OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stab (Luftwaffe designation)

The German language term Stab (literal translation: "staff") was used during World War II to designate a headquarters unit of the German Luftwaffe (air force). There were Stab units at the level of a Gruppe or Geschwader – units that were equivalent to wings and groups in the air forces of the English-speaking world. Stab units directly controlled aircraft as well as controlling those belonging to subordinate units.
These command units used the mandated blue or green "staff aircraft" colour for the third character (the individual aircraft's letter) of their alphanumeric Geschwaderkennung wing code, to distinguish their aircraft from the rest of air units in the same unit. These units were divided in the following form, for the fourth and last character normally used to distinguish individual Staffeln (squadrons) from the letter "H" onwards in Luftwaffe wing codes:
* Geschwader Stab = A (third letter blue)
* Stab I Gruppe ("Staff Unit, I Group") = B (third letter green)
* Stab II Gruppe = C (third letter green)
* Stab III Gruppe = D (third letter green)
* Stab IV Gruppe = F (third letter green)
* Stab V Gruppe = G (third letter green)
On some occasions they also used letters Q, I, J, W and others, or numbers, but these were used less commonly. As day fighter Jagdgeschwader combat wings did not use the Geschwaderkennung four-character alphanumeric code system for aircraft identification, as one example, the all-jet Jagdgeschwader 7 Nowotny and piston-engined Jagdgeschwader 300 Wilde Sau fighter wings, these used the red-blue or blue-white-blue Reich Defense (German Reich metropolitan defense) rear fuselage bands of 90 cm total width respectively, for their Stabsschwarm units. Under the cockpit, the rank of the air commander might have been indicated via a rank sign, with or without additional letters as mentioned above.
For example:
* An airplane codified "A", green in colour, with D/St.III/St.G.77, indicated it was a member of Stab III of Stukageschwader (Dive Bomber Wing) No. 77.
* An airplane codified "G", green in colour, with a little white tank (Panzer) painting near the cockpit, and S.G. 1, indicated it was a member of Stab of Schlachtgeschwader (Ground Attack Wing) no. 1.
# Merrick State Park

Merrick State Park is a 322-acre (130 ha) Wisconsin state park on the Mississippi River north of Fountain City. The park is bordered by the lands and waters of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

## Activities and amenities

* Camping: The park has three campgrounds (North, South, Island) with a total of 65 individual campsites.
* Boating: Two ramps accommodate both motorized and non-motorized boaters and fishermen.
* The park also has picnic grounds and a playground, hunting, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing.
* Sign along WIS 35
* Mississippi River
# Stade de Marchan

de Marchan is a multi-use stadium in Tangier, Morocco. It is used mostly for football matches and used to be the home ground of IR Tanger. The stadium holds 14,000 people. It was however replaced by Stade de Tanger after the latter's construction was completed.
# Mercado Roma

Mercado Roma ("Roma market") is a public market in the format of a gourmet food hall located on Querétaro street in the Colonia Roma Norte neighborhood of Mexico City. The market stalls offer organic and other food products for sale; stands and counters where visitors can eat a variety of cuisines (pozole, tacos, tapas, hamburgers). Some of the stands are from restaurants or shops well known outside the market, such as Que Bo! chocolates, Azul Mexican food and Butcher's hamburgers.
# Menzies Dickson

Menzies Dickson (c. 1840 – 1891) was a photographer in Hawaii.

## Life

He was born in 1840 in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He served in the Union Navy during the American Civil War. In 1867, he came to the Kingdom of Hawaii from Cincinnati and established a photograph studio on Fort Street in Honolulu. He took many portraits, and some photographs of sights and objects. James J. Williams (1853–1926) worked in his studio, buying it out in 1882. Subjects of his portraits included John Adams Cummins, Archibald Scott Cleghorn, Kalakaua, poi dealer, grass dealer, Kamehameha IV, Kapiolani (1879), Keelikolani, Keelikolani with Parker and Cummins, Leleiohoku, Likelike (1868), Liliuokalani, Major Moehonua, Martin and Moehonua (survivors of Honolulu Courthouse riot of 1874), Queen Emma wearing Niihau lei, Queen Kapiolani, and William Pitt Leleiohoku (1874 or 1876). He also photographed the Princeville plantation in Hanalei, the Punchbowl Crater and Waiuli (Wailua) Lower Falls on Kauai.
After selling his studio to Williams, he went into the ranching business as manager of the Kawailoa ranch in Waialua. Dickson died on May 31, 1891, at his residence in the Palama district of Honolulu.
# Merritt Woods Historic District

