OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# December 1870 West Sydney colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of West Sydney on 30 December 1870 because John Robertson was appointed Colonial Secretary and William Windeyer was appointed Solicitor General in the third Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and the other ministers were all re-elected unopposed.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 16 December 1870 | Third Martin ministry appointed. |
| 17 December 1870 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 28 December 1870 | Nominations |
| 30 December 1870 | Polling day |
| 24 January 1871 | Return of writ |

## Result

1870 West Sydney by-election Friday, 30 December :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| John Robertson (re-elected 1) | John Robertson (re-elected 1) | 2,536 | 38.7 |
| William Windeyer (re-elected 2) | William Windeyer (re-elected 2) | 2,393 | 36.6 |
| Joseph O'Connor | Joseph O'Connor | 1,617 | 24.7 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 6,546 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 3,214 | 34.8 |
# Listed buildings in Nottingham

The listed buildings in the city of Nottingham are arranged by wards as follows:
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Aspley ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Basford ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Berridge ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Bilborough ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Bridge ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Bulwell ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Bulwell Forest ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Clifton North ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Clifton South ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Dale ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Dunkirk and Lenton ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Hyson Green and Arboretum ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Mapperley ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Porchester ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Radford and Park ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Sherwood ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (St Ann's ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Wollaton East and Lenton Abbey ward)
* Listed buildings in Nottingham (Wollaton West ward)
# Shōei Mishina

Shohei Mishina (三品彰英, Mishina Shōhei, 5 July 1902 – 19 December 1971) was a Japanese historian and mythologist specializing in the history of Korea and Japan. In 1928, Mishina graduated from the Faculty of History of Literature at Kyoto University. Before World War II he was a professor at Kyoto University and the Imperial Japanese Navy. In 1945, he retired as a professor from the Imperial Navy and began teaching at Ōtani University, where he was appointed professor in 1946. Later he was a professor at Dōshisha University between 1955 and 1960, and after that, he was director of the Osaka City Museum and professor at Bukkyo University.
Mishina was a teacher of the historian Hideo Inoue, and since 1960, he maintained in Kansai a Study Group composed of several researchers, about ancient Japanese history.
# Ctenjapyx parkeri

Ctenjapyx parkeri is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae. It is found in Central America.
# Denklingen Castle

Denklingen Castle is a historic building in the Denklingen district of Reichshof in the Oberbergischer Kreis of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## History

Originally Denklingen seems to have been the seat of the old Grafschaft Sayn court and there was already a castle on the site in the 14th century belonging to the Duke of Berg.
On 23 February 1413, Johann von Gimborn was granted possession of Denklingen for life by Duke Adolf of Berg together with the people of the parish Drolshagen. This tradition had its origin in the feudal system. Occupiers of fortified castles in the 14th century had certain obligations to their lord (castrum ligium). They could be called upon at any time to provide military assistance when the lord called for it.
On 24 August 1423, Engelbert von Scheidt, called Weschpfenning, was granted the fiefdom of the castle of Denklingen.
A document dated 1 September 1433, created when Duke Adolf formed an alliance with the landgrave Ludwig I of Hessen, directs that among other things Denklingen became an open house, "Unserem Slosse". On 29 November 1435 Duke Adolf pledged the castles of Windeck and Denklingen to his steward, Wilhelm von Nesselrode.
A document dated 6 December 1473, stated that Windeck and Denklingen had come under the ownership of the Ehrensteins.
Little is known about the history of the castle under bergischer management. This changes with the Siegburger treaty of 1604 which agreed a transfer of territories and people. On 2 December a ceremony when the new subjects declared their homage took place near Heisterstock bei Winterberg (Nümbrecht municipality) in the open air. The nobility of the new Berg lands were ordered on 11 March 1605 to take tribute to the castle at Denklingen and swear an oath of allegiance to the duke as lord.
The current building was originally a moated castle and dates from the 16th to the 18th century. In 1672 the management of the Windeck estates was moved to the castle. It was also called bursary office, because the steward officiated there.
In 1698, the 2-storey gate house was renovated. Nearby was a stone vault which had served earlier as a prison cell.
Restoration work at the castle was completed in 1987.

