OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gargunnock

Gargunnock is a small village in the Stirling council area with an active community trust, seven miles (eleven kilometres) west of Stirling, in Scotland. The census population was 912. It is situated on the south edge of the Carse of Stirling, at the foot of the Gargunnock Hills, part of the Campsie Fells.
Several small burns flow down from the Gargunnock Hills
The last naturally suitable crossing point on the Forth before reaching Stirling Bridge is situated just outside Gargunnock. This, coupled with the land condition and drainage around the feet of the Gargunnock hills, made Gargunnock the ideal location to build a farming settlement.
During the occupation of Scotland, the English posted a battalion in the Peel tower on the outskirts of the village to protect this important ferry. It is believed that William Wallace brought his army through Gargunnock (called Gargowans at the time), setting up fort on the Kier Hill, to take control of this part of the river in advance of the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Bonnie Prince Charlie is also said to have passed through the village on his travels.

## Known for

Gargunnock House and Estate are focal points of the village dating back to the 16th century. Starting life as a tower house, over the following 200 years wings were added with the final wing completed in 1794. Charles Stirling, the fifth son of an old and distinguished family and who had prospered as a merchant in Glasgow, bought the remodelled Gargunnock in 1835. His great-granddaughter, Miss Viola Stirling, was the last of the family to own and run the estate. On her death in 1989 she left Gargunnock to trustees, with the hope that it could be 'preserved and administered so as to exemplify and perpetuate the tradition of Scottish country life. It is also said that Frédéric Chopin once played at the house as Charles Stirling's sister Jane was a pupil of his.
Gargunnock is also the home to the Gargunnock Show, founded in 1794 and hosted annually the show is one of the longest running in Scotland.
More recently, during the nineteenth century Gargunnock was famous for its fine oak-spale baskets, until intensive deforestation removed the raw materials necessary for this trade and the industry moved to Loch Lomond.
Gargunnock War Memorial was erected in 1919 to a design by Sir Robert Lorimer marking the local people killed during the First World War. Additional names were added at the close of the Second World War.
A railway station, around 1 kilometre from the village, was opened by the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway in 1856 and was closed to passengers in 1934.
The majority of pupils from Gargunnock Primary continue their secondary education at the nearby Stirling High School, with others attending Balfron High School.
On Tuesday, July 6, 2021, the Gargunnock Village Store experienced a fire, leaving it vacant. In December 2023 the village community trust received £150,000 grant from the Scottish Land Fund to buy the shop with hopes to re-open it by September 2024.
In August 2023 the UCI Road World Championships time trials route went through the village with the Gargunnock Inn playing host as an "Official Event Fan Zone".
# Gargunnock railway station

Gargunnock railway station served the village of Gargunnock, Stirling, Scotland, from 1856 to 1959 on the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 26 May 1856 by the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway. To the west was the goods yard and to the west of the level crossing was the signal box, which opened in 1892. On the north side of the line were sidings which served a sawmill. The station initially had only one platform but another was later added. It closed on 1 October 1934 and the signal box was downgraded to a ground frame shortly after. It closed to goods on 5 October 1959.
# Gargya

Gārgya (feminine Gārgī, "descendant of Garga") may refer to:
* Author of some of the sukthas of Atharva Veda, son of Garga and father of Kalayavana
* King of Gandharvas
* Author of the Samaveda-Padapatha
# Gargunnock Hills

The Gargunnock Hills are a range of hills west of the city of Stirling, Scotland. They culminate in the peak of Carleatheran, whose 485-metre (1,591 ft) summit is crowned by a trigonometrical pillar. The Gargunnock Hills are separated from the Fintry Hills to their west by the valley of the Backside Burn. To their east are the Touch Hills, whilst to the south is Carron Valley Reservoir. The hills are defined to the north by a 300-metre (980 ft) craggy escarpment overlooking the glen of the River Forth. At the foot of this scarp are the villages of Gargunnock and Kippen.
The hills drain principally to the south; Mary Glyn's Burn and Burnfoot Burn combine with Gourlay's Burn and Backside Burn to form Endrick Water. The waters of Earl's Burn are dammed at two places to form Earlsburn Reservoir No. 1 and Earlsburn Reservoir no. 2. The few streams which fall to the north include Gargunnock Burn which plunges over the scarp at Downie's Loup, and Leckie Burn which flows through Loch Logan and then St. Colm's Glen. Additionally two streams, the Easter Blackspout and the Western Blackspout flow into a reservoir from the hills and then on to join Leckie Burn.

