OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Obinautilus

Obinautilus is an extinct genus of shelled cephalopod that has been variously identified as an argonautid octopod or a nautilid. It is known from the Late Oligocene to Pliocene of Japan. The shell is discoidal and very involute, with rapidly expanding and compressed whorls, fine radial ribs, a rounded venter with a shallow furrow, and almost closed umbilicus.
Based on the examination of O. pulcher fossils from the Oligocene, the Tremoctopus–Argonauta divergence has been estimated to have occurred at least 29 million years ago.

## Species

Two species are recognised in the genus.
* †Obinautilus awaensis (originally described as Argonauta awaensis) — Pliocene (possibly also latest Miocene) Upper Senhata Formation of Bōsō Peninsula, Japan
* †Obinautilus pulcher (sometimes spelled O. pulchra) — Late Oligocene Nichinan Formation of Japan
# Obing

Obing is a municipality in the district of Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.
# Thomas Smith (Registrary)

Thomas Smith was the fourth recorded Registrary of the University of Cambridge.
Mere was born in Northamptonshire. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1576. He graduated B.A. in 1580 and M.A. in 1583. He was elected a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge from 1534 to 1548. He was Esquire Bedell from 1585 to 1592 and Registrary from 1591 until 1600.
# Thomas Smith (Scottish footballer)

Thomas Greig Smith (born 20 March 1908) was a Scottish amateur footballer who made over 140 appearances in the Scottish League for Queen's Park as a goalkeeper. He represented Scotland at amateur level and was selected once for the Scottish League XI in September 1933.

## Personal life

Smith attended Shawlands Academy.
# O. P. S. Bhadoria

O. P. S. Bhadoria is an Indian politician. He is a former MLA of Mehgaon constituency in Madhya Pradesh and a leader of the Scindia squad, Former Minister of State in the Shivraj Singh Chouhan led government.
Bhadoria stood as a candidate of the Indian National Congress (INC) for the Mehgaon constituency in the elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly of 2018. His principal opponent was Rakesh Shukla of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Bhadoria had lost the 2013 contest in that constituency to another BJP candidate, Mukesh Choudhary.
In July 2020, Bhadoria was appointed a minister of state. Along with some other MLAs, he had resigned from the assembly in March in a show of support for his leader Jyotiraditya Scindia who claim to have influence in Chambal-Gwalior region that had resulted in the collapse of the state government headed by Kamal Nath. The MLAs also resigned from the INC and joined the BJP.
# Ochyrotica concursa

The brown leaffolder (Ochyrotica concursa) is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Sri Lanka.
In the past it was also recorded from the Ryukyu Islands (Tokunoshima, Okinawa), as well as in Minamidaitōjima, Taiwan, China, the Philippines, India, the Moluccas and New Guinea, but research suggest these records are not related to this species.
The length of the forewings is 6–7 mm.
The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas.
# Thomas Wale (Knight of the Garter)

Sir Thomas Wale (1303 – 26 October 1352) was an English soldier and founder Knight of the Garter.
He was born, probably in Weedon Pinkney, Northamptonshire, to Sir Thomas Wale and his wife Lucy, Lady of the Manor of Weedon Pinkney. His father died in or shortly before 1315, after which his mother successfully fought a lawsuit with her cousin Edmund Pinkney for possession of the family estates. She died in 1343.
In 1339 he fought in Flanders under King Edward III and in 1342 fought under William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, in a military expedition to Brittany. In 1344 he was fighting overseas with Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel.
In 1348 he was invested, with 23 other knights, into the new Order of the Garter established by Edward III and was allocated stall 18 in the home of the order, St George's Chapel, Windsor.
He died in Gascony in 1352. He had married Nichola but left no children. Most of his estates, which included Litchborough, passed to his nephew Sir Peter Mallore, son of his sister Margaret, who had married into another prominent Northamptonshire family. Peter sat in the English House of Commons, was High Sheriff of Northamptonshire in 1351 and served in the late 1350s as a judge in Ireland.
# Thomas Walker (American politician)

Thomas Walker (December 15, 1850 - May 28, 1935) was enslaved before becoming a state legislator, county clerk, and deputy sheriff. He served in the Alabama House of Representatives.
Samuel M. Hill was his father. His mother was enslaved.
He gave sworn testimony in Bromberg v. Haralson.
# Thomas William Moseley

