OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nissl body

In cellular neuroscience, Nissl bodies (also called Nissl granules, Nissl substance or tigroid substance) are discrete granular structures in neurons that consist of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a collection of parallel, membrane-bound cisternae studded with ribosomes on the cytosolic surface of the membranes. Nissl bodies were named after Franz Nissl, a German neuropathologist who invented the staining method bearing his name (Nissl staining). The term "Nissl bodies" generally refers to discrete clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in nerve cells. Masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in some non-neuronal cells, where they are referred to as ergastoplasm, basophilic bodies, or chromophilic substance. While these organelles differ in some ways from Nissl bodies in neurons, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum are generally linked to the copious production of proteins.

## Staining

"Nissl stains" refers to various basic dyes that selectively label negatively charged molecules such as DNA and RNA. Because ribosomes are rich in ribosomal RNA, they are strongly basophilic ("base-loving"). The dense accumulation of membrane-bound and free ribosomes in Nissl bodies results in their intense coloration by Nissl stains, allowing them to be seen with a light microscope.

## Size and distribution

Nissl bodies occur in the somata and dendrites of neurons, though not in the axon or axon hillock. They vary in size, shape, and intracellular location; they are most conspicuous in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, where they appear as large, blocky assemblies. In other neurons, they may be smaller, and in some (such as the granule neurons of the cerebellar cortex) very little rough endoplasmic reticulum is present. The pattern of coloration with Nissl stains once was used to classify neurons. For various reasons, this practice has largely ceased, but specific neuronal types do manifest characteristic types of Nissl bodies.

## Functional role

The functions of Nissl bodies are thought to be the same as those of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in general, primarily the synthesis and segregation of proteins. Similar to the ergastoplasm of glandular cells, Nissl bodies are the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm. The ultrastructure of Nissl bodies suggests they are primarily concerned with the synthesis of proteins for intracellular use.

## Pathology

Nissl bodies show changes under various physiological conditions and in pathological conditions such as axonotmesis, during which they may dissolve and largely disappear (chromatolysis). If the neuron is successful in repairing the damage, the Nissl bodies gradually reappear and return to their characteristic distribution within the cell.
# Velimir Sombolac

Velimir Sombolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир Сомболац; 27 February 1939 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian footballer and manager. He was part of the Yugoslav squad that won gold at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

## Playing career
### Club

Following the steps of his elder brother Petar, he started playing in his hometown club FK BSK Banja Luka where he, with his team, surprisingly achieved the third place in the Yugoslav national youth championship. After this success, BSK coach Aco Mastala received a proposal to move to the city's main club FK Borac Banja Luka, which he accepted and brought along some of the players that helped him previously, between them, obviously, Velimir Sombolac. While in Borac, Velimir's good exhibitions didn't pass unnoticed, and, beside starting to represent the Yugoslav under-21 team, two seasons after he came there, received an invitation to move to one of the greatest Yugoslav clubs, the Belgrade's FK Partizan. There, playing alongside stars like Milutin Šoškić, Milan Galić, Fahrudin Jusufi, and others, he played six seasons with a total of 260 matches, being national champion on four occasions. In 1965 he moved to NK Olimpija Ljubljana where he played until 1970. Together with Mišo Smajlović, Arslanagić and, again, Šoškić, they would make Olimpija one of the most attractive Yugoslav First League teams. In 1970, instead of moving abroad, as many other Yugoslav players in that period and with his age did, he moved to Second League NK Orijent where he would play one season, before returning to FK Borac Banja Luka where he hung up his boots in 1973.

### International

After having played ten matches for the Yugoslav U-21 team, and also five for the national "B" team, he was in the Olympic team that represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, and where Yugoslavia won the gold eliminating hosts Italy in the semi-finals, and beating Denmark ( 3–1 ) in the final. Sombolac played five matches for the Yugoslavia national football team, his final being a September 1960 Olympic Games match against Italya.

## Managerial career

Right after retiring, in 1973, he took charge of a small regional club called FK Sloga Gornji Pogradci, that provided him with crucial experience for returning, in 1974, to Borac, to become the assistant manager until 1976. During these years, Borac played one Yugoslav Cup final, also played in the European Cup Winners Cup and gained promotion to the Yugoslav First League. Then he took charge as main manager of FK Kozara Gradiška. After three seasons there, he stayed in the club, but he found his true vocation, which was working with youth.
After the break-up of Yugoslavia, he worked at the Football Association of Republika Srpska, helping to form all the youth category teams. From 1998 to 2001, he was the head coach of the Republika Srpska official football team.

