OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matugga–Kapeeka Road

Matugga–Kapeeka Road is a road in central Uganda, connecting the towns of Matugga in Wakiso District and Kapeeka in Nakaseke District.

## Location

The road goes through Gombe in Wakiso District, Kirolo and Semuto in Nakaseke District, a total distance of approximately 42.5 kilometres (26.4 mi), from end to end. The coordinates of the road near Semuto are 0°37'33.0"N, 32°19'13.0"E (Latitude:0.625833; Longitude:32.320278).

## Overview

Prior to 2009, the road had a gravel surface. In 2008, the government of Uganda began to upgrade the road from gravel to bitumen at an estimated cost of US$20 million. 65 percent of the funding was provided by the government while 35 percent was provided by the Nordic Development Fund. The work was carried out by the Chongqing International Construction Corporation. COWI A/S, a Danish consultancy firm, supervised the work. Construction was completed in the second half of 2010. It was reported in October 2010 that completion would occur as planned, in December 2010.
# Samphire (disambiguation)

Samphire is a name given to several unrelated, edible plants that grow in coastal areas.
Samphire may also refer to:
* Samphire Hoe, Kent, England
* Samphire Island, Tasmania, Australia
* HMS Samphire (K128), a ship
# Pomme de Terre Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Pomme de Terre Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 165 at the 2000 census.

## Etymology

The name Pomme de Terre is French and is transliterated "apple of the earth," which usually refers to the potato. In this case, however, it refers to the prairie turnip (Psoralea esculenta), a potato-like root vegetable which was commonly eaten by the Sioux.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.0 km$^2$), of which 34.1 square miles (88.3 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$) (5.04%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 165 people, 59 households, and 49 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.8 people per square mile (1.9/km$^2$). There were 76 housing units at an average density of 2.2/sq mi (0.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.
There were 59 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.4% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.3% were non-families. 11.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $21,964 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,792. About 4.9% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Newport (North Yorkshire) railway station

Newport railway station served the suburb of Newport in Middlesbrough, Borough of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England from 1830 to 1915 on the Middlesbrough branch of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 27 December 1830 by the Stockton and Darlington Railway. It closed on 8 August 1915, although it continued to be used for excursions in 1932 and 1956.
# Periostitis

Periostitis, also known as periostalgia, is a medical condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds bone. The condition is generally chronic and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and pain.

## Causes

Acute periostitis is due to infection, characterized by diffuse formation of pus, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. It can be caused by excessive physical activity as well, as in the case of medial tibial stress syndrome (also referred to as tibial periostalgia, soleus periostalgia, or shin splints). Congenital infection with syphilis can also cause periostitis in newborn infants. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy can also cause periostitis.

## History

Evidence for periostitis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Periostitis has been seen in the late Cretaceous-Eocene crocodile Borealosuchus formidabilis, once known as Leidyosuchus. In one study, periostitis was the most common pathology in this species, with 134 instances of the condition out of 7,154 bones the scientists examined showing evidence for the condition. Periostitis has also been documented in dinosaurs, including a forelimb referred to as the long-necked Camarasaurus grandis, as well as the shoulder blade of a horned dinosaur.
# Peter Cuddon (fl. 1372–1390)

Peter Cuddon (fl. 1372–1390), of Dunwich, Suffolk, was an English member of Parliament.

## Family

His sons were Peter Cuddon and Robert Cuddon, both MPs for Dunwich.

