OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Davies (palaeontologist)

William Davies, FGS (13 July 1814 – 13 February 1891) was a British palaeontologist.

## Life

Davies was born on 13 July 1814 at Holywell, Flintshire. His father was Thomas Davies and his mother was Elizabeth Turner. He studied botany and in 1843 began work at the Geology Department of the British Museum, first also in the field of mineralogy, later specialising in vertebrate palaeontology. On 1 April 1846 he joint the Survey as a Fossil Collector. Davies assisted Sir Antonio Brady in his work on collecting Pleistocene mammal fossils, and Brady acknowledged his debt to Davies in Catalogue of Pleistocene Mammalia from Ilford, Essex (1874). Excavating a large mammoth skull, Davies used the innovation of surrounding the fossil, in the field, with plaster of Paris, reinforced by iron bars. In 1874 he salvaged the Dacentrurus holotype. Davies was awarded the inaugural Murchison Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1873, and was made a fellow (FGS) in 1877. In 1875, he was made an Assistant, responsible for the entire fossil collection of the museum, and in 1880 was promoted Assistant First Class. In 1880, Davies supervised the transfer of the museum's collections to new buildings in the Natural History Museum.
Davies was very active in the collecting and mounting of fish fossils. He trained the fish expert Arthur Smith Woodward. Davies during his life published fifteen scientific papers. The dinosaur Thecospondylus daviesi was named after him.
Davies retired in 1887, and died at his home at Labdens, Colliers End, Hertford, on 13 February 1891. Even after his retirement he remained active in the field and proofread many palaeontological publications. It was said of William Davies that: "his extensive knowledge was ever at the service of others, for he was one of those men who cared more for the advancement of science than of himself."

## Family

Davises married twice, and had two children (a son and daughter) by his first wife. His son, Thomas Davies (1837–1892), became a mineralogist, editor of the Mineralogical Magazine, and like his father worked at the British Museum.
# Pander Society

The Pander Society is an informal organisation founded in 1967 for the promotion of the study of conodont palaeontology. It publishes an annual newsletter. Although there are regular meetings of the Pander Society, at the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, at European Conodont Symposia (ECOS for short), and elsewhere, any meeting of three or more "Panderers" is considered an official meeting of the "Pander Society". The society is headed by the Chief Panderer, currently Maria Cristina Perri of the Università di Bologna. The society confers two awards, the Pander Medal for a lifetime of achievement in conodont palaeontology, and the Hinde Medal for an outstanding contribution to conodont palaeontology by a young Panderer.
Heinz Christian Pander (1794–1865) is credited as the first scientist to describe primitive creatures known as conodonts.

## Previous Chief Panderers

* Peter von Bitter
* Richard Aldridge
* Raymond L. Ethington
* Walter C. Sweet

## Pander Medalists

* John Huddle
* Samuel Ellison
* Walter Sweet
* Anita G. Harris
* Carl Rexroad
* Ray Ethington
* William Furnish
* Heinz Beckmann
* Willi Ziegler
* Maurits Lindström
* Gilbert Klapper
* Stig Bergström
* Klaus Müller
* Lennart Jeppsson
* Richard Aldridge
* Pierre Bultynck
* Peter Carls

## Hinde Medallists

* Mark Purnell (2006)
# William Harlan Hale

William Harlan Hale (1910 – July 1974) was an American writer, journalist, and editor.

## Life and career

Hale was born in New York City, the son of William Bayard and Olga Unger Hale. He attended Riverdale Country School. Hale was considered "one of Yale's brightest of bright young men" in his youth, and co-founded the campus magazine Harkness Hoot.
In 1931, he married Jean Laughlin Barker of Santa Fe; they had two daughters and a son. In religion he was a lifelong Episcopalian and in politics, a Democrat.
Hale was associate editor of Vanity Fair in 1932, a columnist for The Washington Post in 1933–34, and editorial associate at Fortune from 1934 to 1936. His first book was Challenge to Defeat: Goethe's World and Spengler's Century (1932). In 1938, he published a novel, titled Hannibal Hooker. He also wrote an adventure novel, A Yank in the RAF (1940).
In an historical vein, Hale wrote a popular history of America, The March of Freedom (1946) and a biography of Horace Greeley, Horace Greeley, Voice of the People (1950; paperback reprint, 1961).
In World War II, Hale served in Army intelligence (Office of War Information, Psychological Warfare Branch of the Allied Expeditionary Force, writing memoranda on German public opinion), and worked again for military intelligence from 1948 to 1949. He visited Buchenwald on April 12, 1945.
Hale worked as a journalist in Austria from 1950 to 1953. He was editor of The New Republic (1946–47), the Reporter, and Horizon (1958). He was the author of The Horizon Book of Ancient Greece (1965) and The Horizon Book of Eating and Drinking Through the Ages (1968). Articles for American Heritage formed the basis for his Innocence Abroad (1958).
Hale's papers are in the Yale University Library.
# Pandu block

