OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Town Yetholm

Town Yetholm ('town yet-ham') is a small village in the Scottish Borders in the valley of the Bowmont Water opposite Kirk Yetholm. The town colours are green and yellow.
The centre of the small village is made up of the village green surrounded by the village shop, the Plough Hotel Public House a few houses to the south and a row of terraced dwellings to the north, separated from the green by the Main Street. The village has many notable houses with impressive views. The Wauchope Hall is situated at the east end of the main street next to Gibsons Garage. The Wauchope family had estates in the area, and an obelisk remembers Major-General Andrew Wauchope CB CMG (1846–1899) who was killed in the South African War.
Every year, in June the village holds a festival week to celebrate the village and the people within. Two respectable young adults are chosen to represent the village during its own festival and others around the Scottish Borders. They are named from the Romani language, Bari Gadgi (best boy) and Bari Manushi (best girl).
Every year on a Saturday in July the village plays host to several hundred visitors from the larger town of Kelso during the town's "Civic Week" festival. On this day the Kelsae Laddie, his left and right hand men and a cavalcade of about 200 horses ride their way to Kirk Yetholm via Hoselaw and the Venchen Hill. After a welcome and a toast the cavalcade moves across the Bowmont Water to Town Yetholm for lunch. After lunch in the Plough Hotel for the principals, and picnics on the green for rest of the visitors, the piper plays a reel which is danced by the Laddie and his right and left hand men joined by the Bari Gadgi and Bari Manushi. The visitors leave during the afternoon.
The first Saturday in October is traditionally the Yetholm Border Shepherds' Show, held on the land between Town Yetholm and Kirk Yetholm, with the 156th show held in 2019. It stemmed from the old practice of farmers gathering to sort through stray sheep from neighbours' flocks.

## Gallery

* Finger sign at approach to Town and Kirk Yetholm villages (May 2018).
* Town Yetholm village sign (May 2018).
* Village housing on the main street (May 2018).
* Village green (May 2018).
* Wauchope obelisk, village green (May 2018).
* Along the B6352 road from the village centre (May 2018).
# Town-class cruiser

Town-class cruiser can refer to:
* Town-class cruiser (1910)
* Town-class cruiser (1936)
# Osmoderma eremita

Osmoderma eremita, the hermit beetle or Russian leather beetle, is a species of European beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Adults reach between 28 and 32 mm in length.

## Distribution

Osmoderma eremita can be found everywhere in Europe, except for the United Kingdom, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, Portugal, and San Marino.

## Larvae

The larvae develop in hollow trees. Oak is the preferred kind of tree, but the larvae may develop in any tree species with suitable hollows. Due to extensive scientific research, O. eremita is the most well known insect species associated with ancient or hollow trees. For instance, research has addressed the beetles' dispersal biology, population dynamics, and chemical communication. Trained conservation detection dogs are being used in monitoring larvae in Italy.

## Conservation status

Due to habitat loss and fragmentation, the species has decreased all over its distribution range. For this reason the species is protected in most European countries, and has been given the highest priority according to the EU's Habitats Directive. LIFE's projects in Poodří, Czech Republic and Gipuzkoa, Spain led by Arnika, Ostrava University and Aranzadi Science Societyaimed at expanding the habitat of this endangered species.
# Osaka Ramones

Osaka Ramones is Japanese pop-punk group Shonen Knife's 16th studio album. All of the songs on the album are cover songs of the punk group Ramones. The album's cover art takes its inspiration from the Ramones album Road to Ruin. Five songs on the album were recorded in at GCR Audio in Buffalo, New York with Producer Robby Takac in late 2010 and it was intended to be a mini-album. Lead singer/guitarist/songwriter Naoko Yamano later decided that Osaka Ramones would be a full-length album celebrating Shonen Knife's 30th anniversary. The rest of the album was later recorded in Osaka, Japan and mixed at GCR Audio.

## Personnel

* Naoko Yamano - guitar, vocals
* Ritsuko Taneda - bass, backing vocals
* Emi Morimoto - drums, backing vocals
# Orlando Township, Cheyenne County, Kansas

Orlando Township is a township in Cheyenne County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 63.

## History

Orlando was issued a post office in 1886. The post office was discontinued in 1888.

