OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gyanendra Nath Pande

Gyanendra Nath Pande or Gyan N Pande (1939-20 January 2020) was a British civil engineer of Indian descent associated with developments in computational engineering. He was Emeritus Professor at the Centre for Civil and Computational Engineering at Swansea University and founder president of the International Centre for Computational Engineering (IC2E).

## Education and career

Pande grew up in India and obtained a Bachelor of Technology in civil engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur in 1959. He worked in the field of geomechanics, gaining more than ten years experience as a project engineer in tunnelling and hydroelectric installations in the Himalayas. From 1973 he studied at University of Wales (now Swansea University) from where he received a PhD in 1976.
He joined the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Wales in 1975 as lecturer, and was awarded a 'Personal Chair' in 1994 (the same year he was awarded a DSc degree).
In 1985 he was the founding editor of the computational geomechanics journal, Computers & Geotechnics. He was the founder president of the International Centre for Computational Engineering (IC2E), an organisation instrumental in setting up research and collaborations between universities and industry.
He was Emeritus Professor at Swansea University and a Fellow of Institution of Civil Engineers.
He died on 20 January 2020.

### Professional appointments

* Co-chair, International Symposium on Computational Geomechanics
* Chief Editor, Computers & Geotechnics
* Member, Advisory Panel of Geotechnique
* Chairman, Ground Engineering Group of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Wales Branch
* Chairman, International Committee on 'Computer Modelling of Masonry'
* Member of an expert committee appointed by Hydro-Quebec, Canada

### Awards and honours

* Special Achievements in Geomechanics Award, International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG), 2014
* Manby Prize, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 2005
* Significant paper award of IACMAG, 2001 and 2002
* Best paper award – Journal of Rock Mechanics & Tunnelling Technology, 2003

## Works

Pande wrote over 250 books and research papers.

## Personal and family life

Pande was a founding member and trustee of the Tridev Meditation and Spiritual Awareness Society at Swansea.
Pande's younger brother Jitendra Nath Pande was professor and head of medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. He was senior consultant (medicine) at the Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi.
# Tilia japonica

Tilia japonica, the Japanese lime or Japanese linden, is a species of Tilia native to eastern China and Japan, preferring to grow in mountains up to 2000 m. It superficially resembles the better-known Tilia cordata, the small-leaved lime, and was originally described as Tilia cordata var. japonica. It differs from T. cordata in having 164 chromosomes instead of 82, and by some subtle differences in leaf and flower morphology. T. japonica inflorescences consistently have 5 staminodes, which is a reliable trait distinguishing it from T. cordata and T. amurensis. Recent studies indicate T.japonica to play an important role in maintaining the ectomycorrhizal networks in local forests it grows in Japan.

## Cultivation and uses

Tilia japonica is grown as an ornamental tree. Its 'Ernest Wilson' cultivar has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Its wood was used for furniture, and due to its straight grain is still occasionally used for veneers. Like other lindens, it is a source for a premium honey. It is the official tree of the city of Nagano, Japan.
Tilia japonica's innermost bark, known as bast, was used by the Ainu for clothing, attus.
# Layston

Layston is a former village and parish located about a kilometre north-east of Buntingford in Hertfordshire, England, at 51°57′50″N 0°00′45″E.
In 1931 the parish had a population of 724. On 1 April 1937 the parish was abolished and merged with Buntingford, part also went to form Hormead.
Its former church, St Bartholomew's, became derelict but is the subject of a restoration project. People connected with the church include:
* Thomas Crouch, who was baptised in St Bartholomew's in 1607
* Robert Wogdon (January 1734 – 28 March 1813), founder of the gunsmith firm Wogdon & Barton, who was buried in the chancel with his wife, who had died in 1805
* Rev. Jonathan Gilder and Mary Brazier, who were married there in 1759; their daughter Sarah, baptised there in 1767, became (posthumously) the maternal grandmother to New Zealand suffragette Catherine Fulton
* Claud Lovat Fraser (15 May 1890 – 18 June 1921), who was buried in the churchyard.
* Joseph Ironmonger Snoxell (1743-1810) of Stanmore, Middlesex, married Martha Moore (1740-1785) in the church on 15 November 1763. He owned or leased farms in Great and Little Stanmore, and Hatch End, Middx; Hitchin and Watford, Herts; and Barton, Cambridgeshire. Husband and wife are buried next to the ruined church at Stanmore, where there are memorials to them.
There is a state-funded primary school, Layston First CE School.
# Plaza de Toros del Retiro

Plaza de Toros del Retiro was a bullfighting coliseum of Buenos Aires of the 19th century. This Arena was established in the city during the last years of the colonial period.

