OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Lapp

Ralph Eugene Lapp (August 24, 1917 – September 7, 2004) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project.
Lapp was an early advocate of civil defense. He attempted to demystify radiation.

## Biography

He was born in Buffalo, New York, and attended the University of Chicago. After completing his graduate studies at the university he joined the Manhattan Project and became the assistant director of the metallurgical laboratory. He then accepted a position with the War Department General Staff as a scientific advisor on atomic energy. When the research and development board was formed, Doctor Lapp became executive director of its committee on atomic energy. After this he acted as head of the Nuclear Physics branch of the Office of Naval Research. He wrote Nuclear Radiation Biology, A Nuclear Reference Manual, Must We Hide?, and assisted Doctor H.L. Andrews from the National Institute of Health in writing Nuclear Radiation Physics. He became an activist later in life and wrote a book, Victims of the Super Bomb (1957).
In his book The New Priesthood: The Scientific Elite and the Uses of Power, Lapp describes the increase in funding for science and the growing influence of scientists in American politics after the invention of the atomic bomb.
Lapp was interviewed by Mike Wallace in 1957.
In December 1971, he wrote a syndicated newspaper article titled "Problems in nuclear plumbing", discussing the threat of the "China Syndrome".
He died on September 7, 2004.

## Works
### Specialist

* Lapp, Ralph E.; Andrews (1963). Nuclear Radiation Physics. Prentice-Hall Physics Series (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall.
* AFSWP; Collective (1948). Radiological Defense (Vol. I - IV). Armed Forces Special Weapons Project.
** Lapp contributed to Vol. 3. Note that the document is now considered obsolete. See also Glasstone's The Effects of Nuclear Weapons.

### Non-fiction

* Must We Hide? (1949)
* The New Force: The Story of Atoms And People (1953)
* Atoms And People (1956)
* Radiation: What It Is And How It Affects You (1957)
* The Voyage of the Lucky Dragon (1958); Harper, New York
* Roads to Discovery (1960)
* Man and Space: The Next Decade (1961); Harper, New York
* Kill and Overkill (1962); Basic Books, New York
* Matter (1963); Series: Time-Life Science Library
* The New Priesthood: The Scientific Elite and The Uses of Power (1965)
* Arms Beyond Doubt: The Tyranny Of Weapons Technology (1970)
* My Life With Radiation: Hiroshima Plus Fifty Years (1995)
# Siglo XXI (publisher)

Siglo XXI Editores ("21st Century") is an Ibero-American book publisher. It was acquired in 2021 by Capital Intelectual.
The organization was founded in Mexico on November 18, 1965, by Arnaldo Orfila Reynal, the former director of the Fondo de Cultura Económica, who directed it until 1989. Subsequently, Martí Soler, recognized as one of the best editors, directed it for two years.
# Silent Images

Silent Images is a Malmö-based, Swedish progressive death metal/thrash metal band, and is notable for being the sole extreme metal act from Sweden that solely encompasses musicians of foreign backgrounds, namely Argentina, Bolivia and Singapore. The members’ distinctively broad experiences in Rock, Metal, Jazz and Latin have proved invaluable in adding a unique taste to the band’s sound.

## History

The band was founded in 2011 by Argentinean-born David Sosa on guitars and Bolivian-born Manolo Beltran on drums. In 2012, Bolivian Renzo Jaldin & Singaporean Mithun MK (Deus Ex Machina) were respectively roped in on bass and vocals to complete the equation.
The band released a self-titled EP in 2013, and thereafter played multiple shows regionally och nationally. In 2015, Silent Images recorded Knightfall, their full-length sophomore album at Hoborec Studios, Malmö. The album is based on the Batman:Knightfall story arc, with additional cues taken from the Batman: Arkham game series, as well as trinkets of philosophy. Lyrically, Shakespearean English, German, French and Latin were utilized to complement the diverse musicality.
Following the recording of Knightfall, they joined the growing roster of Spanish label Art Gates Records, whom scheduled their album for an international release in March 2016.