## Geography

Orlando Township covers an area of 35.9 square miles (93 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Wheeler.
# Orsa-class torpedo boat

The Orsa class (sometimes called the Pegaso class) were a group of large torpedo boats or destroyer escorts built for the Italian Navy in the late 1930s. They were an enlarged version of the Spica-class torpedo boat, specifically tailored for the escort and anti-submarine role, with greater endurance and a heavier depth charge armament but less powerful machinery and a lighter gun armament. Four were built, with two being lost during the Second World War. The surviving pair were rebuilt as anti-submarine frigates in the 1950s.

## Ships

| Ship | builder | Launched | Operational History |
| Pegaso | BS Napoletani | 8 December 1936 | Sank British submarines HMS Upholder, HMS Undaunted, and HMS Thorn. She was part of the screen of destroyers and torpedo boats escorting a four-freighter convoy to Tripoli on 26 May 1941, when two Blenheim bombers were shot down. She also took part in the shooting down of a Beaufort bomber and a Beaufighter while escorting another convoy on 21 August 1942. Pegaso was one of the most successful Axis anti-submarine warships of World War II. Scuttled 11 September 1943 |
| Procione | BS Napoletani | 31 January 1937 | Scuttled 11 September 1943 |
| Orione | CNR Palermo | 21 April 1937 | Survived the war and served in the post-war Marina Militare. Decommissioned 1964 |
| Orsa | CNR Palermo | 21 March 1937 | Along with the Spica-class Climene, she shot down three attacking British aircraft on 24 July 1942 while escorting the transport Vettor Pisani, which was beached and lost after the airstrike. Survived the war and served in the post-war Marina Militare. Decommissioned 1964 |
# Osbiston

Osbiston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Osbiston (1914–1971), Australian-born British film editor
* Max Osbiston (1914–1981), his cousin, Australian actor
# Trade Union Act 1984

The Trade Union Act 1984 was a law in the United Kingdom that required all trade unions to hold a secret ballot before calling a strike. The majority of the act did not apply to trade unions based in Northern Ireland. The act was repealed on 16 October 1992. Sir Peter Bottomley, an employment minister, reportedly said that the act was "designed to ensure that trade unions are more democratic and their leaders more accountable to their members."
The act also required unions to elect a new general secretary every five years and to validate funds every ten years.
Kenneth Clarke, who is a politician for the Conservative Party (UK) reported that, at a point approximately two years after the passing of the bill, 19 unions changed the practice to comply with the act. The act also says that those who are in high up positions in the union must "be accountable to the membership [of the union] as a whole."

## Context

At the time the act was passed, the UK miner's strike had just started and, as a result, the government passed acts like this to limit the effect caused by strikes by this. Some people have said that the law was passed after the start of the Falklands War due to the increase in popularity for the government brought on by the conflict.

## Effect

The act limited the amount of industrial action by strengthening the requirements for a strike to be considered lawful. It also allowed the legality of the miners' strike to be questioned, as members of the National Union of Mineworkers were not given the chance to vote on this issue.
As a result of this act, striking miners were not entitled to state benefits, thus forcing the majority of miners and their families to survive the strike on handouts, donations from the European "food mountain" and other charities. Being without benefits had more serious consequences for the miners and their families. Their children were not entitled to free school meals or social security help with school uniforms. Poverty and hunger became rife in the mining heartlands. This forced many miners into a dilemma: return to work, and be viewed as a "scab"; or maintain support and live primarily on donations, which is what the majority did.
# Susan May (skipjack)

The Sea Gull is a Chesapeake Bay skipjack, built in 1901 at Pocomoke City, Maryland. She is a 46-foot-long (14 m) two-sail bateau, or "V"-bottomed deadrise type of centerboard sloop. She has a beam of 15.9 feet (4.8 m) and a depth of 1.6 feet (0.49 m); her gross tonnage is 10 register tons. She is one of the 35 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay skipjacks and a member of the last commercial sailing fleet in the United States. She is located at Wenona, Somerset County, Maryland.
She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Ghazala Khan

Ghazala Khan may refer to:
* Gazala Shaikh Khan, known as Gajala, an Indian film actress
* Honour killing of Ghazala Khan (1987–2005), Danish woman who was shot and killed in Denmark by her brother after she married against the will of the family
* Khizr and Ghazala Khan, parents of United States Army Captain Humayun Khan, who was killed in 2004 during the Iraq War
# Gibbo River

The Gibbo River, a perennial river of the North-East Murray catchment of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Alpine and East Gippsland regions of Victoria, Australia. It flows from the northwestern slopes of the Australian Alps, south and joins with Morass Creek southeast of Lake Dartmouth.

