OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Viennot's geometric construction

In mathematics, Viennot's geometric construction (named after Xavier Gérard Viennot) gives a diagrammatic interpretation of the Robinson–Schensted correspondence in terms of shadow lines. It has a generalization to the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence, which is known as the matrix-ball construction.

## The construction

Starting with a permutation $\sigma \in S_{n}$, written in two-line notation, say:
    $\sigma ={\begin{pmatrix}1&2&\cdots &n\\\sigma _{1}&\sigma _{2}&\cdots &\sigma _{n}\end{pmatrix}},$
one can apply the Robinson–Schensted correspondence to this permutation, yielding two standard Young tableaux of the same shape, P and Q. P is obtained by performing a sequence of insertions, and Q is the recording tableau, indicating in which order the boxes were filled.
Viennot's construction starts by plotting the points $(i,\sigma _{i})$ in the plane, and imagining there is a light that shines from the origin, casting shadows straight up and to the right. This allows consideration of the points which are not shadowed by any other point; the boundary of their shadows then forms the first shadow line. Removing these points and repeating the procedure, one obtains all the shadow lines for this permutation. Viennot's insight is then that these shadow lines read off the first rows of P and Q (in fact, even more than that; these shadow lines form a "timeline", indicating which elements formed the first rows of P and Q after the successive insertions). One can then repeat the construction, using as new points the previous unlabelled corners, which allows to read off the other rows of P and Q.

## Animation

For example consider the permutation
    $\sigma ={\begin{pmatrix}1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8\\3&8&1&2&4&7&5&6\end{pmatrix}}.$
Then Viennot's construction goes as follows:

## Applications

One can use Viennot's geometric construction to prove that if $\sigma$ corresponds to the pair of tableaux P,Q under the Robinson–Schensted correspondence, then $\sigma ^{-1}$ corresponds to the switched pair Q,P. Indeed, taking $\sigma$ to $\sigma ^{-1}$ reflects Viennot's construction in the $y=x$-axis, and this precisely switches the roles of P and Q.
# Victor Glover

Victor Glover may refer to:
* Horace Glover (1883–1967), also known by middle name Victor, English footballer
* Victor J. Glover (born 1976), NASA astronaut
* Sir Victor Glover (judge) (1932–2020), Chief Judge, Mauritius
# Victor Goertzel

Victor Goertzel (July 22, 1914 – May 23, 1999) was an American psychologist, author, and activist who stood up for Japanese internees in the United States during World War II. He wrote the book Cradles of Eminence in 1962 with his wife Mildred about the childhoods of accomplished people. Ted Goertzel is their son. He was a civil libertarian.
Goertzel was born in Chicago and moved with his family to New York City. He was expelled from high school for expressing support for the U.S.S.R. Goertzel graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a degree in psychology in 1938. He received a doctorate in clinical psychology in 1953. Victor and Mildred Goertzel contributed to Ted and Ben Goertzel's book on Linus Pauling.
# Viisuküla

Viisuküla is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County in Estonia.
# Videle

Videle (Romanian pronunciation:) is a town in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 10,107 in 2021. It was upgraded to town status in 1968 by incorporation of a few villages nearby. Today, Coșoaia is the single associated village the town administers.

## Geography

The town is situated on the Wallachian Plain, on the banks of the river Glavacioc and its left tributary, the Milcovăț. It lies in the northeastern part of Teleorman County, on the border with Giurgiu County.

## Transportation

Videle is located 49 km (30 mi) northeast of the county seat, Alexandria and 66 km (41 mi) west of Bucharest. It is crossed by county roads DJ503 and DJ601.
The town is of some importance as a railway junction, for the railway track heading south to Giurgiu and Bulgaria leaves the main Wallachian East-West-railway from Bucharest to Craiova.

## Economy

The Videle oil field is located on the administrative territory of the town.

## Natives

* Valentin Costache (b. 1998), footballer
* Răzvan Ducan (b. 2001), footballer
# Israzorides

Israzorides is a genus of spiders in the family Miturgidae. It was first described in 2003 by Levy. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Israzorides judaeus, from Israel.
# Stephen Cassan

Stephen Cassan may refer to:
* Stephen Hyde Cassan (1789–1841), English Anglican priest and ecclesiastical biographer
* Stephen Cassan (barrister) (1758–1794), Irish barrister in Calcutta
# Luke Johnson (game designer)

Luke Johnson is an American game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.