## Career

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Dunwich in 1372, 1373, February 1383, April 1384, 1386, September 1388 and January 1390.
# Bacha Khan Poverty Alleviation Programme

Bacha Khan Poverty Alleviation Programme (BKPAP), named after Khudai-e-Khidmatgar movement leader, Bacha Khan, was a public-private venture sponsored by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government, and executed by the Sarhad Rural Support Programme (SRSP), in the selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Major components of the poverty alleviation programme included executing community-based uplift projects, social mobilisation, skill development and cash grants to a selected segment of the target areas. Implementation of a health insurance scheme in the target districts was also part of the programme.
# Aenhenrya

Aenhenrya is a monotypic genus of terrestrial orchids that spread by means of underground rhizomes. Only one species is known, Aenhenrya rotundifolia, a very rare plant and endemic to southern India (within Kerala and Tamil Nadu).
The genus name of Aenhenrya is in honour of Ambrose Nathaniel Henry (b. 1936), Indian botanist with a focus on the flora of Southern India. The Latin specific epithet of rotundifolia is Latin for round-leaved. It was first described and published in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol.90 on page 270 (1993, published in 1994). Then the species was first published in Novon Vol.7 on page 81 in 1997.
The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.
# Macairea

Macairea are a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to South America. They are shrubs with terete branches, and have four petals per flower.

## Species

Currently accepted species include:
* Macairea axilliflora Wurdack
* Macairea cardonae Wurdack
* Macairea chimantensis Wurdack
* Macairea cuieirasii S.S.Renner
* Macairea duidae Gleason
* Macairea lanata Gleason
* Macairea lasiophylla (Benth.) Wurdack
* Macairea linearis Gleason
* Macairea maroana Wurdack
* Macairea multinervia Benth.
* Macairea neblinae Wurdack
* Macairea pachyphylla Benth.
* Macairea parvifolia Benth.
* Macairea philipsonii S.S.Renner
* Macairea radula DC.
* Macairea rigida Benth.
* Macairea rotundifolia Cogn. & Hoehne
* Macairea rufescens DC.
* Macairea spruceana O.Berg ex Triana
* Macairea stylosa Triana
* Macairea sulcata Triana
* Macairea theresiae Cogn.
* Macairea thyrsiflora DC.
# Nocloa rivulosa

Nocloa rivulosa is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Nocloa rivulosa is 9794.
# Winblad

Winblad or Vinblad is the Swedish and Danish word for "wine leaf" or grape leaf.

## People

* Frideborg Winblad (1869–1964), Swedish educator
* Ann Winblad (born 1950), American software executive
* Anton Julius Winblad (1828-1901), music director for Ytterlännäs
* Janice Ann Winblad (1935-1996), Nebraska Supreme Court case

## In fiction

* Ulla Winblad, fictional character
# Pond (currency)

The pond was a currency unit issued in the Orange Free State and the South African Republic. It was prepared for, but not issued, in New Griqualand.
The word pond is Afrikaans for the word "pound". In fact, the South African pound banknotes of the South African Reserve Bank have the word "Pond" inscribed, as do the banknotes of South West Africa that were issued between the 1930s and 1959.
# Brian Roehrkasse

Brian J. Roehrkasse (born September 21, 1973) is a former government official who served as Director of Public Affairs for the United States Department of Justice during the last two years of the George W. Bush Administration (2007–2009).

## Biography

Roehrkasse is from Urbandale, Iowa. He was on the campaign staff for George W. Bush in 2000. From 2001 to 2002, Roehrkasse served in the Office of Public Affairs at the Department of Transportation. In 2002, he moved to the then newly created Department of Homeland Security where he served as press secretary. While at the Department of Homeland Security he was responsible for communicating sensitive intelligence and threat information to the press during several heightened periods of threat.
After serving as Deputy Director of Public Affairs at the Department of Jusctice during the dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy, he was promoted to director in 2007. While at the Department of Justice, he served as a communications strategist during the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization, the modernization of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and other significant national security and counterterrorism laws that remain in place under the Obama Administration. He also served as a spokesperson for the Department on litigation concerning detainees suspected of engaging in terrorism.
In 2013, Roehrkasse was a signatory to an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Supreme Court in support of same-sex marriage during the Hollingsworth v. Perry case. Prior to working in Washington, Roehrkasse lived in San Diego and worked in the San Diego office of Porter Novelli. He graduated from Colorado State University in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in journalism.
# Peter Chernobrivets

Peter Anatolievich Chernobrivets (Russian: Пётр Анато́льевич Чернобри́вец, born on 24 August 1965 in Leningrad, USSR) is a Russian musicologist, composer and lecturer.

