OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fortiva

Fortiva was a software as a service (SaaS) based email archiving company. Founded in 2005 by Paul Chen, the former CEO and founder of FloNetwork (later acquired by DoubleClick). Fortiva's SaaS email archiving service introduced a "hybrid" method, taking advantage of storage and services "in the cloud" while leaving control over email services at the customer site. As a result, the company claimed to offer businesses the benefits of an in-house product with the advantages of a managed solution.
Fortiva was acquired in May, 2008 by Sunnyvale, California-based security company Proofpoint, Inc.

## History

The company was created in response to the growing legal and regulatory challenges that email presents for businesses, in combination with storage challenges. It was also one of the early companies to build a product "from the ground up" as using software as a service, and was recognized early on as a unique solution to the challenge of securely storing and retrieving email without maintaining all data in-house.
Fortiva launched in February 2005, after raising an initial $5 million in funding round, releasing its first product, and lining up two customers as references. Fortiva was backed by venture capital firms McLean Watson and Ventures West. The full series A funding, totalling $8 million was announced in September 2008.
Fortiva was acquired in May, 2008 by Proofpoint, Inc. Its archiving service continues to be marketed and sold under the Proofpoint name.

## Products

The Fortiva Archiving & Compliance Suite was a hybrid application suite and managed service for e-mail archiving, compliance and legal discovery. Integrating with Microsoft Exchange and Active Directory, the suite consisted of five components including Fortiva Policy, Fortiva Archive, Fortiva Discovery, Fortiva Supervision, and Fortiva Reports.

### DoubleBlind Encryption

Fortiva was notable for its use of a proprietary method of data security, known as DoubleBlind Encryption. DoubleBlind Encryption ensured that customer data was encrypted at the customer site before being sent to Fortiva's secure datacenters. As a result, even Fortiva's own staff could not breach the security of the data.
# Fourth De Gasperi government

The fourth De Gasperi government held office in the Italian Republic from 31 May 1947 to 23 May 1948, a total of 358 days, or 11 months and 22 days.

## Party breakdown
### Beginning of term

* Christian Democracy (DC): prime minister, 11 ministers, 7 undersecretaries
* Italian Liberal Party (PLI): 2 ministers (incl. 1 deputy prime minister)
* Independents: 3 ministers

### End of term

* Christian Democracy (DC): prime minister, 9 ministers, 10 undersecretaries
* Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI): 1 deputy prime minister, 2 ministers, 3 undersecretaries
* Italian Liberal Party (PLI): 2 ministers (incl. 1 deputy prime minister), 3 undersecretaries
* Italian Republican Party (PRI): 1 deputy prime minister, 1 minister, 2 undersecretaries
* Independent: 3 ministers

## Composition

| Office | Name | Party | Term |
| Prime Minister | Alcide De Gasperi | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Luigi Einaudi | PLI | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Giuseppe Saragat | PSLI | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Randolfo Pacciardi | PRI | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Carlo Sforza | Independent | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of the Interior | Mario Scelba | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Italian Africa | Alcide De Gasperi (ad interim) | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Grace and Justice | Giuseppe Grassi | PLI | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Budget | Luigi Einaudi | PLI | 6 June 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Finance | Luigi Einaudi | PLI | 31 May 1947–6 June 1947 |
| Minister of Finance | Giuseppe Pella | DC | 6 June 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Treasury | Gustavo Del Vecchio | Independent | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Defence | Mario Cingolani | DC | 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 |
| Minister of Defence | Cipriano Facchinetti | PRI | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Public Education | Guido Gonella | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Public Works | Umberto Tupini | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Agriculture and Forests | Antonio Segni | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Transport | Guido Corbellini | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Post and Telecommunications | Umberto Merlin | DC | 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 |
| Minister of Post and Telecommunications | Ludovico D'Aragona | PSLI | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Industry and Commerce | Giuseppe Togni | DC | 31 May 1947–15 December 1947 |
| Minister of Industry and Commerce | Roberto Tremelloni | PSLI | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Foreign Trade | Cesare Merzagora | Independent | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Merchant Navy | Paolo Cappa | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister of Labour and Social Security | Amintore Fanfani | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Minister for the Coordination of Economic Policies (without portfolio) | Giuseppe Togni | DC | 15 December 1947–24 May 1948 |
| Secretary of the Council of Ministers | Giulio Andreotti | DC | 31 May 1947–24 May 1948 |
# Four Core Genotypes mouse model

Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mice are laboratory mice produced by genetic engineering that allow biomedical researchers to determine if a sex difference in phenotype is caused by effects of gonadal hormones or sex chromosome genes. The four genotypes include XX and XY mice with ovaries, and XX and XY mice with testes. The comparison of XX and XY mice with the same type of gonad reveals sex differences in phenotypes that are caused by sex chromosome genes. The comparison of mice with different gonads but the same sex chromosomes reveals sex differences in phenotypes that are caused by gonadal hormones.

