OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semiparametric model

In statistics, a semiparametric model is a statistical model that has parametric and nonparametric components.
A statistical model is a parameterized family of distributions: $\{P_{\theta }:\theta \in \Theta \}$ indexed by a parameter $\theta$.
* A parametric model is a model in which the indexing parameter $\theta$ is a vector in $k$-dimensional Euclidean space, for some nonnegative integer $k$. Thus, $\theta$ is finite-dimensional, and $\Theta \subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{k}$.
* With a nonparametric model, the set of possible values of the parameter $\theta$ is a subset of some space $V$, which is not necessarily finite-dimensional. For example, we might consider the set of all distributions with mean 0. Such spaces are vector spaces with topological structure, but may not be finite-dimensional as vector spaces. Thus, $\Theta \subseteq V$ for some possibly infinite-dimensional space $V$.
* With a semiparametric model, the parameter has both a finite-dimensional component and an infinite-dimensional component (often a real-valued function defined on the real line). Thus, $\Theta \subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{k}\times V$, where $V$ is an infinite-dimensional space.
It may appear at first that semiparametric models include nonparametric models, since they have an infinite-dimensional as well as a finite-dimensional component. However, a semiparametric model is considered to be "smaller" than a completely nonparametric model because we are often interested only in the finite-dimensional component of $\theta$. That is, the infinite-dimensional component is regarded as a nuisance parameter. In nonparametric models, by contrast, the primary interest is in estimating the infinite-dimensional parameter. Thus the estimation task is statistically harder in nonparametric models.
These models often use smoothing or kernels.

## Example

A well-known example of a semiparametric model is the Cox proportional hazards model. If we are interested in studying the time $T$ to an event such as death due to cancer or failure of a light bulb, the Cox model specifies the following distribution function for $T$:
    $F(t)=1-\exp \left(-\int _{0}^{t}\lambda _{0}(u)e^{\beta x}du\right),$
where $x$ is the covariate vector, and $\beta$ and $\lambda _{0}(u)$ are unknown parameters. $\theta =(\beta ,\lambda _{0}(u))$. Here $\beta$ is finite-dimensional and is of interest; $\lambda _{0}(u)$ is an unknown non-negative function of time (known as the baseline hazard function) and is often a nuisance parameter. The set of possible candidates for $\lambda _{0}(u)$ is infinite-dimensional.
# Xestolabus

Xestolabus is a genus of leaf-rolling weevils in the beetle family Attelabidae. There are at least 30 described species in Xestolabus.

## Species

These 30 species belong to the genus Xestolabus:
* Xestolabus angustifrons Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus biplagiatus Voss, 1951
* Xestolabus brevicollis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus brunnescens Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus brunneus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus cearensis Voss, 1951
* Xestolabus centomyrciae Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus chalceus Voss, 1957
* Xestolabus clinolaboides Voss, 1938
* Xestolabus conicollis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus constrictipennis (Chittenden, 1926)
* Xestolabus corvinus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus fulvitarsis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus heterocerus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus jatahyensis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus laesicollis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus lepidus Voss, 1930
* Xestolabus longiclava Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus melanopygus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus mutabilis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus nitidus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus piceovirens Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus rubellus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus schirmi Voss, 1953
* Xestolabus sedatus Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus tabaci Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus tabascoensis Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus troglodytes Voss, 1925
* Xestolabus venezolensis Janczyk, 1960
* Xestolabus violaceus Voss, 1925
# Kılıçlar, İmranlı

Kılıçlar is a village in the İmranlı District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 91 in 2023.
# Wimer

Wimer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Wimer (1810–1863), American politician
* Marie Wimer, American tennis player
* Ross Wimer, American architect
# Shiori Usui

Shiori Usui is a composer of contemporary classical music, improvising musician and music animateur based in Scotland. She is originally from Japan.