## Biography

Chernobrivets was born in Leningrad in 1965. Chernobrivets is an author of compositions for a piano, instrumental company, and a chamber orchestra that have been performed in well-known concert halls of Saint Petersburg and other cities of Russia. In April 2015 and April 2016, two author's concerts called “Dialogue of musical temperaments. Compositions in traditional and non-traditional musical tuning” took place on the new stage of The Mariinsky Theatre. At present, he is an assistant professor of the Department of musical theory of The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory teaching the courses of harmony and musical aesthetics.

## Main scientific publications
### Monograph

* Chernobrivets, Peter. Basics of musical aesthetics. Saint Petersburg, 2014. [In Russian].

### Large-size articles

* Chernobrivets, Peter. Some principles of textural development in instrumental compositions by Handel. Problems of the texture. Collection of papers. Saint Petersburg, 1992, p. 113-127. [In Russian].
* Chernobrivets, Peter. Melody as a function. Musiqi dünyasi. 4/49. 2011. P. 10–21
* Chernobrivets, Peter. The knight of the counterpoint (in memory of O. Kolovskiy). Our teachers. Collection of memoirs of the teachers of the Department of musical theory of the Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Conservatory. Saint Petersburg, 2006. P. 23–31.
# Odostomia sordida

Odostomia sordida is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Aengus Finucane

Aengus Finucane (26 April 1932 – 6 October 2009) was a Roman Catholic missionary of the Spiritan Fathers order, who organized food shipments from Ireland to the Igbo people during the Nigerian Civil War. His younger brother Jack Finucane also became a Holy Ghost priest, and a sister of theirs became a nun.

## Biography
### Early life

Finucane was born on 26 April 1932, in the city of Limerick, Ireland. He was educated by the Congregation of Christian Brothers until 1950. He joined the Holy Ghost Fathers in Kimmage Manor, and studied Philosophy, Theology and Education in University College Dublin. He was ordained, in Clonliffe College, in 1958.

### Career

Finucane contributed humanitarian aid during the Nigerian Civil War (also known as the "Nigerian-Biafran War"), from 1967-1970. The Nigerian government had blocked food supplies to the successionist state of Biafra causing starvation in the country. This was reported on international television stations and received worldwide condemnation.
In an effort to save the population from starvation, Finucane organized food to be sent through makeshift airstrips, including one at Uli, Bafaria, and cargo trips with other Dublin-based workers. This led to the formation of the organisation Concern Worldwide in 1968. Finucane worked with Concern for 41 years and viewed his mission as "love in action".
Finucane was banished from Nigeria in January 1970. Following this, he gained a diploma in development studies and a Masters of Arts degree in Third World poverty studies from the Swansea University. In 1971, he was again giving food supplies to the population during the operations which were ongoing in Bangladesh and flew often with Mother Teresa during the drop-offs.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) invited Finucane to lead a survey of people displaced in Southeast Asia. During the 1980s and 1990s Finucane led aid agency Concern Worldwide, becoming involved in the response to famine in Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and Rwanda. While in Somalia, he was in a convoy that was attacked which resulted in the death of nurse Valerie Place.

### Published biography

Finucane's biography, Aengus Finucane: In the Heart of Concern, written by Deirdre Purcell was published by New Island Books in January 2015.

## Death

Finucane died of cancer on 6 October 2009 in a Dublin Spiritan Fathers' nursing home in Kimmage Manor at the age of 77. His funeral was held at the Church of the Holy Spirit, Kimmage and was attended by hundreds. The Minister for Foreign Affairs, Micheál Martin and Minister for Overseas Development, Peter Power dubbed him as a "tireless force for good across the globe for more than four decades". Finucane is buried at Dardistown Cemetery, in the Spiritan plot.
# Maccabi Düsseldorf

Maccabi Düsseldorf was a German association football club based in the city of Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia.

