OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Shannon

Paul Vincent Shannon (November 11, 1909 – July 25, 1990) was a Pittsburgh radio and television announcer best known for hosting the local children's television show, Adventure Time, and for his part in bringing about the early sixties resurgence of The Three Stooges.

## Career

Shannon worked for years at KDKA radio in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and hosted his own show as the Dream Weaver, reading romantic poetry to electric organ accompaniment in the style of Peter Grant on the famous Cincinnati radio program Moon River over WLW. He also hosted the syndicated science-focused program Adventures in Research with Thomas Phillips.
After moving to WTAE-TV, Shannon became a Pittsburgh legend, particularly to the baby boom generation, as host of the popular children's television block Adventure Time. The show aired on WTAE channel 4 in the afternoons. The show showed Three Stooges shorts, the vast library of Warner Bros. Cartoons, Rocky and Bullwinkle cartoons, Little Rascals shorts, and the first color anime, Kimba the White Lion, in serialised form along with skits and songs.
Shannon played to a studio audience that attended each broadcast, usually scout troops, and amused his audiences with his alter ego, "Nosmo King", a play on "No Smoking" signs (but not to be confused with H. Vernon Watson (1886–1949), the British music hall artist who also performed as Nosmo King).
He used a prop he dubbed "The Magic Sword".
A high point of the show came each Christmas season, when Shannon read children's letters to Santa Claus, placed them into a rocket, and launched it to the North Pole.
Shannon was one of several 1950s–1960s children's TV hosts to begin presenting reruns of the Three Stooges on Adventure Time, bringing the trio's 1930s and 1940s comedy shorts to an entirely new audience. It helped revive the Stooges as a viable act at a time when they were considered ancient history, leading to an entirely new career of stage and film appearances. In gratitude to Shannon and several other hosts, the Stooges featured them in cameo roles in their feature films. Shannon played Wild Bill Hickok in the Three Stooges film The Outlaws Is Coming.
He retired and moved to Lantana, Florida, in 1975, and died there of brain cancer at age 80 in 1990.
# Paul Shan Kuo-hsi

Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, S.J. (Chinese: 單國璽; pinyin: Shàn Guóxǐ; 3 December 1924 – 22 August 2012) was a cardinal in the Catholic Church. He was at times the bishop of Hualien and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and the chairman of Fu Jen Catholic University.

## Biography

Kuo-hsi was born in Puyang, Zhili province (now Puyang, Henan province) of China. He joined the Society of Jesus on September 11, 1946, took religious vows, September 12, 1948, and final vows on February 2, 1963. He was ordained on March 18, 1955, in Baguio, Philippines.
He attended St. Joseph Regional Seminary, Chiughsien and then Berchmans College, Manila, where he earned a licentiate in philosophy. He went on to attend Bellarmine College, Baguio, Philippines, being awarded a licentiate in theology. He also attended the Xavier University earning a diploma in education science and finally the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome where he was awarded a doctorate in theology. Besides Mandarin, his first language, he also spoke Latin, English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.
After his ordination to the priesthood in 1955, he did further studies in Novaliches from 1955 to 1957. He then served as director of the Chinese section of Sacred Heart School, Cebu from 1957 to 1959, after which he took time to pursue doctoral studies in Rome. He served as assistant master of novices in Thu Duc, Vietnam, from 1959 to 1963, then master of novices and rector of Manresa House, Changhua, Taiwan from 1963 to 1970. He went on to serve as rector of St. Ignatius Institute in Taipei from 1970 to 1976 and president of the Catholic Schools Association, Taiwan, from 1972 to 1976. He was appointed episcopal vicar of Taipei in 1976, holding the post until 1979.
He was appointed Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hualien, in Hualien, Taiwan, on November 15, 1979, by Pope John Paul II, and after his episcopal consecration was installed as Bishop of Hualien on February 14, 1981. After his service there, he was transferred and appointed Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaohsiung, in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, also by Pope John Paul II, on March 4, 1991. He was installed as Bishop of Kaohsiung on June 17, 1991.
He was appointed Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus S. Chrysogoni by Pope John Paul II on February 21, 1998, and was, following the death of Cardinal Ignatius Kung in 2000, and then Cardinal John Wu in 2002, and before the elevation of Cardinal Joseph Zen, the only known living Chinese Cardinal. (A Cardinal appointed in pectore by Pope John Paul II in 2003 was rumored to reside in mainland China, but that appointment expired with the Pontiff's death since the Cardinal's name was never published.) He retired in January 2006 and died on Wednesday, August 22, 2012, after a battle with a pneumonia infection, having also battled lung cancer since his diagnosis in August 2006, eight months after his retirement.
# Paul Shanahan (hurler)

