OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1738 Dangjiang earthquake

On 23 December 1738 the province of Qinghai was struck by an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.6 M$_w$. It ruptured the westernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault system, the Dangjiang segment. It led to 261–500 deaths.

## Tectonic setting

Qinghai lies within the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, which is a result of the ongoing collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This huge area of thickened crust is spreading eastwards. The plateau is divided into several blocks bounded by large WNW-ESE trending left lateral strike-slip fault zones. The Xianshuihe fault system separates the Bayan Har block to the north from the Quiangtang Block to the south. The western part of the overall fault system has three main segments, from the west the Dangjiang, Yushu and Ganzi faults. The estimated slip rate on the Dangjiang segment is about 6–7 mm per year.

## Earthquake

The magnitude of this earthquake has been calculated from observations of surface rupture and estimates of co-seismic (during the earthquake) slip. A total of about 100 km of rupture have been mapped on the Dangjiang fault segment. A maximum left-lateral offset of 3.3 m has been measured and an average offset of 2.2 m. These measurements have been used to calculate a magnitude of M$_w$  7.6.

## Impact

Estimates of casualties for this event vary. Sources mention death tolls of 261, 336 and 500.

## Future seismic hazard

The Dangjian segment shows evidence of several previous ruptures. The lack of seismic activity on this fault since 1738 means that sufficient slip has occurred to generate an earthquake of M$_w$  7.3.
# Malea pomum

Malea pomum, common name the Pacific grinning tun, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 40 mm and 90 mm.
The somewhat thick shell is ovate and inflated. It has a whitish ground color, varied and spotted with square spots, of a yellow more or less reddish, alternating upon the transverse ribs, with other spots of a dull white. The short spire is composed of six convex whorls, slightly flattened above, banded with ribs equally convex, wide, not distant, and divided by narrow, shallow furrows. The aperture is somewhat narrow, toothed upon both edges, colored yellow within. The outer lip is dilated, particularly towards the base, and forms externally a very thick convex margin, the external part of which is sharp, undulated, and its internal surface furnished with ten or twelve transverse, distant teeth, resembling folds. The inner lip consists of a smooth plate, convex and white, which partially covers the body of the shell. The columella presents a pretty deep emargination, above which are observed several transverse thick folds, and some others, less numerous, more oblique, and less distinctly marked.
The color of the animal is of a beautiful white, marked upon its circumference with triangular flames of a violet brown. The tentacles are long, slender and pointed, spotted with brown, in the form of triple rings. The trunk is white, the tube very long, pointed with brown and violet at its extremity.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Red Sea, the tropical Indo-West Pacific, the Philippines; off Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mascarenes, Houtman Abrolhos, China; off Australia (the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia).
# Annette Jahns

Annette Jahns (24 June 1958 – 11 September 2020) was a German operatic mezzo-soprano and contralto, and opera director, based at the Semperoper in Dresden. She appeared at international opera houses and festivals, with a focus on contemporary music including world premieres. She taught at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden.

## Life

Born in Dresden in 1958 to a family of opera singers, Jahns began her vocal studies in 1975 at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden; she attended master classes with Judith Beckmann, Ute Niss and Theo Adam. In 1982, she was accepted into the opera studio of the Semperoper, and from 1986, she was a member of the ensemble of the Semperoper. She appeared there, in addition to classical contralto and mezzo-soprano roles, in world premieres, such as Sarah Chatterton in Thomas Chatterton by Matthias Pintscher on 25 May 1998, repeated at the Volksoper in Vienna. She performed in the world premiere of Peter Ruzicka's Celan on 25 March 2001.
She portrayed the title role in Bettina by Friedrich Schenker to a libretto by Karl Mickel, premiered at the Theater im Palast in Berlin on 2 September 1987, and recorded. The opera's only singing role portrays Bettina von Arnim, who expresses herself through speaking, singing, whispering, and screaming. Since 1999, Jahns worked as a freelance singer and director. In 2000 and 2001, she appeared at the Bayreuth Festival as Grimgerde in Die Walküre. She directed Puccini's Madama Butterfly in Dresden in 2003.
Jahns taught at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber from 1995. She collaborated with Pina Bausch from 1996. In 2000, she recorded a CD of songs by Johannes Brahms with the pianist Damian Zydek. She worked as secretary of the performing arts and film class at the Sächsische Akademie der Künste from 2005 to 2008.
Jahns died from a long illness in Dresden on 11 September 2020 at age 62.

