OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prachovice

Prachovice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

## Economy

Prachovice is known for limestone quarrying and cement production. The quarry with an area of 111.2 hectares (275 acres) is one of the largest in the country. About 1,700,000 tonnes per year is quarried.

## Notable people

* Jiří Kajínek (born 1961), murderer and celebrity
# Prachitgad

Prachitgad is a fort in the Sahyadri mountain range in Sangli district of Maharashtra state, India. It covers an area of 5 acres (20,000 m$^2$).

## Location

It is located at 17°13′34″N 73°41′30″E﻿ / ﻿17.22611°N 73.69167°E﻿ / 17.22611; 73.69167 on the western edge of Chandoli National Park in Sangli district but easiest way to reach is from Ratnagiri district at Shringarpur.It is located on the boundaries of 4 districts Sangli, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri and Satara. It is very remote place to reach from Sangli side due to dense forest and mountain terrain. The closest city is Sangameshwar which is approximately 22 km away. The place is accessible only by foot from Shringarpur near sangmeshwar which is a 5 to 8 hour climb and trek through treacherous terrain or from chandoli dam which is a 14- to 15-hour walk through the forest.

## History

Prachitgad was built by Rana Jakhuray Surve in 1404. It's masonry suggests that it was rebuilt by Rana Suryarao Surve during the Muslim rule (16th century). The Maratha king Shivaji captured the fort in 1660s, and repaired it.
RaoRana Shurveer Suryarao (Suryaji) Surve, Maratha noble, who was respected and valued by Chatrapati Shivaji despite being his adversary. His divan Shirke betrayed him which led Shivaji to win this fort in 1660. The battle was led by Tanaji Malusare with 1000 soldiers. RaoRana Suryajirao Surve had only 150 soldiers as Shirke - divan had purposely intoxicated all soldiers. After surrendering this fort RaoRana Shurveer Suryajirao moved his capital to Sonawade near Shringarpur, due to cowardly winning the battle Shirkes were not allowed to interfere Prachitgad activities. Sambhaji use to come there to meet RaoRana Shurveer Neelkanthrao surve who shifted his capital from Sonawade to Tulasani near Devrukh . Today Jadhavs and Mhaskes are staying there.
After Chatrapati Sambhaji, it does not appear in historical records as the site of any notable event until 1817, when it was captured by Chitursingh, the younger brother of the Raja of Satara. On 10 June 1818, the fort was captured by a British East India Company force led by Colonel Cunningham. By 1862, the fort was in ruins, and had been deserted.

## Places to visit

* Being in the Chandoli National park Prachitgad is studded with beautiful spots. Two main spots being Sada and Kandhar Doh. Sada is the formation made up of frozen lava. Kanddhar Doh is the water fall on the Warana River.
* There is old Bhairav Bhawani temple at Prachitgad
* Ancient Sun temple called as Kunkeshwar near Sangameshwar

## Nearest towns

* Sangli
* Ratnagiri
* Kolhapur
* Islampur
* Shirala

## Nearest railway stations

* Sangli railway station
* Sangameshwar
* Ratnagiri
* Kolhapur
# 100-kai no Kiss

"100Kai no Kiss" (100回のKISS, Hyakkai no Kiss, "100th Kiss") is the fourth single of the J-pop singer Aya Matsuura, who was a Hello! Project solo artist at the time. It was released on November 28, 2001 under the Zetima label. The song reached a peak of #2 on the weekly Oricon charts, and charted for 7 weeks.

## Track listing

* "100Kai no Kiss" (100回のKiss, "100th Kiss") – 4:37
** Lyrics and composition: Tsunku / arrangement: Takao Konishi
* "Merry X'mas for You" – 3:58
** Lyrics and composition: Tsunku / arrangement: Yuichi Takahashi
* "100Kai no Kiss" (Instrumental) – 4:35
# 1031 (disambiguation)

1031 may refer to:
* The year AD 1031
* 1031 exchange, a transaction under United States law
* 1031, A Number Of Things From..., an album by the Detroit band Halloween
# 14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment), CEF

The 14th Battalion (Royal Montreal Regiment), CEF was a battalion of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force.

## History

The 14th Battalion was authorized on 1 September 1914 and embarked for Great Britain on 27 and 29 September 1914. It disembarked in France on 15 February 1915, where it fought as part of the 3rd Canadian Brigade, 1st Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion disbanded on 15 September 1920.
The battalion fought at the centre of the 3rd Brigade during the attack on Vimy Ridge and faced strong opposition. Several German strongpoints had survived the creeping barrage and their machine-guns caught the 14th in the open. By the end of the day the battalion's casualties were 92 killed and 173 wounded.

