OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rotterdam (CDP), New York

Rotterdam is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Rotterdam in Schenectady County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of Schenectady. The population was 22,968 at the 2020 census.

## History

Rotterdam was part of the Dutch colony on the eastern seaboard, and is named after Rotterdam, Netherlands, and as such antedates English settlement.

## Geography

The Rotterdam CDP, located at 42°46′57″N 73°57′26″W﻿ / ﻿42.78250°N 73.95722°W﻿ / 42.78250; -73.95722 (42.782776, -73.957261), comprises the urban part of the town of Rotterdam, adjacent to the city of Schenectady, which lies to the north and east. The CDP is bordered to the southwest by the New York State Thruway and to the south by the Albany County line. Neighborhoods in the CDP include (from west to east) South Schenectady, Coldbrook, and Carman.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Rotterdam CDP has a total area of 6.9 sq mi (18 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 20,536 people, 8,492 households, and 5,876 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,144.2 people/km$^2$ (2,963 people/sq mi). There were 8,825 housing units at an average density of 491.7 units/km$^2$ (1,273 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.07% White, 1.06% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.
There were 8,492 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,330, and the median income for a family was $50,681. Males had a median income of $36,958 versus $26,467 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,297. About 3.6% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
# List of forts in Georgia

List of forts in Georgia may refer to:
* List of fortifications in Georgia (country)
* List of forts in Georgia (U.S. state)
# Royal Commission on the Supply of Food and Raw Materials in Time of War

The Royal Commission on the Supply of Food and Raw Materials in Time of War was established in April 1903 by Arthur Balfour's Unionist government and submitted its final report in 1905. Its report noted Britain's strategic weakness in her heavy reliance on imports for food and raw materials. Britain would experience starvation and mass unemployment within a few weeks of war if the Royal Navy could not keep the seas open.
Wheat and flour were "by far the most important articles of consumption in these islands", but the commission did not recommend any protectionism, arguing that the volume of British shipping, the network of British coaling stations and the multiple shipping routes means that blockading was impossible. German planning was the reverse.
# Royal Commission on the Public Services in India

The Royal Commission on Public Services in India, also known as the Islington Commission was carried out under the Chairmanship of Lord Islington.
It made the following recommendations in its report submitted in 1917: 1. Recruitment to the superior posts should be made partly in England and partly in India. However, it did not favour holding competitive exams simultaneously in England and India, which was the prime demand of the Indian Nationalists. 2. 25% of the superior posts should be filled by Indians partly by direct recruitment and partly by promotion. 3. The services under the Government of India should be categorised into Class I and Class II. 4. The principle of maintenance of efficiency should be adopted while fixing the salaries of civil servants. 5. There should be a probationary period of 2 years for direct recruits. For the ICS, it should be 3 years.
* This article about government in India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Route 4370

Route 4370 or Eastern Ring Road, is a highway that connects the Geva Binyamin settlement in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. It has been referred to by its critics as an "apartheid road" due to the fact that parts of it have separate traffic for Israeli plates and Palestinian plates.

## Access control lanes

Separate lanes carry those who have a permit to enter Jerusalem and those who do not. The western lane is designed for people without a Jerusalem permit and does not pass through the Hizme checkpoint. The eastern lane is designed for those with a permit. Citizens of Israel can pass freely, while West Bank Palestinians require a permit from Israeli authorities. The two lanes are separated by an 8-metre-high (26 ft) concrete wall, topped with metal fencing. The road allows the residents of the Binyamins Region to enter Jerusalem with easier access to French Hill and Mount Scopus.

## History

Construction of the road began in 2005 and ended in 2017. Before its 9 January 2019 opening it was renovated by Moriah, the infrastructure company of the municipality of Jerusalem. The road was opened by Minister of Public Security Gilad Erdan; head of the Binyamin Regional Council Yisrael Gantz; and Jerusalem Mayor Moshe Lion. While the West Bank hosts several highways with different lanes for Israelis and Palestinians, only Route 4370 has a concrete wall spanning its length.
Erdan said the highway was "an example of the ability to create coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians while guarding (against) the existing security challenges," while the Palestinian Authority called Route 4370 an apartheid road and condemned the silence of the international community over its construction.
# Rover Scouts (Baden-Powell Scouts' Association)

Rover Scouts or Rovers is the final section of the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association for adults aged 18 and over. There is no upper age limit for Rover Scouts and all genders are admitted. The aim of the section is "to facilitate the growth of young adults". Rover Scouts are guided to train themselves, in body, mind and spirit, to become responsible members of their community.
The Rover Scout section follows on from the Senior Scout section.

## History

The section was started in 1918, following the successful growth of the Scout Movement, and was intended to provide a Scouting programme for young men who had grown up beyond the age range of the core Scout section. It was quickly adopted by the national Scouting organisations around the world.

