OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Independent Pilots Association

The Independent Pilots Association (IPA) is the union representing the collective bargaining interests of over 3000 airline pilots employed by United Parcel Service (UPS). The organization was founded in 1990 and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, where UPS's main air hub is located.

## Background and origin

The Independent Pilots Association was established on the 10th of January, 1990, within the objective of serving as a mutual interests organization for professional pilots working for the United Parcel Service. Many pilots under UPS shared a consensus in doing so within years beforehand, before it finally arrived at fruition throughout the year before its foundation.

## IPA Foundation

During the association's early stages, the IPA leadership has felt it was relevant for the membership to be publicly represented in a philanthropic endeavour. This led to the Independent Pilots Association Foundation, or IPA Foundation, being formed in late 1993. The IPA Foundation formally became active in 1994, having functioned as distinguished from the IPA itself, financially sustained via members' donations. As a separate entity, the IPA Foundation conforms to existing labour laws as well as sec. 501(c)(3) of the IRS code. The organization has become tax-exempt in recent years.

## Affairs

The IPA outlines its government mission statement as to "promote global aviation safety and security and encourage continued economic growth for the aviation industry". The IPA is a member of The Coalition of Airline Pilots Associations - CAPA.
The IPA has filed suit on December 22, 2011, against the FAA to mandate new rest and duty regulations apply to all cargo airlines as well as passenger airlines.
The IPA operates under §501(c)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code. The organization is tax-exempt.
The IPA has outlined their endorsement of improving airline safety regulation as regards to lithium batteries in their "Safer Skies" programme.

## Historical actions

The association honored the picket lines when the Teamsters went on strike in 1997 for 16 days.
# Nanyue (disambiguation)

Nanyue was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern southern China and much of modern northern Vietnam.
Nanyue may also refer to:
* Nanyue District, in Hengyang, Hunan, China
* Mount Heng (Hunan), or Nan Yue, in Hunan, China
* Chinese for South Vietnam (南越)
* Nányuè (南樂), another name for Nanguan music
# Operation Burlington Trail

Operation Burlington Trail was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. 198th Infantry Brigade in Quảng Nam Province, South Vietnam from 8 April to 11 November 1968.

## Background

In early April 1968, the 198th Infantry Brigade moved into the Quế Sơn Valley to replace the 3rd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. On arriving the Brigade was tasked with assisting the 1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment and the 39th Engineer Battalion in reopening Route 533 between Tam Kỳ and Tiên Phước Camp, 20 kilometers to the southwest. Units of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 2nd Division would also assist in searching the Viet Cong (VC) Base Area 117 in the mountains south of Route 533, which was believed to shelter the 72nd Main Force Battalion and the 74th Local Force Battalion.$^{:485}$

## Operation

The operation began on 8 April when Companies C and D 1st Battalion, 46th Infantry Regiment were landed on two hilltops overlooking Route 533 10km southwest of Tam Kỳ.
On 9 April the 1st Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment was landed on Hill 218, several km west of the 1/46th Infantry positions. The 1/6th Infantry began constructing Firebase Bowman (15°29′24″N 108°25′34″E﻿ / ﻿15.49°N 108.426°E﻿ / 15.49; 108.426) to serve as the main fire support base for the operation. Meanwhile Troop A and a platoon from Troop C 1/1st Cavalry, began their advance along Route 533 towards Tiên Phước. The column was ambushed by elements of the VC 72nd Main Force Battalion, but the Cavalry fought through the ambush, killing 33 VC and capturing four.$^{:486}$
On 10 April, a VC mortar attack hit Firebase Bowman, killing two Americans and wounding eight. On the afternoon of 13 April Company A 1/6th Infantry, engaged a VC platoon 5 kilometers southwest of Firebase Bowman killing seven VC while another 19 were killed by air strikes. That evening, the VC launched an attack on Company B 1/6th Infantry's night defensive position, wounding 22 Americans.$^{:486}$
On 14 April the Cavalry column reached Tiên Phước and by 17 April Route 533 was open to regular traffic.$^{:486}$
Later in April the remaining companies of the 1/46th Infantry joined the operation together with Company A, 1st Battalion, 52nd Infantry Regiment, which assumed responsibility for the defense of Firebase Bowman.$^{:486}$
On 30 April, a VC force attacked Firebase Bowman losing four dead and wounding eight defenders. On 1 May, Company A 1/46th Infantry, was landed 11km southwest of Bowman and was engaged by a VC force, the VC lost 31 dead before disengaging.$^{:486}$
On 23 July elements of the 1/1st Cavalry engaged the VC 105th Local Force Company and elements of the VC 2nd Division’s engineer battalion near the southern entrance to the Quế Sơn Valley, 10km northeast of Tam Kỳ killing 68 VC.$^{:611}$
The operation continued until 11 November 1968.