## Development

The FCG model was created by Paul Burgoyne and Robin Lovell-Badge at the National Institute for Medical Research, London (now Francis Crick Institute). The model involves deleting the testis-determining gene Sry from the Y chromosome, and inserting Sry onto chromosome 3. Therefore the sex chromosomes no longer determine the type of gonad, so that XX and XY mice can have the same type of gonad and gonadal hormones.

## Significance

The FCG model has been used to discover that the XX and XY animals respond differently in models of human physiology and disease, including autoimmunity, metabolism, cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and neural and behavioral processes. These findings imply that some sex chromosome genes may protect from disease, rationalizing the search for therapies that enhance such protective factors.
# Fourier shell correlation

In structural biology, as well as in virtually all sciences that produce three-dimensional data, the Fourier shell correlation (FSC) measures the normalised cross-correlation coefficient between two 3-dimensional volumes over corresponding shells in Fourier space (i.e., as a function of spatial frequency). The FSC is the three-dimensional extension of the two-dimensional Fourier ring correlation (FRC); also known as: spatial frequency correlation function.

## Calculation

    $FSC(r)={\frac {\displaystyle \sum _{r_{i}\in r}{F_{1}(r_{i})\cdot F_{2}(r_{i})^{\ast }}}{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{2}]{\sum _{r_{i}\in r}{\left|F_{1}(r_{i})\right|^{2}}\cdot \sum _{r_{i}\in r}{\left|F_{2}(r_{i})\right|^{2}}}}}}$
where $F_{1}$ is the complex structure Factor for volume 1, $F_{2}^{\ast }$ is the complex conjugate of the structure Factor for volume 2, and $r_{i}$ is the individual voxel element at radius $r$. In this form, the FSC takes two three-dimensional data sets and converts them into a one-dimensional array.

## Applications

The FSC originated in cryo-electron microscopy and gradually proliferated to other fields. To measure the FSC, two independently determined 3D volumes are required. In cryo-electron microscopy, the two volumes are the result of two three-dimensional reconstructions, each based on half of the available data set. Typically, random halves are used, although some programs may use the even particle images for one half and the odd particles for the other half of the data set. Some publications quote the FSC 0.5 resolution cutoff, which refers to when the correlation coefficient of the Fourier shells is equal to 0.5. However, determining the resolution threshold remains a controversial issue, with some arguing fixed-value thresholds to be based on incorrect statistical assumptions. Many other criteria using the FSC curve exist, including 3-σ criterion, 5-σ criterion, and the 0.143 cutoff. The half-bit criterion indicates at which resolution we have collected enough information to reliably interpret the 3-dimensional volume, and the (modified) 3-sigma criterion indicates where the FSC systematically emerges above the expected random correlations of the background noise. The FSC 0.143 cutoff was proposed in part to make the resolution measurement comparable to measurements used in X-ray crystallography. Currently, the 0.143 cutoff is the most commonly used criterion for the resolution of cryo-EM reconstructions better than 10 ångström resolution.
# Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae

Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae is a series of papers written by the Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in which he published many of his approximately 2000 descriptions of new taxa of Australian plants. Including the plant genera of; Reedia (belonging to the family Cyperaceae), and Acomis (in the daisy family). The papers were issued in 94 parts between 1858 and 1882 and published in 11 volumes. Though a 12th volume was apparently planned, it was not published. It is the only scientific periodical in Australia that has been completely written in Latin.
One of the illustrators of the series was Ludwig Becker.
# Francesco Buonamici

Francesco Buonamici may refer to:
* Francesco Buonamici (1533–1603), Italian doctor, philosopher and writer
* Francesco Buonamici (1596–1677), Italian Baroque architect, painter and engraver
* Francesco Buonamici [it] (1836–1921), Italian lawyer and politician
* Giovan Francesco Buonamici (1692–1759), Italian Baroque architect and painter
* Giovanni Francesco Buonamici [it] (1592–1669), Italian diplomat
# Francesco Maria Avitto

Francesco Maria Avitto, journalist and expert on science and healthcare economist, has directed numerous newspapers in Italy including Adnkronos Salute, Doctor's Life (Sky 440), Popular Science Italia and Fortune Italia
He was also deputy director of the Adnkronos press agency (2009–2012) and is currently editorial director of Quotidiano Sanità and editor in chief of website DailyHealthIndustry who has a syndication agreement with Reuters Health for the Italian market.
He was awarded the Ischia Prize for Scientific Journalism in 2006 and 2009 as director of Adnkronos Salute and Biagio Agnes Award.
# Francesco Sonis

Francesco Sonis (born 29 April 2002) is an Italian chess player who holds the title of Grandmaster (2021).

