OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Phytopathological Society

The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings.
The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology.
APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press.
APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training.

## History

The society was founded in December 1908 by a group led by Cornelius Lott Shear. The first regular meeting was held in December 1909. It was the first scientific organization in the world to be devoted exclusively to phytopathology.
In 1929, its Canadian Phytopathological division was spun off into an independent organization, the Canadian Phytopathological Society.

## Journals

The society began publishing scientific peer-reviewed research in 1911 and today publishes five journals in the area of plant pathology:
* Phytopathology ISSN 0031-949X
* Plant Disease ISSN 0191-2917
* Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ISSN 0894-0282
* Plant Health Progress ISSN 1535-1025
* Plant Health Instructor ISSN 1935-9411
* Phytobiomes Journal ISSN 2471-2906

## Awards

The society gives a number of awards, designated by the National Research Council (United States) as "prestigious."
* Ruth Allen Award has been given since 1966 to outstanding researchers in plant pathology. The award is named after Ruth F. Allen 1879–1963, a researcher in rust fungi and the first woman to receive a PhD in botany from the University of Wisconsin. It is distinct from the Ruth Allen Award established in 2005 by the Pipeline Industries Guild, named for an engineering professor at the University of Exeter.
* William Boright Hewitt and Maybelle Ellen Ball Hewitt Award is given within 5 years after a PhD for innovative research or activities on control of plant disease.
* Lee M. Hutchins Award is given for research on perennial fruit plants' diseases.
* Noel T. Keen Award is given for research on molecular plant pathology.
# Shanghai Supercomputer Center

Shanghai Supercomputer Center (SSC; Chinese: 上海超级计算中心) offers high performance computing (HPC), technical support and technical consulting services to customers from scientific research, public utilities services, and industrials and engineering. It was founded in December 2000 with an investment by the Shanghai Municipal Government. SSC has over 350 users from 27 provinces across China, and covers 20 different fields and industries, which include weather forecast, drug design, life science, auto design, new material, civil engineering, physics, chemistry, and aerospace.
During the past decade, SSC has introduced three HPC systems, two of which were ranked #10 in TOP500 list in 2004 and 2009 separately: DAWNING 4000A (10TFlops) and DAWNING 5000A (Magic Cube, 230TFlops).
# Obolonsky

Obolonsky (masculine), Obolonskaya (feminine) is a Russian-language surname, see "Blonsky" for its etymology. Notable people with this surname include:
* Nikolai Obolonsky [ru] (1856-1913), Ukrainian (Russian Empire) professor of legal medicine, dean of the medical department, Kiev University
* Raisa Obolonsky (1924-2010), Russian writer
* Shane Obolonsky, Canadian kickboxer
# Russell Brown

Russell or Russel or Russ, named Brown may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Russ Brown (actor) (1892–1964, Russell Brown), American actor
* Russell Brown (author), Australian author
* Russell Brown (Fair City character), character in soap opera Fair City
* L. Russell Brown (born 1940), American lyricist
* Russell Brown (director), American filmmaker

## Politics

* Russell Brown (British politician) (born 1951), Scottish Labour Party politician
* Russell Brown (Canadian politician) (1911–1971), politician in Saskatchewan, Canada
* Russell P. Brown (1891–1965), American banker and member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives

## Other

* Russel Brown (1900–1988), Anglican bishop in Canada
* Russell A. Brown (born 1952), American physician and computer scientist
* Russell Brown (judge) (born 1965), Canadian jurist named to the Supreme Court of Canada
* Russell Brown (media commentator) (born 1962), New Zealand media commentator
* Russell Wolf Brown (born 1985), American middle-distance runner
# Tundra shrew

