# List of Tulostoma species

Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin.
The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992), Mexico (1995), Venezuela (2000), Tunisia (2002), China (2005), and Argentina.

## Infrageneric classification

Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa. Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species:

### Subgenus Tulostoma

    Series Tubulares
       Section Brumalia
       Section Hyphales
       Section Granulosae
       Section Volvulata
       Section Meristostoma
    Series Fimbriata
       Section Fimbriata
       Section Poculata
       Section Exasperata
       Section Dubiostoma
       Section Rickiana

### Subgenus Lacerostoma

       Section Lacerata

## Key

| Scientific name | Latin binomial name of the species |
| Section | Section to which the species belongs |
| Classified | Year in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species |
| Distribution | Continental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiable |
| Refs | Citation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution |
| Scientific name | Classified | Section | Distribution |
| T. adhaerens | 1923, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Australia |
| T. albicans | 1901, V.S.White | | Australia, Europe, North America, South America, |
| T. albiceps | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | | Asia |
| T. albocretaceum | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Meristostoma | Asia |
| T. album | 1891, Massee | Meristostoma | Australia |
| T. americanum | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | North America, South America |
| T. amnicola | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia, Tunisia |
| T. andrejevianum | 1970, Philimonova & Schwarzmann | Dubiostoma | Asia |
| T. aurasiacum | 1905, Pat. | Brumalia | North Africa, Asia (?) |
| T. australianum | 1906, Lloyd | Lacerata | Africa (?), Australia, South America (?) |
| T. beccarianum | 1904, Bres. | Brumalia | Southern Europe, South America |
| T. berkleyi | 1906, Lloyd | Fimbriata | North America |
| T. berteroanum | 1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & Trotter | Poculata | South America, Tunisia |
| T. brasiliense | 1972, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | Australia (?), North America, South America |
| T. brumale | 1794, Pers. | | Asia, Europe, North America, South America |
| T. caespitosum | 1891, Trab. | Brumalia | Africa, Asia, North America, South America |
| T. cerebrisporum | 2000, J.E.Wright | | South America |
| T. chevalieri | 1911, Har. & Pat. | Hyphales | Africa |
| T. chudaei | 1907, Pat. | Meristostoma | Africa, Australia, North America, South America |
| T. cineraceum | 1947, Long | Meristostoma | Asia |
| T. clathrosporum | 1987, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | North America |
| T. costatum | 1980, B. Liu | | Asia |
| T. cretaceum | 1944, Long | Lacerata | North America, South America |
| T. cyclophorum | 1906, Lloyd | Poculata | Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America |
| T. delbustoi | 1987, J.E. Wright | Fimbriata | South America |
| T. dennisii | 1987, J.E. Wright | Granulosae | South America |
| T. domingueziae | 2011, Hern.Caffot | | South America |
| T. dumeticola | 1987, Long | Granulosae | Central America, North America, South America |
| T. exasperatosporum | 1983, J.E. Wright | | Africa |
| T. exasperatum | 1842, Mont. | Brumalia | Pantropical |
| T. excentricum | 1944, Long | Hyphales | Asia, North America |
| T. exitum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Lacerata | Asia |
| T. fimbriatum | 1829, Fr. | Fimbriata | Europe |
| T. floridanum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | North America |
| T. fulvellum | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Europe, Japan |
| T. giganteum | 1987, J.E. Wright | Hyphales | North America |
| T. giovanellae | 1881, Bres. | Brumalia | Africa, Europe |
| T. graciliceps | 1987, J.E. Wright | Poculata | Africa, Mexico |
| T. helanshanense | 1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & Du | Brumalia | Asia |
| T. herteri | 1942, Lohwag & Swoboda | Dubiostoma | North America, South America |
| T. hollosii | 1956, Z. Moravec | Poculata | Europe |
| T. hygrophilum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia |
