OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mini-TES

The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) is an infrared spectrometer used for detecting the composition of a material (typically rocks) from a distance. By making its measurements in the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has the ability to penetrate through the dust coatings common to the Martian surface which is usually problematic for remote sensing observations. There is one on each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers.

## Development

The Mini-TES was originally developed by Raytheon for the Department of Geological Sciences at Arizona State University. The Mini-TES is a miniaturized version of Raytheon's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES, built by Arizona State University and Raytheon SAS’ Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The MGS TES data helped scientists choose landing sites for the Spirit and Opportunity Mars explorer rovers.

## Martian soil

The Mini-TES is used for identifying promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and to determine the processes that formed Martian rocks. It measures the infrared radiation that the target rock or object emits in 167 different wavelengths, providing information about the target's composition. One particular goal is to search for minerals that were formed by the action of water, such as carbonates and clays. The instrument can also look skyward to provide temperature profiles of the Martian atmosphere and detect the abundance of dust and water vapor.
The instrument is located inside the warm electronics box in the body of the rover - the mirror redirects radiation into the aperture from above. The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived. It was thought that a small potassium bromide (KBr) beamsplitter which was housed in an aluminium fitting would crack due to the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion. This never happened however and the miniTES instrument on both rovers has survived several Martian winters, and the Spirit rover continues to periodically use the Mini-TES for remote sensing. (The miniTES on the Opportunity rover is not currently being used because of accumulated dust on the mirror following the 2007 dust storm).
There are two other types of spectrometers mounted on the rover's arm which provide additional information about the composition when the rover is close enough to touch the object.
Mini-Tes can work with Pancams to analyze surroundings.
The Mini-TES weighs 2.1 kg (4.6 lb) of the total 185 kg (408 lb) for the whole rover.
# Mingo (footballer)

Carles Domingo Pladevall (born 10 June 1977), known as Mingo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left back.
A FC Barcelona youth product, he appeared in 279 Segunda División matches over 11 seasons, mainly with Gimnàstic (five years) and Barcelona B (three). He added in 134 and one goal in La Liga, where he represented the former club and also Sporting de Gijón, Rayo Vallecano, Betis and Albacete.

## Club career

Born in Hostalric, Girona, Catalonia, Mingo began his football career in FC Barcelona's youth system. Playing alongside Albert Celades and Iván de la Peña, he won the 1994 División de Honor and the Copa del Rey Juvenil; already a senior, he spent three seasons with the club's B-team.
Mingo was released in the summer of 1997, moving to Sporting de Gijón and making his La Liga debut that season as the Asturias side were finally relegated. After two seasons he returned to the top flight with Rayo Vallecano, where his good performances attracted attention from Real Betis, with a good first campaign being followed by two subpar ones (in his last year, however, he scored his first goal in the top level, a 2–1 away win against RCD Espanyol on 25 January 2004).
In 2004, Mingo moved to Albacete Balompié, playing one season each in the first and second divisions – in his second year, he was sent off three times. In 2006–07 he returned to his region of birth, signing with Gimnàstic de Tarragona and appearing in 16 league games in a season that ended in top-tier relegation.
Veteran Mingo was regularly used by Nàstic in the following four second division campaigns, featuring in a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 29 league matches. He was released at the end of 2011–12, with the club suffering relegation.

## Honours

Spain U18
* UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1995
# Minuscule 130

Minuscule 130 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 596 (Soden), is a Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. It has some marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels and consists of 229 paper leaves (size 28.4 cm by 21.1 cm), with one lacuna in John 19:12-21:25. The paper is white, and the ink used is black. The content is arranged in two columns per page, with 26 lines on each page, (size of column 20.6 by 6.5 cm), in black ink. The large initial letters in colour and rubricated.
This particular copy is of noteworthy interest due to its presentation of both Latin and Greek texts in parallel columns. The Greek text is positioned in the right column. The content is divided based on the κεφαλαια (chapters), with chapter numbers provided in the margin and recorded in Latin..

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^x$. Aland did not place it to any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method in Luke 1 and Luke 20 it belongs to the textual family K$^x$. In Luke 10 no profile was made.
In Luke 2:38, in the Latin text, it has the reading "Israel" for "Jerusalem".

## History

The scribe was a Latin. The Greek text is often adapted to the Latin one.
The manuscript was examined by Birch about 1782. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 359), at Rome.
# Minyichthys brachyrhinus

Minyichthys brachyrhinus is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae.

## Geography

They can be found in the coastal waters of Indonesia, Sumatra, the Philippines, Fiji, and Hawaii, though little is known about their preferred habitat in these areas.