Paul Shanahan is an Irish hurler who plays as a forward for the Tipperary senior team. He plays his club hurling with Upperchurch–Drombane.

## Career

Shanahan made his senior debut for the Tipperary hurling team on 3 February 2018 in the second round of the 2018 National Hurling League against Waterford when he came on as a substitute in the first half.
# Paul Russell Cutright

Paul Russell Cutright (March 18, 1897 – March 11, 1988) was an American historian, biologist, and professor, who was especially known for his work on the Lewis and Clark Expedition history and scientific achievements.
# Law School, University of São Paulo

The Law School of the University of São Paulo (Portuguese: Faculdade de Direito da Universidade São Paulo, or also Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco) is an institution of higher education and research in the field of law located in São Paulo, Brazil. It joined the University of São Paulo (USP) in 1934, when the latter was established.

## History

One of the oldest establishments of higher education in Brazil, and the oldest law school, the São Francisco Law School (in Portuguese: "Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco"), was founded together with the Olinda Law School (later moved and renamed Recife Law School), by Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro I on August 11, 1827, but its classes began earlier than Olinda's. As it was founded a few years after the proclamation of the Independence of Brazil, it was essential for the administration of the Brazilian Empire, having taught most of those who would later be part of the Brazilian government.
The school was first installed in a monastery building from the Franciscan order, which has been rebuilt several times since, for instance, after a fire. The most recent construction dates from 1934. A number of Brazilian politicians and famous writers have studied at Largo de São Francisco since its foundation, such as Castro Alves, Álvares de Azevedo, Fagundes Varela, Ruy Barbosa, Monteiro Lobato.
There is a statue of Álvares de Azevedo in front of the building with this quote: "Foi poeta, sonhou e amou na vida", which translates to "He was a poet, dreamed and loved in life".
Students come from all over the country to study at São Francisco and contribute with bohemian and cultural lifestyle to the Brazilian most cosmopolitan city of São Paulo.
There is a gravestone in its patio, where Julius Frank, a German professor dear to students, was buried in 1841. Because Frank was a Protestant, he could not be buried in any of the Catholic graveyards in São Paulo, so the students chose to bury him inside the school as homage.

## Ranking

Consistently ranked as the best Law School in Brazil, São Francisco Law School has been the alma mater to 13 Brazilian presidents and many outstanding public officers, diplomats, scholars, writers, politicians and businessmen. Each year São Francisco Law School admits 460 new students in its undergraduate (LL.B.) program, from roughly 10,000 to 15,000 applicants. Graduate programs (LL.M. and SJD) are also available.
# Paul Hodgson

Paul Hodgson may refer to:
* Paul Hodgson (rugby union) (born 1982), English rugby union player and coach
* Paul Hodgson (baseball) (born 1960), Canadian-born Major League Baseball outfielder
* Paul Hodgson (Australian footballer) (born 1944), Australian rules footballer
* Paul A. Hodgson (1891–1955), United States Army officer
# Paul Hoeffler

