OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lamella (mycology)

In mycology, a lamella (pl.: lamellae), or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, Lactarius species typically seep latex from their gills.
It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gills is that it is the most effective means of increasing the ratio of surface area to mass, which increases the potential for spore production and dispersal.
Other groups of fungi to bear gills include:
* The genera Russula and Lactarius of the Russulales.
* Several genera in the Boletales, including Gomphidius and Chroogomphus as well as Tapinella atrotomentosa (which has been traditionally named Paxillus atrotomentosus) and other species in that genus, the False chanterelle (Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca).
* Such polypore-like fungi such as daedaleopsis confragosa, Lenzites betulina and Gloeophyllum sepiarium.
Members of the two related genera of chanterelles, Cantharellus and Craterellus, have rudimentary lamellar structures which are sometimes referred to as "false gills". They are distinguished from "true gills" because the structure of the fertile surface ("hymenium") continues uninterrupted over the gill edge, so they are little more than folds, wrinkles or veins. The genus Gomphus also has false gills. These primitive lamellae indicate how the evolution towards true gills probably happened.
Lamellula (pl.: lamellulae) are partial gills that do not reach the stipe.

## Classification

Morphologically, gills are classified according to their attachment to the stipe:
* Adnate
* Adnexed
* Decurrent
* Emarginate
* Free
* Seceding
* Sinuate
* Subdecurrent
# Parenting time

Parenting time is the amount of time each parent spends with their children when parents separate. Disagreements about how to measure it and how to divide it often cause controversy between the parents.

## United Kingdom

For child maintenance purposes, for example, the Child Support Agency and their successor, the Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission (CMEC) define parenting time in terms of the number of nights that the children stay with each parent. Thus the primary carer receives a reduced child maintenance calculation if the secondary carer has more than 52 nights/year contract with his children. This could be considered as unfair to those secondary carers who provide significant day-time care of the children but are unable to provide overnight accommodation owing to the unsuitability of their property.
Fathers' rights movement argue that this indirectly discriminates against fathers, as they are more likely to have moved out of the former matrimonial home and less able to obtain social housing suitable for the children to stay. This is part of the winner takes all (benefits) situation and arguably not in the children's best interests.
# Parsonage Colliery

Parsonage Colliery was a coal mine operating on the Lancashire Coalfield in Leigh, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. The colliery, close to the centre of Leigh and the Bolton and Leigh Railway was sunk between 1913 and 1920 by the Wigan Coal and Iron Company and the first coal was wound to the surface in 1921. For many years its shafts to the Arley mine were the deepest in the country. The pit was close to the town centre and large pillars of coal were left under the parish church and the town's large cotton mills.

## History

Parsonage's two shafts were sunk to the Arley mine at 999 yards (913 m) and the depth including the sump was 1,008 yards (922 m) yards. They were 21 feet (6.4 m) in diameter and lined with brick. Sinking began in 1913 but was halted for two years in early 1914 because of the war. The colliery's winding houses were made of reinforced concrete and its headgear was 88 feet (27 m) tall with 18 feet (5.5 m) diameter pulley wheels. Markhams of Chesterfield supplied a winding engine with 40 inch diameter cylinders for the downcast shaft and W & J Galloway & Sons supplied the engine for the upcast shaft. Steam power was supplied by 12 Lancashire boilers. Walkers of Wigan supplied the 28 feet (8.5 m) diameter ventilation fan and engine. Ventilation was important; the temperature where the workings reached 4,500 feet (1,400 m) was 118 °F (48 °C).
In 1923 Parsonage Nos. 1 & 2 pits employed 85 underground and 75 surface workers. but by 1933 this had risen to 1,261 underground and 287 on the surface. From 1,044 tons of coal in 1921, output increased to 252,188 tons in 1925. The General Strike of 1926 closed the pit for 31 weeks and 172,787 tons were produced and by 1930 output was 325,000 tons. The coal was produced from four seams providing best quality house coal. It was sorted at the pithead at three sets of screens, one set 70 feet (21 m)long by 7 feet (2.1 m) wide could process 1,250 tons in seven hours.
The colliery became part of the National Coal Board in 1947 and subsequently it was linked underground to Golborne and Bickershaw collieries. It closed in early 1992 and the shaft was filled in with limestone mined in Carnforth, Lancashire then capped with a thick concrete plug. A supermarket was built on the site shortly after. In 2012 the first phase of the Parsonage Retail Park was opened on the site.
# Langenwerder

Langenwerder is a small uninhabited island near the island Poel north of Gollwitz, a district of the municipality of Poel island.
It is approximately 800 metres long, 500 metres wide, and flat.
The island is a nature reserve, due to the birds that live there, and therefore access to the island is not usually allowed.
# Lead (engineering)

