OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Torpedo bulkhead

A torpedo bulkhead is a type of naval armor common on the more heavily armored warships, especially battleships and battlecruisers of the early 20th century. It is designed to keep the ship afloat even if the hull is struck underneath the belt armor by a shell or by a torpedo.

## History

As early torpedoes had demonstrated their effectiveness at seriously damaging ships below the waterline by the 1880s, naval designers began developing methods to better protect ships against the new weapons. The earliest protection scheme was devised by Sir Edward Reed in 1884; he proposed a double bottom that included an armored inner hull lining that connected to the bottom edges of the belt armor. It was not adopted, as it imposed serious limitations on internal space and reduced the thickness of the belt. Subsequent, early attempts relied primarily on the coal bunkers, on the assumption that the ship's coal would absorb the blast effects, which would be contained by the interior longitudinal bulkhead. A significant problem with these early arrangements was that once the coal was depleted, the empty compartments offered little to no resistance; worse still, coal dust could explode, and given that the bunkers needed to be accessed by boiler room crews, they could not easily be made watertight.
In the 1910s, naval designers began to transition from coal to fuel oil to power their ships; bunkers filled with liquid fuel proved to be much more effective at absorbing the blast effects of an underwater explosion, and unlike coal bunkers, they could be filled with water once emptied. During this period, many designers also began to adopt multi-layered protection schemes, some of which were also coupled with anti-torpedo bulges, to improve the survivability of their ships. The historian Roger Branfill-Cook characterizes the American Tennessee-class battleships, designed in 1915, as having the best layout of the period, which featured three armored bulkheads layered between three liquid-filled compartments, and placed between an empty void and unarmored bulkhead on either side. For example, the last US battleship designs during World War II had up to four torpedo bulkheads and a triple-bottom. During the 1930s, some designers experimented with empty tubes running the length of the torpedo defense system, most notably the Pugliese system, though these proved to be largely ineffective.
In multi-bulkhead systems, the innermost bulkhead is commonly referred to as the "holding bulkhead", and often this bulkhead would be manufactured from high-tensile steel that could deform and absorb the pressure pulse from a torpedo hit without breaking. If the final bulkhead was at least 37 mm thick, it may also be referred to as an "armored bulkhead", as it would be capable of stopping splinters and shells with low striking velocities.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Branfill-Cook, pp. 156–158.
* ↑ Branfill-Cook, pp. 158–159.
* ↑ Gillmer & Johnson, p. 185.
* ↑ Branfill-Cook, p. 160.
* ↑ Branfill-Cook, p. 158.
# T. Marzetti Company

The T. Marzetti Company is the Specialty Food Group of the Lancaster Colony Corporation. T. Marzetti produces numerous salad dressings, fruit and vegetable dips, frozen baked goods and specialty brand items. It is the largest food and beverage company headquartered in Central Ohio. Headquartered in Westerville, Ohio, the T. Marzetti Company was founded by Teresa Marzetti.

## History

T. Marzetti started out as an Italian restaurant in Columbus, Ohio, started by the couple of Teresa and Joseph Marzetti, recent Italian immigrants, in 1896. Teresa's opening credo was:
"We will start a new place and serve good food. At a profit if we can, at a loss if we must, but we will serve good food."
Marzetti's became a local favorite especially among Ohio State University students, and grew to become a four star restaurant. Customers particularly enjoyed Teresa's Johnny Marzetti, a pasta dish named for her brother-in-law, as well as her homemade salad dressings. By 1955, Marzetti's upstairs kitchen of the restaurant became a full-scale factory, and the Marzetti brand of salad dressings found its way into grocery stores throughout Ohio. By the late 1960's, the company built a dressing production plant in Columbus' Clintonville neighborhood on Indianola Avenue. After Teresa Marzetti's death in 1972, the restaurant closed, but the company and factory have continued on to this day.
Today, the company has expanded its operations at other plants including two additional plants in Columbus, Ohio, as well as in Horse Cave, Kentucky and Milpitas, California.

