OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SeSiSo Club

The SeSiSo Club was a political and cultural discussion group in Berlin in the 1920s. Its members were of diverse political affiliations. The club had no official existence; its name was derived from the surnames of its chairmen, Hans von Seeckt, Walter Simons, and Wilhelm Solf.
The club's values were enlightenment and humanism. Meetings took place in the Hotel Kaiserhof with up to 400 participants, often members of the elite, discussing the issues of the time. The first meeting was on 2 January 1922, and the club continued into the 1930s.
Guests included Harry Graf Kessler, Otto Hoetzsch, Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, Sir Horace Rumbold (when he was British ambassador in Berlin), Ernst von Harnack, Arthur Zarden, Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord, and Paul Wolff Metternich.
Although the club had little political influence, during the time of National Socialism, some of its members joined various resistance groups, including the Solf Circle.

## Bethmann Dinner

On 29 November 1921, Seeckt, Simons, and Solf entertained Walther Rathenau and Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord to dinner in honour of Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, who had died on 1 January 1921, and whose birthday was on 29 November. The SeSiSo Club continued the tradition of a gala Bethmann Dinner every 29 November.
# Scutellaria sarmentosa

Scutellaria sarmentosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# List of films shot in Oxford

The following is a list of films that were filmed wholly or partially in Oxford, England (often featuring the University of Oxford):
* Accident (1967)
* The Italian Job (1969)
* Heaven's Gate - Harvard commencement sequences shot in New College Lane, the Sheldonian Theatre and at Mansfield College in 1980.
* Another Country (1984)
* Oxford Blues (1984)
* Young Sherlock Holmes (1984)
* A Fish Called Wanda (1988)
* Howards End (1992)
* Shadowlands (1993)
* The Madness of King George (1994)
* True Blue (1996)
* The Saint (1997)
* Wilde (1997)
* The Red Violin (1998)
* Saving Private Ryan (1998)
* Mohabbatein (2000) (Bollywood film)
* 102 Dalmatians (2000)
* Quills (2000)
* Iris (2001)
* Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001)
* Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002)
* Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)
* Bhagam Bhag (2006) (Bollywood film)
* Blue Blood (2006)
* The History Boys (2006)
* The Golden Compass (2007)
* Salaam-e-Ishq (2007) (Bollywood film)
* Brideshead Revisited (2008)
* I Can't Think Straight (2008)
* The Oxford Murders (2008)
* An Education (2009)
* Alice in Wonderland (2010)
* Robinson in Ruins (2010)
* X-Men: First Class (2011)
* Desi Boyz (2011)
* Belle (2013)
* The Riot Club (2014)
* Doctor Strange (2016)
* Transformers: The Last Knight (2017)
* The Mummy (2017)
* Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018)
* Tolkien (2019)
* Saltburn (2023)
* Wonka 2023
* Surprised by Oxford 2023
# Scotty's Junction, Nevada

Scotty's Junction is an unincorporated community in the Sarcobatus Flat of Nye County, Nevada where State Route 267 meets with U.S. Route 95 at an elevation of 4,062 feet (1,238 m).
It was named after Walter E. Scott (a.k.a. Death Valley Scotty, of nearby Scotty's Castle fame).
Nevada Public Radio maintains translator station K201BF in the area, retransmitting KNPR in Las Vegas on 88.1 FM.

## History

Scotty's Junction was originally a stop on the Bullfrog Goldfield Railroad (BGR) at Sarcobatus Flat/Tolicha for the Bonnie Claire Mines and the town of Bonnie Claire. The BGR was a short-lived railroad and it along with the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad (LV&T) were acquired by the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad (T&T) and combined for the shortest route. Supplies to build Scotty's Castle were trucked from the Bonnie Claire Depot to the castle site. In fact, the last delivery this train would ever make would be construction supplies for Scotty's Castle, the tracks were literally torn up and scrapped after this last delivery and the ties taken to the castle to be used for firewood.
The Timbisha Shoshone Homeland Act of 2000 provides for transfer to the Timbisha tribe of 2800 acres (11 km$^2$) of land and an annual 375.5 acre-feet (463,200 m$^3$) of ground water around Scotty's Junction.
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1675

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in its 16th year, 1675.

