OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beer sommelier

A beer sommelier, also known as a cicerone in the United States, is a trained professional, working in the hospitality and alcoholic beverage industry, who specializes in the service and knowledge of beer, similar to a traditional wine sommelier. The knowledge required for certification includes an understanding of styles, brewing, ingredients, history of beer and brewing, glassware, beer service, draught systems, beer tasting, and food pairings. The profession is relatively new but growing.

## Description

The work of a beer sommelier is varied due to its infancy and the broadness of the beer and brewing industry. Typically people who qualify through one of the accreditation schemes work in the hospitality industry and will have responsibility for choosing and purchasing beer, oversee its correct storage and service, attend customers and educate staff. In the brewing industry, beer sommeliers may take tours and tastings as well as be sales representatives. In the retail industry, they may be in charge of the buying and selection of beers available for purchase. Self-employed beer sommeliers may undertake a range of jobs including pub and restaurant consulting and staff training, beer writing, hosting tasting events and beer judging for competitions at festivals, as well as in print for beer reviews.
There are a number of private organisations that offer courses and certification for individuals as a beer sommelier, not always using this term, but one of their own creation. The Guild of Beer Sommeliers is a membership organisation for qualified beer sommeliers, recognising the many certifications available. One of the largest certifications is the "Cicerone" program, which is a registered trademark of the Craft Beer Institute. However, the term has seen usage in a generic sense as well.

## Beer tasting

Beer tasting is the act of assessing the flavor and quality of beer via the subjective process of sampling the beer. Some organizations provide beer rating systems to quantify the results of beer tasting.
The Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) is a non-profit organization formed in 1985 "to promote beer literacy and the appreciation of real beer, and to recognize beer tasting and evaluation skills". The BJCP has administered the Beer Judge Examination to 10,968 individuals worldwide, 6,898 are currently active judges in the program, with 851 holding the rank of National or higher, and its members have judged over 1,350,724 beers and have sanctioned over 8,218 competitions.
# American Eagle bullion coins

American Eagle bullion coins are produced by the United States Mint.
These include:
* American Silver Eagle
* American Gold Eagle
* American Platinum Eagle
* American Palladium Eagle
# Orange County Courthouse

Orange County Courthouse or Old Orange County Courthouse may refer to:
* Old Orange County Courthouse (California), Santa Ana, California
* Orange County Courthouse (Florida), Orlando, Florida
* Old Orange County Courthouse (Florida), Orlando, Florida
* Orange County Courthouse (Indiana), Paoli, Indiana
* Old Orange County Courthouse (North Carolina), Hillsborough, North Carolina
* Orange County Courthouse (Texas), Orange, Texas
* Orange County Courthouse (Virginia), Orange, Virginia
# Yuen Tun Tsuen

Yuen Tun Tsuen or Yuen Tun Village (Chinese: 圓墩村) is a village in Tsing Lung Tau, Tsuen Wan District, Hong Kong.

## History

Interviews conducted in 1982 mentioned that "When Tsing Yi villagers wanted to marry, they looked for partners from Tin Fu Tsai, Tsuen Wan and Yuen Tun."
# 1717 in France

Events from the year 1717 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Louis XV
* Regent: Philip II of Orleans

## Events

* 4 January (24 December 1716 OS) – Triple Alliance treaty between France, the Dutch Republic and Great Britain against Spain

## Arts and culture

* 27 March – Actress Adrienne Lecouvreur is invited to join the Comédie-Française in Paris, performing first in the title rôle of Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon's Electre
* 16 May – Voltaire is sentenced to eleven months in the Bastille and banished from Paris for criticizing the Duc D'Orléans; while in prison he writes his first play, Oedipe ("Oedipus")
* The last two volumes of Antoine Galland's Les mille et une nuits are published posthumously in Lyon of the first translation of One Thousand and One Nights into a European language, including the first translation of the story of Ali Baba

## Births

* 18 January – Jean-François-Marie de Surville, trader and navigator (died 1770)
* 8 May – Charles Guillaume Le Normant d'Étiolles, official, husband of Madame de Pompadour (died 1799)
* 20 June – Jacques Saly, sculptor (died 1776)
* 27 June – Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, botanist (died 1799)
* 13 August – Louis François, Prince of Conti, nobleman, military leader (died 1776)
* 15 August – Louis Carrogis Carmontelle, dramatist (died 1806)
* 5 October – Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, mistress of King Louis XV of France (died 1744)
* 16 November – Jean le Rond d'Alembert, mathematician and encyclopædist (died 1783)
* 29 December – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, statesman and diplomat (died 1785)
* full date unknown – Claude Humbert Piarron de Chamousset, philanthropist (died 1773)

