OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valley of the Moon Natural History Association

The Valley of the Moon Natural History Association (VMNHA) is a 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization based in Sonoma County, CA which cares for the Jack London, Annadel and Sugarloaf Ridge State Parks.

## History

The Valley of the Moon Natural History Association was established in 1977. The Association’s first newsletter came out in 1982 under the banner of Moonletter and has been going ever since. The mid 1980s saw the formation of the inaugural Docent Council, which has since grown to over 100 active volunteers, as well as the Jack London Beauty Ranch Restoration Committee, which put on community consciousness- and fund-raising festivals and lobbied Sacramento HQ to produce a General Plan for Jack London State Historic Park twenty years ahead of schedule, thus enabling physical restoration to begin. As a result, by the end of 2006 London’s Cottage, a completely refurnished historic house museum, was opened to the public.
Other projects embarked on by the VMNHA since the 1990s include a museum exhibit of the Cruise of the Snark and funding the “Wolf House Express” golf carts to help State Parks meet its mandated obligation to provide disabled access to key interpretive sites within the park.
Photography and fine arts field seminars, piano recitals on Charmian London’s Steinway to raise money to restore it, storytelling and dramatic presentations by Jack London portrayers were all sponsored by the VMNHA. While Jack London’s empty and partially restored Cottage awaited its final infusion of state funds VMNHA docents designed and executed an extensive photographic display funded by the Association that kept alive the building’s significance in the Beauty Ranch story.
From 2000 on, the VMNHA has played a key role in providing monetary support for training, coordination and recognition of docents, volunteer trail maintenance, Cottage staffing, Earth Day projects, and a series of exhibit shelters and displays at Annadel and Jack London Parks. The contents of the displays on London’s ranch and inside the House of Happy Walls, produced by a team of volunteers from the Board working with the park staff and partly funded by the Sonoma County Landmarks Commission, are the result of hundreds of hours of donated labor.
In 2010, the organization published a book about Jack London's Wolf House.
# VZ

Vz or VZ may refer to:
People:
Businesses and brands:
* VZ Holding, a Swiss financial service company
* Toyota VZ engine A series of V6 engines
* Holden VZ Commodore, a model of GM Holden's Commodore produced from 2004 to 2006
* Thai Vietjet Air (current airline, IATA code VZ)
* MyTravel Airways (former airline, IATA code VZ)
* Verizon Communications (NYSE stock symbol VZ)
* VodafoneZiggo, a Dutch telecommunications company owned by Liberty Global and Vodafone Group
Other uses:
* Varaždin, Croatia (license plate code VZ)
* Veer-Zaara, a Bollywood film
* Virtualization, typically of computer systems
* Vorzugsaktie, a German abbreviation for Preferred stock
# Vanadium(III) bromide

Vanadium(III) bromide, also known as vanadium tribromide, describes the inorganic compounds with the formula VBr$_3$ and its hydrates. The anhydrous material is a green-black solid. In terms of its structure, the compound is polymeric with octahedral vanadium(III) surrounded by six bromide ligands.

## Preparation

VBr$_3$ has been prepared by treatment of vanadium tetrachloride with hydrogen bromide:
       2 VCl$_4$ + 8 HBr → 2 VBr$_3$ + 8 HCl + Br$_2$
The reaction proceeds via the unstable vanadium(IV) bromide (VBr$_4$), which releases Br$_2$ near room temperature.
It is also possible to prepare vanadium(III) bromide by reacting bromine with vanadium or ferrovanadine:
       2 V + 3 Br$_2$ → 2 VBr$_3$
       2 VFe + 6 Br$_2$ → 2 VBr$_3$ + FeBr$_3$

## Properties
### Physical

Vanadium(III) bromide is present in the form of black, leafy, very hygroscopic crystals with a sometimes greenish sheen. It is soluble in water with green color. Its crystal structure is isotypic to that of vanadium(III) chloride with space group R3c (space group no. 167), a = 6.400 Å, c = 18.53 Å. When heated to temperatures of around 500 °C, a violet gas phase is formed, from which, under suitable conditions, red vanadium(IV) bromide can be separated by rapid cooling, which decomposes at −23 °C.

