OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Homochlodes disconventa

Homochlodes disconventa is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1860 and is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Homochlodes disconventa is 6813.
# Mugii Murum-ban State Conservation Area

Mugii Murum-ban State Conservation Area is north of Lithgow, north-east of Capertee and south-east of Mudgee.
The park is 3,650 hectares in area and is bounded to the south by the Glen Davis Road and Gardens of Stone National Park, and to the north by Capertee National Park. Land to the east and west is largely cleared farming land, with some remnant bushland. Lands not included in the park include Airly Gap Trail and a number of partially cleared private properties along Airly Gap Trail and at the base of the Genowlan mesa.
The park contains a variety of ecosystems and supports several threatened plants and animals and two threatened ecological communities. The park also contains mineral deposits including deposits of coal.

## History

Mugii Murum-ban is the Wiradjuri name of Charlie Riley. Mugii means 'a mopoke owl' and murum-ban means ‘eldest son’.
The area is of particular significance to the Wiradjuri Aboriginal People. It also contains numerous significant historic heritage sites particularly mining related.

## Geology

Mugii Murum-ban State Conservation Area is dominated by two prominent mesas, Genowlan and Airly Mountains, that rise 500 metres from the Capertee Valley. The area is one of dramatic valleys and canyons surrounded by cliffs and rock formations known as pagodas.

## Genowlan Mesa

The Genowlan mesa is topped by hundreds of 'pagoda' rock formations. Notable formations include the 'Citadel', the 'Valley of the Kings', and the 'Grotto' with 20 metre tall Brown Barrel eucalypt trees and four metre tall tree ferns. Over 340 plant and 75 mammal and bird species can be found. Small areas of basalt on top of the sandstone add to the diversity. The narrow sandstone headland of Genowlan Point is home to a unique and relict plant community which comprises Johnson's Grass Tree, Allocasuarina nana and Micromyrtus sessilis.

## Mount Airly

Mount Airly lies to the west of Genowlan Mountain and is separated from it by Airly Gap. The underlying oil shale deposits were developed for oil export by individual miners in 1893. Extraction occurred on the slopes of Airly Gap and also on the western side of Mount Airly. The New Hartley 'ghost town' near Airly Gap has remnants of tunnels, cableways, shale oil retorts, steam engines, dwellings, 'stone houses, transportation and mine ventilation chimneys. The ruins are on the New South Wales Heritage List. The northern and western edges of Mount Airly feature dramatic pagodas.
* "Pagoda" rock formations, Genowlan Mesa
* Capertee Valley, including Pantoneys Crown, from the Genowlan Mesa
* Fire trail on the Genowlan Mesa
* Protection for the threatened Genowlan Point Pea (Pultenaea sp. Genowlan Pt)
# Matthew Chervenak

Matthew Chervenak is an American entrepreneur who has founded several businesses, a nonprofit, and hosts a YouTube Interview Series: Reforming Congress Conversations, on strengthening the US Congress. Chervenak founded and leads The Sunwater Institute, nonprofit nonpartisan public policy think tank, AllSci Corp, a business focused on improving scientific knowledge creation, and Sunwater Capital, an investment firm.
In 2017, Chervenak founded The Sunwater Institute, a nonprofit nonpartisan think tank with a mission to strengthen the foundations of liberal democracy through interdisciplinary science, technology, and open dialogue. The Sunwater Institute is focused on research in four program areas, Congressional Reform, Intellectual Property, Rights and Liberties, and Group Decision Making.
Chervenak founded AllSci Corp in 2023, aiming to reframe the way scientific knowledge is created and shared. AllSci extracts scientific ‘atoms’ from the existing literature and allows scientists to publish ideas and experimental without barrier or delay, moving the peer review process to a continuous, post publication step.
Chervenak is the cofounder of Sunwater Capital, an investment firm focused on real estate, healthcare and data businesses.
Chervenak founded General Biologic (GBI), a Shanghai-based, healthcare focused consulting firm and data company in 2002 and sold it in 2023. He served as the Chairman of the Healthcare Committee at the American Chamber of Commerce (Amcham) in Shanghai. Prior to establishing General Biologic, Chervenak was a strategist at Sapient Corporation in New York City and researcher at New York University Medical Center and the National Institutes of Health. Chervenak graduated with a B.S. in Biology from Pennsylvania State University.
Chervenak regularly contributed to international publications and spoke at industry conferences about China's pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors from 2002-2012. In a 2005 editorial, Chervenak wrote that China's low-cost, highly skilled technologists and scientists, a strong track record in life-science research, a high-quality talent pool of returnee overseas Chinese, advantageous regulations and tax policy, and China's entrepreneurial culture, all contribute to create a bright future for China's life sciences industry.
Recently, Chervenak was the co-author of a policy report titled Measuring Intellectual Property Rights: Existing Indices, Addressing Gaps and Suggestions for Policymakers.
# Russowia