## Career

Luke Johnson designed Temple of Blood (2007), the first adventure in the "Wicked Fantasy Factory" series of adventures from Goodman Games; Temple of Blood was one of the company's three offerings at the inaugural Free RPG Day.
His D&D design work includes Player's Guide to Eberron (2006), Player's Handbook II (2006), Monster Manual V (2007), Eberron Player's Guide (2009), and The Plane Below (2009).
# Coney Island (disambiguation)

Coney Island is a neighborhood, visitor attraction, and former island in Brooklyn, New York.
Coney Island may also refer to:

## Places
### Bermuda

* Coney Island, Bermuda, an island in St. George's Parish

### Northern Ireland

* Coney Island, Lough Neagh, an island in County Armagh
* Coney Island, County Down, a townland and peninsula in County Down
* Coney Island, County Fermanagh or Inish Rath, an island and townland in County Fermanagh
* Coney Island, County Londonderry, a townland in County Londonderry

### Republic of Ireland

* Coney Island, County Sligo or Inishmulclohy, an island and townland in County Sligo
* Coney Island, County Clare, an island and townland in County Clare
* Coney Island, County Cork, a townland in County Cork
* Coney Island, County Donegal, a townland in County Donegal

### Singapore

* Coney Island, Singapore or Pulau Serangoon, an island off the coast of Punggol in Singapore
** Coney Island Park, a park on that island

### United States

* related to main meaning Coney Island visitor attraction, and former island in Brooklyn, New York.
** Coney Island Avenue, a roadway from central Brooklyn to Coney Island in New York City
** Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway), a New York City Subway station
* Coney Island, Minnesota, an unincorporated community
* Coney Island, Missouri, a village
* Coney Island (Cincinnati, Ohio), an amusement park
* Coney Island (West Virginia), an island

### Other geographical uses

* Coney Island (restaurant), a distinctive Detroit-centered type of restaurant that serves Coney hot dogs

## Film

* Coney Island (1917 film), a silent comedy film starring Fatty Arbuckle and Buster Keaton
* Coney Island (1928 film), a film by Ralph Ince starring Lois Wilson, Lucille Mendez and Eugene Strong
* Coney Island (1943 film), a musical film starring Betty Grable
* Coney Island (1991 film), a documentary film about the island

## Music

* Coney Island (album), a 1975 album by Herb Alpert and The T.J.B.
* "Coney Island" (Van Morrison song), a 1989 spoken-word piece by Van Morrison
* "Coney Island", a 2001 song by Death Cab for Cutie from The Photo Album
* "Coney Island", a 2010 song by the Coral from Butterfly House
* "Coney Island" (Taylor Swift song), a 2020 song by Taylor Swift featuring the National from Evermore
# Love and Kisses (TV series)

Love and Kisses was a black-and-white British sitcom that aired on ITV in 1955. It was written by Glenn Melvyn, who also starred in it. It was made for the ITV network by Associated-Rediffusion and was a spin-off series from the film The Love Match (1955) which was also written by and starred Glenn Melvyn.

## Cast

* Arthur Askey - Bill Brown
* Lally Bowers - Sal Brown
* Anthea Askey - Rose Brown
* Ian Gardiner - Percy Brown
* Glenn Melvyn - Wally Binns
* Barbara Miller - Emma Binns
* Danny Ross - Alf Hall
* Bernard Graham - Terence Steel
* Leonard Williams - Mr Seymour
* Margaret Anderson - Pam

## Plot

Bill Brown is a former engine driver who is now a landlord. His wife is Sal and he has two children, Rose and Percy. His regulars are Alf Hall, a milkman, and Wally Binns, who has a stammer.
Askey himself appears at the beginning and end of each episode.

## Episodes

* Episode One (4 November 1955)
* Episode Two (11 November 1955)
* Episode Three (18 November 1955)
* Episode Four (25 November 1955)
* Episode Five (2 December 1955)
The last two episodes are still missing from ITV's archive, but the other three remain intact, despite the age of the show (most shows from ITV's older rival, the BBC, from this era are lost and likely always will be).

