OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frontlines (song)

"Frontlines" is a song by American nu metal band Nonpoint, released as the second single from their sixth studio album, Miracle. The song impacted alternative and active rock radio stations on August 10, 2010. Lead singer Elias Soriano said, "'Frontlines' is for our country's armed forces. They risk their lives every day to protect the rights, liberties and lives of people whose names they don't even know."
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Nonpoint would rework this song acoustically as "Remember Me (A Frontlines Tribute)" with a music video supporting healthcare workers and first responders on the front lines of the pandemic.

## Song meaning

"After hours of looking at photos online of soldiers, solely for the sake of a picture to be worked into the artwork of the release of "Frontlines" I was so moved and inspired by the commitment, not to mention the emotional and physical risk our soldiers take for strangers every day, that I had to create this as a reminder. We are blessed that we are protected by such strong hearts." - Elias Soriano

## Music video

The official music video premiered on MTV2 on September 23. In addition, Nonpoint's frontman, Elias Soriano, made a viral video and the band released it on their YouTube channel in August, a month and a half before the release of the official music video.
# Frontier–Paterson Border Crossing

The Frontier–Paterson Border Crossing connects the town of Northport, Washington with Rossland, British Columbia on the Canada–US border. It can be reached by Washington State Route 25 on the American side and British Columbia Highway 22 on the Canadian side.
This crossing is open 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.

## Canadian former name

By 1896, the border location may have been called Clark's Camp, but other sources place the camp south of the border. In December of that year, the Red Mountain branch of the Spokane Falls and Northern Railroad linked Rossland and Spokane. The border train station was called Sheep Creek, after the adjacent stream to the west, now called Little Sheep Creek. Opening in 1897 or 1898, the Canadian port of entry to serve the railway was known as Sheep Creek.

## Canadian rename

In 1900, Paterson became the border post name. Several Canadian ports of entry are named after the first permanent customs officer to serve at the location. Archibald (Archie) Neil Paterson assumed the role in January 1898 and became postmaster in September 1899. Archie was unsure if the change acknowledged him, William Paterson, Canada's Minister of Customs, or both. Some sources claim the name referred to Thomas Wilson Paterson, a Vancouver Island railway manager, and later lieutenant governor. The train station name change was in 1905. Canada currently operates out of a 1950s-era border station.

## US facility

The US built its first border station at Frontier in 1965, and replaced it with a new station in 2011. Prior to 1965, visitors entering from Canada at both this crossing and at the Boundary-Waneta border crossing were directed to proceed to the customs office in Northport, Washington, several miles away. Frontier was the name of the Washington post office that operated 1901–1912.
# Fu River (Jiangxi)

The Fu River, or Fuhe (Chinese: 抚河), is a river in China's Jiangxi province. Its basin occupies most of the Fuzhou prefecture of Jiangxi.
The Fu River has it origin on the northwestern slopes of the Wuyi Mountains, from where it flows in the general north-northwestern and northwestern direction. Via a network of smaller lakes and channels in Nanchang prefecture, the waters of the Fuhe eventually reach the Poyang Lake, to which it is one of the major tributaries, along with the Gan River (which flows from the south/southwest) and a number of smaller rivers coming from the east and west.
As the Poyang Lake drains into the Yangtze, the Fu River is part of the Yangtze Basin as well.
# Fruit bun

Fruit buns are a type of sweet roll made with fruit, fruit peel, spices and sometimes nuts. They are a tradition in Britain and former British colonies including Jamaica, Australia, Singapore and India. They are made with fruit and fruit peel and are similar to Bath buns, which are sprinkled and cooked with sugar nibs. One variety is a currant bun.
# Fulvalene

Fulvalene (bicyclopentadienylidene) is the member of the fulvalene family with the molecular formula C$_{10}$H$_8$. It is of theoretical interest as one of the simplest non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons. Fulvalene is an unstable isomer of the more common benzenoid aromatic compounds naphthalene and azulene. Fulvalene consists of two 5-membered rings, each with two double bonds, joined by yet a fifth double bond. It has D$_{2h}$ symmetry.