The tundra shrew (Sorex tundrensis) is a small shrew found in Alaska, the northern Yukon Territory, the MacKenzie Delta region of the Northwest Territories, extreme northwestern British Columbia and eastern Russia. At one time, this animal was considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic shrew (Sorex arcticus).
It is dark brown on its back with pale brown sides and grey underparts. Its tail is brown on top and lighter brown below. Its fur grows longer for winter. Its body is about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) in length including a 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long tail. It weighs about 11 grams (0.39 oz).
This animal is found on hillsides with shrubs or grassy vegetation or dry ridges near marshes or bogs. It eats insects, worms and grasses. Predators include hawks and owls. This animal is active day and night year-round, burrowing through the snow in winter. It mates during the spring. 4 to 8 young are born in a nest under a log or in a crevice.
# Mystic BBS

Mystic BBS is a bulletin board system software program that began in 1995 and was first released to the public in December 1997 for MS-DOS. It has been ported to Microsoft Windows, OS/2, OS X, and Linux (Intel and ARM based systems such as the Raspberry Pi). Mystic was designed to be a spiritual successor to the Renegade (BBS) and Telegard bulletin board systems.
Some of the more notable capabilities of Mystic BBS include:
* Integrated Telnet, SSH, RLogin, FTP, BinkP, HTTP, NNTP, POP3, SMTP servers with IPv4 + IPv6 support
* Full 5D compliant FidoNet BSO mailer and tosser, including BINKP & FTP mailers
* Built in AreaFix and FileFix functionality and full fileecho support
* Integrated QWK and QWKE networking via FTP
* Integrated text and ANSI editors, message editing with on-the-fly spell checking and word suggestions
* Proprietary scripting language called Mystic Programming Language (MPL)
* Embedded PYTHON 2.x and 3.x programming languages
* DOS CP437 and UTF8 character translations, terminal sizes up to 160x60
* Dynamic menus including menu editor, and fully customizable prompts
* Multiple user-selectable themes
* DOOR32 support in addition to various DOS-type door formats
* A fully featured ACS (access control system) and MCI display codes
* Modern security features such as TLS v1.2+, 512-bit PBKDF2 password storage, and AES-256 encrypted Netmail
* Highly integrated with ANSI graphics including full screen editor, lightbar menus, lightbar file listings and message reading
* Advanced, feature-rich JAM message base system with QWK/QWKE offline mail
* Multiple platform distributions available including Windows, OS X, Linux and ARM Linux (Raspberry Pi, ODROID, etc.)
A more complete list of capabilities can be found at http://www.mysticbbs.com/features.html
Attracted to the flexibility and potential that the scripting language provides, a number groups, such as ACiDic BBS modding, Cyberia, Demonic, DoRE, Vanguard, wOE!mODDING and Wicked formed for the sole purpose of writing BBS mods for SysOps who run Mystic.
# SIRPB1

Signal-regulatory protein beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRPB1 gene. SIRPB1 has also recently been designated CD172B (cluster of differentiation 172B).
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. This protein was found to interact with TYROBP/DAP12, a protein bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. This protein was also reported to participate in the recruitment of tyrosine kinase SYK. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

## Interactions

SIRPB1 has been shown to interact with TYROBP.
# Oban Celtic

Oban Celtic (/ˈsɛltɪk/) is a shinty team from Oban, Argyll, Scotland. The club won South Division One in 2016.

## History

The club was founded in 1927 due to a plethora of players being available who could not get a game for either the senior or the junior side of Oban Camanachd. The Club were highly successful from the start, winning the Bullough Cup in their first year and reaching the Camanachd Cup Final in 1937, where they defeated Newtonmore.
They won the Camanachd Cup five times in all, and they have also been runners up on four other occasions. They were also South Senior Champions 12 times before reconstruction.
The Club has fallen on hard times in the new millennium, being relegated from the old National Division One to South Division One in 2004 and then being consigned to South Division Two due to a poor league position at the time of league reconstruction. This led to the best players going to fierce local rivals Oban Camanachd, with whom there were advanced talks of a merger and also the loss of the reserve team. The club finished second in South Division Two in 2007 but won the league at a canter in 2008, marking success after several years of decline.
The club were runners-up to Glenorchy in 2010 but had a disappointing 2011, finishing 7th. However, they can look forward to renewed competition with Oban Camanachd's first team in 2012 as their bitter rivals were relegated from the Premier Division.
The club holds an annual Boxing Day fixture between ex-players and the current side. There is also the Robert Wylie Memorial cup played with Inverness.

