OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sylvain Arend

Sylvain Julien Victor Arend (6 August 1902 – 18 February 1992) was a Belgian astronomer born in Robelmont, Luxembourg province, Belgium. His main interest was astrometry.
Together with Georges Roland, he discovered the bright comet C/1956 R1 (Arend-Roland). He also discovered, or co-discovered, the periodic comets 49P/Arend-Rigaux and 50P/Arend, Nova Scuti 1952, and a number of asteroids, including notably the Amor asteroid 1916 Boreas and the Trojan asteroid 1583 Antilochus. He also discovered 1652 Hergé which is named after Hergé, the creator of The Adventures of Tintin. The asteroid 1563 Noël is named after his son, Emanuel Arend.
In 1948, Arend started together with sixteen other people the skeptic organisation Comité Para. The outer main-belt asteroid 1502 Arenda was named in his honor.

## List of discovered minor planets

| 1127 Mimi | 13 January 1929 |
| 1171 Rusthawelia | 3 October 1930 |
| 1262 Sniadeckia | 23 March 1933 |
| 1263 Varsavia | 23 March 1933 |
| 1281 Jeanne | 25 August 1933 |
| 1286 Banachiewicza | 25 August 1933 |
| 1287 Lorcia | 25 August 1933 |
| 1313 Berna | 24 August 1933 |
| 1314 Paula | 16 September 1933 |
| 1315 Bronislawa | 16 September 1933 |
| 1348 Michel | 23 March 1933 |
| 1352 Wawel | 3 February 1935 |
| 1563 Noël | 7 March 1943 |
| 1565 Lemaître | 25 November 1948 |
| 1570 Brunonia | 9 October 1948 |
| 1573 Väisälä | 27 October 1949 |
| 1576 Fabiola | 30 September 1948 |
| 1579 Herrick | 30 September 1948 |
| 1583 Antilochus | 19 September 1950 |
| 1591 Baize | 31 May 1951 |
| 1592 Mathieu | 1 June 1951 |
| 1593 Fagnes | 1 June 1951 |
| 1613 Smiley | 16 September 1950 |
| 1625 The NORC | 1 September 1953 |
| 1633 Chimay | 3 March 1929 |
| 1639 Bower | 12 September 1951 |
| 1640 Nemo | 31 August 1951 |
| 1652 Hergé | 9 August 1953 |
| 1683 Castafiore | 19 September 1950 |
| 1717 Arlon | 8 January 1954 |
| 1787 Chiny | 19 September 1950 |
| 1887 Virton | 5 October 1950 |
| 1916 Boreas | 1 September 1953 |
| 1969 Alain | 3 February 1935 |
| 2084 Okayama | 7 February 1935 |
| 2109 Dhotel | 13 October 1950 |
| 2231 Durrell | 21 September 1941 |
| 2265 Verbaandert | 17 February 1950 |
| 2277 Moreau | 18 February 1950 |
| 2455 Somville | 5 October 1950 |
| 2513 Baetslé | 19 September 1950 |
| 2538 Vanderlinden | 30 October 1954 |
| 2642 Vésale | 14 September 1961 |
| 2666 Gramme | 8 October 1951 |
| 2689 Bruxelles | 3 February 1935 |
| 2866 Hardy | 7 October 1961 |
| 2973 Paola | 10 January 1951 |
| 3228 Pire | 8 February 1935 |
| 3346 Gerla | 27 September 1951 |
| 3755 Lecointe | 19 September 1950 |
| 3920 Aubignan | 28 November 1948 |
# Muff (handwarmer)

A muff is a fashion accessory for outdoors usually made of a cylinder of fur or fabric with both ends open for keeping the hands warm. It was introduced to women's fashion in the 16th century and was popular with both men and women in the 17th and 18th centuries. By the early 19th century, muffs were used in Europe only by women. It is also reported that the fashion largely fell out of style in the 19th century.
It briefly returned in the mid-1940s, and in the 1960s was developed as a motorcycle accessory for attachment as rider-protection and comfort during the cooler months.

