OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilketalia

Wilketalia is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Wilketalia citrinoides, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen found in the Bolivian Andes.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was initially described as Andina citrinoides by Karina Wilk and Robert Lücking in 2021. The original naming of the genus Andina was based on molecular phylogenetic studies and the revision of South American representatives of Teloschistaceae. The genus Andina was later deemed illegitimate due to its homonymy with earlier established genera in the families Orchidaceae and Pottiaceae. In 2022, Sergey Kondratyuk proposed the new replacement name Wilketalia, in honour of Karina Wilk and her colleagues, for the species originally named Andina citrinoides.

## Description

Wilketalia citrinoides is characterized by its areolate (cracked) and sorediate (producing soredia for reproduction) thallus. The thallus has a striking yellow to yellow-orange colouration, reminiscent of Flavoplaca citrina, but is distinguishable by its smaller soredia, measuring 20–50 μm in diameter, and its initially circular soralia. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) have not been observed in this species.
The thallus of Wilketalia citrinoides is approximately 100 μm thick and presents an irregular outline. The areoles are scattered to continuous and range from 0.2 to 0.6 mm in width. These areoles can be flat to convex and have an entire or crenate (scalloped) margin. The surface of the areoles may show a slight white pruinosity (powdery appearance) and is smooth, often breaking down into soredia. The vegetative propagules, primarily the soredia, are abundant and spread in irregular patterns, initially laminal (on the surface) and erumpent (breaking through the cortex) soralia that are more or less round, measuring 0.15 to 0.2 mm in diameter.
The prothallus, or the area surrounding the areoles, is sometimes present but inconspicuous and shares the colour of the thallus. The cortex of the thallus is thin, ranging from 5 to 17 μm, and is made up of a paraplectenchymatous tissue (composed of irregularly arranged cells). There is no necral layer (dead cell layer), and anthraquinone pigments are present. The algal layer within the thallus is continuous, with the photobiont being trebouxioid (a type of green algae), with spheircal cells 5–15 μm in diameter. Pycnidia (asexual reproductive structures) are few, with an ostiole (opening) that is orange and more or less immersed, though indistinct. The conidia (asexual spores) produced are ovoid, measuring 2–4 by 1–1.5 μm.

## Habitat and distribution

Wilketalia citrinoides typically occurs on rocky slopes, particularly in areas with sparse Polylepis forests. This lichen favours siliceous rock surfaces in humid environments. It thrives at high altitudes, approximately around 3,700 m (12,100 ft). The known distribution of the lichen is confined to the Andes mountain range in Bolivia.
# Willa Baum

Willa Klug Baum (October 4, 1926 – May 18, 2006) was an American oral historian whose pioneering work in oral history methodology and interview techniques served as the foundation for the establishment of oral history as a discipline.
Born in Chicago, Baum attended Whittier College, studying history under Professor Paul Smith, who once called Willa his second-best student ever, after Richard Nixon. During her graduate studies at U.C. Berkeley, Baum learned of Hubert Howe Bancroft's interviews conducted in the 1860s and 1870s. Recognizing the historical value of these accounts, Baum and fellow graduate student Corinne Lathrop Gilb set up an Oral History program at U.C. Berkeley, which later became the Regional Oral History Office. Baum became the director in 1958, a position she held until her retirement in 2000.
Under Baum's directorship, ROHO amassed over 1,600 oral histories, filled with first-hand accounts of the participants in significant historical events in California and the West. These eyewitness accounts of history are on deposit at over 800 libraries worldwide, and stand as an invaluable resource to researchers worldwide.
ROHO worked quickly to recognize and document historical movements; for example, ROHO's Suffragists and Women in Politics series began in the early 1970s before most campuses had women's studies programs. Similarly, ROHO's early documentation of the disability rights movement now provides primary research materials for the new disability studies program at UC Berkeley.
Ongoing ROHO projects include oral histories of the wine industry, mining, the environmental movement, the Disability Rights Movement, the Free Speech movement, anthropology, UC history, engineering, science, biotechnology, music, architecture, and the arts. ROHO's largest projects document California government from the Earl Warren Era to the present.
Upon her retirement, Baum was bestowed the Berkeley Citation for her service to UC Berkeley, the President's Citation for her contributions to the University of California, and the Hubert Howe Bancroft Award for her leadership.
# William Forbes (Lower Canada politician)