## Deaths

* 3 March – Pierre Allix, Protestant clergyman (born 1641)
* 5 March – François de Callières, diplomat, member of the Académie française (born 1645)
* 3 April – Jacques Ozanam, mathematician (born 1640)
* 5 April – Jean Jouvenet, painter (born 1644)
* 8 April – Antoine Benoist, painter and sculptor (born 1632)
* 17 May – Bon Boullogne, painter (born 1649)
* 9 June – Jeanne Guyon, mystic (born 1648)
* 11 June – Louis de Carrières, priest and Bible commentator (born 1662)
* 29 June – Augustin le Gardeur de Courtemanche, soldier and ambassador (born 1663)
* 13 August – Nicolas Perrot, explorer, fur trader and diplomat (born c.1644)
* September – Casimir Oudin, monk and librarian (born 1638)
* October – Philippe Pastour de Costebelle, naval officer and Governor of Newfoundland (born 1661)
* 21 November – Jean-Baptiste Santerre, painter (born 1658)
# Pale pygmy jerboa

The pale pygmy jerboa or pallid pygmy jerboa (Salpingotus pallidus) is a species of rodent in the family Dipodidae endemic to Kazakhstan.
# Al Parker (disambiguation)

Al Parker (1952–1992) was an American actor, director, and producer in gay pornographic films.
Al Parker may also refer to:
* Al Parker (artist) (1906–1985), American artist and illustrator
* Al Parker (tennis) (born 1968), American tennis player
# Ringgold High School

Ringgold High School may refer to:
* Ringgold High School (Georgia) in Ringgold, Georgia
* Ringgold High School (Louisiana) in Ringgold, Louisiana
* Ringgold High School (Pennsylvania) in Monongahela, Pennsylvania
# American Piano Company

American Piano Company (Ampico) was an American piano manufacturer formed in 1908 through the merger of Wm. Knabe & Co., Chickering & Sons, Marshall & Wendell, and Foster-Armstrong. They later purchased the Mason & Hamlin piano company as their flagship piano. The merger created one of the largest American piano manufacturers. In 1932, it was merged with the Aeolian Company to form Aeolian-American Co.

## Reproducing pianos

From 1914, American Piano was one of the leading producers of player pianos, most notably their reproducing player known as the Ampico. The Ampico reproducing player piano was able to capture all the expression of the original performance, with dynamics and fine nuances other devices could not reproduce. Their main competitors in reproducing players were the Aeolian Duo-Art (1913) and Welte-Mignon (1905). The player piano and reproducing Ampico mechanism was originally designed by Charles Fuller Stoddard (1876–1958) with Dr. Clarence Hickman joining the company in the mid-1920s.
Distinguished classical and popular pianists such as Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943), Leo Ornstein (1892–2002), Ferde Grofé (1892-1972), Winifred MacBride, Marguerite Melville Liszniewska, Marguerite Volavy (1886–1951), Adam Carroll, Frank Milne and others recorded for Ampico, and their rolls are a legacy of 19th and early 20th century aesthetic and musical practice.
By the end of 1932, Ampico suffered economic difficulties and was finally merged with the Aeolian Company, manufacturer of player pianos and organs. The combined company, known as Aeolian-American Corp., went through several ownership changes before declaring bankruptcy in 1985.
The Ampico reproducing player piano system was discontinued in 1941. The last model introduced was the Ampico Spinet Reproducing Piano, which had all the functionality of a reproducing piano, and although having a low cost of $495, had modest sales.
The first piano rolls specially coded for the Ampico were made by Rythmodik Music Corporation.

## History

Originally named Despatch after the transportation company that spawned several dozen car shops in the area, the village of East Rochester was also home to a musical manufacturing giant for the better part of the 20th century. Nestled in between the New York Central Railroad tracks and Commercial Street, the 250,000 square-foot edifice designed by Henry Ives was the first industrial building in the United States to be constructed from reinforced concrete.
Renowned for its fine craftsmanship, the American Piano Company was the largest distributor and manufacturer of pianos in the world by the mid-1920s. The instrument's popularity reached its peak that decade thanks to a growth in prosperity and an increased interest in music stimulated by phonographs and radio. Piano producers across the country would not fare as well the following decade. Over 347,000 pianos were purchased in the United States in 1923, .

## Legacy

Ampico reproducing pianos, and their associated piano rolls were rediscovered by collectors in the 1960s who formed the Automatic Musical Instruments Collector's Association.
# Beardius

Beardius is a genus of Pan-American non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. It is named after the late Melvin Beard, a student at Eastern New Mexico University.