## Fellows

* Sir Philip Percivale (1656–1680)
* Daniel Milles (1626–1689)
* George Savile 1st Marquess of Halifax (1633–1695)
* Sir Paul Whichcote, 2nd Baronet (1643–1721)
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1679

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in its 20th year, 1679.

## Fellows

* William Naper (d. 1683)
* Thomas Pigot (1657–1686)
* Thomas Sheridan (1646–1688)
* Henry Paman (1623–1695)
* Sir William Waller (1639–1699)
* William Bridgeman (1646–1699)
* Edward Tyson (1650–1708)
* Ezekiel Spanheim Freiherr von (1629–1710)
* Giovanni Ambrosio Sarotti (1679–1714)
# Sebelius

Sebelius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kathleen Sebelius (born 1948), American politician
* Keith Sebelius (1916–1982), American politician
* K. Gary Sebelius (born 1949), United States magistrate judge
# List of flag bearers for Jordan at the Olympics

This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Jordan at the Olympics.
Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.
| # | Event year | Season | Flag bearer | Sport |
| 1 | 1980 | Summer | Abdul Latif Abdul Magid | Official |
| 2 | 1984 | Summer | Mourad Barakat | Official |
| 3 | 1988 | Summer | Muneir Al-Masri | Wrestling |
| 4 | 1992 | Summer | Tawfeiq Nwaiser | Taekwondo |
| 5 | 1996 | Summer | Walid Al-Awazem | Judo |
| 6 | 2000 | Summer | Princess Haya bint Al Hussein | Equestrian |
| 7 | 2004 | Summer | Khalil Al-Hanahneh | Athletics |
| 8 | 2008 | Summer | Zeina Shaban | Table tennis |
| 9 | 2012 | Summer | Nadin Dawani | Taekwondo |
| 10 | 2016 | Summer | Hussein Ishaish | Boxing |
| 11 | 2020 | Summer | Julyana Al-Sadeq | Taekwondo |
| 11 | 2020 | Summer | Zeyad Ishaish | Boxing |
| 12 | 2024 | Summer | Rama Abo-Alrub | Taekwondo |
| 12 | 2024 | Summer | Saleh Sharabaty | Taekwondo |
# List of flag bearers for Kazakhstan at the Olympics

This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Kazakhstan at the Olympics.
Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.
| # | Event year | Season | Flag bearer | Sport |
| 1 | 1994 | Winter | Kayrat Biekenov | Ski jumping |
| 2 | 1996 | Summer | Yermakhan Ibraimov | Boxing |
| 3 | 1998 | Winter | Vladimir Smirnov | Cross-country skiing |
| 4 | 2000 | Summer | Yermakhan Ibraimov | Boxing |
| 5 | 2002 | Winter | Radik Bikchentayev | Speed skating |
| 6 | 2004 | Summer | Askhat Zhitkeyev | Judo |
| 7 | 2006 | Winter | Aleksandr Koreshkov | Ice hockey |
| 8 | 2008 | Summer | Bakhyt Akhmetov | Weightlifting |
| 9 | 2010 | Winter | Dias Keneshev | Biathlon |
| 10 | 2012 | Summer | Nurmakhan Tinaliyev | Wrestling |
| 11 | 2014 | Winter | Yerdos Akhmadiyev | Cross-country skiing |
| 12 | 2016 | Summer | Ruslan Zhaparov | Taekwondo |
| 13 | 2018 | Winter | Abzal Azhgaliyev | Short track speed skating |
| 14 | 2020 | Summer | Kamshybek Kunkabayev | Boxing |
| 14 | 2020 | Summer | Olga Rypakova | Athletics |
| 15 | 2022 | Winter | Yekaterina Aidova | Speed skating |
| 15 | 2022 | Winter | Abzal Azhgaliyev | Short track speed skating |
| 16 | 2024 | Summer | Olga Safronova | Athletics |
| 16 | 2024 | Summer | Aslanbek Shymbergenov | Boxing |
# Sea & Eugene & Shoo

Sea & Eugene & Shoo is the second studio album by South Korean girl group S.E.S., released through SM Entertainment on November 23, 1998. The record spawned the singles "Dreams Come True", "I Love You" and "Shy Boy", with the first two songs topping the domestic music program charts for multiple weeks.

