OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Turn-off notice

A turn-off notice, cut-off notice, or shut-off notice is a warning letter sent out by the provider of a service for a residence or other building, such as utility, phone service, or cable television, that if payment is not sent by the date indicated in the notice, the service will be interrupted. Turn-off notices, which are sent after a regular bill has been sent, but may resemble a bill, are generally sent several days to weeks before the planned date, giving the customer a sufficient amount of time to make a payment that would avert the interruption.
Turn-off notices are often sent to those who are economically struggling, thereby having difficulty paying their bills on time, the absent-minded who are able to afford their bills but are disorganized in making timely payments, and to those who are out of commission to pay bills due to personal unforeseen circumstances, such as illness.
In some cases, the turnoff notice may be necessary to obtain government or private aid in paying the bills.
Many turn-off notices encourage the customer to make a payment by some method other than the postal service to ensure that the payment is received before the cut-off date. Some methods of payment that are commonly accepted include check or credit card over the phone or online, or payment at the main office or a satellite location of the service provider, which may charge a fee for accepting the bill.

## Averting the turnoff

It is not uncommon for a customer who receives a turnoff notice to panic or to attempt to avoid the provider while silently dealing with the matter. But the general recommendation is to contact the service provider, which may be willing to grant an extension or otherwise work with the customer to keep payments up to date.
For certain types of utilities, such as heating, limited assistance may be available in some places to help customers pay their bills.

## Moratoriums and laws

Some local governments have placed temporary moratoriums on utility turnoffs under certain conditions, such as cold weather, the presence of a child, elderly, or sick person, or political controversies.
Some places have laws prohibiting or restricting certain turnoffs altogether. In the U.S. state of Idaho, the law prohibits utilities from turning off service in a residence where a child or dependent elderly person lives, though proof of this is required.
# Artur Brusenbauch

Artur Brusenbauch (24 November 1881 – 18 January 1957) was an Austrian painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Actinosynnema

Actinosynnema is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

## Etymology

The name Actinosynnema derives from: Greek noun aktis, aktinos (ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος), beam =actinomycete-like bacterium; Greek prep. syn, in company with, together with; Greek noun nema, thread; N.Greek noun synnema, threads wrapping together, synnema; Neo-Latin neuter gender noun Actinosynnema, indicates a synnema-forming actinomycete.

## Species

The genus contains 2 species, namely
* A. mirum Hasegawa et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) (Latin neuter gender adjective mirum, marvellous, wonderful.)
* A. pretiosum Hasegawa et al. 1983 (Latin neuter gender adjective pretiosum, precious.)
# Q50

Q50 may refer to:
* Q50 (New York City bus)
* Infiniti Q50, an automobile
* ITU-T Recommendation Q.50, a telecommunications standard
* Qaf (surah), the 50th surah of the Quran
# Pongdong station

Pongdong station is a railway station located in Pongsan County, North Hwanghae province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang; though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

## History

Although the Kyŏngŭi Line was originally opened on 3 April 1906, the station itself was opened by the Chosen Government Railway for passenger and freight service on 1 July 1923. The station was closed after the Korean War. The station, as well as the disused section from Kaesŏng across the DMZ to Dorasan, was rebuilt in 2003, and a special train inaugurating the reopened line ran on 17 May 2007. Regular freight service began between Dorasan and the Kaesŏng Industrial Region, and although passenger service for South Korean workers exists between Dorasan and the Kaesŏng Industrial Area, apart from the inaugural special train, there has been no passenger service to Sonha station. The freight and passenger services have been interrupted several times as a result of political events between North and South that have caused the closure of the industrial district; it was most recently reopened on 16 September 2013 after a five-month shutdown.
# Wings of Freedom

Wings Of Freedom, Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Hubbard, Ohio. The company was previously located in Middlefield, Ohio. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of plans and kits for amateur construction.
In late 2019 the company website had been taken down and it is likely that the company has closed.
The company's line included two Raceair Designs aircraft designs, the Raceair Skylite and Raceair Lil Bitts, plus the Wings of Freedom Phoenix 103, which is based upon the discontinued Aero-Works Aerolite 103, for which Wings of Freedom has been providing parts. The Wings of Freedom Flitplane is an original design, intended to be simple and inexpensive to build and fly.
The origin of the company name is explained, "the name 'Wings of Freedom' is derived from the feeling that every pilot has experienced when he or she has taken to the air. (Freedom)".
# Paul Hopper

