OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canterbury Interior Main Line

The Canterbury Interior Main Line was a proposed railway line that would have linked many of the branch lines in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. Although it was never built in full, its most northerly portion was constructed.

## The proposal

The proposal was created and developed in the 1870s and 1880s as branch lines began to fan out from the then under-construction Main North Line and Main South Line (which together form the South Island Main Trunk Railway). These lines ran from coastal centres inland and were intended to provide better communication and transport for young, fledgling communities and to open up parts of Canterbury for greater, more intensive economic activity – mainly agriculture. The Canterbury Interior Main Line proposal intended to link these branch lines together. It was to leave the Main North Line in Rangiora, head inland to Oxford and Sheffield and then link a number of branch lines at or near their termini before returning to the coast and joining the Main South Line in Temuka, just north of Timaru.
The lines linked would have been:
* Oxford Branch – the route inland from Rangiora
* Eyreton Branch – it was connected to the Oxford Branch
* Midland Line – then known as the Malvern Branch, it terminated in Malvern (now known as Sheffield)
* Whitecliffs Branch – to meet it in Homebush
* Methven Branch
* Mount Somers Branch

## The constructed portion

On 21 June 1875, the Oxford Branch was completed to Oxford, and construction soon began on a link across the Waimakariri Gorge to Sheffield. A Royal Commission of New Zealand's railways in 1880 recommended the early completion of this link to Sheffield, and despite the Long Depression, it was finished and opened on 28 July 1884. This was seen as the first portion of the Canterbury Interior Main Line, and although the 1880 Royal Commission disapproved of the proposal, it remained on the table for a number of years. However, increasing usage of road transport in the early 20th century began to impact the number of passengers and freight carried by rail and the economic viability of any interior main line sharply declined and the proposal disappeared. By 1930, it was clearly accepted that the proposal would never come to fruition, as evidenced by the closure of the Oxford to Sheffield link on 14 July 1930. The rest of the Oxford Branch closed on 19 April 1959.
# Estudios Roptence

Estudios Roptence were film studios located in the Spanish capital of Madrid which operated between 1932 and 1956. The studio originally manufactured sound recording equipment, which was sold following the conversion from silent to sound film. The studio were dramatically rebuilt in 1935 and again in 1941. It was not damaged during the Spanish Civil War, and continued to operate. It enjoyed its peak years during the early 1940s, with ten films made there in 1940 alone. One of the companies based there during these years specialised in co-productions with Portugal. After 1946 the studio began to decline in importance as productions moved elsewhere, and was eventually closed in 1956.
Films made in the studio include He's My Man (1934), The Daughter of Juan Simón (1935) and Coner of Madrid (1936).
# Lillien Blanche Fearing

Lillien Blanche Fearing (November 27, 1863 – August 13, 1900) was an American lawyer and poet who was blind.

## Life

Fearing was born in Davenport, Iowa in 1863. She lost her sight as the result of an accident whilst playing with other children when she was five or six. She was taught in college in Vinton, Iowa until 1884.
Four years later she moved to Chicago to study at the Union College of Law and graduated in 1890. Her sister and mother served as her amanuensis while she learned, and she became a leading pupil and she also started to write poetry. She was one of four students who shared the scholarship prize when they graduated in 1890. She was the only woman studying law in her year.
She was admitted to the Illinois Bar at Springfield and was able to practice law from her office in Chicago.
She died in Eureka Springs, Arkansas on August 13, 1900, after a long illness. Her final book, Mildred, was published the following year.

