OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Selma High School

Selma High School is a public secondary school in Selma, Alabama. It is the only public high school in the Selma City School System.

## History

Selma High School was formed in 1970 in response to court-ordered integration, merging the former white A.G. Parrish High School and the former black R.B. Hudson High School. The school was housed in the building of Parrish High, which was constructed in 1939. R.B. Hudson's building was converted to Westside Junior High School, was renamed Selma Middle CHAT Academy and, in 2012, became known as R.B. Hudson Middle School. The high school building was demolished in 2011 and replaced with a new building that opened in August 2012; the former main entrance has been preserved as one wall of the media center.
In 1990, Selma High received national attention for a series of protests addressing the school's tracking procedures, which based students' class choices on "ability grouping" tracks. Ethnic minority students formed a larger percentage of the lower tracks, while the most advanced curriculum had primarily white students. In 1990, a group of students, led by Rose Sanders, a local activist and the wife of the local state senator, led protests at the high school against this policy and the dismissal of the system's first black superintendent, Norward Roussell. The protests were successful in removing the tracking programs at Selma High and in drawing larger attention to the racial disparities in these programs.
During the 1989–1990 academic year an incident occurred on school grounds that resulted in one student being shot. In response, the then governor Guy Hunt ordered the National Guard and state troopers to the high school. As a result of the protests and the school shooting, many white parents withdrew their children to attend county or private schools. This led to increasing segregation in the school system, as of April 2011, Selma High had only five white students and enrollment had shrunk from approximately 1,500 to below 1,000.

## Athletics

Selma High's sports teams compete in the Alabama High School Athletics Association's 6A classification. As of 2014, the school fielded teams in American football, basketball, baseball, wrestling, track and field, volleyball and softball.
The school won the 1946 AA, 1947 AA (as A.G. Parrish High), 1977 4A, and 1994 6A state boys' basketball championship, as well as golf championships in 1949 and 1950 (as A.G. Parrish High). The school holds the record for most consecutive victories in basketball (73, including playoff games and 88 regular season games) and most state tournament appearances.

## Notable alumni

* Ralph "Shug" Jordan, former Auburn University football coach (attended Parrish High)
* Terry Leach, former baseball player
* William Lehman, politician
* Darrio Melton, politician
* Jai Miller, former baseball player
* Ben Obomanu, wide receiver
* James Perkins Jr., first African-American mayor of Selma
* Terri Sewell, U.S. Congressperson for Alabama's 7th District
* Lachavious Simmons, football player
# Johanna Piesch

Johanna (Hansi) Camilla Piesch (1898–1992) was an Austrian librarian, physicist and mathematician who is remembered for the pioneering contributions she made to switching algebra, one of the fundamentals of digital computing and programming languages.

## Biography

Born on 6 June 1898 in Innsbruck, Johanna Camilla Piesch was the daughter of Oswald Piesch, a cavalry officer. She was brought up in Vienna where after primary school, she attended secondary school at the Reform Realgymnasium Dr. Wesely, matriculating in 1916. She went on to study physics at the University of Vienna, earning a doctorate in 1921. In addition, she received a teaching qualification in mathematics and physics in 1928.
She joined the Post and Telegraph Service (Post- und Telegraphenverwaltung) in 1928, but had to take up early retirement in 1938 under the National Socialist regime. In July 1945, she was able to return to work, heading the PTT's laboratory. In February 1956, she moved to the library of the Technical University's documentation centre for technology and science. She retired in October 1962.
It appears that after leaving her post in 1938, Piesch was sent to Berlin, where she began to work on switching algebra. This is supported by her publications on Boolean algebra in 1939, making her the first person to address its applications. In so doing, she paved the way for the Austrian mathematicians Adalbert Duschek and Otto Plechl who later undertook work on switching algebra. The simplification method put forward in her second publication is of particular note.
The last 30 years of Piesch's life were devoted to social work. She died on 28 September 1992 in Vienna. Her work is widely considered of significance to the development of computer science.

