OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Space Industry Act 2018

The Space Industry Act 2018 (c. 5) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom introduced by Chris Grayling as Secretary of State for Transport to extend and improve the regulatory framework for commercial spaceflight activities (involving both launch to orbit and sub-orbital spaceflight) to be carried out from spaceports in the United Kingdom and launches and other activities overseas by UK entities. It operates in conjunction with the Outer Space Act 1986.

## Outline of provisions

The Act prohibits the carrying on of spaceflight and specified associated activities without a licence and breach of this prohibition will be an offence. The Secretary of State is the regulatory authority and has a duty to secure public safety in carrying out his or her functions under the Act. There are powers to enable the Civil Aviation Authority or other persons to carry out functions on behalf of the Secretary of State. Applicants for licences will also be required to meet any requirements set out in secondary legislation made under this Act.
It creates offences including:
* Hijacking of spacecraft
* Destroying, damaging or endangering safety of spacecraft
* Endangering safety at spaceports
* Possession of a firearm or explosive at a spaceport or on a spacecraft
Prosecutions under this act require the consent of the Attorney General for England and Wales or the Director of Public Prosecutions in Northern Ireland.
# Sparkasse Hagen

Sparkasse Hagen is the Sparkasse of Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, serving the greater Hagen area. Its former main office, the Sparkasse Hagen Tower, was a regional landmark until its demolition in 2004.
# McMasters

McMaster is a surname of Gaelic origin. The McMaster family originated in Scotland before having their land dispossessed by the Macleans. Ever since losing their land the McMaster surname has migrated throughout England, The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Gerald McMaster, Artist, Author and Curator of Siksika Nation
* Henry A. McMasters (1848–1872), Medal of Honor holder
* Jake McMasters (born 1950), American author a.k.a. David L. Robbins
# Sparkling Fresh

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Sparkling Fresh is a live performances album by free jazz ensemble Universal Congress Of, released on April 21, 1998 through Hazelwood Records.
# Mazahua

Mazahua may refer to:
* Mazahua people, an Indigenous people of Mexico
* Mazahua language, the Oto-Pamean language spoken by the Mazahua people
# Maʻasi

Maʻasi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ilaisa Ma'asi (born 1982), Tongan rugby union player
* Losaline Maʻasi (fl. 2017), Tongan politician
* Rekeiti Ma'asi-White (born 2003), English rugby union player
* Viliami Maʻasi (born 1975), Tongan rugby union player
# Spin canting

Some antiferromagnetic materials exhibit a non-zero magnetic moment at a temperature near absolute zero. This effect is ascribed to spin canting, a phenomenon through which spins are tilted by a small angle about their axis rather than being exactly co-parallel.
Spin canting is due to two factors contrasting each other: isotropic exchange would align the spins exactly antiparallel, while antisymmetric exchange arising from relativistic effects (spin–orbit coupling) would align the spins at 90° to each other. The net result is a small perturbation, the extent of which depends on the relative strength of these effects.
This effect is observable in many materials such as hematite.
# Spanish Creek

Spanish Creek may refer to:
* Spanish Creek (British Columbia)
* Spanish Creek (Plumas County, California)
* Spanish Creek (Georgia)
# SC Kuopio Futis-98

SC Kuopio Futis-98 (abbreviated SC KuFu-98 or KuFu-98) was a football club from Kuopio, Finland. The club was formed in 1998 and their home ground is Savon Sanomat Areena.
Since 2015 KuFu-98 acted as a farm club of Veikkausliiga club KuPS. In December 2021, it was announced that the newly established KuPS Akatemia (or KuPS II) will continue as the reserve team of KuPS and will gain the position and rights of SC KuFu-98.

## Background

SC KuFu-98 was established in 1998, the club's inaugural meeting being attended by Leo Pohjolainen, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Heikki Kärkkäinen, Markku Korhonen, Pekka Toivanen, Janne Koskinen and Mikko Kolehmainen. The players for the first season came mainly from the Airakselan Yrityksen sports club.
The club began their competitive matches in the Nelonen (Fourth Division). After their first season they gained promotion to the Kolmonen (Third Division) where they have subsequently played most of their football. The one exception was in 2003 when they have played one season in the Kakkonen (Second Division), the third tier of Finnish football.
Well-known former players are Yrjö Happonen, Atik Ismail, Pele Koljonen, Janne Savolainen and Freddy Adu.

