OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pulchrocladia

Pulchrocladia is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed in 2018 by lichenologists Soili Stenroos, Raquel Pino-Bodas, Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, and Teuvo Ahti. The genus name (from the Latin pulchro, meaning "pretty" or "beautiful") refers to "the beautiful morphology of its species".

## Species

* Pulchrocladia corallaizon (F.Wilson ex Filson) S.Stenroos, Pino-Bodas & Ahti (2018)
* Pulchrocladia ferdinandii (Müll.Arg.) S.Stenroos, Pino-Bodas & Ahti (2018)
* Pulchrocladia retipora (Labill.) S.Stenroos, Pino-Bodas & Ahti (2018)
# Still Life with Head-Shaped Vase and Japanese Woodcut

Still Life with Head-Shaped Vase and Japanese Woodcut is an 1889 still life painting by French artist, Paul Gauguin. It is currently in the collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran, Iran.

## History

In 1888 and 1889 Gauguin's enthusiasm for Japanese ukiyo-e woodcuts emerged. Japanese prints appeared in the background of his Apple and Vase painting, his portrait of The Schuffenecker Family and also Still Life with Head-Shaped Vase and Japanese Woodcut, which depicts an ukiyo-e portrait of an actor.
The painting was formerly owned by Josef Rosensaft, a Holocaust survivor who led the community of Jewish displaced persons, who died in September 1975. He left a formidable art collection that had to be sold to settle debts related to the acquisition of the art and by some accounts an extravagant lifestyle. The 1976 sale arranged by Sotheby's was bought in its entirety by the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, where it all remains today and is one of the oldest paintings in the museum's collection. This sale set a record for Still Life with Japanese Woodcut at $1.4 million, and the work is currently valued at $45 million.
During the direction of Mahmoud Shalouithe, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and the Tate Modern in London tried to borrow the painting but the requests were rejected.
# The Soul Clinic

The Soul Clinic is the second album led by saxophonist Hank Crawford featuring performances recorded in 1961 (with one track from 1960) for the Atlantic label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Hank Crawford except as indicated
* "Please Send Me Someone to Love" (Percy Mayfield) - 3:31
* "Easy Living" (Ralph Rainger, Leo Robin) - 5:28
* "Playmates" - 4:22
* "What a Diff'rence a Day Made" (María Grever, Stanley Adams) - 5:31
* "Me and My Baby" (Horace Silver) - 4:22
* "Lorelei's Lament" - 5:37
* "Blue Stone" - 6:03

## Personnel

* Hank Crawford - alto saxophone, piano
* Phillip Guilbeau - trumpet (trumpet solo on "What A Difference A Day Makes")
* John Hunt - trumpet
* David Newman - tenor saxophone
* Leroy Cooper - baritone saxophone
* Edgar Willis - bass
* Bruno Carr - drums
* Milt Turner - drums (on "What A Difference A Day Makes" only)
# Scott Sterling

Scott Sterling may refer to:
* Scott Sterling (golfer) (born 1972), American golfer
* Scott Sterling (fictional), fictional athlete and subject of viral video
* Scott Monroe Sterling, also known as Scott La Rock (1962–1987), American DJ and producer
* Scott Sterling (1980–2013), son of former NBA team owner Donald Sterling
* Scott Sterling (20th century), American professional wrestler and SSW Tag Team Championship winner
# So Many Ways (Ellie Campbell song)

"So Many Ways" is a song by British singer Ellie Campbell. The song was released in August 1999 as the second single from her debut studio album, Ellie (2001). The song peaked at number 26 on the UK Singles Chart, and remains her highest charting single to date.

## Track listing

UK single (0519362)
* "So Many Ways" - 3:17
* "So Many Ways" (Instrumental) - 3:17
* "Just Another Rainy Day" - 3:58

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 86 |
| United Kingdom (Official Charts Company) | 26 |
# Sandford Lyne

Sandford Lyne (March 27, 1945 – February 7, 2007) was an American poet, educator, and editor.

