OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galeruca

Galeruca is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Galerucinae. It is distributed in the Palaearctic and Nearctic realms. In Turkey, the genus is represented by 10 species.

## Species

Galeruca contains the following species, divided into seven subgenera:
Subgenus Galeruca Geoffroy, 1762:
* Galeruca abbreviata (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca altissima Chen & Jiang, 1981
* Galeruca angelae Havelka, 1958
* Galeruca angulicollis Kocher, 1959
* Galeruca angusta (Küster, 1849)
* Galeruca armeniaca Weise, 1886
* Galeruca artemisiae (Rosenhauer, 1956)
* Galeruca baetica Weise, 1891
* Galeruca barbara (Erichson, 1841)
* Galeruca barovskyi Jacobson, 1925
* Galeruca browni Blake, 1945
* Galeruca circassica Reitter, 1889
* Galeruca comaica Cheng & Jiang, 1981
* Galeruca corsica (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945
* Galeruca dahlii (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca daurica (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca extensa (Motschulsky, 1862)
* Galeruca externa Say, 1824
* Galeruca goudoti (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca heydeni Weise, 1887
* Galeruca hunyadensis Csiki, 1953
* Galeruca hyrcana Medvedev & Mirzoevna, 1969
* Galeruca ida Havelka, 1956
* Galeruca impressicollis Pic, 1934
* Galeruca improvisa Havelka, 1956
* Galeruca indica Baly, 1878
* Galeruca interrupta Illiger, 1802
* Galeruca jucunda (Falderman, 1837)
* Galeruca laticollis Sahlberg, 1838
* Galeruca littoralis (Fabricius, 1787)
* Galeruca luctuosa (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca macchoi (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca nebrodensis Ragusa, 1887
* Galeruca nigrolineata Mannerheim, 1825
* Galeruca obscura (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca pallasia Jacobson, 1925
* Galeruca parallelipennis Beenen, 2002
* Galeruca planiuscula Laboissière, 1937
* Galeruca pomonae (Scopoli, 1763)
* Galeruca popenoei Blake, 1945
* Galeruca regularis Beenen & Yang, 2007
* Galeruca reichardti Jacobson, 1925
* Galeruca reichei (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca rudis J. L. LeConte, 1857
* Galeruca rugosa (Joannis, 1865)
* Galeruca sardosa (Gené, 1839)
* Galeruca sicana (Reiche, 1860)
* Galeruca sinensis Laboissière, 1937
* Galeruca spectabilis (Faldermann, 1837)
* Galeruca tanaceti (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Galeruca tripoliana (Chevrolat, 1873)
* Galeruca trubetzkoji Jacobson, 1925
Subgenus Emarhopa Weise, 1886
* Galeruca maculaticeps Pic, 1920
* Galeruca rufa Germar, 1824
Subgenus Fassatia Havelka, 1954
* Galeruca microptera Havelka, 1954
Subgenus Galerima Reitter, 1903
* Galeruca canigoensis Fauvel, 1892
* Galeruca miegii (Perez Arcas, 1874)
* Galeruca monticola (Kiesenwetter, 1850)
* Galeruca villiersi Berty & Rapilly, 1983
Subgenus Galerotoma Reitter, 1903
* Galeruca haagi (Joannis, 1865)
Subgenus Haptoscelis Weise, 1886
* Galeruca melanocephala (Ponza, 1805)
* Galeruca reitteri Havelka, 1958
Subgenus Rhabdotilla Jacobson, 1911 (formerly Galemira Beenen, 2003)
* Galeruca gyangzea Chen & Jiang, 1987
* Galeruca himalayensis Jacoby, 1896
* Galeruca holzschuhi (Mandl, 1981)
* Galeruca sexcostata Jacoby, 1904
* Galeruca zangana Chen & Jiang, 1987
# Gadolinium(III) fluoride

Gadolinium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula GdF$_3$.

## Preparation

Gadolinium(III) fluoride can be prepared by heating gadolinium oxide and ammonium bifluoride. The reaction involves two steps:
    Gd$_2$O$_3$ + 6 NH$_4$HF$_2$ → 2 NH$_4$GdF$_4$ + 4 NH$_4$F + 3 H$_2$O
    NH$_4$GdF$_4$ → GdF$_3$ + NH$_3$ + HF
Alternatively, reacting gadolinium chloride with hydrofluoric acid and adding hot water produces GdF$_3$·xH$_2$O (x＝0.53). Anhydrous gadolinium(III) fluoride can then be produced by heating the hydrate with ammonium bifluoride; without the bifluoride, GdOF is formed instead.
    GdCl$_3$ + 3 HF + x H$_2$O → GdF$_3$·xH$_2$O + 3 HCl

## Properties

Gadolinium(III) fluoride is a white solid that is insoluble in water. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Pnma (space group no. 62).