## Publications

Johanna Piesch's significant publications include:
* 1939: Piesch, H., "Begriff der Allgerneinen Schaltungstechnik" (Concept of General Switching Theory), Archiv für Elektrotechnik, Vol. 33, pp. 672–686.
* 1939: Piesch, H., "Über die Vereinfachung von Allgeneinen Schaltungen" (On the Simplification of General Switching Circuits), Archiv fürElektrotechnik, Vol. 33, pp. 733–746.
* 1951: Piesch, H., "Systematik der Autornatischen Schaltung" (Systematics of Automatic Switching), OFT, Vol. 5, pp. 2–43.
* 1955: Piesch, H., "Die Matrix in der Schaltungsalebgra zur Planung Relaisgesteuerter Netzwerke" (Matrices in Switching Algebra for the Design of Relay Controlled Networks), Archiv für elektrische Übertragung, Vol. 9, pp. 460–468.
* 1956: Piesch, H., "Beitrdge zur Modernen Schaltalgebra" (Contributions to Modern Switching Algebra), Conference in Como, pp. 16–25.
* 1958: Piesch, H., and Sequenz, H, "Die Österreichischen Wegbereiter der Theorie der Elektrischen Schaltungen" (The Austrian Pioneers of the Theory of Electrical Switching), Elecktrotechnik & Maschinenbau, Vol. 75, pp. 241–245.
# Tarachodes nubifer

Tarachodes nubifer is a species of praying mantis in the family Eremiaphilidae.
# Marxdorf

Marxdorf may refer to:

## Places
### Germany

* Marxdorf (Uebigau-Wahrenbrück), a village of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück municipality, Elbe-Elster, Brandenburg
* Marxdorf (Vierlinden), a village of Vierlinden municipality, Märkisch-Oderland, Brandenburg
* Marxdorf (Schashagen), a village of Schashagen municipality, Ostholstein, Schleswig-Holstein

### Poland

* Garncarsko (German: Marxdorf), a village of Sobótka municipality, Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

## Other

* Marxdorfer Wolfshund, a German Wolf-dog hybrids named after Marxdorf (Uebigau-Wahrenbrück)
# Muhammet Nuri Kotanoğlu

Muhammet Nuri Kotanoğlu is a Turkish freestyle wrestler. He is a bronze medalist at the European Wrestling Championships.

## Career

He won one of the bronze medals in the 79 kg event at the 2019 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.
In 2020, he won the silver medal in the men's 79 kg event at the Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia. In 2021, he won the bronze medal in the 79 kg event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 held in Rome, Italy.

## Major results

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2019 | European Championships | Bucharest, Romania | 3rd | Freestyle 79 kg |
# Victaphanta compacta

Victaphanta compacta, common name the Otway black snail, is a species of carnivorous air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Rhytididae. The Otway Black Snail Victaphanta compacta is only found in hot temperate rainforests in Australia. It is one of four species of the carnivorous land snails in the genus Victaphanta and is endemic to the Otway Ranges.
The Otway Black Snail was first described as Paryphanta compacta (Cox and Hedley 1912). In 1933 the genus Victaphanta was established (Iredale 1933).

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Australia and occurs in the Otway Ranges of Victoria.

## Description

The body of the snail is grey-blue to black. The shell is spherical with four whorls and varies from a glossy dark brown to black with varying tinges of yellow-brown on the inner whorl. The shell has a maximum diameter of 28mm and is positioned towards the tail of the body. The shell is thin, light weight and moderately flexible and composed mostly of conchin. The Otway Black Snail can be distinguished from other species of Vicaphanta because of its specific geographic range, globulous shaped shell, lack of an orange frill around its foot and an absence of orange mucus.
The Otway Black Snail is partially nocturnal. It is carnivorous, feasting on other snails, slugs, earthworms and soft bodied insect larvae but is not cannibalistic. It has no jaw as found in herbivorous snails but has long, sharp, backward pointing teeth arranged in v-shaped rows on the radula (underside of the foot of the snail) which hold the prey while it is devoured
# Litlekalsøy

Litlekalsøy is an island in Austevoll municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 0.5-square-kilometre (120-acre) island lies in the Austevoll archipelago. It sits in the Møkstrafjorden south of the island of Møkster, north of the island of Stolmen, and west of the large island of Huftarøy. The island had 26 inhabitants in 2001. The island is only accessible by boat.
# Philip Davison

Philip Davison (born 1957 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish novelist, screenwriter and playwright. He is perhaps best known for his series of spy novels which follow Harry Fielding's activities as an understrapper for the MI5. Recent publications include Eureka Dunes, published by Liberties Press in 2017, Quiet City, published in 2021, and The Makeweight, written in the 1980s but only released in 2023.

