OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Society of Berbice

The Society of Berbice (Dutch: Sociëteit van Berbice) was founded on 24 October 1720 by the owners of the colony of Berbice currently in Guyana. These owners (Arnold Dix, Pieter Schuurmans, Cornelis van Peere, and brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn) had acquired the colony from the French on 24 October 1714, who in turn had occupied the colony which was previously a hereditary fief in the possession of the Van Peere family.
In 1720, the five owners of the colony founded a Society of Berbice in a similar fashion to the Society of Suriname, which governed the neighbouring colony, in order to raise more capital for the colony. Both brothers shared one quarter of the company, and could only cast one vote. The Society was a public company listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange.
In the years following, Berbice became the second most flourishing Dutch colony in the Guianas after Suriname, consisting of 12 plantations owned by the society, 93 private plantations along the Berbice River, and 20 plantations along the Canje River. The colony was dealt a severe blow when a slave uprising broke out under the leadership of Coffy in February 1763. The uprising lead to a steep population decline, abandonment and destruction of many plantations, and serious financial problems for the Society.
In 1795, after the dissolution of the Dutch West India Company, the company decided to sell its possessions. The company remained in operation after Berbice was ceded to Great Britain. In November 1818, their last plantations were sold to Davidson’s, Barkly & Co, and after selling out the last investors, the company closed their offices in 1821.
# Smrčevice

Smrčevice is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was just 1, a Bosniak.
# Soane Lilo Foliaki

Soane Lilo Foliaki (18 April 1933 − 24 December 2013) was the third Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tonga.

## Education

Soane was educated at St Patrick's College, Silverstream. He graduated the University of Hull, and achieved a degree in mathematics.

## Priesthood

He was ordained to the priesthood on 21 July 1955, Foliaki was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tonga, Tonga on 10 June 1994 and retired on 18 April 2008.

## Death

He died in Nuku‘alofa on December 24, 2013. His funeral was held at St Peter Chanel’s church, Clover Park, New Zealand on December 29, 2013.
# Société de l'histoire de France

The Société de l'histoire de France (SHF) (English: Society of the History of France) was established on 21 December 1833 at the instigation of the French minister of Public Instruction, François Guizot, in order to contribute to the renewal of historical scholarship fuelled by a widespread interest in national history, typical of the Romantic period. On 31 July 1851 it was approved by President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte as being of public interest. For over 175 years, the SHF has been one of the main forces in the publishing of texts and documents on French history. Many leading French historians of the 19th and 20th centuries have been elected to its annual presidency. Its field was initially limited to the period before 1789, but the SHF later absorbed the Société d'histoire contemporaine (1927).
Its series of critical editions and its periodicals (Bulletin and Annuaire, combined since 1863 under the title Annuaire-Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France ABSHF) amount to over 500 volumes, containing considerable historical source material: mainly chronicles, memoirs, journals and letters, but also other documents such as financial or judicial records. A large proportion of all volumes published up to 1940 are now freely accessible online, through the digital library of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica, and Google Books.
The SHF gathers twice a year for a lecture on a historical subject and, on occasions, holds conferences for a wider audience.
Membership is open to both professional historians and serious amateurs interested in supporting and taking part in the activities of the SHF.
Among other resources, the SHF website provides the complete catalogue of publications (with links to all titles available for reading or buying online) and a general index of articles and documents published in the Annuaire-Bulletin from 1911 to the present.
The Current President is Claude Gauvard
# Sociological Methods & Research

Sociological Methods & Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in the field of sociology. The journal's editor-in-chief is Felix Elwert (University of Wisconsin-Madison). It was established in 1972 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

Sociological Methods & Research is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 3.625, ranking it 5 out of 146 journals in the category "Sociology" and 3 out of 49 journals in the category "Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods".
# Soestbach

Soestbach is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Ahse near Berwicke.
# Solanesyl diphosphate synthase

Solanesyl diphosphate synthase may refer to:
* All-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific), enzyme
* All-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific), enzyme
# Pocadius helvolus

Pocadius helvolus, the hairy puffball beetle, is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Polar homology

In complex geometry, a polar homology is a group which captures holomorphic invariants of a complex manifold in a similar way to usual homology of a manifold in differential topology. Polar homology was defined by B. Khesin and A. Rosly in 1999.

