OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Institute of Chemistry

The National Institute of Chemistry (in Slovene: Kemijski Inštitut) in Ljubljana is the second largest natural sciences research institute in Slovenia (the country's largest being the Jožef Stefan Institute). Research at the National Institute is divided into two major fields: life sciences and materials science. Among its 11 departments, the Department of Materials Chemistry (D10) is the biggest department in the field of materials science.

## History

The institute was established in 1946 as part of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts with the purpose of developing technologies for processing coal into coke that was needed in the heavy industrialisation period of Slovenia's history after the Second World War.
In 1953 it was renamed the Boris Kidrič Institute of Chemistry in honour of the first president of the Slovenian socialist government, Boris Kidrič (1912–1953).
In 1956 the institute's first infrared spectrometer (a Perkin Elmer 21) was purchased, which made it possible to begin in-depth research in various fields of the Institute’s activities.
In 1992, following the country’s independence Slovenia's National Centre for High-resolution NMR Spectrometry (known as the NMR Centre) was established at the institute.

## Employees and equipment

The institute's ~350 employees, of which ~140 have PhD degrees, perform cutting edge research work using equipment such as a Karl Zeiss Supra 35 VP Electronic Microscope with EDX analysis, a high resolution powder x-ray diffractometer, an 800 MHz NMR spectrometer and a cryo-TEM microscope Glacios™; these are the only ones of their kind in Slovenia. The NMR spectrometer is the first of this kind of instrument to be found in the new member states of EU.

## Major achievements

One of the institute's major achievements of recent years is a 2013 synthetic protein that folds itself into a tetrahedron — a pyramid with a triangular base measuring just 5 nanometres along each edge - which can be used as container for delivering drugs on a nanoscopic scale. It was synthesized by Roman Jerala.
# Thracian question

The Thracian question is the question of the territory, population and historical heritage of Thrace. The Thracian question is part of the Eastern Question.

## History

The Thracian question is an integral part of the Bulgarian national question and is a conditional indication of the struggle of the Bulgarians from Thrace to liberate them from Ottoman domination. The successful completion of the Eastern Rumelia Union with the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885 gave the struggling Thracians the hope that they would be able to achieve their liberation. They took an active part in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising in 1903.
# Luvaca

Luvaca is a commune of Angola, located in the province of Zaire.
# Luvambu Filipe

Luvambu Filipe (born 3 June 1969) is an Angolan sailor. He competed in the men's 470 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Lučko

Lučko is a settlement in the Novi Zagreb - zapad district of the city of Zagreb, located south of the Sava and southwest of the city center. Lučko is located near the Lučko interchange that connects the A1 motorway, the Zagreb bypass and the D1 and D3 state roads towards Karlovac, colloquially called "the old road to Karlovac". The two main economic activities in Lučko are trade in goods, mainly in the retail sector, and the rendering of commercial services.

## History

Lučko dates back to the 18th century, when it was noted as the first local village with a river crossing. The name derives from the Croatian word luka which translates to "harbor". The oldest church in the village can be traced back to the year 1779. As of the 2011 census, Lučko had a total population of 3,010. This corresponds to a population increase of 50% when compared to the census held in 1991.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 2,987. According to the 2011 census, it had 3,010 inhabitants.

## Lučko Airport

The Lučko airport (ICAO: LDZL) is one of the oldest facilities in Lučko and one of the main reasons for the establishment of Lučko as a neighborhood. In 1947, it had become Zagreb's main airport, replacing the obsolete Borongaj airport. It remained Zagreb's main airport for 15 years, up to the year 1962, when Zagreb Airport had been completed at its contemporary location near Pleso. Lučko airport includes two parallel, unsurfaced runways with a length of 850 meters (2,789 ft).
Today, Lučko airport is home to the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit, Croatia's special police unit. In addition, it serves as a sport airfield and military helicopter airbase.
The airport is maintained by Aeroklub Zagreb, a local airport operator based in Zagreb.

## Motorway interchange

The Croatian A1 motorway passes south of Lučko. The interchange from where the A1 originates is named after Lučko. Nearby Lučko mainline toll plaza consists of 15 lanes. It is the most frequented toll plaza in Croatia. During the tourist season long lines of vehicles form at the toll station. An additional 10-lane toll plaza has been built and opened in Demerje shortly before the 2009 summer season, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the Lučko toll plaza.