Pandu block is one of the administrative blocks of Palamu district, Jharkhand state, India. According to census (2001), the block has a population of 74,464. The block has 71 villages. It is named for Pandu.
| Name of Panchayat | No of Village | Population |
| Lumba Satbahini | 6 | 5238 |
| Lahar Banjari | 3 | 5598 |
| Murma Kala | 3 | 5415 |
| Murma Khurd | 4 | 4569 |
| Tisibar Kala | 5 | 5055 |
| Dala Kala | 7 | 4783 |
| Fuliya | 11 | 4376 |
| Kutmu | 1 | 5994 |
| Pandu | 4 | 5834 |
| Mahugawan | 6 | 5513 |
| Sildili | 7 | 5349 |
| Musikhap | 5 | 5191 |
| Kajru Kala | 3 | 5304 |
| Ratnag | 6 | 6269 |
Now one more Block, Untari Road has been created from Pandu Block.
There is one Government Hospital, and many Registered Pvt Clinics.
One Branch of Vananchal Gramin bank is taking care of financial needs for the People of this reason.
There exists following facilities in Block Headquarter Pandu:
* BSNL Telephone exchange (Burnt by Maoists several years ago)
* Post Office
* Police Station
* Kalyan High School(Govt)
* Kasturba Gandhi Girls High School (Govt Residential)
* Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi Girls High School (Govt. Aided)
* Government Middle School
* Girls Middle School(Govt.)
* Gyan Jyoti Public School
* SS Public School
* Gyan Niketan Public School
* Saraswati Shishu Mandir(school)
* One PYKKA center is functioning under able leadership of Ktidashree Sanjay Pandey
Pandu is well connected throu Bus from Garhwa, Daltonganj and Rehla.
Nearest Railway station is Untari Road - 12 km, Garwa Road - 15 km, Garhwa - 22 km, DaltonGanj 30 km (Ariel distance)
Nearest Airport is - Ranchi - 180 km, Patna - 187 km, Varanasi- 150 km
# Pamber

Pamber is a civil parish located in the north of Hampshire, England, near the border with Berkshire. The parish population at the 2011 Census was 2,613. It contains four settlements: Pamber Heath, Pamber Green, Pamber End and Little London.
Formerly part of Basingstoke Rural District, it is now part of Basingstoke and Deane district.
# William Kent (MP)

William Kent (died 1632), of Dinton, Wiltshire; later of Durrington and Boscombe House, East Boscombe, Wiltshire, was an English estate manager and politician.
The son of a Wiltshire gentleman farmer, the proceeds from his employment as an estate manager for the 3rd and 4th earls of Pembroke enabled him to buy East Boscombe manor (with 430 acres at the time of his death) along with other land nearby.
He was a Member (MP) for Devizes in the short-lived Parliament of 1614.
Kent was married in or before 1604. His wife, whose name is not recorded, predeceased him; they had one son, also William (d. 1666).
# William Kent (Irish politician)

William Rice Kent (27 February 1873 – 8 March 1956) was an Irish politician from County Cork.
Kent and three brothers—Thomas, David and Richard—were involved in a gunfight with the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) at their home, Bawnard, in Castlelyons, County Cork in May 1916, following the Easter Rising, in which Richard was killed, as well as a head constable. Thomas was court-martialled for the killing and executed, and David was sentenced to death, which was commuted to life imprisonment, but William was acquitted.
He was first elected as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork East constituency at the September 1927 general election. He lost his seat at the 1932 general election. He was elected as a National Centre Party TD at the 1933 general election. Unlike the other members of his party, he did not join Fine Gael when the National Centre Party merged with Cumann na nGaedheal in September 1933. He did not contest the 1937 general election.
His brother David Kent was a Sinn Féin TD for Cork East from 1918 to 1927.
# Paniots Nine