## History

In Roman times, the place of the glove was taken by long sleeves (manicae) reaching to the hand, and in winter special sleeves of fur were worn. In Medieval Latin we find the word muffulae, defined by Du Cange as chirothecae pellitae et hibernae ("leather winter gloves"). He quotes from a cartulary of the year 817, of the issuing to monks of sheepskin coverings to be used during the winter. These may have been, as the Roman certainly were, separate coverings for each hand, although the cartulary cited also distinguishes the glove for summer from the muffulae for winter wear. The Old French moufle meant a thick glove or mitten, and from this the Dutch mof, Walloon mouffe, and thence English "muff", are probably derived.
In Elizabethan and Stuart England, the muff was sometimes called a "countenance" following a French usage. In 1579, Amias Paulet bought a fur "countenance" in Paris for Elizabeth I.

## Modern usage

Handlebar muffs are a utility product for motorcycles and scooters to provide increased comfort in adverse weather conditions, to protect the rider from rain and wind chill. With UK commercial-availability in the early 1960s, they are still available in three variations from a UK merchandiser of motorcycle accessories, including dedicated-types for small motorscooters.
Traditionally made from waterproof faux leather and lined for insulation, more-modern, textile-based materials are also used.
When reviewing clothing and riding accessories in a 1966 feature entitled "Tough Weather Gear" for the weekly journal Motor Cycle, regular journalist John Ebbrell described the muffs as:
   Ugly as sin they may be—but there's nothing more cosier to the fingertips than a pair of handlebar muffs...Material is waterproof plasticized fabric, lined. Fitted in a jiffy, the muffs are sold through Pride and Clarke's and cost 17s 6d.
Writing at his website in December 2010, American motorcycle design innovator Craig Vetter claimed to have "created and developed" from 1971 what he called Hippo Hands, later sold to the public from 1973 by the Vetter organisation. These were very similar to a product that was easily available to UK motorcyclists from retail shops/mail order outlets from 1957, with the description handlebar muffs.
# Mountain Mahindra

Mountain Mahindra or Three Peaks Mountain is one of the highest mountains in the Miyar River valley. The area lies north of the Chenab River in Lahaul district, India. Mahindra is near the Dali Glacier (formerly known as the Thunder Glacier), on the east side of the Miyar valley, in the second side valley when approaching from the north.
Climb magazine, March 2009. Page 69-70
* This Himachal Pradesh location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Moussa Savadogo

Moussa Savadogo is a Burkinabé writer and playwright. He was one of the most important playwrights in Burkinabé theatre following independence and became well known throughout the 1960s and 1970s in Burkina Faso.
Notable works include Fille de le Volta (Daughter of the Volta) and L'oracle (The Oracle).
# Mullah spiny mouse

The Mullah spiny mouse (Acomys mullah) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.
# Movie Talk

Movie Talk is an Irish television programme broadcast on RTÉ One from September to November 2012. The ten part series profiled figures from the Irish film world who talk about their careers in movies.

## Episodes

* Programme 1 – Brendan Gleeson
* Programme 2 – Fionnula Flanagan
* Programme 3 – Jim Sheridan
* Programme 4 – Anjelica Huston
* Programme 5 – John Boorman
* Programme 6 – Saoirse Ronan
* Programme 7 – Neil Jordan
* Programme 8 – Gabriel Byrne
* Programme 9 – Noel Pearson
* Programme 10 – John Moore
# Muhammad Reazuddin Ahmad

Muhammad Reazuddin Ahmad (1861–1933) was a Bengali Muslim writer, journalist, and thinker.

## Early life

Ahmad was born in 1861 in the village of Kaunia in Barisal District, Bengal Presidency, British Raj. His father died when he was eight. He was raised in the home of Muhammad Wajid, the father of Bengali politician A. K. Fazlul Huq. He received his education from Barisal Banga Vidyalay and Bajapti Circle School, studying the Arabic, Bengali, and Persian languages.

## Career

Ahmad started his career as a primary school teacher in Rupsa. He developed an interest in journalism after reading local newspapers like Bangabasi, Dhaka Prakash, Education Gazette, Hughli Dainik, and Sanjibani. He was the postmaster of Rupsa Post Office. He operated a stationery shop in Rupsa.
He moved to Kolkata in 1883 and joined the Mussalman. He worked as an editor in the Mussalman. He then joined Shrimanta Saodagar in Dhaka as an assistant editor. After some Muslims in Dhaka, Jessore, Khulna, and 24-Parganas converted into Hinduism and Christianity he started writing about Islam with Mearajuddin Ahmad, Reazuddin Ahmad Mashadi, and Sheikh Abdur Rahim to discourage further conversions. In 1888, they published Islamtattva, a book about Islam and its history. Along with Reazuddin Ahmad Mashadi and Shaikh Abdur Rahim, he was part of the 'Sudhakar group'. The group was closely connected to and named after Mihir-o-Sudhakar, a Muslim newspaper that strongly supported Muslim identity politics in Calcutta. The group wrote and published religious tracts in Bengali. He worked as the publisher of the Calcutta monthly Islam Pracharak. He edited the Nabajug, Rayatbandhu, and Soltan.
# Murder of Robbie Middleton