| T. innermongolicum | 1984, Liu | Dubiostoma | Asia |
| T. involucratum | 1944, Long | Brumalia | Africa, North America, South America |
| T. jourdani | 1886, Pat. | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America |
| T. kogaschiki | 1970, Schwarzmann & Philimonova | Hyphales | Asia |
| T. kotlabae | 1958, Pouzar | Brumalia | Europe |
| T. kreiselii | 2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & Altés | | Africa |
| T. laceratum | 1834, Ehrenberg | | |
| T. lacrimisporum | 2005, L. Fan & B. Liu | | Asia |
| T. leiosporum | 1909, R.E.Fr. | Fimbriata | South America |
| T. lejospermum | 1922, Spegazzini | Lacerata | South America |
| T. leprosum | 1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc. | Granulosae | Australia |
| T. lesliei | 1921, Van der Byl | Hyphales | Africa |
| T. lloydii | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Europe, North America |
| T. longii | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | North America |
| T. lysocephalum | 1944, Long | Hyphales | North America |
| T. lusitanicum | 2000, Calonge & M.G.Almeida | | Europe |
| T. macalpinianum | 1906, Lloyd | Granulosae | Australia, South America |
| T. macowanii | 1904, Bres. | Poculata | Africa, Australia (?) |
| T. macrocephalum | 1944, Long | Meristostoma | North America, South America |
| T. macrosporium | 1925, G.Cunn. | Hyphales | Africa, Australia, North America |
| T. melanocyclum | 1904, Bres. | Brumalia | Europe, North America |
| T. meridionale | 1972, J.E.Wright | | North America, South America |
| T. meristostoma | 1944, Long | Meristostoma | North America, South America |
| T. mohavei | 1920, Lloyd | Hyphales | Asia, North America, South America |
| T. montanum | 1886, Pat. | Hyphales | Africa, North America, South America |
| T. moravecii | 1958, Pouzar | Brumalia | Europe |
| T. mussooriense | 1901, Hennings | | Asia |
| T. nanum | 1987, (Pat.) J.E.Wright | Hyphales | Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America |
| T. nigeriense | 1987, J.E.Wright | | Africa |
| T. niveum | 1978, Kers | Brumalia | Europe |
| T. obesum | 1878, Cooke & Ellis | | South America |
| T. obscurum | 1972, J.E.Wright | Poculata | North America |
| T. opacum | 1944, Long | Poculata | North America |
| T. pluriosteum | 1947, Long & S.Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia |
| T. portoricense | 1987, J.E.Wright | Fimbriata | Puerto Rico |
| T. pseudopulchellum | 1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.Wright | | Europe |
| T. pubescens | 1925, G. Cunn. | Hyphales | Australia |
| T. pulchellum | 1890, Sacc. | Poculata | Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America |
| T. purpusii | 1898, Henn. | Brumalia | Africa, Australia, North America, South America |
| T. pusillum | 1842, Berk. | Granulosae | Asia, Caribbean, South America |
| T. pygmaeum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Australia, North America, South America |
| T. readerii | 1906, Lloyd | Fimbriata | Australia |
| T. reticulatum | 1980, B.Liu | | Australia |
| T. rickii | 1906, Lloyd | Rickiana | South America |
| T. rivulosum | 1947, Long | Hyphales | North America |
| T. rufum | 1906, Lloyd | Hyphales | Africa, Europe, North America |
| T. semisulcatum | 1895, Peck | Brumalia | North America |
| T. simulans | 1906, Lloyd | Brumalia | Africa, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South America |
| T. sinense | 1987, J.E.Wright | Brumalia | Asia |
| T. squamosum | 1801, Pers. | Brumalia | Europe, North America |
| T. striatum | 1925, G. Cunn. | Poculata | Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America |
| T. subfuscum | 1901, V.S. White | Poculata | Africa, Australia, North America, Middle East |
| T. submembranaceum | 1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. Wright | | North America |
| T. subsquamosum | 1947, Long & S. Ahmad | Hyphales | Asia, South America |
| T. thiersii | 1987, J.E. Wright | Brumalia | North America, South America |
| T. transvaali | 1921, Lloyd | Exasperata | Africa |
| T. utahense | 1987, J.E. Wright | | North America |
| T. verrucosum | 1890, Morgan | Granulosae | North America |
| T. verrucicapillitium | 2005, L.Fan & B.Liu | | Asia |
| T. volvulatum | 1865, I.G.Borshchov | Volvulata | Africa, Asia, Europe, North America |
| T. wightii | 1842, Cooke & Ellis | Rickiana | Asia |
| T. xerophilum | 1946, Long | Brumalia | North America |