OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Porthgain Railway

51°56′53″N 5°10′48″W﻿ / ﻿51.948°N 5.180°W﻿ / 51.948; -5.180
The Porthgain Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge industrial railway connecting the Pen Clegyr and St. Bride's quarries with Porthgain harbour. It operated from the late 1880s until 1931.
The line of the track can still be traced as a levelled strip on the clifftop, adjacent to the path to Porthgain harbour.

## Locomotives

| Name | Builder | Type | Date | Works number | Notes |
| Porthgain | Andrew Barclay | 0-6-0T | 1909 | 1185 | Supplied new to Porthgain. Out of use by 1929. Scrapped on site shortly after 1931. |
| Charger | W.G. Bagnall | 0-4-0T | 1891 | 1381 | Worked at Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Co. Ltd., Jarrow until 1908. Worked on the construction of Blackwater Reservoir at Rannoch Moor. Acquired 1912. Scrapped shortly after 1931. |
| Singapore | Kerr Stuart | 0-4-2ST | 1899 | 659 | Built for the construction of the Burtonport extension of the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway in Ireland until 1903. Worked on the construction of Blackwater Reservoir at Rannoch Moor. Acquired 1912. Out of use by 1929. Scrapped shortly after 1931. |
| Newport | Hudswell Clarke | 0-4-0T | 1889 | 311 | Built for the 2 ft 10 in (864 mm) gauge railway at Cwmclydach Colliery, Swansea; worked until 1899 then sold for use on the Elan Valley Reservoirs contract. Regauged to 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge in 1908. Worked on various construction contracts until sold to Porthgain in 1929. Remained in the Porthgain Railway locomotive shed after closure until scrapped in 1953. |
# Potamolithus

Potamolithus is a genus of small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Tateidae.
Potamolithus was traditionally classified within the Hydrobiidae. However, anatomical study of Potamolithus by Davis & Pons da Silva (1984) showed its relationship with Lithoglyphus, and it is then placed within the family Lithoglyphidae.
The first appearance of the name Potamolithus was in November 1896 as a nomen nudum (a bare name with no description or illustration). The genus was formally defined by Pilsbry in December 1896.

## Distribution

Potamolithus is the only genus of the family Tateidae in South America. Distribution of Potamolithus includes Argentina (22 species, 11 species are endemic to Argentina), Uruguay (17 species) and Brazil. Potamolithus is the largest genus (i.e. the one with the highest species richness) of recent freshwater snails in Argentina and in Uruguay.

## Species

Species within the genus Potamolithus include:
* Potamolithus agapetus Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus bushii (Frauenfeld, 1865)
* Potamolithus callosus Pilsbry, 1925
* Potamolithus carinifer Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus catharinae Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus concordianus Parodiz, 1966
* Potamolithus conicus (Brot, 1867)
* Potamolithus dinochilus Pilsbry, 1896
* Potamolithus doeringi Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus fabiani
* Potamolithus felipponei Ihering, 1910
* Potamolithus hidalgoi Pilsbry, 1896 - synonyms: Potamolithus microthauma Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus dinochilus Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus hatcheri Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus iheringi Pilsbry, 1896
* Potamolithus karsticus Simone & Moracchioli, 1994
* Potamolithus lapidum (d'Orbigny, 1835) - synonyms: Potamolithus lapidum supersulcatus Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus paysanduanus Ihering, 1910; Potamolithus lapidum var. elatior Pilsbry, 1911; Potamolithus callosus Pilsbry, 1926
* Potamolithus microthauma Pilsbry, 1896
* Potamolithus orbignyi Pilsbry, 1896
* Potamolithus paranensis Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus peristomatus (d'Orbigny, 1835)
* Potamolithus petitianus (d'Orbigny, 1840)
** Potamolithus petitianus sykesii Pilsbry, 1896 - synonyms: Potamolithus bisinuatus bisinuatus Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus bisinuatus obsoletus Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus gracilis gracilis Pilsbry, 1896; Potamolithus gracilis viridis Pilsbry, 1896
* Potamolithus philipianus Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus quadratus Pilsbry & Ihering, 1911
* Potamolithus rushii Pilsbry, 1896 - type genus
* Potamolithus ribeirensis Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus simplex Pilsbry, 1911
* Potamolithus tricostatus (Brot, 1867)
* Potamolithus troglobius Simone & Moracchioli, 1994
* Potamolithus valchetensis Miquel, 1998