The Merritt Woods Historic District is a residential historic district, roughly bounded by Orchard Street, Emmett Street, Chestnut Street, and the northernmost parts of Woodmer Drive and Crest Drive in Battle Creek, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

## History

In 1921, a group of prominent Battle Creek residents began developing a 23-acre tract purchased from Mrs. E.M.C. Merritt. The two original promoters of this exclusive residential area were Attorney Verner W. Main and Architect A.B. Chanel. Chanel, went on to design nine of the houses built in the neighborhood. One of these homes, 9 Woodmer lane, was his own residence, built in 1927. They platted the area into spacious lots, with boundaries following the local topography. Grading of the area was done in 1923, and by 1927 the first two houses had been constructed in the new subdivision. Two more were added in 1928, but the onset of the Great Depression slowed growth, and it was not until 1931 that the next four homes were built. Eight more were built in the 1930s, but the onset of World War II again halted expansion until 1948, when three more houses were built. One more house was built in the 1950s, and the last two were added in the 1960s.
Merritt Woods was developed in an era when the city planning movement was being institutionalized, and the conservation movement in Michigan was just beginning to gather momentum. The respect for the existing features, the careful crafting of deed restrictions, and the establishment of a governing body to enforce and maintain the quality of the development reflected an internalization of the tenets of these movements.

## Description

The Merritt Woods Historic District contains 23 residences, of which 18 contribute to the historic nature of the neighborhood. The houses are located on unusually large lots, with irregular lot lines. The district contains mature oak, hickory, and slippery elm trees. Streets are gently curving, following the terrain. Houses are sited 30 or more feet from the streets. Most of the houses in the district are two-story Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival styles, constructed of brick or stone construction. Some have upper levels clad with stucco, stucco with half timber, clapboard or shakes. All are single family homes containing attached garages.
# Messenger line

A messenger line or just messenger is relatively light cordage used to pull a heavier cable across a gap or through a tube or duct. The term is also used for a line used to pull or lower a package along a downline or jackstay.
A heaving line is a rope with a weighted end which can be thrown relatively easily across a gap. If it is attached to a heavier line, warp, or chain and then used to pull the heavier line across the gap it is being used as a messenger line. The name heaving line refers to the function of pulling the line, and messenger line to the function of transferring the object it is fastened to.

## Applications

* A heaving line thrown from a ship to shore then used to pull the mooring warp from the ship to a bollard.
* A light line installed inside a mast during manufacture, which is later used to reeve a halyard or pull an electrical cable into place.
* A line used to lower a toolbag or equipment along a downline to a diver.
* A line used to lower a weight (messenger) along a taut line to trigger a mechanism. For example: to close the mouth of a towed sampling net.
# Stadion Juliska

Stadion Juliska is a multi-use stadium in Prague-Dejvice, Czech Republic. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Dukla Prague.
The stadium is also used for athletics events, including the annual Josef Odložil Memorial. The stadium seats 8,150 people on individual seats.
In 2012 a statue of former Dukla player and European Footballer of the Year 1962 Josef Masopust was unveiled outside the stadium.