## Specific features today

* The castle is open to the public.
* A potter market is held in the castle court yearly at Pentecost.
* A wedding room is available for hire on the first floor.

## Sources

* ↑ Gemeinde Reichshof
* Oswald Gerhard: Eckenhagen and Denklingen in the change of the times. A home history of the former imperial court area Eckenhagen. Ed. from the home association Eckenhagen inc., Eckenhagen in 1953.
# First Cabinet of Edward Szczepanik

First Cabinet of Edward Szczepanik (Pierwszy rząd Edwarda Szczepanika) was the second-to-last of cabinets of the Polish Government in Exile, preceding Cabinet of Kazimierz Sabbat (who became President) and second Szczepanik Cabinet.
* Prime Minister: Edward Szczepanik
* Minister of Education: Czesław Czapliński
* Minister of the Treasury: Stanisław Borczyk
* Minister of the Emigrees Affairs: Zbigniew Scholtz
* Minister of Home Affairs: Ryszard Kaczorowski
* Minister of the Military Affairs: Lt. Col. Jerzy Morawicz
* Minister of Foreign Affairs: Zygmunt Szkopiak
* Minister of Justice: Stanisław Wiszniewski
* Minister of Information: Andrzej Czyżewski
* Minister of the Ordered Matters: Tadeusz Drzewiecki
* Minister of the Relations with USSR-occupied nations: Aleksander Snastin
* Secretary of the Council of Ministers: Jerzy Zaleski
# Warwickian RUFC

Warwickian Rugby Union Football Club or WRUFC, known as Warwickians, is a Rugby union club in Warwickshire, England. The team currently fields a 1st XV in the Midlands 5 West (South) League, and a 2nd XV .
The team is based at the Hampton Road Sports Ground, on Hampton Road, Warwick.

## History

Warwickian RUFC is a new rugby club established in 2004. It was formed by folding the two former clubs, Old Warwickian RFC and Warwick RFC, to produce one club for the playing and development of rugby in the town of Warwick and its environs.
Old Warwickian RUFC was formed in 1929 by the old boys of Warwick School, the Old Warwickian Association. It has been based at Hampton Road Sports Ground with 2 pitches and a clubhouse since September 1980. In 1989 it incorporated another club, AP Lockheed, while retaining its name of Old Warwickian.
Warwick RFC was formed in 1976 by a splinter group of disaffected Old Warwickian players. They leased a ground from Warwick District Council on St Mary's Lands, Hampton Road. The Council gave the rugby club notice to quit due to redevelopment work along Hampton Road following Council's sale of land for development.
With neither Club hitting the rugby heights and Warwick RFC homeless, it was a logical decision to amalgamate the Clubs into one new entity. The benefits of combined resources on and off the field are immediately apparent.
The 1st XV plays rugby in the Midland 5 West (South) League . The 2nd XV is a development side to bring new or young players through to the first team by playing alongside established players.
1 September 2007 saw the official opening of the new Warwickian Clubhouse jointly by the Mayor of Warwick and the President of Warwickshire RFU. This magnificent facility has been built to the highest standards and includes 4 large changing rooms, showers and separate referees changing and shower. The large, airy Club room houses a Bar, of course, with a professionally equipped kitchen off. Outside the Club boasts 2 pitches, with space for a third, and a floodlit training area.

## Honours

Old Warwickians (Parent club)
* Staffordshire/Warwickshire 3 champions: 1994–95
# Schinia rufocostulata

Schinia rufocostulata is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is only known from south-western Texas.
# Schaer

Schaer, Schär, or Schar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fabian Schär (born 1991), Swiss footballer
* Jean-Marc Schaer (born 1953), French retired professional football striker
* Michael Schär (born 1986), Swiss professional road bicycle racer
* Manuela Schär (born 1984), Swiss Paralympic athlete
* Gary Schaer (born 1951), American Democratic Party politician
* Dwight Schar (born 1942), an American businessman, philanthropist, and Republican Party financial supporter
* Fritz Schär (1926–1997), Swiss cyclist
* Andrew Schär (born 1981), South African-born composer, actor, and musician
* Miriam Schaer (born 1956), American artist
* Robin Beth Schaer, American poet
# Lucas v. United States

Lucas v. United States, 163 U.S. 612 (1896), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that whether a Black Freedman was a member of the Choctaw Nation was a question of fact for the jury, and his non-Indian status may not be presumed.

