OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MP3Gain

MP3Gain is an audio normalization software tool. The tool is available on multiple platforms and is free software. It analyzes the MP3 and reversibly changes its volume. The volume can be adjusted for single files or as album where all files would have the same perceived loudness. It is an implementation of ReplayGain. In 2015 Debian and Ubuntu removed it from their repositories due to a lack of an active maintainer.

## MP3Gain Technical details

MP3Gain first computes the desired gain (volume adjustment), either per track or per album, using the ReplayGain algorithm. It then modifies the overall volume scale factor in each MP3 frame, and writes undo information as a tag (in APEv2, or ID3v2 format) making this a reversible process. The scale factor modification can be reversed using the information in the added tag and the tag may be removed. MP3Gain does not introduce any digital generation loss because it does not decode and re-encode the file.

## AACGain Technical details

MP3Gain is unable to change the volume on AAC or MP4 files. A mod called AACGain exists that can be used as super-set drop-in replacement in most front-ends originally created for MP3Gain. The audio file must be AAC inside a MP4 format container and not raw AAC data file.
# Samuel Booth (politician)

Samuel Booth (July 4, 1818 – October 19, 1894) was an English-American carpenter, builder, politician, and Mayor of Brooklyn.

## Life

Booth was born on July 4, 1818, in England, the son of Thomas Booth and Rebecca. When he was three weeks old, he immigrated with his family to America. The family initially settled in New York City, New York for ten years, at which point they moved to Brooklyn.
After finishing school at 14 Booth became a clerk in the wholesale grocery house of Thomas McLean on Maiden Lane. When he was 16, he became an apprentice for Brooklyn carpenter and builder Elias Combs. In 1843, he began to work on his own, building houses and business blocks. In 1851, he was elected alderman and supervisor of the Fourth Ward as a Whig. As supervisor, he personally supervised the construction of the county penitentiary as well as the county courthouse. He declined a re-election in 1855, but in 1857 he was elected supervisor and was continuously re-elected until 1865, by then a member of the Republican Party. He was also appointed a member of the board of education for two years.
In 1865, Booth was elected Mayor of Brooklyn. He served in that office for two years, but was hampered by the majority of the board of aldermen. In 1869, he was appointed Postmaster of Brooklyn.
Booth never married. He was an active member of the Hanson Place Methodist Church, and served as superintendent of its Sunday School.
Booth died at home on October 19, 1894. He was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.
# Delalande's sand frog

Delalande's sand frog (Tomopterna delalandii), also known as Delalande's frog, Cape sand frog, or striped pixie, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to western and southern South Africa and occurs in the low-lying areas of Namaqualand, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape as far east as Cape St. Francis.

## Etymology

The specific name delalandii honours Pierre Antoine Delalande, a French explorer and naturalist who collected in the Cape area in 1818.

## Description

Tomopterna delalandii is a robust-bodied species with toad-like appearance and gait. Females can reach 50 mm (2.0 in) in snout–vent length. The head is broad and the eyes are large and bulging. The legs are relatively short. There are no finger or toe discs but the toes have some webbing. The upper parts vary in colouration from light grey to dark brown, usually with a mottled appearance and a pale patch between the shoulders. There is also usually a pale vertebral stripe, and often a pale stripe on either side of the body. Males have a dark throat.
The male advertisement call is a series of short ringing notes, with about 6–8 notes per second.

## Habitat and conservation

The species occurs in fynbos heath land and succulent karroo shrubland, and it can also live in agricultural land. Breeding takes place in both temporary and semi-permanent bodies of water found in pans, pools, vleis and dams, in flat, sandy areas. It is a very abundant species that occurs in several protected areas. It can be locally threatened by habitat loss caused by the spread of alien vegetation and agricultural and urban expansion.
# Maps in a Mirror

Maps in a Mirror (1990) is a collection of short stories by American writer Orson Scott Card. Like Card's novels, most of the stories have a science fiction or fantasy theme. Some of the stories, such as "Ender's Game", "Lost Boys", and "Mikal's Songbird" were later expanded into novels. Each of the smaller volumes that make up the larger collection as a whole are centered on a theme or genre. For instance, Volume 1, The Changed Man, reprints several of Card's horror stories. The collection won the Locus Award in 1991.

## Publication history

Most of the stories appearing in the book are reprints of stories which were first published in science fiction and fantasy periodicals.
The book has been published as a single large volume, as a two volume set and as a four volume set. However, only the single volume editions contain: Book 5: Lost Songs, The Hidden Stories.