Paul Hoeffler (1 November 1937 – 30 July 2005) was a photographer who worked in Rochester, New York, New York City, and Toronto, Canada. Hoeffler is mostly known for his photographs of the American Jazz scene of the 1950s and 1960s and of Jazz icons such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Nat King Cole, Oscar Peterson, Jimmy Smith, Count Basie, Sarah Vaughan and Billie Holiday. He also had a great passion for classical music and cultivated a close friendship with the conductor Leopold Stokowski, whom he photographed on many occasions during performances and in private.
Paul Hoeffler gained a BFA in photography at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), where he studied under the supervision of Minor White. After his graduation in 1959, Hoeffler moved to New York, where he worked as a master printer in a studio while building his career as a photographer. He later started his own studio and worked for various magazines, including fashion magazines, and took up wide commercial and artistic assignments. Prestigious record companies such as Verve, Mercury, Prestige and Blue Note commissioned Hoeffler for numerous album covers.
He moved to Toronto, Canada in 1971, where he carried on with his passion for photographing musicians, festivals and clubs. He produced a few CDs, hosted a radio show and taught at Humber College and Ryerson University. His previous teaching experience was at the Parson's school of Design in New York.
Many of Hoeffler's photographs feature in the 2000 Emmy Awards-nominated documentary by Ken Burns, "Jazz".
Paul Hoeffler died of cancer in 2005.
In 2011, Paul was inducted into the Rochester (NY) Music Hall of Fame as a charter member.
# Pava (Puerto Rico)

The pava is a straw hat made out of the leaves of the Puerto Rican hat palm. It is normally associated with the Puerto Rican jíbaro and with the Popular Democratic Party (PPD).
Children and adults wear the pava when they dress up like a jíbaro.

## Gallery

* The late Ángel O. Berríos drinking coffee and wearing his pava during a political campaign
* Photograph of a jíbaro wearing a pava on the wall of an old hacienda in Lares
# Patrusky Lecture

The Patrusky lecture series is held by the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing (CASW) in honor of Ben Patrusky, who retired from CASW in 2013 after 25 years as the executive director of CASW and 30 years as the director of the New Horizons in Science program. The first lecture was held in 2013 and the event has taken place every year since then.

## The Lecturers

* 2013 — George M. Whitesides
* 2014 — Donald Johanson
* 2015 — Jo Handelsman
* 2016 — Steven Weinberg
* 2017 — Susan Desmond-Hellmann
* 2018 — Shirley Tilghman
* 2019 — Steve Squyres
* 2020 — Ruha Benjamin
* 2021 — Katharine Hayhoe
* 2022 — Alyssa A. Goodman
* 2023 — Michael E. Mann
# Lea County Correctional Center

The Lea County Correctional Facility (LCCF) is a medium-security prison for men located four miles north-west of Hobbs, New Mexico, opened in 1998 on 60 acres of the former Hobbs Army Airfield, now adjacent to the Lea County Regional Airport. The facility can house 1200 state inmates of the New Mexico Corrections Department, and is operated by the private GEO Group under a contract administered through the county.
In its first year, LCCF was "the site of three fatal inmate stabbings, six nonfatal stabbings, a 'near-riot' and allegations of guards using excessive force, according to reports in both the Albuquerque Journal and Albuquerque Tribune."
In April 2002 the U.S. Department of Justice found three LCCF guards guilty of civil rights conspiracy and obstruction charges after assaulting a prisoner, then falsifying reports and lying to investigators.
In November 2011 the state of New Mexico imposed fines of $1.1 million against GEO Group for failing to maintain adequate staffing levels at LCCF. In March 2012 the state imposed another fine of nearly $300,000 for the company's failure to properly staff guards and health care workers; some positions had remained vacant for two months or longer.

## Notable inmates

* Nehemiah Griego (born 1997) - perpetrator of the 2013 South Valley homicides
* Nathaniel Jouett (born 2001) - perpetrator of the Clovis library shooting
* David Parker Ray (1939-2002) - abductor and possible serial killer; died at LCCF
# Lazy Eight

Lazy Eight or Lazy 8 may refer to:
* The infinity symbol ($\infty$), often described as a horizontal figure eight
* An aerobatic maneuver consisting of 1/4 looping up, wingover (left or right), 1/2 looping down+up, wingover (right or left), 1/4 looping down
* VistaVision, a high resolution 35mm film format
* Lazy 8 Studios, an independent game developer
* "Lazy 8", a music track released as a single B-side by Australian metal band Dumb and the Ugly
# Lawn dart effect

In aviation, the lawn dart effect occurs when fighter aircraft pilots accelerate horizontally at more than 1 standard gravity. The effect occurs when such extreme stimulation to the vestibular system leads to the perception that the aircraft is climbing, prompting the pilot to lower the aircraft's pitch attitude, or drop the nose.
# Paul Williams (Buddhist studies scholar)

Paul Williams (born 1950) is Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy at the University of Bristol, England. Until his retirement in 2011 he was also director for the University's Centre for Buddhist Studies, and is a former president of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies.

