OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# String Quartet No. 20 (Mozart)

The String Quartet No. 20 in D major, K. 499, was written in 1786 in Vienna by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published by – if not indeed written for – his friend Franz Anton Hoffmeister. Because of this, the quartet has acquired the nickname Hoffmeister. Hoffmeister had started issuing a series of chamber-music publications in 1785, including Mozart's K. 499 as well as Joseph Haydn's String Quartet No. 35, Op. 42.

## Structure

There are four movements:
* Allegretto, in D major
* Menuetto: Allegretto, in D major, with a trio section in D minor
* Adagio, in G major
* Allegro, in D major
This work, sandwiched between the six Haydn Quartets (1782–85) and the following three Prussian Quartets (1789–90), is often polyphonic in a way uncharacteristic of the earlier part of the classical music era. The menuetto and its trio give good examples of this in brief, with the brief irregular near-canon between first violin and viola in the second half of the main portion of the minuet, and the double imitations in the trio between the violins, and between the viola and cello.
# String Quartet No. 1 (Schubert)

The String Quartet No. 1 (D 18) in mixed keys was composed by Franz Schubert in 1810 or 1811.

## History

A partial autograph of the composer kept in the Vienna City Library has the date 1812 written on the cover. The composition date is however more likely 1810, when the composer was 13 years old. As such it may be Schubert's earliest extant completed multi-movement work for more than one player. The quartet was played in 1812 by the quartet of Schubert's family (his father Franz Theodor, his brothers Ignaz and Ferdinand, and Schubert himself playing viola). The first published edition of the quartet was in 1890, in the complete edition of Franz Schubert's Works issued by Breitkopf & Härtel.

## Description

The work has the traditional four movements of a classical string quartet, with the Menuetto preceding the slow movement (Andante). The key signature of the work is undefined as it starts in one key and ends in another.

### Key signature

D 18 is the only remaining of a set of three early string quartets "in changing, undefined" key signatures by Schubert. The Deutsch catalogue indicates its key as g/B♭.

### Movements

* Andante – Presto vivace (G minor)
* Menuetto (F major, with Trio in C major)
* Andante (B-flat major)
* Presto (B-flat major)
# Stuhlmann's sengi

The Stuhlmann's sengi or white-tailed sengi (Rhynchocyon stuhlmanni) is a species of elephant shrew that lives in the forests and savannas of Africa. It was discovered in 1893 and declared a new species. In the 1960s, however, it was downgraded to a subspecies of checkered sengi (Rhynchocyon cirnei). In 2018, following genetic tests, scientists re-evaluated the mammal as a full species again.
The sengi is named after Franz Stuhlmann, a German zoologist, whose name is also found on a variety of other Central African species and subspecies, including Stuhlmann's golden mole (Chrysochloris stuhlmanni), Stuhlmann's double-collared sunbird (Cinnyris stuhlmanni), Stuhlmann's starling (Poeoptera stuhlmanni), Stuhlmann's weaver (Ploceus baglafecht stuhlmanni), and Stuhlmann's blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni).
# Stuhlmannbrunnen

The Stuhlmannbrunnen (Stuhlmann Fountain) is a fountain in Altona, Hamburg, Germany. It was inaugurated on pentecoast of 1900. It is located on the Platz der Republik (Square of the Republic) in Altona.

## History

The fountain is named after Günther Ludwig Stuhlmann, founder and director of Altonaer Gas- und Wasseranstalt AG, the gas and water works of Altona, which were built on his private ground at the banks of river Elbe. In the 1970s during the construction of the new Hamburg-Altona station, the fountain was removed and rebuilt in 1978 on a newly constructed ramp, closely approximate his old location at the station's entrance. However, because it lacked its monumental impression there, the fountain was relocated to the center of Republic Square in 2000. Since 2005 it is illuminated at night. The fountain is a cultural heritage monument. It was designed by Paul Türpe.

## Literature

* Hans Ehlers: Aus Altonas Vergangenheit. VGHA, Altona 1926
* Renata Klée Gobert: Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmale der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg. Band II: Altona Elbvororte. C.Wegner, Hamburg 1959
* Stadtteilarchiv Ottensen e.V./Stiftung Denkmalpflege Hamburg (ed.): Der Stuhlmannbrunnen. Sinnbild und Wahrzeichen im Herzen Altonas. Dölling und Galitz, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933374-72-3
* Christoph Timm: Altona-Altstadt und -Nord. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Christians, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-7672-9997-6
# Stuhna (disambiguation)

The Stuhna is a river in Ukraine. Stuhna or Stugna may also refer to:
* Stugna 100-mm gun-launched antitank guided missile
* Skif (anti-tank guided missile) antitank guided missile system, also known as Stuhna-P
# Sturge

Sturge may refer to:

## People

Sturge is a Middle Ages surname of Norse-Viking origins, meaning son of Turgis or Thurgis, Turgeus etc., which meant "Thor's follower".

