OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Melquíades Álvarez (politician)

Melquíades Álvarez Gónzalez-Posada (17 May 1864 - 22 August 1936) was a Spanish Republican politician, founder and leader of the Reformist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Reformista), commonly known just as Reformist Party and President of the Congress of Deputies between 1922 and 1923.

## Biography

He studied Law at the University of Oviedo (Asturias) and collaborated with Asturian liberal newspapers. He was friend of the famous writer Clarín and he started working as a lawyer in Oviedo.
In 1898 he was elected to the Congress as Liberal candidate and was appointed Professor of Roman Law at the University of Oviedo. In 1899, he turned into Republican and in 1906 he was elected Republican congressman. He was one of the organizers of the Liberal Block in 1908 against the Conservative Prime Minister Antonio Maura and of the Republican-Socialist Conjunction in 1909. In 1912, he founded with Gumersindo de Azcárate and José Ortega y Gasset the Reformist Party and the League for the Spanish Political Education. In the 1914 elections, 11 Reformist congressmen were elected. It had also a great success in the municipal elections in Asturias. During the Second Republic he founded the Democratic Liberal Republican Party (Partido Republicano Liberal Democrático), but its electoral results were poor: two deputies in 1932 and ten in 1933, when they supported the right-wing government backed by the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA).
After the beginning of the Civil War, anarchist militias imprisoned and killed him in the Cárcel Modelo. Following the murder of Alvarez together with other political prisoners, President Azaña is said to have cried; Indalecio Prieto predicted the fall of the Republican government: "with this brutality we have lost the war."
Among the various efforts and commitments that Melquíades Álvarez developed or launched throughout his life, the creation in Asturias of athenæums and popular libraries can be highlighted, following the spirit and example proposed by different pedagogues to make "education available to workers". Melquiades has different named streets in Oviedo, Gijón, La Felguera, Madrid, Leganés and Tomelloso.
In the few decades up to 2021, over twenty books and academic studies were published about Álvarez's political life.
# List of best-selling singles and albums of 2010 in Ireland

This is a list of the best selling singles, albums and as according to IRMA. Further listings can be found here.

## Top-selling singles

* "When We Collide" – Matt Cardle
* "Under Pressure (Ice Ice Baby)" – Jedward featuring Vanilla Ice
* "Horse Outside" – Rubberbandits
* "Love the Way You Lie" – Eminem featuring Rihanna
* "Only Girl (In the World)" – Rihanna
* "Just the Way You Are" – Bruno Mars
* "Fireflies" – Owl City
* "Telephone" – Lady Gaga featuring Beyoncé
* "Firework" – Katy Perry
* "California Gurls" – Katy Perry featuring Snoop Dogg

## Top-selling albums

* Science & Faith – The Script
* Progress – Take That
* Crazy Love – Michael Bublé
* Loud - Rihanna
* The Fame/The Fame Monster – Lady Gaga
* Sigh No More – Mumford & Sons
* Sunny Side Up – Paolo Nutini
* Lungs – Florence & The Machine
* My World – Justin Bieber
* Glee: The Music, Volume 1 - Glee Cast
Notes:
* *Compilation albums are not included.
# San Francesco da Paola, Turin

San Francesco da Paola is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic church located on Via di Po in Turin, region of Piedmont, Italy.

## History

Construction of a church began in 1634 using designs of Pellegrino Pellegrini with the patronage of Christine Marie of France, Duchess of Savoy. It was built adjacent to a convent for monks of the Franciscan order. The church was frescoed both on the interior and exterior of the facade by Francesco Guatier of Saluzzo. The main altarpiece was painted by Tommaso Lorenzoni. In the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, there is a canvas by Sebastiano Taricco. The paintings of six apostles found in the choir, were painted by Bartolomeo Guidoboni. In the last century, the convent was converted into a school.
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre breaststroke SB8

The Men's 100 metre breaststroke SB8 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 14 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. No heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Final

17:30 14 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 4 | Oscar Salguero Galisteo | Spain | 1:11.11 |
| | 3 | Federico Morlacchi | Italy | 1:12.68 |
| | 5 | Andreas Onea | Austria | 1:14.44 |
| 4 | 7 | Dalton Herendeen | United States | 1:14.71 |
| 5 | 2 | Charles Rozoy | France | 1:15.13 |
| 6 | 6 | Xueming Zhao | China | 1:15.35 |
| 7 | 1 | Haijiao Xu | China | 1:27.56 |
# Nelson Díaz (umpire)

Nelson Díaz Blanco is a Cuban baseball umpire. He officiated in high level international tournaments, including the Summer Olympics, Pan American Games, and Baseball World Cup. Díaz defected from Cuba in 2009.

