OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Homer Hedge

Captain Homer Washington Hedge (September 29, 1863, Norwich, Connecticut – September 10, 1909) was a wealthy advertising executive in New York City. He helped to found both the Automobile Club of America (currently known as the American Automobile Association) and the Aero Club of America. He was an avid balloonist and competed in the sport of balloon racing.

## Biography

At the age of 25, in 1888, Hedge joined the First Signal Corp. of the National Guard in New York City. He worked out of their recruiting office until 1898. By the end of this period, he had risen to the rank of captain. He was referred to as "Captain" for the remainder of his life.
Hedge managed the Manhattan offices of Pettingill & Company, a large New York advertising agency. In April 1904, he purchased the New York offices, and it became the Homer W. Hedge Company. At the time, this was one of the largest advertising agencies in the U.S. Their customers included Equitable Life Insurance, the Electric Vehicle Company, and the Remington Arms Company.
On June 7, 1899, a group of gentlemen auto racers met at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan and founded the Automobile Club of America, an organization that became the American Automobile Association. At that meeting, Homer W. Hedge was elected secretary, a post he retained for one year.
In 1905, Hedge became Founder and first President of the Aero Club of America.
Hedge was the author of a book on ballooning, The American Aeronaut (1907).
# Horniulus

Horniulus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
* Horniulus andrewesi Jedlicka, 1932 (Taiwan)
* Horniulus quadrimaculatus Louwerens, 1953 (Indonesia)
# Lecithocera pogonikuma

Lecithocera pogonikuma is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Chun-Sheng Wu and Kyu-Tek Park in 1999. It is found in Sri Lanka.
The wingspan is about 8 mm.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from Greek pogon (meaning beard).
# Lee Carlson

Lee Carlson (born February 21, 1958) is an American writer best known for his memoir, Passage to Nirvana, about surviving traumatic brain injury. Prior to publishing Passage to Nirvana he was a magazine and newspaper journalist specializing in writing about outdoor adventure sports such as skiing and scuba diving. He was senior travel editor for Skiing magazine, and has worked for media outlets such as Outside magazine, Newsday, NBC Sports, ESPN and many others.

## Background

Carlson grew up in Buffalo, New York, where he attended the Nichols School. According to his memoir, he had an upper middle class upbringing, and was an athletic child, participating in sports that included skiing, sailing, lacrosse, and others, which led to his career as an outdoor travel/sportswriter.
He attended Skidmore College, where he was a student of Clark Blaise, the writing teacher and short-story writer who was Bernard Malamud's main pupil, and also roommates and good friends with Raymond Carver at the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa. Blaise was the director of the International Writing Program there. Carlson was a painting major and heavily involved in theater at Skidmore, but credits Blaise with his becoming a professional writer. His other major influence and mentor is Peter Matthiessen, with whom Carlson has studied for many years as a Zen Buddhism student.
After college, Carlson worked briefly as a private yacht captain, and then moved to New York to pursue his writing career. He held a number of writer/editor positions at small trade magazines, including editor-in-chief of a low-temperature physics magazine. Eventually he secured a job covering two of his main interests, skiing and travel, when he became senior travel editor at Skiing magazine.
In 2002, several months after working for NBC at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Carlson was hit by a car and suffered a traumatic brain injury, leading to a year of full-time rehab and several years of recovery. After the accident, Carlson, being a lifelong sailor, decided to once again pursue one of his loves and work as a private yacht captain. He then, with his fiancée Meg, purchased and rebuilt a 25-year-old, 60-foot sailboat they renamed "Nirvana". The accident, aftermath and boat form the metaphorical journey to recovery detailed in his book.
Carlson lives in Greenport, New York, aboard "Nirvana". Carlson holds a 100-ton US Coast Guard captain's license
# Lee Park

Lee Park may refer to:
* Lee State Park, state park at Lee County, South Carolina, United States
* Market Street Park, formerly Lee Park, a park at Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
* Horn Park, Royal Borough of Greenwich, United Kingdom, also historically known as Lee Park
# Honțiș

The Honțiș is a right tributary of the river Sighișoara in Romania. It flows into the Sighișoara in Honțișor. Its length is 14 km (8.7 mi) and its basin size is 28 km$^2$ (11 sq mi).
# Leedom Estates, Pennsylvania

