OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paddy Logan (politician)

John William Logan (1845 – 25 May 1925), known as Paddy Logan, was a civil engineering contractor and Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Harborough in Leicestershire.
He was the son of John Logan of Newport, Monmouthshire and educated at King's School, Gloucester. J. W. Logan was a successful railway contractor with the civil engineering firm of Logan and Hemingway. He moved to Leicestershire in 1876 to supervise a railway contract and lived near Market Harborough at East Langton Grange, where he gave the village a cricket ground and a hall. He also maintained a cottage home for the children of men killed on his works.
His health was poor following a hunting accident and he resigned as MP on two occasions. Logan had won Harborough from the Tories at a by-election on 8 May 1891 and held it until his resignation on 1 June 1904. He returned at the second general election of 1910, only to resign again six years later. His political career was devoted to improving the lot of agricultural labourers, and it was in their interests that he had agreed to stand for parliament on the second occasion, but the strain proved too great, forcing him to retire permanently from public life.
During his election campaigns, he was often denied the use of public halls and held his meetings under canvas in what he called the "free speech tent".
He was appointed as both Steward of the Manor of Northstead and Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, as a means of resigning from the House of Commons. He was appointed to the former post in 1904 and to the latter in 1916.
J. W. Logan was a prominent sportsman and one of the founding fathers of the British racing pigeon fancy, writing Logan’s Pigeon Racer’s Handbook. He was president of Leicestershire County Cricket Club and his son, Hugh, played a single first-class cricket match for Leicestershire.
On his death at the age of 80 in 1925, he was buried at East Langton, where he had lived for 50 years. During his life he also visited Australia and New Zealand.
Logan Street in Market Harborough and the electoral ward of Market Harborough Logan in Harborough District is named after him. His children's names were used to name a couple of the cottages in Back Lane, East Langton.
# Palace Theatre (Silverton, Oregon)

The Palace Theatre is an art deco theatre in Silverton, Oregon, United States. The venue is a contributing property of the NRHP-listed Silverton Commercial Historic District. Stu Rasmussen has been a co-owner since 1974.

## History

The current theatre was built in 1936, replacing the Opera House, which was built during the early 1900s and screened films since 1909 but was destroyed by fire in 1935. Stu Rasmussen has co-owned the venue since 1974.
In 2012, a fire forced the venue to close temporarily and undergo a restoration. The theatre was restored to its original "glory, but with state-of-the-art 21st-century entertainment technology carefully hidden away".
A replica of the theatre's marquee was part of the set of the 2013 musical about Rasmussen called Stu for Silverton.
Owners announced plans to close in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the theater has since re-opened.

## Architecture

The theatre faces southwest diagonally on a street corner. It is built of concrete. The facade features a large chevron pattern divided by vertical stripes. A metal-constructed marquee hangs in front of the theatre, supported from the upper facade by wires.

## Reception

In 2018, Justin Much of the Statesman Journal included Palace Theatre in his list of "7 essentials to Silverton's unique appeal".
# Palace Tower

Palace Tower may refer to:
* Palace Tower, a hotel building part of the Caesars Palace casino in Las Vegas, United States
* 108 St Georges Terrace, a skyscraper in Perth, Australia
# Tucker Hume

Tucker Hume (born August 22, 1993) is an American soccer forward. He has a twin brother Walker Hume.

## Playing career

In February 2017, Hume signed with Ottawa Fury FC in the United Soccer League.
On December 14, 2017, Hume signed with Nashville SC in the USL.
# Tunnell

Tunnell is a surname, and may refer to:
* Byron M. Tunnell - Railroad Commission of Texas member and politician
* Ebe W. Tunnell - American merchant and politician
* Emlen Tunnell - African-American football player
* George Tunnell - American vocalist
* James M. Tunnell - American teacher, lawyer and politician
* James M. Tunnell, Jr. - American politician
* Jeff Tunnell - computer game producer, programmer and designer
* Jerrold B. Tunnell (1950–2022) - American mathematician
* Lee Tunnell - American pitcher
* Michael O. Tunnell (born 1950) - American writer, children's literature critic, and educator
# Pakistan Armed Services Board

The Pakistan Armed Services Board (PASB) is a welfare organization department under the Ministry of Defence in Pakistan. It was established to assist soldiers, sailors and airmen serving in various capacities in the armed forces.

