OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, supportive therapy, or palliative treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not the underlying cause. It is usually aimed at reducing the signs and symptoms for the comfort and well-being of the patient, but it also may be useful in reducing organic consequences and sequelae of these signs and symptoms of the disease. In many diseases, even in those whose etiologies are known (e.g., most viral diseases, such as influenza and Rift Valley fever), symptomatic treatment is the only treatment available so far.
For more detail, see supportive therapy. For conditions like cancer, arthritis, neuropathy, tendinopathy, and injury, it can be useful to distinguish treatments that are supportive/palliative and cannot alter the natural history of the disease (disease modifying treatments).

## Examples

Examples of symptomatic treatments:
* Analgesics, to reduce pain
* Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis
* Antitussives, for cough
* Antihistaminics (also known as antihistamines), for allergy
* Antipyretics, for fever
* Enemas for constipation
* Treatments that reduce unwanted side effects from drugs

## Uses

When the etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition) for the disease is known, then specific treatment may be instituted, but it is generally associated with symptomatic treatment, as well. When the etiology is unknown, then symptomatic treatment may be the only realistic option. Symptomatic treatments are often used to manage side effects, such as drug withdrawal syndromes.
Symptomatic treatment is not always recommended, and in fact, it may be dangerous, because it may mask the presence of an underlying etiology which will then be forgotten or treated with great delay. Examples:
* Low-grade fever for 15 days or more is sometimes the only symptom of bacteremia by staphylococcus bacteria. Suppressing it by symptomatic treatment will hide the disease from effective diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics. The consequence may be severe (rheumatic fever, nephritis, endocarditis, etc.)
* Chronic headache may be caused simply by a constitutional disposition or be the result of a brain tumor or a brain aneurysm.
Finally, symptomatic treatment is not exempt from adverse effects, and may be a cause of iatrogenic consequences (i.e., ill effects caused by the treatment itself), such as allergic reactions, stomach bleeding, central nervous system effects (nausea, dizziness, etc.).
# Charles Filgate

Charles Roden Filgate (16 October 1849 – 1 September 1930) was an Irish amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1869 to 1877 for Gloucestershire and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), where he was a member. Filgate represented Ireland in three matches between 1868 and 1871. He was a right-handed batsman who made 25 first-class career appearances. He scored 563 runs with a highest score of 93 and held 18 catches.
Filgate was the sixth and youngest son of William Filgate of Lissrenny (1781-1875), J.P., by his wife Sophia Juliana Penelope (1807-1866), eldest daughter of the Count De Salis. He married Clare, daughter of William Cooper, on 27 February 1906. He was educated at Cheltenham College and the Inner Temple (1869). In 1872, he was called to the Bar and became a member of the Oxford Circuit. A practising Barrister-at-Law, he lived for some time at The Terrace, Matlock Bank, Derbyshire, England, and had two children:
* William Alexander Jerome Filgate (12 Apr 1908-)
* Margaret Penelope Filgate (21 Jan 1910-)

## Some of his family

* His father, William Filgate (1781-1875) of Lissrenny, JP counties Louth and Monaghan, High Sheriff County Louth, 1832, and Treasurer of the (Louth) Grand Jury, 1854–69.
* His father.
* Mother
* His father on a horse, Lissrenny, circa 1870.
* His sister, Anne Harriet Penelope Eleanor Filgate (1832-1917), married, 1857, Thomas William Filgate, JP, of Tullykeel (d.1868).
* A niece: Violet Evelyn Sophia Filgate (1871-1912), elder daughter of William de Salis Filgate (1834-1916), MFH, of Lisrenny, Ardee.
# Mettā Forest Monastery

Mettā Forest Monastery, also known as Wat Mettāvarānaṁ or Wat Mettā, is a Theravāda monastery in Valley Center, California. It was founded in 1991 by Ajaan Suwat Suvaco (1919–2002) along with his student Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu. Ajaan Ṭhānissaro has been the resident abbot since 1993.$^{:178}$$^{:40}$ Currently there are ten resident bhikkhus, nine American bhikkhus and one Thai, as well as space for lay Buddhists on overnight retreat.$^{:103}$
Ajaan Ṭhānissaro stresses the importance of strict adherence to the Vinaya or Buddhist monastic code which teaches relying only on donations from the lay community as well as living in the wilderness, a key feature of the Thai Forest Tradition of which he is a part.$^{:178}$ All visitors are expected to follow the Eight Precepts of Buddhism, which helps introduce students into the practice of Theravāda Buddhism.