## Species

* B. abbadi Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. aciculatus Andersen & Sæther, 1996
* B. arawak Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. bizzoi Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. breviculus Reiss & Sublette, 1985
* B. bucephalus Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. chapala Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. cristhinae Trivinho-Strixino & Siqueira, 2007
* B. curticaudatus Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. dioi Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. fittkaui Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2009
* B. hirtidorsum Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. krenak Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. kumadueni Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. lingulatus Andersen & Sæther, 1996
* B. longicaudatus Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. mileneae Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. nebularius Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. neusae Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. novoairensis Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. parcus Reiss & Sublette, 1985
* B. phoenix Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. phytophilus Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2000
* B. reissi Jacobsen, 2000
* B. roquei Trivinho-Strixino & Siqueira, 2007
* B. sapiranga Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. triangulatus Andersen & Sæther, 1996
* B. truncatus Reiss & Sublette, 1985
* B. tupinamba Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. urupeatan Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2009
* B. vanessae Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
* B. xylophilus Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2000
* B. yperoig Pinho, Mendes & Andersen, 2013
# My Way (Shirley Kwan album)

My Way is the ninth Cantonese studio album by Hong Kong solo artist Shirley Kwan, released in 8 July 1994.

## Track listing

| Track | Title | Title in English | Composed by | Lyrics by | Arranged by |
| 01 | 逝去的傳奇 | Lost Legend | Dick Lee | 向雪懷 | 周啟生 |
| 02 | 繾綣星光下 | Cuddling Underneath the Stars | J.L. Dabadie/G. Lunghini | 周禮茂 | Tony A |
| 03 | 緊張 | Anxiety | Lam Man Chung | 因葵 | Lam Man Chung |
| 04 | 夜靠誰 | Who Cares For Me In the Night | 周啟生 | 余紹琪 | 周啟生 |
| 05 | 平靜裡的一盞燈 | The Lamp of Tranquility | J.L. Dabadie/G. Lunghini | Lam Man Chung | 蘇德華 |
| 06 | 心箭 | Arrow To The Heart | 草生 | Wong Jim | 周啟生 |
| 07 | RUMOUR | RUMOUR | Lauren Christy | Keith Chan (陳少琪) | Tony A |
| 08 | 告別戀曲 | Farewell | 中西保志 | 簡寧 | Tony A |
| 09 | 驚世感覺 | Out Of This World | Lam Man Chung | Lam Man Chung | Lam Man Chung |
| 10 | 偷取我心 | Stealing My Heart | 蘇德華 | 黃真 | 蘇德華 |
| 11 | 窗內窗外 | A Window Apart | Lauren Christy | 簡寧 | Tony A |
# Mali Suvodol

Mali Suvodol is a village in the municipality of Pirot, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 281 people.
# 1856 in sports

1856 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Baseball

Events
* The four established New York (Manhattan) clubs play nine matches between August 30 and October 28. Several other clubs in present New York City play matches against a rival or two. Daily and weekly newspapers cover the game and some matches.
* 17 October — the Eagle club scores 8 against 2 by Gotham, an extreme example of the main problem with the 21–run rule (revised to nine innings next spring).

## Boxing

Events
* 26 January — Harry Poulson meets the upcoming Tom Sayers at Appledore, Kent. Sayers enhances his growing reputation by winning in the 109th round.
* 19 May — Harry Broome finally defends the Championship of England against Tom Paddock at Manningtree. Paddock wins in the 51st round and takes the title. Broome announces his retirement.
* 2 October — a scheduled bout between Paddock and former champion William Perry is cancelled because Paddock is ill. Paddock pays forfeit and Perry claims the English title but is not recognised.
* With the American champion John Morrissey refusing to fight again until 1858, the focus shifts to his eventual next opponent, the upcoming John C. Heenan, known as "The Benicia Boy".

## Cricket

Events
* Surrey begins a period of dominance in the inter-county game, their team at this time including William Caffyn, Tom Lockyer, Edgar Willsher, H. H. Stephenson and Julius Caesar
England
* Most runs – John Lillywhite 620 @ 24.80 (HS 138)
* Most wickets – John Wisden 73 @ 12.51 (BB 6–33)

## Horse racing

England
* Grand National – Freetrader
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Manganese
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Fazzoletto
* The Derby – Ellington
* The Oaks – Mincepie
* St. Leger Stakes – Warlock

## Lacrosse

Events
* The Montreal Lacrosse Club is formed in Montreal by W. George Beers, the first organised lacrosse team. They also develop the first codified rules of lacrosse, which Beers will rewrite in 1867.