Lead is the axial advance of a helix or screw during one complete turn (360°) The lead for a screw thread is the axial travel for a single revolution.
Pitch is defined as the axial distance between adjacent threads on a helix or screw. In most screws, called "single start" screws, which have a single helical thread along their length, the lead and pitch are equal. They only differ in "multiple start" screws, which have several intertwined threads. In these screws, the lead is equal to the pitch multiplied by the number of "starts".
Lead angle is the angle between the helix and a plane of rotation. It is the complement of the helix angle, and is used for convenience in worms and hobs. It is understood to be at the standard pitch diameter unless otherwise specified.
The lead angle can be expressed as:
    ${\mbox{Lead angle}}=\arctan \left({\frac {l}{\pi d_{m}}}\right)$
where
    l is lead of the helix
    d$_m$ is mean diameter of the helix
In American literature λ is used to notate the Lead Angle. In European literature, Υ (Greek letter gamma) may be used.
# Patagonibelus

Patagonibelus is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.
# Latericius

Latericius may refer to:
* Adetus latericius, species of beetle
* Arenibacter latericius, species of bacteria
# Schoot, Veldhoven

Schoot is a hamlet in the municipality of Veldhoven in the province of North Brabant, the Netherlands. The hamlet is located on a street with the same name. This street is a side street of the Knegselseweg, the road connecting Veldhoven with the village Knegsel. East of Schoot lies the residential area Pegbroeken. West of Schoot flows the small stream the Poelenloop and lies the forest area Oeyenbos.

## History

The name Schoot refers to a high corner of land amidst lowland. In case of the hamlet near Veldhoven, this is probably related to the ridge of geestland located north of the stream Gender.
In the Middle Ages, there used to be a farm in Schoot which was a leasehold estate of the Abbey of Echternach. This farm was some distance away from the other farms in the hamlet and was known under the name Ter Schoot. Its name was first mentioned in a leasehold letter from the year 1446. The books of Echternach list Ludekijn van der Schoet and Jan Jans sJonghen as the oldest owners. The farm received the name Ledige Hoeve in the seventeenth century. Later on there were two houses on this location, which were both demolished in the eighteenth century.
In the nineteenth century the hamlet Schoot consisted of twenty houses. The hamlet became connected with a stone paved road when in 1935 a road made out of clinker brick was constructed between Knegsel and Veldhoven.
# Tatsuo Sasaki (wrestler)

Tatsuo Sasaki (佐々木 竜雄, Sasaki Tatsuo, born 24 September 1942) is a Japanese former wrestler who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics, in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Lotis

Lotis can refer to:
* Lotis (mythology), a nymph in Greek mythology
* Lotis (beetle), a genus of beetles
* Large Optical Test and Integration Site, at the Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company in Sunnyvale, CA
* Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System, an automated telescope for follow-up of gamma ray bursts
* LOTIS committee, the Liberalisation of Trade in Services Committee, a working group within TheCityUK, United Kingdom
* 429 Lotis, a main belt asteroid

## People with the name

* Lotis Key, former Filipino-American professional film and theater actress
* Dennis Lotis (1925–2023), South African-born British singer, actor, and entertainer
# Tristichotrochus consors

Tristichotrochus consors is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 20 mm. The imperforate, rather thin shell has a broadly conical shape with a concave shoulder and a rounded carination. The apex is acute. Overall the shell is a medium brown in color or pale tawny, flamed with deeper color, and articulated on the riblets with dark dots . The shell is sculpted with smooth spiral threads which have light brown and dark brown dashes. The shell is encircled by very many narrow, unequal, subtly granulose or crenulated riblets, as wide or narrower than the interspaces. The 8 whorls are separated by a not profound suture. They are margined, and acutely angled in the middle. The body whorl is wide, furnished with another angle on the base. The base is convex, and multi-lirate. The umbilicus is closed and is a bone to ivory color, and the interior is brightly nacreous. The aperture is rhomboid-orbicular. The pearly columella is arcuate, bordered outside by a semilunar pit. The throat is obsoletely sulcated, nearly smooth.

