OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xie Jialin

Xie Jialin (Chinese: 谢家麟; 8 August 1920 – 20 February 2016) was a Chinese physicist.
Born in Harbin, he studied physics at Yenching University. Upon graduation in 1943, Xie enrolled at Stanford University, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1951. While working for the University of Chicago Medical Center in 1955, he developed a particle accelerator used to treat cancerous tumors. Later that year, Xie returned to China and helped build the country's first particle accelerator. For his contribution to the development of the 30MeV electron Linear particle accelerator, Xie was awarded the Scientific and Technological Achievement Prize at the 1978 National Science and Technology Conference. Xie went on to become the project director during design, development and construction of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), which was most notably used in precision measurement of the τ lepton. He received the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award for his work in 2011. Xie died on 20 February 2016 at the age of 95 in Beijing.
The inner main-belt asteroid 32928 Xiejialin, discovered by SCAP at the Xinglong Station in 1995, is named in his honor. Naming citation was published on 5 January 2015 (M.P.C. 91791).
# Multi-frequency time-division multiple access

MF-TDMA ("Multi-frequency time-division multiple access") is a technology for dynamically sharing bandwidth resources in an over-the-air two-way communications network.
# Smoking gun

The term "smoking gun" is a reference to an object or fact that serves as conclusive evidence of a crime or similar act, just short of being caught in flagrante delicto. "Smoking gun" refers to the strongest kind of circumstantial evidence, as opposed to direct evidence. Direct evidence would be eyewitness testimony of someone who saw an actus reus (the actual alleged act), while connected events (the preceding chase, etc.) are considered circumstantial.

## Phrase origin

The phrase originally came from the idea that finding a very recently fired (hence smoking) gun on the person of a suspect wanted for shooting someone would in that situation be nearly unshakable proof of having committed the crime. A variant of the phrase (as "smoking pistol") is used in the Sherlock Holmes story, "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott" (1893).

## Extended meaning

In addition to this, its meaning has evolved in uses completely unrelated to criminal activity: for example, scientific evidence that is highly suggestive in favor of a particular hypothesis is sometimes called "smoking gun evidence".
# Timpisini

Timpisini is an inkhundla of Eswatini, located in the Hhohho District. Its population as of the 2007 census was 8,471.
# Tjøstheim's coefficient

Tjøstheim's coefficient is a measure of spatial association that attempts to quantify the degree to which two spatial data sets are related. Developed by Norwegian statistician Dag Tjøstheim. It is similar to rank correlation coefficients like Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient but also explicitly considers the spatial relationship between variables.
Consider two variables, $F(x,y)$ and $G(x,y)$, observed at the same set of $N$ spatial locations with co-ordinates $x_{i}$ and $y_{i}$. The Rank of $F$ at $(x_{i},y_{i})$ is
    $R_{F}(x_{i},y_{i})=\sum _{i}^{N}\theta (F(x_{i},y_{i})-F(x_{j},y_{j}))$
with a similar definition for $G$. Here $\theta$ is a step function and this formula counts how many values $F(x_{j},y_{j})$ are less than or equal to the value at the target point $F(x_{i},y_{i})$.
Now define
    $X_{F}(i)=\sum _{j}^{N}x_{j}\delta (i,R_{F}(x_{j},y_{j}))$
where $\delta$ is the Kronecker delta. This is the $x$ coordinate of the $i^{\text{th}}$ ranked $F$ value. The quantities $Y_{F}(i),X_{G}(i)$ and $Y_{G}(i)$ can be defined similarly.
Tjøstheim's coefficient is defined by
    $A={\frac {\sum _{i}^{N}(X_{F}(i)-{\bar {X}}_{F})(X_{G}(i)-{\bar {X}}_{G})+(Y_{F}(i)-{\bar {Y}}_{F})(Y_{G}(i)-{\bar {Y}}_{G})}{\left(\sum _{i}^{N}\left[(X_{F}(i)-{\bar {X}}_{F})^{2}+(Y_{F}(i)-{\bar {Y}}_{F})^{2}\right]\sum _{i}^{N}\left[(X_{G}(i)-{\bar {X}}_{G})^{2}+(Y_{G}(i)-{\bar {Y}}_{G})^{2}\right]\right)^{1/2}}}$
Under the assumptions that $F$ and $G$ are independent and identically distributed random variables and are independent of each other it can be shown that $E[A]=0$ and
    $var(A)={\frac {\left(\sum _{i}^{N}x_{i}^{2}\right)^{2}+2\left(\sum _{i}^{N}x_{i}y_{i}\right)^{2}+\left(\sum _{i}^{N}y_{i}^{2}\right)^{2}}{(N-1)\left(\sum _{i}^{N}x_{i}^{2}+\sum _{i}^{N}y_{i}^{2}\right)^{2}}}$
The maximum variance of $1/(N-1)$ occurs when all points are on a straight line and the minimum variance of $1/(2(N-1))$ occurs for a symmetric cross pattern where $x_{i}y_{i}=0$ and $\sum _{i}^{N}x_{i}^{2}=\sum _{i}^{N}y_{i}^{2}$.
Tjøstheim's coefficient is implemented as cor.spatial in the R package SpatialPack. Numerical simulations suggest that $A$ is an effective measure of correlation between variables but is sensitive to the degree of autocorrelation in $F$ and $G$.
# Tinissa poliophasma