Russowia is a genus of Asian flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. The only known species is Russowia sogdiana, native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.
# Takifugu bimaculatus

Takifugu bimaculatus is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It is a marine species native to the Northwest Pacific, where it is known from the South China Sea off Vietnam, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea. It is demersal and reaches 30 cm (11.8 inches) SL. It is known to be toxic, although pufferfish from the genus Takifugu are often prepared and consumed as fugu.
# Nà Hỳ

Nà Hỳ is a commune (xã) and village of the Nậm Pồ District of Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.
19°34′N 104°32′E﻿ / ﻿19.567°N 104.533°E﻿ / 19.567; 104.533
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# Howard Kainz

Howard P. Kainz (born 1933) is professor emeritus at Marquette University, Milwaukee. He was a recipient of a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship for 1977-1978, and Fulbright fellowships in Germany for 1980-1981 and 1987-1988. Kainz advocates aspects of the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel.
Kainz is a founding member of the Hegel Society of America.

## Books

His major publications include "Active and Passive Potency" in Thomistic Angelology (1972); Hegel's Phenomenology, Part I: Analysis and Commentary (1976); Ethica Dialectica: A Study of Ethical Oppositions (1979); The Philosophy of Man (1981); Hegel's Phenomenology, Part II: The Evolution of Ethical and Religious Consciousness to the Absolute Standpoint (1983); Philosophical Perspectives on Peace (1987); Ethics in Context: Toward the Definition and Differentation of the Morally Good (1988); Paradox, Dialectic, and System: A Reconstruction of the Hegelian Problematic (1988); Democracy and the "Kingdom of God" (1993); Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Selections Translated and Annotated by Howard P. Kainz (1994); An Introduction To Hegel: The Stages Of Modern Philosophy (1996); GWF Hegel: The Philosophical System (1996); Politically Incorrect Dialogues (1999); Natural Law: an Introduction and Reexamination (2004); and The Philosophy of Human Nature (2008) and The Existence of God and the Faith-Instinct (2010). His Paradox, Dialectic, and System received the Choice Distinguished Scholarly Book award for 1988.
# Strymon rufofusca

Strymon rufofusca, known generally as the red-crescent scrub-hairstreak or red-crescent hairstreak, is a species of hairstreak in the butterfly family Lycaenidae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Strymon rufofusca is 4338.
# Lebanon Mason and Monroe Railroad

The Lebanon Mason & Monroe Railroad (LM&M Railroad) is a heritage railroad in Ohio. It offers passenger rides out of its depot in Lebanon, Ohio.

## Route history

The train operates on approximately 25 miles (40 km) of track between Lebanon, Mason and Monroe – all cities in southwestern Ohio. For most trips the LM&M runs 4.4 miles (7.1 km) south from Lebanon Station in downtown historic Lebanon to Hageman Junction. The train runs along the right-of-way of the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway (CL&N), a historic passenger and freight line that began operation in 1881 with narrow gauge track (3 ft (914 mm) between the rails). Three years later it was rebuilt to standard gauge. The CL&N was later acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) that operated both freight and passenger trains over the line between Dayton and Cincinnati. The passenger service over this line was primarily commuter trains that took people who lived in Warren County to jobs in Blue Ash, Norwood, Cincinnati and Dayton. The PRR discontinued Cincinnati passenger service over this line in 1931 after the opening of Cincinnati Union Terminal.
Continuity of the original right-of-way between Lebanon and Cincinnati was broken when interstate highway I-71 was constructed during the 1960s. Segments of the original CL&N/PRR trackage are still in operation as of 2008. The LM&M's track from Lebanon to Hageman Junction is currently owned by the city of Lebanon and Genesee & Wyoming (current owner of the Indiana and Ohio Railway) owns the remaining track. While the I&O continued to operate freight over the entire line, with the LM&M having trackage rights to operate passenger trains, in 2021 the I&O officially ended their status as designated operator of the Lebanon Branch, being replaced by CRC/LM&M.
# Homocitrate synthase

