OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2020 Rally Japan

The 2020 Rally Japan (also known as the Rally Japan 2020) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was scheduled to be held over four days between 19 and 22 November 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was set to mark the seventh running of Rally Japan and planned to be the final round of the 2020 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. The 2020 event was scheduled to be based in Nagoya in Chūbu.
Sébastien Ogier and Julien Ingrassia were the defending rally winners. Citroën World Rally Team, the team they drove for in 2010, were the reigning manufacturers' winners, but would not defending their titles after parent company Citroën withdrew from the sport.

## Background
### Route
#### Itinerary

All dates and times are JST (UTC+9).
| Date | Time | No. | Stage name | Distance |
| — | 08:56 | — | Expo Park R Short [Shakedown] | 4.78 km |
| Leg 1 — 153.68 km |||||
| — | 07:33 | SS1 | Isegami Tunnel 1 | 23.82 km |
| — | 08:36 | SS2 | Inabu Dam 1 | 21.38 km |
| — | 09:34 | SS3 | Shitara Town 1 | 31.64 km |
| — | 13:37 | SS4 | Isegami Tunnel 2 | 23.82 km |
| — | 14:40 | SS5 | Inabu Dam 2 | 21.38 km |
| — | 15:38 | SS6 | Shitara Town 2 | 31.64 km |
| Leg 2 — 103.86 km |||||
| — | 07:23 | SS7 | Nukata Forest 1 | 20.63 km |
| — | 08:08 | SS8 | Lake Mikawa 1 | 20.06 km |
| — | 09:04 | SS9 | Shinshiro City 1 | 7.65 km |
| — | 10:30 | SS10 | SSS Okazaki Central Park 1 | 1.20 km |
| — | 13:45 | SS11 | SSS Okazaki Central Park 2 | 1.20 km |
| — | 14:23 | SS12 | Nukata Forest 2 | 20.63 km |
| — | 15:08 | SS13 | Lake Mikawa 2 | 20.06 km |
| — | 16:04 | SS14 | Shinshiro City 2 | 7.65 km |
| — | 18:46 | SS15 | Expo Park R Short | 4.78 km |
| Leg 3 — 50.24 km |||||
| — | 08:43 | SS16 | Ena City | 21.47 km |
| — | 09:36 | SS17 | Nenoue Plateau | 11.63 km |
| — | 11:08 | SS18 | Expo Park 1 | 8.57 km |
| — | 13:18 | SS19 | Expo Park 2 [Power Stage] | 8.57 km |
| Source: |||||

### Preparation and cancellation

Rally Japan was scheduled to return to the calendar for the first time since 2010, replacing Rally Australia as the final round of the championship. The rally was scheduled to move its headquarters from Hokkaidō to a new base in Nagoya and was to be run on tarmac rather than gravel. A candidate event had run in 2019. However, in response to the national COVID-19 pandemic, the Japanese government had increased the country's border restrictions, which led to the cancellation of the rally. The vacant spot left by the rally was taken by Belgium.
# UTC−04:30

UTC−04:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:30.

## History

It was used only in Venezuela, first between February 12, 1912 and January 1, 1965, and again from December 9, 2007 to May 1, 2016. Currently, Venezuela's time zone is UTC−04:00.
# Petit Apple Pie

Petit Apple Pie (Japanese: プチアップル・パイ, Hepburn: Puchi Appuru Pai) is an 18-volume bishōjo lolicon manga anthology series published by Animage Comics from November 10, 1982, to March 10, 1987. The first volume was released under the name Bishōjo Manga Best Anthology (美少女まんがベスト集成, Bishōjo Manga Besuto Shūsei), before the series was renamed to Petit Apple Pie with the original title as a subtitle.
The series primarily featured works from editors and contributors to the erotic lolicon magazine Manga Burikko, but did not itself include any erotic or pornographic stories.

## Artists

Following is an alphabetical list of some of the artists who published stories in the Petit Apple Pie series.
* Abyūkyo
* Apple House
* Yoshito Asari
* Hideo Azuma
* Chibakonami
* Hisashi Eguchi
* Kamui Fujiwara
* Kasumi Gotō
* Miki Hayasaka
* Yōko Hino
* Fujihiko Hosono
* I.N.U
* Jun Ishikawa
* Akira Kagami
* Megumi Kawaneko
* Kei Kazuna
* Marchen Maker
* Meimu
* Noa Misaki
* Tōru Mizushima
* Usagi Morino
* Chimi Moriwo
* Noriko Nagano
* Ai Naniwa
* Meiru Notsugi
* Yukao Oki
* Jun Saegusa
* Yumi Shirakura
* Yoshihisa Tagami
* Chiko Takahashi
* Yōsuke Takahashi
* Miki Tori
* Shinji Wada
# Andrew J. Elliot

