OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Martyn

Thomas Martyn (23 September 1735 – 3 June 1825) was an English botanist and Professor of Botany at Cambridge University. He is sometimes confused with the conchologist and entomologist of the same name. The standard author abbreviation Martyn is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Life

Thomas Martyn was the son of the botanist John Martyn (1699–1768). He was educated in Chelsea and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1756 and becoming a fellow of Sidney Sussex College and being ordained deacon in 1758. In 1759 he became MA and priest. In 1762 he succeeded his father as Professor of Botany at the University, and held the post until his death in 1825, though he only lectured until 1796 'as the subject was not popular'. Thomas Martyn's professorship at Cambridge lasted for 63 years, while his father had held the same post for 29 years. Thomas Martyn was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1786.

## Works

Two of Martyn's major works are Plantæ Cantabrigiensis (1763) and Flora Rustica, 4 vols. (1792–1794). He translated the Lettres sur la botanique of Rousseau. In 1788 he published Thirty-eight Plates with Explanations, illustrating the plant system devised by Linnaeus As a priest in the Anglican church Thomas Martyn preached until he was 82 years old; in 1830 George Cornelius Gorham, his curate, published a dual biography consisting of additions to Martyn's memoir of his father and Martyn's autobiographical memoir (Memoirs of John Martyn, F.R.S., and of Thomas Martyn, B.D., F.R.S, F.L.S., Professors of Botany in the University of Cambridge, London, Hatchard & Son). Thomas Martyn's other written works include: The English Connoisseur (1766); The Gentleman's Guide in his Tour through Italy (1787) and The Language of Botany (1793). His book in 1807, The Gardeners' and Botanists' Dictionary, improved and expanded Philip Miller's 1731 book The Gardeners Dictionary.

## Publications

* Thomas Martyn, Some account of the late John Martyn, F.R.S., and his writings. London: 1770. An expanded version of this memoir was prepared and published by George Gorham in 1830.
For a full list, see Gorham p. 267
# Sachindra Prasad Singh

Sachindra Prasad Singh is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Bihar. He has won the Bihar Legislative Assembly election in 2010 from Kesaria and 2015 from Kalyanpur.
# Pachakhali

Pachakhali is a village in the Ghritagram-I No. Gram Panchayat Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. It is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) west south-west of Keshiary, across the Subarnarekha River. The population is more than 1,000. The village has a primary school .
# R. P. A. Ranaweera Pathirana

R. P. A. Ranaweera Pathirana is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
# Rabad Ba Suwadih

Rabad Ba Suwadih is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Ramsthal

Ramsthal is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.
# Tieghemella heckelii

Tieghemella heckelii (also called baku or cherry mahogany) is a tree species of the genus Tieghemella in the plant family Sapotaceae. The species occurs in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone and is threatened by habitat loss and over exploitation. This timber tree species can grow up to 45 meters tall and 1.2 meters in diameter. One individual, the Big Tree of Oda, is 66.5 m (218 ft) tall and 396 cm (13 ft) in diameter and is believed to be the tallest tree in West Africa.
# Robert Brazier

Robert Brazier may refer to:
* Robert Boyd Brazier (1916–1942), U.S. Navy sailor
** USS Robert Brazier, a 1944 John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
* Robert H. B. Brazier (died 1837), English surveyor
# Morgan Hen ab Owain

Morgan Hen ab Owain or Morgan the Old (died 974), first known as Morgan ab Owain of Gwent and also known as Moragn Hen Fawr, was the king of Morgannwg. He ruled from AD 942 to 974.
In 931, Morgan was one of the Welsh rulers who submitted to Athelstan's overlordship, and attended him at court in Hereford.
Morgan united the former kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing in 942 under the name of Morgannwg, but they were broken up again immediately after his death, remaining separate until about 1055
# Swap ratio

In corporate finance, the swap ratio is an exchange rate of the shares of the companies that undergo a merger; see Stock swap and Mergers and acquisitions § Stock.
The swap ratio determines the control that each group of shareholders of the companies shall have over the combined firm: essentially a function of the relative value of the strategic and financial results of the two companies. This ratio is thus calculated as a function of the valuation of the various assets and liabilities of the merging companies.
# Pachaiyappa's College metro station

Pachaiyappa's College is an underground metro station on the South-East Corridor of the Green Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This was inaugurated on 14 May 2017. The station will serve the neighbourhoods of Kilpauk and Aminjikarai. The station has four entry and exit points.

