OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicolò Maria Vaccaro

Nicolò Maria Vaccaro (1659–1720) was an Italian Baroque painter who specialised in portraits and worked in Madrid as the court painter of King Philip V of Spain.
Born in Genoa, he worked in Parma at the court of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma. As a protégé of Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, he followed the Cardinal to Spain around 1711–1712. Here, he became «Pictor Regius» (Court painter) and made a painting of the King in 1715, which Alberoni sent to his college in Piacenza.
He did not just paint portraits. The Prado museum possesses his Alegoría de la Tierra, painted for the Palacio del Buen Retiro.
Vaccarro died in Madrid.

## Sources

* Nicolò Maria Vaccaro, Tracce per i ritratti genovesi, by Daniele Sanguineti
* Museo del Prado
# Nicolò Miglani

Nicolò Miglani was a Venetian diplomat and colonial official in the 1260s and 1270s.
In 1268–69 he was castellan of Coron in the Morea, together with Nicolò Navigajoso, who was likely the senior of the two. He went on to serve as Bailo of Negroponte in 1271–72, and then was sent as Venetian envoy to Serbia (Rascia) in 1275 along with Navigajoso, after the Serbian king Stefan Uroš I had attacked Ragusa.
# Nicolò Minato

Count Nicolò Minato (b. Bergamo, ca. 1627; d. Vienna, 28 February 1698) was an Italian poet, librettist and impresario. His career can be divided into two parts: the years he spent at Venice, from 1650 to 1669, and the years at Vienna, from 1669 until his death.
Minato is best remembered for his vast output as a librettist for opera. In total, he wrote over 200 librettos. His career began with Orimonte, written in 1650 for Francesco Cavalli. At this time he worked primarily as a lawyer, and it was only over a decade later that he abandoned this, his first profession, and turned fully to the composition of librettos and theatre management (as did his contemporary, Giovanni Faustini. Minato was also a member of several literary academies, including, along with Busenello, the Accademia degli Imperfetti, a group that devoted itself to studying the classics and contemporary jurisprudence. He wrote 11 librettos for Venice, most of them for Cavalli, though a few were first set by Antonio Sartorio. In 1665 he became a prominent figure in the running of the Teatro San Salvador. While there he collaborated with composer Giovanni Legrenzi in revising his opera Zenobia e Radamisto in 1667. In 1669 he left Venice to take up a post in Vienna as court poet to the Emperor Leopold I.
At Vienna he wrote over 170 librettos, averaging around 5 a year, in genres as diverse as opera seria and festa teatrale. In addition to his duties as a writer of secular works, Minato was also a prolific producer of sacred texts, often described as oratorios. He largely provided these texts for performances given to mark special occasions - birthdays in the royal family, for example, or possibly Lenten celebrations or court weddings. Minato was a popular librettist and after his death his works were frequently revived by composers such as Johann Adolf Hasse, Handel, Giovanni Bononcini, and Telemann.
# Unsolved murder

Unsolved murder is covered by several articles:
* Clearance rate
* Cold case
* List of unsolved deaths
# Unsolved crime

Unsolved crime is covered by several articles:
* Clearance rate
* Cold case
* List of unsolved deaths
# Urea nitrate

Urea nitrate is a fertilizer-based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and various terrorist acts elsewhere in the world such as in the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. It has a destructive power similar to better-known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between 3,400 m/s (11,155 ft/s) and 4,700 m/s (15,420 ft/s). It has chemical formula of CH$_5$N$_3$O$_4$ or (NH$_2$)$_2$COHNO$_3$.
Urea nitrate is produced in one step by reaction of urea with nitric acid. This is an exothermic reaction, so steps must be taken to control the temperature.
It was discovered in 1797 by William Cruickshank, inventor of the Chloralkali process.
Urea nitrate explosions may be initiated using a blasting cap.