## Uses

Gadolinium(III) fluoride is used to produce fluoride glasses.
# Gander Bay North, Newfoundland and Labrador

Gander Bay North is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## Geography

Gander Bay North is in Newfoundland within Subdivision L of Division No. 8.

## Demographics

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Gander Bay North recorded a population of 853 living in 372 of its 456 total private dwellings, a change of 0.5% from its 2011 population of 849. With a land area of 37.84 km$^2$ (14.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 22.5/km$^2$ (58.4/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

Gander Bay North is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Thomas Gillingham.
# Gander Academy

Gander Academy is a school in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is operated by the Newfoundland and Labrador English School District.

## History

In 1996, a neighboring Catholic school, St. Joseph's Elementary, closed its doors. The former students of St. Joseph's were moved into the larger Gander Academy building greatly increasing enrollment.
In 2000, the former middle school, Gander Middle School, was also shut down. Having previously housed grades 6 through 8 grades 7 & 8 were moved into St. Paul's Intermediate School while the grade 6 class was relocated to Gander Academy.

### September 11, 2001

During the week following the September 11, 2001 attacks approximately 750 passengers from grounded flights Virgin Air 21, Sabena 439, and Lufthansa 416 were housed at Gander Academy. Soon after on October 11, 2001, Captain Robert Burgess made a presentation of $5000.00 consisting of money donated by passengers of Virgin Atlantic flight 21 which was then matched by the airline. Plans were also made to have a free trip for select students to London as a further sign of thanks.

### Canada Day 2006

For the tenth anniversary of UNISONG the Gander Academy Choir as well as music teacher Mark Thibeault was invited to Ottawa to sing at Canada Day celebrations. On July 1, 2006, the Choir sang the "Ode to Newfoundland" at the War Memorial Site in Ottawa, Canada.

## Activities

Spelling Bee, Choir, After school sports, Comic club, Drama club, Student council and Tin whistle.

### Science & Technology Days

The "Science & Technology Days" occur over a few days in which students take part in technology-related activities put off by various organizations in town. A few of these include an annual demonstration of electrical safety by Newfoundland Power and a demonstration of police equipment (such as radar guns) by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

## Theme pages

Created by Jim Cornish, a retired grade 5 teacher at Gander Academy, the theme pages are intended as an online learning environment for children participating in the elementary program covering a wide variety of subjects. Originally created as a portal for research for students attending the school, the theme pages are currently being used by many schools across Canada as well as the Centre for Distance Learning & Innovation in teaching students living in remote communities without established learning institutions.
# Gao Siren

Gao Siren (born March 1944 in Qingdao, Shandong) was the director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from 2002 to 2009. From 2000 to 2002 he was the deputy director of the Liaison Office.
# Gallegos del Río

Gallegos del Río is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 663 inhabitants.

## Town hall

Gallegos del Río is home to the town hall of 7 villages:
* Domez (160 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Gallegos del Río (82 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Valer (78 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Puercas (56 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Flores (44 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Lober (34 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Tolilla (12 inhabitants, INE 2020).
# Gahnite

Gahnite, ZnAl$_2$O$_4$, is a rare mineral belonging to the spinel group. It forms octahedral crystals which may be green, blue, yellow, brown or grey. It often forms as an alteration product of sphalerite in altered massive sulphide deposits such as at Broken Hill, Australia. Other occurrences include Falun, Sweden where it is found in pegmatites and skarns; and, in the United States, Charlemont, Massachusetts; Spruce Pine, North Carolina; White Picacho district, Arizona; Topsham, Maine; and Franklin, New Jersey.
It was first described in 1807 for an occurrence in the Falu mine, Falun, Dalarna, Sweden, and named after the Swedish chemist, Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745–1818), the discoverer of the element manganese. It is sometimes called zinc spinel.
# Gamdi, Ahmedabad district

Gamdi is a village in Daskroi taluka in the Ahmedabad District of the Indian state of Gujarat. Nearby villages are Devdi, Geratpur, Ropda, Vinzol and Aslali. Gamdi's Postal Index Number code is 382435 and the postal head office is Nandej.
# Gardiner A. Strube

Gardiner A. Strube was an American drum major in the New York National Guard and the author of a fife and drum manual.