## Rowing

The Boat Race
* 15 March — Cambridge wins the 13th Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. The first twelve Races were contested over 27 years from 1829. From 1856 the event will be annual except during the two World Wars.
# William Allman

William Allman, M.D. (1776–1846) was Professor of Botany at Dublin.
He was born at Kingston, Jamaica, on 7 February 1776, but his parents removed to Ireland before he was four years of age, his mother being a native of Waterford. He was educated in that town, and Trinity College Dublin, where he was elected a Scholar, and graduated B.A. in 1796, M.A. in 1801, and M.D. in 1804. He practised medicine in Clonmel until 1809 when he was elected Professor of Botany at Trinity College Dublin. Soon after this event he became acquainted with Robert Brown, the botanist, with whom his friendship was lifelong.
In consequence of this intimacy, Dr. Allman arranged lectures in 1812 on the natural system, he being the first professor in the British isles to do so. He held the chair of botany until 1844 when he was succeeded by Dr. George James Allman; but he did not long enjoy his well-earned leisure, for he died on 8 December 1846.
In addition to the two mathematical papers mentioned in the 'Catalogue of Scientific Papers', he wrote 'On the Mathematical Relations of the Forms of the Cells of Plants', in the 'British Association Report' for 1835, erroneously attributed in the above-mentioned catalogue to his successor. He was also the author of an 'arrangement of plants' according to their natural affinities, which was read before the British Association at Dublin in 1835, and printed in its 'Proceedings'. This was afterwards more developed and issued under the title 'Familiæ Plantarum', Dublin, 1836, as a textbook for his classes.
His best-known work is a thin quarto entitled 'Analysis per differentias constantes viginti, inchoata, generum plantarum quæ in Britanniis, Gallia, Helvetia . . . sponte sua crescunt', London, 1828. In 1844 he privately brought out an abstract of a memoir read in 1811 before the Royal Society, but not printed, on the mathematical connection between the external organs of plants and their internal structure.
Allman's son, George (1824–1904),was a mathematician, classical scholar, and historian of ancient Greek mathematics.
# Al Garhoud Bridge

Al Garhoud Bridge (in Arabic: جسر القرهود) is one of three road bridges over Dubai Creek, and one of five crossings, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Al Garhoud Bridge forms the eastern end of the road toll (called Salik) that went into effect on 1 July 2007. Since the beginning of Salik, Al Garhoud Bridge has seen low amounts of traffic for Dubai.

## Old Al Garhoud Bridge

The old Al Garhoud Bridge was the second bridge constructed that crossed the Creek, after Al Maktoum Bridge. The bridge opened in 1976. In 2007, nearly 9,000 vehicles crossed the bridge every hour at peak flow. It has been the cause of huge traffic jams in Dubai. The main reason for this was the number of roads that fed into the bridge. On the Bur Dubai-bound lanes, seven lanes (from three different roads) converged into three lanes. For the Deira-bound lanes, five lanes converged into three lanes. Also, the bridge had to be closed to allow large boats to pass under it. The bridge had a total of 6 lanes: 3 lanes in each direction.

## New Al Garhoud Bridge

To solve the major traffic problems caused by the old bridge, a replacement was constructed between 2006 and 2008 by Belgian main contractor BESIX. The bridge, which cost 415 million dirhams, is meant to add more lanes of road that cross Dubai Creek. The new Al Garhoud Bridge has a total of 14 lanes, 7 in each direction. It is able to handle 16,000 vehicles per hour. Construction of the bridge began in February 2006 and by 26 September 2007, 76% of the construction was completed. The bridge is 520 m (1,706 ft) long and 16 m (52.5 ft) above the water. On 15 December 2007, four lanes on the Deira-bound side were opened to vehicle traffic. Then on 15 March 2008, as had been scheduled, remaining lanes on both sides were opened. The old bridge was demolished after the new bridge opened. Shortly after the bridge opened, the Roads and Transport Authority announced that Al Garhoud Bridge would be decorated with artwork that look like sand dunes during the day and waves at night with the aid of lighting.