## Musical style

Silent Images depicts a musical style that is highly varied, and an amalgamation of different influences. Their music has been referred to as a Pandora´s box of brutality, melody and eclecticism. Critics have positively categorized the band as death metal, melodic death metal, progressive metal, and thrash metal, whilst simultaneously considering to be original in their ventures. Vocally, the approach used is very diversified and unorthodox, with comparisons having been made to other theatrical acts such as Cradle Of Filth, Rammstein, Dir En Grey and King Diamond. Lyrically, the band´s conceptualizations utilize highly poetic and sophisticated content, with multiple languages complementing Shakespearean overtones.
The band has cited numerous influences, primarily Megadeth, Symphony X, Meshuggah, Dying Fetus, Dream Theater, Pantera as among their many inspirations.

## Band members

* David Sosa Larzabal – guitars (2011–Present)
* Manolo Beltran – drums (2011–Present)
* Renzo Jaldin – bass (2012–Present)
* Mithun MK - vocals (2012–Present)

## Discography

* Silent Images (EP, 2014)
* Knightfall (Album, 2016)
# Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM lens

The Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM is a normal prime lens made by the Sigma Corporation.
The lens is produced in Canon EF mount, Four Thirds System, Nikon F-mount, Pentax K mount, Sigma's own SA mount, and the Sony/Minolta AF Mount varieties, all have the same optical formula.

## Technical information

The Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM is constructed with a plastic body and a metal mount. This lens features a distance window with depth of field scale. A nine-blade, maximum aperture of f/1.4 gives the lens the ability to create shallow depth-of-field effects. The optical construction of this lens contains eight lens elements, including one aspherical lens element. This lens uses a front extension focusing system, powered by a ring USM motor. Auto-focus speed of the lens is moderate; it is not as fast as most ring USM lenses. The front of the lens does not rotate, but does extend when focusing. The lens is designed so that the outer body barrel is longer than the inner lens barrel, when the inner lens barrel is at its longest extension. This results in the lens maintaining the same overall length no matter where the point of focus lies.
When used on a digital crop body with a field of view compensation factor of 2× (Four Thirds body), it provides a field of view equivalent to a 100 mm lens mounted in a 35 mm body. In a 1.6× body, such as the Canon EOS 7D, it provides a narrower field of view, equivalent to an 80 mm lens mounted on a 35 mm frame body. With a 1.5× body such as the Nikon D300, it provides a less narrow field of view, equivalent to a 75 mm lens mounted on a 35 mm frame body. With a 1.3× body such as the Canon EOS-1D Mark III, it provides an even less narrow field of view, equivalent to a 65 mm lens mounted on a 35 mm frame body.

## Advantages & Problems

This lens has shown to have lower vignetting than other Canon 50mm lenses. It has been reported that quality control problems lead to some copies of this lens having problems attaining proper focus when using auto focus.
# Signepupina pfeifferi

Signepupina pfeifferi is a species of land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pupinidae.
This species is the endemic to Queensland, Australia.
# Rajjowal

Rajjowal is a village located in the Ludhiana West tehsil, of Ludhiana district, Punjab.

## Administration

The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 296 | | |
| Population | 1,394 | 728 | 666 |

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Sahnewal Airport.
# Rajjamana

Rajjamana is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Sigurd Senje

Sigurd Senje (15 September 1919 – 24 September 1993) was a Norwegian non-fiction writer, novelist and children's writer from Oslo. His writings focused on nature descriptions, local history and World War II.
Senje lectured in secondary school for many years, until he became a full-time writer in 1972.
Among his World War II books are Dum Dum Kuler (Dum Dum Bullets) from 1973 and Forræder Skutt (Traitor Shot) from 1981. Ekko Fra Skriktjenn (Echoes From Skriktjenn) from 1983 treated the Feldmann case, and was the basis for the 1984 film Over grensen (Across the Border).
Among his books on local history are Østmarka from 1974, a book on Akerselva from 1977, and Vi i Østensjøbyen from 1985. His musical Spillet om Sarabråten from 1976 has been performed annually at Sarabråten at Nøklevann, Oslo. He was awarded the Ministry of Culture's prize for Sleiven finner kursen from 1959.
# Red Cow (restaurant)

Red Cow is a restaurant in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington.