## Ecology

Potamolithus species live in streams. Some species are subterranean, living in caves (for example Potamolithus troglobius and Potamolithus karsticus).
# Potamophila

Potamophila is a genus of Australian plants in the grass family.
The only known species is Potamophila parviflora. It is endemic to New South Wales. Common names include Hastings River reed.
This species is a reedlike aquatic perennial grass growing up to 1.5 meters tall. It grows in and next to rivers.
It is a member of the rice tribe, Oryzeae. Among its closest relatives are the wild rice species of genus Zizania.
# Portoviejo Canton

Portoviejo Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Manabí Province. Its capital is the city of Portoviejo. Its population at the 2001 census was 238,430.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:
* Mestizo 67.9%
* Montubio 20.8%
* White 5.7%
* Afro-Ecuadorian 5.3%
* Indigenous 0.2%
* Other 0.2%
# Portoviejo River

The Portoviejo River is a river of the southern coast of Ecuador.
# Potassium iodate

Potassium iodate (KIO$_3$) is an ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO$_3$. It is a white salt that is soluble in water.

## Preparation and properties

It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example:
    HIO$_3$ + KOH → KIO$_3$ + H$_2$O
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:
    3 I$_2$ + 6 KOH → KIO$_3$ + 5 KI + 3 H$_2$O
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:
    KI + KClO$_3$ → KIO$_3$ + KCl
The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible:
   KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO$_3$
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, combustible materials, reducing materials, aluminium, organic compounds, carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides.

## Applications

Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants, because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead. Salt mixed with ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies. Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some baby formula.
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.

### Radiation protection

Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure. Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO$_3$) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates. The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end. Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.
Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine :
| Age | KI in mg | KIO$_3$ in mg |
| Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
| 3 – 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
| 1 – 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
| < 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.

## Safety

Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.
# Potok Mały

Potok Mały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Prawaas

Prawaas (Marathi: प्रवास) is a 2020 Marathi-language drama film directed by Shashank Udapurkar, produced under banner of Om Chhangani Films. The film stars Ashok Saraf, Padmini Kolhapure, Shashank Udapurkar, Vikram Gokhale and Rajit Kapur.
The first scene was filmed on 15 October 2018, and the principal photography began on 19 October in Mumbai. Filming ended on 16 April 2019 and it was released on 14 February 2020.

## Cast

* Ashok Saraf - Abhijat Inamdar
* Padmini Kolhapure - Lata Inamdar
* Shashank Udapurkar - Dilip Inamdar
* Vikram Gokhale - Dr. Nene
* Rajit Kapur - Pandit Ramakant Joshi
* Shreyas Talpade - Shreyas Talpade
* Supriya Karnik - Lata's friend
* Ankush Ubhad - young Abhijat Inamdar

## Plot

Prawas is the journey of an elderly couple, Abhijat Inamdar (Ashok Saraf)) and Lata Inamdar (Padmini Kolhapure). Every person has a certain time to live in this world and it is important to understand how one lives one's life. Abhijat also knows that he has a certain time to live his life and nobody is immortal. He realises that there are so many people who need help and he starts helping them in their problems which gives him confidence in himself, a great sense of satisfaction and unique identity. Abhijat teaches us a very important lesson that there are two most important days in our life, one the day we are born and the next when we find why? when you help others and live your life meaningfully you will be the happiest person on the Earth. In the journey of life, we forget to live our lives and become negative. But the moment we realize the correct way to live our life we start enjoying it. The film beautifully conveys to people that whatever is left in their life is something very special.