## History

The Plaza de Toros del Retiro was made by the architect Francisco Cañete, and its construction was completed on June 25, 1801. The Auditorium was built octagonally, with capacity for 9,000 people, was inaugurated on October 14, 1801, on the occasion of the celebration of the birthday of the Prince of Asturias Don Ferdinand.
The Plaza de Toros del Retiro was the successor of the Plaza de Toros de Montserrat, inaugurated in 1791, and closed in 1800. This property was located in the current Plaza San Martín, on land that belonged to Miguel de Riglos, and later the Asiento de Inglaterra, a branch in Buenos Aires of the South Sea Company. During the English invasions, the bullring was taken by the troops of Whitelocke, being also the scene of the Battle of the Retiro, between the troops of Santiago de Liniers and Samuel Auchmuty.
After establishing the prohibition of bullfighting in Buenos Aires, the Retiro bullring was demolished by order of the Supreme Director José Rondeau in 1819.
# Kithaur

Kithaur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kithaur had a population of 23,510. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%, and 21% of the population was under 6 years of age. Kithaur had an average literacy rate of 42%, lower than the national average of 59.5%, with 52% of males and 32% of females literate.

## Education

There is no Degree college in kithaur so the young children have to travel to other places to get the education.

## Health

There is no Government Hospital in Kithaur so the patients have to travel 26 kilometers to get the treatment.
# Svetinja, Trebnje

Svetinja (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of Dobrnič in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Temam

Temam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mohamed Temam (1915–1988), Algerian painter
* Roger Temam (born 1940), French mathematician now teaching in the United States
# José Ortiz (comics)

José Ortiz Moya (1 September 1932 – 23 December 2013) was a Spanish comics artist, best known for several collaborations with Antonio Segura, such as the series Hombre.

## Biography

José Ortiz was born in Cartagena, in the Region of Murcia.
His career began at an early age, winning an artistic tournament held by the Spanish magazine Chicos in 1948. After a period of making pocket sized comics, he created the series Sigur el Vikingo and Johnny Fogata in 1959, and Carolynn Baker for the English newspaper Daily Express in 1962.
Ortiz joined Warren Publishing in 1974 due to his connections with the Valencia studio of Selecciones Ilustradas. He would remain with Warren until 1983 and drew more stories for that company (approximately 120) than any other artist. His work included the series Apocalypse, Night of the Jackass and Coffin in Eerie, as well as Pantha in Vampirella and numerous stand alone stories. Ortiz would also draw Vampirella herself in issues 35 and 36 that title. He won the award for 'Best All Around Artist' at Warren in 1974.
Following this period in the U.S. comics industry making horror comics, he returned to Spain and formed a lasting and fertile working partnership with Antonio Segura in 1981, initiated by the serial publication of Hombre, a post-apocalyptic saga, in the magazine Cimoc.
By 1983, Ortiz and Segura joined with several other artists including Leopold Sánchez, Manfred Sommer and Jordi Bernet, to form the short-lived publishing house Metropol with the artists' interest in mind, responsible for three comics magazines, Metropol, Mocambo and KO cómics.
During the 1980s Ortiz also produced work for a number of British publications including The Tower King and The House of Daemon for Eagle and The Thirteenth Floor for Scream!. He then moved over to 2000 AD in 1984 where he contributed to a number of stories, mostly on Rogue Trooper.
In addition to the continued run of Hombre, Ortiz and Segura created Ives and Las Mil Caras de Jack el Destripador (The Thousand Faces of Jack the Ripper) the following years, later renaming Ives to Morgan. In 1987, they began the humorous science fiction series Burton & Cyb, followed in 1990 by the series Juan el Largo.
From 1993, Ortiz focused on the Italian comics market, illustrating stories for Tex Willer, Ken Parker and Magico Vento.
He died at Valencia on 23 December 2013.
# Lucius Julius Julianus

Lucius Julius Julianus was a legatus legionis of the Legio II Augusta and a Roman praetor.