## Programme

Before being invested as a Rover Scout, a period of time is spent as a Rover Squire. This allows the Rover to consider what they intend to achieve as a Rover Scout and how they intend to accomplish these goals.

### Promise

The Rover Scout section uses the same Promise as other Scout sections of the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association.

### Motto

The Rover motto, reflecting the purpose of the section, is "Service".

### Uniform

The Rover Scout uniform is the same as other Scout Sections, although a green beret and shoulder tabs are worn.

## Awards

The Rover Scout awards include the Scoutcraft Star (awarded for proving Scouting knowledge), Service Training Star (awarded for providing a service to the local community), Rambler's Badge (awarded for undertaking an expedition), Project Badge (awarded for completing a project of the Rover Scout's design) and the Rover Instructor Badge (awarded for reaching a high level of Instruction in a particular field within the Rover's Scout Group).
The top award in the section is the Baden-Powell Award.
Rover Scouts are also encouraged to continue working towards their Duke of Edinburgh's Award until they are 25 years old, with much of the Rover Scout training and service meeting the requirements of this Award.
# List of independent south atlantic football champions

This is a list of yearly claims to an Independent South Atlantic football championship.
* 1907 - NC A&M
* 1910 - Georgetown or NC A&M
* 1911 - Georgetown
* 1924 - Washington & Lee
# List of lists of Swedes

This is a list of lists of notable Swedes.

## By country or ethnicity

* List of Sami people
* List of Lebanese people in Sweden
* List of Swedish Americans
* List of Swedish Jews

## By university

* List of Lund University people
* List of Stockholm School of Economics people
* List of Uppsala University people

## By city

* List of people from Gothenburg
* List of people from Malmö
* List of people from Stockholm

## By occupation

* List of Swedish actors
* Lists of ambassadors of Sweden
* List of Swedish architects
* List of Swedish artists
* List of Swedish billionaires by net worth
* List of Swedish clergy and theologians
* List of Swedish consorts
* List of Swedish entrepreneurs
* List of Swedish film directors
* List of Swedish folk musicians
* List of Swedish journalists
* List of Miss Sweden titleholders
* Lists of Swedish military personnel
* List of Swedes in music
* Lists of office-holders in Sweden
* List of painters from Sweden
* List of Swedish women photographers
* List of Swedish poets
* Lists of Swedish politicians
** List of Swedish politicians
* List of Swedish royal mistresses
* List of Swedish saints
* List of Swedish scientists
* Lists of Swedish sportspeople
** List of Swedish sportspeople
* List of members of the Swedish Academy
* List of Swedish women artists
* List of Swedish women writers
# Royale Academy (Birati school)

Royale Academy is a public school located in Birati, West Bengal.

## Academics

All the three streams Science, Commerce and Arts have been introduced from the session 2010–11. Admission will be made against available seat of each stream, strictly on the basis of marks obtained in Madhyamik Pariksha.
# Rowley Regis Hospital

Rowley Regis Community Hospital is a hospital in Rowley Regis, West Midlands, England. It is managed by the Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust.

## History

The hospital was opened by the Duchess of Kent in 1994. Rowley Regis Hospital along with City Hospital, Birmingham and Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich formed the Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust in 2002. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, visited the hospital in July 2014.
# Ruan Zhenduo

Ruan Zhenduo (simplified Chinese: 阮振铎; traditional Chinese: 阮振鐸; pinyin: Ruǎn Zhènduó; Wade–Giles: Juan Chen-to; Hepburn: Gen Shintaku; 1893–1973), was a politician in the early Republic of China who subsequently served in a number of Cabinet-level positions in the Empire of Manchukuo.

## Biography

A native of Tieling, Liaoning Province, Ruan studied medicine at the Manchurian Medical College in 1913. In 1919, he went to Japan to study at the Kyoto Imperial University and graduated with a doctorate in medicine.
After his return to China in 1923, Ruan was appointed chairman of the Fentian State Medical Board, and a professor of medicine at the Northeastern University (Shenyang, China). He was also asked by the Fengtian Clique to serve as its chief army medical officer. He also held the posts of chairman of the Changchun and Jilin State Medical Boards by 1929.
In April 1932, under the new State of Manchukuo Ruan was asked to serve as Chief Secretary for Fengtian Province. He assisted Yu Jingyuan in establishing the Manchukuo Youth League and was one of the founding members of the Concordia Association. From November 1932, he served on the General Affairs State Council as Director of the Construction Bureau. In May 1935, Ruan accepted the cabinet-level post of Minister of Education of the Empire of Manchukuo, which he held to July 1937. From December 1940 to September 1942, he served as Minister of Transportation and from September 1942 to April 1944 as Minister of Finance. From April 1944 to August 1945, he served as Foreign Minister.
Following the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Ruan was captured by Soviet Red Army and initially held in custody in Siberia, but was extradited to the People's Republic of China on July 31, 1950, where was incarcerated at the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre. He was housed with former Emperor Puyi, and helped the former emperor write his autobiography: The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. He was released by a special pardon in 1962 and found employment at the Changchun Medical Library as a librarian. He died in 1973 at the age of 81.
# Rubus cubitans