## History

The stadium played host to its first Dukla match on 10 July 1960 in the 1960 Mitropa Cup. In front of a crowd of 10,000, Dukla beat visitors Wiener SK 2–1, with goals from Rudolf Kučera and Jiří Sůra.
In 1997, Dukla Prague vacated the stadium after 49 years in Prague. A redevelopment of the stadium was completed in 2001, costing 28 million Czech koruna. This redevelopment, which included the laying of a new all-weather running track, brought the stadium in line with IAAF standards.
League football returned to Juliska on 4 August 2007, as the new FK Dukla Prague hosted SFC Opava in their first home match after reaching the Czech 2. Liga. The home side missed a penalty and lost 2–1. On 29 July 2011, Juliska hosted its first top flight football fixture since 1 June 1994, the opening fixture of the 2011–12 Czech First League between FK Dukla Prague and SK Sigma Olomouc. The match finished 0–0.
Following Dukla's promotion to the Czech First League in June 2011, the Czech Football Association indicated that a condition of the club's acceptance into the league would be that they install under-soil heating and 2,270 new seats, scheduled to be installed between 23 September and 28 October 2011. On 5 October 2011, it emerged that the club's new under-soil heating would not be ready in time for the league match at home to Jablonec on 22 October, which meant switching the fixture to an alternative stadium in Prague.

## Transport

The ground is served by bus service 131 from Hradčanská metro station to bus stop, Dukla-Juliska. Tram services 8 and 18 run from Dejvická metro station to tram stop Nádraží Podbaba, near the Hotel International.
# Stand by Me (Ernest Tubb album)

Stand by Me is a gospel album by American country singer Ernest Tubb, released in 1966 (see 1966 in music).

## Track listing

* "When Jesus Calls" (Willie Phelps)
* "The Old Rugged Cross" (George Bennard)
* "When I Take My Vacation in Heaven" (Herbert Buffum, R.E. Winsett)
* "Farther Along" (Traditional)
* "May the Good Lord Bless and Keep You" (Meredith Willson)
* "Stand by Me" (Charles Albert Tindley)
* "I Met a Friend" (Charles Fay Smith)
* "When It's Prayer Meeting Time in the Hollow" (Al Rice, Fleming Allan)
* "The Wonderful City" (Elsie McWilliams, Jimmie Rodgers)
* "What a Friend We Have in Jesus" (Charles Crozat Converse, Joseph M. Scriven)
# Stand by Me (John Newman song)

"Stand by Me" is a song by English singer John Newman. The song was released as a digital download on 6 March 2020 by Island Records. The song peaked at number 24 on the Scottish Singles Chart. The song was written by KIDDO, Fredrik Haggstam, John Newman and Litens Anton Nilsson.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Steve Mac – producer, keyboards
* Emma Bertilsson – composer, lyricist
* Fredrik Haggstam – composer, lyricist
* John Newman – composer, lyricist, vocals
* Litens Anton Nilsson – composer, lyricist
* Cherice Kirton – background vocalist
* David Francis – background vocalist
* Emily Holligan – background vocalist
* Trevor Francis – background vocalist
* Chris Laurence – bass
* Richard Pryce – bass
* Steve Pearce – bass guitar
* Caroline Day – cello
* Martin Loveday – cello
* Nick Cooper – cello
* Tony Woollard – cello
* Abbey Ennis – clapping
* Chris Laws – drum programming, recording engineer, studio personnel
* Carlos Garcia – guitar
* Freddy Alexander – guitar
* Phil Tan – mixer, studio personnel
* David Arch – orchestra leader
* Dann Pursey – percussion, recording engineer, studio personnel

## Charts

Chart performance for "Stand by Me" :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 24 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 31 |

## Release history

Release history for "Stand by Me" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 6 March 2020 | Digital downloadstreaming | Island |
# Merindad de Montija

Merindad de Montija is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 868 inhabitants. Its seat is in Villasante de Montija.
# Meritech Capital Partners

Meritech Capital Partners is an American Venture Firm company focused on late-stage venture capital investments in information technology companies with a focus on consumer Internet and media, software and services, enterprise infrastructure, and medical devices. Investments has included the popular online game Roblox, Datadog and Salesforce.

## History

The Palo Alto, California-based firm, was founded in 1999 with sponsorship from Accel Partners, Oak Investment Partners, Redpoint Ventures and Worldview Technology Partners. Since 2003, however, Meritech has independently operated and invested in later-stage technology companies. The firm has raised approximately $2.6 billion since inception across four funds. In July 2014 Meritech raised a $500 million fund with a $65 million sidecar vehicle.
# Stanley Martin Flatté

Stanley Martin Flatté (2 December 1940, Los Angeles – 4 November 2007) was a particle physicist and expert on wave propagation in atmospheric optics, ocean acoustics, and seismology.

