OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# TONE camera

TONE camera was a sophisticated Hit-type camera using 17.5 mm paper backed film, introduced by Toyo Kobi Optical Company in occupied Japan in 1948.
Unlike other simple Hit-type cameras with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed, the TONE camera is a full function subminiature camera with focusing lens, variable aperture and variable shutter speed

## Features

* Both an eye-level viewfinder and a waist level viewfinder,
* Lens: TONE Anastigmat 1:3.5 f=25 mm
* Focusing dial: 3 ft, 10 ft, infinity
* Close focusing: about 2 feet
* Aperture: ƒ/3.5, ƒ/4.5, ƒ/8, ƒ/11
* Shutter: 1/25 s, 1/50 s, 1/100 s, bulb

## Film

HIT-type 17.5 mm paper backed roll film, with a metal spool, each roll of film can be used to make 10 exposures of 14x14 mm pictures. 17.5 mm film was made from 35 mm film by cutting it in the middle. One box of HIT film contains six rolls of 17.5 mm film wrapped in thin aluminium foil.
# Red-headed cockchafer

The red-headed cockchafer or red-headed pasture cockchafer (Adoryphorus couloni or Adoryphorus coulonii) is a species of Australian scarab beetle in the genus Adoryphorus. It is a pasture pest in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania. It has become naturalised in Canterbury, New Zealand, where it was first recorded in 1963.

## Description

The adult beetle is 10–15mm long, 8mm wide, and shiny reddish-brown to black. The larva is white-grey in the early stage. Older larva have yellowish legs and a hard red-brown head, and then become white when mature.
# Wanda Bottesi

Wanda Bottesi (1923 – 2008) was an Austrian Righteous Among the Nations. She was born in Innsbruck. In the summer of 1944 she rescued the Jews Lorraine Justman-Visnicki and Mirjam Fuchs from the deportation to a concentration camp. First she took the women to her apartment and hid them for a few weeks. A friend of her, police inspector Anton Dietz, managed to fake documents which declared the women Christian Poles. This way Lorraine Justman-Visnicki and Mirjam Fuchs could survive the war, working as foreign workers. Bottesi died in Innsbruck in 2008. In November, a tree was planted in her memory in Jerusalem, Israel.
# Luigi Pagano

Luigi Pagano was an Italian painter, known for his colorful depictions of his native Campania.

## Biography

He was born and a resident of Naples. In 1870 at Parma, he sent Una mattinata ad Amalfi, also exhibited the same year in Naples. In 1877, he exhibited in Naples: Ave Maria, oil canvas; Un burrone nel Beneventano; Autunno presso i Camaldoli di Naples and the Aspetta in vano. In 1881 to the Exhibition of Milan, he sent: Autunno paese; Col cader delle frondi è morto; Prato napoletano. To the 1881 Exhibition of Venice, he sent La Valle del Calore.
A painter of the same name was born in 1963 in Scafati; studied in the Academy of Fine Arts of Naples from 1981 to 1985 and served as docent academic in anatomy from 1995 - 96. Actually he is a docent at Fine Arts High School of Naples by continuing his career of painter with several exhibitions all over Italy and Europe.
# Lus.

Lus. is an abbreviation that can refer to:
* lusus naturae, botanical term meaning 'sport of nature'
* Ludisia, a genus of orchids abbreviated as Lus.
# Luisenstadt

| Coat of Arms | Map |
| | Map of central Berlin in 1789 showing Luisenstadt in the right bottom |
| Basic Information ||
| City: | Berlin |
| Borough: | Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg |
| Locality: | Mitte and Kreuzberg |
| Area: | ? |
| Population: | ? |
| Coordinates: | 52°31′N 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿52.517°N 13.417°E﻿ / 52.517; 13.417 |
| Elevation: | 34 m (111 ft) above sea level |
Luisenstadt (German pronunciation: ) is a former quarter (Stadtteil) of central Berlin, now divided between the present localities of Mitte and Kreuzberg. It gave its name to the Luisenstadt Canal and the Luisenstädtische Kirche.

## History

The area of the neighbourhood was originally named Myrica and was acquired in 1261 by the city of Cölln.

## Geography

Luisenstadt is bounded on the north by the river Spree, in the west by the Lindenstraße (in Friedrichstadt), and in the south by the Landwehrkanal. A smaller part of the zone now belongs to Mitte (in the same-named district) and the greater part to Kreuzberg (in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district).