Robbie Middleton (June 28, 1990 – April 29, 2011) was an American boy from Splendora, Texas, who on his eighth birthday in 1998 was tied to a tree, doused in gasoline, and set on fire. He suffered third-degree burns to 99% of his body and endured 150 operations, before dying at age 20 from a skin cancer that doctors attributed to his original injuries.
Just prior to his death, Robbie, the son of Bobby and Colleen Middleton, left a 27-minute video testimony on his deathbed naming the perpetrator who he believed had torched him as Don Wilburn Collins (born 1985), at the time a 13-year-old neighbor of the Middletons. Collins had allegedly raped Middleton in the same location of the torching just two weeks earlier and Collins's attempt to murder Middleton was to ensure that Middleton would never reveal the secret. Though Collins was detained in connection with the assault, he was later released because of insufficient evidence.
In 2001, Collins, age 16 at the time, had been jailed for sexually assaulting another eight-year-old boy and served time in jail. He also served time for failing to register as a sex offender and was released from prison on September 5, 2011.
In 2011, Middleton died of a rare form of cancer which was linked to the more than 150 surgeries and skin grafts which he received over his lifetime. A coroner ruled Middleton's death a homicide, and Collins was tried for the crime. On February 9, 2015, a jury convicted Collins of murder in the death of Robbie Middleton. Prosecutors say that Collins could serve up to 40 years in prison, but Collins' defense attorneys pledged to appeal the conviction. An appeal was lodged on the basis that the trial court's decision to try Collins as an adult for a crime he committed as a juvenile was an ex post facto violation of his rights. This appeal was rejected on March 29, 2017.
In December 2011, the Middleton family was granted $150 billion in compensation by the jury. This was a symbolic verdict requested by the family's lawyer, becoming the biggest compensation ever awarded by a U.S. civil jury (more than the Florida tobacco verdict from 2000 of $145 billion, which was overturned). Although they never expected to receive any of the money, Middleton's mother considered it a successful statement.
# Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133

The Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133 is a municipal district (MD) in northwest Alberta, Canada, north of Grande Prairie. Located in the Upper Peace Region, its municipal office is located in the Town of Spirit River. With an area of 683.6 km$^2$ (263.9 sq mi), it is the smallest municipal district in Alberta.

## History

The MD of Spirit River No. 133 was incorporated in 1916.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the MD of Spirit River No. 133 had a population of 649 living in 273 of its 315 total private dwellings, a change of -7.3% from its 2016 population of 700. With a land area of 679.86 km$^2$ (262.50 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.0/km$^2$ (2.5/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the MD of Spirit River No. 133 had a population of 700 living in 274 of its 306 total private dwellings, a -1.8% change from its 2011 population of 713. With a land area of 683.6 km$^2$ (263.9 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.0/km$^2$ (2.7/sq mi) in 2016.
# Murolo

Murolo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Michele Murolo (born 1983), Italian footballer
* Roberto Murolo (1912–2003), Italian musician
# Murray Nicoll

Murray Nicoll (20 July 1943 – 2 May 2010) was an Australian journalist and broadcaster whose career spanned more than 45 years. He was best known for providing reports on 5DN radio from his own burning home during the Ash Wednesday fires of 1983. His reports on the fire and the destruction of his house earned Nicoll the 1983 Walkley Award for best radio news report.
Nicoll's resume in journalism included stints at The News, in Melbourne radio, including the top rating drive time program on 3AW, and ABC radio in Adelaide, Australia. He worked as a television reporter for Channel 7 during the last five years of his life. He earned the 1985 Walkley Award for best radio current affairs report for his radio broadcasts from an expedition to Mount Everest.
Nicoll died of leukaemia at his home on 2 May 2010, at the age of 66.
He was the uncle of Chris Nicoll, currently head of production for the Capital FM Network in the UK.
# Murray Murphey