Andrew J. Elliot (born 1962) is a professor of psychology at the University of Rochester. His research on the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation focuses on combining classic and contemporary methods to test various theories. Elliot's work in social psychology is cited frequently by those in the field, causing him to be named one of Thomson Reuters' ISI Highly Cited for the Social Sciences in 2010.
Elliot received his B.A in 1985 at Taylor University in Indiana, and then went on to secure a Ph.D. in social-personality psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1994. He has served on the editorial boards of multiple psychological journals, and he is currently editor of Advances in Motivation Science and consulting editor to the Journal of Educational Psychology, the Journal of Personality, and the Personality and Social Psychology Review. He was also the Churchill Fellow at Cambridge University in 2010, and has served as the visiting senior fellow at Jesus College in Oxford University during the 2013–2014 academic year. He was awarded the 2003 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research award for mid-career contributions to Psychology, and 2013 Ed and Carol Diener Award for Outstanding Contributions to Personality Psychology. He is the recipient of several grants to continue his work from many research foundations including Institute of Education Sciences and the Humboldt Foundation.
Elliot's research focuses have had many different facets, although his primary focus is on achievement motivation and approach-avoidance motivation more generally.

## Selected works
### Books

* Elliot, A.J. (2008) Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
* Elliot, A.J. and Dweck, Carol S. (2005) Handbook of Competence and Motivation New York: The Guildford Press.

### Papers

* Korn, R. M., & Elliot, A. J. (2016). The 2 × 2 Standpoints Model of Achievement Goals. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(May), 1–12.
* Roskes, M., Elliot, A.J., Nijstad, B., & De Dreu, C.K.W. (2013). Avoidance motivation and conservation of energy. Emotion Review, 5, 264–268.
* Law, W., Elliot, A.J., & Murayama, K. (2012). Perceived competence moderates the relation between performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 806–819.
* Murayama, K., & Elliot, A.J. (2011). Achievement motivation and memory: Achievement Goals differentially influence immediate and delayed remember-know recognition memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1339–1348.
# S-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate

S-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate (brand name Difetur) is an S-alkylisothiouronium derivative used as an antihypotensive drug. The S-alkylisothiouronium compounds are used in processes of treating acute hypotension, which may result, for example, from shock or hemorrhage, and in processes for treating hyperoxic conditions, for example, oxygen poisoning.

## Indications

It is used for increasing arterial blood pressure in cases of acute arterial hypotension due to surgical interference, trauma, poisoning, shock condition, hemorrhages; in conjunction with epidural anesthesia; in overdose of ganglion blockers, alpha-adrenergic blockers, neuroleptics, anesthetics; and in other conditions when adrenomimetics are contra-indicated or ineffective. Difetur was also found to possess oxygen protective activity and, thus, can be used as a medicament for protecting against oxygen poisoning conditions caused by hyperoxia.
S-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate is also used for the treatment of headaches, in particular, migraines, as well as for the prevention or treatment of nausea and vomiting, effective in preventing or alleviating emesis associated with migraines or other medical conditions such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as other symptoms of migraines including phonophobia and photophobia.

## Mechanism of action

S-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate is a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase on hepatic NO production level. S-Ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate affects systemic hemodynamic indices in the following way: the peripheral vascular resistance increases, the stroke volume and central blood volume increase, and the work of the left ventricle improves. Other effects are: analgesic, uterotonic, decongestive and anti-inflammatory.
In difetur’s antihypotensive effect unlike sympathomimetics there is no stimulation of the sympathetic system, thus does not cause tachycardia, nor alter the acid-base balance and electrolyte and does not cause hypotension secondary. These drugs have also sedative action, reduce body temperature and oxygen consumption.

## Forms

Injectable solution 10%-1 ml in ampules N 10.
# Pat Meyer

Pat Meyer (born April 5, 1972) is an American football coach, currently the offensive line coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He formerly served as the offensive line coach for the Carolina Panthers.

## Playing career

After being a five-sport letterman at Girard High School in football, wrestling, basketball, baseball and track, Meyer played college football for Colorado State as an offensive lineman from 1991–1994, earning All-Western Athletic Conference honors for three consecutive years, and in his final season, Meyer played four different positions. He was later signed by the Arizona Cardinals in 1995, and played for the St. Louis Stampede of the Arena Football League the following season.