## Products

* Caviar
* Condiments
* Croutons and toppings
* Desserts and glazes
* Dips
* Dressings
* Egg noodles
* Frozen breads & rolls
* Light and reduced-calorie dressings
* Fresh bread

## Brands

* Marzetti (Dressings and dips)
* New York Brand (Frozen Breads and croutons)
* Sister Schubert's (Frozen Breads)
* Amish Kitchens (Egg Noodles)
* Chatham Village (croutons)
* Cardini's (Dressings)
* Girard's (Dressings) (now licensed to a subsidiary of Haco AG, Bern, Switzerland)
* Inn Maid (Egg Noodles)
* Pfeiffer (Dressings)
* Reames (Egg Noodles)
* Romanoff (Caviar)
* Jack Daniel's Mustard
* Angelic Bakehouse (Bread, wraps, and crusts)
* Flatout (Flatbreads and Flatbread products)
* Chick-fil-A Sauce
# Llopis

Llopis is a Catalan surname; a variant of the Spanish patronymic, Lopez. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Ferrer Llopis, Spanish retired footballer
* Carlos Llopis (1913–1970), Spanish dramatist
* Diego Llopis (1929–2013), Spanish footballer
* Enrique Llopis, Spanish athlete
* Francesca Llopis (born 1956), Spanish artist
* Jorge Llopis (1919–1976), Spanish satirist, actor and playwright
* José Llopis Corona (1918–2011), Spanish footballer
* Manuel Goded Llopis, Spanish general
* Pascual Donat Llopis, Spanish football manager
* Pascual Fresquet Llopis, Valencian libertarian communist
* Rafael Llopis (born 1933), Spanish psychiatrist, writer and translator
* Rodolfo Llopis (1895–1983), Spanish politician
* Salvador Llopis (1950–2014), Spanish footballer
* Sergio Llopis (born 1978), Spanish badminton player
* Llopis brothers of Los Llopis, Cuban music group
# The Spirit of '67

The Spirit of '67 may refer to:
* The Spirit of '67 (Oliver Nelson and Pee Wee Russell album), 1967
* The Spirit of '67 (Paul Revere & the Raiders album), 1966
* Spirit of '67, an album by Vanilla Fudge, 2015
# Meridian Bank

Meridian Bank could refer to:

## Institutions

* Crédit Agricole Srbija
* Meridian Bank (Canada)
* UMB Financial Corporation

## Buildings

* Meridian Bank Tower (Phoenix)
# List of lakes of Wyoming

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Following is a list of lakes in Wyoming. Information listed is taken from the infobox in the associated article unless otherwise specified. Swimming, fishing, and/or boating are permitted in some of these lakes, but not all.
| Name | Location | Coordinates |
| Amphitheater Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°43′47″N 110°46′52″W﻿ / ﻿43.72972°N 110.78111°W﻿ / 43.72972; -110.78111 |
| Lake Alice | Lincoln County | 42°24.7′N 110°44.7′W﻿ / ﻿42.4117°N 110.7450°W﻿ / 42.4117; -110.7450 |
| Bradley Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°42′51″N 110°45′18″W﻿ / ﻿43.71417°N 110.75500°W﻿ / 43.71417; -110.75500 |
| Dudley Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°52′48″N 110°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿43.88000°N 110.78167°W﻿ / 43.88000; -110.78167 |
| Emma Matilda Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°53′11″N 110°31′58″W﻿ / ﻿43.88639°N 110.53278°W﻿ / 43.88639; -110.53278 |
| Flaming Gorge Reservoir | Sweetwater County | 41°09′41″N 109°33′04″W﻿ / ﻿41.16139°N 109.55111°W﻿ / 41.16139; -109.55111 |
| Fremont Lake | Sublette County | 42°56′37″N 109°48′27″W﻿ / ﻿42.94361°N 109.80750°W﻿ / 42.94361; -109.80750 |
| Jackson Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°54′02″N 110°40′26″W﻿ / ﻿43.90056°N 110.67389°W﻿ / 43.90056; -110.67389 |
| Jenny Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°45′50″N 110°43′48″W﻿ / ﻿43.76389°N 110.73000°W﻿ / 43.76389; -110.73000 |
| Leigh Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°48′43″N 110°43′56″W﻿ / ﻿43.81194°N 110.73222°W﻿ / 43.81194; -110.73222 |
| New Fork Lake | Sublette County | 43°5′45″N 109°56′47″W﻿ / ﻿43.09583°N 109.94639°W﻿ / 43.09583; -109.94639 |
| Phelps Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°38′34″N 110°47′41″W﻿ / ﻿43.64278°N 110.79472°W﻿ / 43.64278; -110.79472 |
| Lake Solitude | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°47′33″N 110°50′41″W﻿ / ﻿43.79250°N 110.84472°W﻿ / 43.79250; -110.84472 |
| String Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°47′16″N 110°44′01″W﻿ / ﻿43.78778°N 110.73361°W﻿ / 43.78778; -110.73361 |
| Taggart Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°42′15″N 110°45′17″W﻿ / ﻿43.70417°N 110.75472°W﻿ / 43.70417; -110.75472 |
| Ocean Lake | Fremont County | 43°11′04″N 108°36′02″W﻿ / ﻿43.18444°N 108.60056°W﻿ / 43.18444; -108.60056 |
| Two Ocean Lake | Grand Teton National Park, Teton County | 43°54′34″N 110°31′25″W﻿ / ﻿43.90944°N 110.52361°W﻿ / 43.90944; -110.52361 |
| Wrangler Lake | Yellowstone National Park, Park County | 44°41′0″N 110°26′5″W﻿ / ﻿44.68333°N 110.43472°W﻿ / 44.68333; -110.43472 |
| Willow Lake | Sublette County | 43°0′09″N 109°52′09″W﻿ / ﻿43.00250°N 109.86917°W﻿ / 43.00250; -109.86917 |
| Yellowstone Lake | Yellowstone National Park, Teton County | 44°28′N 110°22′W﻿ / ﻿44.467°N 110.367°W﻿ / 44.467; -110.367 |
| Lake De Smet | Johnson County | 44°27′58″N 106°44′18″W |
# Insular region of Colombia

The insular region of Colombia includes the oceanic islands outside the continental territory. In the Caribbean this includes the San Andrés and Providencia islands near Central America and the many coastal islands along mainland Colombia. In the Pacific, it includes Gorgona Island and Malpelo Island. The ecosystems and wildlife found on these islands are the same as those found on their adjacent mainland areas. For example, the terrestrial habitat on Gorgona Island is tropical rainforest, similar to what is found in the Pacific lowlands of mainland Colombia.

## Pacific islands

* Gorgona Island (Isla Gorgona): 35 km (22 mi) off the coast of Cauca Department, near the town of Guapi
* Gorgonilla Island (Isla Gorgonilla): smaller island next to Gorgona Island
* Malpelo Island (Isla Malpelo): 500 km (310 mi) off the Colombian coast
* Palm Island (Isla Palma): at the mouth of Málaga Bay (Bahía Málaga)

## Caribbean islands

* San Andrés and Providencia
* Archipiélago de San Bernardo
** Boquerón Island
** Cabruna Island
** Ceycén Island
** Mangle Island
** Múcura Island
** Palma Island
** Panda Island
** Santa Cruz del Islote (English: Santa Cruz Islet, an artificial island)
** Tintipán Island
** Maravilla Island
* Islas del Rosario
* Fuerte Island
* Barú Island
* Tortuguilla Island
* Tierra Bomba Island

## Protected areas

* PNN Uramba Bahía Málaga
* PNN Isla Gorgona
* SFF Malpelo
* PNN Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo
* PNN Old Providence McBean Lagoon
# Orangetail shiner

The orangetail shiner (Pteronotropis merlini) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the southeastern United States. It is endemic to in the Choctawhatchee River drainage in southeastern Alabama.

## Description

The fish is similar to the sailfin shiner. It has a very deep and compressed body. It has between 35 and 42 scales along the lateral line. It has a maximum total length of 6.5 cm (2.5 in).
It usually has 10 anal rays. Breeding males have a chevron-shaped black blotch at the origin of the caudal fin separated from a dark black stripe along the side, and have orange caudal and anal fins.