## Release

The film was released on 14 February 2020. It was screened at 51st International Film Festival of India in January 2021 and will also be screened at 52nd International Film Festival of India in 'Indian Panorama' section, feature film category.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Salim–Sulaiman with lyrics written by Guru Thakur. The songs are sung by Sonu Nigam, Hariharan, Sukhwinder Singh and Shreya Ghoshal.
Amar Mohile composed the background music. The first song in the film, "Prawaas (Reprise)",sung by Shreya, was released on 14 January 2020. The second song, "Prawaas Title Song", sung by Sonu Nigam, was released on 20 January 2020. The music album was released on 9 January 2020 by Zee Music Company Music.
# Prabhas (disambiguation)

Prabhas is an Indian actor.
Prabhas may also refer to:
* Prabhas Patan, a locality and site of pilgrimage of the Somnath temple in Veraval, Gujarat, India
* Prabhas Sreenu, Indian actor
* Prabhas Chandra Tiwari, Indian politician
* Prabhas Kumar Choudhary, Indian writer
* Prabhas Kumar Singh, Indian politician
# Pradip Mukherjee (artist)

Pradip Mukherjee (born 22 August 1953) is an Indian artist of phad painting, a form of popular folk painting of Rajasthan.

## Life

He was born on 22 August 1953 in Jaipur in the famous Mukherjee family of Jaipur. His parents were senior officials in the Indian government. Since childhood, he had been interested in sketching and painting. When he was eleven, he painted a wall painting for a marriage ceremony in Bikaner.
At the age of sixteen, he moved to Jaipur to live with his parents. Unable to adjust there, he moved back to Kolkata for his undergraduate degree. He got his B.Com. from the University of Calcutta.
After graduation, he moved back to Jaipur. He was introduced to Phad painting when his mother got him a painting from her tour to Shahpura. With a desire to pursue fine arts, he took admission to Rajasthan School of Arts, Jaipur. His parents were not happy with this decision and refused to support him financially.
At the college, he saw his colleagues making Phad paintings for sale at Rajasthali, so he started painting Phad paintings as vocation. Due to the superior quality of his work, he became the sole artist responsible for these paintings. In 1974, he made a Phad painting depicting the situation before and after the Emergency. This painting was gifted to Indira Gandhi by Hari Dev Joshi and it brought him into limelight.
The Phad paintings made in Jaipur lacked the vibrancy and aesthetics that was present in the paintings made by Joshi families of Bhilwara and Shahpura. In 1975, Mukherjee went to Bhilwara to learn the nuances of the art-form. The original technique of making Phad paintings had been a closely guarded family secret, and Mukherjee struggled there for two years until Shree Lal Joshi accepted to teach him. In return to this tutoring, Mukherjee vowed that he would not paint the traditional themes, Pabuji and Devnarayan, since this was the sole source of livelihood for the Joshi family.
In 1980-82, he created a series of 108 Phad paintings on Ramcharitmanas. Each of this paintings was 11 in × 8 in (280 mm × 200 mm) and had six to eight panels showing various scenes. This was the first time that elements of miniature painting had been incorporated into Phad painting.
At present, he lives in Udaipur and paints with his student, Shamsher Khan, who has been with him for the past twenty-five years.

## Work

Mukherjee's works encompass a variety of themes and subjects. These include subjects from Hindu mythology like Ramcharitramanas, Geet Govind, Durgā Saptshahti, Bhagvad Gita, and Hanuman Chalisa, Kālidāsa's works like Kumārasambhava, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, and Meghadūta, as well as themes from Jain and Buddhist mythologies. He has also painted modern subjects like Agyeya's Sagaramudra.
His paintings on Durga saptashati are displayed at City Palace, Udaipur. His works are also displayed alongside M. F. Husain and Manjit Bawa‘s painting in the VIP lounge at IGI Airport.

