OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perumizhalai Kurumba Nayanar

Perumizhalai Kurumba Nayanar is the 22nd of 63 Nayanar saints of Hinduism. Traditional hagiographies like Periya Puranam (13th century CE) and Thiruthondar Thogai (10th century CE) describe him as a great devotee of the Hindu god Shiva. He was a follower of another Nayanar, Sundarar.

## Hagiographical account

Perumilai Kurumba Nayanar was born in the Kurumba community in the village of Perumizhalai (also known as Perumanallur and Devamalai) located in the Pudukottai district of Tamil Nadu. Perumizhalai Kurumba was engaged in his traditional occupation of rearing sheep and making thick blankets from their wool as a devotee of Lord Shiva.
Sundarar has casually mentioned about Perumizhalai, in his Vaippu Sthalangal i.e., places that were mentioned casually in the devotional songs, in Tevaram. The Guru Pooja of Perumizhalai Kurumba Nayanar is celebrated every year in his home town.
Perumizhalai Kurumba Nayanar was a servant of Sivaperuman, a chieftain who governed the Perumizhalai region. The saint used to pack sufficient food and other articles in a woolen Kambli and forward them from the border of the region. The Nayanar was noted for his simple nature and austerity by the people. The saint spent his life with great devotion and faith.
Perumizhalai Kurumba Nayanar was a contemporary with Sundarar, the Chera King Cheraman Perumal and Kotpuli Nayanar who also figure in the 63 Nayanars. Kurumba Nayanar was the admirer of Sundarar and accepted him as his guru. The saint enjoyed in chanting Panchakshara as well as the hymns of Thiruthonda Pathikam. Thiruthonda Pathikam is part of Thiruthonda Thogai composed by Sundarar in praise of 63 Nayanars at Tiruvarur temple. Over a period time Kurumba Nayanar attained Ashta-siddhis, eight yogic powers.
Sundarar proceeded to the sacred land Thiruvanchikulam as a spiritual journey. Using his siddhis, Kurumba Nayanar learned that Shiva had decided to recall Sundarar to His divine abode, granting Sundarar salvation. As the troubled Kurumba Nayanar felt that he could not live without his beloved guru, he left his mortal body with his powers and attained the abode of Shiva, before his guru.
Tamil month Adi – Chithirai star is widely celebrated as Guru Puja Day of Kurumba Nayanar.
# Kothandaramaswamy Temple

The Kothandaramaswamy Temple at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu is a shrine dedicated to the Hindu deity Rama. The temple is Classified one among the 108 Abhimana Kshethram of Vaishnavate tradition. Located at a distance of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Rameswaram, it forms the southernmost tip of the island. The temple is the only historical structure to survive the 1964 cyclone that washed away Dhanushkodi. The temple has the deities of Rama, Lakshmana, Sita, Hanuman and Vibhishana. The temple is surrounded by sea and remains a tourist attraction. It is easily accessible from Rameswaram.

## Historical background

The temple is estimated to have been constructed about 500-1000 years ago. Rama, the main idol, is depicted as having a bow (Kothandam), and hence the name Kothandaramaswamy for the idol.
The temple is believed to be the place where Vibhishana, the younger brother of Ravana, asked Rama and his vanara (ape men) army for refuge. According to this tradition, after the abduction of Sita, Vibhishana advised Ravana to return her to Rama. However, Ravana did not listen to the advice, which led to Vibhishana fleeing from Lanka and joining Rama's army. When Vibhishana surrendered to Rama, the vanara army urged Rama not to accept Vibhishana believing him to be a spy. However, Rama accepted Vibhishana under the insistence of Hanuman stating that it is his duty to protect the ones surrendered to him. It is also said that after the slaying of Ravana, Rama performed the "Pattabhishekam" (ascension to king of Lanka) for Vibhishana at this place. The story is depicted in painting across the walls inside the shrine.

## Location and importance

Situated on an island that is surrounded by Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar, the temple is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Rameswaram. When Dhanushkodi was severely affected by the 1964 Rameswaram cyclone, the temple was the only structure that survived. Swami Vivekananda is said to have visited the place after his historic trip to Chicago.

