OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Smolarek

Smolarek is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dariusz Smolarek [pl] (born 1960), Polish musicologist
* Ebi Smolarek (born 1981, Łódź), Polish football player
* Joanna Smolarek (born 1952), Polish track and field sprinter
* Ryszard Smolarek (born 1952), Polish politician
* Waldemar Smolarek [pl] (1937–2010), artist painter
* Włodzimierz Smolarek (1957–2012), Polish football player
* Zbigniew Smolarek [pl] (born 1946), Polish military man
* Zenon Smolarek [pl] (born 1938), Polish officer
# Thick-billed lark

The thick-billed lark (Ramphocoris clotbey) or Clotbey lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae.

## Taxonomy and systematics

It was named after Antoine Clot. It was originally described as belonging to the genus Melanocorypha and is now placed in the monotypic genus Ramphocoris.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in northern Africa from Mauritania and Morocco to Libya, also in central regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and hot deserts.

## Gallery

* Adult, Saudi Arabia 1993
* Eggs of Ramphocoris clotbey MHNT
# Kathryn Stone

Kathryn Elizabeth Stone OBE (born 8 August 1963) is the former independent Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards of the British House of Commons from January 2018 until December 2022.

## Early life

Kathryn Stone was born in Derby and grew up in Belper. She attended Belper High School. On leaving school, she became a houseparent for children with special needs. She graduated a bachelor's in sociology in the University of East London in 1985, qualified as a social worker in 1985, before going on to graduate with a master's in women studies from Loughborough University in 1990.
She spent 11 years as the chief executive of the national charity Voice UK, being awarded an OBE in 2007 for services to people with learning disabilities.
In 2009, Stone was made a Chartered Director and awarded Fellowship of the Institute of Directors.
In 2012 she was appointed as the Commissioner for Victims and Survivors for Northern Ireland. She was also a commissioner for the Independent Police Complaints Commission, overseeing investigations for seven police forces in the Midlands and North, including into the Rotherham force’s failure to tackle child sex abuse.
In 2016 she took the post of Legal Ombudsman for England and Wales. She was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of Derby in 2018.

## Parliamentary Commissioner

In January 2018, Stone was appointed as the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards from a list of 81 candidates for a five year term. Her high profile cases included finding against the prime minister Boris Johnson over a free holiday he took in Mustique courtesy of a Tory donor. She took over responsibility for the inquiry into Keith Vaz's behaviour when she complained that he had "failed, repeatedly, to answer direct questions, given incomplete answers and his account [had], in parts, been incredible".
In 2021, she found that the MP Owen Paterson had breached the MP's Code of Conduct, a finding which resulted in the Parliamentary Standards Committee recommending a suspension from the Commons for a period of 30 sitting days. Despite the fact that the prime minister encouraged a three-line whip on an amendment to change the standards system, the public backlash caused a reversal of policy and the next day Paterson resigned.
In August 2022, she found that both Labour leader Keir Starmer and Shadow Foreign Secretary David Lammy had inadvertently broken the MP's code of conduct.

## Bar Standards Board

On 1 September 2022 she became the Chair of the Bar Standards Board.

## Personal life

Stone has three children.
# North Island (islet)

North Island is an islet in Palmerston Island in the Cook Islands. The islet's name is a simple physical description. it is at the northern tip of the atoll, between Home and Tara i tokerau.
# National Prion Clinic (UK)

The National Prion Clinic (UK) is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Its aim is to diagnose and treat patients with any form of human prion disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD). In addition, the clinic facilitates research in diagnostics and therapeutics, organises clinical trials, and counsels those with an increased genetic risk of the disease.
CJD is a degenerative brain disorder that is always fatal. In the 1990s, some people in the United Kingdom developed a variant of the disease after eating meat from diseased cattle. All types of CJD are serious, but very rare.

## History

Prion diseases comprise Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia and related disorders. A specialist prion disease clinic was established by Professor John Collinge at St Mary's Hospital, London, in 1997. This was designated the NHS National Prion Clinic (NPC) in March 2001 by the UK Department of Health. In August 2004, following the relocation of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Prion Unit from Imperial College to University College London (UCL), the NPC relocated to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery at Queen Square, part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The NPC is closely integrated with the MRC Prion Unit, a relationship of fundamental importance to the missions of both organisations. The NPC receives UK-wide and international referrals of all forms of suspected CJD or other prion diseases. It is internationally unique and has developed considerable experience in the clinical management of prion disease.
In addition to providing a national NHS centre of expertise for the management of all forms of CJD and other prion diseases, the clinic was established to facilitate research in both diagnostics and therapeutics including the organisation of clinical trials. The Health Services Director at the NHS Executive wrote to all UK hospitals to inform them of the clinic, and encourage referral to it. The clinic liaises closely with the National CJD Surveillance Unit in Edinburgh, Scotland (NCJDSU) to ensure that both centres are aware of all UK prion disease patients.