## Books
### Harry Fielding novels

* Crooked Man (1997)
* McKenzie’s Friend (2000)
* The Long Suit (2003)
* A Burnable Town (2006)

### Other books

* The Book-Thief’s Heartbeat (1981)
* Twist and Shout (1983)
* The Illustrator (1988)

## Film and drama

Philip Davison's play, The Invisible Mending Company (Dublin, The Abbey Theatre, Peacock Stage) was first produced in 1996. He co-scripted the film dramas Exposure and Criminal Conversation. His radio plays include Being Perfect (2004); The Duke (2004); Lennon’s Guitar (2005); and The Fishmonger (2006).
Crooked Man was adapted into a TV drama in 2003.
# Minnie (disambiguation)

Minnie is a feminine given name and a nickname for both men and women.
Minnie may also refer to:

## Places
### United States

* A shortened form of the state Minnesota or the city Minneapolis
* Minnie, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Minnie, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Minnie Township, Beltrami County, Minnesota
* Minnie Island, Connecticut - see Minnie Island State Park
* Minnie Island, Montgomery County, Maryland - see List of islands of Maryland

### Canada

* Minnie Island, British Columbia, near Stephens Island (British Columbia)

## Arts and entertainment

* Minnie (album), by Minnie Riperton
* Minnie (film), a 1923 silent film
* Minnie Mouse, a fictional cartoon character created by The Walt Disney Company

## People

* Minnie Driver (born 1970), English actress
* Minnie Miñoso (1923–2015), Cuban baseball player
* Minnie E. Neal (1858–1945), American photographer and temperance leader
* Minnie Pearl (1912-1996), stage name of American country comedian Sarah Colley
* Minnie Riperton (1947–1979), American singer-songwriter
* Minnie Gow Walsworth (1859-1947), American poet
* Derick Minnie (born 1986), South African rugby union player
* Memphis Minnie (1897-1973), American blues guitarist, vocalist and songwriter
* Minnie (singer) (born 1997), Thai singer Minnie Nicha Yontararak of K-pop group (G)I-dle

## Other uses

* Minenwerfer, a World War I weapon nicknamed "Minnie"
# Selous's mongoose

Selous's mongoose (Paracynictis selousi) is a mongoose species native to Southern Africa. It is the only member of the genus Paracynictis.

## Taxonomy

Four subspecies were described:
* Paracynictis selousi bechuanae
* Paracynictis selousi ngamiensis
* Paracynictis selousi selousi
* Paracynictis selousi sengaani

## Distribution and habitat

Selous's mongoose is endemic to Southern Africa. Its range includes Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa.

## Physical description

The Selous's mongoose has a total length of 63–90 cm (25–35 in) and a tail length of 28–43 cm (11–17 in). It weighs about 1.4–2.0 kg (3.1–4.4 lb). The body of the mongoose ranges from pale speckled grey to tawny grey with a pale underside, while the legs are brown or black. The tail of the mongoose is white at the tip, making it identifiable from the white-tailed mongoose, which has a tail that is three-quarters white. The Selous's mongoose is also smaller and more slender than the white-tailed mongoose. The mongoose has four digits on each limb and long, slightly curved claws that are associated with digging. The main difference between the sexes is that the female Selous's mongoose has three pairs of nipples on her underside, while the male does not.

## Behavior

The Selous's mongoose is a nocturnal species, but has been observed above ground during the day. Although usually solitary, mongooses will sometimes form pairs, and it is not uncommon to see females with young. The Selous's mongoose digs its own burrows, but may opportunistically use those of other animals.
The Selous's mongoose can defend itself by expelling strong-smelling secretion from its anal gland. Its white-tipped tail may be an indication of this ability.
The Selous's mongoose's primary source of food is invertebrates. It also feeds on small rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. The front claws of the mongoose are ideally adapted to search for subterranean beetle larvae. The species will dig through tufts of grass or leaf litter to find food.
Litters are usually made up of two to four young, which are born from August to March.