## Season to season

| Season | Level | Division | Section | Administration | Position | Movements |
| 2002 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 2nd | Promoted |
| 2003 | Tier 3 | Kakkonen (Second Division) | East Group | Finnish FA (Suomen Pallolitto) | 12th | Relegated |
| 2004 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 5th | |
| 2005 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 4th | |
| 2006 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 10th | |
| 2007 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 6th | |
| 2008 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 4th | |
| 2009 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern and Central Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | 2nd | |
| 2010 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | | Eastern and Central Finland (SPL Itä-Suomi) | | |

## Club structure

Soccer Club Kuopio Futis-98 run one team. The club does not have a junior section.

## 2010 season

SC KuFu-98 is competing in the Kolmonen administered by the Itä-Suomi SPL and Keski-Suomi SPL. This is the fourth highest tier in the Finnish football system. In 2009 the team finished in second place in the Kolmonen.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Kuopion Palloseura ja KuFu-98 jatkavat tiivistä farmiyhteistyötään (in Finnish)
* ↑ KuPS Akatemia ottaa KuFu-98:n sarjapaikat
* ↑ "SC KUFU 98 Seura". Retrieved 2 July 2010.
* ↑ "Finland – Divisional Movements 1930–2009". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
# Tony Rensa

George Anthony Rensa (September 29, 1901 – January 4, 1987) was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball. Rensa played for the New York Yankees, Detroit Tigers, Philadelphia Phillies and the Chicago White Sox. He batted and threw right-handed.
He was born in Parsons, Pennsylvania and died in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
In 200 games over six seasons, Rensa posted a .261 batting average (134-for-514) with 71 runs, 7 home runs, 65 RBI and 57 bases on balls. Defensively, he recorded a .965 fielding percentage as a catcher.
# Charles Lewis (priest)

Charles Gerwyn Rice Lewis was a Welsh Anglican priest, most notably the third Archdeacon of Newport.<
Lewis served with the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. was educated at St David's College, Lampeter and ordained deacon in 1923 and priest in 1924. After curacies in Canton, Pwllgwaun and St Woolos, Newport he held incumbencies at Treherbert and All saints' Newport. Lewis was a Chaplain to the Forces during World War II. He was Archdeacon of Newport from 1953 archdeacon from 1949 until his death on 17 July 1964, during which time he was also Vicar of St Mellons.
# Commissioners for loyal and indigent officers

The Commissioners for loyal and indigent officers were a body formed by a 1662 Act of the Parliament of England (14 Cha. 2. c. 8) to provide relief to impoverished Royalist officers who had served in the English Civil War.
After the English Restoration in 1660, the relief of those who had served Charles II and his father presented an important political issue. The act establishing the commission provided for the distribution of £60,000 among "loyal and indigent" officers certified by the commissioners.
The funds for relief were charged on the tax revenues of Cornwall, Rutland, Monmouthshire, Lancashire, Westmorland, and Anglesey authorized by the Taxation Act 1661. The commissioners were to choose a treasurer who would receive the funds from the receivers-general of those counties for disbursal. Commissioners were named for each county, who were to examine applicants and provide certificates attesting to the rank, service, loyalty, and indigence of former officers. These would be dispatched to regular meetings of some of the commissioners at Westminster, who would issue warrants for payment to the holders of certificates. Higher-ranking officers were to receive more relief, in proportion to the salaries of serving officers. The certificate-holders were also to be granted preference in admission to charities and hospitals. Distribution was to end on 29 September 1662.
A list of claimants was printed in 1663, which serves as a useful source for identification of Royalist officers. This was a response to the commissioners' difficulties in controlling fraud: some of the claimants were accused of having inflated their army rank to receive a greater share of the distribution, or of having made claims based on officers' commissions they never exercised in the field. However, modern scholars judge the published list to be fairly accurate; contemporary suspicions may have arisen due to regional rivalries, as the £60,000 appropriated proved to be inadequate to relieve the needs of the many claimants. The act was amended in 1663 to allow the commissioners to examine witnesses in certain cases of suspected fraud and extended the deadline for payment to 24 September 1663.
The Taxation Act 1670 (22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 21) provided for a commission to take the accounts of the treasurers, receivers, and collectors for the £60,000.
# Chemin de fer Baie des Chaleurs

The Chemin de fer Baie des Chaleurs (reporting mark CBC) (in English, the Chaleur Bay Railway) was a short line railway that operated in eastern Québec from 1996 to 2007.
Owned by the holding company Quebec Railway Corporation (QRC), CBC operated freight service between Matapédia in the west to Chandler and later Gaspé in the east.

