OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sweet spot (acoustics)

The sweet spot is a term used by audiophiles and recording engineers to describe the focal point between two speakers, where an individual is fully capable of hearing the stereo audio mix the way it was intended to be heard by the mixer. The sweet spot is the location which creates an equilateral triangle together with the stereo loudspeakers, the stereo triangle. In the case of surround sound, this is the focal point between four or more speakers, i.e., the location at which all wave fronts arrive simultaneously. In international recommendations the sweet spot is referred to as reference listening point.
Different static methods exist to broaden the area of the sweet spot. A discussion of methods and their benefits can be found in Merchel et al. By means of such methods more than one listener can enjoy the sound experience as intended by the audio engineer, including the desired phantom source locations, spectral and spatial balance and degree of immersion. Alternatively, the sweet spot can be adjusted dynamically to the actual position of the listener. Therefore, a correct phantom source localization is possible over the whole listening area. This approach is implemented in the open source project SweetSpotter. Massive multi-channel audio systems that apply wave field synthesis or higher order ambisonics exhibit an extended optimal listening area instead of a sweet spot.
Sound engineers also refer to the sweet spot of any noise-producing body that may be captured with a microphone. Every individual instrument has its own sweet spot, the perfect location to place the microphone or microphones, in order to obtain the best sound.
# SaltCreek Casino

SaltCreek Casino, located in Pocasset, Oklahoma, is the first casino to open in Grady County, Oklahoma. It is the 18th casino owned and operated by the Chickasaw Nation. The casino held a ribbon cutting ceremony on December 18, 2012 and officially opened its doors on December 31, 2012. The 36,000 sq ft (3,300 m$^2$) casino, features 600 different gaming stations, as well as four table games - three Blackjack tables and one for Ultimate Texas Hold’em. At SaltCreek Casino there is one restaurant and one bar. The Brook Bar located in the center of the casino, seats 16,and serves an assortment of beer, wine and liquor. The Fork Café serves home-style food such as chicken fried steak, hamburgers and blue-plate specials. The casino's gift shop, Reflections, also sells Bedré Fine Chocolate, which is also tribally owned.
# Neal Sonnett

Neal Sonnett is a former Assistant U.S. Attorney.
Sonnett was the 1989 winner of the Robert C. Heeney Memorial Award and in 2008 the American Bar Association Senior Lawyers Division presented him with the John H. Pickering Award Of Achievement. He was the American Bar Association observer at Guantanamo.
# Makeshift Love

"Makeshift Love" is a 2015 song from Good Charlotte's sixth studio album Youth Authority. The single was the first song by Good Charlotte after their return from a four-year hiatus. "Makeshift Love" was also the band's first ever song to reach the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart.

## Background

After the release of their fifth studio album Cardiology, Good Charlotte announced in August 2011 that they would be going on hiatus. During this hiatus, Benji Madden and Joel Madden formed the band The Madden Brothers. They released a mixtape Before – Volume One in October 2011 and a 2014 studio album Greetings from California. In 2015, Good Charlotte decided to end their hiatus after co-producing albums with Sleeping with Sirens and 5 Seconds of Summer. When "Makeshift Love" was released in November 2015, it was the first single by Good Charlotte in four years since their hiatus.

## Composition

Benji Madden said "Makeshift Love" was "a ‘non-break-up break-up song’" that had similar themes with their previous tracks.

## Release

On November 3, 2015, Good Charlotte released a snippet of "Makeshift Love". A few days later, "Makeshift Love" was released as a single on November 5 with a follow-up lyric video on November 6.

## Charts

"Makeshift Love" became Good Charlotte's first ever song to appear on the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart. On Billboard, the song debuted at #30.

## Reception

Much Music said the song sounded like previous Good Charlotte music from the 2000s.

## Music video

A preview music video was for "Makeshift Love" was made available on November 9, 2015, with a following full version uploaded on November 13. In the video, the band work at a breakup app company and features guest appearances by Waterparks, John Feldmann and Mikey Way.
# Passos no Escuro

Passos no Escuro (Portuguese for "Footsteps in the Dark") is an extended play by the Brazilian rock band Zero. It came out in 1985 by EMI.
The EP was a massive commercial success, to the point of receiving a Gold Certification by Pro-Música Brasil, and spawned the hit singles "Formosa" and "Agora Eu Sei"; the latter counted with a guest appearance by RPM vocalist Paulo Ricardo on backing vocals. Music videos would also be made for those tracks.

