OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nigel de Longchamps

Nigel de Longchamps, also known as Nigel Wireker, (fl. c. 1190, died c. 1200), Neel de Longchamps, or Nigel of Canterbury, was an Anglo-Norman satirist and poet of the late twelfth century, writing in Latin. He is known to have been a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, from 1186 to 1193, and perhaps earlier (he claims to have met Thomas Becket, killed in 1170).

## Works
### Speculum stultorum

He is the author of the Speculum stultorum (A Mirror of Fools), a satire in Latin elegiac verse on the clergy and society in general. The hero is Burnellus, or Brunellus, a foolish ass, who goes in search of a means of lengthening his tail. Brunellus first visits Salernum to obtain drugs for this purpose. However, he loses these when attacked by a Cistercian monk with dogs. He then goes to Paris to study, but makes no progress there, being unable to remember the city's name after eight years of study. He then decides to join a religious order, but instead founds a new one by taking the easiest parts from the rules of other orders. Finally, his master recaptures him.
The poem was immensely popular for centuries. Under the title "Daun Burnel the Asse" it is mentioned by Chaucer in his Canterbury Tales, in the Nun's Priest's Tale.

### Other works

Many other short Latin poems from a thirteenth-century manuscript are attributed to him, along with a prose treatise, Contra Curiales et Officinales Clericos. This treatise is an affectionate reproof to William Longchamp the Chancellor, in his role as Bishop of Ely. Wireker takes his intimate friend (possibly a relative) to task for attempting to combine Church with State.
# Patriarch Politianus of Alexandria

Politianus served partas Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between 768 and 813. According to Eutychius, Politianus was a physician by training, visited Baghdad and healed Hārūn al-Rašīd's concubine. He reportedly participated in the translation of Vindonius Anatolius of Berytus' "Collection of Agricultural Practices" from Greek into Arabic for Yahya ibn Khalid in 795 CE.
# Microsystem Technologies

Microsystem Technologies is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It covers research on electromechanical, materials, design, and manufacturing aspects of microsystems and their components. The editors-in-chief of the journal are B. Michel (Fraunhofer IZM, Berlin, Germany) and B. Bhushan (Ohio State University).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Scopus
* Academic Search
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Compendex
* Current Contents/Engineering
* Inspec
* EI-Compendex
* INIS Atomindex
* PASCAL
* Materials Science Citation Index
* VINITI
* Science Citation Index
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.195.
# Noisy-le-Roi

Noisy-le-Roi (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Twin towns

* Albion, Michigan, USA
* Godella, Spain, since August 2006
# Von Krockow

von Krockow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton von Krockow (1714–1778), Prussian lieutenant general
* Christian Graf von Krockow (1927–2002), German writer and political scientist
* de:Joachim Ernst von Krockow, Generalwachtmeister during the thirty years war.
* Peter von Krockow (1935–2018), German fencer
* Milla von Krockow (born 1986/1987), German fashion model
# Terje Ness

Terje Ness (born 7 April 1968) is a Norwegian chef.
He was born in Førde. His mother was a diet cook at the hospital in Førde. Ness was apprenticed at Sunnfjord Hotell in 1987, received a trade certificate at the age of 21 in 1989, was with Frode Aga at Hallingstuene in Geilo, and he was also in Hemsedal and Stavanger. He worked at Eyvind Hellstrøm's restaurant Bagatelle from 1994, and then ran his own restaurant Oro from 2000 to 2004. He is best known for winning the Bocuse d'Or in 1999. In 2015 he reopened Oro with his former Bagatelle team.
# San Isidro, Chocó

San Isidro is a settlement in Río Quito Municipality, Chocó Department in Colombia.

## Climate

San Isidro has a very wet tropical rainforest climate (Af). .
Climate data for San Isidro :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.7 (87.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.3 (79.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.0 (73.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 516.0 (20.31) | 469.6 (18.49) | 493.6 (19.43) | 601.8 (23.69) | 625.6 (24.63) | 648.3 (25.52) | 708.8 (27.91) | 723.9 (28.50) | 542.5 (21.36) | 507.4 (19.98) | 561.7 (22.11) | 501.8 (19.76) | 6,901 (271.69) |
| Average rainy days | 24 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 293 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 90 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 88 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||
# Thorning Parish