## Background

Sea & Eugene & Shoo was released as the group's second album in November 1998. The album spawned three singles including "Dreams Come True", "I Love You", and "Shy Boy". The songs "Dreams Come True" and "Eternal Love" are 1998 covers of the 1996 tracks "Rakastuin mä looseriin" ("Like a Fool") and "Teflon love" ("Eternal Love") respectively, from the Finnish pop band Nylon Beat. Additionally, the album track "Feeling" is also a cover of their 1997 song "Veit multa frendin" ("Don't Disappoint Me").

## Reception
### Critical reception

In an IZM review for Sea & Eugene & Shoo in October 2021, music critic Kim Seong-yeop wrote that "It is an album that builds on the mysterious fairy concept that is still considered a symbol of the group." He additionally noted that "They could have taken the safe route of following the youthful image of their debut song '(Cause) I'm your girl', but they were able to gain a differentiated edge in the battlefield of idol groups by trying experimental music with unique colors."

### Commercial performance

The album was commercially successful in South Korea, peaking at number one on the RIAK monthly album chart for two consecutive months in November and December 1998. In June 1999, it was reported that the album had sold more than 651,000 copies.

## Accolades

Music program awards :
| Song | Program | Date |
| "Dreams Come True" | Music Bank | December 8, 1998 |
| "Dreams Come True" | Music Bank | January 5, 1999 |
| "Dreams Come True" | Music Bank | January 19, 1999 |
| "Dreams Come True" | Inkigayo | January 10, 1999 |
| "Dreams Come True" | Music Camp | January 23, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Inkigayo | January 31, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Inkigayo | February 28, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Inkigayo | March 7, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Music Bank | February 9, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Music Bank | March 2, 1999 |
| "I Love You" | Music Bank | March 16, 1999 |

## Charts
### Monthly charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| South Korean Albums (MIAK) | 1 |

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| South Korea | — | 651,330 |
# List of honorary doctors of Lincoln University (New Zealand)

The list of Honorary Doctors of Lincoln University below shows the recipients of honorary doctorates conferred by Lincoln University in New Zealand since it attained full autonomy from the University of Canterbury in 1990.
| Year | Recipient | Degree |
| 1993 | Helen Hughes | DSc |
| 1993 | Sidney Hurst | DSc |
| 1994 | Robert Sutherland | DSc |
| 1996 | Ropata Wahawaha Stirling | DNatRes |
| 1997 | Allan Wright | DCom |
| 1997 | Alfred Jabu Numpang | DNatRes |
| 1998 | Vicki Buck | DCom |
| 1998 | Diana, Lady Isaac | DNatRes |
| 1998 | Alberto Fujimori | DSc (revoked in 2010) |
| 1999 | Ron Trotter | DCom |
| 1999 | Don McKinnon | DCom |
| 2000 | Malcolm Cameron | DSc |
| 2000 | Tim Wallis | DCom |
| 2000 | Mike Moore | DCom |
| 2001 | Terry Ryan | DSc |
| 2001 | John Buck | DCom |
| 2001 | Hamid Bin Bugo | DCom |
| 2002 | Peter Elworthy | DCom |
| 2002 | Charlie Challenger | DNatRes |
| 2003 | Gerry McSweeney | DNatRes |
| 2003 | Suranant Subhadrabandhu | DSc |
| 2004 | Tipene O'Regan | DCom |
| 2004 | Morgan Williams | DNatRes |
| 2005 | Frank Boffa | DNatRes |
| 2005 | Reinhart Langer | DSc |
| 2006 | Margaret Austin | DSc |
| 2006 | Allan Hubbard | DCom |
| 2007 | Bob Charles | DNatRes |
| 2007 | Peri Drysdale | DCom |
| 2008 | Chris Doig | DSocSc |
| 2008 | Graham Kitson | DSc |
| 2009 | Mark Inglis | DNatRes |
| 2009 | John Roadley | DCom |
| 2010 | Garth Carnaby | DSc |
| 2010 | Rob Fenwick | DNatRes |
| 2011 | Henry van der Heyden | DCom |
| 2012 | Graeme Harrison | DCom |
| 2012 | Richie McCaw | DNatRes |
| 2012 | Jan Wright | DSc |
| 2013 | John Palmer | DCom |
| 2014 | Peter Townsend | DCom |
| 2015 | Mark Solomon | DNatRes |
| 2015 | Sue Suckling | DSc |
| 2016 | John Luxton | DSc |
| 2016 | Peter Skelton | DNatRes |
| 2017 | Annabel Langbein | DCom |
| 2018 | Margaret Bazley | DNatRes |
| 2018 | Tom Lambie | DNatRes |
| 2018 | Geoff Ross | DCom |
| 2019 | John Penno | DCom |
| 2019 | Hugh Wilson | DNatRes |
| 2019 | John Tavendale | DCom |
| 2021 | Andy Borland | DCom |
| 2021 | Jim Douglas | DSc |
| 2022 | David Carter | DCom |
| 2022 | Bruce Scoggins | DSc |
| 2022 | Phil Beatson | DSc |
| 2023 | David Shearer | DCom |
| 2023 | Anake Goodall | DNatRes |
| 2024 | Steve Smith | |
| 2024 | Deb Gilbertson | |
# List of institutions of higher education in Ranchi

