OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tourism in South Ossetia

Tourism in the breakaway state of the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, widely recognised internationally as being part of Georgia, is rare. It is illegal to enter South Ossetia under Georgian law. However, South Ossetia remains accessible through Russia via the South Ossetia–Russia border. Non-Russian citizens are required to hold a valid Russian visa that permits them to return to Russia, unless they are citizens of countries that are exempt from Russian visa requirements. Visitors, unless they hold a South Ossetian passport or are from an exempt country, such as Russia, are required to receive approval from the South Ossetian government in advance of their visit.

## Visas

South Ossetia does not issue visas, with visitors being required to receive approval from the South Ossetian government in advance of their visit. However, as South Ossetia is only accessible through Russia, non-Russian citizens are required to hold a valid Russian visa that permits them to return to Russia, unless they are citizens of countries that are exempt from Russian visa requirements.

## Tourist attractions and tours

South Ossetia, located in the South Caucasus, occupies part of the southern Caucasus Mountains, including the Keli Highland, which is a popular natural attraction among tourists to the state. Religious tourism is also popular, with South Ossetia having many old Christian churches, some dating back to the 9th century—the Bieti Monastery, Eredvi basilica, Tigva Monastery, Tiri Monastery and Tsirkoli church of the Mother of God are inscribed on the list of Georgia's Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance.
The tourism industry remains underdeveloped. However, several efforts to develop tourism have been made since 2010. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which saw the cancellation of international flights, the number of Russian tourists visiting South Ossetia domestically increased significantly. Between 2011 and 2020, Caucasus Explorer organised 28 tours in South Ossetia for Russians and other foreign tourists.
* Tsirkoli church of the Mother of God
* Tiri Monastery

## Travel advisories

As South Ossetia is widely recognised as being part of Georgia, several countries have issued warnings against travelling to the breakaway state. The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom advises against all travel to South Ossetia, due to the British government not recognising the state as independent and considering the region to be unstable. The United States' Bureau of Consular Affairs also advises against all travel, claiming "Attacks, criminal incidents, and kidnappings have occurred in and around the areas."
# Helmholtzia glaberrima

Helmholtzia glaberrima, commonly referred to as stream lily, is a rhizomatous perennial plant which is native to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.
Stream lilies have long, dark-green strap-like leaves and form clumps that are up to 2 metres high. The tall flower spikes, which appear in the summer, are white or pale pink.
They occur in and the McPherson Range and nearby areas of rainforest along creeks and gullies.
The species was first formally described by English botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker in The Botanical Magazine in 1873. He gave it the name Philydrum glaberrimum. The species was transferred to the genus Helmholtzia in 1881.
# Pandanus glaucocephalus

Pandanus glaucocephalus is a species of plant in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to Mauritius.

## Description

A low (6-8m), branching tree. The 20 cm-wide trunk is grey, and bears only a few stilt-roots (or none at all), near the base of the stem. The leaves are slender and pale green. Leaf margins are lined with very tiny pale, yellow-brown spines. The leaf midrib also has spines, but not near the base. In its shape and growth form, this species most resembles the related Pandanus barkleyi.
This species is most easily distinguished by its 17–20 cm, globose, glaucous, blue-grey fruit-head. This is born on a short, fat stem, with long, slender, leaf-like bracts that extend further than the fruit-head. Each fruit-head holds 35-45 compressed or irregularly angled drupes. The drupes' exposed parts are raised and conical, with flattened or depressed tips, covered in cracks and scattered stigmas.

## Habitat

The Pandanus glaucocephalus is endemic to Mauritius, and grows in exposed, isolated patches in the highlands. It sometimes spreads vegetatively, rather than through seed. The leaf tufts can cause longer branches to break off and root on the ground where they fall. This can lead to large clumps forming.
# Chapuis-Dornier

Chapuis-Dornier was a French manufacturer of proprietary engines for automobiles from 1904 to 1928 in Puteaux near Paris. Between 1919 and 1921 it displayed a prototype automobile, but it was never volume produced.