## Career

Gardiner Strube served as a drummer in Duryee's Zouaves, also known as the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil War. After the war, he served in the Twelfth Regiment, Infantry, N.G.S.N.Y as the Drum Major. While in the 12th, he wrote Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor which was approved by the Secretary of War John A. Rawlins in 1869 for use in the Army of the United States. Strube would later serve as an election inspector for the City of New York in 1874.
William F. Ludwig held Strube's Instructor in high regard, along with Bruce and Emmett's 1862 book saying, "Both of these instructors should receive equal credit for the firm establishment of the drum rudiments we have today." The National Association of Rudimental Drummers, which Ludwig helped found, based their 26 Standard American Rudiments on Strube's 25 Lessons from the Instructor with just a single additional rudiment. Strube's 25 Lessons, while influential, were actually a truncated version of Bruce and Emmett who themselves had removed several traditional American rudiments from the vocabulary they presented in their book. Nonetheless, the Strube rudiments were also the basis for the Percussive Arts Society's 1984 list of 40 International Drum Rudiments.

## Publications

* Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor
# Gando, Burkina Faso

Gando is a village in Burkina Faso, in the Centre-Est Region, the Boulgou province and the Department of Tenkodogo. Gando has about 2500 residents. The village became famous in 2004, when the architect Diébédo Francis Kéré, originating from Gando and living in Germany, received the prestigious Aga Khan Award for Architecture for the construction of the Gando primary school.

## Gallery

* Primary School, Gando
* Gando primary school from Diébédo Francis Kéré.
* Gando teachers accommodation
* Gando secondary school detail
* Detail of the primary school library
* Primary school extension building
# Gamal Abdel Nasser (disambiguation)

Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918–1970) was the second President of Egypt 1954–1970.
Gamal Abdel Nasser or Jamal Abdel Nasser may also refer to:
* Gamal Abdel Nasser Museum, Cairo, Egypt
* Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque, Cairo, Egypt
* ENS Gamal Abdel Nasser, an Egyptian Navy amphibious assault ship
* Tobruk Airport, Libya, previously Gamal Abdel Nasser Airport
** Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase
* Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Guinea
* Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque, al-Bireh, West Bank, Palestine
* Jamal Abdel Nasser Street, Gaza, Palestine
# Gargždai Stadium

Gargždai Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Gargždai, Lithuania. It is mostly used for football matches and hosts the home games of the team, FK Banga Gargždai, of the A Lyga. The capacity of the stadium is 2,323 spectators.
# Gasterophilus nasalis

Gasterophilus nasalis (also called throat bot fly or horse nasal bot fly) is a species of the genus Gasterophilus and family Oestridae. This species is found worldwide, but prominently present within the summer months. This species of G. nasalis primarily targets equines, such as horses, donkeys and the plains zebra. However, it's known that it targets cattle as well, along with mild cases of companion animals.

## Occurrence

Besides the Gasterophilus intestinalis, the Gasterophilus Nasalis is the most common horse bottle fly.
In a research paper from 1951 to 1973, 80.6% of horses examined in Kentucky were hosts of the Gasterophilus nasalis in the second or third instar. In Morocco, they occurred together with the G. intestinalis. While third instar larvae were present during the whole year, larvae in the second instar were only present in April. Young horses were more likely to be infected with the parasite.

## Life cycle

Horse bottle flies lay their eggs typically around the submaxillary area on the hair of the equine. Unlike other Gasterophilus species, the larva hatches spontaneously, and the hatch is not triggered by an environmental factor. Once the larva hatched, it crawls to the mouth and enters the oral cavity, where it spends up to 21 days in the tissue of the tongue. In the second instar, the larva relocates, after approximately four weeks in the oral cavity, into the stomach, more specific, to the pylorus. Here, they get into the third instar before the Gasterophilus nasalis is excreted. After another 3–5 weeks in the soil the fly is fully developed and adult. All in all a horse bottle fly spends up to 10 months in the equine body.

## Symptoms

The Gasterophilus nasalis does barely cause clinical symptoms. It might be possible to spot a larva either on the fur or in and around the oral cavity. The most common symptoms are: extreme salivation, shaking of the head, problems with chewing and general irritation of the oral cavity.

## Diagnosis

The infestation with Gasterophilus nasalis can easily be overseen by the owner. It might be possible to spot a larva either on the fur or in and around the oral cavity. Rarely, it can also be noticed in the excretions. When a larva or egg is found on the fur, this indicates the infection of the whole herd, for during grooming, the eggs and larvae are easily transferred from one individual to another.

