OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hooker Dam

Hooker Dam was a proposed dam on the Gila River in New Mexico, planned as a major component of the Central Arizona Project. Located near the mouth of the river's canyon upstream from the confluence of the Gila with Mogollon Creek and below Turkey Creek, the dam was to be part of the CAP's Gila River Division, authorized under the 1968 Colorado River Basin Project Act. The project was planned to provide 18,000 acre-feet (0.022 km$^3$)/year of water to western New Mexico.
Hooker Dam was to be located in Gila National Forest near the boundary of the Gila Wilderness. The proposed reservoir would have extended into the Gila Wilderness. Opposition to the dam came from The Wilderness Society and the Sierra Club, as well as from Arizona, which did not wish for New Mexico to retain the waters of the Gila. The enabling legislation included the phrase "Hooker Dam or a suitable alternative" to pacify conservationists who objected to the project. Acting on a report from the Carter Administration, Congress deleted funding for Hooker Dam in 1978, but left the project authorization in place. A 1982 United States Bureau of Reclamation study indicated that Hooker Dam satisfied no existing need in New Mexico, with a significant environmental impact. As a result, the dam was removed from the CAP by Reclamation. Ground water was expected to satisfy local requirements through 2010, and the dam would impact critical habitat for two species of threatened fish, the spike dace and the loach minnow.
A 2004 agreement between Arizona and New Mexico, the Arizona Water Settlements Act of 2004, limited New Mexico's consumption of Gila River water to 14,000 acre-feet (0.017 km$^3$)/year, with stipulations on minimum pass-through flows, all subject to a reserve of 30,000 acre-feet (0.037 km$^3$) in Arizona's San Carlos Lake. New Mexico is to present a plan to develop its rights by 2014; none of the options presently being considered involve a major dam. Water would be diverted from the Gila through perforated pipes in an infiltration gallery, or simply pumped from the river.
# Nüzül

Nüzül was a tax in the Ottoman Empire.

## Mechanism

Nüzül was designed as a form of requisitioning from farms, to feed Ottoman armed forces; large quantities of food were needed to support Ottoman armies in the field. Flour was a major constituent in the 16th-17th century. Producers were expected to deliver nüzül to the required destination, and were not paid for this. Nüzül was supervised by the local kadis, an official who acted as both a judge and a tax-collector; Ottoman central government determined the kadi's jurisdiction, and set the levels of taxes to be collected - they were even required to arrange supplies of ship biscuit, in parallel with nüzül provision.
A waqf might be founded to help a specific community pay their nüzül and avariz obligations. Frontier areas, such as Bosnia, might be exempted from these tax obligations (much as some pastoral groups in the marcher-land were given tax exemptions on the understanding that they would raid enemy territory).

## History

Nüzül collection, as an irregular tax, began at least as early as the start of the 16th century. Initially, Nüzül was seen as an alternative to avariz, which was a cash tax; in times of war, villages might be required to supply food to army supply points, or they might be required to supply cash; but never both. Over time, this relationship changed, and both might be demanded. As with other Ottoman taxes, what was originally a requirement for payment "in kind" became a cash tax over time. A related concept was sursat, which was an obligation for food producers to sell food at prices dictated by central government.
Detailed Ottoman tax registers survive which show the levels and details of taxation in different provinces. Although the tax burden was very variable, nüzül and avariz were very important taxes in the 17th century - for instance, they represented 58% of all tax revenue in Manastir in 1621-1622 - but by the 18th century their importance had declined, and more money was collected through other taxes.
# Laurie McArthur

Lawrence Alexander "Laurie" McArthur (20 August 1930 – 3 March 1996) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Hamilton to small farmer Alexander McArthur and his wife Ruth. He attended Marist Brothers College in South Australia and Ballarat Teachers' College, becoming a schoolteacher. He worked in the public education system, and was a member of the Labor Party. In 1982 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as the member for Nunawading, serving until his defeat in 1988. He died in 1996.
# Strond

Strond is a former village in the north of the town of Klaksvík on the sound of Haraldssund in the Faroe Islands.
It is situated on Borðoy on the causeway connecting Borðoy and Kunoy. Since 1930 no people have lived there. There is a power plant there, first made as a hydro-electric power plant, but later it was expanded with a diesel power plant. Sund was first mentioned in old documents in 1584.
Strond is currently the home to the world's largest smolt farm on land, which is owned and operated by the salmon producer, Bakkafrost. The project is estimated to cost between 600-700m danish kroner. The smolt farm was finished by the end of 2020, but they started production in 2018, with only half of the farm finished. It is today operating at full capacity with ten different farm halls, and is on a yearly basis raising around 14 million smolt. The smolt farm manages to reuse and recirculate 99% of its water. This is done by using biofilters in every hall.
# Mukim Telisai

Mukim Telisai is a mukim in Tutong District, Brunei. The population was 10,095 in 2016.

