OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victor Stolan

Victor Stolan (born 1893) provided "the germ of the idea" that led Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson with him to start the World Wildlife Fund. They together with others they recruited founded the organization on 11 September 1961 in Switzerland.
Originally a Czechoslovakian refugee, Victor Stolan was by that time a naturalized UK citizen that had become a businessman and hotel owner. He died within a few years of the start of the WWF.

## Role in starting WWF

Victor Stolan, born 1893 in Czechoslovakia, wrote to Julian Huxley, the author of three articles about the disappearance of wild life in Africa that first appeared on 13 November 1960 in The Observer with "The germ of the idea that was to result in the birth of the World Wildlife Fund". In this letter, dated 6 December 1960, Stolan argued that an international appeal aiming to raise millions of pounds should be set up on behalf of all wild species threatened by extinction. It "urged Huxley to put him in touch with a "single and uninhibited mind… with whom ideas can be developed and speedilly [sic] directed towards accumulating some millions of pounds without mobilising commissions, committees etc as there is no time for Victorian procedure". Huxley responded by putting him in contact with Max Nicholson who saw the logic of his argument and encouraged Victor to write a memorandum about setting up such a fund. This memorandum has been described as "brilliant, lengthy and eccentric". It argued that help should be sought from the Pope and Archbishop of Canterbury: "Nobody is in too high a place to lend a hand to defend creation." He also argued that "new tycoons" be asked for money to create a "shining monument in history".
Nicholson checked the plausibility of setting up such a fund by showing the memorandum to Guy Mountfort, the head of a major advertising agency. This was, as "Nicholson later acknowledged, a turning point. As a result, in May 1961, a meeting was held that included Peter Scott (the WWF's first chairman) as well as the three initiators.

## Exclusion

In the spring and summer of 1961, there were more meetings but Victor Stolan came to be excluded from them. In a letter to Huxley, Nicholson wrote, "Mr Stolan is rather too much the naive enthusiast and rather too little the practical man of affairs to be very much help," Stolan's history as an hotelier was also counted against him: "an unfortunate experience with a country hotel". Nicholson also made prejudicial remarks about his Czechoslovakian background. Another factor could have been that unlike all the other founders of the WWF, Stolan was not like them an ornithologist nor earlier involved in conservationism.
Victor Stolan died within a few years of the founding of the WWF.
# Vezdemarbán

Vezdemarbán is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 639 inhabitants.
# Vezdaea schuyleriana

Vezdaea schuyleriana is a lichen that is only known to exist on a single boulder near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. It was discovered by James Lendemer, then a doctoral student at the New York Botanical Garden and research associate at the Academy of Natural Sciences, who published his discovery in the March 2011 issue of Notulae Natureae. He named it in honor of Dr. Alfred "Ernie" Schuyler, emeritus curator of botany at the Academy.
# Veteran Car Club of Great Britain

The Veteran Car Club of Great Britain is a private members' club formed to encourage the preservation and use of veteran and Brass or Edwardian vehicles, whose activities include the promotion and organisation of events and rallies, dating and identification of motor vehicles and acquisition and maintenance of a library and archive connected with early motoring.

## Scope

The club caters for cars built before 1905 (known as 'veteran') and those built between 1905 and the end of 1918 (known as 'Edwardian').

## History

The club was founded by racing driver and sports editor of Autocar, Sammy Davis, with Jackie Masters and John Wylie at the Ship Hotel in Brighton, England following the 1930 RAC London to Brighton run. It was the world's first club for antique car enthusiasts.
They formed the club to encourage and foster the preservation and use of vehicles eligible for the Brighton run, those built before 1905. The scope was extended to Edwardian cars in the 1950s, now defined as those built after 1904 but before 1919 (an earlier cut-off date was applied during the 1950s and 1960s).
By 1937 a considerable archive had been accumulated by the club. The Scotsman noted that the club issued certificates of authenticity of date. The membership included remaining well-known pioneers of motoring. In the 1937 Brighton run there had been 116 cars and 105 of those cars belonged to club members. Club members owned 140 cars in roadworthy condition all built before 1905. There were 235 members of the club. In 1950 a rally and reliability trial in Oxford attracted 84 cars, the oldest an 1895 Lutzmann with a 4 hp single-cylinder engine.