## Description

The Ethan Stowell restaurant in Seattle's Madrona neighborhood has a French bistro menu focused on steak frites. Lonely Planet says, "The decor is typical Stowell – open kitchen, intimate interior and clean-lined minimalist design – while the menu star is steak (seven different cuts), frites and garlic aioli. On other plates, the food doesn't stray too far from France. Bank on lamb terrine, vol-au-vents and moules-frites (mussels and fries)."

## History

The restaurant opened on February 10, 2014.
# Stockman (surname)

Stockman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri (1927–2015), Australian artist
* David Stockman (born 1946), former US Representative and Director of the Office of Management and Budget
* Farah Stockman (born 1974), American journalist
* Gerald R. Stockman (born 1934), American politician
* Harry Stockman (1919–1994), American racing driver
* Hayley Stockman (born 1985), New Zealand netball player
* Jacques Stockman (1938–2013), Belgian football player
* Lily Stockman (born 1982), American artist and writer
* Lowell Stockman (1901–1962), former US Representative
* Mark Stockman (1947–2020), Soviet-born American physicist
* Phil Stockman (born 1980), British baseball player
* Ralph Stockman Tarr (1864–1912), American geographer
* René Stockman (born 1954), Belgian religious leader
* Ron Stockman (born 1934), Australian football player
* Sam Stockman (born 1982), British actor
* Shawn Stockman (born 1972), American singer
* Steve Stockman (born 1956), former US Representative

## Fictional characters

* Baxter Stockman, fictional character in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
# Lithuania women's national volleyball team

The Lithuania women's national volleyball team represents Lithuania in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches.

## History

Although volleyball was always regularly played in Lithuania, both the country's men's and women's national teams were inactive for a long period. In 2013 the Lithuania women's national volleyball team participated in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship qualification (CEV) tournament, the first Lithuanian team international appearance after their extended absence.
# Savalia savaglia

Savalia savaglia, commonly known as gold coral, is a species of colonial false black coral in the family Parazoanthidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it often grows in association with a gorgonian. It is extremely long-lived, with a lifespan of 2,700 years, and develops into a large tree-like colony.

## Description

Savalia savaglia forms a large, tree-like colony. The polyps secrete a horny brown or black skeleton from which they project. They are yellow and about 3 cm (1.2 in) tall. Each polyp has an oral disc at the top surrounded by about thirty tentacles. These are arranged in two whorls and are not pinnate, making it easy to recognise that this species is a zoanthid rather than an octocoral or a member of another order of Hexacorallia.

## Distribution

Savalia savaglia is found in the western Mediterranean Sea between the Straits of Gibraltar and Sardinia. It is also found in the Atlantic Ocean, its range including the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Atlantic coasts of Spain and Portugal. The species is uncommon throughout most of its range, though rather more common in the Gulf of Corinth and the Sea of Marmara. Its depth range is usually between 10 and 120 m (33 and 394 ft). Research has shown that its most suitable habitat is a rough sea floor with steeply sloping rocks which are slanting northeastward, at a depth in the range of 34 to 77 m (112 to 253 ft).