## Perpetuations

The battalion is perpetuated by The Royal Montreal Regiment.

## Battle honours

* Ypres 1915, 17
* Gravenstafel
* St. Julien
* Festubert, 1915
* Mount Sorrel
* Somme, 1916
* Pozieres
* Thiepval
* Ancre Heights
* Arras 1917, '18
* Vimy, 1917
* Arleux
* Scarpe, 1917, '18
* Hill 70
* Passchendaele
* Amiens
* Drocourt-Quéant
* Hindenburg Line
* Canal du Nord
* Pursuit to Mons
* France and Flanders, 1915-18
# Postplatyptilia biobioica

Postplatyptilia biobioica is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Chile.
The wingspan is about 19 mm. Adults are on wing in January.
# Pretzier

Pretzier is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Salzwedel.
* This Altmarkkreis Salzwedel location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 14 Days

14 Days may refer to:
* 14 Days (EP)
* 14 Days (film)
* Fourteen Days, 2024 collaborative novel

## Also

* Fourteen Days in May, 1987 British documentary film
* 14 Days to Life, 1997 German thriller film
# 12 (song)

"12" is a 2022 single by Russian rap artist Morgenshtern. The song was released on 14 March 2022 on social media platform Telegram after several unsuccessful attempts to release "12" on streaming platforms.

## Background

"12" is dedicated to Morgenshtern's younger brother. In addition, the song is named in honor of Morgenshtern's younger brother's birthday, who had turned 12 on 14 March 2022. The song also speaks about the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, calling for peace and friendship between Russia and Ukraine, while also condemning the actions of Russia from the invasion.

## Composition

The song starts off with words from Dmitry Gordon, a Ukrainian journalist, saying "get the fuck out of here, fucking motherfuckers!" The song talks numerous situations, including the economic collapse of the ruble, the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and Morgenshtern's own problems with the law. During the chorus, Morgenshtern condemns Russian generals bringing Russian soldiers to the frontlines of the war, saying "Big bosses will send [you] to the slaughterhouse, [and] bosses never give a fuck'. At the end of the song, a voice recording with a woman, who is later revealed as Ukrainian producer Vladislav Palagin's mother, speaks that she is safe in a bomb shelter after a bombing raid. In the music video, the video ends with the caption "He is Ukrainian, I am Russian. We make music together. We want peace. We want friendship."
# Princess Fragrance (film)

Princess Fragrance, released as Gebi Enchou Lu (戈壁恩仇录) in mainland China, is a 1987 Hong Kong film based on Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. The film is a sequel to The Romance of Book and Sword, released earlier in the same month and also directed by Ann Hui.
The film is largely seen as a faithful adaptation of the original novel; however, it is less available now due to limited releases on VCD and DVD.

## Plot

The film covers the second half of the Louis Cha's novel The Book and the Sword. It introduces another protagonist, Princess Fragrance, who does not appear in the first film The Romance of Book and Sword. Fuk'anggan does not appear in the film.

## Cast

* Zhang Duofu as adult Chen Jialuo
** Jiang Wei as young Chen Jialuo
* Aiyinuo as Princess Fragrance
* Chang Dashi as Qianlong Emperor
* Liu Jia as Huoqingtong
* Ding Cuihua as Luo Bing
* Lü Yongquan as Taoist Wuchen
* Yu Dalu as Zhao Banshan
* Guo Bichuan as Wen Tailai
* Wang Jingqiu as Zhang Jin
* Hou Changrong as Yu Yutong
* Chen Youwang as Xu Tianhong
* Ren Naichang as Shi Shuangying
* Zhang Jun as Chang Bozhi
* Wang Wei as Chang Hezhi
* Zheng Jianhua as Jiang Sigen
* Fu Yongcai as Wei Chunhua
* Sun Chenxi as Xinyan
* Wang Hongtao as Yu Wanting
* Wu Chunsheng as Zhang Zhaozhong
* Yang Junsheng as Heshen
* Ding Tao as Zhaohui
* Si Gengtian as Messenger
* A'Si'er as Dahu
* Kuli Sitan as Erhu
* Fan Yin as Sanhu
* Jiapa'er as Sihu
* Hadi'er as Muzhuolun
* Aniwa'er as Huo'ayi
# Princess Fragrant