## Composite edition

The whole series was cut down for one 2 hour programme, and screened in the North of England on 23 December 1956 by ABC.
# DSCR

DSCR may refer to:
* Daylesford Spa Country Railway, a heritage railway in Victoria, Australia
* Debt service coverage ratio
* Defense Supply Center, Richmond
# Rumely Building

The Rumely Building is a heritage building located at 244–226 Pacific Avenue in the Central Business District of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Formerly serving as a warehouse for the Rumely Company, the building has been converted into residential condominium lofts with commercial units located on the ground floor.

## History

The M. Rumely Company (a manufacturer of heavy farm equipment) in April 1912 started work on the construction of a new showroom/office/warehouse building on a railway spur line in the downtown area of Saskatoon. The 12-by-25-foot (3.7 by 7.6 m) elevator and 9-inch (230 mm) thick floor permitted heavy equipment to be stored on the upper floors.
In 2007, work started on five store additions on the south side of the building and conversion of the building into 30 condominium lofts.
# Vignone

Vignone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Turin and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,150 and an area of 3.5 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi).
Vignone borders the following municipalities: Arizzano, Bee, Cambiasca, Caprezzo, Intragna, Premeno, Verbania.
# Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce

The Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce is a private, membership-based organization that represents economic development and the economic interests of its corporate members in the metro region of Seattle, Washington. Its members include most of the largest companies based in Seattle or have a significant presence there.
The Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce was founded on April 17, 1882 by 26 businessmen looking to capture a lucrative mail route to Alaska. Today, the Chamber is the largest network of influential businesses in the Puget Sound region. Members come from all industries, in all sizes, and from all over the Puget Sound region. The name of the organization was changed from Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce in September 2011.
The Seattle Metropolitan Chamber's central purpose is to create and protect a competitive advantage for businesses in Seattle and the region. These efforts fall under three major categories: business leadership, business advocacy and business development.
# Luparense F.C.

Luparense F.C. may refer to:
* Luparense F.C. (futsal), in San Martino di Lupari, Italy
* Luparense F.C. (football), an Italian association football and futsal club in San Martino di Lupari
* Luparense San Paolo F.C.
# Lutfun Nahar Lata

Lutfun Nahar Lata or Lota (a.k.a. Lata Nasiruddin) is a Bangladeshi actress and director, known for Ei Shob Din Ratri (1985), Eka Eka (1985), and Bohubrihi (1988). She started her acting career in the late 1980s, and after she took a long break from acting in 1997.

## Biography

She was born in Bangladesh. In 1997 she moved to New York City, and lives there. After the separation with Major Nasir Uddin she married Marc Weinberg, a Swiss American businessman in 2014. In 2017, she published a story book named Jibon O Juddher Collage. She was president of United States Bangabandhu Sangskritik Jote. She serves in the New York City Department of Education.

## Works
### Filmography
#### Films

* Ekattorer Lash (1998)

#### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 1985 | Eka Eka | Nishat | |
| 1985 | Ei Shob Din Ratri | Sharmin | |
| 1987 | Ditiyo Jonmo | Sharmin | |
| 1988 | Shoikote Sharosh | Zebin | |
| 1988 | Bohubrihi | Mili |
| 1997 | Ghatona Samanno | Rumki | credited as Lata Nasiruddin |

##### As director

* Tumi Ashbe Bole (2016)

### Books

* Jibon O Juddher College (2017)
# Ludwig Julius Budge

Ludwig Julius Budge (11 September 1811, in Wetzlar – 14 July 1888, in Greifswald) was a German physiologist.
He studied medicine at the Universities of Marburg, Berlin and Würzburg, and following graduation worked as a general practitioner in Wetzlar and Altenkirchen. In 1843 he was privat-docent to the medical faculty at Bonn, where he became an associate professor in 1847. In 1856 he was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Greifswald.
He is known for his anatomical and physiological investigations of the autonomic nervous system, discovering that sympathetic nerve stimulation brings about pupillary dilatation and that oculomotor nerve stimulus produces constriction. With neurophysiologist Augustus Volney Waller, he was awarded the Prix Montyon by the French Académie des Sciences for research in identifying the segments of spinal cord that control operation of the ciliary muscles. The eponymous "Budge's center" is a synonym for the ciliospinal center. With Leonard Landois, he demonstrated the phenomena of cardiac arrest during electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve,.
Also, he is credited with providing a comprehensive description of the liver's bile capillaries, and for conducting significant research involving the construction and growth of muscle associated with bile ducts.

