OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Towne

John Towne (1711?–1791) was an English churchman and controversialist, archdeacon of Stow from 1765.

## Life

Born about 1711, was educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1732 and M.A. in 1736.
Towne became vicar of Thorpe-Ernald, Leicestershire, on 22 June 1740, and archdeacon of Stowe in 1765. He was a prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral, and rector of Little Paunton, Lincolnshire. He was a friend of William Warburton.
Towne died on 15 March 1791 at Little Paunton, where he was buried, a mural tablet being erected to his memory in the church. By his wife Anne, who died on 31 January 1754, he left three daughters and one son, who became a painter and died young.

## Works

His works are:
* A Critical Inquiry into the Opinions and Practice of the Ancient Philosophers, concerning the nature of the Soul and a Future State, and their method of teaching by the double doctrine, (anon.), London, 1747. With a preface by William Warburton; 2nd edit. London, 1748.
* The Argument of the Divine Legation, fairly stated and returned to the Deists, to whom it was originally addressed’ London, 1751. Defence of Warburton's The Divine Legation of Moses.
* A Free and Candid Examination of the Principles advanced in the … Bishop of London's … Sermons, lately published; and in his … Discourses on Prophecy (anon.), London, 1756. To Thomas Sherlock.
* Dissertation on the Antient Mysteries, London, 1766.
* Remarks on Dr. Lowth's Letter to the Bishop of Gloucester. With the Bishop's Appendix, and the second Epistolary Correspondence between his Lordship and the Doctor annexed (anon.), 2 pts. London, 1766. On the debate of Warburton with Robert Lowth.
* Exposition of the Orthodox System of Civil Rights, and Church Power; addressed to Dr. Stebbing. To Henry Stebbing.
# Lê Duy Mật

Lê Duy Mật (chữ Hán: 黎維, 1738–1767) was a Vietnamese rebel leader who was active in the 18th century.
Mật was a son of Emperor Lê Dụ Tông. In 1738, he planned a plot against the Trịnh lord together with two princes, his brother Lê Duy Quý and Lê Duy Chúc (son of Lê Hy Tông), but failed. They had to flee, and hid somewhere in Thanh Hóa.
In 1740, Mật launched a rebellion against the Trịnh lords in Thanh Hóa. He attacked Hưng Hóa and Sơn Tây. He was defeated by the Trịnh army, retreated to Nghệ An, then to Muang Phuan, and occupied Trình Quang Mountain as his base area. In 1764, he sought aid from Nguyễn Phúc Khoát, but was refused because the Nguyễn lords did not want to engage in conflict with the Trịnh lords.
In 1767, Trịnh Doanh died, and his son Trịnh Sâm succeeded him as the head of the Trinh lords. Hearing the news, Mật attacked Thanh Chương and Hương Sơn, but was defeated. In 1769, he was defeated by the Trịnh army. He set fire to the fort and committed suicide.
# METAFOR

The Common Metadata for Climate Modelling Digital Repositories, or METAFOR project, is creating a Common Information Model (CIM) for climate data and the models that produce it.
The CIM aims to describe climate data and the models that produce it in a standard way, and to address the fragmentation and gaps in availability of metadata (data describing data) as well as duplication of information collection and problems of identifying, accessing or using climate data that are currently found in existing repositories. A further aim of the METAFOR project is to ensure the wide adoption of the CIM.
METAFOR is optimizing the way climate data infrastructures are used to store knowledge, thereby adding value to primary research data and information, and providing an essential asset for the numerous stakeholders actively engaged in climate change issues (policy, research, impacts, mitigation, private sector).
METAFOR has created tools for practical use of the CIM, e.g., the CMIP5 questionnaire for input and creation of CIM documents. External groups, e.g., the Earth Systems Grid, are also writing tools for CIM content.

## METAFOR and the CMIP5 metadata questionnaire

METAFOR was tasked by the World Climate Research Programme to produce the metadata for the 5th Coupled model intercomparison project, an international experiment involving multiple general circulation models that will serve as a basis for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report.
The CMIP5 questionnaire is an ambitious metadata collection tool and will help scientists to provide the most comprehensive metadata of any climate model inter-comparison project. It aims to collect enough detail to allow users to easily:
* browse the archive & find desired datasets
* easily differentiate between the “genealogy” (related models & experiments) of datasets
The questionnaire also allows users to enter descriptions of components which are not already specified by the questionnaire controlled vocabulary. It produces XML output complies with the Metafor Common Information Model (CIM), allowing tools and services developed using the CIM to be applied to the questionnaire outputs.
# Lò trấu

The lò trấu ("rice husk stove") is a type of versatile fuel burning cook stove used in Vietnam since the 1950s. Lò trấu comes from lò (stove) and trấu (rice husk). A kitchen with this kind of stove is a bếp trấu, "husk kitchen."

