# List of massacres in the Italian Social Republic

This is a list of notable massacres in the Italian Social Republic. German troops in Italy often massacred civilians in retaliation for partisan activity.
To a lesser extent, war crimes were committed by the National Republican Army (fascist Italian army), usually against Italian partisans, such as at the Salussola massacre, where 20 partisans were executed. Partisans, in retaliation, sometimes also massacred captured Fascist soldiers, like at the Rovetta massacre.

## List of massacres

A list of massacres of either more than 100 victims or international notability:
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
| Lake Maggiore massacres | September & October 1943 | Lago Maggiore | 56 | 1st SS Panzer Division | Murder of 56 predominantly Italian Jews despite strict German orders not to carry out any violence against civilians, also noted for the controversial court case in West Germany in the late 1960s. |
| Boves massacre | 19 September 1943 | Boves | 23 | 1st SS Panzer Division | Massacre of 23 civilians in retaliation of the capture of two German soldiers despite the two having been freed in exchange for the promise that no reprisal against civilians would be carried out. Sometimes incorrectly referred to as the first German massacre in Italy during the war. |
| Caiazzo massacre | 13 October 1943 | Caiazzo | 22 | 3rd Panzergrenadier Division | Massacre of 22 civilians, noted for its brutality and the controversial court case involving the main perpetrator 50 years later. |
| Pisino massacre | 14 October 1943 | Pazin (now part of Croatia) | 157 | 1st SS Panzer Division | Anti-partisan operations with aircraft, tanks and ground forces. |
| Pietransieri massacre [it] | 21 November 1943 | Pietransieri | 125 | 1st Parachute Division | Mass killing of civilians with explosives after the inhabitants of Pietransieri had refused the order to leave the area and remained in the vicinity of the village. |
| Monchio, Susano and Costrignano massacre [it] | 18 March 1944 | Palagano | 130 | 1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring | Anti-partisan operation in response to increased partisan activity in the area. German troops and their Fascist Italian allies burn villages and indiscriminately execute the male population. |
| Ardeatine massacre | 24 March 1944 | Rome | 335 | Schutzstaffel | Reprisal for a partisan attack conducted on the previous day in central Rome against the SS Police Regiment Bozen (SD-Gestapo led by Herbert Kappler). |
| Operation Ginny II massacre | 26 March 1944 | Ameglia | 15 | 135th (Fortress) Brigade of the Wehrmacht | Execution of 15 captured American saboteurs under Hitler's Commando Order. The Americans were in proper uniform and their execution was in violation of established international law. The execution was carried out on the order of General Anton Dostler. His adjutant Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten refused to sign the execution order and was dismissed for insubordination. After the war, Dostler was tried at Nuremberg for war crimes, found guilty, and executed. |
| Fragheto massacre | 7–8 April 1944 | near Casteldelci | 53 | Sturmbattaillon OB Sudwest of the 356th Infantry Division and the Venezia-Giulia Battalion of the National Republican Guard | After partisans belonging to the Eighth Garibaldi Brigade ambushed troops approaching the hamlet of Fragheto on 7 April, soldiers of the Sturmbattaillon OB Sudwest conducted house-to-house searches and summarily killed 30 civilians and 15 partisans. Many of the civilians were elderly people, women, or children. A further seven partisans and one civilian were shot the next day. |
| Vallucciole massacre | 13 April 1944 | Stia | 107 | 1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring | In response to increased partisan activity in the area German troops and their Fascist Italian allies execute a policy of scorched earth by burning villages, raping women and indiscriminately executing civilians to discourage resistance. |
| Lipa massacre | 30 April 1944 | Matulji (now part of Croatia) | 269 | SS Volunteer Karstwehr Battalion | Mass killing of civilians by German occupation troops |
| Civitella in Val di Chiana massacre [it] | 29 June 1944 | Civitella in Val di Chiana | 146 | 1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring | Anti-partisan operation in retaliation to the killing of German soldiers, where all men in the affected villages were indiscriminately rounded up and executed while the women and children were allowed to leave, except in the village of Cornia, where the original partisan attack took place and women and children are executed as well. |
| Cavriglia massacre [it] | 4 July 1944 | Cavriglia | 173 | 1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring | Anti-partisan operation where all men in the affected villages were indiscriminately rounded up and executed while the women and children were allowed to leave. |
| Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre | 12 August 1944 | Sant'Anna di Stazzema | 560 | 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division36th Brigata Nera | Mass killing of civilians by German occupation troops and Italian collaborators (16th Brigade) |
| San Terenzo Monti massacre | 17–19 August 1944 | Fivizzano | 159 | 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division | Anti-partisan operation in retaliation to the killing of 16 German soldiers. Execution of captured partisans and destruction of local villages and execution of the inhabitants. |
| Padule di Fucecchio massacre | 23 August 1944 | Padule di Fucecchio | 184 | 26th Panzer Division | Up to 184 Italian civilians as a reprisal for a partisan attack on two German soldiers |
| Vinca massacre | 24–27 August 1944 | Fivizzano | 162 | 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division | Anti-partisan operation in retaliation to the killing of a German officer. Destruction of local villages and execution of the inhabitants, mostly women, children and elderly who had been unable to escape. |
| San Leonardo al Frigido massacre | 16 September 1944 | Massa | 149 | 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division | Unprovoked mass execution of prison inmates, most of them serving time for minor offences. |
| Marzabotto massacre | 29 September 1944 | Marzabotto | 770 | 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division | Mass killing of civilians by German occupation troops |
| San Martino di Lupari massacre | 29 April 1945 | San Martino di Lupari | 125 | 29th Panzergrenadier Division | Retreating north in the Province of Padua, under attack by the US Army and Italian partisans, the division randomly executed civilians, took hostages and used them as human shields. |