## Referrals and staff

Aside from patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other prion diseases, referrals are welcome of healthy but at-risk individuals from families with inherited prion disease. With some of these large pedigrees a clinical relationship has been fostered for around two decades since mutations in the prion protein gene and their use in diagnosis and genetic counseling were first reported from 1989. Through collaboration with the UK Health Protection Agency referrals are received from individuals at risk of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease through blood transfusion.
In 2020 the clinic staff comprise consultant neurologists Professor John Collinge, Professor Simon Mead and Dr Peter Rudge, Clinical Research Fellows, Senior Clinical Psychologist, Lead Nurse, Clinical Nurse Specialists a Cohort Manager and administrator.
# Marie-Catherine Huot

Marie-Catherine Huot (30 April 1791 – 7 January 1869), known as Sainte-Madeleine in her vocation, succeeded Marie-Victoire Baudry as superior of the Congregation of Notre Dame with its motherhouse in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
# La Tigra

La Tigra may refer to:
* La Tigra, Chaco, a locality and municipality in Chaco Province, Argentina
* La Tigra, San Carlos, a district of San Carlos Canton, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica
* La Tigra National Park, in Honduras
# Pterolophia compacta

Pterolophia compacta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Tartan 27-2

The Tartan 27-2 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a cruiser and first built in 1976.
The Tartan 27-2 is a development of the Tartan 27 sloop and the Tartan 27 Yawl, with a raised sheer line, redesigned coach house and interior changes. The majority of Tartan 27s were produced with a masthead sloop rig, and a small number were produced with a yawl rig.

## Production

The boat was built by Tartan Marine, in Painesville, Ohio, from 1976 until 1979, with 64 boats completed.

## Design

The Tartan 27-2 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig or optional yawl rig, a raked stem, an angled transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed modified long keel with a cutaway forefoot and a retractable centerboard. It displaces 7,400 lb (3,357 kg) and carries 2,400 lb (1,089 kg) of ballast.
The design has a draft of 6.33 ft (1.93 m) with the centerboard extended and 3.17 ft (0.97 m) with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water or ground transportation on a trailer, when towed by a powerful enough vehicle to accommodate the boat's weight.
The majority (approximately 85%) of Tartan 27 models were produced with an inboard 30 hp (22 kW) Universal Atomic 4 gasoline engine, with an optional Farymann one cylinder 12 hp (9 kW) diesel engine for docking and maneuvering and has a hull speed of 6.2 kn (11.5 km/h).
The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settees in the main cabin on either wise of a drop-down dinette table. The galley is located on the starboard side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, an ice box and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the port side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the port side.

## Operational history

In a review for Boats.com, Charles Doane wrote, "the revised accommodation plan on the 27-2 (as it was designated) is more conventional and liveable, with an aft galley opposite an icebox/nav desk, two long settees between a fold-down table, plus a larger athwartship head. The great drawback to the 27-2 ... is that--to my eye, at least--it is not nearly as attractive and shippy looking as the original. Also, raising the sheer without changing the hull mold required a much more vulnerable outward-facing deck joint."
# Phymanthidae

Phymanthidae is a family of sea anemones belonging to the order Actiniaria.
Genera:
* Epicystes Ehrenberg, 1834
* Heteranthus Klunzinger, 1877
* Phymanthus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851
# Social uterus

Social uterus is a developmental concept in family therapy for psychosomatic disorders.
Social uterus as an integrative model of family development was invented by Vladislav Chvála and Ludmila Trapková in 1990's.
The metaphor of a social uterus was formed by comparing the biological function of the uterus and the maturation of the foetus inside it from conception to childbirth with the changes in the family from the birth of the child up to its separation around the age of 18. The metaphor translates facts well known from the biology of reproduction to the social level. In the "social uterus", the development and maturing of the indispensable "social organs and functions" of man can be observed. At a higher, social level of organization of live matter, the physical birth of the child may be viewed as the moment of the child's social conception.
This approach sums up the achievements of developmental psychology and the family therapy into a practical and understandable model, which is useful in clinical practice. The model offers an understanding of psychosomatic symptoms within a family. The concept has been gradually developed by the authors through extensive clinical work with individuals and families. It has shown to have clinical validity, particularly in family therapy for psychosomatic disorders and various chronic somatic diseases.
# Thomas Carper (poet)

Thomas Carper is an American poet. His work has appeared in Poetry, The American Scholar, The Formalist, and The Review (London).