## History

An earlier attempt at synthesis of fulvalene in 1951 by Pauson and Kealy resulted in the accidental discovery of ferrocene. Its synthesis was first reported in 1958 by E. A. Matzner, working under William von Eggers Doering. In this method, the cyclopentadienyl anion is coupled with iodine to the dihydrofulvalene. Double deprotonation of the dihydrofulvalene with n-butyllithium gives the dilithio derivative, which is oxidized by oxygen. Fulvalene was spectroscopically observed at −196 °C (77 K) from photolysis of diazocyclopentadiene, which induces dimerization of cyclopentadiene-derived carbenes. The compound was isolated in 1986 and was found to be nonaromatic. Above −50 °C (223 K) it dimerizes by a Diels–Alder reaction.

## Derivatives

Perchlorofulvalene (C$_4$Cl$_4$C)$_2$ is quite stable in contrast to fulvalene itself.
# Function approximation

In general, a function approximation problem asks us to select a function among a well-defined class that closely matches ("approximates") a target function in a task-specific way. The need for function approximations arises in many branches of applied mathematics, and computer science in particular such as predicting the growth of microbes in microbiology. Function approximations are used where theoretical models are unavailable or hard to compute.
One can distinguish two major classes of function approximation problems:
First, for known target functions approximation theory is the branch of numerical analysis that investigates how certain known functions (for example, special functions) can be approximated by a specific class of functions (for example, polynomials or rational functions) that often have desirable properties (inexpensive computation, continuity, integral and limit values, etc.).
Second, the target function, call it g, may be unknown; instead of an explicit formula, only a set of points of the form (x, g(x)) is provided. Depending on the structure of the domain and codomain of g, several techniques for approximating g may be applicable. For example, if g is an operation on the real numbers, techniques of interpolation, extrapolation, regression analysis, and curve fitting can be used. If the codomain (range or target set) of g is a finite set, one is dealing with a classification problem instead.
To some extent, the different problems (regression, classification, fitness approximation) have received a unified treatment in statistical learning theory, where they are viewed as supervised learning problems.
# Function and Concept

"Function and Concept" (German: "Funktion und Begriff", "Function and Concept") is a lecture delivered by Gottlob Frege in 1891. The lecture involves a clarification of his earlier distinction between concepts and objects. It was first published as an article in 1962.

## Overview

In general, a concept is a function whose value is always a truth value (139). A relation is a two place function whose value is always a truth value (146).
Frege draws an important distinction between concepts on the basis of their level. Frege tells us that a first-level concept is a one-place function that correlates objects with truth-values (147). First level concepts have the value of true or false depending on whether the object falls under the concept. So, the concept $F$ has the value the True with the argument the object named by 'Jamie' if and only if Jamie falls under the concept $F$ (or is in the extension of F).
Second order concepts correlate concepts and relations with truth values. So, if we take the relation of identity to be the argument $f$, the concept expressed by the sentence:
$\forall x\forall yf(x,y)\rightarrow \forall z(f(x,z)\rightarrow y=z)$
correlates the relation of identity with the True.
The conceptual range (Begriffsumfang in Frege 1891, p. 16) follows the truth value of the function:
$x^{2}=1$ and $(x+1)^{2}=2(x+1)$ have the same conceptual range.

## Translations

* "On Function and Concept" in Michael Beaney, ed., The Frege Reader, Blackwell, 1997, pp. 130–148
# G. ehrenbergii

G. ehrenbergii may refer to:
* Galium ehrenbergii, a herbaceous plant
* Gliricidia ehrenbergii, an ornamental tree
# GMC AC 454

The GMC AC 454 is a truck model that the GMC manufactured from 1940 on.

## Technical data and history

The GMC AC 454 is a military truck build by the General Motors Company in the USA. It was used in World War II. The truck has a bridge construction. It has an onboard voltage of 12 volts. In the Swiss army the GMC AC 454 received the designation Lastw. Gl 3.5T 4x2 (off-road truck with 3.5t payload). The Swiss army used about 90 of these trucks. In 1971 a few GMC AC 454 were rebuilt by Pius Lang from the "Military-Motorfahrer-Gesellschaft des Kantons Zug" with Wood gas generator. The Wood gas generators were mounted on civilian trucks during the Second World War. Such a rebuilt GMC AC 454 is now located in the Zuger Depot Technikgeschichte (Zug depot of technical history).