Paul Hopper may refer to:
* Paul A. Hopper (born 1956), Australian bioentrepreneur
* Paul J. Hopper, American linguist
# Tupiratins

Tupiratins is a municipality in the state of Tocantins in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Artur Bugaj

Artur Bugaj (born 22 October 1970) is a Polish former professional football player who played as a forward.
He initially was on the books at Wisła Kraków, but did not play a game there. He played in the second league for Cracovia in 1989/90. Having scored 40 goals by the 1995/96 season, he declined in form until 2000/01 when he spent two seasons in the second division, in GKS Bełchatów and Lech Poznań.

## Honours

Lech Poznań
* II liga: 2001–02
Pogoń Szczecin
* II liga: 2003–04
# Villaverde y Pasaconsol

Villaverde y Pasaconsol is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 413 inhabitants.
# Actinostrobus pyramidalis

Actinostrobus pyramidalis, commonly known as swamp cypress, Swan River cypress and King George's cypress pine, is a species of coniferous tree in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). Like the other species in the genus Actinostrobus, it is endemic to southwestern Western Australia.
Swamp cypress is a shrub or small tree, reaching eight metres tall. The leaves are evergreen and scale-like, except on young seedlings, where they are needle-like. The leaves are arranged in six rows along the twigs, in alternating whorls of three. The male cones are small, 3–6 mm long, and are located at the tips of the twigs. The female cones start out similarly inconspicuous, but mature in 18–20 months to 1–2 cm with a rounded apex.
The cones open and release the seeds only upon drying. They tend to remain closed on the trees for many years, opening only if the branch, or the whole tree, dies. Bushfire kills swamp cypress, but it also causes a great many seeds to be released all at once, resulting in prolific regeneration. In one case, an isolated tree on Jeegarnyeejip Island was killed by fire, and the following winter there were 800 seedlings per square metre within a couple of metres of the original specimen, and about 150 per square metre ten metres away.
The species was first collected from Perth in September 1841 by Johann August Ludwig Preiss, and a description was published by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in 1845 as Actinostrobus pyramidalis. A 2010 study of the genera Actinostrobus and Callitris found that all three species of Actinostrobus lay within the current concept of Callitris based on analysis of 42 morphological and anatomical characters, hence Actinostrobus pyramidalis was renamed Callitris pyramidalis.
# Ponghak station

Ponghak station is a railway station in P'yŏngsŏng city, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is located on the P'yŏngra Line of the Korean State Railway.
# Arthur Appleby

Arthur Appleby (22 July 1843 – 24 October 1902) was an English first-class cricketer. A left arm round arm medium pace bowler and left-handed batsman, he played 58 matches for Lancashire as an amateur between 1866 and 1887 and in 81 first-class matches in total. He also appeared for Marylebone Cricket Club (1874), the Gentlemen (1867–1887), North of England (1869–1873), Gentlemen of the North (1870–1879), Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club (1873), Gentlemen of England (1874–1878), and RA FitzGerald's XI (1872) and in the Gentlemen to Canada Touring Team (1873).
Bowling was his strongest suit, with 9 for 25 against Sussex being his best innings analysis. He took 5 wickets in an innings on 24 occasions and ten wickets in a match 3 times. He never made a first-class century, falling just one run short against Yorkshire in a Roses Match.
He was born at Enfield, Clayton-le-Moors, Lancashire, on 22 July 1843, the son of mill owner Joseph Appleby. Educated at Grange School, Thorp Arch, near Tadcaster he began his playing days at Enfield Cricket Club where he was coached by John Berry and W. H. Iddison. He played in 58 matches for Lancashire between 1866 and 1887 and in 81 first-class matches in total.
In later life he assumed control of the family firm and, amongst other directorships, sat on the board of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. He was an Alderman of the Lancashire County Council and Chairman of the County Bench, sitting at Church. He died at Mill House, Enfield, Clayton-le-Moors, Lancashire, on 24 October 1902.
# Thiotetrabarbital

Thiotetrabarbital (INN; Thionarcex) is a drug which is a short-acting barbiturate derivative that is used as an anesthetic. It has been used in veterinary medicine.
# Wudu Dam