## Historical Context

Even though the Mettā Forest Monastery has not been widely studied, the founding of this monastery is of great importance in establishing Theravāda Buddhism within the United States. Part of the problem of recognizing Buddhism in the US is that many surveys do not allow participants to select their specific school of Buddhism, so it is hard to know how many Theravāda Buddhists there are in the US.
Theravāda Buddhism was only introduced in the US in the late 1960s, much later than when Buddhism was first established in the country. There was an increase of temples being built in the 1980s and 1990s, with Mettā Forest being one of fourteen established in California in the 1990s. The Mettā Forest Monastery was founded thanks to a generous donation of land from someone from Massachusetts, with the expectation that a monastery would be built there. These wishes were carried out as the monastery now draws Buddhists from the surrounding California area. Theravāda Buddhism is practiced in many different ways across the US; congregating in monasteries is just one way to practice Buddhism, and the Mettā Forest Monastery invites laypeople to connect to their religion and community.
# Eronia

Eronia, commonly called vagrants, is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae found mainly in Africa. For other butterflies called "vagrants" see genus Nepheronia.

## Species

Source:
* Eronia cleodora Hübner, 1823 – vine-leaf vagrant
* Eronia leda (Boisduval, 1847) – autumn leaf vagrant or orange-and-lemon (butterfly)
# Güijes

Güijes (also known as Jigües o Chichiricúes) are mythical creatures in Cuban folklore that live in bodies of fresh water. Although their physical description varies between sources, they are often depicted as short-statured, black skinned hominids. Some depictions resemble stereotypical African pygmies, while others resemble monstruous, hairy beasts. They are often naked, or scantly clad in leaves.
Güijes are characterized as mischievous and malicious, or occasionally playful and fun-loving. They can be summoned in many ways including by offering a cigar, circling a holy cieba 12 times at midnight, or by an intentional group of 7 men named Juan (siete Juanes).

## Cultural references

As stock characters in Cuban folklore, references to güijes can be found throughout Cuban music, film, literature, and art. Some famous references include:
* El Güije by Silvio Rodriguez, song
* A recurring character on El Camino de los Juglares, a Cuban children's show
* El Güije original animation by Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAC)
* Referenced in 'Viva Cuba', film by Juan Carlos Cremata Malberti
* Nūñez, Julia Calzadilla (1993). Los Chichiricú del charco de la Jícara (in Spanish). Ediciones Colihue SRL. ISBN 950-581-556-5.
* "Balada del Güije" poem in the 1934 anthology "West Indies Ltd." by Nicolás Guillén
# Jeppestown South

Jeppestown South is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Two schools are located in the suburb, John Mitchell Primary School (principal Mr Rotteveel) and Jules High School (principal Mr G van Vuuren) which was formerly known as Edith Hinds High School.
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# Strabane Lifford Development Commission

Strabane Lifford Development Commission is a cross-border body in Ireland, to develop cultural and economic development ties between Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland and Lifford in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, just across the border marked by the River Foyle.
In 2000 a sculpture group was erected at the border between Strabane and Lifford, close to the Lifford Bridge by Strabane Lifford Development Commission. Created by Maurice Harron, the bronze and stainless steel sculpture depicts a group of musicians and dancers, symbolizing the two uniting art forms of North and South Ireland.
# Caulastrocecis interstratella

Caulastrocecis interstratella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the southern part of European Russia (southern Ural, Lower Volga, Altai) and central Turkey.
# Sí (Peruvian magazine)

Sí is a Peruvian news magazine which was established in 1986. The magazine has its headquarters in Lima. It is published on a weekly basis and features articles on political news. In 1993, its editor Ricardo Uceda was instrumental in exposing the La Cantuta Massacre, an incident in which nine students and one professor from La Cantuta University were executed by army soldiers and buried in a mass grave.
# Charles Fillmore

Charles Fillmore is the name of:
* Charles Fillmore (Unity Church) (1854–1948), one of the founders of the Unity Church
* Charles J. Fillmore (1929–2014), linguist co-inventor of case theory and construction grammar
# Riversleigha

Riversleigha williamsi is a species of hipposiderid bat discovered in fossil deposits located the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in the north of Australia.