## History and design

The timeline of the development of the lò trấu is unclear, however, it is known that the Lo Trau has been in use in Vietnam at least since the 1950s. The fixed version Lo Trau stove is thought to be strongly related to the Castrol stove design of the architect François de Cuvilliés in 1735 and similar European designs in the 1830s, with flue pipes connected to the chimney, oven holes into which concentric iron rings on which the pots were placed. Depending on the size of the pot or the heat needed, one could remove the inner rings. A recent innovation is the portable Lo Trau. Its compact design and efficient operation has been the target of a number of studies. Recently it has been distributed in the Negros area of the Philippines in The Southern Negros Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Projects in the 1990s. This relatively late uptake of apparently long-used innovation means the potential of rice husk as fuel has been overlooked by many for a long time, as well as the obscurity of the Lo Trau designs to the wider world.

## Operation

The stove is started by burning easily ignited material such as bundle of coconut leaves, newspaper partially embedded in the rice husks or other fuels in the combustion chamber area. After the fire is established, the updraft air from the stove designs will quickly sustain and magnify the combustion. The rate of combustion is regulated by removing an appropriate amount of ash from under the combustion area with a poker, thus enabling more fuel to enter.

## Fuel

Contrary to the name, the Lo Trau is quite versatile. It can burn wood chips, sawdust, small branches, small logs (with reduced heat controlling ability) and leaves.

## Efficiency

Open fire has four major disadvantages: It is dangerous, it produces much smoke, soot blackens the cookware, and the heat efficiency is poor. The enclosed design of the Lo Trau means complete combustion of the fuel, better use of the heat that it generated and thus reduce the fuel consumption by its furnace-like burning generated by the updraft through the chimney. Due to its furnace-like operation, most fuel will be burned thoroughly into fine ashes with almost no waste. In situ test findings showed that it took only 5 minutes to boil water using an approximate 180g of rice husk. This figure is impressive when compared to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), fuelwood, and charcoal stoves, which required 5, 15, and 20 minutes respectively to boil the same amount of water. At the present time both wood and charcoal fires are frequently ignited using kerosene, a cost that would be eliminated with the rice husk stove.
# MDISC

MDISC can refer to
* M-DISC, an optical media technology
* McDonnell Douglas Information Systems Company (MDISC), former owner of the Tymnet network
# MV Skookum (1912)

MV Skookum was a ferry that linked the communities of Naramata and Summerland on Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, Canada.
The Okanagan Lake Boat Company was first incorporated by pioneer John Moore Robinson in 1909 before going under the management of Peter Roe in 1912. It was later purchased by the Naramata Syndicate, which began a new line of larger and more modern boats. Skookum was the first of these; she was a 50 feet (15 m)-long motor launch that could carry 60 passengers. The Naramata Syndicate also built scows for freight and cargo to assist Skookum and the other ferries.
In November, 1913, Skookum collided with the Canadian Pacific Railway company's SS Castlegar between the communities Trout Creek and Penticton. Skookum sunk and was replaced by MV Trepanier, a similar, but smaller boat that had hitherto been used for pleasure trips.
# MOS

MOS or Mos may refer to:

## Technology

* MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor
* Mathematical Optimization Society
* Model output statistics, a weather-forecasting technique
* MOS (filmmaking), a filmmaking jargon acronym
* Mobile operating system, operating systems for mobile devices

### Computing

* Acorn MOS, an operating system used in the Acorn BBC computer range
* Media Object Server, a protocol used in newsroom computer systems
* Mean opinion score, a measure of the perceived quality of a signal
* MOS (operating system), a Soviet Unix clone
* My Oracle Support, a support site for the users of Oracle Corporation products, known until October 2010 as "MetaLink"
* macOS, an operating system for Macs

## Government and military

* Master of the Sword, the title for the head of physical education at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point
* Member of Service, any emergency responder (police officer, firefighter, emergency medical technician) that needs emergency help, usually over two-way radio
* Military occupation specialty code, used by the U.S. military to identify a specific job
* Ministry of Supply, former British government ministry that co-ordinated military supplies

