OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schaumburg (disambiguation)

Schaumburg is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. Schauenburg is a municipality in Hesse
Schaumburg or Schauenburg, often used interchangeably, may also refer to:

## People

* Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg (1748–1838), general of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars
* House of Schaumburg, a regional German dynasty ruling the counties of Schaumburg and Holstein
* Jules Henri Jean Schaumburg (1839–1886), Belgian painter, who was Louis Rousselet's travelling companion in India from May 1865 to September 1868

## Places and territories

* County of Schaumburg, a former county of the Holy Roman Empire in modern-day Lower Saxony, Germany
* County of Schaunberg (also Schaumberg), a former county of the Holy Roman Empire in modern-day Upper Austria
* Schaumburg, Illinois, a village in Illinois, United States
** Schaumburg (Metra), a transit station in the city
** Schaumburg Township, Cook County, Illinois

## Castles and palaces

* Schaumburg Castle, Lower Saxony (Burg Schaumburg), a castle in the district of Schaumburg in Lower Saxony
* Schaumburg Castle, Rhineland-Palatinate (Schloss Schaumburg), a castle in the district of Rhein-Lahn in Rhineland-Palatinate
* Burgruine Schaumburg, a ruined castle in Carinthia, Austria
* Palais Schaumburg in Bonn, the second official residence and office of the Chancellor of Germany
* Schauenburg Castle, three different ruined castles with the same name
# Schimberg

Schimberg is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany.

## Personalities

* Josef Rodenstock (1846-1932), optician and founder of the optical works named after him
# Portersville, Indiana

Portersville is an unincorporated community in Boone Township, Dubois County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Portersville was established as a town circa 1818. It is reportedly the oldest town in Dubois County, and was selected as the county seat of Dubois County before it was changed to Jasper. A post office was established at Portersville in 1821, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1909.
# Schistocerca damnifica

Schistocerca damnifica, known generally as the mischievous bird grasshopper or Carolina locust, is a species of bird grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

## Features

Males reach generally reach sizes between 25 and 33 mm, females may grow to 37–47 mm. Wings and antennae of specimen located in the southern regions tend to be longer than their northern counterparts. These characteristics have led some authors to the designation of southern specimen as the subspecies Schistocerca damnifica calidior.
# Schistocerca alutacea

Schistocerca alutacea, the leather-colored bird grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. The species occurs in the United States, from Massachusetts to Arizona and Florida.
# Tiny Ionospheric Photometer

The tiny ionospheric photometer (TIP) is a small space-based photometer that observes the Earth's ionosphere at 135.6 nm. The TIP instruments were designed and built by the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and are a part of the COSMIC program.

## Operation

Although each TIP instrument is fairly simple in design and operation, the value of this instrument is that six of them were launched at once, and they observe the Earth simultaneously from three orbital planes spaced equally apart around the Earth. The data of this instrument when combined with the data from the other COSMIC payloads allows a 3D tomographic analysis of the Earth's ionosphere to be performed.
# Lentibacillus halodurans

Lentibacillus halodurans is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, rod-shaped and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Lentibacillus which has been isolated from sediments from a neutral salt lake in Xin-Jiang.
# Les Synthétistes

Les Synthétistes were a group of Belgian composers whose goal was to synthesize the modern musical tendencies starting in 1925. Drawing mainly on the influence of Ravel, Stravinsky, Hindemith and Honegger, the group's aesthetic was broadly neo-classical. Of its members, Marcel Poot achieved the widest general recognition.
All of them were ex-pupils of the Belgian composer Paul Gilson and started the organization as a way to celebrate their teacher's 60th birthday in 1925. Their first act was to publish the magazine La Revue Musicale Belge. The group aspired to be a Belgian counterpart to the famous French composing group Les Six.
The first concert devoted to these synthesists took place in December 1929 and was directed by Constant Moreau. Their first big official concert took place on the 27th of Februari 1930 in the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. It was played by the Groot Harmonieorkest van de Belgische Gidsen and conducted by Arthur Prévost.