William Forbes (July 21, 1787 – November 22, 1814) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented York in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1814.
He was born Guillaume Forbes in Rivière-du-Loup, the son of John Forbes, a native of Scotland, and Ann McDonell. Forbes established himself in business at Vaudreuil. He received a contract to supply wood to the army during the War of 1812. In the summer of 1814, Forbes was involved in transporting goods for the army from Montreal to Kingston. He died in office in Montreal at the age of 27.
# Yellow shiner

The yellow shiner (Notropis calientis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Notropis. It is endemic to Mexico where it is found in the Rio Lerma - Rio Grande de Santiago and Rio Pánuco in central Mexico. It forms a species complex within the genus Notropis with the Ameca shiner and the now-extinct Durango shiner.

## Description

The yellow Shiner is a small fish with a deep, broad body which is at its deepest just in front of the origin of the dorsal fin and which has an extended caudal peduncle which is twice as long as it is deep. It has a brown back with a silver belly, the difference between the two being quite marked, although there is a subtle dark band running from the snout to the caudal peduncle which is darker at its ends. The females have deeper bodies and are darker than the males. It has a whitish chin and the caudal fin and dorsal fin are dusky in color while the other fins are lighter. Their color changes to a brilliant, golden-yellow in the breeding season. The snout is blunt and rather rounded, they have small eyes, and an oblique terminal mouth which contains a few small hooked teeth. The anal fin has seven or eight rays; the dorsal fin has nine rays, with the second, third, and fourth rays being longer than the others; the caudal fin is forked with rounded lobes. All of the fins are rather rounded in shape. The lateral line is incomplete and ends at the rear edge of the pectoral fins. The body is covered with large scales. These fish grow to a maximum length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) and the females are larger than the males.

## Distribution and habitat

The yellow shiner is endemic to Mexico where it is found on the western Mexican Plateau where it is a widespread species being found on the drainage systems of the Rio Lerma, Rio Grande de Santiago, Rio Pánuco, and Lake Cuitzeo. In this region they occur in springs, spring fed lakes and small mountain streams.

## Biology

The behaviour of yellow shiners is almost unknown and more research is required.

## Conservation

The yellow shiner has not been evaluated by the IUCN's The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species but it should be considered as near threatened as there has been a considerable degradation in habitat quality in the 20th Century and they are preyed upon by a number of species of introduced fish including guppies, tilapia, sunfish and species of black bass. The Durango shiner, a close relative to the yellow shiner with a highly restricted range, is considered to be extinct.
# William Blake (outlaw)

William "Tulsa Jack" Blake (c. 1859 - April 4, 1895) was an American outlaw of the Old West, and member of the Wild Bunch gang. He had been a cowboy in Kansas through the 1880s, before drifting into Oklahoma Territory, where in 1892 he met outlaw Bill Doolin, and joined Doolin's Wild Bunch gang, sometimes called the Oklahombres, or the Doolin-Dalton Gang.

## Background

On the night of April 3, 1895 this gang decided to rob a southbound Rock Island train. The five of them stormed the train and ordered it to be opened. When messenger J.W. Jones refused they fired 20 rounds into the car. Jones didn't give up his hold until random bullets got him in the wrist and leg. By orders of the conductor, who was worried they would kill the passengers, he let the bandits in the train.
They stormed on with guns drawn ready to kill anyone who got in their way. "Tulsa Jack" and "Red Buck" were put in charge of patrolling the passenger cars while the others watched the safe in the front of the train. Tulsa and Red pushed the train porter to pick up an empty grain sack and pillage the passengers of their wallets, watches, and jewelry. "Tulsa Jack" had a gun to his back and "Red Buck" walked behind to make sure they were covered. They made off with $400 in cash, and some other goods and rode off into the night.
They were on the run for most of the night, just slipping away from the law. By the next afternoon, they had been spotted by William Banks and six other men. Not bothering to hide on their path home, "Tulsa Jack" and the others of the gang were taking a break with their horses. When the law tried to call out to them "Tulsa" fired a shot in their direction.