## Background

The Choctaw Nation was one of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory (now the eastern part of Oklahoma), and under their treaty with the United States, were allowed to have its own court system to try Indian on Indian crime. When the crime was Choctaw on Choctaw, the tribal courts would handle the trial, but if it involved a non-tribal member, the case was handled by the federal court in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Tribal members included Freedmen, African-Americans who had been slaves and who had been adopted by the tribe after the Civil War.
In 1894, Eli Lucas, a member of the Choctaw Nation, was indicted in the Circuit Court for the Western District of Arkansas for the murder of Levy Kemp, an African-American. In 1895, Lucas was tried in Judge Isaac Parker's court, where witnesses said that Lucas had followed Kemp after a ball game and killed him. The defense claimed that Lucas was not truthful when he had boasted that he had killed Kemp, but that some other, unknown person had committed the murder. Lucas was convicted of murder, and sentenced to hang.
Lucas's attorneys filed an appeal, and the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case.

## Supreme Court

Justice George Shiras, Jr. delivered the opinion of the Court. Although the Court agreed that Kemp was not a Choctaw Freedman and therefore not a member of the tribe, it held that Judge Parker had erred. The trial court should not have presumed that Kemp was not a member of the tribe, the government should have been required to prove that element in order to establish jurisdiction. Shiras noted that §§ 2145–2146, Revised Statutes, stated that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over Indian on Indian crime where the tribe had a tribal court. He also held that allowing John LeFlore testify as to what Kemp had told him was hearsay and inadmissible. The Court ordered that Lucas be retried, and reversed his conviction. Lucas was then released to the Choctaw Nation for trial.
# Schildau

Schildau is a small town in the district Nordsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located 12 km southwest of Torgau and 40 km east of Leipzig. Since 1 January 2013, it is part of the town Belgern-Schildau.

## History

From 1815 to 1944, Schildau was part of the Prussian Province of Saxony, from 1944 to 1945 of the Province of Halle-Merseburg, from 1945 to 1952 of the State of Saxony-Anhalt, from 1952 to 1990 of the Bezirk Leipzig of East Germany and since 1990 of Saxony.

## Notable people

* August Neidhardt von Gneisenau (1760-1831), Prussian field marshal
# Schoevers

Instituut Schoevers, known commonly as Schoevers, is a privately owned educational institution in the Netherlands, training students mainly for administrative positions. It was founded in Amsterdam in 1913, and launched a secretarial course in 1922 for young women.

## History

The institute was founded by Adriaan Schoevers in January 1913 as a school for trade and office. Administrative work at that time was mostly conducted by men, but this began to shift from that point on.
Schoevers believed that training should be enjoyed with pleasure, and taught the girls to type blindly to the rhythm of the Charleston.
# Schaffner

Schaffner is a surname, and may refer to:
* Dwite H. Schaffner (1889–1955), American Medal of Honor recipient
* Franklin J. Schaffner (1920–1989), American film director
* Hans Schaffner (1908–2004), Swiss liberal politician
* Jakob Schaffner (1875–1944), Swiss novelist
* John Henry Schaffner (1866–1939), American botanist
* Kenneth F. Schaffner (born 1939), American philosopher
* Nicholas Schaffner (1953–1991), American writer on popular music
* William Schaffner (1941–1970), United States Air Force pilot
# Lucio D'Ubaldo

Lucio D'Ubaldo (born 23 February 1955) is an Italian politician.
D'Ubaldo was born in Magliano Sabina, Rieti. He earned his BA in Philosophy, he is also writer and journalist.
Lucio D'Ubaldo is a member of national board of Democratic Party (Italy).
He has been Secretary General of ANCI, the National Association of Italian Municipalities (1986–1996), president of Health Agency of Latium (2005–2010), member of the board of Italian bank Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, member of the Accademia degli Incolti (1994-), member of the executive body of the Municipality of Rome (2006–2008).
He has been President of the Italy-USA Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Rome, Italy.
Elected to Italian Senate in 2008, member of the Finance Committee.
# Schinzel–Giedion syndrome

Schinzel–Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a congenital neurodegenerative terminal syndrome. It was first described in 1978 by Albert Schinzel (1944–) and Andreas Giedion (1925–) as a syndrome with severe midface retraction, skull anomalies, renal anomalies (hydronephrosis) and other anomalies. Babies born with Schinzel–Giedion syndrome have severe mental retardation, growth retardation (unless fed through a feeding tube) and global developmental delay.