Princess Fragrant (Chinese: 天香公主; pinyin: Tiānxiāng Gōngzhǔ) is a Chinese 3-D cartoon series directed by Deng Jianglei and produced by the Shenzhen Qianheng Cultural Communication Company (深圳乾亨文化传播有限公司; Shēnzhèn Qiánhēng Wénhuà Chuánbō Yǒuxiàngōngsī). Its basis is the Fragrant Concubine, a Chinese legend about a Uighur girl from Kashgar who became a concubine of the Qianlong Emperor. The cartoon was produced to improve relations between the Han Chinese and the Uighurs. The series, which will be available in the Mandarin and Uighur languages, is scheduled to have 104 episodes. It will begin airing in 2015.
The main characters are Ipal Khan (伊帕尔罕; Yīpàěrhǎn) and Tuerdo.
The producing company had spent $3 million U.S. dollars to create the series.
# Presbyterian Church in Korea (HoHun III)

The Presbyterian Church in Korea (HoHun III) is a Reformed Presbyterian denomination in South Korea. It adheres to the Apostles Creed and Westminster Confession. In 2004 it had 51,481 members in 310 congregations and 309 ordained clergy.
# William L. Reed

William L. Reed may refer to:
* William Reed (composer) (William Leonard Reed, 1910–2002), English classical composer and pianist
* William L. Reed (politician) (1866–?), served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives
# Van Heeckeren

Van Heeckeren is an old Dutch noble family from the Dutch provinces Overijssel and Gelderland.

## History

The earliest bearer of the name may have taken it from the town of Ekeren, which was also referred to in 1167 as Hecerna.
The oldest known ancestor is Jakob van Heker, who died in 1440. The family is split into many branches (van Brandsenburg, van Kell, van Molecaten). The Heeckerens have the same coat of arms as the Rechteren family. Members carry the title of baron.

## Famous members

* Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès (through adoption), politician who killed Alexander Pushkin in a duel.
* Jacob van Heeckeren tot Enghuizen, diplomat.
* Jacob Derk Carel van Heeckeren, politician.

## Gallery

* The Nettelhorst estate, painted by J. de Beyer in 1743.
* Molecaten estate owned by the Heeckeren family
# Time Again (disambiguation)

Time Again is a punk rock band.
Time Again may also refer to:
* Time Again (Claire Voyant album), 2000
* Time Again (David Sanborn album), 2003
* Time Again... Amy Grant Live, an album by Amy Grant
# Maestros (album)

Maestros is Orquesta El Arranque's fifth album. It received a nomination for the Premios Gardel in 2005.

## Personnel

* Camilo Ferrero (First Bandoneon)
* Ramiro Boero (Second Bandoneon)
* Ramiro Gallo (First Violin)
* Pedro Pablo Pedroso (Second Violin)
* Martín Vázquez (Electric Guitar)
* Ignacio Varchausky (Double Bass)
* Ariel Rodríguez (Piano)
* Ariel Ardit (voice)
* Raúl Garello (invited maestro)
* Mauricio Marcelli (invited maestro)
* Néstor Marconi (invited maestro)
* Julio Pane (invited maestro)
# Virgin Islands Track & Field Federation

The Virgin Islands Track & Field Federation (VITFF) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in the United States Virgin Islands. Current president is Ronald Russell.

## History

VITFF was founded in 1963 and was affiliated to the IAAF in 1966.

## Affiliations

VITFF is the national member federation for the United States Virgin Islands in the following international organisations:
* International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)
* North American, Central American and Caribbean Athletic Association (NACAC)
* Association of Panamerican Athletics (APA)
* Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC)
* Leeward Islands Athletics Association (LIAA)
Moreover, it is part of the following national organisations:
* Virgin Islands Olympic Committee (VIOC)

## National records

VITFF maintains the United States Virgin Islands records in track and field.
# Ras Laksar

Ras Laksar is a commune in Guercif Province of the Oriental administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10,708 people living in 1491 households. The 2014 Moroccan census recorded a population of 10,515 living in 1771 households.
# Randolph Township, St. Francois County, Missouri

Randolph Township is an inactive township in St. Francois County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Randolph Township was erected in 1858, taking its name from John Randolph of Roanoke.
# Rapatee, Illinois

Rapatee is an unincorporated community in Maquon Township, Knox County, Illinois, United States. Rapatee is located on Illinois Route 97, 5.7 miles (9.2 km) east of London Mills.
# Rauvolfia afra

Rauvolfia afra is a tree in the family Apocynaceae. It is commonly known as the quinine tree. These trees are distributed from the Eastern Cape of South Africa to tropical Africa and are found in low-lying forests near rivers and streams, or on floodplains.

