OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Île Frégate

Île Frégate is a small, uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea located off the north coast of Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France. Île Frégate is situated within the Nature Reserve of Saint Bartholomew, which was established in 1996 with the objective of conserving coral reefs, sea grass beds and marine life.

## Geography

Île Frégate is an uninhabited cay in the Caribbean. Situated north of Saint Barthélemy, it is one of its satellite islands. Due to its shape, Île Frégate has been described as "twin islets". It is the second northeasternmost of a series of islands, and lies between Île Chevreau and Île Toc Vers. Île Fregate is located 0.7 miles (1.1 km) to the west of Île Toc Vers, a "pointed islet." According to sailing information, traversing through the channel between the two islets should be avoided. Île Frégate is situated within the Réserve naturelle nationale de Saint-Barthélemy, which also includes Gros Îlets and Pain de Sucre; the waters surrounding the islets Fourchue, and Île Toc Vers; and part of Colombier bay. Situated on the windward side of the marine reserve, it is noted for sea life which can be viewed while snorkeling.

## Flora and fauna

The high islet features grass and bush flora. Its protected area measures 1,200 hectares (3,000 acres). Bird life on the island has included a frigatebird colony, although this has been significantly diminished due to the removal of bird eggs. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Iguana delicatissima or Lesser Antillean Green Iguana, and West Indian Iguana have been found on Île Frégate. Sphaerodactylus sputator (Leeward Banded Sphaero) was recorded on the island in 2012.
# William J. Abernathy

William J. Abernathy (November 21, 1933 – December 29, 1983) was an American professor at the Harvard Business School. With his empirical studies of the automobile industry, Abernathy contributed to explaining the industrial decline of the US automobile industry and influenced management thinking to pay more attention to innovation and long-term strategic decision making.

## Early life

William J. Abernathy was born on November 21, 1933, in Columbia, Tennessee. He graduated from the University of Tennessee with a degree in Electrical Engineering. He went on to receive a Masters in Business Administration degree in 1964 and a doctorate degree in 1967 from the Harvard Business School. One of his mentors was Professor Wickham Skinner.

## Career

He was the first William Barclay Harding Professor of Management and Technology at the Graduate School of Business Administration.
With his colleagues, he was among the first who pointed out that the management of the US industry was to blame for industrial decline instead of emerging Japanese competition or increasing labor struggles. In his research, Abernathy studied the automobile industry and emphasised the intermingled relation between product and production. Introducing the notion of the 'productivity dilemma', he criticised the focus of US managers on short term profits at the expense of innovation and technological competitiveness.
Abernathy was an early key contributor to the influential International Motor Vehicle Program. His influence on European researchers, among others, is noticeable in that his critique of the dominating mass production was readily picked up and extended to inform theories on innovation and integrated product design.

## Personal life

He was married to Claire Abernathy. They had two daughters, Evelyn and Jannine. They resided in Lexington, Massachusetts.

## Death

He died on December 29, 1983, in Boston, Massachusetts.
# William Larkins

William Larkins (died 24 April 1800) was a member of the Royal Society elected 14 April 1796
He was an accountant in Bengal for the British East India Company.
# William Larkins Bernard

William Larkins Bernard (born Taunton, 1 October 1843, died 22 July 1922) was an English architect, active in Bristol and London member of the FRIBA.

## Career

Bernard was apprenticed to Charles Edward Davis, of Bath, Somerset, between 1863 and 1868. Among his own later pupils was Richard Croft James (1872–1949, of Clifton College) who was articled to him at Bristol from 1889 to 1892. Bernard was President of the Bristol Society of Architects in 1898, having previously acted as its honorary secretary, 1888–1890. He is also recorded in 1893 as a Somerset member of the Sanitary Institute. By 1894, he was a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
He had an extensive practice as a school architect. In 1889, his offices were at 8, St Stephen's Chambers, Baldwin Street, Bristol, and he was at the same address in 1904.
The firm of W. L. Bernard & Sons of Bristol was still active in the 1930s, after Bernard's death, with offices at 26, Orchard Street.

