OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Romance of the Jukebox

Romance of the Jukebox is the thirteenth studio album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature set for release in August 2018.
The album was supported by a "one night only" concert on 21 August 2018 at The Star in Sydney.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 2 |
# Tanarupi

Tanarupi (pronounced tānarūpi, meaning the one that embodies tanam) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 6th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Tanukeerti in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

## Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 1st chakra Indu. The mnemonic name is Indu-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra ga ma pa dhu nu. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₁ M₁ P D₃ N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₃ P M₁ G₁ R₁ S
The notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, shuddha gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Raghupriya, which is the 42nd melakarta rāgam.

## Asampurna Melakarta

Tanukeerti is the 6th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale and descending scale are different. It is an audava-vakra sampurna raga (5 notes in ascending scale, while full 7 are used in descending scale in a zig-zag manner).
* ārohaṇa: S R₁ M₁ P N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₃ N₃ P M₁ G₁ R₁ S

## Janya rāgams

Tanarupi has no janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for a full list of janya rāgams.

## Compositions

Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Tanarupi.
* Va velava va by Koteeswara Iyer
* Sri Ramam sada bajeham by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
The following composition is set to Tanukeerti.
* Chidambara natarajamurthim by Muthuswami Dikshitar

## Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Tanarupi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields no other melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.
# John Tradescant the Younger

John Tradescant the Younger ( /trəˈdɛskənt/; 4 August 1608 – 22 April 1662), son of John Tradescant the Elder, was a botanist and gardener. The standard author abbreviation Trad. is applied to species he described.

## Biography

Son of John Tradescant the Elder, he was born in Meopham, Kent, and educated at The King's School, Canterbury. Like his father, who collected specimens and rarities on his many trips abroad, he undertook collecting expeditions to Virginia between 1628 and 1637 (and possibly two more trips by 1662, though Potter and other authors doubt this). Among the seeds he brought back to introduce to English gardens were great American trees including magnolias, bald cypress and tulip tree, and garden plants such as phlox and asters.
John Tradescant the Younger added his American acquisitions to the family's cabinet of curiosities, known as The Ark. These included the ceremonial cloak of Chief Powhatan, an important Native American relic. South Lambeth Road in Vauxhall was one of the boundaries of the Tradescant estate, where the collection was kept and Tradescant Road was laid out after the estate was built on in the 1870s and named after the family.
When his father died, he succeeded as head gardener to King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria, making gardens at the Queen's House, Greenwich, designed by Inigo Jones, from 1638 to 1642, when the queen fled the Civil War. He published the contents of his father's celebrated collection as Musaeum Tradescantianum—books, coins, weapons, costumes, taxidermy, and other curiosities—dedicating the first edition to the Royal College of Physicians (with whom he was negotiating for the transfer of his botanic garden), and the second edition to the recently restored Charles II. Tradescant bequeathed his library and museum to (or some say it was swindled from him by) Elias Ashmole (1617–1692), whose name it bears as the core of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford where the Tradescant collections remain largely intact.
Tradescant died on 22 April 1662, aged 53, in South Lambeth. He was buried beside his father in the churchyard of St. Mary-at-Lambeth which is now established as the Garden Museum.

## Legacy

He is the subject of the novel Virgin Earth by Philippa Gregory, sequel to Earthly Joys about his father. Tradescant is a character in Jeanette Winterson's novel "Sexing the Cherry."
The standard author abbreviation Trad. is applied to species he described.

## Marriages and issue

* Jane Hurte, died 1634
** John, died age 19
** Frances, married Alexander Norman
* Ester (Hester) Pooks

## Gallery

* Portrait by William Dobson, circa 1720
* Tradescant's House, Lambeth
* Ester, his second wife, by Thomas de Critz. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
# Pánuco minnow

The Pánuco minnow (Tampichthys catostomops) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Mexico.
# Embedded wafer level ball grid array

Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) is a packaging technology for integrated circuits. The package interconnects are applied on an artificial wafer made of silicon chips and a casting compound.
eWLB is a further development of the classical wafer level ball grid array technology (WLB or WLP: wafer level package). The main driving force behind the eWLB technology was to allow fanout and more space for interconnect routing.
All process steps for the generation of the package are performed on the wafer. This allows, in comparison to classical packaging technologies (e. g. ball grid array), the generation of very small and flat packages with excellent electrical and thermal performance at lowest cost. It is common for all WLB technologies, which are built on a silicon wafer, that the interconnects (typically solder balls) fit on the chip (so called fan-in design). Therefore only chips with a restricted number of interconnects can be packaged.
The eWLB technology allows the realization of chips with a high number of interconnects. The package is not created on a silicon wafer as for the classical wafer level package, but on an artificial wafer. Therefore a front-end-processed wafer is diced and the singulated chips are placed on a carrier. The distance between the chips can be chosen freely, but it is typically larger than on the silicon wafer. The gaps and the edges around the chips are now filled with a casting compound to form a wafer. After curing an artificial wafer containing a mold frame around the dies for carrying additional interconnect elements is created. After the build of the artificial wafer (the so-called reconstitution) the electrical connections from the chip pads to the interconnects are made in thin-film technology, as for any other classical wafer level package.
With this technology any number of additional interconnects can be realized on the package in an arbitrary distance (fan-out design). Therefore, this wafer level packaging technology can also be used for space sensitive applications, where the chip area wouldn’t be sufficient to place the required number of interconnects at a suitable distance. The eWLB technology was developed by Infineon, STMicroelectronics and STATS ChipPAC Ltd. First components were brought into market mid of 2009 (mobile phone).

