OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scroll-type supercharger

The scroll-type supercharger is a scroll compressor used as a positive displacement orbiting-spiral supercharger. It is a compromise between the more rugged rotating lobe, and the more efficient sliding vane type superchargers, and is considered to offer the highest potential in regard to efficiency, noise and pressure fluctuation.

## History

The basic concept of the scroll-type supercharger was invented by Léon Creux of France in 1905, originally for aircraft use, though Creux did consider it as a possible form of steam engine. However, Creux's supercharger failed due to the relatively poor casting techniques available at the time. This type of supercharger has not seen widespread use in the aviation role, but has been used on a small number of automotive applications.

## Description

The moving parts of the supercharger is a disc-shaped displacer with identical spirals (or scrolls) projecting from each side, and manufactured from light alloy to reduce inertia. A pair of fixed scrolls supported by the end walls of the compressor chamber are interleaved with the moving scrolls. Rather than rotating, the displacer is driven in an orbital motion to create a pumping action between the pairs of scrolls.
Air is pulled into the device when the moving scrolls are at their furthest from the fixed scrolls, leaving a large gap. As the shaft rotates the gap closes, and the point of widest opening rotates to a point further "into" the charger. As the process continues the gap eventually ends up on the middle of the housing, at the point where the higher pressure air exhausts into the engine. The scrolls are shaped so the gap slowly decreases in size as it moves to the centre, thereby compressing the air.
The edges of the scrolls are sealed by strip-type seals, while the supercharger's main shaft bearings use radial seals to prevent the charge air from becoming contaminated with oil.

## Volkswagen G-Lader

The most common and well known scroll-type supercharger is the G-Lader (Lader is German for charger), designed by Volkswagen for use in a version of the Mk2 Polo called the GT G40. Launched first as a limited batch of about 500 cars in 1987, most were sold to Volkswagen workers. A normal production version of the G40 was launched as part of the Mk2F range. The name comes from the "G" shape of its compression channels. It was mounted on a 1,272 cc (77.6 cu in) petrol engine, which offered performance about that of a 2 L (122 cu in) naturally aspirated engine.
A similar, but larger G60 became available in the Volkswagen Corrado during the early 1990s, and was also available in limited numbers in the Volkswagen Passat and Volkswagen Golf. The G60 won International Engine of the Year when it was introduced in 1989.
The "40" and "60" denote the displacer scroll width in millimetres.
All supercharger types benefit from the use of an intercooler to get rid of the heat produced during compression, and therefore help increase the density of the charged air.
# Searchmedica

SearchMedica was a series of free medical search engines built by doctors for doctors and other medical professionals, with localized versions for the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Spain.

## Description

SearchMedica was a specialist medical search engine for medical professionals. There were four localized versions:
* Searchmedica.co.uk, which targeted UK GPs and medical professionals, and included clinical, drug and research data to the latest NICE, PCT or Department of Health guidelines.
* SearchMedica.com with sections for nine therapeutic areas (cardiovascular, diabetes/endocrine, hematology/oncology, infectious, mental/nervous system, musculoskeletal, pediatric, radiology and respiratory) as well as all of medicine (content from all of the foregoing specialties and more) and practice management. Includes data from PubMed (Medline citations) as well as other health-related government websites and authoritative clinical sites, analyzed and approved by medical specialists.
* Searchmedica.fr, a version for the French market with a focus on medical websites in French
* Searchmedica.es, a Spanish version.
SearchMedica connected medical professionals with well-known, credible journals, peer-reviewed research, and evidence-based articles written for practicing healthcare professionals.
In addition to ranking search results according to both publication date and relevance, SearchMedica also allowed users to focus searches by categories such as journal content, evidence-based medicine, guidelines, and patient information.
SearchMedica was run by CMPMedica, a part of United Business Media, and was set up using search engine technology from Convera.

## History

The English version was the launched in June 2006, followed by the US version in August 2006 and the French version in February 2007. The Spanish version went live in the summer of 2007 and a relaunch occurred in January 2008.
None of the primary websites appear to be operational as of 2020.