## Coaching career
### Early coaching career

In 1997, Meyer became a graduate assistant for the Memphis Tigers, and later worked in the school's strength and conditioning department, and spent five months in 2000 as the director. Meyer later joined the NC State Wolfpack as the head strength and conditioning coach, and in 2004, he was named head of the entire athletic department's strength programs, which he would hold until 2006, in which he joined Florida State as strength coach. In 2008, Meyer joined his alma mater as the offensive line coach, and became the offensive coordinator in 2011. In 2012, Meyer joined the Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes as the offensive coordinator/offensive line coach. During the season, the Alouettes finished third in the league in scoring with 26.6 points per game, was tied for first in touchdowns with 51 and fewest sacks allowed with 30.

### Chicago Bears

On January 24, 2013, Meyer was hired by former Alouettes head coach Marc Trestman to become the Chicago Bears' assistant offensive line coach; Meyer was the third Alouettes assistant to join the Bears, following tight ends coach Andy Bischoff and assistant defensive line coach Michael Sinclair. On February 12, 2014, Meyer was promoted to offensive line coach. He was not retained by the Bears for the 2015 season.

### Buffalo Bills

On July 31, 2015, Meyer was hired as a football operations consultant for the Buffalo Bills.

### Los Angeles Chargers

In 2017, Meyer joined the Los Angeles Chargers as the offensive line coach and run game coordinator.

### Carolina Panthers

In 2020, Meyer joined the Carolina Panthers as the offensive line coach.He was fired after the 2021 season.

### Pittsburgh Steelers

On February 15, 2022 Meyer joined the Steelers as the team’s offensive line coach.
# Ashra

Ashra may refer to:
* Ashra (band), a proto-trance group founded by Manuel Gottsching in 1976
* Ashra (All-sky Survey High Resolution Air-shower detector), a project of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
# 2000–01 European Nations Cup Second Division

The 2001 European Nations Cup (ENC) Second Division (a European rugby union competition for national teams) was contested over a one-year period during which all teams met each other once. Poland was the winner.
Due to European qualify round to RWC 2003 there's no relegation to division 3 and promotion to division 1

## Table

| Place | Nation | Games | Games | Games | Games | Points | Points | Points | Table points |
| Place | Nation | played | won | drawn | lost | for | against | difference | Table points |
| 1 | Poland | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 105 | 53 | +52 | 13 |
| 2 | Ukraine | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 65 | 61 | +4 | 13 |
| 3 | Germany | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 90 | 86 | +4 | 10 |
| 4 | Croatia | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 70 | 77 | −7 | 10 |
| 5 | Czech Republic | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 132 | 109 | 23 | 9 |
| 6 | Denmark | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 53 | 129 | −76 | 5 |

## Results

* 14 October 2000
| Czech Republic | 35–3 | Ukraine |
* Prague
* 21 October 2000
| Ukraine | 16–6 | Denmark |
* Kyiv
* 22 October 2000
| Germany | 13–26 | Poland |
* Berlin
* 28 October 2000
| Denmark | 15–16 | Croatia |
* Copenhagen
* 4 November 2000
| Poland | 34–16 | Czech Republic |
* Gdynia
* 12 November 2000
| Germany | 12–19 | Ukraine |
* Heusenstamm
* 18 November 2000
| Croatia | 3–8 | Poland |
* Zapresic
* 8 April 2001
| Germany | 30–17 | Czech Republic |
* Constance
* 28 April 2001
| Croatia | 32–22 | Czech Republic |
* Makarska
* 28 April 2001
| Denmark | 10–21 | Germany |
* Copenhagen
* 5 May 2001
| Poland | 34–12 | Denmark |
* Gdynia
* 19 May 2001
| Czech Republic | 42–10 | Denmark |
* Prague
* 19 May 2001
| Ukraine | 9–3 | Poland |
* 20 May 2001
| Croatia | 14–14 | Germany |
* Split
* 26 May 2001
| Ukraine | 18–5 | Croatia |
* Kyiv
# Messua

Messua may be:
* Messua (Jungle books), a fictional character in Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book and The Second Jungle Book
* Messua (spider), a genus of spiders
# Mammút