## Sethusamudram project alignment

After Independence, six alignments were proposed for the implementation of the Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project. Incidentally, the fourth of the six proposed alignments was dropped because it proposed that a large area around the Rameswaram island, including the temple, be demolished.
# Madhyantara

Madhyantara is a 2022 Kannada-language film produced and directed by Dinesh Shenoy. The film was selected for the International Film Festival of India (IFFI), Goa. Cinematography was done by Sunil Borkar, edited by Suresh Urs and the music is composed by Sidhant Mathur. The film was shot on 16mm. The story is about the process of film-making with details that Shenoy observed over a period of time during his association with the movies.
Madhyantara won 2 awards at the 70th National Film Awards, presented by the National Film Development Corporation of India. While Dinesh Shenoy won the Best Debut Film of a Director award in the Non-Feature Films category, which includes a 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)' and a certificate, Suresh Urs won the Best Editing award in the same category, which includes a 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)' and a cash prize.

## Plot

In the 1970s Karnataka, two boys from a small village embark on an extraordinary journey as they go from being pedestrian film-buffs to being filmmakers themselves.
# Wu Chau

Wu Chau is the name of two islands of Hong Kong:
* Wu Chau (North District)
* Wu Chau (Tai Po District)
Wu Chau is also an old transliteration of the Chinese city of Wuzhou
# Eino Wälikangas

Eino Wälikangas (his surname until 1906 was Buddén) (11 October 1889 – 1960) was a Finnish diplomat.

## Early life

Wälikangas was born in Savonlinna, the son of E.J. Buddén and Johanna Augusta Granit. He graduated from secondary school in 1907 and graduated with a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1914.

## Career

Wälikangas was a curator of the Savonian Society from 1916 to 1918 and taught Sanskrit in 1915 and 1919 at the University of Helsinki. He was an Officer of the Foreign Affairs Office in Vaasa in 1918, and the archivist in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs from 1919 to 1922.
He was the Deputy Secretary in Berlin from 1920 to 1921. He also received the Counselors' title in 1921.
He served as the Head of the Department of Personnel and Administration at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1923 to 1927, when he became the Secretary of the London Office. He also ran the office in Washington in 1933.
Wälikangas was the Finnish envoy to many cities between 1934 and 1937, including Buenos Aires and Santiago. He also became the Finnish envoy in Rio de Janeiro from 1937 to 1945. He was on non-active status from 1945 to 1947 and on special assignment from 1947 to 1949. He was the rapporteur for foreign ambassadors from 1949 to 1956.
# Tierras de León

Tierra de León or Tierras de León (Tierras de Llión in the Leonese language) is a shire (comarca) in the province of León. The city of León, capital of the province, is the biggest city in the comarca.
# Nissan Diesel Space Runner A

The Nissan Diesel Space Runner A (kana:日産ディーゼル・スペースランナーA) was a heavy-duty single-decker bus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan Diesel (now: UD Trucks) from 2007 until 2011. It can be either built as a complete bus or a bus chassis.
This is a rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star.
The MD92TJ (and 5-speed manual) was adopted for PKG-AP..., and the 6M60 (and Alison 6-speed automatic) was adopted for LKG-AP....
A step-entrance (AP35...) was for both PKG-AP... and LKG-AP..., but a low-floor (AP37...) was only for LKG-AP....

## Models

* PKG-AP35UK/UM/UP (2007)
* LKG-AP35/37FK/FM/FP (2010)
* Space Runner A One-Step PKG-AP35UM
* Space Runner A Non-Step LKG-AP37FK
# Ocquerre

Ocquerre (French: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called Ocquerrois.
# Perumpadappu

Perumpadappu may refer to:
* Perumpadappu, Malappuram, Kerala state, India
* Perumpadappu, Ernakulam, Kerala state, India
# Kothangudithattimal

Kothangudithattimal is a village in the Kumbakonam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Kothangudi had a total population of 705 with 343 males and 362 females. The sex ratio was 1055. The literacy rate was 65.73.
It now appears to have a population of 811, with about 190 houses.
# Shaen baronets

The Shaen Baronetcy, of Kilmore in the County of Roscommon, was a title in the Baronetage of Ireland. It was created on 7 February 1663 for James Shaen, subsequently a member of the Irish House of Commons for Baltinglass, and a political figure of considerable importance in the 1660s and 1670s. The second Baronet represented Lismore in the Irish Parliament. The title became extinct on his death in 1725. The Shaens were descended from Sir Francis Farrell (died 1614) of Granard, County Longford, who took an oath of loyalty to Queen Elizabeth I c.1598, was knighted, and changed his name to Shaen.

