OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Momentum compaction

The momentum compaction or momentum compaction factor is a measure for the momentum dependence of the recirculation path length for an object that is bound in cyclic motion (closed orbit). It is used in the calculation of particle paths in circular particle accelerators (like synchrotrons), and for astronomical objects that are bound by gravitation.
For a perturbed orbit, the momentum compaction factor is defined as the derivative of normalized path length difference to normalized momentum
$\alpha _{p}={\frac {\mathrm {d} L/L}{\mathrm {d} p/p}}={\frac {p}{L}}{\frac {\mathrm {d} L}{\mathrm {d} p}}={\frac {1}{L}}\oint {\frac {D_{x}(s)}{\rho (s)}}\mathrm {d} s$.
Furthermore, the momentum compaction is closely connected to the so-called slip-factor $\eta$ with the horizontal dispersion $D_{x}$ and the gyroradius $\rho$
$\alpha _{p}={\frac {1}{\gamma ^{2}}}+\eta$
wherein $\gamma$ is the Lorentz factor.
# Variety on View

Variety on View was a British television programme which aired for a total of six episodes from 1946 to 1947 on the BBC. It was a live variety telecast from the Bedford Theatre, with music hall acts of various kinds. The series is missing, believed lost.
# Macrorrhinia parvulella

Macrorrhinia parvulella is a species of snout moth in the genus Macrorrhinia. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913 and is known from the US states of Florida and South Carolina. It is also found in Colombia.
The wingspan is 9–12 mm. There are dark markings on the forewings, as well as a rather broad whitish band along the costa. The hindwings are pale to dark smoky fuscous.
The larvae feed on Achyranthus ramosissima.
# Nile Township, Scioto County, Ohio

Nile Township is one of the sixteen townships of Scioto County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 2,350 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the southwestern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships:
* Brush Creek Township - north
* Union Township - northeast
* Washington Township - east
* Green Township, Adams County - west
* Jefferson Township, Adams County - northwest
Lewis County, Kentucky lies across the Ohio River to the south.
No municipalities are located in Nile Township, although the unincorporated community of Friendship lies in the township's boundaries.
Shawnee State Forest covers much of Nile Township as well as neighboring Washington Township.
It has the greatest area of any township in the county.

## Name and history

Nile Township was organized August 9, 1803. The township takes its name from the Nile river in Egypt. It is the only Nile Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Education

Township residents are served by the Washington-Nile Local School District.
# Salt Range coal mine

The Salt Range Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Punjab. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 213 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world.
# Multiverse (set theory)

In mathematical set theory, the multiverse view is that there are many models of set theory, but no "absolute", "canonical" or "true" model. The various models are all equally valid or true, though some may be more useful or attractive than others. The opposite view is the "universe" view of set theory in which all sets are contained in some single ultimate model.
The collection of countable transitive models of ZFC (in some universe) is called the hyperverse and is very similar to the "multiverse".
A typical difference between the universe and multiverse views is the attitude to the continuum hypothesis. In the universe view the continuum hypothesis is a meaningful question that is either true or false though we have not yet been able to decide which. In the multiverse view it is meaningless to ask whether the continuum hypothesis is true or false before selecting a model of set theory. Another difference is that the statement "For every transitive model of ZFC there is a larger model of ZFC in which it is countable" is true in some versions of the multiverse view of mathematics but is false in the universe view.
# Rowhill Nature Reserve

Rowhill Nature Reserve or Rowhill Copse is a 26.6-hectare (66-acre) Local Nature Reserve (LNR) which straddles the border between Aldershot in Hampshire and Farnham in Surrey. It is owned by Rushmoor Borough Council, was declared an LNR by Waverley Borough Council and is managed by Rowhill Nature Reserve Society.
This site is mainly coppiced woodland with hazel and sweet chestnut. There are also ponds, a stream, heath and marshland. It is the source of the River Blackwater.
Access points include Cranmore Lane.
# Scopuloides

Scopuloides is a genus of five species of crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae.

## Taxonomy

Scopuloides was first proposed by George Edward Massee in 1890 as a subgenus of Peniophora, then raised to generic status by Franz von Höhnel and Viktor Litschauer in their 1908 work on Austrian crust fungi. Kurt Hjorstam and Leif Ryvarden suggested that the genus was not published validly, but it was accepted as valid by other authorities.