Thomas William Henry Harrison Moseley (November 28, 1813 – March 10, 1880) was a builder and designer of wrought-iron arch bridges. He is best known for his "Wrought-Iron Lattice Girder Bridge" patent of August 30, 1870. The only known surviving example of this type of bridge structure is the Hares Hill Road Bridge located in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Thomas W.H. Moseley was born near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky on November 28, 1813. He died in Scranton, Pennsylvania on March 10, 1880. He was referred to at times as "Gen. Moseley" because of his time as state adjutant-general in Ohio in the 1840s to early 1850s. He got started in business in Cincinnati, Ohio in the 1850s, which is when Zenas King was on board. By 1861, T.W.H Moseley had made his move to Boston, Massachusetts, and Zenas King started his own company in Cleveland, Ohio. By the early 1870s Thomas Moseley was living in Pennsylvania; Philadelphia first, then in Scranton.

## Patents

| Patent No | Patent Date | Inventor Name /City, State | Description /Significance | Example /Type | Ref. Link |
| 16572 | February 3, 1857 | Thomas Moseley /Boston, Massachusetts | Outlines distinctive details in remaining Moseley bowstring truss bridges. | Hares Hill Bridge | |
| 59054 | October 23, 1866 | Thomas Moseley /Boston, Massachusetts | Outlines distinctive details in remaining Moseley bowstring truss bridges. | Hares Hill Bridge | |
| 103765 | May 31, 1870 | Thomas Moseley /Boston, Massachusetts | Outlines distinctive details in remaining Moseley bowstring truss bridges. | Hares Hill Bridge | |
| cont'd | cont'd | cont'd | cont'd | cont'd | cont'd |
# Thomas William Murphy

Thomas William Murphy may refer to:
* Thomas W. Murphy (American Samoa judge) (1935–1992)
* Tom Murphy (English footballer) (born 1991), English footballer
* Tomás Guilherme Murphy (1716–1995), American-born Catholic bishop
* Torpedo Billy Murphy (1863–1939), New Zealand boxer
# Thue et Mue

Thue et Mue (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Calvados, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Bretteville-l'Orgueilleuse (the seat), Brouay, Cheux, Le Mesnil-Patry, Putot-en-Bessin and Sainte-Croix-Grand-Tonne.
# Odborové sdružení křesťanského dělnictva

Odborové sdružení křesťanského dělnictva v ČSR ('Trade Union Association of Christian Workers in the Czechoslovak Republic') was a trade union centre in the First Czechoslovak Republic. By the mid-1920s, its affiliated unions had a combined membership of 81,846. The organization was linked to the Czechoslovak People's Party The organization had its headquarter in Brno.
# Thysanomeros

Thysanomeros is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is found in Costa Rica. The generic name is derived from the Greek thysano ("brush") and meros ("femur").

## Species

* Thysanomeros jacobyi (Lefèvre, 1885)
* Thysanomeros ulateae Flowers, 2003
# Odontites luteus

Odontites luteus is a plant belonging to the genus Odontites in the family Orobanchaceae.

## Description

Odontites luteus is an annual plant, hemiparasite, 10 to 60 cm high. The leaves are linear, narrow and generally entire.
The inflorescences are organized in unilateral clusters. The pubescent corolla, with ciliate-bearded margins, has a deep yellow color. The stamens are clearly prominent outside the corolla.
The number of chromosomes of this species is 2n = 20.

## Habitat and distribution

Odontites luteus is distributed in Europe and North Africa (subsp. reboudii). It grows in steppes, garrigues and in the edge of dry forests. It prefers moderately dry soils, usually limestone, poor in clay, but always in sunny exposure.
In Central Europe, this plant belongs to the Festuco-Brometea and Sedo-Scleranthetea classes.