## Ecology

A colony of Savalia savaglia often starts by colonising the surface of a gorgonian such as Paramuricea clavata or Eunicella singularis. In time it engulfs these gorgonians and produces its own rigid skeleton, making it self-supporting. It can grow to a height of 2 metres (6 feet) with a trunk diameter of 14 cm (5.5 in). The skeleton is rich in histidine and contains the unusual ecdysterone, ajugasterone-C. The growth rate of the colony is slow and carbon-14 dating techniques have given an age of 2,700 years, giving this zoanthid one of the longest lifespans of any organism on Earth. Because of its longevity and its large, rigid three-dimensional skeleton, it is considered to be a habitat modifier, reducing current velocity, stabilising sedimentation and increasing local deposition of fine particles. It also promotes biodiversity on the seabed.
The polyps of S. savaglia feed by capturing plankton and other particles from the water, and can also absorb dissolved nutrients.
Colonies of S. savaglia are either male or female. At a study site in the northwestern Mediterranean at 67 metres (220 ft), there were found to be more female colonies than male. Spawning took place in December when the seawater started to cool. This zoanthid can also reproduce asexually.
# Her TV

Her TV (Chinese: 魅力資訊頻道, aTV4) was a television channel produced by Asia Television, which broadcast from December 31, 2007 until April 1, 2009.

## History

His TV started test broadcasting on December 2, 2007 and official broadcasting on December 31, 2007. It could be watched only with a standard-definition television or better. It closed on April 1, 2009, as Asia Television restructured their channels.

## Program

Her TV mainly targeted a female audience, with such broadcasting as cosmic and fashion programs. It co-operated with a famous model international company, Icon Models, as the digit icon of the channel.
# Innocence Lost

Innocence Lost may refer to:
* Madonna: Innocence Lost, a 1994 American biographical drama TV film
* X-23: Innocence Lost, 2005 six-issue Marvel comic book miniseries
* Innocence Lost (TV series), a 2016–17 Chinese-language documentary from Singapore
* Innocence Lost, 2017 album by Swedish pop singer and songwriter Erik Hassle
# Villabáñez

Villabáñez is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 480 inhabitants.
# Viloria de Rioja

Viloria de Rioja is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2014 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 41 inhabitants. It was the birthplace of Saint Dominic de la Calzada, in 1019.
# Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome

Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France. It was located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) northeast of Vertus, in the Marne department in northeastern France.

## Overview

The airfield was built by the French Air Service in early 1917, widely used until the Armistice.
In January 1918, 1st Pursuit Organization and Training Center of formed by the American Air Service, to be eventually turned into an operational 1st Pursuit Group; as such, it was the first airfield in France used by the Americans for air combat operations on the Western Front.
The 94th Aero Squadron arrived at Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome to be part of the 1st POTC on 20 February 1918 without any aircraft, and it wasn't until two weeks later, on 8 March, that seven Nieuport planes arrived from Air Service Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Field, near Paris. However, the planes were unarmed. Despite this, the first flights of the Air Service were flown the next day, although due to the lack of armament, the pilots were not allowed to cross over the lines to enemy-controlled airspace. On 5 March, the 95th Aero Squadron arrived at the airfield, and the two squadrons started their operational training; accompanied by patrols from French "escadrilles", they would sometimes make trips to the front to get acquainted with the area.
By 1 April, both squadrons had moved to Epiez Aerodrome, then to Croix-de-Metz Aerodrome near Toul to take part in the formation of the 1st Pursuit Group on 5 May.
The airfield saw some activity with the French Air Service until May 1919, before being turned back to agricultural use. In May 1940, the field saw an RAF Fairey Battle squadron landing for some days, before being driven away by the German offensive through France; Messerschmitt fighters of the Luftwaffe also stayed here in June 1944, and finally American Stars and Stripes flew again over the grounds when USAAF ALG A.63 was set up in September 1944 for the Douglas C-47s of the 441 TCG (which stayed until early October (the shadow of the dismantled runway and taxiways were still showing in 1949). Today, what was Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome is a series of cultivated fields located north of Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny east of the Départmental 12 (D12), with no indications of its wartime uses.