## Habitat

The Selous's mongoose lives primarily in open scrub and woodland. It does not inhabit either forests or arid areas. It lives in labyrinthine, burrows of its own construction.

## Conservation status and threats

The Selous's mongoose is classified as being of least concern. There are no known threats to the species, and the population is widely distributed.

## Etymology of the name

The mongoose is named after Frederick Selous. Both Selous's mongoose and Selous’ mongoose are accepted spellings of the name. The Selous's mongoose has other names in native African language, as follows:
Afrikaans: Kleinwitstertmuishond Zulu: Nsengane Tswana: Kgano Shona: Jerenyenje.
# Johanna Peters

Johanna Peters (3 January 1932 – 27 May 2000) was a Scottish mezzo-soprano who played a prominent role in British operatic life during her 40-year career, first as singer, and later as a distinguished voice teacher at the Guildhall School of Music. As a singer, she was particularly known for her intelligent portrayal of a wide variety of character parts and created the roles of Hippolyta in Benjamin Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Widow Sweeney in Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon. For many years she and her companion, Anne Wood, ran their own small touring company, Phoenix Opera.
# Tarachodes maculisternum

Tarachodes maculisternum is a species of praying mantis in the family Eremiaphilidae.
# Non-developmental item

Non-developmental item (NDI) is a term used for products procured by the United States federal government which do not require further development or require only minimal modification. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and government-off-the-shelf (GOTS) are two subtypes of NDI.

## Overview

The term was first coined in 1986 by the US Congress. According to the Federal Acquisition Regulation, a non-developmental item is:
   * Any previously developed item of supply used exclusively for governmental purposes by a Federal agency, a State or local government, or a foreign government with which the United States has a mutual defense cooperation agreement;
   * Any item described in paragraph (1) of this definition that requires only minor modification or modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace in order to meet the requirements of the procuring department or agency; or
   * Any item of supply being produced that does not meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) or (2) solely because the item is not yet in use.
The third definition can apply to fully developed items in production but not for commercial sale yet. In this way, the US Federal government can "capture" a product or technology for use before it becomes commercially available.
One subtype of non-developmental items is the military-purpose non-developmental item, defined as:
   * A nondevelopmental item that meets a validated military requirement as determined in writing by the responsible program manager and has been developed exclusively at private expense. An item shall not be considered to be developed at private expense if development of the item was paid for in whole or in part through -
   ** Independent research and development costs or bid and proposal costs, per the definition in FAR 31.205-18, that have been reimbursed directly or indirectly by a Federal agency or have been submitted to a Federal agency for reimbursement; or
   ** Foreign government funding

## Considerations

NDIs are advantageous in several ways. As the product is already designed and in production, the government does not have to spend funds for research and development. Testing and evaluation have already been completed by the company, further speeding the acquisition cycle. The use of NDI COTS products also can offer improved pricing, wider variety, and access to cutting-edge technology. However, there can be multiple disadvantages as well. Companies may not provide complete technical documentation, and their internal testing may not fully meet government standards. The product itself may not meet all government requirements, and modification may be complicated or cost prohibitive.
# Mungaoli railway station

Mungaoli railway station is a railway station in Ashoknagar district, Madhya Pradesh. Its code is MNV. It serves Mungaoli town. The station consists of two platforms. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. Passenger and Express trains halt here.
# Sail Loft

Sail Loft may refer to:
* Sail Loft (Tenants Harbor, Maine), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Knox County, Maine
* Sail Loft (Vermilion, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Erie County, Ohio
# Little Drayton Halt railway station

Little Drayton Halt railway station was a station in Market Drayton, Shropshire, England. The station was opened in 1935 and closed on 6 October 1941.
# Minuscule 129

Minuscule 129 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A$^{200}$ (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has full marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 355 parchment leaves (size 28.7 cm by 22.6 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 18 lines of biblical text and 44 lines of commentary text per page.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 – the last numbered section in 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, Synaxarion, Menologion, pictures, scholia at the margin, Victor's commentary on Mark, and note on John 7:53, as in 145 and others.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1; in Luke 10 and Luke 20 no profile was made.
The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 8:3-11) is placed on the end of the fourth Gospel, on 355 folio.