## Diet

Their diet likely consists of small crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and mysid shrimps.

## Reproduction

Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity in which the males brood eggs before giving live birth.
# Minora Kibbe

Minora Ellis Kibbe (née Minora Ellis) was a social reformer and suffragist from California. She ran for a seat on the San Francisco area school board in 1908, and for California's 36th State Assembly district in 1918.

## Education

Kibbe studied medicine for many years, eventually completing a doctor of medicine degree at Johns Hopkins University.

## Candidacy for office

Kibbe ran for a seat in the California Assembly in 1918. This part of an organized effort by women's rights activists in California to have a woman run for a seat in the Assembly from every district throughout the state.

## Medical career

Kibbe was a practising physician.

## Political activism

Kibbe was a noted California suffragist who frequently lectured on the topic of women's suffrage. In 1904 Kibbe served as the president of the Forty-First District Political Equality Club. She also served on the executive board of the California Equal Suffrage Association. Kibbe attended a number of gatherings where she heard Susan B. Anthony speak including one in San Francisco in 1905. At that gathering she organized with numerous other suffragists including Mary Sperry. In August 1911 she gave a talk in Oakland about the suffrage amendment on the California ballot that year. California suffragist Selina Solomons praised her activism in her book "How We Won the Vote in California."

## Personal life

Kibbe was born in Unionville, Nevada. She was married to George Kibbe, and had a son named George Ellis Kibbe. She lived in Oakland.
# Minorca Halt

Minorca Halt (Manx: Stadd Minorca) is an intermediate stopping place on the northern section of the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man.

## Location

It is situated next to the viaduct of the same name and in typical style of the railway is served only by a corrugated iron hut painted in the familiar colour scheme of green and cream. The hut that stands at this halt was originally erected in about 1900 at Halfway House and later removed to its present location.

## Access

The halt is accessible via a series of steps to the old road below.

## Route

| Preceding station | Manx Electric Railway | Manx Electric Railway | Manx Electric Railway | Following station |
| Dumbell's Rowtowards Derby Castle | | Douglas–Ramsey | | Old Roadtowards Ramsey Station |
54°13′46″N 4°23′46″W﻿ / ﻿54.22944°N 4.39611°W﻿ / 54.22944; -4.39611

## Also

Manx Electric Railway Stations
# Miramar, Distrito Nacional

Miramar is a sector or neighborhood in the city of Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic. This neighborhood is in particular populated by individuals from the upper middle class.

## Sources

* Distrito Nacional sectors
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Minister of Social Development

Minister of Social Development and similar phrases may refer to:
* Minister of Social Development (Canada)
* Minister of Social Development (South Africa)
* Minister for Social Development (New Zealand)
* Minister for Social Development (Koshi Province)
# Mink Lungs

The Mink Lungs were a Brooklyn-area band begun in 1993.
Jennifer Hoopes and Gian Carlo Feleppa met while working at a diner in the Hamptons. Both adoring music and influenced by Michael Siegel and Gert Wilden, the pair began composing and writing music with Gian's half-brother Tim Feleppa. Gian had also studied guitar and composition at the Berklee College of Music. Drummer Tom Galbraith relocated from San Francisco to New York and the band started recording on a four-track recorder, each contributing to the songwriting process. In April 1999, the Mink Lungs performed its first show in New York but were soon performing in famous venues such as Brownies and the Mercury Lounge. Opening slots for Luna and Delta 72 soon followed. Prior to gaining recognition for their dynamic live performances, Mink Lungs were signed to the Arena Rock Recording Co., appearing on the label's This Is Next Year: A Brooklyn-Based Compilation. In 2002, the band released its debut album The Better Button. Often switching vocals and instruments, the group has performed across the United States, including the South By Southwest Festival. Tim Feleppa contributed music to the independent film Sore Losers. Gian Feleppa and Jennifer Hoopes went on to form Emergency Party.
# Minuscule 550

Minuscule 550 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), 537 (Scrivener's numbering), ε 250 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents, with marginalia. It was adapted for liturgical use.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 211 parchment leaves (size 25.3 cm by 19.1 cm). The writing is in one column per page, 33 lines per page, in large and spread minuscule letters.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 240 sections, the last in 16:9), (no references to the Eusebian Canons).
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Prolegomena (added by a later hand), tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, liturgical books with hagiographies (Synaxarion and Menologion), subscriptions at the end of each Gospel with numbers of στιχοι, and marginal notes.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden included it to the textual family K$^x$. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents K$^x$ in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