Most of the colleges and institutions of higher education in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India are under the jurisdiction of Ranchi University.
As the institutions of higher studies fall short of city's requirement, many students, after completing schooling in the state, move away to places like New Delhi, Karnataka and several other locations for study of higher technical and non-technical subjects.

## Autonomous

* Indian Institute of Information Technology
* Indian Institute of Management Ranchi
* National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology
* National University of Study and Research in Law
* Xavier Institute of Social Service

## Engineering

* Jharkhand Rai University
* Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
* Birla Institute of Technology, Extension centre, Lalpur
* Cambridge Institute of Technology, Tatisilwai

## General Colleges

* Yogoda Satsanga Mahavidyalaya
* Doranda College Doranda
* Gossner College
* Gossner Theological College
* J. N. College
* Mahendra Prasad Mahavidyalaya
* Marwari Boys' College
* Marwari Girls' College
* Moulana Azad College
* Nirmala College, Doranda, Ranchi
* Ranchi College
* Ranchi Women's College
* St. Paul's College, Ranchi
* St. Xavier's College, Ranchi
* Sanjay Gandhi Memorial College
* Suraj Singh Memorial College
* Silli College Silli , Ranchi

## Law

* Chotanagpur Law College

## Medical

* Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences
* Sadar Medical College and Hospital, Ranchi
* Central Institute of Psychiatry

## University

* Jharkhand Rai University
* [[Birsa Agricultural
* Sarala Birla University
University]]
* Central University of Jharkhand
* ICFAI University, Jharkhand
* Amity University, Jharkhand
* Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University
* Ranchi University
* Sai Nath University

## Other

* Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research
* Central Institute of Psychiatry
* Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology
* Indian Institute of Coal Management
* Indian Institute of Legal Metrology
* Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums
* International Institute of Professional Studies
* Institute of Management Studies, Ranchi
* Institute of Science & Management
* Kejriwal Institute of Management
* Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Applied Sciences
* NILAI Group of Institutions Ranchi
* Ram Tahal Choudhary Institute of Technology
* SBS College, Ranchi
* Swami Mangal Das Pranami College
* Usha Martin University
* Ranchi Veterinary College, Kanke, Ranchi
* Ranchi Agriculture College, Kanke, Ranchi
# Primrose Path (Jimmy Knepper and Bobby Wellins album)

Primrose Path is an album led by trombonist Jimmy Knepper with saxophonist Bobby Wellins which was recorded in 1980 and originally released on the Scottish Hep label. The album was rereleased on CD in 1994 along with Just Friends as Special Relationship.