## Career

Usui's music has been performed by orchestras and ensembles around the world including BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Cottbus State Theatre Philharmonic Orchestra, Birmingham Contemporary Music Group, A Far Cry, Collegium Novum Zurich and Artisan Trio, and with conductors such as Ilan Volkov, Martyn Brabbins, Peter Rundel and Franck Ollu.
In 2018, Usui's composition "from scratch" was awarded the Scottish Awards for New Music for large ensemble and she was shortlisted for the Twenty Fifth Anniversary Awards by the Arts Foundation.
In 2017, "from scratch" was performed by BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra and Usui as a vocalist with conductor Ilan Volkov at Tectonics Glasgow festival.
In 2016, Usui won a publishing deal with Ricordi Berlin.
In 2015, Usui's music "Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s.l." was performed at the BBC Proms by BCMG and conductor Franck Ollu.
In 2013 – 2014, Usui was awarded the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group/Sound and Music composer-in-residence, and Scottish Chamber Orchestra Connect Fellow funded by BBC Performing Arts Fund, for working with children with additional support needs.
In 2012, Usui's composition 'Warai' received the Toru Takemitsu Composition Award. In the same year, Usui was awarded a Civitella Ranieri fellowship in conjunction with UNESCO-Aschberg Bursary.
As an improvising musician, Usui has performed with artists and groups such as Arve Henriksen, Ilan Volkov, Rie Nakajima, Lee Patterson, Cato, Grey Area, BCMG and Collegium Novum Zurich.
As a music animateur, Usui has worked as a fellow in the Scottish Chamber Orchestra's outreach and education department, worked in various projects with school children and has had a training with Musicians Without Borders Edinburgh.
# Slew (spacecraft)

The slew of a spacecraft is its orientation in reference to a plane or fixed position such as Earth, the Sun, another celestial body or other point in space. When moving to assume such an orientation, the spacecraft is slewing.
During spaceflight, a craft's attitude must be controlled for reasons depending on the craft's mission. Keeping a spacecraft slewed properly is vital for ensuring that its antenna remains oriented toward Earth for sending and receiving data and commands. Additionally with many craft, keeping their solar arrays angled toward the Sun optimizes their power absorption and reduces the craft's reliance on internal power systems. Thermal heating and cooling of a craft and its subsystems can also be controlled by the craft's orientation. Cameras or other sensing equipment that are fixed into position upon the craft need to be aimed by slewing the craft. A spacecraft can either be spin stabilized or 3-axis stabilized to maintain proper orientation.
For spin-stabilized spacecraft, slewing is accomplished by applying a (significant) torque to the spacecraft, in general by operating a thruster in synchronous or asynchronous direction to its spin to adjust its spin rate. This results in a precession and slews for this kind of spacecraft are therefore also called "precession manoeuvre."
The slew of 3-axis stabilized spacecraft is typically in closed loop control with thrusters or electrically-powered reaction wheels maintaining or altering the craft's attitude based on sensor measurements. A typical example is a space telescope that should be turned to observe a new celestial object. But also for 3-axis stabilized spacecraft for which the normal attitude is not inertially fixed the spacecraft is said to make a slew if the attitude is changed in another way and with another, mostly higher, rate than when in the basic attitude control mode. An example is the Magellan probe that once per orbit interrupted the scanning of the Venus surface making a large turn to direct its high gain antenna to the Earth for data transmission.
# Tambet

Tambet is an Estonian masculine given name. Individuals bearing the name Tambet include:
* Tambet Pikkor (born 1980), Estonian ski jumper
* Tambet Tampuu (born 1963), Estonian lawyer and a judge
* Tambet Tuisk (born 1976), Estonian actor
# Zeegendorf

Zeegendorf is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany. It is in Oberfranken (Upper Franconia), in the Bamberg district. Zeegendorf is a constituent community of Strullendorf.

## Geography

A stream called the Zeegenbach has its source east of the village, and then flows through the village.
The village has an elevation of about 400 meters.
Zeegendorf lies in the nature park "Naturpark Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst."

## History

The first mention of the village was by Bishop Otto of Bamberg on July 25, 1109.
The village, along with several others in the area, fell victim to Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War in 1633.
The building of a church, St. Josef, was completed in 1952, and was consecrated on August 24 of that year. Three bells were installed in the church in 1966. In 1970, the village established a cemetery.
The village became incorporated into the community of Strullendorf on May 1, 1978.
In 2009, the village celebrated its 900-year anniversary with a festival.

## Culture

There are several community organizations in Zeegendorf:
* Marksmen/Sport-Shooting Club: "Schützenverein St. Hubertus Zeegendorf 1957 e.V."
* Veteran's Group: "Soldatenkameradschaft Zeegendorf"
* Volunteer Fire Department: "Freiwillige Feuerwehr Zeegendorf"
Several businesses are in Zeegendorf, including a restaurant which has been open since 1964, known as “Gasthaus Stark.”
The village's yearly Kirchweih (church consecration festival) is held on the Sunday after Assumption Day ("Maria Himmelfahrt"); however, when Assumption Day falls on a Sunday, then the Kirchweih is a week later.
| Year | Population |
| 2009 | 564 |
| 2010 | 572 |

## Infrastructure

Zeegendorf lies on the Staatsstraße 2188.
# Xpax

Xpax, launched in 2004, is Celcom (now CelcomDigi) Axiata Berhad's line of prepaid mobile plan. As of December 2017, it served over 6.72 million subscribers, it comprises the majority of Celcom’s 9.56 million total subscriber base

## Services

Xpax offers prepaid and mobile internet plans through the Celcom network. It is the first prepaid service to offer 4G LTE connectivity in Malaysia.