## Chemistry

Urea contains a carbonyl group. The more electronegative oxygen atom pulls electrons away from the carbon atom, forming a polar bond with greater electron density around the oxygen atom, giving it a partial negative charge. In a simplistic sense, nitric acid dissociates in aqueous solution into protons (hydrogen cations) and nitrate anions. The electrophilic proton contributed by the acid is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen atom on the urea molecule and the two form a covalent bond. The formed O-H bond is stabilized into a hydroxyl group when the oxygen abstracts an electron pair away from the central carbon atom, which leads to bond resonance between it and the two amino groups. As such, the urea cation can be thought of as a amidinium species. Paired with the spectator nitrate counteranion, it forms urea nitrate.
    (NH$_2$)$_2$CO (aq) + HNO$_3$ (aq) → [(NH$_2$)$_2$COH]$^+$[NO$_3$]$^−$ (s)
The compound is favored by many amateur explosive enthusiasts as a principal explosive for use in larger charges. In this role it acts as a substitute for ammonium nitrate based explosives. This is due to the ease of acquiring the materials necessary to synthesize it, and its greater sensitivity to initiation compared to ammonium nitrate based explosives.
# Nimbari language

The Nimbari language (also Niam-Niam), which is no longer spoken, was a member of the Leko–Nimbari group of Savanna languages. It was spoken in northern Cameroon. Ethnologue (22nd ed.) lists Badjire, Gorimbari, and Padjara-Djabi villages as Nimbari locations in Bénoué and Mayo-Louti divisions.
Nimbari was labeled "G12" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.

## Distribution

Nimbari is located near Pitoa (Pitoa commune, Bénoué department) and Mayo-Louti (Figuil commune), Northern Region. The so-called Nyam-Nyam of Mayo-Kébi should not be confused with the so-called Nyam-Nyam of Tignère and Galim (Adamawa Region), whose real name is Nizaa (or Suga), of Mambiloid affiliation.

## History and classification

Kastenholz and Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) note that Nimbari cannot be classified with certainty due to limited data. It is a Fali name meaning 'people of Mbari'. People who identify as Nimbari currently speak Kangou (or Kaangu, Kaang), a variety of Southern Fali, and identify the ethnic name Nimbari with their village, Gorimbari. Kastenholz and Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) report from a 2008 field trip that the name Mbaari refers to an inselberg (Fali language: ɡɔ́rì) central to the village of Gorimbari (Gorimbaara [ɡóːrímbáːrà]). Nimbari is derived from the Fali term níí mbáárì 'people/person (niru) of Mbaari'.
Strümpell (1922/23) reported Nimbari to be the autonym of Niam-Niam language speakers. Originally, Strümpell (1910) called the language Niam-Niam, and had documented some limited data of questionable quality from elderly rememberers; the language was already no longer in everyday use at the time of data collection. Kastenholz and Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) note that some items in Strümpell's word list share similarities with Duru languages (Dii, Duupa, Dugun), and also with Samba Leko and Kolbila to a lesser extent. However, many words have no clear parallels with other Adamawa languages.
# Urwibutso Nicole

Urwibutso Nicole (born 1994) is a basketball player from Rwanda.

## Early life

Nicole was born in Gasabo District in 1994, the youngest in a family of three. She had a daughter with her husband who grew up dreaming of sports and science. Nicole stepped down and immediately won the league title from Kigali, beating APR WBBC. In 2019 she returned to the University of Rwanda team in Huye where she was studying and was also in charge of university sports development. As soon as Nicole graduated from college in 2020 she returned to the IPRC HUYE team.

## Career

She started playing a variety of sports at her school, but settled on basketball. She participated in school competitions such as the Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence Karubanda. Nicole became the captain of her team in 2018. The team immediately won the league title from Kigali, beating APR WBBC. In 2019 she returned to the University of Rwanda team in Huye where she was studying and was also in charge of sports development at the university (Minister of Sports). As soon as Nicole graduated from college in 2020 she returned to the IPRC HUYE team.
# Nimpkish Lake

Nimpkish Lake is a lake on in the Northern Vancouver Island region of British Columbia, Canada. It is the location of Nimpkish Lake Provincial Park and is 32 km south of Port McNeill. The lake is in the traditional territory of the Namgis First Nation, who are its namesake. It is part of the drainage basin of the Nimpkish River.
# Nigalihawa

Nigalihawa is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 7564 people living in 1231 individual households.

## History

Nigalihawa was known as Sobhavati in ancient times. According to Theravada Buddhist tradition, Konagamana Buddha was born in Sobhavati. Konagamana Buddha is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 23 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pali Canon. Today, Sobhavati corresponds to the archaeological site referred to as Nigali Sagar, which is located in Nigalihawa.
# Nigel Grindley

Nigel David Forster Grindley FRS (born 24 November 1945) is a British biochemist and Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University.
He studied at the University of Cambridge (BA, 1967) and London University (Ph.D, 1974). He taught at University of Pittsburgh.
He was a 1987 Guggenheim Fellow, and won a 1991 MERIT award from the National Institutes of Health.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006. He was named as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2008.
At Yale his team are studying the effects of a variety of enzymes on DNA.
# Uphall F.C. (1892)

Uphall Football Club was a football club from Uphall in West Lothian.

