OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cigarette Camp

A Cigarette Camp was one of a number of temporary U.S. Army "tent cities" situated principally around the French ports of Le Havre and Marseilles following their captures by Allied Forces in the wake of the Allied D-Day invasion in June 1944 and Operation Dragoon in August 1944.
Le Havre camps were located in an area the Army designated the "Red Horse" staging area and named after popular brands, including Camps Lucky Strike, Old Gold, and Pall Mall. Another group of temporary camps established at the same time in France took their names from United States cities and are referred to as "City Camps". A single Cigarette Camp, Tophat, was located in Antwerp, Belgium.
The Cigarette Camps were administered by the 89th Infantry Division, headquartered at Bois-Guillaume, near Rouen.

## Origin of names

The names of cigarettes and cities were chosen for two reasons:
   First, and primarily, for security. Referring to the camps without an indication of their geographical location went a long way to ensuring that the enemy would not know precisely where they were. Anybody eavesdropping or listening to radio traffic would think that cigarettes were being discussed or the camp was stateside, especially regarding the city camps.
   Secondly, there was a subtle psychological reason, the premise being that troops heading into battle wouldn't mind staying at a place where cigarettes must be plentiful and troops about to depart for combat would be somehow comforted in places with familiar names of cities back home (Camp Atlanta, Camp Baltimore, Camp New York, and Camp Pittsburgh, among others).
The camps varied widely in size, from around 2,000 in capacity to nearly 60,000 at the largest of the "Big Three", Camps Philip Morris, Old Gold, and Lucky Strike.

## French camps

The nine Cigarette Camps included:
* Camp Home Run, Sanvic: 2,000
* Camp Wings, on the grounds of the Blaville Aerodrome: 2,250
* Camp Pall Mall, at Etretat: 7,700
* Camp Herbert Tareyton, located in the :fr:Forest of Montgeon (park): 16,400
* Camp Twenty Grand, at Saint-Pierre-de-Varengeville: 20,000
* Camp Philip Morris, Gainneville: 35,000
* Camp Old Gold, at Ourville-en-Caux/Yerville/Doudeville/Yvetot: 35,000
* Camp Lucky Strike, at Saint-Sylvain, Seine-Maritime between Cany and Saint-Valery-en-Caux: 58,000
* Camp Chesterfield: (unknown)

## Belgian camp

* Camp Tophat was a "Cigarette Camp" located near Antwerp, Belgium, named after a popular American brand. Exact capacity is unknown, but the single camp fielded "thousands of black 20-man tents".

## Role shift

By war's end, both Cigarette and City camps' roles had shifted from gateways to combat staging GIs for repatriation to the U.S., processing liberated American POWs, and temporarily confining German POWs.
Post-war, many of the camps survived with yet new roles, including housing for displaced persons at least into the mid-1950s.
# Cistus sintenisii

Cistus sintenisii is a shrubby species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. It was named in honor of Paul Sintenis.

## Phylogeny

Cistus sintenisii belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species. :
| Halimium spp.     Halimium spp.  PPC     Cistus crispus       Cistus heterophyllus     Cistus albidus   Cistus creticus     Cistus asper   Cistus chinamadensis   Cistus horrens   Cistus ocreatus   Cistus osbeckiifolius   Cistus palmensis   Cistus symphytifolius   WWPC       Cistus clusii   Cistus munbyi     Cistus inflatus   Cistus ladanifer   Cistus laurifolius   Cistus libanotis   Cistus monspeliensis   Cistus parviflorus   Cistus populifolius   Cistus pouzolzii   Cistus salviifolius   Cistus sintenisii | Purple Pink Clade  White Whitish Pink Clade |
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. :
# City of Lies (disambiguation)

City of Lies is a 2018 crime film directed by Brad Furman.
City of Lies may also refer to:
* City of Lies (book), 2014 nonfiction book by Ramita Navai
* City of Lies (novel), 2018 young adult novel by Sam Hawke
# City of Chaos

City of Chaos is a board game that was published by Monocle Games in 1996.

## Gameplay

City of Chaos, designed by Martyn Oliver and Colin Thornton, combines a board game with elements of fantasy role-playing. The game is set in Byronitar, "City of Chaos", whose inhabitants are threatened by forces of entropy.