The Wudu Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Fu River located 14 km (9 mi) north of Jiangyou in Sichuan Province, China. The primary purpose of the dam is irrigation and it is part of the Sichuan Wudu Irrigated Agricultural Development Project. The dam also provides flood control and supports a 150 MW power station. Construction on the dam began on 1 November 2004 and excavation in March 2005. Pouring of roller-compacted concrete began in 2006 and the dam was complete in 2008. The last generator was commissioned in 2010. The 120 m (394 ft) tall dam creates a reservoir with a capacity of 572,000,000 m$^3$ (463,728 acre⋅ft).
# Tupiocoris notatus

Tupiocoris notatus is a sap-sucking bug in the family of Miridae. It feeds on mesophyll cell contents of solanaceous plants like Datura and Nicotiana-species.

## Background

The insect is about 2 – 3 mm long and, like all hemipterans, undergoes an incomplete metamorphosis with several nymph stages. It is distributet mainly in the southern continental US and Mexico but also the Caribbean, Middle- and South America. This organism is used in research as a model organism in the field of chemical ecology to study plant-herbivore interactions between this insect and plants like Datura wrightii or the model plant Nicotiana attenuata.
# Night Series

Night Series may refer to any of the following Australian rules football competitions which were played primarily at night:
* VFL Night Series, a consolation series played between 1956 and 1971 amongst non-finalists from the Victorian Football League
* NFL Night Series, a mid-year series played between 1976 and 1979 amongst Victorian, South Australian, Western Australian and Queensland clubs and minor state representative teams and administered by the National Football League
* AFC Night Series, a pre-season and mid-year series played between 1977 and 1987 amongst Victorian, South Australian, Western Australian and minor state representative teams and administered first by the Victorian Football League, then by Australian Football Championships
# Achaete-scute complex

The achaete-scute complex (AS-C) is a group of four genes (achaete, scute, lethal of scute, and asense) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These genes encode basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that have been best studied in their regulation of nervous system development. Because of their role in specifying neuroblast fate, the genes of the AS-C are called proneural genes. However, the AS-C has non-proneural functions, such as specifying muscle and gut progenitors. Homologues of AS-C in other animals, including humans and other vertebrates, have similar functions.
Genes of the AS-C interact with the Notch pathway in both their proneural functions as well as their specification of gut and muscle cells.

## Genetic structure

The complex is found near the tip of the X chromosome, just 3' of yellow, in chromosome bands 1A6 through 1B3. It occupies around 93 kb of the genome, with all four genes oriented in the same direction.

### achaete

The 5′-most gene of the achaete-scute complex, achaete (short form ac), is a small gene of less than 1000 bp. The Achaete protein is 201 amino acids long and has a relative size of 23 kDa. As with most classically described Drosophila genes, achaete is named for its mutant phenotype, which is the lack of sensory hairs (macrochaetae and microchaetae) on the back of the adult fly. Achaete functions to specify sensory hair cell fate. It functions downstream of other genes, including hairy and extramacrochaete, that set up fields of cells that may express achaete.

### scute

Scute (short form sc) is found in about 25 kb (3)′ of achaete. It is a 1.45 kb gene encoding a 345 aa protein of 38.2 kDa.

### lethal or scute

lethal or scute (short form l(1)sc) is found about 12 kb 3′ of scute. It is a 1.1 kb gene encoding a 257 aa protein of 29 kDa.

### asense

asense (short form ase) found 45 kb 3′ of l(1)sc. It is a 2.8 kb gene encoding a 486 aa protein of 53.2 kDa.
# 1961 British Cameroons referendum

A United Nations referendum was held in the British Cameroons on 11 February 1961 to determine whether the territory should join neighbouring Cameroon or Nigeria. This followed an earlier plebiscite in the Northern Cameroons in 1959 which voted to postpone a decision. The option of full independence was not on the ballot, having been opposed by Andrew Cohen, the UK representative to the UN Trusteeship Council, as well as African and anti-colonial delegations, notably by E. M. L. Endeley, who favoured independence by joining Nigeria, and John Ngu Foncha, who favoured independence by joining Francophone Cameroon.
The Muslim-majority Northern Cameroons saw a majority of 60% in favour of joining Nigeria, whilst the Christian-majority Southern Cameroons saw 70.5% in favour of joining Cameroon. Northern Cameroon officially became Sardauna Province, a part of the Northern Region of Nigeria, on 1 June, whilst the Southern Cameroons became West Cameroon, one of the two federated states of the Federal Republic of Cameroon, on 1 October.