## Business model

SearchMedica makes money through advertising. However, advertising does not bias the ranking of results in their search engine.
# Searcy Bay Conservation Park

Searcy Bay Conservation Park is a protected area located on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia about 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Streaky Bay.
It was proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 in 2012 for the purpose of protecting an ‘important breeding habitat for the eastern osprey (Pandion cristatus) and white-bellied sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)’ and to provide ‘provide important habitat for threatened shorebirds and migratory birds, including the hooded plover (Thinornis rubricollis), sooty oystercatcher(Haematopus fuliginosus) and sanderling (Calidris alba).’ Its name is derived from Searcy Bay which itself is derived from Alfred Searcy.
The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area.
# Scutaria

Scutaria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Scutaria andina, found in South America. The thallus of this lichen has a form that is intermediate between crustose and foliose.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by the lichenologists Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrick Frödén. The genus name honours the Argentinian lichenologist Nora Scutari. Scutaria andina was first formally described by Veli Räsänen in 1939, who classified it as a species of Xanthoria. Scutari and colleagues had proposed to transfer the taxon to the genus Caloplaca in 2002.
Phylogenetically, Scutaria is sister to a clade containing the genera Josefpoeltia, Teloschistes, and Villophora; the entire group forms a well-supported clade with Wetmoreana. Scutaria is in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae.

## Description

Scutaria forms an effigurate (irregularly branched or spread out) and almost lobate (having lobe-like structures) thallus. This thallus is often coated with a fine, powdery substance (pruina) and attaches to the substrate through individual hyphae (fungus filaments) and hyphal strands. The outer layer of the lichen, known as the cortex, is intricately structured with tightly interwoven cells (prosoplectenchyma).
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are common in Scutaria and are mostly zeorine type, where the margin is less distinct. These apothecia are typically pinkish and often have a pruinose coating. The spores produced by these apothecia are polar-diblastic, meaning they are divided into two components (locules) separated by a central septum with a perforation or isthmus. Pycnidia, which are small, flask-shaped asexual reproductive structures, are mostly present in Scutaria. The conidia (asexual spores), produced within these pycnidia are rod-shaped (bacilliform).
In terms of chemistry, Scutaria is primarily characterised by the presence of fragilin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), with occasional small amounts of other substances like parietin, emodin, and 7-chloroparietinic acid.

## Habitat and distribution

Scutaria andina is found in South America, where it typically grows on twigs. Originally described from specimens collected in Argentina, molecular analysis was later used to confirm its presence in Bolivia.
# Seals & Crofts I & II

Seals & Crofts I & II is a double album re-issue of their albums, Seals & Crofts and Down Home. In early 1974, while the duo were at the peak of their popularity, Warner Bros. Records decided it would be a good investment to purchase the rights to their first two LPs on the TA label, which by that time, were out of print. Songs 1-12 were written by Jimmy Seals, except for Seven Valleys, which had some help from Dash Crofts. Songs 13-23 were written by Seals & Crofts, except where indicated otherwise.

## Track listing

* "See My Life" - 3:21
* "Sea Of Consciousness" - 2:36
* "Seldom's Sister" - 2:41
* "Not Be Found" - 2:53
* "Birthday Of My Thoughts" - 4:39
* "In Tune" - 3:15
* "'Cows Of Gladness" - 3:25
* "Earth" - 2:43
* "Seven Valleys" (Seals/Crofts) - 1:36
* "Jekyll And Hyde" - 1:51
* "Ashes In The Snow" - 3:50
* "See My Life (Reprise)" - :40
* "Ridin' Thumb" - 3:53
* "Hand-Me-Down Shoe" - 3:20
* "Purple Hand" - 2:35
* "Robin" - 1:53
* "Hollow Reed" - 3:29
* "Gabriel Go On Home" - 3:54
* "Tin Town" - 3:14
* "Today" - 3:43
* "Cottonmouth" - 3:44
* "Granny, Will Your Dog Bite?" (Seals) - :38
* "Leave" (Seals/Trombatore) - 4:18

## Charts

| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| Canada | 49 |
# Scottish Women in Sport Hall of Fame

The Scottish Women in Sport Hall of Fame, launched in 2018, is an award to recognize and honour Scottish female athletes who have made an outstanding contribution to Scottish sport, including women in their day who are considered pioneers in their sport. The women were nominated by the public and national sporting bodies, and chosen by a selected panel of experts to be inducted.

