OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Verblunsky

Samuel Verblunsky (22 June 1906, London - 1996, Belfast) was a British mathematician who introduced Verblunsky's theorem and Verblunsky coefficients. His early work on orthogonal polynomials and harmonic functions was neglected for many years, until publicized by Barry Simon.

## Career

Verblunsky's entered Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1924 having won a scholarship to study mathematics. His teachers at Cambridge included G H Hardy and J E Littlewood, while fellow students included Donald Coxeter and Raymond Paley. He got his PhD at Cambridge in 1930 under John Littlewood, and spend the rest of the 1930s at the University of Manchester. He then worked for three decades at Queen's University Belfast, where he rose to the rank of dean.

## Publications

* 1935 On positive harmonic functions. A contribution to the algebra of Fourier series Oxford Journals: Science & Mathematics: Proceedings London Mathematical Society, Vol s2-38, Issue 1, pp. 125–157.
* 1936 On positive harmonic functions (second paper) Oxford Journals: Science & Mathematics: Proceedings London Mathematical Society, Vol s2-40, Issue 1, pp. 290–320
* 1939 An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, Oxford University Press, 1939, MR 0000655
# Şəhriyar, Masally

Şəhriyar (also, Shagriyar) is a village in the Masally Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Əminli.
# Stempfferia uniformis

Stempfferia uniformis, the Ikoyi epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria and possibly Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests.
# Richard J. Bolles

Richard Johnson Bolles (August 1, 1843 – March 25, 1917) was one of Florida's many early land salesmen. He was also one of the first to market the land in small tracts to would be future residents.
Born on August 1, 1843, in 1908 he purchased 500,000 acres (2,000 km$^2$) of undeveloped land from the state of Florida at the price of two dollars an acre. He went on to sell this land, sight unseen to unknowing non-residents. His salesmanship was ultimately a scam and, in 1911, those who were caught up in it brought suit against him. Later in 1913, he was indicted but was acquitted. Bolles died on March 25, 1917, at the age of 73.

## Sources

* Up for Grabs, John Rothchild, 1985
# Szany

Szany is a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary.
* Aerial photography of Szany
# Johann Gottfried Burman Becker

Johann Gottfried Burman Becker (26 April 1802 – 6 October 1880) was a Danish pharmacist, historical writer and collector and illustrator.

## Early life

Becker was born in Copenhagen, the son of court pharmacist Gottfried Becker (1767–1845) and Nicolette A. Burman (1774–1824). On 1 March 1825, he was granted royal permission to assume the family name Burman Becker. In 1822, he passed the preliminary exams in philology and philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. He was trained as a pharmacist in his father's Royal Court Pharmacy while at the same time attending lectures by F. G. Howitz, H. C. Ørsted, W. C. Zeise and J. W. Hornemann. In 1825, he passed the pharmaceutical exam. He then went on a longer journey abroad to continue his education, visiting Germany, Switzerland, France and England.

## Career

On his return to Copenhagen in 1828, he began working his father's pharmacy. He also wrote a guide to lecturing in chemical analysis (1829). His dissertation Analysis duorum fossilium earned him a doctoral degree from the University of Jena. Becker succeeded his father as court pharmacist in 1843. In 1844, he was a co-founder of the Danish Association of Pharmacists. In 1845, he sold the pharmacy to focus on his other interests.

## Historical interests

Becker spent the rest of his life engaging in the study of a wide range of historical subjects. His publications included Efterretninger om de gamle Borge i Danmark og Hertugdømmerne I-III (1830–32) and Forsøg til en Beskrivelse af og Efterretning om vævede Tapeter og andre mærkelige Vægdecorationer i Danmark (1863, 2nd edition 1878).

## Personal life

In the Garrison Church on 24 November 1830, Becker married Anna Margaretha Baden (1809–1832), daughter of professor Torkel Baden (1765–1849) and Sophie P. Olrik (1771–1840). After her early death, Becker married her sister Jacobe Baden (1810–1874) on 8 November 1835 in the Garrison Church. He owned Kollekolle at Farum from 1847 until 1860. He died on 6 October 1880 and is buried at the Garrison Cemetery in Copenhagen.
# Phalaenophana extremalis

Phalaenophana extremalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1912. It is found in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico.
# Kurdistan Airlines

Kurdistan Airlines A.K.A Kurdish Airlines was an airline based in the United Arab Emirates.