## Station layout

Pachaiyappa's College track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and one Island platform :
| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| M | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops |
| P | Platform 2 Northbound | Towards → Chennai Central Next Station: Kilpauk Medical College |
| Island platform | Doors will open on the right | |
| P | Platform 1 Southbound | Towards ← St. Thomas Mount Next Station: Shenoy Nagar |

### Facilities

List of available ATM at Pachaiyappa's College metro station are

## Entry/Exit

Pachaiyappa's College metro station Entry/exits :
| Gate No-A1 | Gate No-A2 | Gate No-A3 | Gate No-A4 |
# Shoutin' in Key

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Shoutin' in Key is a live album by American blues artist Taj Mahal.

## Track listing

* "Honky Tonk" (Billy Butler, Bill Doggett, Clifford Scott, Shep Shepherd) – 6:19
* "EZ Rider" (Taj Mahal) – 3:20
* "Ain't That a Lot of Love" (Homer Banks, Willa Dean Parker) – 3:10
* "Ev'ry Wind (In the River)" (Parker B. Dollaghan, Richard G. Feldman, Mahal) – 5:14
* "Stranger in My Own Hometown" (Percy Mayfield) – 2:55
* "Woulda Coulda Shoulda" (Mahal) – 3:43
* "Leaving Trunk" (John Estes) – 6:06
* "Rain from the Sky" (Delroy Wilson) – 3:28
* "Mailbox Blues" (Mahal) – 3:49
* "Cruisin'" (Johnny Lee Schell, Mahal, Tony Braunagel) –3:47
* "Corrina" (traditional, arr. Mahal, Jesse Ed Davis) – 3:44
* "Hoochi Coochie Coo" (Hank Ballard, Billy Myles) – 3:39
* "Sentidos Dulce" (Mahal) – 6:26

## Personnel

* Taj Mahal – lead vocals, guitar, harmonica, resonator guitar, percussion

### Phantom Blues Band

* Tony Braunagel – drums, background vocals, producer
* Denny Freeman – guitar
* Larry Fulcher – bass, background vocals
* Darrell Leonard – trumpet, trombone, flugelhorn
* Joe Sublett – saxophones
* Mick Weaver – Hammond B3 organ, piano

## Production

* Terry Becker – live recording engineer
* Steve Bigas – second engineer
* Joe McGrath – post-production engineer, mixing
* Carey Williams – MC
Recorded at The Mint, Los Angeles, November 9—11, 1998.
# Ramsund

Ramsund may refer to:

## Places

* Ramsund, Norway, a village in Tjeldsund municipality, Nordland county, Norway
* Ramsund Chapel, a chapel in Tjeldsund municipality, Nordland county, Norway
* Ramsund Bridge, a bridge in Tjeldsund municipality, Nordland county, Norway
* Ramsund naval base, a Royal Norwegian Navy base
* Ramsund, Sweden, a place in Eskilstuna Municipality, Sweden

## Other

* Ramsund carving, a runic stone carving in Ramsund, Sweden
# Tiehua xianshi

Tiehua xianshi (traditional Chinese: 鐵花仙史; simplified Chinese: 铁花仙史), also translated into English as A History of the Immortal and Iron Flower or History of the Iron-Flower Immortals, is a Chinese novel of the Qing dynasty. Its authorship is ascribed to Yunfeng Shanren (雲封山人), which is a pseudonym. The novel consists of 26 chapters and was written in the Kangxi era (1662-1722). It is often categorized as a "caizi jiaren" romance novel, however, the novel also has various adventure elements that would be considered as part of "wuxia" (chivalry and martial-arts) and fantasy genres, and it is not simply just a love story.

## Citations

* ↑ Huang, Martin W. (2006). Negotiating Masculinities in Late Imperial China. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780824828967.
* ↑ Brokaw, Cynthia J. (2020). Commerce in Culture: The Sibao Book Trade in the Qing and Republican Periods. Brill. p. 489.
* ↑ "《铁花仙史》". 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版 (in Chinese).
* This Chinese literature-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 2014 NWSL expansion draft

The 2014 NWSL Expansion Draft was a special draft held on January 10 by the National Women's Soccer League to allow the expansion side Houston Dash to select players. The Dash were allowed to select ten players from the existing eight NWSL teams.