## History

The PASB was initially established as the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen's Board in Bombay, Rawalpindi and Sheikhupura in 1919 after World War I. The British Raj established the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen Board to look after the welfare of retired and serving personnel in India. After the Partition of India it was renamed to Pakistan Armed Services Board which split into the Bangladesh Armed Services Board after the Independence of Bangladesh in 1971. The Board has expanded from 28 District Armed Services Boards (DASBs) in 1947 to 63 DASBs.

## Functions

PASB provides various services including processing of cases, provision of general family pension, and special financial assistance from the Regimental Centre. It also provides guidelines for pensioners and administers a 2% disability quota.

## Infrastructure development

In December 2020, the Director General of PASB allocated a grant of Rs 850,000 for the construction of a boundary wall to secure the Defense Armed Services Board (DASB) office and land. However, DC Gujarat stopped the construction following which ex-servicemen protested.

## Controversies
### Corruption allegations

In November 2011, a document from the Ministry of Defence disclosed the supposed participation of nearly a hundred military officers in dishonest activities. This disclosure came after the Public Accounts Committee’s announcement that three high-ranking military generals were accountable for the losses of Rs1.8 billion in the scam involving the National Logistics Cell. Among the 88 officials charged with corruption was a high-ranking officer from the Pakistan Armed Services Board.

### Financial irregularities

In October 2022, an audit conducted by the Auditor General of Pakistan (AGP) of MEO Quetta uncovered a discrepancy amounting to Rs 82 million in the construction of the commercial plaza by the Pakistan Armed Services Board (PASB). A parcel of land, spanning 1,517.52 square meters, was leased to the PASB for 30 years for the construction of a Soldier House in Quetta. Contrary to this, the land was utilized for the erection of a commercial plaza without obtaining the necessary governmental consent, an act that is unlawful and contravenes the Cantonment Land Administration (CLA) regulations.
# Turbonilla fernandoi

Turbonilla fernandoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Turbonilla terminuslevis

Turbonilla terminuslevis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Palla publius

Palla publius, the andromorph palla, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. The habitat consists of primary lowland evergreen forests.

## Subspecies

* Palla publius publius (Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria)
* Palla publius centralis van Someren, 1975 (Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, northern, eastern and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo)
* Palla publius kigoma van Someren, 1975 (north-western Tanzania)
# Pallab Kirtania

Pallab Kirtania (born 14 Augr 1964) is an Indian Bengali male singer-songwriter, writer and actor from Kolkata.

## Education

He received his education at Katiahat BKAP Institution, after which he attended Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata.

## Music Album

* Shaon
* Ghumer Pata
* Dhulokhela
* Muktobeni

## Books

* Ganer Mati (Abhijan Publishers, 2012)
* Patar Porijon (Abhijan Publishers, 2013)
* Patar Canvas (Abhijan Publishers, 2014)
# Tunde Eso

Tunde Eso Listen (born 16 August 1977) is a Nigerian journalist, social commentator, public relations specialist and publisher of Findout Newspaper. He is a 2018 PDP aspirant for Governor of Osun State. Eso is the founder of Youthocracy; a new system of government, president of Fix Nigeria Group and the author of the books African Security Solution and Vision for Africa.