### Single volume

* Maps in a Mirror (1990) Tor Books ISBN 0-312-85047-6
* Maps in a Mirror (1991) Legend Books ISBN 0-7126-4854-2

### Two volume set

* Maps in a Mirror Volume 1 (1992) Legend Books ISBN 0-09-988470-4
* Maps in a Mirror Volume 2 (1992) Legend Books ISBN 0-09-988480-1

### Four volume set

* The Changed Man (1992) Tor Books ISBN 0-8125-3365-8
* Flux (1992) Tor Books ISBN 0-8125-1685-0
* Monkey Sonatas (1993) Tor Books ISBN 0-8125-2367-9
* Cruel Miracles (1992) Tor Books ISBN 0-8125-2304-0

## Story list

The short stories in this book are:

### Book 1 – The Changed Man: Tales of Dread

In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "The Hanged Man: Tales of Dread".
* "Eumenides in the Fourth Floor Lavatory"
* "Quietus"
* "Deep Breathing Exercises"
* "Fat Farm"
* "Closing the Timelid"
* "Freeway Games"
* "A Sepulchre of Songs"
* "Prior Restraint"
* "The Changed Man and the King of Words"
* "Memories of My Head"
* "Lost Boys"

### Book 2 – Flux: Tales of Human Futures

* "A Thousand Deaths"
* "Clap Hands and Sing"
* "Dogwalker"
* "But We Try Not to Act Like It"
* "I Put My Blue Genes On"
* "In the Doghouse"
* "The Originist"

### Book 3 – Monkey Sonatas: Fables and Fantasies

In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "Maps in a Mirror: Fables and Fantasies".
* "Unaccompanied Sonata"
* "A Cross-Country Trip to Kill Richard Nixon"
* "The Porcelain Salamander"
* "Middle Woman"
* "The Bully and the Beast"
* "The Princess and the Bear"
* "Sandmagic"
* "The Best Day"
* "A Plague of Butterflies"
* "The Monkeys Thought 'Twas All in Fun"

### Book 4 – Cruel Miracles: Tales of Death, Hope, and Holiness

* "Mortal Gods"
* "Saving Grace"
* "Eye for Eye"
* "St. Amy's Tale"
* "Kingsmeat"
* "Holy"

### Book 5 – Lost Songs: The Hidden Stories

* "Ender's Game"
* "Mikal's Songbird"
* "Prentice Alvin and the No-Good Plow"
* "Malpractice"
* "Follower"
* "Hitching"
* "Damn Fine Novel"
* "Billy's Box"
* "The Best Family Home Evening Ever"
* "Bicicleta"
* "I Think Mom and Dad Are Going Crazy, Jerry"
* "Gert Fram"
# Sideroxylon peninsulare

Sideroxylon peninsulare is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to two spots on the southern end of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.
# Sidi Abdelkhaleq

Sidi Abdelkhaleq is a small town and rural commune in Berrechid Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. In the 2014 Moroccan census the commune recorded a population of 6122 people living in 1007 households. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5933 people living in 876 households.
# Sidney Mear

Sidney Mear (June 23, 1918 – March 13, 2016) was an American trumpeter and professor at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York. He studied with Herbert L. Clarke and Bohumir Kryl as a child in Whitewater, Wisconsin, and with Pattee Evenson at Eastman.
His solo performances were featured on many national radio broadcasts, including the hit number "Hot Lips", which was recorded in one take without rehearsal. He performed with Edwin Franko Goldman's 60-piece band during the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco.
When he turned 19, Mear accepted a scholarship to attend Eastman School of Music and pursued his ambition to play in a symphony orchestra. He joined the Rochester Philharmonic three years later in 1940. His music is featured on recordings with the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra on the Mercury Living Presence record label. The CDs include solo performances in Samuel Barber's Capricorn Concerto, Copland's Quiet City, and Leroy Anderson's Trumpeter's Lullaby, which was recorded in a single take without rehearsal. From 1940 through 1942, Mear was a member of the Orquesta Sinfonica de Mexico under Carlos Chávez and in 1946 toured the United States and Canada with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy.
Sidney Mear was married to Elizabeth Irvine Fetter and had five children. His father, Samuel Edgar Mear, was a cornetist and composer and one of the earliest members of the American Bandmasters Association.
# Sidney Michaels

Sidney Michaels (August 17, 1927 – April 22, 2011, aged 83) was an American playwright best known for the early and mid 1960s works Tchin-Tchin, Dylan, and Ben Franklin in Paris.
# Marcus Hall

Marcus Thomas Jackson Hall (born 24 March 1976) is an English former footballer who played as a defender from 1994 until 2011.
He had two spells with Coventry City, playing in the Premier League in his first, as well as playing in the Football League for Nottingham Forest, Stoke City and Northampton Town. He was also contracted to Southampton whilst a Premier League team but failed to make any appearances. During the 1996–97 campaign he was handed 8 England U21 caps, scoring twice.