## History

Maureen McGonigle, Scottish Women in Sport's chief executive, along with Dr Fiona Skillen, lecturer and sports historian at Glasgow Caledonian University and Hannah Norton of the sport and physical activity department at Strathclyde University were tasked with selecting the final list of inductees for the inaugural Scottish Women in Sport Hall of Fame in 2018. Edna Neillis (football), Helen Graham (football), Isabel Newstead (swimming and shooting), and Marjorie Langmuir (badminton, hockey and tennis) were all confirmed in March 2018 to be inducted.
The first four women were categorized as 'pioneer inductees'. Belle Robertson (golf), Joan Watt (physiotherapy), Kari Carswell (cricket), and Maggie McEleny (swimming) also joined the list as 2018 inductees. The inaugural ceremony took place at the GoGlasgow Hotel in May 2018 and was hosted by world, European and Commonwealth swimming champion Hannah Miley.
As of 2021, the award was incorporated into the annual Sportswoman of the Year awards dinner. Former rower Gillian Lindsay (2021), Ravenscraig women’s football team (2022), and retired athlete Eilidh Doyle (2023) have all since been inducted.

## Hall of Fame

* 2018 Inductee Helen GrahamScottish sportswoman in bold were inducted as 'pioneers'.
| Year | Athlete | Achievements |
| 2018 | Helen Graham | Pioneer in the 1880s for women's football. |
| 2018 | Edna Neillis | Stellar football career. Played in the French and Italian Championships in the 1970s. |
| 2018 | Marjorie Langmuir | Multi-talented athlete who represented Scotland in badminton, field hockey and tennis in the same year. |
| 2018 | Isabel Newstead | Multiple gold medal-winning Paralympic and World champion in swimming and shooting. |
| 2018 | Belle Robertson | Multiple Ladies Amateur golf champion in match play and stroke play. Multiple Curtis Cup appearances. |
| 2018 | Maggie McEleny | 14-time Paralympic medalist in swimming. |
| 2018 | Kari Carswell | Former player and coach for the Scotland national women's cricket team. |
| 2018 | Joan Watt | Forty-five years of service to Commonwealth Games Scotland. Awarded CGF Order of Merit. |
| 2020 | Jessie Valentine | Scottish amateur golfer who won the British Ladies Amateur in 1937, 1955 and 1958. |
| 2022 | Ravenscraig women’s football team | |
| 2023 | Eilidh Doyle | Scotland's most decorated track and field athlete. 17-time major championship medalist. |
# Secrets of The Last Nazi

Secrets of The Last Nazi is the debut novel by non-fiction writer Iain King. It became the United Kingdom’s best-selling spy story of 2015, and was classified in the United States as a ‘Number One New Release’ in espionage.
The story follows an international team of five, led by eccentric British military historian Myles Munro, which investigates the life and secrets of SS Captain Werner Stolz, while facing several dangers.
The book received mixed reviews.
A prequel, Last Prophecy of Rome which also featured the character Myles Munro, was published in 2016.
# Seana

Seana or Seána is a female given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Seána Kerslake (born 1990), Irish actress
* Seana Kofoed (born 1970), American television actress
* Seana McKenna (born 1956), Canadian actress
* Seana Shiffrin, American professor
* Seána Talbot, British healthcare manager and charity leader
# Secusio

Secusio is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Francis Walker in 1854.

## Species

* Secusio abdominalis Rothschild, 1910
* Secusio ansorgei W. Rothschild, 1933
* Secusio atrizonata Hampson, 1910
* Secusio deilemera Talbot, 1929
* Secusio deilemerana Strand, 1909
* Secusio discoidalis Talbot, 1929
* Secusio drucei W. Rothschild, 1933
* Secusio griseipennis Hampson, 1911
* Secusio hymenaea Gerstaecker, 1919
* Secusio intensa W. Rothschild, 1933
* Secusio javanica Roepke, 1940
* Secusio mania Druce, 1888
* Secusio monteironis W. Rothschild, 1933
* Secusio parvipuncta Hampson, 1891
* Secusio postmedialis Strand, 1919
* Secusio quadripunctata Aurivillius, 1900
* Secusio rothi Rothschild, 1933
* Secusio sansibarensis Strand, 1909
* Secusio sansibariensis Gaede, 1926
* Secusio strigata Walker, 1854
* Secusio strigata Hampson, 1894

## Former species

* Secusio gaetana Oberthür, 1923
# Sekotong

Sekotong or Sekotong Peninsula (Indonesian: Semenanjung Sekotong) is a peninsula in the south-west of Lombok Island, Indonesia.
# See Jack Run

See Jack Run is a 1992 Australian television film about urban teenagers. Directed by Stephen Amis, it stars Trent Mooney.

## Plot

In Melbourne's western suburbs, seventeen year old Brian Johnson has an inadequate education and a family involved in crime.