## Species

* Scopuloides hydnoides (Cooke & Massee) Hjortstam & Ryvarden (1979)
* Scopuloides leprosa (Bourdot & Galzin) Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles (1993)
* Scopuloides magnicystidiata Gilb. & Nakasone (2003) – Hawaii
* Scopuloides rimosa (Cooke) Jülich (1982)
* Scopuloides subgelatinosa Nakasone (2003) – Vietnam
# Semaeopus cantona

Semaeopus cantona is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Central America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Semaeopus cantona is 7143.
# Mohican (disambiguation)

The Mohican are a Native American tribe who lived in and around the Hudson Valley.
Mohican may also refer to:

## Native Americans

* Mohegan, a Native American tribe based in Southeastern Connecticut

## Hairstyles

* Mohawk hairstyle, also known as "Mohican hairstyle" in British English

## Places

* Mohican River in Ohio in the United States
** Mohican State Park, which includes some of the river
* Mohican Falls, one of 24 named waterfalls in Ricketts Glen State Park in Pennsylvania in the United States
* Mohican Brook in Otsego County, New York in the United States

## Ships

* USS Mohican, various United States Navy ships
* Mohican II, one of Lake George Steamboat Company ships in Lake George, New York
# Stolid flycatcher

The stolid flycatcher (Myiarchus stolidus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, and heavily degraded former forest.
# Varifold

In mathematics, a varifold is, loosely speaking, a measure-theoretic generalization of the concept of a differentiable manifold, by replacing differentiability requirements with those provided by rectifiable sets, while maintaining the general algebraic structure usually seen in differential geometry. Varifolds generalize the idea of a rectifiable current, and are studied in geometric measure theory.

## Historical note

Varifolds were first introduced by Laurence Chisholm Young in (Young 1951), under the name "generalized surfaces". Frederick J. Almgren Jr. slightly modified the definition in his mimeographed notes (Almgren 1965) and coined the name varifold: he wanted to emphasize that these objects are substitutes for ordinary manifolds in problems of the calculus of variations. The modern approach to the theory was based on Almgren's notes and laid down by William K. Allard, in the paper (Allard 1972).

## Definition

Given an open subset $\Omega$ of Euclidean space $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$, an m-dimensional varifold on $\Omega$ is defined as a Radon measure on the set
    $\Omega \times G(n,m)$
where $G(n,m)$ is the Grassmannian of all m-dimensional linear subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space. The Grassmannian is used to allow the construction of analogs to differential forms as duals to vector fields in the approximate tangent space of the set $\Omega$.
The particular case of a rectifiable varifold is the data of a m-rectifiable set M (which is measurable with respect to the m-dimensional Hausdorff measure), and a density function defined on M, which is a positive function θ measurable and locally integrable with respect to the m-dimensional Hausdorff measure. It defines a Radon measure V on the Grassmannian bundle of $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$
    $V(A):=\int _{\Gamma _{M,A}}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\theta (x)\mathrm {d} {\mathcal {H}}^{m}(x)$
where
* $\Gamma _{M,A}=M\cap \{x:(x,\mathrm {Tan} ^{m}(x,M))\in A\}$
* ${\mathcal {H}}^{m}(x)$ is the $m$−dimensional Hausdorff measure
Rectifiable varifolds are weaker objects than locally rectifiable currents: they do not have any orientation. Replacing M with more regular sets, one easily see that differentiable submanifolds are particular cases of rectifiable manifolds.
Due to the lack of orientation, there is no boundary operator defined on the space of varifolds.
# Roraimaea

Roraimaea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.
Its native range is Northern Brazil.
Species:
* Roraimaea aurantiaca Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert – native to white sand savannas (Campinarana) in Roraima state of Brazil.
* Roraimaea coccinea (Steyerm. ex Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert) Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert – native to the Sierra de la Neblina of Venezuela.
# Murder at the Cannes Film Festival

Murder at the Cannes Film Festival is a 2000 television film directed by Harvey Frost, and written by Jeffrey Hatcher, starring French Stewart, Jay Brazeau, Karina Lombard and Bo Derek.

## Reception

Variety called it "a clever teleplay".
# Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten

The Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten ("Foundation of Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated SOPD) was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted war criminals, who had collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II. The SOPD was the first and the largest of the collaborationist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."

## Foundation and dissolution

The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the NSB, the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer Jan Wolthuis, another former NSB member who had been a justice of the peace in Arnhem during the German occupation, essentially an NSB appointment to a political office meant to render Anton Mussert immune from prosecution and to handle infractions committed by NSB matters.
The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member Paul van Tienen, was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist Per Engdahl, had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's European Social Movement, the Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries"), in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging ("National European Social Movement"). The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned in 1954 by a Dutch court on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by Queen Wilhelmina, the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations", a decision confirmed by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in 1955.
# Pratt & Whitney R-2180

Pratt & Whitney R-2180 was the designation for two closely related radial engines developed in the United States by Pratt & Whitney. They had two rows of seven cylinders each.
* Pratt & Whitney R-2180-A Twin Hornet - first run in 1936
* Pratt & Whitney R-2180-E Twin Wasp E - first run in 1945
# Molly Downer

Molly Downer was reportedly the last witch on the Isle of Wight.

