OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sea Park (ship)

Sea Park was a sailing ship of 835 Net register tons, built by James Laing & Co at Deptford Yard near South Shields, England, in 1845. The ship took its name from an estate in Morayshire which the owner's brother, John Dunbar, had purchased in 1838. In 1853, the vessel undertook a contract for the British Government, transporting 305 male convicts from London to Western Australia.
In 1854, the ship's owner was Duncan Dunbar, of London. It also operated as an emigrant ship, as its journey to South Australia in 1855 shows. Notably, on this voyage, the ship carried 165 single female passengers, out of the total of 278 passengers embarked. Later journeys are designated as normal without any specific purpose.

## Loss

Sea Park was purchased by Hargrove, Fergusson & Co., of Liverpool in 1863 and, following repairs in a graving dock, set off on what was to be its final voyage, transporting coal from Cardiff to Chile. The ship started taking in water soon after leaving Cardiff and had to put into Falmouth, where it was beached for repairs to the hull. Sea Park then continued its journey without major incident until it reached the South Atlantic, where the master became concerned about the rate at which water was seeping into the hull and decided to divert to Brazil. However, before it could reach land, the ship's pumps could not keep it afloat and so, on 13 July 1864, the ship was abandoned(25°13′S 40°58′W﻿ / ﻿25.217°S 40.967°W﻿ / -25.217; -40.967). Her crew took to three boats. The pinnace, commanded by the ship's mate, landed at Paranaguá, Brazil on 17 July. The twelve crew in the longboat and lifeboat were rescued by the Brazilian barque Fraternidade. News of the loss of the ship, and of the escape of the men in the pinnace, reached Liverpool before the fate of the other men, including the ship's master, were known.
The loss of the Sea Park was the subject of a court case in Liverpool in April 1865. One of the insurers had refused to pay their share of the insured loss on the grounds that the ship had not been seaworthy for a voyage to Chile with a cargo of coal. After considering evidence from numerous expert witnesses over two days, the jury rejected this argument and decided that the Sea Park had been seaworthy when it left England.
# San Lorenzo, Oaxaca

San Lorenzo is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 89.3 km$^2$. It is located in the Jamiltepec District in the west of the Costa Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 5,781.
# Ren Xiujuan

Ren Xiujuan (Chinese: 任秀娟; pinyin: Rèn Xiùjuān; born September 14, 1974, in Dalian, Liaoning) is a female Chinese long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. She represented her country twice in the Olympic marathon, having her best placing of ninth in 1996. She also ranked fifth in the 10,000 metres at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics. She won a global title at the 1996 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, becoming the first Asian person to win that event.
She won the 1995 Beijing Marathon in a time of 2:30:00 and repeated that feat in 1996, improving to 2:27:13 hours. Her final race in Beijing came in 2001, when she placed third in 2:24:22 hours – a personal best.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing China ||||||
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 9th | Marathon | 2:31:21 |
| 1996 | World Half Marathon Championships | Palma, Spain | 1st | Half marathon | 1:10:39 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 5th | 10,000 m | 31:50.63 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 10th | Marathon | 2:27:55 |

## Personal bests

* 5000 metres - 15:49.90 min (2000)
* 10,000 metres - 31:13.21 min (1996)
* Marathon - 2:24:22 hrs (2001)
# Félix Klein

Abbé Félix Klein (12 July 1862 in Château-Chinon (Ville) – December 1953 in Gargenville) was a French priest, theologian and author who taught at the Institut Catholique de Paris. In the United States, he is known as the author of the introduction of Comtesse de Ravilliax's French translation of Walter Elliott's Life of Father Hecker (1896), which started the Americanism controversy. Klein was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1952. Many of Klein's personal papers are kept in the University of Notre Dame Archives.
# Spetchley Park

Spetchley Park is a country mansion standing in 4500 acres of gardens and parkland in the hamlet of Spetchley, near Worcester, England. The house and park are separately Grade II* listed.
The house is built in two storeys of Bath stone with a large tetrastyle Ionic portico entrance. Within the house is a Roman Catholic chapel. The estate has belonged to the Berkeley family, who also own Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, since it was first built in 1606.