## History

The club was formed on 12 September 1892 at a meeting in the Uphall Inn and almost immediately accepted into the East of Scotland Football Association. This allowed the club to enter the three main tournaments for clubs in the area - the East of Scotland Shield, the King Cup, and the Linlithgowshire Cup. Indeed, the first round of the Linlithgowshire had already taken place, and the club was allowed to enter the competition in the second round, to play the similarly late entrant Bathgate Athletic. Uphall's 5–3 win put the club into the semi-final, but it lost 3–2 at home to Broxburn, the winner coming in the last minute. Uphall lost in the first round of the Shield, but did get to the semi-final of the Consolation Cup; drawn to visit Bathgate Rovers, Uphall took a half-time lead with the conditions in its favour, but lost the match 4–1.
The club's ambition was shown by it joining the Scottish Football Association in 1893, and being one of the six clubs which met at the start of 1894 to form the East of Scotland League. However it lost in the first preliminary round of the Scottish Cup (5–2 at home to Polton Vale), in the first round of the Shield and Linlithgowshire Cups, and in the second round of the King. The club's only league season was unsuccessful, the League petered out before the fixtures were completed. Uphall had a 2–3 season.
1895–96 was Uphall's final season; apart from its initial season, it had never won more than 1 match in any knockout competition in any season. The club's only win in the Scottish Cup had been 5–0 at Kelso in the first preliminary round in 1894–95. The club was struck from the Scottish FA roll in August 1896.

## Colours

The club kit was maroon shirts and white knickers.

## Ground

The club played at Crossgreen Park, formerly known as Craigview Park, when it had been the home ground of predecessor junior club Uphall Bluebell.
# Nigredo Hotel

Nigredo Hotel is a chamber opera in one act composed by Nic Gotham to a libretto by Ann-Marie MacDonald. It premiered on 13 May 1992 at the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto in a production by Tapestry New Opera Works who had commissioned the opera. The production won two Dora Awards and the work was nominated for the Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award. Subtitled "an operatic thriller", it is set in Room 7 of a run-down hotel which takes its name from the Jungian concept of Nigredo or "dark night of the soul". The story involves an encounter between the beautiful but crazed woman who runs the hotel and a brain surgeon forced to take refuge there after crashing his car.

## Background and performance history

Jazz musician and composer Nic Gotham approached Ann-Marie MacDonald to write the libretto in 1988 after having composed the incidental music and sound effects for her play Goodnight Desdemona as well as the music for Boom, Baby, Boom!, a "jazz play" by his wife Ban̦uta Rubess, in which MacDonald played the role of Austra Mednis. Gotham had originally planned to have only one character, the brain surgeon Raymond. However, MacDonald convinced him to introduce a female character, Sophie, who would represent his other self, or "anima" in Jungian psychology. Tapestry New Opera Works premiered Nigredo Hotel on 13 May 1992 at Toronto's Tarragon Theatre in a production directed by Ban̦uta Rubess. It ran there for a month before the company took it on tour to British Columbia and in 1993 to Scotland for the Glasgow Mayfest.
Tapestry New Opera Works subsequently revived the production in 1995 for a run at the du Maurier Theatre Centre in Toronto and again in 2005 to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary. The opera was performed by the company again in 2006 as part of the Algoma Fall Festival in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. On that occasion it was performed at the Wellington Square Mall in a disused discount store which became part of the set. 2006 also saw the opera's Australian premiere when it was performed in Canberra by the Stopera chamber opera company in a new production directed by Caroline Stacey. City Opera of Vancouver revived Nigredo Hotel in September 2018 in a new production directed by Alan Corbishley.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 13 May 1992 |
| Raymond, a brain surgeon | baritone | Jonathan Whittaker |
| Sophie, proprietor of the Nigredo Hotel | soprano | Shari Saunders |