## 1996 establishment

The Chemin de fer Baie des Chaleurs was established on 1 December 1996 as a subsidiary of QRC to operate the former Canadian National Railway (CN) Cascapedia Subdivision between Matapédia and New Carlisle as well as the western half of the Chandler Subdivision between New Carlisle and Chandler.
This transaction did not include the eastern half of the Chandler Subdivision between Chandler and Gaspé, however, this track was purchased on 16 June 1997 from CN by a non-profit corporation owned by local municipalities called Société de chemin de fer de la Gaspésie (SCFG). Operation of the eastern half of the Chandler Subdivision was then sub-contracted by SCFG to CBC, creating a seamless 202 miles (325 km) line between Matapédia in the west and Gaspé in the east.

## 2007 sale to SCFG

In 2007 QRC sold the remainder of CBC's Matapédia to Chandler line to the SCFG which was owned by local municipalities. The SCFG track ownership begins 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the wye in Matapédia. This small connecting section remained in QRC ownership and was transferred to its subsidiary Chemin de fer de la Matapédia et du Golfe (CFMG). CFMG was sub-contracted to provide freight service for SCFG.
In November 2008 CFMG was sold to CN.
# John Davidson (antiquarian)

John Davidson of Stewartfield and Haltree FRSE WS (c.1725-1797) was a Scottish antiquary, author/publisher and co-founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He served as Deputy Keeper to the Signet. He was a friend of Lord Hailes, David Herd, William Tytler, George Paton and Callander of Craigforth, early figures in the Scottish Enlightenment. He was much admired by Bishop Thomas Percy, who described as a man of learning and very excellent critic.

## Life

He was born in 1724/5 the son of Elizabeth Brown, sister of Rev William Brown of Edinburgh and her husband, James Davidson of Haltree, an Edinburgh bookseller. He trained as a lawyer at the University of Edinburgh and was then apprenticed to George Balfour WS. He then worked as a Crown Agent, and agent for many wealthy Scottish landowners and noblemen, specialising in land transactions.
In 1758 he is noted as Joint Treasurer of the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge. In 1790 he is listed as one of the few Freeholders in Edinburgh entitled to vote in the general election. From 1770 to 1796 he was Commissioner to the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, amongst other wealthy clients. In 1793 he was a founding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He died at his house at Castlehill, Edinburgh on 29 November 1797.

## Family

He was married to Helen Gibson (d.1796). They had no children. On his death Haltrees was bequeathed to a son of Sir William Miller baronet and his estate of Cairntows was bequeathed to Henry Dundas.

## Publications

* Black Arts
* Accounts of the Chamberlain of Scotland 1329-1331 (1771)
* Charta Willelmi Regis Scotorum, Canonicis de Jedburgh Concessa (1771) engraved by Andrew Bell
* Remarks on some of the Editions of the Acts of Parliament of Scotland (1792)
* Observations on the Regiam Majestatem (1792)
He also worked on the editing of Lord Hailes’ Annals of Scotland (1797)
# John Davidson (botanist)

John Davidson (1878 – 1970) was a notable Scottish-Canadian botanist.

## Biography

He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland.
He worked at the University of Aberdeen from 1893 to 1911. He later moved to Canada in the hopes of securing a professorship at the soon to be established University of British Columbia (UBC). Instead, he was appointed the first Provincial Botanist of British Columbia. Davidson established a herbarium on West Pender Street, Vancouver, and a botanical garden near New Westminster, at Coquitlam (at the Colony Farm and Essondale farming and mental hospital complex, which later became Riverview Hospital in the 1950s). This collection was moved to the UBC in 1916 where it became the UBC Botanical Garden. This move is often described as having involved the transfer of 25,000 plants, though this figure is an exaggeration. Even if Davidson and his staff transferred two thousand plants, the feat would still have been extraordinary. As a UBC faculty member in Botany from 1916 to 1948 Davidson was instrumental in developing botany teaching at the University.
He also founded the Vancouver Natural History Society (which has been renamed Nature Vancouver)
# John Chandler Moore

