OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Grandhomme

Paul Grandhomme (1851, Paris, France – 1944, Saint-Briac-sur-Mer, France) was a French medalist, engraver and enameller.

## Life

He was originally trained as a jeweller, but the 1871 Franco-Prussian war forced him to become a librarian. This proved to be the start of his enamelling career as, after reading Claudius Popelin’s history of enamelling, Grandhomme became fascinated by the technique. After studying with Auguste Mollard, an enameller who was experienced in the chemistry of enamelling, and Jules-Clément Chaplain, he worked with Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and Jules-Élie Delaunay, and was influenced by his friend and fellow artist, Raphaël Collin. In 1874 he presented work at the Salon of French Artists (Salon des artistes français), an enamel portrait of Vittoria Colonna.
In 1877 he began to collaborate with his pupil Alfred Jean Garnier, and together they presented further work at the Salon des artistes français, including a Virgin in the style of Carlo Crivelli, and a portrait of Edward VII. Together they won the gold medal at the 1889 Universal Exhibition in Paris. They were also the last enamellers to collaborate with Gustave Moreau.
Another frequent collaborator of Grandhomme's was Jules Brateau, a silversmith and metal-worker. Grandhomme used his flat as his studio, with his dining room as the main area of work, and using a furnace in his kitchen to bake the enamel. Grandhomme also worked with the Falize Jewellery house, particularly Lucien Falize.
He is buried in Saint-Briac-sur-Mer. His tomb is topped by a bronze statue created by Émile Armel-Beaufils and his wife.

## Works

Grandhomme worked mainly in the Limoges School Revival style.
A variety of Grandhomme's work is displayed at the Musée d'Orsay, including a series of enamelled tableaux on Greek mythological themes that he created with Garnier in the style of Gustave Moreau. Two of his enamelled medals are on show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A pre-World War I commemorative medal he made was part of a Victoria and Albert Museum exhibition on 'European Commemorative Medals for the Great War'.
# Lectionary 15

Lectionary 15, designated by siglum ℓ 15 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering). It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th-century.

## Description

The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium) with some lacunae. It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 310 parchment leaves (25.6 cm by 19.1 cm), 2 columns per page, 22 or 23 lines per page.
In Luke 15:21 it has additional reading ποιησον με ως ενα των μισθιων σου; the reading is supported by Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Monacensis, 33, 700, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1253, 1344, ℓ 13, ℓ 60, ℓ 80, ℓ 185.
The manuscript was slightly examined by Scholz, Paulin Martin, and C. R. Gregory in 1885.
It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Johann Jakob Wettstein. The manuscript is sporadically cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 302) in Paris.
# Lectionary 147

Lectionary 147, designated by siglum ℓ 147 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.

## Description

The codex contains Lessons from Gospels and Acts of the Apostles lectionary (Apostolos), on 274 parchment leaves (31.5 cm by 21.5 cm). The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, in one column per page, 21-23 lines per page. It is ill written, with a Latin version over some portions of the text.
In Acts 5:28 it reads παραγγελια, along with manuscripts: 𝔓$^{74}$, א*, A, B, ar, d, gig, vg, cop$^{sa}$; majority reads ου παραγγελια (א$^c$, D$^{gr}$, E, P, (Ψ ουχι), 049, 056, 0142, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, e, h, p, syr$^{p,h}$, cop$^{sa}$, arm, eth).
In Acts 12:25 it reads απο Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) – D, Ψ, 181, 436, 614, 2412, ℓ 809, ℓ 1021, ℓ 1141, ℓ 1364, ℓ 1439, ar, d, gig, vg, Chrysostom; majority reads εις Ιερουσαλημ (to Jerusalem).
In Acts 15:7 it reads εν υμιν εξελεξατο ο θεος along with 𝔓$^{74}$, א, A, B, C, 33, 81, 88, 181, 436, 630, 945, 1739, ar, arm, geo;

## History

The manuscript was written by Theophylact, a monk. It once belonged to Colbert. The manuscript was examined by Paulin Martin. Formerly it was designated by 25$^a$, in 1908 Gregory gave for it number 147, that number formerly belonged to Latin manuscript. Gregory saw it in 1885.
The manuscript is cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3, UBS4).
Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 319), at Paris.
# Lee F. Hanmer

Lee Franklin Hanmer (October 24, 1871 – April 27, 1961) was the director of the recreation department of the Russell Sage Foundation from 1912 to 1937. In that capacity, he helped to found the Boy Scouts of America. He later helped to form the Campfire Girls of America in 1912.