## Diagnosis

Genetic testing for mutations in SETBP1 gene can confirm a diagnosis.

## Symptoms

Patients with this can have hydronephrosis, seizures, visual impairments, or alacrima.
Sleep apnea may also be present,

## Prognosis

Most children with condition die before 2 years of age.$^{:306}$ With it being estimated that 50% will die before 2 years of age. Death during infancy is due to pneumonia, cardiac arrest, tumors, lung hypoplasia, or seizures.
The longest documented survivor is 15 years old. Children with this condition who survive past infancy have a higher risk of developing tumors.

## Causes

According to National Organization for Rare Disorders, the disorder is not inherited from the parents. It is caused by a new spontaneous mutation of the SETBP1 gene. The SETBP1 gene is a cancer promoting gene, and affected children who survive past three years of age are at risk for different types of cancer.

## Epidemiology

The exact prevalence of Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is unknown. But, about 50 to 80 cases have been reported in literature.$^{:306}$ Although the occurrence of this disorder is thought to be higher.
According to Orphanet, the condition occurs in 1 in 1 million people.
The condition affects both males and females equally.
# Schizothyrioma

Schizothyrioma is a genus of fungi in the family Dermateaceae. The genus contains 2 species.
# Lucius Antonius

Lucius Antonius is a combination of praenomen and family name (nomen) used by ancient Roman men from a plebeian branch of the gens Antonia, including:
* Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony)
* Lucius Antonius (grandson of Mark Antony) (20 BC–34)
# Lucius Antistius Vetus (consul 55)

Lucius Antistius Vetus (died AD 65) was a Roman senator who lived during the Principate. He was consul for the year 55 as the colleague of the emperor Nero.
He is thought to be the son of Gaius Antistius Vetus, consul in 23, and the brother of Gaius Antistius Vetus, consul in 50; Paul von Rohden speculates Vetus might be identical with the L. Antistius C. f. Aem(ilia) Vetus augur mentioned in the inscription CIL XIV, 2849. His daughter Antistia Politta married the senator Rubellius Plautus.
Immediately after his consulate, Vetus was appointed governor of Germania Superior, where he attempted construction of a canal that would join the Rhine and Rhone rivers and facilitate traffic. He was replaced in this position in the year 56 by Titus Curtilius Mancia. The sortition awarded him governorship of Asia for 64/65; during that time, he had Claudius Demianus imprisoned for serious crimes.
However, in the year 65 Vetus gained the enmity of the emperor Nero. Tacitus claims it was because he was the father-in-law of Rubellius Plautus, whom Nero had executed several years before, although Vetus was also accused of wrongdoing by his freedman Fortunatus and Claudius Demianus; Nero had released Demianus in return for his accusations against Vetus. After Vetus retired to his estate at Formiae, his daughter Politta sought to plead his case before the emperor, but as she was forbidden to approach him, according to Tacitus "she would haunt his doors and implore him to hear an innocent man." Nevertheless, Nero ignored her and she returned to her father with news of his impending judgment of the Senate. Vetus then manumitted his slaves, giving them all his ready money and ordered each to take of his possessions whatever they could carry, and with his daughter and mother-in-law Sextia, the three committed suicide.
# Schrepfer

Schrepfer or Schröpfer is a German language occupational surname for a barber-surgeon's assistant (Schröpfer literally means "cupping practitioner", Schröpfen "cupping") and may refer to:
* Johann Georg Schrepfer (1738–1774), German charlatan, independent Freemason and necromancer
* Nikole Schrepfer (1964), Swiss swimmer
* Susan Schrepfer (1941–2014), American environmental historian
# Schreyer

