OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maria Flores

Maria Flores (b. 1775) was an enslaved Ibizan woman who campaigned for her liberation from slavery during the Trienio Liberal.

## Biography

Maria was born in 1775, the daughter of the Muslim slave Roc Sentí Martí, and was baptised with only a mononymic first name. Her parents had been captured in Oran and sold into slavery in Ibiza.
In 1785, she was made the slave of the physician Joan Gota-redona Tur, who gave her the surname "Meca". In 1792, Gota-redona died and Maria was made the property of Bernat Guasc Prats. By 1801, she had changed her name to Maria Flores. While enslaved by Guasc, she had three children to an unknown father. Her two sons, Manuel (b. 1798) and Roc (b. 1807), died at a young age. Her daughter, Rita (b. 1805), was also enslaved by Guasc.
By the end of the 18th century, Maria was one of thirteen enslaved people (of which five were women) in Ibiza. At this time, slaves were seen as a status symbol by members of the Ibizan aristocracy. At the beginning of the Trienio Liberal in 1820, the enslaved Ibizan women began campaigning for their freedom, receiving attention from the Spanish press. That year, Maria herself filed a lawsuit against Guasc. On 28 March 1821, the Cortes Generales opened a debate on Maria's case; during the session, she requested that her and her daughter be given police protection. Some in the Cortes argued for the complete abolition of slavery, while others cautioned that it should be done within the bounds of the constitution. Maria argued that Guasc could already consider himself "reimbursed" for her purchase and requested that she herself be reimbursed a salary for 32 years of forced labour.
The liberal Cortes ultimately failed to resolve her case before the restoration of absolute monarchy in 1823. On 24 November 1824, Ferdinand VII of Spain decreed the release of Maria and her daughter from slavery. The word "slave" was struck from her birth certificate by the church. Maria Flores was one of the last people to be enslaved in Ibiza. Slavery in Spain was finally abolished in 1837.

## Legacy

The story of Maria Flores was rediscovered by the magazine Estampa in 1928. In the 21st century, the Ibiza City Council named a street after Maria Flores.
# Protestant University for Applied Sciences Freiburg

The Protestant University of Applied Sciences Freiburg (German name: Evangelische Hochschule Freiburg (EH)) is a university of social work, diakonia and religious education. It is a confessional, state-approved university located in Freiburg. The responsible body is the Protestant regional church of Baden (Evangelische Landeskirche in Baden). Baden is the name of the area in the South-West of Germany, belonging to the State of Baden-Württemberg. Note that in Germany the title protestant, although referring to the Protestant Churches sponsorship, does not influence the tuitional and scientific content taught in this institution. In this context, churchly managed universities do not differ from state-run universities.
The students of social work and religious education obtain a bachelor's degree. It is called Bachelor of Arts, diploma supplement Soziale Arbeit (includes social work and social pedagogy) or religious education.
An additional voluntary course of study leads to a special certificate in sport-related social work. In cooperation with the Südbadische Sportschule Steinbach the Hochschule offers training in sports-related youth and social work for disadvantaged children and adolescents.

## History

The Protestant University of Applied Sciences Freiburg was founded as a vocational school for women in religious and social work (Evangelische Frauenberufsschule für kirchliche und soziale Arbeit) in October 1918. The education started with 12 women between 20 and 42 years. In 1956 six men were able to begin their studies.
# Arch Street (Philadelphia)

Arch Street is a major east-west street in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

## Location

Arch Street runs from the Delaware River one way westbound through the Old City section of Philadelphia, where landmarks include the Arch Street Friends Meeting House, the Betsy Ross House, Girard Fountain Park, the U.S. Mint, and Christ Church Burial Ground. It crosses Independence Mall at 5th and 6th Streets, traverses Philadelphia's Chinatown neighborhood, and passes Reading Terminal Market.
The tourist areas around Logan Square and the museum district are just north of Arch Street, which ends just east of the Schuylkill River at 23rd Street. West of the river, there is a block of Arch Street between 30th Street Station and Cira Centre. Arch Street also runs eastbound one-way from 49th Street to 63rd Street.
As of 2023, the section of Arch Street from 6th to Broad Streets is part of Philadelphia's High Injury Network, the small fraction of streets on which the majority of traffic deaths and serious injuries occur.