## Final years and death

He took part in numerous bank robberies and train robberies, and was a key figure during the gang's shootout with US Marshals in Ingalls, Oklahoma in September 1893, during which three Deputy Marshals were killed. On April 4, 1895, Blake was tracked to a hideout in Major County, Oklahoma, by a posse led by Deputy Marshal William Bartling Murrill. During a fierce gun-battle that lasted over 45 minutes, Blake at first held the Marshals off. However, as he broke cover to flee, he was shot and killed by Deputy Marshal William Bartling Murrill. His death marked the beginning of the downfall of the Wild Bunch Gang.
# William Bolling

William Bolling may refer to:
* Bill Bolling (born 1957), Republican Lieutenant Governor of the US State of Virginia
* William Bolling (British politician) (1785–1848), British Tory (and later Conservative) Member of Parliament for Bolton 1832–1841 and 1847–1848
# William Bolt

William Mouat Bolt (1838 – 29 April 1907) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council. He was a council member from 15 October 1892 to 15 October 1899; 16 October 1899 to 15 October 1906; and 16 October 1906 to 29 April 1907, when he died aged 68 years. He was the president of the National Liberal Association.
He was from Dunedin.
# William Jeffrey (footballer)

William Walls Jeffrey (1866 – 25 August 1932) was an English footballer who played in defence for various teams, including Burnley, Woolwich Arsenal and Southampton St. Mary's in the 1890s.

## Football career

Jeffrey was born in Dalderby, near Horncastle, Lincolnshire. After a spell in Lancashire with West Manchester, Jeffrey played for several clubs in Lincolnshire, before returning to the north-west to join Burnley of the Football League in August 1891.
In the 1891–92 season, Jeffrey made seven appearances for the first team playing at right-back as Burnley finished seventh in the table. At this time, Burnley had a very large squad of players, including "nearly fifty Scotsmen", so the majority of their players had to content themselves by appearing in the reserve side. One of those Scotsmen was Tom Nicol, who made the No. 2 shirt his own in 1892–93 as a result of which, Jeffrey made no further first-team appearances for the Turf Moor club.
In June 1893, Jeffrey moved to London to join Woolwich Arsenal, playing in the Second Division. In his one season at the Manor Ground, Jeffrey played in either of the full-back positions, making a total of 31 appearances in all competitions.
In November 1894, Jeffrey was recruited by Southampton St. Mary's who had just embarked on the inaugural season of the newly formed Southern League. Jeffrey made his "Saints" debut, taking over from David Hamer, at left-back in a 2–2 draw against Millwall Athletic at the Antelope Ground. He soon formed a "strong partnership" with George Marshall and retained his place for the rest of the season, when Saints finished in third place, behind Millwall Athletic and Luton Town. Jeffrey also made two appearances in the FA Cup, helping Southampton reach the First round proper for the first time, going down 4–1 to Nottingham Forest of the First Division.
At the end of the season, Jeffrey left the Saints and disappeared into obscurity.
# William Bruce of Symbister