## Etymology

The mukim is named after Kampong Telisai, one of the villages it encompasses.

## Geography

The mukim is located in the western part of Tutong District, bordering the South China Sea to the north, Mukim Pekan Tutong to the north-east, Mukim Tanjong Maya to the east, Mukim Ukong to the south-east, and Mukim Bukit Sawat and Mukim Liang in Belait District to the south and south-west respectively.

## Demographics

As of 2016 census, the population was 10,095 with 51.2% males and 48.8% females. The mukim had 1,768 households occupying 1,768 dwellings. The entire population lived in rural areas.

## Administration

As of 2021, the mukim comprised the following villages:
| Settlements | Population (2021) | Ketua kampung (2024) |
| Kampong Bukit Beruang | 9,835 | — |
| RPN Bukit Beruang | 9,835 | Moksin bin Haji Moktar |
| RPN Bukit Beruang Area 1 | 9,835 | Mohammad Sahan bin Mumtazali |
| RPN Bukit Beruang Area 2 | 9,835 | Azman bin Haji Ismail (Overseer) |
| RPN Bukit Beruang Area 3 | 9,835 | Azman bin Haji Ismail |
| RPN Bukit Beruang Area 4 | 9,835 | Azman bin Haji Ismail (Overseer) |
| Kampong Bukit Pasir | 49 | — |
| Kampong Telamba | 265 | — |
| Kampong Telisai | 1,802 | Sofian bin Haji Md Yusof |
| Kampong Panapar-Danau | 274 | — |
| Kampong Tumpuan Ugas | 274 | — |
| Kampong Danau | 45 | Haji Mahmud bin Haji Johari |
| Kampong Penyatang | 98 | — |
| Kampong Keramut | 326 | — |
| Kampong Sungai Paku | 274 | — |
| Kampong Pangkalan Dalai | 5 | — |
| Kampong Binchaya | 6 | — |
# Song Mi-jin

Song Mi-jin (born March 23, 1983), known as Emily Song is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a member of Taiwanese girl group Dream Girls.

## Filmography
### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 2009 | Invincible Lee Pyung Kang | clerk | KBS2 |
| 2013 | Fabulous Boys | herself | FTV, GTV |
| 2014 | Adhere to the Spirit | Mi-jin | MBC Music |
| 2015 | Rainbow Fairy | | |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2013 | Rhythm of the Rain | |
# Rungano Jonas Zvobgo

Professor Rungano Jonas Zvobgo (born 1948) is the Vice Chancellor of Great Zimbabwe University in Zimbabwe. His second term ends in 2022. Prior to this position, Professor Zvobgo had been Principal of Gweru Teacher's College and subsequently the first deputy vice chancellor of Midlands State University. Professor Zvobgo is also a representative of the southern region for the Association of African Universities (AAU).

## Background

Professor Zvobgo comes from one of Zimbabwe's most illustrious families. His most famous brother, Dr Eddison Zvobgo, was a founding member of ZANU, and his other brother, Professor Chengetayi Zvobgo, was a renowned historian at the University of Zimbabwe. Both brothers are now late. Their father was a prominent leader in the Dutch Reformed Church in the Masvingo area.

## Career

Being a member of a political member meant that the younger Zvobgo, like his older brothers, lived in exile in the 1970s. He first studied in India, and eventually obtained a PhD in Educational Studies from the University of Edinburgh in 1980 presenting the thesis Government and missionary policies on African secondary education in Southern Rhodesia: with special reference to the Anglican and Wesleyan Methodist churches, 1934-1971. He then returned to Zimbabwe after independence and worked at various institutions of higher education. When Gweru Teacher's College where he presided over as Principal was upgraded into a state university he became a member of the founding executive as deputy vice chancellor. Zvobgo is a renowned educationist.