## Definition

Let M be a complex projective manifold. The space $C_{k}$ of polar k-chains is a vector space over ${\mathbb {C} }$ defined as a quotient $A_{k}/R_{k}$, with $A_{k}$ and $R_{k}$ vector spaces defined below.

### Defining A$_k$

The space $A_{k}$ is freely generated by the triples $(X,f,\alpha )$, where X is a smooth, k-dimensional complex manifold, $f:\;X\mapsto M$ a holomorphic map, and $\alpha$ is a rational k-form on X, with first order poles on a divisor with normal crossing.

### Defining R$_k$

The space $R_{k}$ is generated by the following relations.
* $\lambda (X,f,\alpha )=(X,f,\lambda \alpha )$
* $(X,f,\alpha )=0$ if $\dim f(X)<k$.
* $\ \sum _{i}(X_{i},f_{i},\alpha _{i})=0$ provided that
       $\sum _{i}f_{i*}\alpha _{i}\equiv 0,$
    where
    $dim\;f_{i}(X_{i})=k$ for all $i$ and the push-forwards $f_{i*}\alpha _{i}$ are considered on the smooth part of $\cup _{i}f_{i}(X_{i})$.

### Defining the boundary operator

The boundary operator $\partial :\;C_{k}\mapsto C_{k-1}$ is defined by
    $\partial (X,f,\alpha )=2\pi {\sqrt {-1}}\sum _{i}(V_{i},f_{i},res_{V_{i}}\,\alpha )$,
where $V_{i}$ are components of the polar divisor of $\alpha$, res is the Poincaré residue, and $f_{i}=f|_{V_{i}}$ are restrictions of the map f to each component of the divisor.
Khesin and Rosly proved that this boundary operator is well defined, and satisfies $\partial ^{2}=0$. They defined the polar cohomology as the quotient $\operatorname {ker} \;\partial /\operatorname {im} \;\partial$.
# Santeri Salokivi

Toivo Santeri Salokivi – Johansson until 1900 – (2 September 1886, Turku – 26 March 1940, Helsinki), was a Finnish painter and graphic artist.

## Biography

Salokivi studied at the Turku Drawing School [fi] between 1900–1904 and thereafter in Munich and Paris. He taught at the Turku Drawing School between 1914–1917 and ran his own painting school in Helsinki between 1931 and 1933. Salokivi's works are greatly influenced by light saturation. His works include impressionistic archipelago motifs, figure compositions and finely executed etchings.
His wife was Majsi Salokivi (1888–1953), née Maria Mattson.
He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.

## Works

* Crofter, 1905
* Fluttery Summer Dress, 1910
* View from the Bank of Aura River, 1913
* Alley in Naantali, 1913
* Sunset in Pargas, 1916
* Café, 1918
* Paris, 1919
* On a Sandy Beach, 1923
* Girl in the Park, 1925
* Gustaf V Visiting Finland, 22 August 1925
* Summer Day in Nature, 1927
* Woman at the Beach, 1929
* Woman on a Shore, Scene from Åland, 1932
* Harvest, 1937
* Fishing Huts, 1937
* Towards the Sun, 1938
# Pleonectopoda

Pleonectopoda is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Sanda
## Places

* Sanda, Lahore, a village in Punjab, Pakistan
* Sanda, Gotland, a village in the island of Gotland; see Mästerby
* Sanda, Hyōgo, Japan
* Sanda University, Shanghai, China
* Various islands in Scotland:
** Sanda Island (Sandaigh), off Kintyre
** Handa Island (Eilean Shannda), off Sutherland
** Sanday, Inner Hebrides (Sandaigh), in the Small Isles
** Sanday, Orkney
** Sandray (Sanndraigh), in the Outer Hebrides

## People
### Surname

* Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Japanese-American particle physicist
* Bah Oumarou Sanda, Cameroonian diplomat
* Dominique Sanda, French actress
* Joseph Sanda, Cameroonian cyclist
* Makoto Sanda, Japanese author of Rental Magica
* Michal Šanda, Czech writer