## Members

* René Bernier (1905–1984)
* Francis de Bourguignon (1890–1961), his works include the Piano Concertino, op. 99 (1952)
* Gaston Brenta (1902–1969), composed Matinée d’été in 1968
* Théo De Joncker (1894–1964)
* Robert Otlet (1889-1948)
* Marcel Poot (1901–1988), composer of Vrolijke: Ouverture joyeuse (1934)
* Maurice Schoemaker (1890–1964), known for the symphonic poem Vuurwerk (aka Feux d’artifice, 1922)
* Jules Strens (1893–1971), best known for Danse funambulesque (1929)
# Leonard McEwan

Leonard A. McEwan (February 17, 1925 – January 24, 2008) was an American jurist who served as chief justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court.
McEwan served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. He received a B.S. in business and accounting from the University of Wyoming in 1955, followed by a Juris Doctor degree from the UW College of Law in 1957.
In January 1975, McEwan stepped down as Chief Justice to become a judge of the Wyoming Fourth Judicial District, following the ouster of judge John P. Ilsley in a no-confidence vote the previous November.
# Percy Hale

Percy William Hale (7 February 1874 – 8 January 1933) was an English first-class cricketer active 1900 who played for Middlesex. He was born in Kensington; died in Harrow, Middlesex.
# Leptodactylus rhodomystax

Leptodactylus rhodomystax (common name: Loreto white-lipped frog, rose-lipped thin-toed frog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in the Guianas (French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname) through northern and central Brazil to Amazonian Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, and possibly in Venezuela where most if not all records represent misidentifications of Leptodactylus riveroi.
Leptodactylus rhodomystax are small frogs: the two syntypes measured 25 mm (0.98 in) in snout–vent length.

## Habitat

Leptodactylus rhodomystax in found in leaf-litter on forest floor and in swamps in tropical rainforest as well as on the edges of clearings and in more open areas in forest. It breeds in semi-permanent waterbodies.

## Reproduction

Leptodactylus rhodomystax is not very choosy about breeding sites and uses many types of temporary and semi-permanent pools. Males call from within holes in the ground. They seem not to form choruses, and usually only one or few males can be heard calling at a particular site. Eggs are laid in foam nests.
# Leptodactylus petersii

Leptodactylus petersii (common name: Peters' thin-toed frog, in Spanish sapito de Peters, i.e. "Peters' toadlet") is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found widely in the Guianas and the Amazon Basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). It has been confused with Leptodactylus podicipinus and Leptodactylus wagneri, complicating the interpretation of older records and accounts.

## Etymology

The specific name petersii honors Wilhelm Peters, a German zoologist.

## Description

Male Leptodactylus petersii measure 27–41 mm (1.1–1.6 in) and females 31–51 mm (1.2–2.0 in) in snout–vent length.
The dorsum ranges from greenish or greyish brown to reddish brown and has irregular dark brown to black markings. There is also a dark, triangular inter-orbital mark. The dorsum bears many spicules and short, laterally oriented glandular ridges. The ventrum smooth and has a variable pattern consisting of white background and extensive grey to black mottling in an anastomotic pattern. The throat is dark grey and has white spots. The tympanum is relatively large; the supratympanic fold is distinct and reaches arm insertion. The iris is bronze to reddish brown. Fingers have absent or only weak lateral fringes, whereas the fringes are extensive on toes, which also have basal webbing. Males have two large spines on their thumbs.
The tadpoles grow to a maximum total length of 21 mm (0.83 in), of which the tail accounts for 60% (Gosner stage 36).

## Habitat and conservation

Leptodactylus petersii are found in tropical rainforest, forest edge, open areas, savanna enclaves in the tropical rainforest, and open cerrado formations below 600 m (2,000 ft). This nocturnal frog is usually found on the ground near water. Eggs are laid in a foam nest near water, to which the tadpoles will later move.
This common species occurs in many protected areas and is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
# Leporacanthicus galaxias

Leporacanthicus galaxias is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Venezuela. This species grows to a length of 21.1 centimetres (8.3 in) SL. L. galaxias originates from fast flowing rapids.
# Leslie Berlowitz

Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (née Leslie Ruth Cohen, formerly Tuttleton; March 1944 – June 13, 2020) was president and chief executive officer of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Berlowitz became the academy's executive officer in 1996 and was later promoted to chief executive officer and President. From 1969 to 1996, Berlowitz was an administrator at New York University. In 2013, The Boston Globe pointed to a falsification of her degree on Academy grant applications and that her Academy salary appeared higher than standards at comparable institutions. The Globe also brought her management style into question.

## Education

Cohen graduated from the Fieldston School, and received a bachelor's degree from New York University and a master's degree from Columbia University. She was named an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters by Northeastern University in May 2011.

## American Academy leadership

As chief executive, Berlowitz won praise for increasing Academy revenues, expanding the scope of programs, and raising the academy's national profile, though questions about her management style and allegedly poor treatment of employees followed her for years. Berlowitz led the academy's Strategic Plan "2001 and Beyond" and the development of the Initiative for the Humanities and its Humanities Indicators.
She created a network of more than 50 University Affiliates to work with the academy on issues vital to the higher education community and also established two residential fellowship programs for young scholars: the Visiting Scholars Program and the Hellman Fellowship in Science and Technology Policy.

