OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann Gottfried Bremser

Johann Gottfried Bremser (19 August 1767 in Wertheim am Main – 21 August 1827 in Vienna) was a German-Austrian parasitologist and hygienist.
In 1796 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Jena, and following graduation, took a study tour through Germany, Switzerland and Italy. In 1797 he settled in Vienna as a physician. He developed an interest in the field of helminthology, and by way of a request from Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, director of the Naturalienkabinette in Vienna, he started a helminth collection in around 1806, which eventually became one of the better parasitic worm collections in the world. In 1815 he conducted scientific research in Paris. In 1825 he succumbed to illness, and two years later died in Vienna at the age of 60.
He was at the forefront of medical vaccinations in Vienna, and argued the case for compulsory cowpox vaccinations for all citizens.

## Selected works

* Über die Kuhpocken, 1801 – (On cowpox).
* Über lebende Würmer im lebenden Menschen, 1819 (On living worms in living humans); later translated into French and published as Traité zoologique et physiologique sur les vers intestinaux de l'homme, 1824.
* Icones helminthum systema Rudolphii entozoologicum illustrantes, 1824.
# John Baden

John A. Baden is founder and chairman of the Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment (FREE) based in Bozeman, Montana. In addition to FREE. he cofounded the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC), the Environmental Management MBA program at the University of Washington, and Warriors and Quiet Waters. He has taught at Indiana University, Montana State University, Utah State University, and the University of Washington. Baden and his wife, Ramona Marotz-Badem, own a ranch in Gallatin Gateway, outside Bozeman, Montana.
In 1977 Baden co-authored Managing the Commons with Garrett Hardin, the author of the essay "The Tragedy of the Commons". The book, which is currently out of print, is a collection of articles exploring the themes raised in Hardin's original essay.
# John Bowdler

John Bowdler (1746–1823) was a campaigner for moral reform in Britain and a founder of the Church Building Society. His brother and sister were the editors of the expurgated Family Shakspeare.

## Early life

He was born at Bath, Somerset on 18 March 1746, the son of Thomas Bowdler and Elizabeth, née Cotton, second daughter and coheiress of Sir John Cotton, 6th Baronet. John Bowdler (known as the elder to distinguish him from his son John) was the eldest son of this marriage. His mother, who wrote 'Practical Observations on the Revelations of St. John' (Bath, 1800; written in 1775), was noted for piety and culture; and she gave all her children religious training. John Bowdler attended several private schools. His brother Thomas Bowdler the elder and sister Henrietta Maria Bowdler would become well known as the expurgators of Shakespeare.
In November 1765 Bowdler was placed in the office of Mr. Barsham, a special pleader; and he practised as a chamber conveyancer between 1770 and 1780.
In January 1778 he married Harrietta, eldest daughter of John Hanbury, vice-consul at Hamburg.
In November 1779 he attended Robert Gordon, the last of the nonjuring bishops, through a fatal illness. Bowdler had attended Gordon's nonjuring services in London.
His father's death in 1785 put Bowdler in possession of a small fortune; he then retired from his profession.

## Pamphleteer for reform

In 1795 Bowdler wrote a long letter to Lord Auckland about the high prices of the time, in which he attacked clergy and legislators for neglecting morality and religion. In 1796 he addressed letters on similar subjects to the Archbishop of Canterbury and bishops Beilby Porteus and Samuel Horsley. He published in 1797 a pamphlet entitled Reform or Ruin, in which he sought again to expose the immorality and irreligion of the nation. The pamphlet had a wide sale, and reached an eighth edition within a year.
He disapproved of Sir Richard Hill's 'Apology for Brotherly Love,' a partial justification of the prevailing dissent, and issued pamphlets in support of the opposite views expounded in Charles Daubeney's 'Guide to the Church.'
In 1815 he formed a committee to memorialise the government to erect additional churches in the populous parts of England out of public funds. In 1816 he petitioned Lord Sidmouth to abolish lotteries.

## Death and legacy

He died at Eltham on 29 June 1823. Bowdler was one of the founders of the Church Building Society. In 1825 his son Thomas published a Memoir of the Late John Bowdler (which includes an account of Thomas Bowdler the elder).