## Biography

He was born on October 24, 1871, in Schuyler County, New York. Hanmer attended Cornell University and New York University. He worked in the New York City school system, serving as a physical training supervisor from 1903 to 1906 and then as athletics inspector through 1907. He then worked as a secretary of the Playground Association of America before moving to the Russell Sage Foundation.
He married Mary Belle Garlick on June 27, 1900, in Sidney, New York.
In 1910, Hanmer was selected as a member of the American Committee for the 1912 Summer Olympics.
Hanmer directed recreation for servicemen during World War I. He was later a chairman of the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association.
The BSA presented Hanmer with the ninth Silver Buffalo Award in 1926.
He died on April 27, 1961, in New Paltz, New York.

## Works

* First Steps in Organizing Playgrounds. Russell Sage Foundation. 1908.
* Building boyhood: A book of principles. Sunday School Times. 1909.
# Lectionary 19

Lectionary 19, designated by siglum ℓ 19 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th-century.

## Description

The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium), with lacunae. The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 322 parchment leaves (31 cm by 22.5 cm), 2 columns per page, 24 lines per page. It contains the Byzantine musical notes – neumes.

## History

The codex was given in 1661 by Parthenius, Patriarch of Constantinople, to Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchelesa, British Ambassador at the court of sultan. It was known as Codex Bodleianus 5.
It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Johann Jakob Wettstein. It was examined by Mill (as Bodleianus 7) and Griesbach. According to Mill this codex is Stephen's ϛ'.
The manuscript is sporadically cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the Bodleian Library (Auct. D. inf. 2.12) in Oxford.
# Pelidnota lugubris

Pelidnota lugubris is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae.
# Lee Snoots

John Lee "Bullet" Snoots (August 12, 1892 – November 29, 1968) was an American football back who played nine seasons professionally. He played with the Columbus Panhandles for eight seasons and the West Side A.C. for one season.
Snoots was born on August 12, 1892, in Columbus, Ohio. He went to Marietta College. Snoots became a professional football player for the Columbus Panhandles in 1914. In his second season, he played in 12 games, starting in all 12. He played 11 games (starting all 11) in 1916 before serving in World War I. He returned for a second stint in 1919 and played 10 games. In 1920, the Panhandles joined the newly formed APFA (now NFL) as Snoots played in between 3 and 7 games. He did not play in 1921 but made a return to the Panhandles in 1922 while playing in 7 games. He also scored 1 touchdown. He played in 10 games the following year while scoring 1 touchdown again. He played with the West Side A.C. in 1924. He played his fourth and final stint with the Panhandles in 1925, making one appearance. In 1931, he was a candidate for county clerk of Franklin County, Ohio. Snoots died on November 29, 1968, at the age of 76 in his hometown, Columbus, Ohio.
# Yuchi Chifan