Rubus cubitans, the sprawling dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Vermont in the northeastern United States.
Rubus cubitans is a trailing biennial with first-year stems running along the surface of the ground. Stems have very few prickles. Leaves are hairless, palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Second-year stems are erect, zigzag branches with trifoliate leaves and an array of flowers at the top. Fruit is black and spherical.
The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.
# Roy Frumkes

Roy Frumkes is an American independent filmmaker. Frumkes directed the 1985 documentary Document of the Dead, a film detailing the production of Dawn of the Dead.

## Biography

The cooperation of George A. Romero allowed Frumkes extensive access to the creative process of the filmmaker, and the finished product is as much an overview and analysis of Romero's early career as a "making-of" documentary. In Video Watchdog magazine, critic Tim Lucas called Document of the Dead "an intelligent, arresting, and authoritative examination of Romero's working filmmaking style..." Frumkes added new codas to the film in 1989, and for the 2005 DVD release Dawn of the Dead: Ultimate Edition, which collected multiple cuts of the film and a cut of Document of the Dead. The full-length Document of the Dead was released on DVD by Synapse Films in 1998.
As a screenwriter, Frumkes has written the 1996 thriller The Substitute and three sequels, and the cult dark comedy Street Trash (1987), which he also produced. Variety has broken the news that the 1987 cult classic horror comedy "Street Trash" is getting a remake from Ryan Kruger. Frumkes states it is planned to be screened at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival prior to its worldwide release.
In 2006, Frumkes put the finishing touches to the documentary The Meltdown Memoirs. which depicts the production of the film Street Trash along with cast and crew interviews 20 years later. In 2022 Frumkes adapted 'Street Trash' into a graphic novel with illustrations by Mike Lackey who played 'Fred' in the original film.
On March 22, 2010, Frumkes claimed in Fangoria magazine that he would produce a remake of the 1958 British science fiction horror film Fiend Without a Face but it was never made.
He is the owner-editor of Films in Review, the oldest motion picture journal in the United States.
Frumkes taught film studies at New York City's School of Visual Arts but along with another teacher, Robert Haufrecht, was fired in May 2018 after an investigation into multiple accusations of sexual misconduct and harassment stretching back decades.
An investigation into the practices surrounding the publication of articles related to judicial proceedings identified concerns with a New York Times article. This investigation, bolstered by findings and an interview with Frumkes, revealed that the newspaper released the article one day prior to a scheduled hearing, thereby violating Title IX rules. The article's premature publication raised concerns over its potential to influence the hearing's outcome. Moreover, Dominique Machain's involvement with the New York Times article, as reported by Colin Moynihan, drew criticism for possibly compromising the hearing's integrity. This situation prompts a broader discussion on the ethical responsibilities of the press in legal reporting and the potential ramifications of such activities on judicial processes. According to Title IX regulations at 34 C.F.R. § 106.71(a), the actions of the New York Times could be interpreted as a breach of procedural fairness. In a related matter, profiles of former faculty members have been removed from the School of Visual Arts' official website.
# List of mayors of Loosduinen

Below is a list of mayors of Loosduinen. Between 1811 and 1923 Loosduinen was an independent municipality (Dutch: Gemeente) that had its own mayors. After Loosduinen became part of The Hague on 1 July 1923 the office was abolished and the mayor of the Hague also became the mayor of Loosduinen, which by then had become a district.

## List
### 1811–1923

| Name | Term in office | Term in office |
| Franc van der Goes [nl] (1772–1855) | 1811 | 1813 |
| Gerrit Lodewijk Hendric Hooft [nl] (1779–1872) | 1813 | 1817 |
| Daniël François [nl] (1781–1840) | 1817 | 1840 |
| Johannes Marius Janszen [nl] (1814–1899) | 1840 | 1850 |
| Hubertus Cato Waldeck [nl] (1811–1881) | 1850 | 1872 |
| Gerrit Nicolaas de Voogt [nl] (1844–?) | 1872 | 1883 |
| Henri Adolphe van de Velde [nl] (1855–1919) | 1883 | 1901 |
| Hendrik Willem Hovy (?) | 1901 | 1923 |

## Citations

* 1 2 van Bergen (1927), p. 101.
* ↑ "Geschiedenis". Loosduins Museum (in Dutch).
* ↑ van Bergen (1927), p. 85.
# Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital

The Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital is a maternity hospital in Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is managed by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust.