## Publications

* Transforming Education: The Zimbabwean Experience (College Press, 1986)
* Colonialism and Education in Zimbabwe (SAPES, 1994)
* The State, Ideology and Education (Mambo Press, 1997)
* The Post-colonial State and Educational Reform (ZPH, 1999)
* Contextualising the Curriculum: The Zimbabwean Experience (College Press, 2007)
# Helena Frisk

Helena Frisk (born 1965) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Riksdag from 1994 to 2006. Frisk has been a substitute member of the Riksdag since 2006, replacing Matilda Ernkrans.
# Thomas Jameson Torrie

Thomas Jameson Torrie FRSE (died 7 August 1858) was a Scottish advocate, geologist, botanist and author. He was a competent artist and made his own botanical drawings.

## Life

Torrie was the son of Patrick Torrie (1763–1810) and Janet Jameson (1776–1853), the sister of Robert Jameson, who was a strong influence upon him.
He trained as a lawyer at the University of Edinburgh, and qualified as an advocate in 1830. However his primary interests lay in scientific investigations. In 1827 he was President of Edinburgh's Plinian Society, a group of like-minded thinkers and scientists. In 1832 he inherited £10,000, a large sum for the day, enabling him to pursue his scientific interests at leisure.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1834, his proposer was Sir John Robison. At this time he was living in an imposing Georgian townhouse at 21 Royal Circus in Edinburgh's New Town. He also served on the Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
He visited Mount Vesuvius during an eruption, and reported his observations back to several scientific bodies.
He died in Roslin in Midlothian on 7 August 1858, and is buried in Warriston Cemetery.

## Family

He married Catherine Paton (1820–1867) in 1846. They had 3 sons and a daughter; Janet Torrie, Robert Torrie, Lawrence Jameson Torrie (born 1852) and Thomas Torrie, the Scotland international rugby union player.
# Mimodoxa phaulophanes

Mimodoxa phaulophanes is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Turner in 1932. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.
# Muhammad Naeem Anwar

Muhammad Naeem Anwar is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 6 May 1957 in Bahawalnagar.
He received matriculation level education.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Z) from Constituency PP-284 (Bahawalnagar-VIII in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Sopachuy

Sopachuy is a town located in Tomina Province in the Chuquisaca Department in south-central Bolivia. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. At the time of the 2001 census, the municipality had 7,241 inhabitants.
Sopachuy was founded on 30 October 1581, and was the site of the Battle of Sopachuy in 1817.
# Rudolf Miele

Rudolf Miele (4 November 1929 – 19 August 2004) was a German entrepreneur. From 1960 he was acting partner of the household accessory manufacturer Miele. He was born in Gütersloh, Westphalia, the grandson of the Miele founder Carl Miele.
In 1999, Rudolf, like his grandfather before, became an honorary citizen of the German city of Gütersloh, where he died.
# Taizhou South railway station

Taizhou South railway station can refer to the following stations:
* Taizhou South railway station (Jiangsu) (泰州南站), a station under construction on Shanghai–Nanjing–Hefei high-speed railway, located in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
* Taizhou South railway station (Zhejiang) (台州南站), a station in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
# Hebius sangzhiensis

Hebius sangzhiensis, the Sangzhi keelback snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Hunan, South Central China. The specific name sangzhiensis refers to its type locality, Sangzhi County.
# Hot 92

Hot 92 can refer to:
* Hot 92 (pirate radio station) in Birmingham, England
* WJHT in Johnstown, Pennsylvania
# Thomas Jane (bishop)

Thomas Jane (sometimes Jan; died September 1500) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich.
Educated at New College, Oxford, Jane was Rector of the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin in Hayes, Middlesex from 1473 to 1499. He was collated Archdeacon of Essex on 21 July 1480 and nominated to the bishopric on 14 June 1499 and was consecrated later in 1499, probably on 20 October. From 1496 to 1500 he was also a Canon of Windsor and Dean of the Chapel Royal.
Jane died in September 1500.