## Edited Publications

* Soft Hay Will Catch You: Poems by Young People (Simon & Schuster, 2004)
* Ten second Rainshowers: Poems by Young People (Simon & Schuster, 1996)

## Books on Writing

* Writing Poetry from the Inside Out (Sourcebooks, 2007)

## Poetry collections

* In The Footsteps of Paradise (Loch Raven Press, 2008)
# Postal codes in Algeria

In Algeria, the postal codes of province capitals are composed of the province code as in ISO 3166-2:DZ and three zeros, for example: 16000 for Algiers, while the postal codes of other cities, towns, and villages in the province are the provincial code followed by three numerals.
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# Nguyễn Khoa Toàn

Nguyễn Khoa Toàn (1898-1965) was a Vietnamese painter. He studied in France and was regarded as a traditionalist. He was noted for his portraits of women of Huế, such as "Thanh minh", “Đường lên lăng”, “Mẹ con”.
# Pulchrocladia corallaizon

Pulchrocladia corallaizon is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first formally described as Cladia corallaizon. The specific epithet corallaizon, modified from Greek, means "ever-living coral". In 2018, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Pulchrocladia.
The lichen makes pale grey to greenish-grey pseudopodetia that are up to 5 cm (2 in) tall. Secondary compounds occurring in the lichen include atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, ursolic acid, and usnic acid. The distribution of Pulchrocladia corallaizon is limited to South Australia and Western Australia.
# Maldwyn Thomas

Sir John Maldwyn Thomas (17 June 1918 – 31 July 2002) was a Welsh businessman and Liberal Party politician.

## Background

Maldwyn Thomas was the son of Daniel and Gwladys Thomas. He was educated at Porth Rhondda Grammar School. In 1975, he married Maureen Elizabeth Thomas. In 1984 he was knighted. In 1999 his wife Maureen received the DBE.

## Professional career

Thomas was a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries, he took first place in South Wales in both his intermediate and final examinations. He was secretary to Lewis & Tylor Ltd, a large industrial concern in Cardiff, from 1940-56. In 1953 he was Called to Bar at Gray's Inn. He worked for Rank Xerox from 1964-1979, as Secretary, Managing Director and finally as Chairman.

## Political career

Thomas was Liberal candidate for the Aberavon division of Glamorgan at the 1950 General Election. It was not a promising seat for the Liberals who had not run a candidate since 1931. He came a third;
General Election 1950: Aberavon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | William George Cove | 29,278 | 68.7 | −3.8 |
| | National Liberal | Auberon M H Y M Herbert | 8,091 | 19.0 | −8.5 |
| | Liberal | John Maldwyn Thomas | 5,263 | 12.4 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21,187 | 49.7 | +4.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,634 | 85.8 | +6.4 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
He did not stand for parliament again. He served as President of the Welsh Liberal Party from 1985–86. He was President of the London Welsh Association and Trust from 1994-2001. He was a Trustee of the London Welsh School.
# The Spore

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Sputnikmusic | |
The Spore is Opiate for the Masses's second full-length album, released on April 26, 2005, by Jim Kaufman's own Voodoo Records. The CD is sold with a Warcon DVD including videos from Opiate for the Masses, Eighteen Visions, Queens of the Stone Age, Drowning Pool, El Pus, Stutterfly and Bleed The Dream. There is also a collection of movie trailers, concert clips, video game teasers and a five-track demo by Shadows Fall.

## Track listing

* "Introduction"
* "Can't Feel"
* "Up To Me"
* "Drown"
* "Clean"
* "Step Up"
* "Intermission"
* "Heaven"
* "Now"
* "Transparency"
* "Dig It Up"
* "Interlude #2"
* "Nothing Left"
* "The End"
# Rehan Poncha

Rehan Jahangir Poncha (born 3 August 1986) is an Indian former swimmer, Olympian, Arjuna Award winner and a six-time national champion, who specialized in backstroke, butterfly, and individual medley events. He is also the recipient of the Eklavya Award from the Karnataka Olympic Association. He is a 6-time Indian swimming champion, and a 6-time record holder in the butterfly (both 100 and 200 m). Poncha also set two of his records in the freestyle and medley relays at the 2009 Asian Swimming Championships in Foshan, China, along with his teammates Sandeep Sejwal, Virdhawal Khade, and Aaron D'Souza.
Poncha qualified for the men's 200 m butterfly at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:01.40 from the Telstra Grand Prix in Sydney, Australia. He edged out Peru's Emmanuel Crescimbeni to take a second spot in heat 1 by 0.24 of a second in 2:01.89. Poncha failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fortieth overall in the preliminaries. He has agreed to be a mentor for Indian Collegiate Athletic Program to support the future athletes and guide them to excel in swimming. He started his own academy known as swim smart with Rehan Poncha
Rehan completed his education in Jain University located in Bangalore.
# Vuknić