In enzymology, a homocitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    acetyl-CoA + H$_2$O + 2-oxoglutarate $\rightleftharpoons$ (R)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + CoA
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H$_2$O, and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are (R)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate and CoA.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl forming). Other names in common use include 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase, (CoA-acetylating), acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, and homocitrate synthetase. This enzyme participates in lysine biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism.
# Synnøve Solbakken

Synnøve Solbakken or Synnöve Solbakken may refer to:

## Novel

* Synnøve Solbakken (novel), 1857 Norwegian peasant novel by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

## Films based on the novel

* Synnöve Solbakken (1919 film), Swedish silent film
* Synnöve Solbakken (1934 film), Swedish film
* Synnöve Solbakken (1957 film), Swedish film

## Other

* Synnøve Solbakken (politician) (born 1957), Norwegian politician
# Sonoran green toad

The Sonoran green toad (Anaxyrus retiformis; in Spanish "sapo verde de Sonora" or "sapo verde sonorense") is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.

## Distribution and habitat

The Sonoran green toad is endemic to the counties of Pima and Pinal in Arizona in the south western United States and to northern Mexico. In the United States its range extends from near Mobile southwards to the San Cristobal Wash and the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and eastwards to the Mission San Xavier del Bac and the Altar Valley. In Mexico its range is from the west-central part of Sonora State northwards. Its altitudinal range is from 150 to 900 metres (490 to 2,950 ft). Its typical habitat is arid and semi-arid plains with grass, creosote bush, mesquite and saguaro.

## Behavior

The Sonoran green toad is nocturnal and little is known of its behavior outside the breeding season. It is thought that it may be fossorial, living underground for most of the year and emerging only in wet conditions, and it is not clear whether or not it estivates. Breeding takes place in July and August, the males appearing at breeding sites one to two days after heavy rain has fallen. The sites chosen are ditches, temporary pools, creek beds and cattle tanks. The males call from low vegetation within a few metres of the water. The call has been described as resembling "the buzzer on an electric alarm clock". When a female arrives in response to the male, they move together into the water, amplexus occurs and a batch of eggs is laid. The temporary waterbodies tend to dry up rapidly and it is thought that the eggs hatch within three days and the tadpoles develop to metamorphosis in two to three weeks.

## Status

The Sonoran green toad is inactive for about ten months of the year so information on it is limited. The population is believed to be stable as it has been redetected in most of its historic locations and has been discovered in a number of new ones. Females are sometimes collected for the pet trade or research but otherwise it faces few particular threats and increased irrigation may create new habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Russet apple

Russet apples are varieties and cultivars of apples that regularly exhibit russeting, partial or complete coverage with rough patches of greenish-brown to yellowish-brown colour. While russeting is generally an undesirable trait in modern cultivars, russet varieties are often seen as more traditional, and associated with aromatic flavours.

## Overview

Many apple cultivars have some natural russeting, but some are almost entirely covered in it, notably the Egremont Russet. Russet apples often exhibit a scent and flavour reminiscent of nuts, and are often very sweet. Despite this, modern apple breeders rarely accept russeting in new apple cultivars. The amount of russeting can be affected by various factors including, weather, disease or pest damage and agrochemical applications (e.g. insecticides, fungicides and growth regulators).
Russet apples also go under the name "rusticoat", "russeting" and "leathercoat". The name "leathercoat" was known in Shakespeare's time; for instance, in Henry IV, part 2, Davy says to Bardolph, "there's a dish of leathercoats for you".