Leedom Estates is a small unincorporated community in Ridley Township, Pennsylvania, founded in 1867. It sits alongside Interstate 95 south of Philadelphia in Delaware County.
# Hooleya (planthopper)

Hooleya is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Achilidae.
Species:
# Horsehay Sand Formation

The Horsehay Sand Formation is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian stages of the Middle Jurassic, the lithology consists of weakly cemented sand and sandstone, with thin interbeds of mudstone and siltstone. Rootlets and lignitic debris are common. It is the lateral equivalent of the Chipping Norton Limestone and the lower part of the Rutland Formation
# Leedri

Leedri is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Lääne-Saare Parish.
# Horizontal resistance

In genetics, the term horizontal resistance was first used by J. E. Vanderplank to describe many-gene resistance, which is sometimes also called generalized resistance. This contrasts with the term vertical resistance which was used to describe single-gene resistance. Raoul A. Robinson further refined the definition of horizontal resistance. Unlike vertical resistance and parasitic ability, horizontal resistance and horizontal parasitic ability are entirely independent of each other in genetic terms.
In the first round of breeding for horizontal resistance, plants are exposed to pathogens and selected for partial resistance. Those with no resistance die, and plants unaffected by the pathogen have vertical resistance and are removed. The remaining plants have partial resistance and their seed is stored and bred back up to sufficient volume for further testing. The hope is that in these remaining plants are multiple types of partial-resistance genes, and by crossbreeding this pool back on itself, multiple partial resistance genes will come together and provide resistance to a larger variety of pathogens.
Successive rounds of breeding for horizontal resistance proceed in a more traditional fashion, selecting plants for disease resistance as measured by yield. These plants are exposed to native regional pathogens, and given minimal assistance in fighting them.
# Hosmer, British Columbia

Hosmer is a small Village near Fernie, and Sparwood, British Columbia, Canada. It is situated near Mount Hosmer.
Hosmer was named after Charles R. Hosmer, railway official.

## Local media
### Newspapers

* Fernie Free Press - weekly paper
* Kootenay News Advertiser - weekly paper
* The Valley - weekly paper
* Fernie Fix - monthly glossy magazine

### Radio stations

* 99.1 FM - CJDR, a rebroadcaster of CHDR-FM, Rock
* 92.7 FM - CFBZ, a rebroadcaster of CHBZ-FM, Country
* 97.7 FM - CBTN, a rebroadcaster of CBTK-FM, CBC

### Cable Television Stations

* Channel 10: Shaw TV
* Channel 5: CFCN, CTV
* Channel 13: CBUT, CBC
# Lemyra jeremyi

Lemyra jeremyi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Thomas in 1990. It is found on Sulawesi.
# Hot 93.2 FM

PM2FAW (93.2 FM), broadcasts as Hot 93.2 FM or Hot FM, is a radio station in Jakarta, Indonesia. It broadcasts dangdut music, along with a few Melayu pop songs.

## History

Before 93.2 FM was acquired by Mahaka, it was occupied by MD Radio. MD Radio was the successor of Suara Kejayaan (SK/Sentra Komedi) that was forced to move from 101.6 FM to 93.2 FM at that time.
MD Radio broadcast in contemporary hit radio format like Gen 98.7 FM. MD Radio ceased broadcast in April 2014 and reported to be leased. But MD Radio kept playing non-stop music until early 2016. Mahaka started test broadcast of Hot FM in September 2016, using "Radio 93.2 FM" or "93.2 FM" branding. Dangdut music starts playing at that time, until today. In October, some DJs were reported to fill on-air slots.
# Lemyra kuangtungensis

Lemyra kuangtungensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Franz Daniel in 1954. It is found in China (Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan).
# Lemyra melanochroa

Lemyra melanochroa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in southern India (Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris).
# Horsfieldia montana

Horsfieldia montana is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.
# Leonard Schwartz

Leonard Schwartz may refer to:
* Leonard Schwartz (poet)
* Leonard Schwartz (tennis)
# Horsley (surname)