## Family

He had ten children, six of whom survived infancy. John Bowdler the Younger and Thomas Bowdler the Younger were his sons. His daughter Elizabeth died on 4 December 1810.
# John Andrews (writer)

John Malcolm Andrews (born 21 August 1936) is an English author on antiques, journalist and crime writer, engineering businessman and author – as John Malcolm – of the Tim Simpson series of art crime novels, author as John Andrews of the first Price Guide to Antique Furniture (1968) and Managing Editor of Antique Collecting magazine.

## Biography

Born in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, the son of May (née Whiteley) and Ernest Andrews, an engineer, John Andrews was educated at Sale High School in Manchester and The British Schools of Montevideo (1946–1950), before returning to England as a boarder at Bedford Modern School (1950–1955), and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he read Engineering and was Captain of the Lady Margaret Boat Club. He graduated MA in 1958. Andrews worked as design engineer (1958–63), an export sales manager (1963–70), management consultant (1970–76), and international marketing manager (1976–90) before setting up his own business as a machinery broker in 1990, travelling abroad extensively.
In 1966 he was a founder member of the Antique Collectors' Club and became its first author as John Andrews with The Price Guide to Antique Furniture (1968). He went on to write more books on antique furniture and is currently Managing Editor of Antique Collecting magazine. He was Chairman of the Trustees of Rye Art Gallery from 1995 to 2004.
In 1984 his first crime novel, A Back Room in Somers Town, written as John Malcolm, was published by Collins Crime Club. He went on to write a total of fifteen of the Tim Simpson series of crime novels plus two more with different central characters. He was Chairman of the Crime Writers' Association from 1994–5 and wrote a number of short stories. The art background to many of the Tim Simpson series involves the work of modern painters such as Walter Sickert, Mary Godwin, Sir William Orpen, Gwen and Augustus John, Sir William Nicholson and Ben Nicholson, Sir Alfred Munnings, James Tissot, Wyndham Lewis, C.R.W. Nevinson, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Camille Pissarro, Whistler, Winslow Homer, Vincent van Gogh and John Singer Sargent.
Andrews is a member of the Crime Writers Association and the Society of Authors. He married Geraldine Lacey (a picture restorer) on 25 March 1961. The couple live in East Sussex and have one son.
# John Clendenin

John Clendenin may refer to:
* John J. Clendenin (1813–1876), justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
* John L. Clendenin (born 1934), chairman of The Home Depot
# John Cass (disambiguation)

John Cass (1661–1718) was a British merchant and politician.
Sir John Cass may also refer to:
* Sir John Cass's Foundation, an education charity in London
* Cass Business School, the former name of The Business School at City, University of London
* Sir John Cass (19th century), merchant and father of Annie Pearson, Viscountess Cowdray
* John Cass (1813–1889), master mariner and Captain of the Caduceus
# John B. Little (radiobiologist)

John B. Little (October 5, 1929 – May 24, 2020) was an American radiobiologist who was the James Stevens Simmons Professor of Radiobiology Emeritus at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health from 2006 until his death in 2020. He graduated from Harvard College (physics,1951) and Boston University Medical School (MD, 1955).

## Career

At the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Little was the director of the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences and Environmental Health and of the Kresge Center for Environmental Health.

### Legacy

Little is credited with “discoveries in radiation biology and cancer biology, including mechanistic aspects of DNA repair, mutagenesis, genomic instability, and other nontargeted effects of exposure that each influence radiation response.”
# John B. Pierce

John Bartlett Pierce (June 2, 1844 – June 23, 1917) was an American industrialist who founded the Pierce Steam Heating Company, a forerunner of the American Radiator Company.

## Biography

Pierce was born June 2, 1844, in Embden, Maine. His first business enterprise was a store in Buffalo, New York, acquired 1872. He subsequently took on an assistant Joseph Bond, who was experienced in the installation of furnaces and stoves. In 1881 Pierce and Bond founded the Pierce Steam Heating Company of Buffalo.
In 1892 he merged his company with the Detroit Radiator Company and the Michigan Radiator and Iron Company to form the American Radiator Company.
Pierce was married twice, but died childless in Lynnfield, Massachusetts on June 23, 1917. His will left company stock, valued at more than $1 million, to more than 400 friends and employees, and designated additional funds to endow a private foundation.