## Types

* 'Acklam Russet'
* 'Adam's Pearmain'
* 'Ashmead's Kernel'
* 'Blenheim Orange'
* 'Belle de Boskoop'
* 'Braddick's Nonpareil'
* 'Claygate Pearmain'
* 'Egremont Russet'
* 'English Russet'
* 'Golden Russet'
* 'Hereford Russet'
* 'Knobby Russet'
* 'Merton Russet'
* 'Nonpareil'
* 'Reinette du Canada'
* Reinette Grise
* 'Ribston Pippin'
* 'Ross Nonpareil'
* 'Roxbury Russet' (also known as Boston Russet)
* 'Rudford Russet'
* 'St Edmund's Pippin'
* 'Sam Young'
* 'Tydeman's Late Orange'
* 'Winston'
# Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer

The Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer is given by the state government as part of its annual Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for Tamil (Kollywood) films.

## Winners

Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
| Year | Choreographer | Film |
| 1988 | Mugur Sundar | Agni Natchathiram |
| 1989 | D. K. S. Babu | Karagattakaran, Uthama Purushan |
| 1990 | Mugur Sundar | Anjali |
| 1991 | D. K. S. Babu | Chinna Thambi |
| 1992 | Raghuram | Thevar Magan |
| 1993 | Mugur Sundar | Gentleman |
| 1994 | Raju Sundaram | Kadhalan |
| 1995 | B. H. Tharun Kumar | Muthu |
| 1996 | K. Sivasankar | Poove Unakkaga |
| 1997 | Lalitha-Mani | Pistha |
| 1998 | Raju Sundaram | Jeans |
| 1999 | Lawrence Raghavendra | Kannupada Poguthaiya |
| 2000 | Brinda | Mugavaree |
| 2001 | Chinni Prakash | Thavasi |
| 2002 | Dinesh | King |
| 2003 | Ashok Raja | Thirumalai |
| 2004 | K. Sivasankar | Vishwa Thulasi |
| 2005 | Kala | Chandramukhi |
| 2006 | K. Sivasankar | Varalaru |
| 2007 | Brinda | Deepavali |
| 2008 | K. Sivasankar | Uliyin Osai |
| 2009 | Dinesh | Yogi |
| 2010 | Raju Sundaram | Paiyaa |
| 2011 | Raghava Lawrence | Kanchana |
| 2012 | Pandit Birju Maharaj | Vishwaroopam |
| 2013 | Shobi Paulraj | Pandiya Naadu |
| 2014 | Gayathri Raghuram | Nimirndhu Nil |
| 2015 | Brinda | Thani Oruvan |
# Nà Khoa

Nà Khoa is a commune (xã) and village of the Nậm Pồ District of Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.
21°54′N 102°42′E﻿ / ﻿21.900°N 102.700°E﻿ / 21.900; 102.700
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# Hotel du Vin

Hotel du Vin is a luxury boutique hotel chain that has nineteen hotels throughout the United Kingdom, co-founded by Gerard Basset and Robin Hutson.

## History

The hotel chain was founded in Winchester in 1994 by Gerard Basset and Robin Hutson, who had both previously worked at Chewton Glen hotel where Basset was the head sommelier and Hutson the managing director. The name "Hotel du Vin" was a reference to Basset's wine expertise. At the time Basset was a Master Sommelier; he went on to become a Master of Wine (1998). KSL Capital Partners purchased the Hotel du Vin chain and the Malmaison hotel chain early in 2013, before selling both hotel brands to Frasers Hospitality for £363m in 2015.

## Locations

Subsequent hotels were established in other locations including Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol Avon Gorge, Bristol City Centre, Cambridge, Cheltenham, Edinburgh, Exeter, Glasgow, Harrogate, Henley-on-Thames, Newcastle, Poole, St Andrews, Stratford Upon Avon, Tunbridge Wells, Wimbledon, Winchester and York. As of 2019, Hotel du Vin were operating nineteen hotels across the UK, primarily in university locations and cathedral cities.
Plans have been submitted in 2019 to convert Pearl Assurance House into a 70 bedroom site in Manchester which will also feature a rooftop bar.
# Minuano

Minuano is a cold southwesterly wind that blows in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and in Uruguay. It has the same name of the indigenous Minuane people in the Portuguese language (in Spanish, the name of that people is Minuán, and the same wind is called pampero in Uruguay). It is widely mentioned in the Gaúcho folklore of the region. This wind originates from cold polar fronts that come from the southwest of South America during periods of high atmospheric pressure, usually following rains caused by the shock of the cold front with warmer stationary humid air. Sometimes it produces a "howling" sound.

