OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Dean

Thomas or Tom(my) Dean or Deen may refer to:
* Tom Dean (Hampshire cricketer) (1920–2004), English cricketer
* Tom Dean (Gloucestershire cricketer) (1881–1964), cricketer who played once for Gloucestershire in 1908
* Tom Dean (artist), Canadian conceptual artist
* Tommy Dean (born 1945), shortstop in Major League Baseball
* Thomas Dean (computer scientist), professor at Brown University and researcher at Google
* Tom Dean (swimmer) (born 2000), British swimmer
* Tom Dean (basketball), see Morgan State Bears men's basketball
* Tommy Dean (comedian), American-Australian comedian who appeared on Stand Up Australia
* Thomas Dean (mechanic), see Henkes Islands
* Thomas B. Deen, see List of members of the National Academy of Engineering
# Simon Community

The Simon Community is a charity which helps homeless people, taking its name from Simon of Cyrene. It was founded in 1963 by Anton Wallich-Clifford, who had encountered many homeless people while working for the Probation Service at Bow Street Magistrates' Court in London. Wallich-Clifford was influenced by the work of Dorothy Day and her Catholic Worker Movement in the US, and his original vision was to establish a farm and community in Sussex. However, local protests prevented this and the organisation developed as a chain of houses and night shelters run by local volunteers. The Simon Community was co-founded by political activist Eddie Linden.
A trust was established to manage the affairs of the charity but its administration was weak. Attempts were made to transform the organisation into a decentralised federation of homelessness bodies: the Cyrenian Federation and Homes for Homeless People.
Anton Wallich-Clifford died in 1978, but the original community continues where it is based and active in London.

## Ireland

In Ireland, the Simon Communities were founded by a group of Trinity College and University College Dublin students in 1969. It now operates all over Ireland, but particularly in Cork, Dublin, Dundalk and Galway. These organisations partly (about 50%) fund themselves by hosting a number of charity initiatives and events such as the Dublin Fun Run. The remainder of funding comes from service contracts with government to provide homeless housing. In 2009, Dublin Simon celebrated its 40th anniversary.
# Thomas Rud

Thomas Rud (1668 – 17 March 1732–3) was an English antiquarian.

## Biography

Rud was baptised at Stockton on 2 January 1667–8, was son of Thomas Rud (1641–1719), curate of Stockton, afterwards vicar of Norton and rector of Long Newton, all in the county of Durham, who married at Stockton, on 13 November 1666, Alice, daughter of Thomas Watson of Stockton. From Durham grammar school he was admitted as subsizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 2 February 1683–4, and graduated B.A. 1687, M.A. 1691. From 1697 to 1699 he was the master of his old school at Durham, and from 1699 to 1710 he was head master at Newcastle grammar school and master of St. Mary's Hospital. In 1707, he printed at Cambridge a Latin syntax and prosody compiled for the use of his scholars.
In 1711, Rud returned to Durham, where he was instituted to the vicarage of St. Oswald (1 Sept.); he received in the same year the posts of lecturer of holy-day sermons in the cathedral and librarian to the dean and chapter. He was promoted in 1725 to the vicarage of Northallerton, and held with it, from June 1729, the rectory of Washington, co. Durham. He was collated, on 9 July 1728, as prebendary of the fifth stall at Ripon collegiate church, and retained these preferments until his death. He died on 17 March 1732–3. His wife was Isabel, daughter of Cuthbert Hendry of Shincliffe, near Durham, and they had several children.
Rud compiled with much labour and learning, and with beautiful penmanship, a catalogue of the manuscripts at Durham Cathedral, which he completed at North Allerton on 15 September 1727. It was printed for the dean and chapter under the editorship of the Rev. James Raine, and with an appendix by him, in 1825. To Rud Raine owed much of the material embodied in the latter's ‘Catalogi veteres Librorum Eccl. Cathedralis Dunelm.’ (Surtees Soc. 1838). To Thomas Bedford's edition of the treatise of Symeon of Durham, ‘De exordio atque procursu Dunhelmensis ecclesiæ’ (1732), there was prefixed a Latin dissertation (pp. i–xxxv) by Rud, proving, in opposition to the views of Selden, that Symeon of Durham, and not Turgot, was its author. Rud's copy of this work, with the errors of the press corrected, and with some important additions, ultimately passed to Dr. Raine (Surtees Soc. vii. 149–50). Rud contributed to the two volumes of ‘Miscellaneous Observations upon Authors, Ancient and Modern,’ which were edited by Dr. Jortin in 1731–2, several articles signed T. R., chiefly relating to the Arundelian marbles. A copy of Beza's New Testament (1582), at the British Museum, has many manuscript notes by Rud.
# Moon of Baroda

