OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muromachi (disambiguation)

The Muromachi period was a division of Japanese history, running from approximately 1336 to 1573.
Muromachi (室町), may also refer to:
* Muromachi Street (室町通, Muromachi-dōri) in Kyoto, Japan
* Muromachi shogunate, a shogunate during the Muromachi period
* Muromachi, Tokyo
# Syngnathus carinatus

Syngnathus carinatus is a species of pipefish endemic of the northern part of the Gulf of California. It is a marine subtropical demersal fish, which grows up to 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in length.
# Lloyd C. Hawks

Lloyd Cortez Hawks (January 13, 1911 – October 26, 1953) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

## Biography

Hawks joined the Army from Park Rapids, Minnesota in 1942, and by January 30, 1944, was serving as a private first class in the Medical Detachment of the 30th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. On that day, near Carano, Italy, he crawled through intense enemy fire to aid two wounded men. He dragged one man to safety but was severely wounded after returning for the second man. Despite these wounds, he was able to drag the second man to safety also. Hawks recovered from his injuries and, on January 15, 1945, was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Hawks remained in the army after World War II, and later served in the Korean War, reaching the rank of Sergeant First Class. He died from a heart attack at age 42 and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Park Rapids, Minnesota.

## Medal of Honor citation

Hawks' official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   For gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. On January 30, 1944, at 3 p.m., near Carano, Italy, Pfc. Hawks braved an enemy counterattack in order to rescue 2 wounded men who, unable to move, were lying in an exposed position within 30 yards of the enemy. Two riflemen, attempting the rescue, had been forced to return to their fighting holes by extremely severe enemy machinegun fire, after crawling only 10 yards toward the casualties. An aid man, whom the enemy could plainly identify as such, had been critically wounded in a similar attempt. Pfc. Hawks, nevertheless, crawled 50 yards through a veritable hail of machinegun bullets and flying mortar fragments to a small ditch, administered first aid to his fellow aid man who had sought cover therein, and continued toward the 2 wounded men 50 yards distant. An enemy machinegun bullet penetrated his helmet, knocking it from his head, momentarily stunning him. Thirteen bullets passed through his helmet as it lay on the ground within 6 inches of his body. Pfc. Hawks, crawled to the casualties, administered first aid to the more seriously wounded man and dragged him to a covered position 25 yards distant. Despite continuous automatic fire from positions only 30 yards away and shells which exploded within 25 yards, Pfc. Hawks returned to the second man and administered first aid to him. As he raised himself to obtain bandages from his medical kit his right hip was shattered by a burst of machinegun fire and a second burst splintered his left forearm. Displaying dogged determination and extreme self-control, Pfc. Hawks, despite severe pain and his dangling left arm, completed the task of bandaging the remaining casualty and with superhuman effort dragged him to the same depression to which he had brought the first man. Finding insufficient cover for 3 men at this point, Pfc. Hawks crawled 75 yards in an effort to regain his company, reaching the ditch in which his fellow aid man was lying.
# Phyllis Griffiths

Phyllis Griffiths (1905 – 1978) was a Canadian sports journalist. She was posthumously inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as a builder in 1978.

## Early life

Griffiths was born to parents Henry Griffiths and Alice Elizabeth Dalton in 1905. The family immigrated to Canada when Griffiths was five years old and she grew up in Toronto, Ontario.

## Career

After finishing high school at Parkdale Collegiate Institute, Griffiths was hired by the Toronto Telegram as a journalist. In 1928, she earned her own sports column entitled "The Girl and The Game" which she wrote for 14 years on women's sports at every level. While working for the Telegram, Griffiths attended the University of Toronto, where she played basketball while earning her degree. She spent four seasons with the University of Toronto women's basketball team, where she led the Varsity Blues to three Championships and was captain for one season.
Her journalist gig eventually earned her the role as the first woman photo editor at a Canadian newspaper. Despite this, she continued to coach the Toronto Varsity Blues Women's Basketball Team and led them to back-to-back championships in 1929 and 1930. This was a result of McGill University's efforts to promote equality in sports. The Montreal university threatened to pull-out from inter-collegiate competitions unless every university hired a female coach.
Griffiths retired from journalism in 1967 and subsequently died in 1978. She was posthumously inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as a builder in 1978. She was also inducted into the University of Toronto Hall of Fame in 1987.
# Semiotics of social networking