## Places

* Ma On Shan (town), a town in the New Territories of Hong Kong
** Ma On Shan station, MTR station code
* Mos, Spain, a municipality in Galicia, Spain in the province of Pontevedra
* Museum of Science (Boston) (MoS), a Boston, Massachusetts landmark, located in Science Park, a plot of land spanning the Charles River, USA

## Companies and organizations

* MOS (brand), American brand of organizational tools
* MOS Technology, a defunct semiconductor company
* Mos, a startup tech company founded by Amira Yahyaoui
* MOS Burger, a fast-food restaurant chain that originated in Japan
* The Mosaic Company (NYSE: MOS), American fertilizer and mining company

## Other uses

* Mos, an uncommon singular form of mores, widely observed social norms (from Latin mos and mōrēs)
* Mos, a traditional dish of the Nivkh people
* Mos language, an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya and Thailand
* Mannan oligosaccharide-based nutritional supplements
* Manual of style, also known a style guide or stylebook; a guide for writing and sometimes also for layout and typography
* Margin on services, a financial reporting method for Australian life insurance companies
* Moment of symmetry, in music, same as well formed generated collection
* MOS (gene), gene for a human protein expressed in testis during sperm formation
* MOS, German vehicle registration plate district code for Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
* "Man on the street" (vox populi) segments in broadcasting
* Mossi language ISO 639 alpha-2 language code
* Morvan Syndrome (MoS) though usually referred to as MVS
* MOS, minimum operating segment of a transportation system
* Mos, nickname of Thai singer Patiparn Patavekarn, also referred to as Mos Patiparn
* MoS, Motorways of the Sea, is a concept in the transport policy of the European Union
# International cricket in 1933–34

The 1933–34 international cricket season was from September 1933 to April 1934. The season consists several first-class international tours.

## Season overview

International tours :
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] |
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| 15 December 1933 | India | England | 0–2 [3] | — | — | — |
| 16 February 1934 | Ceylon | Marylebone | — | — | 0–2 [2] | — |
| 4 March 1934 | India | Marylebone | — | — | 0–0 [1] | — |

## December
### England in India

Test Series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 230 | 15–18 December | C. K. Nayudu | Douglas Jardine | Gymkhana Ground, Bombay | England by 9 wickets |
| Test 231 | 5–8 January | C. K. Nayudu | Douglas Jardine | Eden Gardens, Calcutta | Match drawn |
| Test 232 | 10–13 February | C. K. Nayudu | Douglas Jardine | Madras Cricket Club Ground, Madras | England by 202 runs |

## February
### MCC in Ceylon

Three-day Match series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match 1 | 16–18 February | Basil Gunasekara | Douglas Jardine | Colombo Cricket Club Ground, Colombo | Marylebone by 10 wickets |
| Match 2 | 22–24 February | Churchill Gunasekara | Bryan Valentine | Colombo Cricket Club Ground, Colombo | Marylebone by 8 runs |

## March
### MCC in India

Three-day Match :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match | 4–6 March | Maharajkumar of Vizianagram | Douglas Jardine | Gymkhana Ground, Bombay | Match drawn |
# Rip Curl Search

Rip Curl Search formerly known as Rip Curl Search or Rip Curl Pro Search, is a professional surfing competition of the WSL World Tour which took place every year in October and November always in some places around the world, seeking to take the ASP World Tour to new locations and expand surfing. The event was first founded in 2005 as Rip Curl Search.

## Dispute Locations

During the years the Rip Curl Search passed through some places in the world. This is a list of where events took place.
| Year | Date | Event | Location |
| 2005 | June 23 – July 4 | Rip Curl Search | St. Leu, Reunion Island, France |
| 2006 | June 20 – July 1 | Rip Curl Search | Barra de la Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico |
| 2007 | June 20 – July 1 | Rip Curl Search | Arica, Ex Isla Alacran, Chile |
| 2008 | July 30 – August 10 | Rip Curl Pro Search Bali | Uluwatu, Bali, Indonesia |
| 2009 | October 19–28 | Rip Curl Search | Supertubos, Peniche, Portugal |
| 2010 | October 30 – November 10 | Rip Curl Search | Middles Beach, Isabela, Puerto Rico |
| 2011 | November 1–7 | Rip Curl Search | San Francisco, California, United States |