The Moon of Baroda is a 24.04 carats (4.808 g) cut diamond discovered in Vadodara (Baroda), India. The diamond, canary yellow in colour, is cut in a pear shape. When found, the rough diamond weighed 25.95 carats (5.190 g). The Moon of Baroda was originally owned by the Maharajas of Baroda. The Gaekwad Maharajas were in possession of the diamond for almost 500 years. The gem was later worn by singer and actress Marilyn Monroe and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.

## Description

The Moon of Baroda weighed 25.95 carats (5.190 g) at the time it was found. It was later cut into a pear shaped diamond, weighing 24.04 carats (4.808 g).
A popular myth associated with the Moon of Baroda is that it brings bad luck to its owner if it is carried across the sea.

## History

The Moon of Baroda was originally owned by the royal Gaekwad family, the Maharajas of Baroda. It was later sent by the Gaekwad family to Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, the only female monarch of the Habsburg dynasty. The diamond was returned to the Gaekwad family later, and in 1860, it was fitted to a necklace. Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad sold it to an unknown buyer in the early 1920s.
The diamond resurfaced in the 1940s, in 1943, the diamond was purchased by Meyer Rosenbaum of Detroit, President of the Meyer Jewelry Company. Rosenbaum later lent the diamond to Marilyn Monroe, who wore it for the shooting of the song Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend, and also in the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The Moon of Baroda was displayed publicly at an exhibition in 1944.
In 2008, the Moon of Baroda was next displayed publicly at the exhibition 'Diamond Divas', organized by the Antwerp World Diamond Centre.
On the 28 August 2012, episode of the Japanese antique appraisal television show Nandemo Kanteidan (松木悌), a Japanese management consultant resident in the US appearing with what he claimed was the Moon of Baroda). Japanese diamond expert, Mr Honma (本間悟郎), authenticated the diamond and appraised it at 100 million Yen.
A number of replicas of the diamond have been made by jewellers and put on display,
# Thomas Lathrop Stedman

Thomas Lathrop Stedman, M.D. (1853-1938) was an early American medical doctor and editor of the Medical Record starting in 1890.

## Biography

He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 11, 1853. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from Trinity College, and studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating in 1877. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association.
He became an editor of the Medical Record starting in 1890. In 1903 he became editor of Dunglison's New Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature. It became Stedman's Medical Dictionary for the 1911 edition.
He died May 16, 1938, in New York City.
# Thomas E. Cooper

Thomas Edward Cooper (born 1943) is an American scientist and businessman who served as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition) from 1983 to 1987.

## Biography

Thomas E. Cooper was born on May 31, 1943. He was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a B.S. in 1966, an M.S. in 1968, and a Ph.D. in 1970.
After completing his doctorate, in 1970 Cooper worked briefly as a consultant for the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, and then spent 1970 to 1975 as an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the Naval Postgraduate School. In 1976, he joined the professional staff of the United States House Committee on Armed Services, working there until 1982.
On December 15, 1982, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Cooper to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Research, Development, and Logistics). Cooper subsequently held this office until 1987, with the title of the office changing to Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition) during the course of his time in office.
Upon leaving government service in 1987, Cooper joined General Electric as an executive. He retired as GE Aviation's head of Washington, D.C. operations in 2008.
# Morand (surname)

Morand is a French surname.

## List of people with the surname

* Charles Antoine Morand (1771–1835), Napoleonic general
* Maxine Morand (born 1959), Australian politician
* Paul Morand (1888–1976), French writer
* Sandrine Morand (born 1979), French curler
# Sinchon station (Unnyul Line)

Sinchon station is a railway station in Sinch'ŏn-up, Sinch'ŏn County, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea, on the Ŭnnyul Line of the Korean State Railway.