## History

The club was founded in 1923.
The rise to power in Germany of the Nazis in the early 30s led to discrimination against Jews and by 1933 Jewish teams were excluded from general competition and limited to play in separate leagues or tournaments. In 1938 Jewish teams were banned outright as discrimination turned to persecution.
In the aftermath of World War II Jewish sports and cultural associations eventually re-emerged in Germany with Maccabi Düsseldorf leading the way with its re-establishment in 1965. Through the 70s and 80s the club grew to include departments for basketball, gymnastics, and table tennis.
At the season 2023/24, the club was playing in Kresiliga C.
# Matthew Mwendapole

Matthew R. Mwendapole was a Northern Rhodesian trade union leader.

## Biography

In 1946 Mwendapole was transferred to the Copperbelt as a secondary teacher. Despite never having worked in the mining industry he was elected Secretary of the Nchanga branch of the African Mineworkers' Union (AMWU). Mwendapole was more militant than the President of the union, Lawrence Katilungu, and was prominent in the internal union opposition to his leadership. In 1954 Mwendapole led the Nchanga miners out on strike in sympathy with the African General Workers' Union, in defiance of direct instructions from Katilungu not to stop work.
In 1956, following an extended period of strikes, the Northern Rhodesian government declared a State of Emergency on the Copperbelt and immediately arrested a large number of AMWU leaders, including Mwendapole. Following his release from detention Mwendapole was re-employed by the union as head office clerk, but was barred from visiting any of the mine townships by the mining companies.
Mwendapole was briefly mentioned in the British Parliament in 1957. The Labour MP John Stonehouse asked why Mwendapole had been refused a passport. The Conservative MP Alan Lennox-Boyd, Secretary of State for the Colonies, replied that he had not applied for one.
He contested the October 1962 general elections as the United National Independence Party candidate in Chambeshi, but failed to be elected to the Legislative Council. He then contested a by-election in Luapula in December 1962, but was again unsuccessful.
# Nocloa duplicatus

Nocloa duplicatus is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths).
The MONA or Hodges number for Nocloa duplicatus is 9801.
# Sam Parsonson

Sam Parsonson (born 1989) is an Australian actor. He made his television debut at the age of 15 in the critically acclaimed Australian drama series Love My Way for two seasons. His performance in the role of Dylan earned him a nomination for a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Young Talent in 2007.. He went on to appear in the channel 7 drama 'Headland'. His other television credits include All Saints and children's television series Double Trouble.
Sam has also accrued a list of theatre credits from a young age, including Summer Rain, Shakespeare Unleashed and Duologue from Titus and Andronicus for the Shakespeare Festival.
In 2008, Sam completed filming Steven Spielberg's US mini-series The Pacific. The 10-part tells the intertwined stories of three Marines during America's battle with the Japanese in the Pacific during World War II.
Sam also stars in the Australian 2009 horror/thriller film Coffin Rock, starring as Evan, alongside actors such as Lisa Chappell and Robert Taylor.

## Filmography

* Coffin Rock (2009) as Evan
* Gallipoli (2015) as Dave Klein
* 1% (2017)
* Birdie (2018)
* Danger Close: The Battle of Long Tan (2019 – post-production) as Second Lieutenant David Sabben
* Hacksaw Ridge (2016) as 96th Soldier Bob
* Fear Below (2024) as Frank Sturgess

## Television

* headLand (2005) as Nathan
* All Saints (2006) as Luke Harrison (One episode)
* Love My Way (2007) as Dylan
* Double Trouble (2008) as Max
* My Place (2009) as Jeff (One episode)
* The Pacific (2010) as Lapointe
* Terra Nova (2011) as Hunter Boyce
* Gallipoli (2015) as Dave Klein
# Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate)

Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (variously abbreviated PPFPA, PolyPFPA, PPfpA, or PolyPfpA) is a highly fluorinated polymer. It features the pentafluorophenyl ester functionality, from which its properties and applications result. It is most commonly used in post-polymerization modification to synthesize functional polyacrylamides or polyacrylates. As such, it is advantageous to poly(N-acryloyl succinimide) due to its broader solubility in organic solvents as well as its higher stability towards hydrolysis.

