OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edmund Fawcett

Edmund Fawcett is a British political journalist and author.

## Family

Fawcett is the son of the human rights lawyer and international law professor James Fawcett, brother of the artist Charlotte Johnson Wahl, and maternal uncle of Prime Minister Boris Johnson, journalist Rachel Johnson, and politician Jo Johnson.
He is married to Natalia Jiménez, granddaughter of Alberto Jiménez Fraud [es], the Spanish liberal and founding director of the Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid, who left Spain as a political refugee in 1936.

## Career

He worked in London as an editor at New Left Books (now Verso) and in San Francisco as a free-lance editor for Straightarrow Press, the books arm of Rolling Stone.
He then worked at The Economist (1973–2003) as chief correspondent in Washington, Paris, Berlin and Brussels, as well as European and literary editor. In a long career covering international politics, he wrote about the growth of the European Union, democratisation in Spain, Portugal and Greece, the end of the Cold War, new hopes for the United Nations, Germany's unification and the wars in ex-Yugoslavia. In the United States, he travelled widely, followed three presidential campaigns and wrote about the decline of detente in the late 1970s together with the rise of Reaganism. His frequent book reviews have appeared in The New York Times, Guardian and New Statesman, Times Literary Supplement and Political Quarterly.
Fawcett's book, The American Condition, written with a fellow journalist, Tony Thomas, came out in 1981. It was published in Britain as America, Americans. Fawcett also writes for Aeon, openDemocracy, Salon, and other websites.
His book Liberalism: The Life of an Idea was published in 2014, with an updated, expanded second edition in 2018. Fawcett argues that liberalism is a "modern practice of politics" with a specific history, rather than a fixed and unchanging philosophy. He has described himself as a 'left-liberal or liberal leftist'. A companion volume, Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition was published in 2020, also by Princeton University Press. It offers a fresh and sharp-eyed history of political conservatism from its nineteenth-century origins as opponent of liberalism and democracy to today's hard Right.
The historian Peter Clarke in the Financial Times called Liberalism (2nd edition) "a liberal history, well-founded in its scholarship and also accessibly expounded". The Guardian praised Liberalism as a "remarkable book", and "a helpful characterisation of liberalism". The Wall Street Journal called the book a "fine work of intellectual history". Jack MacLeod, writing in the journal Victorian Studies, said the book "makes a major contribution to our understanding of a concept that, for two centuries, has been central to Western political and cultural thought".
# Forcoli

Forcoli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Palaia, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,701.
Forcoli is about 40 km from Pisa and 7 km from Palaia.
# List of chairmen of the Chamber of the People (Czechoslovakia)

Chairmen of the Chamber of the People
Below is a list of office-holders:
| Name | term |
| Josef Smrkovský | 1969 |
| Sona Pennigerová | 1969 – 1971 |
| Václav David | 1971 – 1976 1976 –1981 1981 –1986 |
| Vladimír Vedra | 1986 – 1989 |
| Josef Bartončík | 1989 – 1990 |
| Rudolf Battěk | 1990 – 1992 |
| Václav Benda | 1992 |
# Wallendorf (Lichte)

Wallendorf (German pronunciation:) is an Ortsteil (subdivision) of the Lichte municipality. It is located in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thuringia, Germany, close to the Thuringian Rennsteig.

## Geography

Th Ortsteil Wallendorf, consisting of the villages Wallendorf and Lamprecht, is located in a forested area in the southern part of the Thuringian Forest.

## History

The documentary first mention of Wallendorf was dated December 29, 1414. Lamprecht as part of Wallendorf was first mentioned in a document December 21, 1386.
The baroque Elisabeth's church, built until 1734, was sponsored by Peter Hohmann and his descendants. The Hohmann family was also owner of the Manor Wallendorf. The so-called Gutshof (manor house) and Fronwiese (lord's meadow) are indications of that historical period.
Sections of the municipality :
| Bock-und-Teich | Geiersthal | Lichte with - Washdorf, Ascherbach - Hügel, Oberlichte - Unterlichte | Wallendorf with - Lamprecht |
* City hall in Wallendorf
* historical "Post Hotel" with viaduct (Saalfelder Str. 32)
* Post office in Wallendorf
* Wallendorfer Porzellanmanufaktur (October 2006)
* Railway viaduct over the Piesau, distinctive sign of Wallendorf
* Piesau viaduct ...
# Hans Svelland