## Biography

Williams studied at the University of Sussex's School of African & Asian Studies where he graduated with a first class BA in 1972. He then went on to study Buddhist Philosophy at Wadham College, University of Oxford, where he was awarded his DPhil in 1978. His main research interests are Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy, Mahayana Buddhism, and Medieval philosophical and mystical thought.
Williams was a Buddhist himself for many years but has since converted to Roman Catholicism, an experience he wrote about in his book The Unexpected Way and in an article, "On converting from Buddhism to Catholicism – One convert's story." He is now a professed lay member of the Dominican Order.
Williams has three adult children.

## Select bibliography

* Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (London: Routledge, 1989; Completely revised Second Edition, 2009). ISBN 978-0-415-35653-4. Translations of First Edition in Italian, Polish and Korean.
* The Reflexive Nature of Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence (Richmond: Curzon Press, 1998). ISBN 978-0-7007-1030-0
* Altruism and Reality: Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicaryavatara (Richmond: Curzon Press, 1998). ISBN 978-0-7007-1031-7
* (with Anthony Tribe) Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition (London: Routledge, 2000; completely revised Second Edition, with Anthony Tribe and Alexander Wynne, 2011). ISBN 978-0-415-57179-1. Translations of First Edition in Italian, Korean and Czech.
* The Unexpected Way: On Converting from Buddhism to Catholicism (London: Continuum/T & T Clark, 2002). ISBN 978-0-567-08830-7. Translations in German and Polish.
* Songs of Love, Poems of Sadness: The Erotic Verse of the 6th Dalai Lama (I.B. Tauris, 2004). ISBN 978-1-85043-479-5
* Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Edited and with a new introduction by Paul Williams (London: Routledge, 2005). Eight volumes. ISBN 978-0-415-33226-2
* Buddhism from a Catholic Perspective (London: Catholic Truth Society, 2006). ISBN 978-1-86082-404-3
* 'Catholicism and Buddhism', in The Catholic Church and the World Religions Edited by Gavin D'Costa (London: Continuum, 2011), pp. 141–177. ISBN 978-0-567-46697-6
* Buddhist Funeral Cultures of Southeast Asia and China Edited by Paul Williams and Patrice Ladwig (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012). ISBN 978-1-107-00388-0
# Le casseur de pierres

Le casseur de pierres is a 1989 Tunisian short drama film directed by Mohamed Zran. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Abdallah Maymoun - Sabeur
* Monia Tkitik - Monia
* Fatha Mahdoui - Fatima
* Moufida Zran - Scheherezade
# Le cas Lagaffe

Le cas Lagaffe, written and drawn by Franquin, is the ninth album of the original Gaston Lagaffe series. It is composed of 52 strips previously published in Spirou. It was published in 1971 by Dupuis.

## Story

Two new Gaston's pets appear: the cat, the laughing gull, plus already presented the mouse Cheese and the fish Bubulle. These new pets cause most of the gags of the album.

## Background

The number of pages is 54, whereas previous albums consisted of 59.
# Le Petit Prince a dit

Le Petit Prince a Dit is 1992 French-Swiss drama film written and directed by Christine Pascal. The film follows an estranged Swiss couple who re-evaluate their relationship with the discovery of their daughter's terminal illness. It premiered on 3 September 1992 at the Montreal World Film Festival.

