OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Winkie (pigeon)

Winkie was a pigeon who won the Dickin Medal in 1943 for assisting in the rescue of an aircrew forced to ditch in the North Sea during the Second World War.

## Military service

During World War II, Winkie was aboard a British Bristol Beaufort when it crashed in the North Sea on 23 February 1942 as a result of being badly damaged by enemy fire following a mission to Norway.
Struggling in the freezing waters, the crew remembered Winkie, a blue chequered hen, number NEHU 40 NSL. Sending her was their only chance, as the crew did not have time to radio an accurate position before ditching.
Winkie was set free and flew 120 miles home to Broughty Ferry, where her owner, George Ross discovered the exhausted pigeon. He alerted the airbase at RAF Leuchars in Fife, and a search and rescue mission was launched.
Using the time difference from the plane ditching to the arrival of the pigeon in the loft, and taking into account the wind direction and the inhibition to her flight speed caused by oil spoilage to her feathers, the RAF were able to approximate where the plane ditched. Within 15 minutes, the crew's position had been located and a rescue vessel dispatched.
On 2 December 1943, Winkie was awarded the Dickin Medal. The citation read "for delivering a message under exceptional difficulties and so contributing to the rescue of an Air Crew while serving with the RAF in February 1942." Winkie received her medal from Maria Dickin in March 1943.
The crew were rescued and later held a dinner for Winkie, who basked in her cage as she was toasted by the officers.
When Winkie died, Ross donated her and her Dickin Medal to Dundee Art Galleries and Museums.

## In literature and music

"Winkie" is the subject of a poem in Douglas Dunn's 1988 collection Northlight, published by Faber & Faber (London).
The seventh track, titled "Winkie", on progressive rock band Big Big Train's 2016 album Folklore is based on the story of Winkie.
# George Seward

George Seward may refer to:
* George Seward (diplomat) (1840–1910), American diplomat to China
* George Seward (baseball) (1851–1904), American baseball player
# SOLAR (ISS)

SOLAR was an ESA science observatory on the Columbus Laboratory, which is part of the International Space Station. SOLAR was launched with Columbus in February 2008 aboard STS-122. It was externally mounted to Columbus with the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF). SOLAR has three main space science instruments: SOVIM, SOLSPEC and SOL-ACES. Together they provide detailed measurements of the Sun's spectral irradiance. The SOLAR platform and its instruments are controlled from the Belgian User Support and Operations Centre (B.USOC), located at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA) in Uccle, Belgium.

## Instruments

* SOVIM (Solar Variability and Irradiance Monitor) instrument is based on an earlier instrument (SOVA) which flew aboard the European Retrievable Carrier, launched on STS-46 in 1992. It is designed to measure solar radiation with wavelengths from 200 nanometers - 100 micrometers. This covers near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared areas of the spectrum.
* SOLSPEC (Solar Spectral irradiance measurements) is designed to measure the solar spectral irradiance in the 165- to 3000-nanometer range with high spectral resolution.
* SOL-ACES (Auto-calibrating Extreme Ultraviolet and Ultraviolet spectrometers) consists of four grazing incidence grating spectrometers. They are designed to measure the EUV/UV spectral regime (17 nanometers - 220 nanometers) with moderate spectral resolution.

## Mission

The mission was originally planned for a 2003 launch, but was delayed following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Some other components are also planned to be mounted externally on Columbus on future missions, including the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES). Another name for SOLAR may be Solar Monitoring Observatory or SMO.
In 2012, the entire 450-tonne station was rotated so SOLAR could observe a full rotation of the Sun continuously. A Solar rotation takes about 24–28 days depending on the latitude.
SOLAR's mission ended in 2017 with the failure of all but one of its instruments. On the morning of January 28, 2020 SOLAR was removed from FRAM 1 where it rested since it was delivered on STS 122 and strapped to the side of Cygnus NG-12 with the SDS placed on the other side. SOLAR was released from the station on February 3, 2020 and burnt up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean on March 13, 2020 ending the mission which spent a decade photographing the sun.