### Surname

* Alfred Sturge (1816–1901), British cleric who ministered in Devon, India and Kent
* David Sturge (born 1948), British athlete in rowing
* Diana Catherine Sturge, Viscountess Eccles DL (born 1933), British Conservative peer and businesswoman
* Edmund Sturge (1808–1893), British Quaker businessman and campaigner for liberal causes
* Eliza Sturge (1842–1905), British women rights activist based in Birmingham
* Emily Sturge (1847–1892), British campaigner for women's education
* Ernest Adolphus Sturge (1856–1934), American missionary, organiser of Japanese Presbyterian churches in California
* Hannah Sturge, born Hannah Dickinson, (1816–1896), British Quaker philanthropist
* Joseph Sturge (1793–1859), British founder of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
* Mary Sturge (1865–1925), British doctor, known for her pioneering work with alcoholism
* Matilda Sturge (1829–1903), British Quaker minister, poet and essayist from Bristol
* Michael Sturge (1931–2003), English experimental physicist, worked in solid-state spectroscopy
* Sophia Sturge (1849–1936), British Quaker suffragist, social reformer and peace campaigner
* Sophia Sturge (abolitionist) (1795–1845), British slavery abolitionist based in Birmingham
* Thomas Sturge (1787–1866), British oil merchant, shipowner, cement manufacturer, railway company director, social reformer and philanthropist
* Thomas Sturge the elder (1749–1825), London tallow chandler, oil merchant, spermaceti processor and philanthropist
* William Allen Sturge (1850–1919), British physician and archaeologist

### Given name

* John Sturge Stephens (1891–1954), British conscientious objector and historian
* Mary Sturge Gretton, born May Gertrude Sturge (1871–1970), British historian and magistrate
* Thomas Sturge Moore (1870–1944), British poet, author and artist
* William Sturge Moore (1785–1809), political figure in Lower Canada

## Places

* Sturge Island, one of the three main islands in the uninhabited Balleny Islands group in the Southern Ocean
* Sturge Park, former cricket ground in Montserrat, destroyed by the volcanic eruption of 1997
# Stypocladius

Stypocladius is a genus of flies in the family Neriidae.

## Distribution

Taiwan, Japan.

## Species

* Stypocladius appendiculatus (Hendel, 1913)
# Subdesert brush warbler

The subdesert brush warbler (Nesillas lantzii), also known as Lantz's brush-warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. It is found only in Madagascar.
# Subcyclotosaurus

Subcyclotosaurus is an extinct genus of carnivorous mastodonsaurid temnospondyl. It is known from a single partial skull from the Hawkesbury Sandstone formation in Australia.

## Discovery and naming

The remains of the type specimen Subcyclotosaurus brookvalensis were discovered in the Hawkesbury Sandstone formation, Australia, which is in an Anisian lacustrine shale deposit. The genus and specific name was assigned by D. M. S. Watson in 1958.

## Description

The type specimen (AM F47499) is a partial skull roof, with fragments lost on the right side. The dorsal surface of the skull resembles a small Cyclotosaur skull from the Brookvale clays of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The specimen is from the mould of a skull broken so that the right border is lost, and is very slightly distorted by pressure so that the orbits are no longer symmetrical. The proportions of the skull resemble those of most others of Cyclotosaurus, the preorbital length being 66% of the total mid-line length. The extremes amongst Cyclotosaurus being 61% in the small Cyclotosaurus ebrachensis, and 71% in Parotosuchus helgolandicus.
The skull is characterized by the small tabular without any trace of a "horn", but with a round lappet that approaches the squamosal flange lateral to the tympanic membrane, failing to meet it by about its own width. The occiput between the otic notches is proportionately wide, a reflection of the small size of the skull. The skull is otherwise of normal Parotosuchus structure, but has a small internasal vacuity between the dorsal processes of the premaxillae. Lateral lines are often shown as continuous grooves with well-defined borders. A deep groove on the maxilla begins immediately behind and lateral to the nostril and passes straight back to the lachrymal, on which bone it turns outward and forward and ends abruptly. Another groove appears to begin on the maxilla, immediately lateral to that described above. It passes back just above the insertion of the teeth for the full length of the bone. The supraorbital groove begins abruptly on the dorsal surface of the premaxilla, immediately passes on to the nasal, and extends back on that bone close to its suture with the lachrymal. It then comes on to the prefrontal, passing on to the frontal where that bone enters the orbital border. Then as a well-defined groove it surrounds the hinder part of the orbit, turns vertically on to the jugal, and then backward to cross the point where jugal, quadratojugal and squamosal meet, continuing over the squamosal to pass back on to the body. There is a canal crossing the supratemporal.
# Subhash Zanak

Subhash Zanak was the MLA from Risod Constituency and Ex-Cabinet Minister of Women and Child Development in the Government of Maharashtra in India. He was leader from the Indian National Congress Party.