## Track listing

All compositions by Jimmy Knepper except where noted.
* "Primrose Path" – 12:37
* "What is There to Say" (Vernon Duke, Yip Harburg) – 4:53
* "Song for Keith" (Pete Jacobsen) – 3:02
* "Gnome on the Range – 8:44
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) – 6:08
* "Latter Day Saint" – 7:16

## Personnel

* Jimmy Knepper – trombone
* Bobby Wellins – tenor saxophone
* Pete Jacobsen – piano
* Dave Green – bass
* Ron Parry – drums
# Seamen's Association of 1856

The Seamen's Association of 1856 (Danish: Sømandsforeningen af 1856) was founded in Copenhagen in 1856. It runs Princess Marie's Home for Old Seamen and Seamen's Widows (Danish: Prinsesse Maries Hjem for gamle Sømænd og Sømændsenker) in Christianshavn where the association is also based.

## History

The charity was created at the initiative of seaman Peter Funk. He was born in Øster Marie on the island of Bornholm in 1823. His mother died when he was four and he went to Copenhagen when he was 17 where his career as a seaman began shortly thereafter. In 1856, he presented his plans to a group of seamen at a meeting in Copenhagen. This resulted in the foundation of the Seamen's Association of 1856 (Sømandsforeningen af 1856) and the first general meeting was held the following year. The association got off to a very slow start but in 1858 Funk met naval lieutenant A. B. Rothe who had read about the organization in the newspaper. A new general meeting was arranged, a committee was set up and new statutes adopted. Rothe was elected as new chairman but Funk remained on the board until 1860 when he failed to be reelected. The first president of the new association was Prince Valdemar, King Christian IX's son.
The seamen's home was inaugurated on 26 February 1875 in the presence of Christian IX. It consisted of 73 apartments as well as a small section with 22 rooms where young seamen could stay while they waited for work. It also contained a dining hall, a bathroom and a reading room with 350 books.
In 1911 the seamen's home went through a major renovation and reopened as Princess Marie's Home for Old Seamen and Seamen's Widows. The new name commemorated Princess Marie, Prince Valdemar's wife, who had suddenly died in 1909. Together with her husband, she was among the association's largest benefactors and she had personally led several national collections for the support of the families of the seamen who drowned in the Harboøre Accident of 1894 and the North Sea Accident of 1896. A memorial to the princess was unveiled at Langelinie in 1912.

## Princess Marie's Home for Old Seamen

The oldest part of the building (Christianshavns Kanal 8-10/Wildersgade 68-70/Bådsmandsstræde 9-17) was designed by Johan Schrøder. It is five storeys high and built in yellow brick. It features a small tower on the corner of Wildersgade and the canal.
The extension from 1821(Christianshavns Kanal 12/Overgaden neden Vandet 53) was designed by Olaf Schmidth. It is built in red brick in a Neo-Baroque style and consists of five storeys and a Mansard roof.
The old wing was refurbished in 1995–1999. Another renovation took place in 2007–08.

## Cultural references

The building is used as a location in the films Kvindelist og kærlighed (1960) and Ta' lidt solskin (1969).
# Secretive dwarf squirrel

The secretive dwarf squirrel (Prosciurillus abstrusus) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it is found on the Mengkoka Mountains in southeastern Sulawesi. Its natural habitat is montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Seamus McSporran

Seamus McSporran, BEM (born 1938) is a Scottish man who worked in over 13 jobs for 31 years in the Scottish Isle of Gigha. The island has a population of about 150.
For 31 years McSporran was working in 14 jobs:
* ambulance, bus and taxi driver (all the same vehicle)
* School-bus driver
* A boatman
* An accountant
* bed and breakfast hotel keeper (including renting bicycles to tourists)
* fire chief
* insurance agent
* petrol pump attendant
* pier master
* police officer
* postmaster
* registrar of births, marriages and deaths
* rent collector
* shopkeeper
* undertaker
* Barman
* He also used to deliver the beer to the island's local pub
McSporran began in 1965 as postmaster and shopkeeper and gradually increased his responsibilities. In 1989 he received the British Empire Medal for his services.
McSporran announced his retirement in April 2000 at the age of 62. In an interview he said that his wife had been a great help with his multiple duties. His brother is Willie McSporran.
McSporran was featured in the widely used English textbooks for adults New Headway Elementary and New Headway Elementary 3rd Edition.
# Proprioseiopsis chilosus