William Bruce of Symbister and Sumburgh (died 1624) was a Scottish landowner.
William Bruce was a relation of Laurence Bruce of Cultmalindie, Perthshire, who built Muness Castle on Unst. William Bruce's descendants built Symbister House at Symbister on Whalsay.
Lawrence Bruce was appointed "Foud" or Sherrif of Shetland in 1571, an administrator for his half-brother, the Earl of Orkney. William Bruce came to Shetland to work as his deputy or clerk.
Alexander Bruce of Cultmalindie married Jean Oliphant, a daughter of Lord Oliphant.
William Bruce married Marjorie or Margaret Stewart (died 1607), a daughter of John Stewart, Commendator of Coldingham and Jean Hepburn.
Marjorie Stewart's first husband was William Sinclair of Underhoull on Unst. He was a son of Olave Sinclair of Havera and Brow, the previous Foud of Shetland, who died in 1570. Another son of the Foud, Matthew Sinclair of Ness, was murdered in 1602.
William Bruce obtained lands at Sumburgh and Jarlshof in 1592. His wife Margaret Stewart died on 25 November 1607. Her will details their farm stock at Sumburgh and Symbister, and the wages owed to their farm workers and domestic servants.
His second wife was Isobella Spens, from a Fife family, a relation of the diplomat James Spens of Wormiston. He went to live in Fife in later life.
He died in 1624 was buried at Crail where his churchyard monument survives.
Andrew Bruce, a son of Isobella Spens, inherited his lands in Fife, and his half brother Robert Bruce inherited Symbister. Andrew Bruce bought an estate called Pittarthie near Dunino and married Elizabeth Bruce, a daughter of William Bruce of Earlshall.
# William Bromley-Davenport

William Bromley-Davenport may refer to:
* William Bromley-Davenport (1821–1884), British MP for Warwickshire North
* William Bromley-Davenport (British Army officer) (1862–1949), British soldier, footballer and Conservative politician
* William Bromley-Davenport (Lord Lieutenant) (born 1935), High Sheriff of Cheshire & Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire, 1990–2010
# Yoncapınar, Maden

Yoncapınar is a village in the Maden District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 29 (2021).
# William Denholm Kennedy

William Denholm Kennedy (16 June 1813- 2 June 1865) was a Scottish historical, genre and landscape painter.

## Life

William Denholm Kennedy, born at Dumfries on 16 June 1813, was educated in early life at Edinburgh. When seventeen years of age he came to London, and in 1833 entered the school of the Royal Academy. Here he began a lifelong friendship with William Etty, RA, who sensibly influenced his style as an artist. In 1833 he sent his first pictures to the Royal Academy, A Musical Party and The Toilet, and continued to exhibit there almost every year until his death. In 1835 he won the Academy gold medal for an historical painting, Apollo and Idas, and in 1840, being awarded the travelling allowance, went to Italy, where he spent two years in study at Rome. He returned with many sketches and studies of Italian scenery, and an Italian influence was subsequently visible in his work, especially in such pictures as The Bandit Mother, The Italian Goatherd, The Land of Poetry and Song, and others. Kennedy, however, failed to fulfil his early promise, and his work deteriorated. He died suddenly at his house in Soho Square on 2 June 1865.
Kennedy was a cultivated man, fond of music, and a good judge of etchings and engravings. His subjects for painting embraced almost everything except portraiture. He occasionally exhibited at the other leading exhibitions besides the Academy. He frequently assisted Thomas Willement with designs for stained glass, among others those for the windows in St. Stephen's, Walbrook, London.
# Yellow Jack (flag)

The Yellow Jack ("Quebec") signal flag, is a plain yellow banner that was historically used to signify a vessel was, or might be, harboring a dangerous disease and needed to be quarantined (the flag represents the letter “Q”).
A ship flying two Quebecs ("QQ"), or "Double Quebec", is signaling: "I require health clearance." In both cases, if and when free pratique is granted, the vessel may lower the Quebec(s), raise the national ensign of the port, and do business there. In the event that, for health reasons, the vessel is not granted free pratique, it continues to fly the Quebec, in effect indicating that it is in quarantine until such time as any health concern is resolved.
In international maritime signal flags, plain yellow, green, and black flags have been used to symbolize disease in ships and ports. The color yellow has a longer history. It was used to mark houses of infection prior to its maritime use.
Yellow jack also became a name for yellow fever. Cholera-infected ships also used a yellow flag.
The plain yellow flag ("Q" or "Quebec" in international maritime signal flags), may derive its letter symbol from its initial use in "quarantine".
In some Indonesian cities such as Jakarta, plain yellow flags are commonly used to mark a recent death, regardless of cause. They are placed in intersections leading to the home of the recently deceased as direction markers for mourners, and to mark the funeral convoy, so that it is given the right of way.
The Yellow Jack was also used to signify the time of execution of 2 Royal Navy Sailors condemned by a Court Martial. On the 7 Aug 1800 Portsmouth, at nine o'clock, a gun was fired on board the Royal William, at Spithead, and the yellow flag hoisted as a signal for executing J. Watson and J. Allen, who were condemned by a Court Martial as being concerned in the mutiny on board the Hermione. The signal being repeated, the yellow flag was hoisted on board the Puissant at Spithead, and the Braakel in the harbour, on board which ships they were executed, boats from all the ships at Spithead, manned and armed with marines, attended the Puissant as those in the Harbour did the Braakel.
# William Henry Leeds