## Systematics

Three subspecies have been described:
* Odontites luteus (L.) Clairv. subsp. luteus.
* Odontites luteus subsp. bonifaciensis (Rouy) P. Fourn. (Syn .: Euphrasia bonifaciensis Rouy): this subspecies is found in Corsica.
* Odontites luteus subsp.reboudii (Pomel) Quézel & Santa: this subspecies is found in Algeria.
# Odontivalvia

Odontivalvia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Odontivalvia radialis, which is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas.
Larvae have been recorded feeding on Leucophyllum minus. They create silken tunnels covered with frass, attached to the branches of the host plant.
# Odontocera poecilopoda

Odontocera poecilopoda is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Oare, Berkshire

Oare is a small village in the civil parish of Chieveley in the English county of Berkshire.

## History

Oare boasts the earliest documented history within the parish. In 638, King Edgar gave Oare Chapel to the Abbot of Abingdon, a gift witnessed by Saint Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury. Ten hides of land (around 1200 acres) accompanied it.
A monastic grange was built by the abbot at which he could rest on the arduous journey between Abingdon and Winchester. The grange was where Oare Farm House now stands. All that remains of the original is a very fine garden wall. The pond beside the church was formerly used by the monks and prior to hold carp for their Friday meals. The grange was pulled down during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII, leaving the little church for the people. Oare became a chapel of Chieveley at that time.
The church, dedicated to St Bartholomew, is described by Historic England as "C15, almost completely re-built in Decorated style in 1852". It is Grade II listed, as is Roean Cottage to the west, and a barn at Kiln Farm.
The M4 motorway runs just to the north of the village between junctions 12 (Theale) and 13 (Chieveley Services); this section opened in 1971.
# Offender (film)

Offender is a 2012 British action film which follows a hard grafting, 20-year-old working-class man, Tommy Nix, who while avoiding getting mixed up in the wrong crowd sees his girlfriend fall victim to a brutal attack. It stars Kimberley Nixon, Joe Cole, Shaun Dooley, Vas Blackwood and rapper English Frank. It is written by Paul Van Carter and directed by Ron Scalpello.

## Cast

* Kimberley Nixon as Elise
* Shaun Dooley as Nash
* Joe Cole as Tommy
* English Frank as Jake
* Tyson Oba as Mason
* G FrSH as Angelface
* Daniel Kendrick as Sicko
* Scorcher as Essay
* Malachi Kirby as Harry
* David Ajala as Kelvin
* Ruth Gemmell as Cassie
* Mark Harris as Governor Davies
* Jacob Anderson as Patrick
* Vas Blackwood as Detective Boaz
* Doon Mackichan as the Doctor Patricia
* Can Somer as the Muslim Inmate
* Michael Edwards as Prison Officer
* Rimmel Daniel as Prison inmate
* Ric Ashley Smith as Pillion
* Mic Righteous as himself

## Reception

The film received mixed reviews from critics, with a 68% score on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. Empire magazine and Total Film both rated it 3/5, with Empire Magazine stating it was "a solid revenge thriller in which Cole excels" The Guardian gave it one star, stating "the plot and characters are lame and implausible, the dialogue is banal and the acting mediocre". Time Out claimed the film "feels less Scum and more like the back-story of one of Guy Ritchie’s knuckle-headed footsoldiers."
The film received a 4/5 rating from Heat magazine stating "this bloody borstal drama makes quiet political points alongside a powerful revenge storyline" and a 4/5 rating from Sky Movies calling it an "admirably crafted a compelling drama" and likening it to French prison film A Prophet and Alan Clarke's 1979 film Scum.
CineVue presented a 3/5 review for the film, stating that "Scalpello's Offender is far from original" However it presented "enjoyable performances and an entertaining revenge plot."
In general the reviews rate the film for its depiction of characters involved in and affected by the riots. The Londonist states "It’s a surprisingly comprehensive look at the lives of young criminals, in particular their sense of isolation and disenchantment with a corrupt system."
The film gained more positive reviews from urban and music press. Music sites Bring The Noise and MTV have rated the film 8/10 and 7/10 respectively.
# Obligatory possession