### Given name

* Sanda Ladoși, Romanian singer
* Sanda Mamić, Croatian tennis player
* Sanda Min Hla, 14th-century Burmese queen
* Sanda Oumarou, Cameroonian footballer
* Sanda Bouba Oumarou, Central African Republic basketball player
* Sanda Stolojan, Romanian poet, translator, and writer
* Sanda Toma (canoeist), Romanian Olympic sprint canoeist
* Sanda Toma (rower), Romanian Olympic rower
* Umaru Sanda Ndayako, traditional ruler, Nigeria

## Other

* USS Sanda (1917), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1920
* Sanda (sport), a Chinese full-contact combat sport
* Sandas, a Hittite lion god
* Sanda, the Brown Gargantua, featured in War of the Gargantuas (1966)
* Sanda (manga), a 2021 manga series written and illustrated by Paru Itagaki
* Indian spiny-tailed lizard or sanda in Indic languages, a species of lizard renowned as a source of aphrodisiac
# List of OFC national association football teams by nickname

The following is a list of nicknames of Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) national association football teams.

## Nicknames

* Nicknames in italics are commonly used in English.
| Team | Nickname | English translation | Notes |
| American Samoa | Au Fili | The National Team | Filifili means the Chosen or Selected in Samoan dialect. |
| Cook Islands | Soka Kuki Airani | The National Team | The Flag of the Cook Islands from 1973 to 1979 was a predominantly green color representing the continuous growth and life of the islands |
| Cook Islands | The Green and Whites | The Green and Whites | The Flag of the Cook Islands from 1973 to 1979 was a predominantly green color representing the continuous growth and life of the islands |
| Fiji | Bula Boys | Bula Boys | "Bula" is a greeting used in Fiji. |
| Kiribati | Kiribati | Kiribis | The football team representing Kiribati's 34 beautiful atolls, reefs, and islands. |
| New Caledonia | Les Cagous | The Kagus | From a crested, almost flightless bluish-grey bird related to the rails, which is found only on the island of New Caledonia. |
| New Caledonia | Les Rouges et Gris | The Red and Grays | From a crested, almost flightless bluish-grey bird related to the rails, which is found only on the island of New Caledonia. |
| New Zealand | All Whites | All Whites | New Zealand adopted an 'all white' playing strip during the 1981 World Cup qualifying campaign. |
| New Zealand (Women's) | Football Ferns | Football Ferns | The fern is one of the national symbols of New Zealand. |
| Niue | | | |
| Papua New Guinea | Kapuls | The Cuscus | A species of Australasian possum. |
| Samoa | Manumea | Manumea | After a native bird. |
| Solomon Islands | The Bonitos | The Bonitos | Tribe of fishes. |
| Tahiti | Toa Aito Les guerriers de fer | Iron Warriors | Iron has been entwined in the Tahiti culture from the onset. When British Captain Samuel Wallis "discovered" Tahiti on 18 June 1767, the natives were eager to trade, especially in iron nails. |
| Tonga | Timi Fakafomua | The National Team | The national football team of Tonga. |
| Vanuatu | The Men in Black and Gold | The Men in Black and Gold | From the Vanuatu flag which has Red and green sections, divided horizontally by a gold stripe running within a black border. |
# Sant'Urbano, Apiro

Sant'Urbano is a deconsecrated Roman Catholic church and Benedictine abbey in the town of Apiro, province of Macerata in the Marche, Italy. The deconsecrated church is now used to display the artifact and painting collection of the town.

## History

A large part of the collection consists of sacramental artifacts donated by Giovanni Giacomo Baldini (1581-1656), a doctor born in Apiro, who became the physician of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, Pope Urban VIII, and Pope Innocent X. Due to Baldini, the church of Sant'Urbano was made a collegiate church in 1632. In 1644, Baldini endowed the church with the artifacts, including reliquaries and silver goblets.
The displays are in the baroque sacristy of the church, which contains a Callido organ from 1771 and wooden decorations from Andrea Scoccianti, also called Raffaello delle Fogliarelle (1640-1700).
Also in the collection are parchments and paintings. Among the paintings are a St John the Baptist in the Desert by Valentin de Boulogne, a Pieta by Jusepe de Ribera, and paintings by Andrea Lilli.
# Polish 1st Corps in the East