## Club career

Hall was born in Coventry and began his career with his local side, Coventry City. He progressed through the youth ranks at Highfield Road and made his debut against Tottenham Hotspur on New Year's Eve in 1994–95 with the "Sky Blues" losing 4–0. His first start was a televised home match against Manchester United which Hall described as a 'frightening experience'. Hall spent eight seasons with the Sky Blues making 157 appearances scoring four goals. He left Coventry to join Nottingham Forest in the 2002–03 season, but only played one game against Portsmouth for Forest before moving back to the Premier League with Southampton where he failed to make an appearance.
Hall joined Stoke City in December 2002. He played in 27 matches in 2002–03 helping the club avoid relegation on the final day of the season. In 2003–04 Hall played in 38 matches as Stoke finished in mid-table. He played in 22 matches in 2004–05 and scored his only goal for Stoke against Derby County on 30 August 2004. He made a return to Coventry City in January 2005 on a free transfer.
He spent the next six seasons with Coventry making 151 appearances and was granted a testimonial match against Everton following 10 years of service with Coventry which ended in a 2–2 draw. At the end of the 2009–10 season, Coventry City told Hall he was surplus to requirements and he was subsequently released. Hall signed for Northampton Town on a one-year deal on 1 August 2010. In May 2011, along with seven other players, he was told his contract would not be renewed by the club after making 28 appearances.

## International career

Hall is a former captain of the England U21s, and has scored goals at this level. He has also played in an England B international.

## Career statistics

Source:
* ↑ Appearance in Football League Trophy
# Mar Thoma Sleeha Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral (Bellwood, Illinois)

Mar Thoma Sleeha Cathedral is a Syro-Malabar Catholic cathedral located in Bellwood, Illinois, United States. It is the seat for the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chicago. The church was dedicated on July 5, 2008, by Cardinal Mar Varkey Vithaythil. The grotto on the cathedral grounds was dedicated by Major Archbishop George Alencherry in October 2011.
* Interior
* Stained glass windows
* Cathedra
* Marian shrine
# Silky Oldfield mouse

The silky Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Colombia.
# Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély

Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély may refer to:
* Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1351) during the Hundred Years' War
* Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1569)
* Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1621) during the Wars of Religion
# Margherita Parini

Margherita Parini (born 1 September 1972) is an Italian snowboarder.
She was born in Aosta. She competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics, in giant slalom. Her achievements at the World Championships include a bronze medal in the giant slalom in 1997, and a gold medal in giant slalom in 1999.
# Worcester Warriors (ice hockey)

The Worcester Warriors were a professional ice hockey team located in Worcester, Massachusetts. They played 2 seasons from 1954–1956, the first year in the Eastern Hockey League and the second in the Atlantic Hockey League. The city is now home to the Worcester Railers HC of the ECHL.
# Dixon Foster

William Dixon Foster (December 24, 1888 – May 6, 1973) was an American football, basketball and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach (1917, 1919), head men's basketball coach (1916–1920) and head baseball coach (1917–1920) at the University of South Carolina.
Foster was a graduate of Hampden–Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| South Carolina Gamecocks (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1917) ||||||
| 1917 | South Carolina | 3–5 | 2–3 | T–9th |
| South Carolina Gamecocks (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1919) ||||||
| 1919 | South Carolina | 1–7–1 | 0–4–1 | 20th |
| South Carolina: | South Carolina: | 4–12–1 | 2–7–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 4–12–1 | | |
# Fritz Cohen

Frederic Alexander "Fritz" Cohen (born 23 June 1904, Bonn, German Empire, died 9 March 1967, New York, United States) was a German composer best known for writing the music for Kurt Jooss's ballets.

