# Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy

Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.
Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts." Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.

## Legend

A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.

### General sigla

    # beginning with 0: uncial
    # not beginning with 0: minuscule
    $^*$ superscript: original reading
    $^c$ superscript: scribal correction
    $^{ms}$ superscript: individual manuscript
    $^{mss}$ superscript: multiple manuscripts
    $^{pt}$ superscript: partial attestation
    $^{vid}$ superscript: uncertain reading
    arab: Arabic versions
    arm: Armenian versions
    𝔐 or Byz: Byzantine text-type
    cop: Coptic versions
       sa: Sahidic version
       bo: Boharic version
    eth: Ethiopic versions
    ƒ: Greek manuscripts family
    geo: Georgian versions
    goth: Gothic versions
    it: Italic/Vetus Latina
    lat: most Italic and Vulgate
    latt: all Italic and Vulgate
    𝔓: papyrus
    𝑙: individually numbered lectionary
    Lect: most or all numbered lectionaries
    parenthesized: approximate reading
    rell: all other extant manuscripts
    slav: Slavic versions
    syr: Syriac versions
    vg: Latin Vulgate
    ς: Textus Receptus

### Uncial sigla

    א‎: Codex Sinaiticus (01)
    A: Codex Alexandrinus (02)
    B: Codex Vaticanus (03)
    C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04)
    D$^{ea}$: Codex Bezae (05)
    D$^p$: Codex Claromontanus (06)
    K$^e$: Codex Cyprius (017)
    K$^{ap}$: Codex Mosquensis I (018)
    L$^e$: Codex Regius (New Testament) (019)
    L$^{ap}$: Codex Angelicus (020)
    P$^{apr}$: Codex Porphyrianus (025)
    S: Codex Vaticanus 354 (028)
    V: Codex Mosquensis II (031)
    W: Codex Washingtonianus (032)
    Z: Codex Dublinensis (035)
    Γ: Codex Tischendorfianus IV (036)
    Δ: Codex Sangallensis 48 (037)
    Θ: Codex Koridethi (038)
    Ξ: Codex Zacynthius (040)
    Π: Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament) (041)
    Φ: Codex Beratinus (043)
    Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044)
    Ω: Codex Athous Dionysiou (045)
    ff$^1$: Codex Corbeiensis I
    ff$^2$: Codex Corbeiensis II
    g$^1$: Codex Sangermanensis I
    k: Codex Bobiensis

### Critical editions

    T8th: Tischendorf's 8th Edition of Editio Octava Critica Maior
    WH: Westcott and Hort (1881)
    NA: Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland)
    UBS: United Bible Societies
    ECM: Editio Critica Maior

## Textual variants

1 Timothy 1:16
    Ιησους (Jesus) – F G 1739 1881
    Χριστος Ιησους (Christ Jesus) – A D* H Ψ 0262$^{vid}$ 33 104 326 365 629 1175 lat
    Ιησους Χριστος (Jesus Christ) – א D$^2$ Byz it vg$^{mss}$ syr
    Ιησους ο Χριστος (Jesus the Christ) – 614
1 Timothy 2:7
    αληθειαν λεγω (I am telling the truth) – א$^2$ A D* F G P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 263 330 424$^c$ 451 459 629 1175 1505 1739 1881 1912 2492 Lect$^{mss}$ lat syr cop eth Ambrosiaster Ambrose Chrysostom John$^{Dam}$
    αληθειαν λεγω εγω (I am telling the truth) – 2495
    αληθειαν λεγω Χριστος (I am telling the truth of Christ) – 436
    αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω (I am telling the truth in Christ) – א* D$^2$ H K L 33$^{vid}$ 88 181 256 326 365 424* 614 630 1241 1573 1852 1877 2127 Byz Lect$^{mss}$ it$^{ar}$ vg$^{mss}$ goth arm slav Theodoret Euthalius
    αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω Ιησου (I am telling the truth in Christ Jesus) – 1319
1 Timothy 3:1
    ανθρωπινος (human or of a man) – D* it$^{b,d,g,m,mon}$ Ambrosiaster Jerome$^{mss}$ Augustine Speculum
    πιστος (faithful) – rell
1 Timothy 3:14
    προς σε (to you) – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 cop$^{sa}$
1 Timothy 3:16
    ομολογουμεν ως (just as we are professing) – D* 1175
    ομολογουμενως (admittedly) – rell
1 Timothy 3:16
    ος εφανερωθη (he who was manifested) – א* A* C* F G 33 365 442 1175 2127 ℓ$^{60}$ ℓ$^{599}$ syr goth eth Origen$^{lat}$ Didymus Epiphanius Jerome Cyril Liberatus
    ο εφανερωθη (which was manifested) – D* it vg
    ω εφανερωθη (which was made manifest) – 061
    ΘϹ εφανερωθη or θεος εφανερωθη (God was manifested) – א$^c$ A$^c$ C$^c$ D$^c$ K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 181 263 326 330 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1241 1319 1573 1739 1852 1877 1881 1912 1962 1984 1985 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect$^{mss}$ slav Gregory Chrysostom Theodoret Euthalius Theodore of Mopsuestia
    ο θεος εφανερωθη (the God was manifested) – 88
    ος θεος εφανερωθη (the God who was manifested) – 256 ℓ$^{597}$
1 Timothy 4:10
    αγωνιζομεθα – א* A C F$^{gr}$ G$^{gr}$ K Ψ 33 88 104 326 442 915 1175
    ονειδιζομεθα – א$^c$ D L (P ονειδιζωμεθα) 81 181 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 Byz Lect
    ωνειδιζομεθα – 1881 1985
1 Timothy 5:5
    θεον (God) – C F G P Ψ 048 lat syr cop
    τον θεον (of God) – א$^2$ A D$^2$ 1739 1881 Byz
    τον κυριον (of the LORD) – D* 81 vg$^{mss}$
    κυριον (the LORD) – א*
1 Timothy 5:19
    εκτος ει μη επι δυο η τριων μαρτυρων (except from two or three witnesses) – omitted by it$^b$ Ambrosiaster Jerome$^{mss}$ Pelagius
1 Timothy 5:21
    Χριστου Ιησου – א A D* G 33 81 104 365 629 latt cop Clement
    Ιησου Χριστου – F Ψ 630 1175 1739 1881
    κυριου Ιησου Χριστου – D$^2$ Byz syr
1 Timothy 6:7
    οτι – א A F G 048 061 33 81 1739 1881
    δηλον οτι – א$^c$ D$^c$ K L P Ψ 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz
    αλητες οτι – D*
1 Timothy 6:21
    αμην (Amen) – א$^2$ D$^2$ K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 88 104 181 256 263 326 330 365 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1175 1241 1319 1573 1739$^c$ 1852 1877 1912 1962 1984 1985 2127 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect it$^{mss}$ vg$^{mss}$ syr cop$^{bo}$ eth slav Ambrosiaster Theodoret John$^{Dam}$
    omitted – א* A D* F G 33 81 1311 1739* 1881 it$^{mss}$ vg$^{mss}$ cop$^{sa}$ Chrysostom Pelagius Euthalius$^{mss}$ Speculum