## Biography

In 2013, Francesco Sonis won Italian Youth Chess Championship in the U12 age group.
He participated in European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in the different age groups. Best result - in 2018, in Riga Francesco Sonis won European Youth Chess Championship in the O16 age group.
In 2017, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title.
In December 2020 he won the bronze medal at FIDE Online World Cadets & Youth Rapid Chess Championship in U18 Open category. He lost to Nihal Sarin in semifinal, but won against Mahdi Gholami Orimi in third place match at armageddon.
In May 2021 he won the Mitropa Cup with the Italian national team, in August he obtained the third norm of Grandmaster in Spilimbergo.
# Francis Farrelly

Francis James Farrelly (11 December 1895 – 21 August 1965) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket for Griqualand West between 1921–22 and 1930–31.
Born in Kimberley, Farrelly was educated in England at Stonyhurst College. Opening the bowling for the school's First XI in 1913, he took 134 wickets at an average of 5.39. It is believed to be the highest number of wickets taken in an English public schools season. In the 2021 edition of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack he was retrospectively named Wisden Schools Cricketer of the Year for 1913.
Farrelly returned to South Africa and played for Griqualand West for nearly ten years as an all-rounder. His highest score was 94 in a Currie Cup match against Western Province in January 1926, when Griqualand West won by six wickets. He had taken his best bowling figures the previous month: 4 for 57 on the losing side against Transvaal.
# Francesco Speroni

Francesco Enrico Speroni (born 4 October 1946, in Busto Arsizio) is an Italian politician.

## Career

Speroni has been flight engineer from 1970 to 1997, remaining on leave since 1989. A member of the Northern League, Speroni has been a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1994, a Senator from 1992 to 1999 and again an MEP from 1999 to 2014.
He served as Minister for Institutional Reforms in first Berlusconi government, from 1994 to 1995.
As MEP, he co-chaired the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group from 2009 to 2014. He sat also on the European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs and has been a substitute for the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a member of the Delegation to the EU-Mexico Joint Parliamentary Committee.
In 2011, Speroni stated that "Breivik's ideas are in defence of western civilisation" following the 2011 Norway attacks.

## Education

* 1975: Political science degree
* 1999: Law degree
# Francis Belle

Francis Belle is a Barbadian lawyer and judge who has worked as a lawyer and a judge in a number of Commonwealth countries in the Caribbean.

## Career

Belle earned Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees from the University of the West Indies. From 1986 to 1993, he worked as a lawyer in Bridgetown, Barbados. In 1993, he moved to the British Virgin Islands where he worked as Crown counsel until 1997. In 1997, Belle moved to Saint Kitts and Nevis where he worked as the Director of Public Prosecutions for two years; he moved back to the British Virgin Islands in 1998 and worked with a law firm until 2003. In 2003, he was awarded a Master of Arts in Conflict Analysis and Resolution from Nova Southeastern University.
In 2004, Belle was appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission of the Caribbean Community as a High Court Judge of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. In this role, his first assignment was to reside in and hear cases from Grenada. In 2005, his assignment was changed to sitting on the High Court in Saint Kitts and Nevis. He remained in Saint Kitts until 2010, when he was transferred to sit on the High Court in Saint Lucia.
# Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate

The Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate were founded by Blessed Mother Caritas Brader (1860, Switzerland - 1943, Colombia), in Tuquerres, Colombia in 1893. The Congregation was first made up of young women from Switzerland and then immediately joined by Colombian vocations that allowed the new Congregation to spread to several countries including the United States. The Motherhouse and Novitatiate was moved from Tuquerres to Pasto in 1927.
Mother Caritas Brader was beatified by John Paul II on March 23, 2003. She focused the organization mainly on the education of the poor and the marginalized. Today, the religious sisters work in the mission fields of Central and South America, Mexico, Switzerland, Mali, Benin and in the southwestern United States. As of 2022, there were eighteen sisters in the Region de San Francisco, which takes in the United States and Mexico.
# Franciscan Center

Franciscan Center may refer to:
* Franciscan Center of Baltimore
* Franciscan Center of Tampa
# Francis J. Lantry

Francis J. Lantry (1859 - October 7, 1922) was appointed the fifth Fire Commissioner of the City of New York by Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. on October 10, 1906, and served in that position until he resigned on February 10, 1908.