## Plot

A young girl, Violette goes to live with her grandmother after her parents, Adam and Mélanie separate. Thus she rarely gets an opportunity to see her busy parents. Her mother is concerned at her daughter's clumsiness and convinces her estranged husband to take her to see a doctor. The medical examination reveals that Violette has a brain tumour and is likely to die within a few months. Adam decides to take Violette on a road trip to Italy where her mother is rehearsing for a play. Violette disapproves of her father's new girlfriend and longs to see her parents reunited. Upon the realisation that Violette only has days left to live, Adam and Mélanie attempt to make their daughter's wish a reality.

## Cast

* Richard Berry as Adam Leibovich
* Anémone as Melanie
* Marie Kleiber as Violette Leibovich
* Lucie Phan as Lucie
* Mista Préchac as Minerve
* Claude Muret as Jean-Pierre
* Jean Cuenoud as Otto
* John Gutwirth as Victor

## Awards and nominations

* César Award for Best Film - nomination
* César Award for Best Director - Christine Pascal (nomination)
* César Award for Best Actor - Richard Berry (nomination)
* César Award for Best Actress - Anémone (nomination)
Montreal World Film Festival
* Best Actor - Richard Berry (won)
* Best Screenplay - Christine Pascal and Robert Boner (won)
* Louis Delluc Prize - Christine Pascal (won)
# Paul Englund

Paul Theodore Englund (March 25, 1938 – January 12, 2019) was an American biochemist known for his work with parasites, and especially his research into the genetic material in the parasitic organisms that cause African trypanosomiasis, more commonly called sleeping sickness.

## Early life and education

Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, to Theodore, a mechanical engineer father, and Mildred, a homemaker mother, Englund grew up alongside brother Donald, a teacher and Robert, a doctor, as well as his cousin, the artist Joyce Reopel. He went on to study chemistry at Hamilton College, graduating in 1960; he then earned his doctorate in biochemistry at Rockefeller University, graduating in 1966. At the latter school, he studied with Nobel nominee Lyman C. Craig.

## Career

He received funding from the National Institutes of Health for his postdoctoral fellowship at the Stanford University School of Medicine where he studied with Nobel laureate Arthur Kornberg. Englund was later recruited to join the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine faculty, where he stayed for more than 40 years until retiring as professor emeritus. In addition to his work there, he also taught a class in the biology of parasitism at the famed Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and held a position as a visiting scientist at the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases in Kenya. In 2012, Englund was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. In 2016, an anonymous donor established the Paul and Christine Englund Professorship at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in the Englunds' honor.
A prolific researcher, Englund published more than 190 scholarly articles, and his work has been cited more than 10,000 times. He is best known for his work with African trypanosomiasis, a potentially fatal disease that infects both human and animals, which is spread by the tse-tse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. Englund's focus was on researching the structure and function of the genetic material in trypanosomes, the parasites that also lend their name to the disease. As the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine explained in their obituary:
   One focus of his research was GPI anchors. Composed mainly of sugars and fats, GPIs hold proteins to cell surfaces in all animals and are especially abundant in trypanosomes. In searching for the source of GPIs, he discovered a unique way that fatty acids are made in trypanosomes that is not found in other organisms. During his research career, Englund authored nearly 190 journal articles.

## Personal life

Englund died of Parkinson's disease on January 12, 2019.

## Awards and memberships

* Member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 2012)
* Member of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
* Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
# Lectionary 143

Lectionary 143, designated by siglum ℓ 143 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 8th-century.

## Description

The codex contains Lessons Gospels lectionary for the Sunday and feasts with numerous lacunae. It contains texts of Matthew 2:1-11; Luke 12:8-12; and John 20:30f.
The text is written in Greek uncial letters, on 4 parchment leaves (32 by 26 cm), in one column per page, 15 lines per page.
It was described by J. Leopoldt in 1903 along with Uncial 0164.
Currently the codex is located in:
* Berlin State Museums, P. 8771 (Frg);
* National Library of France, Copt. 129,19 fol. 73;
* Vatican Library, Borg. copt. 109 (Cass. 23, Fasc. 97), 2 fol.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3, UBS4).
# Pedicularis dhurensis

Pedicularis dhurensis is a species of flowering plant endemic to Bhutan.