# Timeline of Hanover

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

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* 1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
* 1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
* 1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
* 1369 - Welfs in power.
* 1382 - Döhrener Tower [de] built near city.
* 1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date).
* 1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).
* 1440 - Stadtbibliothek Hannover [de] (library) founded.
* 1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
* 1550 - Alter Jüdischer Friedhof an der Oberstraße [de] (cemetery) established.
* 1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
* 1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins.
* 1689
** Population: 11,373.
** Schlossopernhaus [de] opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone.
* 1698 - Leibniz house [de] in use.
* 1720 - Royal Public Library [de] active.
* 1726 - Herrenhäuser Allee [de] laid out.
* 1755 - Population: 17,432.
* 1797 - Hanover Natural History Society [de] founded.
* 1798 - Adressbuch der Stadt Hannover [de] (city directory) begins publication.

## 19th century

* 1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.
* 1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.
* 1821 - Population: 33,255.
* 1824 - Calenberger Neustadt [de] becomes part of city.
* 1826 - Gas lighting installed.
* 1832 - Kunstverein Hannover [de] (art society) formed.
* 1835 - Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen [de] (historical society) founded.
* 1838 - Artilleriekaserne am Steintor [de] (military barracks) built.
* 1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
* 1847
** Bremen–Hanover railway begins operating.
** Development of Ernst-August-Stadt [de] area begins.
* 1851 - Thalia Society founded.
* 1852
** Royal Theatre built.
** Hannoversches Tageblatt [de] newspaper in publication.
* 1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
* 1854 - Hannoversche Courier [de] newspaper begins publication.
* 1856 - Museum of Art and Science [de] built.
* 1861 - Population: 71,170.
* 1864
** Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
** Stadtfriedhof Engesohde [de] and Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede [de] (cemeteries) established.
* 1865 - Hanover Zoo established.
* 1866
** Hanover becomes part of Prussia.
** Hanover Military Riding Institute [de] active.
** Welfenschloss (palace) built.
** X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
** Hanover Chamber of Industry and Commerce [de] established.
* 1870 - New Synagogue, Hanover [de] built.
* 1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
* 1872
** Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
** Goethe Bridge [de] built.
* 1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
* 1885 - Population: 139,731.
* 1886 - Cumberlandsche Galerie [de] built.
* 1888 - Photographischer Verein founded.
* 1889
** Mellini-Theater [de] opens.
** Kestner Museum established.
* 1891 - Hainholz [de], Herrenhausen, List [de], and Vahrenwald [de] become part of city.
* 1893
** Electric tram begins operating.
** Hannoverscher Anzeiger [de] newspaper begins publication.
* 1895 - Lister Tower [de] and Flusswasserkunst [de] built.
* 1896
** Hannover 96 football club formed.
** Holzmarkt Fountain [de] installed.
* 1897 - Music Conservatory established.
* 1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.

## 20th century
### 1900-1945

* 1902 - Provincial museum built.
* 1903 - Vaterländisches Museum [de] opens.
* 1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
* 1907 - Bothfeld [de], Groß-Buchholz [de], Klein-Buchholz, Döhren [de], Kirchrode [de], Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and Wülfel [de] become part of city.
* 1908 - Anti-noise society formed.
* 1911 - Schauburg [de] (theatre) opens.
* 1913 - New City Hall built in the Maschpark [de].
* 1914
** Stadthalle built.
** Stadtpark (Hannover) [de] opens.
* 1916
** Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed.
** Duve-Brunnen [de] (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
* 1918
** November: German Revolution of 1918–19.
** Robert Leinert [de] becomes mayor.
* 1919
** Deutsche Luft-Reederei begins operating its Berlin-Hannover airplane route.
** Population: 310,431.
* 1920
** Linden becomes part of city.
** Hanover Cavalry School [de] established.
* 1921
** Nazi Party branch established.
** Überlandwerke und Straßenbahnen Hannover AG (public transit entity) active.
** Hindenburg Villa [de] in use.
* 1923
** German Völkisch Freedom Party branch established.
** Nazi Niedersächsischer Beobachter [de] weekly newspaper begins publication.
* 1924 - Gustav Fink [de] becomes mayor.
* 1925
** Arthur Menge becomes mayor.
** Population: 422,745.
* 1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established.
* 1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
* 1937 - Henricus Haltenhoff [de] becomes mayor.
* 1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
* 1939
** September: Bombing of Hanover in World War II by Allied forces begins.
** Population: 472,527.
* 1942 - Ludwig Hoffmeister [de] becomes Staatskommissare.
* 1944
** 24 June: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp [de] begins operating.
** 26 June: Hanover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.
** 1 September: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp redesignated a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.
** September: Hanover-Stöcken (Continental) concentration camp [de] begins operating.
** Late September or early October: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.
** November: Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp [de] established.
** Egon Bönner [de] becomes Staatskommissare.
* 1945
** January: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners relocated to the Hanover-Limmer camp.
** February: Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp [de] begins operating.
** 6 April: Hanover-Limmer and Hanover-Misburg subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners sent on a death march.
** 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
** April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed.

### 1946-1990s

* 1946 - February: Flood.
* 1947
** 1 April: Food protest.
** Hannover Messe (trade fair) begins.
* 1949
** Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
** Europa-Haus [de] built.
* 1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
* 1951 - Youth House [de] built.
* 1952
** Landesbühne Hannover [de] (theatre) established.
** Trade union building [de] built.
* 1954
** Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
** Mannesmann Tower erected.
** Frühlingsfest Hannover [de] begins.
** Markthalle Hannover [de] rebuilt.
* 1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover [de] begins.
* 1965 - Population: 555,228.
* 1969 - IBM-Haus [de] built.
* 1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
* 1972 - Herbert Schmalstieg [de] becomes mayor.
* 1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and Wülferode [de] become part of city.
* 1975
** Hanover Stadtbahn begins operating.
** Eilenriedehalle built in the Hannover Congress Centrum [de].
* 1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
* 1987 - Klecks-Theater Hannover [de] founded.
* 1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
* 1992 - Hanover City Archive [de] moves to Bokemahle in Südstadt-Bult [de].
* 2000
** June: Expo 2000 opens.
** Hanover S-Bahn commuter rail begins operating.

## 21st century

* 2001 - Gehry Tower built.
* 2002 - Nord/LB headquarters [de] built.
* 2005 - Regional Lower Saxony State Archives [de] established, including its Hanover office [de].
* 2006 - Stephan Weil becomes mayor.
* 2008
** Hannover City 2020 + [de] urban planning process begins.
** Baitus Sami Mosque built.
* 2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
* 2014 - Population: 523,642.

## Images

* Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
* Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
* Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
* Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
* Flood, 1946