## Pictures

* GMC AC 454 – Side
* GMC AC 454 – wood gas installation
* GMC AC 454 – wood gas installation, Detail
# GMCA

GMCA may refer to:
* German Mosquito Control Association in Speyer, Germany
* Greater Manchester Combined Authority in England
# GYY

GYY or gyy may refer to:
* GYY, the FAA LID code for Gary/Chicago International Airport, Indiana, United States
* gyy, the ISO 639-3 code for Gunya language, Australia
# GPG Mail

GPG Mail is a commercial extension for Apple Mail which comes as part of GPG Suite, a software collection that provides easy access to a collection of tools designed to secure your communications and encrypt files. GPG Mail provides public key email encryption and signing. It integrates with the default email client Apple Mail under macOS and the actual cryptographic functionality is handled by GNU Privacy Guard.
GPG Mail was first released on February 7, 2001, by Stéphane Corthésy. Since 2010 GPG Mail is maintained by GPGTools. While GNU Privacy Guard is free open-source software, use of GPG Mail requires purchase of a support plan.
On September 21, 2018, the developer introduced GPG Mail 3.0 as a part of GPG Suite 2018.4, a new software release that included support for macOS Mojave. In this release, the developer removed the free license option for GPG Mail. A lot of users that relied on automated upgrades were caught by surprise, which prompted a significant backlash from the community. While the licensing change was identified in the release notes for GPG Suite 2018.4, many believed that such a big change required more prominent notifications to avoid the perception of "bait and switch".
In August 2019 the default key server was switched to hagrid, a new verifying key server located at keys.openpgp.org. This improved the quality of search results for public keys and increased control for users over their public keys stored on the server.
On November 24, 2020, GPG Mail 5 was introduced, supporting macOS Mojave, macOS Catalina and macOS Big Sur.
# GPHS-RTG

GPHS-RTG or general-purpose heat source — radioisotope thermoelectric generator, is a specific design of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) used on US space missions. The GPHS-RTG was used on Ulysses (1), Galileo (2), Cassini-Huygens (3), and New Horizons (1).
The GPHS-RTG has an overall diameter of 0.422 m and a length of 1.14 m. Each GPHS-RTG has a mass of about 57 kg and generates about 300 watts of electrical power at the start of mission (5.2 We/kg), using about 8.1 kg of Pu-238 which produces about 4,400 watts of thermal power. The plutonium oxide fuel is in 18 GPHSs. Note that the GPHS are cuboid although they contain cylindrical plutonium based pellets.
The GPHS-RTG units used on spacecraft were not created by NASA. They were designed and built by General Electric Space Division (later part of Martin-Marietta, subsequently part of Lockheed Martin), in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. The generators were filled with plutonium by Department of Energy laboratories in Miamisburg, Ohio and Idaho Falls, Idaho.
After the Ulysses and Galileo RTGs were fueled, their launches were postponed by four and three years respectively. As a result, the missions were slightly adapted to utilize the lower power that would be available. The decay heat reduces by about 0.8% per year, so the thermoelectric converter 'ages' or degrades to some extent.
The thermoelectric elements convert the heat energy from the isotope into electricity. The GPHS-RTG use SiGe thermoelectric elements ('Unicouples') which are no longer in production. Missions after 2010 requiring RTGs, such as the Mars Science Laboratory, will use the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators instead.
* Ulysses, mission completed 2007 in heliocentric orbit (orbiting the Sun)
* Galileo, mission completed 2003 entry into planet Jupiter
* Cassini, mission completed 2017 entry into planet Saturn
* New Horizons, mission ongoing departing Solar System (escape trajectory)
# Gabi ng Parangal

Gabi ng Parangal (lit. 'Awards Night') may refer to the awarding ceremony of:
* Metro Manila Film Festival
* FAMAS Award
# Gabia, Gôh-Djiboua

Gabia is a village in south-central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Oumé, Oumé Department, Gôh Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.
Gabia was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Gabrielle Villiger

Gabrielle Villiger (born 7 June 1971) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. She played college tennis for Anderson College in South Carolina.
Villiger, the younger sister of Federation Cup player Isabelle, represented Switzerland in two ties herself in 1989. She teamed up with Céline Cohen to win a doubles rubber against Belgium and then featured in the opening singles rubber against Indonesia, which she lost to Suzanna Wibowo.

