OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waldhufendorf

The Waldhufendorf ("forest village"; plural: -dörfer) is a form of rural settlement established in areas of forest clearing with the farms arranged in a series along a road or stream, like beads on a chain. It is typical of the forests of central Germany and is a type of Reihendorf, in which each farmstead usually has two wide strips of land adjacent to the farmhouse.

## History

This type of settlement appeared around 1000 A.D. in the hitherto unpopulated northern Black Forest in Germany. On the generally higher, fertile, rounded summits (Kuppen) of upper Bunter sandstone, the farmsteads (known as Gehöfte, Hufe or Hube) were laid out along a road through the clearing. A Frankish Hufe (Fränkische Hufe) came to mean a farm holding, 24.2 hectares (60 acres) in area. The strips of land behind the buildings ran roughly at right angles to the axis of the village up to the forest remaining on the crest of the ridge. These structures are still recognisable today.
In the 12th and 13th centuries the Waldhufendorf also became the type of village preferred by German settlers in the Thuringian, Saxon and Silesian regions. Because the plots of land were usually surrounded by a hedge (Hecke or Hag) a village in these areas was also known as a Hagenhufendorf.
Waldhufendörfer and Hagenhufendörfer are especially common in the Ore Mountains and their foreland as well as in East Saxony, the Sudeten and the Beskids, as well as the Thuringian Forest, Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Forest, Bohemian Forest, Spessart, Odenwald, Westrich, North Black Forest and Nordvorpommern.

## Description

The main axis of the settlement is usually formed by a road, but also often by a stream, on the banks of which may be found common pasture. New settlers were given strips of land alongside tracks or roads, the size of a Hufe, which they proceeded to clear. The farmhouses were erected by a track, almost always outside the flood plain of the stream and farming was practised on the land behind them. At the far end of the Hufe was the forest or its remnants which, in the course of time, could be cleared and turned into additional fields for cultivation or farming.
Strings of Waldhufendörfer up to 25 km long occur in valleys, for example in the Saxon mountain foreland. The heart of a Waldhufendorf can also be seen in other parts of the Central Uplands in Germany. The only Waldhufendorf laid out around the church as its village centre (in principle cake-shaped) is the village of Neuweiler-Gaugenwald.
# Serafino Raffaele Minich

Serafino Raffaele Minich or Serafin Rafael Minić (8 December 1808 – 29 May 1883) was a Croatian-Italian mathematician.
Minić was born in Venice. His father, a sea captain from Prčanj, settled in the early nineteenth century in Venice where Minić has spent his entire life. After receiving a degree in mathematics at the University of Padua, in 1830 he started working at the University as an assistant, and since 1842 as a lecturer.
During his lifetime, he served as the rector of the University of Padua, dean of the Faculty of Arts, dean of the Faculty of Science, and for several years he led the Istituto di scienze, letere ed arti in Venice.
He published more than 60 papers in the theory of differential equations, algebra, mechanics and hydraulics. In 1875–76 he led the project of altering the port on Lido in Venice and regulating the flow of the river Brenta. He wrote several treatises on Dante, Petrarch and Tasso. In the hall of the University of Padua a memorial is raised in his honor.
He died in Venice.
# Strondefjell

Strondefjell is a mountain in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway. The 1,394-metre (4,573 ft) tall mountain has a topographic prominence of 70 metres (230 ft). The mountain is the 23rd highest in the whole county. The mountain sits in the Setesdalsheiene mountains on the northern shore of the lake Botsvatn, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) straight west of the village of Bykle.
# Littorophiloscia vittata

Littorophiloscia vittata is a species of woodlouse in the family Philosciidae. It is native to the east coast of North America, generally under boards and other debris in saltmarshes.
# Vasilios Pavlidis

Vasilios Pavlidis may refer to:
* Vasilios Pavlidis (wrestler) (1897-unknown), Greek wrestler
* Vasilios Pavlidis (footballer) (born 2002), Greek footballer
# Journey into Medicine