## Engine manufacture

Chapuis-Dornier engines were used by cyclecars such as:
* Able
* A.S. (Voiturettes Automobiles A.S)
* Autocrat
* Towarzystwo Budowy Samochodów AS
* Benjamin
* B.N.C. (Bollack Netter and Co)
* Costruzioni Automobili Riuniti [de]
* Compagnie Générale des Voitures à Paris [de]
* Corre La Licorne
* Delage
* Derby (French car)
* Doriot, Flandrin & Parant (D.F.P.)
* Dupressoir [de]
* Fabbrica Automobili Officine Trubetzkoy [de]
* Automobiles Favier [de]
* J. Depreux [de]
* Fox, (article)
* Verza Automobili G.A.R. [de]
* Gardahaut [de]
* Gobron-Brillié
* G.N.L. (Newey)
* Gordon Newey
* I.E.N.A. (Industria Economica Nazionale Automobili di Tommasi & Rizzi)
* Automobiles Induco
* Kevah (Kévah)
* La Gazelle [de]
* Le Gui [de]
* Le Roll [de]
* E. Louvet [de]
* Automobiles Madou [de]
* Société A. Marguerite [de]
* Marshall-Arter [de]
* Officine Meccanica Giuseppe Meldi [de]
* Automobiles M.S. [de]
* Automobiles O. P. [de]
* Patri [de]
* Rabœuf [de]
* Automobiles Rally
* Reyrol [de]
* Sidéa [de] (Société Industrielle des Automobiles Sidéa)
* Società Automobili e Motori [de] (SAM)
* Sénéchal (automobile)
* S.P.A.G. [de]
* Paul Speidel [de; nl]
* S.U.P. [de]
* Société des Travaux Mécaniques et Automobiles [de] (TAM)
* F. Dumoulin [de] (Tic-Tac)
* Tuar (automobile) (Tuar)
* Cyclecars Vaillant [de]
* SA des Voiturettes et Cyclecars [de] (Zévaco)

## Automobile manufacture

Between 1919 and 1921 Chapuis-Dornier displayed a prototype automobile at the Paris salons, equipped with a 3-litre, four cylinder engine, but this never resulted in volume production.
# Gaohu, Jiangxi

Gaohu (Chinese: 高湖; pinyin: Gāohú; lit. 'high lake') is a town of Jing'an County in northwestern Jiangxi province, China, located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the county seat. As of 2018, it has one residential community (社区), 7 villages, and a forest area under its administration.
# Eubothrium

Eubothrium is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Triaenophoridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Eubothrium acipenserinum (Cholodkovsky, 1918) Dogiel & Bychowsky, 1939
* Eubothrium arcticum Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium parvum Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922
* Eubothrium tulipai Ching & Andersen, 1983
* Eubothrium vittevitellatus Mamaev, 1968
# Willie du Plessis

Willie du Plessis may refer to:
* Willie du Plessis (rugby union, born 1955), a South African international rugby union player
* Willie du Plessis (rugby union, born 1990), a South African rugby union player
# SGSV

SGSV may refer to:
* Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a secure seedbank on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen
* Samsung Galaxy S5, an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics
# George London

George London may refer to:
* George London (bass-baritone) (1920–1985), American operatic bass-baritone
* George London (landscape architect) (died 1714), English nurseryman and garden designer
* George London (colonial administrator) (1889–1957), British colonial administrator
# John J. Farrell

John J. Farrell (1872 – July 22, 1946) was the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Minnesota in 1917 and president of the National Creamery Buttermakers' Association. By 1921 he was the secretary of National Dairy Products. He was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate in the United States Senate elections of 1924 for senator from Minnesota. He was the Minnesota Democratic state chair in 1931.

## Biography

He was born in 1872 in Ohio to Daniel Farrell and Mary Guyton, both Irish immigrant parents. They migrated to Minnesota in 1886. He married in August 1901 Mabel Sanborn of Faribault, Minnesota, a daughter of W. N. Sanborn.
By 1917 he was the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Minnesota and president of the National Creamery Buttermakers' Association.
By 1921 he was the secretary of National Dairy Products Committee. In 1924, he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for U.S. Senator from Minnesota.
He died on July 22, 1946, in South Harbor Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "John J. Farrell". Compendium of History and Biography of Carver and Hennepin Counties, Minnesota. Archived from the original on 2015-08-31. Retrieved 2015-01-21.
* 1 2 "John J. Farrell". Sunday Oregonian. January 14, 1917. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
* 1 2 "John J. Farrell". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
* ↑ "John J. Farrell, Secretary of the National Dairy Products Committee". Butter Cheese and Egg Journal. 1921. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
Party political offices :
| Preceded byJames A. Carley | Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Minnesota (Class 2) 1924 | Succeeded byEinar Hoidale |
# Heisei Chikuhō Railway

The Heisei Chikuho Railway Co. Ltd. (平成筑豊鉄道株式会社) is a third-sector operator of four railway lines in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The railway's nickname is Heichiku.

