OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Twin Lakes, Mono County, California

Twin Lakes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mono County, California, United States. It is located on the east side of the Sierra Nevada, encompassing the lakes of the same name and extending north down the outlet valley of Robinson Creek. The area is part of Toiyabe National Forest and is 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Bridgeport. It was first listed as a CDP for the 2020 census, with a population of 45.
Mono Village Resort is part of the community. The resortt attracts hundreds of fishermen and outdoor enthusiasts every year.
The main tourist attraction of the settlement is the two lakes known as Twin Lakes. Both of these lakes are filled with water from Robinson's Creek which flows down from the top of the mountains and ends at the Bridgeport Reservoir. Both lakes have boat access and the Upper Twin allows for water sports. The area has trailheads for many backcountry hiking trails. The settlement is on the back side of Yosemite which makes it attractive to expert backpackers and horseback tours.

## Demographics

Twin Lakes first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 Census

Twin Lakes CDP (Mono County), California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 40 | 88.89% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1 | 2.22% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4 | 8.89% |
| Total | 45 | 100.00% |
# Wieferich's theorem

Wieferich's theorem may refer to one of the following results named after Arthur Wieferich:
* Wieferich's criterion for the solubility of the "First Case" of Fermat's Last Theorem
* The solution to Waring's problem for cubes, that every integer is the sum of at most 9 cubes
# Naongashing 31A

Naongashing 31A is a First Nations reserve on Lake of the Woods, northwestern Ontario. It is one of the reserves of the Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing.
# Loogootee, Illinois

Loogootee is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Illinois, United States. Loogootee is located along a railroad line 3 miles (4.8 km) north of St. Peter. Loogootee had a post office, which closed on June 17, 2011.
# Pau Shiu-hung

Pau Shiu-hung, SBS, (Chinese: 鮑紹雄, born 1942) is the former chief commissioner of the Scout Association of Hong Kong, appointed on 1 January 2004 by then-Chief Executive of Hong Kong and Chief Scout of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa.

## Life

Pau was born in 1942. He received his primary education at Lai Chack Primary School, secondary education at La Salle College and tertiary education at the University of Hong Kong. Graduated in 1967, he joined the Architectural Office, a branch of the Public Works Services in Hong Kong Government. He was appointed as the Director of Architectural Services in 1997 and retired in 2003. He is currently Vice President of the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation.
In his 30-year service and contribution in Hong Kong Government, he was awarded the Silver Bauhinia Star in 2002.

## Scouting

Pau joined Wolf Cub, present-day Cub Scout Section at the age of 9. He succeedingly was a Boy Scout and Venture Scout. He later became troop leader of these two sections. He achieved the Queen's Scout Award (currently Dragon Scout Award) in 1961.
He continued his Scout life and served as an Assistant Venture Scout Leader of the 17th Kowloon (La Salle) Group at age of 21 in 1963 and promoted to be the Venture Scout Leader in 1968, and also served as District Venture Scout Leader of Kowloon City District.
He joined Estate Branch of the Association at 1971. He was appointed vice chairman of Campsites and Properties Committee, and served as chairman of Building Sub-Committee and vice chairman of Camp Management Sub-Committee during that period. In 1993, he became the assistant chief commissioner (estate). He succeeded John C. Y. Hui as chief commissioner in 2004. He is currently the vice-president of the Scout Association of Hong Kong.
# Patte d'Oie (Dakar)

Patte d'Oie is a commune d'arrondissement of the city of Dakar, Senegal.
# Patz

Patz or Pätz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alina Pätz (born 1990), Swiss curler
* Arnall Patz (1920–2010), American medical doctor
* Claudio Pätz (born 1987), Swiss curler
* Etan Patz (1972–1979), murdered American child
* Flemming Patz (born 1967), Swedish curler and coach
* Johannes Patz (born 1993), Swedish curler
* Jonathan Patz, American medical professor
# Paul A. Partain

Paul Alan Partain (November 22, 1946 – January 28, 2005) was an American actor, perhaps best known for his role in the original The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) as the wheelchair-user Franklin Hardesty.