## Early life and education

Eso was born and raised in Ilesha, Osun State, to the family of Pa Obafemi and Iyabode Eso (née Fanibe) on 16 August 1977. He studied accountancy for his National Diploma certificate at Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, in 2005. He obtained his bachelor of science degree in Political Science at University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

## Political views

In an interview with the Nigerian Guardian newspaper, Eso said the old generation of politicians would continue to sideline Nigerian youth until the youths realize that they constitute the most significant number of voters. He opined that the numerical strength of the children is enough to pick and select one of the young Nigerians with pragmatic programmes. In Eso's opinion, Nigerian youths have been neglected by past administrations. He also believes that it is time to build leaders with the right thoughts and actions, leaders who will not fight for their pockets only, leaders who will think of others and not themselves alone. In his opinion, the integration of young people in politics is needed to solve Nigeria's insecurity problems.

## Youthocracy

In 2013, Eso coined a new system of government called Youthocracy which he defined as 'Government of the people, by the youth and for the people' in his book titled Vision for Africa; he further explain that his motives is to provide political opportunities to youths so they can be relevant in Nigerian politics, hence the need to identify with Youthocracy which is set to takeover from Democracy according to his interview with The Nation.
# Palazzo Serra di Cassano

Palazzo Serra di Cassano is an aristocratic palace in Naples, Italy, built for the wealthy Serra family, one of the original 54 families of the 'old nobility' of Genoa, whose family was organized within an Albergo. The family insignia (crest) is frescoed on the ceiling of the Palazzo Serra's Great Hall. The family had economic interests in banking, insurance and law.

## History

The Palazzo is behind the Piazza del Plebiscito on via Monte di Dio, the road leading up to the height of the Pizzofalcone peak. It was built in 1730 by the architect Ferdinando Sanfelice, also responsible for the construction of the nearby Nunziatella, the Bourbon Military Academy founded in the days of the Kingdom of Naples, and still in operation.
Both the Duke of Cassano and the Palazzo Serra were known throughout Europe for their superb library. In the 19th century, that collection was sold to the 2nd Earl Spencer; the part which he retained is located today at the John Rylands Library, Manchester. The dual portals of the palace entrance, on the via Monte di Dio, open onto twin curved stairways leading up over an octagonal courtyard. The building originally had entrances on two different streets; the entrance that formerly opened onto via Egiziaca, facing the Royal Palace, was closed in 1799. The owner, Luigi Francesco Serra, The Duke of Cassano (Calabria), closed it to protest the beheading of his son, Gennaro Serra. Gennaro, the prince of Cassano, fought for the Neapolitan Republic, and was handed over to Bourbon authorities by Admiral Horatio Nelson, who betrayed an agreement he had made with the revolutionaries.
Gennaro Serra's mother Giulia Carafa Serra, the Duchess of Cassano, was also suspected in the revolutionary plot and was banished from Naples for a period of seven years.
The building today houses the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici (Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies).
# Paloma Negra

"Paloma Negra" is a ranchera song written by Tomás Méndez and originally released by Chavela Vargas in 1961 on her self-titled debut album. The song was later featured on the soundtrack to the Academy Award-nominated biopic Frida.
"Paloma Negra" has been covered by prominent artists such as Lola Beltrán, Vicente Fernández, Ángela Aguilar, Lila Downs, Rocio Jurado, Vikki Carr, and Jenni Rivera.
# Tur kaut kam ir jābūt

Tur kaut kam ir jābūt is an album from the Latvian band Brainstorm. It is Brainstorm's sixteenth album in the Latvian language. "Tur kaut kam ir jābūt" is Latvian for "There has to be something". The Latvian version of the album contains thirteen songs. Two singles from the album, "Tur kaut kam ir jābūt" and "Ja tikai uz mani tu paskatītos", became very popular in Latvia. The album was produced by Latvian rapper/producer Gustavo. Tur kaut kam ir jābūt is the first Brainstorm album that features a rapper.

## Track listing

* Ceļa dziesma
* Ja tikai uz mani tu paskatītos
* Bronza
* Atliek nosargāt
* Siāma
* Es jau nāku
* Ai nu lai
* Par podu
* Tur kaut kam ir jābūt
* Laikam
* Vakardienas trakums
* Bēdz
* Pamodini mani

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Latvia | — | 20,000 |
# Turkistan Bhittani

Turkistan Bhittani or Turkestan Bettani (c. 1968 – 23 December 2019) was the militant leader of a pro-government Taliban faction based in the town of Tank in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. He is notable for his opposition to the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Turkistan belongs to Bettani tribe (also spelled Bhittani).

