# 1934 Minnesota State Auditor election

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Elections in Minnesota :
General elections
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024 :
Federal elections
Presidential elections
1860
1864
1868
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
Dem
2004
Dem
2008
Dem
Rep
2012
2016
Dem
Rep
2020
Dem
Rep
2024
Dem
Rep
LMN
Senate elections
Class 1
1858
1863
1869
1875
1881
1886
1892
1899
1901 (sp)
1905
1911
1916
1922
1928
1934
1940
1946
1952
1958
1964
1970
1976
1978 (sp)
1982
1988
1994
2000
2006
2012
2018
2024
Class 2
1858
1865
1871 (sp)
1871
1877
1881 (sp)
1883
1888
1895
1901
1907
1913
1918
1923 (sp)
1924
1930
1936 (sp)
1936
1942 (sp)
1942
1948
1954
1960
1966
1972
1978
1984
1990
1996
2002
2008
2014
2018 (sp)
2020
2026
House of Representatives
1849 (Terr)
1850 (Terr)
1852 (Terr)
1854 (Terr)
1856 (Terr)
1857
1859
1860
1862
1864
1866
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1929
5th sp
7th sp
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1977
7th sp
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
5th
6th
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
1st sp
2024 :
State executive elections
Gubernatorial elections
1857
1859
1861
1863
1865
1867
1869
1871
1873
1875
1877
1879
1881
1883
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Lieutenant gubernatorial elections
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1966
1970
Secretary of State elections
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
State Auditor elections
1934
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Attorney General elections
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022 :
State legislative elections
Senate elections
1890
1894
1898
1902
1906
1910
1976
1980
1982
1986
1990
1992
1996
2000
2002
2006
2010
2012
2016
2020
2022
2026
House of Representatives elections
1910
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
Special elections
Senate
House of Representatives :
Ballot questions
2012
Amendment 1
Amendment 2 :
Minneapolis
General elections
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021
Mayoral elections
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021
City Council elections
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021
2023
City ballot questions
Question 2 (2021) :
Saint Paul
Mayoral elections
2001
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021 :
vte :
The 1934 Minnesota State Auditor election was held on November 6, 1934, to elect the state auditor of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Incumbent Republican Stafford King won re-election to a second term. King was challenged by Farmer-Labor candidate John Lyons and Democratic candidate Patrick Delaney.
As of 2024, this is the closest Minnesota State Auditor election ever.

## Candidates
### Republican Party

Incumbent Republican State Auditor Stafford King was considered "certain" to be the party's nominee for the role again. King was endorsed by the Minnesota Republican Party in April, and was the only Republican candidate to file for the race.

### Democratic Party

Of the three parties which nominated candidates in the auditor's race, only the Democratic Party had a primary, which was held on June 18.

#### Nominee

* Patrick J. Delaney Jr., University of St. Thomas boxing coach

#### Eliminated in primary

* Theodore Zimmerman, highway overseer of Le Sueur County

#### Primary results

Democratic primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Patrick J. Delaney, Jr. | 114,842 | 52.80 |
| | Democratic | Theodore Zimmerman | 102,660 | 47.20 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 217,502 | 100.00 |

### Farmer-Labor Party

State Representative Harold Atwood of Winona was reportedly the early favorite of Farmer-Labor leadership to take on Stafford King. Farmer-Labor Governor Floyd Olson reportedly preferred former-Republican and Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives Charles Munn.
John T. Lyons of Le Center originally sought the endorsement of the Farmer-Labor Party for the lieutenant governorship but settled to run for the auditor's office after the party endorsed Hjalmar Peterson for Lieutenant Governor. After winning the party's endorsement at its March convention, Lyons filed officially to run on May 4.