## Geology

The hills are composed of volcanic rocks formed in the Carboniferous period and which have proved more resistant to erosion than the surrounding sedimentary rocks. The bedrock across the larger part of the area is the basaltic Gargunnock Hills Lava Member. In stratigraphic order (i.e. youngest/uppermost first), the remaining subdivisions of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation which outcrop on the steep northern scarp of the hills, are:
* Spout of Ballochleam Lava Member (basaltic lava)
* Slackgun Volcaniclastic Member (sandstone, conglomerate)
* Skiddaw Lava Member (basaltic lava)
The trachybasaltic Lees Hill Lava Member is also present around Lees Hill and east to beyond Tulmore. It is the Spout Of Ballochleam lavas which form the cliffs of the northern scarp. Substantial amounts of landslide material are arrayed beneath these cliffs.
The larger part of the plateau surface is covered by peat formed during the Holocene epoch.
# Gasterosiphon deimatis

Gasterosiphon deimatis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. This is the only species known to exist within the genus, Gasterosiphon.
# Gaston Z. Ortigas

Gaston Zavalla Ortigas (January 31, 1931 – August 31, 1990), also known as Gasty was a Filipino professor, freedom fighter, agrarian reformer, entrepreneur, and peace advocate best known for his opposition to the Martial Law dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, and for his later pursuit of a peace process between the post-dictatorship Philippine Government and various antidictatorship movements that did not give up their arms after Marcos was deposed in February 1986. He was the dean of the Asian Institute of Management (AIM).
He played a key role in the formation of civil society movements for peace, as one of the original convenors of the Coalition for Peace, and was deeply involved in both the National Peace Conference and what would later become the Multi-Sectoral Peace Advocates (MSPA).

## Biography

Prior to the declaration of Martial Law, Ortigas taught as a member of the faculty at the Asian Institute of Management (AIM), specializing in industrial and production management. In 1970 he joined the Christian Social Movement organized by Senator Raul Manglapus.
After the declaration of Martial Law, Ortigas joined various organizations which were critical of Marcos's authoritarian regime, such as the Bishops-Businessmen's Conference and Movement for a Free Philippines (MFP), which was also led by Manglapus. Eventually he had to flee the country to avoid falling into the hands of Marcos' armed forces.
After the 1986 People Power Revolution, Ortigas returned to the Philippines and became an agrarian reform and peace process advocate. He also served as dean at the AIM for the four years between his return to the country and his eventual death.
He died of a lingering illness on August 31, 1990.

## Legacy

In his honor, the Ateneo de Manila University established the Gaston Z. Ortigas Peace Institute six months after his death. His name was also inscribed on the Wall of the Remembrance at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Monument of Heroes), which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship.
# Gaspard Adolphe Chatin

Gaspard Adolphe Chatin (30 November 1813, Tullins – 13 January 1901) was a French physician, mycologist and botanist who was born in Tullins Isère, and died in Les Essarts-le-Roi. He was the first to prove that goiter was related to iodine deficiency.
He studied at the Faculté de Médecine in Paris and received his doctorate in May 1840. In 1841, he became Chief Pharmacist at the Beaujon Hospital in Paris, and in 1859 at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. He taught botany at the Ecole Superieure de Pharmacie, which he directed from 1874. In April 1886, there were student riots at the school, and his dismissal was demanded. He retired in August 1886 with the title of honorary director.
He was a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine (1853) and the Académie des Sciences (1874). He was a member of the Société Botanique de France, which he led in 1862, 1878, 1886 and 1896. In 1878, he became an Officer of the Legion d'honneur.
He was the father of the botanist and zoologist Joannes Charles Melchior Chatin (1847–1912).
# Gaoguan

Gaoguan may refer to the following locations in China:
* Gaoguan, Guangdong (高莞镇), town in Lianping County
* Gaoguan, Liaoning (高官镇), town in Benxi Manchu Autonomous County
* Gaoguan, Chongqing (高观镇), town in Chengkou County
# Gaohu (disambiguation)

The Gaohu (高胡) is a Chinese bowed string instrument developed from the erhu.
Gaohu (高湖镇) may also refer to the following towns in China:
* Gaohu, Hunan, in Hengdong County, Hunan
* Gaohu, Jiangxi, in Jing'an County, Jiangxi
* Gaohu, Zhejiang, in Qingtian County, Zhejiang
# Gazi-Béa

Gazi-Béa, also known as Gazibéa and Gazibeya, is a village situated in Lobaye Prefecture, Central African Republic.