## Awards and honours

* National Award, 1985
* Shilp Guru, 2008
# Pradip Narayan Ghosh

Pradip Narayan Ghosh is an Indian physicist, and former Vice Chancellor of Jadavpur University and Dean of Science of prestigious Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta. He was born in Calcutta in 1948 and is son of Avarani and Asutosh Ghosh. His grandfather, Atul Krishna Ghosh was a distinguished lawyer and a political leader.
He graduated from Presidency College, Calcutta and had Masters and doctorate degree from the Science College campus of University of Calcutta. He was a post M Sc research associate of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta. He earned the Premchand Roychand Scholarship of the University of Calcutta. He joined Calcutta University as a Lecturer in Physics in 1971 at the age of 23. He has research contribution in the field of Atomic, Molecular and Laser Physics. He introduced the Laser Physics and Application course in the University of Calcutta in the early nineteen eighties.
He has publications on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. He developed an inexpensive model for laser cooling of atoms, the first such experimental work in a university in India. He was a participant in the European Commission sponsored International Collaborative Project Coherent Optical Sensors for Medical Applications (COSMA) involving nine countries of the world. He worked on this project at Sofia and Siena.
He was Research Scientist at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at Ulm, Mainz, Konstanz, Freiburg and Koeln in Germany, Senior Invitation Fellow of JSPS in Japan and a visiting professor at Indiana University.
He published more than hundred and fifteen papers and three books:Laser Physics and Spectroscopy published by Taylor and Francis, in 2018, Physics with Cold Atoms' and Physics Applications
As vice chancellor of Jadavpur University he established a School of Nuclear Sciences and began a post graduate course on Nuclear Engineering, the first such course in India. He took initiative to establish Jadavpur University Press, a publication centre of the University.
He received a Mother Teresa Lifetime Achievement Award for contribution to education. He is former President of the Indian Physical Society and a founder member of the Indian Association of Physics Teachers.
# PowerTrike Evolution

The PowerTrike Evolution is a German ultralight trike, designed and produced by PowerTrike of Mackenbach. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.
As of 2014 the design is no longer indicated as available on the company website.

## Design and development

The Evolution was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with an integral cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from composites, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth and supported by a composite monopole pylon. Its 10.5 m (34.4 ft) span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 582 engine. The main wheel suspension is provided by fibreglass gear legs.
The aircraft has an empty weight of 178 kg (392 lb) and a gross weight of 472.5 kg (1,042 lb) when equipped with a ballistic parachute, giving a useful load of 295 kg (650 lb). With full fuel of 40 litres (8.8 imp gal; 11 US gal) the payload is 266 kg (586 lb).
The aircraft is German DULV certified.
A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the Bautek Pico and the Cosmos Chronos in wing areas of 12 m$^2$ (130 sq ft) and 14 m$^2$ (150 sq ft).

## Operational history

The Evolution has been flown to World Microlight Championships and also European Microlight Championship honours.

## Specifications (Evolution)

Data from Bayerl and PowerTrike
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
* Height: 2.321 m (7 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 12 m$^2$ (130 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 178 kg (392 lb)
* Gross weight: 472.5 kg (1,042 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 40 litres (8.8 imp gal; 11 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 582 twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two stroke aircraft engine, 48 kW (64 hp)
* Propellers: 4-bladed Junkers 170 composite, 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 128 km/h (80 mph, 69 kn)
* Cruise speed: 110 km/h (68 mph, 59 kn)
* Stall speed: 45 km/h (28 mph, 24 kn)
* Rate of climb: 5 m/s (980 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 39.4 kg/m$^2$ (8.1 lb/sq ft)
# Pravin Zantye

Pravin Harish Zantye is an Indian politician from Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. He was elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly from Maem, Goa in the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election on Bharatiya Janata Party ticket. Ahead of 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election, he resigned from the Assembly and BJP, and joined MGP.
His father, Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye, was a Marathi immigrant who had also been the member of the Goa Legislative Assembly as well as member of the Lok Sabha.
# Predicate

Predicate or predication may refer to:
* Predicate (grammar), in linguistics
* Predication (philosophy)
* several closely related uses in mathematics and formal logic:
** Predicate (mathematical logic)
** Propositional function
** Finitary relation, or n-ary predicate
** Boolean-valued function
** Syntactic predicate, in formal grammars and parsers
** Functional predicate
* Predication (computer architecture)
* in United States law, the basis or foundation of something
** Predicate crime
** Predicate rules, in the U.S. Title 21 CFR Part 11
* Predicate, a term used in some European context for either nobles' honorifics or for nobiliary particles
# Premium Showcase: Feel the Love