## Political career

He was elected as member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Risod, in Washim district in October 2009. He was elected from Medshi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in 1985, 1990 and 1995. He started his career by the guidance of his father Ramrao Zanak, who was elected as MLA from Medshi in 1980.
He died on 28 October 2013 at Akola in a private hospital from cardiac arrest.
# Subhash Singh (disambiguation)

Subhash Singh or Subash Singh may refer to
* Subhash Singh (Bihar politician)
* Subhash Chandra Singh, Odisha politician
* Subhash Singh, football player
# Sugar Soldier

Sugar Soldier (シュガー＊ソルジャー, Shugā Sorujā) is a Japanese manga series by Mayu Sakai, that was serialized in Shueisha's shōjo manga magazine Ribon from September 2011 to August 2015. It has been collected in ten tankōbon volumes. An anime adaptation aired from January 14 to January 28, 2014, as a segment on TV Tokyo's children's television series Oha Star.

## Media
### Manga

| No. | Title | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | Sugar Soldier 01 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 01) | February 15, 2012 | 978-4-08-867177-2 |
| 2 | Sugar Soldier 02 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 02) | June 15, 2012 | 978-4-08-867204-5 |
| 3 | Sugar Soldier 03 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 03) | October 15, 2012 | 978-4-08-867228-1 |
| 4 | Sugar Soldier 04 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 04) | March 15, 2013 | 978-4-08-867260-1 |
| 5 | Sugar Soldier 05 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 05) | August 9, 2013 | 978-4-08-867280-9 |
| 6 | Sugar Soldier 06 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 06) | January 15, 2014 | 978-4-08-867304-2 |
| 7 | Sugar Soldier 07 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 07) | June 13, 2014 | 978-4-08-867326-4 |
| 8 | Sugar Soldier 08 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 08) | November 14, 2014 | 978-4-08-867344-8 |
| 9 | Sugar Soldier 09 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 09) | April 24, 2015 | 978-4-08-867365-3 |
| 10 | Sugar Soldier 10 (シュガー＊ソルジャー 10) | August 25, 2015 | 978-4-08-867383-7 |
# Sugar Spider

Sugar Spider is a 2002 album by Dutch artist Georgina Verbaan credited on the album as Georgina, her mononym. It was released on Jive Records and is the debut and only studio album by Verbaan.

## Track listing

(writers in parentheses)
* "Let's Ride" (A. van Olm) - 3:50
* "New York, Paris, Rome" (A. Volley, M. Vishnudatt) - 4:01
* "Denis" (Neil Levenson) - 3:11
* "Let Me Be The One (Fluitsma & van Tijn) - 3:00
* "Xtremely" (Fluitsma & van Tijn, Nando Eweg, Xander Hubrecht) - 3:39
* "No More Lies" (Ed van Otterdijke) - 3:50
* "Perfect" (M. Nevin) - 3:33
* "Look to the Future" (J. Gordon, L. Dissing) - 4:05
* "Easier Said Than Done" (Fluitsma & van Tijn, Georgina Verbaan, Nando Eweg) - 3:06
* "99 Luftballons" (Carlo Karges, Fahrenkrog-Petersen) - 3:14
* "Ritmo" (Martijn Schimmer) - 3:22 (bonus track)
* "Yo quiero bailar" - (T. Ten, X. Ten - English lyrics by Martijn Schimmer) - 3:44 (bonus track)
* "Love Is On Its Way" (Martijn Schimmer) - 3:31 (bonus track)

### Music videos

* "Ritmo"
* "Yo quiero bailar"

## Singles

The charting singles from the album were:
* "If You Want Me"
* "Ritmo" (featuring Janet)
* "Yo quiero bailar"
* "Denis"

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Netherlands Albums Chart | 70 |
# Sugar Magnolia