Tinissa poliophasma is a moth of the family Tineidae. It was described by John David Bradley in 1965 and is found in Uganda.
# Munsang College (Hong Kong Island)

Munsang College (Hong Kong Island) (IMSC, Chinese: 港島民生書院) is a top-ranked Christian secondary school located in Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong. Established in 1999 by the Munsang College Education Council, it operates independently from the Munsang College in Kowloon. The college is named after the two founders of Munsang College, Au Tak and Mok Kon-sang [zh].
Since the 2010–11 academic year, the college has been using English as the medium of instruction for all subjects excluding Chinese language, Chinese history, Putonghua, and religious education (Christianity). The college has had a Student Association since September 2008.
# Titus Flavius Vespasianus

Titus Flavius Vespasianus may refer to two Roman emperors:
* The elder Titus Flavius Vespasianus, who took the name Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, and is better known in English as the emperor Vespasian
* his son, Titus Flavius Vespasianus, known as the emperor Titus
# Titus Geganius Macerinus

Titus Geganius Macerinus (fl. c. 492 BC) was a Roman politician who served as Consul in 492 BC with Publius Minucius Augurinus.
The consuls were required to deal with a famine which had taken hold of Rome and they focused their efforts on obtaining grain shipments from around Italy. The famine arose because the plebeian farmers had not sown their fields during the secession of the plebs which ended the previous year. Envoys were sent by ship to buy grain from the coastal towns of Etruria, the Volsci and others to the south as far as Cumae. Because many of Rome's neighbours bore the Romans animosity from past military conflicts, envoys were even sent as far as Magna Graecia (Sicily). Grain was purchased in Cumae, however the tyrant Aristodemus (who had been made the heir of the exiled Roman kings) seized the Roman ships on account of the property of the Tarquinii which had been seized by the Roman Republic when the king's family had been exiled. Roman attempts to buy grain were also thwarted in the territory of the Volsci, including the Pomptine Marshes. Because of recent wars with Rome, the corn merchants were threatened with violence if grain was sold to the Romans. However, grain was successfully obtained from Etruria and transported to Rome down the Tiber river. An even greater amount of grain was imported the following year from Sicily, and the question of how it should be distributed amongst the Roman citizens led to the exile and defection of Gaius Marcius Coriolanus.
Also in 492 BC, hostilities with the Volsci threatened Rome. However a pestilence spread amongst the Volsci and war was averted. The Romans took steps to protect their position. Additional Roman colonists were sent to the town of Velitrae, and a new Roman colony was established at Norba.
# To a Louse

"To A Louse, On Seeing One on a Lady's Bonnet at Church" is a 1786 Scots language poem by Robert Burns in his favourite meter, standard Habbie. The poem's theme is contained in the final verse:
In the eight-stanza satirical poem, the speaker draws the reader's attention to a lady in church with a louse that is roving, unnoticed by her, around in her bonnet. In the course of the poem, the speaker addresses the louse as it scurries about on "Jenny" who cluelessly tosses her hair and preens, not knowing the person seeing her sees a louse on her. In this last stanza, the speaker reflects on what a gift it would be for us to be able to see ourselves as others see us. How we walk and how we put on airs all would vanish. Not only that, even devotion (i.e., romance) would vanish.
# Tmeticus ornatus

Tmeticus ornatus is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
# Tmolus

Tmolus may refer to:
* Tmolus (mythology), several figures in Greek mythology.
* Mount Tmolus, Greek mountain range named for the mythical figure
* Tmolus (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* Tmolus (town) or Aureliopolis in Lydia, a city in the Roman province of Lydia situated on Mount Tmolus
# Sant Sebastià de la Guarda

