OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Capital offences in China

In Mainland China, there are 46 crimes punishable by death. These are defined in the criminal law of China, which comprehensively identifies criminal acts and their corresponding liabilities.

## List of capital offenses
### Crimes Endangering National Security

Endangering national security is among the crime categories included in the 1997 revision of China's criminal code. It comprises Articles 102 to 113 of the 1997 Criminal Law and imposes the confiscation of property as a supplementary penalty. The crimes included are:
* Treason
* Separatism
* Armed rebellion, rioting
* Collaborating with the enemy
* Spying or espionage
* Selling state secrets
* Providing material support to the enemy

### Crimes Endangering Public Security

* Arson
* Flooding
* Manslaughter
* Bombing
* Spreading poisons
* Spreading hazardous substances (e.g., radioactive, toxic, pathogenic)
* Seriously endangering public safety, broadly construed
* Sabotaging electricity
* Sabotaging gas, fuel, petroleum, or other flammables or explosives
* Hijacking aircraft
* Illegal possession, transport or selling of explosives or firearms
* Illegally manufacturing, selling, transporting or storing hazardous materials
* Theft of explosives or other dangerous material
* Theft of firearms, ammunition or other dangerous material

### Economic crimes

* Production or sale of counterfeit medicine
* Production or sale of hazardous food products

### Crimes against people

* Intentional homicide
* Intentional assault
* Rape
* Kidnapping
* Human trafficking

### Crimes against property

* Robbery

### Crimes against public order

* Prison escape, jailbreaking
* Raiding a prison
* Smuggling, dealing, transporting or manufacturing drugs

### Crimes against national defense

* Sabotaging weapons, military installations, or military communications
* Providing substandard weapons or military installations

### Corruption and bribery

* Embezzlement

### Breach of duty by soldiers

* Insubordination
* Concealment or false reporting of military intelligence
* Refusing to pass or falsely passing orders
* Surrender
* Defection with aircraft or ships
* Selling military secrets
* Theft of military weaponry or supplies
* Illegally selling or transferring military weaponry or supplies
* Killing innocent inhabitants of war zones or plundering their property
* Cowardice

## Amendments

A 2011 amendment to this law for the purpose of legal provisions improvement reduced the number of capital crimes by 19.1% and gave more lenient punishments to minors and the elderly (75 years old and above).
In 2015, the criminal code was amended to remove nine capital offenses:
* Smuggling weapons or ammunition
* Smuggling nuclear materials
* Smuggling counterfeit money
* Counterfeiting
* Investment fraud/fraudulent fundraising.
* Organizing prostitution
* Forcing prostitution
* Obstructing military affairs
* Spreading rumors and undermining morale during wartime.
# Carissima

"Carissima" is the alma mater of Hamilton College, words and music by M. W. Stryker in 1872.
After Hamilton became a coeducational institution in 1978, the original lyrics of the song were updated to reflect the fact that not every student was male.
# Carbost

Carbost (Gaelic: Càrrabost) is the name of several settlements:
* Carbost, Loch Harport, Isle of Skye, in Highland, Scotland
* Carbost, Trotternish, near Portree, Isle of Skye, in Highland, Scotland
* Carabost, New South Wales, Australia
# Carex deflexa

Carex deflexa, the northern sedge, is a cespitose sedge with purplish brown to reddish brown rhizomes and pale green leafs that are often shorter than stems and 0.9–2.6 mm wide.
It is native to Canada, most of the US except the central states, and Greenland.
# Carex depauperata

Carex depauperata (starved wood-sedge) is a rare species of sedge native to parts of Europe. The plant has been virtually extinct in the United Kingdom since the 1940s.
In 2010, following a successful reintroduction at Charterhouse School, staff at Wakehurst Place Garden, West Sussex, announced that the plant was to be reintroduced to a second, undisclosed location in Surrey.
# Carex densa

Carex densa is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to western parts of North America.
# Carl Ferdinand von Arlt

Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt (18 April 1812 – 7 March 1887) was an Austrian ophthalmologist born in Ober-Graupen, a village near Teplitz (Teplice) in Bohemia.
He earned his doctorate in Prague in 1839, and later became a professor of ophthalmology in Prague (1849–1856) and Vienna (1856–1883). His son Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt (1842–1917) was also an ophthalmologist.
Arlt published a prodigious number of books and articles concerning diseases of the eye, and collaborated with Albrecht von Graefe and Franciscus Donders on the journal Archiv für Ophthalmologie. He was the first physician to provide proof that myopia (short-sightedness) is generally a consequence of excessive length of the sagittal axis of the eye (bulbus).
Annually. he returned to his home town in order to treat people in its vicinity who were afflicted with eye diseases. Arlt died in Vienna on 7 March 1887.
The following eponyms are named after Arlt:
* "Arlt's line": Linear scar present in sulcus subtarsalis during Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
* "Arlt's operation": Transplantation of eyelashes back from the edge of the eyelid for treatment of distichiasis.
* "Arlt's syndrome": A contagious eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
* "Arlt's triangle": keratic precipitates distributed in a wedge-shaped area on the inferior corneal endothelium.

## Selected publications

* Die Krankheiten des Auges (Diseases of the eye) three volumes, (1851, 1853 & 1856).
* Operationslehre (Surgical Lessons) In Saemisch/Graefe Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde, Volume 3, (1874).
* Meine Erlebnisse. (Autobiography), Wiesbaden 1887, Otto Becker, pupil of Arlt, completed his autobiography.
# Carex shinnersii

Carex shinnersii is a species of sedge described in 2001. It is native to North America, found in Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
The species is named for Lloyd Herbert Shinners.
# Carlos Pellegrini (Buenos Aires Underground)

Carlos Pellegrini is a station on Line B of the Buenos Aires Underground. From here, passengers may transfer to the Diagonal Norte Station on Line C and the 9 de Julio Station on Line D and Metrobus 9 de Julio. The station was opened on 22 July 1931 as the eastern terminus of the extension of the line from Callao. In December 1931, the line was extended further east to Leandro N. Alem.

## Overview

The station is located at the intersection of Avenida Corrientes and Calle Carlos Pellegrini, and named after the latter. The station is directly underneath the Plaza de la República, home to the famous Obelisco de Buenos Aires.

## Gallery

* Station entrance next to the obelisk
* Original aspect in 1931
# Carlos Pellegrini (disambiguation)

Carlos Pellegrini (1846–1906) was President of Argentina, 1890–1892.
Carlos Pellegrini may also refer to:
* Carlos Pellegrini (Buenos Aires Metro), a station of the Buenos Aires Metro
* Carlos Pellegrini, Santa Fe, a town in Santa Fe Province, Argentina
* Colonia Carlos Pellegrini, a town in Corrientes Province, Argentina
* Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini, a Grade 1 horse race in Argentina
* Carlos Alberto Pellegrini, American surgeon
# Carlo de' Medici (cardinal)

Carlo de' Medici (19 March 1595 – 17 June 1666) was an Italian nobleman and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

## Early life and ancestry

Born into the powerful and wealthy Florentine House of Medici, he was the fifth child and third son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife, Christina of Lorraine. His paternal grandparents were Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his wife, Eleanor of Toledo, the daughter of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca, the Spanish viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples. His maternal grandparents were Charles III, Duke of Lorraine and his wife, Claude of Valois, granddaughter of Henry II, King of France and Catherine de' Medici.

## Biography

Born in Florence, as a younger son into an influential Italian noble family, he was destined for a career in Church. Fulfilling his promise, he had a successful ecclesiastical career, rising to become Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Dean of the College of Cardinals. De' Medici was raised to the cardinalate by Pope Paul V in the consistory of 2 December 1615 and was made Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica. He was an elector at the papal conclaves of 1621 and 1623 that elected Pope Gregory XV and Pope Urban VIII. He transferred deaconries to that of San Nicola in Carcere in 1623, and was the Cardinal protodeacon at the conclave of 1644 that elected Pope Innocent X. He was briefly Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio, before being raised to the order of Cardinal Priests in December 1644, with the title of San Sisto.
The next year, de' Medici was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Sabina, but opted for the suburbicarian see of Frascati seven months later. On 29 April 1652 he was made Cardinal Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals. On 23 September the same year he became Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia e Velletri. He presided over the conclave of 1655 and announced the papal election of Pope Alexander VII.

## Death

Carlo de' Medici died in Florence in 1666. He is buried at his family crypt at the Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Carlo de' Medici (cardinal) :
# Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera

Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera (born 27 October 1961) is a Guatemalan chess FIDE Master (FM), three-time Guatemalan Chess Championship winner (1989, 1990, 1992) and Chess Olympiad individual gold medalist (1988).