## Works

* The Sleeping World, and other Poems (Chicago, 1887)
* In the City by the Lake (Chicago, 1893).
* Roberta (1894)
* Mildred (Chicago, 1901)
# François-Pierre Blin

François-Pierre Blin or Pierre-François Blin, was born in Rennes on 8 June 1756, and died on 4 November 1834 in Chantenay-sur-Loire. He was a doctor and politician, and member of the Estates-General of 1789.
# Smith Barrier

Henry Smith Barrier Jr. (July 17, 1916 – June 2, 1989) was an American sports journalist. He was the longtime Executive Sports Editor of Greensboro News & Record and served as president of United States Basketball Writers Association from 1970 to 1971. He is a charter member of the United States Basketball Writers Association Hall of Fame. In 1999, Barrier was awarded the Basketball Hall of Fame's Curt Gowdy Media Award for outstanding contributions in electronic and print media. Barrier is also a member of the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame (inducted in 1980).
Barrier was born in Concord, North Carolina in 1916, and was a 1934 graduate of Concord High School and a 1938 graduate of the University of North Carolina. After graduation, he became a sportswriter at his hometown paper, The Concord Daily Tribune from 1938 to 1941, before moving to the Greensboro Daily News. He became the Daily News sports editor in 1944 and later the Daily Record, which merged to become the Greensboro News & Record. Barrier's account of UCLA's Lew Alcindor in the 1967 UCLA-Dayton game in the 1967 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament earned him a spot in the book "Best Sports Stories 1970".
Writing about UCLA's national champion basketball teams under John Wooden, he said, "Mister John Wooden has a watch factory out in Los Angeles. It's a bit different from most Swiss works. They don't make watches, they win 'em."
# Gaddi Torso

The marble Gaddi Torso displayed in the Classical Sculpture Room of the Uffizi, Florence, is a Hellenistic sculpture of the 2nd century BCE.

## Description

Its dynamic tension and unusually refined modelling place it among sculptures of the Pergamene school.
Formerly considered to be the torso of a satyr when it was in the Gaddi collection, Florence, the sculpture is now thought to represent a centaur straining against his bonds, a theme that was represented several times in Hellenistic art, as it was an emblem of civilized control of Man's baser nature. The torso was very likely discovered in Rome, according to Giovanni Di Pasquale and Fabrizio Paolucci. It was certainly already in the collections of the Florentine Gaddi family in the early 16th century, when Florentine artists and sculptors knew it. The sculpture appears on a pedestal, among other vestiges of shattered Classical pagan culture, in the Adoration of the Shepherds that was painted in 1515 by the Bolognese painter Amico Aspertini, now in the Uffizi. Rosso Fiorentino's Deposition of the Dead Christ (Boston Museum of Fine Arts) has been inspired by careful study of the Gaddi Torso. Its powerful, reaching and twisting musculature was a stimulus also to the young Michelangelo, whose mature style the Gaddi Torso seems to anticipate. The Gaddi Torso remained with the Gaddi heirs until it was sold, still in its untouched fragmentary condition, to Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1778.
In its earlier history the Gaddi Torso may have been in the collection of the great early Renaissance sculptor of Florence, Lorenzo Ghiberti, "who", according to Giorgio Vasari:
   to say nothing of his own performance, bequeathed many relics of antiquity to his family, some in marble, others in bronze. Among these was the bed of Polycretus which was a most rare thing; a leg of bronze, of the size of life, with certain heads, male and female, and some vases, which Lorenzo had caused to be brought from Greece at no small cost. He also left the torsi of many figures, with a great number of similar things, which were all dispersed, like the property of Lorenzo, suffered to be destroyed and squandered. Some of these antiquities were sold to Messer Giovanni Gaddi, then 'Cherico di Camera'; and among them was the aforesaid bed of Polycletus, and some other matters, which formed the better part of the collection.
In company with the Belvedere Torso in the Vatican collections, the Gaddi Torso was never restored by being completed, a fate undergone by most other fine Antique fragmentary sculpture.
# Gabilan Mountains slender salamander

