# Tang Shui Liu

Tang Shui Liu (Chinese: 劉 棠瑞, 1911–1997), biologist, botanist, and forestry researcher. Born in Anfu County, Jiangxi, China, in 1910, he passed away in Los Angeles, United States in 1997. Liu made significant contribution through his extensive publications, and he is one of the editors for the inaugural edition of Flora of Taiwan.

## Biography

Tang Shui Liu, born on November 30, 1910 (with alternative sources suggesting 1911) in Anfu, Jiangxi, China, passed away in Los Angeles, California, US in 1997, at the age of 87. His family has resided in Yantian Township for generations. Liu's father, Yu-Feng Liu, and older brother Hsi-Liang Liu, practices traditional Chinese medicine. Liu started his education in a private school before transferring to Yangming Middle School at the age of 15. At the age of 16, He traveled to Tokyo accompanied by Ta-Tsai Lee, a fellow native from his village, where he received tutoring in Japanese, English, mathematics, physics and chemistry. In 1929, Liu was admitted to Tokyo Higher Normal School, and received scholarship from the Jiangxi provincial government. Following his graduation, he was immediately accepted by the Department of Botany, College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University (now Kyoto University) in 1933, and received Bachelor of Science degree in 1936. Liu returned to China upon completing his studies and assumed the position of professor and the director of biology at various colleges and universities in Guangdong and Guangxi.
In 1948, Liu accepted the invitation from Chian-Shan Chen, who was then the curator of the Taiwan Provincial Museum (now the National Taiwan Museum), and traveled to Taiwan to assume the position of a researcher and the head of the botany unit for the museum. At the same time, he also served as a professor at the Department of Botany at both National Taiwan University and Taiwan Provincial Normal University (now National Taiwan Normal University). He later accepted the invitation from Dr. Shih-Liang Chien, who was then the President of National Taiwan University, for a full-time position as a professor in the Department of Forestry, and as a part-time professor in the Department of Botany, as well as the Director of the Department of Forestry from the same institution. He eventually became the Dean of the School of Agriculture in 1972 before leaving in 1977. Besides teaching at National Taiwan University, Liu also served as a professor in the Department of Botany and the Department of Forestry at National Chung Hsing University. While fulfilling his teaching responsibilities, he also continued with his higher education, and by leveraging his research findings, he was awarded the Doctor of Science degree from Tokyo University in 1970. Liu immigrated to the United States after retiring from National Taiwan University in 1982 and passed away in Los Angeles in 1997

## Studies

Liu actively participated in scientific expedition teams composed of members from the academic community (including geology, meteorology, animal, plants, geography, and other scientific fields) while being a researcher for the Taiwan Provincial Museum in 1947. The team conducted botanical investigations and collections at sites in Penghu, Yushang, and Lanyu, with Liu committing his efforts in taxonomic research.
Liu dedicated 50 years of his life to education and academic research, focusing on the botanical taxonomy of plants in Taiwan and southern China. He published 83 academic studies in total.
In 1963, The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) invited Liu to conduct a year-long study on the taxonomy and distribution of the Abies genus in Europe, the US, and Japan. He spent 8 years analyzing and researching the data after returning from the trip and published A Monograph of the Genus Abies (English Monograph). The work not only studied the taxonomy and distribution of the Abies genus in the world but also described cultivation methods and use in the forestry industry. The work received awards from the USDA. Liu applied for a doctoral degree from Tokyo University by leveraging this work and his other research findings and was awarded the Doctor of Science degree.
Liu used Tang Shui Liu in academic publications, but he occasionally used Tung Shui Liu.