaeologists found some elements of ancient civilizations that was existed in 1500 BCE the excavated site nearest the South Bank of a river origin name as Rajar dhibi as The Scholars found its main Mound associate with the "Pandu Raja" mentioned in the Mahabharata .
There were two main periods – the Chalcolithic period around 1600 BC – 750 BC, and the Iron Age.

## The people and their culture

As to the artists of the Chalcolithic culture of Bengal, we are in the dark. From an examination of skeletal remains (14-male, female & children) it appears that they were long-headed and medium to tall in height.
There was perhaps a brisk maritime trade in Chalcolithic Bengal, but sufficient evidence is not available. Certainly, the Ajay and her tributaries meeting the Bhagirathi were navigable at that time. The excavation at Pandu Rajar Dhibi has provided evidence for the gradual growth of a Chalcolithic culture and its displacement by iron-using people. There is evidence of a great conflagration in period III, which may be considered as the transitional period. The transition perhaps led to the exit of the Chalcolithic culture and entrance of the Iron Age.

## Significance

The excavations at Pandu Rajar Dhibi reveal the origin of the Bengalis. The Copper Age civilisation in eastern India but also distant lands such as Crete and the Mediterranean lands. They were predominantly a seafaring people.
# Rafael Moreno

Rafael Moreno may refer to:
* Pichichi (footballer) (Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, 1892–1922), Spanish footballer
* Rafael Moreno Valle (1917–2016), Mexican military physician and politician
* Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas (1968–2018), Mexican politician
* Rafael Moreno (baseball) (born 1995), Brazilian baseball pitcher
* Rafael Moreno (tennis) (born 1960), Dominican Republic tennis player
* Rafael Moreno Rojas (1936–2021), Chilean politician
* Rafael Moreno (judoka) (born 1966), Spanish judoka
# Takli Bobade

Takli Bobade is a village in Parbhani taluka of Parbhani district of Maharashtra state in India.

## Demography

According to the 2011 census of India, Takli Bobade had a population of 2882, of which 1502 were male and 1380 were female. The average sex ratio of the village was 919, which was lower than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 67.58% compared to 82.3% for the state. Male literacy rate was 78% while female literacy rate was 66%.

## Geography and Transport

Following table shows distance of Takli Bobade from some of major cities.
| City | Distance (km) |
| Parbhani | 29 |
| Basmat | 38 |
| Purna | 35 |
| Nanded | 70 |
| Aurangabad | 191 |
| Mumbai | 513 |
# Miyumi

Miyumi is a Japanese feminine given name.
It may refer to:

## People

* Miyumi Suzuki - creator of Wandering Sun

## Fictional characters

* Scooby-Doo! and the Samurai Sword

## Other

The Miyumi Project, a blend of music with different ethnic backgrounds, highlighting contributions from Japanese taiko drumming in the framework of jazz music
# 2007–08 Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team

The 2007–08 Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 2007–08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jamie Dixon, the Panthers finished with a record of 27–10 and made it to the second round of the 2008 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they lost to Michigan State.
# 2007–08 Polska Liga Hokejowa season

The 2007–08 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 73rd season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. 10 teams participated in the league, and KS Cracovia won the championship.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | KS Cracovia | 36 | 23 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 144:79 | 81 |
| 2. | GKS Tychy | 36 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 131:80 | 76 |
| 3. | Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 36 | 21 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 133:102 | 69 |
| 4. | Stoczniowiec Gdansk | 36 | 18 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 130:109 | 66 |
| 5. | Podhale Nowy Targ | 36 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 150:119 | 58 |
| 6. | Naprzód Janów | 36 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 118:127 | 54 |
| 7. | THK Torun | 36 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 124:118 | 53 |
| 8. | KH Sanok | 36 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 18 | 115:128 | 45 |
| 9. | Polonia Bytom | 36 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 23 | 98:138 | 29 |
| 10. | Unia Oświęcim | 36 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 31 | 74:217 | 9 |