## Course

Formed by the confluence of the Straight Running Creek and the Sassafras Creek, the Gibbo River rises in remote state forestry land, below the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally south by southwest, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Morass Creek at Lake Dartmouth, formed by the Dartmouth Dam. The river descends 191 metres (627 ft) over its 19-kilometre (12 mi) course.

## Recreation

The river is popular for fishing, with numerous brown trout with an average of 200 grams (7.1 oz) to a maximum of 1 kilogram (2.2 lb), some rainbow trout to 200 grams (7.1 oz), and river blackfish to 60 grams (2.1 oz), with a few carp to 10 kilograms (22 lb).
A camping area is available, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Omeo on the Corryong–Benambra Road. Picnic tables and wood-fired barbecues are available at the camp site.
An area of approximately 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres) located adjacent to where the Gibbo River and Morass Creek empty into Lake Dartmouth, named the Dart River Goldfields Area, is listed as an indicative area on the Register of the National Estate. The area is considered historically significant due to its relatively undisturbed setting of the history of gold mining, with many machinery relics from the 1870s.
# Giles de Argentine

Giles de Argentine (died 1283–84) was a baronial leader in England. He was the son of Richard de Argentine, a justiciar in Normandy, whom he succeeded in 1247.
He acted as justice itinerant in 1253, and in 1258 was named by the barons, in the Provisions of Oxford, as one of the twelve permanent representatives of the commonalty, and one of the twenty-four 'a treter de aide le rei'. In 1263 he was made constable of Windsor, and after the battle of Lewes he appears to have been placed on the supreme council of nine, and to have been one of its three members (acting also as custodes sigilli) who were in attendance on the king and Simon de Montfort throughout the campaign of Evesham. His lands were subsequently forfeited.
# Giant pika

The giant pika or Wharton's pika (Ochotona whartoni) is an extinct mammal species in the family Ochotonidae. It lived during the Pleistocene and early Holocene in northern parts of North America (Alaska, US and Canada). Very similar forms have also been found also in Siberia.

## Distribution

The giant pika has been found in Alaska (United States), Yukon (O. whartoni and O cf. whartoni, large number of locations), Alberta and Ontario (Canada). A close relative O. whartoni (O. cf. whartoni) is also known from Eastern Siberia and Kolyma.
The ancestors of these pikas migrated from Eurasia to North America during the Early Pleistocene via the Bering Land Bridge, along with another group of small pikas close to the "O. pusilla group". This migration was separate from that of O. spanglei, which entered North America approximately three million years earlier at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.

### Detailed fossil distribution

* Canada
** Old Crow River, Yukon, Irvingtonian (1.8 - 0.3 Ma) and Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma), O cf. whartoni and O. whartoni.
** Old Crow River, Yukon, Late/Upper Pleistocene (Late Illinoian-Sangamonian stages) (0.1 - 0.0 Ma / ~125,000-80,000 BP), at least 10 locations, O. cf. whartoni
** Thistle Creek, Yukon, Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma), O. whartoni
** Eagle Cave, Alberta, >33,000 BP
** Elba Cave at Elba, Ontario, 8670±220 BP (the last known occurrence of this species)
** Kelso Cave, Ontario, Late Wisconsian (>32,000 BP)
       The large form of Ochotona was found in 2 of 5 localities in eastern North America.
* United States
** Cape Deceit, Alaska, Cape Deceit Formation, Irvingtonian (1.8 - 0.3 Ma), O. whartoni, (the species was discovered here)
** Gold Hill Cut at Fairbanks, Alaska
* Russia - only O cf. whartoni
** From eastern Siberia - Zayarsk site to the Kolyma Range area (Krestovka Sections, Yakutia), in Kolyma from Late Cenozoic
** Western Siberia, but mentions only Ochotona as occurring there.