Vuknić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вукнић) is a village in the municipality of Istočni Stari Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Potential of mean force

When examining a system computationally one may be interested in knowing how the free energy changes as a function of some inter- or intramolecular coordinate (such as the distance between two atoms or a torsional angle). The free energy surface along the chosen coordinate is referred to as the potential of mean force (PMF). If the system of interest is in a solvent, then the PMF also incorporates the solvent effects.

## General description

The PMF can be obtained in Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulations to examine how a system's energy changes as a function of some specific reaction coordinate parameter. For example, it may examine how the system's energy changes as a function of the distance between two residues, or as a protein is pulled through a lipid bilayer. It can be a geometrical coordinate or a more general energetic (solvent) coordinate. Often PMF simulations are used in conjunction with umbrella sampling, because typically the PMF simulation will fail to adequately sample the system space as it proceeds.

## Mathematical description

The Potential of Mean Force of a system with N particles is by construction the potential that gives the average force over all the configurations of all the n+1...N particles acting on a particle j at any fixed configuration keeping fixed a set of particles 1...n
       $-\nabla _{j}w^{(n)}\,=\,{\frac {\int e^{-\beta V}(-\nabla _{j}V)dq_{n+1}\dots dq_{N}}{\int e^{-\beta V}dq_{n+1}\dots dq_{N}}},~j=1,2,\dots ,n$
Above, $-\nabla _{j}w^{(n)}$ is the averaged force, i.e. "mean force" on particle j. And $w^{(n)}$ is the so-called potential of mean force. For $n=2$, $w^{(2)}(r)$ is the average work needed to bring the two particles from infinite separation to a distance $r$. It is also related to the radial distribution function of the system, $g(r)$, by:
       $g(r)=e^{-\beta w^{(2)}(r)}$

## Application

The potential of mean force $w^{(2)}$ is usually applied in the Boltzmann inversion method as a first guess for the effective pair interaction potential that ought to reproduce the correct radial distribution function in a mesoscopic simulation. Lemkul et al. have used steered molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the potential of mean force to assess the stability of Alzheimer's amyloid protofibrils. Gosai et al. have also used umbrella sampling simulations to show that potential of mean force decreases between thrombin and its aptamer (a protein-ligand complex) under the effect of electrical fields.
# Prune (video game)

Prune is a puzzle video game developed and published by Polyculture in 2015 for iOS, Android, Windows, and Windows Phone. In each of its levels, players shape the growth of a tree to guide it away from hazards and towards light sources. Joel McDonald designed and developed the game, inspired by code to generate trees and a half-fallen tree he had seen with oddly-angled branches. The music was composed by Kyle Preston. Prune received positive reviews for its gameplay and aesthetics, and was Time magazine's game of the year for 2015. It was additionally nominated for categories at the British Academy Games Awards and Game Developers Choice Awards.

## Gameplay

Players aid the growth of a tree. As the tree's growth slows, players must prune branches to continue its growth and guide it toward a light source so it can flower. Along the way, players must avoid hazards, such as buzzsaws and glowing orbs, that damage the tree. Players can skip levels if they dislike them.

## Development

Developer Joel McDonald had previously worked at Raven Software on the Call of Duty and Wolfenstein series. He went independent in 2013 and was inspired to create a game about trees after seeing a friend post a note on Twitter linking to code to recursively generate trees in Unity. Further inspiration came to McDonald when he saw a half-fallen tree with branches sprouting at odd angles. Prune was released for iOS on July 25, for Windows on October 20, for Android on October 22, and for Windows Phone on November 3, 2015.

