OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tsai-Hill failure criterion

The Tsai–Hill failure criterion is one of the phenomenological material failure theories, which is widely used for anisotropic composite materials which have different strengths in tension and compression. The Tsai-Hill criterion predicts failure when the failure index in a laminate reaches 1.

## Tsai–Hill failure criterion in plane stress

The Tsai-Hill criterion is based on an energy theory with interactions between stresses. Ply rupture appears when:
    ${\begin{aligned}\left({\cfrac {\sigma _{11}}{X_{11}}}\right)^{2}-\left({\cfrac {\sigma _{11}\sigma _{22}}{X_{11}^{2}}}\right)+\left({\cfrac {\sigma _{22}}{X_{22}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\cfrac {\tau _{12}}{S_{12}}}\right)^{2}\geq 1\end{aligned}}$
Where:
    ${\begin{aligned}X_{11}\end{aligned}}$ is the allowable strength of the ply in the longitudinal direction (0° direction)
    ${\begin{aligned}X_{22}\end{aligned}}$ is the allowable strength of the ply in the transversal direction (90° direction)
    ${\begin{aligned}S_{12}\end{aligned}}$ is the allowable in-plane shear strength of the ply between the longitudinal and the transversal directions$$
The Tsai hill criterion is interactive, i.e. the stresses in different directions are not decoupled and do affect the failure simultaneously. Furthermore, it is a failure mode independent criterion, as it does not predict the way in which the material will fail, as opposed to mode-dependent criteria such as the Hashin criterion, or the Puck failure criterion. This can be important as some types of failure can be more critical than others.
# Tryon County

Tryon County is the name of two former counties in the United States:
* Tryon County, New York- 1772-1784
* Tryon County, North Carolina- 1768-1779
# Tryon (surname)

Tryon is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon (1906–1976), British peer
* Chloe Tryon (born 1994), South African cricketer
* Darrell Tryon (1942-2013), Australian linguist
* Dwight William Tryon (1849–1925), American painter
* Edward Tryon (fl. 20th century), American physicist
* George Tryon (1832–1893), British naval officer
* George Tryon, 1st Baron Tryon (1871–1940), British peer
* George Washington Tryon (1838–1888), Jr., American malacologist
* James R. Tryon (1837–1912), American naval doctor and Surgeon General of the United States Navy
* Joe Tryon-Shoyinka (born 1999), American football player
* Justin Tryon (born 1984), American football player
* Kate Tryon (1865–1952), American journalist, artist and lecturer
* Richard Tryon (1837 —1905), British Army officer and cricketer
* Richard T. Tryon, retired U.S. Marine lieutenant general.
* Robert Tryon (1901-1967), American behavioral psychologist/geneticist
* Rolla M. Tryon Jr. (1916–2001), American botanist
* Thomas Tryon (1634–1703), British vegetarian
* Thomas Tryon (architect) (1859–1920), American architect
* Tom Tryon (1926–1991), American actor and author
* Ty Tryon (born 1984), American professional golfer
* Valerie Tryon (born 1934), Canadian pianist
* William Tryon (1729–1788), British colonial governor in America
# Tubby Hall

Alfred "Tubby" Hall (October 12, 1895 – May 13, 1945) was an American jazz drummer.
Hall was born in Sellers, Louisiana; his family moved to New Orleans in his childhood. His younger brother, Minor "Ram" Hall, also became a professional drummer. He played in many marching bands in New Orleans, including with Buddie Petit.
In March 1917, Tubby Hall moved to Chicago, where he played with Sugar Johnny Smith. After two years in the United States Army, he returned to playing in Chicago, mostly with New Orleans bands, joining Carroll Dickerson's Orchestra (recording with it in 1927) and later with the groups of King Oliver, Jimmie Noone, Tiny Parham, Johnny Dodds. Noted swing and big-band drummer Gene Krupa said that Hall and Zutty Singleton "were great! They knew every trick and just how to phrase the parts of the choruses behind the horns, how to lead a man in, what to do at the turn-arounds, when to use sticks and when to use brushes, when to go for the rims or the woodblocks, what cymbals are for."
He is seen in Armstrong's movies of the early 1930s, including the live action and Betty Boop cartoon I'll Be Glad When You're Dead, You Rascal You (1932) and A Rhapsody in Black and Blue (1932), made by Paramount. Only Armstrong and Hall got closeups in the two films, and both got their faces transposed with those of racially stereotyped "jungle natives" in the cartoon. Hall morphs from a jazz drummer to a cannibal stirring a cooking pot with two wooden sticks.
His drumming style was forceful and sober, generally maintaining a constant tempo on the snare. Jazz critic Hugues Panassié considered him one of the three greatest jazz drummers of his generation, along with Zutty Singleton and Warren "Baby" Dodds.
Tubby Hall died in Chicago.
# Tucuruí Airport