## Staged productions

Jahns's stage productions included:
* Johann Gottlieb Naumann: Medea. Stadttheater Meißen. Premiere: 1999. Conductor: Franns Wilfried Promnitz von Promnitzau [de]; set: Arne Walter; costumes: Marina Zydek
* Puccini: Madama Butterfly. Semperoper 19 July 2003. Conductor: Anthony Bramall; set: Hartmut Schörghofer; costumes: Frauke Schernau
* Rossini: La Cenerentola. Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding. 27 May 2005 Stadttheater Ingolstadt, 17 June 2005 Prinzregententheater Munich. Conductor: Bruno Weil; set: Hannes Neumaier; costumes: Marina Zydek
* Orff: Carmina Burana. Mittelsächsisches Theater [de]. 16 June 2006 Nikolaikirche Freiberg. Conductor: Jan Michael Horstmann; set and costumes: Marina Zydek; choreography: Erwin Hesse
* Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice. 17 November 2007 Stadttheater Freiberg. Conductor: Jan Michael Horstmann; set and costumes: Marina Zydek; choreography: Erwin Hesse

## Awards

* 1987 Kritikerpreis for the Berlin premiere of Bettina
* 1995 Förderpreis der Landeshauptstadt Dresden [de]
# The Rhode Island System

The Rhode Island System refers to a system of mills, complete with small villages and farms, ponds, dams, and spillways first developed by Samuel Slater (who had earlier built the first fully functional water-powered textile mill in America at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1790) and his brother John Slater.
The Blackstone River Valley of Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of a series of historic mill villages that followed the Rhode Island system, and which gave birth to the American Industrial Revolution. Today the 69 mile stretch of river valley and the system of mills and villages is a national heritage corridor, The Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, that encompasses sections of two states. The Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor was the second heritage corridor of its type in the US national Park service, having been chartered first in 1986. See also, Waltham-Lowell system
# Antonio Núñez

Antonio Núñez may refer to:
* Antonio Núñez Tena (born 1979), Spanish footballer
* Antonio Núñez Jiménez (1923–1998), Cuban scholar and politician
# Palfuria caputlari

Palfuria caputlari is a spider species of the family Zodariidae.

## Etymology

The epithet is composed of two Latin nouns: caput = "head" and lari from larus = "gull". It refers to the shape of the median apophysis as seen from the side.

## Distribution

P. caputlari occurs in Tanzania.
# Nicotiana suaveolens

Nicotiana suaveolens, the Australian tobacco, is a herb to 1.5 metres tall. Growing in New South Wales and Victoria.
# Metallothionein 1G

Metallothionein-1G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT1G gene.
# Anti-personnel obstacle breaching system

The anti-personnel obstacle breaching system (APOBS) is an explosive line charge system that allows safe breaching through complex antipersonnel obstacles, particularly fields of land mines. The APOBS is a joint DOD program for the U.S. Army and the United States Marine Corps.

## History

The anti-personnel obstacle breaching system originated as an operational requirements document published by the US Army Engineer School, Fort Leonard Wood, MO. The joint requirements document was signed by the Army and the Marines in April 1994. The system was developed by the United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command – Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDECOM-ARDEC), Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, and produced by Ensign-Bickford Aerospace and Defense. During preliminary test and evaluation, the original explosive grenade attachment scheme proved inadequate, resulting in program delay and the Naval Surface Warfare Center sponsoring a complete line-charge analysis and manufacturing redesign. The subsequently proposed and highly successful woven nylon over-wrap is currently employed on the Mk 7 Mod 1, fielded in 2002, and the Mod 2 fielded in 2006.