## Nickname and origins

"Celtic"
Over the years, Oban Celtic have attracted moral support from fans of Glasgow Celtic F.C., based solely upon their name. However, this name was decided upon the mere toss of coin, the other option being Rangers. The club plays in green and white stripes.
# Pádraig Ó Fathaigh

Pádraig Ó Fathaigh (1879–1976) was a member of the Gaelic League and an Intelligence Officer of the Irish Republican Army.

## Background and early life

A native of Lurgan, Gort, County Galway, Ó Fathaigh was the fifth of six children (and third son) of Laurence and Bridget Ó Fathaigh. Like most of their neighbours, the family were tenant farmers "who lived in a three-roomed house and raised grains, root crops and livestock for sale at local markets. They also maintained a few outbuildings for their animals, indicating that the family was able to invest in some improvements on their farm." Growing up amid the Irish Land War and Home Rule, Ó Fathaigh – whose family spoke Irish at home – joined the Gaelic League. He was certified to teach Irish in national schools in 1907 and two years later became the full-time múinteoir taistil (travelling teacher) for the Gort area. He regularly cycled all over the district each week, his night classes been as large as 150 pupils.

## Irish Volunteer

He joined the Irish Volunteers in 1914, possibly becoming a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood around the same time. His older brothers, Mícheál and Seán were also Volunteers, while their youngest sister, Mary, was secretary of the local Cumann na mBan. Liam Mellows was a regular visitor to the family home. His participation in the Easter Rebellion of 1916 was cut short by his arrest at Kinvara presbytery, while the main group of over six hundred Galway volunteers gathered near Athenry and Oranmore under Liam Mellows and Larry Lardner.

## Active service in County Galway

After the failure of the rising, Ó Fathaigh served time for penal servitude in England until released in 1917. With the start of the Irish War of Independence he was on the run, serving as an intelligence officer.
He was arrested in January 1920 and was imprisoned in England. He participated in the ten-day hunger strike at London's Wormwood Scrubs prison in 1920. He escaped on 16 May, arriving back in the Gort area in June. Over the following year his friend, Joe Howley, and informant, Constable Kearney of the Royal Irish Constabulary, were killed by the Black and Tans, while other events included the killings of Eileen Quinn, Fr. Michael Griffin, the Loughnane brothers, Frank Shawe-Taylor and Captain C.E.N. Blake. Following the death of the latter, his wife and two fellow officers at the Ballyturin ambush, Ó Fathaigh's family home was burned by Crown forces, after which they ran riot in Gort.
After the Truce of 1922, he was congratulated for his efforts from Michael Collins. However, he took the Anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War.

## Later life

After the war, he earned a degree in Celtic Studies from National University of Ireland, Galway, teaching in his locality. In later years he worked as a Health Board clerk for Galway County Council and was secretary of the committee which erected a monument to Liam Mellows in Eyre Square.

## Memoir

Pádraig Ó Fathaigh wrote a memoir of his life in 1968, which is now National Library of Ireland MS 21288. It was published in 2000.
# Obolopteryx

Obolopteryx is a North American genus of katydids or bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae and tribe Odonturini.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Obolopteryx brevihastata (Morse, 1902)
* Obolopteryx castanea (Rehn & Hebard, 1914)
* Obolopteryx catinata (Rehn & Hebard, 1914)
* Obolopteryx emarginata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) type species (as Dichopetala emarginata)
* Obolopteryx eurycerca Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016
* Obolopteryx gladiator (Rehn & Hebard, 1914)
* Obolopteryx huastecana Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016
* Obolopteryx nigra Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016
* Obolopteryx oreoeca (Rehn & Hebard, 1914)
* Obolopteryx poecila (Hebard, 1932)
* Obolopteryx seeversi (Strohecker, 1941)
* Obolopteryx tamaholipana Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016
* Obolopteryx tanchipae Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2016
* Obolopteryx truncoangulata Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2015
# Urophora kasachstanica

