# Sulfate carbonate

The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.
They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.
In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na$_2$SO$_4$•Na$_2$CO$_3$ is stable as a solid solution. Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na$_2$SO$_4$ can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.

## Minerals

| name | formula | system | space group | unit cell | volume Å$^3$ | density | optical |
| Brianyoungite | Zn$_{12}$(CO$_3$)$_3$(SO$_4$)(OH)$_{16}$ | Monoclinic | P2$_1$/m | a = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90° | 533.8 | 4.09 | Biaxial n$_α$ = 1.635 n$_β$ = 1.650 |
| Burkeite | Na$_6$(CO$_3$)(SO$_4$)$_2$ | orthorhombic | | a = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16 | 335.04 | 2.57 | Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.448 n$_β$ = 1.489 n$_γ$ = 1.493 2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32° Max birefringence: δ = 0.045 |
| Caledonite | Pb$_5$Cu$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$(CO$_3$)(OH)$_6$ | Orthorhombic | Pmn2$_1$ | a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56 | 941.7 | 5.77 | Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.818(3) n$_β$ = 1.866(3) n$_γ$ = 1.909(3) 2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84° Max birefringence: δ = 0.091 bluish green |
| Carraraite | Ca$_3$(SO$_4$)[Ge(OH)$_6$](CO$_3$) · 12H$_2$O | hexagonal | P6$_3$/m? | a = 11.056 c = 10.629 | 1125.17 | | Uniaxial (+) n$_ω$ = 1.479(1) n$_ε$ = 1.509(1) Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 |
| Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu$_4$Al$_2$(CO$_3$,SO$_4$)(OH)$_{12}$ · 2H$_2$O | Orthorhombic | | | | | Biaxial (+) n$_α$ = 1.616 n$_β$ = 1.630 n$_γ$ = 1.677 2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60° Max birefringence: δ = 0.061 pale blue |
| Claraite | (Cu,Zn)$_{15}$(AsO$_4$)$_2$(CO$_3$)$_4$(SO$_4$)(OH)$_{14}$·7H$_2$O | triclinic | P1 | a = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818° | 1800.9 | | |
| Ferrotychite | Na$_6$(Fe,Mn,Mg)$_2$(CO$_3$)$_4$(SO$_4$) | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.962 | 2,721.7 | 2.79 | Isotropic n = 1.550 |
| Hanksite | Na$_{22}$K(SO$_4$)$_9$(CO$_3$)$_2$Cl | hexagonal | P 6$_3$/m | a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 | 2024.1 | 2.562 | Uniaxial (-) n$_ω$ = 1.481 n$_ε$ = 1.461 Max birefringence: δ = 0.020 |
| Hauckite | Fe$^{3+}$$_3$(Mg,Mn$^{2+}$)$_{24}$Zn$_{18}$(SO$_4$)$_4$(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_{81}$ | hexagonal | P6/mmm | a = 9.17 c = 30.21 | 2200 | 3.02 | Uniaxial (+) n$_ω$ = 1.630 n$_ε$ = 1.638 Max birefringence: δ = 0.008 |
| Jouravskite | Ca$_3$Mn$^{4+}$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)(OH)$_6$ · 12H$_2$O | Hexagonal | P6$_3$ | a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=3 | 1128.02 | | Uniaxial (-) n$_ω$ = 1.556 n$_ε$ = 1.540 Max birefringence: δ = 0.016 |
| Korkinoite | Ca$_4$(SO$_4$)$_2$(CO$_3$)$_2$ · 9H$_2$O | Orthorhombic | Pmmm | | | | Biaxial (+) |
| Latiumite | (Ca,K)$_4$(Si,Al)$_5$O$_{11}$(SO$_4$,CO$_3$) | Monoclinic | | a = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å β = 106° | 636.6 | | Biaxial (+/-) n$_α$ = 1.600 - 1.603 n$_β$ = 1.606 - 1.609 n$_γ$ = 1.614 - 1.615 2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88° Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014 |
| Leadhillite | Pb$_4$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$ | Monoclinic | P2$_1$/b | a = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59 β = 90.46° | 2198 | 6.55 | Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.870 n$_β$ = 2.009 n$_γ$ = 2.010 2V: 10° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140 |
| Macphersonite | Pb$_4$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$ | Orthorhombic | | a = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.242 | 2211.8 | | Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.870 n$_β$ = 2.000 n$_γ$ = 2.010 2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140 |
| Manganotychite | Na$_6$(Mn,Fe,Mg)$_2$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_4$ | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.9951 | 2,741.12 | 2.7 | n = 1.544 pink |
| Mineevite-Y | Na$_{25}$BaY$_2$(SO$_4$)$_{11}$(HCO$_3$)$_4$(CO$_3$)$_2$F$_2$Cl | Hexagonal | P6$_3$/m | a = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=2 | 2489.6 | | Uniaxial (-) n$_ω$ = 1.536 n$_ε$ = 1.510 Max birefringence: δ = 0.026 pale green |
| Nakauriite | Cu$_8$(SO$_4$)$_4$(CO$_3$)(OH)$_6$•48H$_2$O | orthorhombic | | a = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.22 | 2,712.5 | 2.39 | blue Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.585 n$_β$ = 1.604 n$_γ$ = 1.612 2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64° Max birefringence: δ = 0.027 |
| Nasledovite | PbMn$_3$Al$_4$(CO$_3$)$_4$(SO$_4$)O$_5$ · 5H$_2$O | | | | | 3.069 | Biaxial |
| Paraotwayite | Ni(OH)$_{2-x}$(SO$_4$,CO$_3$)$_{0.5x}$ | monoclinic | | a = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1° | 318 | 3.30 | Biaxial n$_α$ = 1.655 n$_γ$ = 1.705 Max birefringence: δ = 0.050 emerald-green |
| Philolithite | Pb$_{12}$Mn$^{2+}$(Mg,Mn$^{2+}$)$_2$(Mn$^{2+}$,Mg)$_4$(CO$_3$)$_4$(SO$_4$)O$_6$(OH)$_{12}$Cl$_4$ | Tetragonal | | a = 12.627 c = 12.595 | 2008.2 | | Biaxial (+) n$_α$ = 1.920 n$_β$ = 1.940 n$_γ$ = 1.950 Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 apple green |
| Putnisite | SrCa$_4$Cr$_8$$^{3+}$(CO$_3$)$_8$(SO$_4$)(OH)$_{16}$·25 H$_2$O | Orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 4 | 5727.3 | | Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599 Max birefringence: δ =0.047 violet |
| Pyroaurite | Mg$_6$Fe$_2$(SO$_4$,CO$_3$)(OH)$_{16}$·4H$_2$O | Trigonal | R3_m | a = 3.1094 c = 23.4117 | 196.03 | 2.1 | Uniaxial (-) n$_ω$ = 1.564 n$_ε$ = 1.543 Max birefringence: δ = 0.021 |
| Pyroaurite | Mg$_6$Fe$_2$(SO$_4$,CO$_3$)(OH)$_{16}$·4H$_2$O | Hexagonal | P6$_3$/mmc | a = 3.113 c = 15.61 | 131.01 | | |
| Rapidcreekite | Ca$_2$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)•4H$_2$O | orthorhombic | | a = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.15 | 1827.15 | | Biaxial (+) n$_α$ = 1.516 n$_β$ = 1.518 n$_γ$ = 1.531 2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44° Max birefringence: δ = 0.015 |
| Schröckingerite | NaCa$_3$(UO$_2$)(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_3$F•10(H$_2$O) | triclinic | P1 | a = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391 α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)° | | | Biaxial (-) n$_α$ = 1.495 n$_β$ = 1.543 n$_γ$ = 1.544 Max birefringence: δ = 0.049 |
| Susannite | Pb$_4$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$ | trigonal | P3 | a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3 | 824.62 | 6.52 | clear |
| Tatarskite | Ca$_6$Mg$_2$(SO$_4$)$_2$(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_4$Cl$_4$•7H$_2$O | Orthorhombic | | | | 2.341 | n$_α$ = 1.567(2) n$_β$ = 1.654(2) n$_γ$ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83 |
| Thaumasite | Ca$_3$(SO$_4$)[Si(OH)$_6$](CO$_3$) · 12H$_2$O | hexagonal | P6$_3$ | a = 11.030 c = 10.396 | 1095.3 | | Uniaxial (-) n$_ω$ = 1.507 n$_ε$ = 1.468 Max birefringence: δ = 0.039 |
| Tychite | Na$_6$Mg$_2$(SO$_4$)(CO$_3$)$_4$ | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.9038 Z=8 | 2687.82 | 2.456 | isotropic |
| Alloriite | Na$_{19}$K$_6$Ca$_5$[Al$_{22}$Si$_{26}$O$_{96}$](SO$_4$)$_5$Cl(CO$_3$)$_x$(H$_2$O) | trigonal | P3$_1$c | a = 12.892 c = 21.340 | | | |
| Potassium-Schröckingerite | KCa$_3$(UO$_2$)(CO$_3$)$_3$(SO$_4$)F•10H$_2$O | triclinic | | | | | Yellow |