### Purpose

The players must save the city from destruction.

### Components

The following components are included:
* tiles, which are added to the table one at a time to make up the map of the city
* skull-head tokens
* playing cards
* a book titled "Tome of Chaos"
* pewter miniatures

### Play

When a player approaches the edge of a tile, the player lays a new tile down, and draws cards that represent the monsters, treasure and characters that inhabit that area of the city. The "Tome of Chaos" then provides a role-playing encounter keyed to that location, and the player must make choices based on the encounter, and solve puzzles that provide clues as to how to save the city.

## Reception

In the July 1997 edition of Dragon (Issue #237), Rick Swan liked the game's attempt to mix board game and role-playing game, saying the game "redefines the genre, effortlessly infusing a clever set of board game mechanics with the rich characterizations and plot twists of an RPG." Swan concluded, "An English import, City of Chaos may be hard to find, but it’s worth the hunt."
The reviewer from Pyramid #28 (Nov./Dec., 1997) stated that "City of Chaos is unlike any other board game I have ever played. It combines loose and fast board game elements with roleplaying elements to create a unique experience."

## Reviews

* Arcane #10 (September 1996)
# Clar

Clar or CLAR may refer to:

## People
### Given name

* Clar Weah (born 1965), First Lady of Liberia

### Surname

* Erich Clar (1902–1987), Austrian chemist
* Fanny Clar (1875–1944), French journalist and writer
* Jean-Pierre Clar (born 1942), French rugby player
* Mimi Clar Melnick (1935–2013), American journalist, writer, and jazz host
* Pedro Clar (born 1986), Spanish tennis player and coach
* Walter Clar (born 1994), Paraguayan footballer

## Other uses

* BMW CLAR platform, a car platform
* CLÀR, a Scottish Gaelic book publisher
# Civilian Aircraft Company

The Civilian Aircraft Company was a British aircraft manufacturer between 1928 and 1933.

## History

The company was formed in 1928 at Burton-on-Trent by Harold Boultbee, a former Handley Page aircraft designer, who became the managing director and chief designer. The company established a factory on the southern perimeter of the Hull Municipal Airport, at Hedon. The company only produced one aircraft type, the Civilian Coupé a two-seat light monoplane. After producing six aircraft the company became bankrupt and the factory at Hedon closed in 1933.

## Aircraft

* 1929 - Civilian Coupé
# Liu Yan (dancer)

Liu Yan is a classical Chinese dancer, choreographer, stage director, and professor at the Beijing Dance Academy. She has performed in many dance dramas and won many dance competitions in and outside China.

## Early life

Liu had a passion for classical Chinese dance during her childhood. She started dancing at the age of nine. When she was ten years old, Liu gained admission to the Beijing Dance Academy middle school. In 1993, when she was eleven years old, she entered the Beijing Dance Academy middle school.
Liu enrolled at the Beijing Dance Academy at the age of eighteen. She studied professional dancing with a major in classical Chinese dance. She graduated in 2003.

## Career

Liu has performed in the 2007 CCTV New Year's Gala, alongside some of China's most famous people. She has also won some of the nation's most prestigious awards for dance and drama.
Liu was chosen to be the lead dancer in the "Silk Road" segment at the Beijing 2008 Olympics opening ceremony. On 27 July, twelve days before the actual performance, she fell from a malfunctioning moving platform during an evening rehearsal at the Beijing National Stadium. She was rushed to a local military hospital where she underwent six hours of surgery. The accident resulted in nerve and spinal damage, which paralyzed her lower body.
In March 2010, Liu established the Liu Yan Arts Special Fund to help children living in poverty, orphans, and migrant workers' children through arts education. Since March 2010, she has been giving classes at the Beijing Dance Academy. As reported in 2012, she pursued a doctorate degree in dance theory at the Beijing Dance Academy. As a professor at the Beijing Dance Academy, she is also devoted to dance movement therapy.
In 2016, Liu published a book titled Dance with Hands: Research of the Hand Dance in Chinese Classical Dances, detailing her research about hand gestures in classical Chinese dance.
On 18 June 2021, Liu staged her directorial debut with the dance drama Jing Yan at the Century Theater in Beijing. This is the first dance drama produced by the dance studio that Liu launched in 2019.
# Christine Lake (Minnesota)

Christine Lake is a lake in Cook County, Minnesota, in the United States.
Christine Lake was named for the daughter of the county school superintendent.
# Tributylamine

Tributylamine (TBA) is an organic compound with the molecular formula (C$_4$H$_9$)$_3$N. It is a colorless liquid with an amine-like odor.