Horsley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alec Horsley of Hull, founder of Northern Foods
* Beresford Horsley (1880–1923), English cricketer and businessman
* Charles Edward Horsley (1822–1876), English composer
* Cuthbert Horsley, English MP in the sixteenth century
* David Horsley (1873–1933), Anglo-American pioneer of the motion picture industry
* George Horsley (1836–1895), English ship owner, alderman and mayor of Hartlepool
* Jean Horsley (1913–1997), New Zealand artist
* John Horsley (disambiguation), multiple people
* Lee Horsley, (born 1955), American actor
* Matt Horsley (born 1972), Australian footballer
* Matthew Henry Horsley (1867-1925), English timber merchant, ship owner, mayor of Hartlepool and philatelist
* Neal Horsley (1944–2015), American political figure of the far right
* Sir Peter Horsley (1921–2001), Air Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Equerry to the Duke of Edinburgh and Ufologist
* Richard A. Horsley (born 1939), American theologist and philologist
* Ron Horsley (born 1977), American author and artist
* Rupert Horsley (1905-1988), English First Class Cricketer
* Samuel Horsley (1733–1806), British churchman and bishop of Rochester
* Sebastian Horsley (1962–2010), English writer and artist
* Valerie Horsley, American developmental biologist
* Victor Horsley (1857–1916), English neurosurgeon and scientist
* William Horsley (1774–1858), English organist and composer
# Leonard Crossland

Sir Leonard Crossland (2 March 1914 – 5 August 1999) was an English automobile executive who filled a succession of increasingly high level appointments with Ford of Britain, culminating with the chairmanship which he held between 1968 and 1972.
Born in Yorkshire and having attended Penistone Grammar School, Crossland joined Ford in 1937 and worked in the purchasing function until 1939 before leaving to join the British Royal Army Service Corps between 1939 and 1945: these were, for Britain, the years of the Second World War. Following a series of promotions his appointment as Managing Director, in succession to Stanley Gillen, was announced in June 1967. In May 1968, on the official retirement of Sir Patrick Hennessy, Crossland was elected to the Chairmanship. After his Ford chairmanship, he acquired several subsequent directorships in the auto-sector.
Crossland married in 1941 to Rhona Marjorie Griffin. The marriage produced two recorded daughters. He was also married to Joan Brewer who was the sister of Beryl Gilliat married to the writer and film director Sidney Gilliat, and therefore related to Amanda Eliasch and Toby Brown.
He died in Great Wigborough, Essex on 5 August 1999 at the age of 85 and was buried in the churchyard of St Stephen.
# Hot air (economics)

Hot air in economics refers to the Assigned Amount Units (AAU) credits given for the reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions among the former Soviet Bloc countries since 1990.
The fall of the Soviet Union led to massive restructuring and deindustrialization of many of the former Soviet Bloc. When the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated, there were several mechanisms that allowed for trading of emissions credits. These included credits produced under the Joint Initiative (JI) provision: Emission Reduction Unit credits; the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Certified Emission Reduction credits; and Assigned Amount Units (AAU) now also widely known as Hot Air in the post Soviet context. These were given to Russia as an incentive to sign the treaty. Critical climate change experts decry these credits as a way for countries to buy their way out of taking action to address climate change.
# Len Velander

Gusta Rune Lennart Velander (August 24, 1920 – March 13, 2014) was an American football coach and mechanical engineer. He served as the co-head football coach with Luther Gronseth at Augsburg College in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1945, compiling 0–3. Velander died on March 13, 2014.
# House of the Federation

House of the Federation may refer to:
* House of Federation, the upper house of parliament in Ethiopia
* Federation Council (Russia), the upper house of parliament in Russia
* House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the lower house of parliament in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Senate of Pakistan, the upper legislative chamber in Pakistan
# Leonardo (journal)

Leonardo is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the MIT Press covering the application of contemporary science and technology to the arts and music.