Proprioseiopsis chilosus is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Proprioseiopsis caliensis

Proprioseiopsis caliensis is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Program ConCiencia

The Program ConCiencia is an initiative of science communication created in 2006 by the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela and the Consorcio de Santiago. It is based on visits to Santiago de Compostela of Nobel Laureates or analogous laureates in mathematics (Fields Medal, Abel Prize) and computer science (Turing Award). Since 2008 this program organizes also the Fonseca Prize of science communication, which so far has been awarded to Stephen W. Hawking, James Lovelock, Sir David Attenborough and Sir Roger Penrose.

## Participants

* Heinrich Rohrer (Nobel Physics 1986)
* Torsten N. Wiesel (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 1981)
* Richard R. Ernst (Nobel Chemistry 1991)
* Sir Michael Atiyah (Fields Medal 1966, Abel Prize 2004)
* Frank Wilczek (Nobel Physics 2004)
* John E. Walker (Nobel Chemistry 1997)
* Peter Lax (Abel Prize 2005)
* John F. Nash (Nobel Economy 1994)
* Harold E. Varmus (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 1989)
* Frances E. Allen (Turing Award 2006)
* Gerardus 't Hooft (Nobel Physics 1999)
* K. Barry Sharpless (Nobel Chemistry 2001)
* Jean-Marie Lehn (Nobel Chemistry 1987)
* James Watson Cronin (Nobel Physics 1980)
* Roger David Kornberg (Nobel Chemistry 2006)
* Albert Fert (Nobel Physics 2007)
* Sir Harold Walter Kroto (Nobel Chemistry 1996)
* Sir Richard J. Roberts (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 1993)
* Ada E. Yonath (Nobel Chemistry 2009)
* Mohamed ElBaradei (Nobel Peace 2005)
* Samuel Chao Chung Ting (Nobel Physics 1976)
* Richard R. Schrock (Nobel Chemistry 2005)
* Sheldon Glashow (Nobel Physics 1979)
* Ei-ichi Negishi (Nobel Chemistry 2010)
* Sir Tim Hunt (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 2001)
* Sir Anthony J. Leggett (Nobel Physics 2003)
* Eric A. Cornell (Nobel Physics 2001)
* Harald zur Hausen (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 2008)
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Nobel Physics 1997)
* Cédric Villani (Fields Medal 2010)
* Serge Haroche (Nobel Physics 2012)
* Stanley B. Prusiner (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 1997)
* Finn E. Kydland (Nobel Economy 2004)
* May-Britt Moser (Nobel Physiology or Medicine 2014)
* Jean-Pierre Sauvage (Nobel Chemistry 2016)
* Bernard L. Feringa (Nobel Chemistry 2016)
* Tomas Lindahl (Nobel Chemistry 2015)
* David MacMillan (Nobel Chemistry 2021)
* Stanley Whittingham (Nobel Chemistry 2019)
* David Chipperfield (Pritzker Prize 2023)
* Klaus von Klitzing (Nobel Physics 1985)
# Program 973

973 Program (Chinese: 973计划) or also known as National Basic Research Program is a basic research program initiated by the People's Republic of China to achieve technology and strategic edge in various scientific fields and especially the development of the rare earth minerals industry. The program was absorbed alongside the 863 Program into the "National Key R&D Program" in 2016.

## History

The program was initiated in 1997 by the Chinese government to develop basic research, innovations and technologies aligned with national priorities in economic development and social development. The program was managed by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. Natural Science Foundation of China is also involved in coordinating the research with the program.
Over the years the program has dedicated funding to areas such as agriculture, health, information, energy, environment, resources, population and materials.

## Project funding

The central government has in the past funded projects for a term of no more than five years. Recently, the funding model has changed to 2 + 3 years. Two years after the project has been implemented, it will be assessed by a special panel and allocate funding accordingly.