## Club activities

The Veteran Car Club of Great Britain organises events, rallies and other activities to encourage the preservation and use of veteran and Edwardian vehicles. It offers members a dating and identification service for early motor vehicles and maintains a library and archive connected with early motoring.
# Veteran (disambiguation)

A veteran, often referred to as a military veteran or war veteran, is a person who has served in the armed forces.
Veteran or Veterans or The Veteran may also refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Veteran, Nevada
* Veteran, New York
* Veteran, Ulster County, New York
* Veteran, Wyoming
* Veterans Stadium (New Britain, Connecticut)
* Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

### Other places

* Veteran, Alberta, Canada
* Veteran, Queensland, Australia

## People

* Julius the Veteran (3rd century), a Roman soldier and saint

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Films

* The Veteran (1972 film), horror film
* The Veteran (2006 film), a 2006 American made-for-TV war film
* The Veteran (2011 film), a 2011 British action film
* Veteran (2015 film), a 2015 South Korean film

### Literature

* The Veteran (short story collection), a book by Frederick Forsyth and the titular story
* The Veteran, a novel by Stephen Crane

### Music

* Veteran (Marques Houston album), 2007 album by American R&B artist Marques Houston
* Veteran (JPEGMafia album), 2018 album by American rapper JPEGMafia
* "The Veteran", a Taiwan's military and patriotic song.
* "The Veteran", a song by British clergyman and composer Joseph Philip Knight
* "VETERAN”, a song by American rapper Destroy Lonely and Ken Carson on the mixtape No Stylist.

### Television

* "Veterans" (Justified), a 2010 episode of Justified

## Ships

* French ship Vétéran (1803)
* HMS Veteran, the name of three ships of the Royal Navy

## Other uses

* Veteran car, a car built before 1905
* Veterans General Hospital, a national hospital in Taiwan
* Veteran tree, trees of distinction due to age
# Vibriobactin

Vibriobactin is a catechol siderophore that helps the microbial system to acquire iron. It was first isolated from Vibrio cholerae.

## Structure and biosynthesis

The components of vibriobactin are three 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), two threonine (Thr), and one norspermidine (NSPD). DHB is synthesized from chorismic acid by a series of enzymes: VibA, VibB, and VibC. DHB is linked to NSPD by VibE, VibB and VibH in order and forms DHB-NSPD. On the other hand, DHB performs condensation and cyclization with Thr by VibE, VibB, and VibF to form the heterocyclic molecule linked on VibF: DHB-Thr-VibF. DHB-NSPD and DHB-Thr-VibF are then put together by VibF to form vibriobactin.
# Victorius

Victorius may refer to:

## People

* Victorius of Aquitaine (fl. AD 457), who created the Victorian system of the Cursus Paschalis
* Piero Vettori (1499-1585), known as Petrus Victorius, Italian writer, philologist and humanist.
* Saint Victorius, son of Saint Marcellus of Tangier
* Claudius Marius Victorius, teacher and poet of the fifth century CE

## Other uses

* Victorius (band), a German power metal band
* Victorius (comics), a character in the Marvel Comics Universe
* Victorius, a LNWR Renown Class locomotive
# Viana Moog

Clodomir Viana Moog (28 October 1906 – 15 January 1988) was a Brazilian lawyer, journalist, novelist and essayist.

## Biography

Moog was born in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, the son of Marcos Moog and Maria da Glória Viana. Failing to join the military, he studied law in Porto Alegre. He also served as an anti-smuggling border agent. He later served as a tax agent in Santa Cruz do Sul and in Rio Grande.
Upon graduation, he became involved in politics, joining the Liberal Alliance. He was an active participant in the Constitutionalist Revolution against dictator Getúlio Vargas. He was arrested and removed to Amazonas, but later received amnesty and returned to Rio Grande do Sul.
He served as a representative of the Brazilian government at the Organization of American States (OAS) and at the United Nations. In 1945, he became a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. As a writer, he published extensively in both fiction and non-fiction, and his complete works in 10 volumes came out in 1966.
He died in 1988 in Rio de Janeiro.
# Vienna Beef

Vienna Beef Inc. is the main manufacturer of the hot dog used in the classic Chicago-style hot dog, as well as Polish sausage and Italian beef, delicacies of independent Chicago-style hot dog and beef stands. The company also produces a variety of deli meats, some of which are available at Chicago area supermarkets.
The company's headquarters is at the intersection of Elston, Damen, and Fullerton Avenues in the North Center community area, on the Chicago River. The company has been located in Chicago since the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Originally, the factory was in the same building as the headquarters. In 2016, the factory was relocated to 1000 W. Pershing Road in Chicago's Bridgeport neighborhood.