## Personnel

* Guilherme Isnard – vocals, alto sax (on tracks 1, 2 and 4), photography, cover art
* Eduardo Amarante – guitars
* Athos Costa – drums
* Ricardo "Rick" Villas-Boas – bass
* Alfred "Freddy" Haiat – keyboard
* Paulo Ricardo – backing vocals (on track 2)
* Maurício Valladares – production
* José Celso – mixing
# Margaret Graham (broadcaster)

Margaret Graham MBE (5 June 1889 – 25 January 1966) was an Australian kindergarten teacher and radio presenter known for voicing the radio program Kindergarten of the Air.

## Early years and education

Born to Scottish parents Maggie MacKeddie and John Graham in Ballarat, Victoria, Margaret was the fourth of six children. The family moved to Western Australia and settled in Leederville in 1893. Margaret attended the Kindergarten Training College in West Perth, graduating in 1916.

## Kindergarten of the Air

In 1942 the kindergartens in Perth and Fremantle were forced to close under threat of Japanese air raids. Members of the Kindergarten Union of Western Australia, led by Catherine King, proposed a daily radio program aimed at kindergarten children to Conrad Charlton, State manager of the Australian Broadcasting Commission.
The program was accepted and named Kindergarten of the Air on 19 February 1942, and a series of trials were held to find a presenter. Graham was chosen after two other kindergarten teachers had auditioned.
Her first program was broadcast live on 23 February 1942, with a pianist and two children in the studio. The program began at 9.30am and ran for 20 minutes. It was unscripted and included participation from the children present in the live audience. Each session could include songs, a story, exercise routines, health instruction and hints for making toys. Piano accompaniment was provided by Jean McKinlay.

## Influence

The Western Australian Kindergarten of the Air became the model for the rest of the country, with other states following its format and style for their own programs. In 1943 the ABC centralised the program in Sydney, but the time difference between the states meant that Graham's program retained its individuality and popularity.

## Later life and death

The popularity of the program gave Graham the chance to speak in other forums about children's education and behaviour. She spoke on Catherine King's program, the ABC Women's Session, and on the Children's Book Week 'Storytime' program in 1949.
In 1956, she was made a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE).
Graham continued as the sole voice of the Kindergarten of the Air until her health forced her to retire in 1960. She died in 1966, after suffering a stroke, and was cremated in Mount Lawley, Western Australia.
# Janne Seurujärvi

Janne Antero Seurujärvi (born 15 May 1975 in Inari, Finland) is a Finnish Sami politician. He was the first Sami ever to be elected to the Finnish Parliament. Seurujärvi represents the Finnish Centre Party (Keskusta). Seurujärvi was a member of the Finnish Parliament from 2007 to 2011. Seurujärvi is the CEO of Saariselkä ltd., one of the biggest holiday resorts in Finnish Lapland.
# Megasternini

Megasternini is a tribe of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae. There are at least 70 described species in Megasternini.

## Genera

* Agna Smetana, 1978
* Cercyon Leach, 1817
* Cryptopleurum Mulsant, 1844
* Cycrillum Knisch, 1921
* Deltostethus Sharp, 1882
* Megasternum Mulsant, 1844
* Oosternum Sharp, 1882
* Paraoosternum Scott, 1913
* Pelosoma Mulsant, 1844
* Tectosternum Balfour-Browne, 1958
# Salvia palifolia

Salvia palifolia is a decumbent perennial herb native to Colombia and western Venezuela, growing in grassland, cloud forest clearings, streamsides, and rocky outcrops from 1,600 to 3,500 m (5,200 to 11,500 ft) elevation. The 3 to 4 cm (1.2 to 1.6 in) long green leaves are hastate or cordate; the blue flowers are 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) long.
# Nebularia multiplicata

Nebularia multiplicata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Description

Shell size 25 mm.