## Life and career

Partain was born in Austin, Texas. He served in the United States Navy in the Vietnam War, and on his return to the U.S., started working at an electronics manufacturing plant during the day, and at a dinner theater at night. In the fall of 1972, Partain found out he had been laid off from the plant, and while at the theater where he worked, was asked to audition for the part of Willy in the 1974 Sidney Lumet film Lovin' Molly, by the theater director there. Through the help of this director, Partain got the role and his acting career began.
The director got Partain his next movie role as well, by pointing Kim Henkel, the screenwriter and producer of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, toward Partain. Partain originally read for the part of the hitchhiker, but the film's director, Tobe Hooper, was not impressed. Hooper had Partain read for Franklin and cast him in that part instead.
After appearing in two more films in the 1970s (Race with the Devil as Cal Mather and Rolling Thunder as the brother-in-law), Partain had stopped acting by 1978. Partain started appearing in movies again in the 1990s, starting with a cameo in The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1995), the third sequel to the 1974 original. One of his other roles in the 1990s was that of the Militia of Texas Minister in the 1997 movie Burying Lana.
For about 10 years, Partain worked as a Regional Sales Manager for Zenith Electronics Corporation. He was married to Jean E. Partain.

## Death

Partain died from cancer on January 28, 2005, in Austin, Texas.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1974 | Lovin' Molly | Willy | Uncredited |
| 1974 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre | Franklin Hardesty | |
| 1975 | Race with the Devil | Cal Mathers | |
| 1977 | Rolling Thunder | Brother-In-Law | |
| 1995 | The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre | Hospital Orderly | Uncredited |
| 1997 | Burying Lana | Militia of Texas Minister | |
| 2003 | The Life of David Gale | Alcoholic | Uncredited Final film role |
# Paul Shapiro

Paul Shapiro is the name of:
* Paul Shapiro (author) (born 1979), American animal activist
* Paul Shapiro (artist) (born 1939), American Abstract Expressionist and landscape painter
* Paul Shapiro (director) (born 1955), Canadian film and television director
* Paul Shapiro (musician), American Klezmer musician
* Paul A. Shapiro, American Holocaust historian
* Paul R. Shapiro, American astrophysicist
# Paul Jack

Paul Jack (born 15 May 1965) is a former professional footballer, best known for playing for the Airdrieonians teams of the 1990s.

## Managerial career

He was appointed manager of Bathgate Thistle in June 2009, but was sacked after 6 months in charge.

## Honours

Airdrieonians
* Scottish Challenge Cup: 1994–95
# Paul Russell (Gaelic footballer)

Paul Russell (2 July 1906 – June 1965) was an Irish sportsperson. He played Gaelic football with his local club Dr. Crokes and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team from 1924 until 1933.
In a senior inter-county career that lasted a decade, Russell won every honour in the game at senior level. The youngest player to win an All-Ireland medal, he was only seventeen when he captured his first celtic cross in 1924. He went on to add five more All-Ireland titles to his collection. Russell also won seven Munster medals, three National Football League medals and three Railway Cup medals with Munster. He also played for Ireland in the Tailteann Games in 1928 and 1932.
In retirement from play Russell trained the Meath and Waterford senior football teams. In the 1960s he became a respected sports journalist.
# Law School Democrats of America

The Law School Democrats of America (Law School Dems), or the National Democratic Law Students Council (NDLSC), is the law student arm of the Democratic National Committee. Membership consists of over 1500 law students at more than 85 law schools located throughout the United States.

## History

Law School Democrats of America was founded in 2006 at Harvard Law School by David Burd. The organization's first event was a national convention, keynoted by DNC Chairman Howard Dean, at Harvard Law School.
Law School Dems was re-established in 2023 ahead of the 2024 election cycle.

## Activities

Since 2006, hundreds of law students have taken an active role in Democratic politics, and local and national elections as members of the Law School Democrats. Student activities have included canvassing, legal research, phone banking, voter protection, and other activities.
The Law School Democrats seek to ensure that every eligible voter is allowed to cast a vote and that every vote is counted, support Democratic campaigns and candidates, connect law students and attorneys interested in Democratic politics, and cultivate the next generation of Democratic leaders.