## Sports

* Croatia portal
* Aviation portal
Local football club NK Lučko played one season in the Croatian top tier and play their home games at the Stadion Lučko.
# Lycia (disambiguation)

Lycia is a former geopolitical region in Anatolia.
Lycia may also refer to:

## Species

* Lycia (moth), a genus of moths in the family Geometridae
* Lycia (butterfly), an invalid name for the butterfly genus Lycaena

## People

* Lycia Naff (born 1962), American actress and journalist
* Lycia Trouton, artist from Northern Ireland

## Other

* Lycia (band), a dark wave band
* The League of Lycia, a fictional confederation of states from the video game Fire Emblem
* Lycia, Cunard cargo ship;
# Lyria boucheti

Lyria boucheti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 73.4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Fiji Islands.
# Lycée Français de Bilbao

Lycée Français de Bilbao is a French international school in Zamudio, Biscay, Spain, in the Bilbao metropolitan area. It serves toute petite section through terminale (final year of lycée or senior high school/sixth form).
It opened in 1933 as the Ecoles Françaises de Bilbao/Escuelas Francesas de Bilbao.
# Lysipatha diaxantha

Lysipatha diaxantha is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Taiwan.
# Lysiosepalum hexandrum

Lysiosepalum hexandrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is dense, erect shrub with its young branches covered with woolly, star-shaped hairs, and has linear or narrowly elliptic leaves and blue, purple or pink flowers usually in groups of five.

## Description

Lysiosepalum hexandrum is a dense, erect shrub that typically grows to 90 cm (35 in) high and wide, its young branches covered with woolly, star-shaped hairs and scattered red, club-shaped glandular hairs. The leaves are linear to narrowly elliptic, 3–17 mm (0.12–0.67 in) long and 1.3–2.0 mm (0.051–0.079 in) wide on a petiole 0.6–1.5 mm (0.024–0.059 in) long, usually with stipules 0.5–1.0 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long and 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) wide at the base. The flowers are blue, purple or pink, usually borne in groups of five on a peduncle 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long with spoon-shaped bracts 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long at the base, each flower on a pedicel 4.0–7.5 mm (0.16–0.30 in) long with egg-shaped bracts 5.5–10 mm (0.22–0.39 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide at the base of the sepals. The five sepal lobes are narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped, 6.0–8.5 mm (0.24–0.33 in) long and 2.0–4.5 mm (0.079–0.177 in) wide, and there are no petals. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1921 by Spencer Le Marchant Moore who gave it the name Thomasia hexandra in the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign from specimens collected near Beverley by Oswald Hewlett Sargent. In 1923, Moore transferred the species to the genus Lysiosepalum as L. hexandrum in a later edition of the same journal. The specific epithet (hexandrum) means "six stamens".

## Distribution and habitat

This species of lysiosepalum grows in the understorey of open woodland or heath between Wongan Hills and Nyabing in the Avon Wheatbelt and Mallee bioregions in the south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Lysiosepalum aromaticum is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Lyubery

Lyubers (люберы lyubery or любера lyubera) were a youth group in the late 1970s and early 1980s in USSR, starting in Lyubertsy, a suburb of Moscow. It was dedicated to an athletic lifestyle, engaging in activities such as bodybuilding, boxing, athletics, gymnastic exercises and/or other forms of sport.

## History

It became active during the period of Glasnost in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union. It was a youth group whose aim was to "cleanse" Soviet society of the influences of various Western subcultures which they viewed as decadent, and often attacked other youth, mainly in major cities such as Moscow. However, they always held to certain principles such as fair fight and to never attack women and couples. The "Lyubers" were against outwardly informal dress groups such as hippies, punks and metalheads but also held strong anti-fascist views and had conflicts with the emerging Neo-nazi groups. The name "Lyubers" ("Люберы") comes the Moscow industrial suburb of Lyubertsy. As the Perestroika program opened up the market economy, some of the Lyubers turned to racketeering and organized crime syndicates, this however was swallowed up by a larger group in the 1990s.
# Løken (surname)