## Distribution and habitat

The fish is the only fish found exclusively in Alabama, primarily upland in the Choctawhatchee River system before it merges with the Pea River.
Orangetail shiners are found in sand-bottomed and silt-bottomed creeks and small rivers. It is often found among debris and undercut banks. It is found in bodies with reduced current, usually under overhanging banks or overhanging vegetation, or around roots or stumps. The fish prefers temperatures from 12°C (54°F) to 23°C (73°F).
# Muhammad Shahjahan

Muhammad Shahjahan (2 January 1939 – 20 September 2000) was a Bangladeshi academic. He served as the 6th vice-chancellor of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).

## Education

Shahjahan passed matriculation exam from Armanitola Government High School in 1954 and intermediate examination from Dhaka College in 1956. He then earned his bachelor's in civil engineering from Ahsanullah Engineering College in 1960. He obtained his master's from Colorado State University in 1963 and Ph.D. from University of Strathclyde in 1970.

## Career

Shahjahan joined as a lecturer in Ahsanullah Engineering College (later BUET) in October 1960. He served as the vice-chancellor of BUET from April 1991 to November 1996. His second-term reappointment was truncated by a teacher-students-employees agitation. He retired from BUET in January 2000.
Shahjahan died on 20 September 2000 at Shaheed Suhrawardy Hospital in Dhaka.
# Samuel M. Stahl

Rabbi Samuel M. Stahl (born August 25, 1939) is rabbi emeritus of Temple Beth-El (San Antonio, Texas) since 2002. Rabbi Stahl served the San Antonio, Texas Temple Beth-El for 26 years as its "Senior Rabbi." Previously, Rabbi Stahl served as a chaplain in the United States Army and as rabbi of Congregation B'nai Israel of Galveston, Texas.

## Publications

In 1993, Rabbi Stahl wrote, Making the Timeless Timely: Thoughts and reflections of a contemporary reform rabbi and "Boundaries, Not Barriers: Some Uniquely Jewish Perspectives on Life."
# The Sophomore

The Sophomore is a 1929 American sound all-talking pre-Code comedy film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Eddie Quillan, Sally O'Neil and Jeanette Loff. Made during the early sound era, it was shot using the RCA Photophone sound system. The film survives in an mute print of the alternate sound version known as an International Sound Version which was meant to be played along with Vitaphone discs. It is not known whether the Vitaphone type soundtrack discs to the International Sound Version are extant.

## Plot

Sophomore Joe Collins returns to college for his second year, but loses the money for his tuition in a craps game. To raise the money he takes a job working as a soda jerk. When he loses that job, he is supported financially by his co-worker Margie Callahan without his knowledge. Eventually, after a major college football game, he discovers the truth.

## Cast

* Eddie Quillan as Joe Collins
* Sally O'Neil as Margie Callahan
* Stanley Smith as Tom Weck
* Jeanette Loff as Barbara Lange
* Russell Gleason as Dutch
* Sarah Padden as Mrs. Collins
* Brooks Benedict as Dan Willis
* Spec O'Donnell as Joe's Nephew
* Walter O'Keefe as Gabriel McAfee - Radio Announcer
* Jimmy Aldine as Student
* Lew Ayres as Sophomore Fraternity Brother
* Ray Cooke as Sophomore Fraternity Brother
* Stuart Erwin as Radio Broadcast Technician
* Dorothy Granger as Co-Ed
* Marian Marsh as Co-Ed
* Grady Sutton as Cupie - Freshman Fraternity Brother
* Gretta Tuttle as Co-Ed
* Dorothy Ward as Co-Ed

## Music

The film features a theme song entitled "Little By Little" which was composed by Robert Emmett Dolan (as Bobby Dolan) and Walter O'Keefe. In the film it is sung by Eddie Quillan and Sally O'Neil.
# Mežica

Mežica (pronounced ; German: Mießdorf) is a town in northern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Mežica. It lies on the Meža River in the traditional Slovenian province of Carinthia) near the Austrian border. The town developed close to a lead and zinc mine under Mount Peca. Mining began in 1665 and ended in 1994. Today the mine is only open for tourist visits.
The town once had a small ski area on Mount Peca, but this closed soon after the mining operations ceased to operate.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint James. It is a single-nave building built in 1840 to replace an earlier smaller building.
# List of municipalities in Denizli Province

This is the List of municipalities in Denizli Province, Turkey as of October 2007.