## Aftermath

VC losses were 1,931 killed, while U.S. losses were 129 killed.
# Sääre, Saare County

Sääre is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. It is located on the southern top of the Sõrve Peninsula. As of the 2011 census, the settlement is uninhabited.
Sääre village is the location of Sõrve Lighthouse and former Red Army's Coastal Battery no. 315 (known as Stebel Battery) during World War II.
# The Post War Blues

The Post War Blues was a record label set up in 1965 by Mike Rowe. It specialized in reissuing obscure post war blues recordings on LP samplers.
The label has been one of the first to systematically put out compilations of recordings by more or less known post war blues artists, such as Big Walter Horton, Joe Hill Louis, Willie Love, Levi Seabury, Charley Booker, Harmonica Frank, Junior Brooks, Driftin' Slim, Luther Huff, Boyd Gilmore, Dan Pickett, Doug Quattlebaum, Skoodle Dum Doo & Sheffield, Leroy Dallas, Carolina Slim, Curley Weaver, Julius King, Jesse Thomas, Alex Moore, Manny Nichols, Soldier Boy Houston, Buddy Chiles, Andy Thomas, Country Jim, Nat Terry, Harvey Hill & His String Band, L.C. Green, Henry Smith & His Blue Flames, Sylvester Cotton, Slim Pickens, Baby Boy Warren, Bobo Jenkins and Andrew Durham. While the so-called blues revival of the 1960s was going on, it helped gratify the needs of a growing number of white customers to hear those artists' work, without having to search for the rare 78 rpm records on which those recordings were originally released.
Blues scholar (and Blues & Rhythm co-editor) Keith Briggs in his 1986 Blues & Rhythm article on bootleg blues record labels had the following to say about The Post War Blues: "Post War Blues only produced five albums but they remain sought-after items to this day. They were 'Chicago', 'Memphis and the Delta', 'Detroit', 'East Coast States' and 'Texas'. Although just about every track on the Chicago album is now available elsewhere the other four all carry rare items otherwise unavailable on LP. 'Chicago' has a standard 'bootleg' sleeve and includes a booklet but from then on P.W.B. managed to produce laminated sleeves of professional quality each embellished with photographs and copious notes. The sound of these records is outstandingly good and all are worthy of attention." A few issues later Phil Turton - commenting on the Briggs article - added the following: "Mike Rowe's Post War Blues should always be given pride of place both as the start of it all and also as a series of well thought out records designed to give attention to artists and styles that the major companies were totally ignoring."
Label founder Mike Rowe is best known as contributor to Blues Unlimited and other blues magazines, writer of album liner notes, and author of Chicago Blues: The City and the Music (Da Capo Paperback), first published in 1973 as Chicago Breakdown, and still in print.

## Discography

* Chicago - The Post-war Blues Volume 1 (1965)
* Memphis ....On Down - The Post-war Blues Volume 2 (1966)
* Eastern and Gulf Coast States - The Post-war Blues Volume 3 (1966)
* Texas - The Post-war Blues Volume 4 (1968)
* Detroit - The Post-war Blues Volume 5 (1968)
* Hobos & Drifters (EP 1966)
Detailed liner notes to the albums were written by Paul Oliver, Charles Radcliffe and Mike Rowe.
# Ishi Wilderness

The Ishi Wilderness is a 41,339 acre (167 km2) wilderness area located on the Lassen National Forest in the Shasta Cascade foothills of northern California, United States. The Ishi Wilderness is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) east of Red Bluff. The wilderness was created when the US Congress passed the California Wilderness Act of 1984. The land is etched by wind and water, and dotted with basalt outcroppings, caves, and unusual pillar lava formations. The land is a series of east-west running ridges framing rugged river canyons, with the highest ridges attaining elevations of 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Deer Creek and Mill Creek are the principal drainages and flow into the Sacramento River.
The Ishi Wilderness is the only protected area in California that preserves a significant portion of the Sierra/Cascade foothill region of the southernmost Cascade Ranges.
Almost the entire wilderness area was burned down by the Park Fire in mid-2024, causing it to currently lack significant greenery.