## Biography

Flatté received in 1962 a B.S. in physics from California Institute of Technology and in 1966 a Ph.D. in physics from UC Berkeley. After 5 years as a research physicist at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, he joined in 1971 the UC Santa Cruz faculty, where he remained until his retirement in 2004. At UCSC he was affiliated with the Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, the Institute of Marine Sciences, and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. In 1970 he joined JASON.
   In the area of particle physics, the Flatté Parametrization he developed is still used to describe the decay of certain kinds of mesons (fundamental particles made of quarks and antiquarks). Flatté's work on ocean acoustics began in the mid-1970s and continued for more than two decades. He helped develop a new paradigm in understanding sound transmission in the ocean. In the 1990s, he was involved in the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) experiment, which aimed to track the average temperature of the ocean using sound waves.In the area of atmospheric optics, Flatté studied the propagation of light waves through atmospheric turbulence. This work led to a collaboration with Claire Max, a pioneer in the field of adaptive optics for telescopes and now director of the Center for Adaptive Optics at UCSC and a professor of astronomy and astrophysics.In seismology, Flatté contributed to research on the scattering of seismic waves in the deep Earth. Geophysicist Ru-Shan Wu came to UCSC in 1986 to work with Flatté on scattering theory. Thorne Lay, professor of Earth and planetary sciences, said this collaboration led to the development by Wu of important techniques used by the oil exploration industry.
Upon his death, Flatté was survived by his wife, a son, a daughter, and six grandchildren.

## Awards and honors

* Guggenheim Fellow (academic year 1975–1976)
* Fellow of the Optical Society of America (elected 1996)
* Fellow of the American Physical Society (elected 1997)
* Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America
* Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
# Mert Erdoğdu

Mert Erdoğdu (born 30 March 1979 in İzmit) is a Turkish chess player with the FIDE title of Grandmaster. He is the 2016 Turkish Chess Champion.

## Biography

Mert Erdoğdu was born on 30 March 1979 in İzmit. He started playing chess while studying at Galatasaray High School. He earned FIDE titles as FIDE Master (FM) in 2001, International Master (IM) in 2003 and Grand Master (GM) in 2017. He is the thirteenth player to become a grandmaster in Turkish chess history. He competed in the Turkish national team at the Chess Olympiad between 2000 and 2010. Erdoğdu won the 2016 Turkish Chess Championship held in Kocaeli.
In 2018, Erdoğdu was appointed by FIDE as the trainer of the El Salvador Women's National Team in the 1600–1800 Elo category at the 43rd Chess Olympiad.

## Achievements

* 2nd Mediterranean Individual Championship – Champion
* 2016 – Turkish Chess Championship – Champion
# Stanley Goldberg

Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984.
As of 1985, he was Assistant Commissioner for Returns and Information Processing.
He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.
In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.

## Attribution

Material on this page was copied from the website of the United States Tax Court, which is published by a United States government agency, and is therefore in the public domain.
# Star Comics IBH

Star Comics was an Indian comic line published by IBH (India Book House) popular during the 1970s and 1980s. Because the publication had few original characters, it relied heavily upon the license to print comics of popular international characters like Superman, Batman, and James Bond. They also distributed Tarzan and Korak (Tarzan's son) comics published by Kiran Comics under license from Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc. Star Comics was published twice a month for a total of 24 issues every year.

## List of Characters

| Character | Parent Company | Creator |
| Superman | DC Comics, USA | Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster |
| Batman | DC Comics, USA | Bob Kane and Bill Finger |
| James Bond | | Ian Fleming |
| Laurel and Hardy | Larry Harmon Pictures Corporation | Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy |
| Supremo | Star Comics IBH | Pammi Bakshi and Pratap Mullick |
* This article about a comics publishing company is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Meridian 5