## Format

* 2013 playoff teams may protect up to 9 players, and 2013 non-playoff teams up to 10.
* Clubs with more than two US allocated players must leave at least one unprotected.
* The Dash are allowed to pick up to two players from any existing team, though choosing a US allocated player is considered as using both picks.
* The Dash are allowed to pick no more than two US allocated players, one Canadian allocated player, and one Mexican allocated player.
* When an existing club loses a player, they may protect one of their remaining unprotected players.
* Existing clubs are required to protect players that are...
** On loan from another league
** A non-allocated international player
** Contractually limited against potential movement between teams

## Expansion draft results

| # | Player | Previous team |
| 1 | Brittany Bock | Sky Blue FC |
| 2 | Tiffany McCarty | Washington Spirit |
| 3 | Lauren Sesselmann | FC Kansas City |
| 4 | Mana Shim | Portland Thorns FC |
| 5 | Ella Masar | Chicago Red Stars |
| 6 | Meghan Klingenberg | Boston Breakers |
| 7 | Arianna Romero | Seattle Reign FC |
| 8 | Becky Edwards | Portland Thorns FC |
| 9 | Danesha Adams | Sky Blue FC |
| 10 | Kika Toulouse | Washington Spirit |

## Team-by-team breakdown

* Bold indicates a player was selected in the expansion draft
* Italic indicates a player whose rights are owned but is not under contract
* Blue, green, and red highlights indicate US, Mexican, and Canadian allocated players
* Yellow highlight indicates non-allocated international players or players on loan from another league
* ^Indicates a player that was protected after a teammate had been drafted
# Ludwig Engländer

Ludwig Engländer (October 20, 1853 Vienna, Austrian Empire – September 13, 1914) was an Austrian Empire-born American composer of more than 30 musicals.
He was born in Vienna, Austrian Empire. According to his obituary in The New York Times, he had studied with Jacques Offenbach. He immigrated to New York City on October 13, 1882, and became a naturalized American citizen on February 13, 1891.
By the 1890s Engländer was composing prolifically, either for the New York stage, or popular songs (many of which were interpolated into various other productions including A Trip to Chinatown. Already by 1903 he had come in for criticism of his Teutonic sound. Perhaps for that reason he occasionally returned to Vienna near the end of his life to write musicals for that audience. The year before he died he is listed as having residence in Vienna.
At the time of his death he was living in Far Rockaway, Queens, with his sister.

## Works

* Der Prinzgemahl (1883); revised and translated into English as The Prince Consort (1883)
* The Seven Ravens (1884)
* 1776 (1884)
* Madelaine, oder Die Rose der Champagne (1888)
* The Passing Show (1894)
* A Daughter of the Revolution
* The Twentieth Century Girl (1895)
* The Caliph (1896)
* Half a King (1896)
* In Gayest Manhattan, or Around New York in Ninety Minutes (1897)
* A Round of Pleasure (1897)
* The Little Corporal (1898)
* In Gay Paree (1899)
* The Man in the Moon (1899)
* The Rounders (1899)
* The Cadet Girl (1900)
* The Casino Girl (1900)
* The Monks of Malabar (1900)
* The Belle of Bohemia (1900)
* The New Yorkers (1901)
* The Strollers (1901)
* Sally in our Alley (1902)
* The Wild Rose (1902)
* The Girl from Dixie (1903)
* The Jewel of Asia (1903)
* The Office Boy (1903)
* A Madcap Princess (1904)
* The Two Roses (1904); written for Fritzi Scheff
* The White Cat (1905)
* Rich Mr. Hoggenheimer (1906)
* The Gay White Way (1907)
* Miss Innocence (1908)
* Vielliebchen (1911)
* Kittys Ehemänner (1912)
* Madam Moselle (1914)
Additionally he wrote many popular songs written with lyricists such as Sydney Rosenfeld, J. Cheever Goodwin, Harry B. Smith, and others.
# The Ear of the Behearer

The Ear of the Behearer is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1973 for the Impulse! label. The CD reissue added four performances from Coincide (1974) as bonus tracks.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars stating "Some of the music is quite adventurous and free, while other tracks include some freebop, a struttin' blues, and quieter ballads... Intriguing music".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Creem | C+ |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by Dewey Redman
* "Interconnection" - 4:53
* "Imani" - 7:07
* "Walls-Bridges" - 4:06
* "PS" - 5:36
* "Boody" - 12:05
* "Sunlanding" - 2:25
* "Image (In Disguise)" - 6:32
* "Seeds and Deeds" - 4:50 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Joie de Vivre" - 3:19 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Funcitydues" - 3:19 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Qow" - 10:17 Bonus track on CD reissue
   * Recorded at Generation Sound Studios in New York City on June 8 & 9, 1973 (tracks 1-7) and September 9 & 10, 1974 (tracks 8-11)