## ITF finals
### Singles: 1 (0–1)

| Outcome | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 6 November 1988 | Lenzerheide, Switzerland | Carpet | Kate McDonald | 2–6, 1–6 |
# Gaddi sheep

Gaddi is a breed of domesticated sheep found in India. They are one of eight different breeds of sheep found in the northern temperate area of India. The Gaddi is raised primarily for its wool.

## Characteristics

The Gaddi ram is horned while the ewes are found horned only 10 - 15% of the time. The tail is small and thin. The breed is considered medium-sized. The Gaddi ewe averages 56 cm at the withers and weighs on average 26.5 kg. Lambs at birth weigh 2.5 kg and there is no difference in average birth weight between rams or ewes. This breed is small in size. It is strong and a good climber. Ears are also short. Fleece is fine and can grow up to 5m length. Fleece is clipped three times a year (Feb, June and October). Fleece yield is 1–1.5kg/year. Wool is used for making shawls and blankets.
Generally, the breed is uncolored and white. Occasionally, the Gaddi can be found mixed tan, brown and black.
# Gagarinskaya metro station

Gagarinskaya metro station may refer to:
* Gagarinskaya (Novosibirsk Metro), a station of the Novosibirsk Metro, Novosibirsk, Russia
* Gagarinskaya (Samara Metro), a station of the Samara Metro, Samara, Russia
# Gagel (surname)

Gagel is a German habitational surname for a person from Gagel in the Altmark region of northern Saxony-Anhalt and may refer to:
# Gaby Stenberg

Ida Gabriella Stenberg (9 January 1923 – 20 September 2011) was a Swedish actress. She appeared in forty films between 1936 and 1994.

## Selected filmography

* Kiss Her! (1940)
* With Open Arms (1940)
* The Train Leaves at Nine (1941)
* Poor Ferdinand (1941)
* Dunungen (1941)
* Goransson's Boy (1941)
* The Green Lift (1944)
* Don't Give Up (1947)
* No Way Back (1947)
* Dinner for Two (1947)
* Thirst (1949)
* Hendes store aften (1954)
* Night Light (1957)
* Mother Takes a Vacation (1957)
* Miss April (1958)
* The Koster Waltz (1958)
* Sängkammartjuven (1959)
* Sune's Christmas (1991)
# Gamasellus tschucotensis

Gamasellus tschucotensis is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Gamasellus sternopunctatus

Gamasellus sternopunctatus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Galeropsis

Galeropsis is a genus of fungi in the Bolbitiaceae family of mushrooms. The genus is widespread in dry, arid habitats, and contains 16 species. Galeropsis was circumscribed by the Czech botanist Josef Velenovský in 1930.

## Species

* Galeropsis allospora
* Galeropsis andina
* Galeropsis angusticeps
* Galeropsis aporos
* Galeropsis besseyi
* Galeropsis bispora
* Galeropsis deceptiva
* Galeropsis desertorum
* Galeropsis liberata
* Galeropsis madagascariensis
* Galeropsis mitriformis
* Galeropsis paradoxa
* Galeropsis plantaginiformis
* Galeropsis polytrichoides
# Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Project

Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Project or GNSS project is an irrigation project in Kadapa and Chitoor districts of Andhra Pradesh.
It is envisaged to irrigate 265,000 acres (1,070 km$^2$) in two phases besides providing drinking water facilities to villages and towns en route the canal alignment. The main canal, Gandikota, Vamikonda and Sarvarajasagar reservoirs are under construction.
The scheme envisages drawl of 40 TMC surplus flood waters of river Krishna from the foreshore of Srisailam Reservoir through Srisailam Right Bank Canal (SRBC) system up to Gorakallu Reservoir and thereafter through an independent flood flow canal to feed nine storage reservoirs en route and utilize the stored water for irrigation during the Rabi season.
The project construction started in 2005, but the work is still in progress. This project doesn't have any assured water allocation and the Rayalaseema region people are strongly demanding the government to allocate assured water to the project.
# Gallegos de Hornija

Gallegos de Hornija is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 151 inhabitants.
# Garden Peninsula