## Municipalities

List is sorted alphabetically A-Z, as Districts->Municipalities.
| District | Municipality |
| Acıpayam | Acıpayam |
| Acıpayam | Akalan |
| Acıpayam | Alaattin |
| Acıpayam | Darıveren |
| Acıpayam | Dedebağı |
| Acıpayam | Dodurgalar |
| Acıpayam | Gölcük |
| Acıpayam | Kelekçi |
| Acıpayam | Kumavşarı |
| Acıpayam | Yassıhüyük |
| Acıpayam | Yazır |
| Acıpayam | Yeşildere |
| Acıpayam | Yeşilyuva |
| Acıpayam | Yumrutaş |
| Akköy | Akköy |
| Akköy | Gölemezli |
| Babadağ | Babadağ |
| Baklan | Baklan |
| Baklan | Boğaziçi |
| Baklan | Dağal |
| Bekilli | Bekilli |
| Bekilli | Kutlubey |
| Beyağaç | Beyağaç |
| Bozkurt | Bozkurt |
| Bozkurt | İnceler |
| Buldan | Buldan |
| Buldan | Yenicekent |
| Çal | Akkent |
| Çal | Belevi |
| Çal | Çal |
| Çal | Denizler |
| Çal | Hançalar |
| Çal | İsabey |
| Çal | Ortaköy |
| Çal | Selcen |
| Çal | Süller |
| Çameli | Çameli |
| Çardak | Beylerli |
| Çardak | Çardak |
| Çardak | Gemiş |
| Çivril | Çıtak |
| Çivril | Çivril |
| Çivril | Emirhisar |
| Çivril | Gümüşsu |
| Çivril | Gürpınar |
| Çivril | Irgıllı |
| Çivril | Işıklı |
| Çivril | Kıralan |
| Çivril | Kızılcasöğüt |
| Çivril | Özdemirci |
| Denizli (Merkez) | Akkale |
| Denizli | Aşağışamlı |
| Denizli | Bağbaşı |
| Denizli | Başkarcı |
| Denizli | Bereketli |
| Denizli | Cankurtaran |
| Denizli | Denizli |
| Denizli | Gökpınar |
| Denizli | Göveçlik |
| Denizli | Gözler |
| Denizli | Gümüşler |
| Denizli | Hallaçlar |
| Denizli | Irlaganlı |
| Denizli | Karahayıt |
| Denizli | Kayıhan |
| Denizli | Kınıklı |
| Denizli | Korucuk |
| Denizli | Pamukkale |
| Denizli | Pınarkent |
| Denizli | Servergazi |
| Denizli | Uzunpınar |
| Denizli | Üçler |
| Güney | Eziler |
| Güney | Güney |
| Honaz | Honaz |
| Honaz | Kaklık |
| Honaz | Karaçay |
| Honaz | Kızılyer |
| Honaz | Kocabaş |
| Kale | Gölbaşı |
| Kale | Kale |
| Kale | Karaköy |
| Sarayköy | Ahmetli |
| Sarayköy | Duacılı |
| Sarayköy | Sarayköy |
| Sarayköy | Sığma |
| Sarayköy | Tosunlar |
| Serinhisar | Serinhisar |
| Serinhisar | Yatağan |
| Tavas | Baharlar |
| Tavas | Çağırgan |
| Tavas | Garipköy |
| Tavas | Karahisar |
| Tavas | Kızılca |
| Tavas | Kızılcabölük |
| Tavas | Nikfer |
| Tavas | Pınarlar |
| Tavas | Solmaz |
| Tavas | Tavas |
| Tavas | Ulukent |

## Changes in 2014

According to Law act no. 6360, belde (town) municipalities within provinces with more than 750,000 population (so called Metropolitan municipalities) were abolished as of 30 March 2014. 68 belde municipalities in the above list are now defunct. The list is kept for historical reference.
# Insulasaurus

Insulasaurus is a genus of skinks. They are all endemic to the Philippines.