Thorning Parish is a parish in the Diocese of Viborg, in Silkeborg Municipality, in Denmark. Until the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, it was a part of Kjellerup Municipality, in Aarhus County.
The following settlements and localities are found within Thorning Parish:
* Bækgårdsmark
** Kong Knaps Dige
* Bøgild
* Gammel Frederiksmose
* Grønbjerg
* Gråe
* Grågårde
* Gråhede
* Gråmose
* Gråskov
* Impgårde
* Knudstrup Hede
* Kompedal Plantage
* Malling Huse
* Neder Kærsholm
* Nipgård Sø
* Nørhede
* Nørre Knudstrup
* Oddermark
* Oustrup
** Oustruplund
* Over Kærsholm
* Ravnholt
* Ravnholt Hede
* Skræ
* Stenrøgel
* Sønder Knudstrup
* Thorning
* Thorning Nørremark
* Thorning Overby
* Thorning Vestermark
* Thorningskov
* Ulvedal Plantage
* Ungstrup
* Vattrup
# William Breton

William Breton may refer to:
* William Briton (died 1356), aka William Breton
* William the Breton (c. 1165–c. 1225), French chronicler and poet
* Sir William Breton (MP), Keeper of the Privy Purse (1763–1773) for George II
# Palmetto High School

Palmetto High School may refer to:
* Miami Palmetto Senior High School in Pinecrest, Florida
* Palmetto High School (Florida) in Palmetto, Florida
* Palmetto High School (South Carolina) in Williamston, South Carolina
# William D. Gourley

William D. Gourley (August 17, 1937 – September 2, 2014) was an American football coach and sportscaster. He served as the head football coach at North Park College—now known as North Park University—in Chicago for three seasons, from 1970 to 1972, compiling a record of 8–17–2.
Gourley began his coaching career at Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| North Park Vikings (College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin) (1970–1972) ||||||
| 1970 | North Park | 2–6–1 | 2–5–1 | 7th |
| 1971 | North Park | 4–5 | 4–4 | T–5th |
| 1972 | North Park | 2–6–1 | 2–5–1 | 7th |
| North Park: | North Park: | 8–17–2 | 8–14–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 8–17–2 | | |
# William Coxe

William Coxe is the name of:
* William Coxe (historian) (1747–1828), English historian
* William Coxe Jr. (1762–1831), U.S. Representative from New Jersey
* William Coxe (MP) for Southwark (UK Parliament constituency)
# Panagyurishte Municipality

42°30′11″N 24°11′2″E﻿ / ﻿42.50306°N 24.18389°E﻿ / 42.50306; 24.18389
Panagyurishte Municipality is located in the Pazardzhik Province, western Bulgaria. It is one of the 11 municipalities in the province. Its territory is 598,5 km² being fourth in the province after the municipalities of Velingrad, Batak and Pazardzhik. The relief is mountainous and semi-mountainous and is part of Sredna Gora. There are rich copper deposits, with the biggest mines located in Asarel Medet, Elshitsa and Mina Radka. There are dense forests in which mushrooms and berries are abundant. Many animals inhabit these forest. The most important game species are red deer, roe deer, wild boar, doe and mouflon.

## Demography

As of 2005 the population is 29 924. They live in one town, Panagyurishte and nine villages: Popintsi, Oborishte, Bata, Banya, Poibrene, Levski, Panagyurski kolonii, Elshitsa and Srebrinovo.

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Panagyurishte Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
88.9%
Catholicism
0.2%
Protestantism
1.1%
Islam
0.1%
No religion
3.3%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
6.4% :

## Economy

Most people are employed in industry or in the service sector. Mining, machine building and textiles are well developed. Agriculture is less important. Major crops are barley, wheat, rye and plums. The total length of the roads is only 150 km due to the mountainous relief but are well maintained. The railway is used mainly by freight trains.
Panagyurishte, Panagyurski kolonii and Banya are most popular among the tourists.
# Panagyurishte Nunatak

Panagyurishte Nunatak (Nunatak Panagyurishte \'nu-na-tak pa-na-'gyu-ri-shte\) is a rocky peak of elevation 150 m projecting from Yakoruda Glacier, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak is named after the town of Panagyurishte in central Bulgaria.

## Location

Panagyurishte Nunatak is located at 62°28′44″S 59°56′12″W﻿ / ﻿62.47889°S 59.93667°W﻿ / -62.47889; -59.93667, which is 2.8 km south of Crutch Peaks, 3.4 km west-southwest of Sevtopolis Peak, and 1.38 km northeast of Kerseblept Nunatak (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2009).