## History

Emil Reichel and Sam Ladany emigrated from Vienna, Austria, to Chicago in the 1890s. During the Columbian Exposition they sold hot dogs to the many visitors of the Exposition. In 1894, Reichel and Ladany opened a storefront on Halsted Avenue on Chicago's West Side. In 1900, Vienna Beef began to sell and deliver to other stores and restaurants in Chicago. During the Great Depression, a number of Vienna Beef vendors begin advertising that their hot dogs have a "salad on top," giving rise to the traditional Chicago-style hot dog. In 1950, Vienna Beef distribution spread to other Midwestern states, and in the 1960s, Vienna Beef began selling in supermarkets.
Henry Davis (1904–1974), a one time VP of sales, was instrumental in making Vienna Beef the Chicago hot dog. Henry was honored by Vienna Beef, the City of Chicago and the State of Illinois for his contributions in helping create Chicago's independent hot dog stands. There is a permanent collection of documents, photos and memorabilia in the Chicago Historical Society Archives called the "Henry Davis Collection" that was inaugurated in 1989.

## Revenue

Vienna Beef's revenue for the year 2015 was estimated to be $130 million.
# Vienna Blood

Vienna Blood may refer to
* Wiener Blut (waltz), by Johan Strauss II, Op.354
* Wiener Blut (operetta), named after the waltz
** Vienna Blood (film), 1942 German film based on the operetta
* Vienna Blood (TV series), British-Austrian crime drama television series
# Viennese trichord

In music theory, a Viennese trichord (also known as Viennese fourth chord and tritone-fourth chord), named for the Second Viennese School, is a pitch set with prime form (0,1,6). Its Forte number is 3-5. The sets C–D♭–G♭ and C–F♯–G are both examples of Viennese trichords, though they may be voiced in many ways.
According to Henry Martin, "[c]omposers such as Webern ... are partial to 016 trichords, given their 'more dissonant' inclusion of ics 1 and 6."
In jazz and popular music, the chord formed by the inversion of the set usually has a dominant function, being the third, seventh, and added fourth/eleventh of a dominant chord with elided root (and fifth, see jazz chord). For example, the Viennese trichord of C-F#-G could be considered a D11/C: D (elided) - F# - A (elided) - C - G.
3-5 :
| Prime | Inverse |
| 0,1,6 | 0,6,e |
| 1,2,7 | 1,7,0 |
| 2,3,8 | 2,8,1 |
| 3,4,9 | 3,9,2 |
| 4,5,t | 4,t,3 |
| 5,6,e | 5,e,4 |
| 6,7,0 | 6,0,5 |
| 7,8,1 | 7,1,6 |
| 8,9,2 | 8,2,7 |
| 9,t,3 | 9,3,8 |
| t,e,4 | t,4,9 |
| e,0,5 | e,5,t |
# Vidmer Mercatali

Vidmer Mercatali (born 17 May 1949) is an Italian politician who served as a Senator (2006–2013) and Mayor of Ravenna for two terms (1997–2006).
# Victor Godoi

Victor Godoi (born March 31, 1975) is a retired Argentine boxer.

## Professional career

He made his professional debut on October 13, 1995, in his debut he knocked Pedro Echiguay in the first round. By the end of 1997 he had amassed a record of 24-1. He defeated, among others, former world title contenders, Victor Fuentealba and Alli Galvez. On November 7, 1998, he earned the chance to fight for the interim WBO super flyweight title, his rival was Mexican Pedro Morquecho whom Godoi beat via a split decision. After Johnny Tapia moved up to bantamweight Godoi became the full champion. Godoi lost the title in his first defense of the title against Diego Morales in what would be his only fight outside Argentina. After losing the title, he fought five more times going 2-3, he ended his career in 2005 when he lost to Jose Saez.
# Vielle-Adour

Vielle-Adour is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Viitala

Viitala is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lennart Viitala (1921–1966), Finnish freestyle wrestler
* Pihla Viitala (born 1982), Finnish actress
* Walter Viitala (born 1992), Finnish footballer
# Vidor (disambiguation)

Vidor may refer to:
* Andor Vidor (1912–1943), Hungarian cinematographer
* King Vidor, American film director
* Charles Vidor, Hungarian film director
* Giuseppe (Bepi) Vidor, Italian aircraft designer of Asso Aerei aircraft
* Vidor, a town and commune in Italy
* Vidor, Texas, a city in the USA
* Vidor Batteries, a subsidiary of Crompton Parkinson
# Vilhelm Krag