## In popular culture

The opening track of the 1987 album Still Life (Talking) by American jazz band the Pat Metheny Group is named after the occurrence. The track, written by Metheny and Lyle Mays, was established as the mantra for the album, which prominently features Brazilian jazz-inspired works.
Jazz singer Kurt Elling also did a vocalese version of this same song as the leading cut on his "Man In The Air" album.
"Minuano" was the codename of "Jetstream" Samuel Rodrigues, a character in the video game Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, who is also Brazilian.
Brazilian singer and composer Rosa Passos wrote a song entitled "Minuano" in her album "Pano Pra Manga".
# Homalocalyx thryptomenoides

Homalocalyx thryptomenoides is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.
The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 1.0 metre (0.7 to 3.3 ft). It blooms between July and November producing pink-purple-red flowers.
It is found on sand plains in a large area in the Mid West, Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils.
# Mucolipidosis type IV

Mucolipidosis type IV (ML IV, ganglioside sialidase deficiency, or ML4) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Individuals with the disorder have many symptoms including delayed psychomotor development and various ocular aberrations. The disorder is caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes a non-selective cation channel, mucolipin1. These mutations disrupt cellular functions and lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder through an unknown mechanism. Researchers dispute the physiological role of the protein product and which ion it transports.

## Signs and symptoms

Most patients with ML IV show psychomotor retardation (i.e., delayed development of movement and coordination), corneal opacity, retinal degeneration and other ophthalmological abnormalities. Other symptoms include agenesis of the corpus callosum, iron deficiency resulting from an absence of acid secretion in the stomach, achlorhydria. Achlorhydria in these patients results in an increase in blood gastrin levels. These symptoms typically manifest early in life (within the first year). After disease onset there occurs a period of stability, typically lasting two to three decades during which very little disease progression occurs.

## Pathophysiology

Mucolipin1 is thought to be localized in endosomes. An important property of mucolipin1 is that decreasing pH (acidification) results in deactivation of the protein, likely through an assembly defect. There are at least 29 known mutations in MCOLN1, located throughout the gene. Many of the known mutations result in no expression of mucolipin1. Milder mutations, such as ΔF408 and V446L, produce a dysfunctioning form of the cation channel. Mutations that alter only the C-terminal of the protein also result in a mild phenotype of the disorder, usually sparing the brain. ML IV causes affected cells to accumulate auto-fluorescent vacuoles considered to be aberrant lysosomes. Several evidences exist for a defect in both exocytosis and endocytosis. There are conflicting indications of abnormal lysosomal pH in MLIV. It is not yet clear why these abnormalities will cause incomplete development of the brain, achlorhydria, and failure in the maintenance of retinal tissue.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis includes genetic testing and Gastrin blood test to check for low iron in the blood.

## Treatment

There is no specific treatment to this disorder. However, several symptoms may be alleviated. For instance, anemia is treated by iron supplements. Some of the movement deficiencies may be corrected with orthopedic intervention. The corneal clouding can be, at least, temporarily corrected by corneal transplantation. See the equivalent section in the main mucolipidosis article.

## Epidemiology

Mucolipidosis type IV is severely under-diagnosed. It is often misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. In the Ashkenazi Jewish population there are two severe mutations with a higher carrier frequency of 1:90 to 1:100.
# Matta Kharai

Matta Kharirai is an administrative unit, known as union council, of Tehsil Matta Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. District Swat has 9 Tehsils, including Khwazakhela, Kabal, Madyan, Barikot, Mingora, Charbagh, and Kalam. Each Tehsill comprises a number of union councils. Of the 65 union councils in district Swat, 56 are rural and 9 urban.