OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lem Johnson

Lemuel Charles "Lem" Johnson (August 6, 1909 – April 1, 1989) was an American jazz saxophonist who played both tenor and soprano saxophones.
Johnson was born in Oklahoma City. He played clarinet in local ensembles in the 1920s and picked up saxophone in 1928, playing with Walter Page's Blue Devils. Early in the 1930s he played in the band of Grant Moore (1931–35) in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin area, and then worked with Eli Rice and Earl Hines. In 1937 he moved to New York, where he played with Fess Williams, Luis Russell and Louis Jordan, and joined Skeets Tolbert's band in 1939. In Tolbert's group Johnson sang in addition to playing sax. He recorded with Buster Harding, Eddie Durham, Edgar Hayes, Sidney Bechet, Claude Hopkins, St. Louis Jimmy Oden, Sam "The Man" Taylor and Sammy Price, and also cut some sessions as a leader, which have subsequently been released on compact disc. He also recorded with Johnny Long and his Orchestra on Coral Records (9-61478). After the 1940s he went into semi-retirement and occasionally played into the 1960s. Johnson died in New York City.
# Pee Dee River Railway

The Pee Dee River Railway is a South Carolina railroad that serves the far eastern portion of the state.
The Aberdeen and Rockfish Railroad established the Pee Dee River Railway between McColl, South Carolina, and Bennettsville, South Carolina, in 1987.
The line operated by the Pee Dee River Railway was begun in 1884 by the South Carolina Pacific Railway, a South Carolina railroad chartered in 1882.
It was leased to the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway Company beginning in 1884.
The Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley was placed in receivership in 1894 and for several decades ownership of the carrier changed hands repeatedly, until a North Carolina Supreme Court decision in 1924. The southern routes of the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley, including the South Carolina Pacific, went to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.
The lease for the South Carolina Pacific passed to the Atlantic Coast Line. The company was merged into the Seaboard System in 1983, with the South Carolina Pacific being officially dissolved.
Marlboro County, South Carolina, purchased the line following abandonment by CSX in 1987 and leased the operation to the Pee Dee River Railway.
The line operates seven days a week, serving several major industrial operations, including the Domtar paper mill, two Flakeboard mills, Mohawk Carpet, Hanson Aggregates and Southern States, a feed and fertilizer producer.
Update as of 2017 Pee Dee River no longer runs 7 days a week since they lost Hanson Aggregates, Southern States and Mohawk Carpet. Only customers left are the Domtar Paper Mill/Tatum distribution center and the flakeboard plant across from the mill. Operations are now 5 days a week and only one way trips each day now except both ways one of the days
# Pearl in the Palm

The Pearl in the Palm or the Timely Pearl (Tangut: 𗼇𘂜𗟲𗿳𗖵𘃎𘇂𗊏; Chinese: 番漢合時掌中珠; pinyin: Fān-Hàn Héshí Zhǎngzhōngzhū) is a bilingual glossary between the Chinese and Tangut languages. It survives as a single complete copy of a 12th-century woodblock printed book that was discovered in the Tangut city of Kharakhoto. In addition, a single page from a different copy of the same edition of the Pearl in the Palm was found at the Northern Mogao Caves in 1989. The book transcribes the pronunciation of Chinese words into Tangut characters, and the pronunciation of Tangut characters into Chinese characters, and so is a very important source for Tangut historical phonology, and was the primary source before the publication of monolingual Tangut dictionaries.

## Discovery

In 1909, the Russian explorer Pyotr Kozlov unearthed a number of texts and artefacts in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia, including the Pearl in the Palm and transported them back to St. Petersburg, Russia. There, Aleksei Ivanovich Ivanov, professor at Saint Petersburg State University, who was aware of its value, added it to his collection. It is now in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.
In 1912, Chinese scholars Luo Zhenyu and Feng Ge visited Ivanov upon learning about the work in his possession, and were given access to nine pages, which they photocopied for study. In 1922 Luo Zhenyu met Ivanov again, in Tianjin. It was only then he would have access to the full text, then ordered his son to make a full copy.
The Belgian scholar Luc Kwanten visited the Soviet Union in the late 1970s, and was able to photograph the whole of "The Pearl in the Palm". In 1982, the book finally saw the light of day when the photographed version was published in the United States.