## Distribution

Northern Honshu, Japan southwards; Oga Peninsula, Japan Sea; Seto inland sea, Korea. Found at 10 to 100 m on coarse sand and stone.; in the East China Sea.
# Stoliczka

Stoliczka is a genus of Pakistani nursery web spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1885. As of June 2019 it contains only two species, found only in Pakistan: S. affinis and S. insignis.
# Mali at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

Mali participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Competitors

| Sports | Boys | Girls | Total | Events |
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Swimming | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Taekwondo | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 |

## Athletics

| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Issa Sangare | Boys' 100 m | 10.97 | 7 | 10.61 | 10 | 21.58 | 8 |

## Swimming

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ousmane Touré | Boys' 50 m butterfly | 28.32 | 47 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ousmane Touré | Boys' 100 m butterfly | 1:04.02 | 45 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Taekwondo

* Girls' 63 kg
| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Fanta Traoré | Girls' 63 kg | Lucija Domić (CRO) L 8-35 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# University Metro station

University is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the University of Sunderland and suburb of Ashbrooke, City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. It joined the network on 31 March 2002, following the opening of the extension from Pelaw to South Hylton.

## History

The station is located on the alignment of the former Penshaw branch of the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, the line having closed to passengers in May 1964, following the Beeching Axe.
University is the nearest station to the University of Sunderland's City Campus, with the campus located about 300 m (980 ft) north east of the station. The University of Sunderland is also served by the station at St. Peter's – this being the nearest to The Sir Tom Cowie Campus at St. Peter's.
Along with other stations on the line between Fellgate and South Hylton, the station is fitted with vitreous enamel panels designed by artist, Morag Morrison. Each station uses a different arrangement of colours, with strong colours used in platform shelters and ticketing areas, and a more neutral palate for external elements.

## Facilities

Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with ramped access to both platforms at University. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is also fitted with smartcard validators, which feature at all stations across the network.
There is no dedicated car parking available at the station. There is the provision for cycle parking, with six cycle pods available for use.

## Services

As of April 2021, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
# Rubus tuberculatus

Rubus tuberculatus is a bramble found in parts of north west Europe, including Britain and Ireland.

## Description

Rubus tuberculatus is a low arching shrub, with distinctive two toned stems; the sheltered side is green, while the exposed side is matt red. The stem bears abundant prickles, noticeably more than most other Rubi
# Stoličná hora

The Stoličná hora (also Kvádrovec, Kvádrberk, German: Quaderberg) is a table hill near Děčín (Tetschen) in the Bohemian Switzerland in the Czech Republic.

## Location and area

The Stoličná hora rises immediately north of the town of Děčín. The west flank of the hill runs down to the River Elbe, which here at the Stoličná hora enters its deeply incised, narrow valley through the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. To the north, the hill is bounded by the Lauben Gorge in which the Loubsky potok, coming from the direction of Ludvíkovice (Loosdorf), flows down into the Elbe.
On the south side of the hill plateau is an observation point known as the Emperor's View (Kaiseraussicht or Císařský výhled). On the Elbe, below the steep, rocky hillside lies the small village of Loubí (Laube) which is part of Děčín and the extensive facilities of the Elbe port of Loubí. In the Quaderberg Tunnel the Děčín vychod–Děčín-Prostřední Žleb section of the railway line, once part of the former Austrian Northwestern Railway, cuts through the southwest flank of the hill.

## History

The first known treks up the Quaderberg are mentioned as early as 1828. When the hill was made more accessible in 1864 by Leopold Strnad, it was called the Leopold Heights (Leopoldshöhe). In 1870 the first restaurant opened here. The silver wedding of the Austrian emperor and empress in 1879 was the occasion of the erection of a sandstone column on the southern aspect of the hill which was named Emperor's View (Kaiseraussicht). In 1890 the pavilion known as Elbwarte ("Elbe Lookout") was built. A rest stop from 1900 was called the Karolinenfels. After 1945 the restaurant was torn down.

## Views

From the Emperor's View there is a picturesque view over the basin of Děčín as far as the heights of the nearby Central Bohemian Uplands. This is one of the best viewing points in Bohemian Switzerland.

## Ascents

* The red signposted main hiking trail in Bohemian Switzerland runs over the Quaderberg; coming from Děčín and heading over the crest of Rosenkamm to Hřensko (Herrnskretschen).
# University of Canterbury Drama Society

The University of Canterbury Drama Society Inc (DramaSoc) is a student performing-arts club at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. It began in 1921, and enjoyed a reputation as one of New Zealand's leading theatre groups from the 1920s to the 1960s, with notable alumni including Dame Ngaio Marsh and Sam Neill. With the exception of some brief pauses, the club has continued to be the primary non-musical theatre society of the university, and remains active today, with a membership numbering from dozens to hundreds and typically staging at least two or three productions each year.