Yuchi Chifan (Chinese: 尉遲熾繁) or Yuchi Fanchi (Chinese: 尉遲繁熾) (566 – 595), later Buddhist nun name Huashou (華首), was a concubine of the Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou dynasty of China.
Yuchi Chifan's grandfather Yuchi Jiong the Duke of Shu was a renowned general of Northern Zhou and a nephew of Yuwen Tai, Emperor Xuan's grandfather, making her and Emperor Xuan cousins. She initially married Yuwen Wen (宇文溫) the Duke of Xiyang—a son of Emperor Xuan's cousin Yuwen Liang (宇文亮) the Duke of Qi. She was said to be exceedingly beautiful. Sometime in or before 580, on an occasion when the wives of imperial clan members were, pursuant to the customs of the time, in the palace to greet the Emperor Xuan, Emperor Xuan was so infatuated by her beauty that he forced her to drink, and then raped her after she fell drunk. In spring 580, Yuwen Liang, angry and fearful over the incident, was one of the generals commanding troops against rival Chen dynasty. As the army withdrew from the borders after having captured the territory between the Yangtze and the Huai River in winter 579, Yuwen Liang made the plan to ambush the commander of the entire operation, Wei Xiaokuan, and then seize the entire army and support an uncle of Emperor Xuan to be emperor. The plot, however, was revealed by his staff member Ru Kuan (茹寬) to Wei, and when Yuwen Liang attacked Wei, Wei was prepared and defeated him. Yuwen Liang was killed in battle, and Emperor Xuan, then carrying the atypical title "Emperor Tianyuan" (天元皇帝, Tianyuan Huangdi) as retired emperor, then executed Yuwen Wen. He then summoned Yuchi Chifan to the palace and made her an imperial consort with the title Zhang Guifei (長貴妃). He soon further elevated her to the title of empress (of which his wife Yang Lihua and three other concubines already possessed) with the title Tianzuo Da Huanghou (天左大皇后), on 18 April 580.
Emperor Xuan died in June 580, and Empress Yang's father Yang Jian became regent to Emperor Xuan's son Emperor Jing. Empress Yuchi became a Buddhist nun with the name of Huashou. Her grandfather Yuchi Jiong subsequently rose against Yang Jian, but was defeated and committed suicide. His sons, and some other members of the Yuchi clan (but not the entire clan) were executed, although Empress Yuchi was not harmed. Yang Jian subsequently seized the throne and established Sui dynasty (as Emperor Wen), and she died in 595, during Emperor Wen's reign.
# Legend of YungChing

Legend of YungChing is a television series produced by Fee Tang Production and first aired in 1997. It was created by Zhou Lingkang and written by Ting Shan-hsi. The series covers the years between 1718 and 1755, during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng Emperor, and Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The show blends elements of historical drama and wuxia drama.

## Overview

The assassination of Kangxi during the magnificent "Hunting Exercise of Autumn" sparks off a bloody struggle for the throne. Kangxi orders his fourth son, Prince Yong (Yinzhen), to investigate. Yinzhen disguises himself as a trader in Jiangnan. He meets a famous scholar's daughter named Lu Sisi and, after overcoming various obstacles together, they fall in love. The show shows how Yinzhen's scheming and plotting allowed him to finally become the Yongzheng Emperor.

## Cast

| Actor | Character |
| Adam Cheng | Yongzheng Emperor |
| Jade Leung | Lü Sisi |
| Howie Huang | Yu Zhuizi |
| Tiffany Liu | Yu Huier |
| Chan Hung-lit | Kangxi Emperor |
| Mark Cheng | Yinsi |
| Zhou Haodong | Yinxiang |
| Huang Yinxun | Yinti |
| Sally Chen | Empress Xiaogongren |
| Shen Mengsheng | Yinren |
| Che Xuan | Lv Liuliang |
| Huang Haibing | Nian gengyao |
| Tie Mengqiu | Long Keduo |
| Chen Yida | Li Cai |
| Zhang Jianli | Li Wei |
* This article related to Taiwanese television is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pearl gene

The Pearl gene, also known as the "Barlink factor", is a dilution gene at the same locus as the cream gene, which somewhat resembles the cream gene and the champagne gene but is unrelated to champagne. It is a somewhat rare dilution gene found in the American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, and Peruvian Paso. The same mutation appears in Iberian horse breeds such as the Lusitano and Andalusian. The existence of the pearl gene in Quarter Horses and Paints is probably because these breeds have some Iberian ancestors.
It is a recessive gene. If there is only one copy of the gene, it has no effect on black, bay or chestnut horses. If there are two copies, it lightens red coats to a pale, uniform apricot color that includes body, mane and tail and creates pale skin. Because of this effect, when research was underway to locate the specific gene involved, it was at one time referred to as the "apricot" gene.
The Pearl gene is also known to interact with the cream gene to enhance its effects and, in horses with only one copy of the cream allele, to create "pseudo-double dilutes" sometimes called pseudo-cremellos or pseudo-smoky cream. A pseudo-double dilute will often have pale skin and blue or green eyes. Unlike the double cream dilute and the Pearl-cream pseudo dilute the double Pearl dilute typically has dark tan eyes. It is difficult if not impossible to tell a double cream dilute from a Pearl-cream pseudo dilute without genetic testing. Pearl is found at SLC45A2 (also called MATP), the same locus as cream, sunshine, and snowdrop.
In the American Paint Horse breed, the dilution was called the "Barlink factor" because it was linked to a mare named My Tontime, and her grandson, the stallion Barlink Macho Man, a chestnut splashed white. Initially, the gene in Paints and Quarter Horses was thought to be a different allele than that in the Iberian breeds, but research demonstrated that it was the same gene.
# Pelobates varaldii