## Results

| Choice | Northern Cameroons | Northern Cameroons | Southern Cameroons | Southern Cameroons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Independence by joining Cameroon | 97,659 | 40.0 | 233,571 | 70.5 |
| Independence by joining Nigeria | 146,296 | 60.0 | 97,741 | 29.5 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | – | | – |
| Total | 243,955 | 100 | 331,312 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 292,985 | | 349,652 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al., African Elections Database |||||
# Ōtō

Ōtō may refer to:
* Ōtō, Fukuoka
* Ōtō, Nara
* Ōtō, Wakayama
* Keihan Ōtō Line
# Night & Day (The Secret Handshake album)

Night & Day is the fourth and last studio album from The Secret Handshake. In the album, Luis Dubuc forwent the techno dance pop sound for mid 20th century Motown soul. The album uses more traditional instruments, displaying a more matured Dubuc. The album was released on August 17, 2010, preceded by the music video for "Domino".

## Track listing

* Every Single Time 03:10
* Woman 02:55
* Domino 02:52
* Fresh Start 02:31
* Magic 03:13
* You Got Me 03:27
* Stop! 03:17
* Black Girl 03:12
* Is This Thing Through 03:19
* Used To Be Sweet (feat. Lights) 02:54
* Here's To You 03:25
* Woman (Night Version) 03:39
* Domino (Night Version) 03:04
* Stop! (Night Version) 02:50
* You Got Me (Night Version) 04:11
* Magic (Night Version) 02:47
* Fresh Start (Night Version) 02:33
* Black Girls (Night Version) 03:07
* Stop! (Night Version - Ver. 2.1) 03:25
# Wudu River

The Wudu River (simplified Chinese: 乌都河; traditional Chinese: 烏都河; pinyin: Wūdū Hé), also known as Suoqiao River (索桥河), Luoxi River (罗细河), Shangzhai River (上寨大河), Ban River (半河) and Gesuo River (格所河), is a tributary of the Beipan River in Panzhou, Guizhou, China. It flows northeast through the town of Danxia, emptying into the Beipan River at Niuguntang of Huaga Miao, Buyi and Yi Ethnic Township [zh]. It is 106 square kilometres (41 sq mi) long, draining an area of 1,997 square kilometres (771 sq mi).
# Marylebone Studios

Marylebone Studios was a British film studio in London. Established in the late 1930s, it had two stages in a converted church hall near the Edgware Road. The studio worked with Hammer Films on films, including the adaptations of the Dick Barton radio show. Production on additional films in the series ceased after the star was killed in a crash. Henry Halsted was the studio's owner and production supervisor. The studio eventually moved into advertisements and documentaries.
The Bespoke Overcoat (1956), which was filmed at the studio, won an Academy Award at the 29th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).
Nicolas Roeg began his film career at Marylebone Studios as a tea boy before moving up to clapper-loader.

## Filmography

* Walking on Air (1946)
* Death in High Heels (1947)
* Othello (1948).
* River Patrol (1948)
* There Is No Escape (1948)
* Dick Barton: Special Agent (1948)
* Dick Barton Strikes Back (1949)
* Dick Barton at Bay (1950)
* Tread Softly (1952)
* Bespoke Overcoat (1956)
* Out of the Shadows (1962)
* Don't Talk to Strange Men (1962)
* Lunch Hour (1962)
* On The Run (1970)
* Adam & Eve Mews, a television show
* I Was at School in France, a documentary
# Turbonilla kathiewayae

Turbonilla kathiewayae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Nikolai Lehto

Nikolai Lehto, (1905 Halikko - 1994 Turku) was a Finnish painter. He was interested in art when he moved to Turku in the 1920s. At a beginning, productions were traditional, realistic and paintings of humans. In time, artist went more to naivistic and surrealistic -style. Most popular works included humans and animals.
# Normative science