## Background

During his teens, Bhittani joined in the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan.
Later, Turkistan served in the Frontier Corps until his retirement in 1998. He then joined the Taliban in the Afghan Civil War and remained in 2001 to fight against US-led forces.

## Challenge to the TTP

Although at one time he was allied to Baitullah Mehsud, Turkistan Bhittani disapproved of Baitullah's violent attacks against Pakistani citizens and security forces. After he lost about 40 of his men in clashes with Baitullah's forces in 2008, Turkistan joined anti-TTP forces. With the implicit support of the Pakistani military, he allied himself with Qari Zainuddin Mehsud to openly challenge Baitullah. On 8 June 2009, Zainuddin and Turkistan held a jirga of Mehsud tribal elders during which Turkistan condemned Baitullah's methods and urged the elders to fight against the leader of the TTP if he did not end his attacks against civilians and begin negotiations with the government.
After Zainuddin's death on 23 June 2009, Turkistan proclaimed willingness to work with the Pakistani army and American forces to combat the TTP.
# Megachile luteicornis

Megachile luteicornis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1973.
# Newbrough Hall

Newbrough Hall is an early 19th-century country house at Newbrough, about 5 miles (8 km) west of Hexham, Northumberland, England. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Newbrough was anciently part of the Manor of Thornton. The medieval tower house known as Thornton Tower was reported to be in a state of decay in a survey in 1541. The Grade II listed building is now completely ruinous.
The estate was held by John Armstrong in 1692 and by John Bacon in the early 18th century. By due descent the property passed to Bacon's great grandson, the Reverend Henry Wastell, in 1811.
Wastell built a new house adjacent to the old tower, to a design by architect John Dobson in 1812. The estate later passed to his daughter and her husband of 1901, Colonel Coulson. They commissioned architect Francis William Deas (1862–1951) to modernise the house in 1902. The resulting two-storey house, with five bays of which the central was pedimented, was extended with two rear wings attached to the 1813 coach house to create a central courtyard. The house was equipped with electricity for which purpose a detached power house was erected in the grounds. (The power house, now a separate dwelling, is Grade II listed).
Coulson's daughter married Walter Benson, High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1917. William Archer Benson was High Sheriff in 1951. The Benson family remained in residence until 1999. The house is occupied by their descendants who offer holiday accommodation.
# Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal

Wartburg is a small town located 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Pietermaritzburg and 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Greytown in the uMshwathi Local Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The town was named after Wartburg castle in Thuringia where Martin Luther translated the Bible into German by the immigrant families who arrived in South Africa in 1848. A noticeable population of German-speaking citizens still live in the area surrounding the town.
The town is mostly supported by the surrounding agricultural industry, mostly sugar cane and timber production.
There are two schools that serve the town: Wartburg Kirchdorf School and Georgenau School, which originally was the Wartburg Kirchdorf Junior School. The Wartburg Kirchdorf School caters to students from pre-school right through till grade 12. The School has a wealth of facilities, having rugby fields, cricket fields, hockey fields, cricket nets, tennis courts, a swimming pool, and an athletics track and equipment, and a library.
# Land Grant Act of 1850

The Land Grant Act of 1850 provided for 3.75 million acres of land to the United States to support railroad projects; by 1857 21 million acres of public lands were used for railroads in the Mississippi River valley, and the stage was set for more substantial Congressional subsidies to future railroads.
The act gave land in Illinois to the Illinois Central Railroad, and land in Alabama and Mississippi to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The land given was in the form of alternate sections.
# Not Falling Apart

"Not Falling Apart" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5 from the group's second studio album, It Won't Be Soon Before Long (2007). Although the original version wasn't released as a single, a remix of the song was released as a single and charted at number 3 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. It was written by band frontman Adam Levine, with production of the song helmed by Mike Elizondo, Mark "Spike" Stent and Maroon 5.