## Music

The opera's music is based on jazz harmonies and rhythms and is scored for two singers (soprano and baritone), clarinet, bass clarinet, double bass, electric bass, percussion, and piano. The Australian critic Janet Wilson wrote that the work would be more aptly described as a "dramatic jazz piece" rather than an opera, although the score contains the traditional operatic components of overture, recitatives, arias, and duets.
# Nimri, Keban

Nimri (formerly: Pınarlar) is a village in the Keban District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 57 (2021). The village is populated by Alevi Turkmens.
# Nimrim

Nimrim, in Moab, is mentioned twice in scripture in the Tanakh and Bible, in Isaiah 15:6 and in Jeremiah 48:34.
Little is known of Nimrim other than it was in Moab. It is mentioned in connection with several cities that were under Moabite control at that time (around 626BC - 586BC) such as Heshbon, Zoar and Horonaim. Scholars are not in agreement of whether Nimrim was a river, or a lake, or a city.
# Nimritz

Nimritz is a municipality in the district Saale-Orla-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany.
# Nigryigoga

Nigryigoga is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Nigua River

Nigua River may refer to:
* Nigua River (Salinas, Puerto Rico)
* Nigua River (Arroyo, Puerto Rico)
# Peril Strait

57°31′52″N 135°16′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.53111°N 135.27056°W﻿ / 57.53111; -135.27056
Peril Strait or Shee Káx’ is a strait in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. It is between Chichagof Island to its north and Baranof Island and Catherine Island to its south. The strait is 80 km (50 mi) long and reaches from Salisbury Sound on the west to the Chatham Strait on the east. It is entirely within the limits of the City and Borough of Sitka.

## Name

Shee Káx’ comes from “Shee” which is the original name of Baranof Island. Káx’ is “above”, a locative description.
The strait was named Proliv Pogibshy by Russians because of a fatal incident during a fur seal hunting expedition led by Alexander Baranof in 1799. According to V. F. Lisianski, Baranof employed Native Aleut hunters, ate poisonous shellfish from the strait, which resulted in approximately one hundred and fifty deaths. Beyond the strait are the points Poison Cove and Deadman's Reach, also named for the incident. Peril Strait is the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey translation of Proliv Pogibshiy.
This name Haat xhishxhaak is actually used in reference to Sergius Narrows, as well as any area with rapids or whirlpools. "Haat" is tide, rapids, whirlpool, back-eddy.
The name of Peril Strait is Shee Kax', "Shee" being the name of Baranof Island and kax' meaning "on top of".
Hoonah Sound is called Shee Kaax Yik (Up and Offset From Shee [Baranof Island]).

## Navigation

On May 10, 2004, the AMHS vessel M/V LeConte grounded on Cozian Reef in Peril Strait. There were no major injuries, and after an extensive salvage process, the LeConte was escorted to Ketchikan for successful repairs. The cause of the grounding was determined to be operator error, not tidal currents.
The Fairway Island Light, located on the eastern entrance to Peril Strait, was an important aid-to-navigation in the early 20th century.
# Peril at Cranbury Hall

Peril at Cranbury Hall is a 1930 detective novel by John Rhode, the pen name of the British writer Cecil Street. It marked the eighth appearance of the armchair detective Lancelot Priestley, who featured in a long-running series of novels during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. The use of the cipher inspired a similar one used in Dorothy L. Sayers's Have His Carcase

## Synopsis

An expensive new clinic is established at Cranbury Hall treating patients for fatigue with an innovative technique. Oliver Gilroy, the brother of one of the clinic's backers, is released from gaol and takes over a key role at the lucrative institution. However a series of attempts of his life draw the interest of Priestley.
# Yechezkel Roth

Rabbi Yechezkel Roth was known as the Karlsburger Rav. He was the author of Emek HaTeshuvah (nine volumes: Chezkas Taharah Hilchos Niddah, Emek Shmaatsa Gemara, Chazon Yechezkel on Drush, Mishpat Ha’aretz on Shmittah, Keren HaTorah Ribbis, Mai Chanukah on Hilchos Chanukah) and other works.
In March 2016 he was hospitalized after a coronary. He was mekadeish his wife a second time after he recovered. His wife Rochel Roth died at age 77 on December 4, 2017 after suffering a heart attack. . On March 7, 2021, Rabbi Roth suffered a massive heart attack at around 8:00AM. Hatzolah rushed to the scene and did all they could to save his life but he died at around 8:30AM.