## National Convention

Every year the Law School Democrats holds a national convention. The convention generally takes place in February or March over a weekend, and consists of discussion panels, keynote speakers, receptions, and an election for a new board of directors (President, Vice-President of Communications, Vice-President of Finance, Vice-President of Membership, Vice-President of Programming). During election years, regional directors are often appointed by the board of directors to help coordinate law student involvement in Democratic campaigns and voter protection efforts.
Past conventions were held in Boston, New York City, Columbus, Ohio, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. Notable convention speakers include former DNC Chairman and Vermont Governor Howard Dean, New York Congressman Charles B. Rangel, Democratic political consultant Bob Shrum, Illinois Treasurer and former U.S. Senate candidate Alexi Giannoulias, Maryland Attorney General Doug Gansler, and Illinois Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky.
The 2011 Law School Democrats National Convention took place April 1–3 at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C.
# Law Reform and Development Commission

The Law Reform and Development Commission (LRDC) is a Namibian government commission established in 1992. It creates reports making recommendations for legal reforms, and is supported by the Namibian Ministry of Justice.
In 2014, New Era reported that the Ministry of Justice was not seriously following up on reports submitted as far back as 2003. The LRDC is an independent panel of experts from the government that is part of the Commonwealth Association of Law Reform Agencies.
# Lawsonia intracellularis

Lawsonia intracellularis is a species of bacterium. It is obligately intracellular and was isolated from intestines of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease.

## Pathogenicity

Lawsonia intracellularis is highly pathogenic. The species has been associated with outbreaks of bacterial infection-associated protein losing enteropathy in horses.
# Laveran (crater)

Laveran is a lunar impact crater located on the lunar far side near the southern pole. The crater is located in between the prominent craters Schrödinger, Zeeman, Ashbrook, and South of De Forest. Laveran was adopted and named after French physician Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran by the IAU in 2009.
# Paul Hüttenrauch

Unteroffizier Paul Hüttenrauch was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.

## Biography

Paul Hüttenrauch first came to notice in February 1918, flying a Fokker D.VII for a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 7. He was wounded in action on 15 February, and again on 14 May 1918. He scored his first aerial victory at 1015 hours on 20 July 1918, when he shot down a Sopwith Camel from No. 70 Squadron RAF north of Ypres. On an evening sortie, he shot down another Camel from No. 204 Squadron RAF at 2040 hours 31 July over Hooglede. On 13 August 1918, he destroyed a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a south of Zuydschoote.
The Jasta 7 records credit Paul Hüttenrauch with eight victories by 14 October 1918, though they lack details for the last five wins. Hüttenrauch was awarded the First Class Iron Cross, which by regulation followed a prior award of the Second Class.

## Endnotes

* 1 2 The Aerodrome website's page on Hüttenrauch
* 1 2 3 Franks et al 1993, p. 133.
# Law enforcement in Cameroon

The Gendarmerie Nationale and the National Police of Cameroon were founded in 1928. They are responsible for civilian law enforcement in Cameroon.

## Sources

* World Police Encyclopedia, ed. by Dilip K. Das & Michael Palmiotto published by Taylor & Francis. 2004.
* World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems, second edition, 2006 by Gale.
* Sullivan, Larry E. Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005.
* Cameroon - Gendarmerie Nationale - GlobalSecurity.org
# Law enforcement in Cape Verde

Law enforcement in Cape Verde is carried out by the Judicial Police or National Police.
The captain of the Armed Forces, Abailardo Barbosa Amado, was the first Executive Director of the PJ. The period that followed the creation of legal PJ was tapped to be selected by public tender, the tables, after specific training in criminal investigation techniques and lofoscópicas the country and in Portugal, conducted by the Institute of Judicial and Police Science criminal, would be included in the categories of technical professionals Lofoscopia, Agent, Inspector and Inspectors of the PJ framework.