## Known units assigned

* 94th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) 5 March-1 April 1918
* 95th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) 18 February-1 April 1918
# Vincent Deporter

Vincent Deporter (13 February 1959 – 25 September 2022) was a Belgian comic and storyboard artist. Deporter got his start in comics working as an assistant to Jean Graton, before selling his own strips, as Mike Deporter, to Spirou magazine. From 1996, after relocating to New York, he worked on DC's line of comic books adapted from popular animated cartoons, like Scooby-Doo and Ed, Edd n Eddy, and also inked many of the Batman and Superman style-guides. He continued to work for Nickelodeon, notably on SpongeBob SquarePants. When Nickelodeon Magazine ended its print run, he then started to write and draw for the SpongeBob Comics as a regular contributor. Deporter also wrote and illustrated on more philosophical issues. He illustrated the book Sacred Cows: a Lighthearted Look at Belief and Tradition around the World, by the host of The Thinking Atheist Seth Andrews. He lived in Arizona, painting and writing non-graphic novels.
# Violator

Violator may refer to:
* Violator (album), a 1990 album by Depeche Mode
* Violator (band), a Brazilian thrash metal band
* Violator (comics), a character from the Spawn comics
* Violator (company), a hip-hop/R&B management firm, record label
** Violator: The Album
** Violator: The Album, V2.0
* Violator (film), a 2014 Philippine film
# Virasat (1999 film)

Virasat is a 1999 Pakistani Urdu movie starring Saima and Shaan. Film song lyrics by Altaf Bajwa and Saeed Gillani. Singers were Shazia Manzoor, Saira Nasim and Azra Jehan, film music composer is Ustad Tafu.
# Virginia Keating Orton

Virginia Carter Keating MacCraig Orton (November 1, 1882 - December 25, 1960), A.B., was the vice-president of Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs.

## Early life

Virginia Carter Keating MacCraig Orton was born on November 1, 1882, in Virginia, the daughter of Edward J. Keating and Jewel Carter Davis. Hers was an aristocratic family.

## Career

She was a writer of verse and short stories.
She was a leader in social, cultural, art and literary activities; she was active in welfare and charity work.
She was the vice-president of Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs.
She was president of the Sumner Garden Club and vice-president of the Tacoma Drama League.
She was a member of Board of American Red Cross, Girl Scout Council, Board of Charities of the Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Western Washington Art Association, Sumner Civic Club, Tacoma Garden Club, Tacoma Tennis Club, Tacoma Country and Golf Club, Tacoma Fine Arts Club, Tacoma Bohemian Club, Seattle Free Lance Writers' Club, Linden Golf Club.

## Personal life and family

Virginia Keating Orton moved to Washington in 1920 and lived at Orton Place, Elhi Road, Sumner, Washington. In 1922 she married Charles Waite Orton (1877-1963), a college-educated man who built a showplace home on his farm near Sumner and in 1914 started raising bulbs. He became the president of the Board of Regents of the Washington State University. Orton Hall at Washington State University honors Charles Waite Orton. His brother, Edward "Ed" Orton raised daffodil bulbs and other products. He sold land to Japanese laborers, and when the Japanese were interned in World War II, he kept farming their land and maintaining their homes so that their properties were available to them when they were freed.
She died on December 25, 1960, and is buried at Sumner Cemetery, Sumner, Washington.
# Virginia Environmental Law Journal

The Virginia Environmental Law Journal is a law review edited by students at the University of Virginia School of Law. The journal covers research and discussion in the areas of environmental and natural resource law, on a broad array of topics from environmental justice to corporate liability. In June 2020, the Journal was the seventh highest ranked environmental law journal in the United States.
The first volume of the Journal was published in 1980 as the Virginia Journal of Natural Resources Law. It is entirely student-run. The Journal is closely tied to the law school's program in environmental and land use law, and it provides the law school community with a forum for discussion of current environmental issues through its publication of legal scholarship related to the topic.
The journal publishes the works of leading scholars, practitioners, and government officials, as well as exceptional student notes.

## Annual symposia

Through its annual symposia, the Journal encourages dialogue about environmental law and policy among students, professors, and the local Charlottesville community.
# Vivans

Vivans is a commune in the Loire department in central France.