## Main sights

* Emmaus Church
* Evangelical-Lutheran (Old-Lutheran) Church
* Görlitzer Bahnhof
* St. Jacob's Church
* Jannowitzbrücke
* Kottbusser Tor
* Lausitzer Platz
* Luisenstadt Canal
* Luisenstadt Church
* Mariannenplatz
* St. Michael's Church
* Moritzplatz
* Oberbaumbrücke
* Oranienplatz
* St. Thomas Church
* Wassertorplatz
# Luke's Freak Fest 2000

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Source | |
| Spin | 6/10 |
Luke's Freak Fest 2000 is a compilation album by American rapper and record producer Luke. It was released on March 7, 2000, through Luke Records through distribution from Loud Records (under the new-found structure of its merger into Sony Music's subsidiary Relativity Records only months prior). Production was handled by Jay "Ski" McGowan, 69 Boyz, Devastator, Darren “DJ Spin” Rudnick, Disco Rick, DJ Paul, Juicy J, Michael Starr, Robert "Reo" Owens, Ty Scott and Luke himself. It features new material from Luke and contributions from No Good But So Good, 10 K.A.N.S., 69 Boyz, 95 South, 606, Armageddon, Big Pun, Cuban Link, Del Harris, DJ Uncle Al, Goodie Mob, Jiggie Gee, Krayzie Bone, Ms. Tee, Quad City DJ's, Sylvia, Tear Da Club Up Thugs, Tightwork and Underground. The album peaked at number 140 on the Billboard 200 and number 37 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 140 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 37 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 9 |
# Luis Villalobos

Luis Villalobos may refer to:
* Luis Villalobos (investor)
* Luis Villalobos (cyclist)
# Lycoperdon subincarnatum

Lycoperdon subincarnatum is a type of puffball mushroom in the genus Lycoperdon (family Agaricaceae). It was first officially described in 1872 by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck. The puffball is found in North America and China.
# Lycoperdon molle

Lycoperdon molle, commonly known as the smooth puffball or the soft puffball, is a type of puffball mushroom in the genus Lycoperdon. It was first described scientifically in 1799 by Dutch mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. The puffball is edible when the internal flesh is still white.
# Lycorea

Lycorea is a genus of butterflies from the family Nymphalidae found in Mexico, Central America, and South America.

## Species

Listed alphabetically.
* Lycorea halia (Hübner, 1816) – tropical milkweed butterfly
* Lycorea ilione (Cramer, [1775]) – clearwing mimic queen
* Lycorea pasinuntia (Stoll, [1780]) – pasinuntia mimic queen
# Lycorea halia atergatis

Lycorea halia atergatis, the tropical milkweed butterfly, is a subspecies of Lycorea halia, also called the tropical milkweed butterfly, a nymphalid butterfly family in the Danainae subfamily. It is found from Mexico, Venezuela and Colombia. Its habitat is tropical rainforest. It is sold commercially to collectors.
# Lycée Gabriel Guist'hau

Lycée Gabriel Guist'hau is a senior high school/sixth-form college in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France.
It was originally opened in October 1882 as a school for girls. It became coeducational in 1970.
# Luz Oliveros-Belardo

Luz Oliveros-Belardo (November 3, 1906 – December 12, 1999) was a Filipina pharmaceutical chemist, honored with the National Scientist of the Philippines award by the Philippine government in 1987.

## Early life

Luz Oliveros was born in Navotas, then a municipality of Rizal, to Aurelio Oliveros and Elisa Belarmino. She held undergraduate (Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy) and master's degrees in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from the University of the Philippines in Manila. In 1957, she earned a PhD in Pharmacy at the University of Connecticut, with a dissertation involving molecular refraction in terpenes.

## Career

Luz Oliveros-Belardo was director of the Natural Sciences Research Center at the Philippine Women's University. She became Dean of the College of Pharmacy in 1947. Her research focused on extracting essential oils and other chemicals from native Philippine plants for pharmaceuticals, food production, scents, and other applications. For example, she developed an experimental formulation based on apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) oleoresin that was suitable for motor fuel.
In 1965–1966, she was named an AAUW fellow by the American Association of University Women to pursue her research at Stanford University. In 1974, the Philippine Association of University Women recognized her with their Achievement Award in Natural Science. She received the National Scientist Award in 1987.
Dr. Luz Oliveros-Belardo extracted 33 new Philippine essential oils from native plants and studied their chemical and physical properties. Her first research was on the chemical and pharmacological properties of Tanglad Tagalog (Cymbopogon ciratus) and found that its chemicals, such as potassium citrate that is an effective diuretic compound capable of resisting increased blood pressure. She was one of the first Southeast Asians that conducted studies on Chichirica (Vinca rosea) leaves and found that it is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, sterols, fatty acids, and volatile oil.