## Visuals

| The Solar Monitoring Observatory is externally mounted on the Columbus Laboratory | SOLAR |
# John Horsley (antiquarian)

John Horsley FRS (1685 – 12 January 1732) was a British antiquarian, known primarily for his book Britannia Romana or The Roman Antiquities of Britain which was published in 1732.

## Early life

John Hodgson, in a memoir published in 1831, held that Horsley was born in 1685, at Pinkie House, in the parish of Inveresk, Midlothian, and that his father was a Northumberland nonconformist, who had migrated to Scotland, but returned to England soon after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. John Hodgson Hinde, in the Archaeologia Aeliana of February 1865, held that he was a native of Newcastle-on-Tyne, the son of Charles Horsley, a member of the Tailors' Company of the town. David Boyd Haycock writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography comments that none of the suggestions made for Horsley's background is verifiable.
He was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle and at Edinburgh University, where he graduated MA on 29 April 1701. There is evidence that he "was settled in Morpeth as a Presbyterian minister as early as 1709." Hodgson, however, thought that up to 1721, at which time he was residing at Widdrington, "he had not received ordination, but preached as a licentiate."

## Educator

Horsley communicated to the Philosophical Transactions notes on the rainfall at Widdrington in the years 1722 and 1723. At Morpeth Horsley opened a private school, attracting pupils irrespective of religious connection, among them Newton Ogle, later dean of Winchester. He gave lectures on mechanics and hydrostatics in Morpeth, Alnwick and Newcastle, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 23 April 1730, or in May, 1729.

## Death

Horsley died of apoplexy on 12 January 1732, on the eve of the publication of the Britannia Romana, and was buried in Morpeth.

## Family

He married Anne Hamilton daughter of Rev William Hamilton, minister of Cramond near Edinburgh and later Principal of Edinburgh University.

## Works

It is as an archaeologist and antiquarian that Horsley is now known. His major work, Britannia Romana, or The Roman Antiquities of Britain was published in 1732. One of Horsley's achievements in this book was to identify for the first time which legions of the Roman army were stationed in Britain. There was in the British Museum a copy with notes by John Ward.
He also published two sermons and a handbook to his lectures on mechanics, etc., and projected a history of Northumberland and Durham, collections for which were found among his papers.
# Stigmella morivora

Stigmella morivora is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Hirano in 2010. It is known from Japan (Honshū).
The larvae feed on Morus bombycis. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Tuulos (surname)

Tuulos is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kalle Tuulos (1930–2001), Finnish figure skater
* Vilho Tuulos (1895–1967), Finnish triple jumper, uncle of Kalle
# Charles A. Pomeroy

Charles A. Pomeroy (December 20, 1914 – December 28, 1993), of Windham, Maine, was a justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from July 2, 1969 to January 1, 1980.

## Early life, education, and military service

Born in Auburn, Maine, Pomeroy attended Edward Little High School. and received a J.D. from Columbus School of Law in Washington, D.C., in 1936. Returning to Maine, he "practiced in the Lewiston firm of Brann & Isaacson" with former Governor Louis J. Brann until 1943, and thereafter served as Auburn city solicitor.
In February 1944, Pomeroy was inducted into the United States Navy to serve in World War II, spending two years in the Pacific Theatre. Upon his return, he practiced law in Portland, Maine, and in 1949 was named a referee in bankruptcy.

## Judicial service and later life

In 1956, Governor Edmund Muskie appointed Pomeroy to the Maine Superior Court, and in 1956 Governor Kenneth M. Curtis elevated Pomeroy to a seat on the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. Pomeroy retired from the court in 1980, and was thereafter the first chairman of Maine's Indian Tribal-State Commission, created the same year.