## Taxonomy

The original etymology of the species name caffra is related to kaffir, an ethnic slur used towards black people in Africa. At the July 2024 International Botanical Congress, a vote was held with the result that "caffra" related names will be amended to afra related ones, with this being implemented at the end of July 2024.

## Gallery

* Fruit and leaves
* Fruit panicles
* Foliage
# Rauvolfia mannii

Rauvolfia mannii grows as a shrub or small tree up to 8 metres (26 ft) tall. Its fragrant flowers feature white to pink or red-brown, or yellow corolla lobes. Its habitat is forests from sea level to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) altitude. The plant has been used as arrow poison. Rauvolfia mannii is native to central Africa.
# Rauvolfia nukuhivensis

Rauvolfia nukuhivensis is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is endemic to Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia.
In 1988, the species was classified as extinct by the IUCN. However, extant populations have since been documented in several localities on Nuku Hiva, and it is now considered Critically Endangered instead.
# Rangachakua

Rangachakua is a village and a central area for some villages situated in Sonitpur district, in the Indian state of Assam. It provide various economic, financial and organizational service to the surrounding Region having the only bank in the area, only Higher Secondary.

## Etymology

According to folklore, this area was formerly thickly vegetated. Bordikarai (Dikkarika) river was planned to flow from the edge of a curve. The river was in the middle of the trees, which were stunted and reddish in colour. As a result, in the computation, the phrase ′′ Ranga+Suk ′′ (Red-corner) is referred to as ′′ Rangachakua ′′. Another possible reason for this naming can be a local breed of rice called Rangachakua.

## Climate

Rangachakua has a mild to warm climate in the summer and a colder environment in the winter. During this time, the temperature would range between 18 and 23 degrees Celsius. Rangachakua climate makes it ideal for a variety of agricultural activities.

## Organization

Rangachakua's forwardness can be estimated by its "Rangachakua Pathar Porichalona Samiti" which was an innovative agricultural organization formed a decade ago by the local villagers. It was one of only four of its kind in the whole Sonitpur District. At the present the small tea farmers are actively participating in the economic development and progress, organizing small tea growers learning session and workshops. Other organizations and institutions are:

### Rangachakua SBI branch

The branch was established in 1989 when people from all over the Jamugurihat came to rangachakua for banking service. IFSC Code of Rangachakua SBI branch is SBIN0009142 and MICR No. is 784002514

### Rangachakua Post Office

Serves the all 27 villages surrounding Rangachakua village. PIN of Rangachakua Post Office is previously 784185 but it changed to 784182

### Rangachakua Higher Secondary School

Established in 1959, already celebrated golden jubilee. All the elites from the area studied there either till 10th or HS. It currently host only Arts and humanities stream. Once it was private and established by 5 of the local leaders that include Sonaram Das and Prabhuram Karki.
# Rating curve

In hydrology, a rating curve is a graph of discharge versus stage for a given point on a stream, usually at gauging stations, where the stream discharge is measured across the stream channel with a flow meter. Numerous measurements of stream discharge are made over a range of stream stages. The rating curve is usually plotted as discharge on x-axis versus stage (surface elevation) on y-axis.
The development of a rating curve involves two steps. In the first step the relationship between stage and discharge is established by measuring the stage and corresponding discharge in the river. And in the second part, stage of river is measured and discharge is calculated by using the relationship established in the first part. Stage is measured by reading a gauge installed in the river. If the stage-discharge relationship does not change with time, it is called permanent control. If the relationship does change, it is called shifting control. Shifting control is usually due to erosion or deposition of sediment at the stage measurement site. Bedrock-bottomed parts of rivers or concrete/metal weirs or structures are often, though not always, permanent controls.
If G represents stage for discharge Q, then the relationship between G and Q can possibly be approximated with an equation:
where $C_{r}$ and $\beta$ are rating curve constants, and $a$ is a constant which represents the gauge reading corresponding to zero discharge. The constant $a$ can be measured when a stream is flowing under "section control" as the surveyed gauge height of the lowest point of the section control feature. When a stream is flowing under "channel control" conditions, the parameter $a$ does not have a physical analogue and must be estimated by following standard methods given in literature. The parameter $\beta$ is typically in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 when a stream is flowing under section control, and in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 when a stream is flowing under channel control.
A stream will typically transition from section control at lower gauge heights to channel control at higher gauge heights. The transition from section control to channel control can often be inferred by a change in the slope of a rating curve when plotted on log-log graph paper.
# Raphitoma andrehoaraui

Raphitoma andrehoaraui is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 9.3 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species was found off France in the Mediterranean Sea.
# Raptor Resource Project

The Raptor Resource Project is a non-profit organization whose members work to preserve the health and population levels of falcons, eagles, ospreys, hawks and owls. The project, established in 1988, protects more than 40 nests and nesting areas in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Colorado.