Pelobates varaldii, the Moroccan spadefoot toad, Moroccan spadefoot, or Varaldi's spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Pelobatidae. As currently known, it is endemic to the coastal north-western Morocco, although there is an unconfirmed record from the Spanish territory of Melilla that could possibly represent this species. The specific name varaldii honours Marcel Varaldi who collected amphibians and reptiles in Morocco.

## Description

Males grow to 65 mm (2.6 in) and females to 70 mm (2.8 in) in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is stocky. The snout is sharp. The tympanum is present but inconspicuous. No parotoid glands are present. The dorsum is finely glandular and smooth; colouration is grey-brown with irregular darker markings. There can be red speckles above the eyes. The ventral side of the body is white. The hind feet have enlarged metatarsal tubercles (used in digging) and webbed toes.
The male advertisement call is aloud, harsh clucking.
The tadpoles can reach 130 mm (5.1 in) in length.

## Habitat and conservation

Pelobates varaldii occurs in lowland sandy uncultivated soils, sometimes in the vicinity of cork woodlands, at elevations below 350 m (1,150 ft). It is generally fossorial. Spawning typically takes place in temporary bodies of standing water (e.g., dayas and rain puddles). The tadpoles are aquatic and feed on plankton and detritus.
This species does not occur in modified habitats. It is threatened by habitat loss and degradation caused by the conversion of land to livestock pasture as well as the pollution of ponds with livestock droppings. Also the introduced Gambusia holbrooki is a threat. This species might be present in the Merja Zerga Biological Reserve.
# Lee In-ho

Lee In-ho (Korean: 이인호; born 19 May 1936) is a South Korean historian specializing in Russian history and a professor emeritus of Seoul National University. She is a former South Korean ambassador to Finland and Russia, and South Korea's first female ambassador, appointed in 1996.
Lee was born and raised in Seoul, and studied at Seoul National University before moving to the United States in 1956. She received a B.A. in history from Wellesley College, an A.M. from Radcliffe College, and a PhD in history from Harvard University.
# Lehigh Valley News

Lehigh Valley News is an online newspaper serving the Lehigh Valley in eastern Pennsylvania.

## History

Lehigh Valley News was founded in October 2022 under the auspices of John J. Moser, the president of news at WLVT-TV, and his vice president Jim Deegan. Moser is an industry veteran who worked as a music correspondent for The Morning Call for 30 years, and served as assistant metro editor and editor of its offices in Bethlehem, Lehighton and Quakertown. The pair sought to "revitalize" local news, and to become the leading media company in the Lehigh Valley. Moser would become deputy director, while Deegan would become executive editor.
Lehigh Valley News is owned by Lehigh Valley Public Media, the same company that owns Allentown-licensed PBS affiliate WLVT-TV and NPR affiliate WLVR-FM, licensed in Bethlehem. The site exists solely online and states that they seek to "provide credible, valuable journalism that allows our communities to make informed decisions."
The site regularly hosts live debates, televised on WLVT-TV, between candidates for political office ahead of elections. In 2022, it held a debate between candidates Susan Wild and Lisa Scheller during their closely-contested race for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. The debate was also broadcast by C-SPAN. The following April, Lehigh Valley News hosted another debate between two candidates for Northampton County district attorney ahead of the municipal primary.
Starting in 2023, in partnership with the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC) and Muhlenberg College, Lehigh Valley News releases an annual Lehigh Valley Quality of Life Survey. The survey uses a sample size of 625 residents.
# Penllyn railway station (Wales)