## Personal life and death

Pomeroy married Arlene Currier, also of Auburn, with whom he had two sons and two daughters.
In 1991, he moved to Orlando, Florida, where he died at Winter Park Memorial Hospital two years later, at the age of 79.
# Gegeneophis seshachari

Gegeneophis seshachari, the Seshachari's caecilian, is a species of caecilian found in the Western Ghats of India. It is only known from its type locality Dorle village, Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra.
# Estimated pore pressure

Estimated pore pressure, as used in the oil industry and mud logging, is an approximation of the amount of force that is being exerted into the borehole by fluids or gases within the formation that has been penetrated.
In the oil industry, estimated pore pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi), but is converted to equivalent mud weight and measured in pounds per gallon (lb/gal) to more easily determine the amount of mud weight required to prevent the fluid or gas from escaping and causing a blowout or wellbore failure.
# Winkin', Blinkin' and Nod: The Kapp Recordings

Winkin', Blinkin' and Nod: The Kapp Recordings is a remastered compilation CD released by Geffen Records, and distributed on-line by Hip-O-Select, released in 2006.
It contains all 25 songs from the Simon Sisters' first two albums for Kapp Records: Meet the Simon Sisters (1964) and Cuddlebug (1966). A limited edition release, only 4,000 of these CDs were printed, and then it went out of print. A 12-page booklet was included, with extensive liner notes written by Carly Simon, along with several photographs of the duo.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

All songs adapted and arranged by Carly and Lucy Simon; except where indicated.

## Personnel

* Vocals: Lucy Simon, Carly Simon
* Compilation Produced by Mike Ragogna
* Executive Producer: Pat Lawrence
* Mastered by Erick Labson @ Universal Mastering Studios — North Hollywood, CA
* Editorial Assistance: Barry Korkin
* Tape Research: Randy Aronson
* Product Manager: Heather Whitten
* Art Director / Production Manager: Michele Horie
* Design: Greg Ross for Orabor
* Photo Coordinator: Ryan Null
* Photos: Peter Simon
# Travon Broadway Jr.

Travon Marcel Broadway Jr. (born December 2, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for Newcastle Eagles of the British Basketball League. He played college basketball for the St. Petersburg Titans, the Iowa Western CC Reivers, and the Central Michigan Chippewas.

## High school career

Broadway attended Coral Springs Christian Academy, playing under coach Gavin Felix. He averaged 20.8 points, 3.1 assists and 7.2 rebounds per game as a senior and was named to the 2016 All-Broward County second team. Broadway did a postgraduate season at Washington Academy in Greenville, North Carolina.

## College career

Broadway played for St. Petersburg College during his freshman season and averaged 14.2 points and 6.1 rebounds per game. He subsequently played his sophomore season for Iowa Western Community College. As a sophomore, he averaged 16.6 points and 4.3 rebounds per game. Following the season, Broadway transferred to Central Michigan. He averaged 7.1 points and 2.8 rebounds per game as a junior. As a senior, Broadway averaged 17.9 points, 5.4 rebounds, and 1.8 assists per game. His season was cut short by injuries and he chose not to take advantage of the additional year of eligibility granted by the NCAA due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Professional career

On July 22, 2021, Broadway signed his first professional contract with KK TFT of the Macedonian First League. He averaged 9.8 points, 3.5 rebounds, and 1.4 steals per game. On January 3, 2022, Broadway signed with KK Kožuv.

## Career statistics
### College
#### NCAA Division I

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2019–20 | Central Michigan | 32 | 14 | 20.7 | .388 | .312 | .658 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .1 | 7.1 |
| 2020–21 | Central Michigan | 18 | 18 | 29.9 | .465 | .370 | .720 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 1.7 | .1 | 17.9 |
| Career | Career | 50 | 32 | 24.0 | .429 | .340 | .695 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .1 | 11.0 |

#### JUCO

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2017–18 | St. Petersburg | 28 | 10 | 23.8 | .467 | .279 | .761 | 6.1 | 1.7 | 2.1 | .1 | 14.2 |
| 2018–19 | Iowa Western CC | 30 | 28 | 19.5 | .450 | .311 | .733 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 1.7 | .2 | 16.6 |
| Career | Career | 58 | 38 | 21.6 | .458 | .299 | .745 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 1.9 | .1 | 15.4 |
# Stephen Powell