## Early life

Díaz was named for Rocky Nelson. Díaz's father, Placido, was arrested by the Government of Cuba in 1962 for conspiring against Fidel Castro. The family then moved from Havana to Güira de Melena.

## Career

A baseball player in his teens, Díaz was not skilled enough to play in the Cuban National Series. During his 20s, he took a 45-day course at Escuela Rafael De La Paz on umpiring.
Díaz served as an umpire in the Cuban National Series for 26 years, becoming its director of umpires. He officiated in several high-profile baseball competitions. His first major tournament was the 1991 Pan American Games. After calling a balk against the United States in a semifinal game against Puerto Rico, Díaz initiated a shoving match with United States manager Ron Polk, which led to increased stature within Cuban baseball. He also officiated in the 1999 and 2007 Pan American Games, the 1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series, the 2001 Baseball World Cup, the 2006 World Baseball Classic (WBC), and the 2008 Summer Olympics.
The Cuban government refused to allow him a visa to visit his mother, who lived in Miami, when she was dying of cancer in 2007. He informed his father, now free and living in the United States, of his intention to defect during the 2008 Olympics; when the Cuban Government found out, they barred him from participating in the 2009 WBC and forced him into retirement. As his father sponsored him in the United States, Diaz defected with his wife and two daughters, with permission from the Cuban Government. He has since umpired youth games in South Florida.
Díaz was honored as the "International Umpire of the World" by the International Baseball Federation in 1994.
# Mahatah

Mahatah is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia.
# Milking

Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of cattle, water buffalo, humans, goats, sheep, and, more rarely, camels, horses, and donkeys. Milking may be done by hand or by machine, and requires the animal to be currently or recently pregnant. The milker may refer either to the animal that produces the milk or the person who milks said animal.

## Hand milking

Hand milking is performed by massaging and pulling down on the teats of the udder, squirting the milk into a bucket. Two main methods are used:
* The top of the teat is pinched shut between finger and thumb, trapping milk in the lower part, which is then squeezed by the other fingers, squirting the milk out through the hole in the tip of the teat.
* The top of the teat is pinched shut by the fingers and thumb, which are then slid down the teat, pushing the milk towards the bottom.

## Machine milking

Most milking in the developed world is done using milking machines. Teat cups are attached to the cow's teats, and then the cups alternate between vacuum and normal air pressure to extract the milk. The milk is filtered and cooled before being added to a large bulk tank of milk for storage.
The average time of milking is 5–7 minutes and a cow can be milked with a machine 2–3 times a day.
The existing robotic milking has allowed cows to have the freedom to decide when to milk, but still needs to make contact with people.
A known side effect of machine milking is mastitis in cows. Non-sterile machines can introduce bacteria into the teat and cause infection. Another side effect is physical teat damage by the machine.

## Venom milking

The word "milking" is also used by extension to describe the removal of venom from snakes and spiders for the production of antivenom.
Spider venom milking can be done either by manual stimulation or with electrical stimulation. The former causes greater trauma to the spider and the latter produces venom of high quality.
# Patrick Johansson

Patrick Johansson may refer to:
* Patrick Johansson (historian) (born 1946), French-Mexican researcher
* Patrick Johansson (bandy) (born 1963), Swedish bandy player
# Jardim, Ceará

Jardim, Ceará is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# Melquíades Álvarez

Melquíades Álvarez may refer to:
* Melquíades Álvarez (politician) (1864–1936), Spanish Republican politician
* Melquíades Álvarez (swimmer) (born 1988), Spanish swimmer
# Samuel Parker House

Samuel Parker House may refer to:
* Samuel Parker House, Coventry, Connecticut, of Parker-Hutchinson Farm, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in Tolland County
* Samuel Parker House (Reading, Massachusetts), NRHP-listed, in Middlesex County
# Syllepte pilocrocialis

Syllepte pilocrocialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Strand in 1918. It is found in Taiwan.
# Neobisnius

Neobisnius is a genus of large rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are at least 20 described species in Neobisnius.