## Biography

Lucius Julius Julianus most likely became a legatus two years after he became a praetor. During his commission he fought the Picts in Britain. Julianus was also a proconsul of Achaea between 198 and 211. Sometime after 212 CE he would become governor of Aquitania. Very little of his personal life is known. He lived in Interamna or possibly Oriculum.
# Gönülaçan, Posof

Gönülaçan is a village in the Posof District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 67 (2021).
# Lazzaro (album)

Lazzaro is the third album by the Japanese rock band D'erlanger, released on March 14, 2007. Their first release in 17 years, it reached number 32 on the Oricon chart.
An English version of "Dummy Blue" appeared on D'erlanger's 2010 self-cover album A Fabulous Thing in Rose. For 2017's D'erlanger Tribute Album ~Stairway to Heaven~, "Dummy Blue" was covered by Angelo and "XXX for You" by lynch.

## Track listing

* "Kain"
* "Dummy Blue"
* "XXX for You"
* "Baby I Want You"
* "Divina Commedia"
* "Beauty & Beast"
* "Romeo & Juliet"
* "Alone"
* "Gekkou" (月光)
* "Maria"
* "Noir - C'est la vie"
* "Noir - D'amour"
* "Abel"
# Play Dead (Astrid album)

Play Dead is the second album by Scottish guitar-pop fourpiece Astrid.

## Track listing

* "It Never Happened" – 2:27
* "Tick Tock" – 3:17
* "Wrong for You" – 3:36
* "Crying Boy" – 2:57
* "Alas" – 3:12
* "Play Dead" – 2:44
* "Fat Girl" – 2:37
* "Just One Name" – 4:21
* "Hard to Be a Person" – 2:18
* "Paper" – 3:12
* "Modes of Transport" – 3:05
* "What You're Thinking" – 2:21
* "Taken for Granted" – 3:16
* "Horror Movies" + "We'll Drive Away" (hidden track) – 6:46
# Security vote in Nigeria

Security vote in Nigeria is a monthly allowance that is allocated to the 36 states within the Federal Republic of Nigeria for the sole purpose of funding security services within such states. The monthly fund runs into billions of naira and vary based on the level of security required by the individual state. Although the exact figures are disputed. States such as Rivers State, who face security threats such as pipeline destructions and kidnapping, receive one of the largest security vote funds.
Security votes have not been widely accepted by citizens, as most have claimed that such funds are being abused by the state governments, because how the funds are disbursed is not accountable to any agency. The state governments are advised to use their discretion in ways on how to spend the funds.

## Security votes by states
### SOUTH EAST

Imo State: N333.333M Monthly (N4B Annually)
Enugu State: N600M Monthly (N7.2B Annually)
Anambra State: N850M Monthly (N10B Annually)
Abia State: N700M Monthly (N8.4B Annually)
*Ebonyi State: No Record Available

### SOUTH SOUTH

Cross River State: N500M Monthly (N6B Annually)
Rivers State: N1.5B Monthly (N18B Annually)
Akwa Ibom State: N1.8B Monthly (N21.6B Annually)
Edo State: N900M Monthly (N10.8B Annually)
Delta State: N2B Monthly (N24B Annually)
*Bayelsa State: No Record Available

### SOUTH WEST

Lagos State: N1.429B Monthly [N1.297B (Public order and safety) + N132.5M (Social Protection)] (N17.149B Annually [N15.559B + N1.59B])
Ondo State: N600M Monthly (N7.2B Annually)
Osun State: N400M Monthly (N4.8B Annually)
Ogun State: N80-N100M Monthly (N960M-N1.2B Annually)
Ekiti State: N100M Monthly (N1.2B annually)
Oyo State: N1B Monthly (12B annually)

### NORTH EAST

Borno State: N806.25M Monthly (N9.675B Annually)
Yobe State: N316.667M Monthly (N3.8B Annually)
Taraba State: N200M Monthly (N2.4B Annually)
Bauchi State: N1.417B Monthly (N17B Annually)

### NORTH WEST

Kano State: N0.00
Kaduna State: N400M Monthly [N175M (Security vote) + N225M (Security Vote (Preventive and Supportive) for the SSG's office)] N4.8B Annually [N2.1B + N2.7B]
Katsina State: N17.583M Monthly (N211M Annually)
Zamfara State: N600M Monthly (N7.2B Annually)

### NORTH CENTRAL

Benue State: N3.092B allocation to personnel and overhead costs monthly which cover security vote, among others. (N37.1B Annually)
Niger State: N1.308B Monthly (N15.7B Annually)
Plateau State: N216.667M Monthly (N2.6B Annually)
Kogi State: N400M Monthly (N4.8B Annually)
Nasarawa State: N100M Monthly (N1.2B annually)
*Kwara State: No Record Available
# Svetina