## Biology

The giant pika is much larger than other North American pikas, but is of a similar size to the extinct early and middle Pleistocene O. complicidens and extant O. koslowi (Koslov's pika), both from China, and may belong to the same species as one of them. Unlike the American pika (O. princeps), which inhabits scree slopes, the giant pika's habitat was largely tundra and steppe, similar to Eurasian pikas.

## Occurrence and extinction

The giant pika has been found in North America from the Irvingtonian (1.8–0.3 Ma, Lower–Middle Pleistocene) throughout Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene (0.1–0.0Ma) locations.
The last occurrence of the giant pika is known from early the Holocene of eastern North America (a cave at Elba in the Niagara Escarpment, Ontario) and its radiometric date is 8670±220 years BP ($^{14}$C age) or 10251-9140 BP (calibrated date). It is possible that it survived in the rocky areas along the Niagara Escarpment as a relict population.
# Giant Surface Music Falling to Earth Like Jewels from the Sky

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Giant Surface Music Falling to Earth Like Jewels from the Sky is the debut studio album of Yume Bitsu, released in 1998 by Ba Da Bing Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Yume Bitsu

## Personnel

Adapted from the Giant Surface Music Falling to Earth Like Jewels from the Sky liner notes.

### Yume Bitsu

* Jason Anderson – drums
* Alex Bundy – sampler, production, recording
* Adam Forkner – vocals, guitar, keyboards, producer, recording
* Franz Prichard – guitar

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1998 | Ba Da Bing | CD | BING-016 |
# Gillian Cookson

Gillian Cookson FRHS is an English historian of the University of Leeds.

## Life

Cookson researches in economic history, the 18th and 19th-century industrial history of Northern England, the history of mechanical engineering and textiles, industrial communities and business networks and landscape history. She is president of the Yorkshire Archaeological and Historical Society.

## Selected publications

* The Age of Machinery: Engineering the Industrial Revolution (Boydell, 2018)
* Victoria County History of County Durham, V, Sunderland (Boydell and Brewer, 2015)
* Victoria County History of County Durham, IV, Darlington (Boydell and Brewer, 2005)
* The Townscape of Darlington (VCH Studies series: Boydell Press, 2003)
* The Cable: the Wire that Changed the World (Tempus Publishing, 2003; new edition by The History Press, 2012)
* A Victorian Scientist and Engineer: Fleeming Jenkin and the Birth of Electrical Engineering (with C.A. Hempstead: Ashgate, 2000)
* Sunderland: Building a City (VCH Studies series: Phillimore, 2010)
# Gillis, Louisiana

Gillis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northern Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 657.

## Geography

Gillis is located in northeastern Calcasieu Parish, 07 miles (11 km) north of Lake Charles and 36 miles (58 km) south of DeRidder. U.S. Route 171 is the main road through the community.
Gillis falls under the school district of Iowa, a town 20 miles (32 km) to the southeast, though most parents send their children to schools much closer to home. Students who live in the Gillis community may attend Gillis Elementary on Topsy Road and Moss Bluff Middle School and Sam Houston High School in Moss Bluff.
# Gilles Pélisson

Gilles Pélisson (born 26 May 1957) is a French business executive.

## Early life

Gilles Pélisson was born on 26 May 1957. His uncle, Gérard Pelisson, was the founder of the Accor hotel group.
He graduated from the ESSEC Business School in Paris. He went on to receive an MBA from the Harvard Business School.

## Career

Pélisson started his career for Accor in Los Angeles, California. He served as the chief executive officer of the French restaurant chain Courtepaille from 1988 to 1993. He then served as the joint chairman of the Novotel hotel chain. He then served as the vice-chief executive officer of Euro Disney from 1993 to 1997, and as its chief executive officer from 1997 to 2000.
Pélisson was the chairman of the Suez-Telefónica ST3G consortium and chairman of NOOS, a French cable network operator, from 2000 to 2001. He was the chief operating officer of Bouygues Télécom from 2001 to 2004, and as its chief executive officer from 2004 to 2006. He was the CEO of Accor from 2006 to 2010, and as its chairman from 2009 to 2011.
He is on the board of directors of Accenture.