Schreyer is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* A. M. Schreyer (died 1919), American daredevil cyclist and athlete
* Adolf Schreyer (1828–1899), German painter
* Cindy Schreyer (born 1963), American golfer
* Dirk Schreyer (born 1944), German rower
* Edward Schreyer (born 1935), Canadian politician
* Frank-Olaf Schreyer, German mathematician
* Fred Schreyer, American bowling official
* Helmut Schreyer (1912–1984), German inventor
* Lily Schreyer (born c. 1938), Canadian Viceregal Consort
* Lothar Schreyer (1886–1966), German artist
* Lynn Schreyer American mathematician
* Michaele Schreyer (born 1951), German European Commissioner
* Peter Schreyer (born 1953), German auto designer
* Wolfgang Schreyer (1927–2017), German writer
# Schoonouwen

Schoonouwen is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 8 km southeast of Gouda.
The statistical area "Schoonouwen", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 160.
Until 2015, Schoonouwen was part of Vlist.
# Schluff

Schluff is Krefeld's historic steam locomotive and one of the oldest private railways in Germany.
# Lucy Oldfield

Lucy Florence Oldfield (18 September 1925 – 4 July 1989) was a British chemist and Chairman of the London Section of the Society of Glass Technology. She was awarded a Glass Slipper for her work in glass technology.

## Early life and education

Lucy Florence Oldfield was born on 18 September 1925, to Sidney and Florence Oldfield (née Ambrose) in St Pancras, London.
Oldfield was educated at Harrow County School for Girls and then Bedford College, receiving her first Class Honours Degree in Chemistry in 1947. At first Oldfield worked as an analyst for British Drug Houses in London and was eventually accepted as a post graduate research student at Imperial College.
In 1952 Oldfield was awarded a PhD for her research in electrochemistry at Imperial College. In November 1951, Oldfield had completed her practical work and most of her thesis when she joined the GEC Research Laboratories.

## Career

It was R.W. Douglas who first engaged Oldfield into the work of glass technology. Her primary interests were in the structure of glass and the relationship between composition, structure and both physical and electrical properties. Oldfield's first job in the glass industry was to try and isolate and identify the defects in the TV tube components being manufactured on a Lynch press at the GEC Lemington Glass Works.
In 1975, Oldfield was named as the inventor of a defect-free production process for laser glass. Laser glass is used to amplify laser light to the higher energies required for scientific experiments.

## Society of Glass Technology

In 1958, Oldfield joined the Society of Glass Technology as a personal member later being awarded with the Fellowship in 1965 and in 1967 she was the second person to receive the London Section Redston Award. She served on the Board of Fellows in two different positions over three periods. She was on Council for two periods, 1959 to 1962 and then 1966 to 1969. She was presented as vice president in 1969–1972. She served the committee for twelve years and was chairman of the London section in 1960–1961. Oldfield was both a member of the Basic Science and Technology Committee from its inception, and both the Physical Properties Committee and Chemical Analysis Committee. Additionally, she also represented the Society on BSI committees dealing with standards for street lanterns and electrical lamps. She also served on the Guilds of London Advisory Committee for the glass manufacturing and process industries.

## Death and commemoration

Oldfield died on 4 July 1989 in Harrow, Middlesex, aged 63.
The Society of Glass Technology commemorates Dr Oldfield with the annual Oldfield Award, offering three prizes for research projects carried out by either undergraduate or taught masters students.
# Schriever

Schriever may refer to:
* Schriever, Louisiana, census-designated place named for John G. Schriever (see below)
** Schriever (Amtrak station)
* Schriever Township, South Dakota
* Schriever Air Force Base, a US military base near Colorado Springs, Colorado, named after General Schriever (see below)
* Schriever (surname)
# Scandal in a Small Town

Scandal in a Small Town is a 1988 television film directed by Anthony Page and starring Raquel Welch.

## Plot

Leda Beth Vincent lives in the small town of Shiloh. Her daughter Julie is a high school student who experiences anti-Semitic propaganda in her history class. Leda thinks this is unacceptable and tries to fight the Board of Education. She is forced to take them and the teacher responsible to court.

## Cast of characters

* Raquel Welch as Leda Beth Vincent
* Christa Denton as Julie Vincent
* Frances Lee McCain as Gwendolyn McLeod
* Robin Gammell as Professor Paul Martin
* Peter Van Norden as Lawyer
* Ronny Cox as George Baker
* Mickey Jones as Glenn
* Peter Palmer as Scottie
* Harold Pruett as Michael