## Shaen baronets, of Kilmore (1663)

* Sir James Shaen, 1st Baronet (died 1695)
* Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd Baronet (born after 1650–1725)
# Wu Changshuo

Wu Changshuo (Chinese: 吳昌碩; pinyin: Wú Chāngshuò, September 12, 1844 – November 29, 1927, also romanised as Wu Changshi, Chinese: 吳昌石; pinyin: Wú Chāngshí), born Wu Junqing (Chinese: 吳俊卿; pinyin: Wú Jùnqīng), was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and seal artist of the late Qing Period.

## Life

Wu was born into a scholarly family in Huzhou, Zhejiang. In his twenties, Wu moved to Jiangsu Province and settled down in Suzhou. Prior to the collapse of the Great Qing, he served as an imperial official in Liaoning.
Initially, he devoted himself to poetry and calligraphy with a strong interest in early scripts. He also led the Xiling Seal Art Society, an academic organisation for Hangzhou-based seal artists. Wu started painting in his thirties. Only later did he consider himself a painter associated with the "Shanghai School." As a painter, he was noted for helping to rejuvenate the art of painting flowers and birds. He considered carving seals and doing paintings to be integrated to each other.
His work garnered him fame and he was highly regarded in Japan.
After his death, he was interred under the Chaoshan.

## Gallery of Wu Changshi's artworks

* Couplet
* Seal Carving
* Ink and Water Plum Blossom
* Chrysanthemum Flowers and Bamboo
* Plum Blossom
* Two Durable Plants in Winter: Plum Flowers and Bamboo
* Peonies and Daffodils
* Peaches

## Sources

* Chinese Paintings in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford(162) Oxford ISBN 1-85444-132-9
* Chinese culture site
* Examples of his work at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston
# Roosevelt County

Roosevelt County refers to the following counties in the United States:
* Roosevelt County, Montana
* Roosevelt County, New Mexico
# Einsteinium fluoride

Einsteinium fluoride may refer to:
* Einsteinium(III) fluoride (einsteinium trifluoride), EsF$_3$
* Einsteinium(IV) fluoride (einsteinium tetrafluoride), EsF$_4$
* Einsteinium(VI) fluoride (einsteinium hexafluoride), EsF$_6$
# Richard Miles (historian)

Richard Miles (born 1969) is a British historian and archaeologist, best known for presenting two major historical documentary series: BBC2's Ancient Worlds (2010), which presented a comprehensive overview of classical history and the dawn of civilisation, and BBC Four's Archaeology: A Secret History (2013).

## Biography

Miles was born in Pembury, Kent. He studied ancient history and archaeology at the University of Liverpool and undertook a PhD in classics under Professor Peter Garnsey at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He is Professor of Roman History and Archaeology and pro-vice-chancellor of enterprise and engagement at the University of Sydney. He was formerly head of the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, and is a former director of the Arts Career Ready Programme at Sydney. His research primarily concerns Punic and Late Roman history and archaeology.
He has directed archaeological digs in Carthage and Rome, and in 2010 he published Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Mediterranean Civilisation. He also hosted the two-part Channel 4 series Carthage: The Roman Holocaust (2004), which focuses upon the war between Carthage and Rome.