### Chemical

Like vanadium(III) chloride, vanadium(III) bromide forms red-brown soluble complexes with dimethoxyethane and THF, such as mer-VBr$_3$(THF)$_3$.
Aqueous solutions prepared from VBr$_3$ contain the cation trans-[VBr$_2$(H$_2$O)$_4$]$^+$. Evaporation of these solutions give the salt trans-[VBr$_2$(H$_2$O)$_4$]Br$^.$(H$_2$O)$_2$.
# Vanadium(II) iodide

Vanadium(II) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula VI$_2$. It is a black micaceous solid. It adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral V(II) centers. The hexahydrate [V(H$_2$O)$_6$]I$_2$, an aquo complex, is also known. It forms red-violet crystals. The hexahydrate dehydrates under vacuum to give a red-brown tetrahydrate with the formula V(H$_2$O)$_4$I$_2$.

## Preparation

The original synthesis of VI$_2$ involved reaction of the elements.
Solvated vanadium(II) iodides can be prepared by reduction of vanadium(III) chlorides with trimethylsilyl iodide. It reacts with anhydrous ammonia to give the hexaammine complex.
# Vanadium(II) chloride

Vanadium(II) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl$_2$, and is the most reduced vanadium chloride. Vanadium(II) chloride is an apple-green solid that dissolves in water to give purple solutions.

## Preparation, properties, and related compounds

Solid VCl$_2$ is prepared by thermal decomposition of VCl$_3$, which leaves a residue of VCl$_2$:
    2 VCl$_3$ → VCl$_2$ + VCl$_4$
VCl$_2$ dissolves in water to give the purple hexaaquo ion [V(H$_2$O)$_6$]$^{2+}$. Evaporation of such solutions produces crystals of [V(H$_2$O)$_6$]Cl$_2$.
Vanadium dichloride is used as a specialty reductant in organic chemistry. As an aqueous solution, it converts cyclohexylnitrate to cyclohexanone. It reduces phenyl azide into aniline.

## Structure

Solid VCl$_2$ adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral coordination geometry. VBr$_2$ and VI$_2$ are structurally and chemically similar to the dichloride. All have the d$^3$ configuration, with a quartet ground state, akin to Cr(III).
# Vapotherm

Vapotherm Inc. is a publicly held corporation based in Exeter, New Hampshire that was founded in 1999 as a medical device manufacturer after creating the first heated and humidified high flow therapy nasal cannula system.

## Vapotherm Precision Flow

In 2009, Vapotherm released a new flagship product replacing the Vapotherm 2000i (that had been recalled in 2005, and then re-approved for use in the market in 2006); boasting a completely integrated electronic flow meter and electronic blender, as well as an internal oxygen analyzer. The Precision Flow is currently Vapotherm's flagship capital unit and is the premier medical device for providing high flow therapy.

### Precision Flow Heliox

Through an agreement with Praxair, Vapotherm provides a Precision Flow model specially calibrated specifically for 80:20 heliox gas for use in patients who may benefit from heliox therapy.

## Vapotherm Q50 Compressor

In November 2015 Vapotherm announced its own model of medical air compressor, specifically to be used with their flagship Precision Flow device.

## Vapotherm 2000i
### Recall controversy

In 2005, contaminated Vapotherm 2000i respiratory gas humidification devices were associated with an outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteria in children in the United States. Vapotherm issued a recall of all 2000i devices on 13 October 2005. Vapotherm worked with the CDC and FDA to revise the operating manual and reduce risk to patients, and the 2000i was reintroduced on 1 February 2007.
# Vangelis Rides Again

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Vangelis Rides Again is a 2015 studio album by Marshmallow Coast, their ninth overall.

## Track listing

The tracks are:-
# Varanus rasmusseni

Varanus rasmusseni is a species of monitor lizard. It is found in the Philippine islands of Tawi-Tawi, Jolo, and Bitinan islands, in the Sulu Archipelago.
# Vasukra

Vásukra is a rishi with patronymic Aindra, author of RV 10.27, 29, and part of 28, and the name of another rishi, son of Vasishtha, author of two verses, RV 9.97.28-30.
Vásukrapatnī "wife of Vaskura" is the name of the author of the verse RV 10.28.1.
# Vatica cauliflora

Vatica cauliflora is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. It is a critically endangered species threatened by habitat loss.
# Veaceslav Zagaevschi

Veaceslav Zagaevschi (born 4 April 1996) is a Moldovan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Football career