### Resignation

In June 2013, Berlowitz was accused by the Boston Globe of embellishing her résumé in the course of writing grant proposals for the American Academy, falsely claiming to have earned a PhD degree in English from New York University. Berlowitz was also accused of drawing excessive compensation and manipulating the academy's election process. Following calls by the Washington Post and the Boston Globe for her resignation, Berlowitz resigned her position in July 2013. In the wake of press attacks on Berlowitz, however, former Ambassador to Afghanistan and U.S. Army Lt. General Karl Eikenberry and former Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen wrote to the Boston Globe in her support.

## Personal life

On April 20, 1970, the New York Times announced the marriage one day earlier of Leslie Ruth Cohen and James W. Tuttleton, an instructor at New York University. The union produced at least one child, a daughter, Sarah. In 1978, Leslie married Lawrence Berlowitz.
# Pericoptus frontalis

Pericoptus frontalis is a sand scarab native to New Zealand which inhabits sandy river banks and sandbars in inland Otago. It was first described by Thomas Broun in 1904. The European hedgehog is a predator of P. frontalis.
# Lesticus nubilus

Lesticus nubilus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Tschitscherine in 1900.
# Perry Township, Pike County, Illinois

Perry Township is in Pike County, Illinois. At the 2010 census, its population was 594 and it contained 310 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 37.22 square miles (96.4 km$^2$), of which 37.21 square miles (96.4 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.
# Perry Township, Pike County, Ohio

Perry Township is one of the fourteen townships of Pike County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 915 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the northwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Paxton Township, Ross County - north
* Benton Township - east
* Mifflin Township - southeast
* Brushcreek Township, Highland County - west
* Paint Township, Highland County - northwest
No municipalities are located in Perry Township, although the unincorporated community of Cynthiana lies in the northwestern part of the township.

## Name and history

It is one of twenty-six Perry Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Perry Township, St. Francois County, Missouri

Perry Township is an inactive township in St. Francois County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Perry Township was erected in 1821, taking its name from Oliver Hazard Perry (1785–1819), American naval officer.
# Lesser devil ray

The lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma) is a species of devil ray in the family Mobulidae.

## Habitat

These rays live in shallow, warm waters and can be found in shoals of up to 40 individuals, although more often ranging between 2 and 10.
They occur along the coasts of the western Atlantic, from North Carolina to northern Argentina. The related Mobula rochebrunei has occasionally been recovered as a junior synonym of M. hypostoma, extending the species' range to the eastern Atlantic.

## Diet

They mostly feed on zooplankton such as small crustaceans, although they can occasionally eat schooling fish, using their cephalic horns to funnel prey into their mouth.

## Description

Lesser devil rays are relatively small, with a maximum width of about 125 cm (49 in). They have forward-facing cephalic horns, while their long spineless tails distinguish them from their relatives M. mobular.
Dorsal coloration varies from light brown to black, although some specimens have been reported as blue. Individuals sometimes possess a dark grey collar between their spiracles.
# Leptoancistrus cordobensis

Leptoancistrus cordobensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Sinú River basin as well as the upper San Jorge River basin in the Magdalena River drainage in Colombia. The species reaches 3.7 cm (1.5 inches) in standard length.
# Leucas (disambiguation)

Leucas is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae.
Leucas may also refer to an English transliteration of the ancient Greek place name Leukas (Λευκάς) and places bearing that name:
* Lefkada or Lefkas, Greece
* Abila Lysaniou, also Leucas, ancient city of Syria
# Leucargyra xanthoceps

Leucargyra xanthoceps is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 50 mm for males and 74 mm for females. The wings are uniform silvery white.
# Lescaillea

Lescaillea is a genus of Cuban flowering plants in the tribe Tageteae within the family Asteraceae.

## Species

There is only one known species, Lescaillea equisetiformis, native to Cuba.
# Richard Bethell

Richard Bethell may refer to:
* Richard Bethell (16th century MP), Member of Parliament (MP) for Winchester
* Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury (1800–1873), British judge and Liberal politician, Lord Chancellor 1861–1865, MP for Aylesbury 1851–1859, for Wolverhampton 1859–1861
* Richard Bethell (1772–1864), MP for Yorkshire 1830–1831, for East Riding of Yorkshire 1832–1841
* Tony Bethell (Richard Anthony Bethell, 1922–2004), World War II Royal Air Force pilot and survivor of "the Great Escape"
# National Women's League

National Women's League may refer to:
* National Women's League (Canada), a women's rugby union league in Canada
* National Women's League (Ghana), a women's football league in Ghana
* National Women's League (New Zealand), a women's football league in New Zealand
# Zabrus canaricus

Zabrus canaricus is a species of ground beetle in the Macarozabrus subgenus that is endemic to the Canary Islands.
# Portingbury Hills

Portingbury Hills (grid reference TL5320) or Portingbury Rings is a hill in Hatfield Forest, Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex, United Kingdom.