## History

The first flight of Kurdistan Airlines (Commercial Office of Kurdistan Region Iraq (L.L.C)) landed in Erbil,Kurdistan Region, Iraq on July 21, 2005, at 10:30 am (0630 GMT) carrying 46 Iraqi businessmen from Dubai, UAE.
The establishment of Kurdistan Airlines was announced by a press release on 2 August 2005 by the Commercial Office of Kurdistan Region Iraq in Dubai, UAE.
On 7 August 2005 Dnata Agencies was appointed General Sales Agent (GSA) for Kurdistan Airlines in the Persian Gulf region.
The first Kurdistan Airlines revenue flight, flying from Frankfurt to Erbil arrived at Erbil airport at 6:30 a.m on September 20, 2005, with 40 passengers on board.
On July 14, 2006, it was reported that a Kurdistan Airlines aircraft was stranded in Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut, Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War.
As of 2010, the airline had no aircraft and thus is now inactive.

## Headquarters

The company's headquarters were located at Warba Centre in Dubai, UAEDubai Chamber of Commerce & Industry

## Fleet

As of December 2010, Kurdistan Airlines had formerly owned one Boeing 737-200 aircraft, however it has since been re-registered with Imperial Jet, effectively rendering the airline inactive.
# Kastriot Peqini

Kastriot Sabri Peqini (born 19 February 1974) is a retired Albanian professional football who played for KF Elbasani in Albania and Birkirkara FC in Malta.
He became the second youngest player to play for the Albania national team when he made his debut on 29 January 1992 at the age of 17 years and 343 days old, just 12 days older than the youngest ever player Blendi Nallbani.

## International career

He made his debut for Albania in a January 1992 friendly match against Greece and earned a total of 11 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a June 1993 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Denmark.

### National team statistics

Albania national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1992 | 6 | 0 |
| 1993 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 11 | 0 |

## Personal life

He is the son of former Albania international and Dinamo Tirana legend Sabri Peqini. His own son, Jurgen Peqini, is also a professional footballer.
# Samuel Hubbard Shoe Company

The Samuel Hubbard Shoe Company is an American footwear brand founded in 2013 by Bruce R. Katz. A co-founder of the Rockport Shoe Company, Katz founded Samuel Hubbard in Mill Valley, CA to develop premium footwear.

## History

The origins of the Samuel Hubbard Shoe company date back to the 1930s when Samuel J. Katz established the Hubbard Shoe Company in Rochester, NH. The company grew to more than 500 employees during the height of World War II, when it manufactured boots for the armed services. By the end of the war, government orders had slowed significantly and Samuel’s son Saul Katz joined the company to help his father rebuild.
The Hubbard Shoe Company prospered through the 1950s and 1960s, partly due to new government contracts to make ski and parachute boots during the Korean conflict. However, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, overseas manufacturing became cheaper and more readily available. Unable to compete, New England shoe factories began to dwindle and by 1973, the Hubbard Shoe Company was forced to close its doors.
In 1971, Saul Katz used $15,000 to start the Rockport Shoe Company with his son Bruce. The company embraced the concept of overseas manufacturing and pioneered the idea of the comfort shoe. Revenue grew to almost $100 million in sales before acquisition by Reebok in 1986.
When his stockpile of 24 pairs of Rockports began to run out, Katz wondered where his next pairs of shoes would come from. This, combined with the passing of his father Saul Katz in 2012 and concern that his eight year old daughter would never know the family’s shoemaking history, convinced Bruce to return to the shoe industry. The Samuel Hubbard company was founded in July 2013, the name commemorating the family legacy with the first part “Samuel” named after Bruce’s grandfather, and the second part “Hubbard” reflective of his grandfather’s company, Hubbard Shoe Co.

## Products and manufacturing

Samuel Hubbard is best known for the "Unsneaker", a casual and dress shoe hybrid that resembles a dress shoe on the outside, but feels like a sneaker on the inside. The company produces several dozen styles including casual shoes, dress shoes and slip-ons. In 2018, golf shoes and boat shoes were introduced.
Uppers and insoles are made from European-sourced leathers, while most models use Vibram outsoles. Manufacturing is performed in Portugal, a result of Katz’s industry connections and knowledge from his Rockport days. Shoes are sold through the company’s website, major retailers like Nordstrom and Dillards, and more than 500 independent shoe retailers across the United States.