## Process Steps

* Lamination of foil onto carrier (lamination tool)
* Chip placement onto wafer (pick and place tool)
* Molding (mold press)
* De-bonding of carrier (de-bonding tool)
* Flip reconstructed wafer
* Ball drop reflow and wafer test

## Advantages

* Low cost (package and test)
* Minimal lateral package size and height
* Excellent electrical and thermal properties
* Number of realizable interconnects on the package is not restricted
* High integration potential for multi-die- and stacked packages
* Upcoming package standard

## Disadvantages

* Inspection and repair difficult since visual inspection is restricted
* Mechanical stress between package and board is transmitted stronger than for other package technologies
# Subplate

The subplate, also called the subplate zone, together with the marginal zone and the cortical plate, in the fetus represents the developmental anlage of the mammalian cerebral cortex. It was first described, as a separate transient fetal zone by Ivica Kostović and Mark E. Molliver in 1974.
During the midfetal period of fetal development the subplate zone is the largest zone in the developing telencephalon. It serves as a waiting compartment for growing cortical afferents; its cells are involved in the establishment of pioneering cortical efferent projections and transient fetal circuitry, and apparently have a number of other developmental roles. The subplate zone is a phylogenetically recent structure and it is most developed in the human brain.
Subplate neurons (SPNs) are among the first generated neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex . These neurons disappear during postnatal development and are important in establishing the correct wiring and functional maturation of the cerebral cortex. Subplate neurons appear to be selectively sensitive to injury (such as hypoxia) which in humans are associated with motor and cognitive defects .
Subplate neurons are the first cortical neurons to receive synaptic inputs from thalamic axons, establishing a temporary link between thalamic axons and their final target in layer IV.. Later, thalamic axons invade layer IV where they innervate layer IV neurons. In the visual system thalamic axons to layer IV form ocular dominance columns and this segregation of thalamic axons is impaired if subplate neurons are missing .
# Vacuum insulated evaporator

A vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) is a form of pressure vessel that allows the bulk storage of cryogenic liquids including oxygen, nitrogen and argon for industrial processes and medical applications.
The purpose of the vacuum insulation is to prevent heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liquid, and surrounding atmosphere. Without functioning insulation, the stored liquid will rapidly warm and undergo a phase transition to gas, increasing significantly in volume and potentially causing a catastrophic failure to the vessel due to an increase in pressure. To combat such an event, VIEs are installed with a pressure safety valve.
To remain a liquid, the vessel contents must be kept at or below its critical temperature. The critical temperature of oxygen is −118 °C; above this temperature, applying more pressure will not result in a liquid, but rather a supercritical fluid.
# Vacuum level

In physics, the vacuum level refers to the energy of a free stationary electron that is outside of any material (it is in a perfect vacuum). It may be taken as infinitely far away from a solid, or, defined to be near a surface. Its definition and measurement are often discussed in ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy literature, for example As the vacuum level is a property of the electron and free space, it is often used as the level of alignment for the energy levels of two different materials. The vacuum level alignment approach may or may not hold due to details of the interface. It is particularly important in the design of vacuum device components such as cathodes.
If defined as being close to a surface, then the vacuum level is typically not a constant due to the equilibrium electric fields in vacuum. The value of the vacuum level depends on the surface chosen due to variations in work function.
The phrase "vacuum level" also occurs often in texts on squeezed light where it refers to an unsqueezed measurement. For example, "Thus, when the noise level in the spectrum analyzer shows broadband squeezing below the vacuum level, it also indicates the presence of entanglement between upper and lower sidebands." Note that the phrase "vacuum level" may also refer to a measurement of residual pressure in a vacuum system or a device that uses differential pressure such as a carburetor but this usage should be very clear from context.
# VAMP1

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP1 gene.

## Function

Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. VAMP1 is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Multiple alternative splice variants that encode proteins with alternative carboxy ends have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.

