OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toa Payoh Hospital

Toa Payoh Hospital (Chinese Simplified:大巴窑医院) was a hospital located in Toa Payoh, Singapore. The hospital started operations as Thomson Road Hospital on 20 May 1959 and in 1997 merged with Changi Hospital to form Changi General Hospital located in Simei. The premises of the hospital was supposed to be taken over by Ren Ci Community Hospital but was eventually demolished.

## History

To meet the growing demand for medical services, the Singapore government decided to build a new hospital for the chronic sick at Thomson Road, named Thomson Road Hospital. Established on 20 May 1959, physicians practicing in Singapore and overseas received their postgraduate clinical training in the hospital. The hospital cost S$4.1 million to be built and it was opened by then-Minister of Health A. J. Braga.
Nursing training was also formalised when the School of Nursing for Pupil Assistant Nurse was officially opened within Thomson Road Hospital in September 1965.
In the 1960s, the patient load gradually increased and new facilities, such as a surgical block and an X-ray department, were added. The hospital also started offering neurosurgery in 1965 and obstetrics and gynaecology in 1969. It was renamed Thomson General Hospital in September 1965. During the 1970s, the hospital introduced new clinical specialties, which included neonatology and orthopaedic surgery. The Department of Anaesthesia was also formally established in 1971. The hospital was then renamed Toa Payoh Hospital named after the town of the hospital was serving.
In the 1980s, the current facilities of the hospital were unable to cope with increasing numbers of patients from the surrounding estates, including Toa Payoh, Ang Mo Kio, Yishun, Serangoon and Bishan. The management of the hospital then decided to move to a bigger site to increase its bed capacity.
The hospital was restructured on 1 April 1990 and had also created new programmes to improve services and care. More medical services were provided with the introduction of the ENT department in 1994 and the Eye department in 1996. Within a year, it had become the second busiest in Singapore. However, though the efforts to improve the services and care, the hospital's patient load increased to maximum capacity in mid-1990s. The hospital faced a shortage of beds and eventually closed on 15 February 1997. Hospital operations were moved to Simei as New Changi Hospital, as part of a merger with Changi Hospital.
# Todor Tanev

Todor Aleksandrov Tanev (Bulgarian: Тодор Александров Танев; born 30 October 1957), is a Bulgarian political scientist and sociologist, who served as the Minister of Education and Science as part of the Second Borisov Government until his resignation in February 2016.

## Biography

Born in Sofia, Tanev graduated from the English language high school in the city in 1976 and subsequently earned a BA in sociology from Sofia University in 1982. He is the holder of two doctoral degrees, both in the field of political science - the first one since 1991 and the second one since 2002. Tanev has made specializations in the United States and the Netherlands as well as lectured in these countries.
Tanev is a member of the citizens' council (Bulgarian: Граждански съвет) of the Reformist Bloc.
On 7 November 2014, he assumed his duties as Minister of Education and Science, succeeding Rumyana Kolarova.
# Tobi 5

Tobi 4 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 6
The fifth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 31, of the Julian calendar, and January 13, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The martyrdom of Saint Eugenius the Soldier
* The martyrdom of Saint Banikarous the Persian
* The departure of Pope Theodosius II, the 79th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
* The departure of Pope Matthew I, the 87th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
# Tobi 8

Tobi 7 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 9
The eighth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 3, of the Julian calendar, and January 16, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The departure of Pope Andronicus, the 37th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
* The departure of Pope Benjamin I, the 38th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
* The departure of Pope Gabriel V, the 88th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark

### Other commemorations

* The return of the Head of Saint Mark the Apostle
* The consecrations of the Church of Saint Macarius the Great
# Todorichene

Todoritchene is a village in Lukovit Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria.
# Toe pressure

Blood pressure in toes can be measured using special equipment, and is often valuable in assessment of severe peripheral artery disease, in particular in patients with diabetes where measurement of ankle pressure / ABPI is often unreliable (because of local stiffening of arterial wall).

## Measurement

Feet are often cold and to make sure measurement is not affected by local vasoconstriction, the patient's feet may be pre-warmed in water or by warm air to a skin temperature of around 30 °C. Measurement is done with the patient lying flat, with feet at heart level, using sphygmomanometry: the big toe is slightly emptied of blood by squeezing, and a small cuff is inflated around the base of the toe. Cuff pressure is then slowly lowered until flow can be detected in the distal part of the toe, e.g. by optical means (photocell), by expansion of the toe as measured with strain gauge plethysmography, or by visual assessment of color change by an experienced examiner, and the pressure at which this occurs is recorded.

