OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Revelelva

Revelelva or Revelåga is the local name of the lowest part of the river Tverråga, which has its outlet in the larger river Ranelva in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The river changes its name at the bridge connecting European route E6 with Gruben. Before this bridge it is called Tverråga. Passing this bridge, it is called Revelelva.

## Media gallery

* Before the bridge the river is called Tverråga
* After the bridge the river is called Revelelva
* After the bridge the river is called Revelelva
* The waterfall Revelfossen
* The waterfall Revelfossen
* The waterfall Revelfossen
* The further flow, seen from Revelfossen
* Revelelva on right side of the E6, continuing on right side under the bridge of E12 towards Sweden
* Revelelva seen from the bridge to E12
* Revelelva seen from the bridge to E12
* Revelelva seen from the bridge to E12
* Outlet of Revelelva in Ranelva with the railway above
* Outlet of Revelelva in Ranelva with the railway above
# Reticulamoeba

Reticulamoeba is a genus of Rhizaria. It is a relatively large unicellular protist and is commonly known for its thin reticulopodia radiating outwards from the cell (Bass et al., 2012). Reticulamoeba are strictly benthic protists that use their reticulopodia for feeding. They have a close association with benthic diatoms as their main source of food (Bass et al., 2012). There are only two Reticulamoeba species described to date and the protozoologist Karl Grell discovered both of them (Bass et al., 2012).

## History

The genus Reticulamoeba was described in 1994 by the protozoologist Karl Grell based on the species R. gemmipara and not until a year later a second species R. minor was discovered (Bass et al., 2012). The two species form a clade within the cercozoan class Granofilosea (Bass et al., 2012). Within this clade, Reticulamoeba present phylogenetic similarities with the genus Mesofila (Bass et al., 2012).

## Habitat and ecology

Reticulamoeba is commonly isolated from benthic marine littoral zones as well as in freshwater biofilm (Bass et al., 2012).

## Anatomy

The genus is an amoeboflagellate with a stationary flattened amoeboid stage (Bass et al., 2012). The body of Reticulamoeba is roundish with an irregular outline and about 3-8μm across (Bass et al., 2012). The cell consists of a nucleus, digestive vacuoles and thin reticulopodia (Grell, 1995). The long thin reticulopodia stretch outwards from the cell to form networks across a substrate (Bass et al., 2012). The network created can be larger in diameter than the cell itself (Bass et al., 2012). The reticulopodia present bidirectionally motile granules and move slowly enabling them to change the size and the shape of the network formed (Bass et al., 2012). The first described species of Reticulamoeba was found associated with diatoms on which they feed (Bass et al., 2012). The reticulopodia are what interacts with the diatoms during feeding by penetrating the diatom frustules (Bass et al., 2012). Unlike other organisms, Reticulamoeba form feeding communities to enhance their feeding method; Reticulamoeba cells work together fusing their reticulopodia with each other to create these ‘feeding communities’ (Bass et al., 2012). The genus also shows a biflagellate stage similar to the amoeboid stage, round to irregular in shape (Bass et al., 2012). They can be described as zoospores and have a short anterior and long posterior flagella that aid the Reticulamoeba in swimming (Bass et al., 2012). The flagella are used for both swimming and gliding and once they become stationary they resorb the flagella and eject their reticulopodia to return to the amoeboid stage (Bass et al., 2012). Species of Reticulamoeba differ in their method of cell division. The cells undergo cell division in one of two ways, either by binary fission or by unequal binary fission (Bass et al., 2012).
# Rhinotermitidae

Rhinotermitidae is a family of wood-soil interface feeding termites commonly known as the Subterranean termites. Many members of this family are known pests that can cause extensive damage to buildings or other wooden structures. Most species establish colonies in wood before migrating to the ground to create diffuse nests connecting to multiple pieces of wood, with some taxa such as Coptotermitinae creating mounds or centralized carton nests within wood. All members forage via shelter tubes through the soil to sources of food. In addition, Rhinotermitidae are known for having a higher level of social complexity as compared to other termites. Communication takes place through chemical activity, more specifically through traces of cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC), or semiochemicals, acting as pheromones to send signals to the king and queen of the nest (Anne-Geneviève Bagnères; Edward Vargo, 2019). About 345 species are recognized, among these are severe pests such as Coptotermes formosanus, Coptotermes gestroi, and Reticulitermes flavipes.