The semiotics of social networking discusses the images, symbols and signs used in systems that allow users to communicate and share experiences with each other. Examples of social networking systems include Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

## Semiotics

Semiotics is a discipline that studies images, symbols, signs and other similarly related objects in an effort to understand their use and meaning. Semiotic structuralism seeks the meaning of these objects within a social context. Post-structuralist theories take tools from structuralist semiotics in combination with social interaction, creating social semiotics. Social semiotics is “a branch of the field of semiotics which investigates human signifying practices in specific social and cultural circumstances and which tries to explain meaning-making as a social practice.” “Social semiotics also examines semiotic practices, specific to a culture and community, for the making of various kinds of texts and meanings in various situational contexts and contexts of culturally meaningful activity”. Social semiotics is concerned with studying human interactions.

## Social networking

Social networking is the communication among people within a virtual social space. This medium of communication allows insight into the significance of social semiotics. “Millions of people now interact through blogs, collaborate through wikis, play multiplayer games, publish podcasts and video, build relationships through social network sites and evaluate all the above forms of communication through feedback and ranking mechanisms”. Social semiotics “unlike speech, writing necessitates some sort of technology in the form of person device interaction”. Social semiotics functions through the triad of communication or Peircean semiotics in the form of sign, object, interpretant (Chart 1) and “Human, Machine, Tag (Information)” (Chart 2). In Peircean semiotics (Chart 1), "A sign…[in the form of representamen] is something which stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity. It addresses somebody, that is, creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign. That sign which it creates I call the interpretant of the first sign. The sign stands for an object, not in all respects, but in reference to a sort of idea which I have something called the ground of the representamen".
This example of the triangle of Human, Machine, Tag is shown when looking at tagging photographs on Facebook (Chart 3). The Human takes the photo on a camera and puts the digital file (information) on the Machine, the Machine is then navigated to Facebook where the file is downloaded. The Human has the Machine Tag the photo with information (e. g., names, places, data) for other Humans to see. This process then can be continued (see Chart 2). “Collaborative tagging has been quickly gaining ground because of its ability to recruit the activity of web users into effectively organizing and sharing large amounts of information”.
# John Gosnold

John Gosnold (by 1507 – 1554), of Otley, Suffolk and London, was an English lawyer and politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipswich in 1547 and in October 1553.

## Early life

John was the son of Robert Gosnold and Agnes daughter of Agnes, of John Hill.

## Legal career

He trained as a lawyer being admitted to Gray's Inn in 1526 and was called to the bar in 1528. In 1532 his legal services were engaged by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth.

## Family life

He married Katherine, the daughter of Sir Thomas Blennerhasset.
# Tchologo

Tchologo Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Savanes District. The seat of the region is Ferkessédougou and the region's population in the 2021 census was 603,084.
Tchologo Region is currently divided into three departments: Ferkessédougou, Kong, and Ouangolodougou.
# North Armagh

North Armagh may refer to:
* The northern part of County Armagh
* North Armagh (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)
* North Armagh (UK Parliament constituency)
# Murtoa railway station

Murtoa was a disused railway station on the Serviceton railway line. The station is no longer used as a passenger stop; it is however still an important location for Pacific National as it is where the Hopetoun line junctioned off the main line.
The station is now one of three attractions that make up the Murtoa Museum Precinct, along with the Water Tower Museum and Concordia Cottage.
The station has been brought back to its former glory and is still occasionally used by specialist train trips as a stop.
Inside is a range of memorabilia from its working days and a large model of the station and surrounds at their peak.
The pedestrian bridge over the line was rescued by local residents and is now a feature at nearby Rabl Park.
Much of the station was extensively altered in the 1980s, following the introduction of CTC between Ararat and Serviceton. The signal box was abolished, the number of roads in the yard was reduced and the local signal panel was only switched in if needed, with the former staff depot closing by the end of 1988. Also during 1988, the former turntable was moved to Dimboola.
The station used to have a dock platform for the Hopetoun branch. People in Murtoa have called on The Overland, the interstate rail journey that runs from Adelaide to Melbourne, to make Murtoa an additional stop for the train service.
# Saginaw Gears