Murray Griffin Murphey (February 22, 1928 – December 6, 2018) was an American historian and philosopher.
A native of Colorado Springs, Colorado born to Bradford and Margaret Murphey on February 22, 1928, Murray Murphey graduated from Harvard University and earned a doctorate from Yale University. He began teaching at the University of Pennsylvania as a Rockefeller Fellow shortly after completing his studies in 1954. Murphey joined the faculty as an assistant professor in 1956, and became a full professor in 1966. He retired in 2000. Over the course of his career, Murphy earned awards from the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy and the American Studies Association. He also edited the journal American Quarterly. Murphey died at the age of 90 on December 6, 2018.
# Murray Naylor

Major General David Murray Naylor, CB, MBE, DL (born 5 March 1938) is a former British Army officer who commanded the 2nd Infantry Division from 1987 to 1989.

## Military career

Educated at Eton College, Naylor enlisted for national service in 1956 and was commissioned into the Scots Guards the following year. As a major he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1973 New Year Honours. He was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion Scots Guards in 1976 and led his battalion on active service in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. He was made Assistant Director on the Defence Policy Staff at the Ministry of Defence in 1980, commander of the 22nd Armoured Brigade in Germany in 1982 and Deputy Military Secretary at the Ministry of Defence in 1985. He went on to be General Officer Commanding North East District and commander 2nd Infantry Division based in York in 1987 and Director of the Territitorial Army and Organisation at the Ministry of Defence in 1989 before retiring in 1992.
In retirement Naylor became Chairman of the North Yorkshire Ambulance Service and, more recently, Chairman of the Kohima Education Trust. He was a County Councillor for North Yorkshire representing Rillington from 1997 to 2005, and is a Deputy Lieutenant of North Yorkshire. He is also author of the book Among Friends: Scots Guards 1956–93.

## Family

In 1965 Naylor married Rosemary Gillian Beach; they have three sons.
# Murtle railway station

Murtle railway station, later Murtle Halt railway station served Murtle and Beaconhill Houses and estates, the Mill of Murtle, Milton of Murtle, the local farms and the inhabitants of this rural area within the parish of Peterculter from 1853 to 1937 on the Deeside Railway that ran from Aberdeen (Joint) to Ballater.

## History

The station was opened on 8 September 1853 on the Deeside branch and at first its services were operated by the Deeside Railway. Later it became part of the GNoSR and at grouping merged with the London and North Eastern Railway. Murtle became an unstaffed halt circa 1930 and was closed to passengers on 5 April 1937. It had served as the local post office in 1899. The station was unstaffed in around 1930 and became a halt with its goods services withdrawn. After closure in 1937 the line remained open until 1966. The line has been lifted and this sections forms part of the Deeside Way long-distance footpath. The station was host to a LNER camping coach in 1935 and 1936 and possibly one for some of 1934, it was located in the old loading dock siding.

## Infrastructure

The station had a stone built agent's house, with at first a single platform, a waiting room and ticket office building that was originally similar to those at Torphins, Lumphanan and elsewhere on the line. In 1865 the single siding was on the northern side, approached from the east. By 1899 the line had been doubled, a stone agent's house was built, together with a pedestrian overbridge and a signal box located on the westbound platform with a simple wooden shelter. A single siding and loading dock was present with several sets of points and signals in the vicinity.
Murtle acquired some differences in its appearance, especially the small canopy after it was rebuilt following after a fire on 17 August 1909 that destroyed the original wooden main station building. In 1963 the station, closed since 1937, was on a single track section of line with the agent's house still standing together with the old station building.

## Services

In 1928 the suburban railway, locally called the 'subbies' started additionally operating Sunday services to Culter however due to competition with the buses it was announced on 28 January 1937 that the service would cease altogether in April 1937, Sunday services having ceased in 1936.