## In popular culture

Samuel Hubbard shoes have been worn by Ultramarathoner Dean Karnazes and were worn by Danny Glover in the film The Old Man & the Gun. They’ve also been worn by singer Peter Gabriel, celebrity chef Brian Malarkey and former president Bill Clinton.

## Philanthropy

The company has sponsored the Marin Humane Society and frequently features dogs in its catalogs. For every shoe sold in the Freedom collection, $20 is donated to the News Literacy Project
# Yangthang Rinpoche

Yangthang Rinpoche or Kyabje Domang Yangthang Rinpoche (Tib. མདོ་མང་གཡང་ཐང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།, Wyl. mdo mang g.yang thang rin po che) or Kunzang Jigmed Dechen Ösal Dorje (Tibetan calendar: 16th Rabjyung, Sa abrul, 10th of 11th month-17th Rabjyung, Me sprel, 14th of 8th month) (1930–2016) was a renowned Nyingma teacher from the region of Yangthang who was associated with Domang Monastery, a branch of Palyul in Eastern Tibet.
Yangthang Rinpoche was a lineage holder of the Nyingthig Yabshi, which combines all the major Dzogchen schools. However, he was most well known for deliberately staying in Tibet after its takeover by China in order to teach in the prisons. He lived for 22 years in Chinese prisons, teaching both the Tibetan prisoners and the Chinese guards. He was released following the death of Mao Zedong.
After his release under Deng Xiaoping's reforms, Yangthang Rinpoche traveled throughout Europe, Asia, and the US, to give teachings and esoteric transmissions. During his 2013 visit, his story inspired officials in Montgomery County, Maryland, to officially name April 23 "Yangthang Tulku Day." He died in Hyderabad in 2016. His life and activities are recounted in the documentary film, Domang Yangthang by Rayonner Films.
# Stephen Walsh (money manager)

Stephen Walsh (born 1944) is an American former money manager who pleaded guilty to securities fraud.
Walsh and his business partner Paul Greenwood were arrested on February 24, 2009 for alleged securities fraud of between $550 million and $670 million. Walsh was a principal of Westridge Capital Management Inc. and chief financial executive of WG Trading Company, based in Greenwich, Connecticut. They were charged with scheming to defraud investors of $554 million. The scheme, which lasted from 1996 to 2009, defrauded investors, and involved unauthorized investments and the reporting of "arbitrary return rates" to investors that failed to account for losses. The scheme collapsed following the 2007–2008 financial crisis and a National Futures Association audit that revealed promissory notes used by Greenwood and Walsh to account for losses and withdrawals. From 1991 to 2003, Walsh held a minority stake in the New York Islanders hockey team. Walsh lived in Sands Point on Long Island.
In April 2014, Walsh pleaded guilty in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York with securities fraud, admitting false statements made to his firm's investors. After Judge Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum indicated that she was considering whether to impose a maximum 20-year prison sentence, Walsh considered withdrawing his guilty plea, but ultimately chose not to do so. Later in 2014, Cedarbaum sentenced Walsh to 20 years; Cedarbaum, who had earlier suffered a stroke, mistakenly believed that investors had not been made whole for their losses. On May 8, 2019, Judge Loretta Preska reduced Walsh's sentence by 15 years, granting him immediate release, based on her finding that Walsh had received ineffective assistance of counsel.
# Southern Anthropological Society

The Southern Anthropological Society (SAS) is an organization in the United States. It publishes a journal titled Southern Anthropologist and issues a newsletter. It awards a James Mooney Award (James Mooney) and Zora Neal Hurston Award (Zora Neal Hurston). The Mooney Award recognizes the best among books about southern anthropological matters.
The group was established in 1966. It holds an annual meeting. William E. Carter was involved in the group.
Robbie Ethridge and Dickson D. Bruce are among recipients of the Mooney award.
# Syllitus cylindricus

Syllitus cylindricus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Germain in 1899.
# John Burke (1900s pitcher)

John Patrick Burke (January 27, 1877 – August 4, 1950) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball. He went to St. Bonaventure University and played for the New York Giants in 1902.
# Phallodriloides macmasterae

Phallodriloides macmasterae is a species of invertebrate in the Naididae family. It is endemic to Bermuda, where it was discovered in 1986. Three specimens were found in Prospero's Cave, a limestone cave near Castle Harbor in Hamilton Parish, Bermuda. The species was added to the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species in 1996, but due to the uncertainty of actual distribution of this species, it is now listed as data deficient.
# Kurdistan Beit-ol-Moqaddas Corps

Kurdistan Beit-ol-Moqaddas Corps is a military unit under Basij and IRGC. Their headquarters is located in Sanandaj, and they are the largest and in charge of controlling all IRGC Corps and Basij units in Kurdistan province.