## Background

"Not Falling Apart" features a "whisper croon" from singer Adam Levine. Like many early Maroon 5 songs, "Not Falling Apart" is about heartbreak. The instrumentation in the verse of the song has been compared to the Police's song, "Every Breath You Take". A separate song with the same name was recorded while the band were called Kara's Flowers. This song was featured on the EP Stagg Street Recordings. "Not Falling Apart" has been played very few times live by the band. It made its live debut in late 2005, making it one of the first songs from the album performed live (the first being "Can't Stop").

### Remix

A version of the song, which was remixed by Dutch producer Tiësto, was featured on Call and Response: The Remix Album and released as a promotional single in the Netherlands and the USA. The remix peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in 2009.

## Charts

The remix of the song debuted at No. 34 on the Billboard Dance Club chart on February 7, 2009. It peaked at No. 3 on April 4 of that year during a 13-week stay on the chart.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Hot Dance Club Play (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Global Dance Songs (Billboard) | 21 |

## Credits and personnel

All credits adapted from the album liner notes.

### Maroon 5

* Adam Levine – lead and backing vocals, rhythm and lead guitars
* Jesse Carmichael – keyboards, backing vocals
* Mickey Madden – bass guitar
* James Valentine – lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals
* Matt Flynn – drums, percussion
* Ryan Dusick – musical director

### Production

* Mike Elizondo – production, additional keyboards
* Mark "Spike" Stent - production
* Adam Hawkins - Pro Tools engineer
* Alex Dromgoole - mix assistant
* David Emery - mix assistant
# Kinesis (biology)

Kinesis, like a taxis or tropism, is a movement or activity of a cell or an organism in response to a stimulus (such as gas exposure, light intensity or ambient temperature).
Unlike taxis, the response to the stimulus provided is non-directional. The animal does not move toward or away from the stimulus but moves at either a slow or fast rate depending on its "comfort zone." In this case, a fast movement (non-random) means that the animal is searching for its comfort zone while a slow movement indicates that it has found it.

## Types

There are two main types of kineses, both resulting in aggregations. However, the stimulus does not act to attract or repel individuals.
Orthokinesis: in which the speed of movement of the individual is dependent upon the stimulus intensity. For example, the locomotion of the collembola, Orchesella cincta, in relation to water. With increased water saturation in the soil there is an increase in the direction of its movement towards the aimed place.
Klinokinesis: in which the frequency or rate of turning is proportional to stimulus intensity. For example, the behaviour of the flatworm (Dendrocoelum lacteum) which turns more frequently in response to increasing light thus ensuring that it spends more time in dark areas.

## Basic model of kinesis

The kinesis strategy controlled by the locally and instantly evaluated well-being (fitness) can be described in simple words: Animals stay longer in good conditions and leave bad conditions more quickly. If the well-being is measured by the local reproduction coefficient then the minimal reaction-diffusion model of kinesis can be written as follows:
For each population in the biological community,
$\partial _{t}u_{i}(x,t)=D_{0i}\nabla \left(e^{-\alpha _{i}r_{i}(u_{1},\ldots ,u_{k},s)}\nabla u_{i}\right)+r_{i}(u_{1},\ldots ,u_{k},s)u_{i},$
where: $u_{i}$ is the population density of ith species, $s$ represents the abiotic characteristics of the living conditions (can be multidimensional), $r_{i}$ is the reproduction coefficient, which depends on all $u_{i}$ and on s, $D_{0i}>0$ is the equilibrium diffusion coefficient (defined for equilibrium $r_{i}=0$). The coefficient $\alpha _{i}>0$ characterises dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the reproduction coefficient.
The models of kinesis were tested with typical situations. It was demonstrated that kinesis is beneficial for assimilation of both patches and fluctuations of food distribution. Kinesis may delay invasion and spreading of species with the Allee effect.