OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Medial medullary syndrome

Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hypoglossal alternating hemiplegia, lower alternating hemiplegia, or Dejerine syndrome, is a type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by a set of clinical features resulting from occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. This results in the infarction of medial part of the medulla oblongata.

## Presentation

The condition usually consists of:
| Description | Source of damage | Number on diagram |
| a deviation of the tongue to the side of the infarct on attempted protrusion, caused by ipsilateral muscle weakness. | hypoglossal nerve fibers | #8 |
| limb weakness (or hemiplegia, depending on severity), on the contralateral side of the infarct | medullary pyramid and hence to the corticospinal fibers of the pyramidal tract | #5 |
| a loss of discriminative touch, conscious proprioception, and vibration sense on the contralateral side of the infarct (body below head) | medial leminiscus | #6 |
Sensation to the face is preserved, due to the sparing of the trigeminal nucleus.
The syndrome is said to be "alternating" because the lesion causes symptoms both contralaterally and ipsilaterally. Sensation of pain and temperature is preserved, because the spinothalamic tract is located more laterally in the brainstem and is also not supplied by the anterior spinal artery (instead supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries and the vertebral arteries).

## Pathophysiology

The anterior spinal artery arises bilaterally as two small branches near the termination of the vertebral arteries which descend anterior to the medulla and unite at the level of the foramen magnum. The infarction (which arises in the paramedian branches of the anterior spinal artery and/or the vertebral arteries) leads to death of the ipsilateral medullary pyramid, the medial lemniscus, and the hypoglossal nerve fibers that pass through the medulla. The spinothalamic tract is spared because it is located more laterally in the brainstem and is not supplied by the anterior spinal artery, but rather by the vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries. The trigeminal nucleus is also spared, since most of it is higher up in the pons, and the spinal part of it found in the medulla is lateral to the infarct.

## Diagnosis

Ipsilateral signs and symptoms - flaccid paralysis (lmn) paralysis and atrophy of one half of tongue (hypoglossal nerve)
Contralateral signs and symptoms-spastic (umn) paralysis of trunk and limbs (contralateral corticospinal tract) Impaired tactile, proprioceptive and vibration sense of trunk and limbs (contralateral medial lemniscus)
# Medial palpebral arteries

The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head that contribute arterial blood supply to the eyelids. They are derived from the ophthalmic artery; a single medial palpebral artery issues from the ophthalmic artery before splitting into a superior and an inferior medial palpebral artery, each supplying one eyelid.

## Anatomy
### Origin

A single medial palpebral artery issues from the ophthalmic artery before bifurcating into a superior and an inferior medial palpebral artery.
The origin occurs near the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle.$^{:570}$

### Course

The medial palpebral arteries leave the orbit to encircle the eyelids near their free margins, forming a superior and an inferior arch, which lie between the orbicularis oculi and the tarsi.$^{:570}$

### Anastomoses

The superior medial palpebral artery anastomoses (at lateral angle of the orbit) with the upper lateral palpebral artery, and the zygomaticoorbital branch of the temporal artery.$^{:570}$
The inferior medial palpebral artery anastomoses at the lateral angle of the orbit with the lower lateral palpebral artery, and with the transverse facial artery, and at the medial part of the lid with a branch from the angular artery (from this last anastomoses a branch passes to the nasolacrimal duct, ramifying in its mucous membrane as far as the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity).$^{:570}$

## Additional images

* Bloodvessels of the eyelids, front view.
# Spilomyia maroccana

Spilomyia maroccana is a species of Hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Morocco.
# Spindle cell lipoma

Spindle cell lipoma is an asymptomatic, slow-growing subcutaneous tumor that has a predilection for the posterior back, neck, and shoulders of older men.$^{:625}$

## Signs and symptoms

Spindle cell lipoma is most frequently located in the upper back, shoulder, or posterior neck subcutaneous layer. Nonetheless, reports of it occurring in the mediastinum, hypopharynx, larynx, anterior neck, suprasellar region, esophagus, nasal vestibule, tongue, floor of mouth, vallecula, parotid gland, and breast have been made. The tumor is said to have an average diameter of 4 to 5 cm and is growing slowly. Usually, the tumor is painless and solitary. There have been documented rare instances of numerous lesions, including family occurrences.