In the applied sciences, normative science is a type of information that is developed, presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular outcome, policy or class of policies or outcomes. Regular or traditional science does not presuppose a policy preference, but normative science, by definition, does. Common examples of such policy preferences are arguments that pristine ecosystems are preferable to human altered ones, that native species are preferable to nonnative species, and that higher biodiversity is preferable to lower biodiversity.
In more general philosophical terms, normative science is a form of inquiry, typically involving a community of inquiry and its accumulated body of provisional knowledge, that seeks to discover good ways of achieving recognized aims, ends, goals, objectives, or purposes. Many political debates revolve around arguments over which of the many "good ways" shall be selected. For example, when presented as scientific information, words such as ecosystem health, biological integrity, and environmental degradation are typically examples of normative science because they each presuppose a policy preference and are therefore a type of policy advocacy.
# Mike Mohring

Mike Mohring may refer to:
* Mike Mohring (politician) (born 1971), German politician
* Mike Mohring (American football) (born 1974), American football defensive tackle
# 1949 New York Film Critics Circle Awards

15th New York Film Critics Circle Awards
February 5, 1950 (announced December 27, 1949)
All the King's Men
The 15th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1949.

## Winners

* Best Film:
** All the King's Men
* Best Actor:
** Broderick Crawford - All the King's Men
* Best Actress:
** Olivia de Havilland - The Heiress
* Best Director:
** Carol Reed - The Fallen Idol
* Best Foreign Language Film:
** Bicycle Thieves (Ladri di biciclette) • Italy
# Paul Laymann

Paul Laymann (1574 – 13 November 1635 or 1632 ) was an Austrian Jesuit and moralist.

## Biography

Laymann was born at Arzl, near Innsbruck. After studying jurisprudence at Ingolstadt, he entered the Society of Jesus there in 1594, was ordained priest in 1603, taught philosophy at the University of Ingolstadt from 1603-9, moral theology at the Jesuit house in Munich from 1609–25, and Canon law at the University of Dillingen from 1625-32. He died of the plague at Konstanz.

## Works

Laymann was one of the greatest moralists and canonists of his time, and a copious writer on philosophical, moral, and juridical subjects. The most important of his thirty-three literary productions is a compendium of moral theology, Theologia Moralis in quinque libros partita (Munich, 1625), of which a second and enlarged edition in six volumes appeared in 1626 at the same place. Until the second quarter of the eighteenth century it was edited repeatedly (latest edition, Mainz, 1723), and was extensively used as a textbook in Catholic seminaries.
Especially in the third edition of his Theologia Moralis, Laymann stands up resolutely for a milder treatment of those who had been accused of witchcraft. The reason why Laymann is often represented as an advocate of the horrible cruelties practised at trials for witchcraft lies in the assumption that he is the author of a book entitled Processus juridicus contra sagas et vene fico (Cologne, 1629). Quite in contrast with Laymann's Theologia Moralis, this book is a defence of the extreme severity at trials for witchcraft. Bernhard Duhr has proved that Laymann is not the author of this work. See Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie, XXIII (Innsbruck, 1899), 733-43; XXIV (1900), 585-92; XXV (1901), 166-8; XXIX (1905), 190-2.
At the instance of Bishop Heinrich von Knöringen of Augsburg, Laymann wrote Pacis compositio inter Principes et Ordines Imperii Romani Catholicos atque Augustanæ Confessionis adhærentes (Dillingen, 1629), an elaborate work of 658 pages, explaining the value and extent of the Religious Peace of Augsburg, effected by King Ferdinand I in 1555. Another important work of Laymann is Justa defensio S. Rom. Pontificis, augustissimi Cæsaris, S.R.E. Cardinalium, episco porum, principum et alioram, demum minimæ Societatis Jesu, in causa monasteriorum extinctorum et bonorum ecclesiasticorum vacantium . . . (Dillingen, 1631). It treats of the Edict of Restitution, issued by Ferdinand II in 1629, and sustains the point that in case of the ancient orders the property of suppressed monasteries need not be restored to the order to which these monasteries belonged, because each monastery was a corporation of its own. Such property, therefore, may be applied to Catholic schools and other ecclesiastical foundations. In the case of the Jesuit Order, however, he holds that all confiscated property must he restored to the order as such, because the whole Jesuit Order forms only one corporation.
His work on canon law, Jus Canonicum seu Commentaria in libros decretales (3 vols., Dillingen, 1666–98), was published after his death.