## History

The Canterbury University College Drama Society began in 1921 under the leadership of Professor Sir James Shelley. It enjoyed a reputation as one of New Zealand's leading theatre groups from the 1920s to the 1960s. The Society was most notably active in the 1942–1969 era under Dame Ngaio Marsh, with critically acclaimed productions (especially of Shakespeare plays) and a 1949 theatre tour of Australia.
The Society was wound up in the early 1990s due to financial difficulties but was resurrected by an ad hoc committee in October and November 1993, and restarted as a full student club in the beginning of 1994. In 2016 DramaSoc experienced a brief pause in events as club leadership faltered, before a new committee was formed at the 2016 AGM. The AGM was controversial, with the new committee consisting of 10 members, 7 of whom had never taken part in a DramaSoc event before that date. The AGM was attended by several prominent members of DramaSoc's sister club, the University Of Canterbury Musical Theatre Society (also known as MUSOC), and was subsequently described as MUSOC's 'hostile takeover' of DramaSoc by several DramaSoc members. Despite that incident, since then the club has experienced much growth and alongside its regular shows it has revived classic events such as 3SOME and A Day 2 Play, as well as started a regular improvisational theatre group, known as Say What?

## Premises and Performance Spaces

The society's traditional home at the Ilam Campus was the Ngaio Marsh Theatre in the University of Canterbury Students' Association building. However, the society also regularly performed in other rooms of the Association building (most notably for its annual festival of student-authored one-act plays called 3SOME), in outdoor theatre settings on campus, the University Theatre in the Christchurch Arts Centre, and in roving street theatre events. However, with the Ngaio Marsh Theatre out of service following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, performances primarily took place in the Jack Mann Auditorium on the College of Education campus. Since 2019, the society has been primarily performing in the new Ngaio Marsh Theatre in the university's Haere Roa Building.
# University of Engineering and Technology, Kala Shah Kaku Campus

The University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus, also known as UET New Campus (formerly UET KSK Campus) is an extension of University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET Lahore) located near the Kala Shah Kaku in Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan. It was inaugurated in 2006 by then President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf. This campus spans over 313 acres. The campus is located at the hub of industries in the region. Industrial organizations such as ICI Power Generation LTD, Halla Enterprises, Mughal Steel, Fecto Belarus Tractors LTD, Dawood Hercules Chemicals LTD, Haseeb Waqas Engineering LTD, Sitara Chemical Industries are located in close proximity of campus and other diverse private sector organizations are located nearby. This gives an ideal environment for the students to benefit from both theoretical and practical aspects of academic programs.

## Departments

The campus has the following academic departments:
* Department of Food Science and Technology
* Department of Energy Engineering (Center for Energy Research and Development, CERAD)
* Department of Management Studies
* Department of Biomedical Engineering
* Department of Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
* Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composites Materials Engineering
* Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering
* Department of Computer Sciences
* Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities
* Department of Software Engineering
* Department of Environmental Science

## Centre for Energy Research and Development

The Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERAD) is an organized research unit at New Campus, aimed at coordinating and promoting energy research, education and solutions to energy issues of Pakistan. It was inaugurated by then chief minister of the Punjab Shehbaz Sharif on 9 February 2013.
# United States Post Office (Douglas, Wyoming)

The Douglas Main Post Office in Douglas, Wyoming, United States, was built in 1909 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Douglas was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.
# Stuifakker

Stuifakker is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Voorne aan Zee, and lies about 8 km northwest of Hellevoetsluis.
The statistical area "Stuifakker", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 600.
# Stoutenburg (disambiguation)

Stoutenburg is a village in the Netherlands.
Stoutenburg or Stoutenburgh may also refer to:

## People

* Adrien Stoutenburg (1916-1982), American poet
* Isaac Stoutenburgh (1739–1799), New York politician

## Other

* Stoutenburgh House, historic house in Pasadena, California
* Bergh–Stoutenburgh House, historic house in Hyde Park, New York
* William Stoutenburgh House, historic house in Hyde Park, New York
# Ru Kuwahata

Ru Kuwahata is a Japanese animator and filmmaker, best known for her stop-motion film, Negative Space for which she received critical acclaim and was co-nominated for an Academy Award nomination for Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film with co-director and husband Max Porter.

## Filmography

* 2017: Negative Space (Short)
* 2016: Perfect Houseguest (Short)
* 2014: Between Times (Short)
* 2010: Something Left, Something Taken (Short)

## Awards and nominations

* Nominated: Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film
# Streater

Streater is a surname of English origin, a variant of Streeter, which is a habitational surname referring to someone who lived on the main street of a village or town, or someone who came from the village of Streat, East Sussex. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eric Streater (born 1964), American football player
* Jimmy Streater (1957–2004), Canadian football player
* John Streater (died 1687), English soldier, political writer and printer
* Ray Streater (born 1936), British physicist and professor
* Robert Streater (1621–1679), English painter and etcher
* Rod Streater (born 1988), American football player