## Background

The history of the formation of this unit goes back to 1984 and was formed alongside the 662 Jerusalem Brigade during the Iran-Iraq war. This unit participated in Nasr 1, Karbala 1, Karbala 4 and Karbala 5, Wal-Fajr 8, Wal-Fajr 9 and Wal-Fajr 10 operations as a combat unit. After the integration of the IRGC and Basij ground force units, then the formation of provincial corps was established.
The biggest sub-units which are a part of this unit are the 22nd Jerusalem Army, Sanandaj Army, Saqqez Army, Marivan Army and Baneh Army, all of which’s members are ethnic Kurds. Currently, Brigadier General Sadegh Hosseini is the commander of this unit.

## Activities

In February 2019, the corps had about 6,000 projects to help the people of Kurdistan province who were suffering from poverty. They have been involved in many clashes with the KDPI. In 1996, the KDPI agreed to stop all of its military activities in Iran. In 2018, a new wave of clashes sparked between the KDPI and the corps, causing the deaths of 20 Corps members and 11 KDPI rebels. In September 2018, the corps claimed responsibility for a missile strike against the headquarters of the KDP in Iraq. The strike reportedly killed 15 people and wounded 50.
The Kurdistan Beit-ol-Moqaddas Corps have also served as a counterterrorist group which fights back against Sunni extremism which has held a significant ground among the Kurds there. Their leader has stated that "the people of Kurdistan are committed Muslims and they hate the Takfiri groups", referring to the Islamic State and others.
The IRGC, using a sizable budget, fund dozens of military, cultural, social, and sporting events, in every Iranian province. Of which, the Kurdistan Beit-ol-Moqaddas Corps and the Kermanshah Nebi Akram Corps are the two that include the Kurdish language and Kurdish clothing in their events.
# Karst lake

Karst lakes are formed as the result of a collapse of caves, especially in water-soluble rocks such as limestone, gypsum and dolomite. This process is known as karstification. They can cover areas of several hundred square kilometres. Their shallow lakebed is usually an insoluble layer of sediment so that water is impounded, leading to the formation of lakes. Many karst lakes only exist periodically, but return regularly after heavy rainfall.

## Distribution

Karst lakes are found in the area around the Harz Mountains of Germany (e. g. the Juessee and the Bauerngraben in the South Harz Karst Landscape Biosphere Reserve, an episodic karst lake on the Karst Trail), in South Germany (e.g. the Eichener See), in France in the region of Quercy, in Estonia the Tudre and the region of Salajõe, in Slovenia (e. g. the Cerkniško jezero), in Montenegro and Albania (e.g., Lake Skadar), in Ireland the so-called turloughs (there is also a turlough in Wales: Pant-y-llyn near Llandeilo), some in the United States and also in Italy (Andalo lake). Even the cenotes in the north of the Mexican peninsula of Yucatán, which were known by the Mayans, may be classed as karst lakes. In Croatia there are group of connected lakes called Baćinska jezera, close to Bosnia and Herzegovina where both temporary and permanent karstic lakes regular phenomenon in poljes, such as Mostarsko Blato, Livanjsko, Fatničko, and Glamočko Polje with seasonal lakes forming in springtime, while permanent lakes are dependent on karst wellsprings, such as lakes of Hutovo Blato.
* The Cenote Sagrado near Chichen Itza is one of the best known karst lakes in Yucatán
* The Otjikoto Lake in Namibia is a permanent karst lake
# San Carlos River (Falkland Islands)

San Carlos River is one of the larger rivers on East Falkland, in the Falkland Islands. It flows westwards, into San Carlos Water, near Port San Carlos. It begins in the Wickham Heights, with tributaries running off Jack's Mountain
# Yazi Plain

Yazi plain is a plain located between Bazarchay and Hakari rivers in Gubadli district of Azerbaijan. Animal husbandry, wheat, tobacco and grape cultivation were widespread in the area before the Armenian occupation.