## Major works

* Queen Victoria House, Redland Hill, Bristol, 1886 (built for Waynflete Private School for Boys, later used as Bristol Maternity Hospital, now offices)
* Vestry at St John the Baptist Church, Frenchay, 1887
* Restoration of Buckingham Baptist Chapel, Clifton, 1890
* Fairfield Grammar School, Fairlawn Road, Montpelier, Bristol
# Yercaud taluk

11°46′46″N 78°12′12″E﻿ / ﻿11.7794°N 78.2034°E﻿ / 11.7794; 78.2034
Yercaud taluk is a taluk of Salem district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Yercaud.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Yercaud had a population of 41,832 with 21,047 males and 20,785 females. There were 988 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 56.38. Child population in the age group below 6 was 2,214 Males and 2,117 Females.
# Yoga in Italy

Yoga in Italy is the practice of yoga, whether for exercise, therapy, or other reasons, in Italy.

## History

A pioneer of modern yoga as exercise in Italy was Vanda Scaravelli (1908-1999), author of the "classic" 1991 book Awakening the spine.
Another pioneer, Carlo Patrian (1930-2008), began studying yoga in 1950 and founded the yoga institute that still bears his name in Milan in 1965.
In the 21st century, yoga is growing steadily in Italy, and the International Day of Yoga (21 June) is celebrated across the country each summer. By 2017 there were some 830 recognised yoga schools in the country. The 2018 Coop report (compiled by Nielsen in 2017) stated that 11% of the women of Italy and 3% of the men practiced yoga or Pilates; 32% of those consulted said they intended to practice in future.
Among the forms of yoga in Italy are hybrids such as aerial yoga, Acroyoga, and Mindful Yoga.
Italy is a popular destination for yoga tourism, with yoga retreats and holidays taught in various languages.

## Regulation

By 2019, yoga teacher training was still not regulated in Italy despite the country's 3 million yoga practitioners, resulting, according to Bianca Carati writing in La Stampa, in excessively "accelerated" courses, some taking as little as 2 months to deliver 150 hours of training at a cost between €1500 and €3000. Carati reported that the Associazione Italiana Iyengar yoga considered this inadequate; it required at least 3 years of training. It, along with the Associazione Italiana Insegnanti Yoga and the Associazione Yoga Satyananda, has created a set of proposed standards for yoga teacher training in Italy, requiring at least 500 hours of training over a period of at least four years, and to have taught for at least four years.
# William J. Eaton

William J. Eaton (December 9, 1930 – August 23, 2005) was an American journalist.
He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1970 for his Chicago Daily News coverage of the confirmation battle over Clement Haynsworth, an unsuccessful Richard Nixon nominee for the Supreme Court of the United States. This landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents.
In 1980 he shared the Gerald Loeb Award for Large Newspapers for his reporting on the U.S. energy crisis.
From 1984 to 1988, Eaton was chief of the Moscow bureau of the Los Angeles Times. He retired in 1994, then became curator of the Hubert H. Humphrey Fellows journalism program at the University of Maryland. He was a past president of the National Press Club.
# William Kamau

William Kamau (January 15, 1851 – January 9, 1944) was an American clergyman, and the second Kahu (shepherd) of Hawaiian ancestry at Kawaiahaʻo Church in Honolulu, Hawaii.

## Background

He was born on Maui in the district of Waiehu, attending both Lahainaluna High School and the Mid-Pacific Institute in Honolulu. Much of his adulthood was spent on the island of Hawaii, where he was ordained into the ministry. His first pastorate was at Kalapana, Hawaii. Affiliated with the Hawaii Mission Board, Kamau was also a judge who served as a district magistrate at Puna at the same time he pastored a church at Opihikao. He served in a ministerial capacity at the Lihue Hawaiian Church on Kauai, the Ewa Congregational Church at Pearl City on Oahu, and Mānana Protestant Church. For more than two decades, he served as chaplain in the Territory of Hawaii legislature.