Sant Sebastià de la Guarda is a historical site located in the town of Llafranc in the Baix Emporda region of Girona province. The site consists of an Iberian archeological site from the 6th-1st centuries B.C., a 15th-century watchtower and a 19th-century lighthouse on top of a small mountain 156m above the sea, which protected the region from pirate attacks and retains many of its original features.
The watchtower allows for panoramic views of the Costa Brava coastline and contains a small museum that details the history of the monument and Llafranc area. The archeological site consists of a small Iberian village which was first discovered between 1958–1960, with excavations taking place between 1984-1987.
# 2002 NCAA Rifle Championships

The 2002 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the 23rd annual NCAA-sanctioned competition to determine the team and individual national champions of co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. The championship was hosted by Murray State University in Murray, Kentucky.
Three-time defending champions Alaska once again topped the team standings, finishing 31 points (6,241–6,209) points ahead of Kentucky. This was the Nanooks' fourth consecutive and fifth overall team title.
Matthew Emmons (Alaska) repeated as the individual national champion for the smallbore rifle whereas Ryan Tanoue (Nevada) claimed the title for the air rifle.

## Qualification

With only one national collegiate championship for rifle shooting, all NCAA rifle programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of ten teams contested this championship, a return to the size of the original two championships in 1980 and 1981.

## Results

* Scoring: The championship consisted of 120 shots by each competitor in smallbore and 40 shots per competitor in air rifle.

### Team title

* (H) = Hosts
* (DC) = Defending champions
* Italics = Inaugural championship
| Rank | Team | Points |
| | Alaska (DC) | 6,241 |
| | Kentucky | 6,209 |
| | Xavier | 6,204 |
| 4 | Murray State (H) | 6,193 |
| 5 | Tennessee Tech | 6,164 |
| 6 | Navy | 6,147 |
| 7 | West Virginia | 4,612 |
| 8 | Coast Guard | 4,558 |
| 9 | Army | 1,541 |
| 10 | Nevada | 1,531 |

### Individual events

| Event | Winner | Score |
| Smallbore | Matthew Emmons, Alaska | 1,190 |
| Air rifle | Ryan Tanoue, Nevada | 392 |
# Paradise, Oregon

Paradise is an unincorporated community in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States, about three miles east of Oregon Route 3 and about six miles south of the Oregon-Washington border. It is located on a plateau that overlooks Joseph Canyon. The closest incorporated cities are Enterprise, Oregon and Asotin, Washington at 40 and 45 miles away, respectively. Its elevation is 4114 feet (1254 m).
Paradise formerly had a post office that ran from 1889 to 1942. Paradise was named by Wallowa Valley ranchers Sam Wade, Pres Halley and William Masterson, who entered the area in October 1878 while looking for winter range for their cattle. When they returned to the valley, they told the other settlers of the fine grass available in the "regular paradise" they found. That November, settlers brought a thousand head of cattle to the new range, but the winter was severe and many cattle were lost.
Oregon Route 3 formerly passed through Paradise.
# Abigail Adams (disambiguation)

Abigail Adams (1744–1818) was the wife and closest advisor of U.S. President John Adams.
Abigail or Abbie Adams may also refer to:
* Abigail Adams Smith (1765–1813), née Abigail Adams, daughter of President Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams
* SS Abigail Adams, a Liberty ship
* Abbie Adams (born 1990), American artist
* Abbie Adams, character in Flood!
# 8 cm minomet vz. 36

The 8 cm minomet vz. 36 (mortar model 36) was a medium mortar designed by the Škoda Works during the Thirties. Intended as standard medium infantry mortar for the Czechoslovak Army all available weapons were impressed into service by the German Army when they occupied Bohemia-Moravia in March 1939 and the Slovaks seized approximately one hundred fifty when they declared independence from Czechoslovakia at the same time. Slovak weapons saw combat in the Slovak-Hungarian War, the invasion of Poland, the opening months of Operation Barbarossa and the Slovak National Uprising.

## Design

The 8 cm minomet vz. 36 was a close copy of the French Brandt series of mortars. While it differed in details the most important thing was that its ammunition was incompatible with the Brandt mortars. It fired two different mortar bombs, a light 3.265 kg (7.20 lb) bomb to a range of 3,400 m (3,700 yd) and a heavy 6.85 kg (15.1 lb) bomb to 1,200 m (1,300 yd). It broke down into three loads, barrel, baseplate and tripod, for transport. Normally one man carried each piece.