## Citations

* ↑ Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Jablonski-Juxston
* ↑ British History Online – Archdeacons of Essex, 1300–1541
* ↑ Fasti Wyndesorienses, May 1950. S.L. Ollard. Published by the Dean and Canons of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 262
# Lazarus effect

The Lazarus effect refers to semiconductor detectors; when these are used in harsh radiation environments, defects begin to appear in the semiconductor crystal lattice as atoms become displaced because of the interaction with the high-energy traversing particles. These defects, in the form of both lattice vacancies and atoms at interstitial sites, have the effect of temporarily trapping the electrons and holes which are created when ionizing particles pass through the detector. Since it is these electrons and holes drifting in an electric field which produce a signal that announces the passage of a particle, when large amounts of defects are produced, the detector signal can be strongly reduced leading to an unusable (dead) detector.
However in 1997, Vittorio Giulio Palmieri, Kurt Borer, Stefan Janos, Cinzia Da Viá and Luca Casagrande at the University of Bern (Switzerland) found out that at temperatures below 130 kelvins (about −143 degrees Celsius), dead detectors apparently come back to life. The explanation of this phenomenon, known as the Lazarus effect, is related to the dynamics of the induced defects in the semiconductor bulk.
At room temperature radiation damage induced defects temporarily trap electrons and holes resulting from ionization, which are then emitted back to the conduction band or valence band in a time that is typically longer than the read-out time of the connected electronics. Consequently the measured signal is smaller than it should be. This leads to low signal-to-noise ratios that in turn can prevent the detection of the traversing particle. At cryogenic temperatures, however, once an electron or hole, resulting from ionization or from detector leakage current, is trapped in a local defect, it remains trapped for a long time due to the very low thermal energy of the lattice. This leads to a large fraction of 'traps' becoming filled and therefore inactive. Trapping of electrons and holes generated by particles traversing the detector is then prevented and little or no signal is lost. Such behaviour has been observed in a number of scientific papers.
Thanks to the Lazarus effect, silicon detectors have been proven to be able survive radiation doses in excess of 90 GRad and they have been proposed for future high luminosity experiments. A scientific collaboration RD39 has been established at CERN to fully understand the details of the physics involved in the phenomenon.
Recently, the Lazarus effect has been proposed as the mechanism providing enhanced radiation hardness for high energy silicon alpha and beta voltaic devices operated at cryogenic temperatures. This could lead to devices based on Strontium-90 radioisotope, which is much cheaper than Nickel-63 currently used in diamond nuclear batteries. Such devices could be useful for deep space exploration.
# Minetto, New York (disambiguation)

Minetto, New York is the name of a CDP and a town in Oswego County, New York:
* Minetto (CDP), New York
* Minetto (town), New York
# Hochdonn

Hochdonn is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Sääre Nature Reserve

Sääre Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Saare County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 551 ha (1,360 acres).
The protected area was founded in 1971 on a basis of Vesitükimaa ornithological conservation area. In 2018 the protected area was designated to the nature reserve.
# Sopade reports

The Sopade reports, officially Germany reports of the Sopade (Deutschland-Berichte der Sopade), were a series of reports published by the executive committee of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in exile (Sopade) between 1934 and 1940 about the situation in Nazi Germany. The Sopade organized in the countries bordering Germany and relied on its illegal organization inside Germany for information. Initially the reports were published in Prague, Czechoslovakia, but in 1938 the Sopade relocated to Paris, France. The Sopade reports are considered a valuable although biased source on public opinion in the Nazi dictatorship, along with the Security Service reports.
# List of highways numbered 446

The following highways are numbered 446:

## Japan

* Japan National Route 446

## United States

* Indiana State Road 446
* Kentucky Route 446
* Maryland Route 446
* Nevada State Route 446
* New Jersey Route 446 (unsigned designation for the Atlantic City Expressway)
** New Jersey Route 446X (unsigned designation for the Atlantic City–Brigantine Connector)
* New Mexico State Road 446
* New York State Route 446
* Ohio State Route 446
* Pennsylvania Route 446
* Puerto Rico Highway 446
| Preceded by 445 | Lists of highways 446 | Succeeded by 447 |
# Taishan, Tai'an

Taishan District (Chinese: 泰山区; pinyin: Tàishān Qū) is a district of the city of Tai'an in the Chinese province of Shandong.
Taishan has an area of 337 km$^2$ (130 sq mi) and around 620,000 inhabitants (2003), and is the administrative center of Tai'an.