The Saginaw Gears were two separate ice hockey teams from Saginaw, Michigan:
* Saginaw Gears (IHL), International Hockey League team (1972–83)
* Saginaw Gears (UHL), United Hockey League team (1998–99)
# Lloyd, Ohio

Lloyd, also called Grover, Mott Town, Mottown, and Mottstown, is a former settlement in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It was located in along present-day Williams Road in southeastern Palmyra Township.
A post office called Lloyd was established in 1887, and remained in operation until 1920.
# Massachusetts House of Representatives' 1st Middlesex district

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 1st Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Middlesex County. Democrat Margaret Scarsdale of Pepperell has represented the district since 2023. Candidates for this district seat in the 2022 Massachusetts general election included Andrew Shepherd and Catherine Lundeen.

## Towns represented

The district includes the following localities:
* Ashby
* Dunstable
* Groton (Precincts 2 and 3)
* Lunenburg (Precincts A, B1, C, & D)
* Pepperell
* Townsend
The current district geographic boundary overlaps with those of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Middlesex district and the Worcester and Middlesex district.

### Former locale

The district previously covered part of Charlestown, circa 1872.

## Representatives

* Edward Lawrence, circa 1858-1859
* Joseph Caldwell, circa 1859
* John Read, circa 1888
* Chester F. Sanger, circa 1888
* Edward Sennott, circa 1908
* William Hogan, circa 1908
* Willis McMenimen, circa 1918
* James H. Kelleher, circa 1920
* Francis David Coady, circa 1935
* Thomas Dillon, circa 1935
* Thomas Francis Coady, circa 1945
* Thomas Francis Coady, Jr., circa 1951-1953
* John Joseph Toomey, circa 1951
* Michael Lombardi, circa 1967
* Michael James Lombardi, circa 1975
* Bruce Wetherbee, circa 1983
* Augusta Hornblower, 1984-1994
* Robert Hargraves, circa 1995
* Sheila C. Harrington, 2011-2022
* Margaret R. Scarsdale, 2023–Present
# John Fulford

John Fulford may refer to:
* John Fulford (English priest)
* John Fulford (Australian priest)
# Muota

The Muota is a river in the Swiss canton of Schwyz and a tributary of Lake Lucerne. It has a length of 29 km (18 mi).
The Muota rises on the Ruosalp, an alp to the north of the Glatten on the border between the cantons of Schwyz and Uri. Initially, it flows in a northerly direction through the tiny Bisistal before turning west to the villages of Muotathal and Ried.
Beyond Ried, the river flows through a narrow defile between the Gibelhorn and Stooshorn, passing under the Stoosbahn funicular that serves the mountain resort of Stoos, as it does so. After leaving this canyon, the river turns north to reach the village of Ibach in the municipality of Schwyz. At Ibach the river turns west again, then shortly afterwards passes under the A4 motorway and the Gotthard railway line before receiving the Seeweren, which is the outfall stream of Lake Lauerz. Here it flows south-west to enter Lake Lucerne on the west side of the town of Brunnen in the municipality of Ingenbohl.
# Saint-Baraing

Saint-Baraing (French pronunciation:) is a village and commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Phycomorpha

Phycomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Copromorphidae.