## Treatment

A typical treatment against Gasterophilus nasalis is Ivermectin, which diminish the oral larva as well as the gastric. It is usually used with 0.2 milligram per kilogram. Moxidectin, which is also used, is not proved to increase the gastric larva, but only the ones in the oral cavity.

### Prevention

Since the Gasterophilus species occur very often, a general treatment with Ivermectin can be done in autumn, also in non freezing temperatures. It is recommended to remove eggs spotted on the fur.
# Gawler Place

Gawler Place is a single-lane thoroughfare in the city centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. Somewhat narrower than other busy streets in the Central Business District, it runs north to south from North Terrace to Wakefield Street, parallel to and approximately midway between King William and Pulteney streets.

## History

Before 1904, the lanes that now make up Gawler Place included Rundle Place (North Terrace to Rundle Street, now Rundle Mall), Gawler Place (Rundle to Grenfell Street) and Freeman Street (Grenfell to Wakefield Street), in addition to Gawler Place.
The Adelaide City Council announced a planned upgrade to the thoroughfare in 2017. Undertaken in 2019, the upgrade included new footpath and road surfaces, lighting, seating and spaces for socialising.

### Historic buildings

Several historic buildings are situated in Gawler Place, including Gawler Chambers (188 North Terrace, corner of North Terrace and Gawler Place), the Oriental Hotel (42–50 Gawler Place), the former Claridge House (52–56), and Allan's Building (58–60).

## Description

Since Rundle Mall is a pedestrian mall, driving across it on Gawler Place is not permitted. Between North Terrace and Rundle Mall, Gawler Place permits two-way traffic, with access to a multi-storey car park and a taxi rank near Rundle Mall. It is also two-way between Rundle Mall and Grenfell Street for access to businesses on this stretch. South of Grenfell Street, Gawler Place is one-way, for northbound vehicles only. It is a busy stretch of road: about 25,000 people walk between Grenfell Street and North Terrace daily.
Gawler Place continues north of North Terrace, downhill, as Kintore Avenue. The State Library of South Australia and the University of Adelaide are on the east and the South Australian National War Memorial, Government House and Torrens Parade Ground are on the west. The road ends at its intersection with Victoria Drive, which runs alongside the Torrens Lake.

### Junctions

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Adelaide city centre | −0.45 | −0.28 | Victoria Drive | As Kintore Avenue |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.0 | 0.0 | North Terrace | |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.15 | 0.093 | Rundle Mall | |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.30 | 0.19 | Grenfell Street | |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.45 | 0.28 | Pirie Street | |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.60 | 0.37 | Flinders Street | |
| Adelaide city centre | 0.80 | 0.50 | Wakefield Street | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Gaspard-le-Marchant Carey

James Gaspard-le-Marchant Carey (21 June 1831 – 17 March 1885) was an Anglican priest in the second half of the 19th century.
Born in Cape of Good Hope, Carey was educated at Brighton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1854, and served curacies at Charlcombe and Henny. He was Rector of Snodland from 1866 to 1874; and then of Boreham. He was appointed Archdeacon of Essex in 1882. and died in post in Folkestone.
# Gauchin-Verloingt

Gauchin-Verloingt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

A farming village situated in the valley of the Ternoise river, 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Arras, at the junction of the D343 and the D100 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Vaast, dating from the seventeenth century.
* The chapel at Rocourt, also dating from the seventeenth century.
* An old farmhouse
# Gemazocine

Gemazocine (R-15,497), also known as cyclogemine, is a non-selective opioid antagonist of the benzomorphan class. It may have partial agonist properties at some of the opioid receptors, such as at the kappa receptor (as it induces dysphoric effects in humans), but seems to be generally antagonistic in its actions.
# Gareth Davies

Gareth Davies may refer to:

## Musicians

* Gareth Glynne Davies, Welsh composer
* Gareth Davies, bassist in Funeral for a Friend

## Politicians

* Gareth Davies (English politician) (born 1984), British Conservative MP for Grantham and Stamford
* Gareth Davies (Welsh politician) (born 1988), Welsh Conservative MS for Vale of Clwyd