## Personnel

* Dewey Redman - tenor saxophone, alto saxophone, musette
* Ted Daniel - trumpet, Moroccan bugle
* Leroy Jenkins - violin (tracks 8-11)
* Jane Robertson - cello (tracks 1-7)
* Sirone - bass, wood flute
* Eddie Moore - drums, saw, timpani, cymbal, gong, struck idiophone
* Danny Johnson - percussion (tracks 1-7)
# Swap test

The swap test is a procedure in quantum computation that is used to check how much two quantum states differ, appearing first in the work of Barenco et al. and later rediscovered by Harry Buhrman, Richard Cleve, John Watrous, and Ronald de Wolf. It appears commonly in quantum machine learning, and is a circuit used for proofs-of-concept in implementations of quantum computers.
Formally, the swap test takes two input states $|\phi \rangle$ and $|\psi \rangle$ and outputs a Bernoulli random variable that is 1 with probability $\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2}}{|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |}^{2}$ (where the expressions here use bra–ket notation). This allows one to, for example, estimate the squared inner product between the two states, ${|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |}^{2}$, to $\varepsilon$ additive error by taking the average over $O(\textstyle {\frac {1}{\varepsilon ^{2}}})$ runs of the swap test. This requires $O(\textstyle {\frac {1}{\varepsilon ^{2}}})$ copies of the input states. The squared inner product roughly measures "overlap" between the two states, and can be used in linear-algebraic applications, including clustering quantum states.

## Explanation of the circuit

Consider two states: $|\phi \rangle$ and $|\psi \rangle$. The state of the system at the beginning of the protocol is $|0,\phi ,\psi \rangle$. After the Hadamard gate, the state of the system is ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0,\phi ,\psi \rangle +|1,\phi ,\psi \rangle )$. The controlled SWAP gate transforms the state into ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|0,\phi ,\psi \rangle +|1,\psi ,\phi \rangle )$. The second Hadamard gate results in ${\frac {1}{2}}(|0,\phi ,\psi \rangle +|1,\phi ,\psi \rangle +|0,\psi ,\phi \rangle -|1,\psi ,\phi \rangle )={\frac {1}{2}}|0\rangle (|\phi ,\psi \rangle +|\psi ,\phi \rangle )+{\frac {1}{2}}|1\rangle (|\phi ,\psi \rangle -|\psi ,\phi \rangle )$
The measurement gate on the first qubit ensures that it's 0 with a probability of
$P({\text{First qubit}}=0)={\frac {1}{2}}{\Big\langle \phi |\langle \psi |+\langle \psi |\langle \phi |{\Big )}{\frac {1}{2}}{\Big|\phi \rangle |\psi \rangle +|\psi \rangle |\phi \rangle {\Big )}={\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |}^{2}$
when measured. If $\psi$ and $\phi$ are orthogonal $({|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |}^{2}=0)$, then the probability that 0 is measured is ${\frac {1}{2}}$. If the states are equal $({|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |}^{2}=1)$, then the probability that 0 is measured is 1.
In general, for $P$ trials of the swap test using $P$ copies of $|\phi \rangle$ and $P$ copies of $|\psi \rangle$, the fraction of measurements that are zero is $1-\textstyle {\frac {1}{P}}\textstyle \sum _{i=1}^{P}M_{i}$, so by taking $P\rightarrow \infty$, one can get arbitrary precision of this value.
Below is the pseudocode for estimating the value of $|\langle \psi |\phi \rangle |^{2}$ using P copies of $|\psi \rangle$ and $|\phi \rangle$:
# Pagnol (disambiguation)

Marcel Pagnol (1895 – 1974) was a French writer.
Pagnol may also refer to:
* Lycée Français International Marcel Pagnol, French international school in Asunción, Paraguay
* Jacqueline Pagnol (née Bouvier, 1926), French actress and second wife of Marcel Pagnol
* The asteroid 10306 Pagnol
# Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Charlottetown)

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) is a 243-bed acute care hospital located in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, making it the largest hospital in the province.
Operated by Health PEI, the hospital opened in 1982, resulting in the closure of the Charlottetown Hospital and the Prince Edward Island Hospital. It is named in honour of Queen Elizabeth II.
The QEH is located on a large forested campus originally known as Falconwood Farm in the northeast corner of the city adjoining the neighbourhoods of East Royalty and Sherwood, overlooking the Hillsborough River. The Hillsborough Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located on the same campus.