## Photo gallery

Construction Photos on 31 January 2007
Construction Photos on 1 May 2007
Construction Photo on 31 May 2007
Construction Photo on 18 October 2007
# Ringgold Isles

The Ringgold Isles are an archipelago in Fiji, forming an outlier group to Vanua Levu. The Budd, Nukusemanu, and Heemskercq Reefs form part of the group. The group is mostly uninhabited, but Qelelevu has a small village. In 2008 Pacific rats were eradicated from seven islands of the group in an endeavour facilitated by BirdLife International's Fiji Programme.
A 218-hectare (540-acre) area covering the archipelago is the Ringgold Islands Important Bird Area. This area supports globally and regionally significant populations of marine turtles, humpback whales, seabirds and semi-nomadic reef fish, and may hold concentrations of cold-water corals.
16°30′10″S 179°41′20″W﻿ / ﻿16.50278°S 179.68889°W﻿ / -16.50278; -179.68889

## Cobia

Cobia is an island in Fiji, and is a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. It has a land area of 69.29 hectares (0.2675 sq mi; 171.2 acres).

## Maqewa

Maqewa Island is narrow and rocky. It is located at 16°30′S 179°40.99′E﻿ / ﻿16.500°S 179.68317°E﻿ / -16.500; 179.68317 and has a total land area of 26.05 hectares (64.4 acres).

## Nukubalati and Nukubasaga

Nukubalati and Nukubasaga is a single coral reef composed of two rock-bound islands, one larger than the other.

## Qelelevu

Qelelevu is a coral islet in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier to the northern island of Vanua Levu. Apart from three nearby coral islets, it is 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the nearest island. Qelelevu covers an area of 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 sq mi; 370 acres; 150 ha). Its maximum elevation is 18 metres (59 ft).
The small village of Nalutu (16°05′15″S 179°09′07″W﻿ / ﻿16.087453°S 179.151907°W﻿ / -16.087453; -179.151907﻿ (Nalutu)) is located on Qelelevu. Fishing is the only significant economic activity.

## Raranitiqa

Raranitiqa Island in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. It has a land area of 2.49 hectares (24,900 m$^2$; 6.2 acres).

## Taininbeka

Taininbeka is an atoll in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. This uninhabited islet is situated at 16.04°S and 179.09°E, and has a total land area of 144.34 hectares (0.5573 sq mi; 356.7 acres).
16°04′S 179°09′E﻿ / ﻿16.067°S 179.150°E﻿ / -16.067; 179.150

## Tauraria

Tauraria is an atoll in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. This uninhabited islet is situated at 16.04°S and 179.09°E. Its land area is 11.06 hectares (110,600 m$^2$; 27.3 acres).
16°04′S 179°09′E﻿ / ﻿16.067°S 179.150°E﻿ / -16.067; 179.150

## Vetauua

Vetauua is a small, uninhabited cay.

## Yanuca

Yanuca is a small mountainous island, inhabited by approximately 60–80 people who live in a small village in a tiny beach cove.
# Osveta Crnog Gonzalesa

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Barikada | link |
| Muzika.hr | link |
| Popboks | link |
| Terapija.net | link |
Osveta Crnog Gonzalesa is the fourth album by the Serbian punk rock band Atheist Rap, released by Multimedia Records in 2005.

## Personnel

* Leki (Zoran Lekić; bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar)
* Atzke (Aleksandar Milovanov; drums)
* Dulles (Dušan Ječmenica; guitar)
* Radule (Vladimir Radusinović; guitar, bass vocals)
* Dr. Pop (Aleksandar Popov; vocals)
* Max Power (recorded by, mixed by)
* Pedericco Rashiid (Vladimir Radusinović; mixed by)
# American Pie

American Pie may refer to:
* "American Pie" (song), a 1971 song by Don McLean
** American Pie (Don McLean album), the 1971 Don McLean album which included the namesake song
* American Pie (Groove Holmes album), a 1972 album by Groove Holmes featuring a cover of the above song
* "American Pie", a 2018 song by Shea Diamond
* American Pie (film series), a series of teen films
** American Pie (film), a 1999 film, first in the series
* American Pie, a 1996 sitcom pilot starring Andy Buckley
* Tim Rice's American Pie, a British radio programme about American music, hosted by Tim Rice
* Pie in American cuisine
** American Pie Council
# Begonia hirtella

Begonia hirtella, the bearded begonia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae. It is native to Jamaica, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and southern Brazil, and has been introduced to many tropical locales around the world. People apply its juices to their skin to treat itchiness from insect bites.
* Close-up of flowers
* Leaf of a potted specimen
* Seed capsule
* Ripe seed capsule
# Tony Richards

Tony Richards may refer to:
* Tony Richards (musician) (born 1957), American musician and drummer
* Tony Richards (author), English dark fantasy and horror author
* Tony Richards (footballer, born 1934) (1934–2010), English footballer for Walsall and Port Vale
* Tony Richards (footballer, born 1944), English footballerfor Mansfield Town
* Tony Richards (footballer, born 1973), English footballer for Barnet, Cambridge United, Leyton Orient and Southend United