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
# William Gerald Strongman

William Gerald Strongman (November 14, 1936 – May 9, 2021) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1975 to 1979, as a Social Credit Party of British Columbia member for the constituency of Vancouver South.
Strongman died on May 9, 2021, in North Vancouver.
# William Gerard Dwyer

William Gerard Dwyer (born 1947) is an American mathematician specializing in algebraic topology and group theory. For many years he was a professor at the University of Notre Dame, where he is the William J. Hank Family Professor Emeritus.

## Life

He was born in 1947 in Jersey City, New Jersey.

## Career

Dwyer completed his B.A. at Boston College in 1969.
He completed his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973. His doctoral thesis was on Strong Convergence of the Eilenberg-Moore Spectral Sequence and his doctoral advisor was Daniel Kan. Afterwards he taught at Yale University and visited the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey before joining the faculty at the University of Notre Dame.
In 1998 Dwyer was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin. In 2007 he was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa degree by the University of Warsaw. He was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012. He is currently emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Notre Dame.

## Publications

* Dwyer, William G. (1975), "Exotic convergence of the Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence", Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 19 (4): 607–617, doi:10.1215/ijm/1256050669, ISSN 0019-2082, MR 0383409
* Dwyer, William G.; Wilkerson, Clarence W. (1994), "Homotopy fixed-point methods for Lie groups and finite loop spaces", Annals of Mathematics, 2, 139 (2): 395–442, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.57.2235, doi:10.2307/2946585, JSTOR 2946585, MR 1274096
* Dwyer, William G.; Spaliński, Jan (1995), "Homotopy theories and model categories", Handbook of algebraic topology, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 73–126, doi:10.1016/B978-044481779-2/50003-1, ISBN 9780444817792, MR 1361887
# William Henry Carmichael-Smyth

Major William Henry Carmichael-Smyth (30 July 1780 – 9 September 1861) was a British military officer in the service of the East India Company.

## Biography

He was born in England in 1780. His father was James Carmichael Smyth, a Scottish physician and he was educated at Charterhouse School.
In 1797, at the age of seventeen, he was commissioned into the Bengal Artillery. On arriving in Bengal that same year he was deployed on a military expedition to the Philippines. When the expedition was abandoned he returned from Penang and served in Allahabad. In 1803 the Second Anglo-Maratha War broke out, and he was present at the battles of Aligarh, Delhi and Laswari. In May 1804 he accompanied a force against Rampoora, and later served at the Battle of Deeg and Siege of Deeg where he was mentioned in dispatches. In 1805 he was present at the Siege of Bharatpur and after it was abandoned he was made garrison engineer at Agra. The following year in 1806 he directed the attack on Gohud. He returned to England in 1807 due to ill health.
Carmichael-Smyth returned to India in 1810 as a captain, and served in the Invasion of Java in 1811. Thereafter he returned to Bengal and went to Callinger as a field engineer where he was mentioned in dispatches for exemplary valour in 1812. He subsequently was deployed on surveys before he was selected to assist in a campaign against Alwar. Following the campaign he returned to his position as garrison engineer at Agra where he would remain until 1819. During the Anglo-Nepalese War between 1814 and 1816 he served in all the operations under Sir David Ochterlony. In February 1817 he assisted in the reduction of Hathras. That same year he joined the army of Lord Hastings in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. On 13 March 1817 at Cawnpore he married Anne Thackeray, the widow of Richmond Thackeray, and became step-father to a young William Makepeace Thackeray. He returned to England in 1820 and was elevated to Major in 1821.
In 1822 he was appointed Resident Superintendent at East India Company Military Seminary in Addiscombe. He remained in the post until he was succeeded by Robert Houston on 6 April 1824. He died in Ayr, Scotland on 9 September 1861.
# Loreta, Wisconsin

Loreto is an unincorporated community in the town of Bear Creek, Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The community center was once located on Highway G in Town 10N Range3E in Section 14 with a public school in Joint District 9, a cheese factory, tavern, store and post office. The village name is sometimes spelled "Loretto" or "Loreta." The school closed in 1962 and the businesses no longer exist. Remaining is the Catholic parish of St. Patrick's with a brick church and rectory and parish cemetery. It was named after Loreto, Italy in 1900 by Rev. Felix Andrew Byrne, the postmaster at Loreto and pastor of St. Patrick Catholic Church.
# Night's Watch (Green Ronin Publishing)

Night's Watch is a 2012 role-playing game supplement published by Green Ronin Publishing for A Song of Ice and Fire Roleplaying.