The Gabilan Mountains slender salamander (Batrachoseps gavilanensis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to California in the United States, where it is distributed along the Central Coast region from Santa Cruz to northern Kern County.
This salamander lives in redwood and evergreen forests, chaparral, and California oak woodland habitat. It burrows in soil and forest litter.
This species is up to 16.5 centimeters long, including its long tail. It is gray with brown and black washes, white speckling along the sides, and usually a brownish dorsal stripe bordered with black dots.
This species and several other native California salamanders were described as new species in 2001 when the Batrachoseps pacificus species complex was split according to the results of a phylogenetic analysis.
# Gagarinite-(Ce)

Gagarinite-(Ce) previously zajacite-(Ce) is a rare radioactive fluoride mineral with formula Na(REE$_x$Ca$_{1−x}$)(REE$_y$Ca$_{1−y}$)F$_6$. REE refers to rare-earth elements, mostly those belonging to the lanthanide series. It crystallizes in the trigonal rhombohedral system and has a white vitreous appearance with a conchoidal fracture. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 4.44 to 4.55. Zajacite is transparent with refractive indices n$_ω$ = 1.483 and n$_ε$ = 1.503. Gagarinite-(Y) is a yttrium-rich analog.
It occurs as creamy to white anhedral to subhedral grains in pegmatite and aplite pods or lenses in a peralkaline igneous intrusion.
It was discovered in 1993 at Strange Lake, Quebec – Labrador, (56°20'N, 64°10'W) and was initially named for Ihor Stephan Zajac, who led the expedition responsible for its discovery, and who first recognized the presence of the new mineral. The mineral was renamed gagarinite-(Ce) in 2010 by the IMA. The new name is for Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968).
# Gabor Fichtinger

Gabor Fichtinger is an electrical engineer from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to medical robotics and computer-assisted intervention.
# Gaetano Brunetti

Gaetano (or Cayetano) Brunetti (1744 in Fano, Italy – 16 December 1798, Colmenar de Oreja, Madrid, Spain) was an Italian-born composer who was active in Spain during the reigns of kings Charles III and Charles IV. As well as being musically influential at court, Brunetti was a key contributor to the modernization of Spanish musical culture in the late 18th century.
As a boy, he appears to have studied the violin in Livorno with Pietro Nardini, before moving to Madrid with his parents by 1762. He joined the Spanish court as a violinist in the Royal Chapel in 1769. He also became violin teacher to the future Charles IV (then Prince of Asturias), who unlike his father was an avid music lover. In 1788, when Charles IV came to the throne, Brunetti took charge of a newly formed royal ensemble, for which he composed prolifically and also programmed works by European composers of the day, such as Joseph Haydn.
The majority of Brunetti's output (thought to number over 400 pieces) consists of chamber music designed for small ensembles and symphonies for the royal chamber orchestra. Brunetti's prolific output reflects the duties of an 18th-century court composer who was required to craft engaging music for daily performances at his patron's chamber. With its graceful melodies and periodic phrasing, Brunetti's music respects early classical forms and conventions but also incorporates more progressive and eclectic elements.
Due to the constraints of his court service, little of Brunetti's music was published during his lifetime, thereby largely precluding knowledge of his music for almost two centuries. A catalogue of his works (compiled by Germán Labrador) has been available since 2005, which provides details of 346 attributed works with available scores, and lists various other named pieces that are thought to have been lost. This catalogue revealed that the U.S. Library of Congress houses almost half of the surviving manuscript scores.
# Gaetano Borriello

Gaetano Borriello (1958–2015) was an American computer scientist and researcher in ubiquitous computing. He is known for starting the Open Data Kit project and as the founding director of Intel Research Seattle. The Place Lab project he led at Intel Research using Wi-Fi to enhance location sensing is now the dominant approach in use by Apple, Google, Microsoft, and others.
Borriello was named a Fellow of the ACM in 2009 "for the design, realization, and integration of embedded and ubiquitous computing systems" and of the IEEE in 2010 "for contributions to embedded computing devices and systems." He was also a Fulbright Scholar.
Borriello was on the University of Washington computer science faculty from 1988 until his death – 27 years. The Gaetano Borriello Endowed Fellowship for Change was funded by Borriello's friends on his untimely death, to provide support for UW students "whose work is focused on exploring how technology can improve the lives of underserved populations".
# Gager