## Content and style

The original book consists of 37 xylograph folios in concertina format. The preface is identical content written in both Chinese and Tangut. From the sentence "How can you mix with foreigners without learning foreign words, How can you be counted amongst the Han without learning Han words" (不學番言，則豈和番人之眾；不會漢語，則豈入漢人之數) it is clear that the book aimed to facilitate the Tanguts and the Chinese to learn each other's languages.
The book contains words 414 CPC, according to three powers are divided into nine categories: celestial bodies, celestial images, sky changes, terrestrial bodies, terrestrial images, terrestrial use, human body, human phase, human matters. One category is the most extensive content: personnel issues account for half of all the content.
Each entry contains four elements: from right to left, Tangut phonetics in Chinese, Tangut script, Chinese script, and Chinese phonetics in Tangut. The book is important in understanding and interpretation of the now dead Tangut language.
# Leisure Valley, Chandigarh

Leisure Valley is an extensive linear park spanning over 8 kilometers, in Chandigarh. Originally an eroded valley, it was transformed by Le Corbusier into a green corridor that traverses the city from Sector 1 in the north to Sector 53 in the south.
It comprises a series of themed gardens designed to offer both physical and mental rejuvenation to residents.
# Pedro Cornet

Pedro Cornet (born 29 April 1946) is a Paraguayan fencer. He competed in the individual foil event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Pekin duck

Pekin duck may refer to:
* American Pekin, an American breed of duck (the Pekin of the American Poultry Association)
* German Pekin, a European breed of duck (the Pekin of the Poultry Club of Great Britain)
* Peking duck, a Chinese duck dish
* Peking Duk, an Australian music duo
# Penllyn (cantref)

Penllyn (head of the lake i.e. Bala Lake or Llyn Tegid) was a medieval cantref originally in the Kingdom of Powys but annexed to the Kingdom of Gwynedd. It consisted of the commotes (cymydau) of Edeyrnion, Dinmael, Penllyn is Treweryn and Penllyn uwch Treweryn (is signifying 'below' and uwch 'above' the River Tryweryn).
On the north and west it bordered Gwynedd (the cantrefi of Tegeingl, Rhufoniog, Dunoding and Meirionydd); it bordered the Powys cantrefi of Maelor, Mochnant and Cyfeiliog on the east and south.
After the death of Madog ap Maredudd, the last Prince of the whole of Powys, and his eldest son and heir in 1160, the kingdom was divided between his surviving sons Gruffydd Maelor, Owain Fychan and Owain Brogyntyn, his nephew Owain Cyfeiliog and his half-brother Iorwerth Goch. Penllyn was inherited by Owain Brogyntyn; Edeyrnion had been the home of his mother (who was not married to his father) and he may also have been raised there.
The military skill and strength of Madog had prevented Gwynedd from asserting hegemony over Powys, but following Madog's death, it was able to force Owain Brogyntyn to become a vassal. Penllyn was thus annexed to Gwynedd.
Following the eventual defeat of Gwynedd by English forces, and the consequent Statute of Rhuddlan, it became part of Merionethshire
# Leo John

Leo John (born 25 June 1936) is a Trinidadian former cricketer. He played twenty-five first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago between 1958/59 and 1978/79.
# Pelkachaur

Pelkachaur is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1856 people living in 439 individual households.
# Percy Haswell

Percy Haswell (April 30, 1871 – June 24, 1945), frequently billed as Miss Percy Haswell or Mrs. George Fawcett to clarify her gender, was an American stage and film actress. Haswell was born in Austin, Texas, the daughter of George Tyler Haswell, a politician and businessman, and Caroline Dalton. She was educated in Washington, D.C., and while still a child she first appeared on the stage in March 1885. She appeared with the Lafayette Square Theatre in Washington and acted in New York City at Augustin Daly's Theatre. Her stage career also included appearances in Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Toronto and other locales, as well as New York, where she first appeared on Broadway in 1898, returning periodically through 1932.
On June 2, 1895, at Bridgeport, Connecticut, she married fellow actor George Fawcett. In 1901 at Baltimore she formed the Percy Haswell Stock Company but later took a secondary role to her husband, her company forming a constituent part of the George Fawcett Stock Company. For August 1903, Haswell performed as the leading lady at Denver's Elitch Theatre in four weekly productions with leading man, Robert Drouet. In 1925, she directed the Broadway play, The Complex. She also appeared in two silent films in 1919 and one in 1929.
She died at age 74 in Nantucket, Massachusetts, on June 14. 1945, the mother of one daughter.
Writer Fulton Oursler commented, in describing his infatuation with her, that she was "so blonde, so blue-eyed, with voice so throaty sweet. She was a lass from Austin, Texas, but to me she seemed to belong to some other world altogether. She was my first Rosalind, and Juliet, and Ophelia, and a dozen other heroines, sacred and profane."
# Percy Harrison (cricketer)