## Brand

Xpax features two sub-brands. S.O.X. (School of X) is aimed at school children and teens aged 13–17 years. U.O.X. (University of X) is aimed at university and college students aged 17–23 years.
Since 2013, the brand has employed the tagline “Got 4G LTE Time!”.
# Shiota Choseichi Dam

Shiota Choseichi Dam is a rockfill dam located in Tochigi prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 0.3 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 12 ha of land when full and can store 1580 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1982 and completed in 2000.
# Mark Keppel

Mark Keppel served as County Superintendent of Schools of Los Angeles County from 1902 to 1928.

## Life and Times

Born on April 11, 1867, in Butte County, California, Mark Keppel grew up in a very strict religious pioneer family. Keppel completed his education at San Joaquin College, (originally Woodbridge Academy), and after receiving his Ph.D. Degree, he taught in Dunnigan, California.
Keppel married his wife, Mae Hubbard, in 1894. Four years later, the couple moved to Los Angeles where Keppel taught at the School of Los Angeles. After a few years of teaching, Dr. Keppel was elected Superintendent of L.A. County Schools.
Mark Keppel died on June 16, 1928.

## Career as Superintendent

Keppel was elected to the position of County Superintendent of Schools of Los Angeles County in 1902, 1906, and again in 1910. In 1914, the office came under Civil Service, and Keppel held it until his death.

## Legacy

There are currently one school district and three schools named after Mark Keppel. These are:
* Keppel Union Elementary, a school district based at 34004 128th St. East, Pearblossom, CA, serving the five communities of Littlerock, Pearblossom, Sun Village, Lake Los Angeles, Llano as well as neighboring areas.
* Mark Keppel High School, a California Distinguished High School located at 501 E. Hellman Ave., Alhambra, CA.
* Mark Keppel Elementary School, a K-5 school located at 6630 East Mark Keppel St., Paramount, CA.
* Mark Keppel Elementary School, a K-5 school located at 730 Glenwood Rd., Glendale, CA.
# NGC 4502

NGC 4502 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices, originally discovered by William Herschel on March 21, 1784. The galaxy features a broad HI line. In the background and to the celestial north of the galaxy, two uncatalogued, distant colliding galaxies can be seen.
# Zeeger Gulden

Zeeger Daniël Johan Wilhelm Gulden (2 March 1875 – 24 November 1960) was a Dutch architect and member of the municipal council of Amsterdam for the Social Democratic Workers' Party.

## Biography

Zeeger Gulden was born in Zaltbommel to the local municipal architect Antonie Marinus Adolf Gulden. After graduating from the Hogere Burgerschool in Zaltbommel, Zeeger Gulden moved to Amsterdam in 1896, where he was employed as an illustrator at the municipal telephone company.
While he was employed at the municipal telephone company, Zeeger Gulden helped found the Amsterdam Union of Municipal Officials in 1907, and became editor of the union's magazine Het Prinsenhof. After he published an article in the magazine that was critical of the municipal government, Zeeger Gulden was fired from the municipal telephone company in 1908. This affair was widely reported on in the media and eventually led to the resignation of Amsterdam mayor Wilhelmus Frederik van Leeuwen.
Zeeger Gulden subsequently established himself as an architect, and founded the architect firm Gulden & Geldmaker together with his colleague Melle Geldmaker, which was responsible for many social housing projects in Amsterdam and in other towns in the Netherlands.
In 1909, Zeeger Gulden was elected to the municipal council of Amsterdam for the Social Democratic Workers' Party. In the 1920s, Zeeger Gulden together with Emanuel Boekman pleaded for the construction of an underground railway network in Amsterdam. Zeeger Gulden would serve for 30 years as a municipal councillor to eventually resign on 5 September 1939.
After the Second World War, Zeeger Gulden worked together with architect Izaäk Blomhert (1879-1956) and after Blomhert's death with Ger Husslage. Husslage continued the work of the architect firm after Gulden's death under his own name.

## Publications

* Rationalisatie in de woningbouw (H. Meulenhof, 1930).