## Contents

Night's Watch details the members of the Night's Watch guard.

## Reception

Night's Watch won the 2013 Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Supplement.
Night's Watch won the 2013 Gold ENnie Award for Best Aid/Accessory.
# Patricia Wells

Patricia Wells (born 5 November 1946 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a cookbook author and teacher.

## Biography

She divides her time between Paris and Provence. She is the author of numerous food-related books. Her book Patricia Wells at Home in Provence (1996) won the James Beard Award for Best International Cookbook. Wells is the only American and the only woman to be a restaurant critic for a major French publication, L'Express (1988–1991).
She was the restaurant critic for the International Herald Tribune from 1980 until 2007.

## Books

* The Food Lover's Guide to Paris (1984)
* The Food Lover's Guide to France (1987)
* Bistro Cooking (1989)
* Simply French (1991)
* Patricia Wells' Trattoria (1993)
* Patricia Wells at Home in Provence (1996)
* L'Atélier of Joel Robuchon (1998)
* The Paris Cookbook (2001)
* The Provence Cookbook (2004)
* Vegetable Harvest (2007)
* We've Always Had Paris ... And Provence (2008) with Walter Wells
* Salad as a Meal (2011)
# The Essential Ramblin' Jack Elliott

The Essential Ramblin' Jack Elliott is a compilation album by American folk musician Ramblin' Jack Elliott, released in 1976. It was originally issued as a double LP including Elliot's only Vanguard release Jack Elliott and other live tracks. The album was reissued on CD in 1998.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All songs Traditional unless otherwise noted.
* "Roving Gambler" – 3:36
* "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" – 2:38
* "Diamond Joe" – 2:58
* "Guabi Guabi" (Traditional, Jack Elliott) – 4:43
* "Sowing on the Mountain" – 2:15
* "Roll on Buddy" – 2:03
* "1913 Massacre" (Woody Guthrie) – 3:51
* "House of the Rising Sun" – 3:28
* "Shade of the Old Apple Tree" – 2:41
* "Black Snake Moan" – 3:26
* "Portland Town" (Derroll Adams) – 1:59
* "More Pretty Girls Than One" – 2:14
    Double LP and CD reissue live tracks:
* "San Francisco Bay Blues" (Jesse Fuller) – 2:15
* "Buffalo Skinners" – 4:51
* "Sadie Brown" – 3:30
* "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" (Bob Dylan) – 4:13
* "Blind Lemon Jefferson" (Lead Belly) – 3:55
* "Ramblin' Round Your City" (Guthrie) – 3:50
* "Tennessee Stud" (Jimmy Driftwood) – 4:14
* "Night Herding Song" – 3:20
* "Lovesick Blues" (Cliff Friend, Irving Mills) – 3:17
* "I Belong to Glasgow" (William Fyffe) – 5:31

## Personnel

* Ramblin' Jack Elliott – vocals, harmonica, guitar
# Verdun Shamcats

The Verdun Shamcats were a team in the Quebec Rugby Football Union from 1950 until 1966. The team was formed in July 1950 by the amalgamation of five local Verdun junior teams originally created in 1945, into a single, more competitive team in the junior Quebec Rugby Football League. The bulk of the new team was drawn from the Verdun Shamrocks, which became the basis of the "Sham-Cats" team name. The team's initial coach was Gus McFarlane
CFL great Tony Pajaczkowski of the Calgary Stampeders and Bob Geary of the Montreal Alouettes played for the team. In 1958 they beat the Cornwall Emards to win the league championship. In 1961 they beat the St. Vital Bulldogs 32-31 for the national senior championship. The team, and the league (QSFL), folded after the 1964 season and was replaced by the Verdun Mustangs and later by the Verdun Invictus, in the Metropolitan Junior Football Conference in 1968, who moved up from the QRFU juvenile division.
# San Javier River (Tucumán)

Río San Javier (San Javier River) is a stream 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi) from the summer town of San Javier in Tucumán Province, Argentina.
# Melon Juice

