OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matti Salminen

Matti Kalervo Salminen (born 7 July 1945) is a Finnish operatic bass, now retired, who has sung at the most important opera houses of the world, including the Metropolitan and Bayreuth Festival. He is distinguished by an imposing figure and height (6' 5"), a cavernous, heavy, dark voice with an expansive upper register, and an expressive face. According to one reviewer, in his prime Salminen was "... simply the largest bass voice in captivity. It is not just its roar in powering over Wagner's maximum orchestra, but the way he carves the sonority and forms the color."
Salminen has a special gift for playing menacing, threatening characters. He performed as Fafner and Hagen in the PBS video broadcast Ring Cycle from the Metropolitan Opera, for the largest viewing-audience of the Ring in history.

## Biography

Salminen was born in Turku. In his youth he earned money for voice lessons by singing Finnish tangos in night clubs. He has published an anthology of Finnish tangos. He first caught public eye as a lucky understudy in the role of King Philip II, when he was just 24 years old. He continued performing this role until (almost) the end of his career; a DVD was released in 2014.
Salminen is a widely video-taped singing actor with three different performances as Hagen available on DVD; also two performances as the Commendatore, several as Sarastro, two as Hunding and two as Daland. Videotaped performances and films are also available as King Phillip II, the Grand Inquisitor, Seneca, Gurnemanz, Pogner, King Marke, Kaspar, Rasputin, Boris Godunov, and Prince Ivan Khovansky.
At the Bayreuth Festival he first appeared in 1976 as Titurel (Parsifal), Hunding (Die Walküre), and Fasolt (Das Rheingold) in the Jahrhundertring (Centenary Ring) in 1976, celebrating the centenary of both the festival and the first performance of the complete cycle, conducted by Pierre Boulez and staged by Patrice Chéreau, recorded and filmed in 1979 and 1980. He continued until 1989 adding Fafner (Das Rheingold, Siegfried), Daland (Der fliegende Holländer), King Marke (Tristan und Isolde), Heinrich (Lohengrin), Pogner (Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg), Landgraf (Tannhäuser) and Hagen (Götterdämmerung) to his roles there. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut as King Marke on 9 January 1981, and performed 132 times there in several roles, until 28 March 2008.
He sang in the premiere of Sallinen's Kuningas Lear in 2000 (King Lear, title role), and Jukka Linkola's Robin Hood in 2011 (Sheriff).
Aside from operatic roles, Salminen also performs in sacred music and concert recitals. He gave a farewell concert at the Zürich Opera House in December 2016.

## Awards and honors

* Salminen has won two Grammy Awards for Best Opera Recording, in 1982 and 1991, both for recordings of Wagner.
* In 2017, Salminen received the ICMA Lifetime Achievement Award.
* In 1988 he received the Pro Finlandia Medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
* He was recognized with the title Kammersänger in three times: in Berlin in 1995, and in Bavaria and Austria in 2003.
# Mauger (Jamaican Patois term)

Mauger or also known as mawga the Jamaican Patois word for 'meagre', is a term used in rural Jamaica for a thin woman. In Jamaica, plumpness is considered to be important or vital to good health. The desired body is plump, full of vital bodily fluids, and the flow of substances through the body is maintained, both of which are contributing factors to good health. Any disruption in this flow or lack of bodily fluids is considered to be unhealthy and contributes to sickness. Being thin is associated with bad health, and is a factor which affects social relationships. According to Elis J. Sobo, "A slim person, especially a slim woman, is called a mauger - meagre and powerless - as if not alive at all, and like a mummy or an empty husk, far beyond that powerfully dangerous state of decay. A thin, dry body reveals a person's non-nurturant nature and his or her lack of social commitment" (p. 262).