## Kawaiahao

After Rev. Akaiko Akana died on February 16, 1933, Kawaiahao took 15 months to find a successor. In the interim, the duties of the position were shared among the deacons. Kamau had an affiliation with Haili Church in Hilo, and along with other ministers in the islands, sometimes participated in larger events with Kawaiahao. He accepted the call to shepherd the church, and was installed as Kahu on June 10, 1934. Kamau was 83 years old when he accepted the position, the same age Henry Hodges Parker had been when he retired from his ministry at Kawaiahao.
Kamau officiated at the church entirely in the Hawaiian language. Edward Kahale was associate pastor. At the end of 1939, Kamau was the oldest practicing ordained minister in the territory. When Kahale was promoted to Kahu in 1940, Kamau was put on retirement as pastor emeritus allowing him to continue as a practicing minister without the responsibilities of administration.

## Personal life

He married Nawaiotua Kahoowaiwai in 1888. She was the mother of his children: county engineer, Samuel H. Kamau, teacher Anna K. Hoopii, school administrator Mrs. Lakana K. d'Aguilar, teacher Maria K. Todd and teacher Anee K. Kamau and Territorial representative William K. Kamau. She died October 30, 1916.
On May 30, 1919, he married Martha Haili Timoteo. They had no children. Rev. Kamau died January 9, 1944. Martha Kamau died in 1958.
# Yinshu

The Yinshu (引書) is an ancient Chinese medical text from the Western Han dynasty discovered in 1983 as part of the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts.

## History and content

The Yinshu was one of the two medical texts (the other being the Maishu or the Book on Vessels) that were part of the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts discovered in 1983. According to translator Vivienne Lo, it dates back to around 186 BCE, during the Western Han dynasty, although Ori Tavor suggests that the text "(reflects) a textual corpus that was already circulating as early as the 3rd century BC." A transcript of the Yinshu, titled Zhangjiashan Hanjian Yinshu shiwen (張家山漢簡引書釋文), and an accompanying commentary by Peng Hao (彭浩) were published in 1990. Lo writes that it is "the earliest extant treatise on the Chinese tradition of daoyin", which she defines as "a regimen which adjusted personal hygiene, grooming, exercise, diet, sleep and sexual behaviour to the changing qualities of the four seasons."
Written in clerical script, the Yinshu is 3,235 words long and comprises some 113 bamboo slips, some of which had already been damaged prior to their excavation. The text, presented as the "way of Ancestor Peng" (彭祖之道也) discusses the causes of sickness and introduces gymnastic exercises and sexual practices that are named after either animals or the specific ailments that they are thought to target. The exercises—which Livia Kohn likens to asanas in yoga—and their benefits are summarised in twenty-four mnemonic statements.
   The reason why people of low social status contract disease is due to hard manual labor, hunger, and thirst. Sweating profusely, they plunge themselves into water and proceed to lie down on the cold earth, not realizing that they should put on clothes.
The Yinshu concludes by surmising that unlike "noble people", members of the lower social classes were more prone to "(having) many illnesses and (dying) easily" because they were ignorant of daoyin and regulating their qi. The Yinshu echoes content found in the Huangdi Neijing, while a range of exercises listed in the former text are illustrated in the Daoyin Tu discovered at Mawangdui; Charles Buck writes that the Yinshu "clarifies" the Daoyin Tu, citing an example of the former text explaining a "leading and declining" exercise illustrated in the latter work.
# William L. Ensign

William L. "Bill" Ensign (1928–2010) served as Acting Architect of the Capitol from 1995 to 1997. He had previously served as Assistant Architect under George M. White. Upon White's retirement, Ensign assumed the responsibilities of Acting Architect until replaced by Alan M. Hantman, in January 1997. Under Hantman, Ensign's replacement as Assistant Architect was Michael G. Turnbull.
Ensign is also a former trustee of Tax-Free Fund For Utah and of cultural organizations.
Ensign spent his early career as a partner in a Washington architecture firm, McLeod, Ferrara and Ensign, which had a speciality in school and college design. He served as assistant architect of the Capitol from 1980 to 1995.
William Lloyd Ensign was born on the West Indian island of Trinidad on December 14, 1928, then under British control. His father was an American.
The younger Ensign was a 1950 civil and architectural engineering graduate of the University of Colorado. He received a master's degree in architecture from Columbia University in 1952 and then spent six years in the Navy.
He was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects and sat on the organization's national board. He was a former president of the AIA's Washington chapter. He received many awards from the AIA.
He died on December 7, 2010, in Bethesda, Maryland, at the age of 81.
# William Lindsey House

