OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leki

Leki may refer to:

## People

* Ananias Leki Dago (born 1970), Ivorian photographer
* Leki (singer) (born 1978), Congolese singer
* Leki Dukpa (born 1989), Bhutanese football player
* Leki Fotu (August 23, 1998), American American football player
* Leki Maka (born 1985), Tongan boxer

## Places

* Azagi Leki or Aşağı Ləki, Azerbaijan
* Leki or Lyaki or Ləki, Azerbaijan
* Orta Ləki or Leki, Azerbaijan
* Yuxari Leki or Yuxarı Ləki, Azerbaijan
* Łęki (disambiguation), several places in Poland

## Other

* Leki language, spoken in Iran and Turkey
* LeKi or Lempäälän Kisa, a Finnish ice hockey team
# Leathley Chater

Leathley Chater (23 December 1858 — 5 May 1931) was an English first-class cricketer.
The son of Henry Chater, he was born at Camberwell in December 1858. He was educated at Harrow School, where he played for the cricket eleven in his final year. He later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Hampshire at Southampton in 1881. Batting once in the match, he ended the MCC's first innings of 106 all out unbeaten on 6. He was by profession a merchant. Leathley died at Littlehampton in May 1931, where he had moved to in 1927. He was survived by his wife, Jessie and daughter Mary Cuningham Chater.
# Leathesia marina

Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842, previously known as Leathesia difformis Areschoug, 1847, commonly known as the sea cauliflower the sea potato, and brown brains is a species of littoral brown algae in the class Phaeophyceae and the order Ectocarpales, which is commonly attached to other seaweeds and sometimes rocks. When young, the organism is solid but as it matures it becomes hollow and somewhat convoluted and has the appearance of a small leathery brown bag about the same size as a tennis ball. The texture is rubbery and the outer surface smooth.
These brain-like brown seaweeds can be found growing on rock or as epiphytes on other seaweeds in the mid to low intertidal. Individuals can grow to ~15 centimetres (5.9 in) in diameter. Young individuals can resemble other globular forms of algae, such as Soranthera ulvoidea. To determine if it is Leathesia, squeeze and flatten a piece between your fingers. Leathesia will break apart into filaments whereas other globular forms will flatten but remain intact.

## Taxonomy

A 2011 study using phylogenetics found the following relationships between L. difformis and the rest of Chordariaceae.

### Synonyms

According to WoRMS (October 2023):
* Clavatella nostoc-marina Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
* Leathesia amplissima Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1924
* Leathesia difformis Areschoug, 1847
* Nostoc marinum C.Agardh, 1810
* Nostoc mesentericum C.Agardh, 1824
* Rivularia tuberiformis Smith, 1809
# Neoclytus pubicollis

Neoclytus pubicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1932.
# Mantua River

The Mantua River is a river in northern Cuba.
# Vito Bellafiore

Vito Bellafiore (born 11 July 1929) is an Italian politician who served as Senator for two legislatures (1983–1992).
# Veliki Šušnjar

Veliki Šušnjar is a village in central Croatia, in the Town of Petrinja, Sisak-Moslavina County.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the village of Veliki Šušnjar had 141 inhabitants. This represents 27.71% of its pre-war population according to the 1991 census.
* v
# Madagasikara

Madagasikara may be:
* The Malagasy name for Madagascar
* Madagasikara (gastropod), an animal genus
# Samchon County

Samch'ŏn County is a county in South Hwanghae province, North Korea.

## Administrative divisions

Samch'ŏn county is divided into 1 ŭp (town) and 19 ri (villages):
| Samch'ŏn-ŭp Ch'urŭng-ri Koejŏng-ri Kohyŏl-li Kŭmch'ŏl-li Kunghŭng-ri Kunsal-li Pangnam-ri Ryongam-ri Ryongch'ŏl-li | Ryŏnp'yŏng-ri Sinmyŏng-ri Sugyo-ri Sujang-ri Talch'ŏl-li Tobong-ri Tŏkch'ŏl-li Tomyŏng-ri T'app'yŏng-ri Wŏlbong-ri |

## Transportation

Sam county is served by the Ŭllyul Line of the Korean State Railway.
# Italian administrative law

Italian administrative law is an arm of administrative jurisdiction in the law of the Republic of Italy. The Italian administrative law is responsible for judging appeals brought against administrative acts by private individuals who consider themselves harmed (in a manner not in conformity with the legal system) in their own legitimate interest. These are administrative judges of first instance, whose sentences are appealable before the Council of State.