## Subfamilies and Genera

WikiSpecies and the Termite Catalogue list the following:

### Coptotermitinae

Auth.: Holmgren, 1910
* Coptotermes

### Heterotermitinae

Auth.: Froggatt, 1897 (synonym Leucotermitinae Holmgren, 1910a)
* Heterotermes
* Reticulitermes
* Tsaitermes

### Prorhinotermitinae

Auth.: Quennedey & Deligne, 1975
* Prorhinotermes

### Psammotermitinae

Auth.: Holmgren, 1911 (Note: Holmgren included this taxon in "family Mesotermitidae")
* Psammotermes

### Rhinotermitinae

Auth.: Froggatt, 1897
* Acorhinotermes
* Dolichorhinotermes
* Macrorhinotermes
* Parrhinotermes
* Rhinotermes
* Schedorhinotermes

### Termitogetoninae

Auth.: Holmgren, 1910
* Termitogeton

### incertae sedis

* †Zophotermes
# Rhithrodytes agnus

Rhithrodytes agnus is a species of beetle in family Dytiscidae. It is endemic to Portugal.
# Rhoptria

Rhoptria is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857.

## Species

* Roptria asperaria (Hübner, 1817)
* Roptria dolosaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848)
# Ribeira Afonso

Ribeira Afonso is a village on the eastern coast of São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 1,621 (2008 est.). It is 4 km southwest of Água Izé and 16 km south of the capital São Tomé.
# Richal Leitoe

Richal Leitoe (born 19 April 1983 in Willemstad, Curaçao, in the former Netherlands Antilles) is a football player who plays for HFC EDO Zaterdag.
He played for two seasons at FC Utrecht before joining FC Den Bosch in 2005. He returned to amateur football in 2007.
He was call-up to national team for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in March 2008.

## Honours

Utrecht
* KNVB Cup: 2003–04
# Richard Bett

Richard Arnot Home Bett holds a joint appointment in Philosophy and Classics at Johns Hopkins University. He received his BA from Oxford University and his PhD from UC Berkeley. He spent 1994-5 as a Fellow at the Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, D.C. From January 2000 to June 2001 he was Acting Executive Director of the American Philosophical Association, and he was Secretary-Treasurer of its Eastern Division from 2003 to 2013.
Professor Bett specializes in ancient Greek philosophy, and has strong interests in ancient and modern ethics and epistemology, as well as Nietzsche.

## Books

* Pyrrho, His Antecedents and His Legacy, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-19-825065-4
* The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism, Editor Richard Bett, Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-69754-5

## Articles

* “Aristocles on Timon on Pyrrho: The text, its logic, and its credibility.”, in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 15/1994, p. 137-181.
* “Reactions to Aristotle in the Greek Sceptical Traditions”, Méthexis: Revista Internacional de Filosofia Antigua XII (1999), p. 17-34.
* “What does Pyrrhonism have to do with Pyrrho?”, in Ancient Skepticism and the Skeptical Tradition: Acta Philosophica Fennica 66 (2000), p. 11-33.
* “On the Pre-History of Pyrrhonism”, Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 15 (2000), p. 137-166.
* “Nietzsche on the Skeptics and Nietzsche as Skeptic”, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 82 (2000), p. 62-86.

## Translations

* Against the Ethicists, Sextus Empiricus, Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-19-823620-7
* Against the Logicians, Sextus Empiricus, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-521-53195-5
* "Sextus Empiricus' Against the Physicists", Cambridge University Press, 2012, ISBN 052151391X, 9780521513913
# Richard FitzWilliam

Richard FitzWilliam may refer to:
* Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), Irish Viscount, benefactor and musical antiquarian
* Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (1711–1776), Irish peer and property developer
* Richard FitzWilliam, 5th Viscount FitzWilliam (c. 1677–1743), Irish nobleman and MP
# Richard Farman

Richard Farman (1872–1940) was a British-French aeronautical engineer, aviator, and eldest of the Farman brothers who were pioneers of early aviation. He was better known as Dick Farman using the then popular sobriquet in place of the formal Richard. Like his brothers he was also active among pioneer racing cyclists and motocyclists.