Zagaevschi made his professional debut for Zimbru in the Divizia Națională on 6 May 2016 against Zaria Bălți, coming on as a 38th-minute substitute.
# Velilla

Velilla is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 138 inhabitants.
# Vempa

Vempa is a village of Bhimavaram mandal in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
16°27′N 81°35′E﻿ / ﻿16.450°N 81.583°E﻿ / 16.450; 81.583
* This article about a location in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Venado

Venado may refer to:
* Venado, California
* Venado, San Carlos, Costa Rica
* Venado, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
* Venado, a supercomputer at Los Alamos National Laboratory
* Venado Peak, mountain after which the supercomputer is named
# Vengeance (1970 film)

Vengeance (報仇; original Hong Kong title, Bao chou) is a 1970 kung fu film directed by Chang Cheh, and starring David Chiang, Wang Ping and Ti Lung. The film is set in Peking in 1925, and centers on a revenge plight of Chiang. The movie has little actual kung fu and instead is heavily laden with knife fighting and judo.
At the 16th Asian Film Festival, Director Chang Cheh won the Best Director Award, David Chiang won the Best Actor Award and received Asia's first Movie King Award, and Vengeance went on to win the Best Movie Award and the Iron Triangle.
# Vesna Škare-Ožbolt

Vesna Škare-Ožbolt (Croatian pronunciation:; born 20 June 1961) is a Croatian politician. She was the 10th Minister of Justice of Croatia from 2003 until 2006. She was the second female holder of that office, as well as the second consecutive woman after Ingrid Antičević-Marinović.

## Career

Before the first democratic elections in 1990, she worked in Croatian judiciary. In the 1990s she joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and became one of the advisors to President Franjo Tuđman.
In the late 1990s she handled negotiations leading to the peaceful integration of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia into Croatia. After the defeat of the HDZ party in the 2000 parliamentary elections, Škare-Ožbolt, widely perceived as a moderate, left that party and followed Mate Granić to newly formed Democratic Centre (DC).
Three years later, she won a seat in Parliament (Sabor), which turned out to be the only one for the DC Party. After Granić resigned she took the leadership of DC and joined the government of Ivo Sanader as the minister of justice. She was the only non-HDZ minister in Sanader's cabinet.
The Croatian judiciary has generally been perceived as one of the most corrupt and most inefficient branches of government. Škare-Ožbolt launched a highly publicised drive for reform, most notably by trying to digitalise the land registries, which have been notoriously inaccessible.
On 10 February 2006, Sanader dismissed Škare-Ožbolt and replaced her with Ana Lovrin, an HDZ member. Škare-Ožbolt's party failed to get any seats at the November 2007 parliamentary elections. In summer of 2009 she announced her candidacy in the 2009–10 Croatian presidential election. She won 1.89% of the vote in the first round and was eliminated.
# Vesneri

Vesneri is a village in Tartu Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.
Vesneri is home to Weisner Park and Alley (Vesner Park and Boulevard) which is a small wooded area containing houses and an unnamed road.
# Vermilacinia flaccescens

Vermilacinia flaccescens is a fruticose lichen that grows on cacti and shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of South America, Peru, Chile and in the Juan Fernandez Islands The epithet is in reference to the flaccid thallus but some specimens have been interpreted to have rigid branches.

## Distinguishing Features

Vermilacinia flaccescens is classified in the subgenus Cylindricaria in which it is distinguished from related species by the thallus divided into long subcylindrical branches and by containing the lichen substance methyl 3,5 dichlorolecanorate, with or without zeorin and/or (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane.

## Taxonomic History

Vermilacinia flaccescens was first described by William Nylander in 1870 as a species of Ramalina. It was transferred to the genus Desmazieria in 1969, to Niebla in 1978, and to Vermilacinia in 1995. R. Heber Howe, Jr. in 1913 indicated that a specimen collected by Edward Palmer at San Diego might belong to V. flaccescens; however, his reference to Nylander’s description of the “lacunose” branches indicates it was probably V. corrugata as further supported by study of a specimen labeled Palmer 269b at the United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution.
# Velvet painting

A velvet painting is a type of painting distinguished by the use of velvet (usually black velvet) as the support, in place of canvas, paper, or similar materials. The velvet provides an especially dark background against which colors stand out.
Velvet painting is an ancient technique, and took on a new popularity in the United States in the late 20th century.