## History
### Early police force

The first police force was created in 1872 and was named the Corpo de Polícia Civil made by the governor Caetano Albuquerque. The police force was organized as part of the Civil Police of the Portuguese Main. Its headquarters was in Praia.
In 1880, the Police Corps was restructured and became the Police Company with a military based organization; the Company was based in Praia and had another station in Mindelo.
In 1962, a new police organization was formed in Cape Verde and transformed into Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) of Cape Verde with a newly civil character, modeled after the Polícia de Segurança Pública (Public Security Police) of Portugal.
After Cape Verde became independent in 1975, it became the Polícia de Ordem Pública (Public Order Police, or POP), whose uniforms and colors were different from those of the Portuguese.
Due to its historic relations, several of the officers were trained in Portugal, and the POP continued to maintain close links with the PSP, such as organization and uniforms.

### Modern police force

The current police force was created in May 1993. Since November 14, 2005, it is called the National Police (Policia Nacional).
The first training course was held in 1994 and agents of the Judicial Police attended and completed by 3 and 20 candidates respectively.
According to Interpol, Cape Verde has two parallel police forces. The Judicial Police is under the authority of the Ministry of Justice, while the National Police is under the authority of the Interior Ministry.
In Cape Verde there are 1,947 law enforcement officers of which 13% are women as of April, 2012.

## Organization

The National Police includes the National Direction, Special Command Units, Regional Commands (Praia, São Vicente, Santa Catarina, Sal, Fogo and Santo Antão), Police Squad and Police Post, Police School, and Social Services.
According to Interpol The National Police has four sub-commands: the Public Order Police, the Border Police, the Customs Police, and the Maritime Police.

### Brigada Anticrime

The Brigada Anticrime (BAC) is the police tactical unit of Cape Verde. BAC is often deployed during the night in high crime areas, or as part of rescue operations. They are equipped with bulletproof vests, pepper spray, tasers, helmets, long guns, and armored vehicles.
# Paul Strasburger, Baron Strasburger

Paul Cline Strasburger, Baron Strasburger (born 31 July 1946) is a British Liberal Democrat politician, millionaire philanthropist and semi-retired businessman.

## Involvement with the Liberal Democrats

Strasburger first became involved in the Liberal Democrats in his home town of Bath, Somerset in 2005. Strasburger's appointment to the House of Lords was announced in November 2010, and he was created a life Peer on 10 January 2011 as Baron Strasburger, of Langridge in the County of Somerset, taking his seat on 12 January 2011.
Strasburger is a major donor to the Liberal Democrats. Before his appointment to the Lords, he had donated £709,900.40 to the Liberal Democrats, including £483,625 to the central party, £170,719.29 to his local constituency in Bath, and smaller sums to Lib Dem MPs Menzies Campbell, Don Foster and Chris Huhne, as well as constituency parties in Wells, Eastleigh and North East Somerset, all between 2006 and 2010.
Strasburger also contributed to the defence of Michael Brown, the convicted fraudster who fled after donating £2.4 million to the Liberal Democrats. Strasburger had also put up the bail money for Brown, which was forfeited when Brown fled.
# Paul Volley

Paul William Volley (born 2 November 1971 in Beckenham, Kent) is an English former rugby union player. As an open-side flanker, he played for London Wasps for 16 years. He joined as a 16-year-old from Chinnor. Volley was first called up to the senior England squad by Clive Woodward for the 2000 England rugby union tour of South Africa, and then again for the 2003 England rugby union tour of the Southern Hemisphere. However he was ultimately never capped at this level. He was also selected for England A on numerous occasions. He won Domestic and European competitions with London Wasps. This included helping them win the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 1999 and 2000; he was a replacement in the 1999 final but started in 2000. He also played in the 2002–03 Premiership Final and the 2003–04 Premiership Final, both of which were won by Wasps. After winning both the Zurich Premiership and Heineken Cup with Wasps in 2004, he headed across the Channel to play for Castres Olympique in France. He then returned to play for and captain Wasps' London rivals, Harlequins in 2006. In 2008 he signed a 2-year deal to play for RFU Championship side London Scottish.
After retiring from professional rugby, Volley began a new career in financial services. He resides in New Malden with his wife Joanne and children Edward and Lydia.
# Layback spin