## Selected works

* Die Lehre vom Erbrechen: Nach Erfahrungen und Versuchen, 1840 - The doctrine of vomiting: by experience and experimentation.
* Allgemeine Pathologie Als Erfahrungswissenschaft Basirt Auf Physiologie, 1845 - General pathology as an empirical science based on physiology.
* Neue Untersuchungen über das Nervensystem (with Augustus Volney Waller), 1851 - New studies of the nervous system.
* Über die Bewegung der Iris, 1855 - On movement involving the iris.
* Specielle Physiologie des Menschen: ein Leitfaden für Vorlesungen und zum Selbststudium, 1856 - Specialized human physiology: a guide for lectures and self-study.
# Scott T. Ford

Scott T. Ford was president and chief executive officer of Alltel from 2002 to 2009.

## Life

A graduate of the University of Arkansas, Ford worked for Merrill Lynch and Stephens Inc. In 1996 he joined Alltel as executive vice president with responsibility for Alltel's communications businesses and the corporate staff. He was named president in 1997, assumed the additional duties of chief operating officer in 1998, and was named chief executive officer in 2002. After selling Alltel to Verizon for $28 billion in 2007, Ford joined the advisory council of Rwandan President Paul Kagame.
Alltel was the fifth largest U.S. wireless provider. Ford was a director of the Little Rock Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and on the board of directors for Tyson Foods, Inc., and the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association (CTIA). In 2007, he received an honorary doctorate from The King's College. In 2009, he was named to The King's College's board of trustees.
In June, 2012 Ford joined AT&T's board of directors.
Scott and his father Joe T. Ford formed Westrock Group, which maintains and operates businesses in alternative investment management and coffee, including exporting, trading, roasting, and hospitality.
# Lusakawest Secondary School

Lusaka West Secondary School was established in 2000, under the Republic of Zambia education Act.
The school opened its doors on 15 January 2007 with nine students. By the end of the year the number had grown to more than 60. The school has a capacity of 300 students.

## Accreditation

The school offers Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ) syllabus as well as IGCSE Cambridge examinations. It is accredited as an Examination Centre for the Local Examinations as well as Cambridge(External) Examinations.

## Fraternity

The school has 200 students, 21 teaching staff and over 30 support staff.

## Curriculum
### Grade 8 to 9

The junior Secondary pupils follow the Examination Council of Zambia(ECZ) syllabus. Subjects offered are; English, Mathematics, Environmental Science, Geography, History, Civics, Office Practice, Religious Education, French and Computers.
# Secret Belgian binding

The Secret Belgian Binding is a method of bookbinding that uses a primary and a secondary sewing, resulting in a distinct thread pattern on the cover and spine of the finished book. The primary sewing is used to create the textblock. The secondary sewing is used to bind the textblock to the cover boards.

## History

This binding was invented in the mid-1980s by Anne Goy, a Belgian bookbinder. She was looking for a Western version of the traditional Japanese stab binding techniques. She wanted a book that would open flat but with the appearance of the stab sewing. Anne Goy calls this binding the "crisscross binding".

## Methods and materials

The book cover is made using three separate pieces: front cover, back cover, and spine piece. The covers are attached by sewing through holes on the cover boards and passing over and under the spine piece. The previously sewn textblock is attached when the threads that pass under the spine piece also pass through the stitches on the spine of the textblock. The spine piece is held in place only by these threads passing over and under it. It creates a distinct thread pattern on the cover and it is a very sturdy binding that allows the book to open completely flat.
# Sea Cadet Association of New Zealand