## Naming

Since the birth of this competition it had 2 different names.
| Name | Years |
| Rip Curl Search | 2005–2007 |
| Rip Curl Pro Search | 2008 |
| Rip Curl Search | 2009–2011 |

## Winners

Men's :
| Year | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Score |
| 2011 | Gabriel Medina | 16.50 | Joel Parkinson | 10.90 |
| 2010 | Kelly Slater | 18.77 | Bede Durbidge | 14.43 |
| 2009 | Mick Fanning (2) | 12.67 | Bede Durbidge | 9.87 |
| 2008 | Bruce Irons | 17.66 | Freddy Patacchia Jr. | 11.16 |
| 2007 | Andy Irons (2) | 16.84 | Damien Hobgood | 8.67 |
| 2006 | Andy Irons | 16.86 | Taylor Knox | 11.33 |
| 2005 | Mick Fanning | 17.10 | Phillip MacDonald | 5.30 |
Women's :
| Year | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Score |
| 2010 | Stephanie Gilmore | 13.80 | Carissa Moore | 11.10 |
| 2009 | Coco Ho | 15.83 | Chelsea Hedges | 9.37 |
# Đức Thọ district

Đức Thọ is a rural district of Hà Tĩnh province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. The village of Đông Thái, where the noted 19th-century anti-colonial leader Phan Đình Phùng was born, is located in Đức Thọ. As of 2003 the district had a population of 117,730. The district covers an area of 203 km². The district capital lies at Đức Thọ.
# What's Up Doods?

What's Up Doods? is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by TV5. Hosted by Edu Manzano, it aired from September 14 to December 21, 2013.
Launched on September 14, 2013, What's Up Doods? is one of the 8 newly launched weekend programs under the "Weekend Do It Better" block of the network.
The show ends its Season 1 last December 21, 2013 with the episode feature some of the interviews from prominent personalities on the show.

## Segments

* Kaya Mo Doods?
* VidJoker
* Praisebook
* Bwitter
# Sopubia

Sopubia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.
Its native range is Tropical and Southern Africa, Madagascar, Southern China to Tropical Asia.

## Species

Species:
* Sopubia aemula S.Moore
* Sopubia argentea Hiern
* Sopubia cana Harv.
* Sopubia comosa (Bonati) T.Yamaz.
* Sopubia conferta S.Moore
* Sopubia decumbens Hiern
* Sopubia duvigneaudiana H.-P.Hofm. & Eb.Fisch.
* Sopubia elatior Pilg.
* Sopubia eminii Engl.
* Sopubia gracilis H.-P.Hofm. & Eb.Fisch.
* Sopubia graminicola Exell
* Sopubia kacondensis S.Moore
* Sopubia karaguensis Oliv.
* Sopubia lanata Engl.
* Sopubia lasiocarpa P.C.Tsoong
* Sopubia latifolia Engl.
* Sopubia lemuriana H.-P.Hofm. & Eb.Fisch.
* Sopubia madagascariensis (Benth.) Baker
* Sopubia mannii Skan
* Sopubia matsumurae (T.Yamaz.) C.Y.Wu
* Sopubia menglianensis Y.Y.Qian
* Sopubia myomboensis P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
* Sopubia parviflora Engl.
* Sopubia patris Cuccuini
* Sopubia ramosa (Hochst.) Hochst.
* Sopubia simplex (Hochst.) Hochst.
* Sopubia stricta (Benth.) G.Don
* Sopubia trifida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
* Sopubia triphylla Baker
* Sopubia ugandensis S.Moore
# John Towneley

John Towneley may refer to:
* John Towneley (politician), English politician
* John Towneley (translator), translator of Hudibras into French
# Ion Hamilton, 1st Baron HolmPatrick