## Causes

The exact cause of spindle cell lipoma is unknown.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of spindle cell lipoma is mainly made in conjunction with clinical presentation and after other malignant tumors have been ruled out using cytologic, histologic, and cytogenetic evidence.
According to histology, the lesion is made up of tiny, homogeneous spindle cells and mature adipocytes combined with eosinophilic collagen bundles inside a myxoidstroma. According to immunohistochemical staining, the spindle cells are positive for CD34 but negative for S-100 protein.
# Spindle cell carcinoma

Spindle cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs and that contains long spindle-shaped cells. It is also called sarcomatoid carcinoma.
# Meathouse, Kentucky

Meathouse is an unincorporated community located in Pike County, Kentucky, United States.
# Meghan Athavale

Meghan Athavale, frequently known as Meg Rabbit, is an entrepreneur and visual artist known for her work with interactive toy design, video mapping and projections, and folk music. She is the co-founder and CEO of Po-motion, a maker of software for interactive projection installations, and the co-founder of Lumo Play, a toy that creates projected interactive environments for children which was developed as part of the Highway1 startup accelerator.
Athavale is the co-author of eight patents and patents pending in the field of mobile projection, augmented reality, and interactivity. These patents include:
* Content generation for interactive video projection systems
* Infrared reflective device - interactive projection effect system
* Interactive projection effect and entertainment system
* Content generation for interactive video projection systems
* Interactive video system
A self-taught musician, Athavale has recorded one album and toured throughout North America. She has represented Canadian technologists at the G20 Young Entrepreneur Summit and the SXSW festival. She has also created a number of interactive installations in museums and public spaces, and regularly performs video mapping and animation for public events and musical acts.
# Spring of Life (1957 film)

Spring of Life (Spanish: Primavera de la vida, Swedish: Livets vår) is 1957 Argentine-Swedish drama film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Nicole Berger, Folke Sundquist and Pedro Laxalt. It was shot in studios in Buenos Aires and on location in the region. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gori Muñoz. The film tried to exploit the success of Mattson's earlier film One Summer of Happiness which had also starred Sundquist.

## Synopsis

Young couple Elisa Fernandez and Marcelo are in love, but she is distressed that he is going away to Buenos Aires to study. Her strict father opposes their relationship, but Marcelo tries to find a way in order to raise the money so that she can come to the city with him.

## Cast

* Nicole Berger as Elisa Fernandez
* Folke Sundquist as Marcelo
* Pedro Laxalt as Mr. Fernandez
* Elisardo Santalla as Don Manuelo
* Norma Giménez as Rosita
* Marisa Núñez as Mercedes
* Horacio Priani as Lopez
* Alita Román as Doña Elena
# Spring of Youth

Spring of Youth may refer to:
* 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon or Operation Spring of Youth
* Spring of Youth, a march by Hermann Ludwig Blankenburg
* Spring of Youth (Taiwan), an old water source in Changhua County, Taiwan
# Ghana at the 1964 Summer Olympics

Ghana competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Bronze | Eddie Blay | Boxing | Men's Light Welterweight (63.5 kg) |