## Species

These 22 species belong to the genus Neobisnius:
* Neobisnius chengkouensis Zheng, 1994$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius formosae Cameron, 1949$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius gratus$^b$
* Neobisnius inornatus Sharp, 1889$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius jocosus$^b$
* Neobisnius jucundus (Horn, 1884)$^g$
* Neobisnius lathrobioides (Baudi, 1848)$^g$
* Neobisnius nigripes Bernhauer, 1941$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius occidentoides Frank, 1981$^{gb}$
* Neobisnius oculatus Fauvel, 1905$^g$
* Neobisnius orbus (Kiesenwetter, 1850)$^g$
* Neobisnius paederoides$^b$
* Neobisnius praelongus Gemminger & Harold, 1868$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius procerulus Gravenhorst, 1806$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius prolixus Erichson, 1840$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius protenus Schubert, 1906$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius pumilis Sharp, 1874$^{cg}$
* Neobisnius pumilus (Sharp)$^g$
* Neobisnius senilis (Horn, 1884)$^g$
* Neobisnius sobrinus (Erichson, 1840)$^{gb}$
* Neobisnius terminalis (LeConte, 1863)$^{gb}$
* Neobisnius villosulus (Stephens, 1833)$^g$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Mala Mlinska

Mala Mlinska is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 66.
# Ministry of social welfare

Ministry of Social Welfare may refer to:
* Ministry of Social Welfare (Argentina)
* Ministry of Social Welfare (Bangladesh)
* Ministry of Social Welfare (Denmark)
* Ministry of Social Welfare (Malaysia)
* Ministry of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Nigeria
* Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, Myanmar
* Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth (Albania)
# Paul Lloyd (boxer)

Paul "Livewire" Lloyd (born 7 December 1968 in Bebington, Wirral) is an English amateur bantamweight and professional bantam/super bantamweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s. Lloyd, as an amateur, won the 1990 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) bantamweight title against Michael Gibbons, Michael Alldis, Wilson Docherty, and Patrick Mullings (Harrow & District ABC).
Lloyd participated in the World Cup in Bombay, India, during November 1990, defeating Rico Maspaitela of Indonesia and losing to Enrique Carrión of Cuba. He participated in the trials for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Halle, Germany, defeating Shaun Anderson of Scotland and losing to Dieter Berg of Germany.
Lloyd won the gold medal at bantamweight at the 1992 Canada Cup in Ottawa, Canada, during May 1992, defeating Lorenzo Aragon Armenteros of Cuba, Mark Mercier of Canada, and Alexei Aztamohov of Russia. Boxing out of Vauxhall Motors ABC (Ellesmere Port), and as a professional, he won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Central Area super bantamweight title, BBBofC British bantamweight title, European Boxing Union (EBU) bantamweight title, and Commonwealth bantamweight title.
Lloyd was a challenger for the BBBofC British super bantamweight title against Richie Wenton, International Boxing Federation (IBF) bantamweight title against Tim Austin, World Boxing Organization (WBO) super bantamweight title against Marco Antonio Barrera, International Boxing Council bantamweight title against Johnny Bredahl, and International Boxing Organization bantamweight title against Noel Wilders.
# Margaret McLarty

Margaret Chalmers McLarty, known as Margaret McLarty, (1908–1996) was a medical illustrator for the anaesthetic department in Oxford University. In 1960 she published Illustrating Medicine and Surgery a seminal volume on medical illustration and a core text for medical illustrators. She provided illustrations for the first two editions of Anatomy for Anaesthetists written with Harold Ellis in 1963.
She was trained by Audrey Arnott with whom she founded the Medical Artists Association of Great Britain on 2 April 1949.
# Jason Barrett

Jason Barrett may refer to:
* Jason Barrett (actor) (born 1976), Jamaican-British actor and mixed martial artist
* Jason Barrett (West Virginia politician) (born 1982), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates
* Jason Barrett (Mississippi politician) (born 1978), member of the Mississippi State Senate
# Men's Pan American Cup

Men's Pan American Cup may refer to
* Men's Pan American Cup (field hockey)
* Men's Pan American Cup (volleyball)
# List of artists who have exhibited in Artomatic

Artomatic is a multi-week, multimedia arts ad hoc event held in the Greater Washington, D.C. area.
* F. Lennox Campello 2000
* Patricia Goslee 2002
* Frank Warren's PostSecret project began at Artomatic 2004
* Mark Jenkins 2004
* Michael Janis 2004
* Dana Ellyn 2004
* Amber Robles-Gordon 2007
* Robin Bell 2008
* Ric Garcia in 2008, 2009 and 2012
* Joan Belmar 2009
* Nicolas F. Shi 2009
* Tim Tate 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2012
* Erwin Timmers 2012
* Nate Lewis 2012
* Anne Cherubim 2015
* Sandra Perez-Ramos 2016
* Diane Tuckman 2016
# San Francisco Chapulapa