## Reception

Prune received "universal acclaim" on Metacritic. Eurogamer called it an elegant puzzle game and hoped its release on iOS would encourage further experimental games. TouchArcade praised its gameplay, which said is unique, and called it "simple but beautiful". Pocket Gamer said it is "an awe-inspiring work of digital poetry" and identified meditation as one of its themes. Gamezebo praised its design and gameplay, but they said they experienced many bugs in the iOS version.
Prune was Time magazine's game of the year for 2015 and one of Pocket Gamer's picks for the best iOS apps of 2015. It was nominated for best debut game and best mobile game at the British Academy Games Awards and best mobile game at the Game Developers Choice Awards. It sold 100,000 copies in its first month of release on Apple's App Store.
# Ngakuru

Ngakuru is a rural community in Rotorua Lakes District within the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.

## Demographics

Ngakuru is in three SA1 statistical areas which cover 42.25 km$^2$ (16.31 sq mi). The SA1 areas are part of the Ngakuru statistical area.
The SA1 areas had a population of 303 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 33 people (−9.8%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 39 people (−11.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 114 households, comprising 150 males and 156 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 66 people (21.8%) aged under 15 years, 66 (21.8%) aged 15 to 29, 147 (48.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 30 (9.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 91.1% European/Pākehā, 16.8% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, and 3.0% Asian. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 66.3% had no religion, 24.8% were Christian and 2.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 42 (17.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 30 (12.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 45 people (19.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 135 (57.0%) people were employed full-time, 42 (17.7%) were part-time, and 9 (3.8%) were unemployed.

### Ngakuru statistical area

Ngakuru statistical area covers 446.44 km$^2$ (172.37 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,950 as of June 2023, with a population density of 4.4 people per km$^2$.
Ngakuru had a population of 1,770 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 75 people (4.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 69 people (4.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 639 households, comprising 903 males and 867 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 36.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 393 people (22.2%) aged under 15 years, 366 (20.7%) aged 15 to 29, 837 (47.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 174 (9.8%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 87.8% European/Pākehā, 20.5% Māori, 1.7% Pacific peoples, 2.4% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 13.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.3% had no religion, 31.9% were Christian, 1.9% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Hindu, 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 207 (15.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 228 (16.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $40,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 300 people (21.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 822 (59.7%) people were employed full-time, 249 (18.1%) were part-time, and 30 (2.2%) were unemployed.

## Education

Ngakuru School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 62 as of August 2024. The school was established in 1933.
# Pulaski Township

Pulaski Township may refer to:
* Pulaski Township, Lonoke County, Arkansas, in Lonoke County, Arkansas
* Pulaski Township, Michigan
* Pulaski Township, Morrison County, Minnesota
* Pulaski Township, Walsh County, North Dakota
* Pulaski Township, Williams County, Ohio
* Pulaski Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
* Pulaski Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
# Stingray Djazz

Stingray DJAZZ is a Dutch cultural music channel aimed at the European market which launched as DJAZZ.TV on 22 June 2012. The programming consists of jazz, soul, gospel, blues, and world music, like reggae, tango, and Brazilian music. The productions consist of jazz festivals, jazz concerts, and documentaries. The channel was founded by Rob Overman and Robert Rutten. Since 31 July 2015, the channel has been owned and operated by the Canadian company Stingray Group. In October 2016 it changed its name to Stingray DJAZZ.
# Shelton Hospital

Shelton Hospital was a mental health facility in Shelton, Shropshire, England. The main building survives and it is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The hospital, which was designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt using a corridor layout, opened as the Shropshire and Wenlock Borough Lunatic Asylum in March 1845. It was built on 15 acres of land belonging to St Julian's church, Shrewsbury, and purchased at a cost of £2,029.18. 7d. Built in Tudor style of brick with stone dressings, the 60 patients were segregated, male and female. This also included the staff (nursing attendants) entering from separate entrances and appears to conform to the 19th concept of the ideal asylum. A major extension, involving five extra wards, was completed in 1884. It became Salop Mental Hospital in 1921 and saw service as the Copthorne and Shelton Emergency Hospital during the Second World War.
Shortly after reaching its peak population of 1,027 patients in 1947, the facility joined the National Health Service as Shelton Hospital in September 1948.
John Barker was a psychiatrist at the hospital who ran a number of research projects including privately setting up the Premonitions Bureau. On 26 February 1968, tragedy struck the hospital when a fire ripped through a female ward, killing 21 patients. Hospital Fire Regulations throughout the country were outdated, in Shelton's case, they followed those of 1917. Following the fire on Beech Ward, all hospital fire regulations were evaluated and updated.
After the introduction of Care in the Community in the early 1980s, the hospital went into a period of decline and closed in September 2012. The main buildings were subsequently converted into apartments as Leighton Park. Meanwhile, a modern mental health facility known as the Redwoods Centre has been established a little south of the old hospital.
# Scott & White Sleep Disorders Center