## History

In 1609 the manuscript belonged to Gerasimus. It was held in the Karakalou monastery at Athos peninsula. In 1837 Robert Curzon, Lord Zouche, brought this manuscript to England (along with the codices 547-551). The entire collection of Curzon was bequeathed by his daughter in 1917 to the British Museum, where it had been deposited, by his son, since 1876.
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscript by F. H. A. Scrivener (536) and C. R. Gregory (549). It was examined by Scrivener, Dean Burgon, and Gregory.
It is currently housed at the British Library (Add MS 39593) in London.
# Mir-101 microRNA precursor family

miR-101 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. Expression of miR-101 has been validated in both human (MI0000103, MI0000739) and mouse (MI0000148). This microRNA appears to be specific to the vertebrates and has now been predicted or confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000046). The precursor microRNA is a stem-loop structure of about 70 nucleotides in length that is processed by the Dicer enzyme to form the 21-24 nucleotide mature microRNA. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of the hairpin.
Survival analysis shows that hsa-miR-101 is associated with survival in multiple breast cancer datasets.
# Miskeen Emmanuel

Miskeen Emmanuel is a South Sudanese footballer who currently plays as a defender.

## International career

He made three senior appearances for South Sudan against Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda in the 2012 CECAFA Cup. He received a yellow card against Uganda.
# Mipus tortuosus

Mipus tortuosus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Mirzwas

Mirzwas, is a village in the Laxmangarh administrative region of the Sikar district of Rajasthan state in India. The village lies 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Laxmangarh and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Nawalgarh. The borders villages including Bidsar, Bidasar, Kheri Radan, Dundlod, and Sankhu .

## History

Pre-Indian Independence Before independence, the village was inhabited by Jats.

## Village government

Mirzwas falls under BidaserPanchayat. The title of leader is Sarpanch, The panchayat has chosen ward members by the people through polling.
# Misheck Chidzambwa

Misheck Chidzambwa (née Marimo; 1954/1955 – 24 June 2021) was a Zimbabwean football player and manager.

## Early and personal life

His older brother Sunday was also a footballer. Their original surname was Marimo.

## Playing career

Chidzambwa played as a defender for Dynamos. He served as captain of the national team, captaining them to the Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup in 1985. He combined his football career with working for the police. He retired in 1987 due to injury.

## Coaching career

Chidzambwa was on Clemens Westerhof's coaching staff when he was manager of the Zimbabwe national team. He succeeded Westerhof as manager in 2000, winning the Cosafa Cup. He also managed club sides Tanganda, Chapungu United, Sporting Lions and Blue Ribbon. With Tanganda he won the Castle Cup in 1993. He was fired by Blue Ribbon in 2011, and left football. In February 2017 he said he wanted to return to football. Later that year he returned to coaching at Universals, also occasionally playing for the club.

## Later life and death

He died on 24 June 2021, aged 66. He had been unwell since May 2020.
# Miyanku

Miyanku (also, Mean’ku and Mianku) is a village and municipality in the Masally Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,278.
# Mocis repanda

Mocis repanda, the striped grass looper, is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. It is found in Central America and the Caribbean, including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Saint Thomas. Strays can be found in the United States, up to southern Texas as well as subtropical Africa south of the Sahara, including the islands of the Indian Ocean.
The larvae feed on various grasses, including Cenchrus viridis, Trichlons pluriflora, Eriochloa punctata, Leptochloa walleye and Panica fasciculata. It is considered a pest on corn, sugarcane and Bermuda grass.
It has a wingspan of about 40 millimetres (1.6 in).
# Mocis paraguayica

Mocis paraguayica is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Paraguay.
# Mod gzip

mod_gzip is an external extension module for the Apache HTTP Server v1 and v2.
It allows using the Gzip compression method for a significant reduction of the volume of web page content served over the HTTP protocol.
mod_gzip can be compiled into Apache as either a static or dynamic module.

## Compatibility

It is possible to check a server to see if it is sending out compressed data, and compression compatibility of a browser for example here.
When textual content is compressed using mod_gzip, it should maintain its MIME-type, according to their recommended media type:
* HTML: text/html
* XHTML: application/xhtml+xml
* CSS: text/css
* JavaScript: application/x-javascript
One of the earliest Apache 1.3 versions introduced some internal function for regular expression evaluation. This function is used by mod_gzip (for evaluating the filter rules), therefore mod_gzip would not work together with Apache 1.2.x or earlier versions.
Compatibility between Apache 1.3.x and mod_gzip 1.3.y is granted in general: the Apache 1.3 API doesn't change any more, mod_gzip would even work together with very old Apache 1.3 versions.