## Use

The APOBS is used to conduct deliberate or hasty breaches through enemy antipersonnel minefields and multi-strand wire obstacles. It is light enough to be carried by two soldiers with backpacks and can be deployed within two minutes.
Once set in place, the APOBS rocket is fired from a 35-meter standoff position, sending the line charge with fragmentation grenades over a minefield or wire obstacle. The grenades neutralize or clear the mines and sever the wire, clearing a 45-meter-long footpath for troops.
The APOBS replaces the Bangalore torpedo, which is heavier when all sections are used together, takes significantly longer to set up, and cannot be deployed from a standoff position. It reduces the number of soldiers required to carry and employ the system to two, as opposed to as many as 12 for a Bangalore torpedo using all sections.
The 125-pound system includes these features:
* Delay and command firing modes
* Deployable within 90 seconds
* Deployable from a 35-meter standoff
* Clears antipersonnel mines and complex wire obstacles
* Clears a footpath up to 1 meter by 45 meters
As a certified insensitive munition, the APOBS is safe to employ and transport.

### Current usage

The U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps have used the APOBS to clear improvised explosive devices in southern Afghanistan.
# Pholidoscelis plei

Pholidoscelis plei, known commonly as the Anguilla Bank ameiva or the Caribbean ameiva, is a species of lizard in the family Teiidae. The species is found on the Caribbean islands of Anguilla, Saint Martin, and Saint Barthélemy in the Lesser Antilles. Its coloration and markings vary between each island population. Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.

## Etymology

The specific name, plei, is in honor of French botanist Auguste Plée.

## Populations
### Anguilla

The Anguilla Bank ameiva is found on the main island of Anguilla and most of its satellites, where it is common. Among those populations, adults are gray-brown tinged with green-blue. Adults have white to light green spots on their flanks that can merge towards the posterior to form a barred pattern, with some variability between populations in the distinctiveness or presence of the stripes. Its ventral surface lacks markings and is light blue to white. Juveniles are brown with seven light stripes that are sometimes broken.
Males reach a maximum of 181 mm (7.1 in) snout-to-vent length (SVL), while females reach 139 mm (5.5 in) SVL; however, maximum sizes vary between populations on different islands.

### Saint Martin

The Anguilla Bank ameiva population on the main island of Saint Martin was described as a separate subspecies, P. p. analifera, in 1992. It differs from other populations by having faded stripes, and three to five vertical black bars or bands across the shoulder area in larger individuals. It is restricted to very localized populations on Saint Martin due to predation from the widespread mongoose, which causes it to be absent from many areas in which it would otherwise thrive.

### Saint Barthélemy

Populations of Anguilla Bank ameivas on Saint Barthélemy differ considerably in appearance between islands. On the main island, its ground color is green-brown with green-blue sides, and it is heavily spotted with green to cream-colored spots. On Île Fourchue, it is uniformly reddish-brown with little marking on its dorsal side, and spots or bars on its sides.

## Habitat

The natural habitats of P. plei are forest and marine intertidal.

## Reproduction

P. plei is oviparous.
# The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records

The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1983. It purports to compile the worst music ever recorded and features mostly novelty songs, parodies and cover versions of popular songs, performed very poorly (though in many cases, intentionally so, either as a novelty or as a joke). The original album included an airsickness bag and a warning that the album "may cause internal discomfort". Dr. Demento wrote the liner notes for the album.

## Content

The original 1983 album included two musicians, the Legendary Stardust Cowboy and Wild Man Fischer, who later became associated with the outsider music movement (Edith Massey has also been associated with that movement to an extent). None of the songs on the first album were top-40 hits, and only one act on that album, The Turtles (whose experimental and uncharacteristic piece "Umbassa and the Dragon" is included), contributed substantially to popular music. Ogden Edsl and Barnes and Barnes both achieved notoriety in the novelty music field.
A second volume was released in 1985, with a slightly different focus.

## Track listing
### Volume 1

* "The Crusher" (The Novas) (see also: The Crusher (wrestler))
* "Big Girls Don't Cry" (Edith Massey and The Eggs)
* "I Want My Baby Back" (Jimmy Cross)
* "I Like" (Heathen Dan)
* "Kazooed on Klassics" (The Temple City Kazoo Orchestra)
* "Fluffy" (Gloria Balsam)
* "Paralyzed" (Legendary Stardust Cowboy)
* "I Wanna Be Your Dog" (The Seven Stooges)
* "Boogie Woogie Amputee" (Barnes and Barnes)
* "Kinko the Clown" (Ogden Edsl)
* "Umbassa and the Dragon" (The Turtles)
* "Ugly" (Johnny Meeskite)
* "Surfin' Tragedy" (The Breakers)
* "Young at Heart" (Wild Man Fischer)