Hans Svelland (born 28 November 1943) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1973–1977. In total he met during 2 days of parliamentary session. From 1986 to 1989 he chaired the city government of Oslo, after the city had been a pioneer in introducing a such government elected through a parliamentary system.
He chaired the Norwegian Young Conservatives from 1969 to 1971.
# Francis Farmer

Francis Farmer may refer to:
* Frances Farmer (1913–1970), American actress and television host
* Frances Farmer (librarian) (1909–1993), American jurist
* Francis Mark Farmer (1866–1922), dental surgeon and lecturer
# Jeanne Birdsall

Jeanne Birdsall (born 1951) is an American photographer and writer of children's books. She is best known for her five-volume series about the Penderwick family. The Penderwicks, the first book in the series, won the 2005 National Book Award for Young People's Literature.

## Life

Birdsall was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and grew up in the suburbs. Birdsall has one sibling, a sister who is four years older than her. She decided to become a writer at the age of ten, but she didn't start until she was forty-one. She worked first on other jobs, most notably as a photographer, and some of her work has been displayed in galleries around the world.

## Writer

Birdsall's first book was published when she was 54. The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy introduced the Penderwick sisters and won the 2005 National Book Award. Her second book was a sequel, The Penderwicks on Gardam Street (2008). Her third book was The Penderwicks at Point Mouette (2011), followed by The Penderwicks in Spring (2015). The fifth and final book in the series, The Penderwicks at Last, was published on May 15, 2018.
Birdsall's first picture book, Flora's Very Windy Day, was illustrated by Matt Phelan and published under the Clarion Books imprint in August 2010, and followed by Lucky and Squash in 2012.

## Works

* The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy (Alfred A. Knopf, 2005) —winner of the National Book Award
* The Penderwicks on Gardam Street (Knopf, 2008)
* Flora's Very Windy Day (Clarion/Houghton Mifflin, 2010), children's picture book illustrated by Matt Phelan
* The Penderwicks at Point Mouette (Knopf, 2011)
* Lucky and Squash (Harper/HarperCollins, 2012), picture book illus. Jane Dyer
* The Penderwicks in Spring (Knopf, 2015)
* My Favorite Pets: by Gus W. for Ms. Smolinski's Class (Knopf, 2016), picture book illus. Harry Bliss
* The Penderwicks At Last (Knopf, 2018)

## Collections

* Philadelphia Museum of Art
* Smithsonian American Art Museum
# Osmoderma

Osmoderma is a genus of beetle in family Scarabaeidae. It contains the following species:
* Osmoderma barnabita
* Osmoderma brevipenne
* Osmoderma caeleste
* Osmoderma coriarium
* Osmoderma cristinae
* Osmoderma dallieri
* Osmoderma davidis
* Osmoderma eremicola
* Osmoderma eremita – hermit beetle
* Osmoderma italicum
* Osmoderma lassallei
* Osmoderma opicum
* Osmoderma richteri
* Osmoderma scabrum
* Osmoderma sikhotense
* Osmoderma subplanatum
* This Cetoniinae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Eduardo Arnold

Eduardo Ariel Arnold (born 14 October 1947) is an Argentine politician. He has been vice governor of the Santa Cruz Province under Néstor Kirchner, and a national senator and deputy.

## Biography

Eduardo Ariel Arnold was born in 1947 in Las Heras, Santa Cruz. Leading the "Movimiento Renovador Peronista", he allied with Néstor Kirchner in 1991 as vice-governor candidate. Kirchner became governor, defeating Arturo Puricelli. Arnold was selected to work in the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution, and was elected vice governor under Kirchner again in 1995. Arnold was elected national senator for the 1999-2001 period. He was a national controller in Río Turbio in 2002.
After Kirchner became president of Argentina in 2003, Arnold desired to be the candidate for governor of the Santa Cruz province, but Kirchner selected Sergio Acevedo instead. Arnold was appointed secretary of provinces, under the ministry of interior Aníbal Fernández. He was elected deputy for Santa Cruz in 2003, and appointed vice president of the chamber. He supported all the bills sent by Kirchner, but Kirchner gradually distanced himself from Arnold because Arnold had criticized Kirchnerist politicians such as Luis D'Elía and Fernández. When he opposed a bill to increase the income tax because it did not increase the tax allowance as well, Kirchner ordered Arnold removed from the vice presidency.
Arnold tried to write a book about the early life of Néstor Kirchner. It was meant to contain both his own memoirs and other info that he had heard. This book has never been finished or edited, but he gave some information to journalist Luis Majul for his own book about Kirchner, El Dueño.
In 2013, Kirchner was posthumously accused of embezzlement in what became known as The K money trail scandal. Arnold subsequently told the TV program La cornisa that the Kirchner family had a bank vault at their home in Calafate that was unusually large possibly confirming the allegations. He also suggested that the Mausoleum of Néstor Kirchner may also contain a vault.
# Forcipomyia squamipennis

Forcipomyia squamipennis is a biting midge species in the genus Forcipomyia. It is an important pollinator of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao) in Ghana, and other related midges pollinate the tree in other parts of the tropics.