## Some alternatives

The mod_deflate module is similar to mod_gzip, but usable only with Apache v2. Early versions of mod_deflate provided lesser amount of compression than mod_gzip. Starting with Apache 2.0.45, the compression level of mod_deflate is configurable using the DeflateCompressionLevel directive, so this difference disappeared.
A mod_gz module was independently developed by Ian Holsman. This module implements a gzip compression filter for Apache 2.0, providing similar functionality to mod_gzip. One important difference between the two modules is that mod_gzip includes its own gzip implementation, whereas mod_gz relies on an external zlib library.
In PHP similar effect achievable for the output of PHP scripts with:
* the ob_gzhandler and the gzencode functions;
* zlib.output_compression option in the php.ini file.
CherryPy offers the Gzip filter, which uses the zlib module of Python standard library.

## License

The mod_gzip module licensed with Apache License.

## History

Module level content compression for Apache started with mod_gzip, written by Kevin Kiley and Konstantin Balashow in autumn 2000, documented by Michael Schröpl, published by Remote Communications Inc. (RCI). RCI was purchased by HyperSpace Communications, RCI released the code into the public domain.
The developers of the Apache 2.0.x servers have included the mod_deflate module in the codebase for the server to perform a similar GZIP-encoding function. mod_gzip remained external extension module.
# Mogontiacopsitta

Mogontiacopsitta is a genus of prehistoric parrot which existed in Mainz Basin, Germany during the late Oligocene or early Miocene. It was described by Gerald Mayr in 2010, from an incomplete tarsometatarsus. The type species is Mogontiacopsitta miocaena.
# Mogoplistes

Mogoplistes is a genus of African and European crickets which is typical of the family Mogoplistidae and tribe Mogoplistini, erected by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1838. This genus is distributed around the Mediterranean in mainland Europe and North Africa. In 1984, the scaly cricket was moved from here to the new genus Pseudomogoplistes.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Mogoplistes argentatus Bolívar, 1881
* Mogoplistes brunneus Serville, 1838 - type species
* Mogoplistes kinzelbachi Harz, 1976
* Mogoplistes tridentatus Saussure, 1877
# Monmouth New Hydro Scheme

The Monmouth New Hydro Scheme, which incorporates the Osbaston fish pass, is a hydroelectric scheme in Osbaston, near Monmouth, in South-East Wales.

## Description

The scheme produces 670,000 kW hours of electricity per year, which is enough to power 152 homes. It also provides heat for the landowner, Ronald Kear's, home. The scheme is built around two screw turbines. These Archimedes' screws are operating in reverse, with water flowing down, to power generators. An earlier hydroelectric power station had been on the site from 1896 until 1953, which itself was built on the foundations of an even older forge. Alongside the scheme is the Osbaston fish pass, built by the Environment Agency Wales at a cost of £600,000. The fish pass allows river-spawning fish, such as salmon, to access an extra 125 miles of river - something which they had not been able to do since Osbaston Weir was put in place in the 18th century.
The power station was officially opened on 23 September 2009 by the Earl of Wessex. Several months later, in June 2010, local schoolchildren released salmon into the River Monnow at the site of the power station - the salmon were initially reared at their school, Osbaston Primary School, as part of a class project. Once the salmon became fry, they were taken to Cynrig Hatchery, in Brecon. The fish pass is not only used by salmon, but also larger creatures - in June 2010, a camera set up at the site of the fish trap caught footage of an otter swimming through the trap.
# Monodonta australis

Monodonta australis, common name the toothed topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 35 mm. The shell is similar to Monodonta labio, but with rounder whorls, more marked sutures and with lower lirae. It is not granulose. It is tessellated with black and grayish or greenish. The penultimate whorl is subangulate by the prominence of its central rib. The columella is much less strongly dentate than in Monodonta labio, and the notch or canal below it shallow. The basal plicae are less developed than in Monodontia labio.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Africa and in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar, Aldabra and the Mascarene Basin; also off Japan.
# Monographs in Systematic Botany

Monographs in Systematic Botany also known as Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden is a series of monographs relating to the study of systematic botany. It is published by the Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
Monographs in Systematic Botany was established in 1978. By 2010 a total of 120 issues had been published, approximately 15% of which, relating to the flora of Latin America, are published in Spanish.

## Abstracting and indexing

Monographs of Systematic Botany is indexed and abstracted in BioOne.
# Monroe Township, Ringgold County, Iowa

Monroe Township is a township in Ringgold County, Iowa, USA.