The surname Løken or Loken may refer to:
* Astrid Løken (1911–2008), Norwegian entomologist and member of the Norwegian resistance movement during WW II
* Bård Løken (born 1964), Norwegian photographer
* Johan Christen Løken (1944–2017), Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party
* Karl Petter Løken (born 1966), Norwegian football player
* Kristian Løken (1884–1961), Norwegian military officer
* Håkon Løken (1859–1923), Norwegian jurist, journalist, newspaper editor and non-fiction writer
* Hjalmar Løken (1852–1932), Norwegian jurist and newspaper editor
* Martin Løken (1863–1942), Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party
* Monica Løken, Norwegian handball player
* Olaug Løken (1854–1925), Norwegian writer and activist
* Sverre Løken (born 1960), Norwegian rower
* Brent Loken, ecologist, social scientist, conservationist, and social entrepreneur
* George Fredrick Loken (1906–1975), Canadian businessman and politician in Saskatchewan
* James B. Loken (born 1940), American judge on the US Court of Appeals
* Kristanna Loken (born 1979), American actress and model
* Newt Loken (1919–2011), American artistic gymnast and coach
# Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dawn of Destiny

Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dawn of Destiny is a strategy video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami. It was released exclusively for Xbox on March 23, 2004, in North America, November 19, 2004, in Europe, and December 3, 2004, in Australia. It was the first of the Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise on the Xbox. The game has over 1,000 Yu-Gi-Oh! cards and integrates the Yu-Gi-Oh! trading card gameplay and rules with 3D monster battles. The Dawn of Destiny also includes new duel modes such as Link Duel mode and Triple Duel mode, where players can test their skills against three duelists.

## Gameplay

The game follows the official card battling rules while bringing the Yu-Gi-Oh! bestiary to life in 3D. Duelists can watch the results of the cards they play in real-time 3D battles, or use the game's Library feature to browse the hundreds of monsters featured in the game. The number of cards available in Dawn Of Destiny is well over 1,000.
The player can build up to three decks, which can be stored. The game's deck-building interface is designed to be easy to use. The single-player mode allows fans to duel against favorite characters from the animated series, while the game's "Link Duel Mode" lets two human opponents go head-to-head. As with many earlier Yu-Gi-Oh! releases from Konami, Dawn Of Destiny comes packaged with three (actual) game cards, including the Egyptian God Monster card "Winged Dragon of Ra" (a collector's item which may not be used in official rules duels).

## Development

On January 9, 2004, Konami Digital Entertainment announced three games to be released in the Yu-Gi-Oh! series: Yu-Gi-Oh! World Championship Tournament 2004 for the Game Boy Advance, Yu-Gi-Oh! Xbox (working title) for the Xbox, and Yu-Gi-Oh! Power of Chaos: Kaiba the Revenge for PC, all to be released in spring 2004. Each game starred Yugi Mutou and his friends and shipped with three exclusive limited edition game cards. The game marked the debut of the franchise on the Xbox. 1,000 Yu-Gi-Oh! cards were to be available, including exclusive cards that had never appeared in any other Yu-Gi-Oh! video game.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 53% |
| Metacritic | 53 out of 100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Game Informer | 6 out of 10 |
| GamePro | |
| GameRevolution | D+ |
| GameSpot | 5.2 out of 10 |
| GameSpy | |
| GameZone | 6 out of 10 |
| IGN | 5 out of 10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | 5.8 out of 10 |
| TeamXbox | 5.9 out of 10 |
| X-Play | |
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the video game review aggregator Metacritic.
# San Francisco Chimalpa

San Francisco Chimalpa is a town located in the State of Mexico in Mexico. It belongs to the municipality of Naucalpan, having been one of the first towns in the municipality, where life already existed before the Tlatilco culture.
# Shannon Burke (writer)

Shannon Burke (born September 11, 1966) is an American novelist and screenwriter.

## Biography

Burke was born in Wilmette, Illinois and studied at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.
After graduating he became a paramedic for the New York City Fire Department. Burke used these experiences in his novels Safelight (2004) and Black Flies (2008).
Burke has published four novels: Safelight (2004), Black Flies (2008), Into the Savage Country (2015), and The Brother Years (2020). He also has been involved in various film and television projects, including work on the script for the film Syriana (2005), and he is the co-creator and executive producer of the Netflix series Outer Banks.
Burke lives in Knoxville, Tennessee with his two sons.