William Lindsey House may refer to:
* William Lindsey House (Fall River, Massachusetts), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bristol County, Massachusetts
* William Lindsey House (Yakima, Washington), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Yakima County, Washington
# William Wadsworth (poet)

William Wadsworth, also known as Bill Wadsworth, is an American poet born on Long Island, New York in 1950.
Wadsworth's work has appeared in The New Republic, The Paris Review, The Yale Review, Tin House, Salmagundi, and the Boston Review, among other magazines, as well as in several anthologies, including The Best American Erotic Poems, edited by David Lehman, and the Library of America Anthology of American Religious Poems, edited by Harold Bloom. His collection of poems, The Physicist on a Cold Night Explains, was published by Vaso Roto Press in 2010.
From 1989 to 2001, Wadsworth served as executive director of the Academy of American Poets, where he oversaw the launch of the website poets.org and the inauguration of April as National Poetry Month, among other national arts initiatives. From 2006 to 2021, he taught in the Columbia University MFA Writing Program, where he also served as Director of Academic Administration from 2008 to 2020.
# William Wiley (cricketer)

William Gordon Antony Wiley (14 November 1931 – 7 December 1999) was a South African first-class cricketer.
Wiley was born at St James in Cape Town. He later travelled to England to study at Lincoln College, Oxford. While at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Gloucestershire at Oxford in 1952. He made twelve first-class appearances for Oxford in 1952, scoring 580 runs at an average of 27.61, with a high score of 100. This score, which was his only first-class century, came against Sussex at Worthing. During the 1952 season, he also played minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire, making a single appearance against Berkshire in the Minor Counties Championship. Returning to South Africa, Wiley made four first-class appearances for Western Province in the 1952/53 and 1953/54 seasons. He later emigrated to Zimbabwe, where he died at Harare in December 1999. His brother was the cricketer and politician John Wiley.
# Young Woman Seated at a Virginal

Young Woman Seated at a Virginal or A Young Woman Seated at a Virginal are alternate titles for two different works of art, neither of which is a copy of the other, both by Johannes Vermeer:
* A Young Woman Seated at the Virginals, Leiden Collection, New York
* Lady Seated at a Virginal at the National Gallery, London
Both paintings may have the title "Young Woman Seated at a Virginal", although other sources use the alternate titles given here. Both paintings are estimated to have been painted sometime from 1670 to 1672.
# Yorkend Lake (Ontario)

Yorkend Lake is a lake in Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada in the southern extension of Algonquin Park and is the source of the York River.
# Yorker (Vermont)

During the dispute over the status of Vermont in the 1770s and 1780s, a Yorker was any inhabitant of Vermont who took the position that Vermont was by rights a part of the state of New York, against the position that Vermont was entitled to the de facto independence that it had after January 15, 1777. Under Vermont law, Yorkers and Loyalists were traitors to Vermont, subject to forfeiture of all property and banishment from Vermont. [citation needed]
# William Whitfield

William Whitfield may refer to:
* William Whitfield II (1715–1795), American Revolutionary War officer and planter
* William Whitfield III (1743–1817), American Revolutionary War soldier and slave owner
* William H. Whitfield (1804–1886), American sea captain and member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
* Sir William Whitfield (architect) (1920–2019), British architect & town planner
# William Willard Gibson Jr.