## Clinical significance

Homozygous mutations in VAMP1 have been identified in a series of children affected with a form of congenital myasthenic syndrome and similar presynaptic features in these patients and the knock-out VAMP1 mouse have been demonstrated.
VAMP1 expression has been linked to higher survival rates for lung cancer patients.

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "NicotineDopaminergic_WP1602".
# Vacuum valve

Vacuum valve may refer to:
* Trickle valve, a type of airlock
* Vacuum breaker, an anti-siphon valve
* Vacuum delay valve, an automobile component
* Vacuum tube, an electron tube or thermionic valve
* Vacuum interrupter, an electrical device acting similar to a circuit breaker, used in higher voltage applications
# Valle Benedetta

Valle Benedetta is a fraction of Livorno, Tuscany in Italy. It is situated in the Livorno Hills, near Poggio Lecceta at an altitude of approximately 320 metres (1,050 ft).

## History

In antiquity the area, inhospitable, wild, inhabited by wolves and frequented by bandits, was known, as certified by some documents of the first half of the XVI Century, as Valle d'Inferno (Valley of Hell). In the XVII Century the Vallombrosian Colombino Bassi, from Livorno, decided to establish a church intitulated to St. John Gualbert with annexed a monastery. Authorized by the grand duke Cosimo III de' Medici, he bought the land from the Pisan Francesco Lante. Cleared and levelled the land, on 20 May 1692 was laid the first stone. During the excavations notable archeological rests were found, including weapons, vases, coins and urns; they were donated to prince Ferdinando de' Medici. The complex, designed by architect Lorenzi from Livorno, was ultimated in 1697 and was entrusted to the Benedictine monks, from which the locality takes the current deniomination. In the meantime, in 1694, the road connecting Valle Benedetta with Livorno was opened, having been financed by a rich German merchant, Giovanni Antonio Huygens. Huygens also built a villa nearby, which has been destroyed during World War II. After he became Bishop of Pistoia and Prato, Bassi consecrated the Church on 5 June 1717. In 1742, Filippo Huygens, son of Giovanni Antonio, edificated some windmills not far from the Church, used for the grinding of grain produced in the region. In the same period Jewish merchant Angelo Visino, converted to Catholicism, build a house in the area established there with his family.

## Geography

The fraction is situated on the "Strada Provinciale 5 della Valle Benedetta" (Provincial Street 5, of Valle Benedetta), which connects the city of Livorno to Colognole, crossing the range of the Livorno Hills. It is served by public bus routes, managed by Autolinee Toscane.

## Places of interest

* Church of Saint John Gualbert
* Eremo di Santa Maria alla Sambuca
* Colognole aqueduct
# Valeriu Sterian

Valeriu (Vali) Sterian (Romanian pronunciation:; 21 September 1952, in Știubei, Buzău County – 16 September 2000, in Bucharest) was a Romanian folk and rock musician.

## Studies

He studied at the University of Bucharest and obtained a BA in psychology.

## Musical activity

Valeriu Sterian started as a drummer during secondary school in the music band Copiii Florilor (Flower Children). His official debut was in 1973 at the Ballads' Spring Festival (Festivalul Primavara Baladelor) (where he received the Best Song Award for the single Nopți (Nights). At that time he was performing with Carmen Marin as Vali și Carmen.
He played for many years within the Cenaclul Flacăra. In 1979 he founded a music band called Compania de Sunet (Sound Company), with which he toured all over the country and also in Bulgaria, Hungary, USSR, Poland, Norway, France, United Kingdom, and in the United States.
In 1993 he founded a record company called B'Inișor ("Pretty well"). He collaborated with other Romanian musicians, such as: Alexandru Andrieș, Nicu Alifantis, Doru Stănculescu, Maria Gheorghiu.

## Personal life

In 1999 he was involved in a road traffic accident on Gheorghe Magheru Avenue in Bucharest in which two people were killed. He was arrested on 4 October on suspicion of homicide and driving under the influence of alcohol.
Within a month he was bailed and died of cancer the following year.

## Discography

* Cu iubirea de moșie/Cântec de oameni – With the Love of Homeland/Song for People (single, Electrecord, 1977)
* Antirăzboinică – The Antiwar One (studio album, Electrecord, 1979)
* Veac XX – Century XX (studio album, Electrecord, 1982)
* Nimic fără oameni – Nothing Without Beings (studio album, Electrecord, 1989)
* Nopți – Nights (single, Norsk Plateproduksjon, Norway, 1990)
* Vino, Doamne! – Come Down, Saviour! (studio album, Compania de Sunet & Metropol Music, 1991)
* S-a votat Codul penal – The Criminal Law Is Now Enforced (studio album, Compania de Sunet & Eurostar, 1992)
* Evenimentul zilei... și altele – Daily News... and Much More (studio album, Compania de Sunet, 1994)
* Rugă – The Prayer (studio album, Compania de Sunet & Roton, 1998)
* The Very Best of Valeriu Sterian (compilation, Fundația Culturală Phoenix, 2000)
* Din darul magilor 5 – In memoriam Valeriu Sterian (tribute album/compilation, Fundația Culturală Phoenix, 2000)
* Muzică de colecție, Vol. 66 – Vali Sterian (compilation/reissue, Jurnalul Național, Compania de Sunet & Electrecord, 2008)
# Valeri Sarava