## Services

The QEH is a full-service health care facility that provides community services to residents of Queens County and is a major referral centre for specialty services for residents across Prince Edward Island.
Some of the services that the QEH offers:
* Emergency/OPD
* Ambulatory care
* Surgery/Day surgery
* ICU
* CCU
* Obstetrics
* Neonatal nursing/Neonatal ICU
* Pediatrics
* Psychiatry
* Rehabilitation
* Pathology/Laboratory
* Radiology/MRI/CT Scan/Nuclear Medicine/Mammography
* Oncology
* Polysomnography
* Respirology
* Stroke unit
* PEI Cancer Treatment Centre
* Internal Medicine/Endoscopy/Colonoscopy/Bronchoscopy
* Special services (Pulmonary Function Testing, Blood collection, ECG/EEG, Holter monitor)

## History

In 1999 the Prince Edward Island Cancer Treatment Centre opened a new facility at the QEH and was expanded in 2003. At the same time, the main entrance to the QEH off Riverside Drive was upgraded and the emergency department was expanded.
The opening of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in 1982 also saw the end of abortion services in the province, which had been provided at the Prince Edward Island Hospital since the late 1960s. One of the conditions that the Roman Catholic Church placed on the provincial government of Premier James Lee for merging the Catholic-affiliated Charlottetown Hospital with the secular and publicly operated Prince Edward Island Hospital into the new Queen Elizabeth Hospital was that all abortion services in the province be discontinued.
# Shoutin' in the Fire: An American Epistle

Shoutin' in the Fire: An American Epistle is a semi-autobiographical book written by Danté Stewart and published by Convergent Books a subsidiary of Penguin Random House.

## Background

Shoutin' in the Fire is Stewart's debut book. The book's intended audience is black people and was not intended to be used as something that white people read to learn how to be antiracist. The book is a semi-autobiographical work in which Stewart wrestles with being Black, Christian, and American. Stewart and his book was influenced by James Baldwin. Stewart also points to Renita J. Weems as a source of inspiration. The book was published after the George Floyd protests. Howard Schaap compares the beginning of the book to the 1895 poem titled "We Wear the Mask" by Paul Lawrence Dunbar. Stewart describes growing up in a Pentecostal tradition.
According to Geez Magazine, Stewart "animates a compelling, humble vulnerability voiced on practically every single page ... every page is an open invitation to double-down on faith."
# Simulfix

In linguistics, a simulfix is a type of affix that changes one or more existing phonemes (usually vowels) in order to modify the meaning of a morpheme.
Examples of simulfixes in English are generally considered irregularities, surviving results of Germanic umlaut. They include:
* man → men, woman → women
* louse → lice, mouse → mice
* foot → feet, tooth → teeth
The transfixes of the Semitic languages may be considered a form of discontinuous simulfix.
In Indonesian, simulfixation productively occurs, for example, in ngopi, nyapu, nyuci, nongkrong and macul, which are verbs derived from the noun bases kopi, sapu, cuci, tongkrong and pacul.
# Wyggeston Grammar School

Wyggeston Grammar School can refer to two schools in Leicester, England:
* Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, closed in 1978 to be replaced by Wyggeston and Queen Elizabeth I College
* Wyggeston Grammar School for Girls, later Wyggeston Collegiate Sixth Form College and now Regent College, Leicester
# 2014 NZIHL season

The 2014 NZIHL Season was the ninth season of the New Zealand Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in New Zealand. Five teams participated in the league, and the Canterbury Red Devils won their fourth championship by defeating the Dunedin Thunder in the final.

## Standings

| Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| Canterbury Red Devils | 16 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 79 | 58 | +21 | 37 | Qualify for finals |
| Dunedin Thunder | 16 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 72 | 67 | +5 | 31 | Qualify for finals |
| Southern Stampede | 16 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 71 | 74 | −3 | 22 | |
| Botany Swarm | 16 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 71 | 70 | +1 | 21 | |
| West Auckland Admirals | 16 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 62 | 86 | −24 | 9 | |

## Results

All times are local (New Zealand Standard Time - UTC+12).