Mammút is an Icelandic rock band based in Reykjavík. Formed in 2003 as ROK, an all-female trio highlighting vocalist Kata (Katrína Kata Mogensen, daughter of former Kukl bassist Birgir Mogensen), the group expanded in early 2004 to a 5-piece band by recruiting guitarist Arnar Pétursson and drummer Andri Bjartur Jakobsson, and adopted the new name Mammút.
Mammút won Músiktilraunir, the Icelandic annual battle of the bands in 2004. The band enjoys popularity in Iceland and internationally. Mammút's eponymous debut album was released in Iceland in 2006 on the Smekkleysa label founded by The Sugarcubes. The follow-up album, Karkari, was released in 2008 and included "Svefnsýkt" which became the band's first major hit with immense radio play and charting in Iceland. With Karkari, the band was nominated in the "Best Band" category at the 2008 Icelandic Music Awards.
On its tenth anniversary, the band released its third album, Komdu til mín svarta systir. The album garnered critical acclaim and earned Mammút eight nominations at the 2013 Icelandic Music Awards; the band eventually won three accolades: "Album of the Year – Pop & Rock", "Song of the Year – Pop & Rock" (for their single "Salt"), and "Album Cover of the Year".
Their 2017 album, Kinder Versions, was released on 14 July 2017 following a successful fundraising campaign on Icelandic crowdfunding website Karolina Fund.
In October of 2020, Mammút released their fifth LP titled "Ride the Fire" and Valgeir Skorri Vernharðsson made his debut as the bands drummer.

## Members

* Alexandra Baldursdóttir — guitar
* Arnar Pétursson — guitar
* Katrína Kata Mogensen — vocals
* Valgeir Skorri Vernharðsson - drummer
* Vilborg Ása Dýradóttir — bass
** Katrína Mogensen
** Alexandra Baldursdóttir
** Arnar Pétursson
** Vilborg Ása Dýradóttir

## Discography
### Albums

* 2006: Mammút
* 2008: Karkari
* 2013: Komdu til mín svarta systir (come to me, my black sister)
* 2017: Kinder Versions
* 2020: Ride the Fire

### Singles

* 2008: "Svefnsýkt"
* 2011: "Bakkus"
* 2013: "Salt"
* 2013: "Blóðberg"
* 2014: "Ströndin"
* 2017: "Breathe into Me"
* 2017: "The Moon Will Never Turn on Me"
* 2019: "Forever on Your Mind"
# Šumavanka

The Šumava is an old breed of chicken originating in the Bohemian forest in the Czech Republic. Original Šumava chickens became extinct, but in the second half of 20th century, the breed was restored by crossing a few remaining animals from the original population with Czech gold brindle chicken, yellow Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Wyandotte.
Hens produce around 180 eggs per year, each weighing about 58 grams (2.0 oz).
# Yogesh Gauchan Thakali

Yogesh Gauchan is a Nepalese politician and member of Nepali Congress. He was elected in 2022 to the House Of Representatives from Mustang, Nepal.
He is the son of Romy Gauchan Thakali.
# Nandani River

The Nandani River is a right tributary of Yerla River in India. It originates at Jaigaon and flows from Aundh in Satara district and confluence to Yerala river near Shivani village of Kadegaon taluka, in Sangli district of Maharashtra state.

## Course

Nandnai River basin located at upper Yerala river basin, a tributary of Krishna river basin India. The total length of Nandani river is 39 km. It starts from Jaigaon in Satara district at 914 m above MSL and confluence at 551 m above MSL near Shivani in Kadegaon Taluka, of Sangli district in Maharashtra.
# Patchen Pass

Patchen Pass (historically Cuesta de Los Gatos and also locally referred to as "the Summit") is a low mountain pass through the Santa Cruz Mountains of California, connecting the Santa Clara Valley to Santa Cruz and the Pacific coast. California State Route 17 traverses the pass at the Santa Clara–Santa Cruz county line, just south where the highway intersects with California State Route 35.

## Description

Patchen Pass lies on the border between Santa Clara County to the north of the pass, and Santa Cruz County to the south. It is traversed by California State Route 17, which runs from north to south through the pass, and is the eastern terminus of California State Route 35, which runs along the ridgeline to the west of the pass and continues to the east as Summit Road. The nearest municipalities to the pass are Los Gatos, 8 miles (13 km) north, and Scotts Valley, 8 miles (13 km) south. Amenities at the pass include a restaurant on one side of Highway 17, and a convenience store and marijuana dispensary on the other side. The elevation of the pass is marked as 1,800 feet (550 m) but has been variously reported as 1,840 feet (560 m) or 1,808 feet (551 m).