## Works

* (editor) Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity (Routledge, 1999) ISBN 978-0-415-19406-8
* Carthage Must Be Destroyed (Allen Lane, 2010) ISBN 978-0-7139-9793-4; Paperback (Penguin, 2011) ISBN 978-0-14-101809-6
* The Vandals (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). ISBN 978-1-4051-6068-1
* Ancient Worlds: The Search for the Origins of Western Civilization (Allen Lane, 2010) ISBN 978-0-7139-9794-1
* (editor) The Donatist Schism: Controversy and Contexts (Liverpool University Press, 2016) ISBN 978-1-78138-281-3
# Time limit (disambiguation)

A time limit is a narrow field of time by which an objective or task must be accomplished.
Time limit may also refer to:
* Time Limit (film), a 1957 drama film
* "Time Limit" (song), a 2000 R&B single by Hikaru Utada
# Nkongsamba

Nkongsamba is a city in western Cameroon. It is in the Moungo department, which is in the Littoral. As of the 2005 Census, the city had a population of 104,050. It is a centre for the farming of palm oil, bananas and coffee, and is between two mountains, the Manengouba Massif (2,396 metres (7,861 ft)) and Mount Nlonako. The central point is the "Ville"; other areas are measured in "Kilo", for kilometer. Mbo (Manenguba) is one of the languages used locally: in the surrounding district, Kaa and Baneka are used.

## Other places

Baré is a village about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Ville. There is a weekly Thursday market at which farmers from the surrounding area gather to sell their goods.

## Transport

Nkongsamba was the terminus of the 172-kilometre (107 mi) western railway line from the port of Douala. Completed by German colonists in 1911, the railway line played a critical economic role in facilitating the shipment of agricultural commodities, especially coffee, to Douala. Nkongsamba slid into economic decline with the closure of the last 50-kilometre (31 mi) segment of the line from Mbanga. The town's charming art deco railway station remains but has been converted to housing. The city also has an abandoned airstrip.

## Notable natives

* Daniel Kamwa, actor and filmmaker
* Diederrick Joel, football player
* Samuel Eto'o, football player

## Gallery

* Mount Nllonako
* Manengouba Massif from central market
* Lele junction
* Vallée de 2Kilo
* Manengouba mount
* Manengouba massif
* Nlonako Mount
* Cattedrale dell'Immacolata a Nkongsamba
* Le Ntsebe est une dance folklorique de la famille Bamougong de Nkongsamba.
# Odontocera virgata

Odontocera virgata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Petar Kolev

Petar Kolev may refer to:
* Petar Kolev (footballer born 1974), Bulgarian retired football defender
* Petar Kolev (footballer born 1984), Bulgarian footballer for Master Burgas
# Krapchene

Krapchene is a village in Montana Municipality, Montana Province, Bulgaria.
# Zelenodolsk

Zelenodolsk may refer to:
* Zelenodolsk Urban Settlement, a municipal formation in Zelenodolsky Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia into which the town of republic significance of Zelenodolsk is incorporated
* Zelenodolsk, Russia, several inhabited localities in Russia
* Zelenodolsk, Ukraine, a city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine
# Rosario Olivo

Rosario Olivo (born 18 April 1940) is an Italian politician.
A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), he joined the Labour Federation (FL) in 1994 and the Democrats of the Left (DS) in 1998.
He was deputy from 1992 to 2001 and served as the President of Calabria from 1987 to 1992. In 2006, he was elected mayor of Catanzaro.
He is a Waldensian.
# Elabela

ELABELA (ELA, Apela, Toddler) is a hormonal peptide that in humans is encoded by the APELA gene. Elabela is one of two endogenous ligands for the G-protein-coupled APLNR receptor.
Ela is secreted by certain cell types including human embryonic stem cells. It is widely expressed in various developing organs such as the blastocyst, placenta, heart, kidney, endothelium, and is circulating in human plasma.

## Discovery

Elabela is a micropeptide that was identified in 2013 by Professor Bruno Reversade's team.

## Biosynthesis

Elabela gene encodes a pre-proprotein of 54 amino acids, with a signal peptide in the N-terminal region. After translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and cleavage of the signal peptide, the proprotein of 32 amino acids may generate several active fragments.

## Physiological functions

The sites of APLNR receptor expression are linked to the different functions played by Elabela in the organism. Despite that, Elabela is capable of signaling independently of APLNR in human embryonic stem cells and certain cancer cell lines including OVISE.

### Embryonic pluripotency

The Elabela protein is synthesized, processed and secreted by undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells but not mouse embryonic stem cells. In humans it is under the direct regulation of POU5F1 (a.k.a. OCT4) and NANOG.
Through autocrine and paracrine signalling, endogenous Elabela entrains the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to maintain pluripotency and self-renewal.