## Results by event
### Athletics

Men's 100 metres
* Stanley Fabian Allotey
   * Round 1 — 10.7 s (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
* Michael Ahey
   * Round 1 — 10.6 s (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 200 metres
* Michael Okantey
   * Round 1 — 21.9 s (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 400 metres
* Ebenezer Quartey
   * Round 1 — 47.1 s (→ 2nd in heat, advanced to 2nd round)
   * Round 2 — 47.0 s (→ 7th in heat, did not advance)
* Samuel Owusu-Mensah
   * Round 1 — DNS
Men's 1500 metres
* Eric Amevor
   * Round 1 — 3:58.4 min (→ 11th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 4x100 metres relay
* Michael Okantey, Michael Ahey, Ebenezer Charle O. Addy, Stanley Fabian Allotey
   * Round 1 — 40.8 s (→ 5th in heat, advanced to semi-final)
   * Semi-Final — 40.7 s (→ 8th in heat, did not advance)
Men's 4x400 metres relay
* James Addy, Brobbey Mensah, Samuel Zanya Bugri, Ebenezer Quartey
   * Round 1 — 3:10.4 min (→ 5th in heat, did not advance)
Men's long jump
* Michael Ahey
   * Qualification — 753 cm (→ advanced to the final)
   * Final — 730 cm (→ 7th place)
Women's 100 metres
* Rose Hart
   * Round 1 — 11.9 s (→ 5th in heat, advanced to 2nd round)
   * Round 2 — 11.9 s (→ 6th in heat, did not advance)
* Christiana Boateng
   * Round 1 — 12.9 s (→ 8th in heat, did not advance)
Women's 80 metre hurdles
* Rose Hart
   * Round 1 — 11.3 s (→ 3rd in heat, advanced to semi-finals)
   * Semi Final — 11.1 s (→ 8th in heat, did not advance)
Women's long jump
* Alice Anum
   * Qualification — 545 cm (→ did not advance)

### Boxing

Flyweight
* Sulley Shittu
   * Round 1 — defeated Jumaat Ibrahim (MAL) KO-1 2:17
   * Round 2 — lost to John Anthony McCafferty (IRL) 2:3
Bantamweight
* Cassis Aryee
   * Round 1 — defeated Thein Myint (BIR) KO-2 2:03
   * Round 2 — lost to Takao Sakurai (JPN) 0:5
Lightweight
* Sammy Lee Amekudji
   * Round 1 — bye
   * Round 2 — lost to Kanemaru Shiratori (JPN) KO-1 1:27
Light welterweight
* Eddie Blay
   * Round 1 — bye
   * Round 2 — defeated Preben R.S. Rasmussen (DEN) 5:0
   * Round 3 — defeated Nol Touch (CAM) KO-2 1:34
   * Quarterfinals — defeated Joao Henrique Da Silva (BRA) 5:0
   * Semi-finals — lost to Jerzy Kulej (POL) 0:5
Light middleweight
* Eddie Davies
   * Round 1 — defeated Laszlo Sebok (HUN) 5:0
   * Round 2 — defeated Tolman Gibson Jr. (USA) 5:0
   * Quarterfinals — lost to Boris Lagutin (SOV) RET
Middleweight
* Joe Darkey
   * Round 1 — bye
   * Round 2 — defeated James Columbus Rosette (USA) 3:2
   * Quarterfinals — lost to Valery Popenchenko (SOV) 0:5
Light Heavyweight
* Thomas Arimi
   * Round 1 — bye
   * Round 2 — lost to Sayed Mersal (UAR) 0:5

### Football
#### Group D

| | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| Ghana | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Japan | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Argentina | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| Italy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

#### Quarterfinals

vteGhana at the Olympics :
Ghana did not participate in 1980 due to a boycott. :
# Orkhon University

Orkhon University is nonprofit private university in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Founder Khajidsuren Nyamaa established the university in 1992 as Orkhon Institute of Foreign Languages and Secretarial Training. A branch of the school was founded in Zavkhan Province in 1998. The postgraduate program was opened in 2002. The language of instruction is Mongolian, but there is a strategic plan to shift to bilingual education, Mongolian and English, in the near future.

## Campus

Orkhon University is in the Khan Uul district of Ulaanbaatar and includes an academic building, cafeteria, multipurpose auditorium, classroom building, library, computer lab, and residence halls for students and full-time faculty and staff.

## Organization

The university has a volunteer Board of Directors composed of prominent Mongolian leaders from a wide range of sectors, including government, business, nonprofit and education. The Board of Directors is the fiduciary of Orkhon University and is an autonomous group that establishes its own policies.

## Academic programs

Orkhon University is organized into three schools: 1) School of Humanities, 2) School of Law, and 3) School of Economics and Business Management. The university offers more than 20 undergraduate degrees, as well as master's degrees in accounting, linguistics, education, business, law, social work, and public administration, and doctoral programs in education, linguistics, and accounting.

## Secondary school

Orkhon University manages an affiliated K-12 school, the Orkhon School, which currently has 350 full-time students enrolled. The school is Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) qualified at the primary and secondary levels.