## Honours
### Club
#### Partizan

* Yugoslav First League (4): 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1964–65

### National team
#### Yugoslavia

* 1960 Summer Olympics: Gold medal
# Veltdalseggi

Veltdalseggi is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,752-metre (5,748 ft) tall mountain is located in the Tafjordfjella mountains and inside the Reinheimen National Park, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northeast of the village of Grotli. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Sponghøi to the east, Høggøymen and Dørkampen to the southeast, Vulueggi to the southwest, Tordsnose to the west, and Karitinden to the north.
# Nitraria billardierei

Nitraria billardierei, commonly known as nitre bush or dillon bush, is a perennial shrub native to Australia. It is often found in saline areas or other areas which have been disturbed. This species produces flowers predominantly in spring, with small ovoid or oblong fruit (drupe) that are purple, red or golden. The fruit are edible, said to taste like salty grapes. They were eaten, sometimes whole, including the stone, by indigenous Australians such as the Wemba-Wemba. The English name "dillon" is from Wemba Wemba dilanj. Fruit can also be made into jam or dried and stored. It is a broad and low shrub, up to 2 metres (7 ft) high and 4 m wide.
Nitre bush is found across all mainland states of Australia. The plant's spread and germination in areas of heavy clay soil is assisted by the fruit's consumption by emus.
# Noah Merl

Noah Merl (born June 4, 1983, in Walnut Creek, California) is a psychotherapist for athletes and performers throughout the state of California. Noah is a former American professional soccer player, who played collegiate soccer at the University of California, Berkeley, and professionally for the Seattle Sounders. After retiring in 2008, he pursued a career in psychotherapy, attending graduate school at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Noah then returned to California where he continues to work as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker while living with his wife and 3 children. In 2022 Noah started Athletic Acumen, his own private practice specializing in psychotherapy services specifically for elite athletes and performers.

## Career
### College and amateur

Merl attended the University of California, Berkeley where he played college soccer from 2001 to 2004 and was captain his last 2 years. During the 2004 collegiate off season, he spent the summer with Orange County Blue Star of the USL Premier Development League. During his final game with Cal, in the NCAA tournament at Southern Methodist University, Noah tore his PCL in his left knee, leading to a year-long recovery.

### Professional

Merl was drafted in the third round (29th overall) of the 2005 MLS Supplemental Draft by the San Jose Earthquakes despite being injured, though he never played a first team game with the team, playing three games with their reserves before being released at the end of the season.
On April 10, 2006, he signed with Seattle Sounders of the USL First Division, and spent the next three seasons with the team, playing 21 games in his first season, and finishing his career there with 65 appearances. Noah represented the United States at the 2007 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Following the demise of the USL1-1 Sounders at the end of 2008, Merl retired from professional soccer and pursued a career as a mental health therapist, currently licensed in California.

## Honors
### Seattle Sounders

* USL First Division Championship (1): 2007
* USL First Division Commissioner's Cup (1): 2007
# Noche de Pasión (song)

"Noche de Pasión" is a song by Dominican singer-songwriter, Frank Reyes. It was released on July 24, 2014, under Venevision International Music and Universal Music Latin Entertainment. It serves as the second single for his seventeenth studio album, Noche de Pasión (2014).

## Charts

| Chart (2014-15) | Peak position |
| Dominican Republic Bachata (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Dominican Republic General (Monitor Latino) | 2 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 31 |
| US Latin Airplay (Billboard) | 29 |
# Venturicidin

Venturicidins (also known as aabomycins) are a group of antifungal compounds. The first member of this class was isolated from Streptomyces bacteria in 1961. Additional members of this class were subsequently isolated and characterized. An antifungal substance "aabomycin A" was isolated from Streptomyces in 1969. However, in 1990 it was reported that aabomycin A is actually a 3:1 mixture of two related components, which were then named aabomycin A1 and aabomycin A2. The structures of these were shown to be identical with those of the previously characterized compounds venturicidin A and venturicidin B, respectively. A new analog, venturicidin C, was recently reported from a Streptomyces isolated from thermal vents associated with the Ruth Mullins coal fire in Kentucky.
Venturicidins are active against Pyricularia oryzae and Trichophyton species.