Svetina (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Štore in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Štore. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Mother of God and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It predates its earliest mention in written documents in 1480. Next to the church is a chapel dedicated to the Holy Cross. It dates to the late 15th century, but was extensively rebuilt after a fire in 1714 that destroyed most of the village.
# Tephritis joanae

Tephritis joanae is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# José Escolástico Andrino

José Escolástico Andrino (1817, in Guatemala City – July 14, 1862 in San Salvador) was a Salvadoran composer, considered to be the founder of the classical music scene in his country. In 1845, he established a Conservatory in San Salvador, where he both composed and taught. He wrote two symphonies, three masses, a set of variations for violin and orchestra, and one opera La Mora generosa (the Generous Blackberry).
# Sportek Herzliya

Sportek Herzliya is a 120 dunam sports outdoor compound in Herzliya, Israel. It is one of Herzliya's main attractions.
Building the Sportek was finished in 2011, and it became open to the public in January 2002. It was designed by the landscape architecture company Zur Wolf. The compound consists of several multifunctional playing courts, built for futsal (soccer) and basketball playing, and in total has 13 basketball hoops, along with playgrounds, grass lawns, ping pong tables, a cafeteria, exercise machines, a walking track and a roller skating surface. On Saturdays, organized folk dance events are being held in the roller skating area, and occasional dancing events are being held also in midweek.
In 2011, a decade after the Sportek's opening, the "Herzliya Skatepark", a skateboarding track, was opened as the southern complex of the Sportek. The skating park was also designed by Zur Wolf offices.
In the northwest edge of the compound, the youth club "Hakohav Hashmini" ("The Eighth Star") is situated.
The complex borders the Performing Arts Center and the Israeli Air Force House in the southeast, Herzliya Municipal Stadium in the south, and Herzliya Park in the west.
During July and August, the annual events of "Midnight Sports" are being held in Sportek Herzliya, which involve nightly sports events and activities for the youth.
# Göpfert

Göpfert or Goepfert is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bobby Goepfert (born 1983), American ice hockey player.
* Carl Andreas Göpfert (1768–1818), German classical clarinettist and composer.
* Dieter Göpfert (born 1957), German rower.
* Jason Goepfert (born 1971), American writer.
* Klaus-Peter Göpfert (born 1948), German sport wrestler.
# Tiling with rectangles

A tiling with rectangles is a tiling which uses rectangles as its parts. The domino tilings are tilings with rectangles of 1 × 2 side ratio. The tilings with straight polyominoes of shapes such as 1 × 3, 1 × 4 and tilings with polyominoes of shapes such as 2 × 3 fall also into this category.

## Congruent rectangles

Some tiling of rectangles include:
| Stacked bond | Running bond | Basket weave | Basket weave | Herringbone pattern |

## Tilings with non-congruent rectangles

The smallest square that can be cut into (m × n) rectangles, such that all m and n are different integers, is the 11 × 11 square, and the tiling uses five rectangles.
The smallest rectangle that can be cut into (m × n) rectangles, such that all m and n are different integers, is the 9 × 13 rectangle, and the tiling uses five rectangles.
# Lazzaro Baldi

Lazzaro Baldi (c. 1624 – 30 March 1703) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Baroque period active mainly in Rome.

## Biography
### Study

Baldi was born in Pistoia around 1624. He is initially believed to have been a pupil of a little known Francesco Leoncini in his native city. Attracted by the fame of his fellow Tuscan Pietro da Cortona and seeking his instruction, he sought da Cortona in Rome, where he was welcomed. Pascoli said that he obtained his first commissions through da Cortona, under whom he became adept at fresco technique.

### Work

The first public work was probably the St Francis painted in the third chapel to the left in the church of San Marco in Rome, dating back to the seventeenth century decoration of the church (1653–56). He painted a David and Goliath for Alexander VII in the Palazzo Quirinale, where his style evolved into a choice of light tones that are typical of his style and is today most noticeable in his frescoes.
Gradually, Baldi came to personal interpretation of Cortona's style, by then the dominant style in Rome along with style represented by Andrea Sacchi. He accepted compositional formulas and the typology, but not the baroque impetus. In the representation of the landscape, he was influenced by Gaspar Dughet - the French artist who painted the background in the Creation of Adam and Eve - and also by Pier Francesco Mola's background in the altarpiece The Rest During the Flight to Egypt.