## Final round

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | GKS Tychy | 46 | 29 | 6 | 2 | 11 | 171:107 | 97 |
| 2. | KS Cracovia | 46 | 28 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 184:110 | 96 |
| 3. | Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 46 | 27 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 166:130 | 88 |
| 4. | Stoczniowiec Gdansk | 46 | 23 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 162:145 | 82 |
| 5. | Podhale Nowy Targ | 46 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 20 | 183:154 | 69 |
| 6. | Naprzód Janów | 46 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 22 | 147:177 | 62 |

## Qualification round

| | Club | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts |
| 7. | THK Torun | 42 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 17 | 145:138 | 65 |
| 8. | KH Sanok | 42 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 20 | 145:149 | 56 |
| 9. | Polonia Bytom | 42 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 26 | 117:156 | 38 |
| 10. | Unia Oświęcim | 42 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 35 | 90:244 | 13 |

## Playoffs

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| GKS Tychy | 3 | | |
| KH Sanok | 0 | | |
| KH Sanok | 0 | GKS Tychy | 4 |
| | | Podhale Nowy Targ | 2 |
| Stocznowiec Gdansk | 2 | Podhale Nowy Targ | 2 |
| Podhale Nowy Targ | 3 | | | | |
| Podhale Nowy Targ | 3 | | | GKS Tychy | 2 |
| | | | | KS Cracovia | 4 |
| KS Cracovia | 3 | | | KS Cracovia | 4 |
| THK Torun | 1 | | | | |
| THK Torun | 1 | KS Cracovia | 4 | | |
| | | Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 1 | Third place | Third place |
| Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 3 | Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 1 | Third place | Third place |
| Naprzód Janów | 1 | | | | |
| Naprzód Janów | 1 | | | Zaglebie Sosnowiec | 1 |
| | | | | Podhale Nowy Targ | 3 |

## Relegation

* Polonia Bytom - Unia Oświęcim 4:3 (7:1, 4:5 SO, 5:2, 5:1, 3:4, 2:4, 3:2)
# Thorstein Hiortdahl

Thorstein Hallager Hiortdahl (4 May 1839 – 29 October 1925) was a Norwegian chemist, mineralogist and politician.

## Biography

He was born in Bergen as a son of merchant Samuel Baar Hiortdahl (1807–1863) and Augusta Jacobine Hallager (1814–1892). In September 1869 he married Anna Karine Nilson Hals (1847–1908).
He finished his secondary education in 1857 at Bergen Cathedral School, and enrolled in medicine studies at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo). In 1861 he defected, fascinated by the field of chemistry. He instead studied chemistry, mineralogy and crystallography; from 1864 to 1865 in Paris. He was behind the term partial isomorphy. The mineral hiortdahlite, which was first discovered at Langesundsfjorden in Larvik, was named after him.
He was a research fellow from 1866 and an associate professor from 1868 to 1872. From 1872 to 1918 he was a professor. During this period, from 1887 to 1892, he was the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. He was succeeded by Eyvind Bødtker in the professor chair.
He wrote several books, and his textbooks were reprinted several times. He also contributed to the biographical dictionary Norsk biografisk leksikon. Hiortdahl was a co-founder of the Norwegian Chemical Society in 1893, and chaired the society from 1906 to 1912. When stepping down he became an honorary member. He also taught chemistry at the Norwegian Military College from 1868 to 1912, chaired the supervising committee for the Higher College of Agriculture at Aas from 1881 to 1896, and was also a member of Kristiania city council from 1883 to 1892. He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1911, and as a Knight of the Order of the Polar Star. He died in 1925 at Oslo.

## Select works

* Kortfattet Lærebog i Chemie (1870)
* Begyndelsesgrundene af den kvalitative analyse (1871)
* Fremstilling af kemiens historie (1906)
* Justus Liebig (1920)
# Tibia insulaechorab

Tibia insulaechorab, common name the Arabian tibia, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Rostellariidae. It is native to the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by the German malacologist Peter Friedrich Röding in 1798, the type locality being the Red Sea. He gave it the name Tibia insulaechorab; it was at first included in the family Strombidae, but this large family was later split and the genus Tibia was transferred to the family Rostellariidae. A 2005 study by Sabine, concluded that Tibia was probably closely related to Terebellum, there being several well known morphological similarities between them.