"Sugar Magnolia" is a song by the Grateful Dead. Written by Robert Hunter and Bob Weir, it is one of the most well-known songs by the band, alongside such hits as "Truckin'", "Casey Jones", "Uncle John's Band", "Touch of Grey", and fellow sugar-adjacent tune "Sugaree".
First released on the 1970 album American Beauty, "Sugar Magnolia" made its live debut on June 7, 1970 at the Fillmore West in San Francisco. When performed live, the song was often divided into two different entities: "Sugar Magnolia" proper and the "Sunshine Daydream" coda. The break between the two could be a few beats, a set, or even a few concerts. On one memorable occasion, the week of long-time friend of the band Bill Graham's death, the coda was held off for an entire week.
A single edit of the live performance included on Europe '72 (1972) was the group's third Billboard Top 100 hit, peaking at #91 in 1973.
According to Deadbase X, "Sugar Magnolia" was the Dead's second-most played in concert song of their long career, with 596 performances, trailing only "Me and My Uncle".
It has been said that the song was written about Bob Weir's girlfriend, Frankie Weir (née Azzara), who lived with him for many years. In any case, the song's line "she don't come and I won't follow" echoes the folk song, "Sourwood Mountain", which includes the line "she won't come and I won't call 'er." Aside from obvious references to several types of plants (magnolia), the line "jump like a Willys in four wheel drive" refers to the Willys Jeep, which was actually "jumped" off the ground by some drivers.
The semi-official 1972 Dead movie Sunshine Daydream has its title taken from the song's coda section as well as the popular St. Louis area "Sunshine Daydream" stores.
In Donna Tartt's novel, The Secret History, the hippies would only allow admission to the bunker to those who could recite the second verse of "Sugar Magnolia".
An interesting version with a slightly different melody line was played at Irvine Meadows on April 28, 1989.
A previously unreleased version of the song was included in Duane Allman's box set Skydog: The Duane Allman Retrospective. As Scott Schinder states in his liner notes, "He (Duane Allman) also sat with the Grateful Dead on multiple occasions, an association that's represented here by an exhilarating, previously unreleased performance of the Dead's 'Sugar Magnolia', on which Duane memorably trades licks with Jerry Garcia".

## Appears on

* American Beauty (1970)
* Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies (Warner Bros. sampler) (1970)
* Europe '72 (1972)
* Skeletons from the Closet: The Best of Grateful Dead (1974)
* Dick's Picks Volume 2 (1995)
* Hundred Year Hall (1995)
* Dick's Picks Volume 6 (1996)
* Dick's Picks Volume 10 (1998)
* Dick's Picks Volume 12 (1998)
* Dick's Picks Volume 14 (1999)
* Dick's Picks Volume 20 (2000)
* The Closing of Winterland (2003)
* Dick's Picks Volume 36 (2005)
* Winterland 1973: The Complete Recordings (2008)
* Ladies and Gentlemen... the Grateful Dead (2000)
* Skydog, the Duane Allman Retrospective (2013)
* Sunshine Daydream (2013)
* Houston, Texas 11-18-1972 (2014)
* Dave's Picks Volume 13 (2015)
* Saint of Circumstance (2019)
# Suillia quadrilineata

Suillia quadrilineata, is a European species of Heleomyzidae.
# Successor cardinal

In set theory, one can define a successor operation on cardinal numbers in a similar way to the successor operation on the ordinal numbers. The cardinal successor coincides with the ordinal successor for finite cardinals, but in the infinite case they diverge because every infinite ordinal and its successor have the same cardinality (a bijection can be set up between the two by simply sending the last element of the successor to 0, 0 to 1, etc., and fixing ω and all the elements above; in the style of Hilbert's Hotel Infinity). Using the von Neumann cardinal assignment and the axiom of choice (AC), this successor operation is easy to define: for a cardinal number κ we have
    $\kappa ^{+}=\left|\inf\{\lambda \in \mathrm {ON} \ :\ \kappa <\left|\lambda \right|\}\right|$ ,
where ON is the class of ordinals. That is, the successor cardinal is the cardinality of the least ordinal into which a set of the given cardinality can be mapped one-to-one, but which cannot be mapped one-to-one back into that set.
That the set above is nonempty follows from Hartogs' theorem, which says that for any well-orderable cardinal, a larger such cardinal is constructible. The minimum actually exists because the ordinals are well-ordered. It is therefore immediate that there is no cardinal number in between κ and κ$^+$. A successor cardinal is a cardinal that is κ$^+$ for some cardinal κ. In the infinite case, the successor operation skips over many ordinal numbers; in fact, every infinite cardinal is a limit ordinal. Therefore, the successor operation on cardinals gains a lot of power in the infinite case (relative the ordinal successorship operation), and consequently the cardinal numbers are a very "sparse" subclass of the ordinals. We define the sequence of alephs (via the axiom of replacement) via this operation, through all the ordinal numbers as follows:
    $\aleph _{0}=\omega$
    $\aleph _{\alpha +1}=\aleph _{\alpha }^{+}$
and for λ an infinite limit ordinal,
    $\aleph _{\lambda }=\bigcup _{\beta <\lambda }\aleph _{\beta }$
If β is a successor ordinal, then $\aleph _{\beta }$ is a successor cardinal. Cardinals that are not successor cardinals are called limit cardinals; and by the above definition, if λ is a limit ordinal, then $\aleph _{\lambda }$ is a limit cardinal.
The standard definition above is restricted to the case when the cardinal can be well-ordered, i.e. is finite or an aleph. Without the axiom of choice, there are cardinals that cannot be well-ordered. Some mathematicians have defined the successor of such a cardinal as the cardinality of the least ordinal that cannot be mapped one-to-one into a set of the given cardinality. That is:
    $\kappa ^{+}=\left|\inf\{\lambda \in \mathrm {ON} \ :\ |\lambda |\nleq \kappa \}\right|$
which is the Hartogs number of κ.
# Successor culture