Valeriane "Valeri" Sarava (born January 16, 1978) is a retired male weightlifter from Georgia. He qualified for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he ended up in 16th place in the men's super heavyweight division (+ 105 kg). He stayed in Australia, took out Australian citizenship, and won a silver medal in the men's heavyweight division (105 kg) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Representing Australia |||||||||||||
| Commonwealth Games |||||||||||||
| 2006 | Melbourne, Australia | 105 kg | 142 | 147 | 150 | 2 | 180 | 183 | 195 | 2 | 333 | |
| Representing Georgia |||||||||||||
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2000 | Sydney, Australia | +105 kg | 170.0 | 170.0 | 177.5 | 18 | 210.0 | 215.0 | 220.0 | 15 | 385.0 | 16 |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 1999 | Athens, Greece | 105 kg | 162.5 | 162.5 | 162.5 | — | 200.0 | 210.0 | 210.0 | 24 | — | — |
| Junior World Championships |||||||||||||
| 1998 | Sofia, Bulgaria | 105 kg | 150.0 | 155.0 | 160.0 | 5 | 185.0 | 192.5 | 197.5 | 5 | 352.5 | 4 |
| 1995 | Warsaw, Poland | 91 kg | 140.0 | 145.0 | 150.0 | 8 | 170.0 | 175.0 | 180.0 | 11 | 325.0 | 10 |
# Valvata saulcyi

Valvata saulcyi is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Valvatidae. It is found in freshwater habitats of the Levant and Sicily.
The IUCN rates the conservation status of this species as least concern.
# VMG 1927

The VMG 1927 is a light machine gun designed by Heinrich Vollmer in 1927.
In 1916 Heinrich Vollmer began working on a design of a light machine gun. At the end the weapon was known as a MG Vollmer, later also as VMG 1927.
It consisted of only 78 parts while the standard MG of those days, the MG 08/15 consisted of 383 parts. It operated on the principle of short recoil with a rotary locking mechanism for the bolt, carried by helical grooves. It was fed from a small drum magazine underneath the receiver.
In 1927 Vollmer also obtained a patent covering the breech mechanism of the weapon. Later on, Vollmer co-developed the gun with Mauser Werke as the MV 31 (Mauser-Vollmer 1931). It was offered to the German ordnance board (Inspektion für Waffen und Gerät - IWG) but, after testing, it was not adopted for service. This gun had a quick-change barrel and used a drum magazine.
Two examples are known to exist, one is at the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung Koblenz and the other at the Vojenský historický ústav Praha.
# Vaniyappara

Vaniyappara is a small town surrounded by hills located at ayyankunnu grama panchayath in Kannur district in the state of Kerala, India. This is a naturally beautiful area with forests and streams.

## Demography

The population is mainly Travancore migrated people, and the town is surrounded by the hills of Western Ghats, located around 16 km from Iritty and 60 km from both the cities Kannur and Thalassery, in the state of Kerala, India. The place belongs to Ayyankunnu Grama Panchayat.

## Economy

The town's economy is based on agriculture such as rubber, coconut, and cashews. People in the area are mainly depending on these agricultural items.

## Churches and schools

This is a multicultural area. There are churches and temples close by, also schools and primary health centres. There is one catholic church and a Pentecostal church of the Assemblies of God in India.

## Transport

The national highway passes through Kannur town. Mangalore and Mumbai can be accessed towards the north and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed towards the south. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway stations are Kannur on Mangalore-Palakkad line. There is an opening awaited airport 30 km away at Mattannur. The other easily accessible airports include, Mangalore, Calicut, Cochin and Bangalore.
# Varacalli

Varacalli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ernest Varacalli (born 1944), American mobster
* Joseph A. Varacalli (born 1952), American sociologist
# Vatica guangxiensis

Vatica guangxiensis is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to China.
# Vario

Vario may refer to:

## People

* Paul Vario (1914–1988), high-ranking member of the Lucchese crime family
* João Vário (1937–2007), Cape Verdean writer, neurosurgeon, scientist, and professor
* Akhtar Ali Vario (died 2008), politician

## Technology

* MDA Vario, a version of the HTC Wizard smartphone
* Vario (Pokémon), a Pokémon Colosseum character
* Variometer, an aircraft flight instrument sometimes shortened to "vario"

## Other uses

* Mercedes-Benz Vario, a heavy van
* Vario (Savant album), an album by Savant