## Taxonomy

The description of Riversleigha williamsi was published in 1998 by Suzanne J. Hand, the author separating the novel species by erecting a new genus, Riversleigha. The type material was obtained at Bitesantennary Site, a rich deposit of previously unknown chiropteran taxa, and the ninth species to be discovered by the researchers at the Riversleigh fossil area from which the genus name is derived. The specific epithet was nominated by the author for Stephan Williams, who had assisted in the processing of large amounts of fossiliferous limestone extracted from the Bitesantennary Site, the species type location.

## Description

Riversleigha was a large species of hipposiderid Old World leaf-nosed bat. These are found in Europe and other regions of the Old World and are distinguished by an elaborate fleshy structure that assists in echolocation. The characteristics of this species indicate they were capable of consuming invertebrates protected by hard carapaces. The microbat is only exceeded in size in the Riversleigh fauna by the megadermatid species of Macroderma.
The type specimens are a skull with some intact dentition and other cranial material. The very elongated rostrum is around two-thirds the length of the almost spherical braincase within the bat's relatively narrow and long skull. The great size of the wings, inferred by the size of the skull, indicate that it was less able to manoeuvre than other microbats of the rainforest, which hunt within the canopy, instead foraging over and around the dense vegetation. The prey is likely to have included hard-shelled beetles, which Riversleigha williamsi could crush with its teeth, and the parasitic wasps, weevils, and moths of the local fauna. The size and morphology of the skull also indicates that the sound frequency used in echolocation was relatively low. The sagittal and lambdoidal crests of R. williamsi were well developed.
# Blastodesmia

Blastodesmia is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Pyrenulaceae. It contains the single species Blastodesmia nitida, a corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen found in Europe. Both the genus and the species were described in 1852 by the Italian botanist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. Historically, two other species have been included in the genus, but are currently not accepted by Species Fungorum:
* Blastodesmia albonigra Zahlbr. (1927)
* Blastodesmia lactea A.Massal. (1852)
Characteristics of genus Blastodesmia include paraphyses in the hamathecium, transversely septate ascospores that are grey to brown in colour, and pyrenocarp-type ascomata with carbonized ascoma walls. The ascospores are mostly 37–47 μm long and have a constriction at the septa.
# Statherotoxys

Statherotoxys is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Statherotoxys acrorhaga Diakonoff, 1973
* Statherotoxys eurydelta Diakonoff, 1973
* Statherotoxys hedraea (Meyrick, 1905)
* Statherotoxys hypochrysa Diakonoff, 1973
* Statherotoxys niphophora Diakonoff, 1973
* Statherotoxys pudica Diakonoff, 1973
# Erythemis attala

Erythemis attala, the black pondhawk, is a species of skimmer in the dragonfly family Libellulidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America.
The IUCN conservation status of Erythemis attala is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.
# Günther C. Kirchberger

Günther C. Kirchberger (22 August 1928; Kornwestheim – 5 April 2010; Göppingen) was a German painter and professor. He was a Hard Edge painter and a close friend to Lawrence Alloway. Together with Georg Karl Pfahler Kirchberger was the founder of the gruppe 11.