## Biography

Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera was one of the leading Guatemalan chess players in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won three Guatemalan Chess Championships: 1989, 1990, and 1992. He also won a bronze medal in this tournament in 1991. Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera played in FIDE Zonal tournaments three times: 1998, 2000, and 2004.
Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera played for Guatemala in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1982, at the fourth board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+4, =5, -3),
* In 1988, at the third board in the 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+7, =1, -2), winning an individual gold medal,
* In 1990, at the first board in the 29th Chess Olympiad in Novi Sad (+5, =2, -6),
* In 2004, at the third board in the 36th Chess Olympiad in Calvià (+4, =4, -4),
* In 2006, at the first reserve board in the 37th Chess Olympiad in Turin (+4, =4, -3).
Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera played for Guatemala in the World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship:
* In 1980, at the fourth board in the 2nd World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship in Mexico City (+6, =3, -3),
* In 1983, at the third board in the 4th World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship in Chicago (+2, =1, -5).
Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera is also known as a chess life organizer. He is the Technical Director of the Guatemalan Chess Federation.
# Carrera 47 (TransMilenio)

The simple station Carrera 47 is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000.

## Location

The station is located in northwestern Bogotá, specifically on Calle 80 with Carrera 58.
It serves the Gaitán and Escuela de Cadetes (Cadets' school) neighborhoods.
The women's prison, El Buen Pastor, is located close to the station.

## History

In 2000, phase one of the TransMilenio system was opened between Portal de la 80 and Tercer Milenio, including this station.
The station is named Carrera 47 due to its location at the intersection of that road with Avenida Calle 80.

## Station Services
### Old trunk services

Services rendered until April 29, 2006 :
| Kind | Routes | Frequency |
| Current | | Every 3 minutes on average |

### Main Line Service

Service as of April 29, 2006 :
| Type | North or South Routes | Northwestern Routes | Frequency |
| Local | 6 | 6 | Every three minutes |
| Express Monday through Sunday All Day | G22 | D22 | Every two minutes |
| Express Monday through Saturday All Day | B10 | D10 | Every two minutes |

### Dual services

Services rendered since May 30, 2015 :
| Kind | Routes to the North | Routes to the South |
| Dual Monday to Sunday all day | D81 | M81 |

### Feeder routes

This station does not have connections to feeder routes.

### Inter-city service

This station does not have inter-city service.
# Rouyn-Noranda Regional County Municipality

Rouyn-Noranda Regional County Municipality was a former regional county municipality and census division in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada.
It was formed in 1981 and dissolved when all of its component municipalities amalgamated into the new City of Rouyn-Noranda on January 1, 2002, as part of the early 2000s municipal reorganization in Quebec.
Based on the last census prior to its dissolution, Rouyn-Noranda RCM consisted of:
| Name | Type/status | Land area in km$^2$ | 2001 population | 1996 population |
| Arntfield | Municipality | 396.52 | 471 | 433 |
| Bellecombe | Municipality | 691.42 | 731 | 755 |
| Cadillac | City | 366.32 | 828 | 930 |
| Cloutier | Municipality | 89.78 | 351 | 356 |
| Cléricy | Municipality | 185.59 | 481 | 538 |
| D'Alembert | Municipality | 380.74 | 920 | 810 |
| Destor | Municipality | 258.37 | 391 | 445 |
| Lac-Montanier | Unorganized territory | 252.63 | 0 | 0 |
| Lac-Surimau | Unorganized territory | 170.23 | 0 | 7 |
| McWatters | Municipality | 440.14 | 1815 | 1914 |
| Mont-Brun | Municipality | 505.08 | 519 | 537 |
| Montbeillard | Municipality | 308.82 | 728 | 677 |
| Rapides-des-Cèdres | Unorganized territory | 1019.82 | 10 | 0 |
| Rollet | Municipality | 382.38 | 356 | 408 |
| Rouyn-Noranda | City | 348.07 | 28270 | 30936 |
| Évain | Municipality | 195.90 | 3750 | 3892 |
| Totals | | 5991.81 | 39,621 | 42,638 |
The unorganized territory of Rapides-des-Cèdres was occasionally written as Rapide-des-Cèdres (there is an unrelated Rapide-des-Cèdres which is a hamlet within the municipality of Lebel-sur-Quévillon).
# Soovin Kim

Soovin Kim (born 1976) is an American violinist.