## Biography

Born in Paris, France to British parents, he was the eldest son of a well to do newspaper correspondent working there. With his brothers he was educated at home and they were allowed unusual freedom to follow personal interests. With his brother Henry, who was also trained as an engineer, he set up Paris's largest automobile agency, the Palais de l'Automobile, dealing in Delaunay-Bellevilles, Panhard-Levassors, and Renaults. Together they wrote The Aviator's Companion, published in 1910, describing their early flying achievements.
He became an electrical engineer, and built the first electric trams in Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. He was an author of many technical works on engines, also an aviator in 1914 to 1918, and was a director of an aircraft factory in Lyon.
After World War I, he founded Avions H.M.D. Farman, also known as Farman Aviation Works, with his two younger brothers Henri and Maurice, in Boulogne-Billancourt.
Dick concentrated on the business side of manufacture at Société Anonyme des Usines Farman and their airline, which became part of Air France in 1933. He is rarely mentioned in most Farman stories in later days. In spite of his scientific knowledge and techniques, he dealt with administrative and commercial services. At the age of 65 Dick retired, after the French nationalization of its aircraft industry in 1937 ended their independence, the brothers refusing to remain as employees. Dick Farman died in Paris 31 January 1940.
# Richard Combe

Richard Combe may refer to:
* Sir Richard Combe (c. 1630 – after 1675), knighted by Oliver Cromwell and again by Charles II
* Richard Combe (MP), member of the British Parliament for Milborne Port (1772) and Aldeburgh (1774)
# Rhein-Main

Rhein-Main may refer to:
* Frankfurt Rhine-Main, a metropolitan area in central Germany
* Rhein-Main Air Base, a former U.S. air base
* Rhein-Main-Flughafen or Frankfurt Airport
# Richard Eckersley (designer)

Richard Hilton Eckersley (20 February 1941 – 16 April 2006) was a British graphic designer best known for experimental computerized typography designed to complement deconstructionist academic works.
Born in Lancashire, England, his father Tom Eckersley was a noted poster designer during and after the Second World War, later to become head of the School of Art and Design at the London College of Printing in the 1960s. After attending Trinity College in Dublin, Eckersley began his design career at Lund Humphries, the publisher of Typographica and The Penrose Annual, where E. McKnight Kauffer had once been art director.
He later joined the state-sponsored Kilkenny Design Workshops in Ireland. After six years there, Eckersley took a teaching position in the United States, and in 1981 he got a job at the University of Nebraska Press, where he shook up the field with computer-designed typography for Avital Ronell's Telephone Book: Technology, Schizophrenia, Electric Speech. The unorthodox design had the intended effect of breaking up the text's readability.
# Richard Kilpatrick

Richard Kilpatrick (4 July 1878 – 12 March 1947) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Kanmba near Echuca to farmer Thomas Kilpatrick and Esther Wilson. He attended state school and then worked on his father's farm before spending two years in Queensland. On his return he was an auctioneers' agent. In 1907 he married Margaret Culleton, with whom he had three daughters. From 1913 he was a partner in a stock and station agency based in Numurkah, which later expanded to have branches across northern Victoria. He moved to Shepparton, where the Great Depression took many of his northern branches. In 1928 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for Northern Province, representing the Country Party. He served until his retirement in 1946. Kilpatrick died in Shepparton in 1947.
# Richard Kiliani

Richard Paul Kiliani (29 June 1861 – 7 November 1927) was a German diplomat and author, who served as the Consul-General of Germany for Australia from 1911 to 1914.

## Early life and education

Born in Munich in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1861, Kiliani studied in Munich and entered the Imperial Foreign Office in 1887.

## Diplomatic career

In 1888 he was assigned to the Prussian embassy in Hamburg, and thereafter served as Consul in Kovno, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire (1889–1892), Basel, Switzerland (1893–1895) and Bucharest, Romania (1895–1905). On 28 March 1905 he was appointed to succeed the deceased Hans Hermann Eschke as Consul-General of Germany at Singapore, with responsibility for the Straits Settlements and Cocos Keeling and Christmas Islands, Johore, the Federated Malay States, the Colony of Labuan, British North Borneo, Brunei and the Kingdom of Sarawak.
On 25 May 1911, Kiliani was appointed to succeed Dr Georg Irmer as German Consul-General for Australia in Sydney, with responsibility for "the Commonwealth of Australia, Papua, New Zealand, the Fiji Islands, and the British Islands in the Southern Seas, situated between Tonga and the French Possessions." Kiliani arrived in Sydney in November 1911 on board the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer Prinz Waldemar. With the British Empire's declaration of war against Germany on 4 August 1914, Kiliani was promptly recalled and left Sydney with his wife, together with the Austro-Hungarian Consul-General, Dr Ferdinand Freyersleben, and his chancellor, Karl Clette, on board the American Oceanic Steamship Company SS Ventura on 29 August 1914.
In November 1914 he was transferred to non-active status, but continued to be employed as head of the press office in the Foreign Office. In 1920-21 he served as Consul General in Amsterdam, and from 1921 until 1924, he headed the passport office in Salzburg before his retirement.
# Richard L. Samuels