Polish 1st Corps in the East can refer to:
* Polish I Corps in Russia during World War I
* Polish I Corps in the Soviet Union during World War II
# Polish 2nd Infantry Division

Polish 2nd Infantry Division may refer to:
* Polish 2nd Rifle Division (1917) (Dywizja Strzelców Polskich]], 1917)
* Polish 2nd Legions Infantry Division (2 Dywizja Piechoty Legionów, 1919 - 1939)
* Second Infantry Fusiliers Division (2 Dywizja Strzelców Pieszych, France, 1939-1940)
* Polish 2nd Infantry Division (East) of the Polish First Army (2 Warszawska Dywizja Piechoty im. Henryka Dąbrowskiego, Ludowe Wojsko Polskie, 1943-1956)
# Polar desert

Polar deserts are the regions of Earth that fall under an ice cap climate (EF under the Köppen classification). Despite rainfall totals low enough to normally classify as a desert, polar deserts are distinguished from true deserts (BWh or BWk under the Köppen classification) by low annual temperatures and evapotranspiration. Most polar deserts are covered in ice sheets, ice fields, or ice caps, and they are also called white deserts.
Polar deserts are one of two polar biomes, the other being Arctic tundra. These biomes are located at the poles of Earth, covering much of the Antarctic in the southern hemisphere, and in the northern hemisphere extending from the Arctic into North America, Europe and Asia. Unlike the tundra that can support plant and animal life in the summer, polar deserts are largely barren environments, comprising permanent, flat layers of ice; due to the scarcity of liquid water, the same is also true of the few ice-free areas. However, there is evidence of some life in this seemingly inhospitable landscape: sediments of organic and inorganic substances in the thick ice hosting microbial organisms closely related to cyanobacteria, able to fix carbon dioxide from the melting water.
Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. This "freeze-thaw" alternation forms patterned textures on the ground, as much as 5 m (16 ft) in diameter.
Most of the interior of Antarctica is polar desert, despite the thick ice cover. Conversely, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, although they have had no ice for thousands of years due to katabatic wind but contain ephemeral streams and hypersaline lakes characteristic of extreme non-polar deserts, are not necessarily polar desert.
Polar deserts are relatively common during ice ages, as ice ages tend to be dry.
Climate scientists have voiced concerns about the effects of global warming to the ice poles in these polar biomes.
# Polly Bemis House

Polly Bemis House was the home of pioneers to Idaho County, Idaho, USA, Charles Bemis and his wife Polly Bemis, who lived alongside the Salmon River in the late 19th and early 20th century. Polly was a Chinese American former teenage slave whose story became a biographical novel and was fictionalized in the 1991 film A Thousand Pieces of Gold.

## History and background

Charlie and Polly Bemis were among the first pioneers to settle along the Salmon River (The River of No Return), only a few yards from the riverside. It was a mining claim rather than a homestead. Even today this house is not accessible by road; boats are a common means of access. In 1922, a fire gutted the Bemis home on the Salmon River, possibly caused by an untended or overheated woodstove; Charlie died soon afterwards. He had been ill in the previous several years, reportedly suffering from a lung ailment (probably tuberculosis). In 1923, Peter Klinkhammer and Charlie Shepp, who lived on the other side of the Salmon River on the east side of the confluence of Crooked Creek, helped Polly to rebuild a new home in the same spot as the one that burned down. Except for a short stay in Warren, Idaho, she lived there until 1933, when she moved to Grangeville, Idaho, dying shortly thereafter. While on a trip to Boise, Idaho, she stayed at the Idanha hotel and saw her first movie, rode her first streetcar, and had her first elevator ride.
The Polly Bemis House is located 44 miles (71 km) east of Riggins, Idaho, and 17 miles (27 km) north of Warren, Idaho.
The house meets two criteria of the National Register of Historic Places: criterion A for its connection with the social history of Chinese women in Idaho and criterion C as an excellent example of wooden logs and shingles construction and of the gable-front single-pen dwellings used in the central Idaho mountains. Some stone was also used in its construction. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 4, 1988. It is also the only structure on the inventory constructed with whipsawn lumber. About 15 x 20 feet in dimension, it has two rooms on the first floor, a half story sleeping loft, a gable front, and overhanging roof. Chinese miners made up almost half the population of this region during the late 1800s but suppression forced most to move to Chinatowns on the west coast. Few records exist of most of them, but there are many documents about Polly, making her home and experience significant.
It is now part of the 26 acres (11 ha) non-profit Polly Bemis Ranch.
The home of Klinkhammer and Shepp is now a guest ranch known as Shepp Ranch.
# Sandy Creek (village), New York