Ion Trant Hamilton, 1st Baron HolmPatrick, PC (Ire) (14 July 1839 – 6 March 1898), alternately Holm Patrick, was an Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament.
HolmPatrick was the son of James Hans Hamilton and Caroline Trant, and grandson of Hans Hamilton. He was educated at Cambridge University. He succeeded his father and grandfather as Member of Parliament for County Dublin in 1863, a seat he held until 1885. He was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1887 and also served as Lord Lieutenant of County Dublin from 1892 to 1898. In the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron HolmPatrick, of HolmPatrick, in the County of Dublin.
Lord HolmPatrick married Lady Victoria Alexandrina Wellesley, daughter of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley, granddaughter of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and goddaughter of Queen Victoria, at St. George's Church in Hanover Square on 6 September 1877. He died rather unexpectedly at his home, Abbotstown House, in Castleknock on 6 March 1898, aged 58. He was eulogised in The Times as a "staunch Conservative" who was "always tolerant of the opinions of those whose principles were not in harmony with his own. His speeches were cast in a practical mould, and they never disclosed anything like a rancorous spirit. In social life he was deservedly esteemed by all classes. His sympathy with objects of charity assumed on all appropriate occasions a practical form, and in contributing financial aid he refused to be fettered by considerations of party or creed."
He and his wife had four daughters and one son, Hans Wellesley Hamilton, who succeeded him in the barony. Lady HolmPatrick died 31 July 1933.
Coat of arms of Ion Hamilton, 1st Baron HolmPatrick :
* CrestA demi-antelope Argent armed and unguled Or charged with a mullet Gules holding between the hoofs a human heart as in the arms.
* EscutcheonGules a mullet Argent between three cinquefoils pierced Ermine on a chief Or a heart of the first.
* SupportersDexter an antelope Argent attired Or sinister a lion Gules each having pendant from a collar flory counter-flory Or a shield Ermine charged with a heart Gules.
* MottoQualis Ab Incepto
# Ravi Sood

Ravi Sood (born July 5, 1976) is a Canadian financier and venture capitalist. He was raised in Waterloo, Ontario, and resides in Hong Kong. He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of Waterloo. He is the co-founder and former CEO of Navina Asset Management and its predecessor company Lawrence Asset Management, which at its peak controlled over $800 million in assets globally.
Sood has also founded several businesses operating in emerging markets, including Buchanan Renewables Inc., Feronia Inc., Jade Power Trust, Abraxas Power Corp., and Golconda Gold.
Sood became well known in Canada as a regular TV personality and frequent guest host of the Business News Network's evening news programme Squeeze Play. He is best known for commenting in the media on the income trust sector, global markets, natural resources and agriculture.
# Rapid modes of evolution

Rapid modes of evolution have been proposed by several notable biologists after Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolutionary descent by natural selection. In his book On the Origin of Species (1859), Darwin stressed the gradual nature of descent, writing:
    It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers, at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and inorganic conditions of life. We see nothing of these slow changes in progress, until the hand of time has marked the long lapses of ages, and then so imperfect is our view into long past geological ages, that we only see that the forms of life are now different from what they formerly were. (1859)

## Evolutionary developmental biology

Work in developmental biology has identified dynamical and physical mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis that may underlie such abrupt morphological transitions. Consequently, consideration of mechanisms of phylogenetic change that are actually (not just apparently) non-gradual is increasingly common in the field of evolutionary developmental biology, particularly in studies of the origin of morphological novelty. A description of such mechanisms can be found in the multi-authored volume Origination of Organismal Form.
# Rapid hormone cycling

Rapid hormone cycling is a procedure in which drugs that block the production of male hormones are alternated with male hormones and/or drugs that promote the production of male hormones. This procedure is being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer.
# Raul Usupov

Raul Usupov (Georgian: რაულ უსუფოვი / Raul Usupovi; Azeri: Raul Yusupov) (1980 – February 3, 2005) was a politician in the nation of Georgia and deputy governor of Kvemo Kartli region.
He was born in the village of Karajala, near Telavi, Kakheti, to Azeri parents - Yashar and Lily Usupov. At the age of 20, he moved to Tbilisi, where he got married and had a daughter. He later joined Georgia's United National Movement, then led by Zurab Zhvania (who later became Georgia's Prime Minister). He became a close friend of Zhvania and it was in Usupov's flat in Tbilisi that the two men were found dead in the early hours of the morning of 3 February 2005, apparently as a result of a natural gas leak, and with "no sign of foul play", according to Georgian authorities and FBI officers.
# Sir Aga Khan Bridge

The Sir Aga Khan Bridge is a 1,750-metre (5,740 ft) single-span beam bridge, which officially opened to traffic on 27 February 2017. The bridge was inaugurated by Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) chairperson Bilawal Bhutto Zardari. This is the longest bridge on the Indus River. Sir Aga Khan Bridge connects Tando Muhammad Khan with Thatta.
# Sir Adam Disappeared

Sir Adam Disappeared is a 1939 mystery thriller novel by the British writer E. Phillips Oppenheim. It was published in the United States by Little, Brown.

## Synopsis

While waiting for his lunch the elderly millionaire Sir Adam Blockton vanishes, apparently without trace.