Obligatory possession is a linguistic phenomenon that is common in languages whose nouns are inflected for possessor, and some words, commonly kinship terms and body parts, cannot occur without a possessor in those languages. The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) lists 43 languages in its 244 language sample as having obligatory possession. Languages with obligatory possession are concentrated in New Guinea and in North and South America. Generally, obligatory possession is found throughout a family (such as Algonquian languages, represented by Plains Cree in the WALS sample, and Mayan languages represented by Tzutujil in the WALS sample), but not all Athabaskan languages have it. Slavey does not have obligatory possession but Navajo has it. Obligatory possession is also present in the language isolate Haida. English has it for own as an adjective: one's own body not *an own body.
Obligatory possession is sometimes called inalienable possession. However, true inalienable possession is a semantic notion, largely dependent on how a culture structures the world, whereas obligatory possession is a property of morphemes. In general, nouns with the property of requiring obligatory possession are notionally inalienably possessed, but the relation is rarely, if ever, perfect.
# Obligatory synergies

In medicine, obligatory synergies occur when spasticity appears, such as following a stroke. It manifests in abnormal and stereotypical patterns across multiple joints called obligatory synergies. They are described as either a flexion synergy or an extension synergy and affect both the upper and lower extremity (see below). When these patterns occur in a patient, he or she is unable to move a limb segment in isolation of the pattern. This interferes with normal activities of daily living. Some aspects of the obligatory synergy patterns however, can be cleverly used to increase function relative to the movement available to the individual. Careful thought should, therefore, be considered in deciding which muscle groups to stretch at specific times during recovery. Obligatory synergy patterns are observed when a patient tries to make a minimal voluntary movement, or as a result of stimulated reflexes.
The flexion synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist and finger flexion.
The extension synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular protraction, shoulder adduction and internal rotation, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and wrist and finger flexion.
The flexion synergy for the lower extremity includes hip flexion, abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and inversion and toe dorsiflexion.
The extension synergy for the lower extremity includes hip extension, adduction and internal rotation, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion and inversion, and toe plantar flexion.
Note that some muscles are not usually involved in these synergy patterns and include the lattisimus dorsi, teres major, serratus anterior, finger extensors, and ankle evertors.
# Occupation of Kharkiv

Occupation of Kharkiv may refer to:
* Occupation of Kharkiv (1917), occupied by Russian Bolsheviks during the Ukrainian-Soviet War
* German occupation of Kharkiv, occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II
* Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast, occupied by Russia during its 2022 invasion of Ukraine
# Official Historian of Puerto Rico

Pursuant to a law approved in 1903, "An Act for the Approval and Conservation of Certain Historical Data of Puerto Rico", the Puerto Rico Legislature created the Office of the Official Historian of Puerto Rico. The historians who held the position during the early decades of the 20th century included Francisco Mariano Quiñones, Salvador Brau y Asencio, Dr. Cayetano Coll y Toste, Mariano Abril and Adolfo de Hostos. The office remained vacant until 1993, when then Sen. Kenneth McClintock authored a measure to reestablish the office. Upon its approval, Senate President Roberto Rexach Benítez and House Speaker Zaida Hernández Torres appointed Dr. Pilar Barbosa as the first Official Historian in the office's "modern era". The first female to hold the job, she held it until her death in 1997. At that time, Senate President Charlie Rodríguez and House Speaker Edison Misla Aldarondo appointed Dr. Luis González Vale, the latest incumbent. Since Dr. González-Vale's death in 2023, the position has remained vacant.
Under Dr. González Vale's leadership, the office collaborated on multiple publications, including the letters of Resident Commissioner Félix Córdova Dávila, and several works regarding Puerto Rico's military history. In 2005, in collaboration with Puerto Rico's Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities, his office published an eight-book "We, the People" Puerto Rican Series of books regarding the history of Puerto Rico during the first 30 years of US sovereignty.
Dr. González Vale was invited to testify as a non-partisan witness at hearings held by the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Insular Affairs on legislation regarding Puerto Rico's future political relationship with the United States. Luis González Vales died on October 23, 2023, at the age of 93.
# Théophile Moreux

Théophile Moreux (20 November 1867 – 13 July 1954) was a French astronomer and meteorologist.

## Life

Moreux was born at Argent-sur-Sauldre, Cher on 20 November 1867. He initiated the Bourges Observatory at the seminary St Célestin at Bourges, where he was a professor of science and mathematics. He observed surface features of the Moon and Mars. He published star maps and investigated the possibility of life on other planets and moons. He was critical of Percival Lowell's theory of intelligent life on Mars. During 1922 he published a review of astronomical theories and techniques (La Revue Du Ciel). Moreux died at Bourges on 13 July 1954.
The Moreux crater on Mars was named in his honor.