## Cultural Beliefs

Being plump is associated with good social relationships, and thin person (mauger) is associated with bad social relationships. With this, unkindness and infertility are associated with a thin person. Food practices in the kitchen, as mentioned before, can give away a person's personality by use of food. For example, ones who do not use salt in their cooking are considered to be mean, as salt is associated with plumpness, meaning good health and good social relationships with others. Another example would be the purchase of store-bought foods.
# Von KleinSmid Mansion

The von KleinSmid Mansion was built for the von KleinSmid family of the DeKalb County city of Sandwich, Illinois, in the mid-nineteenth century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The building is located on Sandwich's West Center Street, and is under private ownership.
It was the childhood home of Rufus B. von KleinSmid, former President and Chancellor of the University of Southern California (1921-1947, 1947-1964). He became known for his work in international relations and encouragement of foreign students at USC, as well as accomplishing a major capital building program. In the early 20th century, while studying criminal psychology, he became a passionate supporter of eugenics.
# Von Kries

Von Kries may refer to:
* Achim von Kries
* Johannes von Kries
* Von Kries Coefficient Law
# Voice of Reason (Rifle Sport album)

Voice Of Reason is the first album by the Minneapolis band Rifle Sport. It was released in 1983 by Bob Mould's Reflex Records.

## Critical reception

Maximum Rocknroll wrote: "The Gang of Four is the obvious reference point, but these guys add a more powerful and raw guitar sound to the funk rhythms, and occasionally break into more thrashy structures. The recording is excellent."

## Track listing

* "Words Of Reason"
* "Angel Tears"
* "Run & Hide"
* "Danger Streets"
* "Good News Week"
* "Mind Over Matter"
* "Hollow Men"
* "Meet"
* "Church"
* "Keep On Walkin'"
* "Correctional Facility"
* "No Money"
* "Eva Evita"

## Personnel

* J. Christopher - vocals
* Gerard-Jean Boissy - guitar
* Flour - bass guitar
* Jimmy Petroski - drums
# San Rocco, Cameri

San Rocco is a Roman Catholic oratory or small church located on Piazza Dante Alighieri, along with the parish church of San Michele and the church of the Santissimo Sacramento, in the center of Cameri, province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy.

## History

The church was building in the 16th century in a Greek Cross layout with a central octagonal dome with a small lantern. It is claimed that this was the first parish church in Cameri. It likely filled this function after 1583, while the present San Michele was being erected. At some point, perhaps after one of the frequent plague epidemics, the church was dedicated to St Roch.
The interior has a number of frescoes, including one by the 16th century painter Giovanni Angelo De Canta. A fresco of the Madonna and Child was moved here from another building in the 20th century.
# San Javier River

San Javier River may refer to one of two rivers in Argentina:
* San Javier River (Santa Fe), an arm of the Paraná River
* San Javier River (Tucumán)
# San Javier de Alpabamba District

San Javier de Alpabamba District is one of ten districts of the province Paucar del Sara Sara in Peru.
# San Javier Municipality, Beni

San Javier Municipality is a municipality of the Beni Department, Bolivia.
# Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977

The Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977 was passed by the 95th United States Congress and signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on May 23, 1977.
It replaced the percentage standard deduction and minimum standard deduction with a single standard deduction of $3,200 (joint returns) and temporarily extended the general tax credit (maximum of $35/capita or 2% of $9,000 income) through 1978.
# Tax Receivable Agreement

A Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA) is a legal contract where a company agrees to share the economic benefits from certain tax savings with another party. These tax savings may relate to deductions for depreciation, goodwill amortization, and net operating losses.
The first TRAs originated in the early 1990s; since then, TRAs have become increasingly prevalent. Prior to 2005, TRAs were used in less than 1% of initial public offerings (“IPOs”), but as of 2018, that number had increased to 8% of IPOs. This growth has created an ecosystem of leading accounting and law firms with specialized expertise in TRAs.
TRAs are now a common feature of IPOs structured as an Up-C. Up-C IPOs are designed to generate basis step-ups that allow a company to benefit from substantial tax deductions. TRAs are typically drafted to require that the newly public company share 85% of the tax benefits it receives from these basis step-ups with its pre-IPO owners.
TRAs often allow holders to transfer their rights under the TRA to outside investors, resulting in a growing market for secondary TRA investments. In the past, TRA holders may not have been able to easily monetize their TRA asset due to a lack of liquidity providers. However, a number of investment firms, like Parallaxes Capital, have since emerged to provide liquidity to TRA holders.
# Sandra Kasturi

Sandra Kasturi (born 1966), is a poet, editor and publisher.