## Principal investors

Fukuoka Prefecture holds 27.5% of the stock in the railway. The cities of Tagawa, Nōgata, and Yukuhashi hold 14.8%, 6.6%, and 6.6% each.

## Lines

* Ita Line (16.1 km) - The Nogata to Kaneda section opened in 1893, and the Kaneda to Tagawa-Ita section in 1899. The line was double-tracked in 1911, and freight services ceased in 2004.
* Itoda Line (6.8 km) - The Tagawa-Gotoji to Itoda section opened in 1897 to haul coal and the Itoda to Kaneda section opened in 1929 to service a cement plant.
* Tagawa Line (26.3 km) - The entire Tagawa-Ita to Yukuhashi line opened in 1895.
* Mojikō Retro Kankō Line (2.1 km) - The Mojiko to Moji Harbour line opened in 1929, and freight services ceased in 2004. Despite a significant landslide in 2006, the line was reopened as a tourist line in 2009.
The Mojikō Retro Kankō Line is classified as a "specific purpose railway business" (特定目的鉄道事業, tokutei mokuteki tetsudō jigyō) under the Railway Business Act of Japan as it does not purport to transport daily passengers or freight. Heisei Chikuhō Railway operates trains as Category 2 operator (as defined in the Act, see "Rail transport in Japan" for details) on the track owned by the city of Kitakyūshū as Category 3 operator.

## Rolling stock

As of 1 April 2016, the railway operates a fleet of 12 single-car 400 series diesel railcars (numbered 401 to 412) and one 500 series diesel railcar (numbered 501).
* 400 series DMU car 401 in August 2007
* 400 type diesel train 401 + 402 "Coto Coto Train"
* 500 series DMU car 501 in March 2008
* Former Hitachinaka Seaside Railway KiHa 2004 in December 2016
In 2016, the railway purchased former KiHa 2000 series diesel rail car KiHa 2004 from the Hitachinaka Seaside Railway in Ibaraki Prefecture, which was withdrawn from service in December 2015. In 2019, the Coto Coto Train started as a new touristic service in the Fukuoka Prefecture.

### Former rolling stock

* 100 series DMU car 106 in December 2007
* 200 series DMU car in December 2007
* 300 series DMU car 304 in March 2008
The former 300 series DMU cars operated by the railway were withdrawn December 2010. Car 303 was shipped to Myanmar, and car 304 is retained in operating condition for use on special driving days by members of the general public.

## History

The company was founded on April 26, 1989. On October 1, 1989 it assumed the operations of its three lines, which were formerly part of the JR Kyushu network.
On April 26, 2009 the company started the operation of the Mojikō Retro Kankō Line, a short railway for tourists in Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū.
# Two Old Friends

Two Old Friends is the fifty-second studio album by Merle Haggard and Albert E. Brumley, Jr, son of gospel legend and songwriter Albert E. Brumley. It was released in 1999.

## Reception

AllMusic's review stated "Backed by Haggard's crack touring band, the pair work their way through compositions... with the immediacy and warmth of a back-porch jam session."