## Species

The following four species, listed alphabetically by specific name, are recognized as being valid:
* Insulasaurus arborens (Taylor, 1917)
* Insulasaurus traanorum (Linkem, Diesmos & Brown, 2010)
* Insulasaurus victoria (Brown & Alcala, 1980)
* Insulasaurus wrighti Taylor, 1925
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Insulasaurus.
# Island in the Sun

Island in the Sun may refer to:
* Island in the Sun, a nickname for the island of Sri Lanka.
* Island in the Sun (novel), a 1955 novel by Alec Waugh
* Island in the Sun (film), a 1957 film adapted from the novel by Alec Waugh
** "Island in the Sun" (Harry Belafonte song), a song by Harry Belafonte, which was the theme tune to the 1957 film
* Island in the Sun (album), an album by Shwayze
* "Island in the Sun" (Weezer song), a 2001 song by Weezer
* Island in the Sun, a.k.a. Johnny's Island, an unreleased album by Neil Young
* "Island in the Sun," a song by Alcatrazz from their 1983 album No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll
* "Island in the Sun," a song by Ringo Starr from his 2015 album Postcards from Paradise
# Ten Songs from Live at Carnegie Hall

Ten Songs from Live at Carnegie Hall is a live album by Ryan Adams, released on June 9, 2015. The album reached peak positions of number 113 on the Billboard 200 and number 14 on Billboard's Top Rock Albums chart, respectively.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ryan Adams, unless otherwise noted
Track listing adapted from AllMusic.
# Optical correlator

An optical correlator is an optical computer for comparing two signals by utilising the Fourier transforming properties of a lens. It is commonly used in optics for target tracking and identification.

## Introduction

The correlator has an input signal which is multiplied by some filter in the Fourier domain. An example filter is the matched filter which uses the cross correlation of the two signals.
The cross correlation or correlation plane, $c(x,y)$ of a 2D signal $i(x,y)$ with $h(x,y)$ is
    $c(x,y)=i(x,y)\otimes h^{*}(-x,-y)$
This can be re-expressed in Fourier space as
    $C(\xi ,\eta )=I(\xi ,\eta )H^{*}(-\xi ,-\eta )$
where the capital letters denote the Fourier transform of what the lower case letter denotes. So the correlation can then be calculated by inverse Fourier transforming the result.

## Implementation

According to Fresnel Diffraction theory a convex lens of focal length $f$ will produce the exact Fourier transform at a distance $f$ behind the lens of an object placed $f$ distance in front of the lens. So that complex amplitudes are multiplied, the light source must be coherent and is typically from a laser. The input signal and filter are commonly written onto a spatial light modulator (SLM).
A typical arrangement is the 4f correlator. The input signal is written to an SLM which is illuminated with a laser. This is Fourier transformed with a lens and this is then modulated with a second SLM containing the filter. The resultant is again Fourier transformed with a second lens and the correlation result is captured on a camera.

## Filter design

Many filters have been designed to be used with an optical correlator. Some have been proposed to address hardware limitations, others were developed to optimize a merit function or to be invariant under a certain transformation.

### Matched filter

The matched filter maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio and is simply obtained by using as a filter the Fourier transform of the reference signal $r(x,y)$.
    $H(\xi ,\eta )=R(\xi ,\eta )$

### Phase-only filter

The phase-only filter is easier to implement due to limitation of many SLMs and has been shown to be more discriminant than the matched filter.
    $H(\xi ,\eta )={\frac {R(\xi ,\eta )}{\left\vert R(\xi ,\eta )\right\vert }}$
# Muhammad Zia

Muhammad Zia and variants may refer to:
* Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924–1988), sixth president of Pakistan
* Muhammad Zia Hamdard
* Mohammed Zia Salehi, chief of administration for the National Security Council in Afghanistan.