The Garden Peninsula is a peninsula of 22 miles (35 km) in length that extends southwestward into Lake Michigan from the mainland of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The peninsula is bordered by Lake Michigan on the east, and by Big Bay de Noc on the west. The base of the peninsula is served by U.S. Highway 2, and the peninsula's west shore is reached by M-183. The largest settlement on the peninsula is the village of Garden.
Many of the peninsula's hardwoods were cut down for use in the charcoal-fired iron furnaces operated by the Jackson Iron Company in 1867–1891 at what is now Fayette State Park, on the peninsula's western shore. With its access to Great Lakes shipping, the remaining lumber of the Garden Peninsula was largely logged by the 1890s. However, the area is still home to endemic plants and disjunct populations.
After the conclusion of the old-growth logging era, homesteaders tried to develop an agricultural economy on the cleared land; but these efforts largely failed in the 20th century, the main exceptions being fruit such as strawberries. Much of the peninsula reverted to second-growth woodland within the Lake Superior State Forest.
Most of the peninsula is part of Delta County, although a small portion in the east is part of Schoolcraft County.

## Formation

The Garden Peninsula is part of the western sill of limestone bedrock of the Niagara Escarpment. The other surviving portion of the sill is now Wisconsin's Door Peninsula. Parts of the limestone sill between the Door and Garden peninsulas have been eroded away by glaciers. An archipelago of islands south of the Garden Peninsula spans the gap between the two peninsulas, and hems in Green Bay, Lake Michigan's largest bay, to the west. The Garden Peninsula's line of limestone hills reaches as high as 165 feet (56 m) above the water at Burnt Bluff south of Fayette.
The island-strewn waters around the Garden Peninsula continue to yield a harvest of freshwater fish. One of the peninsula's largest bays, Gillnet Haven Bay southeast of Fayette on the peninsula's eastern shore, commemorates the gill nets used by Lake Michigan's Native American fishermen.

## Settlements

* Fairport
* Fayette
* Garden
* Garden Corners
* Thompson
# Garscadden (disambiguation)

Garscadden is a district of Glasgow.
Garscadden may also refer to:
* Garscadden Wood, nature reserve
* Glasgow Garscadden (UK Parliament constituency)
* Kathleen Garscadden (1897–1991), Scottish radio presenter
* Garscadden railway station
# Garfield Methodist Church

Garfield Methodist Church is a historic church at 1302 E. Roosevelt Street in Phoenix, Arizona.
It was built in 1926 in a Mission/Spanish Revival style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is currently home to Aim Right Ministries.
The church is a two-story 80 by 40 feet (24 m × 12 m) building designed by local architect Vere Wallingford. It is built of wire-cut bricks, with a gable roof, on a concrete foundation. It has a two-story corner entry vestibule resembling a bell tower.
# Gameheads

Gameheads is an Oakland, California-based video game design education program for low-income youth and youth of color.

## History

Technology writer Damon Packwood co-founded Gameheads in 2014 to improve diversity in the video games industry and other STEAM fields. Packwood noticed that students in low-income neighborhoods had a lot of focus and interest for video games and DIY (do it yourself) culture, but that the emerging tech diversity movement had not yet extended to video games. While youth of color spend more time playing video games, they make up less than 20% of industry employees.
The Gameheads program was inspired in part by LittleBigPlanet, a game which gives players the ability to design their own levels. Packwood thought it would be interesting if students could use game design to share their experiences.
The organization is based in Oakland, California.

## Program

The game design program is for students aged 16–24, covering design, conception, coding, storytelling, writing, and motion capture. The program is a full year, with increased activity during the summer. Whereas the main program is primarily educational, another program, "DevOps", prepares young people for jobs in the San Francisco Bay Area. Industry professionals like designer Tim Schafer act as mentors, and several elements of the programs' design are intended to facilitate getting the students jobs in the games industry.
Students' games often focus on issues that affect them: migration, grief, stereotypes, mental health, motherhood, the Asian-American model minority myth, navigating social spaces, as well as more traditional video game themes. A game featured on NPR's Marketplace called Here's Your Change focuses on gentrification from the perspective of a cashier, communicating the way interactions with customers become more formal and transactional as the buildings get nicer. Throughout the game, the visual and audio design changes along with the neighborhood it is set in.
# Gargundi

Gargundi is a village in Parner taluka in Ahmednagar district of state of Maharashtra, India.

## Religion

The majority of the population in the village is Hindu.
Abhijit Zaware

## Economy

The majority of the population has farming as their primary occupation. This village is famous for Primary Teacher. Almost every house have 1 teacher in family. 50 percent people are working in Pune Mumbai.