## Interpretation of results

The toe pressure is usually slightly lower than arm blood pressure, a difference of up to 50mmHg is considered acceptable. Toe pressures below 30 mmHg (in diabetics 50mmHg) are pathological and associated with reduced viability of the tissue and risk of amputation.
# Tom Casten

Thomas R. Casten is an American businessman, author, and activist known for his work on industrial energy recycling. Since 1977, Casten has founded and managed numerous companies and organizations associated with combined heat and power (also called cogeneration), decentralized energy, and waste energy recovery.
Casten is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a former U.S. Marine and Eagle Scout.

## Education

Casten graduated magna cum laude from the University of Colorado Boulder and was valedictorian of his graduating class at Columbia Business School.

## Career

Casten was the founding president and CEO of Trigen Energy Corporation (a New York Stock Exchange corporation) and its predecessors from 1977 through 2000. He served until 2006 as founding chair and CEO of Primary Energy and its subsidiary Primary Energy Recycling Corp. In 2006 he founded and was chairman of Recycled Energy Development (RED), based in Westmont, Illinois. In 2016 RED was sold to Ironclad Energy Partners. These companies focused on energy recycling, a process that turns waste energy (usually heat) into clean power and steam. Casten has said his goal is to combat global warming in a profitable way, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs at the same time.
Casten has served as president of the International District Energy Association and co-founder and chairman of the World Alliance for Decentralized Energy, which are trade associations that promote combined heat and power, district heating, and other forms of distributed generation. Casten also serves on numerous boards for energy-related institutions, has testified before the energy committees of the U.S. Congress, and served on the informal policy advisory team of then-presidential candidate Barack Obama in 2008.
Casten is the author of Turning Off the Heat: Why America Must Double Energy Efficiency to Save Money and Reduce Global Warming. He has also published articles in outlets including American Scientist, the Detroit Free Press, Electricity Journal, and the Albuquerque Journal, as well as a chapter in Energy and American Society: Thirteen Myths. His work on energy recycling received profiles in Forbes, Smithsonian, Nature, US News, The Atlantic, Orian, and National Public Radio.

## Personal life

Casten and his wife, Judy, celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary by running the Chicago marathon in 2015. Casten's son, Sean, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018. He has two other children: Damien and Gillian.
Tom is the lone funder of SunshinePAC which contributed to Sean Casten's 2018 election campaign. These contributions became a source of a complaint to the FEC in February 2022.
# Tollison

Tollison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Robert Tollison (1942–2016), American economist
* Gray Tollison (born 1964), American politician
# Tom Slater (rugby union)

Tom Slater (born (1986-10-11) 11 October 1986 (age 37)) is a Welsh rugby union footballer currently playing for Welsh Premier Division side Cardiff RFC. His position is at scrum-half.
He has previously played for Beddau RFC Coventry R.F.C. and Cardiff Blues before joining Bristol at the start of the 2011-12 season. He returned to Cardiff RFC for the start of the 2013-4 season.
Slater has also represented the Wales Sevens team in the IRB Sevens World Series and the Barbarians, becoming one of the youngest players to represent the club when selected to play for them in March 2008 at the age of 21.
# Tomasso Amici

Tomasso Amici was an Italian sculptor active in Cremona, in Lombardy , Italy, in the late 15th century. He worked in the style of the thirteenth-century sculptor Bramanto Sacchi. He is known for having sculpted the reliefs in altar of St Nicolas (1495) in a Gothic style in the Duomo di Cremona, where he worked with Fra Mabila de Mazo (Francesco Majo?).

## Sources

* Boni, Filippo de' (1852). Biografia degli artisti ovvero dizionario della vita e delle opere dei pittori, degli scultori, degli intagliatori, dei tipografi e dei musici di ogni nazione che fiorirono da'tempi più remoti sino á nostri giorni. Seconda Edizione.. Venice; Googlebooks: Presso Andrea Santini e Figlio. p. 21.
* This article about an Italian sculptor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Tombstone Hill (Palmer Archipelago)

Tombstone Hill is a hill which rises to 50 m close east-northeast of Damoy Point, Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered and first mapped by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Charcot. The name given by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1944 is descriptive of some rocks on the top of the hill.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Tombstone Hill (Palmer Archipelago)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
64°49′S 63°31′W﻿ / ﻿64.817°S 63.517°W﻿ / -64.817; -63.517
* This Palmer Archipelago location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Tom Doerr

Thomas L. Doerr (1947 – August 2, 1987) was an American gay activist. In 1970, he introduced the lambda symbol into the gay rights movement when the image was used to represent the political work of the Gay Activists Alliance. The lambda became "a sign for gay liberation in general".

## Early life

Thomas L. Doerr was born in 1947 to Charles W. Doerr (1922–2002) and Elizabeth F. Doerr (1922–1994).