## Biography

Sandra Kasturi was born in Estonia. Her parents were Estonian and Sri Lankan. She now lives in Canada where she is a poet, editor and publisher. She has two poetry collections of her own and was the editor on an anthology of poetry. She has both poetry and fiction published in magazines. Kasturi was also an editor for the publishing house ChiZine Publications, which she founded with her husband Brett Savory.

## Awards

* 2001 Bram Stoker Award: Chiaroscuro (by Patricia Lee Macomber, Steve Eller, SK & Brett A. Savory)
* 2013 British Fantasy Award: ChiZine Publications (by Brett Alexander Savory & SK)
* 2015 World Fantasy Award: (SK & Brett Alexander Savory) for ChiZine Publications
* 2018 Sunburst Award: “The Beautiful Gears of Dying” (The Sum of Us)
# Mauricio Portillo House

The Mauricio Portillo House is a historic house in San Lorenzo, Grant County, New Mexico. It was built circa 1890 by Mauricio Portillo, a settler from Mexico. It was designed with a center hall plan and a hip roof. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 16, 1988.
The house was deemed significant as one of a group of early settlement hip-roofed, center hall plan houses, whose style had been studied explicitly in southern Arizona but whose presence in southern New Mexico had only been noted. It was felt "the house may offer important information on the spread of this house type across the Southwest." Also its "adobe barn is the largest in the valley and has a unique ventilator wall."
It was listed on the National Register as part of a 1988 study of historic resources in the Mimbres Valley of Grant County.
# Tearing Through

Tearing Through is a 1925 American silent action film directed by Arthur Rosson and starring Richard Talmadge, Kathryn McGuire, and Herbert Prior. It was released in Britain in 1926 by Ideal Films. The film originally had the title "Yellow Faces".

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Richard Jones, assistant to the district attorney, volunteers to round up a ring of drug peddlers. He finds his rival for the hand of Constance Madison is in charge of the hop joint. He rescues Constance from the clutches of his rival and brings the peddlers in. He then learns that the District Attorney is involved in the hop ring. He becomes the new district attorney and also Constance's husband.

## Cast

* Richard Talmadge as Richard Jones
* Kathryn McGuire as Constance Madison
* Herbert Prior as District Attorney
* Frank Elliott as Mr. Greer
* Arthur Rankin as Bob Madison
* Marcella Daly as Polly
* Dave Morris as Chester
# Tearing Up the Album Chart

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
Tearing Up the Album Chart is an album by the band Go-Kart Mozart. It was released in 2005 on West Midland's Records, a subsidiary of Cherry Red. It was former Felt and Denim frontman Lawrence's second album under the alias Go Kart Mozart. Tracks 5, 8, 9 and 12 were originally recorded for the unreleased Denim album Denim Take Over.
In 2019, Lawrence announced his dissatisfaction with the album, stating it was a collection of demos that were issued during a rough period in his life, and that he plans to remix and re-record the album under the title Renovating The Album Charts.

## Track listing

All songs written by Lawrence.
* "Glorious Chorus" - 2:26
* "Summer Is Here" - 3:25
* "Electric Rock & Roll" - 3:45
* "Listening to Marmalade" - 3:05
* "At the DDU" - 2:15
* "On a Building Site" - 2:01
* "Fuzzy Duck" - 4:43
* "Transgressions" - 1:44
* "Delta Echo Echo Beta Alpha Neon Kettle" - 1:56
* "Donna & the Dopefiends" - 2:48
* "England & Wales" - 1:40
* "City Centre" - 3:43
# Matteini

Matteini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claudio Matteini (1923–2003), Italian footballer
* Davide Matteini (born 1982), Italian footballer
* Michele Alberto Matteini, art historian
* Teodoro Matteini (1753–1831), Italian painter
# Te Rapa Nui

Te Te Rapa Nui (1996) is the first newspaper edited and published in Rapa Nui (Easter Island). It was founded by journalist Juan Pedro Soler Bolt, husband of the provincial governor, Melania Carolina Hotu Hey.
* This article about a Chilean newspaper is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mauricio Kagel Music Prize

The Mauricio Kagel Music Prize provided by the German arts foundation Kunststiftung NRW was established in 2011. The prize money is €50,000. Of the prize money, €30,000 goes to the prizewinner and €20,000 has to be used for an art project in North Rhine-Westphalia. The biennially prize recognizes interdisciplinary work in the spirit of German-Argentinean composer Mauricio Kagel and artistic experiments where music, image and performance meet.