## History

From 30 March to 1 April 2024, a conflict between herders and the locals occurred in Gazi-Béa over the theft of herders' cows by the villagers. Seven people were killed and others wounded. Due to the attack, the residents fled to Boguéré or bush. Responding to this tension, FACA and Wagner were deployed to the village to restore peace and order.
An alleged 3R rebels attacked Gazi-Béa on 6 May 2024, killing six villagers and burning houses. This attack prompted the locals to seek refuge in the nearby villages and bush. On the next day, FACA and Wagners went to the village.

## Healthcare

Gazi-Béa has one health post.
# Gazzirola

The Gazzirola (also known as Garzirola) is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps on the Swiss-Italian border. Its summit is the highest point of the municipality of Lugano.

## SOIUSA classification

According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:
* main part = Western Alps
* major sector = North Western Alps
* section = Lugano Prealps
* subsection = Prealpi Comasche
* supergroup = Catena Gino-Camoghè-Fiorina
* group = Gruppo Camoghè-Bar
* subgroup = Sottogruppo del Camoghè
* code = I/B-11.I-A.2.a

## Mountain huts

Not far from the mountain are located three mountain huts: Capanna San Lucio (1,540 m), Rifugio San Lucio (1,554 m) and Rifugio Garzirola (1,974 m).
# Gazzo

Gazzo may refer to:

## Places
### Italy

* Gazzo, Veneto, a town in the Province of Padua, Veneto
* Gazzo Veronese, a town in the Province of Verona, Veneto
* Gazzo di Bigarello, a village in the Province of Mantua, Lombardy
* Monte Gazzo, a hill near the town of Sestri Ponente, Liguria

## People

* Gazzo (magician) (born 1960), British street magician
* Gazzo (producer) (born 1990), American DJ and producer
* Jane Gazzo (born 1977), Australian broadcaster
* Michael V. Gazzo (1923–1995), American actor and Broadway playwright
# Gazzo, Veneto

Gazzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Padua. As of 31 August 2017, it had a population of 4,302 and an area of 22.7 square kilometres (8.8 sq mi).
The municipality of Gazzo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Grossa, Gaianigo, Grantortino, and Villalta.
Gazzo borders the following municipalities: Camisano Vicentino, Grantorto, Grumolo delle Abbadesse, Piazzola sul Brenta, Quinto Vicentino, San Pietro in Gu, Torri di Quartesolo.
# Gaynes School

Gaynes School is a coeducational secondary school situated on Brackendale Gardens, Upminster, in the London Borough of Havering, London, England.
Opened in 1936, the school celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2011. The school takes its name from the medieval manor of Gaynes in Upminster, which was held by the d'Engayne family from 1218 to circa 1360.
Previously a community school administered by Havering London Borough Council, in July 2018 Gaynes School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Loxford School Trust.
# Gears and Tears

Gears and Tears is a British television documentary series about stock car racing, which originally aired on BBC One in 2010.

## Synopsis

Gears and Tears follows the story behind a BriSCA Formula One Stock Car Racing season, particularly a bitter battle between two dominant clans in the sport: the Wainmans from Yorkshire and the Smiths from Lancashire. Although the Wainmans and the Smiths are the central characters, other drivers who appear in the series include Nuneaton-based father and son Rob and Chris Cowley (race number 73 and 37 respectively), and Leicestershire double glazing company manager Paul Hines (race number 259).

## Production

The programme was narrated by Ralph Ineson (who was in Harry Potter and The Office) and produced by Charlie Clay who also produced Trawlermen. It was initiated by lifelong stock car fan and assistant producer on the show John Lakey who has worked on other BBC shows such as Top Gear, Wrong Car Right Car, and Panic Mechanics.
A large amount of on board mini-cameras that were used in the series brought stock car racing to life in a way that had never been seen before.