Percy Harrison (15 October 1878 – 11 April 1935) was an English first-class cricketer active 1899 who played for Nottinghamshire. He was born in Mansfield; died in Worksop.
# Percy Hartley

Percy Wilding Hartley was an English professional football manager who coached Belgian side Standard Liège in the 1920s and 1930s.
Hartley was baptised on 27 September 1895 in Halliwell, Bolton, Lancashire. He married a woman named Jessie Archer on 18 March 1919.
# Penn Square Bank

Penn Square Bank was a small American commercial bank located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The bank made a large number of poorly underwritten energy-related loans that it sold to other banks. Losses on these loans led to significant financial problems in these banks. Penn Square Bank declared bankruptcy in July 1982.

## History

The bank was founded in 1960 and was located in the rear of the Penn Square Mall in Oklahoma City. The bank made its name in high-risk energy loans during the late 1970s and early 1980s Oklahoma and Texas oil boom. Between 1974 and 1982, the bank's assets increased more than 15 times to $525 million and its deposits swelled from $29 million to more than $450 million. As a result primarily of irresponsible lending practices in connection with the sale of over $1 billion in "loan participations" to other banks throughout America, Penn Square Bank failed in July 1982. Unlike most previous bank failures since the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was formed, the uninsured depositors suffered losses as no other bank was willing to assume the deposits. As most of the deposits came from other financial institutions and represented high interest-rate jumbo certificates of deposit that were largely uninsured, this represented a major loss for the depositors. The investigation by the FDIC after the bank failure uncovered 451 possible criminal violations.
The bank is often cited as being partly responsible for the collapse of Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago, which had to write off $326 million in loans purchased from Penn Square. In addition, there were major losses at other banks, including Seattle First National Bank, Michigan National Bank, and Chase Manhattan Bank in New York. The bank's collapse coincided with the 1980s oil glut and Penn Square was the first of 139 Oklahoma banks that failed in the 1980s. The insolvency was the subject of two best-selling books and led to a two-year prison term for the bank's energy-lending chief, Bill Patterson.

## Penn Square alumni

* Bill P. (Beep) Jennings (b. 1923, d. 2003)
* William G. "Bill" Patterson
* Laurence Francis Rooney Jr. (b. 1925, d. 1980)
* Richard C. Haugland
* William Eugene Rowsey III
# Lemsalu

Lemsalu may refer to:
* Estonian name of Latvian town Limbaži
* Marek Lemsalu (born 1972), Estonian football player
* Liis Lemsalu (born 1992), Estonian singer, winner of the fourth season of Eesti otsib superstaari
# Penz

Penz may refer to:
* Alain Penz (born 1947), a French former alpine skier
* Claude Penz (born 1924), a French former alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics
* Markus Penz (born 1975), an Austrian skeleton racer who has competed since 2002
* Peter Penz (born 1984), an Austrian luger who has competed since 2003
# Pentarthrum

Pentarthrum is a genus of beetle in family Curculionidae. It contains about 70 species of mainly tropical distribution.

## Partial list of species

* Pentarthrum angustissimum Wollaston, 1873
* †Pentarthrum blackburni Sharp, 1878
* Pentarthrum halodorum Perkins, 1926
* Pentarthrum huttoni Wollaston, 1854
* Pentarthrum obscurum Sharp, 1878
# Legend FM

Legend FM is a nationwide commercial English FM radio station in Fiji. It is owned by the Communications Fiji Limited (CFL), company which also owns FM96-Fiji, Viti FM, Radio Navtarang and Radio Sargam. Legend FM is streaming in three frequencies: 98.6FM in Suva, Navua, Nausori, Labasa, Nadi and Lautoka; 99FM in Savusavu, Coral Coast, Ba and Tavua; and 99.4FM in Rakiraki. Legend FM can also be accessed online with the subscription fee of 70USD for a year.
This station hit the air in 2002. Legend FM plays the hits from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s and across the various genres from rock to disco, soul to reggae. The main competitors of Legend FM are Mix FM-Fiji, Gold FM-Fiji and 2day FM-Fiji.
Legend FM is managed by Charles Taylor.
# Penrose criterion

The Penrose criterion in Plasma Physics is a criterion for the kinetic stability of a plasma with a given velocity-space distribution function. This criterion can be used to determine that all so-called "single-humped" distributions (those with a single maximum), are kinetically stable. It is not employed in accounting for the electric field.
# Pennsylvania's 35th congressional district

Pennsylvania's 35th congressional district was one of Pennsylvania's districts of the United States House of Representatives.