## History

The establishment of administrative tribunals of first instance in the regional district is required by the Constitution of Italy (Art. 125). However, the tribunals were only established on 6 December 1971, after the disappearance of the jurisdiction of the Provincial Administrative Councils, which had been declared unconstitutional.
The 1971 law did not limit itself to filling the void created in the legal system by the councils' abolition. The law established jurisdictional bodies with limited competence in relation to entities and matters, but has generalized the double degree in administrative jurisdiction. On every act of any public administration (including the state one), the TAR (Regional Administrative Court) now judges in the first instance, while the Council of State (which until the establishment of the regional courts normally judged in a single instance) is called to rule only on appeal.
# Pawłówka

Pawłówka may refer to the following places:
* Pawłówka, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Pawłówka, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Pawłówka, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
# Yoppa

Yoppa may refer to:
* "Yoppa", a 2018 song by Lil Mosey featuring BlocBoy JB from Northsbest
* "Yoppa", a 2018 song by Chris Brown from the Cuffing Season edition of Heartbreak on a Full Moon
* Yoppa, a character from Matchless Raijin-Oh
* Yoppa, a League of Legends Professional Player for Schalke 04 Evolution
# William Henry Leigh

William Henry Leigh may refer to:
* William Henry Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh (1824–1905), British politician
* William Henry Leigh (merchant) (1781–1818), merchant and former colonial official in Sierra Leone
# William Henry Lee

William Henry Lee (June 26, 1799 – September 11, 1878) was a Canadian civil servant and the first Clerk of the Privy Council of Canada.
Born in Trois-Rivières, Lower Canada (now Quebec), he was educated in Montreal. In 1821, he became an extra clerk for the Executive Council of Upper Canada. From 1867 to 1872, he was the clerk of the Privy Council. Being the first Clerk of the Privy Council, he was a Father of Confederation.
# William Henry Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh

William Henry Leigh, 2nd Baron Leigh, PC, JP (17 January 1824 – 21 October 1905) was a British politician.

## Life

He was the eldest of three sons born to Chandos Leigh, 1st Baron Leigh and his wife Margarette Willes. He was Lord of the Manor of Hunningham. Educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge (the university later also awarded him an honorary Doctor of Law degree), he married Lady Caroline Amelia Grosvenor (1828-1906), daughter of Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster, on 22 August 1848 and they had seven children:
* Margaret Elizabeth Leigh (1849-1945), married Victor Albert George Child-Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey
* Gilbert Henry Chandos Leigh (1851-1884)
* Agnes Eleanor Leigh (1853-1942)
* Francis Dudley Leigh (1855-1938)
* Rupert Leigh (1856-1919), army officer
* Rowland Charles Frederick Leigh (1859-1943), barrister
* Mary Cordelia Emily Leigh (1866-1956)
William succeeded his father as Baron Leigh on his death on 27 September 1850. He was Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire from 1856 until his death and was also made a colonel in the 3rd Battalion of the local regiment, the Warwickshire Regiment. He was High Steward of Sutton Coldfield from 1859 until 1892, when the stewardship lapsed after a new charter was issued for the borough, but was reappointed in September 1902. He also held office as a Justice of the Peace for Gloucestershire. He donated the land for the construction of St Alban's Church, Holborn in central London. He was a Privy Councillor from 1895 onwards, the same year as he unsuccessfully stood as MP for the constituency of North Warwickshire in the general election that year. William was succeeded by his second son Francis, after his eldest son Gilbert's early death.
Lord Leigh was the first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons, serving from 1856 to 1860. He was for more than 50 years (1852–1905) Provincial Grand Master for the Freemasons of Warwickshire.
# William Larrabee

William Larrabee may refer to:
* William Larrabee (Iowa politician) (1832–1912), Governor of Iowa, father of William Larrabee Jr.
* William Larrabee (Indiana politician) (1870–1960), Congressman from Indiana
* William Larrabee Jr. (1870–1933), Iowa state representative, son of Iowa's governor
* William C. Larrabee (1802–1859), president of Depauw University
# Yercaud day gecko