Richard L. Samuels (August 13, 1926 – April 14, 2001, in Flossmoor) was a Cook County Circuit judge at the Sixth Municipal District Courthouse in Markham, Illinois, for nearly 30 years. His most (in)famous Case was the high profiled rape case against Gary Dotson during the 1970s and 1980s. Dotson is the first American man who was to be exonerated of a criminal conviction by DNA evidence.
Samuels ordered Dotson back to prison, after the putative victim, Cathleen Mae Webb, of the alleged 1977 rape, recanted. Later Samuels upheld Dotson's conviction, because he thought her original testimony was more credible than her recantation.
Richard L. Samuels retired in December 2000. Due to cancer, he died 4 months later, at the Age of 74, on April 14, 2001, in the Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest. He is buried at the Ridgewood Cemetery in Des Plaines.
# Ribonuclease (poly-(U)-specific)

Ribonuclease (poly-(U)-specific) (EC 3.1.26.9, ribonuclease (uracil-specific), uracil-specific endoribonuclease, uracil-specific RNase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups
This enzyme forms oligonucleotides with chain lengths of 6 to 12.
# Richard de Capella

Richard de Capella or Richard of the Chapel (died 1127) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford.

## Life

Capella was a member of the chancery in charge of the king's seal during the reign of King Henry I of England before being elected bishop. As such "he was responsible for the preparation and validation of all royal charters, including many grants for major ecclesiastics, who were quickly recognising the financial rewards to be realised from markets and fairs." This was a good qualification for his future role in developing Herefordshire economically.
Capella was elected to the see of Hereford on 7 January or just before 2 February 1121. He was consecrated on 16 January 1121 at Lambeth by Archbishop Ralph d'Escures of Canterbury.
Capella attended the legatine council held by the new Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil, at London in 1127. At this council, Urban, Bishop of Llandaff brought charges against both Richard and Bernard, Bishop of St David's for intruding into the jurisdiction of Llandaff. However, nothing concrete was decided at the council and Urban appealed to the papacy. The ultimate decision, after Richard's death, was in Hereford's favour.
Capella also attempted to improve the financial condition of the diocese and obtained from Henry I confirmation of the right to hold a fair in Hereford, an institution dating from well before the Conquest. He also co-operated with the king in building the first bridge across the Wye at Hereford, and in the re-establishment of the minster at Leominster. Only a few charters exist from when he was bishop. It was probably during his episcopate that towns were founded on the episcopal manors of Leominster, Ledbury, Bromyard, and Ross-on-Wye.
Capella died on 15 August 1127 at Ledbury. He was buried in Hereford Cathedral.

## Citations

* ↑ Chrimes Introduction p. 25
* 1 2 3 Barrow Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 8: Hereford: Bishops
* 1 2 Hillaby "Bishop Richard de Capella" Essays
* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 250
* ↑ Brett English Church p. 81
* 1 2 Barrow "Richard de Capella" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
* ↑ Hillaby Ledbury
# Paniestichus

Paniestichus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Paniestichus subsolianus. It is found in New Caledonia.
# Wendy Askew

Wendy Anne Askew (née Bushby; formerly Summers; born 16 March 1963) is an Australian politician who is a Senator for Tasmania, representing the Liberal Party. She was appointed to a casual vacancy on 6 March 2019 in place of her brother David Bushby.

## Personal life

Askew was born in Launceston, Tasmania. Her father Max Bushby and brother David Bushby were also Liberal politicians. She was known as Wendy Summers until her marriage in September 2018.