## Early history

Black velvet paintings originated in Kashmir, the homeland of the fabric. These original paintings were generally religious and portrayed the icons of the Caucasus region which were painted by Russian Orthodox priests. Marco Polo and others introduced black velvet paintings to Western Europe, and some of these early works still hang in the Vatican Museums.

## Modern history

The paintings are widely sold in rural America, and frequently have kitsch themes. They often depict images of Elvis Presley (see Velvet Elvis), Dale Earnhardt, John Wayne, Jesus, Native Americans, dogs playing poker, wolves, and cowboys, and the colors are often bright and vivid to contrast the dark velvet. They can also include more exotic or avant-garde themes.
Edgar Leeteg (1904–1953), often considered the father of American velvet painting, did his best works between 1933 and 1953.
Ciudad Juárez, Mexico was a center of velvet painting in the 1970s. A displaced Georgia farmboy, Doyle Harden, was the pioneer who created an enormous factory, where velvets were turned out by the thousands by artists sitting in studios. One artist would paint one piece of the picture, then slide the velvet along to the next artist, who would add something else. Velvet paintings mass-produced by hand in this manner fueled the boom in velvet paintings in the 1970s in the United States. Edgar Leeteg has been called "the father of American black velvet kitsch".
In Portland, Oregon, a museum devoted solely to velvet paintings, the Velveteria, operated from late 2005 to January 2010. It reopened in December 2013 in the Chinatown neighborhood of Los Angeles.
# Version

Version may refer to:

## Computing

* Software version, a set of numbers that identify a unique evolution of a computer program
* VERSION (CONFIG.SYS directive), a configuration directive in FreeDOS

## Music

* Cover version
* Dub version
* Remix
* Version (album), a 2007 album by Mark Ronson
* Versions (Poison the Well album), 2007
* Versions (Thievery Corporation album), 2006
* Versions (MYMP album), 2005
* Versions (Robby Krieger album), 1982
* Versions (Zola Jesus album), 2013

## Other

* Version (eye)
* External cephalic version
* Versions of the Bible
* Version (probability theory), a modification of a stochastic process
# Vento Chiaro

Vento Chiaro is a wind quintet founded in 1997 at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, Maryland and now based in the greater Boston area.

## History

The quintet was founded in 1997 by flautist Johanna Goldstein at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, Maryland. It relocated to the Boston area in 1999 when it became the ensemble-in-residence the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since 2002 it has served on the faculty of the Boston University Tanglewood Institute's Young Artists Wind Ensemble. In 2008, the ensemble released their debut recording, Vento Chiaro: Music for Wind Quintet on Ongaku Records.

## Members

The current members of Vento Chiaro are:
* Ona Jonaityte (flute)
* Elizabeth England (oboe)
* Chi-Ju Juliet Lai (clarinet)
* Sam Childers (bassoon)
* Anne Howarth (horn)

## Awards

* Saunderson Award at the Coleman Chamber Music Competition.
* Silver Medal at the Fischoff National Chamber Music Competition in 2000.
# Veprecula vepratica

Veprecula vepratica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 3.5 mm and 12 mm.
(Original description) The small, thin, slender shell is fusiform and prickly. The spire is pagodiform. Its colour is uniform pale brown. The shell contains six whorls, plus a five-whorled embryonic protoconch.
Sculpture: except the prickles and the ridges, the whole surface is microscopically granulated. Ten sharp projecting radial ribs, interrupted by the broad anal fasciole, ascend the spire obliquely. Along the periphery of each whorl runs a broad spiral shelf, beneath it are two similar but lesser spirals, the lowest of which is half buried in the suture, and above it are three rapidly and successively diminishing spirals. These radials and spirals enclose deeply sunk lozenges, at the point of intersection upwardly directed prickles arise. The anal fasciole is marked with crescentic striae. On the base and siphonal canal are a dozen spiral threads.
The apex of five whorls is sharply differentiated from the adult shell, sculptured with close delicate, crenulate, radial riblets. Slit sutural, broad and deep. The aperture is pyriform, narrowing gradually to the siphonal canal. The outer lip is sharp. There is no callus on the columella. The siphonal canal is very long, open and sinuate.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Persian Gulf and off Japan; off New South Wales, Australia.
# Veprecula vacillata