## History

Sinchon station was opened by the Chosen Railway on 16 November 1922.
# Silvia Ruffini

Silvia Ruffini (1475 – 6 December 1561 in Rome) was an Italian noble woman and mistress of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese before he became pope (Pope Paul III from 1534); she was the mother of his four children.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Rufino Ruffini and Giulia (last name unknown), who lived in a palace in the Colonna neighbourhood of Rome. She had four brothers, Giacomo, Girolamo, Ascanio and Mario, and two sisters, Camilla and Ippolita.
At some time around 1496 she married a Roman merchant named Giovanni Battista Crispo, with whom she had three sons: Sallustio, Virgilio and Cardinal Tiberio Crispo. Her husband died in 1501; she may already have been romantically involved with Cardinal Farnese by then.
Ruffini was introduced to Alessandro Farnese by his sister Giulia (mistress to Pope Alexander VI), and the cardinal offered to be her escort through Rome. Their first daughter, Costanza, was probably born already in 1500. Ruffini had three other children with the cardinal; some of them may have been born while Ruffini's husband was still alive. The children were Pier Luigi, Paolo and Ranuccio.
When Alessandro became Bishop of Parma, the church's vicar-general, Bartolomeo Guidiccioni, required him to end his relationship with Ruffini. As pope, Paul III kept her identity a secret, fearing the negative publicity that had plagued his sister Giulia. Baldassarre Molosso, a poet and guardian of the couple's children, hints that Paul III kept her in the town of Bolsena, a village owned by her son and where Paul III had a villa. The location was also close to Silvia's sister Camilla.
Ruffini died on Tuesday 5 December 1561 in Rome, at the age of about 86, and was buried in a family crypt.

## Issue

She had three children by Giovanni Battista Crispo:
* Tiberio Crispo, who later became a cardinal;
* Sallustio Crispo;
* Virgilio Crispo.
She had four children by Alessandro Farnese (later Pope Paul III):
* Costanza Farnese (1500-1545), who married Bosio II Sforza of Santa Fiora, 9th Count of Santa Fiora;
* Pier Luigi Farnese (1503-1547), who married Diane de France Duke of Parma;
* Paolo Farnese (1504-1512);
* Ranuccio Farnese (1509-1529).

## Portrayals

Ruffini is portrayed by Laura Fedorowycz in the TV series Borgia.
Historian Patrizia Rosini believes Silvia was the model for two portraits: one in the Allegory of Baptism in the Rondanini Palace and the second in the Sala del Perseo in the castle of Sant'Angelo,
# Thomas Lynch

Thomas or Tom(my) Lynch may refer to:

## Politics

* Thomas Lynch (statesman) (1727–1776), South Carolina delegate to the Continental Congress
* Thomas Lynch Jr. (1749–1779), signer of the Declaration of Independence
* Thomas Lynch (congressman) (1844–1898), United States congressman from Wisconsin
* Thomas Lynch (governor) (1603–1684), Governor of Jamaica
* Thomas C. Lynch (1904–1986), California state attorney general, 1964–1971
* Thomas Lynch (mayor), mayor of Galway
* Thomas K. Lynch (born 1947), American municipal administrator and politician in Barnstable, Massachusetts

## Sports
### Baseball

* Thomas Lynch (baseball executive) (1859–1924), American baseball umpire and National League president
* Thomas Lynch (pitcher) (1863–1903), American baseball pitcher for Chicago during the 1884 season
* Tom Lynch (baseball) (1860–1955), American baseball outfielder for Wilmington and Philadelphia during the 1884 and 1885 seasons

### Football (soccer)

* Thomas Lynch (footballer) (1907–1976), Welsh football goalkeeper
* Tom Lynch (soccer), American soccer midfielder
* Tommy Lynch (footballer) (born 1964), Irish former footballer

### Rugby

* Tom Lynch (rugby union) (1892–1950), New Zealand rugby union footballer, father of the below
* Thomas Lynch (rugby, born 1927) (1927–2006), New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer, son of the above
* Tom Lynch (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 2010s

### Other

* Tom Lynch (American football) (born 1955), former American football guard
* Tom Lynch (Australian footballer, born 1990), Australian rules footballer for Adelaide, formerly St Kilda
* Tom Lynch (Australian footballer, born 1992), Australian rules footballer for Richmond, formerly Gold Coast

## Others

* Thomas Lynch (admiral) (born 1942), retired American Navy rear admiral
* Thomas J. Lynch (1916–1944), American World War II flying ace
* Thomas Lynch (criminal) (18??–1914), see 1914 in organized crime
* Thomas Lynch (poet) (born 1948), American poet and undertaker
* Thomas Lynch (psychiatrist) (1922–2005), Irish psychiatrist
* Thomas Lynch (set designer), professor at the University of Washington School of Drama
* Thomas Kerr Lynch (1818–1891), Irish explorer
* Thomas R. Lynch (born 1956), American psychologist and author
* Thomas W. Lynch (born 1956), American television series creator and executive producer
# Silver Stallion (1941 film)

Silver Stallion is a 1941 American western film directed by Edward Finney and starring David Sharpe, LeRoy Mason and Chief Thundercloud. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures.