## Geography

District boundaries eventually set to cover parts of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## List of members representing the district

| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history |
| District established March 4, 1923 |||||
| James M. Magee (Pittsburgh) | Republican | March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1927 | 68th 69th | Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Lost re-election. |
| Harry A. Estep (Pittsburgh) | Republican | March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1933 | 70th 71st 72nd | Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Lost re-election. |
| District dissolved March 3, 1933 |||||
# Pentosin

Deutsche Pentosin-Werke GmbH, commonly known as Pentosin, is a global independent manufacturer of lubricants and related speciality products. The company was founded in 1927 at Hamburg, Germany. The current Pentosin headquarters are at Wedel in Schleswig-Holstein, not far from where the company had been founded.
The company philosophy is: "Quality and Continuity".

## History

In 1927, Heinrich Freudenthal formed a family-owned company, Deutsche Pentosin-Werke, creating veterinary and medical products. The high reputation of the products rapidly developed, and by 1935, the company was licensing the production of various Pentosin products in other countries, including Austria, the Czech Republic, Italy and Switzerland. The founder also recognised the need to supply the growing automotive markets, and started development of automotive lubricants and hydraulic brake fluids. Around this time, Freudenthal recognised that car makers initiated specific product approvals, and Pentosin progressed their research and development (R&D) in this direction. Pentosin were rewarded with approvals to supply the initial "factory fill", and with the resultant approvals, aftermarket sales progressed in a positive manner. From the outset, Freudenthal demanded a key objective of quality in all Pentosin products, and this stance still remains today.
By the 1960s, Pentosin had a "second wind", and the company enjoyed increased success. As product lines developed and increased, the company was starting to outgrow their current facilities, and so in 1960, started development of a new blending plant at Dormagen, North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1972, the company's original site in Hamburg was now too small, and so moved to a larger premises, a short distance up the river Elbe to their current location of Wedel.
In 2015, the company was bought by Fuchs Petrolub SE. Since then, the Pentosin brand continues to be sold alongside Fuchs branded products.

## Automotive products

Pentosin produces a wide range of high quality, "original equipment manufacturer" (OEM) specified products, as well as aftermarket products. These include automotive lubricants (engine motor oils, and transmission oils/fluids, for motor cars and motorcycles, including synthetic oils), industrial lubricants, and hydraulic products.
Pentosin products are supplied directly to many different automotive companies, including all marques of the Volkswagen Group, BMW, Daimler AG marques, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Europe and Porsche.
Pentosin FFL-2 is factory fill for the Volkswagen/Audi dual-clutch Direct-Shift Gearbox.
Pentosin FFL-4 is now being used in the new C8 Corvette dual clutch transmission.
# Lemon Joy

Lemon Joy is a Lithuanian synthpop band formed in Vilnius in 1994, consisting of Igoris Kofas (vocals), Olegas Semionovas (guitar, keyboards) and Rytis Rutkauskas (drums).

## Biography

Lemon Joy, originally called "Этаж-3", was founded in 1994 by four Russian–Lithuanians Igoris Kofas, Olegas Semionovas, Maksimas Bambras and Sergėjus Grėjus. In 1996, the band was renamed to "Lemon's Joy" and soon played its first concert along with another emerging Lithuanian rock band Airija in Kaunas. During its early years, Lemon's Joy music focused on the gothic rock/alt rock sound, whose basis became distorted guitar riffs and prominent bass line combined with Igoris's emotional, dreamy lyrics.
The band won the so–called Baddest Groups' Festival in 1996 with their song "City of Berries", which had become a number one hit the same year in "Ultra Vires", one of the first commercial radio stations in independent Lithuania. Later that year, the band participated in the Roko Maršas, a Lithuanian music festival dedicated to rock music.
Up until the Roko Maršas, Lemon's Joy primarily played songs written in English; they decided to play their first Lithuanian single "Glostyk" during the festival and later released an album under the same name, winning a Bravo trophy (equivalent of the Grammy) for best first album.
In 1997, the band participated in "Rock Summer" music festival in Tallinn. The following year, the group was renamed to its current name and began to focus on electronic music after bassist Sergėjus Grėjus left the band.
In 2006, the group released its fifth studio album titled 1210, which was well–received by Lithuanian audiences and reached top positions in Lithuanian charts.
In 2011, the group released its seventh album titled "Stebuklas", whose Italo-disco single Kažkada topped the charts in several Lithuanian radio stations.
In November 2016, Lemon Joy released its latest album "Willkommen".