## About

The tomb of Javanshir dating back to the 14 th century is located on the Yazi plain.

### Toponymy

The name of “Yazı düzü” is derived from the combination of the ancient Turkish word "yazi" meaning "desert, wide plain" and the Azerbaijani word "düz" meaning plain. In the territory of Azerbaijan, toponyms with "Yazi" particles are more common. For example: Aghyazi, Garayazi, Agcayazi and others.

### Geography

The Yazi plain, which is on the South-eastern end of the Karabakh plateau, descends to 450 m and passes into the sloping and undulating Inja plain. It is triangular in shape. Its length is 30–35 km. It is composed of volcanic-proluvial sediments of the Upper Pliocene. It has a mild warm climate with dry winters. Brown mountain-forest soils are common. There is a xerophytic montane shrubland and dry steppe landscape. Before the Karabakh conflict, animal husbandry was developed, grain, tobacco and grapes were grown.
# The Queen of Hardships

The Queen of Hardships (sometimes credited as Queen of Hardships) is the 13th studio album by cantopop singer Prudence Liew. This album marks the first Cantonese language studio album release from Liew in 15 years since her 1994 release of 夜有所思，日有所夢 Thoughts in the Night, Dreams During the Day and the first studio album release in 9 years. Her previous studio album was the mandopop album, 愛自己 Love Yourself released in Taiwan in 2000.

## Release
### Album

The album was released on October 22, 2009, in Hong Kong. Universal Music Hong Kong promoted the album with an offer of tickets to Liew's mini-concert with pre-orders of the album.
The album also comes with a bonus DVD with three music videos.
Upon its release, the album topped the Asian Sales Chart at HMV, the largest record retailer in Hong Kong. It also peaked at number three in the HMV Overall Sales Chart, behind Madonna's compilation album Celebration and Michael Bublé's Crazy Love.
Due to the commercial success of the album, Universal Music announced the issue of a second edition of the album with an additional bonus DVD of Liew's 劉美君蝙蝠之夜音樂會 (The Night of Bats Mini-Concert) held on October 31, 2009. The second edition triple album was released on December 31, 2009.

### Singles

The lead single, 蝙蝠 (Bat), was released to radio stations on August 22, 2009. It has since reached number 1 on the RTHK Top 20 chart and number 2 on Metro Showbiz's Top 20 countdown chart. On October 13, 2009, the official music video debut was featured on Universal Music Hong Kong's channel for YouTube.
The second single released to radio was 雪泥 (Slush) on October 11, 2009. Since then it has hit the top 10 in the countdown charts of all three major radio stations in Hong Kong.

## Track listing
### 1st edition

CD
* 雪泥 (Slush)
* 洋蔥 (Onion)
* 也好 (Better Off)
* 寧願怎樣 (Matter of Choice)
* 蝙蝠 (Bat)
* 一代艷星 (Legendary Sexy Star)
* 我喝香水大 (I Grew Up Drinking Perfume)
* Baby You're The One
* Mr. A. Ho
* 色香味 (Sensations of Love)
Bonus DVD
* 雪泥 (Slush) Music Video
* 蝙蝠 (Bat) Music Video
* Baby You're The One Music Video

### 2nd edition

Includes the above CD and DVD plus the following DVD. 2nd Bonus DVD: The Night of Bats Mini-Concert 2009
* 雪泥 (Slush)
* 我喝香水大 (I Grew Up Drinking Perfume)
* Mr. A. Ho
* 大開眼戒 (Opening the Taboos of Vision) with Keeva Mak
* Baby You're The One
* 不可能說的夢 (The Dream That Cannot Be Spoken Of)
* 事前 (Beforehand)
* 自甘墮落 (Self-Deserving Demise)
* 浮花 (The Floating Flower)
* 也好 (Better Off)
* 寧願怎樣 (Matter of Choice)
* 大開色界 (Opening the Sexual Boundaries)
* 蝙蝠 (Bat)

## Chart positions
### Album

| Chart | Peak position |
| HMV Hong Kong Overall Sales Chart | 3 |
| HMV Hong Kong Asian Sales Chart | 1 |

### Singles (Radio airplay)

| Song title | Release date | 903 | RTHK | 997 |
| 蝙蝠 (Bat) | 08/22/2009 | 10 | 1 | 2 |
| 雪泥 (Slush) | 10/11/2009 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released to that station. |||||