A layback spin is a variation of the upright spin, a spin in figure skating. British figure skater Cecilia Colledge was "responsible for the invention" of the spin and the first to execute it. Colledge's coach, Jacques Gerschwiler, who was a former gymnastics teacher and according to Colledge "very progressive in his ideas", got the idea for the upright spin while watching one of Colledge's trainers, a former circus performer turned acrobatics instructor, train Colledge to perform backbends "by means of a rope tied around her waist". The upright spin has long been associated with women's skating, but men have also performed it. Skaters include it in their programs because it increases their technical content and fulfills choreographic needs.
The layback spin is executed by holding the free leg in a back attitude position and arching the head and upper body backward so that the skater faces up towards the sky, ceiling, or further. The free leg position is optional. A variation of the layback spin is the Biellmann spin, made popular by world champion Denise Biellmann, which the International Skating Union (ISU), the organization that governs figure skating, considers a difficult variation of the layback spin. It is executed by the skater grabbing their free blade and pulling the heel of their boot behind and above the level of the head so that their legs are in an approximate full split, with the head and back arched upward. The spin "requires much strength and extreme flexibility".
Other difficult variations of the layback spin are the full layback (the upper body is arched sideways with the upper body bent to the side from the waist towards the ice or arched back from the waist towards the ice) and when the skater's upper body is arched sideways or arched back, with their free leg almost touching their head in a full circle. In ice dance, difficult variations of the layback spin include a split, with both legs straight and the boot of one partner's free leg held up higher than their head (which can be supported by their partner) and leaning away from the other partner, with the axis to their upper back to the knee over 45 degrees.

## Gallery

* Catch foot layback spin (Elena Glebova)
* Catch foot layback spin (Mirai Nagasu)
* Catch foot layback spin (Caroline Zhang)
* (Angela Nikodinov)
* (Angela Wang)
* (Becky Bereswill)
* (Jennifer Kirk)
* (Yuna Kim)
* Layback spin (Rachael Flatt)
* Layback spin (Ashley Wagner)
* A man performs layback spin (Rohene Ward)
* Catch-foot layback spin (Jelena Glebova)
* "Haircutter" variation (Diane Szmiett)
* "Haircutter" variation (Angela Maxwell)
# Lawrence L. Lamade

Lawrence Lewis Lamade (born April 12, 1947) is a United States lawyer who was General Counsel of the Navy from 1988 to 1989.

## Biography

Lawrence Lamade was born in Manhattan, New York City and raised in Maryland. He attended the Landon School, followed by Princeton University, receiving his B.A. in 1969. Lamade then served as an officer in the United States Navy from 1969 to 1972. Upon leaving the Navy, he attended the Georgetown University Law Center and received a J.D. in 1975.
After law school, Lamade joined Baker & Hostetler as an associate attorney. In 1983, he became a partner at Baker & Hostetler.
On October 21, 1988, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Lamade as General Counsel of the Navy and Lamade subsequently held this office from November 22, 1988 until November 21, 1989.
After leaving the Department of the Navy, Lamade returned to private practice. In 2000, he became a partner at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, where his practice has focused on employee benefits
# Le Jour du Seigneur

Le Jour du Seigneur (English: The Lord's Day) is a France 2 religious programme that presents Christianity, usually broadcasting Catholic mass and services, amongst other things related to religion. It was the first broadcast Vatican Catholic mass and is the longest running French television show. The show was first broadcast in October 1949, an overall total of 73 years, one of the highest lengths ever for a TV show. The show was originally called L'Emission religieuse (The Religious Show) and later renamed Le Jour du Seigneur in 1954. The show has experienced a significant drop of television viewers over the span of several decades due to the decline of religious observance, and overall decline in rates of Christianity.
# Robert Smoktunowicz

Robert Maciej Smoktunowicz (pronounced; 30 January 1962 – 9 September 2024) was a Polish politician. He represented Civic Platform (PO) in the Senate from 2001 to 2007. He gave up the membership in PO on 17 September 2007. Later that year he ran for re-election to the Polish Senate from the Left and Democrats list but to no avail. Smoktunowicz died on 9 September 2024, at the age of 62.