### Volume 2

A follow-up album was released in 1985, under the title The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records, Vol. 2. This volume featured some more recognizable names from the novelty music field; it also included at least one top-40 hit ("Nag" by The Halos) and was more focused on the comedy than the outright-bad tone of its predecessor.
* "Downtown" (Mrs. Miller)
* "K'nish Doctor" (Mickey Katz)
* "Party in My Pants" (Barnes and Barnes)
* "Foreign Novelty Smash" (The Credibility Gap)
* "Nag" (The Halos)
* "Who Hid the Halibut on the Poop Deck" (Yogi Yorgesson)
* "Goodbye Sam" (Shad O'Shea)
* "Just a Big Ego" (Bob Rivers and Zip)
* "Candy Rapper" (Bird & MacDonald, misattributed to "Sticky Fingers")
* "Hands" (Debbie Dawn)
* "Baseball Card Lover" (Rockin' Richie Ray)
* "Fudd on the Hill" (Little Roger and the Goosebumps)
* "I Live in a Split Level Head" (Napoleon XIV)
* "Teenage Enema Nurses in Bondage" (Killer Pussy)
* "The Troggs Tapes" (The Troggs)

## Reception

A review at AllMusic stated, "The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records! anticipated this trend several years in advance, proposing that "bad" was infinitely better than "boring," though their overdependence on prefab wackiness lessens the importance of the package."
# Neosilurus novaeguineae

Neosilurus novaeguineae is a freshwater eeltail catfish described by Max Weber in 1907. It is endemic to northern New Guinea. The common name New Guinea tandan has been proposed for it.
This catfish prefers deeper pools of small streams that are often littered with logs and branches. It grows to 21 cm (8.3 in) standard length.
# Palaea Historica

Palaea Historica ("Old Testament History") is an anonymous ninth century AD Byzantine chronicle which retells and expands on events in the Hebrew Bible. The Greek text of Palaea survives in manuscripts dating from the 12th to 16th centuries as well as a Slavonic translation. The work is of particular interest for biblical studies because of its recasting of Old Testament personalities such as Melchizedek, Abraham, and Moses in addition to its inclusion of extra-biblical material alluded to in the New Testament, for example Jannes and Jambres (2 Timothy 3:8) and Archangel Michael contesting for the body of Moses (Jude 1:9). It contains a version of the Story of Melchizedek.

## Text

The opening in Greek as in found in Vassiliev's 1893 edition reads as follows:
   Ἱστορία παλαιοῦ περιέχων ἀπὸ τοῦ ᾿Αδάμ.
   Πρὸ πάντων καὶ up πάντων [χαὶ] διὰ πάντων χρὴ τὸν
   ἀληθῆ χριστιανὸν ἐπιγνῶναι τίς θεός χαὶ οσαχως θεός
   [καὶ χατὰ τί εἴρηται θεός]. Θεὸς ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἄναρχος...
# Nicotiana × sanderi

Nicotiana × sanderi, also known as Nicotiana × sanderae, is a hybrid of the tobacco species Nicotiana alata (syn. N. affinis) and Nicotiana forgetiana (syn. N. rubra). It is the most common ornamental Nicotiana variety found and sold in the United Kingdom. Nicotiana × sanderi requires soft soil mixed with sand to thrive. The plant will grow to heights of 3 feet (0.91 m) and will give off a sweet scent in the evening, like most Nicotiana plants. Nicotiana × sanderi is not hardy against frost and will die if it comes in contact with it; however, it withstands drought. Because of its size, N. × sanderi is used as a house or garden plant.
An analytical study published in 1963 concluded that N. × sanderi leaves have a low nicotine concentration and a moderately low nornicotine concentration.
# Merxheim, Haut-Rhin

Merxheim (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The French composer and organist Jules Bentz (1873–1962) was born in Merxheim.
# Malta–Portugal relations

Malta–Portugal relations are foreign relations between Malta and Portugal. Malta has an embassy in Lisbon and 4 honorary consulates (in Algarve, Azores, Lisbon and Porto). Portugal is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Both countries are full members of the European Union, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and Union for the Mediterranean.