Tucuruí Regional Airport (IATA: TUR, ICAO: SBTU) is the airport serving Tucuruí, Brazil.
It is operated by Esaero.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Azul Conecta | Belém |

## Access

The airport is located 8 km (5 mi) from downtown Tucuruí.
# Tule, Nevada

Tule is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States.
Tule was a station east of Weso on the Southern Pacific Railroad with the first reference from a 1881 map. The name comes from the Nahuatl word "tollin", which means bullrush.
An 1890 book includes Tule in a list of towns and settlements in Humboldt County.
# Turbonilla alfredi

Turbonilla alfredi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 7.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Grand Cayman Island, Virgin Islands: St. Croix at depths between 2.4 m and 2.7 m.
# Tupenu

Tupenu is the Tongan term for a wrapped garment also called a sarong, lungi, or lava-lava, worn through much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, Arabian Peninsula, the Horn of Africa and Oceania. It is analogous to the kilt worn in Scotland.
The tupenu worn by women is wide enough to cover the body between the waist and ankles, and long enough to wrap securely around the waist. The standard width of cloth yardage (45 inches) is generally wide enough, so a tupenu can be made in a matter of minutes by cutting and wrapping cloth from the bolt. Women wear a knee length dress, or kofu, over the tupenu. On dress occasions, women wear matching kofu and tupenu, sewn from the same yardage. Fancy tupenus are often slightly tailored, with darts sewn into the top, so that they will fit the body more closely. On ceremonial occasions, women wear a ta'ovala, or finely woven pandanus mat, over the kofu and tupenu. The kiekie, a kind of grass or string skirt, is an acceptable, comfortable alternative to the ta'ovala on most occasions.
The tupenu worn by men is wide enough to cover the body between the waist and knees, and long enough to wrap securely around the waist. For work and casual wear, any piece of cloth will do. On dress occasions, men will wear tupenu tailored like Western wrap skirts and made from suit material. These tupenu coordinate with Western suit-jackets. Usually the formal tupenu will be covered with a ta'ovala worn as a sign of respect. The man's ta'ovala is analogous to the Western necktie.
# Tui (intellectual)

A Tui is an intellectual who sells his or her abilities and opinions as a commodity in the marketplace or who uses them to support the dominant ideology of an oppressive society. The German modernist theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht invented the term and used it in a range of critical and creative projects, including the material that he developed in the mid-1930s for his so-called Tui-Novel—an unfinished satire on intellectuals in the German Empire and Weimar Republic—and his epic comedy from the early 1950s, Turandot or the Whitewashers' Congress. The word is a neologism that results from the acronym of a word play on "intellectual" ("Tellekt-Ual-In").
According to Mark Clark:
   ... the critique of intellectuals which Brecht developed... around the notion of ‘Tuismus’ engages a model of the public intellectual in which the self-image of the artist and thinker as a socially and politically engaged person corresponded to the expectations of the public. Partisan without being bound to a party, independent of official institutions yet experienced in surviving within institutions, prepared to entertain risks and undertake unconventional experiments: this was how Brecht accommodated a world which he envisioned as changeable. His antagonistic worldview fed on crisis and found its most productive, creative impulse in the escalation of contradictions.
Brecht routinely referred to the members of the Frankfurt School, particularly Theodor Adorno, as "Tuis". The corresponding term "Tuism" describes the theory and practice of the Tui-intellectual.
# Turbo cepoides

Turbo cepoides is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.
This is a species inquirenda.
Some authors place the name in the subgenus Turbo (Marmarostoma)
# Turritella maculata

Turritella maculata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 10 mm.