### Legacy

The John B. Pierce Foundation was established in 1924 to promote research, educational, technical or scientific work in the general field of heating, ventilation and sanitation.
# John Gosling (cricketer, born 1921)

John William Gosling (1921 – 1994 ) was a Fijian cricketer. A right arm medium pace bowler, he played one first-class match for the Fiji national cricket team, against Canterbury in March 1948. Eight years later, he was a key part of the Fijian team that gained an upset 28 run win over the Test-playing West Indians, taking six wickets, including that of Garfield Sobers.
# John Clarke (Scottish footballer)

John Clarke was a Scottish professional footballer. A centre forward, he played in the Football League for Bury, Blackpool and Luton Town.

## Career

After starting his career in his native Scotland with Rangers, he joined Fairfield without having made any League appearances for the Gers. He signed for nearby Bury in 1896, making six League appearances for them before moving north-west to join Blackpool he made thirteen League appearances for the Seasiders, scoring six goals. He finished his career with Luton Town in 1897, making one League appearance for the Hatters.
# John Gilbert King

John Gilbert King (1822 – 9 January 1901) was an Irish Conservative Party politician.

## Family

He was the son of Henry King and Harriett, daughter of John Lloyd, who had been a Member of the Irish House of Commons for King's County before the Act of Union. He inherited Ballylin House from his father in 1857 and, because he was unmarried with no children, this was passed to his nephew Henry Louis Mahon, son of Ross Mahon and Harriett King.

## Political career

At the 1865 general election, he was elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for King's County. He stood down at the next election, in 1868.

## Other activities

He was a Justice of the Peace and High Sheriff of King's County for 1852–53.
# John Gilborne

John Gilborne (fl. 1770/80s) was an Irish physician and poet. He lived in Vicar Street, off Thomas Street, in Dublin.
Gilborne's best known poetry is The Medical Review which was a source for Charles Cameron's biographical sketches in his history of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

## Selected works

* The Medical Review, a poem; Being a panecyric on the faculty of Dublin; physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, marching in procession to the temple of fame (1775)
* The Triumphant Return, a Poem; In Latin and English: Humbly Dedicated to His Excellency George Grenville Nugent Temple (1788)
* De regis convalescentia: On the king's recovery, an allegorical poem: in Latin and English. Alluding to the arms, crests, supporters, and mottos of the nobility of Great Britain and Ireland. (1789)
# John J. McCusker

John J. McCusker II is the Ewing Halsell Distinguished Professor of American History and Professor of Economics at Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas.

## Early life and education

McCusker grew up in upstate New York. He did graduate work at the University of Rochester, where he studied with Robert W. Fogel, the 1993 Nobel Laureate in Economic Science; at the University College of the University of London, where he worked under Harry C. Allen; and at the University of Pittsburgh, where Carter Goodrich directed his doctoral dissertation, receiving his degree in 1970.

## Teaching career

McCusker taught at the University of Maryland, College Park for 24 years. In 1992, he moved to Texas, and taught at Trinity University until he retired in 2015. He offered courses in the general US history, US economic and business history, and the history of seventeenth and eighteenth century British America. In addition he has served, in an honorary capacity, since 1994 as Adjunct Professor of early American History at the University of Texas, in Austin.

## Publications

* Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600-1775: A Handbook (1978; reissued with corrections, 1992) ISBN 978-0-8078-4367-3
* European Marine Lists and Bills of Entry: Early Commercial Publications and the Origins of the Business Press (1985)
* The Economy of British America, 1607-1789 (1985; 2nd ed., with a supplementary bibliography, 1991), co-authored with Russell Menard ISBN 978-0-8078-4351-2
* Rum and the American Revolution: The Rum Trade and the Balance of Payments of the Thirteen Continental Colonies (1989)
* The Beginnings of Commercial and Financial Journalism: The Commodity Price Currents, Exchange Rate Currents, and Money Currents of Early Modern Europe (1991), co-authored with Cora Gravesteijn
* How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (1992; reprinted, 1993; 2nd ed., rev., 2001)
* Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic World (1997) ISBN 978-0415168410
* Co-edited with Kenneth Morgan, The Early Modern Atlantic Economy (2001) ISBN 978-0521782494
The Economy of British America won two honors: the Outstanding Academic Book for 1985–1986 by Choice and a Distinguished Book Award, Honorable Mention, by the Society of Colonial Wars.