vteLlanberis Lake Railway :
Legend :
Penllyn (LLR) railway station is the northern terminus of the Llanberis Lake Railway (LLR), located near Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales. The station has no platform, but passengers are allowed to alight.
Most of the LLR was laid around 1970 on part of the trackbed of the closed and lifted Padarn Railway. The line opened between Gilfach Ddu (LLR) and Cei Llydan on 28 May 1971, being extended northwards to Penllyn in 1972, changing Cei Llydan from a terminus to a through station. For thirty years Gilfach Ddu (LLR) was the new line's southern terminus, situated a short distance south of the site of the Padarn Railway's former workmen's station, also named Gilfach Ddu. In 2003 a wholly new extension was opened south westwards, with Llanberis (LLR) station as the line's new southern terminus. With this extension Gilfach Ddu (LLR) changed from a terminus to a through station.
Penllyn (LLR) is situated a short distance south of the site of the former Padarn Railway Pen-y-Llyn workmen's station.
The line and station primarily serve tourists and railway enthusiasts.
| Preceding station | Heritage railways | Heritage railways | Heritage railways | Following station |
| Cei Llydan | | Llanberis Lake Railway | | Terminus |
# Stolička's mountain vole

Stolička's or Stoliczka's mountain vole (Alticola stoliczkanus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China, Pakistan, India and Nepal.
# Shattered

Shattered may refer to:

## Books

* Shattered (Casey book), a 2010 non-fiction book: true-crime account of pregnant mother's murder
* Shattered (Francis novel), a 2000 novel by Dick Francis: glassblower seeks videotape following death of jockey
* Shattered (Koontz novel), a 1973 novel by Dean Koontz: family on road trip pursued by psychopath
* Shattered (Walters novel), a 2006 novel by Eric Walters: spoiled teen put to work in a soup kitchen
* Shattered, a 2014 novel by Kevin Hearne: urban fantasy in the Iron Druid universe
* Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign, a 2017 non-fiction book by Amie Parnes and Jonathan Allen

## Film

* Shattered (1921 film), a German silent film
* Shattered (1972 film), a British film directed by Alastair Reid, most commonly known as Something to Hide
* Shattered (1991 film), an American film directed by Wolfgang Petersen
* Shattered (2007 film), a Canadian film directed by Mike Barker, most commonly known as Butterfly on a Wheel
* Shattered (2011 film), a Nigerian film
* Shattered (2022 film), a 2022 American thriller film directed by Luis Prieto

## Television

* Shattered (Canadian TV series), a 2010 police procedural series
* Shattered (British TV series), a 2004 reality television show shown on Channel 4
* "Shattered" (Star Trek: Voyager), an episode of the TV series Star Trek: Voyager
* "Shattered" (Star Wars: The Clone Wars)

## Music

* The Shattered, a glam rock influenced band from California

### Albums

* Shattered (album), a 2006 singles compilation album by The Exploding Hearts
* Shattered (EP), a 2008 EP by Matisyahu

### Songs

* "Shattered" (song), a song by The Rolling Stones from Some Girls 1978
* "Shattered", a song by Linda Ronstadt from Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind 1989
* "Shattered", a song by Pantera from Cowboys from Hell 1990
* "Shattered", a song by Stratovarius from Dreamspace 1994
* "Shattered", a song by The Cranberries from Bury the Hatchet 1998
* "Shattered", a song by The Haunted from The Haunted 1998
* "Shattered", a song by The Trucks from The Trucks 2006
* "Shattered", a song by Backstreet Boys from This Is Us 2009
* "Shattered (Turn the Car Around)", a single by O.A.R. from All Sides 2008

## Other uses

* "SHAttered", a hash collision attack on SHA-1 algorithm
* Shattered set, a concept in mathematics, especially Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory
# Muraja

Muraja is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was a part of Pöide Parish.
# Richard Hewlett

Richard Hewlett may refer to:
* Richard G. Hewlett (1923–2015), American historian
* Richard Hewlett (American Revolutionary War) (1729–1789), Royalist soldier
# Sven Kwiatkowski

Sven Kwiatkowski (born 14 April 1977) is a German gymnast. He competed in the team final at the 2004 Summer Olympics.