## History

The Spetchley estate, once owned by the Sheldon and Lyttleton families, was bought in 1605 by Rowland Berkeley, a wool merchant and banker. His original Tudor house on the site was burned down on the eve of the battle of Worcester, 1651, by disgruntled drunken Scottish Presbyterian Royalists to prevent Oliver Cromwell from using the house for his headquarters. All that remains of the Tudor house today is part of the moat.
After the fire Robert Berkeley, Rowland's son and a High Court judge, converted the stables into living accommodations. The present Palladian house was built in 1811 by a descendant, Robert Berkeley (1764–1845), to designs by the Catholic architect John Tasker. The gardens and park were then developed over the years, most notably by Ellen Willmott, the sister of Rose Berkeley, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Today in the garden at Spetchley very little has changed since Ellen Willmott's day. It is a garden of contrasts: there are walled gardens, a melon yard with its original glasshouses, a horse pool, Victorian conservatory, a delightful Root house, statues, fountains, architectural follies, rose gardens, lakes and bridges, superb herbaceous borders and magnificent specimen trees. As of 2023, the 30 acres were open (for a fee) to the public between April and November.
A famous regular visitor to Spetchley was the composer Edward Elgar, who had gone to a Catholic school on the estate and in later years stayed at Spetchley many times, living in the Garden Cottage. The pine trees nearby are called "Elgar's Pines" and according to his inscription for his hosts in their copy of the score, they inspired him to write parts of The Dream of Gerontius.
In 1940, during World War II, Spetchley was earmarked to be used by Winston Churchill and the Cabinet in the event of London becoming too dangerous during the Blitz, or a successful invasion by the Germans and the subsequent loss of London. After the Battle of Britain, Spetchley was instead used by the USAAF 8th Air Force as a place of recuperation for its pilots – a basketball court was put up on the front lawn.
In 2019, 750 items of the home's contents were listed for sale by auction by the new owner, Henry Berkely who had inherited the property two years earlier. The sale was intended to provide funding for the necessary renovations. Some four years later, Country Life (magazine) detailed the recent improvements, illustrated with updated photographs of the home's interior.
# Oystercatcher Island

Oystercatcher Island is an island off the coast of Western Australia. It is part of the Houtman Abrolhos.
# List of chairmen of the Consultative Assembly of Oman

The chairman of the Consultative Assembly of Oman is appointed by the sultan by royal decree.
This is a list of chairmen (speakers) of the Consultative Assembly of Oman since 1991, and its predecessor, State Consultative Council which lasted from 1981 until 1991:
| Name | Entered office | Left office |
| Khalfan Nasir Al Wahaybi | November 1981 | 28 October 1983 |
| Sheikh Hamoud bin Abdullah al-Harthi | 28 October 1983 | 1991 |
| Abdullah bin Ali al-Qatabi | November 1991 | 8 September 2007 |
| Ahmad al-Isa'i | 9 September 2007 | 28 October 2011 |
| Khalid Al Mawali | 28 October 2011 | Present |

## Sources

* 1 2 Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008. Walter de Gruyter. 22 December 2011. ISBN 9783110930047.
* 1 2 Kechichian, Joseph A. (1 January 2008). Power and Succession in Arab Monarchies: A Reference Guide. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 9781588265562.
* ↑ Europa World Year Book 1985
* ↑ Gulf Studies Programme (School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University) (10 June 1999). India and Oman: history, state, economy, and foreign policy. Gyan Sagar Publications. ISBN 9788186987612.
* ↑ Kechichian, Joseph A. (10 June 1995). Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy. Rand Corporation. ISBN 9780833023322.
* ↑ Arab Parliaments Country Profiles: Oman
* ↑ "Young entrepreneur elected Oman Shura chairman". gulfnews.com.
* ↑ "Oman". New Parline: the IPU’s Open Data Platform (beta). 5 July 2018.
# Type 052B destroyer