## History

The journal, Leonardo, was established in 1968 by artist and scientist Frank Malina in Paris, France. Since 1968, Leonardo has published writings by artists who work with science- and technology-based art media. Journal operations were moved to the San Francisco Bay Area by Frank's son Roger Malina, an astronomer and space scientist, who took over operations of the journal upon Frank Malina's death in 1981. In 1982, the International Society for the Arts Sciences and Technology (Leonardo/ISAST) was founded to further the aims of Leonardo by providing avenues of communication for artists working in contemporary media. The society also publishes Leonardo Music Journal, the Leonardo Electronic Almanac, Leonardo Reviews, and the Leonardo Book Series. All publications are produced in collaboration with the MIT Press.
Other activities of the organization include an awards program and participation in annual conferences and symposiums such as the Space and the Arts Workshop and the annual College Art Association conference. Leonardo has a sister organization in France, the Association Leonardo, that publishes the Observatoire Leonardo website. While encouraging the innovative presentation of technology-based arts, the society also functions as an international meeting place for artists, educators, students, scientists, and others interested in the use of new media in contemporary artistic expression.
The aims of the organization include the documentation of personal and innovative technologies developed by artists, similar to the way in which findings of scientists are documented in journal publications.
An example of scientific and technical studies interacting with those of art is the publication in Leonardo of the realization of significant historical precedence in physics being demonstrated among the pages of notes by Leonardo that went unnoticed until a physicist examined pages that traditionally have been the subject of review regarding his art. The physicist recognized that sketches by Leonardo in the margins documented experiments he conducted that explained gravity and explored its dynamics much earlier than those credited with the discoveries related to it, and his insight into the significance of Leonardo's graphic details of his experiment was published in the journal in 2023.
# Hovden

Hovden is used for many place names and surnames in Norway. One meaning of the name comes from the Old Norse word for head (hovud), which refers to a steep, overhanging mountain or cliff in the vicinity (when used as a place name). The second meaning is derived from the Norse word for sacrificial site (hov).
Hovden may refer to:

## Places
### Norway

* Hovden, Agder, a village in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county
* Hovden, Kinn, an island in the municipality of Kinn in Vestland county
* Hovden, Nordland, a fishing village in the municipality of Bø in Nordland county

## People

* Anders Hovden, a Norwegian hymn writer, priest, author, and popular speaker
* Knut Hovden, owner of Hovden (sardine) Cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California (USA) 1916-1973 (now the world-famous Monterey Bay Aquarium)
* Magne Hovden, a Norwegian writer

## Other

* Hovden Chapel, now called Fjellgardane Church, a church in Hovden in Bykle municipality in Aust-Agder, Norway
* Hovden Cannery, a sardine cannery in Monterey, California (USA) that was in operation from 1916 to 1973 (now the world-famous Monterey Bay Aquarium)
* Ørsta–Volda Airport, Hovden, an airport in the municipality of Ørsta, Møre og Romsdal, Norway
# Howard Hunter

Howard Hunter may refer to:
* Howard J. Hunter Jr. (1946–2007), member of the United States House of Representatives
* Howard J. Hunter III, member of the North Carolina General Assembly
* Howard W. Hunter (1907–1995), fourteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Lt. Howard Hunter, character in Hill Street Blues
* Howard Hunter, law professor and president of Singapore Management University, 2004–2010
# Leonard Harbin

Leonard Harbin (30 April 1915 – 19 May 2013) was an English cricketer. Born in Trinidad, in the West Indies, he played for Gloucestershire between 1948 and 1951.
# Hsin-an

Hsin-an may refer to:
* Xin'an County
* Bao'an County, Guangdong
# Hugh MacLeod

Hugh MacLeod or McLeod may refer to:
* Hugh McLeod (politician) (1843–1879), Scottish-born lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia
* Hugh MacLeod (politician) (1882–1955), Australian politician
* Hugh McLeod (rugby union) (1932–2014), Scottish rugby player
* Hugh McLeod (footballer) (1907–1929), Scottish amateur footballer
* Hugh Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod (born 1973), British filmmaker and 30th Chief of Clan MacLeod
* Hugh MacLeod (minister) (1730–1809), joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
* Hugh McLeod (Canadian minister) (1803–1894), Scottish-born Presbyterian minister
# Hugh MacNeil

Hugh MacNeil (26 October 1860 – 14 September 1924) was a New Zealand cricketer, golfer and businessman.