## Early life

Kim was born in Iowa City, Iowa on April 10, 1976 to South Korean parents who had met and married in Korea, then moved to the U.S. together. When Kim was 2, his family moved to Bolingbrook, Illinois. Two years later his brother Marvin was born. Though no member of Kim's family was involved in music (his mother is a registered dietician, while his father is a communications professor), as a young boy he enjoyed listening to classical violin recordings at home with his mother. Soon, Kim asked for violin lessons, as had his friend Jennifer Koh and a number of his other friends around the same time. His parents enrolled him in a local Suzuki class, where he thrived under the tutelage of Suzuki instructor William Fuhrburg.
In 1985, his family moved to Plattsburgh, New York. He attended public schools while studying the violin privately, traveling to Montreal weekly to work with the concertmaster of the Montreal Symphony, Richard Roberts. At ages 13 and 14 Kim himself served as concertmaster of the World Youth Orchestra at Michigan's National Music Camp at Interlochen. Both summers Itzhak Perlman was soloist with the Orchestra. For five years he played across the lake from Plattsburgh in Burlington, with the Vermont Youth Orchestra. At the time it was conducted by Maestro David Dworkin.
At 15, Kim attended the Cleveland Institute of Music, where he studied with Donald Weilerstein and David Cerone. Kim spent his summers at Cerone's Encore School for Strings in Hudson, Ohio, a pre-eminent American summer school for serious string players.

## Career

In 1995, Kim transferred from the Cleveland Institute to the Curtis Institute of Music that year. There he studied with Jaime Laredo and Victor Danchenko. In 1996, Kim won the Paganini Competition in Genoa. The following year, he won the Henryk Szeryng Career Award.
Kim spent his first summer at the Marlboro Festival just after he won the Paganini prize in 1996. Founded decades ago by Rudolf Serkin and Adolf Busch, Marlboro is intended to be a true retreat for the artists who are invited to participate. Kim frequently returns to the Marlboro Festival.
Kim moved to New York City in 2005, and was married the same year. He frequently appears in Korea, both as soloist and as a member of the piano quartet MIK, which performs both standard repertoire and newly commissioned works. He also tours with fellow winners of the Borletti-Buitoni Trust Award, which he won in 2005. When not touring, Kim teaches at SUNY Stony Brook.
# Central of Tennessee Railway and Navigation Company

The Central of Tennessee Railway and Navigation Company (CTRN, CTR, Centennrail) is a defunct railroad company in Tennessee, United States. Centennrail began railroad freight operations on June 19, 1992.
Later, and to the moment of ceasing its operation the company was also doing business as the Longhorn Railway Company.
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Finance Docket No. 32049 (Sub-No. 1), decided July 15, 1992, stated that Centennrail intended to operate a rail line from milepost 205 at Nashville, Tennessee, to milepost 180 at Ashland City, Tennessee, a distance of 25 miles with 3 miles of switching leads. The line itself was owned by Cheatham County Rail Authority (CCRA), which purchased it from the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Company (BA No.1516) (ICG) in 1988 after ICG abandoned it. The previous operator of the railroad was McCormick, Ashland City & Nashville Railroad Co., Inc. (BA No.5518).
As the Longhorn Railway Company, at the time of the discontinuance of service in August 2000, it operated a rail line on the former Austin and Northwestern Railroad owned by Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (CMTA) extending between milepost 0.0 west of Giddings, Texas, and milepost 154.07 at Llano, Texas, including the Marble Falls Branch (6.43 miles), the Scobee Spur (3.3 miles), and the Burnett Spur (.93 miles), a distance of approximately 162 miles in Bastrop, Burnet, Lee, Llano, Travis and Williamson Counties, Texas. The lines traverse U.S. Postal Service ZIP codes 78605, 78611, 78613, 78639, 78641, 78642, 78643, 78650, 78653, 78654, 78701, 78702, 78705, 78717, 78721, 78722, 78723, 78727, 78728, 78729, 78751, 78753, 78756, 78757, 78758, 78759, and 78959. The line includes the stations of Giddings, Hills, Paige, McDade, Butler, Stacks, Elgin, Manor, Milby, Decker, Smoot, Austin Depot, Austin Junction, Buttercrust, Abercrombie, Fromme, McNeil, Rutledge, Whitestone, Leander, Liberty Hill, Bertram, Summit, Burnet, Gandy, DeMarco, Sudduth, Fairland, Scobee, Kingsland.
# Kurt Gribl

Kurt Gribl (born 29 August 1964 Augsburg, Germany) is a former Mayor of Augsburg, Bavaria, an office he held from 1 May 2008 to 30 April 2020. He is a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.