Journey into Medicine is a 1947 American documentary-style film. The film stars James Karen as Michael Kenneth Marshall, a young medical student who goes through medical training at Columbia and Cornell. During his internship in pediatrics, Marshall loses one of his patients, a young girl to diphtheria. This case inspires him to enroll in the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and pursue a career in public health. While studying at Johns Hopkins, Marshall helps battle an outbreak of diphtheria in Baltimore, which confirms to him his chosen vocation.
The film was made by the United States Information Service for use by the U.S. State Department. The film was meant to be shown outside the United States as a promotional film for American medicine and public health efforts abroad.
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The Academy Film Archive preserved Journey into Medicine in 2011. The film is part of the Academy War Film Collection, one of the largest collections of World War II era short films held outside government archives.
# Simonini Mini 2 Plus

The Simonini Mini 2 Plus is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

## Design and development

The Mini 2 Plus is a single cylinder two-stroke, air-cooled, petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.3:1 and 2.4:1. It employs capacitor discharge ignition and produces 28 hp (21 kW) at 7200 rpm.

## Applications

* AEF Monotrace
* Dynamic Sport Climber
* Paraavis Vityaz
* Sperwill 2+
* Time To Fly Backplane SL
* Walkerjet Simon

## Specifications (Mini 2 Plus)

Data from World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12

### General characteristics

* Type: Single cylinder, two stroke aircraft engine
* Bore: 66 mm (2.6 in)
* Stroke: 58 mm (2.3 in)
* Displacement: 202 cc (12.3 cu in)
* Length: 246 mm (9.7 in)
* Width: 293 mm (11.5 in)
* Height: 446 mm (17.6 in)
* Dry weight: 14 kg (30.9 lb)

### Components

* Fuel type: petrol
* Cooling system: air
* Reduction gear: poly V belt reduction drive, reduction ratios of 2.3:1 and 2.4:1

### Performance

* Power output: 28 hp (21 kW) at 7200
* Compression ratio: 10.5:1
# SS Rother (1914)

SS Rother was a freight vessel built for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1914.

## History

The ship was built by Clyde Shipbuilding Company Port Glasgow for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and launched on 18 March 1914. She was fitted with refrigeration equipment and intended for the Goole to Hamburg services.
In 1920 three boys from Copenhagen stowed away in the hold. They were discovered shortly after departure, otherwise they would have frozen to death. Goole Magistrates ordered their return to Copenhagen.
In 1922 she transferred to the London and North Western Railway and in 1923 to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
She was acquired in 1948 by British Railways and remained in service until 27 September 1956 when she arrived at Dunston on Tyne for scrapping.
# Wente

Wente is the surname of:
* Bob Wente (1933-2000), American racecar driver
* Edward F. Wente (born 1930), American Egyptologist and professor emeritus
* Margaret Wente (born 1950), Canadian newspaper columnist
* Susan Rae Wente (born 1962), American cell biologist and Provost at Vanderbilt University
# Mimodriopea

Mimodriopea fuscofasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Mimodriopea. It was described by Breuning in 1977.
# Living for the Night

"Living for the Night" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. Written by Strait with his son, Bubba, and Dean Dillon, it is the 88th single release of his career, and the first single that Strait has co-written. It was released in May 2009 as the first single from his album Twang. The song was released to radio on May 28, 2009, one day after CBS aired a George Strait tribute show in which other musical artists performed covers of his songs. "Living for the Night" was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

## Background and writing

Strait and his son, George "Bubba" Strait, Jr., wrote the song with Dean Dillon, who has also written several of Strait's other singles. It is the first single release in Strait's solo career that he has had a hand in co-writing, and only the second song of his entire solo career that he has had a hand in writing that was used on one of his albums (the first being the self-penned "I Can't See Texas from Here", a cut from his 1982 album Strait from the Heart). Earlier songwriting efforts from Strait, such as "I Just Can't Go On Dyin' Like This," were recorded before he signed to MCA and were eventually released on the Strait Out of the Box boxed set.

## Content

In the song, the male narrator expresses his feelings after having lost an unspecified person in his life ("Every day is a lifetime without you / Hard to get through since you've gone"). He then goes on to say that he is "living for the night" so that he can go to a bar during the nighttime, and drink whiskey to forget his problems. The song is accompanied by classical guitar, pedal steel guitar and a string section.