## Biography

Roth was the leader of a venerated Bais Horaah in Borough Park, Brooklyn, and is one of leading Poskim in the world.
After many years of living in Israel, he emigrated to the US, where he eventually became recognized as one of the great Diaspora poskim. Years later, he began dividing his time between New York and Israel, where he would seclude himself for weeks on end in Meron in the spiritual shadow at the most famous for the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai.
In 1972, the Satmar Rebbe, Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum sought a Posek with uncompromising spiritual standards to serve on the Satmar beis din in Boro Park. The Rebbe's spiritual requirements were daunting. Roth whose brilliance in Torah is surpassed only by his staunch principles that closely match those of Satmar, was immediately approved by Teitelbaum. He dispatched messengers to Roth's home in Israel requesting that Rav Roth relocate to Boro Park to disseminate Torah, and Roth assented. Since then, he lived in New York, and although he is not officially affiliated with any group, he has close ties with the Satmar community.
Roth soon acquired a reputation as one of the most prominent Poskim of the generation. He accepts the most complex sh’eilos from all sections of the Shulkhan Arukh, responding in lucid, understandable terms. His piskei halachah are studied and analyzed in batei medrash l’hora’ah throughout the world, and some of his responses to personal status and family issues have ended months and even years of halachic debate where other dayanim were unwilling to take responsibility for such sensitive rulings.
# Yechezkel Levenstein

Rabbi Yechezkel Levenstein, known as Reb Chatzkel, (1885 – 18 Adar (11 or 12 March) 1974), was the mashgiach ruchani of the Mir Yeshiva, in Mir, Belarus and during the yeshiva's escape to Lithuania and on to Shanghai due to the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. He was a leader of several yeshivas in Europe, the United States, and Israel.

## Biography

Levenstein was born in Warsaw (5656) His mother, Zlota, died when he was five years old; his father, Yehuda, subsequently remarried. He studied for 2+1⁄2 years in the yeshiva in Łomża, influenced by the mussar movement, then in Raduń Yeshiva under the Chofetz Chaim and Rabbi Yeruchom Levovitz, and finally in the Kelm Talmud Torah.
His wife was named Chaya.
From 5695 (1935), for about 2 years he was the mashgiach of Yeshivas Lomza in Petach Tikvah.

## Shanghai

News reached Shanghai Adar 5703 (1943), where the Mir spent the war years, of the murders of so many of Lithuanian Jewry. The eulogy of the martyrs by the mashgiach was published in a book, Mimizrach Shemesh.

## Yeshivos

The Yeshivos that he founded or strongly influenced include:
* Before World War II
   * Mir Yeshiva (Poland), as Mashgiach Ruchani
* After the War
   * Mir Yeshivah (Yerushalayim)
   * Ponovezh Yeshivah (B'nei Brak)

## Works

* Or Yechezkel, a seven volume work of musar
# Yasnogorsky

Yasnogorsky (masculine), Yasnogorskaya (feminine), or Yasnogorskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Yasnogorsky District, a district of Tula Oblast, Russia
* Yasnogorsky (rural locality) (Yasnogorskaya, Yasnogorskoye), several rural localities in Russia
# Yaylımlı

Yaylımlı can refer to:
* Yaylımlı, Aşkale
* Yaylımlı, Tut
# Pepe Teromaa

Veli-Pekka Teromaa also known as Pepe Teromaa (born 6 April 1956) is a Finnish former motorcycle speedway rider who rode in the British League for Leicester Lions and Coventry Bees in the 1970s. He earned three caps for the Finland national speedway team.

## Career

The younger brother of former Finnish Champion Ila Teromaa, Pepe established himself in speedway racing in Finland, and finished fourth in the Finnish Championship in 1974.
In 1975 he signed for Coventry Bees but his season was cut short by injury in his first match. In 1976 he joined his brother at Leicester Lions where he spent two seasons.
# Perfidia (disambiguation)

"Perfidia" is a popular Mexican song.
It may also refer to:
* Perfidia (Rossner novel), by Judith Rossner
* Perfidia (Ellroy novel), by James Ellroy, published in 2014
* "Perfidia" (Journeyman), an episode of the TV show Journeyman
* The Man in Grey, a 1943 British drama film released in Spain and Portugal as Perfidia
* Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne, a 1945 French film released in Italy as Perfidia
* Perfidia (film), a 2009 Bolivian film directed by Rodrigo Bellott, starring Gonzalo Valenzuela