## Uses

Tributylamine is used as a catalyst (proton acceptor) and as a solvent in organic syntheses and polymerization (including polyurethanes).
# Holowaty

Holowaty (may be spelled as Holovaty, Holovatyi) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrian Holovaty, American web developer.
* Bill Holowaty, American baseball coach.
* Daniel Holowaty (born 1989), American soccer player.
* Paul Holowaty (born 1985), English actor
* Serhiy Holovatyi, Ukrainian politician.
# Civilian (disambiguation)

A civilian is a person who is not a member of his or her country's armed forces.
Civilian(s) or The Civilian(s) may also refer to:

## Law

* A specialist in Roman law
* A specialist in modern civil law
* A member of the College of Civilians
* A member of the Indian Civil Service in British India

## Music

* Civilian (Boy Kill Boy album), 2006
* Civilian (Gentle Giant album), 1980
* Civilian (Wye Oak album) or the title song, 2011
* Civilian, an album by Adam Pascal, 2004
* Civilian, an album by Frank Tovey, 1988
* Civilians (Joe Henry album) or the title song, 2007

## Other uses

* Civilian (street artist), Australian street artist
* The Civilian, a New Zealand satirical website
* The Civilians, an investigative theatre company in New York City
* Nissan Civilian, a light bus
# Claas Hugo Humbert

Claas Hugo Humbert (5 August 1830, in Bielefeld – 26 May 1904) was a German scientist and writer.
# Clan Murtagh O'Conor

The Clan Murtagh O'Conor (Irish: Clan Muircheartaigh Uí Conchobhair) were descendants of Irish High-King Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, through his son, Murtogh Moynagh O'Conor (d.1210), tánaiste of Connacht. They have been defined by Katherine Simms as:
   "... the earliest, most aristocratic and best documented example of increasing nomadism in the northern half of Ireland in the late middle ages. ... In spite of the fact that they were a very numerous branch of the O'Conor family, who supplied five kings to the throne of Connacht, they seem to have vanished away in the early fifteenth century, never to be heard of again."

## Clan Murtagh kings of Connacht

* Cathal McConnor Roe O'Conor, reigned 1280–1288
* Magnus McConnor Roe O'Conor, reigned 1288–1293
* Hugh Breifnech O'Conor (i.e., of Breifne), reigned 1309–1310
* Rory O'Connor, reigned 1315–1316
* Hugh McHugh Breifne O'Conor, reigned 1342–1343, Died 1350

## Short history

The family held a position of overlordship in south Mayo prior to the Norman occupation of Connacht by Richard Mór de Burgh. Their area of control was likely conterminous with the Diocese of Mayo recognised at the Synod of Kells in 1152, but which had not existed in 1111. After the Norman take-over in 1235, a section came to an accommodation with the Butler dynasty in Umhaill and then Erris, part of their former overlordship, until finally being expelled in 1274 following the killing of Henry Butler, Lord of Umallia. Others moved east to the King's Cantreds in the 1240s and cooperated with resistance to further Norman conquest. They supported Áed na nGall in kings' sons formations of horse-borne raiding parties. They attempted thereafter with short periods of success to contest for the title of the rump-Kingdom of Connacht with their cousins, the descendants of Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair. Increasingly excluded from power after the reign of Magnus O'Conor, they left Machaire Connacht and by the 1290s their main base of activity was in Breifne O'Rourke where they developed formations of landless nomadic creaghts following their cattle-herds. A creaght was a grouping of families that in one body followed a herd, depending on it for their pastoralist existence. After the 1360s their standing was greatly reduced as former allies and enemies combined against their disruptive presence in Fermanagh and both East and West Breifne. They then removed to County Roscommon as supporters of the O'Conor Roe, gradually fading into obscurity.
The last annal entry concerning them comes from the Annals of Connacht, 1474, when:
   Donnchad son of Muirchertach son of Aed O Conchobair of the remnant of the Clann Muirchertaig [i.e. d'iarsma Clainni Murcertuig] died at Toberelva in Mag nAi.