## Artificial nests

One of the project's main activities is safe nesting sites where raptors can raise their young. Power plant stacks have proven to be good locations for these nests. More than 1,000 baby peregrine falcons have been hatched from power plant nests.

## Education

The Raptor Resource Project provides education about nest site management and nest creation to future preservationists, in keeping of with their goal of increasing participation in the protection of raptors.

## Research
### Bird cams

The RPP also develops and employs non-intrusive methods of viewing the birds and their nest sites, so that scientists and the general public can learn more about the lives of raptors. RPP members have set up cameras which webcast from many raptor nests. They set up their first camera to view a bald eagle nest in Decorah, Iowa. Subsequent webcasts include the Missouri Turkey Vulture Cam, River View Tower Falcon Cam, Eagle Crest Bird Cam, Xcel Fort St. Brain Eagle Cam, Xcel Valmont Owl Cam, Xcel Osprey Cam, Xcel Kestrel Cam, Xcel King Falcons, Xcel Blackdog Falcons, Xcel Sherco Falcons, Elk River Falcons, and the Red Wing Grain Falcons.

### Banding

The organization also participates in the banding of raptors so that their travel paths can be studied.
# Ravne, Vareš

Ravne is a village in the municipality of Vareš, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 204, all Bosniaks.
# Rebatching

Rebatching, or hand milling, is a soapmaking technique used by hobbyists and artisan soapmakers. The commercial equivalent is French milling.
In rebatching, commercially purchased or previously made soap (a soap base) is shredded or diced finely and mixed with a liquid, into which the soap shreds begin to dissolve. It is then heated at a fairly low temperature until the mass is more or less homogeneous. When it becomes translucent and reaches a thick, gel-like consistency, it is spooned or piped into molds and allowed to harden.
Soapmakers frequently use rebatching as a way of adding substances that could not withstand the high temperatures or caustic chemical environment of cold process or hot process soapmaking, such as certain essential oils (for example, those with a very low flash point). The choice of liquid affects the character of the finished soap; milk is frequently used to give the soap a smooth, creamy consistency. Rebatching can also be used as a way of salvaging soap that cracked, curdled or separated while being made.
As with the melt and pour process, rebatching does not necessarily involve saponification, and as such it is a misnomer to refer to it as soap-"making".
# Ray Watson-Smith

Raymond Watson-Smith (born 20 February 1940) is a former South African cricketer. Playing for Border in 1969–70, he scored a not-out century in each of his first two first-class matches, and reached 310 runs before being dismissed.

## Cricket career

Ray Watson-Smith made his first-class debut for Border against Orange Free State in November 1969 in the B Section of the Currie Cup. In a drawn match in Bloemfontein, in which 1258 runs were scored in three days for the loss of only 17 wickets, Watson-Smith, batting at number seven, scored 183 not out, the highest of five centuries in the match. In the next match, against Griqualand West in East London two weeks later, he batted at number six and made 125 not out in 145 minutes. Border won by an innings. He was finally dismissed for the first time in the next match against Natal B, when he made 2 and 19, and Border lost by an innings. In the fourth and last match of the Currie Cup season he made 25 and 53 not out in a draw with North Eastern Transvaal.
He finished the Currie Cup season at the top of the competition's batting averages, with 407 runs at an average of 135.66. He then played for Border against the Australians, scoring 28 and 9. At the end of the season he played one match in South Africa's first List A cricket tournament, top-scoring with 47 in a losing Border team.
His captain at Border, Gordon Minkley, said Watson-Smith was a talented player but "He hit a lot of balls in the air and I think the word quickly got around among the other teams." Watson-Smith moved away from Border after the 1969–70 season and played no further first-class cricket.
Watson-Smith's 310 career runs before being dismissed remained a world record until 2015, when the Victorian batsman Travis Dean made 347 runs before being dismissed. Dean was dismissed in his second first-class match.