## Recipients

Source:
* 2011 Georges Aperghis
* 2013 Michel van der Aa
* 2015 Rebecca Saunders
* 2017 Simon Steen-Andersen
* 2024 Manos Tsangaris
# TALC

Talc is a mineral composed of magnesium silicate.
TALC may refer to:
* The American Lutheran Church, a Christian Protestant denomination in the United States
* Shaw PPV, a Canadian pay-per-view television network whose French language channels use the branding TALC
* Teaching-aids at Low Cost or TALC a British charitable development agency that works to improve access to healthcare in low income countries
* Transport and logistics centre, a national policy and practice research centre based in Sydney, Australia
* Transportation and Land Use Coalition, a non-profit organization in the San Francisco Bay Area, United States
# Paramiana smaragdina

Paramiana smaragdina is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Paramiana smaragdina is 9803.
# PS Anglia

PS Anglia was a paddle steamer passenger vessel operated by the Chester and Holyhead Railway from 1847 to 1859 and the London and North Western Railway from 1859 to 1861.

## History

She was built by Ditchburn and Mare, Blackwall for the Chester and Holyhead Railway, which was taken over by the London and North Western Railway in 1859.
She was sold in 1861 and used as a blockade runner by the Confederate States of America. Captured in 1862 by the Union and renamed Admiral Dupont after Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont
On 7 June 1865 she left New York City for Fortress Monroe with a detachment of United States troops. On 8 June 1865 at 4.20am, she collided with a sailing vessel, the Stadaconda (or Studaconda), and was sunk in about three minutes.
# Monogenic semigroup

In mathematics, a monogenic semigroup is a semigroup generated by a single element. Monogenic semigroups are also called cyclic semigroups.

## Structure

The monogenic semigroup generated by the singleton set {a} is denoted by $\langle a\rangle$. The set of elements of $\langle a\rangle$ is {a, a$^2$, a$^3$, ...}. There are two possibilities for the monogenic semigroup $\langle a\rangle$:
* a$^m$ = a$^n$ ⇒ m = n.
* There exist m ≠ n such that a$^m$ = a$^n$.
In the former case $\langle a\rangle$ is isomorphic to the semigroup ({1, 2, ...}, +) of natural numbers under addition. In such a case, $\langle a\rangle$ is an infinite monogenic semigroup and the element a is said to have infinite order. It is sometimes called the free monogenic semigroup because it is also a free semigroup with one generator.
In the latter case let m be the smallest positive integer such that a$^m$ = a$^x$ for some positive integer x ≠ m, and let r be smallest positive integer such that a$^m$ = a$^{m+r}$. The positive integer m is referred to as the index and the positive integer r as the period of the monogenic semigroup $\langle a\rangle$. The order of a is defined as m+r−1. The period and the index satisfy the following properties:
* a$^m$ = a$^{m+r}$
* a$^{m+x}$ = a$^{m+y}$ if and only if m + x ≡ m + y (mod r)
* $\langle a\rangle$ = {a, a$^2$, ... , a$^{m+r−1}$}
* K$_a$ = {a$^m$, a$^{m+1}$, ... , a$^{m+r−1}$} is a cyclic subgroup and also an ideal of $\langle a\rangle$. It is called the kernel of a and it is the minimal ideal of the monogenic semigroup $\langle a\rangle$.
The pair (m, r) of positive integers determine the structure of monogenic semigroups. For every pair (m, r) of positive integers, there exists a monogenic semigroup having index m and period r. The monogenic semigroup having index m and period r is denoted by M(m, r). The monogenic semigroup M(1, r) is the cyclic group of order r.
The results in this section actually hold for any element a of an arbitrary semigroup and the monogenic subsemigroup $\langle a\rangle$ it generates.