## Description

The shell can grow to a length of 200 mm (8 in), and the live snail can weigh about 450 g (16 oz). The shell is elongated ovate, with a short body whorl and a narrowly conical spire with ten or more whorls. The smaller whorls are finely sculptured with transverse ridges; the larger whorls are nearly smooth. The large ovate aperture is whitish, contracted at the top by a transverse fold of the left lip. The outer lip is emarginated at its upper edge, and has about six blunt teeth on its lower edge. The beak is straight in young shells but becomes curved with age. The colour is some shade of brown or reddish-brown with a white or golden aperture.
Because of their attractive appearance, these shells are highly sought after by shell collectors.

## Distribution

Tibia insulaechorab is native to the western Indian Ocean. Its range extends from Madagascar and the east coast of Africa to the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba, western India, and the Maldives.

## Ecology

Members of this family are mostly herbivorous, browsing on delicate algae, or detritivores, swallowing sand in order to extract decomposing plant material.
# Tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy

TPLO, or tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy, is a surgery performed on dogs to stabilize the stifle joint after ruptures of the cranial cruciate ligament (analogous to the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] in humans, and sometimes colloquially called the same).
In the vast majority of dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) ruptures as a result of long-term degeneration, whereby the fibres within the ligament weaken over time. The precise cause of this is not known, but genetic factors are probably most important, with certain breeds being predisposed (including Labradors, Rottweilers, Boxers, West Highland White Terriers and Newfoundlands). Supporting evidence for a genetic cause was primarily obtained by assessment of family lines, coupled with the knowledge that many animals will rupture the CrCL in both knees, often relatively early in life. Other factors such as obesity, individual conformation, hormonal imbalance and certain inflammatory conditions of the joint may also play a role.
The cranial cruciate ligament runs from the cranial mid part of the tibial intercondylar eminence to the lateral condyle of the femur. Normally, the CrCL prevents caudal (backward) movement of the femur relative to the tibia. Due to selective breeding, the tibial plateau slope has become sloped too far backwards so there is a constant stress on the Cranial cruciate ligament. Over time this leads to a degenerative rupture. When it ruptures, the joint becomes unstable which causes pain and can lead to chronic progressive arthritis in the stifle if untreated.
In a TPLO procedure, the tibial plateau, the portion of the tibia adjoining the stifle, is cut and rotated so that its slope changes to approximately 5 degrees from the horizontal plane. This prevents the femur from sliding down the slope of the tibial plateau when the dog puts weight on its knee. This surgery generally results in faster recovery times compared to other procedures to stabilize the knee. Most dogs (over 90%) are expected to regain a very active and athletic lifestyle with no post-operative complications and without the need for any long-term pain relieving medication. Many surgeons are now conducting TPLOs on small dogs, believing that these pets, like large dogs, have a faster and more complete return to function than with other procedures.

## Alternative procedures

* Tibial tuberosity advancement
* Tightrope CCL
* Triple tibial osteotomy
* Simitri Stable in Stride
* Cranial tibial wedge osteotomy
A systematic review of the evidence has shown that "…functional recovery in the intermediate postoperative time period was superior following TPLO compared with lateral extracapsular suture."
# Tibial arteries

Tibial arteries may refer to:
* Anterior tibial artery
* Posterior tibial artery
# Tiber Valley Project

The British School at Rome’s Tiber Valley Project (1998–2002) studied the changing landscapes of the middle Tiber Valley as the hinterland of Rome through two millennia. It drew on the vast amount of archaeological work carried out in this area to examine the impact of the growth, success and transformation of the city on the history of settlement, economy and society in the river valley from ca. 1000 BC to AD 1000.
The wealth of surface survey evidence in particular provided a valuable resource for examining these themes. However, no study has ever attempted to incorporate the wide range of settlement and economic evidence available and the full potential of the data for understanding these processes has been largely undeveloped.
British fieldwork in this area goes back to the beginning of the 20th century with Thomas Ashby’s pioneering study of the Roman campagna. However it was the South Etruria survey, directed by John Ward Perkins’ in the 1950s to 70s, which represented a milestone in Italian and Mediterranean landscape archaeology and stimulated a series of field surveys and excavations by British and, in particular, Italian archaeologists in this area.
The Tiber Valley Project was funded by the Leverhume Trust and involved twelve British universities and institutions as well as many Italian scholars.
Tim Potter’s classic synthesis of the South Etruria survey, ‘The Changing landscape of South Etruria’ published in 1979, represented the first and only attempt to analyze developments in one part of this area through time. The first phase of the Tiber Valley project and the restudy of the South Etruria data led to a fundamental reassessment of our historical and archaeological approaches to the Tiber valley, allowing a new reading of the historical landscape and the changing relationship between Rome and its hinterland.
The final project monograph, by Helen Patterson, Robert Witcher and Helga Di Giuseppe, was published in 2020: "The Changing Landscapes of Rome's Northern Hinterland: The British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project". Since 2015, a consortium has been working to integrate the results of three large surveys in the hinterland of Rome, including the results of the Tiber Valley Project, as part of the Roman Hinterland Project.
# Situationism (disambiguation)