## Cast

* David Sharpe as Davey Duncan
* LeRoy Mason as Pascal Nolan
* Chief Thundercloud as Freshwater
* Thornton Edwards as Tronco
* Walter Long as Benson
* Janet Waldo as Jan Walton
* Fred Hoose as Dad Walton
# Silver Star (1910 song)

"Silver Star" is an intermezzo composed by Charles L. Johnson in 1910. In 1911, William R. Clay added lyrics which tell of an Indian warrior eloping with an unnamed Indian maiden whom he refers to as his "silver star".

## Lyrics

The lyrics as written by Clay:
   There was a dusky little maid in a lonely glade, Sang a serenade— Came a warrior true, ev'ry night to woo— He would softly coo, I love you. On bended knee so fathfully he would ever be, Pleading earnestly— be my pretty bride O'er the prairies ride—be my silver star—
   Chorus: We will be dreaming by campfires gleaming, in lands afar, Tell me you are, my silver star. We'll go a creeping while squaw is sleeping, there will be a war, If we should tarry, my silver Star. (repeat)
   Next morning just a break of day they were far away, Looking bright and gay— Chief was feeling blue, knew not what to do— Where they journeyed to, no one knew. One day they spied the blushing bride on the prairies wide, Riding by his side— then he whispered low She is mine you know— she's my silver star— (Chorus)
# Cremasteric reflex

The cremasteric reflex is a superficial (i.e., close to the skin's surface) reflex observed in human males.
This reflex is elicited by lightly stroking or poking the superior and medial (inner) part of the thigh—regardless of the direction of stroke. The normal response is an immediate contraction of the cremaster muscle that pulls up the testicle ipsilaterally (on the same side of the body). The reflex utilizes sensory and motor fibers from two different nerves. When the inner thigh is stroked, sensory fibers of the ilioinguinal nerve are stimulated. These activate the motor fibers of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve which causes the cremaster muscle to contract and elevate the testis.$^{:262}$

## Clinical conditions

In some males this reflex may be exaggerated which can occasionally lead to a misdiagnosis of cryptorchidism.
The cremasteric reflex may be absent with testicular torsion, upper and lower motor neuron disorders, as well as a spine injury of L1-L2. It can also occur if the ilioinguinal nerve has accidentally been cut during a hernia repair.
The cremasteric reflex can be helpful in recognizing testicular emergencies. The presence of the cremasteric reflex does not eliminate testicular torsion from a differential diagnosis, but it does broaden the possibilities to include epididymitis or other causes of scrotal and testicular pain. In any event, if testicular torsion cannot be definitively eliminated in an expeditious manner, a testicular Doppler ultrasound or exploratory surgical intervention is usually implemented to prevent possible loss of the testicle to necrosis.
# Sipapu Bridge

Sipapu Bridge is a natural bridge or arch located in the Natural Bridges National Monument in central San Juan County, Utah, United States. The bridge spans White Canyon.

## Description

Sipapu was long reported to have a span of 268 feet (82 m) by the National Park Service, ranking it as the fourth longest natural arch in the world. A more accurate measurement obtained by laser survey in 2007 revealed the measurement to be a significant overstatement. The Natural Arch and Bridge Society has published a revised span of 255 feet (78 m), demoting the arch to a thirteenth-place ranking.
Based on specific criteria that separate natural arches from natural bridges, Sipapu is the sixth longest natural bridge after the more well-known Rainbow Bridge also located in Utah, and four Chinese natural bridges—all longer than Rainbow Bridge—which were measured and documented by NABS between 2010 and 2015.

## Access

Sipapu can be viewed from a roadside viewpoint, but more fully viewed from a short hiking trail that leads down to its base from the canyon rim. Since the closure of the trail leading under Landscape Arch due to safety concerns, and the voluntary prohibition placed on passing under Rainbow Bridge in deference to Navajo and Hopi spiritual beliefs, Sipapu is now the longest natural arch in the world to have an active trail beneath it that visitors may pass under, affording views of the underside of the arch.