Stephen Powell (born 7 September 1976) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League (AFL).
A journeyperson in the AFL, Powell made his debut with the Western Bulldogs as a 20-year-old in 1997. He quickly became known as a player whose hardness and aggression at the ball was invaluable, continuing this role as the Bulldogs reached preliminary finals in 1997 and 1998. Surprisingly, at the end of 1999 he was traded went to the Melbourne Football Club much to the dismay of Bulldogs fans, where he immediately became a major contributor in helping them reach a Grand Final in 2000. Despite a bad loss, he was a shining light on the day and the Demons. Powell polled strongly in their Best and Fairest at the end of the year. He missed all of 2001 with a nearly career ending groin injury. 2002 saw him return to play, and he returned to fine form. At the end of the season, protracted contract negotiations saw him nominate to leave the club through the pre-season draft, this time to the St Kilda Football Club.
His experience at the Saints was invaluable to their young and developing list, and he was an often underrated player in a midfield that included stars such as Lenny Hayes, Robert Harvey and Nick Dal Santo Such was his contribution that season, he finished third in the Trevor Barker Award .
Powell to play in St Kilda's 2004 Wizard Home Loans Cup winning side.
In 2005, however, Powell's career hit a hurdle. Returning from injury in Round 9 he never quite reached the level of consistency of 2003, and lack of pace then became an issue, although he was a regular first team member. At the end of the year there were doubts about the future of the just-turned-29 Powell, but he later signed a one-year contract, meaning a sharp downward turn in speed and form limited Powell's chances.
2006 was Powell's last season of football, playing only 10 matches and announcing his retirement, in September, a week after St Kilda's exit from the 2006 AFL Finals Series.
# Tuulo Samakaab

Tuulo Samakaab or Tuula Samakaab is a village in the Sool Region, currently under the control of Khatumo State forces.
It is situated in the middle of the road connecting Guumays and Las Anod. Furthermore, it serves as the starting point of the road that connects to the Buhoodle District.

## History

In August 2016, Somaliland President Silanyo visited Tuulo Samakaab and participated in the groundbreaking ceremony for the mother and child care center.
In June 2017, the Governor of Sool notified to the IDP camp residents to relocate from Kaamamka Dhiirigoob, Ceelmidgaan, Siixawle, and Kalberdaale to their previous residence, Yagori, Tuulo Samakaab, and Adhi'adeye, in accordance with an order from the Ministry of Interior.
In January 2018, Somaliland forces built new bases in Dabataag and Tuulo Samakaab to attack Khatumo forces.
In November 2018, Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi attended the project launch ceremony in Tuulo Samakaab.
In August 2019, reconstruction work began on the road between Tuulo Samakaab and Adhi'adeye, which was damaged by heavy rains.
In January 2020, Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi announced in his New Year's State of the Nation address that major repairs had been made to the roads connecting Las Anod, Tuula-Samakaab, and Adhi'adeye. The President said the same thing in his February speech to Parliament.
In October 2020, road construction began connecting Tuula Smakaab, Widhwidh and Goonle was started. Tuulo Smakaab is located in the middle of the main road that passes through the center of Somaliland and the Sool region, and when completed, this road will provide convenient transportation from the center of Somaliland to the Buhoodle District.
Tuulo Samakaab was captured on August 25, 2023, by Khatumo State forces after successfully displacing Somaliland forces from Las Anod.
# Eucalyptus argutifolia

Eucalyptus argutifolia, commonly known as Wabling Hill mallee or Yanchep mallee, is a mallee that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rare species with smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cylindrical to conical cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus argutifolia is a mallee that grows to a height of about 4 m (10 ft) with smooth grey or pale copper-coloured bark. Leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are egg-shaped to more or less round, 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) long, 30–55 mm (1–2 in) wide, glossy green and have a petiole. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, 73–120 mm (2.9–4.7 in) long and 12–30 mm (0.5–1 in) wide on a petiole 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long. The adult leaves are the same glossy green on both sides. Leaves intermediate between juvenile and adult are also usually present. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven or nine on a thick peduncle 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel up to 5 mm (0.2 in) long or absent. Mature buds are oval, 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a rounded operculum 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) and about the same width as the floral cup. The flowers are white and appear in the autumn (March to April in areas where they occur naturally) and are followed by fruit that are cylindrical to conical or cup-shaped, 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) long and 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus argutifolia was first formally described in 1992 by Peter Grayling and Ian Brooker from a specimen that was collected at Parrot Ridge near Yanchep in 1987. The description was published in the journal Nuytsia. The specific epithet (argutifolia) is derived from the Latin words argutus meaning "clear", "bright" or "sharp"$^{:100}$ and folium meaning "leaf",$^{:466}$ referring to the shiny adult leaves of this species.
It is placed in the Eucalyptus sub-genus Symphyomyrtus, section Dumaria, series Rufispermae.