Scott & White Sleep Disorders Center is a modern center of research into sleep disorders in Temple, Texas. Its laboratory activity focuses on polysomnography. It holds accreditation from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

## Sources

* Scott & White Sleep Disorders Center website
* Scott & White Memorial Hospital
* Perfect Sleep Infographic
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# Lochiel, Mpumalanga

Lochiel is a small forestry town in Gert Sibande District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It lies near the border with Eswatini.
# Schmerbach (Rauhe Ebrach)

Schmerbach is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It is the right headstream of the Rauhe Ebrach.
# Selenium monochloride

Selenium monochloride or diselenium dichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Se$_2$Cl$_2$. Although a common name for the compound is selenium monochloride, reflecting its empirical formula, IUPAC does not recommend that name, instead preferring the more descriptive diselenium dichloride.
Diselenium dichloride is a reddish-brown, oily liquid that hydrolyses slowly. It exists in chemical equilibrium with SeCl$_2$, SeCl$_4$, chlorine, and elemental selenium. Diselenium dichloride is mainly used as a reagent for the synthesis of Se-containing compounds.

## Structure and properties

Dielenium dichloride has the connectivity Cl−Se−Se−Cl. With a nonplanar structure, it has C$_2$ molecular symmetry, similar to hydrogen peroxide and disulfur dichloride, which is referred to as gauche. The Se-Se bond length is 223 pm, and the Se-Cl bond lengths are 220 pm. The dihedral angle between the Cl$^a$−Se−Se and Se−Se−Cl$^b$ planes is 87°.

## Preparation

Early routes to diselenium dichloride involved chlorination of elemental selenium. An improved method involves the reaction of a mixture of selenium, selenium dioxide, and hydrochloric acid:
    3 Se + SeO$_2$ + 4 HCl → 2 Se$_2$Cl$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O
A dense layer of diselenium dichloride settles from the reaction mixture, which can be purified by dissolving it in fuming sulfuric acid and reprecipitating it with hydrochloric acid. A second method for the synthesis involves the reaction of selenium with oleum and hydrochloric acid:
    2 Se + 2 SO$_3$ + 3 HCl → Se$_2$Cl$_2$ + SO$_2$ + H$_2$O + SO$_2$(OH)Cl
The crude diselenium dichloride is removed via separatory funnel. Diselenium dichloride cannot be distilled without decomposition, even at reduced pressure.
In acetonitrile solutions, it exists in equilibrium with SeCl$_2$ and SeCl$_4$. Selenium dichloride degrades to diselenium dichloride after a few minutes at room temperature:
    3 SeCl$_2$ → Se$_2$Cl$_2$ + SeCl$_4$

## Reactions

Diselenium dichloride is an electrophilic selenizing agent, and thus it reacts with simple alkenes to give bis(β-chloroalkyl)selenide and bis(chloroalkyl)selenium dichloride. It converts hydrazones of hindered ketones into the corresponding selenoketones, the structural analogs of ketones whereby the oxygen atom is replaced with a selenium atom. Finally, the compound has been used to introduce bridging selenium ligands between the metal atoms of some iron and chromium carbonyl complexes.
# Ngala language

Ngala may be:
* Lingala language, a Bantu trade language
* Bangala language, another Bantu trade language, close to Lingala
* Ngala language (Chadic), a Kotoko language
* Ngala language (Sepik), an Ndu language
* Ngala language (Zande), described by Santandrea
* the Ngala dialect of Khumi Chin
* Nga La language