Meridian 5 (Russian: Меридиан-5), also known as Meridian No.15L, was a communications satellite launched by the Russian Federal Space Agency which was lost in a launch failure in December 2011. The fifth Meridian spacecraft to be launched, Meridian 5 was to have been deployed into a Molniya orbit with an apogee of 39,000 kilometres (24,000 mi), a perigee of 900 kilometres (560 mi) and 65 degrees of orbital inclination; from which it would have provided communications for the Russian military. It would have been operated by the newly formed Russian Aerospace Defence Forces.
Meridian 5 was launched on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket with a Fregat upper stage, from Site 43/4 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch took place at 12:08 UTC on 23 December 2011, with the rocket performing nominally during first and second stage flight. At 288 seconds after launch, the Blok I third stage's RD-0124 engine ignited to begin its burn. During third stage flight, an anomaly occurred which prevented the rocket from reaching orbit.
An official spokesman stated that the launch had been terminated 421 seconds into flight, by means of the rocket's thrust termination system. Telemetry recorded by NPO Lavochkin, however, indicated that the rocket had veered off course 425 seconds after launch, with data suggesting that there had been an explosion. Another report indicated that the engine had lost thrust 427 seconds after launch. It was the first orbital launch to be conducted by the Aerospace Defence Forces, which had been formed at the beginning of the month.
Debris from the launch fell over the Novosibirsk Oblast in Siberia, near Ordynskoye. One piece of debris fell through the roof of a house in Cosmonaut Street in the village of Vagaitsevo. Despite debris falling in residential areas, no injuries were reported.
# Meridian 4

Meridian 4 (Russian: Меридиан-4), also known as Meridian No.14L, is a Russian military communications satellite. It was launched atop a Soyuz-2-1a/Fregat rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in May 2011.
It is the fourth satellite to be launched as part of the Meridian system to replace the older Molniya series. It was constructed by ISS Reshetnev and is believed to be based on the Uragan-M satellite bus, which has also been used for GLONASS navigation satellites.
Meridian satellites are launched into highly elliptical Molniya orbits to provide communications coverage of the Northern Hemisphere for the Russian military.
# Mežciems

Mežciems (“forest village” in Latvian) is a Latvian place name that may refer to:

## Places

* Mežciems, Daugavpils, a neighbourhood of Daugavpils
* Mežciems, Riga, a neighbourhood of Riga
* Mežciems, Ape municipality, a settlement in Ape municipality
* Mežciems, Carnikava municipality, a settlement in Carnikava municipality
* Mežciems, Jelgava municipality, a settlement in Jelgava municipality
* Mežciems, Bracebridge, Ontario, a cottage community in Bracebridge, Ontario

## Other uses

* Mežciems Station, a railway station in Daugavpils
* Mežciems massacres, part of the Holocaust in Latvia
# Stability testing (pharmaceutical)

In pharmaceutical industry, stability testing is a process that is used to determine the quality of a drug substance or drug product over a period of specified time under specific environmental conditions.
With stability testing, pharmaceutical industry inspects the quality of drug substances and drug products as per the guidelines outlined by US Food and Drug Administration and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use to make sure that they retained the quality over the period of time.
Stability testing depends upon the environmental factors like, light source, humidity and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of the active drug product.
# Mesut İktu

Mesut İktu (Ankara, 22 May 1947) is a Turkish operatic baritone, administrator and voice teacher. He was manager and artistic director of the Turkish State Opera and Ballet 1987-1991 and again 2001-2003.

## Discography

* Türk ezgileri - Turkish Folksongs. Kalan. 2009
* The Art of Turkish Song - Necil Kazım Akses (1908-1999), Ahmet Adnan Saygun (1907-1991), Nevit Kodallı (1924-2009), İlhan Usmanbaş (1921-), Muammer Sun (1932-), Cenan Akın (1932-2006), İlhan Baran (1934-), Cemal Reşit Rey (1904-1985), Ulvi Cemal Erkin (1906-1973), Gürer Aykal (1942-). Mesut Iktu, baritone. Sergey Gavrilov, piano VMS
* Bariton Opera arias - Ahmed Adnan Saygun, Gürer Aykal, Rachmaninoff, Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Verdi, Schubert, Brahms, Mahler and Glinka. cond. Maciej Niesiołowski. Kalan Music 2009.
# Meskala

Meskala is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4,220 people living in 817 households.