## History

The manuscript was written by Eustathius. In 1438 it was bought in Constantinople by Nicholas de Cuza, Eastern Legate to the Council of Ferrara, along with minuscule 87. It was examined by Andreas Birch (about 1782). C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 358), at Rome.
# Yoon Nung-min

Yoon Nung-min (윤능민 尹能民, November 21, 1927 – April 1, 2009) is a South Korean chemist, known for his research in organic chemistry, specializing in metal hydrides.
He received his B.A. at Seoul National University in chemistry in 1951 and went on to complete his Ph.D. at Purdue University, under Herbert Charles Brown. He was a postdoc at Purdue, then a researcher for the Ministry of National Defence. He then became an associate professor at the Catholic University of Korea. He later took up full professorship at Sogang University, a position he would hold until his retirement. He served as the president of the Korean Chemical Society in 1989, and was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea in 2005. He was Professor Emeritus at Sogang University until his death in 2009.
He was a proficient researcher; he published 110 papers and developed reagents which became widely used in both organic and inorganic chemistry. He also discovered new methods of generating free radicals and found new applications. He surprised the Korean chemistry community by publishing a substantial portion of his research as the sole author shortly before his retirement.
He has also been active as an educator. He taught 14 doctorate students, and 56 masters students.
He was awarded the Order of Civil Merit (Mogryeon Medal) in 1983, Korea National Academy of Sciences Award in 1990 and the Korea Science Prize (Science) in 1993.

## Selected publications

* An Excellent Nickel Boride Catalyst for the Cis-Selective Semihydrogenation of Acetylenes Tetrahedron (J. Choi and N. M. Yoon), Tetrahedron Lett. Vol.37 p. 1057 (1996)
* A New Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with Electron Deficient Alkenes Using Nickel Boride(cat.)- Borohydride Exchange Resin in Methanol (T. B. Sim, J. Choi, M. J. Joung and N. M. Yoon), J. Org. Chem. Vol.62 p. 2357 (1997)
* Sodium Diethyldialkynylaluminate A New Chemoselective Alkynylating Agent (J. H. Ahn, M. J. Joung, and N. M. Yoon) J. Org. Chem. Vol.60 p. 6173 (1995)
* Synthesis of Disulfides by Copper Catalyzed Disproportionation of Thiols (J. Choi and N. M. Yoon), J. Org. Chem. Vol.60 p. 3266 (1995)
* Monoisopinocampheylborane- A New Chiral Hydroborating Agent for Relatively Hindered (Trisubstituted) Olefins (H. C. Brown and N. M. Yoon), J. Am. Chem. Soc. Vol.99 p. 5514 (1977)
* Diisopinocampheylborane of high Optical Purity. Asymmetric Synthesis via Hydroboration with Essentially Complete Asymmetric Induction (H. C. Brown and N. M. Yoon), Israel J. Chem Vol.15 p. 12 (1976~1977)
* Lithium Trimethylethynylaluminate A New Chemoselective Ethynylating Agent (M. J. Joung, J. H. Ahn and N. M. Yoon), J. Org. Chem. Vol.61 p. 4472 (1996)
* The Rapido Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Borane-Tetrahydrofuran. A Remarkably Convenient Procedure for the Selective Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to the Corresponding Alcohols in the Presence of Other Functional Groups (N. M. Yoon, C. S. Park, H. C. Brown, S. Krishnamurthy, and T. P. Stoky), J. Org. Chem. Vol.38 p. 2786 (1973)
# Johal

Johal is a surname and clan found among the Jats of Punjab, India. Notable persons with the surname include:
* Balinder Johal, Indian-born Canadian actress
* Bindy Johal (1971–1998), Indian-born Canadian gangster
* Hardial Singh Johal (c. 1947–2002), Indian-Canadian engineer
* Yogi Johl, Canadian Olympic wrestler
* Jagbir Jhutti Johal, British professor of religion
* Jas Johal, Indian-born Canadian politician
* Kuldesh Johal (born 1980), English snooker player
* Nachhatar Singh Johal (born 1979), Indian sailor
* Sardara Singh Johl (born 1928), Indian agriculture economist