Paniots Nine is an album by saxophonist and composer Joe Maneri which was recorded as a demo for Atlantic Records in 1963 and released on the Avant label in 1998 with an additional live recording from 1981.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek stated "This album is revelatory, capturing the use of weirdo time signatures like 9/8 in soloing and improvising, laced through with strange intervals and mode changes, and full of joy and drama. The boundaries blur between Eastern European wedding music and free jazz. The whirling clarinets and bowed bass played against a drummer who refused the traditional (in jazz, anyway) concept of rhythm in favor of counterrhythm atop the entire band, with the piano trailing in a rush. ... Paniots Nine provides the chance to hear his already well-developed ideas put into practice, and it is a delight".

## Track listing

All compositions by Joe Maneri except where noted
* "Paniots Nine" (Peter Dolger) – 3:23
* "Shift Your Tail" – 5:53
* "Sopra" – 4:26
* "After Myself" – 5:17
* "Mountains" – 5:30
* "Why Don't You Go Far Away" – 3:58
* "The Horse" (Peter Dolger) – 6:21
* "Jewish Concert" – 11:15

## Personnel

* Joe Maneri – tenor saxophone, clarinet
* Don Burns (tracks 1–7), Greg Silberman (track 8) – piano
* John Beal – bass (tracks 1–7)
* Pete Dolger – drums (tracks 1–7)
# Panionius of Chios

Panionius of Chios (in Greek: Πανιώνιος) was a slave trader who lived in the late 6th to early 5th century BC, mentioned by the historian Herodotus as one of the first known named slave traders.
Originating from the island of Chios, Panionius bought young boys after castrating them, to resell them in Sardis, Ephesus, and the Persian-dominated region of Asia Minor. Hermotimus, one of the slaves he sold, later became the favorite eunuch of the Persian king Xerxes.
Herodotus recounts that while Xerxes was in Sardis preparing to attack Athens, Hermotimus visited the city of Atarneus in Mysia, which was farmed by people from Chios, and there he coincidentally met Panionius. Hermotimus showed him great kindness, "for all the good he had done to him", and promised a reward out of gratitude if he would come to his house with his entire family. Lured by these offers, Panionius went to Hermotimus with his wife and children. Once he had Panionius and his family in his power, he said:
   Tell me, you who have made a livelihood out of the wickedest trade on earth, what harm had I or any of my forefathers done to you or yours, that you made me to be no man, but a thing of nought? You no doubt thought that the gods would have no knowledge of your former practices, but their just law has brought you for your wicked deeds into my hands. Now you will be well content with the fullness of that justice which I will execute upon you.
After these words, Hermotimus ordered Panionius's four children to be brought, and forced him to castrate them himself. Panionius, seeing no other choice, did so. Then, Hermotimus forced the children to perform the same operation on their own father. Thus, says Herodotus, Panionius was punished and Hermotimus took his revenge.
# Paolo de Cupis

Paolo de Cupis (died 1553) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Recanati (1548–1553) and Bishop of Montepeloso (1546–1548).

## Biography

On 27 January 1546, Paolo de Cupis was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul III as Bishop of Montepeloso. On 22 August 1546, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Giacomo Barba, Bishop of Teramo, with Giovanni Andrea Mercurio, Archbishop of Manfredonia, and Jérome Buccaurati, Bishop of Acci, serving as co-consecrators. On 25 February 1548, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul III as Bishop of Recanati. He served as Bishop of Recanati until his death in 1553.
# William Haxworth

William Rupert Monkman Haxworth (1906 - 1985) was a police inspector, soldier and traffic chief in the Colony of Singapore. During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Haxworth was interned at Changi Prison and Sime Road internment camp, where he drew over three hundred paintings and sketches on whatever materials he could obtain depicting living conditions in the internment camps.