William Willard Gibson Jr. (born in Amarillo, Texas, March 5, 1932) received a B.A. in government (Plan II) in 1954 and an LL.B with honors in 1956 from the University of Texas at Austin. During law school he was a member of the Order of the Coif and an editor of the Texas Law Review. Following graduation, he joined the firm of Gibson, Ochsner, Harlann, Kiney, & Morris in Amarillo, Texas as an associate partner. From 1964-65 he served as the President of the Junior Bar of the State of Texas. He was subsequently recruited by Dean W. Page Keeton of the University of Texas School of Law and joined the faculty in 1965.
Specializing in real property and estates, Professor Gibson taught courses in Texas land titles, real estate transactions, real estate finance, insurance, Texas procedure, wills and estates, fraud and mistake, and professional responsibility.
From 1971-73 Professor Gibson took a leave of absence to serve as an attorney advisor to the Federal Power Commission. In 1983 he was named Sylvan Lang Professor of Law. In addition to his teaching duties, he served as Associate Dean for Administration and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs.
Professor Gibson contributed to continuing legal education in Texas in a variety of ways. He was one of the founders of the Mortgage Lending Institute (which was later named in his honor) and helped establish standards for continuing legal education in Texas.
The Texas Supreme Court appointed Professor Gibson as Provost of Judicial Education from 1992-93 where he conducted a study of current judicial education programs and recommended courses of action for improving Texas judicial education.
Professor Gibson has received numerous honors, including being named a charter member of the American College of Real Estate Lawyers, an academic fellow of the American College of Probate Counsel, a charter member of the Texas Real Estate Academy, a recipient of the Leon Green Award by the Texas Law Review Association, and having a University of Texas Endowed Presidential Scholarship in law created in his name by the Texas Law Review Association.
Retiring from the school of law in 1998, Professor Gibson currently resides in New Mexico with his wife, Beth Gibson.
# William Willett (disambiguation)

William Willett (1856–1915) was an English builder and promoter of daylight saving time.
William Willett may also refer to:
* William Willett Jr. (1869–1938), U.S. Representative
* William Willett (Royal Navy officer) (1919–1976)
# Yoroko

Yoroko is a town in the Zabré Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the town has a population of 2,439.
# Wilson Brown

Wilson Brown may refer to:
* Wilson Brown (admiral) (1882–1957), American World War I and II naval commander
* Wilson Brown (Medal of Honor) (1841–1900), American Civil War sailor
* Wilson Brown (politician) (1804–1855), Missouri lieutenant governor, 1853–1855
* Wilson W. Brown (1837–1916), American soldier and recipient of the Medal of Honor
# Yukarıyufkalı, Araban

Yukarıyufkalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Araban, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 95 (2022).
# Yukarızeytin, Osmancık

Yukarızeytin is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 309 (2022).
# Winlaw (surname)

Winlaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ashley Winlaw (1914–1988), English cricketer and schoolteacher
* Roger Winlaw (1912–1942), English cricketer
* William Winlaw (died 1796), English engineer
# Winged Life

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Winged Life is Shearwater's third full-length album, released on March 16, 2004, on Misra Records.

## Track listing

* "A Hush" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 4:17
* "My Good Deed" (Will Sheff) – 5:52
* "Whipping Boy" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 4:42
* "The Kind" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 2:50
* "A Makeover" (Will Sheff) – 5:00
* "St. Mary's Walk" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 3:15
* "Wedding Bells Are Breaking up That Old Gang of Mine" (Will Sheff) – 6:26
* "(I've Got a) Right to Cry" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 3:38
* "The World in 1984" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 3:01
* "The Convert" (Will Sheff) – 2:45
* "Sealed" (Jonathan Meiburg) – 3:48
* "The Set Table" (Will Sheff) – 6:40
# Willingdon Cup

The Willingdon Cup is an annual amateur golf team competition among Canada's provinces.

## History

The Governor General of Canada, Lord Willingdon, donated the cup to Golf Canada (then known as the Royal Canadian Golf Association) in 1927, for annual rivalry among men's amateur teams from the provinces of Canada. It has been played annually ever since, except for 1940-1945, when it was cancelled because of World War II. Each province selects a four-man team of its best players, and competition is held over two rounds, in conjunction with the Canadian Amateur Championship, usually in August. Until 1974, all four scores each day counted, and since that year, the best three of four count, towards the team total.
Ontario has won the most titles, followed by British Columbia. Nick Weslock (Ontario) and Keith Alexander (Alberta) share the record for appearances, each being selected 26 times. The Willingdon Cup has done more than any other event to raise the standard of amateur golf in Canada.