## Operational use

Approximately 900 were in Czechoslovak service in September 1938.
Mortars captured by the Germans were given the designation 8 cm GrW M.36(t). Nothing specific is known about German use although it likely saw service mostly with 2nd-line and reserve troops.
Slovakia seized approximately one hundred fifty when they declared independence from Czechoslovakia in March 1939. They were used as the standard medium infantry mortar for the duration of the war. They saw combat in the Slovak-Hungarian War, the invasion of Poland, the opening months of Operation Barbarossa and the Slovak National Uprising.
# WIOL

WIOL may refer to:
* WIOL (AM), a radio station (1580 AM) licensed to Columbus, Georgia, United States
* WIOL-FM, a radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to Waverly Hall, Georgia, United States
* WKZJ, a radio station (92.7 FM) licensed to Eufaula, Alabama, United States, which used the call sign WIOL from 1999 until 2005
* WSMM (AM), a radio station (850 AM) licensed to Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, which used the call sign WIOL from 1997 until 1998
# Snowmine

Snowmine is an American indie pop band from Brooklyn, New York.

## History

Snowmine was formed in 2010. They self-released their debut studio album in 2011 titled Laminate Pet Animal. They released their second full-length album in 2014 on Mystery Buildings titled Dialects.

## Band members

* Grayson Sanders (lead vocals, keys)
* Jay Goodman (bass)
* Alex Beckmann (drums)
* Austin Mendenhall (guitar)
* Calvin Pia (guitar, keys, backing vocals)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Laminate Pet Animal (2011, self-released)
* Dialects (2014, Mystery Buildings)
# Turn It Out Remixed

Soulive's Turn It Out Remixed is a remix album of their classic 1999 release, Turn It Out. Each tune was reworked, remixed and replayed to create something wholly new, yet wholly Soulive.
Contributors on the album include DJ Spinna, The Beatnuts, DJ Krush, J-Live, Edreys Wajed aka Billy Drease Williams, Akil & Chali 2na (Jurassic 5), Meshell Ndegeocello, Wordsworth, Ekene, Shuman, Adam Deitch, Mister Rourke, Tycoon, Dub Fader & more.

## Track listing

* "Intro"
* "Tabasco" - (featuring Wordsworth)
* "Doin' Something" - (featuring Chali 2na/Akil/Me'Shell Ndegeocello)
* "Cash's Dream"
* "Turn It Out"
* "S.O.U.L.I.V.E." - (Edreys Wajed)
* "Steppin'" - (The Beatnuts)
* "Arruga de Agua" - (featuring Ekene Nwokoye)
* "Nealization"
* "Rudy's Way"
* "Azucar" - (featuring J-Live)
* "Steppin' 2" - (featuring Shuman)
# Pheidole pararugiceps

Pheidole pararugiceps is a species of ant in the genus Pheidole. It was discovered and described by Longino, J. T. in 2009.
# Paradise, Suriname

Paradise is a village in the Nickerie District of Suriname. It has a population of about 966 residents. The village is located about two kilometers from the town of Nieuw Nickerie.
The village is named after the sugar and cotton plantation Paradise The plantation was founded in 1797. Paradise and Plaisance were the first two concessions for plantations in Nickerie. On 31 December 1913, the plantation was disbanded and turned into 335 plots for small scale agriculture. The plantation was also home to several dozen free slaves. A railway station was planned in Paradise, however the plan was never completed.
# Tmetomorpha

Tmetomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Santa Ana Nextlalpan

Santa Ana Nextlalplan is a town of Nextlalpan municipality in Mexico State in Mexico.
# Naoli River

The 596-kilometre (370 mi) long Naoli (Chinese: 挠力河) River flows through Heilongjiang Province in northeast China and is the longest tributary to the river Ussuri, located on the Sanjiang Plain.
# Naolinco volcanic field

19°40′N 96°45′W﻿ / ﻿19.67°N 96.75°W﻿ / 19.67; -96.75
Naolinco volcanic field is a volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico. It lies in the region of the cities of Jalapa and Naolinco, and the town of Naolinco lies in the field.

## Geologic context

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is best known for calc-alkaline volcanoes such as Pico de Orizaba and Popocatepetl stratovolcanoes as well as calderas and pyroclastic cones; however it also features scattered alkali basalt volcanism. It lies at an angle to the Middle America Trench unlike the more typical volcanic arcs of Central America; some theories consider the belt to be independent from the trench. In its eastern region lies the Cofre de Perote and a group of volcanoes including the Naolinco Volcanic Field.
Sometimes it and some neighbouring monogenetic volcanoes such as those at Cofre de Perote are included into a "Xalapa volcanic field", which would have about 50 volcanic centres. Despite their location, they are most likely unrelated to Cofre de Perote itself.