## Civil service

Prior to the Fall of Singapore, Haxworth worked as the Chief Investigator of the War Risks Insurance Department of the Singapore Treasury in the Singapore. During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Haxworth was detained by the Japanese and placed in Changi Prison.
After the Japanese surrendered in Singapore, Haxworth was released from internment. He was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Police, and was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Singapore in December 1950. In May 1951, Haxworth succeeded G. D. Hunter-Gray as the traffic chief of Singapore. In March 1952, he received $100,000 to solve the traffic issues in Singapore. In April, he received the approval of the rural board to install roundabouts and traffic signs in certain rural areas.
Haxworth retired from his position in 1954, and left for England on 1 September. He held a farewell dinner at the Wing Choon Yuen restaurant in Great World on 30 August.

## Personal life

During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Haxworth was detained by the Japanese and placed in Changi Prison. He was later transferred to the Sime Road internment camp. During his internment in the internment camps, Haxworth used a variety of materials to create sketches, as he faced a shortage of paper and normal drawing materials. By the end of his internment, he had drawn over three hundred watercolour paintings, pencil sketches and crayon drawings. His drawings frequently portrayed fellow internees in the camps, and depicted fellow internees going from well-built men to being reduced to skin and bones by the end of the war. His paintings also frequently depicted the living conditions of the prisoners in the camp. He also often introduced bits of humour into his drawings.
Haxworth died in 1985. A year after his death, his wife donated the entire set of sketches to the National Archives of Singapore.
# Paolo Guastalvino

Paolo Guastalvino (born 23 June 1979) is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Guastalvino started his career at hometown club Perugia. in 1998 he joined Ancona.

### Vicenza

In summer 2001 Guastalvino was signed by Parma for undisclosed fee along with Andrea Staffolani (1.5 billion lire) but re-sold to Vicenza in co-ownership deal for 2.5 billion lire (€1,291,142). Guastalvino played 28 games in 2001–02 Serie B. Guastalvino was signed by Vicenza outright in June 2002 for undisclosed fee and Parma signed half of Christian Maggio for 4 billion lire (€2,065,827). However, in the next 3 seasons he played a total of 29 games only.

### Lega Pro clubs

Guastalvino left Vicenza in 2005. He played for Sambenedettese and Benevento respectively in 2005–06 season. In August 2006 he settled in Foligno. The club won 2006–07 Serie C2 group B and finished last in 2007 Supercoppa di Lega di Seconda Divisione. He played for the club in Italian third division for 3 seasons, all secured the seat for the next season.

### Serie D clubs

In the summer of 2010 he moved down 2 divisions to Serie D club Castel Rigone for the 2010–11 Serie D season, located in his home province – the province of Perugia.

## Honours
### Foligno

* Serie C2: 2006–07
# Pannonia (Byzantine province)

Pannonia was a Byzantine province, which existed in present-day Syrmia region of Serbia in the 6th century. Its capital was Sirmium (modern-day Sremska Mitrovica).
It differed significantly in its area from the Roman province of Pannonia, and it was subordinate to the Diocese of Dacia.

## Geography

The province was located between the Danube river in the north-east and Sava river in the south. The western border of Byzantine Pannonia stretched approximately to the estuary or river Drina into Sava. Important cities in the area were Sirmium and Bassianae. Byzantine Pannonia bordered Byzantine province of Moesia Prima in the south and Avar Khaganate in the west, north and east.

## History
### Background

Byzantine Pannonia succeeded the name of much bigger classical Roman province of Pannonia. In other words, The Byzantine one covered only a small eastern part of ancient Roman Pannonia. In the 2nd century, the original Roman province was divided into two ones: Pannonia Inferior and Pannonia Superior. Subsequently, the area was subdivided into four provinces finally: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Secunda. Capital of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium.
In the middle of the 5th century, the territory of former Roman Pannonia was ceded to the Huns by Theodosius II, and after the death of Attila it successively passed (entirely or partially) into the hands of the Ostrogoths, Lombards and Gepids.
A contract from 510 assigned most of the territory of former Roman Pannonia (including Sirmium) to the Ostrogoths, while the eastern part of present-day Syrmia (which included the city of Bassianae) was assigned to the Byzantine Empire. In 536, Sirmium was placed under the control of the Gepids. The Lombard–Gepid War (567) ended with a Lombard-Avar victory and annihilation of Gepids, while Sirmium was retaken by the Byzantine Empire.