## Selected works

* The Rozentheater in Amsterdam
* Workers' houses on the Van den Berghstraat in Maastricht
* Workers' houses on the Jozef Israëlskade in Amsterdam
* Workers' houses on the Merwedeplein in Amsterdam

## Personal life

Zeeger Gulden married Johanna Sophia Petronella Dutrij van Haeften on 22 December 1904. Together they had two children: Zeger Maria Antonie Gulden (born 1905) en Maria (Miek) Johanna Gulden (born 1908). His son Zeger was an active member of the Dutch resistance to the German occupation during the Second World War and was executed in 1943 or 1944.
# Xiditou

Xiditou Town (simplified Chinese: 西堤头镇; traditional Chinese: 西堤頭鎮; pinyin: Xīdītóu Zhèn) is a town in the northern Beichen District, Tianjin, China. It shares a border with Shangmatai Town in the north, Panzhuang and Zaojiacheng Towns in the east, Huaming and Jinzhong Subdistricts in the south, as well as Dazhangzhuang and Xiaodian Towns in the west. According to the 2010 census, it has 45,407 people residing under its administration.
The name Xiditou (Chinese: 西堤头; lit. 'West Dam's End') is taken from the town's administrative center, Xiditou Village. The village got the name for situating on the western side of Fangchao Dam.

## Geography

Xiditou Town is located on the northern bank of Jinzhong River, with Yongdingxin River passing through its middle. It is connected to both Jinning Expressway and National Highway 112.

## History

Timetable of Xiditou Town :
| Years | Status | Belong to |
| 1912 - 1928 | | Ninghe County, Zhili |
| 1928 - 1949 | Dong Township | Ninghe County, Hebei |
| 1949 - 1953 | Dong Township | Ninghe County, Hebei |
| 1953 - 1958 | Dongditou Township Huozhuangzi Township | Ninghe County, Hebei |
| 1958 - 1961 | Under Xindian People's Commune | Hangu District, Tianjin |
| 1961 - 1963 | Ditou People's Commune Luxinhe People's Commune | Heping District, Tianjin |
| 1963 - 1985 | Ditou People's Commune Luxinhe People's Commune | Beijiao District, Tianjin |
| 1983 - 1985 | Ditou Township Huozhuangzi Township | Beijiao District, Tianjin |
| 1985 - 1992 | Xiditou Township Huozhuangzi Township | Beijiao District, Tianjin |
| 1992 - 2002 | Xiditou Town Huozhuangzi Town | Beichen District, Tianjin |
| 2002 - present | Xiditou Town | Beichen District, Tianjin |

## Administrative divisions

At the end of 2022, Xiditou Town is made up of 10 villages, all of which are listed below:
* Dongditou (东堤头)
* Xiditou Cun (西堤头村)
* Liukuai Zhuang (刘快庄)
* Luxinhe (芦新河)
* Yao Zhuangzi (姚庄子)
* Huozhuangzi Cun (霍庄子村)
* Zhao Zhuangzi (赵庄子)
* Ji Zhuangzi (季庄子)
* Xinhou Zhuang (辛侯庄)
* Hansheng Zhuang (韩盛庄)
# Witold

Witold is a masculine Polish given name. This name derives from the Lithuanian “Vytautas” composed of two elements: “vyti” (chase) plus “tauta” (the people), but It is also possible that it is a name of Germanic origin which means "ruling the forest". Notable people with the name include:
* Vytautas (c. 1350–1430) (Polish: Witold Kiejstutowicz, Witold Aleksander or Witold Wielki), ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, prince of Grodno and prince of Lutsk
* Witold, nom de guerre used by Jan Karski (1914-2000), Polish resistance fighter and professor
* Witold Abramowicz (politician) (1874–1940/1941), Lithuanian politician
* Witold Abramowicz (scientist), Polish scientist
* Witold Balcerowski (1935–2001), Polish chess player
* Witold Baran (1939–2020), Polish middle-distance runner
* Witold Conti (1908–1944), Polish film actor
* Witold Czartoryski (1824–1865), Polish Duke of Klewán and Zuków
* Witold Leon Czartoryski (1864–1945), Polish noble
* Witold Gombrowicz (1904–1969), Polish novelist and dramatist
* Witold Hurewicz (1904–1956), Polish mathematician
* Witold Kiełtyka (1984-2007), Polish drummer, a founding member of the death metal band Decapitated
* Witold Kieżun (1922–2021) Polish economist, participant in the Warsaw Uprising and prisoner in the Soviet gulag
* Witold Lutosławski (1913–1994), Polish composer and conductor
* Witold Małcużyński (1914–1977), Polish pianist
* Witold Mańczak (1924–2016), Polish linguist
* Witold Mroziewski (born 1966), Polish-American Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop of Brooklyn
* Witold Pahl (born 1961), Polish politician
* Witold Pilecki (1901–1948), Polish World War II cavalry officer, intelligence agent and resistance leader, co-founder of the Secret Polish Army resistance movement
* Witold Pruszkowski (1846–1896), Polish painter
* Witold Roter (1932–2015), Polish mathematician
* Witold Rowicki (1914–1989), Polish orchestra conductor
* Witold Rybczynski (born 1943), Canadian-American architect, professor and writer
* Witold Szabłowski (born 1980), Polish journalist and author
* Witold Szyguła (1940–2003), Polish international football goalkeeper and manager
* Witold Tomczak (born 1957), Polish politician
* Witold Urbanowicz (1908–1996), second highest-scoring Polish fighter ace of the Second World War
* Witold Wojtkiewicz (1879–1909), Polish painter
* Witold Zacharewicz (1914–1943), Polish film actor executed for aiding Jews during the Holocaust
* Witold Zawadowski (1888–1980), Polish radiologist
* Witold Zagórski (1930–2016), Polish basketball player and coach
# Shirehampton F.C.