The Type 052B (NATO/OSD Luyang I-class destroyer) is a class of guided-missile destroyers in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force (PLAN). The Type 052B was China's first modern destroyer design and the first Chinese design to incorporate true medium-range air defence capability in the form of Russian Shtil-1 (improved navalized Buk, NATO designation SA-N-12) surface-to-air missiles (SAM).
Two ships - Guangzhou and Wuhan - were begun in 2001 and commissioned in July and December 2004 respectively.

## Programme

In the early 2000's, China pursued multiple - and sometimes concurrent - programmes to acquire modern destroyers, purchasing Sovremennys from Russia and constructing the Type 052B, Type 051C, and Type 052C. These ships also represented steps to develop adequate air defense capabilities by adopting Russian air defense technology.; the 25-km range Uragan (navalized Buk, NATO designation SA-N-7) on the Sovremenny; the 35-km range Shtil-1 on the Type 052B; long-range area air defense with the 150-km range Rif-M (navalized S-300, NATO designation SA-N-20) on the Type 051C; and finally the Chinese 100-km range HHQ-9 (S-300 derivative) on the Type 052D.
The Type 052B's air defence capabilities were obsolete upon entering service when compared to contemporary American and Japanese designs. Nonetheless it represented a considerable general improvement over previous Chinese warships and was the precursor to later Chinese air warfare destroyers.

## Design

The hull is based on the Type 051B destroyer with added stealth features.

## Ships of Class

| Number | Pennant number | Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
| 1 | 168 | 广州 / Guangzhou | Jiangnan | 25 May 2002 | 15 July 2004 | South Sea Fleet | Active |
| 2 | 169 | 武汉 / Wuhan | Jiangnan | 9 September 2002 | December 2004 | South Sea Fleet | Active |

## Gallery

* Type 052B destroyer Guangzhou (168) in Saint Petersburg, Russia
* 052B in the South China Sea
* Wuhan (169) in the western Pacific
# Untitled (Rothko)

Untitled is a 1952 painting by the Russian-American Abstract expressionist artist Mark Rothko. It was painted in 1952. In common with Rothko's other works from this period, it consists of large expanses of colour with dark shades.
In 2014, Untitled was bought for $66 million by an anonymous buyer.
# Hersey-Duncan House

Hersey-Duncan House is a historic home located near Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1800, and is a two-story, five-bay, center passage plan dwelling with a gable roof and two-story, stone, rear kitchen wing. It is in a vernacular Federal style. A stuccoed frame, one-story, gable-roof kitchen was added to the north endwall of the main block about 1950 and a two-story frame wing was added to the south side of the rear kitchen wing in the 1930s. Also on the property is a contributing 19th century, stone smokehouse. The house was built by a prominent Red Clay Creek miller in the early 19th century.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Ludwig Jost

Ludwig Jost ForMemRS (born 1865 – 1947) was a German botanist, and university professor.

## Life and work

Jost was born on November 13, 1865, in Karlsruhe, which was then part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
After attending the gymnasium in Karlsruhe, Jost studied natural sciences at the University of Heidelberg, then from 1885, was a student at Kaiser Wilhelm University in Strasbourg. In 1887 he obtained his PhD as a student of Anton de Bary, and later on, worked as an assistant to Karl von Goebel at the University of Marburg. Afterwards, he returned to Strasbourg, where in 1891, he received his habilitation under the sponsorship of Hermann zu Solms-Laubach. In 1894 he became an associate professor, and from 1919 to 1934, he held the chair of botany at the University of Heidelberg.
He earlier research largely dealt with morphological and histological issues — later on, his main field of study involved the physiology of plants; working with subjects such as: growth rhythm, nyctinasty, geotropism, leaf positioning, electrical potential differences on cell walls, et al.
He died February 22, 1947, in Heidelberg.