## Personal life

McCusker is married to Ann Van Pelt; they have five children: Terrie F. Conner, Kenneth W. Florance, John J. McCusker III, Patrick W. McCusker and Margaret E. McCusker.
# John G. Gertsch

John Gary Gertsch (September 29, 1944 or 1945 – July 19, 1969) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War.

## Biography

John G. Gertsch went to high school in Sheffield Area Middle/Senior High School (SAMSHS) in Sheffield, Pennsylvania. Gertsch joined the Army from Buffalo, New York in 1965, and by July 15, 1969, was serving as a staff sergeant in Company E, 1st Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. During a series of engagements on that day and the four following days, in the A Shau Valley of the Republic of Vietnam, Gertsch commanded his platoon after their leader was wounded and repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire to rescue wounded soldiers and attack the enemy. Mortally wounded on July 19, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in September 1974.
Gertsch, aged 23 or 24 at his death, was buried in North Side Catholic Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Medal of Honor citation

Staff Sergeant Gertsch's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   S/Sgt. Gertsch distinguished himself while serving as a platoon sergeant and platoon leader during combat operations in the A Shau Valley. During the initial phase of an operation to seize a strongly defended enemy position, S/Sgt. Gertsch's platoon leader was seriously wounded and lay exposed to intense enemy fire. Forsaking his own safety, without hesitation S/Sgt. Gertsch rushed to aid his fallen leader and dragged him to a sheltered position. He then assumed command of the heavily engaged platoon and led his men in a fierce counterattack that forced the enemy to withdraw. Later, a small element of S/Sgt. Gertsch's unit was reconnoitering when attacked again by the enemy. S/Sgt. Gertsch moved forward to his besieged element and immediately charged, firing as he advanced. His determined assault forced the enemy troops to withdraw in confusion and made possible the recovery of 2 wounded men who had been exposed to heavy enemy fire. Sometime later his platoon came under attack by an enemy force employing automatic weapons, grenade, and rocket fire. S/Sgt. Gertsch was severely wounded during the onslaught but continued to command his platoon despite his painful wound. While moving under fire and encouraging his men he sighted an aidman treating a wounded officer from an adjacent unit. Realizing that both men were in imminent danger of being killed, he rushed forward and positioned himself between them and the enemy nearby. While the wounded officer was being moved to safety S/Sgt. Gertsch was mortally wounded by enemy fire. Without S/Sgt. Gertsch's courage, ability to inspire others, and profound concern for the welfare of his men, the loss of life among his fellow soldiers would have been significantly greater. His conspicuous gallantry, extraordinary heroism, and intrepidity at the cost of his life, above and beyond the call of duty, are in the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit on him and the Armed Forces of his country.
# John James Deutsch

John James Deutsch CC (26 February 1911 – March 18, 1976) was a Canadian economist who served as the first chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, and as principal (1968–74) of Queen's University.
Born in Quinton, Saskatchewan, and educated at Queen's, he worked in journalism and in government, as well as at the university. In 1947 Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King asked Deutsch to negotiate a trade agreement with the United States, that would have produced a sweeping liberalization of Canada-U.S. trade, had it not in the end been repudiated by King's government. He subsequently became an economics professor at Queen's, and then the university's vice-principal (administration), before being selected as principal.
In 1966, he received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University.
During his term as Principal, Queen's underwent a substantial expansion of its infrastructure, to meet the increased demands of the baby boomer generation, which was growing towards university enrollment age. A new stadium, a new athletics complex, a new student union building, new residence accommodation, and several new academic buildings were all opened under Deutsch's leadership.
Deutsch, who died in 1976, is remembered at Queen's through the John Deutsch University Centre (JDUC), the student union building, and through the John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy, in the university's department of economics. A large banner, containing hoods from his 23 honorary degrees, is prominently displayed in the JDUC.
In 1969 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.
# John James Cresswell