## International partnerships

Orkhon University has international partnerships with a number of institutions, including Gimcheon University, Daegu University, the American University in Bulgaria, Otani University, Tokyo University of Social Welfare, the Soros Foundation, and the USA Peace Corps.

## Affiliation and accreditation

Orkhon University serves as vice president for international affairs for the Consortium of Universities and Colleges of Mongolia and is accredited by the Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation.
# Stephen Altman

Stephen Altman (born October 15, 1956) is an American production designer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Production Design for the film Gosford Park. He is the son of American filmmaker Robert Altman.

## Selected filmography

* Gosford Park (2001; co-nominated with Anna Pinnock)
# Lesdins

Lesdins (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Capillitium

Capillitium (pl. capillitia) is a mass of sterile fibers within a fruit body interspersed among spores. It is found in Mycetozoa (slime molds) and gasteroid fungi of the fungal subdivision Agaricomycotina. In the fungi, the form of the capillitia, including shape, size, branching patterns, presence or absence of slits or pores, thickness of the walls, and color, are features that can be used to identify certain species or genera.
# Lined blind snake

The lined blind snake (Afrotyphlops lineolatus), also known as the common lined blind snake, common lined worm snake, or lineolate blind snake, is a species of snake in the family Typhlopidae. It is widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east and Angola and Zambia in the south.
# Substation (disambiguation)

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substation may also refer to:
* Traction substation, a type of electrical substation
* Police substation, a mini police station with limited services
* The Substation, a Singaporean contemporary arts centre
* SubStation Alpha, a subtitle file format
* Substation (video game), a 1995 first-person shooter for the Atari STe
# Galletti

Galletti is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessio Galletti, Italian racing cyclist;
* Arthur Galletti (1877–1967), British Indian civil servant;
* Carlo Galletti, Italian footballer;
* Filippo Maria Galletti, Italian painter;
* Giacomo Galletti, Bishop of Alessano;
* Gian Luca Galletti, Italian politician;
* Giovanna Galletti, Italian actress;
* Giulio Galletti, Bishop of Alessano;
* Johann Georg August Galletti – German historian and geographer;
* Luciano Galletti, Argentine retired footballer;
* Paolo Galletti, Italian swimmer;
* Pietro Luigi Galletti, Italian historian;
* Rubén Horacio Galletti, Argentine retired footballer.
# Gareth Williams (New Zealand actor)

Gareth Williams (born 13 July 1984) is a New Zealand born actor of television, film and theatre. He trained for a year with the Auckland Theatre Company at the prestigious Globe Theater in London. He then attained his Bachelor of Performing Arts at Toi Whakaari: New Zealand Drama School in 2006. Williams has since had television roles in Facelift (2007), This Is Not My Life (2009), Legend of the Seeker (2010), as well as some minor feature film roles.
He has gained recognition through musical theatre, receiving positive reviews for his role as William Kemmler in the Indian Ink production of The Dentist's Chair. Shannon Huse, reviewer for the New Zealand Herald, wrote "Gareth Williams is suitably cadaver scary as William Kemmler, the ghost of the first man to be executed by electric chair who haunts Albert. He gives a charismatic performance that includes two ghoulish songs."
He has also taken on such stage roles as Benvolio in Romeo and Juliet (2010) and 'The Balladeer' in 'Assassins' (2010).
Williams landed the supporting role of Vettius in Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011).

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2008 | Home by Christmas | George Webster |
| 2009 | Separation City | German Bellhop |
| 2010 | Rest for the Wicked | Young Frank |
| 2010 | Bliss | Dougal |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby | Waterboy | |
| 2007 | Facelift | George Bush | |
| 2009 | This Is Not My Life | Davo | Episodes 3, 4 |
| 2010 | Legend of the Seeker | Young Thaddicus Zorander | "Vengeance" (S02E17) |
| 2010 | Spartacus: Gods of the Arena | Vettius | Series regular |
| 2014 | Coverband | Brett | "Noise Control" (S01E02) |

## Awards

2010 – Best Comedy Show – Winner – Wellington Fringe Festival – The Lonesome Buckwhips
2010 – Billy T James Award – Nominee – The Lonesome Buckwhips
2009 – Best Newcomer – Winner – Metro Magazine
# Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn

Gareth Wyn Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn, PC, QC (5 February 1941 – 20 September 2003), was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician who was Leader of the House of Lords, Lord President of the Council and a member of the Cabinet from 2001 until his sudden death in 2003.