## Artificial

| name | formula | formula weight | crystal system | space group | unit cell | volume | density | refractive index | comment | CAS |
| | Na$_4$CO$_3$SO$_4$ | | Hexagonal | P3m1 | a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=1 | | 2.538 | uniaxial (-) n=~1.45 | | |
| | Mg$_4$(OH)2(CO$_3$)$_2$SO$_4$·6H$_2$O | | | | | | | | | |
| LDH-SO$_4$-CO$_3$ | Mg$_6$Al$_2$SO$_4$CO$_3$(OH)$_{14}$·4H$_2$O | | | P3m | a=3.070 c=22.3 | | | | layered | |
| | Co$_6$Al$_2$SO$_4$CO$_3$(OH)$_{14}$·4H$_2$O | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cu$_6$Al$_2$SO$_4$CO$_3$(OH)$_{14}$·4H$_2$O | | | | | | | | | |
| Complexes ||||||||||||
| Tetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate | [Co(NH$_3$)$_4$CO$_3$]$_2$SO$_4$·3H$_2$O | | Monoclinic | P2$_1$/c | a=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=4 | 1849 | 1.88 | | dark red | |
| μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate | [Co(NH$_3$)$_5$]$_2$CO$_3$SO$_4$·4H$_2$O | | | | | | | | dark red | 49731-04-6 |
| μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate | [(NH$_3$)$_3$Co(μ-OH)$_2$(μ-CO$_3$)Co(NH$_3$)$_3$]SO$_4$ . 5H$_2$O | 500.21 | Triclinic | | a= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496 | 861.1 | 1.929 | | dark red | 75476-69-6 |