Urophora kasachstanica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Urophora of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan
# Tectaria subrepanda

Tectaria subrepanda is a species of fern in the family Tectariaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Nammaw

Nammaw may refer to several places in Burma:
* Nammaw, Homalin
* Nammaw, Kalewa
# Sunsweet Growers

Sunsweet Growers Incorporated is an American agricultural marketing cooperative founded in 1917 as the California Prune and Apricot Growers Association. Sunsweet is headquartered in Yuba City, California, USA. The company operates the largest dried fruit plant in the world.

## Products

Sunsweet manufactures a variety of dried fruit and juice products, although it is best known for prunes. The company produces and distributes prunes, prune juice, cranberries, apricots, nectarines, pineapples, mangoes and dates. Other recent Sunsweet products include Ones (individually wrapped prunes), Jumbo Red Raisins (from large red flame Chilean grapes), PlumSweets (chocolate-covered prunes), PlumSmart plum juice, and Specialty mangoes, blueberries, cherries, and berry blends.

## Prune market domination

The company controls more than two-thirds (2/3) of the prune market worldwide.

### United States

Forty thousand (40,000) cases of fruit are marked and sealed for distribution daily at the factory headquarters while its juice products are bottled in Fleetwood, Pennsylvania. Over half the growers in California belong to Sunsweet.

### Chile and France

In Santa Cruz, Chile, in 2004 after the two consecutive years of crop disaster in California, Sunsweet completed a prune drying facility where it made plans to grow and process the dried fruit in an attempt to avert any future disaster says. The entire U.S. exports about 48% of prunes worldwide while the two major competitors, Chile produces 13% (partially due to the Sunsweet facility and growing) and France only about 12%. These statistics are greatly affected by Sunsweet's production.
# Wijsman convergence

Wijsman convergence is a variation of Hausdorff convergence suitable for work with unbounded sets. Intuitively, Wijsman convergence is to convergence in the Hausdorff metric as pointwise convergence is to uniform convergence.

## History

The convergence was defined by Robert Wijsman. The same definition was used earlier by Zdeněk Frolík. Yet earlier, Hausdorff in his book Grundzüge der Mengenlehre defined so called closed limits; for proper metric spaces it is the same as Wijsman convergence.

## Definition

Let (X, d) be a metric space and let Cl(X) denote the collection of all d-closed subsets of X. For a point x ∈ X and a set A ∈ Cl(X), set
    $d(x,A)=\inf _{a\in A}d(x,a).$
A sequence (or net) of sets A$_i$ ∈ Cl(X) is said to be Wijsman convergent to A ∈ Cl(X) if, for each x ∈ X,
    $d(x,A_{i})\to d(x,A).$
Wijsman convergence induces a topology on Cl(X), known as the Wijsman topology.

## Properties

* The Wijsman topology depends very strongly on the metric d. Even if two metrics are uniformly equivalent, they may generate different Wijsman topologies.
* Beer's theorem: if (X, d) is a complete, separable metric space, then Cl(X) with the Wijsman topology is a Polish space, i.e. it is separable and metrizable with a complete metric.
* Cl(X) with the Wijsman topology is always a Tychonoff space. Moreover, one has the Levi-Lechicki theorem: (X, d) is separable if and only if Cl(X) is either metrizable, first-countable or second-countable.
* If the pointwise convergence of Wijsman convergence is replaced by uniform convergence (uniformly in x), then one obtains Hausdorff convergence, where the Hausdorff metric is given by
       $d_{\mathrm {H} }(A,B)=\sup _{x\in X}{\big |}d(x,A)-d(x,B){\big |}.$
    The Hausdorff and Wijsman topologies on Cl(X) coincide if and only if (X, d) is a totally bounded space.
# Myxoid lipoblastoma

Myxoid lipoblastoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by excess mucin. It resembles myxoid liposarcoma.
# Swaroop Prakash

Swaroop Prakash (born 1983) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is elected to Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Hassan constituency representing Janata Dal (Secular).