## Species

* Phycomorpha bryophylla Meyrick, 1927
* Phycomorpha escharitis Meyrick, 1916
* Phycomorpha metachrysa Meyrick, 1914
* Phycomorpha prasinochroa (Meyrick, 1906) (originally in Copromorpha)

## Alternatively placed here

* Phycomorpha argophthalma Meyrick, 1932 (originally in Syncamaris)
* Phycomorpha chalazombra Meyrick, 1938 (originally in Spilogenes)
* Phycomorpha ilyopis Meyrick, 1930 (originally in Saridacma)
* Phycomorpha phlyctaenopa Meyrick, 1926 (originally in Rhopalosetia)
* Phycomorpha simplex Strand, 1915 (originally in Rhynchoferella)
* Phycomorpha syncentra Meyrick, 1916 (originally in Sisyroxena)
# Massive perivillous fibrin deposition

Massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD, or MFD) refers to excessive deposition of fibrous tissue around the chorionic villi of the placenta. It causes reduced growth of the foetus, and leads to miscarriage in nearly 1 in 3 pregnancies affected. There are typically no symptoms, and it is rarely detected before birth. The cause is unknown, but may be autoimmune. Diagnosis is based on the histology (cell appearance) of the placenta. There are currently no known treatments. MPFD is very rare, but recurrence is around 18% in those affected.

## Signs and symptoms

There may be no symptoms of MPFD. Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical arteries may not detect reduced blood flow, particularly if a case is not severe.

## Cause

The cause of MPFD is unknown. Current theories suggest an autoimmune cause. It is associated with sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage of the brain, and necrotising enterocolitis in the baby. It may also be linked to maternal syphilis infection, and antiphospholipid syndrome, among other conditions.

## Mechanism

MPFD is caused by deposition fibrous tissue around the chorionic villi of the placenta. The placenta often shows lesions upon histology and autopsy. The villi become trapped, causing avascular necrosis. This causes reduced substance exchange, and movement of the placenta. This can cause reduce growth of the foetus, and may lead to miscarriage.

## Diagnosis

MPFD is diagnosed based on histological examination of the chorionic villi of the placenta. Villitis of unknown etiology is distinguished by the occurrence of lymphohistiocytic infiltration in above five villi on several slides. This diagnostic process is difficult, as there is great variety in appearance, and an overlap in signs with maternal floor infarction.

## Prognosis

MPFD always causes reduced foetal growth. It causes premature birth in 33% of pregnancies, and neonatal death in 31% of pregnancies.

## Treatment

There are currently no widespread treatments for MPFD. There is anecdotal evidence of successful use of pravastatin to reverse MPFD during pregnancy.

## Epidemiology

MPFD is very rare. Incidence is estimated to be around 0.028%, or around 1 in 3,500 pregnancies. It may account for 12% of pregnancies where foetal growth is restricted. It shares symptoms with maternal floor infarction. In mothers who have already experienced it, there is a high risk of recurrence. Recurrence may be around 18%, although in cases where miscarriage occur in the first trimester, it may be as high as 50%.
# Mnesiloba dentifascia

Mnesiloba dentifascia is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by George Hampson in 1891. It is known from the Oriental tropics.

## Description

Its wingspan is about 20 mm. Palpi with second joint reaching only just beyond the frontal tuft. Forewings usually with a tuft of raised scales on discocellulars. The body is dark brown, with black irrorations (speckles) and fuscous suffusion. Forewings with oblique, sub-basal, and antemedial lines angled below costa. The medial area blackish, with black cell-speck and edged by oblique black lines, where the outer highly dentate below veins 3 and 2. There is an indistinct waved postmedial line and waved grey sub-marginal line. Patches of fuscous suffusion found on margin below apex and above outer angle. Hindwings with indistinct dark antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal lines, becoming obsolescent on costal area, which is pale.
# Yorktown

Yorktown or York Town may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* York Town, Tasmania

### United Kingdom

* York Town, also known as Yorktown (and sometimes Yorkshiretown), a part of Camberley, Surrey (adjoining Sandhurst)
* York, North Yorkshire

### United States

* Yorktown, Indiana
* Yorktown, Illinois
* Yorktown, New York
** Yorktown Heights, New York, within Yorktown
* Yorktown, Texas
* Yorktown, Virginia

## Battles

* Siege of Yorktown (1781), during the American Revolutionary War
* Siege of Yorktown (1862), during the American Civil War