## Biography

Told as a ballad in Ballads of the Isle of Wight, Downer lived in Hillway near Bembridge, a thatched cottage now known as Witches Hatch. The cottage dates back to 1558.
Sources differ in her heritage; she was either the illegitimate daughter of a local vicar, the Reverend Barwis of Niton, who left a small amount of money to subsist on when he died, or from a wealthy family who made their fortune from smuggling. Downer herself would entice customs men in order to get free alcohol. She became a recluse.
Local people began to consider her a witch and one woman called Harriet began to taunt and harass her, resulting in Molly cursing her that should any good fortune fall upon her, she would might die before possession, which duly happened in 1847. Rare visitors to her cottage, often "charitable" ladies pressing religious tracts upon her (which she studiously ignored), reported it to be hung with bottles containing unknown liquids and dolls with pins in them. Many local people attested to her curative powers as a "charmer" against minor illnesses. Eventually she was found dead by a woman who lent her books, and was buried without rites in Brading Churchyard.

## Legacy

Downer was the inspiration for an ale from Ventnor Brewery, "Molly Downer". The paeonia mlokose-witschii, a yellow peony flower from Caucasus is commonly known as "Molly the Witch". Martin Page suggests that it may have been named after the story of Molly was published in 1844, in the book of ballads. A local theatre group on the Isle of Wight performed an original musical based on the life of Molly Downer at the 2023 Ventnor Fringe.
# Maliyadda

Maliyadda is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Varona

Varona or de Varona is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dante Varona (born 1953), former Filipino actor and film director
* Donna de Varona (born 1947), American swimmer
* Dora Varona (1932–2018), Cuban-Peruvian writer and missionary
* Enrique José Varona (1849–1933), Cuban writer
* Larysa Varona (born 1983), Belarusian cross-country skier
* Manuel Antonio de Varona, a.k.a. Tony Varona (1908–1992), Cuban lawyer and politician
* Oscar Varona Varona (born 1949), Cuban basketball player
* Ruben Varona (born 1980), Colombian poet and writer
* Ronie Von Varona (born 1994), Filipino archivist and librarian
* Bernabé Varona (1845–1873), Cuban army general
# Magnitsky

Magnitsky is a Russian surname of Orthodox clergy. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leonty Magnitsky (1669–1739), Russian mathematician
* Sergei Magnitsky (1972–2009), Russian auditor
# Nigrilypha

Nigrilypha is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Nigrilypha gnoma O'Hara, 2002

## Distribution

United States.
# Tadini

Tadini is a village in Kaštelir-Labinci municipality in Istria County, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 68. It was 65 in 2011.
# Murder at the Mardi Gras

Murder at the Mardis Gras is a 1978 television film directed by Ken Annakin. It aired as a Wednesday night movie on CBS.

## Premise

A Philadelphia waitress, Julie Evans, wins a trip to New Orleans during Mardi Gras where she witnesses a murder. She encounters a series of colourful characters, including a pickpocket, a husband and wife writing team, and the investigating cop.

## Cast

* Didi Conn as Julie Evans
* David Groh
* Harry Morgan as the investigating cop
* Joyce Van Patten
* Bill Daily as Jack Murphy
* Wolfman Jack as himself
* Gregg Henry
* David Wayne as a pickpocket
* Barbi Benton as herself
* Ron Silver as Larry Cook

## Production

Filming took place on location in New Orleans. It starred Didi Conn who had just been in the films Grease and You Light Up My Life. It was the first of a series of TV movies directed by Ken Annakin.

## Reception

The Los Angeles Times called it a "deft, pleasing diversion."
The Tampa Tribune calls it "a potentially entertaining mystery that falls faster than a party-goer on Bourbon Street with sloppy casting and even sloppier script."
# Preston Fleet

Preston Mitchell Fleet (February 26, 1934 – January 31, 1995), nicknamed Sandy, was the founder of Fotomat. Fotomat was a once-widespread retail chain of photo development drive-thru kiosks located in shopping center parking lots. He was a son of aerospace pioneer Reuben H. Fleet.
Fleet co-founded WD-40 in 1953, then went on to co-found Fotomat in San Diego, California, in 1965; the first kiosk was opened in Point Loma in 1965). The company went public in 1971 and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1977. At its peak around 1980 there were over 4,000 Fotomats throughout the United States, primarily in suburban areas. Fotomats were distinctive for their pyramid-shaped gold-colored roofs and signs with red-lettering, usually positioned in a large parking area, such as a supermarket or strip mall, as the Fotomat huts required a minimal amount of land and were able to accommodate cars driving up to drop off or pick up film.
He was a co-founder of San Diego's Reuben H. Fleet Science Center and Space Museum. He helped design the Science Center to have a special movie projector, Omnimax, housed in a dome wall and ceiling that makes the audience feel as if they are moving like the camera did when filming. A decade earlier he had been a founding director of the San Diego Air and Space Museum.
Fleet's hobbies were aviation and playing theater organs. He was for a time the president of the National Theatre Organ Society.
He attended Culver Military Academy. His third wife was Beth Palmer Fleet and was survived by sons Justin Fleet and L. Alexander Fleet, and step-sons Drew Palmer, Darryl Gray and Derek Gray. His eldest son, Allen Mitchell Fleet, died 1991.
Film Credits
* Chronos (Consulting Producer)
* Shinbone Alley (Producer)
* Run If You Can (Executive Producer)
* Cabaret (film) (Producer)
* The Man Who Would Be King (Producer)
# Microtragus discospinosus