## Life

Kirchberger studied at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart from 1950-1954 where he came in close contact with abstract painter Willi Baumeister. In 1956 he went to London and became friends with Lawrence Alloway, Denis Bowen and Ralph Rumney. Back in Stuttgart, he founded gruppe 11 (group 11) together with Georg Karl Pfahler. The group had exhibitions in Munich, Brussel, Rome and London in 1957-59. In 1959 his art shifted from Art informel to color forms. In 1960 he comes in contact with the philosopher Max Bense and his circle, and 1964 he finally becomes a pure Hard Edge painter. Since 1964 he taught at the Werkkunstschule (School of Applied Arts) in Krefeld and began working with so called do-it-yourself paintings. One of his students was the later star photographer Peter Lindbergh. Since 1996 Kirchberger lived in Bad Boll, near Göppingen. He died in Göppingen in 2010. His estate is located at Schloss Filseck near Göppingen, where The G.C. Kirchberger Archives (Supported by The Schloss Filseck Foundation) began his work in 2017.

## Literature

* Stephan Geiger: Der kühne Vorstoß ins Internationale – zum Werk des Stuttgarter Avantgardisten Günther C. Kirchberger. In: freie geste – strenge form. günther c. kirchberger zum 80. geburtstag. Ausst.-Kat. Singen 2008, S. 5-106.
* Irmgard Sedler (Hrsg.): Günther C. Kirchberger – IM FOKUS, Stadt Kornwestheim, Museum im Kleihues-Bau 2013, ISBN 978-3-9816175-2-8.
* Stephan Geiger: Günther C. Kirchberger – Eine Schlüsselfigur der Stuttgarter Avantgarde (Heft 1 Schriftenreihe des Archivs G.C. Kirchberger), Galerie im Ostflügel, Schloss Filseck 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819931-0-3.
* Stephan Geiger: Günther C. Kirchberger und die gruppe 11 – Der Aufbruch ins Internationale (Heft 2 Schriftenreihe des Archivs G.C. Kirchberger), Galerie im Ostflügel, Schloss Filseck 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819931-1-0.
# Jewish architecture

Jewish architecture comprises the architecture of Jewish religious buildings and other buildings that either incorporate Jewish elements in their design or are used by Jewish communities.

## Terminology

Due to the diasporic nature of Jewish history, there is no single architectural style that is common across all Jewish cultures. Examples of buildings considered Jewish architecture include explicitly religious buildings such as synagogues and mikvehs, as well as Jewish schools.
# Strabane railway station

Strabane railway station may refer to:
* Strabane (CDR) railway station in service 1894–1960
* Strabane (GNI) railway station in service 1847–1965
# Szadkowski

Szadkowski (feminine: Szadkowska) is a Polish locational surname and means a person from a place in Poland called Szadek, Szadki or Szadkowice. A variant: Szatkowski.
The surname may refer to:
* Mieczysław Szadkowski [pl] (1920-1990), Polish artist, sculptor, and educator
* Zuzanna Szadkowski (born 1978), American actress
* Zygmunt Szadkowski [pl] (1912-1995), Polish emigre politician, officer of the Polish Armed Forces in the West, social and scout activist
# Charles Oliphant

Charles Oliphant (1666 – 9 December 1719) was a Scottish physician and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1710 to 1719. He built his medical career in Edinburgh, but moved to London in 1708. He became physician to the Prince of Wales (later King George II).

## Early life and family

Oliphant was the second son of Charles Oliphant of Edinburgh, a principal clerk of the court of session and a descendant of the 3rd Lord Oliphant. His mother Barbara was a daughter of Patrick Kinloch of Alderston, Haddingtonshire. He graduated from Edinburgh University with an M.A. in 1684, from Leiden in 1687, and was awarded his MD at Rheims University in 1691.

## Edinburgh

Oliphant set up a medical practice off High Street in Edinburgh, and became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1693. In 1699 he published a treatise on vomiting during fevers, which was challenged in 1701 by Dr George Cheyne in his New Theory of Continual Fevers. Oliphant realised that Cheyne's criticism had been prompted by Dr Archibald Pitcairne, a fellow Edinburgh physician with whom Oliphant had been friendly at the start of the 1690 but fell out with over the course of the decade. Oliphant responded with a series of attacks on Pitcairne's work, accusing him of plagiarism. The dispute escalated into an acrimonious exchange of pamphlets.