#### Nominee

* John T. Lyons, 1932 Farmer-Labor nominee for Secretary of State

#### Other candidates

* Harold Atwood, State Representative from Winona (lost at convention)

## General election
### Campaign
#### Fighting the Farmer-Labor Party

Both Republican and Democratic leaders considered the Farmer-Labor Party to be a fundamental threat to private ownership in the state. The 1934 Republican platform explicitly called the Farmer-Labor "Marxian" and called for the combination of the Democratic and Republican tickets to defeat Farmer-Laborism:
   Two great parties in the United States, the Republican and the Democratic, now furnish the vehicles for expression of the people's will. They have differed in matters of policy upon economic and other similar questions but they have never differed in their devotion to American institutions, American ideals, the liberty of the individual, and support of our constitutions, state and federal, and when these are threatened, patriotic citizens of all parties can and should join hands against the common menace.
   Not since the Civil War have the citizens of Minnesota been brought face to face with a more serious situation than confronts us today. Our system of state government has been challenged by a far-reaching philosophy of life which means the entire subordination of the rights of the individual to a socialized and Sovietized dictatorship, involves the ownership of the home, the farm, and of the small business, threatens our school system, seeks to impose collectivism upon all our industries, and would result in the enslavement of labor.
   At a time like this, we should and do call upon men and women of whatever party to stand together. Let us not ask: What is this or that candidate's past political affiliation, but is he for Sovietism or Americanism?
Thus began one of the defining dynamics of the general election: the calls for a "Fusion" ballot and the suspension of Democrat Patrick Delaney's campaign.

#### Proposed "Fusion"

Shortly after the June 18 state primary, Democratic and Republican leaders continued discussing the formation of a combined ticket to battle the increasing strength of Farmer-Laborites. Such a move would have involved either the Democratic or Republican nominee for each statewide office dropping out of the race and endorsing their non-Farmer-Labor opponent. Democratic gubernatorial nominee John E. Regan, while rejecting the idea that he should personally drop out, nonetheless promoted the idea that Minnesotans should fight Farmer-Laborism and "the threats of communism" by uniting "efforts of all parties working for the common [anti-Farmer-Labor] cause."
The most common version of the "Fusion" proposal called for Democratic nominees to drop out in races with a Republican incumbent (such as the auditor's race) and for Republicans to drop out when facing a Farmer-Labor incumbent. If this plan were agreed to, then, Democratic State Auditor candidate Patrick Delaney would drop out from the race and endorse the Republican candidate and incumbent Stafford King. Initially, Delaney expressed openness to this plan if it were adopted by all interested parties.

#### Fusion controversies

In the run-up to the state Democratic convention, prospects for a combined ticket fizzled. Democratic leaders, wishing a workable deal with Republicans would emerge, reportedly felt that the predominant collaboration proposal was too rosy for Republicans. In the latest version of the proposal, Republican nominees would drop out of the top two races for Governor and U.S. Senator and Democratic nominees would drop out of all other seven statewide races, a split which Democratic leadership thought was unnecessarily slanted. Further, Republican leaders were less-than-enthused about the prospect of giving up the two most prominent offices in the state. Delaney cooled to the plan and denounced rumors that he planned to drop from the race and endorse King.
The state Democratic convention was held on July 17 in St. Cloud. Despite support within the party for the "Fusion" plan, Democratic leaders were successful in suppressing calls to suspend statewide campaigning. Oliver T. Skellet, a former Democratic candidate for governor who did not win the primary, opened discussion at the convention about the possibility of forwarding the "Fusion" proposal. However, clever procedural maneuvering by the convention's chair prevented the debate from truly getting started. Still, it was understood that support within the party ranks for "Fusion" was strong enough that it would not fade yet as a political issue.

#### Continuing Fusion discourse

In late July, Hugh Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for Secretary of State, offered publicly to drop from the race and back the Republican candidate Mike Holm. He also suggested that Delaney drop out and endorse King in exchange for Republicans dropping out and endorsing the Democratic candidates for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General. Delaney responded immediately, clarifying that he was going to be on the November ballot and was not thinking of dropping out and announcing the opening of a campaign headquarters. State Democratic leaders believed Delaney was "the most determined obstacle" to forming a potential "Fusion" agreement. Two days later, Republican and Democratic leaders announced their opposition to the plan, though Republican auditor candidate King stayed mum.
"Fusion" talks continued into August, though Delaney's position on the issue did not change. At a rally in St. Paul on August 13, Delaney remarked that he found the idea insulting, and that the Republican and Democratic schemers who devised the plan took him for a "half nut." He went on: "No one is going to sell out Pat Delaney for any reason. With your help, I'll be elected." At a rally in late August, Delaney called out the "standpat Republicans" and "weak sisters among the Democrats" who hoped for a "Fusion" deal to emerge.
On September 7, while speaking to the Ramsey County Democrats, Delaney called for a cessation of all "Fusion" discussions.