## Artefacts

Archaeological excavations were carried out in 1964–1965, with recovered evidence including a small flint blade 4 cm long, animal bones, flints, and charcoal, dated to the Iron Age.

## Environmental archaeology

Radiocarbon dating of organic sediments has showed that the cutting of the ditch must have occurred prior to 395 to 205 cal BC.

## Earthworks

The earthworks at Portingbury consist of 3 features; a hill and mound connected by a zig-zag causeway formed by 2 almost parallel ditches to another rectangular enclosure measuring 30 by 21 metres (98 ft × 69 ft) surrounded by a large ditch with a suggested bank up to 11 metres (36 feet) wide. They are located in the northwest of Hatfield Forest in Beggarshall coppice. Archaeologists suggested that the initial, V-shaped, ditch surrounding the mound would have been approximately 2 metres in depth suggesting it once had earth ramparts supported by timber. Smaller banks have been noted to cross Shermore Brook to Spittlemore coppice. However the earthworks are too small to be a hillfort and are not in a defensible position. Moreover, the ditches are of a size more commonly found in medieval moats. The current earthworks may be the result of overbuilding over time.
Traces of a larger, circular entrenchment, near Portingbury Hills, were still visible in the early 18th century.

## Archaeoastronomy theory

In 1975 retired geologist and researcher Christian O'Brien suggested that Portingbury Hills had a purpose in archaeoastronomy and was constructed in the Bronze Age which gave it some brief coverage in the Sunday Telegraph. O'Brien suggested that the mound was aligned astronomically with Wandlebury Hill via a series of equally spaced, hand-carved, stone monoliths forming a Loxodrome. Eleven of the original twenty-six markers are still in situ, such as the Leper Stone, with several of the other distinctive stones lying nearby. O'Brien's theory met with mixed reviews from astronomers and archaeologists. Glyn Daniel, Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge University dismissed the paper as "nonsense" and Alexander Thom could find nothing in it to revise the prevailing view of Wandlebury as an Iron Age fort. Archie Roy, Professor of Astronomy at Glasgow University commented that "in the absence of a more convincing explanation, this conclusion also has to be taken very seriously.”
# Sarxanlı

Sarxanlı (also, Sarkhanly) is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,075.
# William Hallowes Miller

Prof William Hallowes Miller FRS HFRSE LLD DCL (6 April 1801 – 20 May 1880) was a Welsh mineralogist and laid the foundations of modern crystallography.
Miller indices are named after him, the method having been described in his Treatise on Crystallography (1839). The mineral known as millerite is named after him.

## Life and work

Miller was born in 1801 at Velindre near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, South Wales. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1826 as fifth wrangler. He became a Fellow there in 1829. For a few years Miller was occupied as a college tutor and during this time he published treatises on hydrostatics and hydrodynamics.
Miller also gave special attention to crystallography, and at 31 years old, on the resignation of William Whewell he succeeded in 1832 to the professorship of mineralogy, a post he held until 1870. Miller's chief work, on Crystallography, was published in 1839. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1838 and received the Royal Medal in 1870, and in the same year was appointed on the International Commission du Metre. He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1874.
Miller was the main thrust in reforming the Parliamentary standards of length and weight, after a fire which in 1834 destroyed the old standards. He was a member of the committee as well as on the Royal Commission which oversaw these new standards.
Miller died in 1880 in Cambridge, England.

## Family

In 1844 he married Harriet Susan Minty.

## Selected writings

* William Hallowes Miller (1831) The Elements of Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics
* William Hallowes Miller (1833) An Elementary Treatise on the Differential Calculus
* William Hallowes Miller (1839) A Treatise on Crystallography
* William Phillips, William Hallowes Miller, & Henry James Brooke (1852) An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy
* William Hallowes Miller (1863) A Tract on Crystallography
In 1852 Miller edited a new edition of H. J. Brooke's Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy.
# Tirabassi

Tirabassi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giorgio Tirabassi, Italian actor and director
* Tony Tirabassi, Canadian politician
* Brice Tirabassi, French rally driver
* Daniele Tirabassi, Venezuelan swimmer
# Titsiros

Titsiros is a locality in Tsada in the Paphos District of Cyprus. Is located at 543 m above sea level. Nearby is Lartoyiannis, 1.9 km away. The terrain around Titsiros is hilly. The climate is classified as Csa by köppen climate classification.