## Yana Indian

Ishi is the name given by anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber to the last surviving Native American from the Yahi Yana tribe. The Yahi Yana tribe had lived in the area for over three thousand years. Sometime after 1850, white settlers moving into the area killed all but a few of the Yahi. A few escaped and hid for years in the harsh wild country.

## Flora and fauna

The sun-baked south slopes are covered with chaparral brush. Pines and oaks thrive on the moister slopes facing north and lush damp forests line the river banks. This area is home to pine clusters, dense areas of ponderosa pine growing on terraces in river cut canyons.
The largest migratory deer herd in California, the Tehama deer herd, winters in this wilderness area. Wild hogs, mountain lions, black bears, coyotes, bobcats and rabbits also live here. A State Game Refuge, where hunting is not permitted, occupies most of the Ishi Wilderness.
A variety of raptors including hawks, eagles, falcons, and owls nest in the rock cliffs. Wild turkey, quail, mourning doves, canyon wrens, band-tailed pigeons, and many songbirds are frequently seen.

## Access

The US Forest Service reminds visitors to the Wilderness to respect the record of the Yahi Yana Indians. All archaeological and historical sites and artifacts are protected by federal law and should not be disturbed.
The Leave No Trace principles of wilderness travel are highly encouraged also by both the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management (the BLM manages a small portion of the wilderness-240 acres (97 ha).)
Special fishing regulations are in effect for fishing in Deer and Mill Creeks, home to many fish species. A valid California fishing license is required.
# Inalcanzable

Inalcanzable may refer to:
* "Inalcanzable" (song), a 2007 song by RBD
* Inalcanzable (album), a 1993 album by Los Bukis
# INS Romach (1981)

INS Romach is an Israeli missile boat of the Shayetet 3 Flotilla, one of ten Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats. She was launched in 1981 by Israel Shipyards at the Port of Haifa. She has been a part of Israeli Navy since October 1981.

## Construction

Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats are a bigger version of the Sa'ar 4 class. New ships were longer, so they take an augmented armament.
INS Romach was built at the Israel Shipyards in Port of Haifa. She was launched on 30 October 1981.

## Description

The length of INS Romach is 61.7 metres (202 ft 5 in), the breadth is 7.6 metres (24 ft 11 in) and the draught is 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in). Romach, as other Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats, has a flush deck, short superstructure located in front of the midship and freeboard. The main propulsion machinery are four compression-ignition MTU 16V538 TB93 engines, the total power of them is 16,000 horsepower (12,000 kW). The flank speed of this ship is 31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph); the range is 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at a speed of about 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) and 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). The full load displacement is 488 tonnes.
The primary armament is two quadruple launchers of American Harpoon anti-ship missiles, allocated directly behind the superstructure. The missile is able to reach 130 km (81 mi), the speed is Mach 0.9 (1,100 km/h; 690 mph) and the weight of the warhead is 227 kg (500 lb). There are also six single launchers of Israeli Gabriel Mark II missiles allocated behind them with a 75 kg (165 lb) warhead and a range of about 36 km (22 mi). In service, the Israeli Navy set two 8-fold anti-aircraft Barak 1 launchers with the range of a projectile of 10 km (6.2 mi), making the armament identical to one in INS Hetz.
The secondary armament consists of single, dual-purpose gun OTO Melara 76 mm, allocated abaft in a gun turret. The weight of the projectile is 6 kg (13 lb), the range is 16 km (9.9 mi) and the rate of fire is 85 rounds per minute (RPM). The angle of elevation is 85°. There are also two single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon with a range of 2 km (1.2 mi) and rate of fire of 900 RPM and one double (or quadruple) station for M2 Browning machine guns. The bow is armed with close-in weapon system, Phalanx CIWS. The rate of fire is 3,000 RPM, and the range is 1,500 m (1,600 yd).
# Nanyue silver box