## Career

In the days after the Stonewall riots in 1969, Doerr became known as an activist who helped others understand the political implications of their actions.
He was a founding member of the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) in New York. He introduced the lambda symbol for the gay movement. He meant the lambda to symbolize the liberation that was achievable through activism, the link due to the fact that in chemistry the lambda is a sign for a catalyst and in Doerr's concept it symbolized an "exchange of energy". Originally the sign was colored chrome yellow – a reference to the Aldous Huxley novel Crome Yellow – on a dark blue field.
In 1970 ten GAA members occupied the Republican State Committee headquarters to demand Governor Nelson Rockefeller support gay rights. A Kay Lahusen photo shows Marty Robinson and Tom Doerr snuggling under an American flag.

## Personal life

Tom Doerr was a lover of Martin "Marty" Robinson (1943–1992). Born in Brooklyn, Robinson attended New York University and worked as a union carpenter. Robinson, writing Doerr's obituary, said:
   Anything that I had been able to contribute towards human liberation (self-acceptance) came from his love. I and many of your friends, Tom, will find it much harder to stumble on without you. A somewhat reticent, gentle prophet died this week... We are crushed at losing you... Fortified in having known you.
Doerr died on August 2, 1987, and is buried with his parents at Centre County Memorial Park, State College, Pennsylvania.
Vito Russo designed the panel honoring Tom Doerr for the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, a blue shirt with the lambda yellow sign and underneath it the words: "In memory of Tom Doerr, Who designed the Lambda as the symbol of the Gay Liberation Movement".
# Tomeček

Tomeček (feminine Tomečková) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jakub Tomeček (born 1991), Czech sport shooter
* Jan Tomeček, (born 1990), Czech ice hockey player
* Lubomír Tomeček, (born 1979) Czech mountain bike orienteer
* Nikola Tomečková, (born 1974) Czech javelin thrower
* Vojtěch Tomeček (born 1994), Czech professional ice hockey player
* Samuel Tomeček (born 1989), Slovak singer
# Tomy's Secret

Tomy's Secret (Spanish: El secreto de Tomy) is a 1963 French-Spanish musical film directed by Antonio del Amo and starring Fabienne Dali, Joselito and Fernando Casanova.
The film's sets were designed by Sigfrido Burmann.

## Cast

* Fabienne Dali as Sylvia
* Joselito as Tomy
* Fernando Casanova
* Milagros Leal
* Carmen Bernardos
* Concha Goyanes
* Marie France
* Rafael Alonso
* Trini Alonso
* Roland Armontel as Fabien Margoz
* Ángel de Andrés
* Paul Ellis
* Maribel Hidalgo
* Goyo Lebrero
* Alfredo Mayo
* Venancio Muro
* Salvador Soler Marí
* Adolfo Torrado
* Antonio Vela as Campeón
* María Esther Vázquez
# Tongamya

Tongamya is a genus of flies in the family Mydidae.

## Species

* Tongamya miranda Stuckenberg, 1966
* Tongamya stuckenbergi Irwin & Wiegmann, 2001
# Tommy Breckons

Tommy Breckons (1928–2009) lived all his life on his family's Foundry Farm, Bellingham, central Northumberland. He was a noted player of the Northumbrian smallpipes.

## Learning

Tommy learned at first from G.G. Armstrong, and subsequently taking further lessons for two years from Tom Clough after Armstrong gave up teaching through ill-health. He also learned the Highland pipes - it is rare to master both instruments, with their very different fingering and sound. He was perhaps the last piper to have known the playing of the Cloughs directly. He described Tom Clough's set of exercises, which he said were similar to G.G. Armstrong's. They consisted of scales and arpeggios - the pupil would have to start slowly, and increase speed till mistakes happened. Another group of exercises, based on variation sets, are all found in the four tunes Fenwick of Bywell, Jacky Layton, Felton Lonnen and Oh dear, what can the matter be. He also gave a description of Tom Clough's meticulous teaching technique: He made you break a tune down and play it bar by bar. If there was a bar bothering you, you played that bar until you got it right. Then you put the bars together, then put the measure together, and then eventually the tune together. Finally you could start at the beginning and go through it.

## Recollections of other pipers

Tommy was also a friend of Billy Pigg, first hearing him at a concert in Bellingham in 1948–9, and getting to know him well from about 1962. He felt that There were two really outstanding pipers that I've known, ... Billy Pigg and Tom Clough. He regretted that while Tom Clough was recorded at the peak of his ability, Billy Pigg was only recorded on poor equipment when his health was failing It's a great pity he wasn't recorded at his peak. Tommy reported Billy Pigg's account of how he had learned from sessions at Tom Clough's. When he lived at Blagdon, he used to bike down to Clough's. There were fourteen or fifteen pipers all living in that area, and they took turns to play at each other's houses, including Billy's. Billy told me that when he first went to one of these sessions there were fourteen pipers in the house, ..., and everyone was better than me! By God..., there were some good pipers. But all I had to dee was practice and get up alongside them. Billy Pigg's reel Tom of Bellingham is believed to be named after Tommy.