John James Cresswell (1858–1944) was an English architect who practiced in Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England.
A son of Samuel Cresswell, master of Mapletoft Boys' School, he worked as an articled assistant and then leading assistant to James Fowler of Louth, Lincolnshire from 1877 to 1884. He then moved to Marlborough, Wiltshire to become an assistant to Charles Ponting. He passed the RIBA qualifying examination in 1892 and became an ARIBA in June 1893. He had moved back to Louth by 1888 and to Grimsby by 1892, setting up his own practice in the Victoria Chambers. In 1900 his address was 77 Victoria Street, Grimsby, where he remained until at least 1926.

## Architectural work

* Extension to the Fisherlads Institute, Grimsby, 1907.
* Louth Museum, 1910. Museum of the Louth Naturalists', Antiquarian and Literary Society.
* St Michael, Little Coates. 1933–4. Cresswell added a baptistry to the church.
# John Jacques, Baron Jacques

John Henry Jacques, Baron Jacques (11 January 1905 – 20 December 1995) was a British businessman and politician for the Co-operative Party.

## Background

Born in Ashington, he was the son of Thomas Dobsons Jacques, a miner and Ann Jaques, (née Bircham) A scholarship led him to the Co-operative College, located in Manchester, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in commerce. He then went to Low Moorsley as a secretary-manager of its Co-operative Society in 1925.

## Career

In 1929, Jacques became a tutor at his former school and from 1942 worked as an accountant for Plymouth's Co-op Society until 1945. He was subsequently chief executive of the Portsea Island Co-operative Society until 1965 and during this time served as President of the 1961 Co-operative Congress. From 1964, Jacques chaired the Co-operative Union, retiring after six years. In 1971, he became president of the Retail Trades Education Council, a post he held until 1975.
In recognition of his services to the Co-operative movement, on 11 July 1968 he received a life peerage with the title Baron Jacques, of Portsea Island, in the County of Hampshire, sitting as a Labour Co-operative peer. After some years in the House of Lords, Jacques was appointed a Lord-in-waiting in 1974, however was replaced three years later. In 1977, he became a Deputy Chairman of Committees until 1985. He served as Lord-in-Waiting again in 1979, shortly before Labour's defeat by the Conservative Party.

## Family

Jacques and Constance White were married in 1929 and had two sons and a daughter. Constance died in 1987 and two years later Jacques married Violet Davies. He died at Portsmouth in 1995 and was survived by his second wife.
The Portsea Island Society's store in Fratton Road, Portsmouth is now a Wetherspoons pub and was named "The John Jacques" in his honour.
# John Grimes (bishop of Syracuse)

John Grimes (December 18, 1852 – July 26, 1922) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Syracuse from 1912 until his death in 1922.

## Biography
### Early life

John Grimes was born in County Limerick to John and Bridget (née Hammon) Grimes. He was educated at both a national school and a Jesuit college in Ireland before going to Canada, where he enrolled at the College of Saint-Hyacinthe in 1874.
Attached to the Diocese of Albany, New York, in the United States, he was sent by Bishop Francis McNierney to study at the Grand Seminary of Montreal in 1878.

### Priesthood

He was ordained to the priesthood in Albany by Bishop Francis McNeirny on February 19, 1882. He then served as a curate at St. Mary's Church in Syracuse until 1887, when he became pastor of St. Paul's Church in Whitesboro, New York. In 1890 he returned to St. Mary's as its pastor.

### Coadjutor Bishop and Bishop of Syracuse

On February 1, 1909, Grimes was appointed as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Syracuse and Titular Bishop of Hermeria by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on May 16, 1909, from Archbishop John Farley, with Bishops Patrick Ludden and Thomas Burke serving as co-consecrators.
Upon the death of Bishop Ludden, Grimes automatically succeeded him as the second bishop of Syracuse on August 6, 1912.
John Grimes died on July 26, 1922, at age 69. The funeral was presided over by Patrick Joseph Hayes, Archbishop of New York, during which city courts adjourned for one hour.
A Catholic high school, Bishop Grimes Junior/Senior High School in East Syracuse, New York, was named in 1960 after him.