## The site today

The much modified and enlarged station buildings survive as private dwellings with both platforms of Aberdeenshire granite remaining in situ, the eastbound being in better condition. The Deeside Way runs past the station. The Royal Deeside Railway is located at Milton of Crathes some distance down the line towards Ballater.
# Murrays Crossroads, Georgia

Murrays Crossroads (also Murray, Murrays Cross Roads, and Poindexter) was an unincorporated community in Schley County, Georgia, United States. It was located at the intersection of U.S. Route 19 with State Route 240, to the north of the city of Ellaville, the county seat of Schley County. The elevation of the location is 440 feet (134 m). In the late 19th century it was a "prosperous country settlement", which had its own post office by 1884. Thomas E. Watson gave a speech at Murray's Crossroads in 1893. In 1959, it was referred to as a "town". By 2021, however, it was referred to as a "past example" of a rural community.
The community is part of the Americus Micropolitan Statistical Area.
# Murat Günak

Murat Günak (born 9 August 1957, Istanbul) is a Turkish car designer and former head designer of Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz.

## Career

Günak studied design at Hochschule für Bildende Künste (Academy of Fine Arts) in Kassel and then studied at the Royal College of Art in London under Claude Lobo and Patrick Le Quément where he was awarded Master of Automotive Design and was sponsored by Ford.
After graduation he worked at Ford in Germany for two years and then moved to Mercedes-Benz for 8 years. Gunak moved to Peugeot to become Head of Design in 1994 and then returned to Mercedes-Benz and DaimlerChrysler in 1998 as Vice President for all passenger cars.
He joined the Volkswagen brand as Head of Design in April 2003 and took over as Head of Design of the Volkswagen Group on 1 January 2004, responsible for the design activities of all brands in the Group. He was replaced at Volkswagen by his former employee, Walter de'Silva in 2007.
Through his consultant company MGMO GmbH, he was CEO of Mindset AG between July 2008 and January 2009.
He moved to a new electric vehicle project called "Mia electric" in France, which was produced between 2011 and 2013. Günak then moved to Tretbox, now Ono, to develop further electric vehicle designs.
After 2018, Murat Günak worked with Togg to design the Togg T10X with the contribution of Pininfarina.

## Car designs

* Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W202)
* Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class (R170)
* Peugeot 206 CC
* Peugeot 307
* Peugeot 607
* Volkswagen Passat CC
* Volkswagen Scirocco III
* Volkswagen Golf V Variant (station wagon)
* Mia electric
* Togg T10X
# Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Cubana

The Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Cubana or Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba in Havana, Cuba is the national museum of Natural History, with exhibits of Cuba's plants and animals. It is located in a former U.S. embassy building.

## History

The museum has origins going back before the Cuban revolution. The Museo Cubana de Ciencias Naturales existed from 1959 to 1961, and became El Museo de Ciencias 'Felipe Poey' in 1962-1980, named for Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey (1799-1891). The exhibitions were open to the public for the first time in 1964-1980. In the period 1980-1984 the museum had financial problems, but has since undergone major restructuring, first under the Ministry of Culture and, since 1992, under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.
In November 2016, the American Museum of Natural History presented the exhibit "¡Cuba!", created in collaboration with the MNHNC and featuring unique anthropological acquisitions, video, collected specimens, and live animals that are endemic to the environment of Cuba. The exhibit is considered one of the largest displays of Cuban natural history ever seen in the United States and is the first fully bilingual exhibit at AMNH.
# Music of Meghalaya

Tyagaraju known for his extensive contributions to Carnatic music. :
Music of India :
Genres :
Traditional
Classical
Carnatic
Odissi
Hindustani
Folk
Borgeet
Baul
Bhajan
Kirtana
Shyama Sangeet
Ramprasadi
Rabindra Sangeet
Nazrul Geeti
Dwijendrageeti
Atulprasadi
Prabhat Samgiita
Thumri
Dadra
Chaiti
Kajari
Sufi
Ghazal
Qawwali
Sikh
Modern
Bhangra
Bhangragga
Filmi
Bollywood
Ghazal
Qawwali
Goa trance
Dance
Indi-pop
Asian Underground
Jazz
Rock
Bengali
Raga
Hip hop :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Bihar (Maithili)
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Ladakh
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab (Folk)
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Ancient
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal :
vte :
Meghalaya is a state of India with a rich folk tradition. Drums, bamboo flutes and small hand-held cymbals are a popular ensemble. The arrival of Christianity in the mid-20th century signalled the beginning of a decline in tribal musical traditions.
With time, the music scene in Meghalaya kept on evolving leading to the birth of many talented musicians and bands representing both local as well as not so local genres from Meghalaya. Some of the more recent musicians and bands from Meghalaya include the Soulmate, Lou Majaw, Snow White, Plague Throat, Kerios Wahlang, Cryptographik Street Poets, etc.
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