The Nanyue silver box (Ch: 南越裂瓣纹银器) is an ancient silver box with lobed decoration (裂瓣纹) discovered in Southern China in the tomb of Emperor Wen of Nanyue (who died in 124 BCE).
The object is now located in the Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King. It is thought to reflect the influence of Achaemenid art and Persian art and Persian metalware on Chinese culture. This design especially flourished under the Achaemenid Empire.
Many similar silver boxes have been excavated in Chinese archaeological site. Two similar boxes were excavated in 2004 in a tomb of the Warring States period (475-221 BCE) in Xixin (西辛), Qingzhou.
They were probably manufactured in Central China, rather than in Western Asia or Nanyue as initially thought, as they used Chinese casting technology rather than the cold-hammered technology generally used in Iran. The Nanyue Silver Box is considered as a case of luxurious artifact using a combination of foreign style, imported from West Asia and already influential in 3rd century BCE Han China, with Chinese manufacturing technology.

## Western Asian examples

* Fluted bowl, Achaemenid, 6th-5th century BCE. Metropolitan Museum.
* Iranian Shallow Vessel. Walters Museum
* Gadrooned bowl. Silver. West of Iran. 700-500 BCE. Louvre museum
# Mucigel

Mucigel is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants. It is a highly hydrated polysaccharide, most likely a pectin, which is secreted from the outermost (epidermal) cells of the rootcap. Mucigel is formed in the Golgi bodies of such cells, and is secreted through the process of exocytosis. The layer of microorganism-rich soil surrounding the mucigel is called the rhizosphere.
Mucigel serves several functions, including:
* Protection of rootcap; prevents desiccation
* Lubrication of rootcap; allows root to more efficiently penetrate the soil
* Creation of symbiotic environment for nitrogen fixing bacteria (i.e. diazotrophs) and fungi (which help with water absorption)
* Provision of a 'diffusion bridge' between the fine root system and soil particles, which allows for a more efficient uptake of water and mineral nutrients by roots in dry soils.
Mucigel is composed of mucilage, microbial exopolysaccharides and glomalin proteins.
# Lochmaeocles hondurensis

Lochmaeocles hondurensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1946. It is known from Honduras.
# The Red Garland Trio

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Red Garland Trio (also referred to as Moodsville Volume 6) is an album by pianist Red Garland recorded in 1958 and released on the Moodsville label in 1960.

## Reception

The Allmusic site awarded the album 2 stars stating "Its slow tempos fit well into the theme of that subsidiary's releases but it resulted in the set being a bit sleepy... the lack of variety makes this reissue one of Red Garland's lesser efforts.

## Track listing

* "I Love You Yes I Do" (Sally Nix & Henry Glover) – 6:17
* "Blues for Ann" – 7:40
* "I'll Never Stop Loving You" (Nicholas Brodszky) – 6:30
* "And the Angels Sing" (Ziggy Elman, Johnny Mercer) – 6:47
* "'Tain't Nobody's Bizness If I Do" (Porter Grainger, Everett Robbins) – 7:59
* "Bass-ment Blues" (Red Garland) – 7:56

## Personnel

* Red Garland - piano
* Paul Chambers - bass
* Art Taylor - drums
# St Mary's Church, Woburn

St Mary's Church, Woburn, is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Woburn, Bedfordshire.

## History

The church, on Park Street, Woburn, was built to the designs of the architect Henry Clutton between 1865 and 1868 and paid for by William Russell, 8th Duke of Bedford. It replaced the old parish church in the town which, except for the tower, was demolished when the new church opened.
The tower was equipped with a monster bell (said to be the largest in a parish church at the time) of 55 cwt (6,160 pounds (2,790 kg)), cast in C by Mears and Stainbank of London.
On opening the church tower was surmounted by a spire which reached to a height of 181 ft. This was itself crowned with a copper cross at its summit, which took the total height to 195 feet (59 m). However, structural problems caused the removal of the spire in 1890.
The church was consecrated on 23 September 1868 by the Rt. Revd. Harold Browne, Bishop of Ely.
The east window was inserted in 1894 as a memorial to George Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford and is by Charles Eamer Kempe.