## Chemical structures

* Venturicidin A (aabomycin A1)
* Venturicidin B (aabomycin A2)
# No Woman, No Cry (film)

No Woman, No Cry is a 2010 documentary film about maternal death, directed by Christy Turlington. The film premiered at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.
# Venus Equilateral (collection)

Venus Equilateral is a collection of science fiction short stories by American writer George O. Smith. The stories belong to Smith's Venus Equilateral series. The collection was first published in 1947 by Prime Press in an edition of 3,000 copies. "Mad Holiday" was written for this collection. The other stories first appeared in the magazine Astounding.

## Contents

* Introduction, by John W. Campbell, Jr.
* "QRM—Interplanetary"
* "Calling the Empress"
* "Recoil"
* "Off the Beam"
* "The Long Way"
* "Beam Pirate"
* "Firing Line"
* "Special Delivery"
* "Pandora’s Millions"
* "Mad Holiday"
* "The External Triangle"
* "Epilogue: Identity"
# Noisy-le-Roi station

Noisy-le-Roi station (French: Gare de Noisy-le-Roi) is a railway station in the town Noisy-le-Roi, Yvelines department, northern France. It is on the western part of the Grande Ceinture line.
Until 6 July 2019, it was part of Transilien Line L, and became part of Île-de-France tramway Line 13 Express on 6 July 2022.
# Noisy-le-Sec

Noisy-le-Sec (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 8.6 km (5.3 mi) from the center of Paris.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,272 | — |
| 1800 | 1,397 | +1.35% |
| 1806 | 1,455 | +0.68% |
| 1821 | 1,531 | +0.34% |
| 1831 | 1,773 | +1.48% |
| 1836 | 1,876 | +1.14% |
| 1841 | 2,363 | +4.72% |
| 1846 | 1,983 | −3.45% |
| 1851 | 2,010 | +0.27% |
| 1856 | 2,156 | +1.41% |
| 1861 | 2,549 | +3.41% |
| 1866 | 2,976 | +3.15% |
| 1872 | 2,934 | −0.24% |
| 1876 | 3,170 | +1.95% |
| 1881 | 3,897 | +4.22% |
| 1886 | 4,823 | +4.36% |
| 1891 | 5,772 | +3.66% |
| 1896 | 8,105 | +7.03% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 9,759 | +3.78% |
| 1906 | 10,836 | +2.12% |
| 1911 | 13,648 | +4.72% |
| 1921 | 16,306 | +1.80% |
| 1926 | 18,835 | +2.93% |
| 1931 | 22,332 | +3.46% |
| 1936 | 22,359 | +0.02% |
| 1946 | 16,340 | −3.09% |
| 1954 | 22,337 | +3.99% |
| 1962 | 31,187 | +4.26% |
| 1968 | 34,079 | +1.49% |
| 1975 | 37,734 | +1.47% |
| 1982 | 36,880 | −0.33% |
| 1990 | 36,309 | −0.19% |
| 1999 | 37,312 | +0.30% |
| 2007 | 38,802 | +0.49% |
| 2012 | 40,161 | +0.69% |
| 2017 | 44,136 | +1.91% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Heraldry

| Arms of Noisy-le-Sec | The arms of Noisy-le-Sec are blazoned : Azure, 2 stalks of wheat in saltire between 3 nuts and a bunch of grapes slipped and leaved argent. |

## Transport

Noisy-le-Sec is served by Noisy-le-Sec station on Paris RER line E.

## Education

Schools:
* 12 preschools
* 9 elementary schools
* One combined preschool and elementary school
* Two junior high schools: Collège Cassin and Collège Prévert
* Collège et lycée Olympe-de-Gouges (combined junior and senior high school)
* Lycée professionnel Théodore-Monod (senior high school)

## Personalities

* Jean Delannoy, filmmaker
* Amandine Buchard, judoka
* Hassoun Camara, footballer
* Féfé, rapper and singer, member of the Saian Supa Crew
* Albin Lermusiaux (1874–1940), runner and shooter
* French singer Eddy Mitchell lived in the city after his marriage in 1961
* Hip hop group La Caution
* Siné, cartoonist
* Boubakary Soumare, footballer
* Thomas Jordier, sprinter
# Venusia syngenes

Venusia syngenes is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Wehrli in 1931. It is found in China.
# Noli (disambiguation)

Noli is a commune of Liguria, Italy.
Noli may also refer to:

## People
### Given name

* Noli de Castro (born 1949), 14th Vice President of the Philippines and journalist
* Noli Eala, former commissioner of the Philippine Basketball Association
* Noli Francisco (1941–2017), American poker player
* Noli Locsin (born 1971), Filipino basketball player

### Surname

* Andrea Noli (born 1972), Mexican actress
* António de Noli (born 1415 or 1419), Genoese nobleman and first Governor of Cape Verde
* Fan S. Noli (1882–1965), Albanian scholar, politician, and founder of the Albanian Orthodox Church

## Countries

* Republic of Noli, former Italian republic

## Other uses

* Noli railway station, in Pakistan
# Verizon Pennsylvania

Verizon Pennsylvania LLC, formerly traded as Bell of Pennsylvania, is the Bell Operating Company serving most of Pennsylvania. The company was founded in 1879 as Bell Telephone Company of Philadelphia, owned by National Bell Telephone Company, which later became American Bell.
In 1899, the company became a subsidiary of American Telephone and Telegraph Company following its buyout of American Bell.
The company is separate from Verizon North, which consists of former GTE-owned assets in rural Pennsylvania.

## History

The company was founded in 1879 to serve Philadelphia. In 1907, the company changed its name to The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, a name under which it began to expand.
In 1918, the company embarked on a series of acquisitions enlarging its coverage area from Philadelphia to statewide. In 1918, it acquired Central District Telephone. In 1924, it acquired Pittsburgh and Allegheny Telephone.
In 1925, Bell of Pennsylvania made a $1.84 million acquisition of telephone exchanges in Wayne, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Berks, Bucks, Montgomery, and Schuylkill counties from Lehigh Telephone. It also acquired Tri-State Telephone and Pennsylvania State Telephone that year. In 1926, it acquired Stroudsburg and Bushkill Telephone and Meadville Telephone. In 1927, it acquired Home Telephone Company, Blairsville Telephone Company, Summerville Telephone Company, Brookville Telephone Company, and Huntington & Clearfield Telephone Company.
In April 1930, The company acquired Lehigh Telephone. During 1930, it also exchanged assets with Cumberland Valley Telephone Company in Dauphin, Mifflin, and Cumberland Counties. In 1932 Bell acquired properties of Clinton Telephone, which operated in portions of Lycoming and Clinton Counties. In 1944, it acquired Keystone Telephone Company of Philadelphia for $13.4 million.

## Post-Divestiture

In 1984, the Bell System Divestiture split Bell of Pennsylvania off into a Regional Bell Operating Company, along with the 21 other BOCs AT&T had a majority stake in. On January 1, 1984, Bell of Pennsylvania became part of Bell Atlantic.
Throughout the 1980s to the first half of the 1990s, Bell of Pennsylvania, also called Pennsylvania Bell, kept its traditional identity. In 1994, Bell Atlantic started rebranding all its companies to Bell Atlantic-(state), so Bell of Pennsylvania became Bell Atlantic - Pennsylvania, Inc. In 2000, after the Bell Atlantic-GTE merger, the corporation changed its name to Verizon, and so Bell of Pennsylvania once again changed its name, this time to Verizon Pennsylvania, Inc.
In 2012, Verizon created a Delaware limited liability company named Verizon Pennsylvania LLC. Verizon Pennsylvania, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, was then legally merged into the Delaware-based LLC.
The company's headquarters in Philadelphia are shared with Verizon Delaware, an arrangement that has existed since the Bell System existed.
# Verena Jooß

Verena Jooß (born 9 January 1979 in Ettlingen or Karlsruhe) is a German road and track cyclist.
She won the bronze medal at the 2006 World University Cycling Championship in the time trial behind Ellen van Dijk and Loes Gunnewijk. In 2008 she rode with the German team in the team pursuit to the bronze medal at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and finished 10th in the individual pursuit. Jooß competed on the track at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the women's individual pursuit, where she finished 11th. She also rode the women's points race but did not finish.