## History

The street was called Mulberry Street in William Penn's original city grid, but it was renamed Arch in 1854. Other parts of the street were once called Holme and Tioga streets.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Arch from 6th to 11th Streets was known as Radio Row, after its extensive number of electronic goods stores.

## In popular culture

* In 2004 and 2005, on the MTV reality television show The Real World: Philadelphia, the cast resided at 249-251 Arch Street at Third and Arch streets.

## Gallery

* Arch Street in Chinatown
* Philadelphia Mint
* Independence National Historical Park at 6th and Arch Streets
# Zwierzyniec (disambiguation)

Zwierzyniec is a Polish word for an animal park. It may refer to the following places:
* Zwierzyniec, a town in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Zwierzyniec Brewery, a brewery in that town, belonging to the company Browary Lubelskie
* Zwierzyniec, Kraków, a district of Kraków
* Zwierzyniec, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Krasnystaw County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Kozienice County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Maków County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Wołomin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Lidzbark County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, Ostróda County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Zwierzyniec, the Polish name for the Žvėrynas district of Vilnius
# William III of Weimar

William III of Weimar (Wilhelmi Thuringorum praetor; died 16 April 1039) was count of Weimar from 1003 and of the Eichsfeld from 1022.
He was the youngest son of Count William II of Weimar.

## Family

* His first marriage was to Bertha.
* His second marriage was to Oda (probably the daughter of Thietmar, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark). They had children:
** William IV (died 1062), Margrave of Meissen from 1046
** Otto I (died 1067), count of Orlamünde
** Poppo (died after 1046)
** Aribo (murdered 1070)
After his death, Oda married Dedi I, Margrave of Lusatia.
* This article about a member of the German nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Topografov Island

Topografov Island (68°30′S 78°11′E﻿ / ﻿68.500°S 78.183°E﻿ / -68.500; 78.183) is an island just north of Partizan Island in the north part of the entrance to Langnes Fjord, Vestfold Hills in Antarctica. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). Subsequently, photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954–58) and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). The latter named it Ostrov Topografov (topographers' island).
# Nicholas Kalashnikoff

Nicholas Kalashnikoff (May 17, 1888 – August 17, 1961) was a Siberian-American author who wrote in the 1930s to 1950s. Before moving to the United States in 1924, Kalashnikoff participated in the 1905 Russian Revolution and was a political exile during the rest of the 1900s. With the military, Kalashnikoff served as a captain during World War I and a general in the Russian Civil War. After arriving in the United States, Kalashnikoff published his 1939 autobiography They That Take the Sword and received two fellowships from MacDowell by 1941.
Following his expansion into children's books in 1944, Kalashnikoff was an author until the early 1950s. He used his past to create Jumper: The Life of a Siberian Horse and My Friend Yakub. In fictional works, Kalashnikoff wrote about a mythical legend from the Yakut with Toyon: A Dog of the North and His People. His book about a fictional Lamut shepherd, The Defenders, received a Newbery Honor in 1952.

## Early life and education

On May 17, 1888, Kalashnikoff was born in Minusinsk, Siberia. During the 1900s, Kalashnikoff studied philosophy and history at Moscow University before joining the 1905 Russian Revolution.

## Career

After living in Siberia as a political exile from 1905 to 1909, Kalashnikoff was an Army captain for Russia during World War I and a Siberian general throughout the Russian Civil War. During the 1920s, Kalashnikoff lived in China due to war before moving to the United States in 1924. In 1939, Kalashnikoff became a writer with his autobiography They That Take the Sword. By 1941, Kalashnikoff had received two fellowships from MacDowell.
In 1944, Kalashnikoff wrote a children's book titled Jumper: The Life of a Siberian Horse. Kalashnikoff's book was about a warhorse that he had previously owned. With Toyon: A Dog of the North and His People, Kalashnikoff retold a mythical legend from the Yakuts in his 1950 book. In The Defender, Kalashnikoff wrote about a Lamut shepherd for his book in 1952. That year, The Defender was named a Newbery Honor. Kalashnikoff used his childhood as a basis for the 1953 book My Friend Yakub.