## Organ

The original organ of 1868 by T.J. Robson was replaced in 1904 by a new instrument by Norman and Beard. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Ishibane Dam

Ishibane Dam (石羽根ダム, Ishibane damu) is a dam in Kitakami, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, completed in 1953.
# Indian Head, Pennsylvania

Indian Head is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 381, 10.4 miles (16.7 km) east of Connellsville. Indian Head has a post office with ZIP code 15446, which opened on December 17, 1853. The community was named for its location near the headwaters of Indian Creek.
# Iain Smith (Scottish politician)

Iain Smith (born 1 May 1960) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician. He was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the North East Fife constituency from 1999 until his defeat at 2011 election by the SNP's Rod Campbell.

## Education

Smith was educated at Bell Baxter High School in Cupar, Fife, before reading Politics and Economics at Newcastle University.

## Early career

Prior to entering Holyrood, Smith worked for Northumberland County Council, managed an Advice Centre in Dundee and was Constituency Assistant to North East Fife MP, Sir Menzies Campbell. Simultaneously, he was a Councillor and Leader of the Liberal Democrats on Fife Council 1986–99.

## In Parliament

Smith was elected to the first Scottish Parliament in May 1999 to represent his home constituency of North East Fife and was appointed as Deputy Minister for Parliamentary Business in the government of First Minister Donald Dewar. A post he held until Dewar's death the following year.
He convened the Parliament's Procedures Committee from 2003 to 2005 when he was elected Convener of the Education Committee, a position he held until the 2007 Scottish Parliament election.
After the election Smith was appointed Scottish Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Europe, External Affairs and Culture and was elected by his colleagues to Chair of the Scottish Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Party. In September 2008 he became Convener of the Scottish Parliament's influential Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee.
Between 2001 and 2011 he represented the Scottish Parliament as a member of the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly.

## Personal life

Smith was one of four openly gay, lesbian or bisexual MSPs in the 2007–2011 Parliament, along with Scottish Green Party leader Patrick Harvie, former MSP Margaret Smith and Joe FitzPatrick.
For the past eight years, Smith has lived with his partner in Ladybank. He has a broad interest in sports; particularly cricket and football. He likes to travel widely and has a keen interest in culture.
# Tordera

Tordera (Catalan pronunciation:) is a city in the comarca of Maresme, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, situated 64 km from Barcelona and 36 km from Girona on the edge of the Montnegre natural park. Its population as of 2010 was 15,641.
The economy used to be based on agriculture, especially cork production, but has diversified into textile manufacturing and construction. The Tordera River flows through the town. The Romanesque church of Saint Stephen is situated in the town centre: part of the altar is original, but the rest of the building was renovated in the 16th and 18th centuries.
The GR 92 long distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Tordera. Stage 12 links northwards to Lloret de Mar, a distance of 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi), whilst stage 13 links southwards to Hortsavinyà, a distance of 12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi).
# Mucientes

Mucientes is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 632 inhabitants.
# Lochmaeocles cornuticeps

Lochmaeocles cornuticeps is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schaeffer in 1906.

## Subspecies

* Lochmaeocles cornuticeps cornuticeps Schaeffer, 1906
* Lochmaeocles cornuticeps federalis Dillon & Dillon, 1946
* Lochmaeocles cornuticeps pacificus Dillon & Dillon, 1946
# The Sacred Balance

The Sacred Balance is a book by environmentalist David Suzuki, which is in its second edition as of 2007. The book explores human society's impact on the natural world, both for the planet and the people living on it. Suzuki reveals how dependent humankind is upon the planet's water, soil, sunlight, and the breath of its vegetation. Threats to the planet's balance, ranging from toxic pollution to global warming are also discussed.
A series of documentary films, also called The Sacred Balance, is based on the book produced by Kensington Communications, Inc. Producer Robert Lang was the producer of the series.
# Meria, Haute-Corse

Meria is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
# Infanta, South Africa

Infanta is a settlement in Overberg District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Seaside resort at the estuary of the Breede River, at St Sebastian Bay, some 80 km south-east of Swellendam. Takes its name from Cape Infanta several kilometres to the south, and from its situation on the Breede River. The cape was in turn named after captain João Infante, who commanded one of Bartolomeu Dias's caravels.