## Works

* Vorlesungen über Pflanzenphysiologie (Lectures on plant physiology). Fischer, Jena, 1904.
* He edited sections on physiology in seven editions (ed.10, 1910 – ed.16, 1923) of Eduard Strasburger's Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen.
* Der Kampf ums Dasein im Pflanzenreich (The struggle for existence in the plant kingdom). Heitz, Strasbourg 1916 (Strasbourg, Rector's speech of 1 May 1916).
* Führer durch den Botanischen Garten in Heidelberg (Guide to the botanical garden in Heidelberg). Heidelberg 1922 [description of the contemporary state of the garden on the campus]
* with Gerta von Ubisch: Zur Windefrage (The wind question). W. de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1926.
* Die Entstehung der großen Entdeckungen in der Botanik (The emergence of the great discoveries in botany). Speech at the inauguration ceremony on the 18th kingdom January, 1930. Carl Winter, Heidelberg, 1930 (University of Heidelberg speeches; 9).
* Zum hundertsten Geburtstag Anton de Barys. Lebenswerk eines Botanikers des 19. Jahrhunderts (Anton de Bary's centenary year. Life's work of a botanist of the 19th Century). G. Fischer, Jena, 1930.
* Baum und Wald (Tree and forest); J. Springer, Berlin 1936, 2nd, revised edition by Fritz Overbeck. Springer, Berlin / New York / Paris 1952.
# Tristan Psionic

Tristan Psionic was a Canadian indie rock band. The band members also founded the music label Sonic Unyon.

## History

Triston Psionic was formed in 1991 in an industrial warehouse loft in Hamilton, Ontario. The band consisted of vocalist Sandy McIntosh, guitarist Mark Milne, bassist Gary "Wool" McMaster and Wet Spots drummer Doug Lea. The band was named after a pet. This lineup recorded a cassette, Psix Psong Demo.
Tim Potocic replaced Doug on drums in 1993. The band formed its own label, Sonic Unyon Records, to release its albums; their first album was The Sounds of Tristan Psionic. and developed the imprint into one of Canada's largest independent labels.
After Wool's departure, Heimlich Maneuver bassist Peter Kirkpatrick was enlisted to help write and record TPA Flight 028 and was replaced by April Sabucco shortly thereafter. Sabucco was in turn replaced by Rob Higgins on the band's final release, Mind the Gap.

## Discography

* Psix Psong Demo (Indie Cassette, 1992)
* The Sounds of Tristan Psionic (Sonic Unyon, 1994)
* TPA Flight 028 (Sonic Unyon, 1996)
* Mind the Gap (Sonic Unyon, 2000)

### Other releases

* The Allied Nations Victory (Sonic Unyon, 1999), split 7-inch with Primrods
# Tōdō Heisuke

Tōdō Heisuke (藤堂 平助, 1844 – December 13, 1867) was a samurai of Japan's late Edo period who served as the eighth unit captain of the Shinsengumi. His full name was Tōdō Heisuke Fujiwara no Yoshitora.

## Background

Tōdō was from Edo, Musashi Province (now Tokyo). Very little is known about his origin. Although he was said to be an illegitimate child of Tōdō Takayuki, the 11th generation lord of the Tsu domain, this is highly debatable. However, one argument some use in favor of this theory is the fact that he possessed a sword made by Kazusa no suke Kaneshige, who was a swordmaker under the patronage of the Tsu domain; and that such a sword would be difficult for a mere rōnin to obtain, even by heritage. Another point that suggests possible Tsu domain heritage is his formal given name 諱 (imina), Yoshitora (宜虎), which shares a character in common with the name of the first Tōdō lord of Tsu, Tōdō Takatora (藤堂高虎).
Tōdō was a practitioner of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū, trained at Chiba Shusaku Narimasa's dojo. However, according to some sources, he was trained at Itō Kashitarō's dojo instead.
In around 1862, he started "taking his meals" at Kondo Isami's Shieikan.