## Early life

Prakash is from Hassan. He is the son of former MLA H. S. Prakash. He runs his own business and his wife is a doctor. He completed his graduation in Engineering in 2001 from Bahubali Engineering College, Shravanabelagola.

## Career

He has earlier served as a Zilla panchayat member from Kandli constituency, Hassan district and vice president of Hassan Zilla Panchayat. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election from Hassan Assembly constituency representing Janata Dal (Secular). He polled 85,176 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Preetham J. Gowda of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 7,854 votes.
# Shafer Township, Chisago County, Minnesota

Shafer Township is a township in Chisago County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,048 as of the 2010 census, up from 646 in 2000.

## Geography

Shafer Township is located in southeast Chisago County, bordered to the east by the city of Taylors Falls and the St. Croix River, which is the Minnesota–Wisconsin border. The city of Shafer is in the southwest part of the township but an administratively separate entity. The unincorporated community of Palmdale is in the north.
U.S. Highway 8 follows most of the southern boundary of the township, turning northeast to travel to Taylors Falls, then across the river to St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, and leading west to Lindstrom and Chisago City. State Highway 95 (MN 95) crosses the north part of the township, passing through Palmdale and leading southeast to Taylors Falls and northwest to North Branch.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Shafer Township has a total area of 29.3 square miles (75.8 km$^2$), of which 28.9 square miles (74.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km$^2$), or 1.32%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 646 people, 219 households, and 180 families residing in the township. The population density was 21.6 people per square mile (8.3/km$^2$). There were 233 housing units at an average density of 7.8/sq mi (3.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.83% White, 1.24% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.
There were 219 households, out of which 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.8% were non-families. 14.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.29.
In the township the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $59,375, and the median income for a family was $61,458. Males had a median income of $41,500 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,983. About 1.0% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Sister city

* Nöbbele, Sweden
# Stylidium prophyllum

Stylidium prophyllum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). It is an annual plant that grows from 8 to 30 cm tall. The deltate leaves, about 4-10 per plant, are scattered along the elongate, glabrous stem and are generally 0.7-1.5 mm long and 0.3-0.6 mm wide. Petioles and scapes are absent. Inflorescences are 3–14 cm long and produce pink flowers that bloom from February to June in the southern hemisphere. S. prophyllum is endemic to the area in and around the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Its habitat is recorded as being "grassy floodplains, seepage areas, and waterways." S. prophyllum is most closely related to S. fissilobum but differs mostly in its glabrous sepals.
# Telire District

Telire is a district of the Talamanca canton, in the Limón province of Costa Rica.

## History

Telire was created on 14 April 2004 by Decreto Ejecutivo 31772-G.

## Geography

Telire has an area of 2,229.73 km² and an elevation of 70 metres.

## Locations

* Poblados: Alto Cuen (Kjacka Bata), Alto Lari (Duriñak), Alto Urén, Arenal, Bajo Blei, Bajo Cuen, Boca Urén, Bris, Cachabli, Coroma, Croriña, China Kichá, Dururpe, Guachalaba, Katsi, Kichuguecha, Kivut, Mojoncito, Namuwakir, Orochico, Ourut, Purisquí, Purita, Rangalle, San José Cabecar, Sepeque, Shewab, Sipurio, Soky, Sorókicha, Sukut, Surayo, Suiri, Telire, Turubokicha, Urén.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Telire had a population of 6,240 inhabitants.