## Novels

* Safelight (2004) Random House, ISBN 978-0812971743
* Black Flies (2008) Soft Skull Press, ISBN 978-1593761912
* Into the Savage Country (2015) Pantheon, ISBN 978-0307908926
* The Brother Years (2020) Pantheon, ISBN 1524748641

## Critical reception

* Safelight, Burke's debut novel, is a love story involving a fencer with HIV and a paramedic who interacts with the world through photographs of his patients. Burke stated that he believed the novel was about “personal redemption.” The book was well received, with the New York Times' Julia Livshin calling the novel “a minimalist tour de force.” Daniel Menaker, ex-editor and chief of Random House, called Safelight one of "the most under-rated novels I've edited."
* Burke's second novel, Black Flies is about the trials and moral weathering of a paramedic. Burke himself was a paramedic in New York and used his experiences from that job for the novel. The book was noted for its realistic depiction of paramedics. In the New York Times, Liesl Schillinger called the novel “searing and morally resonant." Black Flies was a New York Times Notable book, was on the short list for numerous prizes, and won France's Prix de Mystere de la critique.
* Into the Savage Country, Burke's third novel, a historical adventure, was a departure in setting and tone from his previous two novels. In a post publication interview, Burke said he wanted to write an adventure novel like "Kidnapped" or "White Fang." The novel was memorable for its historical depiction of trappers in the 1820s and was generally well-received. It was a finalist for the Reading the West Book Award.
* The Brother Years is a coming of age novel, a roman a clef, based on Burke's childhood in suburban Chicago. It was published in August 2020.

## Awards

* 2008 – Believer Book Award – Finalist for Black Flies
* 2010 – International Dublin Literary Award – Longlist for Black Flies
* 2015 – Grand Prix de Littérature Policière – Runner Up for Black Flies
* 2015 – Prix Mystère de la critique – Winner for Black Flies
* 2015 – Reading the West Book Award – Shortlist for Into the Savage Country
* 2017 - Prix SNCF du Polar - Shortlist for "Black Flies"
# Pentarthrum huttoni

Pentarthrum huttoni is a species of wood boring weevil in family Curculionidae. It has a mainly nearctic distribution, but has also been reported from several European countries. It was first reported in Austria in 2006 when it was found to be the cause of disintegration of historically significant 18th century softwood coffins in the crypt of St. Michael's church in the center of Vienna.
These beetles prefer extremely high humidity (100%), and also prefer to attack wood that is already rotting. Most Central European records are from buildings.
# Leonard Feather's Encyclopedia of Jazz

Leonard Feather's Encyclopedia of Jazz (aka Encyclopedia of Jazz, Vol. 1) is a compilation album of pieces by Oliver Nelson and others assembled by Leonard Feather. It was recorded in 1965 and 1966 for Verve Records. In 2006, Mosaic Records released all the Oliver Nelson tracks, together with some unissued pieces recorded at the same session, on the second CD of the compilation Oliver Nelson: The Argo, Verve and Impulse Big Band Studio Sessions. Some of them were also included at the time on Leonard Feather Presents the Sound of Feeling and the Sound of Oliver Nelson (V6-8743, 1968).

## Track listing

Encyclopedia of Jazz, Vol. 1
* "Blues for Eileen"
* "C Jam Blues"
* "O.G.D. (Road Song)"
* "St. Louis Blues"
* "I Remember Bird"
* "John Brown's Blues"
Oliver Nelson: The Argo, Verve and Impulse Big Band Studio Sessions (CD 2)
* "St. Louis Blues" - 6:10
* "I Remember Bird" - 6:28
* "Ricardo's Dilemma" - 2:33
* "Patterns for Orchestra" - 3:13
* "The Sidewalks of New York" [aka "East Side, West Side"] - 6:30
* "Greensleeves" - 2:28
* "John Brown's Blues" - 3:22
* "Twelve Tone Blues" - 3:06
Recorded on November 3 (#1-4) and November 4 (#5-8), 1966.