## Early life

Williams was born near Prestatyn, in North Wales, a son of Albert Thomas Williams and his wife Selina, née Evans. He was educated at Rhyl Grammar School and at Queens' College, Cambridge.

## Legal career

He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1965, he became Queen's Counsel in 1978, was a Recorder from 1978, a Deputy High Court Judge, 1986–92, the Leader of the Wales and Chester Circuit, 1987–89, and a Member of the Bar Council, 1986–92 (Chairman, 1992).

## Political career

He was created a life peer on 20 July 1992 as Baron Williams of Mostyn, of Great Tew in the County of Oxfordshire, and became an opposition spokesman in the House of Lords on Legal Affairs, and later Northern Ireland. After Labour's election victory he was appointed a Home Office minister, and in 1999 became Attorney General for England and Wales and Northern Ireland. He was appointed Leader of the House of Lords in 2001, initially with the sinecure office of Lord Privy Seal, for which Lord President of the Council was substituted in 2003.

## Reputation among his colleagues

As part of the celebrations to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Life Peerages Act, Lord Williams was voted by the current members of the House of Lords as the outstanding life peer since the creation of the life peerage. In his book A View from the Foothills Chris Mullin wrote that he thought that Gareth Williams was most likely to succeed Derry Irvine as Lord Chancellor; in the event the position was next filled by Charles Falconer.

## Personal life

Williams married Pauline Clarke in 1962, and they had three children. They divorced, and he then married Veena M. Russell in 1994, and by her had one daughter, Imogen. He died from a heart attack at his home in Evenlode, Gloucestershire on 20 September 2003, aged 62, and was buried at St Michael and all Angels Church in Great Tew, Oxfordshire.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn :
* CrestA portcullis Or in front of an arm embowed vested and the cuff braided Sable frilled at the wrist the hand Proper holding by its blade upwards Argent a sword palewise to the front of the portcullis its hilt pommel and quillons Gold.
* EscutcheonErmine on a pile flory at the point Sable a lion rampany Or armed and langued Gules.
* SupportersDexter upon a grassy mount growing therefrom two sweet pea flowers Proper a griffin statant erect Gold sinister upon a like mount a dragon statant erect also Gold both armed and langued Gules.
* MottoY Gwir Yn Erbyn Y Byd
# Gars am Kamp

Gars am Kamp is a market town at the Kamp river (Kamptal) in the district of Horn, region Waldviertel in the Austrian state Lower Austria with 3,542 inhabitants (2016).

## History

Gars was between 1075 - 1095, during the reign of the House of Babenberg, a former capital of ancient Austria.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Gars was a traditional summer resort (Sommerfrische). At the end of the 20th century, the climatic health resort (Luftkurort) of Gars experienced another boom thanks to Willi Dungl's health tourism.

## Structure

The municipality includes the following 13 localities: Buchberg am Kamp, Etzmannsdorf am Kamp, Gars am Kamp, Kamegg, Kotzendorf, Loibersdorf, Maiersch, Nonndorf bei Gars, Tautendorf, Thunau am Kamp, Wanzenau, Wolfshof, Zitternberg

## International relations
### Twin towns — Sister cities

Gars am Kamp is twinned with the following cities:
* Gars am Inn, Germany

## Politics

* Dialog im Kamptal, non-partisan platform

## Notable people (selection)

* Willi Dungl, health expert
* Falco, singer
* Richard Gach, architect
* Helmuth Gräff, artist, poet
* Matthias Laurenz Gräff, artist, historian, political activist
* Werner Groiß, politician, entrepreneur
* Leopold II, Margrave of Austria
* Leopold III, Margrave of Austria, born in Gars
* Marianne Mendt, singer, actress
* Andrea Scherney, paralympic athlete
* Karl Sigmund, mathematician
* Franz von Suppé, composer
* Josef Wiesinger, politician