Sandy Creek is a village in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 771 at the 2010 census.
The Village of Sandy Creek in the central part of the Town of Sandy Creek. The village is located by U.S. Route 11.

## History

The historic core of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as the Sandy Creek Historic District. Also listed are the Methodist Church, First Baptist Church, Samuel Sadler House, and Newton M. Pitt House.

## Geography

Sandy Creek is located at 43°38′49″N 76°5′10″W﻿ / ﻿43.64694°N 76.08611°W﻿ / 43.64694; -76.08611 (43.647037, -76.086305).
A stream called "Little Sandy Creek" flows past the north side of the village.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 789 people, 311 households, and 208 families residing in the village. The population density was 552.2 inhabitants per square mile (213.2/km$^2$). There were 338 housing units at an average density of 236.5 per square mile (91.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 98.73% White, 0.51% Native American, 0.13% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.38% of the population.
There were 311 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $34,167, and the median income for a family was $47,188. Males had a median income of $35,417 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,297. About 12.8% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.
# List of Norfolk State Spartans men's basketball head coaches

The following is a list of Norfolk State Spartans men's basketball head coaches. There have been 12 head coaches of the Trojans in their 70-season history.
Norfolk State's current head coach is Robert Jones. He was hired as the Spartans' head coach in February 2014 after serving as interim head coach replacing Anthony Evans, who left to become head coach at FIU.
| No. | Tenure | Coach | Years | Record | Pct. |
| 1 | 1953–1962 | John Turpin | 9 | 138–81 | .630 |
| 2 | 1962–1969 | Ernie Fears | 7 | 146–31 | .825 |
| 3 | 1969–1973 | Bob Smith | 4 | 86–25 | .775 |
| 4 | 1973–1978 1981–1990 | Charles Christian | 14 | 318–95 | .770 |
| 5 | 1978–1981 | Lucias Mitchell | 3 | 61–28 | .685 |
| 6 | 1990–1991 | Isaac Morehead | 1 | 15–13 | .536 |
| 7 | 1991–1998 | Michael Bernard | 7 | 141–67 | .678 |
| 8 | 1998–1999 | Mel Coleman | 1 | 15–12 | .556 |
| 9 | 1999–2002 | Wil Jones | 3 | 34–52 | .395 |
| 10 | 2002–2007 | Dwight Freeman | 5 | 63–83 | .432 |
| 11 | 2007–2013 | Anthony Evans | 6 | 99–94 | .513 |
| 12 | 2013–present | Robert Jones | 10 | 188–137 | .578 |
| Totals | Totals | 12 coaches | 70 seasons | 1,304–718 | .645 |
| Records updated through end of 2022–23 season Source ||||||
# Sartiș

The Sartiș is a right tributary of the river Beliu in Romania. Formerly a right tributary of the Teuz, its flow was intercepted by the canalized lower course of the Beliu near Cermei in 1914–1919. Its length is 21 km (13 mi) and its basin size is 77 km$^2$ (30 sq mi). Its disconnected lower course continues towards the Teuz near Mișca.
# Pokrzywnik

Pokrzywnik may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Pokrzywnik, Lwówek Śląski County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Pokrzywnik, Zgorzelec County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Pokrzywnik, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Pokrzywnik, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# Santiago Bernabéu (Madrid Metro)

Santiago Bernabéu is a metro station on Line 10 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone A. It is located next to the Real Madrid's Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.
The station was opened on 10 June 1982, shortly before the 1982 FIFA World Cup, which Spain were hosting. The station was originally called "Lima" (after the Plaza de Lima nearby), but took on its current name on 18 December 1997.