Melon juice may also refer to:
* Melon Juice (album), by Melon Kinenbi
* "Melon Juice" (song), by HKT48
# Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington

Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet (1 April 1759 – 19 March 1844) of Swillington, Yorkshire was an English landowner and Member of Parliament.
He was the second son of Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge.
On 4 September 1790, he married Lady Elizabeth Fane (d. 1844), daughter of John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland. They had four children:
* Sir John Henry Lowther, 2nd Baronet (1793–1868)
* George William Lowther (17 October 1795 – 1805)
* Sir Charles Hugh Lowther, 3rd Baronet (1803–1894)
* Elizabeth Lowther (d. 2 October 1863), unmarried
He purchased the estate at Wilton Castle in about 1806 and built a new mansion house there. At some time after his elder brother was created Earl of Lonsdale, the Swillington estate was made over to John, who was himself created a baronet on 3 November 1824.
He died in 1844 and was succeeded by his eldest son John Henry Lowther.
# Woodyard

Woodyard may refer to:

## Surnames

* Alex Woodyard (born 1993), English footballer
* Earl Woodyard (1946–2015), American police officer
* Harry C. Woodyard (1867–1929), American politician
* Harry Woodyard (Illinois politician) (1930–1997), American politician
* John Robert Woodyard (1904–1981), American physicist
* Mark Woodyard (born 1978), American baseball player
* Nathan Woodyard, American police officer involved in the death of Elijah McClain
* Sam Woodyard (1925–1988), American jazz drummer
* Terrence Woodyard (born 1982), American basketball player
* Wesley Woodyard (born 1986), American football player

## Places

* Woodyard, Illinois, United States
* Woodyard, Maryland, United States
* Woodyard Archeological Site, Maryland, United States
* Woodyard, West Virginia, United States
* Woodyardville, Arkansas, United States
* Devil's Woodyard, mud volcano, Trinidad
# Thumb Peak (Palawan)

Thumb Peak is a small mountain in central Palawan, Philippines, and is the highest point in the Thumb Range. Like Mount Mantalingahan and Mount Victoria further south, Thumb Peak is part of the Mount Beaufort Ultramafics geological area, a series of ultramafic outcrops of Eocene origin that emerge in various parts of the island.
The mountain was formerly known as Mount Pulgar, a name it acquired during the Spanish Colonial period. Pulgar, means thumb in Spanish, and the name was probably translated directly to English following the ousting of Spain during the Spanish–American War. The name may have arisen as a result of the mountain's profile, which vaguely resembles the tip of a thumb protruding from a clenched fist.
The upper reaches of Thumb Peak are populated by species associated with ultramafic soils, including a number of endemics, such as the tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes deaniana, rediscovered on the mountain in 2007 for the first time since its description in 1908.

## Hiking activity

Thumb Peak is accessible from the Iwahig Penal Colony as a 2–3 day hike, graded Difficulty 7/9 by local mountaineering website PinoyMountaineer.com. Highlights of the trail include river crossings, trekking through dense forests, and beautiful views at the summit. A permit is required to climb the mountain.
# Thornwood, West Virginia

Thornwood is an unincorporated community in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States. Thornwood is on the East Fork of the Greenbrier River. US Route 250 passes approximately one-half mile to the south. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) east-northeast of Durbin.
# Mouloudou

Mouloudou is a settlement in the East Province of Cameroon. Of the tropical forest in the area, 1,082,454 km$^2$ is protected for community hunting. Mouloudou was the site of a German station during the colonial period. The station was set up by Hans Dominik with the aid of Karl Atangana.
# Théodore Tiffereau

Théodore Cyprien Tiffereau, born in Sainte-Radégonde-des-Noyers, on June 23, 1819, and died in Arvert (Charente-Maritime) on March 9, 1909, was a French photographer and alchemist.
He studied chemistry and physics at the Professional School 2 of Nantes, he is also a chemistry trainer there.
Tiffereau traveled to Mexico from 1842 to 1847, from where he brought back daguerreotypes of landscapes and native Mexicans.
Between 1854 and 1855, he presented six memoirs to the French Academy of Sciences concerning the transmutation of silver into gold. In particular, he claimed that silver from Mexico possessed specific chemical properties allowing this transmutation.
His claims were described in the contemporary chemical theories, and were deemed important enough and plausible enough that the Academy of Sciences made a committee to investigate his claims.