## Track listing

* "There's a Road Down the Road" (Albert E. Brumley, Jr., Dale Vest) – 2:13
* "Victory in Jesus" (Eugene Bartlett) – 2:33
* "The Old Drover's Prayer" (Brumley, Jr.) – 2:17
* "If You See a Change in Me" (Merle Haggard) – 3:15
* "I Dreamed I Met Mother and Daddy" (Brumley, Jr., Kay Hively) – 3:12
* "I'll Fly Away" (Albert E. Brumley) – 3:04
* "Old Rugged Shoes" (Haggard) – 3:21
* "Marching Over Jordan" (Brumley, Jr., Hively) – 2:49
* "Someday He'll Whisper My Name" (Haggard) – 4:03
* "Everybody Knows" (Brumley, Jr., Hively) – 2:37
* "I'll Meet You in the Morning" (Brumley) – 3:19

## Personnel

* Merle Haggard – vocals, guitar, fiddle
* Norm Hamlet – dobro, pedal steel guitar
* Don Markham – trumpet
* Bonnie Owens – harmony vocals
* Albert Brumley, Jr. – vocals
* Doug Colosio – keyboards, piano
* Eddie Curtis – bass
* Abe Manuel, Jr. – accordion, fiddle, guitar
* Randy Mason – drums
* Redd Volkaert – guitar
* Floyd Domino - piano
# Chanmaguri

Chanmaguri (Sonmaguri in ancient times, Chanmaguri in the modern era) is a village in India and is located in the Rangia mandal/tehsil, Kamrup district, Assam. Rangia is the nearest town (12 km) and Guwahati is the nearest city (30 km) from Chanmaguri.

## Etymology

In ancient times the village was known as Sonmaguri. Sonmaguri derives its name from the Assamese words meaning gold and meaning one type of rice, golden colour rice (Paddy). After the revolution of time, Sonmaguri changed to Chanmaguri.

## Agriculture

Coordinates of Chanmaguri village are 26°04′49″N, 91°33′35″E/ 26.0802867°N, 91.5596117°E. Various types of plants are cultivated in this village but mainly produced various types of rice, vegetables, oil, etc.

## Climate

Chanmaguri has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), falling just short of a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The average annual temperature is 24.2 °C with extremes ranging from 40.6 °C recorded on 24 April 2014 to 3 °C recorded in January, 1964.

## Transport

Chanmaguri is accessible through National Highway 31 and Hajo-Guwahati State Highway. All major private commercial vehicles play between Chanmaguri and nearby towns. Nearest Railway station are Rangia Railway station and Guwahati Railway station.
# Veteran Bandit

Veteran Bandit (or The Veteran Bandit) is a UK-based team of volunteers who raise both money and awareness for a wide variety of Armed Forces charities through roadshow appearances, fundraising events and information and publicity generated on their own website and via social media.

## History

Veteran Bandit, which is not a charity itself, was formed in June 2011 by former RAF servicemen and their families – all long-time fundraisers. The team came together as a response to the death in Afghanistan of a close family friend, Private Dean Hutchinson, 23, of the Royal Logistic Corps based at Buckley Barracks, Hullavington (formally RAF Hullavington).

## Organisation and main activities

Veteran Bandit now comprises a core group of nine individuals across Britain who support the efforts of various Forces charities and individual fundraisers. The team is particularly active in publicising events and collating and distributing information via Twitter and Facebook.
Using two customised Suzuki Bandit motorcycles, the group also attend shows and fundraising events in order to provide information and support to the general public and to veterans and their families. One-off fundraising activities have included biker meets and the organisation of a mass skydive at Shotton Airfield, near Peterlee, County Durham to raise money for RAF Association (RAFA), a charity supporting veterans of air forces of the Commonwealth.
# Eucamptognathus foveatus

Eucamptognathus foveatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Jeannel in 1948.
# Winnisquam

Winnisquam may refer to a location in New Hampshire, the United States:
* Lake Winnisquam
* Winnisquam, New Hampshire, a village named after the lake
* Winnisquam Regional High School, in Tilton, New Hampshire
# SNCASO SO.3050

The SNCASO SO.3050 was a two seat light touring aircraft that was designed and built in France towards the end of World War II. Only one was completed and that was soon abandoned.