## London

In 1708, Oliphant moved permanently to London, attributing his decision to the Act of Union. He had concluded that "our remoteness from the centre of the government must certainly drain us, and carry all those that have ambulatory employments, or live by their industry, to live in England".
At the 1710 general election, Oliphant was elected in the Duke of Argyll's interest (MP) as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ayr Burghs. He had no previous connection to the area and appears to have been rather uninterested its affairs, but with the Duke's support he was re-elected 1715. Argyll also help to secure Oliphant's appointment in 1714 as physician to George, Prince of Wales.
Oliphant died in 1719. He had married before 1698, a daughter of Sir John Young of Leny, Edinburgh and left 2 daughters, one of whom, Mary, married Lord Strathmore.
# First Friday

First Friday may refer to:
* First Friday Devotions, a Catholic Devotion
* First Friday (public event) in some cities of the USA;
# Blennidus diminutus

Blennidus diminutus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1878.
# Starye Bobovichi

Starye Bobovichi is a village in the Novozybkovsky District, Bryansk Oblast of Russia.
The AFP reported in 2016 that it still has high radioactivity (30 times the recommended level) due to the Chernobyl disaster, 180 kilometres (110 miles) southeast.
# Ernie Gillatt

Kenneth Ernest "Ernie" Gillatt was an English professional association footballer who played as an inside forward during the 1920s.
# Jens Rohde

Jens Rohde (born 18 April 1970) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Christian Democrats political party. He served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 until 2019, as a member of the Danish Social Liberal Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. He is currently a member of the Christian Democrats.

## Political career

Between 1998 and 2005, Rohde represented Venstre in the Danish parliament, where he served as his parliamentary group's spokesperson on media policy. From 2001 to 2005 he was a member of the municipal council of Viborg Municipality.
In the 2014 European elections, Rohde was elected as a member of European Parliament as a member of the Venstre political party. Rohde represented the ALDE group in Parliament. Between 2009 and 2014, he served as Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. From 2014, he was a member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, where served as the ALDE group's coordinator. In addition, he served as the ALDE group's shadow rapporteur for telecoms regulation.
In December 2015, Rohde moved to the Danish Social Liberal Party in protest at a proposal of the Rasmussen government to give immigration authorities the power to search asylum-seekers’ clothes and luggage and to seize valuables and cash. In January 2021 Rhode left the Social Liberal Party. He later joined the Christian Democrats, becoming that party's first sitting MP since 2010.
# Henry Felix Clement Hebeler

Henry "Buffy" Felix Clement Hebeler CBE (1917–1989) was a British veterinary surgeon.

## Life

Henry Felix Clement Hebeler known as 'Buffy' was born 21 April 1917 in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Henry Leycester Hebeler (1872–1930) and Phyllis Margaret née Parker (1886–1965). His paternal great-grandfather Bernard Hebeler, KCRE FSS (1794–1862) was the Prussian Consular General to the court of Queen Victoria. Bernard Hebeler was brother-in-law to John Leycester Adolphus (1795–1862) a barrister and historian. Another of his great grandfathers was James Meadows Rendel FRS (1799–1856) who was a British civil engineer. Through his maternal side, Hebeler was connected to the Salvesen family. Hebeler's maternal aunt Maude Hannah Parker was married to Noel Graham Salvesen. His maternal uncle Henry Michael Denne Parker, CBE (1895–1975) was a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and an authority on the Roman legion.
'Buffy' and his brother Christopher Rendel (1915–40) were pupils at St Edward's School, Oxford. 'Buffy' graduated from Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. Hebeler was a member of the British Veterinary Association where he served as Treasurer, Secretary and President (1958–59). Hebeler was awarded the CBE in 1983 for services to the veterinary profession and to animal welfare. He wrote several articles and was cited in other articles on veterinary practice. Hebeler practiced as a vet in Langport, Somerset, UK.

## Family

In 1943 he married Daphne Watson (1921–1946) - they had one son Henry Christopher. In 1947 he married Sybil Grace Palmer (1924–2017) - they had two sons Simon Felix and Jonathan Noel.
# Cañita

Cañita may refer to:
* Cañita, Panama
* Cyperus giganteus, sometimes called "cañita"
* Canita (footballer)