### Under the Byzantine Empire

From 567 to 573, the Byzantine Empire was in a war with the Avars, who aimed to conquer Byzantine Pannonia. Temporary truce was declared in 573, but the war was resumed. Due to the fact that Byzantine-Persian war also started in this time, the Byzantine Empire was not able to defend Pannonia. The city of Sirmium was finally conquered by the Avars in 582, thus marking end of Roman control of Pannonia since Classical Antiquity.

### Legacy

The Byzantine Empire re-established control over Pannonia in the 11th century, leading to the creation of the Theme of Sirmium to administer the region, but not lasting long.
# Pannone solicitors

Pannone LLP was a law firm based in the UK, with offices in Manchester and London and satellite offices in Cheshire. The firm advises clients throughout the UK and internationally.

## Overview

Emma Holt is the firm’s managing partner and Steven Grant the senior partner. With roots that date back to 1852, it was one of the largest in the Manchester area with over 100 partners, 300 lawyers and a total staff of over 600 people.

## Recognition

Pannone placed in the top six in The Sunday Times 100 Best Companies to Work For list for mid companies each year from 2004 to 2009, and ranked 18th in 2010.
It was taken over by Slater & Gordon in 2014.
# Pandaul Assembly constituency

Pandaul was a assembly constituency in Madhubani district in the Indian state of Bihar. It was reserved for scheduled castes. The constituency was a part of Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Vidhan Sabha

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1952-77: Constituency did not exist ||||
| 1977 | Siya Ram Yadav | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Kumud Ranjan Jha | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1985 | Kumud Ranjan Jha | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Kumud Ranjan Jha | Indian National Congress |
| 1995 | Naiyar Azam | Janata Dal |
| 2000 | Naiyar Azam | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 2005 | Naiyar Azam | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 2005 | Vinod Narayan Jha | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2010 onwards: Constituency does not exist ||||
# Pandaun

Pandaun is a village development committee in Kailali District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3070 living in 536 individual households.
# Air Force Medical Operations Agency

The Air Force Medical Operations Agency (AFMOA), Port San Antonio, Texas (Lackland Annex), oversees execution of the Air Force Surgeon General policies supporting Air Force expeditionary capabilities, healthcare operations, and national security strategy. It provides expert consultative leadership support to 75 military treatment facilities and eleven major commands/direct reporting units to ensure cost-effective, modern, and prevention-based healthcare continuum for 2.1 million beneficiaries worldwide. The AFMOA directs and supports the clinical currency of 43,131 healthcare professionals providing 6.6 million visits and 133,500 bed days. The agency provides clinical and population health data and analysis to AF/SG and MAJCOM surgeons. The agency partners with the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), Secretary of the Air Force, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.

## History

The Air Force Medical Operations Agency sprang from the ashes of the former flight medicine department of the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) in 1992. Though it originally cared for operational matters under the direction of the AF/SG (Surgeon General) as a field-operating unit, as AFMS duties changed, so did those of the AFMOA. The AFMS moved to more of a proactive approach, managing population health rather than episodic care to improve the health and lives of Air Force members and their families. This in turn led to an increase in AFMOA responsibilities; the Agency expanded to optimizing medical resources, radiation protection, aerospace medicine, and clinical excellence, among other interests.
AFMOA was inactivated on June 28, 2019, alongside the Air Force Medical Support Agency, and their functions were consolidated into the new Air Force Medical Readiness Agency.

## Products and Customers
### AF/SG

Implement SG policy, provide expertise needed for policy development, and precise application of resources to requirements

### MAJCOM/SGs

Support MAJCOM Surgeons by addressing healthcare resourcing and operations issues pertinent to their missions

### MTF/CCs

Provide resources, coordinate best processes, data analysis, and clinical expertise for efficient patient-centered healthcare
# Trewern (disambiguation)

Trewern is a village in Powys, Wales.
Trewern may also refer to:
* Trewern Hall or Trewern Farmhouse, a country house in Montgomeryshire, Wales
* Trewern House, one of the Grade II* listed buildings in Powys, Wales
* Trewern Mansion, in the village Llanddewi Velfrey, Pembrokeshire, Wales