## Personal life

On August 17, 1961, Kalashnikoff died in New York from cardiovascular disease. He was married and had no children.
* * Кан Г. С. Грозя бедой преступной силе… Летучий боевой отряд Северной области (1906-1908). Т.I-II» (СПб., 2021) ISBN 978-5-87991-153-4
# Veitskopf

The Veitskopf is a hill, 428 m above sea level (NHN), in the Eifel mountains of Germany. It is located in the county of Ahrweiler in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It rises north of the lake of Laacher See in the area of the village of Wassenach.
The Veitskopf is the cinder cone of a volcano that erupted during the Quaternary period. Because there are no reference strata, its age cannot be accurately estimated. The Veitskopf produced three lava flows, of which the first and easily the largest spread out northwards from the crater rim in the west. Because the neighbouring valley, the Gleeser Tal, was formed after the eruption of the Veitskopf, this lava flow stands above the present valley and forms the so-called Mauerley. The two lava streams that run in a southerly direction are nowhere near as large and were first identified from magnetic surveys because they were covered by a layer of pumice. At the top of the Veitskopf is the Lydia Tower which enables an all-round view that includes the Laacher See, the Brohltal valley and even the Siebengebirge hills.

## Footnotes and references

* ↑ The name and height of the hill differs on the different maps produced by the Conservation Office of Rhineland-Palatinate. On the DTK 1:5,000 scale map it is called the Feithskopf and its height is given as {{Subst:Formatnum:428.1}} m hoch, on the DTK 1:25,000 scale map it is called the Veitskopf and its height is shown as {{Subst:Formatnum:427.8}} m.
# Michał Kwiecień

Michał Kwiecień (born March 1, 1957) is a Polish bridge player. Kwiecień won the 1998 World Open Pairs Championship with Jacek Pszczoła.
# Marie Louis Descorches

Marie Louis Henri Descorches (17 September 1749 – 1830) was a French diplomat.
Born into French nobility (marquis d`Escorches de Sainte Croix) he enlisted in the French Army, reaching the rank of a colonel in 1780. He renounced his title, adopted the name Descorches and became a vivid supporter of the French Revolution. He was French representative in Poland (1791–1792) and Ottoman Empire (1793–1795). He was prefect of Drôme from 1800 to 1815.
# Pterolophia pedongensis

Pterolophia pedongensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.
# Arch Ward

Archie Burdette Ward (December 27, 1896 – July 9, 1955) was an American journalist who served as sports editor for the Chicago Tribune. He was the creator of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the Golden Gloves amateur boxing tournament and the World Professional Basketball Tournament.

## Biography

Ward was born in 1896 in Irwin, Illinois, and attended Columbia Academy and Columbia College (now Loras College) in Dubuque, Iowa. He worked for the Telegraph Herald in Dubuque in 1919. Ward completed college at the University of Notre Dame, where he worked as publicity director under Knute Rockne in 1919 and 1920, before graduating in 1921. Ward then worked for the Star in Rockford, Illinois, during 1921–1925. He joined the Chicago Tribune in 1925, and became sports editor in 1930.
Ward is credited with conceiving of an All-Star Game in major-league-baseball, first contested in 1933. He also created the Golden Gloves, an amateur boxing tournament, and the College All-Star Football Classic, an annual game between professional and college players. The most valuable player at baseball's All-Star Game, first selected in 1962, was given the "Arch Ward Memorial Award" until the award was renamed in 1970 (since 2002, it has been formally named in honor of Ted Williams).
In 1941, Ward was offered the role of Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL), but turned it down. He later started the rival All-America Football Conference (AAFC). He was quoted as being an "idealist", one that felt the NFL was a "cheap-john minor league outfit" which needed a major pro league like the AAFC to force the NFL to pay their players better. Ward helped set up the first meeting of the organization that would become the AAFC on June 4, 1944, with word getting out about the league in late August of that year before a formal announcement on September 2, 1944. The league lasted four seasons, with the sudden heart attack suffered by Benjamin F. Lindheimer in late 1949 (who owned three of the eight AAFC teams) being a key point of the demise of the league, with various members involved with the league saying that Ward turned the NFL into a major league in spite of itself.
Ward published several collections of light content ("notes, verses and comments") from the Chicago Tribune entitled In The Wake Of The News Book and edited an anthology called The Greatest Sports Stories From Chicago Tribune. He also was the author of three sports-related books:
* Frank Leahy and the Fighting Irish (1944)
* The Green Bay Packers (1946)
* The New Chicago White Sox (1951)
Ward was involved in conservative political causes and as well as the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Described as affable and mild mannered, he was considered a dynamo with powerful contacts in American politics, church matters, and journalism.