## Personal life

Luz Oliveros married a dentist, Ricardo A. Belardo. They had two daughters. She died in 1999, aged 93 years. Her remains were buried at Libingan ng mga Bayani in Taguig.
# Lynn Creek Shelter

The Lynn Creek Shelter, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 3BV19, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Van Buren County, Arkansas. Set on a bluff of the eastern Ozark Mountains, the site includes evidence of human habitation from about 8000 BCE to the historic contact period. The site has been disturbed by unauthorized activities.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Lyria bondarevi

Lyria bondarevi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 91.8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Mascarenes.
# Lysiosquilla

Lysiosquilla is a genus of mantis shrimp of the family Lysiosquillidae, containing these species:
* Lysiosquilla campechiensis Manning, 1962
* Lysiosquilla capensis Hansen, 1895
* Lysiosquilla colemani Ahyong, 2001
* Lysiosquilla hoevenii (Herklots, 1851)
* Lysiosquilla isos Ahyong, 2004
* Lysiosquilla manningi Boyko, 2000
* Lysiosquilla monodi Manning, 1977
* Lysiosquilla panamica Manning, 1971
* Lysiosquilla scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818)
* Lysiosquilla sulcirostris Kemp, 1913
* Lysiosquilla suthersi Ahyong, 2001
* Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata Holthuis, 1941
# Lygodactylus baptistai

Lygodactylus baptistai is a species of gecko endemic to Angola.
# M109 (disambiguation)

M109 is a self-propelled 155 mm howitzer.
M109 may also refer tto:

## Military

* HMS Bangor (M109), a Sandown-class minehunter
* Messerschmitt Bf 109, a German World War 2 fighter aircraft
* M109 shop van, a variant of a M35 2½ ton cargo truck

## Other uses

* M-109 highway (Michigan), a state highway in Michigan, US
* Messier 109 (M109), a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
* Suzuki Boulevard M109R, a motorcycle
# Løken

Løken is a village in the municipality of Aurskog-Høland, Norway. Its population is 1,539.
# M9 motorway

M9 motorway may refer to:
* Baltic Highway, a highway in Russia
* M9 motorway (Ireland), a motorway in Ireland
* M9 motorway (Scotland), a motorway in Scotland
* Super Highway, a motorway in Pakistan
# MDEA

MDEA may refer to:
* Methyl diethanolamine (N-methyl-diethanolamine), CH$_3$N(C$_2$H$_4$OH)$_2$, a chemical used for amine gas treating, also known as gas sweetening or acid gas removal, the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gasses in the petrochemical industry
* Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine), C$_{12}$H$_{17}$NO$_2$, an analog of the drug MDMA
# MES Kalladi College

MES Kalladi College, is an arts and science college located in Mannarkkad, Palakkad district, Kerala. It was established in the year 1967. The college is affiliated with Calicut University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Lócs

Lócs is a village in Vas county, Hungary.
# Lóegaire Birn Búadach

Lóegaire Birn Búadach (pronunciation) (fl. 1st or 2nd century AD) was the second king of Osraige after the death of his father, Óengus Osrithe. His epithet "Búadach" means "Victorious". His name became the appellation of his later descendants the Dál Birn who ruled Osraige until the Norman Invasion of Ireland, and even remained landed gentry in Upper Ossory until the death of Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown in 1937.
He is not to be confused with Lóegaire Búadach from the Ulster Cycle legends.
# M. K. Kunjol

M. K. Kunjol is Indian social worker from Kerala who was awarded Padma Shri Award by President of India for social service in 2020. They staged protests demanding the transfer of a police officer for 382 days in the 1970s. He was also honored with the Ambedkar Award in 2001.
# M.K. Somashekar

M. K. Somashekar is a politician from Karnataka state. He is a leader of Indian National Congress . He was elected twice as MLA from Krishnaraja Constituency.