Ayumi Hamasaki Premium Showcase: Feel the Love is Japanese pop singer Ayumi Hamasaki's 38th DVD/Blu-ray release. It was released on October 22, 2014. The tour was promoted as a "premium live", visiting only 3 cities – Nagoya, Osaka and Tokyo – with 11 shows in Japan from late May to early July. The tour started on May 30, 2014 at Nippon Gaishi Hall and finished with four final shows at Yoyogi National Gymnasium on July 3, 4, 5 and 6, 2014.
The DVD peaked at No. 3 on the weekly Oricon DVD Chart, while the Blu-ray reached No. 11.

## Release

The concert was released in two formats: a standard DVD version and the Blu-ray version. It includes first-time performances of songs from her 15th studio album Colours.

## Track list

Track list taken from Avex.
* "Whatever"
* "Last angel"
* "Magical Night"
* "Decision"
* "Never Ever"
* "Because of You"
* "What is Forever Love"
* "Starry Night"
* "To Be"
* "Hello New Me"
* "circus"
* "Adagio for A"
* "Angel"
* "DJ Time"
* "Terminal"
* "Connected"
* "Step You"
* "Xoxo"
* "Jump!"
* "Lelio"
* "You & Me"
* "Bold & Delicious"
* "Now & 4Eva"
* "Boys & Girls"
* "July 1st"
* "Feel the Love"

## Charts

| Release | Chart | Peak position |
| October 22, 2014 | Oricon DVD Chart (General) | 3 |
| October 22, 2014 | Oricon Blu-ray Chart (General) | 11 |
# Preservation Island

Preservation Island is a low and undulating granite and calcarenite island, with an area of 207 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Preservation Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait south-west of Cape Barren Island in the Furneaux Group, and is an important historic site.

## History

Preservation Island was named following the grounding deliberately of the merchant ship Sydney Cove there in February 1797, predating the discovery of Bass Strait by George Bass and Matthew Flinders in 1798. Subsequently, the island was a base for sealers exploiting fur seals and southern elephant seals during the early-to-mid-19th century and was the permanent home of sealer James Munro and several Tasmanian Aboriginal women and mixed race children until his death there in 1845. During that period and afterwards, the island has been used for grazing goats and cattle.
In 2016, using a previously unknown Saccharomyces strain of yeast isolated from a beer bottle recovered from the wreck of Sydney Cove wreck, a beer called Preservation Ale, similar to Trappist Ale, has been brewed in name of the island.

## Flora and fauna

Nearly two centuries of grazing livestock, as well as frequent fires and consequent wind erosion, have severely modified the natural plant communities. The northern section of the island is infested with African boxthorn, with much of the rest covered by Poa and Stipa grassland.
Recorded breeding seabird and wader species include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher. Brown quail also breed there. Land degradation by stock grazing has reduced numbers of burrowing seabirds. Reptiles present include the eastern blue-tongued lizard, tiger snake and white-lipped snake.
Other islands in the Preservation Group with breeding seabirds include the Night Island, the Preservation Islets, and the Rum Island.
# Vernonia arkansana

Vernonia arkansana (also known as Arkansas ironweed and great ironweed) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in south-central United States. The plant is 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) high and 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) wide. The flowers bloom from August to September and are pink-purple coloured. The cultivar 'Mammuth' is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Ecology

The plant is pollinated by various insects such as bees, butterflies, and skippers. The same fauna representatives also collect nectar. Bees like Melissodes vernoniae are frequent visitors to Vernonia plants in general. Another special guest the species attracts is Aphis vernoniae, an aphid that prefers to suck on juice of the species. Various caterpillars of moths also enjoy the feeding. Birds on the other hand, don't feed on it, due to hard seeds, and small amount of pollen left (for hummingbirds). Herbevorian mammals also avoid the plant due to the bitterness of its foliage.