### Vascular

Elabela is expressed by midline tissues (such as the notochord in zebrafish and neural tube in mammals) during organogenesis.
There it serves as a chemoattractant to angioblasts expressing APLNR at their cell surface. This participates in the formation of the first and secondary vessels of the vascular system.

### Cardiac

The ELABELA -APLNR signaling axis is required for formation of the coronary vessels of the heart in mice through the sinus venosus progenitors.

### Pre-eclampsia

ELA is a secreted into the bloodstream by the developing placenta. Pregnant mice lacking Ela, exhibit pre-eclampsia-like symptoms, characterized by proteinuria and gestational hypertension.
Infusion of exogenous ELA normalizes blood pressure and prevents intrauterine growth retardation in pups born to Ela knockout mothers. ELA increases the invasiveness of trophoblast-like cells, suggesting that it may enhance placental development to prevent eclampsia.

## Therapeutics

Several mimetics of ELA have been developed for therapeutic purposes. Amgen has created a camel antibody and a small molecule agonist capable of mimicking the function of ELA towards it cognate receptor APLNR.
The latter has entered phase 1 clinical trials for heart failure and acute kidney disease. Bristol Myers Squibb has also created its own small molecule agonist of APLNR.
An opinion published in the Lancet in 2019 suggested that ELABELA could be used to treat intrauterine growth restriction and maternal morbidity linked to eclampsia.
# Richard Teale

Richard Grant Teale (born 27 February 1952 in Millom, Cumbria) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers, Fulham and Wimbledon, and in non-league football for a number of clubs in the London area.
# Time and Tide (Steve Ashley album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
Time and Tide is an album of original songs by British singer-songwriter Steve Ashley. It was released by Topic Records on 16 July 2007.

## Reception

Reviewing the album for The Guardian, Robin Denselow said that Ashley "has continued to develop as a thoughtful songwriter and social commentator. On his new set, the gentle, sturdy melodies are matched with a rare blend of emotion and anger".
Pete Cann, writing in The Oxford Times, described the album as "a journey through Blair's Britain...a commentary on the despair of Blair's legacy". The "outstanding track" said Cann, is Ashley's "moving tribute to his grandfather, a railwayman and union organiser, Down the Line. The tune is traditional and the words heartfelt".

## Track listing

* The North West Wind 5:37
* Still Waiting 3:55
* The Birds of the Country 1:41
* Lands End 4:08
* The Drowning Cell 4:41
* Friend of the Rivers 2:16
* Ships of Shame 3:36
* Down The Line 6:01
* A Time-Honoured Way 2:35
* The Vintners 0:39
* Pub Carpets 1:39
* The Refugees 4:08
* This Old English Town 3:38
* A Better Day 3:28
* Best Wishes 2:41

## Personnel

* Steve Ashley – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica, bells, whistle, drum
* Sarah Bushnell – viola
* Dik Cadbury – backing vocals, electric bass, keyboards, percussion
* Lesley Jackson – violin
* Chris Leslie – fiddle, mandolin
* Susannah Mahler – violin
* Paul Manning – piano accordion
* Simon Nicol – electric guitar
* Dave Pegg – acoustic bass, mandolin
* Tommy Scott – drums, keyboard, piano
* Geoff Short – violin
* Steve Trigg – trumpet
* Ness Whiffin – violin
* Lesley Willcocks – cello
* Robin Williamson – harp
* John Wilshaw – hurdy gurdy
# Odontocera villosa

Odontocera villosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Petar Kasom

Petar Kasom (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Касом, born 21 December 1981) is a Montenegrin retired football striker.

## Club career

Born in Cetinje (SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia), Kasom started playing in the youth teams of Serbian giants FK Partizan where he spent eight years. In 2002, after playing two seasons on loan with Partizan's satellite club FK Teleoptik, he signed with FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor. He played the second half of the 2003–04 season on loan at FK Bečej. In 2006, he moved to another Serbian top flight club FK Smederevo where he would stay until summer 2008, with the exception the half season he spent in Cyprus playing with the Cypriot First Division side AEP Paphos in the second half of the 2006–07 season. In 2009, he joined Montenegrin First League side OFK Grbalj where he played during the 2009–10 season.