## Administrative divisions

As 2012, this district is divided to 5 subdistricts, 2 towns and 1 township.

### Subdistricts

| Daimiao Subdistrict (岱庙街道) Caiyuan Subdistrict (财源街道) Taiqian Subdistrict (泰前街道) | Shanggao Subdistrict (上高街道) Xujialou Subdistrict (徐家楼街道) |

### Towns

* Shengzhuang (省庄镇)
* Qiujiadian (邱家店镇)

### Townships

* Dajinkou Township (大津口乡)
# Thomas W. Clarkson

Thomas W. Clarkson is a heavy metals toxicologist and an emeritus professor in the department of environmental medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center. His area of expertise is mercury, and he has been involved in the Seychelles Child Development Study. After Karen Wetterhahn's death, Clarkson's lab analyzed the dimethylmercury levels that had been responsible for her death.

## Education

Clarkson has a bachelor's degree in chemistry (1953) and a PhD in biochemistry from the University of Manchester (1956).

## Selected publications

* Clarkson, Thomas W.; Miller, Morton W. (1973). Mercury, Mercurials and Mercaptans. Charles C. Thomas Publishing.
* Suzuki, Tsuguyoshi; Clarkson, Thomas W. (1991). Advances in Mercury Toxicology. Plenum Press.
# Horsfieldia nervosa

Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak.
# Le Rhodanien (train)

Le Rhodanien, or the Rhodanien, was an express train with its southern terminus in Marseilles, France. Operated by the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer français (SNCF), it was named using the French language adjective derived from the Rhone river; the name alludes, amongst other things, to the river, its valley, and the dialect of the Franco-Provençal language that is spoken there.
The train had two distinct eras. Between 1964 and 1971, it was an international Rapide linking Geneva, Switzerland with Marseilles. In 1971, the train's route and classification were radically altered, and Le Rhodanien became a first-class-only domestic Trans Europ Express (TEE) running between Paris and Marseilles. It was discontinued in 1978.

## Formation (consist)

The Geneva–Marseille Rhodanien was made up of SNCF Class X 2770 [fr] diesel multiple unit railcars, in a two- to five-car formation, in each case with a power car at each end. These vehicles had previously been used on TEE trains.
The Paris–Marseille train was formed of passenger cars, hauled by an SNCF 1.5 kV DC, Class CC 6500 electric locomotive. The passenger cars were a rake of SNCF Mistral 69-type DEV Inox coaches [fr], and were initially an A4Dtux, three A8tu, two A8u and a Vr. From 1 June 1975, the Paris–Marseille train was augmented by one or two extra coaches when required.
While Le Rhodanien was operating as a TEE, its dining car was staffed by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL).
# Hollister, Florida

Hollister is an unincorporated community in Putnam County, Florida, United States. It is located off State Road 20, between Interlachen and Palatka. The ZIP Code for Hollister is 32147.

## Geography

Hollister is located at 29°37′21″N 81°48′50″W﻿ / ﻿29.6225°N 81.8139°W﻿ / 29.6225; -81.8139 (29.6225, -81.8139).
# Symphony No. 8 (Rautavaara)

Finnish composer Einojuhani Rautavaara wrote his Symphony No. 8, subtitled The Journey, in 1999. The total playing time is approximately 28 minutes.

## Movements

* Adagio assai - Andante assai
* Feroce -
* Tranquillo
* Con grandezza - Sciolto - Tempo I

## Instrumentation

Piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns in F, 4 trumpets in C, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, tubular bells, 4 tom-toms, cymbal (suspended), gong (30"), 3 tam-tams, 2 harps, strings.

## Premiere

Philadelphia Orchestra / Wolfgang Sawallisch, April 27, 2000

## Recordings

Rautavaara's symphony has been recorded four times since 1999.
| Orchestra | Conductor | Record Company | Year of Recording | Format |
| Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra | Leif Segerstam | Ondine Records | 2001 | CD |
| Lahti Symphony Orchestra | Osmo Vänskä | BIS Records | 2004 | CD |
| New Zealand Symphony Orchestra | Pietari Inkinen | Naxos Records | 2006 | CD |
| Philadelphia Orchestra | Wolfgang Sawallisch | RM Associates / Image Entertainment (Region 1) | 2000 (First European Performance in Kölner Philharmonie) | DVD |