The Yercaud day gecko (Cnemaspis yercaudensis) is a species of gecko found in the Shevaroy Hills of southern India.
Its type locality is Yercaud Town (11°48'N; 78°14'E), in the Shevaroyan (Shevaroy) Range, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, southwest India, with its habitat located at 1515m above sea level.
# Yerburgh

Yerburgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elma Yerburgh (1864–1946), British business woman and philanthropist, wife of Robert Armstrong Yerburgh
* Hugh Wardell-Yerburgh (1938–1970), British rower
* Janet Wardell-Yerburgh (born 1940), British fencer
* Oswald Wardell-Yerburgh (1858–1913), originally Oswald Yerburgh, an English clergyman
* Robert Armstrong Yerburgh (1853–1916), British barrister and politician, brother of Oswald Wardell-Yerburgh
* Robert Yerburgh, 1st Baron Alvingham (1889–1955), British politician, son of Robert Armstrong Yerburgh
# Yoga in France

Yoga in France is the practice of yoga, whether for exercise or other reasons, in France. The relaxation technique of yoga nidra was pioneered by Dennis Boyes, whose 1973 book preceded Satyananda Saraswati's popularisation of the technique.

## History
### Yoga as exercise

Yoga was brought to France in the early 1930s by Maryse Choisy, Cajzoran Ali and Constant Kerneiz. Choisy taught meditation and wrote books on the philosophy of yoga; Ali published the 1928 book Les divines postures ("The divine [yoga] postures"); and Kerneiz founded what was probably the first yoga school in France. A pupil of Kermeiz, Lucien Ferrer, opened the Académie occidentale de Yoga ("Western Yoga Academy") in 1950. From the 1960s, with growing interest in yoga as a philosophy, the number of French yoga books, journals, and courses increased rapidly.
In Brussels, from 1968 until his death in 2004, the French-speaking André Van Lysebeth single-handedly published a monthly yoga magazine, Yoga. He became widely-known in France and across Europe as a yoga teacher, running yoga holidays, publishing books including the 1968 J'Apprends le Yoga (published in English as Yoga Self-Taught), and training many teachers.
In 1971, Eva Ruchpaul founded the Institut Eva Ruchpaul in Paris; it has trained over 1000 yoga teachers.
In the 1990s, yoga grew to have millions of practitioners in France, as it continues to do in the 21st century.

### Yoga nidra

In 1973, Dennis Boyes published his book Le Yoga du sommeil éveillé; méthode de relaxation, yoga nidra ("The Yoga of Waking Sleep: method of relaxation, yoga nidra") in Paris. This is the first known description of yoga nidra in a modern sense as a method of systematic relaxation in any language, preceding Satyananda Saraswati's popularisation of the technique. In the book, Boyes makes use of relaxation techniques including the direction of attention to each part of the body:

## Institutions

Yoga has remained largely unregulated in France, without either state control or official instruction in state schools. Four French institutions are members of the standard-setting body, the Union Européenne de Yoga/European Union of Yoga, namely the EU Recherche sur le Yoga dans l'Éducation ("EU Research on Yoga in Education"), Fédération Inter Enseignements de Hatha-Yoga ("International Federation of Teaching Hatha Yoga"), Fédération Nationale des Enseignants de Yoga ("National Federation of Yoga Teachers"), and Institut Francais de Yoga ("French Yoga Institute").
# Yoga for movement disorders

Yoga for movement disorders includes focused breathing, flow of poses, and meditative practice of yoga, specifically designed to benefit individuals whose voluntary movement is challenged. Though the symptoms defining movement disorders stem from neurological bases, the term has expanded to include a variety of conditions.

## Background

Neurological disorders such as, but not limited to, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, and brain trauma and stroke are marked by numerous symptoms. Among the physical symptoms are rigidity, involuntary muscle contractions, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), dyskinesia (excessive and/or repetitive involuntary movement), and impaired balance.
Non-motor symptoms can also impact movement. For example, the sense of proprioception can be affected, limiting the ability to orient where one's limbs are in relation to the space around the body.
Other medical ailments can also restrict movement and affect muscle strength, flexibility and balance. Though not neurologically based, conditions such as aging, arthritis, fibromyalgia, lupus, and multiple sclerosis can benefit from yoga for movement disorders.