## History

In the 18th century, a trail across the pass formed part of the historic El Camino Real connecting Mission Santa Clara de Asís with Mission Santa Cruz, likely along a route followed earlier by Native Americans. Lakes near the summit made the place a popular fishing and swimming spot until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused them to dry up. In 1940, State Route 17 replaced the Soquel San Jose Road through the pass; the old alignment still crosses the pass, a short distance to the east of State Route 17, as the Old Santa Cruz Highway. A Southern Pacific passenger train line through the pass, from Los Gatos to Olympia, opened in 1880 but closed again after storms in early 1940 caused mudslides and washouts on the line.

## Name

The pass was historically called Cuesta de Los Gatos (Spanish for "Wildcat Ridge") by John C. Frémont, but the same name may refer more generally to that part of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The pass itself was renamed to Patchen Pass in the 1970s by several local government bodies, at the instigation of local politician Albert B. Smith and over the objections of local historians. The name "Patchen" comes from the nearby ghost town of Patchen; in turn, the town of Patchen may have been named after a famous race horse, or possibly after the activity of sewing patches on clothes. Locally, the pass is more often referred to as "the Summit" than by either of its official names. Alternatively, taking the route over the pass is called going "over the hill".
# SERT-1

SERT-1 (Space Electric Rocket Test) was a NASA probe used to test electrostatic ion thruster design and was built by NASA's Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn). SERT-1 was the first spacecraft to utilize ion engine design. It was launched on July 20, 1964 on a Scout rocket. It carried two electric propulsion engines; of the two, the first, an electron-bombardment ion engine ("Kaufman ion thruster") was run for a total of 31 minutes and 16 seconds. This was the first time that an ion engine of any type had been operated in space, and demonstrated that the neutralizer worked as predicted. (A second thruster, of a different type, failed to operate.)
The test was followed by the SERT-II probe, launched into a 1000-km-high polar orbit on February 3, 1970, which demonstrated two mercury thrusters operating for 2011 hrs and 3781 hrs in space. Up to 300 thruster restarts were demonstrated.
The SERT rocket tests demonstrated ion engine technology that was later used on the Deep Space 1 probe and later missions.

## Technical Papers

Sovey, J. S., Rawlin, V. K., and Patterson, M. J.: "Ion Propulsion Development Projects in U. S.: Space Electric Rocket Test 1 to Deep Space 1," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 17, No. 3, May–June 2001, pp. 517–526.
RCA Astro-Electronics Division, SUMMARY REPORT on the DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERT I SPACECRAFT, NASA CR-54243 available at NTIS (accessed May 11, 2012).
# Pat Michie

Patricia Therese Michie FASSA (née O'Hara) is Emeritus Professor of Psychology, and co-director of the Schizophrenia Program of the Priority Research Centre in Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health at the University of Newcastle.

## Career

Michie's significant research in mismatch negativity (MMN) provided the first evidence for MMN as a potential early marker for schizophrenia. Her collaboration in this area with Dr Rebbekah Atkinson and Professor Ulrich Schall (also from the University of Newcastle), found two potential markers, which could allow early intervention, and potentially increase the chance of successful long-term treatments. Their resulting paper, published in Biological Psychiatry in 2012, was one of the most highly cited papers that year, as reported by the Schizophrenic Research Institute.
Since her retirement, in May 2009, she has focussed on animal models of schizophrenia using MMN as an endophenotype. She has also published extensively on auditory and visual selection attention, stop-signal inhibition and task-switching. She now works full-time in research with no administrative or teaching responsibilities. She has on-going research collaborators with numerous colleagues at the University of Newcastle, and with other Australian researchers based in Perth, Sydney, Wollongong, Melbourne and Brisbane as well international researchers in Finland and Japan.

## Qualifications

* PhD, Macquarie University
* Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of New England – graduated 1963

## Current positions

* Emeritus Professor of Psychology
* Co-director of the Schizophrenia Program of the Priority Research Centre in Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health at the University of Newcastle
* Elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
* Chair of the National Committee of Brain and Mind of the Australian Academy of Science

## Prior positions

Prior to retirement, Michie held the positions of:
* Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research)
* Pro-Vice Chancellor (Research), and
* Professor of Psychology at the University of Newcastle.
Michie also previously held professorial positions at the University of Western Australia and Macquarie University.

## Publications

Michie has a large number of published journal articles and conference papers, dating back to 1970. for a complete list refer to her staff profile at the University of Newcastle.

## Media references

* All in the mind: Fragmented Minds Part 2 – ABC Radio National Podcast. Lynne Malcolm: Saturday 8 April 2006 1:00PM
* Newcastle Herald Article: University in schizophrenia DNA breakthrough By BELINDA-JANE DAVIS 23 July 2014, 10 p.m
* The Maitland Mercury: Insight into schizophrenia By Emma Swain 24 July 2014, midnight