## Related notions

A related notion is that of periodic semigroup (also called torsion semigroup), in which every element has finite order (or, equivalently, in which every monogenic subsemigroup is finite). A more general class is that of quasi-periodic semigroups (aka group-bound semigroups or epigroups) in which every element of the semigroup has a power that lies in a subgroup.
An aperiodic semigroup is one in which every monogenic subsemigroup has a period of 1.
# Rebrovo

Rebrovo is a village in Svoge Municipality, Sofia Province, western Bulgaria.
# Michael Barton (biologist)

Michael Barton is an ichthyologist, the H. W. Stodghill Jr. and Adele H. Stodghill Professor of Biology at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky.
He is the author of the third edition of Bond's Biology of Fishes. In 2008 he was recognized for two articles, the first one is "Pupfishes of the Bahamas" which became the cover article for the Journal of American Killifish Association and the second article, "Reproductive isolation among endemic pupfishes (Cyprinodon) on San Salvador Island, Bahamas: Microsatellite evidence," appeared in the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
# Untitled (Ellsworth Kelly)

Untitled is a 1986 stainless steel sculpture by Ellsworth Kelly, installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in Washington, D.C., United States. The sculpture measures 78 inches (200 cm) x 135.25 inches (343.5 cm) x 129.75 inches (329.6 cm).
# Vigoreaux

Vigoreaux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Luis Vigoreaux (1929–1983), Puerto Rican radio and television personality
* Luisito Vigoreaux (born 1951), Puerto Rican actor and producer
* Marie Vigoreaux (c. 1639 – 1679), French fortune teller and poisoner
* Roberto Vigoreaux (born 1956), Puerto Rican television host and politician
# William Rockhill

William Rockhill may refer to:
* William R. Rockhill (1793–1865), U.S. Representative from Indiana
* William Woodville Rockhill (1854–1914), U.S. diplomat
# Sanbaimen Power Station

Sanbaimen Power Station or Xuzhou Power Station is a large coal-fired power station in China.
# Marula mine

The Marula Mine is a platinum mine located in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is in the eastern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, approximately 35km north-west of Burgersfort. The operation comprises two decline shaft systems which are used to access the UG2 reef.
In the 2018 financial year the concentrator plant at Marula mine produced 85 100 oz of platinum, which was processed at Impala Platinum's Mineral Processes in the town Rustenburg. Marula mine had an estimated reserve of 10.6 million oz of platinum in 2018. The labourforce comprised almost 4000 workers in 2018.

## History

Platinum was discovered in 1920 by Hans Merensky in the area of the current Modikwa mine. In 1988, Impala Platinum acquired the mineral rights to the Winnarshoek farm from the Canadian company, Platexco. They later acquired rights to the farms Clapham and Forest Hill. The establishment of the mine started in October 2002 subsequent to the drilling of 750 exploratory boreholes.

## Geology of the mine

The mine holds mining rights to 5 494 hectares within the Bushveld Igneous Complex, comprising the farms Winnarshoek, Clapham and Forest Hill, as well as a royalty agreement with Modikwa mine which allows it access to additional area. In this region there is a separation of approximately 400m between the Merensky Reef and UG2 reef, both of which decline to the west-southwest at 12 to 14 degrees. Potholes and a dunite pipe are present within the area and result in geological losses.

## Mining

Both conventional mining methods ("footwall drives below the reef horizon with crosscut breakaways") and hybrid mining methods ("breast mining on the reef from a single gully") are employed at Marula.

## Ownership

Marula mine is 73% owned by Impala Platinum with the remaining 27% split equally between three Black Economic Empowerment partners, namely:
* The Marula Community Trust, a local community trust,
* Tubatse Platinum, an empowerment consortium of local businesses, and
* Mmakau Mining, an established, black-owned mining company.

## COVID-19 closure

On 16 May 2020, Impala Platinum announced that it was temporarily shutting Marula mine, owing to a cluster of COVID-19 cases in the area. There were 19 positive cases identified in the area. Fourteen of these were Marula mine workers who lived locally and had been tested by the mine after they had returned to the mine once the lockdown regulations in South Africa had allowed them to return to work. They had not started working at the mine yet.
# Tachydromiini

Tachydromiini is a tribe of hybotid flies.

## Genera

* Dysaletria Loew, 1864
* Platypalpus Macquart, 1828
* Tachydromia Meigen, 1803
* Tachyempis Melander, 1928
* Tachypeza Meigen, 1830
# Marxist Workers' League (Finland)

The Marxist Workers League is a Trotskyist organization in Finland.
It was previously affiliated with the Committee For a Workers' International, it is now affiliated with the Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International.