Microtragus discospinosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carter in 1932. It is known from Australia.
# University of Cantabria School of Civil Engineering

The University of Cantabria School of Civil Engineering is an engineering school of the University of Cantabria.
The school ranks 5th in Spain in the civil engineering schools' ranking by El Mundo just behind the schools of the Technical University of Madrid, the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the University of Castile-La Mancha.
It is the second oldest civil engineering school in Spain, behind the school of the Technical University of Madrid.

## History

The School was established on December 12, 1963, as a school of the University of Valladolid, starting classes in 1966. It was the second civil engineering school at the time, when there was only one in Madrid since 1802.
During the first years, the school had to use some facilities from the Menéndez Pelayo International University until new buildings were constructed.
In 1972, the school became one of the constituent members of the new University of Santander, later University of Cantabria.

## Programs

The school offers Bachelor's, Master's and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering.

## Students exchange programs

The school has exchange programs with over 30 universities around the world, but the two most successful ones are the programs with the École nationale des ponts et chaussées in France and the Cornell University College of Engineering, in the United States.
# Varon

Varon or Varón is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adriana Salazar Varón (born 1963), Colombian chess master
* Ben Varon (born 1983), Finnish guitarist
* Elizabeth R. Varon (born 1963), American historian
* Keith Varon, American musician
* Lisa Marie Varon (born 1971), American professional wrestler, bodybuilder and fitness competitor
* Melissa Varón (born 1987), Colombian model
* Moshe Varon (1926–2007), Israeli footballer and manager
* Sara Varon, American writer and illustrator
* Yineth Varón (born 1982), Colombian footballer
# Madan Mahal railway station

Madan Mahal Station (station code: MML) is a B category secondary main railway station of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The railway station is ISO 14001:2015 certified. It is one of the first pink railway station of India. An extension of the platform is undergoing which would make it the 7th longest platform in India of length 750m approx.

## History

It comes under West Central Railway zone and is 3 km away from the zonal headquarters at Jabalpur which serves as the headquarters for West Central Railways. Many Express and Passenger trains halt in Madan Mahal station.
The station is maintained with all basic facilities and carries a heavy passenger load. It comes in the Itarsi–Jabalpur route and has connectivity to almost all the major places.

## Gallery

* Madan Mahal station board
* WDM 3A with 12293 Allahabad Duronto Express at Madan Mahal railway station
* Madan Mahal platform board
# Nigricans

Nigricans, a Latin word meaning black, may refer to :
* Acanthosis nigricans, a brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin
* Ulmus americana 'Nigricans', an American elm cultivar
* Ulmus glabra 'Latifolia Nigricans', a wych elm cultivar
* a cultivar of Pittosporum tenuifolium, a small evergreen tree native to New Zealand
# Tadipatri mandal

Tadipatri mandal or Tadpatri mandal is one of the 31 mandals in Anantapur district of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is under the administration of Anantapuramu revenue division and the headquarters are located at Tadipatri town.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Tadipatri mandal comprises 39,970 households. The total population is 1,65,872, with 83,197 males and 82,675 females. The child population is 18,440. Scheduled Castes constitute 22,861 of the population, while Scheduled Tribes account for 2,653 individuals. The number of literate individuals stands at 1,00,094. The workforce in Tadipatri mandal includes 73,119 workers.

## Villages

List of villages/settlements in Tadipatri mandal
* Alur
* Bhogasamudram
* Bodaipalle
* Bondaladinne
* Brahmanapalle
* Challavaripalle
* Chinnapolamada
* Chukkalur
* Diguvapalle
* Gangadevipalle
* Husenapuram
* Igudur
* Jambulapadu
* Kaverisamudram
* Komali
* Nandalapadu (R)
* Peddapolamada
* Puliproddatur
* Sajjaladinne
* Seetharampuram
* Tadipatri (R)
* Talaricheruvu
* Uruchinthala
* Vanganur
* Veerapuram
* Velamakur
* Venkatampalle