## The field

The Naolinco Volcanic Field lies in the Sierra de Chiconquiaco. It includes the volcanic cones of Cerro Acatlan, which is the largest cone in the field, Cerro el Hoyo, two Cerro Gordo cones, Cerro Organo and Pueblo Viejo. The cone Rincon de Chapultepec has a crater 275 metres (902 ft) wide. The individual centres appear to be aligned in a northeast-southwest direction. Lava flows from Naolinco volcanoes have flowed south. Pyroclastic material is also found in the area.

## Eruptive history

Potassium-argon dating of the field has yielded ages of 1.2 and 0.82 million years ago. Volcanic products at Naolinco are mainly basaltic.
The most recent activity at Naolinco occurred at Rincon de Chapultepec, which erupted the Coacotzintla lava flow 2,980 years before present. This lava flow reached a length of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and a surface area of 8.1 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi); the total volume of lava is about 122,000,000 cubic metres (4.3×10$^9$ cu ft). Two other lava flows were erupted by the cone, one of which is buried by scoria. Two more recent eruptions occurred at Volcancillo and produced the more than 40 kilometres (25 mi) long Naolinco lava flow.
Future eruptions of Naolinco, especially very voluminous ones, may endanger towns and cities in the area, although most of them would affect the sparsely populated Naolinco valley unless fairly long.
# Zhiming Liu (computer scientist)

Zhiming Liu (Chinese: 刘志明, born 10 October 1961, Hebei, China) is a computer scientist. He studied mathematics in Luoyang, Henan in China and obtained his first degree in 1982. He holds a master's degree in Computer Science from the Institute of Software of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1988), and a PhD degree from the University of Warwick (1991). His PhD thesis was on Fault-Tolerant Programming by Transformations.
After his PhD, Zhiming Liu worked as a guest scientist at the Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby in 1991–1992. Then he returned to the University of Warwick and worked as a postdoctoral research fellow on formal techniques in real-time and fault-tolerant systems till October 1994 when he became a university lecturer in computer science at the University of Leicester (UK). He worked at UNU-IIST during 2002–2013 at UNU-IIST as research fellow and senior research fellow. He joined Birmingham City University (UK) in October 2013 as the Professor of Software Engineering. In 2016, he moved to a new professorial post at Southwest University in Chongqing, China, with funding through the Thousand Talents Program.
Zhiming Liu's main research interest is in the areas of formal methods of computer systems design, including real-time systems, fault-tolerant systems, object-oriented and component-based systems. His research results have been published in mainstream journals and conferences. His joint work with Mathai Joseph work on fault tolerance gives a formal model that defines precisely the notions of fault, error, failure and fault-tolerance, and their relations. It also gives the properties that models of fault-affected programs and fault-tolerant programs in terms of model transformations. They proposed a design process for fault-tolerant systems from requirement specifications and analysis, fault environment identification and analysis, specification of fault-affected design and verification of fault-tolerance for satisfaction of the requirements specification. In collaboration with Zhou Chaochen and Anders Ravn, et al., he also developed a Probabilistic Duration Calculus for system dependability analysis. His recent work with He Jifeng and Xiaoshan Li on the rCOS theory of semantics and refinement of object-oriented and component-based design is being developed into a method with tool support for component-based and model-driven software development.
Zhiming Liu is the founder of International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (ICTAC), the International Symposium on Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS), and International Symposium on Foundations of Health Information Engineering and systems (FHIES). He has served as a PC chair for a number of conferences and PC members of a number of conferences. He has also edited a number of books.
Zhiming Liu is married to Hong Zhao with two sons, Kim Chang Liu and Edward Tanze Liu.
# Narlık, Ceyhan

Narlık is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ceyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 351 (2022).
# Narsinghpur, Ghazipur

Narsinghpur, also known as Pandeypur, is a village located in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated 15 km away from sub-district headquarters, Zamania, and 40 km away from district headquarters, Ghazipur. It was a part of Daudpur until 1980, when it became recognized as an independent village. Narsinghpur has a total population of 503,000 (recorded in 2011) and is known for its fertile land.
# Zischkaia

Zischkaia is a genus of satyrid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Zischkaia amalda (Weymer, 1911)
* Zischkaia mima (Butler, 1867)
* Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, [1824])
* Zischkaia saundersii (Butler, 1867)