## Distribution

Christmas Island, Australia.
# Malauzat

Malauzat (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
# Mineral Mound State Park

Mineral Mound State Park is a park located on the shores of Lake Barkley in Lyon County, Kentucky, United States. The 541-acre (219 ha) park contains an 18-hole golf course with clubhouse, a boat ramp, fishing pier, and picnicking area. Mineral Mound is named after the mansion of Willis B. Machen, which formerly stood on the property.
# Pat Moylan (Offaly hurler)

Pat Moylan is an Irish former hurler who played as a right wing-back at senior level for the Offaly county team.
Born in Banagher, County Offaly, Moylan first played competitive hurling in his youth. He made his senior debut with Offaly during the 1966-67 National League and immediately became a regular member of the team. During his brief career he experienced little success.
At club level Moylan is a two-time Leinster medallist with St Rynagh's. He also won numerous championship medals with the club.
His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1973 championship.

## Honours
### St Rynagh's

* Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship (2): 1970, 1972
# Val Rhymin

Val Rhymin is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appeared in the award-winning series, Runaways. He was created by author Terry Moore and artist Humberto Ramos, and debuted in Runaways (vol. 3) #1 (August 2008), at the start of the series' third volume. Val first appeared as a worker in a radio station. Although he played a minor role in Runaways's "Dead Wrong" story arc, Val was the main villain in the following story arc, "Rock Zombies".

## Fictional character biography

When the Runaways return to Los Angeles, Nico Minoru asks Chase Stein to find a job. When they head to a shopping mall, Chase tries to bag a radio station job with Val Rhymin, his idol. Meanwhile, Val argues with his manager, saying his manager doesn't let him have any freedom. Curiously, it is now when Val's boss has his seizure, and falls over the mall balcony to the floor below. Before he hits, Klara Prast saves him by making the mall plant life break his fall.
In Rock Zombies Val works with Monk Theppie - treasurer of the California Witchcraft Community - to mix magic spell chanting into a new song. After testing the song on an employee - Lydia - Val broadcasts the song on the radio, transforming everyone who had plastic surgery in L.A. into zombies. Val then orders the zombies to pillage the city and meet back at the Hollywood Bowl. However the Runaways stop his plot with Nico binding Val with a spell. Molly then reverts the zombies back to normal by playing the song backwards.
# Japanese destroyer Makigumo

Three naval vessels of Japan have been named Makigumo (巻雲), meaning "Cirrus Clouds" (Rolling Clouds).
* Japanese destroyer Makigumo (1905) was a Shikinami-class destroyer in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Originally, she was a Kazarsky-class torpedo cruiser Vsadnik of the Imperial Russian Navy.
* Japanese destroyer Makigumo (1941) was a Yūgumo-class destroyer in the Imperial Japanese Navy. She was completed in 1942, scuttled in 1943, and struck in 1943.
* JDS Makigumo (DD-114) was a Yamagumo-class destroyer in the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. She was launched in 1967 and decommissioned in 1995.
# Melissa Boyle Mahle

Melissa Boyle Mahle is a writer and former Central Intelligence Agency officer.

## Background

She graduated from University of California, Berkeley and went on to acquire fluency in Arabic.
Asked how she became a spy, Mahle told a group of high school students in 2017 that she had never entertained having a career in intelligence work until, one day, while living in the Middle East and working as an archaeologist, she realized that she didn't "want to spend the rest of [her] life in a ditch." She returned to the United States to pursue "a graduate degree in modern political economy, and ... was spotted by a CIA recuiter."

## Covert career

Mahle worked as a CIA "field officer" (spy) for the CIA from the mid-1980s until 2002 in the Middle East. She was involved in US intelligence operations in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa, including the oversight of operations against al-Qaeda and networks involved in the sale of weapons of mass destruction. Her service spanned the presidencies of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and to the beginning of George W. Bush.

### Awards and honors

Mahle has received multiple awards from the CIA for exceptional intelligence work performance and her efforts to recruit agents. She was also given a Presidential Letter of Appreciation for her contributions to the Middle East peace process.

## Public career

Since leaving the CIA, Mahle has worked as a commentator, movie consultant, author, and publisher.
In 2004, after leaving the CIA, Mahle published Denial and Deception, in which she criticized in detail the CIA as rudderless and adrift in a post-Cold War world up to 9/11. She also described the challenges of being a married woman field agent (in a covert career that overlapped with Valerie Plame).
She appeared as a guest on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart in 2005. For the documentary Secrecy in 2008, which opened at the Sundance Film Festival, she featured in and advised filmmakers Peter Galison and Robb Moss on practices within the Intelligence Community. For the film Salt (2010), she advised actors Angelina Jolie, Liev Schreiber, and Chiwetel Ejiofor on their as well as director Phillip Noyce on script and visuals. For the film Hanna (2011), she advised actress Cate Blanchett on her role and director Joe Wright on script.
She often speaks at the International Spy Museum, particularly youth programs.
She co-founded Spy Girls Press with Kathryn Dennis.