## Sportspeople

* Gareth Davies (cricketer) (born 1975), Welsh cricketer
* Gareth Davies (footballer, born 1949), Welsh football central defender
* Gareth Davies (footballer, born 1959), Welsh football midfielder
* Gareth Davies (footballer, born 1973), Welsh football central defender
* Gareth Davies (footballer, born 1983), English footballer
* Gareth Davies (rugby union, born 1955), Welsh rugby union fly-half
* Gareth Davies (rugby union, born 1984), Welsh rugby union fly-half
* Gareth Davies (rugby union, born 1990), Welsh rugby union scrum-half
* Gareth Davies (rugby league) (born 1973), Welsh professional rugby league footballer

## Others

* Gareth Davies (director), British television director and actor
* Gareth Davies (television producer), television producer
* Gareth Davies (doctor) (born 1965), British doctor
* Gareth Alban Davies (1926–2009), Welsh writer and academic
# Gareth Davies (director)

Gareth Davies is a British television director and actor.
Davies began his career as an actor with stage roles at the Royal Court Theatre in London and a recurring role in the early BBC soap opera Compact. It is though as a television director where Davies made his greatest impact. He directed several of television dramatist Dennis Potter's earliest plays, such as The Nigel Barton Plays (1965), Moonlight on the Highway, and Son of Man (both 1969).
Davies's other work included serial adaptations of literary classics, such as Balzac's Cousin Bette (1971), Tom Brown's Schooldays (also 1971), which won several Emmys after it was screened in the United States, and Oliver Twist (1985).
# Genann

Genann Mac Dala (modern spelling: Geanann), son of Dela (Dela was a descendant of Starn, son of Nemed), of the Fir Bolg was a legendary joint High King of Ireland with his brother Gann, succeeding their brother Rudraige. His wife was Cnucha.
When the Fir Bolg invaded Ireland the five sons of Dela divided the island among themselves. Genann landed with Rudraige at Tracht Rudraige (Dundrum Bay, County Down) and took the province of Connacht.
When their brother Rudraige died, Gann and Genann became joint High King for four years, until they both died of plague, along with two thousand of their followers, and were succeeded by Sengann.

## Primary sources

* Lebor Gabála Érenn
* Annals of the Four Masters
* Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Érinn
Regnal titles :
| New post | King of Connacht | Succeeded byConrac Cas |
| Preceded byRudraige | High King of Ireland (with Gann) AFM 1931–1927 BC FFE 1511–1507 BC | Succeeded bySengann |
# Geasteroides

Geasteroides is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Geasteroides texensis, described by American mycologist William Henry Long in 1917.

## Taxonomy

Long described both the new genus and species in a 1917 article in the journal Mycologia. The type collection was made in Denton, Texas in October 1907. Long called it "a Calvatia among the geaster". In 1945, Long replaced the name with Terrostella, suggesting that Geasteroides was illegitimate because it had been used by Giovanni Antonio Battarra in 1755. However, later changes in the nomenclatural rules meant that names of gasteroid species published before 1801 no longer had priority, rendering Terrostella illegitimate. Patricio Ponce de León transferred the Congolese species Geastrum barbatum (described by Dissing & M. Lange in 1962) to Geasteroides in 1968, but this has since been transferred to the genus Phialastrum.

## Description

Geasteroides texensis has a fruit body that splits open in maturity in a star-like fashion to reveal a spherical inner spore sac (gleba). The ochre to whitish outer layer of skin, the exoperidium, is thick and leathery and often has a thin layer of adhering cobweb-like mycelium and debris that peels away as the fungus matures. The exoperidium splits open into four to seven rays that are curved backward overall, with tips curved inward. Expanded fruit bodies are 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) in diameter. The inner surface of the exoperidum is dark brown, with deep cracks when dry. The special inner endoperidium rests upon a short stipe that broadens to a top-shaped, corky base. The height of base and endoperidium is 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in), and it is roughly the same width. The fragile, whitish to brownish endoperidium opens irregularly near the top to reveal purplish-brown gleba. In some mature, weathered specimens, the gleba may be completely absent, with only the interior stipe and corky base remaining in the endoperidium. The spores are spherical with faint warts on the surface, and measure 3–5 μm in diameter. Capillitium threads in the gleba are long and sparingly branched, measuring 7–10 μm thick.

## Habitat and distribution

The species is known from Texas, where it grows in loamy soil around the decaying stumps of post oak (Quercus stellata).
# Gastrotheca rebeccae

Gastrotheca rebeccae (common name: Rebecca's marsupial frog) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Peru and known from the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Ayacucho Region, at elevations of 2,440–2,970 m (8,010–9,740 ft) asl. The specific name honours Dr. Rebecca Pyles from the East Tennessee State University.
Natural habitat of Gastrotheca rebeccae is cloud forest. Possible threats to this species are unknown.