## Career

Cohen was born in Bonn, Germany, on June 23, 1904, to Frederic (Fritz) Cohen and Hedwig Cohen. He studied at the Leipzig and Cologne conservatories and the University of Bonn, focusing on musical theater.
Between 1924 and 1934, Cohen worked with several major German theaters and dance groups. He served as the opera director, composer, and conductor for the municipal theaters of Würzburg and Münster. It was in the latter city that he composed his first piece for Kurt Jooss, for the ballet Tragedy (1926). He was also the music director for the Yvonne Georgi company in Hanover for a time.
In 1932, he became the music director and resident pianist for Jooss's company at the Folkwangschule in Essen, beginning a decade of intensive collaboration with Jooss. Cohen wrote the music for ten of Jooss's major works, including Suite (1929), The Green Table (1932), The Prodigal Son (1933), The Mirror (1935), and A Spring Tale (1939). The expressionist anti-war work The Green Table, which is considered his masterpiece, has been recorded numerous times. In addition to his original compositions for Jooss, he also arranged the music for a number of ballets based on the work of such composers as Henry Purcell and Johann Strauss.
In 1927, Cohen married one of Jooss's dancers, Elsa Kahl, who subsequently worked under her married name of Elsa Kahl Cohen.
Around 1932, the Nazis began pressuring Jooss to fire the Jewish members of his company, such as Cohen. Fritz and Elsa accompanied Jooss when he moved most of his company to new headquarters on the Dartington Hall estate in England beginning in 1933.
After Ballets Jooss disbanded in 1942, Cohen resumed his prior career as an opera director, working both freelance and for a time with the Juilliard Opera Theatre, where he directed over 30 productions, including a number of American premieres. He also taught at Black Mountain College for a time in the 1940s.
Miscellaneous papers relating to the careers of Fritz and Elsa Cohen are held in the Dartington Hall Trust Archive in the United Kingdom.

## References and sources

* 1 2 3 4 Studwell, William E. Minor Ballet Composers: Biographical Sketches of Sixty-Six Underappreciated Yet Significant Contributors. Haworth Press, 1997.
* 1 2 3 4 Markard, Ann, and Kurt Jooss. The Green Table: The Labanotation Score, Text, Photographs, and Music. Ann Hutchinson Guest, ed. The Language of Dance Series No. 8. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.
* 1 2 Walther, Suzanne K. "Remembrance of Anna Jooss-Markard". Magazine.Art, New York Dance & Arts Innovations, 2011.
* ↑ "Kurt Jooss". Dartington website.
* ↑ Bennis, Warren, and Patricia Ward Biederman. Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration. Basic Books, 1997.
* ↑ Rogoff, Leonard (2010-04-15). Down Home. University of North Carolina Press. p. 250. doi:10.5149/9780807895993_rogoff. ISBN 978-0-8078-3375-9.
# Swadhin Kumar Sarkar

Swadhin Kumar Sarkar is an Indian politician and a Member of Bhartiya Janta Party. He was MLA from Baishnabnagar-54 constituency from the period of 2016 to 2021. He lost the election in 2021 WBLA elections.

## Early life

Sarkar was born to Dwijinder Nath Sarkar. He hails from the village Sarkartola in Malda district of West Bengal. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Bangabasi College in 1981.

## Political career

In the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Sarkar defeated his nearest rival Azizul Haque of Indian National Congress by 4,497, thus becoming one of three MLAs of Bharatiya Janata Party to be elected in West Bengal Legislative Assembly.
# Jiangxia Commandery

Jiangxia Commandery (Chinese: 江夏郡) was a Chinese commandery that existed from Han dynasty to Tang dynasty. Its territories were located in present-day eastern Hubei province.

## History

Jiangxia Commandery was established during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. In the Western Han dynasty, the commandery consisted of 14 counties: Xiling (西陵), Jingling (竟陵), Xiyang (西陽), Xiang (襄), Zhu (邾), Dai (軑), E (鄂), Anlu (安陸), Shaxian (沙羨), Qichun (蘄春), Meng (鄳), Yundu (雲杜), Xiazhi (下雉) and Zhongwu (鍾武). The total population in 2 AD was 219,218 individuals, in 56,844 households. During the Eastern Han period, Xiang and Zhongwu counties were abolished, while Pingchun (平春) and Nanxinshi (南新市) were added. By 140 AD, the population had grown to 265,464, in 58,434 households.
As the Han dynasty fell, Jiangxia was divided between Cao Wei and Eastern Wu. The seat was moved first to Shiyang (石陽, formerly part of Xiling County), and then to Anlu. In 221, Sun Quan added 4 counties of Jiangxia under his control to the newly formed Wuchang Commandery (武昌郡), with E as its seat. When Jin dynasty reunited China (280 AD), Jiangxia had 7 counties, namely Anlu, Yundu, Quling (曲陵), Pingchun, Meng, Jingling and Nanxinshi. The population was 24,000 households. Later, the commandery was further divided, and the seat was moved to Xiakou (夏口, in present-day Yunmeng County), where northern refugees from Runan were accommodated. In 464, the population was 23,810 individuals in 5,072 households. The commandery was abolished in early Sui dynasty.
In Sui dynasty and early Tang dynasty, Jiangxia Commandery became an alternative name of E Prefecture. The commandery administered 6 counties: Jiangxia (present-day Wuchang), Wuchang, Tangnian (唐年), Puqi (浦圻), Hanyang, and Chachuan (汊川). In 742, it had a population 84,563 individuals, in 19,190 households.
# Diadenylate cyclase