## Distribution

The marine species occurs off Australia; in the Indian Ocean and in the Red Sea.
# Naters, Netherlands

Naters is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located about 2 km east of the town of Rockanje, on the island Voorne-Putten.
Naters was a separate municipality from 1817 to 1855, when it became part of Rockanje.
# Ángel Pulido

Ángel Pulido Fernández (1852–1932) was a Spanish physician, publicist and Liberal politician, who stood out as prominent philosephardite during the Restoration.

## Biography

Born on 2 February 1852 in the calle de las Infantas, Madrid, to a humble Catholic family of Asturian origin. He took studies in Medicine during the Sexenio Democrático (1868–1874).
He vowed to rebuild the links between and the Sephardi Jews, descendant of those expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century. He coined the expression españoles sin patria (Spaniards without a homeland) to refer to Sephardi Jews. His brand of Philosephardism, marked by a racialist approach, was not exempt, not unlike other philosephardists, from a certain degree of Islamophobia, and also stressed the superiority of Sephardi Jews over Ashkenazim. Aside from the pro-Sephardi cause, he also campaigned for humanization of the death penalty, for the professionalization of veterinarians, in favour of blind people and in favour of conscription.
He became a member of the National Royal Academy of Medicine. Elected Senator by the Academy of Medicine in 1899, and later in 1903 by the University of Salamanca, Pulido became a Senator for life in 1910.
He died on 4 December 1932.
# Électricité (Man Ray)

Électricité (English: Electricity) is a photographic series or portfolio by the American photographer Man Ray, created in 1931, for advertising. The series is usually referred by the original French title.

## History and development

The series was originally commissioned by the Compagnie Parisienne de Distribution d'Électricité (CPDE), a French electricity company. The pictures were intended to promote the domestic use of electricity, at a time when households were often still dependent on gas, wood or coal.
The portfolio consists of ten photographs, made in the experimental process that Man Ray named "rayographs". They depict the use of various electrical devices of the time. The images were created by placing the devices directly on light-sensitive paper and exposing it to electric light. Man Ray also added five of his own images, including a female nude, representing his mistress, Lee Miller, the moon and a roasted chicken. The series originally had a circulation of 500 and was distributed by the CPDE to managers and special customers. Electricity can be considered a successful expression and merger of both advertising and art.
Jeff L. Rosenheim stated that this portfolio "is a prime example of Man Ray’s experimental style of photography that flourished during the interwar period" and that "“Man Ray strives to make the invisible visible, electricity, creating her visual equivalents: solarization, montage, photogram, to suggest the dynamism of a hidden energy.”

## Public collections

Portfolios or photographs from the series are held in several museum, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York, the National Gallery of Art, in Washington, D.C., the Smithsonian American Art Museum, in Washington, D.C., the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London, and the Rijksmuseum, in Amsterdam.
# U4

U4, U-4, or U04 may refer to:

## Science and technology

* U4 spliceosomal RNA, a non-coding RNA component of the major U2-dependent spliceosome
* Haplogroup U4 (mtDNA), a human genetic group
* U4, unitary group of degree 4
* U-47700, a synthetic opioid
* U04, the ICD-10 code for severe acute respiratory syndrome

## Transport

* U-Bahn lines
** U4 (Berlin U-Bahn)
** U4 (Frankfurt U-Bahn)
** U4 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
** U4 (Munich U-Bahn)
** U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)
* German submarine U-4, one of several German submarines
* London Buses route U4
* U-4, the U.S. Air Force version of the Aero Commander (aircraft), a light twin-engined aircraft from Aero Design and Engineering Company
* U-4, the Japanese air self-defense force designation for the Gulfstream IV aircraft
* U4, PMTair (former) IATA airline designator
* U4, Buddha Air current IATA airline designator

## Other uses

* U4, the former name of the Maple League of Universities
* U4, an unemployment figure released by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
* Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar, a video game
* U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre en organisasjon under Chr. Michelsens Institutt [no]
# U42

U42 or U-42 may refer to:
* German submarine U-42, various vessels
* Great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron
* HMS Modeste (U42), a sloop of the Royal Navy
* Small nucleolar RNA SNORD42
* South Valley Regional Airport, serving Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
* U42, a line of the Dortmund Stadtbahn
# Tweedsmuir Park