San Francisco Chapulapa is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 19.14 km$^2$ (7 sq mi). It is part of Cuicatlán District in the north of the Cañada Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 1,968.
# Syllepte placophaea

Syllepte placophaea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
# Neonympha

Neonympha is a Nearctic and Neotropical genus of satyrid butterflies.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Neonympha areolatus (Smith, 1797)
* Neonympha helicta (Hübner, [1808])
* Neonympha mitchellii French, 1889
* "Neonympha" lupita (Reakirt, [1867])

## Former species

Neonympha nerita (Capronnier, 1881) is a synonym of Paryphthimoides poltys.
# Minersville, Ohio

Minersville is an unincorporated community in Chester Township, Meigs County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.
# Paul Liégeois

Paul Liégeois (fl. 1650–1670) was a French still-life painter, active in Paris. He was probably of Flemish origin, as suggested by his name.

## Life and work

The details of his life remain very poorly known. He seems to have been relatively successful and his works were acquired by many amateur art collectors. The famous painter, Philippe de Champaigne is known to have made positive comments about his work and he was a friend of the noted miniaturist and engraver, Jacques Bailly [fr]. According to surviving records, he also received commissions from the rural minor nobility.
His work marks a transitional phase from the realistic still lifes that dominated the first half of the 17th Century (represented by Louise Moillon, Lubin Baugin, Jacques Linard and François Garnier [fr]), and the generation that came to maturity during the reign of King Louis XIV (such as Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer and Jean-Baptiste Belin), who favored more theatrical, detailed and decorative compositions.
He excelled in the representation of fruit, especially peaches and grapes, whose textures he faithfully rendered. Unlike his contemporaries, he eschewed obviously symmetrical compositions; favoring a disorderly effect with textural contrasts that made the arrangements look spontaneous. His dark palette and emphasis on blues bring to mind the work of another still-life painter, Dutch Golden Age artist Willem van Aelst, who was active in Paris at the same time.
His works may be seen at the Louvre, Musée des beaux-arts de Chambéry and the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen. Many are in private collections.

## Sources

* Michel Faré, Le Grand Siècle de la Nature-morte en France, Office Du Livre, 1974, p. 74 ISBN 978-2-85109-012-6
* Claudia Salvi, D'après nature : la nature-morte en France au XVIIe siècle, éd. Renaissance du livre, 2000 ISBN 978-2-8046-0408-0
# Margaret McMurray

Margaret McMurray (died 1760) appears to have been one of the last native speakers of a Lowland dialect of Scottish Gaelic in the Galloway variety.
In The Scotsman of 18 November 1951 appeared the following letter, which had originally been printed in the Daily Review in 1876:
   Sir-I send this in corroboration of the fact that Gaelic was to some extent spoken in Ayrshire in the early part of last century. My grand-aunt, Jean McMurray, who died in 1836 at the age of 87, informed me that Margaret McMurray, the representative of the elder branch of the McMurrays of Cultezron, near Maybole, and who died at a very advanced age about the year 1760, was long talked about as having been the last Gaelic-speaking native of Carrick.
   Cultezron is situated about 30 miles north of Glenapp, and seven or eight miles south of Ayr. Cultezron was possessed by several generations of McMurrays, and its name is purely Celtic Cul Tigh Eobhain, (sic) signifying the 'back of Ewan's house'.
   -I am etc. D. Murray-Lyon Ayr, October 31, 1876
Cultezron (not to be confused with nearby Culzean) is a small farm on the outskirts of the town of Maybole in South Ayrshire. It appears that Margaret's family had been in possession of it for at least 150 years prior to this, as one 'John McMurray' is in legal records at that time. It is also notable that McMurray's descendants, dropped the 'Mc' from the name, suggesting anglicisation. Despite their similar appearance, the names 'McMurray' and 'Murray' come from separate origins, the former being related to the Murphys and Morrows in Ireland and the Murchisons in the Scottish Highlands, and the latter's origin being de Moray (of Moray).
The farm is now titled Cultezeon Farm, just west of Maybole.
The scholar William Laughton Lorimer discussed McMurray briefly in Scottish Gaelic studies.
# Japanese submarine chaser Cha-217

Cha-217 or No. 217 (Japanese: 第二百十七號驅潜特務艇) was a No.1-class auxiliary submarine chaser of the Imperial Japanese Navy that served during World War II.