Gager may refer to:
* Gager (municipality), in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
* C. Stuart Gager (1873–1943), American botanist
* John Gager (born 1937), American academic
* William Gager (1555–1622), English jurist
# Galata (disambiguation)

Galata is a district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Galata may also refer to:

## Also in Turkey

* Galata Tower
* Galata Bridge, the first bascule bridge in the world

## In Greece

* Galatas, Aetolia-Acarnania, a village in the municipality Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania
* Galatas, Chania, a village in the municipality Chania, Crete
* Galatas, Corinthia, a village in Corinthia
* Galatas, Heraklion, a village in the municipality Minoa Pediada, Heraklion regional unit
** Galatas Palace, a Minoan archaeological site
* Galatas, Preveza, a village in the municipality Ziros, Preveza regional unit
* Galatas, Troizina, a town in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese

## In Romania

* Galata, Iași, a neighbourhood of Iași, Romania
* Galata Monastery

## In Bulgaria

* Galata, Lovech Province, a village in Lovech Province, Bulgaria
* Galata, Varna, a neighbourhood of Varna, Bulgaria
** Galata (headland), a rocky headland of the Black Sea at Varna, Bulgaria

## Other uses

* Galata (horse)
* Galata (film), a 2014 Indian Telugu romantic comedy film
# Galasso I Pio

Galasso I Pio (died March 13, 1367) was the lord of Carpi, Italy from 1348 until his death. A member of the Pio family, he was the son of Manfredo I Pio, from whom he inherited the lordship. In 1359 he was also appointed captain of the people of Bologna.
He was succeeded by his son Giberto.
* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Galinhos

Galinhos is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# Gaby Schaunig

Gabriele "Gaby" Schaunig-Kandut (born 3 May 1965, in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee) is an Austrian lawyer, politician from the (SPÖ) and since 2013 state councilor in the Carinthian state government Kaiser II, responsible for finance, investments, development and research since 2018. Since 13 April 2023, she has been 1st Deputy Governor, previously she was 2nd Deputy Governor.

## Life

Gaby Schaunig began studying law at Universität Graz in 1983, and completed with sponsion (master's degree) in 1987 and a doctorate in 1989. In addition to her work as a contract assistant and lecturer at the University of Graz (until 1993), she worked for the Chamber for Workers and Employees for Carinthia from 1990. From 2008 to 2011 she worked as a trainee lawyer. After passing the bar exam in 2011, she became a self-employed lawyer.

## Politics

From 1999, Gaby Schaunig was the provincial councillor for social affairs in the Carinthian provincial government. In the fall of 2005, she was elected party leader of the SPÖ Carinthia, replacing Peter Ambrozy, who had been unsuccessful in three provincial elections against Jörg Haider. She also took over his post as deputy governor on 23 November 2005. Following the termination of the working agreement with the BZÖ (formerly FPÖ) on 28 February 2006, she sought new elections and the office of provincial governor.
On 8 July 2008, Schaunig surprisingly announced her retirement from politics and thus her resignation as provincial party leader of the SPÖ Carinthia and deputy governor. Schaunig's successor in both functions was the then provincial councillor Reinhart Rohr. In a press conference, Schaunig cited Jörg Haider as the main reason for her resignation. He had introduced a "political lack of culture", as a result of which she was no longer prepared "to work in Jörg Haider's environment and his entourage".
As state councillor for social affairs, Gaby Schaunig was particularly committed to the circumstances and living conditions of people with cognitive disabilities. She drew up and published a needs and development plan to remove people with disabilities from large care facilities and implement the normalization principle. Through its commitment, the Caritas. Team Lebensgestaltung was also able to implement social space-oriented facilities for severely disabled adults.
In 2013, she returned to politics and has held the office of second deputy governor under Peter Kaiser since March 2013. From 2013 to 2018, she was responsible for the following departments: Finance, Housing, Municipalities, Employee Promotion. She is the technology officer of the state of Carinthia. From March 2015, she negotiated with the creditors of the wind-down bank HETA on behalf of the state of Carinthia. The negotiations were successfully concluded in 2016.
In the 32nd Legislative Period, Schaunig was responsible for the areas of finance, investments, development and research in the State Government Kaiser II as 2nd Deputy Governor and State Councillor from 12 April 2018.