## Life cycle

Forcipomyia squamipennis is an important pollinator of the cacao tree Theobroma cacao in Ghana, not because it pollinates more effectively than other insects but because it is so numerous in cacao plantations. The population is greatest in the rainy season. Adult midges spend the day in shady spots such as between the buttress roots of large trees, in crevices in logs, in hollow stumps or in piles of husk debris. They emerge at variable times of day to swarm near their hiding locations, and disperse in the late afternoons and early mornings. Most midges do not move further than about 6 m (20 ft). The females lay batches of up to about ninety eggs on damp piles of plant debris. The eggs hatch after two or three days and the larvae pass through four instar stages before pupating at about twelve days. The adults survive for about a week and there are thought to be about twelve generations of the midge per year. Both sexes feed on the pollen of the cacao flower, but four times more males visit the flowers than do females.

## Cacao pollination

Midges in the family Ceratopogonidae are believed to be the most important pollinators of cacao globally, particularly the larger members of the family. The tree flowers profusely but few flowers set, particularly in the dry season; when the tree is under water stress all flowers are dropped within about five days. Successful pollination requires the deposition of at least 35 suitable pollen grains on the receptive parts of the flower, and is dependent on the season.
# USA-92

USA-92, also known as GPS IIA-12, GPS II-21, GPS SVN-39, and NAVSTAR 39, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the twelfth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.

## Background

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.
GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.

## Launch

USA-92 was launched at 13:27:00 UTC on 26 June 1993, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D221, flying in the 7925–9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-92 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

## Mission

On 27 July 1993, USA-92 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,123 km (12,504 mi), an apogee of 20,246 km (12,580 mi), a period of 720.00 minutes, and 54.70° of inclination to the equator. It broadcasts the PRN 09 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It had a design life of 7.5 years; however, it was kept in service for over 20 years before finally decommissioned from service on 19 May 2014.
Following decommissioning, it was subsequently placed in a disposal orbit approximately 1000 km above the operational constellation on 21 September 2015.
# Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities (HUMA) is a standing committee of the House of Commons of Canada.

## Mandate

* The mandate and management of Department of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada and its subsidiary agencies:
** The Canada Industrial Relations Board
** The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
** The Canadian Artists and Producers Professional Relations Tribunal
** The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
* The study of topics relating to the Department, including:
** Employment insurance
** Employment benefits and support measures
** Income security programs
** The Canada Labour Code
** Post-secondary education and training
** Social programs for seniors, families, children and persons with disabilities
* The study of recommendations to shorten the foreign qualification recognition process
* Skills development in remote rural communities

## Membership

| Party | Member | District |
| Liberal | Sean Casey, Chair | Charlottetown, PE |
| Liberal | Han Dong | Don Valley North, ON |
| Liberal | Wayne Long | Saint John—Rothesay, NB |
| Liberal | Ryan Turnbull | Whitby, ON |
| Liberal | Kate Young | London West, ON |
| Liberal | Adam Vaughan, Parliamentary Secretary | Spadina—Fort York, ON |
| Conservative | Stephanie Kusie, Vice-Chair | Calgary Midnapore, AB |
| Conservative | Dan Albas | Central Okanagan—Similkameen—Nicola, BC |
| Conservative | Brad Vis | Mission—Matsqui—Fraser Canyon, BC |
| Conservative | Rosemarie Falk | Battlefords—Lloydminster, SK |
| Bloc Québecois | Louise Chabot, Vice-Chair | Thérèse-De Blainville, QC |
| New Democratic | Leah Gazan | Winnipeg Centre, MB |

## Subcommittees

* Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure (SHUM)
# List of chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

The chairman of the Duma of the Khanty-Mani Autonomous Okrug is the presiding officer of that legislature.