## Politics

Prior to entering politics, Askew worked in a variety of roles in the public and private sectors. She was general manager of the St Giles Society, a disability services provider, and also spent 20 years in the banking industry, including roles with Westpac and the Commonwealth Bank. She later worked as office manager to state MP Michael Ferguson and as an adviser to state MP Sarah Courtney and federal MP Andrew Nikolic. Immediately prior to her elevation to the Senate she was working as an adviser to federal education minister Dan Tehan.
Askew held various senior positions in the Tasmanian Liberals, serving on the state executive, as party treasurer, and as a senior vice-president of the party. In 2018, it was reported that she would be a candidate for Senate preselection for the 2019 federal election.

### Senate

Askew's brother David Bushby announced his retirement from the Senate in January 2019. She subsequently defeated seven other candidates to become the Liberal Party's nominee for the casual vacancy caused by his resignation. She will serve the remainder of his six-year term, which expires in June 2022. Askew was temporarily appointed to the Senate on 6 March 2019 by state governor Kate Warner under the provisions of section 15 of the constitution, as the state parliament was not in session. A joint sitting of the state parliament on 20 March 2019 formalised her appointment to the Senate.
Askew is the fourth woman to represent the Tasmanian Liberals in federal parliament and the first since Jocelyn Newman retired in 2002.
After the Coalition's defeat at the 2022 federal election, Askew was appointed Chief Opposition Whip in the Senate.
Askew is affiliated with the National Right faction of the Liberal Party, after previously being factionally unaligned during the Morrison government years.
# List of writers on Sikhism

This is a list of writers on Sikhism. The list should include writers who have Wikipedia articles who have written books about Sikhism. Each entry should indicate the writers most well-known work. Multiple works should be listed only if each work has a Wikipedia article.
* Bhai Vir Singh
* Bhagat Puran Singh
* Professor Puran Singh
* Randhir Singh
* Giani Sant Singh Maskeen
* Jaswant Singh Neki
* Max Arthur Macauliffe
* Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi
* Karam Singh
* Bhai Kahn Singh
* G. B. Singh
* Khushwant Singh
* Gurbachan Singh Talib
* Harjinder Singh Dilgeer
* Fauja Singh (historian)
* Gurinder Singh Mann
* Harjot Oberoi
# La Salle Explorers basketball

La Salle Explorers basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent La Salle University:
* La Salle Explorers men's basketball
* La Salle Explorers women's basketball
# Magnolia sharpii

Magnolia sharpii is a tree species of Magnolia from Chiapas, Mexico. It grows in wet tropical habitats.

## Description

Magnolia sharpii is a large tree, growing up to 25 meters tall with a trunk more than 50 cm in diameter.

## Range and habitat

Magnolia sharpii is endemic to the Central Highlands of Chiapas, where it is known from scattered localities between 1,950 and 2,940 meters elevation. The species' estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 2,228 km$^2$.
Its typical habitat is on steep slopes or in ravines in cloud forests and humid oak and pine–oak forests. It favors mature closed-canopy forests dominated by oaks which sustain a cool and moist forest floor environment. It is shade-tolerant but intolerant of prolonged drought.

## Conservation and threats

The species has a small, scattered population, and is threatened by severe deforestation across much of its range. It favors undisturbed forests which are becoming rarer across its range. Its conservation status is assessed as endangered.

## Prehistory

Fossil records indicate that the species was widely distributed in North America during the Miocene, with widespread fossils from Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Over 25 million years its range contracted, and the species is now limited to a disjunct distribution across a small area of Mexico.

## Name

The specific epithet of sharpii, refers to Aaron John Sharp (1904–1997), known professionally as Jack Sharp, who was an American botanist and bryologist, considered an expert on mosses.
# Turghun Almas

Turghun Almas (Uyghur: تۇرغۇن ئالماس; Simplified Chinese: 吐尔贡·阿力玛斯; 30 October 1924 – 11 September 2001) was a Uyghur historian and poet born in Kashgar. He was criticized for his "support for ethnic nationalist separatists" by Wang Lequan. He was jailed from 1943 to 1946 and again from July 1947 to April 1949 for his political activities. In 1950 he became an editor for the Azadliq (Freedom) newspaper.
Turghun began researching Uyghur history in 1980. In 1989, the publication of his book Uyghurlar advanced the thesis that the Uyghurs are the historical owner of Xinjiang and should have an independent state. The book was banned after its publication, and Turghun was allegedly under house arrest until his death in Ürümqi.