## Design and development

The SO.3050 was designed in occupied France during World War II and was the first French two seat tourer to fly after the Liberation. It was a conventional low wing cantilever monoplane of all metal construction. It was powered by a 104 kW (140 hp) Renault 4Pei air-cooled inverted four cylinder inline engine. Pilot and passenger sat side by side under multipart glazing which ran rearwards into the raised upper fuselage. This raised region dropped away towards the tail, where the tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage. The vertical tail was straight edged but with a broad rounded top and a curved fillet to merge it into the fuselage. The tourer had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with faired legs and spats; the tailwheel castored.
The first flight took place on 13 March 1945 from Bordeaux-Merignac, piloted by Fernand Lefebre. During flight testing, the aircraft demonstrated acceptable handling characteristics other than poor stall behavior when landing. Despite the stall problems, the aircraft was granted an airworthiness certificate. No production followed, but the prototype continued in use for several years, being used as a chase plane for early test flights of the SNCASO SO.8000 Narval fighter.

## Specifications

Data from Gaillard (1990) p.38, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947
General characteristics
* Crew: One pilot
* Capacity: One passenger
* Length: 7.08 m (23 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
* Height: 2.30 m (7 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 10.5 m$^2$ (113 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 556 kg (1,226 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 835 kg (1,841 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 110 L (29 US gal; 24 imp gal) fuel; 10 L (2.6 US gal; 2.2 imp gal) oil
* Powerplant: 1 × Renault 4Pei air-cooled inverted 4 cylinder inline, 100 kW (140 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed Merville
Performance
* Maximum speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
* Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Range: 700 km (430 mi, 380 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
* Rate of climb: 4.5 m/s (890 ft/min)
* Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 4 minutes
* Power/mass: 8 kg/kW (13.2 lb/hp)
# George Roland

George Roland (1881-1961) was a Yiddish language film director and editor of the 1930s.

## Biography
### Early life

George was born in the Russian Empire on June 30, 1881. His exact birthplace, education or early life are poorly documented. Earlier in his life he sometimes went by the name George Kohn Roland or George Rolands.

### Film career

According to various government documents, George was already working as a director in the film industry during the First World War. However, there is little documentation of what he was directing until the early 1930s.
Roland used innovative techniques of re-cutting and re-editing existing films for many of his 1930s works. His first film, 1932's Joseph in the Land of Egypt, was created by careful re-editing of a 1914 Italian film Joseph in Egypt, with a new beginning and ending filmed by Roland. He followed the film with another re-cut work, Yidishe Tokhter, which involved new narration and scenes filmed around a 1921 German film, Judith Trachtenberg. And then, in 1933's Avrom Ovino (Abraham our Patriarch AKA The Wandering Jew), he cut together various short Bible films with new narrations and scenes set in Nazi Germany, and then re-edited a 1924 Polish film Tkies Kaf by Zygmunt Turkow and released it as Dem Rebins Koyekh and A Vilna Legend. Despite the derivative nature of these films, The Wandering Jew in particular received positive coverage and praise for the quality of Jacob Ben-Ami's acting.
In 1936, Yiddish film pioneer Joseph Seiden hired Roland to join him to create a new round of films. Their first collaboration was Libe un Laydnshaft (Love and Passion or Love and Sacrifice).
However, it is unclear how long their collaboration lasted or how many more films Roland directed. In the 1940 census he listed his occupation as film editor.
Roland died in 1961.
Since his death, some of his films have been restored and re-released by the National Center for Jewish Film, including The Wandering Jew in 1999, A Vilna Legend in 1980 and again in 2002, and Love and Sacrifice in 2000.

## Filmography

* Joseph in the Land of Egypt (in English, 1932), with music by Israel J. Hochman
* Yidishe Tokhter (Jewish Daughter) (in Yiddish, 1933)
* Avrom Ovino (also released as The Wandering Jew and The Eternal Jew) (in Yiddish, 1933), starring Leibele Waldman
* Dem Rebins Koyekh AKA A Vilna Legend (in Yiddish, 1933)
* Liebe und Liegemshaft (Love and Sacrifice) (in Yiddish, 1936), starring Leibele Waldman, with music by Abe Schwartz
* Ikh vil zayn a Pansyoner (I want to be a Boarder) (short in Yiddish, 1936)
* Ikh vil zayn a Mame (I want to be a mother) (short in Yiddish, 1936)
* The Dybbuk (1938, in Yiddish) as editor, directed by Michael Waszynski
# Heisei College of Music

Heisei College of Music (平成音楽大学, Heisei ongaku daigaku) is a private university in Mifune, Kumamoto, Japan. The school was first established in 1972 as a junior college and became a four-year college in 2001.