## Selected works

* Denial and Deception: An Insider’s View of the CIA from Iran-Contra to 9/11 (The Nation Press, 2004)
* Lost in Petra - Anatolia Steppe Mystery, Book 1) (Spy Girls Press, 2012)
* Camp Secret - Junior Spies, Volume 1 (Spy Girls Press, 2013)
* Uncovered in Istanbul - Anatolia Steppe Mystery, Volume 2 (Spy Girls Press, 2014)
# Salvia patens

Salvia patens, the gentian sage or spreading sage, is a species of flowering plant in the sage family Lamiaceae that is native to a wide area of central Mexico. This herbaceous perennial was introduced into horticulture in 1838 and popularized a hundred years later by the Irish gardener and botanist William Robinson (1838-1935).

## Description

Salvia patens is tuberous, and easily lifted for overwintering in a greenhouse. The more common varieties reach 30–60 cm (12–24 in) tall and wide, and are covered with hastate shaped mistletoe-green leaves. Inflorescences reach 15 to 30 cm (5.9 to 11.8 in) or longer, rising well above the leaves. 2.6 cm (1.0 in) pure blue flowers are spaced along the inflorescence, with a 1.3 cm (0.51 in) green calyx that adds to the attractiveness of the flowers.
The Latin specific epithet patens means "spreading".

## Cultivation

Salvia patens is frequently treated as an annual by gardeners due to its sensitivity to hard frost, with bedding plants often put out in spring. Varieties have been developed with colors ranging from white to lilac to various shades of blue. Seeds from the Netherlands have been available since the 1990s for rich colored and large flowered varieties.
The species and its cultivar 'Cambridge Blue' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
William Robinson praised the species in the 1933 edition of The English Flower Garden as, "doubtless, the most brilliant in cultivation, being surpassed by and equalled by few other [garden] flowers." A collecting trip to Mexico in 1991 led by James Compton discovered a 1.8 m (5.9 ft) tall variety with large deep blue flowers that is available as 'Guanajuato'.
# Swan pit

A swan pit is a water-filled enclosure where swans were fattened and eventually killed for human consumption.

## History

From the medieval period swans were kept in ponds and were a source of income and made acceptable gifts. Selected wild cygnets had their wings clipped and bills cut into a distinctive pattern bearing the owner's mark.
An example of a swan pit can be found within the grounds of the Great Hospital, Norwich. The Grade II listed tidal pool was built in the 18th century and is fed with water from the adjacent River Wensum.
# Nechtan Morbet

Nechtan, son of Erip, was the king of the Picts from 456 to 480.
The king lists supply a number of epithets for Nechtan: Morbet and Celchamoth and the Latin Magnus (the Great). He is said to have reigned for twenty-four years. In a rare change from a bald statement of names and years, the king lists provide a tradition linking Nechtan to the foundation of Abernethy:
   "So Nectonius the Great, Wirp's son, the king of all the provinces of the Picts, offered to Saint Brigid, to the day of judgement, Abernethy, with its territories ... Now the cause of the offering was this. Nectonius, living in a life of exile, when his brother Drest expelled him to Ireland, begged Saint Brigid to beseech God for him. And she prayed for him and said: "If thou reach thy country, the Lord will have pity on thee. Thou shalt possess in peace the kingdom of the Picts."
A life of Saint Buíte of Monasterboice, after whom Monasterboice is named, claims that Buíte raised Nechtan from the dead, and associated him with Kirkbuddo in Strathmore.
It has been suggested that these traditions should be associated with a later Pictish king, with the very similar name of Nechtan nepos Uerb.
# Magnolia sieboldii

Magnolia sieboldii, or Siebold's magnolia, also known as Korean mountain magnolia and Oyama magnolia, is a species of Magnolia native to east Asia in China, Japan, and Korea. It is named after the German doctor Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866).