Diadenylate cyclase EC 2.7.7.85, DNA integrity scanning protein DisA is a DNA binding protein participates in a DNA-damage check-point. DisA forms globular foci that rapidly scan along the chromosomes searching for lesions. Catalytic activity
    2 ATP $\rightleftharpoons$ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-adenylate.
This enzyme has diadenylate cyclase activity, catalyzing the condensation of 2 ATP molecules into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP). c-di-AMP likely acts as a signaling molecule that may couple DNA integrity with a cellular process. This rate-limiting step is the accessibility of the active site; mutating the possible exit tunnel (residues 128-130) increases product 2-fold despite Arg-130 being important for ATP-binding. Does not convert GTP to c-di-GMP.
# Maashees en Overloon

Maashees en Overloon was a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It included the villages of Maashees and Overloon.
Maashees en Overloon existed until 1942, when it was merged into Vierlingsbeek.
Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk.
# Maadi Community Church

The Maadi Community Church (abbreviated as MCC) rents space in Maadi, an affluent suburb of Egypt's capital city Cairo. It meets under a tent canopy outdoors erected in 1994 on the grounds of the Church of St. John the Baptist. A church in the Anglican diocese of Egypt, North Africa and the Horn of Africa.

## History

The Maadi Community Church has been serving the English-speaking community of Cairo since 1947 when primarily Americans met for a periodic Sunday morning community service. This group developed into the present Maadi Community Church and established a constitution and called William Elmer as its first pastor in 1956. Dr. Otto F.A. Meinardus then served as pastor from 1957 to 1967. In June 2000, Maadi Community Church was formally recognized by Egyptian authorities as an independent international church under the name Evangelical International Church, though it still goes by the name "Maadi Community Church. MCC is under the authority of the Protestant Church of Egypt (Meglis al Milli).
The church experienced rapid growth under the leadership of David G. Petrescue, pastor of the church from 1992 to his death in Cairo on September 5, 2006. Pastor Petrescue articulated a visionary strategy from the Judges 15:4-5, enabling his congregation to become Egypt’s largest expatriate church. In that passage, Samson set the tails of foxes on fire, making them run, destroying the fields of the Philistines. Following this parable, Petrescue saw as the church's mission to foster evangelism among expatriate Christians in Egypt who would then move to other places throughout the world. Petrescue helped the church grow from around 150 people in 1992 to a congregation of 1,200 in 2006, representing more than 40 denominations and 40 nations. Maadi Community Church is involved in church planting of the Sudanese Community Church and Africa Community Church (serving many different African nations), leadership training, small groups, and outreach to Sudanese refugees in Egypt. For decades, one highlight of the year is the annual Christmas Pageant with music, drama, and live animals in early December.
In the 2000s, MCC developed further compassion and development activities in Egypt. These activities have resulted in African Hope Learning Center, a primary and secondary school for refugees; Maadi Community School, a primary and secondary school with a Christian foundation; Petrescue Bible Institute (formerly Victory Bible Institute) to train African pastors; Prison Ministry to bring food, blankets, medicine, and bible study material to Kanatar men and women's prisons; Maadi Women's Guild Benevolence that serves poor and disadvantaged populations around Cairo; and Healing Grace Ministries which is a child-sponsorship program providing food, medicine, clean water, and spiritual training in villages in the Minya province. MCC also has programs for youth, children, women, adult classes throughout the week, plus an intercessory prayer ministry.
Dr. Steven R. Flora has been serving as senior pastor of the church from May 2008 to mid-to-late 2018 before returning to the US. The church is currently searching for a senior pastor.