William Henry Leeds (1786–1866) was an English architectural critic and journalist.

## Life

Leeds was born in 1786 in Norfolk. He was credited by John George Cochrane and others as one of the anonymous translators of the anthology of German short stories Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations (1823). Leeds was a frequent contributor to the Foreign Quarterly Review in the 1830s, writing for them on Russian literature as well as architecture. In the 1840s he wrote for the Westminster Review. From 1839 to 1854 he edited the Civil Engineer's and Architect's Journal, and from 1855 to 1856 edited Land and Building News.
He translated Georg Moller's Memorials of German Gothic architecture and edited a revised edition of Decorative Part of Civil Architecture by William Chambers.

## Works

* (transl.) Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations, London: W. Simpkin, R. Marshall and J. H. Bohte, 1823
* (transl.) Moller's Memorials of German-Gothic Architecture; with additional notes and illustrations from Stirglitz, etc., London: John Weale, 1836
* Illustrations of the public buildings of London: with descriptions of each edifice, 1838
* 'an essay on the present state of architectural study and the revival of the Italian style', published with Charles Barry's The Travellers' Club House (1839)
* Rudimentary architecture for the use of beginners and students. The orders, and their æsthetic principles, London, J. Weale, 1852
* (ed.) Decorative Part of Civil Architecture by William Chambers, 1866
# William Henry Leatham

William Henry Leatham (6 July 1815 – 14 November 1889) was a British banker, poet and Liberal politician.

## Life

He was a member of a Yorkshire Quaker family. His father was William Leatham, a banker from Heath, near Wakefield and his mother was Margaret née Walker of Leeds.
Leatham entered banking, working in Wakefield, Pontefract and Doncaster from 1836 to 1852. In 1839 he married Priscilla Gurney of Upton, West Ham. He was a justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and in 1870 was deputy chairman of the West Riding quarter sessions. He made his home at Hemsworth Hall, Pontefract.
Leatham was a poet and author, writing a collection of Poems in 1840, and Tales of English Life and Miscellanies.
Politically, he was described as an "advanced Whig", and first stood for election to parliament in at Wakefield in 1852, but failed to win the seat. He was subsequently elected as MP for Wakefield in 1859, but was unseated on petition. Six years later, he was again the Liberal candidate at Wakefield, and was elected as the town's Member of Parliament. He left the Commons in 1868. In 1874 he was again a parliamentary candidate, this time for the two-seat Southern Division of the West Riding, but failed to be elected. Six years later, in 1880, he was successfully returned to parliament for the constituency. In 1885 the seat was abolished, and Leatham left parliament.
His younger brother, Edward Aldam Leatham, was MP for Huddersfield.
W H Leatham died on 14 November 1889, aged 74.

## Family

He married in 1839 Priscilla, daughter of Samuel Gurney of Upton, Essex, and then settled at Sandal, near Wakefield, the subject of his poem, 'Sandal in the Olden Time.' A few years after their marriage, Leatham and his wife formally joined the church of England, purchasing in 1851 Hemsworth Hall, which passed into the possession of their eldest son, Samuel Gurney Leatham.

## Works

* Leatham, William Henry (1837). Poems (PDF). London: Longman. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
* Leatham, William Henry (1840). A traveller's thoughts; or, Lines suggested by a tour on the continent (PDF). London: Longman. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
* Leatham, William Henry (1838). The victim, a tale of the "Lake of the four cantons." (PDF). London: Longman. Retrieved 22 May 2009.