## Description

Magnolia sieboldii is a large deciduous shrub or small tree 5–10 m (16–33 ft) tall. The stalks, young leaves, young twigs and young buds are downy. The leaves are elliptical to ovate-oblong, 9–16 cm (rarely 25 cm) long and 4–10 cm (rarely 12 cm) broad, with a 1.5-4.5 cm petiole.
The flowers, unlike the spring flowering magnolias, open primarily in the early summer, but continue intermittently until late summer. They are pendulous, cup-shaped, 7–10 cm diameter, and have 6-12 tepals, the outer three smaller, the rest larger, and pure white; the carpels are greenish and the stamens reddish-purple or greenish-white.

### Subspecies

There are three subspecies:
* Magnolia sieboldii subsp. japonica. Japan. Low shrub; flowers with 6 tepals and greenish-white stamens.
* Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sieboldii. Japan, Korea, eastern China. Tree or large shrub; flowers with 9-12 tepals and reddish-purple stamens; leaves smaller, rarely over 16 cm.
* Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sinensis. Southwestern China (Sichuan); flowers as subsp. sieboldii; leaves larger, commonly to 22 cm.
* Flower bud
* Flower, male phase
* Flower
* Flower detail
* Immature fruit
* Nearly mature fruit

## Cultivation

Magnolia sieboldii is grown as an ornamental tree in gardens. It is one of the hardiest magnolias, successful in cultivation as far north as Arboretum Mustila in Finland. The cultivar 'Colossus' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Called mongnan or mokran (목란/木蘭), Siebold's magnolia is the national flower of North Korea.
# Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives

Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives (1972) is a book about plant nutrition by Emanuel Epstein.

## Reception

F. C. Steward, C. Bould, and Manuel Lerdau have reviewed the book.
# Patricia Steeg

Patricia Steeg is a cancer researcher working in the field of breast cancer metastasis, and was the first person to discover the NME1 gene, which spreads breast cancer to other parts of the body.

## Education

Steeg attended the University of Maryland, which is where she got her PhD in 1982.

## Career

Steeg had been the Deputy Chief of the Women’s Malignancies Branch since 2014 at the Center for Cancer Research as well as being the co-director of the Office of Translational Resources for the Center. Steeg was also a recipient of the Jane Coffin Child Memorial Fund for Medical Research Fellowship in the Laboratory of Departmental Biology and Anomalies, as well as the National Institute of Dental Research, and the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Cancer Institute. In 1992, Steeg was also given tenure at the Laboratory of Pathology.

## Research

Steeg discovered the NME1 gene by realizing that breast cancer was less likely to spread to other parts of the body in people who had this gene. When the NME1 gene is introduced in highly metastatic breast cancer line it decreased the potential for the cancer to spread anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. The NME1 gene reduces the likelihood of cancer spreading by producing a protein referred to as NME1 protein. This means that cancerous cells will lack this protein, so Steeg and her team synthesized a drug called nitidine analog that will locate cancerous cells and destroy them based on the amount of proteins the cell contains. This drug is less cancerous than chemotherapy, and has shown promise in working against melanoma, colon cancer, and small-cell lung cancer.
# Suzy Paine

Suzanne Helen Paine (10 March 1946 – 10 November 1985) was a British economist. She was lecturer at the University of Cambridge, UK and a Fellow of Clare and Girton colleges.
Her subject area was development economics, particularly in the countries of Turkey, Japan, India, and China. She supported economics to have a social purpose, along with rigorous analysis. She was a founder member of the editorial board of Cambridge Journal of Economics. Among her doctoral students was Abhijit Sen. Her work continued to be cited into the twenty-first century.
The Suzy Paine Fund was established in her memory to fund travel to Asia relevant to their studies for students in the subject area of political economy.

## Publications

She was the author or co-author of several books and articles, including:
* Adam Fforde and Suzanne H. Paine (1987) The Limits of National Liberation: Problems of Economic Management in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, with a Statistical Appendix Routledge, London pp 268 ISBN 9781003243717
* Suzanne Paine (1981) Spatial aspects of Chinese development: Issues, outcomes and policies 1949–79. The Journal of Development Studies volume 17 issue 2 pp. 133-195
* Suzanne Paine (1976) Balanced development: Maoist conception and Chinese practice. World Development volume 4 issue 4 pp. 277-304
* Suzanne H. Paine (1971) Wage Differentials in the Japanese Manufacturing Sector. Oxford Economic Papers New Series, volume 23, issue 2 pp. 212-238