Situationism may also refer to:
* A term applied to the ideas of the Situationist International, an international political and artistic movement active from 1957 through 1972
* Situationism (psychology), a current started in 1968 which holds that personality is more influenced by external factors than by internal traits or motivations
* Situational ethics, a Christian ethical theory developed in 1963 by Episcopal priest Joseph Fletcher, according to which the morality of an act is a function of the state of the system when it occurs
# Siren Edelweiss

The Siren C.30 Edelweiss (or C.30S) is a 15 m span, Standard Class sailplane designed in France in the early 1960s. The Edelweiss came second in its class at the 1963 World Gliding Championships (WGC) and first in its class two years later. Several are still flying in France and elsewhere in 2010.

## Design and development

The Edelweiss is a 15 m class, single seat, shoulder wing sailplane with a butterfly tail, built mostly from wood. The wing has a single spar and is skinned with 8 mm foam-bonded plywood. It has almost constant chord; it had forward sweep on the two prototypes but production Edelweiss have unswept wings. The ailerons are metal and are shorter on production aircraft. Inboard airbrakes, again shorter in production aircraft, can extend from both upper and lower surfaces. The butterfly tail consists of two all moving surfaces, with wood sandwich leading edges and fabric covering elsewhere. Both carry trim tabs.
The slender fuselage is assembled from two formed, foam-bonded ply shells, each with inbuilt longerons. Nose and tail cones are of laminated plastic. The pilot sits in a semi-reclining position, under a long, starboard hinged, canopy which ends at the wing leading edge. The prototypes had longer noses than later aircraft. The Edelweiss lands on a fixed, sprung, monowheel undercarriage, fitted with a wheel brake operated jointly with the airbrakes.
The Edelweiss flew for the first time on 25 September 1962. An initial production batch of 15 was begun in January 1965.

## Operational history

The two Edelweiss prototypes competed in the 1963 WGC, held at Junin, Argentina and were placed 2nd and 17th in the Standard Class, piloted respectively by J. Lachney and C. Labar. At the next WGC, held in 1965 at South Cerney, UK, two production aircraft finished in 1st and 7th place in their class, piloted by François Louis Henry and J. Lachney; two others were placed 8th and 10th (pilots J.-P. Cartrey and J. Penaud) in the Open Class (unrestricted span).
51 Edelweiss have appeared on the French civil register. As of mid-2010, 12 Edelweiss remained on the French register and 1 on each on the registers of Belgium and Monaco; at least 3 are not active. Another is on the US register.

## Variants
### Siren-Bertin C.34 Edelweiss IV

    Open Class version with 17.50 m span and retractable wheel. Two built.

## Specifications (C.30S)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1966/7
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.39 m (24 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 15.00 m (49 ft 3 in)
* Wing area: 12.5 m$^2$ (135 sq ft) gross
* Aspect ratio: 18
* Empty weight: 238 kg (525 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 380 kg (838 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 225 km/h (140 mph, 121 kn) in smooth air
* Stall speed: 65 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn) approximately
* Maximum glide ratio: 36:1 at 95 km/h (59 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.65 m/s (128 ft/min) at 145 km/h (90 mph)
# Sir Henry Onslow, 2nd Baronet