## Awards

* 2003 Richard Wilbur Award

## Works

* "The First-born", Beloit Poetry Journal 29 (Spring 1979), 7.
* Distant Blue, University of Evansville Press, October 2003, ISBN 978-0-930982-57-7
* From Nature, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8018-5208-4
* Fiddle Lane, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-8018-4268-9
* Musicians: poems, Aralia Press, 1990
* Meter and meaning: an introduction to rhythm in poetry, Thomas Carper, Derek Attridge, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 978-0-415-31174-8

### Anthologies

* The Maine Poets: An Anthology, Wesley McNair, editor, Down East Books, November 25, 2003, ISBN 978-0-89272-629-5
* "Turning in Bed"; "That's a Nice Leg", Words brushed by music: twenty-five years of the Johns Hopkins poetry series, Editor John T. Irwin, JHU Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8018-8029-2
# Norte de Almería

Norte de Almería is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Andalusia. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.
The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the following municipalities: Chirivel, María, Vélez-Blanco and Vélez-Rubio, in the north of the province of Almería (Andalusia, Spain).
It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2008.

## Grape varieties

* White: Airén, Chardonnay, Macabeo and Sauvignon blanc
* Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Monastrell, Tempranillo and Syrah
The regulations specifically forbid the use of any genetically modified varieties for the production of wines.
# National Teachers Institute

The National Teachers' Institute (NTI) is a single-mode distance learning institution focused on teacher education. The institute has satellite campuses in all the 774 local government areas in Nigeria.

## History

The National Teachers' Institute was founded in 1976 by the Federal Government of Nigeria in response to the country's urgent demand for educated and competent teaching staff at all levels of the educational system.
In the NTI's NCE remote learning programs, 34,486 people graduated between 1993 and 1996.
# La Tigra, Chaco

La Tigra is a village and municipality located in the O'Higgins Department in Chaco Province in northern Argentina.

## Notable people

* Sergio Víctor Palma (1956–2021), professional boxer, WBA Super Bantamweight champion
# Pterostylis leptochila

Pterostylis leptochila, commonly known as the Ravensthorpe rufous greenhood or narrow-lipped rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a relatively large rosette of leaves. Flowering plants also have up to five large translucent white flowers with olive green and brown lines and markings and a narrow, insect-like labellum.

## Description

Pterostylis leptochila is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a rosette of between six and ten leaves. The leaves are 18–35 mm (0.7–1 in) long and 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide. Flowering plants have a rosette at the base of the flowering stem but the leaves are usually withered by flowering time. Up to five or more translucent white, olive green and brown flowers, 23–27 mm (0.9–1 in) long and 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) wide are borne on a flowering spike 150–250 mm (6–10 in) tall. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood or "galea" over the column with the dorsal sepal having a narrow tip 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. The lateral sepals turn downwards, slightly wider than the galea and suddenly taper to narrow tips 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long which turn forward and spread apart from each other. The labellum is fleshy, greenish-brown and insect-like, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and covered with short hairs. Flowering occurs from September to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis leptochila was first formally described in 1989 by Mark Clements and David Jones from a specimen collected near Ravensthorpe and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The specific epithet (leptochila) is derived from the Ancient Greek words leptos meaning "fine" or "small"$^{:488}$ and cheilos meaning "lip" or "rim"$^{:486}$ referring to the narrow labellum of this orchid.

## Distribution and habitat

The Ravensthorpe rufous greenhood grows in rocky soil in woodland and shrubland between Jerramungup and Ravensthorpe in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

Pterostylis leptochila is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Volatility clustering

In finance, volatility clustering refers to the observation, first noted by Mandelbrot (1963), that "large changes tend to be followed by large changes, of either sign, and small changes tend to be followed by small changes." A quantitative manifestation of this fact is that, while returns themselves are uncorrelated, absolute returns $|r_{t}|$ or their squares display a positive, significant and slowly decaying autocorrelation function: corr(|r$_t$|, |r$_{t+τ}$ |) > 0 for τ ranging from a few minutes to several weeks. This empirical property has been documented in the 90's by Granger and Ding (1993) and Ding and Granger (1996) among others; see also. Some studies point further to long-range dependence in volatility time series, see Ding, Granger and Engle (1993) and Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard.
Observations of this type in financial time series go against simple random walk models and have led to the use of GARCH models and mean-reverting stochastic volatility models in financial forecasting and derivatives pricing. The ARCH (Engle, 1982) and GARCH (Bollerslev, 1986) models aim to more accurately describe the phenomenon of volatility clustering and related effects such as kurtosis. The main idea behind these two models is that volatility is dependent upon past realizations of the asset process and related volatility process. This is a more precise formulation of the intuition that asset volatility tends to revert to some mean rather than remaining constant or moving in monotonic fashion over time.
# Picciotto

Picciotto may refer to:

## People

* Concepción Picciotto (1936–2016), Spanish-American peace activist
* Cyril Moses Picciotto (1888–1940), British barrister, writer and politician
* Danielle de Picciotto, American-born artist, musician and film maker in Germany
* Edgar de Picciotto, Swiss banker
* Guy Picciotto (born 1965), American singer, songwriter, guitarist, musician, and producer
* Irva Hertz-Picciotto (born 1948), American environmental epidemiologist
* Marina Picciotto (born 1963), American neuroscientist
* Joseph de Picciotto Bey (1872–1938), Egyptian senator and economist
* Nora Picciotto (born 1942), Egyptian noble and model
* Sol Picciotto (born 1942), British professor of law

## Other uses

* Picciotto (Mafia), a rank of Mafia associate
* Mount Picciotto, a mountain in Antarctica
# Sokoły

Sokoły is the nominative, accusative, and vocative plural of the word "sokół," meaning "falcon."
Sokoły may also refer to the following places:
* Sokoły, Grajewo County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Sokoły, Kolno County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Sokoły, Wysokie Mazowieckie County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Sokoły, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Sokoły, Gołdap County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Sokoły, Pisz County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Thomas Carpenter (MP)

Thomas Carpenter (by 1520 – 1565 or later), of St. Pancras without the Walls, Chichester, Sussex, was an English politician.
Carpenter was a Member of Parliament for Arundel in 1547 and Chichester in March 1553, October 1553 and April 1554.
# Kathleen Basford

Kathleen Basford (6 September 1916 – 20 December 1998) was a British botanist, with a special interest in genetics. She is known for discovering a form of fuchsia that was a cross between a New Zealand and Mexican fuchsia, proving this form of flower existed 20–30million years ago, before the continents had separated.

## Life

Basford was born in Grantham in 1916 and developed her interest in botany from her nanny, Winny, who taught her how to identify types of trees and wildflowers.
She studied at Harrogate Ladies College where biology was not on the curriculum. She then studied botanical drawing at an art school in Nottingham where she met Freddie Basford, a PhD chemistry student. They married in 1936. They later went on to live in Manchester and have 3 children.
In the late 1940s Basford began cultivating and hybridising species of fuchsia. She took evening classes on botany at Manchester University. In 1952, she wrote a paper for the Journal of the Fuchsia Society describing a hybrid fuchsia from a New Zealand fuchsia and a Mexico fuchsia, proving this form of flower existed 20–30 million years ago. This was used as evidence for continental drift and the continents had separated.
This earned her a job at the Botany Department at the University of Manchester, where she worked with geneticist S. C. Harland. She studied her M.S on the genetic and morphogenetic effects of radiation on groundsel plant material.
Basford travelled with Harland to Peru to work on breeding varieties of maize. Upon return to the UK, she took a position at the Department of Diagnostic Cytology at Christie Hospital, where she worked until her retirement.
She is also known for her research into the cultural significance of the Green Man, a mythical figure who had a head that sprouted foliage. In 1978, she published The Green Man, discussing how the figure was a motif for the "spiritual dimension of nature" in architecture, with an important relevance in modern society.
# La Voz del Interior

La Voz del Interior is a daily Spanish language newspaper edited and published in Córdoba, capital of the province of Córdoba, Argentina and the second-largest city in the country. The newspaper is the leading daily in Córdoba, and one of the most important in the country outside of Buenos Aires.

## History

La Voz was founded on March 15, 1904, by Silvestre Rafael Remonda and Juan Dionisio Naso, its first director.
Its production process and layout were completely redesigned on September 21, 1995. The composition process was computerized, and the paper itself was thereafter printed on a Goss Headliner press, in full color. One year later the online version of La Voz del Interior, called Intervoz, was started (its name was changed to La Voz on line in 2000 and to La Voz.com.ar in 2006). La Voz was acquired by the Clarín Group, the largest media conglomerate in Argentina and use the largest newspaper format characterized by long vertical pages called broadsheet, in 1997. Dynamic updates with breaking news were introduced in 2001, along with a new format.

## Circulation

La Voz had a circulation of 65,000 copies in 2000. According to third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb, La Voz's website is the 51st and 92nd most visited in Argentina respectively, as of August 2015. SimilarWeb rates the site as the 10th most visited news website in Argentina, attracting almost 5 million visitors per month.

## Criticism

A controversy arose at the daily during the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector, whereby columnist Enrique Lacolla was censored and ultimately fired before publishing a column opposing landowner lockouts titled "sedition of the agricultural sector." CISPREN (Círculo Sindical de la Prensa y la Comunicación de Córdoba, Circle Press Association and the Communication of Córdoba) condemned the episode.
# Puig Sesarques

Puig Sesarques is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 880 metres above sea level.
# Matthias Christian Rabbethge

Matthias Christian Rabbethge (1 March 1804, Klein Rodensleben – 26 December 1902, Klein Wanzleben) was a German sugar beet grower and sugar manufacturer.