Shirehampton Football Club is a football club based in Bristol, England. They are currently members of the Western League Division One and play at Penpole Lane, Bristol.

## History

Shirehampton were formed as Kingsweston Star, changing their name to Penpole United in 1952, joining the Church of England League. In 1954, the club once again changed their name to Shirehampton Sports, whilst competing in the Bristol and District League. In the early 1970s, the club changed their name to their current guise. In 1978, Shirehampton entered the Somerset County League. In 2000, Shirehampton won the Somerset County League, winning it again in 2011 as well as the Somerset County Cup that year and 2015. In 2020, Shirehampton joined the Gloucestershire County League.
In 2022, the club was admitted into the Western League Division One. Shirehampton finished sixth in their first season at step 6 and qualified for the play-offs. After beating Wells City 3–0 in the semi-finals, they lost 2–1 to Oldland Abbotonians in the play-off final.

## Ground

The club currently play at Penpole Lane, in the Shirehampton area of Bristol. During the 2021–22 season, Shirehampton entered a groundsharing agreement with Bristol Manor Farm at The Creek, whilst Shirehampton undertook ground improvements at Penpole Lane.

## Records

* Best FA Vase performance: First qualifying round (2023–24, 2024–25)
# Slobozia Bradului

Slobozia Bradului is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Cornetu, Coroteni, Liești, Olăreni, Slobozia Bradului, and Valea Beciului.
The commune is situated in the northeastern extremity of the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 189 m (620 ft). It is located in the southern part of Vrancea County, 28 km (17 mi) from the county seat, Focșani, on the border with Buzău County. Slobozia Bradului is crossed on the south side by national road DN2 (part of European route E85), which links Bucharest to Moldavia and Bukovina.
At the 2011 census, the commune had a population of 7,010; of the inhabitants for whom data were available, 76.4% were Roma and 23.6% were Romanians; 66.4% were Pentecostal and 33.4% Romanian Orthodox. At the 2021 census, Slobozia Bradului had a population of 8,930; of those, 78.77% were Roma and 13.72% were Romanians.
# Tango bundle

In algebraic geometry, a Tango bundle is one of the indecomposable vector bundles of rank n − 1 constructed on n-dimensional projective space P$^n$ by Tango (1976)
# Zhang Guangjun (born 1965)

Zhang Guangjun (Chinese: 张广军; born 21 March 1965) is a Chinese engineer and politician who is the current Vice Minister of Science and Technology, in office since November 2021. Previously he served as president of Southeast University. He is an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Zhang was born in Tianjin, on 21 March 1965. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1986, a master's degree in 1989, and a doctor's degree in 1991, all in precision instrument and all from Tianjin University. He also studied at North Dakota State University from April 1997 to April 1998. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in June 1986.
After graduating from Tianjin University, he taught at Beihang University, where he successively worked as lecturer, associate professor, professor. He moved up the ranks to become vice-president and dean of the Graduate School in December 2008. He was honored as a Distinguished Young Scholar by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2001. He was appointed as a "Chang Jiang Scholar" (or " Yangtze River Scholar") by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in 2008. In November 2015, he became president of Southeast University, a position at vice-ministerial level. In November 2021, he was appointed Vice Minister of Science and Technology by the State Council of China.