## Personal life and death

Ward died in his sleep in 1955 at the age of 58, at his home on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago; his death was attributed to a heart attack. He was survived by his wife, Helen, and a son; a daughter had predeceased him in 1940. His funeral took place the same day as the 1955 MLB All-Star Game.
# Çaltılıçukur, Akseki

Çaltılıçukur is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Akseki, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 127 (2022).
# Windsor Transmission

Windsor Transmission was a General Motors of Canada parts plant in Windsor, Ontario and one of several facilities in southern Ontario and Canada. It was the only plant located in southwestern Ontario and was located closer to GM headquarters in Detroit than GM Canada headquarters in Oshawa.
It made front-wheel-drive, automatic transmissions and transmission components used by other GM facilities.
Built in 1963, the facility closed on July 28, 2010 and will not be re-tooled. This resulted in the layoff of 1,400 workers at the plant. Products produced at this plant have been discontinued, with production of new six-speed transmissions moving to the St. Catharines Engine Plant in St. Catharines, Ontario.

## Products

* 4T40/4T45 automatic transaxles for Chevrolet Malibu and Cobalt, Pontiac G5 and G6, and Saturn Vue and Aura
# Toral (surname)

Toral is a Spanish surname that may refer to:
* Francisco de Toral (1502–1571), Franciscan missionary in New Spain
* Hernan Crespo Toral (1937–2008), Ecuadorean architect, archeologist and museologist
* Janette Toral, Internet marketing specialist from the Philippines
* Jon Toral (born 1995), Spanish association football player
* Jorge Toral Azuela
* José de León Toral (1900–1929), Mexican assassin
* José Manuel Martínez Toral (born 1960), Spanish association football player
* Luis Roberto García Toral (born 1973), Spanish association football player
* Marcelino García Toral (born 1965), Spanish association football player
* Mario Toral (born 1934), Chilean painter and photographer
* Remigio Crespo Toral (1860–1939), Ecuadorean writer
# Arnett-Fullen House

Arnett-Fullen House also known as the Gingerbread House, is located on 646 Pearl Street in Boulder, Colorado and is on the list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Boulder County, Colorado since 2009. This house features a mixture of architectural styles and is a two-story, private residency, which is sometimes open to the public.

## History

The house building starting in 1877 and was completed by 1882. Built by Willamette Arnett (1848–1901), heir to Anthony Arnett, one of the founders of the Boulder Land and Trust Company. Arnett-Fullen House featured one of Boulder's earliest indoor bathrooms, central heating, and cold running water systems. The St. Louis, Missouri-based architect, George E. King (1852–1912) designed the house. This house design features a mixture of architectural styles including Gothic Revival, Victorian, Carpenter Gothic, Second Empire, and Italianate styles and featuring farmhouse aesthetics and the use of cast iron throughout.
During the Klondike Gold Rush, Willamette Arnett died in Dawson City. After Arnett's death, the house was then sold. The house was acquired by Hiram Fullen and the Fullen family around 1914, after there were many stories of spirits in the house and hauntings.
Arnett-Fullen House was referenced as a model of a "gingerbread house" in the Marlys Millhiser horror novel, The Mirror (1978).
# Veikko Saarto