## History

The facility has its origins in a private house in Donegall Street where a lying-in hospital was established in 1794. It moved to larger premises in Townsend Street in November 1904. The current facility was built on a site previously occupied by the Belfast Asylum, to the immediate south of the Royal Victoria Hospital. It was officially opened by Lucy Baldwin in October 1933. It joined the National Health Service in 1948. After services were transferred from the Jubilee Maternity Hospital, which had been the maternity unit at the Belfast City Hospital, in May 2000, the facility at Grosvenor Road was renamed the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital.
# Rufus Oldenburger Medal

The Rufus Oldenburger Medal is an award given by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers recognizing significant contributions and outstanding achievements in the field of automatic control. It was established in 1968 in the honor of Rufus Oldenburger.

## Recipients

Source: ASME
* 1968: Rufus Oldenburger
* 1969: Nathaniel B. Nichols
* 1970: John R. Ragazzini
* 1971: Charles Stark Draper
* 1972: Albert J. Williams, Jr.
* 1973: Clesson E. Mason
* 1974: Herbert W. Ziebolz
* 1975: Hendrik Wade Bode and Harry Nyquist
* 1976: Rudolf E. Kálmán
* 1977: Gordon S. Brown and Harold L. Hazen
* 1978: Yasundo Takahashi [ja]
* 1979: Henry M. Paynter
* 1980: Arthur E. Bryson, Jr.
* 1981: Shih-Ying Lee
* 1982: Bernard Friedland
* 1983: Jesse Lowen Shearer
* 1984: Herbert H. Richardson
* 1985: Karl Johan Åström
* 1986: Eliahu I. Jury
* 1987: Walter R. Evans
* 1988: Robert H. Cannon, Jr.
* 1989: Jaakov Z. Tsypkin [ru]
* 1990: Harold Chestnut
* 1991: John G. Truxal
* 1992: Isaac M. Horowitz
* 1993: Lotfi A. Zadeh
* 1994: Howard H. Rosenbrock
* 1995: George Leitmann
* 1996: George D. Zames
* 1997: Thomas B. Sheridan
* 1998: David G. Luenberger
* 1999: Yu-Chi Ho
* 2000: Ioan Doré Landau
* 2002: Masayoshi Tomizuka
* 2003: Vadim Utkin
* 2004: Alistair MacFarlane
* 2005: Roger W. Brockett
* 2006: J. Karl Hedrick
* 2007: Suguru Arimoto [ja]
* 2008: A. Galip Ulsoy
* 2009: Neville J. Hogan
* 2010: Rolf Isermann [de]
* 2011: Haruhiko Harry Asada
* 2012: Mathukumalli Vidyasagar
* 2013: Graham C. Goodwin
* 2014: Robert R. Bitmead
* 2015: Manfred Morari
* 2016: Jean-Jacques Slotine
* 2017: Miroslav Krstić
* 2018: Roberto Horowitz
* 2019: Huei Peng
* 2020: Mark W. Spong
* 2021: Shankar Sastry
* 2022: Wayne J. Book
# Cheltenham High Street Halt railway station

vteRailways around Cheltenham :
Legend :
Cheltenham High Street Halt was a railway station on the Great Western Railway's Honeybourne Line between Cheltenham and Birmingham via Stratford-upon-Avon. It opened on 1 October 1908 and closed on 30 April 1917 due to the First World War, never to be reopened.
Situated on top of an embankment, the halt was a late addition to a site upon which something much larger and grander had originally been planned but was never built which was Townsend Street Station, whose ornate facade would have occupied almost all of the East side of Townsend Street, a thoroughfare to the west of the line.

## Facilities

The Halt had a pagoda-style shelter on each platform, and was unstaffed. Nothing exists today, save the steel bridge which still spans the road, now (2015) carrying a footpath.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Cheltenham Race Course Line closed, station open | Great Western Railway Honeybourne Line | Cheltenham Spa Malvern Road Line and station closed |
# ESO 235-58

ESO 235-58 is a galaxy in the constellation of Indus.
Its exact nature is uncertain. At first glance, it appears like a barred spiral galaxy seen face on. However, further examination has shown that what appears to be the bar is actually the main structure of an edge-on spiral galaxy, and the galaxy has structure like that of polar-ring galaxies.
# Charadra tapa

Charadra tapa is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita Mountains of south-eastern Arizona, although the species probably occurs in adjacent parts of Mexico.
The length of the forewings is 18 mm (0.71 in) for males and 19 mm (0.75 in) for females. The main flight period is from September to October; a single specimen from early May indicates there may be spring flight.
Larvae have been reared on Quercus gambelii.

## Etymology

The name tapa is an anagram of pata.