## Life and business career

Hugh MacNeil was born at Glasgow in 1860, his parents' second son. The family migrated to Dunedin in New Zealand in 1865. He was educated at Otago Boys' High School and Christ's College, Christchurch.
His father, also Hugh MacNeil, founded the retail company Briscoe and Co. Young Hugh spent his working career with the company, eventually becoming the governing director for Australia and New Zealand. He married Ellie Rutherford in Sydney in November 1884.

## Cricket career

MacNeil played eight first-class matches for Otago between the 1877–78 and 1893–94 seasons. He made his highest score in the match against Canterbury in 1882–83, when he top-scored in each innings for Otago with 58 and 24, as well as taking four wickets. Otago nevertheless lost by four runs. He took his best first-class bowling figures of 6 for 25 to dismiss the visiting Tasmanians for 40 in 1883–84 and set up Otago's victory.
MacNeil achieved his greatest performances in two non-first-class matches against touring Australian teams, when Otago fielded 22 players against the Australians' 11. Against the 1877–78 Australians, when he was 17 years old, he made the highest score on either side with 28 in a low-scoring draw. He repeated the feat in 1880-81, this time with 44 in the second innings, and also took 5 for 28 with the ball in the Australians' first innings. This time the Australians won, by 44 runs. For making the highest score in the match he received a trophy valued at ten guineas.

## Golf career

MacNeil won the New Zealand Amateur golf championship in 1894 and was runner-up in 1896 and 1900. After moving to Australia he won the New South Wales Amateur Championship in 1898 and 1899. In 1902 he won the Australian Amateur championship. The 1902 Victorian Amateur Championship was played concurrently with the Australian Amateur, so that he also became the Victorian Amateur Champion. He represented New South Wales in the Australian Men's Interstate Teams Matches in 1904, 1905 and 1908. He was a life member of Royal Sydney Golf Club.

## Death

After suffering from bronchial ailments for some time, MacNeil took a trip to Queensland in the hope the climate would help him recuperate, but he died in Townsville at the age of 63. He had been retired for several years.
He and his wife had two daughters and two sons.
# Lerchi

Lerchi is a frazione of the comune of Città di Castello in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 293 meters above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it counted 508 inhabitants.
# Hugo Linna

Hugo Immanuel Linna (14 September 1873 – 4 February 1921; original surname Castrén) was a Finnish agronomist and politician, born in Hyrynsalmi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1917 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 9 December 1918 and the National Progressive Party after that.
# Human medical experiments in the United States

Human medical experiments in the United States:
* In general, see human subjects research
* Nonconsensual, see unethical human experimentation in the United States.
# Lepidophyma tuxtlae

Lepidophyma tuxtlae, the Tuxtla tropical night lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Xantusiidae. It is a small lizard found in Mexico. It is native to the Sierra de los Tuxtlas in coastal Veracruz and south and west into northern Oaxaca, southern Veracruz, and northern Chiapas. It is found from 150 to 1,500 meters elevation.
# Human lung microvascular endothelial cell

Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) are cells derived from the pulmonary endothelium. HLMVECs are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of the pulmonary endothelium to research conditions such as ARDS HLMVECs are used due to their simple techniques for isolating them from adult lungs and their ability to easily proliferate in a laboratory setting. When fully confluent they exhibit a cobblestone phenotype just as they do when lining vessel walls.
# Lester Frankel

Lester Robert Frankel (1913 – February 11, 2006) was a prominent American survey statistician. He studied under Harold Hotelling, receiving a master's degree from Columbia University in 1936, and in 1953 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. He served as the 70th president of the American Statistical Association in 1975. He was also president of the Market Research Council, and received awards for distinguished service from that organization and the American Association for Public Opinion Research.
Frankel helped develop one of the first unemployment measures and conduct one of the first federal surveys of unemployment (1940). After this was taken over by the U.S. Census Bureau, it became known as the Current Population Survey. Frankel served in the navy from 1944 to 1946. He later worked for Dun & Bradstreet, Alfred Politz Research, and Audits & Surveys Worldwide.
He died after a stroke at the age of 92.
# Huitán

Huitán (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Quetzaltenango department of Guatemala, situated on 16 km$^2$ at 2600 m altitude, North-West from Quetzaltenango.