## Benefits

Muscle spasms, atrophy, and rigidity associated with movement disorders often restrict balance and range of motion. Research shows that the benefits of yoga for movement disorders include improved strength, flexibility, balance, overall fitness and quality of life.
A study by the Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society of India concluded that significant improvement resulted in each aspect measured in Parkinson's patients who participated in the yoga program of a set series of modified poses. At the University of Kansas, a study measured the benefits of a specifically designed yoga class on the gait, balance, and overall well-being of Parkinson's patients. In a study conducted at the Indiana University, yoga poses particular to the needs of stroke patients showed improved recovery.

## Yoga for movement disorders

Limits to balance and range of motion restrict the ability of individuals with movement disorders from practicing traditional yoga poses in a way that is beneficial to them. Injury can result from overstretching. Anxiety, a common symptom of a number of movement disorders, can heighten from the physical challenges of trying to move into a pose. The stress from the fear of falling can overwhelm the meditative value from standard yoga practice.
Yoga for movement disorders is marked by a practice that addresses the needs particular to people living with movement disorders. Adaptations to the flow of poses as well as the individual poses reduce risk of injury and anxiety. The use of supports and modifications enhance balance and range of motion, providing stability and alignment.
Supports for assisting with balance and alignment in yoga for movement disorders include chairs, walls, bolsters, straps, weighted bags, blankets. In addition, techniques using verbal cues and music(subscription required) aid in the success of providing yoga's benefits to those with movement disorders.
# William J. Bernd House (Second Street, New Richmond, Wisconsin)

The William J. Bernd House is located in New Richmond, Wisconsin, United States. It is one of two houses sharing the name in New Richmond. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
It was built around 1927. It was deemed significant as "Architecturally, this is the only pure example of a Craftsman style bungalow in New Richmond. With the exception of perhaps the screens on the front porch, the integrity is intact. The styling is virtually a textbook example of the Craftsman style bungalow, complete with 3" wide clapboard. Although bungalows are a minor housing type in the city, other examples have had various alterations. The integrity and detail on this bungalow make in significant as a local example of the style."
# William Mansfield (Labour MP)

William Thomas Mansfield (1884 – 19 March 1939) was a British politician and trade unionist.
Born in Staithes in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Mansfield began working at the Grinkle Mines when he was thirteen years old. In 1908, he was elected as the mines' checkweighman and became active in the Labour Party. In 1911, he was elected to Hinderwell Urban District Council, then in 1920, to the North Riding of Yorkshire County Council, in time becoming an alderman. Also in 1920, he was elected as general secretary of the Cleveland Miners' and Quarrymen's Association, then part of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB).
At the 1924 general election, Mansfield stood in Cleveland for Labour, but was not elected. He stood again in 1929 and won the seat, but lost it at the 1931 general election, and failed to win it back in 1935.
In 1934, Mansfield took the Cleveland Miners and Quarrymen's Association out of the MFGB, instead merging into the National Union of General and Municipal Workers (NUGMW). It remained a distinct section of the NUGMW for two years, with Mansfield continuing as general secretary, after which he became an organiser for the union until his death in 1939.
# William Maples

William Maples may refer to:
* William R. Maples (1937–1997), American forensic anthropologist
* William Maples (cricketer) (1820–1854), English cricketer
# William Manson (theologian)

William Manson (14 April 1882 – 4 April 1958) was a British theologian.

## Life

He was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated in 1904. Later he studied at the Oriel College in Oxford, when he graduated in 1908. In the same year he returned to Glasgow and studied at the United Free Church College. Ordained in 1911, he was minister at Dunollie Road United Free Church, Oban until 1914. In that year he married Mary D. Ferguson and also moved to Glasgow to minister at Pollockshields East UF church.
In 1919 he was appointed to the Chair of New Testament at Knox College in Toronto. In 1925 he became professor of New Testament at the University of Edinburgh. In 1946 he was appointed to the Chair of Biblical Criticism at the University of Edinburgh. In 1952 he retired from teaching. William Manson died in 1958.
He is buried in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh with his wife Mary Dickie Ferguson (d.1972). The grave lies on the south wall in the south-west corner of the original cemetery next to the grave of Rev A. M. Renwick.
# William Moreland

William Moreland may refer to:
* Bunk Moreland, a fictional character in the TV series The Wire
* William Hall Moreland (1861–1946), bishop of the Missionary District of Sacramento
* William Harrison Moreland, British civil servant
* SS William C Moreland, a Great Lakes freighter
# William Harrop (RAF officer)

Squadron Leader William Harrop MM was a British World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories while flying as an enlisted observer. He returned to RAF service in World War II, attaining the rank of squadron leader.