## Private life

Gaby Schaunig is married and lives in the Wölfnitz district of Klagenfurt. She has one daughter.
# Gamasellus spiricornis

Gamasellus spiricornis is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Gamecaster

Gamecaster Inc. is an American corporation based in San Diego, California. The company holds a patent in virtual camera control technology. According to Teamxbox.com, Gamecaster is responsible for creating "the world’s first video game camera". This technology is responsible for combining video gaming and the broadcasting of sports events; thus introducing video gaming as a spectator sport. According to CBS news, "The ability to broadcast from within the game completely changes the way people view video game competitions." In 2008, IGN wrote, "If Gamecaster has its way, video game competitions will become just as much a part of American television viewing as the Super Bowl or the World Series."

## Closure

On January 31, 2023, Gamecaster announced closure of the company via email, Medium, and their site, saying:
    We announced last year that Gamecaster was being tied back in with XSplit, which we had hoped would give us the opportunity to continue maintaining the app and solving the technical issues that many of you have encountered. However, the sad reality is that the original development team behind Gamecaster have all since left to pursue other opportunities — Gamecaster is a fairly complex app that relies both on integrations with third party services and several advanced internal components, so without this dedicated expertise the functionality of Gamecaster has significantly deteriorated.
# Gan HaEm

Gan HaEm ("Mother's Garden") is a public garden in Haifa, Israel. The garden is located in the Carmel Center neighborhood, near the upper station of the Carmelit. Nearby is Haifa Zoo, the Biological Institute, and the Lotem River. During the year various concerts are held on its public performance stage. The city's Pride Parade culminates in the park.
# Gao Song (chemist)

Goa Song is a former President of South China University of Technology, China and a professor in chemistry.

## Early life

Born in Anhui Province in 1964, Gao studied chemistry at Peking University, China and received his bachelor, master, and Ph.D. degrees in 1985, 1988, and 1991 respectively.

## Career

After his Ph.D., Gao became a lecturer (1990-1992), associate professor (1992-1999), and professor (since 1999) at Peking University. In 1992, Gao went to Germany to become a visitor of Aachen University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry. In 1998–1999, he went to University of Hong Kong as a visiting scholar. He became Dean of the Department of Chemistry at Peking University in 2006. From 2013 to 2017, he was a vice president at Peking University. In 2018, he was appointed President of South China University of Technology.

## Research

Gao has undertaken research on inorganic chemistry and molecular magnetism. He has published over 300 papers in these topics.

## Awards

In 2007, Gao was elected a member of Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK.
# Garden Peach

Garden Peach tomatoes are a cultivar of tomato, native South American fruit mainly from Peru. Its small, bright yellow fruit is the standard globe shape of tomato. With its yellow coloring, blushing vaguely pink mottling when very ripe, and fuzzy skin, it resembles a peach. This cultivar is also extremely prolific. It is rich in iron and vitamin B$_5$. The plant grows naturally between 200 and 1,000 metres from Colombia to Ecuador and Perú.
Studies have shown they may lower cholesterol when eaten, or their juice drunk, regularly, similar to oranges or orange juice, but with a greater effect.
This heirloom is colored exactly like a peach and has a sweet mild flavor. Fruits are 2-4 oz. and perfect for salads. The vines are prolific and very easy to grow in poor soil. Garden Peaches have soft fuzzy skins and mature in 65 days on average. They are suited to containers.