## Personnel

* Burt Collins, Joe Newman, Ernie Royal, Clark Terry, Joe Wilder, Snooky Young - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Jimmy Cleveland, J.J. Johnson - trombone
* Bob Brookmeyer - valve trombone
* Tony Studd - bass trombone
* Phil Woods - alto sax, clarinet
* Jerry Dodgion - alto sax, clarinet, flute
* Jerome Richardson, Zoot Sims - tenor sax, flute, soprano sax
* Danny Bank - baritone sax
* Al Dailey - piano
* Eric Gale - guitar
* Ron Carter - bass
* Grady Tate - drums
* Phil Kraus - percussion
# Penrose Stout

Penrose Stout (1887–1934) was an American architect, best known for designing many Westchester County, New York residences and buildings. Among his many notable designs in Bronxville, New York are Merestone Terrace (1924), Brooklands (1927), Normandy Terrace Townhouses (1928) and the Bronxville Women's Club, (1928) added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007,
He was born in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1887, and received a degree in architecture from Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1909. He served in World War I in the Air Corps and earned a Distinguished Service Cross. He moved to Bronxville, New York, in 1919 and was in practice there until his death in 1934. He married Lucia Meigs, granddaughter of William Van Duzer Lawrence (1842–1927), in 1921. In 1924, he designed the house at 105 Lee Circle, Lynchburg, Virginia, now included in the Rivermont Historic District. He also designed or modified a number of residences in the Lawrence Park Historic District at Bronxville and the estate Green Pastures at Middleburg, Virginia.
Nathaniel Stout donated his grandfather's sketchbook and letters to the Archives and History Department of Alabama in 2014. This unprecedented series, first displayed during the centennial of World War I, includes extensive sketches of military training, amusing aspects of camp life, the architecture of the French countryside, and Stout's view from the cockpit.
# Perfectoid space

In mathematics, perfectoid spaces are adic spaces of special kind, which occur in the study of problems of "mixed characteristic", such as local fields of characteristic zero which have residue fields of characteristic prime p.
A perfectoid field is a complete topological field K whose topology is induced by a nondiscrete valuation of rank 1, such that the Frobenius endomorphism Φ is surjective on K°/p where K° denotes the ring of power-bounded elements.
Perfectoid spaces may be used to (and were invented in order to) compare mixed characteristic situations with purely finite characteristic ones. Technical tools for making this precise are the tilting equivalence and the almost purity theorem. The notions were introduced in 2012 by Peter Scholze.

## Tilting equivalence

For any perfectoid field K there is a tilt K$^♭$, which is a perfectoid field of finite characteristic p. As a set, it may be defined as
    $K^{\flat }=\varprojlim _{x\mapsto x^{p}}K.$
Explicitly, an element of K$^♭$ is an infinite sequence (x$_0$, x$_1$, x$_2$, ...) of elements of K such that x$_i$ = x$^p$ $_{i+1}$. The multiplication in K$^♭$ is defined termwise, while the addition is more complicated. If K has finite characteristic, then K ≅ K$^♭$. If K is the p-adic completion of $\mathbb {Q} _{p}(p^{1/p^{\infty }})$, then K$^♭$ is the t-adic completion of $\mathbb {F} _{p}((t))(t^{1/p^{\infty }})$.
There are notions of perfectoid algebras and perfectoid spaces over a perfectoid field K, roughly analogous to commutative algebras and schemes over a field. The tilting operation extends to these objects. If X is a perfectoid space over a perfectoid field K, then one may form a perfectoid space X$^♭$ over K$^♭$. The tilting equivalence is a theorem that the tilting functor (-)$^♭$ induces an equivalence of categories between perfectoid spaces over K and perfectoid spaces over K$^♭$. Note that while a perfectoid field of finite characteristic may have several non-isomorphic "untilts", the categories of perfectoid spaces over them would all be equivalent.

### Almost purity theorem

This equivalence of categories respects some additional properties of morphisms. Many properties of morphisms of schemes have analogues for morphisms of adic spaces. The almost purity theorem for perfectoid spaces is concerned with finite étale morphisms. It's a generalization of Faltings's almost purity theorem in p-adic Hodge theory. The name is alluding to almost mathematics, which is used in a proof, and a distantly related classical theorem on purity of the branch locus.
The statement has two parts. Let K be a perfectoid field.
* If X → Y is a finite étale morphism of adic spaces over K and Y is perfectoid, then X also is perfectoid;
* A morphism X → Y of perfectoid spaces over K is finite étale if and only if the tilt X$^♭$ → Y$^♭$ is finite étale over K$^♭$.
Since finite étale maps into a field are exactly finite separable field extensions, the almost purity theorem implies that for any perfectoid field K the absolute Galois groups of K and K$^♭$ are isomorphic.