A successor culture is a culture that succeeds another previous culture or civilization. It refers to a culture or civilization that arises after the decline or collapse of an earlier society and often builds upon or inherits aspects of the preceding culture. The successor culture may incorporate elements of the previous culture while also introducing new ideas, practices, or institutions. The successor culture concept is commonly employed in archaeology and anthropology to study cultural evolution and societal changes over time.
# Sulcus limitans (neural tube)

A shallow, longitudinal groove separating the developing gray matter into a basal and alar plates along the length of the neural tube. The sulcus limitans extends the length of the spinal cord and through the mesencephalon.
# Su Chin-shou

Su Chin-shou was a Chinese Muslim general of the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), who served under Generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. He was the Chief of Staff of General Ma Zhancang and was appointed as one of the two tao-yins of Kashgar in May, 1933. He vacated the old city Yamen to join Ma Zhancang in the New City since his fellow Chinese Muslims were massacred at the Kizil massacre.
# Suggestive dialogue

Suggestive dialogue can refer to:
* Innuendo, a remark or question that implies something, usually derogatory, about the subject without expressly stating it.
* Suggestive dialogue, one of the criteria used to determine TV Parental Guidelines in the United States.
# Sukhachina

Sukhachaina is a village development committee in Siraha District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2380 people living in 385 individual households.
# Sun Odyssey 45 DS

The Sun Odyssey 45 DS (Deck Saloon) is a French sailboat that was designed by Philippe Briand as a blue water cruiser and first built in 2007.

## Production

The design was built by Jeanneau in France, starting in 2007, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Sun Odyssey 45 DS is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a 9/10 fractional sloop rig, a nearly plumb stem, a reverse transom with steps and a swimming platform, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by dual wheels and a fixed deep draft fin keel with a weighted bulb or optional shoal-draft keel. The deep draft fin keel model displaces 21,826 lb (9,900 kg) and carries 6,512 lb (2,954 kg) of ballast, while the shoal draft version displaces 22,250 lb (10,092 kg) and carries 6,967 lb (3,160 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 6.73 ft (2.05 m) with the standard keel and 5.42 ft (1.65 m) with the optional shoal draft keel.
The boat is fitted with a British Perkins Engines 4-107 Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of 54 hp (40 kW) for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds 63 U.S. gallons (240 L; 52 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 162 U.S. gallons (610 L; 135 imp gal).
The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, a U-shaped settee and a straight settee in the main cabin and two aft cabins, each with a double berth. The galley is located on the starboard side at the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a four-burner stove, an ice box and a double sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the port side. There are two heads, one in the bow cabin on the starboard side and one on the port, aft. A two cabin interior was a factory option with the two aft cabins combined into one larger cabin.
For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker of 1,291.67 sq ft (120.000 m$^2$).
The design has a hull speed of 8.21 kn (15.20 km/h).

## Operational history

In a 2015 review for Yachting Monthly, Theo Stocker wrote, "in light conditions and off the wind she handles like a much smaller boat than she is. She is a high-volume cruiser with ample space to live aboard, but this entails some sacrifice in her handling of stronger wind. Weight has been kept down to keep her light and responsive and her good form stability compensates for this, but with a ballast displacement ratio of just under 30 per cent, she can be tender once a blow gets up. This isn't a problem as long as you reef early and sail her reasonably flat."
# Sula Island

Sula Island is an island located in the Albay province of the Philippines.