The Sea Cadet Association of New Zealand traces its roots back to 1929 when the first open Sea Cadet unit was formed in Christchurch, by the Canterbury Navy League. Units formed in the four main centres and were controlled nationally by the Canterbury branch of the League. The Navy League continued to manage these open community Sea Cadet units even when they came under the control of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN).
Since then the New Zealand Sea Cadet Corps has come under the joint control of the government, represented by the RNZN and the community, represented by the Sea Cadet Association of New Zealand. Each of the three areas (Northern, Central and Southern) have their own SCANZ board and advisers from the Navy. The Sea Cadets also come under the ultimate control of the Commandant of Cadet Forces.
Sea Cadets in New Zealand have recently become more involved with their sister corps, the New Zealand Cadet Corps (Army Flavour) and the Air Training Corps (Air Force Flavour) and now run joint promotion courses held at Defence Force bases around the country. Only the annual Sailing Course and Sailing Regattas have remained Sea Cadet Only.
Each of the three areas have their own annual Sailing Regatta and every four years the entire country comes together for National Regatta. All 17 units come together to compete for the ribbon which will show that they are the number one unit in the country. This title currently belongs to TS Steadfast, Christchurch (winners of the 2010 National Regatta). TS Amokura, despite their unit burning down late 2005, competed in the Central Area Regatta 2006 and almost clean swept all the prizes.
# Lumachan railway station

Lumachan (Chinese: 鹿麻產車站; pinyin: Lùmáchǎn Chēzhàn) is a railway station on the Alishan Forest Railway line located in Zhuqi Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan.

## History

The station building was originally constructed in 1910 during the Japanese rule. The service stopped in November 1982 after the opening of Provincial Highway 18. As the tourism activities in the area started to grow in the 2000s, the station was restored in December 2004. The station master quarter was restored in April 2006.

## Architecture

The station is located 82 meters above sea level.

## Around the station

* Renyitan Dam
# Lycaena ottomanus

Lycaena ottomanus is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Turkey. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description from Seitz

Above very similar to virgaureae; the hindwing of the male with very short but distinct tails. The underside quite different, the hindwing bearing a row of cinnabar- red spots before the margin. In spring-specimens the ground-colour of the underside of the hindwing is plumbeous grey, being more yellowish in the individuals of the second brood. The former, moreover, bear frequently black dots on the upperside of the forewing. — On the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor, in May and June, locally so common that, e. g., Mann obtained near Brussa over 100 specimens in two hours.
* Lycaena ottomanus ♂
* Lycaena ottomanus ♂ △

## Sources

* ↑ Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)
* Van Swaay, C.A.M.; Warren, M.S. (2000). "Lycaena ottomana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000: e.T39486A10228760. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39486A10228760.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
* This Lycaeninae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lunar north pole

The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface.
The lunar North Pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value.

## Craters

Notable craters in the lunar north polar region (between 60° North latitude and the North pole) include: Avogadro, Bel'kovich, Brianchon, Emden, Gamow, Goldschmidt, Hermite, J. Herschel, Meton, Nansen, Pascal, Petermann, Philolaus, Plaskett, Pythagoras, Rozhdestvenskiy, Schwarzschild, Seares, Sommerfeld, Stebbins, Sylvester, Thales, Van't Hoff, W. Bond, and Whipple.

## Exploration

The Astrobotic Technology Icebreaker mission was a mission concept planned for a 2015 mission, then delayed to 2016, and then cancelled. It was meant as a competition to win the Google Lunar X Prize.
# Lunar limb

The lunar limb is the edge of the visible surface (disc) of the Moon as viewed from Earth. Seen from afar, it looks like a circular arc, but with higher resolution, it can be seen that the Moon’s surface is not flat and therefore its profile is irregular.
The lunar limb is not always the same: because of the libration of the Moon, i.e. small rotational movements as seen from Earth, its profile changes; this complicates the task of precisely calculating eclipse times and durations. However, with elevation data from the mapping of the lunar surface, a three-dimensional model including mountains and valleys can be created and the lunar profile for any given time predicted with a high degree of accuracy. The irregularity of the lunar limb is the cause of Baily's beads, which are collimated rays of sunlight that shine through in some places while not in others during a solar eclipse.
The contrast of the bright lunar disc against a black night sky makes the lunar limb a popular target when testing telescope optics (including binoculars).