## Critical reception

Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a favorable review. He said that the song was "one of the best songs that George's released this past year." Bjorke also said that the idea behind the song may have been inspired by the loss of Strait's daughter, Jenifer, in an automobile accident several years previous. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, in his Allmusic review of the album, called it a "terrific tear-in-my-beer single."

## Music video

Shaun Silva directed the song's music video, which is footage of a live performance. It made its debut on CMT.com on August 28, 2009.

## Chart performance

On the charts dated for the week of June 13, 2009, "Living for the Night" was the highest-debuting single, or "Hot Shot Debut", on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, entering at number 34.
| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 53 |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 4 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 72 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2009) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 21 |
# Istana Besar

1°27′18.0″N 103°45′22.91″E﻿ / ﻿1.455000°N 103.7563639°E﻿ / 1.455000; 103.7563639
The Istana Besar or Grand Palace is the royal palace of the Sultan of Johor and is located in Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

## Overview

Located in the city of Johor Bahru, the palace was built in 1866 during the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar. The palace overlooks the Straits of Johor and features Anglo-Malay architecture, characterised by its dome of Malay design with its blue roof of Anglo influence.
The Istana Besar is currently used only for investitures, state banquets and royal functions.

### Royal Museum

Within the Istana Besar is the Royal Abu Bakar Museum, which was renovated to become a museum in 1982 and officially opened in 1990. It is a living museum which houses a collection of royal heirlooms, artifacts and a record of the history of the state's royal family. The Royal Museum was closed to the public from January 2012.
# Venice of America

Venice of America may refer to the following places:
* Original name of Venice, Los Angeles and the Venice Canal Historic District, in California
* Nickname of Fort Lauderdale, Florida
* Nickname of Cape Coral, Florida
* Nickname of Holyoke, Massachusetts, particularly its downtown, which contains the Holyoke Canal System
* Nickname of Lowell, Massachusetts
* Nickname of Recife, Brazil, also called "Brazilian Venice"
# Journey into Light

Journey into Light is a 1951 American crime film noir directed by Stuart Heisler and starring Sterling Hayden.

## Plot

John Burrows, an ordained minister from a small village in eastern USA, envisions himself with a larger congregation. He is mortified when his wife drunkenly interrupts a sermon, then despondent after her suicide.
Burrows travels to Los Angeles for a fresh start, but ends up on skid row and arrested for apparent public intoxication. A skid-row con man, Gandy, finds him a bed at a flop house, while a street preacher, Doc Thorssen, and daughter Christine take him to a local mission.
Christine is blind. She falls in love with Burrows, enjoying his discussions of the spirit and the soul but knowing little of his past. One day she is struck by a streetcar and knocked unconscious, causing Burrows to once again question his faith.
He ultimately accepts the Lord's will and is offered a better place to live and preach. Burrows decides he is better suited to the mission, with Christine by his side.

## Cast

* Sterling Hayden as Rev. John Burrows
* Viveca Lindfors as Christine Thorssen
* Thomas Mitchell as Gandy
* Ludwig Donath as 'Doc' Thorssen
* H. B. Warner as Wiz, the Wino
* Jane Darwell as Mack
* John Berkes as Racky
* Peggy Webber as Jane Burrows
* Paul Guilfoyle as Fanatic
# Saara loricata

Saara loricata, the Iraqi mastigure or Iraqi spiny-tailed lizard, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in Iraq and Iran.
# West Grove Township, Davis County, Iowa

West Grove Township is a township in Davis County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 456.

## History

West Grove Township was organized in 1874.

## Geography

West Grove Township covers an area of 36.54 square miles (94.65 square kilometers); of this, 0.1 square miles (0.27 square kilometers) or 0.29 percent is water.