Tweedsmuir Park may refer to:
* Tweedsmuir North Provincial Park and Protected Area
* Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park
# Tweedy (surname)

Tweedy is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Tweedy (born 1880), American politician
* Alice B. Tweedy (1850–1934), American journalist and writer
* Cheryl Tweedy (born 1983), English singer, dancer, and television personality
* Damon Tweedy, American physician and academic
* Frank Tweedy (1854–1937), American botanist
* George Tweedy (1913–1987), English footballer
* Hilda Tweedy (1911–2005), Irish activist
* Jeff Tweedy (born 1967), American songwriter, musician, and record producer
* John Tweedy (1849–1924), British surgeon
* John Hubbard Tweedy (1814–1891), American politician
* Samuel Tweedy (1776–1868), American politician
# Çeltikçi, Kızılcahamam

Çeltikçi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızılcahamam, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 291 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated to the south of Çamlıdere Dam reservoir and to the south west of Kızılcahamam. The earliest references to Çeltikçi are of 1691 when the Ottoman government forced a small Turkmen tribe to settle. But later other people like Circassians from the Caucasus, Turks from Veliko Tarnovo (modern Bulgaria), Circassians and Tatars from Dobruja (modern Romania) were also settled in Çeltikçi.
# Töreboda Municipality

Töreboda Municipality (Töreboda kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Töreboda and it includes the population centers of Älgarås and Moholm.
The present municipality was formed in 1971, when the market town (köping) of Töreboda (itself instituted in 1909) was amalgamated with Moholm and parts of Undenäs and Hova.

## Demographics

This is a demographic table based on Töreboda Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.
In total there were 9,180 residents, including 7,055 Swedish citizens of voting age. 42.6% voted for the left coalition and 55.2% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.
| Location | Residents | Citizen adults | Left vote | Right vote | Employed | Swedish parents | Foreign heritage | Income SEK | Degree |
| Location | | | % | % | | | | | |
| Björkäng | 2,019 | 1,558 | 44.6 | 52.3 | 68 | 75 | 25 | 18,443 | 23 |
| Kilen | 2,241 | 1,675 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 86 | 91 | 9 | 25,785 | 32 |
| Kårtorp | 1,525 | 1,172 | 44.8 | 53.8 | 73 | 73 | 27 | 21,422 | 30 |
| Moholm | 1,939 | 1,525 | 37.4 | 61.0 | 78 | 87 | 13 | 23,288 | 29 |
| Älgarås | 1,456 | 1,125 | 37.6 | 58.8 | 77 | 88 | 12 | 20,327 | 26 |
| Source: SVT ||||||||||
# Twin Islands Wildlife Sanctuary

The Twin Islands Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Twin Islands, including North Twin Island and South Twin Island, within central James Bay.
The wildlife sanctuary received its designation on 2 May 1939 and has an area of 142,500 hectares (35,200 acres). It is classified as Category IV by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

## Other designations

The Twin Islands are also classified as a Canadian Important Bird Area; the IBA is within the wildlife sanctuary.

## Fauna

The sanctuary is an important habitat for polar bears, walruses, Canada geese, and semipalmated plovers.
# Twin Islands (Andaman Islands)

Twin Islands is an island of the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The islands are 35 km (22 mi) south from Port Blair.

## Geography

The islands belongs to the Rutland Archipelago and are located west of Bada Khari. West Twin has an area of 20.5 ha (51 acres) and a coastline of 1.73 km (1 mi), East Twin has an area of 38.2 ha (94 acres) and a coastline of 2.6 km (2 mi).

## Administration

Politically, Twin Islands are part of Port Blair Taluk.

## Demographics

The islands are uninhabited.
# Twin Infinitives

Twin Infinitives is the second studio album by Royal Trux. It was released as a double LP in 1990 by Drag City, then reissued on CD and cassette in 1994. Twin Infinitives is the first full-length album released under Chicago independent label Drag City.
Twin Infinitives is noted for its deconstructed arrangements, unorthodox vocals and dense production; all were extremes rarely visited to the same degrees on Royal Trux's later releases.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 5/10 |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| NME | 9/10 |
| Select | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 9/10 |
| Uncut | 9/10 |

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Neil Hagerty and Jennifer Herrema

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Neil Hagerty – vocals, guitar, percussion, production
* Jennifer Herrema – vocals, organ, percussion, production
* Greg Freeman – engineering
# Éric Boullier

Éric René Boullier (born 9 November 1973) is a French motor racing engineer and manager. He was the racing director of the McLaren F1 Team from 2014 to 2018. During the 2010 to 2013 seasons, he was the team principal of Lotus F1, and was vice chairman of Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) until it was disbanded after six years.