### Religious commissions

He also painted frescoes for the church of San Giovanni in Oleo (1658), and San Giovanni in Patmos (1660–1665) for San Giovanni in Laterano. He also painted an altarpiece of the Martyrdom of St. Lazarus for the church of Santi Luca e Martina. He also worked in Camerino, Pistoia (an Annunciation for the church of San Francesco and a Repose in Egypt for the Umilta) and Perugia (Casa Borgia-Montemellino). As an engraver, Baldi is known for a plate on The Conversion of St. Paul.

## Gallery

* Battle of Constantine and Maxentius (detail-of-fresco-in-Vatican-Stanze) c. 1650
* The mystical marriage of Saint Rosa of Lima
* Joseph and the Wife of Potiphar
* The family of Darius before Alexander the Great
* The Continence of Scipio
* Madonna and Child in the Church of San Fillippo (Fossombrone)
* The Nativity in the Church of Santa Pudenziana (Rome)
* Scipio presents gifts to the king of Numidia, Massinissa
* Vision of Saint Catherine with Christ and the crowns at the Convent of Santa Sabina in Rome

### Teaching

In 1695, he became principe of the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. One of his pupils was Giovanni Domenico Brugieri.

### Death

Baldi died in Rome in 1703.
# Plato Center, Illinois

Plato Center is an unincorporated community in Kane County, Illinois, United States, located south of Pingree Grove. Plato Center has its own ZIP code, 60170, and is also part of ZIP code 60124.
# Yokotani

Yokotani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Masahiro Yokotani (born 1964), Japanese screenwriter
* Masaki Yokotani (born 1952), Japanese footballer
* Shigeru Yokotani (born 1987), Japanese footballer
# Klinghoffer

Klinghoffer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clara Klinghoffer (1900–1970), Austrian-born English artist.
* David Klinghoffer, author and essayist at the Discovery Institute, and proponent of intelligent design
* Josh Klinghoffer (born 1979), musician and record producer from Los Angeles, California, and former guitarist for the Red Hot Chili Peppers
* Leon Klinghoffer (1916–1985), disabled American who was murdered and thrown overboard in the hijacking of the cruise ship Achille Lauro in 1985
* Yitzhak Klinghoffer (1905–1990), Israeli jurist and politician
# Swan neck

Swan neck may refer to:

## Objects

* Swan neck, a curved spout for dispensing beer
* Swan neck duct, an air duct with a large change in mean radius
* Swan-neck bottle, a type of ornamental glass bottle made in Iran
* Swan neck flask, laboratory glassware designed to slow down the motion of air
* Swan-necked pediment, a variation of an architectural element
* Swan neck spur, a style of equestrian riding boot spur
* Swan-neck tow ball, a type of trailer tow ball

## People

* Edith Swan-neck, the first wife or mistress of King Harold II of England

## Conditions

* Swan neck deformity, a deformity of the human finger
# Temple of Adonis, Dura-Europos

The Temple of Adonis in Dura-Europos was discovered by a French-American expedition of Yale University led by Michael Rostovtzeff and was excavated between 1931 and 1934.

## Description

The temple complex was the last great temple of the city to be built under Parthian rule (113 BC – AD 165). It consists of a number of buildings grouped around a courtyard. It takes up half an insula (city block), with the surrounding residential buildings forming the boundaries of the temenos. Several different rooms with benches on all the walls were grouped around the courtyard. On the north side, there was a portico with two columns. Two reliefs were found here, one depicting either Atargatis or Tyche, and the other of the god Arsu riding a camel. The actual temple was located in the south and had consisted of a pronaos and the actual naos. Wall paintings which were discovered in a fragmentary state, depicted a state and a family making an offering to the god on a fire altar at left. The scene has been reconstructed.

## Inscriptions and history of the sanctuary

Several inscriptions found in the sanctuary make it possible to follow the history of the sanctuary in detail. It can be divided into two construction phases. Three inscriptions dating to AD 152, 152/152, and 157/158 mark the first phase. The oldest inscription (July or August 152) was located on the lintel of the door to the pronaos. It is not well preserved, but the dating is secure.
The main sanctuary was thus probably founded in AD 150. A second phase of construction took place in the years 175–182. On 24 September 175, Gorpiaeus Thaesamsus dedicated an altar with an inscription which explicitly named Adonis. In 181/182 (year 493 of the Seleucid era, which is employed by all the sanctuary's inscriptions), two people called Solaeas and Boubaues erected a peristyle and a wine cellar.