## Image

Despite the band's focus on electronic music production, Lemon Joy often uses electric guitars and drum kits on–stage to add a rock'n'roll element to their performances. Igoris is also known for his flashy costumes, accessories and blonde dyed hair.

## Albums

| Title | Release Year | Record Company | Notable Singles |
| Glostyk | 1996 | Bomba Records | City of Berries, Glostyk |
| Super | 1998 | Bomba Records | |
| Mylėti tave beprotiška ir keista | 1999 | Bomba Records | Mylėti tave beprotiška ir keista |
| REstart | 2001 | Bomba Records | Geltoni krantai (FOJE), Pamiršk mane (Hiperbolė) |
| Electropop | 2004 | Bomba Records | |
| 1210 | 2006 | M.P.3 | |
| Stebuklas | 2011 | – | Kažkada |
| Willkommen | 2016 | M.P.3 | Ylang ylang, Willkommen, Be atšvaitų |
| S | 2019 | M.P.3 | Tavo rytojus |
# Pentti Hakkarainen

Pentti Hakkarainen may refer to one of the following:
* Pentti Ensio Hakkarainen, educational psychologist of Finnish origin
* Pentti Kalevi Hakkarainen, Finnish banker
# Pentti Glan

Pentti "Whitey" Glan (July 8, 1946 – November 7, 2017) was a Finnish-Canadian rock drummer, best known for his work with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed.

## Musical career

Glan's first serious band was the Canadian soul band The Rogues (later called Mandala) which he formed with keyboardist Josef Chirowski and bassist Don Elliot; they had worked together in other bands like Whitey & The Roulettes (which also featured guitarist Mike McKenna). Mandala had their first hit single with "Opportunity" with original singer George Olliver, recorded at Chess Records.
In 1966 Glan played several shows with Mandala in Ontario and recorded the first two demo songs of his career ("I Can't Hold Out No Longer" and "I'll Make It Up To You"). Roy Kenner had replaced George Olliver. When they played their first shows in the USA they performed at the Whisky a Go Go. They recorded their only album Soul Crusade in 1968 which produced a hit single ("Loveitis") but they disbanded in 1969 after several line-up changes and poor album sales.
He formed another group called Bush in 1971 with Mandala bandmates Domenic Troiano, Roy Kenner and Prakash John. They released a self-titled album and toured with Steppenwolf, after which they disbanded.
Glan became a session drummer, playing on the first and second solo albums of Steppenwolf's John Kay. In 1974, Glan began touring with Lou Reed, playing on two live albums and one studio album. In 1975 Glan joined Alice Cooper for the recording of his first solo album Welcome To My Nightmare and subsequent tour, and later appeared on the live album The Alice Cooper Show. Glan toured with Alice Cooper from 1975 to 1979 during the Madhouse Tour, supporting Cooper's From the Inside album. He also appeared in the movie The Rose as the drummer of The Rose Band.
He died on November 7, 2017, of lung cancer at the age of 71.

## Partial discography

* 1968 - Mandala - Soul Crusade
* 1970 - Bush - Bush
* 1972 - John Kay - Forgotten Songs and Unsung Heroes
* 1972 - Domenic Troiano - Domenic Troiano
* 1973 - John Kay - My Sportin' Life
* 1974 - Lou Reed - Rock 'n' Roll Animal
* 1974 - Lou Reed - Sally Can't Dance
* 1974 - Anne Murray - Highly Prized Possession
* 1975 - Lou Reed - Lou Reed Live
* 1975 - Alice Cooper - Welcome to My Nightmare
* 1976 - Klaatu - 3:47 EST
* 1977 - Alice Cooper - The Alice Cooper Show
* 1977 - American Flyer - Spirit Of A Woman
* 1979 - Bette Midler - The Rose (soundtrack)
* 1981 - Stella - Qué Nota!
* 1984 - David Wilcox - Bad Reputation
* 2007 - Downchild Blues Band - Come On In
* 2008 - Rex Mann - Northbound
# Lemon Creek

Lemon Creek can refer to:
* Lemon Creek, British Columbia, Canada, a village in the Slocan Valley
* Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska, USA, a neighborhood, noted for its state prison
* Lemon Creek (Alaska), USA, a waterway
* Lemon Creek (St. Joseph River tributary), a stream in Michigan
* Lemon Creek (Staten Island), New York, a stream