## Career

Boullier is a graduate of the French Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Appliquées engineering school where he studied aeronautical and spacecraft engineering. In 2002, he took the position of chief engineer with the Spanish Racing Engineering team, in charge of its World Series by Nissan programme.
In early 2003, he moved to the French DAMS team to become the managing and technical director, including the A1 Team France operation.
At the end of 2008, Boullier became the CEO of Gravity Sport Management, where he was in charge of many young drivers including Ho-Pin Tung, Adrien Tambay, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Christian Vietoris.
After the 2009 season, the Renault F1 team was bought-into by investment company Genii Capital. One of Genii's leading figures is Gerard Lopez, who is a major backer of Gravity Sport. On 5 January 2010, Boullier was announced as the new team principal, despite never having worked in Formula One before. The Renault F1 team finished fifth in the World Constructors' Championship in 2010 and, following Renault's withdrawal, the newly named Lotus Renault GP team finished fifth in the World Constructors' Championship in 2011. For 2012, Boullier remained as team principal, which was renamed again to Lotus F1 Team. He continued in that role for the 2013 season.
On 24 January 2014, Boullier resigned as Team Principal for Lotus F1 Team Limited. Gérard Lopez assumed responsibilities as Lotus F1 Team Principal with immediate effect.
On 29 January 2014, Boullier was appointed racing director of the McLaren Formula One racing team under Ron Dennis, chairman and chief executive officer of McLaren Group. The announcement was made as part of a larger senior management overhaul at McLaren Group's racing unit.
On 4 July 2018 he announced his resignation from McLaren Racing.
In February 2019, Boullier joined the French Grand Prix organization as strategic sports and operational advisor and ambassador, and was named managing director in January 2020.
# Třebestovice

Třebestovice is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

## Geography

Třebestovice is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Nymburk and 29 km (18 mi) east of Prague. It lies in a flat landscape of the Central Elbe Table within the Polabí region. The Šembera River flows through the municipality.

## History

The first written mention of Třebestovice is from 993, when the village was donated by Duke Boleslaus II to the newly established Břevnov Monastery. The monastery owned Třebestovice until the Hussite Wars. Then it became part of the Přerov estate, which lasted until 1621, when the Přerov estate was joined to the Brandýs estate.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 320 | — |
| 1880 | 394 | +23.1% |
| 1890 | 396 | +0.5% |
| 1900 | 365 | −7.8% |
| 1910 | 421 | +15.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 431 | +2.4% |
| 1930 | 677 | +57.1% |
| 1950 | 738 | +9.0% |
| 1961 | 825 | +11.8% |
| 1970 | 777 | −5.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 848 | +9.1% |
| 1991 | 757 | −10.7% |
| 2001 | 789 | +4.2% |
| 2011 | 943 | +19.5% |
| 2021 | 1,136 | +20.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The D11 motorway (part of the European route E67) from Prague to Hradec Králové passes through the municipality.
Třebestovice is located on the short railway line Nymburk–Poříčany.

## Sights

There are no protected cultural monuments in the municipality.
# Tüske

Tüske is a Hungarian surname, it means thorn. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ferenc Tüske (born 1942), Hungarian volleyball player
* Roland Tüske (born 1977), Hungarian footballer
# UATV

UATV is an acronym representing any of the following:
* Urban America Television, defunct television network in the United States
* United Artists Television, defunct television production and syndication arm of United Artists Pictures
* UATV, Ukrainian public broadcaster, operated by Ukrinform
# Étricourt-Manancourt

Étricourt-Manancourt (French pronunciation:; Picard: Étricourt-Monancourt) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Étricourt-Manancourt is situated on the D43 road, some 59 km (37 mi) east-northeast of Amiens.