### Unincorporated towns

* West Grove
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Fox River Township (north)
* Cleveland Township (east)
* Wyacondah Township (southeast)
* Fabius Township (south)
* Wells Township, Appanoose County (southwest)
* Washington Township, Appanoose County (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains eight cemeteries: Bell, Bethel, Evergreen, Hetzler, John, Mount Moriah, Shinn and West Grove.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 63
# Sergio Fontanari

Sergio Fontanari (19 February 1930 – 4 May 2022) was an Italian politician. A member of the Trentino Tyrolean People's Party, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1979 to 1987. He died in Trento on 4 May 2022 at the age of 92.
# Minettia longipennis

Minettia longipennis is a species of fly in the family Lauxaniidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
Minettia longipennis is 3 to 4.5 mm. long. It is rounded with a black shiny thorax and long orange tinted wings sometimes held out at a horizontal angle. The habitat is hedgerows and wooded areas. Adults occur from May to September with a population peak in June. Larvae feed on fungi on dead leaves.
# Island in the Sky

Island in the Sky or Islands in the Sky may refer to:

## Film and television

* Island in the Sky (1953 film), starring John Wayne
* Island in the Sky (1938 film)
* "Island in the Sky" (LIS episode), an episode of the TV series Lost in Space
* "Island in the Sky", part of an episode of the cartoon show Underdog (TV series)

## In print

* Island in the Sky, the Ernest K. Gann 1944 novel from which the 1953 film was adapted
* Island in the Sky (comics), a 1960 cartoon by Carl Barks
* "Island in the Sky", a 1941 short story and 1961 novel by Manly Wade Wellman
* An Island In The Sky: Selected Poetry of Al Pittman
* Islands in the Sky, a science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke
* Islands in the Sky (1996 book), a magazine compilation of essays on space colonization

## Places

* Island in the Sky, a district and a mesa in Canyonlands National Park, Utah
# Vermont Agency of Human Services

The Vermont Agency of Human Services (AHS) is a Vermont executive agency (or cabinet agency). Its purpose is to develop and execute policy on human services for the U.S. state of Vermont.
AHS was created by the Vermont Legislature in 1969 to govern all human service activities of the state government. The agency is led by the Secretary, who is appointed by Vermont's governor with the approval of the state senate, and the Deputy Secretary who is appointed by the Secretary with the governor's approval. In 2019, Vermont governor Phil Scott appointed Mike Smith as the new secretary of the Agency of Human Services for the State of Vermont.

## Departments

Departments of AHS include:
* Office of the Secretary
* Department for Children and Families
* Department of Corrections
* Department of Disabilities, Aging and Independent Living
* Department of Health
* Department of Mental Health
* Department of Vermont Health Access
# Judge Blumenfeld

Judge Blumenfeld may refer to:
* Mosher Joseph Blumenfeld (1904–1988), judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut
* Stanley Blumenfeld (born 1962), judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California
# SS Helsingfors

A number of ships have been named Helsingfors, including
* SS Helsingfors (1901), 131 GRT, later named Ustamo and Von Konow.
* SS Helsingfors (1903), 759 GRT, wrecked in 1905
# West Holman Township, Osceola County, Iowa

West Holman Township is a township in Osceola County, Iowa, United States.
# Walter Dodd

Walter Dodd may refer to:
* Walter F. Dodd (1880–1960), professor of political science
* Walter J. Dodd (1869–1916), American physician and radiologist
# Setopus

Setopus is a genus of gastrotrichs belonging to the family Dasydytidae.
Species:
* Setopus abarbita (Visvesvara, 1964)
* Setopus aequatorialis Kisielewski, 1991
* Setopus bisetosus (Thompson, 1891)
* Setopus chatticus (Schwank, 1990)
* Setopus dubius (Voigt, 1909)
* Setopus iunctus Greuter, 1917
* Setopus lemnicola Schwank, 1990
* Setopus primus Grünspan, 1908
* Setopus tongiorgii (Balsamo, 1983)
# Minister of Finance (Estonia)

Minister of Finance (Estonian: Rahandusminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Finance (Rahandusministeerium) in the Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for coordinating the government's policies on national finances. The position was originally established in 1918.
The Minister of Finance is chosen by the Prime Minister as a part of the government. The current Finance Minister is Jürgen Ligi.