## Shinsengumi period

In 1863, Tōdō joined the Rōshigumi with Kondō and other members of the Shieikan. After the Shinsengumi was formed, Tōdō first became a fukuchō jokin (assistant vice commander). Tōdō was the youngest unit captain of Shinsengumi.
Sources vary as to his role in the Serizawa Kamo (one of the original commanders of the Shinsengumi) assassination.
Tōdō received a wound on his forehead during the Ikedaya incident on July 8, 1864. He then became the captain of the eighth unit in 1865.

## Death

Tōdō, having joined Itō Kashitarō's breakaway Goryō Eji (御陵衛士) group, left the Shinsengumi. While with the help of six other defectors, attempting to retrieve the body of Itō who was killed earlier, he was killed along with Hattori Takeo and Mônai Arinosuke in an ambush by the Shinsengumi during the Aburanokōji incident in Aburanokōji, Kyoto on December 13, 1867. Their bodies were left there for 3 days before they were buried first in Kōen-ji, Kyoto. Later they were moved and interred in Kaikō-ji, Kyoto.
According to Nagakura Shinpachi's Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki, Kondō had wished to spare Tōdō's life. However, Tōdō was killed by a new member, Miura Tsunesaburō, who did not know the circumstances.
# Lusakert, Ararat

40°02′42″N 44°32′23″E﻿ / ﻿40.04500°N 44.53972°E﻿ / 40.04500; 44.53972
Lusakert (also, Arpavar) is a town in the Ararat Province of Armenia.
# Regional Development Corporation

The Regional Development Corporation is a crown corporation in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It administers a number of programs charged with promoting economic development in the various regions of New Brunswick.
* This article about a Canadian corporation or company is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fusion splicing

Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The source of heat used to melt and fuse the two glass fibers being spliced is usually an electric arc, but can also be a laser, a gas flame, or a tungsten filament through which current is passed.

## Governing standards

ANSI/EIA/TIA-455
# Spontaneous conception

Spontaneous conception is the conception and birth of a child naturally, without the use of in vitro fertilisation or other forms of assisted reproductive technology. There is an overall 18% chance of spontaneous conception after an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, but that chance rose to 37% among younger women (less than 27 years). The likelihood also depends on the sperm performance of the man and the egg count of the woman.
# Oyler v. Boles

Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448 (1962), was a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States.

## Syllabus

A West Virginia habitual criminal statute provided for a mandatory life sentence upon the third conviction "of a crime punishable by confinement in a penitentiary." The increased penalty is to be invoked by an information filed by the prosecuting attorney "immediately upon conviction and before sentence." In such proceedings, in which they were represented by counsel and did not request continuances or raise any matters in defense, but did concede the applicability of the statute to the circumstances of their cases, petitioners were sentenced to life imprisonment. Subsequently they petitioned the state supreme court (the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia) for writs of habeas corpus, alleging that the Act had been applied without advance notice and to only a minority of those subject to its provisions, in violation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. Their petitions were denied by the court.
The Supreme Court held that:
* Due process does not require advance notice that the trial on the substantive offense will be followed by a habitual criminal accusation. It does require a reasonable opportunity to defend against such an accusation, but the records show that petitioners were not denied such an opportunity (pp. 368 U.S. 451-454).
* The failure to proceed against other offenders because of a lack of knowledge of prior offenses or because of the exercise of reasonable selectivity in enforcement does not deny equal protection to persons who are prosecuted, and petitioners did not allege that the failure to prosecute others was due to any other reason (pp. 368 U.S. 454-456).
The Supreme Court affirmed, 5-4. Associate Justice Tom C. Clark wrote the opinion of the court, and was joined by Justices Felix Frankfurter, Charles Evans Whittaker, Potter Stewart, and John Marshall Harlan II. Harlan wrote a separate concurring opinion. Justice William O. Douglas wrote the dissenting opinion, joined by Chief Justice Earl Warren and Justices William J. Brennan, Jr. and Hugo Black.