## Early career

Gribl has been practicing law since 1993 when he joined a law firm in Augsburg. He specialized in building and architectural law. In addition, he held teaching positions at Hochschule Mittweida and Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden between 2004 and 2007.

## Political career

Gribl joined the CSU in 2008. In 2015, Bavaria's Minister President Horst Seehofer nominated him as one of his deputies in the office of CSU chairman, making him part of the party's leadership.
In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, Gribl co-chaired the working group on urban development; his counterparts were Bernd Althusmann and Natascha Kohnen.
In March 2019, Gribl announced that he would not stand in the 2020 local elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of his term.

## Other activities
### Corporate boards

* BayernLB, member of the supervisory board (since 2017)
* Housing Association of the City of Augsburg (WBG), chairman of the supervisory board
* echion media AG, member of the supervisory board (since 2003)

### Non-profit organizations

* University of Augsburg, member of the board of trustees

## Recognition

* 2012 – Manhae Prize
# Thomas Treffry II

Thomas Treffry (fl. 1545) was an English politician.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Bodmin in 1545.
# Graham MacKinnon

Graham Charles MacKinnon CMG ED (10 December 1916 – 27 June 1992) was an Australian politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1956 to 1986. He served as a minister in the governments of David Brand and Charles Court.

## Early life

MacKinnon was born in Bridgetown, Western Australia, to Rhoda Myrtle (née Moyes) and Charles Archibald MacKinnon. He attended Bunbury Senior High School, and subsequently worked as a clerk and shop assistant. MacKinnon enlisted in the Australian Army in 1940, and during the war served with the 2/4th Machine Gun in Malaya and Singapore, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He was a Japanese prisoner of war for three years after the Fall of Singapore. After the war's end, MacKinnon moved to Bunbury, where he owned a caravan manufacturer and later managed a sewing machine company. He was also president of the local branch of the Returned Services League (RSL).

## Politics

At the 1956 Legislative Council elections, MacKinnon was elected to the two-member South-West Province, replacing the retiring Les Craig. He was made deputy chairman of committees in 1958, and served in that position until 1965. At the 1965 state election, MacKinnon transferred to the new Lower West Province. He made an honorary minister after the election, and a few months later was given a substantive position in the ministry, becoming Minister for Health and Minister for Fisheries and Fauna. He was also made Minister for Environmental Protection (a new title) in December 1970, and held those positions until the Brand government's defeat at the 1971 election. MacKinnon returned to the ministry just three years later, appointed Minister for Education, Minister for Cultural Affairs, and Minister for Recreation in the new Court government.
Following a reshuffle after the 1977 election, MacKinnon was made Minister for Conservation and the Environment, Minister for Fisheries and Wildlife, and Minister for Tourism. Another reshuffle occurred in August 1978, and his titles thereafter were Minister for Works, Minister for Water Supplies, and Minister for Tourism, which he held until leaving the ministry at the 1980 election. MacKinnon left parliament at the 1986 election, having returned to his original constituency (South-West Province) in 1974. In June 1980, he had been made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG), for "political and public service". MacKinnon died in Perth in June 1992, aged 75. He had married Mary Theresa Shaw in 1940, with whom he had two sons. One of his nephews, Barry MacKinnon, was also a Liberal Party MP, and the two served together in parliament from 1977 to 1986.
# City of Gold (2015 film)

City of Gold is a 2015 documentary film directed by American filmmaker, Laura Gabbert. The film profiles food critic Jonathan Gold and the influence of his writing on Los Angeles culture and beyond.

## Release

City of Gold debuted at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was released the following year by IFC Films/Sundance Selects in theaters and on DVD.

## Reception

Akiva Gottlieb of the Los Angeles Times wrote that City of Gold "Offers an almost utopian vision of urban life in which good food can temporarily transcend borders of race, class and gender." Rolling Stone's Peter Travers stated "In search of fresh culinary treasures, Gold travels the hidden corners of a too-familiar city and we get to fall in love with L.A. again." According to Melena Ryzik of The New York Times, "The documentary does as much to demystify and yet romanticize Los Angeles as any Chandler novel." Conor Bateman of 4:3 Film summed up that City of Gold is "A Love Letter to the art of discovery."