## Works

* Théophile Moreux (1926). Astronomy to-day. E. P. Dutton and company.
# Offset figure-eight bend

The offset figure-eight bend is a poor knot that has been implicated in the deaths of several rock climbers. The knot may capsize (invert) under load, as shown in the figure, and this can happen repeatedly. Each inversion reduces the lengths of the tails. Once the tails are used up completely, the knot comes undone.
More secure knots for this purpose are the Flemish bend (the "figure eight bend"), (doubled) offset overhand bend, or double fisherman's knot.
# Vortex power

Vortex power is a form of hydro power which generates energy by placing obstacles in rivers and oceans to cause the formation of vortices which can then be tapped into a usable form of energy such as electricity. An example of this method has been created by a team at the University of Michigan who call the technology VIVACE or Vortex Induced Vibrations Aquatic Clean Energy. This technology has an expected life span of 10-20 years, which could meet life cycle cost targets.

## Environmental impacts

As of right now, this technology seems to be nonpolluting and low maintenance. In addition, it does not have any major impact on wildlife such as fish or other animals. This form of power is still in the developmental research stage and is currently undergoing optimization experiments before it can be implemented.
# Xiang Zhizhuang

Xiang Zhizhuang (traditional Chinese: 項致莊; simplified Chinese: 项致庄; pinyin: Xiàng Zhìzhuāng; 1894 – November 26, 1946) was a military person in the Republic of China. He belonged to the National Revolutionary Army. In the end, he participated in the Wang Jingwei regime. His real name was Zongyu (宗羽) or Yu (羽). His former art-name was Zhizhuang (志壯), later changed to Zhizhuang. He was born in Hangzhou.

## Biography

In 1914, Xiang Zhizhuang entered the Baoding Military Academy's Artillery Department in the 2nd period. In May 1916, he graduated from this school.
In the National Revolutionary Army, Xiang Zhizhuang successively held the positions of chief of the Staff Office of the Headquarters of the 26th Route Army, commander of the 1st Artillery Brigade of the 1st instructing Division and commander of the Artillery Brigade of the Patrol Army in the Nationalist Government. In June 1932, he was appointed superintendent of education at the Artillery School, Ministry for Military Administration. Next July, he became the Councilor of the Ministry for Inspection of Training. In November, he worked as the chief of the Security Office etc. in Jiangsu. In November 1936, he was bestowed the rank of major general.
In November 1942, Xiang Zhizhuang escaped from the Chongqing National Government, and surrendered to the Wang Jingwei regime in Nanjing. In February 1943, he became a Member of the Military Committee. In April, he was appointed Vice-Chief of the General Staff of the Military Committee and Chief of the General Affairs Agency. In December, he also held the office of Commander of the 5th Group Army.
In February 1944, Xiang Zhizhuang was appointed Chief of the General Office of Colonization in Northern Jiangsu (蘇北屯總墾署署長). In June, he became Commander of the 12th Army. In September, he was appointed Governor and Commander of Security in Zhejiang Province, as well as Chief Security Officer of Hanzhou (杭州綏靖主任公署主任). Next May, he was appointed Member of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, and became Governor of Jiangsu Province.
After the Wang Jingwei regime had collapsed, Xiang Zhizhuang hid in Shanghai, but on September 27, 1945, he was arrested by the Chiang Kai-shek's National Government. He was convicted of treason and surrendering to the enemy (namely Hanjian) and sentenced to death by a military tribunal. He was executed by firing squad at Shanghai on November 26, 1946.

## Alma mater

Baoding Military Academy
# Long Blue Line

The phrase "Long Blue Line" may refer to:

## Collegiate alumni

* Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio
* United States Air Force Academy, Colorado
* United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut

## Secondary school alumni

* St. Xavier High School, Cincinnati, Ohio (see List of St. Xavier High School (Ohio) people)

## Other uses

* An episode in season 6 of Cold Case, an American television series
* The Troopers Drum and Bugle Corps
# Morchella prava

Morchella prava is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae described as new to science in 2012. It is found in the range 43–50°N across North America, where it fruits from April to June.