## List of ministers
### Finance and economy (1918–1940)

* 1918–1920 Juhan Kukk (Minister of Finance)
* 1920 Tõnis Vares (Minister of Finance)
* 1920–1921 Karl August Baars (Minister of Finance)
* 1921–1924 Georg Vestel (Minister of Finance)
* 1924 Karl August Baars (Minister of Finance)
* 1924 Otto Strandman (Minister of Finance)
* 1924–1927 Leo Sepp (Minister of Finance)
* 1927–1928 Anton Teetsov (Minister of Finance)
* 1928–1929 Aleksander Oinas (Minister of Finance)
* 1929–1931 Johannes-Friedrich Zimmermann (Minister of Economy)
* 1931 Mihkel Pung (Minister of Economy)
* 1931–1932 August Jürman (Minister of Economy)
* 1932 Oskar Suursööt (Minister of Economy)
* 1932 Johannes-Friedrich Zimmermann (Minister of Economy)
* 1932–1933 August Jürman (Minister of Economy)
* 1933 Peeter Kurvits (Minister of Economy)
* 1933–1938 Karl Selter (Minister of Economy)
* 1938–1940 Leo Sepp (Minister of Economy)

### Finance (1944)

* 1944 Hugo Pärtelpoeg (Minister of Finance in Otto Tief's Government from 18 September 1944 to 22 September 1944)

### Finance (1990–present)

* 1990–1992 Rein Miller (Minister of Finance)
* 1992–1994 Madis Üürike (Minister of Finance)
* 1994 Heiki Kranich (Minister of Finance)
* 1994–1995 Andres Lipstok (Minister of Finance)
* 1995–1999 Mart Opmann (Minister of Finance)
* 1999–2002 Siim Kallas (Minister of Finance)
* 2002–2003 Harri Õunapuu (Minister of Finance)
* 2003 Tõnis Palts (Minister of Finance)
* 2003–2005 Taavi Veskimägi (Minister of Finance)
* 2005–2007 Aivar Sõerd (Minister of Finance)
* 2007–2009 Ivari Padar (Minister of Finance)
* 2009–2014 Jürgen Ligi (Minister of Finance)
* 2014–2015 Maris Lauri (Minister of Finance)
* 2015–2017 Sven Sester (Minister of Finance)
* 2017–2019 Toomas Tõniste (Minister of Finance)
* 2019–2021 Martin Helme (Minister of Finance)
* 2021–2022 Keit Pentus-Rosimannus (Minister of Finance)
* 2022–2023 Annely Akkermann (Minister of Finance)
* 2023–2024 Mart Võrklaev (Minister of Finance)
* 2024-present Jürgen Ligi (Minister of Finance)
# Samanth Subramanian

Samanth Subramanian is an Indian writer and journalist based in London. He studied journalism at Penn State University and international relations at Columbia University. In 2018–19, he was a Leon Levy Fellow at the City University of New York. He is also a regular contributor to The New Yorker, The New York Times, The Guardian and WIRED.

## Author

Subramanian's first book Following Fish: Travels Around the Indian Coast (2010, Penguin Books India) was a travelogue about Indian fisheries and seafood cuisine.
His second book This Divided Island: Stories from the Sri Lankan Civil War (2015, Atlantic Books, ISBN 978-0857895950) was nominated for the Samuel Johnson Prize and the Royal Society of Literature's Ondaatje Prize. He became only the second Indian writer after Suketu Mehta to be nominated for this prestigious award for literary non-fiction. William Dalrymple, writing in The Guardian, considered it a remarkable and moving portrayal of the agonies of the conflict that "will stand as a fine literary monument against the government’s attempt at imposed forgetfulness".
His third major work, A Dominant Character: The Radical Science and Restless Politics of J. B. S. Haldane (2019) is a biography of J. B. S. Haldane. The book has been selected as one of the 100 Notable Books of 2020 by The New York Times.
His articles cover a wide variety of subjects ranging from land reclamation in Singapore to Tamil pulp fiction.
He has written about the synthesis of new chemical elements for Bloomberg Businessweek.
In April 2024, in the run-up to India's general elections, Subramanian wrote a profile of Rahul Gandhi in The New York Times Magazine covering Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Yatra, Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra, and other topics.