## Other activities

Pélisson was on the board of trustees of the MEDEF. He is a co-founder and the president of the Fondation ESSEC, the fundraising organisation of his alma mater, ESSEC.
# Ginásio Nélio Dias

Ginásio Nélio Dias is an indoor sporting arena located in Natal, Brazil. The capacity of the arena is 10,000 spectators and opened in 2008. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball, and also hosts concerts.
# Gisele Bennett

Gisele Bennett was a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Director of the GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). She also founded the Logistics and Maintenance Applied Research Center (LandMARC) at GTRI.

## Education

Bennett holds a 1987 B.S. and a 1989 M.S. from the College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central Florida and a 1995 Ph.D. from the Georgia Institute of Technology, all in electrical engineering.

## Career

After earning her Ph.D., Bennett began working at GTRI as a research scientist in 1996 and as a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1997. In 2000, she founded the Logistics and Maintenance Applied Research Center (LandMARC) and is currently its director. Bennett became the director of the GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory in 2005. In 2014, she was named an Optica fellow for 2015.
Bennett is a member of the Army Science Board. She is a Fellow at Optica and the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) and a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). She has held officer positions at Optica and IEEE and serves in a variety of professional activities involving optical engineering research. She has been a topical editor and has served as a feature editor for Applied Optics and is a visiting lecturer for SPIE and Optica.
Bennett has served as a research proposal reviewer for the National Institute of Health and National Science Foundation and a reviewer for numerous referred journals. She is one of the first 10 Fellows chosen for Georgia Tech’s University Leadership program. In 2017, she won the Progress and Service Award for Sustained Impact in Administration from the Georgia Tech Research Corporation.
In January 2021, she became Editor-in-Chief of Applied Optics.

## Awards and honors

* 2015, Fellow, Optica - For technical innovation in the use of optical imaging and for research leadership.
* 2015, Fellow, International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)
# Ginko Financial

Ginko Financial was an alleged Ponzi scheme on the social networking video game Second Life. It offered accounts denominated in Linden Dollars, which would be paid extremely high interest rates (at one point 0.145% per day or 69.7% per year), ostensibly funded by undisclosed investments.
Many of the bank's investments were believed to be in in-game casinos. In 2007, after Linden Labs placed restrictions on in-world gambling, there was a run on the bank which caused it to collapse. All remaining accounts (by then worth 200 million Linden Dollars) were compulsorily converted into perpetual bonds.
After the collapse, Linden Labs introduced a rule that interest-paying accounts in Second Life could only be offered by organisations with real-life banking licenses.
# Giddy Up (album)

Giddy Up is the first solo CD released by Craig Northey, a former member of the Canadian 1990's alternative band Odds. It was released in 2001 and has eight songs, totaling a running time of approximately 25 minutes. Other composers who contributed to the album include David Gamson and Blair Packham.
* "Take a Hit Off This"
* "Slow Motion"
* "Giddy Up"
* "After Walking in Space"
* "Famous Grave"
* "Old Mistakes"
* "Write It in Lightning"
* "Sons & Daughters"
"Write It in Lightning" was written for The Who, who bought the rights to record the song; however, the song remains unreleased by The Who.
* This 2000s alternative rock album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Giovanni Boccardi

Giovanni Boccardi may refer to:
* Giovanni Boccardi (painter) (died 1542), Italian miniature painter
* Giovanni Boccardi (astronomer) (1859–1936), Italian astronomer, mathematician, and priest
# Giovanni Boccardi (painter)

Giovanni Boccardi (died 1542) was an Italian miniature painter who lived at Florence. He was also known as Maestro Giovanni. During 1507–1523, Boccardi and his son Francesco painted the choir-books of Monte Cassino and Perugia.
# Give Me the Reason (Lady Saw album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Give Me the Reason is the second album by the Jamaican musician Lady Saw, released in 1996. The album was noted for its sexually explicit lyrics. The title track incorporates elements of country music.

## Critical reception

Vibe, in 2004, deemed the title track a "classic" and a "sweet" slow jam. Spin, in 2007, listed the album as a "Dancehall Essential", writing that Lady Saw is "a cross between a porn star and a feminist scholar."

## Track listing

* Good Wuk
* What is Slackness
* Give Me The Reason
* Darnest Things
* Husband of Mine
* Glory be to God
* Saturday Night at the Movies
* Name Nuh Stand Fi Sex
* Condom
* Lonely Without You
* Life Without Dick
* Love & Understanding
* Ain't No Meaning
* Over & Over