## Political career

He won twice as MLA from Krishnaraja constituency in 2004 and 2013. But in 2018 elections he was defeated by S.A. Ramadas of Bharatiya Janata party.
# MS Princess Danae

The MS Princess Danae was a cruise liner. The ship was designed by Harland & Wolff as a freighter in Belfast built and ran in 1954 as Port Melbourne, a fast cargo liner for Port Line's UK-Australia express service. She was planned to be rebuilt as a car ferry, the Therisos Express, but instead became the cruise ship Danae. In later years, she was named Starlight Express, Baltica, and then Princess Danae.
From 1994 until 2012, the ship was operated by Classic International Cruises as the Princess Danae. In late summer of 2012, the ship was detained in Dublin, Ireland for the non-payment of a fuel bill. Early in 2013, she was bought by the recently created Portuguese cruise company Portuscale Cruises and renamed Lisboa. She was scrapped at Aliağa on 24 July 2015.
Her sister ship was the Princess Daphne, built as Port Sydney.
# MacEachainn

MacEachainn is a masculine surname in Scottish Gaelic. The name translates into English as "son of Eachann". The feminine form of the name is NicEachainn, which translates to "daughter of the son of Eachann". These surnames originated as a patronyms. However, they no longer refer to the actual name of the bearer's father or grandfather. There are numerous Anglicised forms of MacEachainn.

## Etymology

The Scottish Gaelic MacEachainn translates into English as "son of Eachann". The surname originated as a patronym. However, it no longer refers to the actual name of the bearer's father. The name Eachann is composed of two elements. The first element, each, translates to "horse". The second element, donn, has been translated two different ways: one translation attributed to this element is "brown"; the other translation is "lord".

## Feminine form

MacEachainn is a masculine surname. The form of this surname for females is NicEachainn. The feminine name translates into English as "daughter of the son of Eachann. Like the masculine form, this surname no longer refers to the actually name of the bearer's grandfather.

## Anglicised forms

Some of the Anglicised forms of MacEachainn are MacEachen, McEachen, and MacEachin, McEachin.
# MacDuff v JCI

MacDuff & Co Ltd (in Liquidation) v Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Co Ltd is the leading case in South African contract law on the issue of fictional fulfilment of suspensive conditions.

## Facts

The case involved two companies: Johannesburg Consolidated Investment (JCI) was a minority shareholder in Macduff & Co. JCI had entered into a contract with Macduff whereby the latter would undergo voluntary liquidation. Macduff agreed that, once liquidated, it would transfer all its assets into a newly founded company under the auspices and supervision of JCI. In the agreement was a suspensive condition which permitted liquidation only if the shareholders of Macduff agreed to it.
At the time of contracting, this was a promising deal for JCI. When market conditions changed, however, it was no longer of much economic benefit. JCI accordingly bought up shares in Macduff, until it was the majority shareholder, and then voted against liquidation, deliberately obstructing the possibility of the occurrence of the suspensive condition in the contract.

## Judgment

The Appellate Division ruled that such obstruction was unlawful, and therefore that there was fictional fulfillment of the suspensive condition. JCI was thus held liable for breach of contract.
# Maas–Hoffman model

The Maas–Hoffman model is a mathematical tool to characterize the relation between crop production and soil salinity. It describes the crop response by a broken line of which the first part is horizontal and the second is sloping downward. The breakpoint (Pb) or threshold is also called tolerance because up to that point the yield is unaffected by the salinity, so the salt is tolerated, while at greater salinity values the crops are affected negatively and the yield goes down.

## Mathematics

Mathematically the two lines are represented by the equations:
    $\left\{{\begin{array}{l}Y=C,&X<P_{\rm {b}}\\Y=AX+B,&X>P_{\rm {b}}\end{array}}\right.$
where Y is the crop production or yield, C is the maximum yield, X is the soil salinity, A is the slope (regression coefficient) of the descending line, and B is the regression constant of that line.
In the example of the figure: C = 1.2, A = —0.10, P$_b$ = 7.0
The value of P$_b$ is to be found by regression analysis and optimization so that the goodness of fit of the data to the model is maximum.
The Maas–Hoffman model is used in crop tolerance to seawater.

## Inverted model

For growth factors, like the depth of the watertable, that affect crop production negatively at low values while there is no effect at high values, the inverted Maas–Hoffman model can be used.
# Macrochenus melanospilus

Macrochenus melanospilus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1906. It is known from Malaysia and Borneo.
# MacWorks XL

MacWorks XL is an Apple Lisa computer program which shipped with the Macintosh XL. It allows 64K Apple Macintosh ROM emulation so the Macintosh XL can run classic Mac OS programs.