Captain Sir Henry Onslow, 2nd Baronet (23 April 1784 – 13 September 1853) was a British baronet and son of Sir Richard Onslow, 1st Baronet, whose baronetcy he succeeded on 27 December 1817. He was also Captain in the Royal Artillery.
Onslow was born at Bramdean, Hampshire on 23 April 1784, the seventh and youngest child of Admiral Sir Richard Onslow. Onslow married Caroline Bond and had four daughters and five sons, including the third and fourth Baronets. He died on 13 September 1853 at Steyning, West Sussex, and is buried in the churchyard at All Saints parish church, Chitterne, Wiltshire.
Baronetage of Great Britain :
| Preceded byRichard Onslow | Baronet (of Althain) 1817–1853 | Succeeded byHenry Onslow |
* This biography of a baronet in the baronetage of Great Britain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sir Henry Northcote, 5th Baronet

Sir Henry Northcote, 5th Baronet (1710 – 28 May 1743), of Hayne in the parish of Newton St Cyres near Crediton in Devon, later of Pynes in the parish of Upton Pyne, Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Exeter from 1735 until his death in 1743.

## Origins

He was the only son and heir of Sir Henry Northcote, 4th Baronet (1655–1730) of Hayne and of Corfe in the parish of Tawstock in North Devon, by his wife Penelope Lovett, a daughter and co-heiress of Edward Lovett (1627–1702) of Corfe in the parish of Tawstock in North Devon, and of Liscombe in Buckinghamshire, long the seat of the Lovett family. Edward Lovett's wife was Joane Hearle (1642–1709), daughter & heiress of James Hearle of Corfe, Tawstock.

## Early origins

The family of Northcote (originally de Northcote) originated at the Domesday Book manor of Northcote in the parish of East Down in North Devon. The Heraldic Visitations of Devon lists the founder of the family as Galfridus de Northcote, Miles ("knight"), living in 1103. In the 16th century the family made its fortune as cloth merchants at Crediton.

## Marriage and children

In 1732 Northcote married Bridget Maria Stafford, only daughter and sole heiress of the wealthy Hugh Stafford of Pynes. After his marriage Northcote abandoned the family seat of Hayne, which sank to the status of a farmhouse, and moved to the Stafford seat of Pynes House, inherited by his wife, where his descendants remained until the 1990s. Amongst the lands he inherited from his wife was the manor of Iddesleigh in Devon, from which in 1885 the statesman Sir Stafford Northcote, 8th Baronet took his title. Bridget Maria Stafford survived her husband and in 1754 remarried to Richard Madan of Westminster., a brother of Colonel Martin Madan. By his wife Northcote had children as follows:
* Sir Stafford Northcote, 6th Baronet (1736–1770), eldest son and heir.
* Henry Northcote (born 1738), second son, who married twice, firstly to Philipa Searle, daughter of Edward Searle of Plympton, secondly to a member of the Tooke family.
* Rev. Hugh Northcote (1740–1787), third son, Rector of Upton Pyne, who married Elizabeth Bradford, daughter of Rev. George Bradford.
* Charles Northcote (1743–1745), fourth son, died an infant.
# Mountain West Energy

Mountain West Energy, LLC is an American unconventional oil recovery technology research and development company based in Orem, Utah. It is a developer of the In-situ Vapor Extraction Technology, an in-situ shale oil extraction technology. The company owns 880 acres (3.6 km$^2$) oil shale leases in the Uintah Basin, Uintah County, Utah.
In 2008, Mountain West Energy won the Clean Technology and Energy Utah Innovation Award.

## Technology

Mountain West Energy has proposed an experimental technology for in-situ shale oil extraction called In-Situ Vapor Extraction. The company claims its technology would also be suitable for enhanced oil recovery and for extraction of heavy crude oil and oil sands. For conversion of the kerogen in oil shale into shale oil, the company proposes using a high temperature gas, injected through an injection well. In the oil shale formation, the gas would cause pyrolysis, releasing shale oil vapors. These vapors would be brought to the surface through an extraction well.
In 2009, Mountain West Energy concluded an exclusive agreement with San Leon Energy granting the San Leon rights to the technology for a three-year pilot project on the Tarfaya oil shale deposit of Morocco. San Leon signed a memorandum of understanding with the National Office of Hydrocarbon and Mining of Morocco on the Tarfaya oil shale deposit in May 2009.