## World War I service

Harrop was awarded his Military Medal on 14 December 1916, while serving as a pioneer in the Royal Engineers.
Sergeant Harrop served as an observer/gunner aboard the Airco DH.9s of 104 Squadron, teamed with Lt. George Smith. He drove down a Pfalz D.III over Boulay Airfield on 1 August 1918 for his first victory. On a morning patrol on the 12th, Harrop and Smith destroyed another Pfalz D.III, aided Arthur Rullion Rattray and his pilot in destroying an Albatros D.V, and drove down a third German fighter out of control over Saverne. One of these victories was over Vfw. Heinrich Krueger of Jasta 70. Three days later, at 1830 hours, Harrop and Smith drove another Pfalz down out of control, to make both men aces. Both were taken prisoner on 22 August 1918 after a raid on Mannheim. Harrop's final score was 1 (& 1 shared) destroyed, 2 (& 1 shared) 'out of control'.

## World War II

Harrop was promoted from warrant officer to flying officer on 29 April 1940, and confirmed in his rank a year later, on 29 April 1941. On 1 March 1942, he was promoted to temporary flight lieutenant.
Harrop became a squadron leader on 1 January 1946. On 1 November 1947, Harrop was reverted to the rank of flight lieutenant, with a seniority date from 1 September 1945. He retired from the RAF on 24 June 1948, and was allowed to retain the rank of squadron leader.
# William Kampiles

William Peter Kampiles (born December 21, 1954) is a former United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee during the Cold War known for selling a top secret KH-11 spy satellite manual in 1977.

## Early life

Born to Greek parents, Kampiles grew up in Hegewisch, on the far south side of Chicago. Kampiles' family was poor and lived in a small rental apartment. His father died in 1964, when Kampiles was nine. He attended college with a state grant from his father's social security benefit, by working at the college cafeteria, and his mother's salary from working at the south side Ford factory in the cafeteria.

## Career

While attending Indiana University, he was recruited by the CIA in 1977. He found his job, routing message traffic, to be boring, and quit after a year when a transfer failed. His friend George Joannides later testified that Kampiles had wanted to work in the covert section of the CIA, but would need to undertake the necessary training. Upon quitting, he stole a top-secret KH-11 spy satellite manual from CIA headquarters in 1977 for monetary gain, with the intention of becoming a double agent.

### Espionage and prison

In January 1978, Kampiles surprised his friends by flying unexpectedly to Athens, Greece, in the middle of winter which was highly uncommon, instead of summer as most Greek-Americans did. He walked into the Soviet Embassy there, asking to speak to an agent to sell the top secret KH-11 manual. He was given $3,000 by a Soviet KGB agent named Michael, given a camera, and instructions to gather and bring back more secrets. Afterwards, Kampiles contacted a Greek-American CIA agent about his contact with a Soviet agent and told him what he had done, in the hope of being rewarded with a position as a CIA spy. The case was passed off to another Greek-American, experienced senior research analyst Vivian Psachos, who realized the story Kampiles gave was not true. FBI agents arrested Kampiles at home in Munster, Indiana on August 18.
On November 17, 1978, a jury found Kampiles guilty of six counts of espionage, 40 years each, totalling 240 years. On December 22, one day after his birthday, Kampiles was sentenced to a total of 40 years imprisonment, and later sent to a federal prison in Wisconsin. It was there that he met Jimmy Baker who was serving his federal sentence, and another inmate, a judge from New York who befriended him and referred his case to a Loyola University Law professor who helped reduce his prison sentence to 18 years. Kampiles was released on December 16, 1996, after serving 18 years.