John Chandler Moore (about 1803 – September 28, 1874) was an American silversmith, active in New York City. While initially working for Marquand and Co., he worked exclusively for Tiffany & Co. after 1851. His son, Edward Chandler Moore, was in charge of designing and manufacturing silverware at Tiffany.
Moore worked from circa 1827 to 1831 as a silversmith in New York City, partnered from 1832 to 1836 with Garrett Eoff as Eoff & Moore, again worked solo from 1837 to 1847, then partnered with his son, Edward Chandler Moore, from circa 1848 to 1855 as J. C. Moore & Son. He sold pieces in the Rococo Revival style, then called the French style, through retailer Ball, Tompkins, and Black (Ball, Black & Co.) In 1851 Tiffany and Co. contracted with the firm to produce holloware exclusively for Tiffany's, in sterling silver (925 parts per 1,000 parts silver) rather than the then-typical American coin silver, and in 1868 the firm was acquired by Tiffany.
Moore was the second American silversmith (after Michael Gibney) to patent silver flatware designs, in 1847 receiving patent numbers 114 (Louis XIV) and 124 (pattern name unknown). One of his notable works was the Collins tea service, made of solid gold, that was displayed at the 1851 Great Exhibition and 1853 Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations.
# Townsend, Georgia

Townsend is an unincorporated community in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It lies along State Route 57 northwest of the city of Darien, the county seat. Its elevation is 20 feet (6 m). It has a post office with the ZIP code 31331.
Townsend includes the United States Marine Corps's Townsend Bombing Range, which is an over 34,000 acre area used for combat training by all the U.S. military branches' pilots.

## History

A post office called Townsend was established in 1894. The community was named after one Joe Townsend.
# John Dunlop (minister)

John Dunlop, CBE (born 1939) is one of the most significant figures within Irish Presbyterianism in the latter half of the 20th century.

## Early life and career

Born in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland, UK, in 1939, he served with the Presbyterian Overseas Board as a minister with the United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. His first congregation was at Mount Hermon in the west of Jamaica and then in 1971 he succeeded Rev David Lapsley, another Irish Presbyterian minister, as minister of Webster Memorial United Church in Kingston.
From 1978 to 2005, Dunlop was minister of Rosemary Presbyterian Church but with the support and encouragement of the congregational leadership he has exercised a wider ministry in efforts to further better relations between Protestant and Roman Catholics encouraging each community to better understand the other's culture and history.
He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland in 1992–93.

## Public appointments

From 1987 to 1999, Dunlop was Senator of Queen’s University Belfast. From 1996 to 1997, along with Peter North, Vice-chancellor of Oxford University, and Fr Oliver Crilly from Strabane, Dunlop was a member of the Independent Review of Parades and Marches which laid the foundations of the Parades Commission in Northern Ireland.

## Academic degrees

* Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy (1962), Queen's University of Belfast
* Honorary Doctor of Divinity (DD), Presbyterian Theological Faculty, Ireland
* Honorary Doctor of Divinity(DD), Trinity College, Dublin
* Honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD), University of Ulster
* Honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD), Queen's University, Belfast

## Awards

1989: Eisenhower Fellow from Eisenhower Fellowships in Philadelphia representing Northern Ireland.
1993: The "Cultural Traditions Award", in recognition of his "established and continuing contribution to debate on cultural diversity within Northern Ireland".
2004: CBE for services to the community.

## Lectures

1985/86: The Warrack Lectures on "Preaching in the Midst of Conflict" in the Theological Faculties of the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow and St Andrews.

## Publications

* Book: "A Precarious Belonging: Presbyterians and the Conflict in Ireland" (1995), a description of Presbyterians in Ireland and how their values and attitudes have underpinned political life in Northern Ireland since its beginning.
# John Fergus O'Hea