## Biography

He was born in 1859 in New York City. He died on October 7, 1922, in Manhattan, New York City.
# Francisco Javier Errázuriz

Francisco Javier Errázuriz may refer to:
* Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Chilean Catholic cardinal
* Francisco Javier Errázuriz Talavera, Chilean politician
# Frank Godbould Lee

Sir Frank Godbould Lee GCMG KCB PC (26 August 1903 – 23 April 1971) was a British public servant and Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Lee was born in Colchester, Essex, in 1903 and educated at Brentwood School and Downing College, Cambridge, where he read English. After Cambridge he joined the civil service in the Colonial Office where he stayed from 1926 until 1940. He then moved to the Treasury and was Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Food when he was knighted in January 1950. In 1951 he became Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade, before eventually moving back to the Treasury and becoming Joint Permanent Secretary.
In 1958, he delivered the Stamp memorial lecture, on the subject of The Board of Trade, which was subsequently published as a monograph by The University of London.
On 2 October 1962 he was made a privy councillor.
He retired from the civil service in 1962 and was appointed Master of Corpus Christi College Cambridge, a post he held until his death in 1971.
The Frank Lee Leisure Centre in Cambridge is named in his honour.
# František Donth

František Donth, or Franz Donth in German (1896 in Rokytnice nad Jizerou - 11 July 1976 in Ilsenburg) was an Ethnic German Nordic skier who competed for Czechoslovakia in cross-country skiing in the 1920s. He won four medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a gold in the 50 km (1925), two silvers in the 18 km (1925, 1927), and bronze in the 50 km (1927).
At the 1928 Winter Olympics he finished eleventh in the 18 km competition and 14th in the 50 km event.
Franz Donth was an ethnic German, who competed for the Hauptverband Deutscher Wintersportvereine der Tschechoslowakischen Republik (Central Federation of German Winter Sports Associations of the Czechoslovak Republic).
# František Richter

František Richter (27 August 1931 - 27 March 2020) was an international speedway rider from Czechoslovakia.

## Speedway career

Richter reached the final of the inaugural Speedway World Team Cup at the 1960 Speedway World Team Cup, winning a bronze medal.
He was champion of Czechoslovakia in 1959 after winning the Czechoslovakian Championship.

## World final appearances
### World Team Cup

* 1960 - Gothenburg, Ullevi (with Jaroslav Machač / Luboš Tomíček Sr. / Antonín Kasper Sr. / Bohumír Bartoněk) - 3rd - 15pts (4)
# Frank Larken

Admiral Sir Frank Larken KCB CMG (15 November 1875 – 21 January 1953) was a Royal Navy officer who became Naval Secretary.

## Early life and education

Larken was born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, the middle son of Eliza Larken and solicitor Francis Roper Larken. He was the grandson of Edmund Larken and brother of Hubert Larken, Archdeacon of Lincoln.
In 1889, he entered HMS Britannia as a naval cadet. His desire to go to sea was encouraged by early experience boating with his brothers on Foss Dyke, he told a crowd in 1935: "I do not know that I showed any more aptitude for the sea then than they did, but one day, in a fishing boat at Filey, anchored off the Brig in a nasty swell with a cross tide, they were both very sick a good half-hour before I was. Encouraged by that, the prospect of brass buttons and the fact that midshipman received a salary, which afterwards turned out to mainly illusory, I welcomed the suggestion of my parents that 1 should follow a sea life."

## Naval career

Larken served in World War I and, as Captain of the cruiser HMS Doris, he led a successful raid cutting the railway line between Adana and Alexandretta in December 1914 thereby impeding the progress of the Turkish invasion of North Africa.
Engineer Graeme Haldane recalled Larken's tremendous leadership aboard the Doris:
   Those who had the privilege of serving under the late Frank Larken in H.M.S. Doris during the first world war will recollect how swiftly he raised the fighting efficiency of a heterogeneous ship's company consisting largely of reservists mobilized just before the outbreak of war. To a young cadet fresh from Dartmouth the commissioning process was little short of a nightmare, yet Captain Larken (as he then was) created order out of chaos in a surprisingly short space of time. and it was a fighting ship that reached the Mediterranean a few months later. Captain Larken was interested in every man of his ship's company and inspired a very real sense of affection as well as respect. Perhaps this was particularly so in the gun room, consisting as it did of inexperienced cadets to whom the harshness of the sudden plunge into war service was in no small measure mitigated by Captain Larken's interest and consideration.
He also saw action at Gallipoli in 1915.
After the War, he was made Captain of the Fleet, Mediterranean Fleet before being given command of the battleship HMS Valiant. Following his promotion to rear admiral, he became Naval Secretary in 1925 and Commander of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron in 1927, and, following his promotion to vice admiral in 1929, he went on to command the Reserve Fleet in 1930. He was promoted to full admiral on 1 September 1933, before retiring later the same month.
He was made CB in the 1925 New Year Honours and advanced to KCB in the 1932 Birthday Honours.

## Personal life

In 1909, he married Victoria Alexandrina Rawson, the daughter of Commander Wyatt Rawson. They had two sons and two daughters. Their son Francis became a Royal Navy captain and Deputy Director of Naval Ordnance at the Admiralty. Their son Nigel was killed in action in 1941 aboard HMS Dolphin.