## Achievements
### 2004

    National Champion, individual pursuit

### 2005

    National Champion, individual pursuit

### 2006

    2006 World University Cycling Championship, time trial

### 2007

    National Champion, individual pursuit

### 2008

    1st World Cup in Copenhagen, Team Pursuit
    3th 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, Team pursuit

### 2009

    2nd 2009-2010 World Cup in Manchester, Team Pursuit

### 2010

    European Track Championships, Team pursuit

### 2011

    National Champion, team sprint
# Nocardiopsis tropica

Nocardiopsis tropica is a bacterium from the genus Nocardiopsis.
# Vesna Stojanović

Vesna Stojanović (born 24 January 1973) is a Serbian former football striker. She played in Serbia and Greece, appearing in the UEFA Women's Cup with Mašinac Niš and AE Aegina.
She was a member of the Serbian national team for fourteen years.
# Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a form of endocarditis in which small sterile vegetations are deposited on the valve leaflets. Formerly known as marantic endocarditis, which comes from the Greek marantikos, meaning "wasting away". The term "marantic endocarditis" is still sometimes used to emphasize the association with a wasting state such as cancer.

## Risk factors

Marantic vegetations are often associated with previous rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include:
* hypercoagulable states
* malignant cancers, especially mucin-producing adenocarcinomas (most commonly associated with pancreatic adenocarcinomas)
* systemic lupus erythematosus: Referred to as Libman-Sacks endocarditis
* trauma (e.g., catheters)
* Antiphospholipid syndrome

### Valve predilection

The disease affects the valves with following predilection: mitral valve > aortic valve > tricuspid valve > pulmonary valve

## Histopathology

Grossly, vegetations form along lines of valve closure and are generally symmetric with a smooth or verrucoid (warty) texture. Histologically, lesions are composed of fibrin (eosinophilic) and platelets but, unlike bacterial etiologies, contain little evidence of PMNs, microorganisms or inflammation.

## Diagnosis

Due to the non-invasive nature of NBTE, clinical examination may or may not reveal a new murmur. An embolic stroke may be the first feature to suggest diagnosis of NBTE. An echocardiogram is essential for visualization of the mass.
# Vern Rutsala

Vern Rutsala (February 5, 1934 – April 2, 2014) was an American poet. Born in McCall, Idaho, he was educated at Reed College (B.A.) and the Iowa Writers' Workshop (M.F.A.). He taught English and creative writing at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon for more than forty years, before retiring in 2004. He also taught for short periods at the University of Minnesota, Bowling Green State University, University of Redlands, and the University of Idaho, and served in the U.S. Army, 1956–58. He died in Oregon on April 2, 2014.

## Books

* The Window (1964)
* Small Songs: A Sequence, Stone Wall Press (1969)
* The Harmful State (1971)
* Laments (1975)
* The Journey Begins (1976)
* Paragraphs (1978)
* The New Life (1978)
* Walking Home from the Icehouse (1981)
* The Mystery of the Lost Shoes (1985)
* Backtracking (1985)
* Ruined Cities (1987)
* Selected Poems (1991)
* Little-known Sports (1994)
* The Moment's Equation (2004)
* A Handbook for Writers: New and Selected Prose Poems (2004)
* How We Spent Our Time (2006)
* The Long Haul (2015)

## Awards

* National Endowment for the Arts fellowships (1974, 1979)
* Northwest Poets Prize (1975)
* Guggenheim Fellowship (1982)
* Carolyn Kizer Poetry Prize (1988)
* Masters Fellowship from the Oregon Arts Commission (1990)
* Oregon Book Award (1992)
* Juniper Prize (1994)
* Richard Snyder Prize (2003)
* finalist, National Book Award for Poetry (2005)
# Vernier

Vernier may refer to:
* Vernier, Switzerland
* Vernier (surname)
* Pierre Vernier, French mathematician and inventor of the Vernier scale
* Vernier scale, a secondary measuring device
* Vernier thruster, a secondary control mechanism on spacecraft
* Vernier throttle, a secondary control mechanism on aircraft
* Vernier Software & Technology, an educational technology supplier
* Vernier acuity, a type of visual acuity
# Vernier (surname)

Vernier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Émile Louis Vernier (1829–1887), French painter
* Marie Vernier (fl. 1590–1627), French actress and theatre director
* Pierre Vernier (1580–1637), French mathematician and engineer
* Pierre Vernier (born 1931), French actor
# Veten Mountain

Veten Mountain (72°37′S 3°50′W﻿ / ﻿72.617°S 3.833°W﻿ / -72.617; -3.833) is a mountain about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) northwest of Hogskavlen Mountain in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named Veten, meaning "the beacon."
This article incorporates public domain material from "Veten Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Princess Martha Coast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vernoux

Vernoux (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.