Veprecula vacillata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Subspecies: Veprecula vacillata paucicostata Hedley, 1922

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5.5 mm, its diameter 2 mm.
(Original description) The small, acuminate shell is excavate at the base and below the suture. Its colour is buff, sometimes suffused with chocolate.
An acicular protoconch of three whorls is followed by five adult whorls.
Sculpture: Deep square meshes are enclosed by radial and spiral cords, with small prickles at the point of intersection. Both the radials and the spirals vary in their development. On the body whorl there may be from nine to twelve radials, and from fifteen to eighteen spirals. On the upper whorl there are from three to five spirals, the peripheral one dominating.
Aperture :—The anal sulcus is sutural and rather deep. The outer lip is dentate by the projection of the spirals. The siphonal canal is rather long and straight.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Queensland and in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
# Vice Chief of the Army Staff

Vice Chief of the Army Staff may refer to:
* Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India), the second highest ranking army officer
* Vice Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan), the second-in-command of the army
# Victor Corces

Victor Corces (born August 16, 1952, in Asturias, Spain) is a professor of human genetics at Emory University. His work has focused on understanding the mechanisms by which chromosomes are folded in the three-dimensional nuclear space. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences for pioneering work in epigenetics, genomics, and computational biology. He is a member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.
# Victor L. Littig

Victor Louis Littig (December 7, 1873 – July 13, 1936) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of North Dakota in 1900.
Littig played college football at the University of Iowa. He served as the first football coach at Davenport High School.
In 1916, Littig coach the Davenport Athletic Club team to a 7–2–1 record despite enduring a player revolt.
# Victorian Ports Corporation (Melbourne)

The Victorian Ports Corporation (Melbourne) (VPCM) is a statutory authority of the Government of Victoria created to succeed the Port of Melbourne Corporation as the government regulator of shipping in Port Phillip Bay after the lease of the Port of Melbourne in 2016. In 2021, it was merged with the Victorian Regional Channels Authority into a new agency, Ports Victoria.

## History

In mid-2015, the government of Premier Daniel Andrews announced that the Port of Melbourne would be leased to a private operator, in order to fund a program of level crossing removals, with the government remaining the landowner.
In August 2016, with negotiations on the lease underway, the Victorian Ports Corporation (Melbourne) was introduced as the agency which would perform the government's remaining functions in the operation of the port, including management of the shipping channels in Port Phillip Bay, waterside emergency services, and the operation of the Station Pier facility for cruise shipping. The government appointed Rachel Johnson, formerly of Transport for NSW as the VPCM's inaugural chief executive officer and announced that she would report to the Port of Melbourne Corporation until it was privatised. On 19 September, the government finalised the 50-year lease of the port to a corporation comprising the Queensland Investment Corporation, the Future Fund of the Australian government, the Canadian firm OMERS and the United States fund manager Global Infrastructure Partners for an upfront payment of A$9,700,000,000.
Minister for Ports Luke Donnellan announced the appointment of a board of directors on 3 November 2016.
With the establishment of Transport for Victoria in mid-2017, VPCM became one of its subsidiary agencies. In May 2017, after the release of a report by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau into the breakaway of the Spirit of Tasmania II from its moorings at Station Pier, the VPCM announced a new weather warnings service on its traffic management radio channel.
The role of VPCM was examined by a review of the Victorian port system in 2020. In March 2021, the state government announced that VPCM would be merged with the Victorian Regional Channels Authority into a new agency, Ports Victoria, to provide channel management and regulatory services across all Victoria's commercial ports.

## Operations

The VPCM is required to promote and market the Port of Melbourne, in addition to its function as the regulator and provider of navigation services within the port. This role includes the employment of a Harbourmaster to oversee port operations, and the engagement of other maritime contractors.
# Viejo Arroyo Hondo

Viejo Arroyo Hondo is a Sector in the city of Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic. This neighborhood is in particular populated by individuals from the upper middle class.

## Sources

* Distrito Nacional sectors
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Viejo smoking

Viejo smocking (English title: Old dinner jacket) is a 1930 Argentine short musical film directed and written by Eduardo Morera, based on a play by Florencio Chiarello. It stars Carlos Gardel and Inés Murray.

## Cast

* Carlos Gardel as El inquilino
* Inés Murray as Manuela
* César Fiaschi as El amigo
* Francisco Canaro