Veikko Olavi Saarto (born 9 October 1934) is a Finnish construction worker and politician, born in Helsinki. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1986, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). He served as Transport Minister from 15 July 1970 to 26 March 1971 and from 15 May 1977 to 19 February 1982 and as Deputy Minister of Agriculture from 15 May 1977 to 19 February 1982. He was a presidential elector in the 1968, 1978 and 1982 presidential elections.
# Abigail (slave)

Abigail (died December 1783), called Abby, was an African American woman enslaved by the American statesman John Jay. She died after attempting to escape in 1783 in Paris, where Jay helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris to secure America's independence.
The Jay household enslaved Abigail since at least 1776; she was one of at least 17 people Jay enslaved. In 1779, she was the only enslaved person Jay and his family took on their trip to Paris. When Jay left for London in 1783, his family and Abigail remained in Paris. His wife Sarah regularly wrote to him about the household's affairs, and it is from this correspondence that almost all that is known about Abigail is drawn.
While Sarah's letters initially praised "Abbe"'s "attention & proofs of fidelity" and her "usefulness", she was isolated in Paris, with few friends or opportunities to make any, and separated from her loved ones in America. In the summer of 1783, she suffered from toothache and rheumatism. By then, it appears that she felt unsettled; Sarah suggested that an "English washerwoman" might have enticed Abigail with the promise of wages in exchange for her work.
In October 1783, Abigail left Jay's home, intending not to return. At Sarah Jay's request, the Paris police searched for Abigail and found her in the English washerwoman's company. By lettre de cachet, she was detained in La Petite Force, the women's wing of the city jail, the Hôtel de la Force. But she refused to return to the Jays unless she was promised passage back to America.
Jay reacted with pique to Abigail's escape attempt, writing that he could not "conceive a motive" for it, given that, he wrote, he "had promised to manumit her upon our return to America, provided she behaved properly in the meantime." He wished for her to be "punished, though not vigorously". On the advice of Benjamin Franklin, he suggested that she be left in prison for 15 to 20 days to change her mind: "Little minds cannot bear attentions & to Persons of that Class they should rather be granted than offered." To his biographer Walter Stahr, this reaction indicates that "however much [Jay] disliked slavery in the abstract, he could not understand why one of his slaves would run away."
While imprisoned, Abigail fell ill and asked to be allowed back to the Jays. William Franklin arranged her release by paying 60 livres to the jail, probably to cover her meals. Still sick, she was cared for by Sarah Jay, but died about two weeks after her release from prison. No grave, records, or signs of her life remain.
# Marie Louis Victor Galippe

Marie Louis Victor Galippe (29 May 1848 – February 1922, Auteuil) was a French microbiologist and an eminent physician. He conducted experiments on microbiology in human life and also published notes on a variety of subjects including dental hygiene.
Born to a pharmacist in Grandvilliers, he studied at the Ecole Supérieure de Pharmacie and became a pharmacist before going on to study medicine. He demonstrated by experimenting on himself that copper sulphate was not as toxic as thought. He later made studies on bacteriology and specialized in dental health.
Among his other studies, Galippe examined bacteria present in various parts of cultivated food plants and found them to be nearly always present. He tried growing vegetables with sewage and then cut the plant parts above ground and tested them for bacteria by culturing them. Galippe discovered that the bacteria in the sewage entered the plant tissues in a number of species and found that garlic tissues were free of bacteria. Galippe also examined micro-organisms preserved within fossil bearing amber.
Galippe recovered bacteria from gallstones and hypothesized that they were produced by bacteria. His theory of bacterial gallstone production however has gained little support although viable bacteria have been found within stones even in later studies.
# Pterolophia persimiloides

Pterolophia persimiloides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1968.
# Arbanitis papillosus

Arbanitis papillosus is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1918 by Australian arachnologists William Joseph Rainbow and Robert Henry Pulleine.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in south-east Queensland in closed forest habitats. The type locality is Tamborine Mountain, in the Scenic Rim Region.

## Behaviour

The spiders are fossorial, terrestrial predators.