## Cast

* Trent Mooney as Brian Johnson
* Molly Brumm as Jan Wilson
* Ellisa Holloway as Karen Molloy

## Release

The film screened at the 1994 Melbourne International Film Festival and was nationally screened in Australia on the Channel Nine network.
# Self-averaging

A self-averaging physical property of a disordered system is one that can be described by averaging over a sufficiently large sample. The concept was introduced by Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz.

## Definition

Frequently in physics one comes across situations where quenched randomness plays an important role. Any physical property X of such a system, would require an averaging over all disorder realisations. The system can be completely described by the average [X] where [...] denotes averaging over realisations (“averaging over samples”) provided the relative variance R$_X$ = V$_X$ / [X]$^2$ → 0 as N→∞, where V$_X$ = [X$^2$] − [X]$^2$ and N denotes the size of the realisation. In such a scenario a single large system is sufficient to represent the whole ensemble. Such quantities are called self-averaging. Away from criticality, when the larger lattice is built from smaller blocks, then due to the additivity property of an extensive quantity, the central limit theorem guarantees that R$_X$ ~ N$^{−1}$ thereby ensuring self-averaging. On the other hand, at the critical point, the question whether $X$ is self-averaging or not becomes nontrivial, due to long range correlations.

## Non self-averaging systems

At the pure critical point randomness is classified as relevant if, by the standard definition of relevance, it leads to a change in the critical behaviour (i.e., the critical exponents) of the pure system. It has been shown by recent renormalization group and numerical studies that self-averaging property is lost if randomness or disorder is relevant. Most importantly as N → ∞, R$_X$ at the critical point approaches a constant. Such systems are called non self-averaging. Thus unlike the self-averaging scenario, numerical simulations cannot lead to an improved picture in larger lattices (large N), even if the critical point is exactly known. In summary, various types of self-averaging can be indexed with the help of the asymptotic size dependence of a quantity like R$_X$. If R$_X$ falls off to zero with size, it is self-averaging whereas if R$_X$ approaches a constant as N → ∞, the system is non-self-averaging.

## Strong and weak self-averaging

There is a further classification of self-averaging systems as strong and weak. If the exhibited behavior is R$_X$ ~ N$^{−1}$ as suggested by the central limit theorem, mentioned earlier, the system is said to be strongly self-averaging. Some systems shows a slower power law decay R$_X$ ~ N$^{−z}$ with 0 < z < 1. Such systems are classified weakly self-averaging. The known critical exponents of the system determine the exponent z.
It must also be added that relevant randomness does not necessarily imply non self-averaging, especially in a mean-field scenario.
The RG arguments mentioned above need to be extended to situations with sharp limit of T$_c$ distribution and long range interactions.
# Seikwa

Seikwa is a town located in Tain District, in Bono region (formerly Brong Ahafo), Ghana. As of 2010, Seikwa had a population of 9,166, consisting of 4,149 males and 5,017 females. The town is served by the Nkoranman Senior Secondary School.
# Selma Harrington

Selma Harrington née Arnautović is a Bosnian-Irish architect and designer. She holds a PhD in Architecture from the University of Strathclyde and an MPhil European Studies from the Trinity College Dublin. She is an Executive Board member and Vice-President (2020-21) and served as President of the Architects' Council of Europe (ACE) (2010–11 and 2012–13).

## Biography

Harrington was born and grew up in Sarajevo. She graduated in architecture (1978) and received a master's degree (1985) at the University of Sarajevo
Having practiced as architect, furniture and product designer in Sarajevo, she moved to Harare, Zimbabwe (1991), where she set up her own design firm specializing in interior architecture, design and refurbishment (1993–99). Over the years, she has completed projects in Europe, Africa and Asia in the areas of hotel and office interiors, residential and furniture design. Upon relocation to Dublin, Ireland, she developed a portfolio of conservation, renovation and retrofit design projects. In parallel, she developed an academic career by leading a Master's programme in Interior Architecture and engaging in research. She is a Member of the Royal Institute of Architects in Ireland (RIAI) and a Head of Irish Delegation to the Architects Council of Europe (ACE).
Selma served as a secretary general of the European Council of Interior Architects (2004–2008), a President of the Institute of Designers in Ireland (IDI) - 2003 and a Honorary Treasurer of the Institute for Design and Disability in Ireland (IDDI) in 2001.
# Yi Ryang

Yi Ryang (Korean: 이량; Hanja: 李梁; 17 November 1519 – 8 March 1583), also spelle Lee Lyang, was a powerful politician during the Joseon period. His courtesy name was Gonggeo (공거; 公擧).