## Reception

The first episode of Gears and Tears was broadcast on Monday 2 August 2010, at 10:35pm, except in Northern Ireland and Wales, where it was shown half an hour later. The subsequent episodes were shown in the same timeslot, except for episode 5, which aired on Tuesday instead of Monday. The series was later released on DVD.
# Gegenes pumilio

Gegenes pumilio, the pigmy skipper or dark Hottentot, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found from the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea through Anatolia to the Himalaya and south in the whole of Africa.
The length of the forewings is about 14 mm. Adults are on wing from April to October in multiple generations.
The larvae feed on various grasses, including Gramineae species as well as Pennisetum clandestinum, Ehrharta (including Ehrharta erecta) and Cynodon species.

## Subspecies

* Gegenes pumilio pumilio (southern Europe, Middle East, India, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman)
* Gegenes pumilio gambica (Mabille, 1878) (Africa, Arabia to Lebanon, Turkey to northern Pakistan, Kashmir)
* Gegenes pumilio monochroa (Rebel, 1907) (Yemen: Socotra)
# Geastrum campestre

Geastrum campestre is an inedible species of mushroom belonging to the genus Geastrum, or earthstar fungi.
# General Hammond

General Hammond may refer to:
* Arthur Verney Hammond (1892–1982), British Indian Army major general
* Creed C. Hammond (1874–1940), U.S. Army major general
* Jeffery Hammond (born 1959), U.S. Army major general
* Scott A. Hammond (fl. 1980s–2000s), Georgia Air National Guard major general
* William A. Hammond (1828–1900), Union Army brigadier general

## Fictional characters

* George Hammond (Stargate), a fictional U.S. Air Force lieutenant general in Stargate media.
* General Hamilton Hartington Hammond, a fictional brigadier general in the novel MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors
# Generals' affair

The Generals' Affair (also known as Revers Report, Rapport Revers) was a political-military scandal that happened under the French Fourth Republic during the First Indochina War. It lasted from September 1949 to November 1950.

## Revers Mission (May–June 1949)

French Army Chief of Staff General Georges Revers was sent to French Indochina in the summer of 1949 to inquire about the military situation on the ground and the morale of the French troops. The report of his mission was to become known as the Rapport Revers (Revers Report).

## Generals' Affair (September 1949)

The scandal burst in September 1949; by December, General Revers was dismissed.
The Revers Report drew a very pessimistic conclusion about the French situation in Indochina. Revers concluded that France could not realistically continue its colonial presence in the country using military means, and that it would need to seek a "peace of the brave" with the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh. Faced with a lack of manpower and increased Chinese involvement in the country, Revers argued that France should withdraw from the Viet Minh-held northern regions and instead focus on holding areas around the Red River Delta.
Due to gross negligence, the confidential report soon fell into the hands of the Viet Minh, who broadcast it on radio in August 1949, deeply embarrassing the French.
In France, the newly created news magazine, L'Express, which was the first one in France, also published a part of the confidential report.
Following this, a fight on Paris bus between a French soldier and Vietnamese student led to the discovery of more than 70 copies, and that the report had been shared widely around Paris' Vietnamese community.

## Generals' Affair Commission of Inquiry (January 1950)

In January 1950, the National Assembly of France created a Commission of Inquiry about the Generals' Affair.

## Jules Moch's trial (November 1950)

On November 28, 1950, the National Assembly of France brought socialist Defense Minister Jules Moch (SFIO) to court over the Generals' Affair. This
# Geithus

Geithus is a village in Modum municipality of Buskerud, Norway. It is situated between the villages of Åmot and Vikersund.
Geithus is located where the southwestern arm of Tyrifjorden ends and drains into Drammenselva. Geithusbrua is a cable bridge, that spans the junction where Tyrifjorden turns into Drammenselva. There are two hydroelectric powerplants; Geithusfoss kraftverk and Gravfoss kraftverk. The area around Geithus in forested. Originally, there was an active pulp and paper industry in Geithus principally through the operation of Katfos Fabrikker. Production of paper, pulp and cellulose started in 1898. The operating was sold to Norske Skog Follum in 1970 and production stopped in 1983.
There is a forty-minute trip to Drammen, and a little over an hour to Oslo. Until 2004, you could get to Geithus by train. Geithus rail station (Geithus stasjon) was built in 1875 as part of the Randsfjorden Line. Today it is closed, even though locals have demanded to get their station back.
# Genista florida

Genista florida is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Fabaceae.