## Office-holders

| Name | Took office | Left office |
| Sergey Sobyanin | 1994 | 2001 |
| Vasily Sondykov | 2001 | 2011 |
| Boris Khokhryakov | 2011 | Present |

## Sources

* The Duma of the Khanty-Mani Autonous Okrug
# Walburgis van Nieuwenaer

Anna Walburgis van Nieuwenaer (1522-1600) was a politically active Dutch countess.
She married Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn in 1543. She was a Protestant and actively supported the Protestant movement in the fief of her spouse. She was aware of the great Protestant Iconoclast revolt in 1567, which is evident from the fact that she advised the nuns of a convent, to which she was sympathetic, to hide their valuables. Her spouse was executed for his Protestant conviction in 1568. She was not executed, but exiled from the fief of her late spouse. She remarried her 20 years younger nephew Adolf van Nieuwenaar in 1569 or 1570. He was a Protestant on the side of the Prince of Orange, and according to tradition, she encouraged his opinions. She actively participated in the Protestant cause during the war: in 1586, she acted as diplomat when she was given the task to negotiate with the earl of Leicester in order to supply more troops for her spouse.
# Hardly Electronic

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Blurt | |
| Exclaim! | 9/10 |
| Paste | 8.3/10 |
Hardly Electronic is the fourth studio album by American indie rock band The Essex Green. It was released on June 29, 2018 under Merge Records.

## Critical reception

Hardly Electronic was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 75, based on 7 reviews. Aggregator Album of the Year gave the release an 80 out of 100 based on a critical consensus of 6 reviews.
# Francesco Spoto

Francesco Spoto (8 July 1924 – 27 December 1964) was an Italian Catholic priest who served in the missions in the Democratic Republic of Congo and was killed there. He was also a professed member from the Missionary Servants of the Poor.
His beatification was celebrated in Palermo on 21 April 2007 after Pope Benedict XVI approved the fact that the priest had been killed "in odium fidei" – in hatred of the faith. Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi presided over the celebration on the behalf of the pope.

## Life

Francesco Spoto was born in Raffadali in mid-1924 and he was baptized on 24 September 1924. His cousin was a priest.
Spoto commenced his studies for the priesthood in Palermo in 1936 and he later became a professed member of the Missionary Servants of the Poor. He received his ordination to the priesthood from Cardinal Ernesto Ruffini in the Palermo Cathedral on 22 July 1951. Father Spoto was later elected as the Superior General of his order at its General Chapter in 1959 in a move that surprised him and he later wrote of his shock to a priest cousin. Sporo – in his role as the Superior General – made the petition to see the introduction of the cause for canonization of the order's founder Giacomo Cusmano. He also re-vitalized the order and encouraged vocations.
On 4 August 1964 he travelled to Biringi to visit the missions in the Democratic Republic of Congo. On 3 December 1964 the Simba rebels captured him along with four other missionaries and on 11 December was beaten and tortured until he managed to escape barefoot though later collapsed due to exhaustion; he forgave his killers and offered his life to God. He died due to his injuries on 27 December 1964 after Christmas; the other four missionaries were saved at some stage. His remains were later moved to Palermo on 14 October 1984.

## Beatification

The beatification process opened on 5 June 1992 after he was titled as a Servant of God and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause. The diocesan process spanned from 16 December 1992 until 18 March 1996 and received C.C.S. validation on 20 December 1996 in Rome. The postulation submitted the Positio to Roman officials in 1998.
The board of theologians approved the cause on 4 October 2005 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. likewise approved it on 4 April 2006. Pope Benedict XVI approved the beatification on 26 June 2006 and delegated Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi to preside over the celebration in the Palermo Cathedral on 21 April 2007. In attendance was the then-Archbishop (now Cardinal) Paolo Romeo and Bishop Marcel Utembi Tapa – of the diocese where Spoto was killed. His beatification was also the first to occur in Palermo. His liturgical feast was affixed to 24 September – the date of his baptism – instead of the date of his death as is the norm.
The current postulator for the cause is Bishop Vincenzo Bertolone.
# Trane (Kristiansand)

Trane or Rugde is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the northern part of the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Slettheia. Trane/Rugde is northwest of Gislemyr, north of Nedre Slettheia, south of Rige, and east of Øvre Slettheia.

## Transportation

Bus lines serving Trane :
| Line | Destinations |
| M3 | Slettheia - Søm |
| D3 | Slettheia - Søm |
# Forelius andinus

Forelius andinus is a species of ant in the genus Forelius. Described by Kusnezov in 195, the species is endemic to Argentina.