John Fergus O'Hea (c. 1838 – 2 September 1922) was an Irish political cartoonist who sometimes published under the pseudonym Spex. Born in Cork, he was the son of James O'Hea, a barrister who was active in the Young Ireland movement and had been secretary to Daniel O'Connell. He attended the Cork School of Design, and painted trade union banners for Cork parades in the 1860s, 70s and 80s.
As a cartoonist, his early work appeared in the Dublin Weekly News, a nationalist newspaper, in the late 1860s. In 1870 he co-founded the humorous magazine Zozimus, an Irish answer to Punch, with journalist A. M. Sullivan. O'Hea was chief artist and drew the covers. In its second year Richard Dowling became editor. Other cartoonists who contributed included Harry Furniss and Wallis Mackay. O'Hea also drew cartoons for the European Civiliser in the early 1870s. In 1872, after Zozimus folded, he moved to London and contributed to an Irish-run magazine called Tomahawk, which only lasted a few issues.
Back in Dublin in 1874, O'Hea, Dowling and Edwin Hamilton founded Ireland's Eye. After the style of Vanity Fair, each issue featured a colour caricature of a notable person, drawn by O'Hea under the name "Spex". Two editions of each issue were published, one at 6d with the cartoon in colour, the other at 3d with the cartoon in black and white. Ireland's Eye closed in 1876, after which O'Hea and Hamilton revived Zozimus as Zoz. O'Hea drew a full or double page cartoon in each issue until it too folded two years later. In 1879 O'Hea and Hamilton launched a new magazine, Pat, which ran until 1883 and also featured cartoons by Thomas Fitzpatrick.
In the 1880s O'Hea contributed a large colour weekly political cartoon to the Weekly Freeman, a weekly nationalist newspaper. He also drew cartoons for The Nation, and created poster-sized lithographs for the Christmas issues of magazines such as the Shamrock, Young Ireland and The Sunshine. He was on staff at the Weekly Freeman from 1893 to 1896. In January 1897 he delivered an illustrated lecture on "Irish Caricaturists and Cartoonists" to the Irish Literary Society in London.
For a time O'Hea was manager of the pictorial department of the Evening Telegraph. He lived in London from the 1893 until his death. Towards the end of his career, in 1914–15, he drew cartoons for Thomas Fitzpatrick's magazine The Lepracaun, during Fitzpatrick's final illness.
O'Hea's talents were highly regarded, even by those who did not share his nationalist politics. In 1883 the conservative British journal St. Stephen's Review described O'Hea as an "out-and-out nationalist", but also as "one of the cleverest artists in the three kingdoms" who "could be making his thousands per annum if he cared to live in London, where he is well known and highly thought of;" instead he "draws his most marvellous cartoons for the most miserable of Irish comic papers." In 1890 William Ewart Gladstone gave "a high testimony to the ability and principle of the Weekly Freeman artist" and described his pencil as "directly guided by a spirit of patriotism".
* Cartoon from the Weekly Freeman, 1883
* Cartoon from the Weekly Freeman, 1887
# Tower Mint

Tower Mint was founded in 1976 by acclaimed sculptor Raphael Maklouf (famous for his effigy of Queen Elizabeth II featured on many Commonwealth coins between 1985 and 1997) and has become one of the leading private mints in the UK and the last remaining mint in London.
On 1 April, 2017, Tower Mint became the official minter of Isle of Man coinage.
# Too Much (album)

Too Much is the first album by Berlin-based indie punk artist Bonaparte. It was officially released by Bonaparte and Staatsakt label in 2008, although a handmade version was already being sold at their concerts since 2007.

## Track listing

All songs written, produced & performed by Tobias Jundt, except where otherwise noted.
* "Do You Want to Party" – 1:14
* "Who Took the Pill?" – 2:31
* "Too Much" – 3:06
* "Anti Anti" (T. Jundt, J. Suske) – 3:15
* "Ego" – 4:07
* "Tú me molas" – 3:49
* "Wrygdwylife?" – 3:34
* "Blow It Up" (T. Jundt, C. Monnier) – 3:15
* "Lvdngrslvngklls" (T. Jundt, J. Suske) – 2:59
* "I Can't Dance" – 3:02
* "No, I'm Against It!" – 1:52
* "A-a-ah" – 3:52
* "Bienvenido (Reprise)" – 3:25
* "Gigolo Vagabundo" (Bonus Track) – 4:00
* "3 Minutes in the Brain of Bonaparte" (Hidden Track) – 3:14
* Bonus videos: "Too Much", "I Can't Dance", "Anti Anti", "No, I'm Against It!", "Wrygdwylive?" and "Who Took the Pill?"

## Releases

Several versions of the album include alterations in the artwork, in the track list order and additional discs. Some of this versions include:
* "Bloody artwork" version with alternate handmade artwork and different track list order. CD. (2007)
* Regular edition (15 tracks + bonus videos). CD, red vinyl and digital download. (2008).
* Limited edition including Blood, Sweat & Würstchen (live portion of the Remuched album) as a second disc. CD, red/blue vinyl and black vinyl. (2009)