## Distribution and habitat

Wabling Hill mallee occurs naturally on Wabling Hill and Parrot Ridge to the north of Yanchep and to the south of Seabird on shallow soils of limestone ridges, on slopes and in gullies.

## Conservation

This eucalypt is classified as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). The main threats to the species include mining activities, inappropriate fire regimes, grazing and weed invasion.
# Winkie, South Australia

Winkie is a locality in South Australia, around 11 km southwest of the Riverland town of Berri, and around the same distance southeast of Barmera. It is close to the Murray River, which passes through Berri.
Originally part of Cobdogla Station, marked on early maps as Wink Wink Paddock. The name may mean "river flats". The area was surveyed and channelled during 1911–13 as part of the Berri Irrigation Area. Being extended for soldier settlement after World War 1. In the 1950s there were plans to establish a residential township area, which did not eventuate.
# Victorian ash

Victorian ash can refer to the wood of either of the trees Eucalyptus regnans or Eucalyptus delegatensis, when it is sourced from the Australian state of Victoria. The same wood sourced from Tasmania is called Tasmanian oak. It is the most common (wood-based) building material used in Australia. Most furniture in Australia (up to 70%) is made of Victorian Ash.
# George Washington Bethune

George Washington Bethune (March 18, 1805 – April 28, 1862) was a preacher-pastor in the Dutch Reformed Church.

## Life and career

Of Huguenot descent, his father was Divie Bethune, a highly successful merchant in New York. Originally a student at Columbia College of Columbia University, Bethune graduated in 1822 from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania and went on to study theology at Princeton University. He married Mary Williams in November, 1825.
In 1827, he was appointed Pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church, Rhinebeck, New York. In 1830, he moved to Utica, New York; in 1834 to Philadelphia; and in 1850 to Brooklyn Heights, NY. He was offered the chaplaincy of the U.S. Military Academy, the Chancellorship of New York University and the Provostship of University of Pennsylvania, all of which he declined.
In 1839, Bethune was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
He was an outspoken Democrat in politics, opposed to slavery but unsympathetic to abolitionism.
Due to his Calvinist ideas about the unsuitability of such a hobby for a clergyman, Bethune, an avid fisherman, worked anonymously on five of the US editions of Izaak Walton's The Compleat Angler under the pseudonym The American Editor.
He also wrote many hymns, some of which are still used today. One popular hymn he wrote is "There is no Name so Sweet on Earth." The hymn "When Time Seems Short and Death is Near" was found in his portfolio and was written on April 27, 1862, the day before his death.
While visiting Florence, Italy for his health, he fell ill after preaching and died of a stroke on April 27, 1862. His Life and Letters were edited by A. R. Van Nest, 1867.

## Published works

* The Fruits of the Spirit (1839)
* Sermons (1847)
* Lays of Love and Faith (1847)
* The Complete Angler (Isaac Walton), first American edition (1847)
* The British Female Poets (1848)
* Orations and Discourses (1850)
* Expository Lectures on the Heidelberg Catechism (1864) 2 vols.
# John Jellett

John Jellett may refer to:
* John Hewitt Jellett, Irish mathematician
* John Holmes Jellett, British civil engineer
# Paradiaptomus excellens

Paradiaptomus excellens is a species of copepod in the family Diaptomidae. It is endemic to South Africa.
# Charles Cocks

Charles Cocks may refer to:
* Charles Cocks, 1st Baron Somers (1725–1806), British politician; Member of Parliament for Reigate
* Charles Cocks (1646–1727), British Member of Parliament for Droitwich and Worcester
# Geastrum albonigrum

Geastrum albonigrum is an inedible species of mushroom belonging to the genus Geastrum, or earthstar genus. It is found in Costa Rica and Mexico. G. albonigrum can be distinguished from superficially similar species G. coronatum and G. lloydianum by the presence of a rhizomorph on its exoperidium.