## Synthesis

Commonly poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) is synthesized by free radical polymerization of the monomer pentafluorophenyl acrylate.
    Synthesis of PPFPA
Additionally, pentafluorophenyl acrylate can be successfully polymerized by RAFT polymerization yield homopolymers, copolymers, or block copolymers.
It has been shown that poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) can also be prepared by pulsed plasma deposition.

## Chemical properties
### Reactivity

Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) is a polymeric active ester and hence features an inherent reactivity towards nucleophiles such as amines. It is therefore used in the preparation of polyacrylamides by reacting it with amines.
    Post-polymerization modification of PPFPA
Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) can also be used in a transesterification by reacting it with alcohols when auxiliary DMAP and DMF are used, allowing for the synthesis of polyacrylate homopolymers and copolymers.
    Transesterification of PPFPA

### Low refractive index polymers

Polymers are known for featuring low refractive indices typically in the range from 1.3 to 1.8, with fluorinated polymers exhibiting refractive indices in the range from 1.3 to 1.4. As such, poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) has been explored as a crosslinkable cladding for optical fibers when copolymerized with glycidyl methacrylate.

## Applications

Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) finds application in the synthesis of functional polymers by post-polymerization modification. Applications of the resulting polyacrylamides can be found in drug delivery, functional surfaces, and nanoparticles.
# Brian Rogers

Brian Rogers may refer to:
* Brian Rogers (baseball) (born 1982), relief pitcher in Major League Baseball
* Brian Rogers (fighter) (born 1984), American mixed martial arts fighter
* Brian D. Rogers (born 1950), chancellor of the University of Alaska Fairbanks
* Brian Rogers (academic), psychologist and academic
* Brian Rogers, drummer for American reggae band The Toyes
* The Brian Rogers Connection, in-house dance troupe on the UK television series 3-2-1
* Brian Rogers (Home and Away), fictional character from Australian soap opera Home and Away
* Brian Rogers, guitarist for American indie rock bands Self and Fluid Ounces
# Nicholas K. Lory

Nicholas K. Lory (born 29 March 1989) is a British film producer and cinematographer. He won an African Movie Academy Award and a Screen Nation Award for the 2016 film The Cursed Ones.
Nicholas K. Lory is the co-founder of Zissou Pictures Ltd. where he works as a producer.

## Early life

Nicholas K. Lory was born on 29 March 1989 in Oxford, England. He studied Philosophy and Psychology at Durham University and Social Anthropology at University of Oxford.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| 2016 | 12th Africa Movie Academy Awards | Best Film | The Cursed Ones | Nominated |
| 2016 | 12th Africa Movie Academy Awards | Best Cinematography | The Cursed Ones | Won |
| 2016 | Golden Movie Awards | Overall Golden Movie | The Cursed Ones | Won |
| 2016 | Golden Movie Awards | Golden Cinematography | The Cursed Ones | Nominated |
| 2016 | Screen Nation Film and Television Awards | Favourite UK African Movie | The Cursed Ones | Won |
| 2016 | Canada International Film Festival | Award of Excellence for a Foreign Film | The Cursed Ones | Won |
| 2015 | Ghana Movie Awards | Best Cinematography | The Cursed Ones | Nominated |
| 2015 | Ghana Movie Awards | Best Film | The Cursed Ones | Nominated |

## Publications

Nicholas K. Lory is the author of the book On the accusation of negativity in Nietzsche’s ethics: A refutation (2012).