#### Communist accusations

   The real 'radicals' that we must conquer are the cold and indifferent captains of big business who live to loot and plunder, who press the people deeper and deeper in the mire of despondency so that they themselves may roll in the filthy sty of unearned profits.
John Lyons, The Minneapolis Tribune
After brewing for years, accusations that Farmer-Laborites were actually communists boiled over in 1934. In an August speech at Grand Rapids, Farmer-Labor candidate for State Auditor John Lyons called out "reactionary forces" he said were attempting to confuse voters with accusations of communism. In September, Lyons refused to respond to an endorsement questionnaire sent out by the Minnesota Socialist Party, essentially declaring that he did not want their support. Just days before the election, Lyons was still combating charges of communism and delivered a speech over radio to clarify his position that private enterprise was not a target of Farmer-Labor ire. He nonetheless confirmed the Farmer-Labor position against "greed and graft."

#### Allegation of embezzlement

Late in the campaign, Delaney accused King of embezzling public money and spending it on campaign literature. King denied the charge.

### Endorsements
#### Others

* Gene Tunney, former heavyweight boxing title holder
* Theodore Zimmerman, former primary opponent

#### Newspapers

* Minneapolis Journal
Advocacy groups
* Recovery League of Minnesota

#### State Representatives

* Harold Atwood, State Representative from Winona

### Results

The election was held on November 6.
1934 Minnesota State Auditor election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Stafford King (incumbent) | 380,302 | 38.76% | −14.48% |
| | Farmer–Labor | John Lyons | 379,654 | 38.69% | +2.74% |
| | Democratic | Patrick Delaney | 221,221 | 22.55% | +11.75% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 981,177 | 100.00% | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

## Aftermath

Immediately following the election, it was unclear who had won. Though it could be safely surmised that Delaney had lost, the margin between King and Lyons was exceptionally narrow.
This race was the last race to be called for a seat on Minnesota's Executive Council, a body which helps to spend money and approve the governor's executive orders. Because the Farmer-Labor Party had already won the governorship and attorney general's office, and Republicans had locked in wins in the treasurer and secretary of state races, whichever party won the auditor's office would control the executive council.

### Trading leads

On the morning of Tuesday, November 7, early unofficial tabulations had Lyons leading. By the evening, King seemed to have pulled ahead. Thursday papers reported Lyons had pulled ahead again. By Friday, the closeness of the auditor's race was frontpage, headline news. King led by just 2,240 votes with 105 precincts left to report.
The race seemed to settle the following weekend when King led by 1,539 votes with only one precinct outstanding. On the same day, the Farmer-Labor Party announced that they believed there had been a miscount, and that Lyons led by 137 votes. One article claimed that Hennepin County had undercounted Lyons by as much as 1,400 votes.

### Canvass and recount

After all the precincts had been appropriately tallied, King led by 648 votes. The official canvass of the state was conducted on November 20, certifying this margin and opening the door for Lyons to request a recount.
Lyons formally filed a recount request in Ramsey County District Court on November 24, alleging numerous irregularities and miscounts. On November 26, Judge John Boerner granted Lyons request and ordered the appointment of ten teams of recounters at Lyons's expense. The recount began on November 30.
In late December, recounters brought by King sued Lyons for failing to pay for the then-ongoing recount, and thereby failing to pay them. Judge Hugo Hanft ruled that Lyons was not obligated to pay for the recount until it was completed.
The recount was not completed until February 1935. Even then, 1,500 votes remained uncounted due to disputes among the recounters. Though there were still ballots waiting to be counted, King's lead had nonetheless expanded to 988 votes.
On February 21, 1935, Lyons's final challenge was dismissed in Ramsey County District Court by Judge Carlton McNally King received his certificate of election in March, having been ruled the victor by 1,031 votes.