## History

Soon after the debut of the Macintosh, which sold over 50,000 units in the first 100 days compared to only a few thousand Lisas during its entire first year, it became clear to Apple that the Lisa (then Lisa 2/10) would benefit from the ability to run the Macintosh system software as well as reduce the development platform resources required to maintain two separate operating systems.
In April 1984, Apple introduced MacWorks v1.0 for the Lisa. Essentially it allowed the Lisa to run a Macintosh environment from a floppy disk, but did not support a hard disk environment. By the fall, Apple had introduced versions 2.0 & 3.0 which allowed MacWorks to run from the Lisa's internal Widget or attached ProFile hard disk. With the introduction of the re-branded Macintosh XL in January 1985, MacWorks was likewise renamed for the release.

## Features

MacWorks XL shipped on two diskettes. The first booted the Lisa into the Mac OS bootloader. When that process completed, the system displayed an entirely white screen, ejected the first disk, and displayed the usual blinking question mark (with a Macintosh XL graphic below it) to indicate that a boot volume (the second disk) was needed. With this disk, titled the "MacWorks XL System Disk", the Lisa would boot Macintosh System 5.
When the Lisa was discontinued, Sun Remarketing continued development of the MacWorks environment under license up to the release of MacWorks Plus 1.1 (which supports System Software 6). Dafax Processing Corp. with the assistance of Query Engineering, Inc. then further developed the environment to MacWorks Plus II which will support up to System 7.5 along with all other late model Motorola 68000-based Macs.

## Timeline of Macintosh operating systems

* Timeline of Mac operating systems vte
# Mabang

Mabang is a town in the Ahafo-Ano District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.
# Macrocalcara undina

Macrocalcara undina is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Zimbabwe.
The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are whitish, thinly speckled with fuscous. The hindwings are whitish grey.
# Madissaare Nature Reserve

Madissaare Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Pärnu County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 101 ha.
The protected area was founded in 2007 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Rabavere and Tarva village (both in former Koonga Parish).
# Madrigal (ensemble)

The Ensemble Madrigal (Moscow) is an early music group. It was formed in 1965 by the Russian composer and harpsichord player Andrey Volkonsky to perform Russian and Western sacred music of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Baroque eras.
Its members were featured soloists of the Moscow State Philharmonic Society. In the intervening years, the 12-member group has expanded its repertoire to include a broad range of sacred and secular vocal and instrumental works of the 16th-18th centuries from across Europe. After the emigration of Andrey Volkonsky to the West, the ensemble was directed by the organist Oleg Yanchenko, and since 1993 by the singer Lydia Davydova.
As the name suggests, the ensemble specializes in madrigals and other secular genres of Renaissance and Baroque. The group has recorded more than 30 vinyl disks and has given more than 4000 performances in Russia, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Hungary, Poland, and elsewhere. The Ensemble Madrigal enjoys a permanent relationship with the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall in Moscow.

## Reviews

"The hype was not justified; it was exceeded! The concert of the Ensemble Madrigal, 'Music of the Castilian Kings', struck the public at the overcrowded Church of St. Joseph both by the choice of repertory and the quality of the performance. The vocalists were excellent, as were the instrumentalists - all brought together by the artistic director of the ensemble, Lydia Davydova; together, they created a miracle. Truly, the fantastic concert of the Ensemble Madrigal demonstrated a high level of skill and gives honour to Russian music and art." (La Verdata, Spain)
# Macrodontia

Macrodontia may refer to:
* Macrodontia (tooth), a tooth disorder where the teeth are larger than normal
* Macrodontia (beetle), a genus of beetles
# Macrodontia cervicornis

Macrodontia cervicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), also known as the sabertooth longhorn beetle, is one of the largest beetles, if one allows for the enormous mandibles of the males, from which it derives both of the names in its binomen: Macrodontia means "long tooth", and cervicornis means "deer antler". Measurements of insect length normally exclude legs, jaws, or horns, but if jaws are included, the longest known specimen of M. cervicornis is 17.7 cm; the longest known specimen of Dynastes hercules, a beetle species with enormous horns, is 17.5 cm, and the longest known beetle excluding either jaws or horns is Titanus giganteus, at 16.7 cm.
Most of this species’ life is spent in the larval stage, which can last up to 10 years, while its adult phase is likely to last no more than a few months during which time dispersal and reproduction take place. The female lays eggs under the bark of dead or dying softwood trees, and once hatched, the larvae burrow into the rotting wood, creating extensive galleries over a metre long and 10 cm wide.

## Distribution

This species is known from the rain forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, the Guianas, and Brazil.