## Description

Very branched shrub that can reach up to 3 m. The stems have 8 to 10 slightly hairy T-shaped ribs. Leaves alternate entire, with a single lanceolate leaflet and stipulate. Flowers in clusters of up to 30 yellow florets. Flowers from May to July. Pod-shaped fruit with up to 6 seeds.

## Distribution and habitat

It grows in degraded forests, clearings and heaths, in most of the Iberian Peninsula. It prefers dry, acid and nitrogen-poor soils. Resists cold weather well.

## Taxonomy

Genista florida was described by Carl Nilsson Linnæus and published in Systema Naturae, Editio Decima 2: 1157. 1759.
Cytology
Chromosome number of Genista florida (Fam. Leguminosae) and infraspecific taxa: n=24; 2n=48.
Etymology
Genista: generic name from Latin. The Plantagenet kings and queens of England took their name from it: Genesta plant or genest plant, in allusion to a story that states that, when William the Conqueror embarked for England, he plucked a plant that was tenaciously clinging to a rock and put it in his helmet as a symbol of his own tenacity in his risky task. The plant was called the genista plant in Latin. This is a good story, but unfortunately William the Conqueror came long before the Plantagenets and it was actually Geoffrey of Anjou who was nicknamed the Plantagenet, because he wore a sprig of yellow broom flowers on his helmet as a badge (genêt is the French name for the broom bush), and it was his son, Henry II, who became the first Plantagenet king. Other historical explanations are that Geoffrey planted this shrub as a hunting cover or that he used it to whip himself. It was not until Richard of York, the father of both kings Edward IV and Richard III, that members of this family adopted the name Plantagenet, and then it was retroactively applied to the descendants of Geoffrey I of Anjou as the dynastic name.
florida: Latin epithet meaning "with flowers".
Synonymy
* Genista leptoclada Spach
* Genista polygalifolia DC.
* Genista polygaliphylla Brot.

## Common names

Spanish: abulaga, apiorno, aulaga, bereza, bolaga (2), canillero, cayomba, chinestra, escoba (4), escoba blanca, escoba serraniega, escoba verde (2), escobón (7), espiorno (2), flor de teñir portuguesa, flor de tintoreros (2), genista (3), ginesta pequeña, ispiorno, peorno (3), pierno, piornal, piornera, piorno (16), piorno albar, piorno amarillo, piorno blanco, piorno dos tintureiros, piornu (2), piornu albar (2), piornu morisco (2), retama (6), retama blanca (9), retamón, trampas, xiniesta (2), zusca (in parentheses is the number of species with the same name in Spain).
# Genital frenectomy

Genital frenectomy is a frenectomy (removal of a frenulum) performed on genital tissue, and may refer to:
* Frenulum of labia minora (may be termed "labia frenectomy")
* Frenulum of prepuce of penis (may be termed "penis frenectomy")
# Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci

Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci (GRAIL) is a free web application developed by Soumya Raychaudhuri at the Broad Institute with the goal of determining the relationships among genes in different disease associated loci through statistical analysis.

## Mode of operation

When single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) as being possibly linked to a human disease, GRAIL works by comparing those with SNPs already identified in the scientific literature as being tied to the disease (using a text-mining algorithm going through PubMed abstracts), and determines the degree of functional connectivity among the associated genes. SNPs identified with this method have been shown to be replicated in independent sets at a much higher probability than randomly selected ones. GRAIL has also demonstrated better performance than other published algorithms.
However, the software is still in its Beta phase, and has shown varied levels of success depending on the phenotype in question.
# Geoffrey Foot

Geoffrey Foot may refer to
* Geoffrey Foot (politician) (1915–2009), Tasmanian politician
* Geoffrey Foot (film editor) (1915–2010), British film editor
# Megachile basalis

Megachile basalis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.
# Gideon Yego

Gideon Yego (born 28 August 1965) is a retired Kenyan athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.
He won silver medals at the 1987 All-Africa Games (in 110 metres hurdles), the 1990 Commonwealth Games, the 1990 African Championships and the 1991 All-Africa Games, the latter in a career best time of 49.09 seconds.
He also competed at the 1988 and 1992 Olympic Games as well as the 1991 World Championships without reaching the final.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Kenya ||||||
| 1987 | All-Africa Games | Nairobi, Kenya | 2nd | 110 m hurdles | 14.24 |