## Biography

Yi Ryang was a member of the ruling Jeonju Yi clan and was a great-great-great-grandson of Grand Prince Hyoryeong through his son Yi Gab, Prince Boseong.
His older sister, Lady Yi, was the wife of Sim Kang. Their daughter, Lady Sim, married Grand Prince Gyungwon, a son of King Jungjong, who later became Myeongjong of Joseon.
In his early years, Yi Ryang studied at Chung Sa-ryong's private academies.
In 1546, he passed to Saengwon and Chinsa exams and in 1552, he passed the Imperial examination. Yi Ryang worked in the Inspection Department.
In 1550, there was tension with Yun Won-hyeong's group of supporters, who were trying to take more government power at the time, and Yi Ryang was promoted rapidly under the auspices of King Myeongjong. He was promoted to second level bureaucrat after only two years.
In 1563, it was discovered that Yi Ryang had illegally accumulated wealth. As a result, he was ousted from the government, but his punishment was lessened due to Yun Won-hyeong's intervention.
Yi Ryang died in exile on March 8, 1583.

## Family

* Father
** Yi Dae, Prince Jeonseong (전성군 이대; 全城君 李薱; 21 July 1488 – 29 December 1543)
* Mother
** Lady Jeong of the Dongnae Jeong clan (동래 정씨; 1489 – 9 January 1557)
* Sibling(s)
** Older brother: Yi Jeub (이즙, 李楫; 1503 - 10 February 1580)
** Older brother: Yi Baek (이백, 李栢; 1504–?)
** Older brother: Yi Geon (이건, 李楗; 1505–1571)
** Older brother: Yi Ryeok (이력; 1507–?)
** Older brother: Yi No (이노, 李櫓; 1509–1566)
** Older sister: Yi Hui-gyeong, Internal Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Yi clan (이희경 완산부부인 전주 이씨; 1512 - 1559)
*** Niece: Queen Insun of the Cheongseong Sim clan (인순왕후 심씨; 27 June 1532 - 12 February 1575)
*** Nephew: Sim Ui-gyeom (심의겸; 沈義謙; 1535–1587)
** Older brother: Yi Park (이박, 李樸; 1515 - 7 September 1563)
** Younger brother: Yi Oh (이오; 李悟; 1520–?)
* Wives and their issue(s):
** Lady Yun of the Haman Yun clan (함안 윤씨; 1513–?); eldest daughter of Yun Ji-chong (윤지청; 尹之淸; 1480–?)
*** Son: Yi Jeong-bin (이정빈; 李廷賓; 8 August 1539 – 7 September 1592)
**** Daughter-in-law: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨; 1543 – 9 November 1592)
*** Daughter: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨; 1544–?)
**** Son-in-law: Kim Bong-seo (김봉서; 金鳳瑞) of the Gwangsan Kim clan (1548–?)
*** Son: Yi Se-bin (이세빈; 李世賓; 1551–1573)
*** Son: Yi Eon-bin (이언빈; 李彦賓; 1555-?)
*** Son: Yi Han-bin (이한빈; 李漢賓; 1560–?)
** Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨; 1512–?); daughter of Yun Ji-yang (윤지양; 尹之讓; 1482–?) — No issue.
** Unnamed concubine
*** Unnamed son

## Books

* Yongsailgi (龍蛇日記, 용사일기)
* Munsuji (文殊志, 문수지)
* Saseonggangmok (四姓綱目, 사성강목)
# Senator McGraw

Senator McGraw may refer to:
* Perrin H. McGraw (1822–1899), New York State Senate
* Warren McGraw (1939–2023), West Virginia State Senate
# Selaginella cinerascens

Selaginella cinerascens is a species of spikemoss known by the common names mesa spikemoss, gray spikemoss, and ashy spikemoss. It is native to Baja California as well as some locations just north of the border in San Diego County, California. It grows in dry habitat, often on clay soil, both in open areas and in the shade of larger plants. This lycophyte forms mats of spreading, forking stems up to 18 centimeters long. The plant is often gray or brown in color, forming a dull-colored carpet on the substrate. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are 1 to 3 millimeters long and lack bristles at the tips. The leaves are green when new or moist. They are flattened to the stem or stick out just a little. The strobili borne at the leaf bases are yellow in color and no more than 4 to 5 millimeters long.
# Selaginella carinata

Selaginella carinata is a species of plant in the Selaginellaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and it is threatened by habitat loss.