## Family tree (simplified)

* Kg. = King of Connacht
# Clarice Baright

Clarice Baright (1881-1961) was an American attorney and social worker. Baright was the second female and first Jewish woman to be sworn in as magistrate of New York City.

## Personal life

Clarice Baright, born Sadie Margoles, was born in 1881 in Vienna, Austria to Elizabeth and Shussman Margoles. The family immigrated to the United States three years later. She married George Frances Baright, an insurance salesman, who had two children from a previous marriage.

## Career

Baright attended law classes at New York University while working full-time as a clerk. She was teased for being one of a few women attending these classes. She did not formally earn a law degree, but she was admitted to the New York State Bar Association in 1905.
She worked in the Lower East Side advocating specifically for juveniles and rehabilitating juvenile delinquents. She eventually earned the nickname the "Lady Angel of the Tenement District". In 1915, she was recommended to the bench of the New York City Family Court division's Court of Special Sessions, but Mayor John Purroy Mitchel turned her down as a candidate. She would be appointed to the position ten years later by Mayor John Hylan, making Baright the second female magistrate in New York. Her term lasted only a short time, and she was unable to secure long-term appointments in following years. Despite this, she kept up her legal work, eventually becoming a formal member of the law firm Markewich, Rosenhaus, Beck, and Garfinkle.
# Clarica

Clarica can refer to:
* Clarica or Claricia, a 13th-century nun and illuminator
* Clarica Life Assurance, a Canadian insurer based in Waterloo, Ontario
# Sphenomorphus senja

Sphenomorphus senja is a species of skink found in Malaysia.
# S. ornatus

S. ornatus may refer to:
* Scotomanes ornatus, the harlequin bat, a vesper bat species
* Sorex ornatus, the ornate shrew, a mammal species
* Spizaetus ornatus, the ornate hawk-eagle, a bird of prey species
* Stenocercus ornatus, is a species of lizard of the Tropiduridae family
# Ecker Ranch

Ecker Ranch is a 1,080-acre (4.4 km$^2$) ranch in Madera County, California near Yosemite National Park. In 2009 it was listed as one of about 30 historic ranches in California that have been preserved under the auspices of the California Rangeland Trust.
It was a homesteaded ranch that has stayed in the same family since the 19th century. It is still a working ranch, that also serves as a hunting lodge and offers camping experiences for youth groups.
The ranch dates from 1870. It was more than 4,500 acres (18 km$^2$) in size. Much of the surrounding area has been developed.
The founder came to California from the Alsace-Lorraine region.
Overstreet was paid $3,000,000 for the agricultural easement, far less than what the property could have sold for with no restrictions.
# Lecythis minor

Lecythis minor, the monkey-pot tree, is a small tree with toxic seeds that occurs in South America.

## Description

Lecythis minor is a small to medium-sized tree that ranges from 5–25 m (16–82 ft) in height and has a 70 cm (28 in) diameter at breast height. Its bark is grey, and is smooth when the tree is young but develops deep vertical fissures as the tree ages.
It has ovoid leaves that are about 8.5–24.5 cm (3.3–9.6 in) long and 4.5–10 m (15–33 ft) wide. The leaves are glabrous and coriaceous, with serrated margins. The leaves have 12 to 19 pairs of lateral veins, and the leaf stalks are 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) and puberulous.
The flowers of Lecythis minor are arranged on a rachis, being 10–35 cm (3.9–13.8 in) long, and the inflorescences are white to yellow, green while budding. Each rachis has 10 to 75 flowers, and the rachides are pubescent.
The fruit of the tree have a distinct cup shape representative of the genus Lecythis, and are spherical with a 7.5–11 mm (0.30–0.43 in) thick pericarp. The seeds are reddish-brown and fusiform, and contain toxic amounts of selenium. The seeds tolerate a very low pH.