## Name

The name of the arch comes from the Hopi word sipapu, a word for a symbolic portal from which the first human ancestors emerged. Earlier names, which still were in use until the mid 20th century, were "President", "Augusta" and "Great Augusta".
# Sipapo River

Sipapo River is a river of Venezuela. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
# Morkhana

Morkhana is a village in Nokha Tehsil in the Bikaner district of the Indian state of Rajasthan.

## Geography

Morkhana is about 284 kilometers from the state capital of Jaipur.

## Temple

Morkhana is famous for its Suswani Devi temple, dedicated to the Goddess Suswani Mata. The temple is around 846 years old. It is constructed out of Jaisalmer stones where statues of demigods are carved on the outer walls.
# Simler Snowfield

Simler Snowfield is a snowfield lying northeast of Holtedahl Bay, on Velingrad Peninsula, the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctica. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 for Josias Simler (1530–76), who wrote the first reasonable advice on precautions for travel on glaciers, in 1574.
66°3′S 65°5′W﻿ / ﻿66.050°S 65.083°W﻿ / -66.050; -65.083  This article incorporates public domain material from "Simler Snowfield". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Graham Coast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Thomas Martinetz

Thomas Martinetz (born 2 January 1962 in Nettesheim) is a German physicist and neuro-informatician.

## Life

Thomas Martinetz studied mathematics and physics at the Technical University of Munich, where he earned his doctorate in theoretical biophysics under Klaus Schulten in 1992 after several years as a guest at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. After working in the central research and development department of Siemens AG, in 1996 he moved to a professorship at the Institute for Neuroinformatics of the Ruhr University Bochum and took over the management of the Center for Neuroinformatics GmbH. In 1999 he accepted a call to the University of Lübeck as director of the Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics. From 2006 to 2008 he was Vice-Rector of the University of Lübeck, and from 2008 to 2011 Vice-President for Research and Technology Transfer. Since 2013 he is chairman of the Senate of the University of Lübeck.
His major contribution in the field of neuroinformatics is the so-called Neural gas, a variant of self-organizing maps.
He is co-founder of the software companies Consideo, the Pattern Recognition Company and gestigon.

## Awards

The Center for Neuroinformatics GmbH, whose management he took over in 1996, was awarded in the same year with the Innovation Award of the German economy. awarded him as a "courageous entrepreneur", and in 2011 he received the transfer award of the Innovation Foundation Schleswig-Holstein.

## Publications

* Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten (1991). "A "neural gas" network learns topologies" (PDF). Artificial Neural Networks. Elsevier. pp. 397–402.
* Martinetz, T.M.; Berkovich, S.G.; Schulten, K.J. (1993). "'Neural-gas' network for vector quantization and its application to time-series prediction". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 4 (4). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 558–569. doi:10.1109/72.238311. ISSN 1045-9227. PMID 18267757.
* Martinetz, Thomas; Schulten, Klaus (1994). "Topology representing networks". Neural Networks. 7 (3). Elsevier BV: 507–522. doi:10.1016/0893-6080(94)90109-0. ISSN 0893-6080.
# Simon James

Simon James may refer to:
* Simon James (academic), English academic
* Simon James (archaeologist), British archaeologist
* Simon James (musician) (born 1954), of Acoustic Alchemy
* Simon James, UK radio presenter, see Simon James and Hill
* Simon Porritt, Australian CEO, acted under the name Simon James
* Simon R.H. James, author of London Film Location Guide
# Simon James (academic)

Simon J. James is an English academic and specialist in late Victorian and Edwardian fiction, especially George Gissing and H. G. Wells. Professor of English Literature at Durham University, he is currently the Head of the Department of English Studies (2015-2018). He is the editor of The Wellsian, the journal of the H. G. Wells Society.
As well as publishing a book on George Gissing and writing many academic articles, he has also edited four H. G. Wells novels for Penguin Classics (The History of Mr Polly, Kipps, Love and Mr Lewisham and The New Machiavelli) and has written articles for the Times Literary Supplement and the Oxford Companion to English Literature.

## Published works

* Unsettled Accounts: Money and Narrative in the Novels of George Gissing (London: Anthem Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1-84331-107-2)
* Maps of Utopia: H. G. Wells, Modernity and the End of Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-19960-659-7)