## Other uses

* Yorktown High School (disambiguation)
* USS Yorktown, any of several U.S. Navy ships
* "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)", a song from the musical Hamilton
* SS Yorktown (1894)
# John Bisharat

John Bisharat is an American composer and conductor who has composed, arranged, and conducted music for film and television productions.
Bisharat was born in 1964 in Los Angeles, California, and grew up playing the piano, cello, and bass. In 1986, he graduated from UCLA's Professional Designation in Film Scoring program.
Bisharat has conducted various symphonies across the United States, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, and the Kansas City Symphony. Outside of the United States, he has conducted the London Symphony Orchestra.
Bisharat has also worked on numerous musical scores for films, including the 1987 Charles Bronson film Death Wish 4: The Crackdown, the 2006 Omar Sharif film One Night With the King, and the 2004 short film The Trumpeter. He recently composed the score for the forthcoming film Magdalena: Released from Shame (2008).
# Tebenna pychnomochla

Tebenna pychnomochla is a species of moth of the family Choreutidae. It is found in Uganda.
# Norvoll

Norvoll is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Øystein Norvoll (born 1954), Norwegian guitarist
* Tomas Norvoll (born 1972), Norwegian politician
# Muraidih

Muraidih is a census town in Baghmara CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Muraidih is located at 23°48′45″N 86°14′19″E﻿ / ﻿23.812389°N 86.238589°E﻿ / 23.812389; 86.238589.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Overview

The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines. The Damodar River, the most important river of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, flows along the southern border. The area beyond the Damodar was once a part of Dhanbad district but was transferred to Bokaro district in 2001. Bulk of the area shown in the map is part of Baghmara (community development block). In Baghmara CD block 67% of the population lives in rural areas and 33% in urban areas. The block has 18 census towns, all marked in the map, except Rajganj, which is shown in the map for the northern portion of the district. A portion of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation extends into the region till around Katras. The places in the DMC area are marked as neighbourhoods. Most of the DMC area is shown in the maps for the central and southern portions of the district. Three operational areas of BCCL operate fully within the region – Katras Area, Barora Area and Block II Area. The Mahuda sector of Western Jharia Area also operates in the region.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Muraidih had a total population of 6,360 of which 3,416 (54%) were males and 2,914 (46%) were females. Population below 6 years was 956. The total number of literates in Muraidih was 4,414 (81.68% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

Muraidih has an area of 2.1 km$^2$. It is 30 km from the district headquarters Dhanbad. There is a railway station at Khanudi 3 km away. Buses are available at Baghmara 2 km away. It has 2 km roads and open drains. The two major sources of protected water supply are tap water from treated sources and hand pumps. There are 1,122 domestic electric connections and 42 street light points. Amongst the medical facilities it has 3 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities, it has 2 primary schools and 1 middle school. Secondary school, senior secondary school and general degree college are available at Baghmara.

## Economy

Ihe Barora Area of BCCL has four mines - Muraidih Colliery, Phularitand Colliery, Damoda Colliery and Madhuband Colliery. It is located on the western end of Jharia Coalfield.

## Transport

Muraidih is on the Dumra-Katras Road.
# Marmorana

Marmorana is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Murellinae of the family Helicidae.

## Anatomy

Species within this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.
* Love dart of Marmorana serpentina
* Love dart of Marmorana scabriuscula

## Taxonomy

Marmorana is paraphyletic.

## Species

Species within the genus Marmorana include:
* Marmorana fuscolabiata (Rossmässler, 1842)
* Marmorana globularis (Philippi, 1836)
* † Marmorana majoris (De Stefani, 1880)
* Marmorana melitensis (A. Férussac, 1821)
* Marmorana muralis (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* Marmorana nebrodensis (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* Marmorana platychela (Menke, 1830)
* † Marmorana sabina (Tuccimei, 1889)
* Marmorana saxetana (Paulucci, 1886)
* Marmorana scabriuscula (Deshayes, 1832)
* Marmorana serpentina (A. Férussac, 1821) - type species
* Marmorana sicana
* Marmorana signata (A. Férussac, 1821)