## Habitat and ecology

Lecythis minor is common in South America. It ranges from the Maracaibo lowlands of Venezuela to the northern coast of Colombia where it ascends the Magdalena and Cauca valleys. It was introduced in many other places in South America as well, from La Lima in Honduras to Soledad in Cuba. It occurs in dry, open, and disturbed habitats, where it grows as a small and many-branched tree. It can also be found in moister forests where it forms a taller, single-trunked tree. It grows especially well along rivers in tropical forests. The tree tolerates an annual precipitation of 9.1–22.8 dm (36–90 in), an annual temperature of 24.4–26.5 °C (75.9–79.7 °F), and a soil pH of 5.0 to 8.0.
The tree is pollinated by bees and seeds are dispersed by fruit bats.

## Uses

It is cultivated as an ornamental tree in many places, such as the Summit Gardens in Panama. The nuts of the tree are collected when ripe, and the tree can produce fruit as young as 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall. In indigenous medicine, the fruit is supposedly antiasthmatic and depilatory.

## Chemistry

The seeds are toxic, especially when consumed in large quantities. The toxicity is derived from the amino acid in the plant that is a selenium analog to cystathionine, through which selenium is stored in the seeds during reproductive growth. The seeds contain approximately 85% of the tree's total selenium in the form of selenomethionine. The seeds taste agreeable, but can induce nausea, anxiety, and giddiness, and can cause loss of hair and fingernails. Dickinson found that after consuming 300 to 600 seeds he had temporary loss of hair and fingernails. The toxicity can vary depending on the soil, as some evidence suggests that seed toxicity increases as the amount of selenium in the soil increases.
# Hoi Mei Wan Beach

Hoi Mei Wan Beach is a gazetted beach located near Airport Core Programme Exhibition Centre on Castle Peak Road in Ting Kau, New Territories, Hong Kong. The beach has barbecue pits and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is rated as Grade 2 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality. The beach offers views of the Ting Kau Bridge as well as Tsing Ma Bridge.

## History

In 1979, the beach was gazetted by the Hong Kong Government. However, since May 1995, the beaches in Tsuen Wan District were closed due to the construction of the nearby Ting Kau and Tsing Ma Bridges and no longer allowed the public to swim due to its poor water quality and lifeguard services have to be suspended.
The beach has been reopened to the public for swimming since 15 June 2011.

## Water quality

In early 2003, Hoi Mei Wan Beach (along with three other nearby beaches) was closed because the water quality had worsened following the commissioning of Stage 1 of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS). While HATS Stage 1 overall improved water quality in Victoria Harbour, it worsened conditions in the western area of the harbour because of the large quantity of non-disinfected effluent being released from the Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works.
Permanent disinfection facilities were built at Stonecutters Island under HATS Stage 2, and water quality subsequently improved. Hoi Mei Wan Beach was officially reopened to swimmers on 15 June 2011, and lifeguards are provided there once again.

## Features

The beach has the following features:
* BBQ pits (3 nos.)
* Changing rooms
* Showers
* Toilets
* Bathing sheds
# Homalocalyx ericaeus

Homalocalyx ericaeus is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.
The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.0 metre (1.0 to 3.3 ft). It blooms between July and August producing white flowers.
It is found on sandstone plateaus in a small area in the east Kimberley region of Western Australia where it grows in shallow soils.
# Homalocalyx grandiflorus

Homalocalyx grandiflorus is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.
The spreading shrub typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 0.5 metres (0.7 to 1.6 ft) but can reach as high as 2 m (7 ft). It blooms between October and December producing red-pink-purple flowers.
It is found on sand plains in the Goldfields-Esperance region in a small area north of Kalgoorlie of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils.
# Holcodiscidae

Holcodiscidae is an ammonite family placed in the superfamily Desmoceratoidea.

## Description

Moderately involute with rounded, rectangular, or depressed whorl section; straight or sinuous, fine, dense ribs typically continuing over venter and may be periodically truncated by oblique, enlarged ribs, with or without umbilical, lateral and ventrolateral tubercles. Suture rather simple.

## Genera

* Astieridiscus
* Holcodiscus
* Jeanthieuloyites
* Parasaynoceras
* Spitidiscus

## Distribution

Fossils of species within this family have been found in the Cretaceous sediments in Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and Russia.
# Honner

Honner may refer to:
* Honner Township, Redwood County, Minnesota, United States
* John St. George Honner, an American farmer and politician
* Maria Honner, an Irish actress
* Ralph Honner, an Australian soldier
* Robert William Honner, an English actor