## History

She was laid down on 26 April 1944 at the Shimizu shipyard of Miho Shipyard Co. Ltd. (株式會社三保造船所) and launched later in the year. She was completed and commissioned on 6 December 1944, fitted with armaments at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, and assigned to the Yokosuka Defense Unit, Yokosuka Naval District. In March 1945, Capatain Masakichi Inoue was appointed as commanding officer and she was assigned to the Shimonoseki Defense Force, 7th Fleet.
She mostly conducted patrol and minesweeping duties in and around the Kanmon Straits and the Tsushima Strait. Cha-217 survived the war and was decommissioned on 15 September 1945.
On 1 December 1945, she was demobilized and enrolled as a minesweeper by the occupation forces. On 28 August 1947, she was released to the Ministry of Transportation. On 1 May 1948, she was assigned to the Japan Maritime Safety Agency, a sub-agency of the Ministry of Transportation, and designated on 20 August 1948 as patrol boat 07 (PB-07) with the name Tsugumi (つぐみ). On 1 July 1949, she was re-designated patrol ship 7 (PS-07) using the same name Tsugumi. On 1 May 1954, she was transferred to the newly created Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and designated as Tsugumi (PB-127). She was delisted on 16 January 1961.
# Melchior River

The Melchior River is a river of the Federal District in central Brazil.
# List of bitcoin organizations

This is a list of nonprofit organizations with notable activities related to bitcoin.
| Organization | Founded | Headquarters | Activities |
| Bitcoin Foundation | 2012 | US – Washington, D.C. | Advocacy |
| BitGive Foundation | 2013 | US – Sacramento, California | Charity |
| Pineapple Fund | 2017 | | Charity |
# Neil Mackerras

Neil Richard Maclaurin Mackerras (20 May 1930 – 1 August 1987) was an Australian barrister and social campaigner.
Mackerras was born at Vaucluse to electrical engineer Alan Patrick Mackerras and Catherine Brearcliffe, née MacLaurin; his brothers included the conductor Sir Charles Mackerras, psephologist Malcolm Mackerras, and sinologist Colin Mackerras. He attended St Aloysius' College, Sydney Grammar School and the University of Sydney, receiving a Bachelor of Arts in 1951 and a Bachelor of Law in 1956. On 13 November 1954 at the Holy Family Catholic Church in Lindfield he married Elizabeth Margaret Moultrie Connolly. He was called to the Bar on 8 February 1957 and specialised in land law, co-writing Landlord and Tenant Practice and Procedure in New South Wales (1958, 1966, 1971), a standard text in the area.
A staunch Catholic and anti-communist, Mackerras left the Liberal Party to join the Democratic Labor Party (DLP), of which he was the inaugural New South Wales branch secretary. He stood as a DLP candidate at the 1972 Mosman by-election receiving 9.53% of the vote. He also sat on the state executive of the party until he resigned in 1972, believing that the election of the Whitlam Labor government marked the fulfilment of the DLP's objective. Mackerras was also a supporter of the New England New State Movement, and also encouraged Asian immigration on the condition that it did not lead to an influx of communists.
On 9 November 1973, Mackerras moved to Moree as a solicitor with the Aboriginal Legal Service, having noted the lack of representation for local Aboriginal youths. However, this proved difficult for his family, and in 1975 they relocated to Kellys Plains, near Armidale, with Mackerras becoming a solicitor at Uralla. Mackerras devoted the rest of his professional life to the Aboriginal cause; in one case, directing the successful appeal of an Aboriginal boy's gaol sentence, the bond condition forbade the boy to fraternise with Mackerras. He favoured self-determination for the Aboriginal people. Elizabeth had died in 1980, and Mackerras died of myocardial infarction on 1 August 1987 at Armidale, survived by nine children.
# Malthusian equilibrium

A population is in Malthusian equilibrium when all of its production is used only for subsistence. Malthusian equilibrium is a locally stable and a dynamic equilibrium.
# Paul H. Kirkpatrick

Paul H. Kirkpatrick (July 21, 1894 – December 26, 1992) was co-inventor of the X-ray reflection microscope, and the imaging technique he and his graduate student Albert Baez developed is still used, particularly in astronomy to take X-ray pictures of galaxies and in medicine. An award in his name was established in the Physics Department at Stanford University to recognize those graduate students who have demonstrated a talent for and commitment to the teaching of physics to undergraduates.
# Swat Rani Zai Tehsil

Swat Rani Zai is a tehsil located in Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
District Malakand has 3 tehsils i.e. Swat Rani Zai, Sam Rani Zai, and Thana Baizai. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.