## Playing technique and style

Significantly, Tommy related that both Tom Clough and Billy Pigg played covering the holes with the pads, rather than the ends, of their fingers. He advocated playing tunes simply, with little ornamentation, and playing notes for full length, closing the hole only briefly before the next note. He also argued that for dance tunes, one should imagine playing for dancers, and for song tunes, one should imagine the words. He also set great store by rhythmic precision - his background in Highland piping gave good training for this. He played a set with a nominal G pitched around F sharp, with a characteristically bright tone.
# Tonnay-Charente

Tonnay-Charente (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
In the 18th century, it was the home town of prominent Irish physician Dr. Theobald Jennings and his son, Irish-born French General Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine who fought in the American War of Independence and, more significantly, in the French revolutionary wars with Napoleon I of France. There is a personal portrait of General Kilmaine in the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) of Tonnay-Charente. Rue Kilmaine, a street in Tonnay-Charente was named in his honour.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,428 | — |
| 1800 | 2,275 | −0.93% |
| 1806 | 2,377 | +0.73% |
| 1821 | 1,173 | −4.60% |
| 1831 | 2,106 | +6.03% |
| 1836 | 3,202 | +8.74% |
| 1841 | 3,435 | +1.41% |
| 1846 | 3,296 | −0.82% |
| 1851 | 3,538 | +1.43% |
| 1856 | 3,699 | +0.89% |
| 1861 | 3,703 | +0.02% |
| 1866 | 3,763 | +0.32% |
| 1872 | 3,872 | +0.48% |
| 1876 | 3,756 | −0.76% |
| 1881 | 3,904 | +0.78% |
| 1886 | 4,287 | +1.89% |
| 1891 | 4,249 | −0.18% |
| 1896 | 4,462 | +0.98% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 4,696 | +1.03% |
| 1906 | 4,873 | +0.74% |
| 1911 | 4,911 | +0.16% |
| 1921 | 4,529 | −0.81% |
| 1926 | 4,495 | −0.15% |
| 1931 | 4,537 | +0.19% |
| 1936 | 4,859 | +1.38% |
| 1946 | 4,830 | −0.06% |
| 1954 | 5,161 | +0.83% |
| 1962 | 5,732 | +1.32% |
| 1968 | 6,332 | +1.67% |
| 1975 | 6,430 | +0.22% |
| 1982 | 6,380 | −0.11% |
| 1990 | 6,814 | +0.83% |
| 1999 | 6,628 | −0.31% |
| 2007 | 7,434 | +1.44% |
| 2012 | 7,817 | +1.01% |
| 2017 | 8,010 | +0.49% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Tono Maria

Tono Maria was a South American woman who was displayed at freak shows in London during the early 19th century. She was an Aimoré woman who was born in the Minas Gerais region of Brazil and eventually moved to London at some point in her life. Marketed as the “Venus of South America”, Maria was displayed on numerous freak shows throughout the city, where her body scars (which were claimed to signify a sexual transgression she had committed), large figure, lip and ear plugs became objects of fascination for numerous spectators who viewed her.

## Life

Tono Maria was an Aimoré woman who was born in the Minas Gerais region of Brazil around 1782. She eventually moved to London at some point in her life, and was displayed in numerous freak shows around the city. Maria was described in an article written for the London Literary Gazette as being marketed as the "Venus of South America"; the article went on to note that Maria's “charms are reputed to have been irresistible in her native land in which she made conquest of no fewer than three chieftains in succession". She was also described in the article as being "about forty years of age".

## Legacy

University at Albany professor Janell Hobson briefly recounted Maria in her book, Venus in the Dark: Blackness and Beauty in Popular Culture, describing how spectators in London took particular note of the scars on her body which nearly numbered a hundred; with each scar supposedly representing a sexual transgression committed by Maria. Hobson used Maria to illustrate the contrasting depictions of femininity between white women and women of color. American scholar Rosemarie Garland-Thomson mentioned Maria in her book, Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature, as a spectacle that the London spectators used to confirm their “sense of physical mastery”. Thompson also noted that Maria was seen as a cautionary tale of female hypersexuality.
# Tono Dam (Iwate, Japan)

Tono Dam (Japanese: 遠野ダム) is a gravity dam located in Iwate Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 29.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 12 ha of land when full and can store 1030 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1957.
# Tongeia ion

Tongeia ion is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by John Henry Leech in 1891. Tongeia ion closely resembles Tongeia fischeri.

## Subspecies

* T. i. ion western China, Yunnan-Sichuan-Tibet border and also recorded from Thailand
* T. i. cratylus (Fruhstorfer, 1915) Sichuan-Tibet border (Batang, Mangkang)
* T. i. cellariusi (Bollow, 1930) eastern Gansu (Qinling Mts.)