## State visits

Eddie Fenech Adami, visited Portugal between November 11, 2008 and November 11, 2008. President Adamia made a two-day state visit to Portugal in June 2009. During his visit he held talks with his Portuguese counterpart Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the Prime Minister José Sócrates, and the President of Parliament Jaime José de Matos da Gama.

## Trade

In 2007, Antonio Russo Dias, the Portuguese Ambassador to Malta said: "I don’t think that the fact that Portugal has the EU Presidency now will be a factor in improving trade and economic links between Malta and Portugal. However there is a bilateral plan to improve these relations with the recent opening of embassies in the respective countries so, yes there certainly is the will to improve links. There might be increased awareness of Portugal through the EU Presidency but not a direct link, at least in my opinion". Portuguese Banif Bank opened its first branch in Malta in 2008 and projected that it will have up to "25 more branches within five years and secure 10 per cent of the market".

## Diplomatic relations

Russo Dias was Portugal's first resident ambassador to Malta, ending his mission in September 2008. According to Maltese Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi, relations between the two countries had reached unprecedented levels thanks to his efforts.
In June 2008, the Maltese ambassador in Portugal, Salv Stellini, paid a last call on Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the President of Portugal, ending his tenure as Malta's resident Ambassador in Lisbon. Cavaco Silva thanked Stellini for his support in setting up the Portuguese Embassy in Malta, and appointed him a member of Portugal's Order of Merit.
On 11 April 2017, the new Portuguese Ambassador to Malta, Francisco Maria de Sousa Ribeiro Telles met with the President of Malta, Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca at The Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta), to present his credentials and discuss bilateral relations.

## European Union

Portugal joined the EU in 1986. Malta joined the EU in 2004.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Malta has an embassy in Lisbon.
* Portugal is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
* Embassy of Malta in Lisbon
# Naw K'nyaw Paw

Naw K'nyaw Paw is a Karen peace activist who works for women's rights in Myanmar. She is the General secretary of the Karen Women’s Organisation, and won an International Women of Courage Award in 2019.

## Biography

Naw K’nyaw Paw was born in Thailand and as a young child grew up in a refugee camp. Her family was forced to flee their home in order to escape persecution. The family joined approximately 110,000 Karen people now living in seven refugee camps that run the length of the Thai- Burma border.
In 1999, she began working for the Karen Women’s Organization (KWO), a community-based organization of Karen women working in development and relief in the refugee camps on the Thai border. She was elected as its General Secretary at the 6th Karen Women Organization Conference held in February 2013. She is a strong promoter of capacity buildings and has run many democracy, human rights and women rights trainings for KWO members. She worked hard to take the Karen struggle to the international community. Naw K’nyaw Paw has advocated on behalf of the Karen people.
She has attended UN Human Rights Council and the Commission on the Status of Women meetings to raise concerns about the situation for women and indigenous and refugee rights in Burma and along the border.
# Pholidoscelis maynardi

Pholidoscelis maynardi, commonly known as the Great Inagua ameiva, Inagua ameiva, or Inagua blue-tailed lizard, is species of lizard, a member of the family Teiidae. The species is endemic to the Bahamas. Three subspecies have been described.

## Etymology

The specific name, maynardi, is in honor of American ornithologist Charles Johnson Maynard.

## Description

Males of P. maynardi measure an average of 72 mm (2.83 in) snout-to-vent length (SVL), and females average 70 mm (2.76 in) SVL.

## Diet

P. maynardi is mainly insectivorous, however, little is known of its natural history.

## Habitat

P. maynardi is often encountered in the upper beach zone. It prefers sandy and loamy areas, but is also found in rocky and sparse vegetative areas.

## Reproduction

P. maynardi is oviparous.

## Subspecies and distribution

Three subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies. The species is found only in Inagua, Bahamas.
* Pholidoscelis maynardi maynardi Garman, 1888 – northern and western coasts of Great Inagua Island
* Pholidoscelis maynardi parvinaguae Barbour & Shreve, 1936 – Little Inagua
* Pholidoscelis maynardi uniformis Noble & Klingel, 1932 – eastern and southern portions of Great Inagua Island