Vilhelm Krag (24 December 1871 – 10 July 1933) was a Norwegian poet, writer, journalist and cultural personality. Known for coining the term Sørlandet to describe a region of Norway, he was the son of Peter Rasmus Krag and younger brother of the novelist Thomas Krag.
His first volume of poetry, which came out in 1891, included many of his best-known poems: "Fandango", "Der skreg en fugl" (A bird cried), "Liden Kirsten" (Little Kirsten), "Majnat" (May night), "Mens jeg venter" (While I'm waiting), "Moderen synger" (The mother sings) and "Og jeg vil ha mig en hjertenskjær" (And I will have me a sweetheart).
Edvard Grieg set Krag's lyrics to music in his Opus 60, published in 1894. In the early 20th century works by Krag were recorded in America by Florence Bodinoff, George Hamlin, Nathalie Hansen, Eleonora Olson, Ernestine Schumann-Heink, Aalrud Tillisch, and Carsten Woll.
Cultural offices :
| Preceded byBjørn Bjørnson | Director of the National Theatre 1908–1911 | Succeeded byHalfdan Christensen |
# Villa Atma

The Villa Atma (Polish Willa Atma) in Zakopane, Poland, is a historic chalet housing the Karol Szymanowski Museum, department of the National Museum in Kraków.

## History

It was built in the late 19th century as a guest house in a popular Zakopane Style and expanded in 1926 to include seven rooms. The name 'Atma' (added in the 1920s), is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'soul'. The house was rented by Szymanowski for six years between 1930 and 1936 as his main residence before his death in 1937. It was purchased through a fundraising campaign led by writer Jerzy Waldorff in Communist Poland, and has opened its doors as a museum on March 6, 1976.

## Museum

The composer Szymanowski visited Zakopane in his childhood. The Villa Atma became his permanent residence when he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and left his position of Director at the Warsaw Conservatory in 1930. He described the villa in a letter to his mother as "a small, humble mountaineer's cottage". Amongst the fellow artists who visited Szymanowski in Villa Atma were Artur Rubinstein, Serge Lifar and Emil Młynarski.
After Szymanowski's death in 1937, his friends suggested making the Villa a museum in his honour, but this aim was not achieved until 1976 when the house was purchased by the "Atma" Committee and donated to the National Museum of Poland. The exhibits include a close recreation of the composer's study, in which he wrote some of his most notable works including the Symphony No. 4, (a sinfonia concertante for piano and orchestra dedicated to Rubinstein), and his second Violin Concerto. The exhibit is decorated with his portrait painted by Young Poland's leading painter and art theoretician Stanisław Witkiewicz.
The museum is located in Zakopane at ul. Kasprusie 19, and is open Wednesday through Sunday. Apart from the ground-floor permanent collection, there is a second-floor library and archive relating to Szymanowski. Occasionally concerts and recitals are held in the Villa.
# Villa Jalón

Villa Jalón is a village in Chaco Province in northern Argentina.
# Vincent Mashami

Vincent Mashami is a Rwandan football coach who was appointed manager of the Rwandan national team in August 2018. He has previously coached the national team at youth level, and also club side APR.
# Villem Gross

Villem Gross (pseudonym Ott Varangu; born on 11 January 1922 Tartu – died on 6 April 2001) was an Estonian writer.
During World War II he served in the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps. After the war he held a journalist job. From 1950 he was a member of Estonian Writers' Union.

## Selected works

* 1955: play Ankeet ('Questionnaire')
* 1975: novel Talvepuhkus ('Winter Holiday')
* 1978: novel Vaikimise motiivid ('Motifs of Silence')
# Villa Thiene

Villa Thiene is a 16th-century villa at Quinto Vicentino in the province of Vicenza. The building as it stands today is the work of several architects one of whom was Andrea Palladio. Like several other projects on which Palladio worked, it was commissioned by two brothers, in this case Marcantonio and Adriano Thiene.
Since 1996, the villa has been conserved as part of a World Heritage Site, the "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto". The World Heritage Site also includes the Palazzo Thiene in the city of Vicenza, which belonged to same Thiene brothers.

## History

Palladio was involved with Villa Thiene in the 1540s, making it one of his earlier works. He appears to have adapted a design by Giulio Romano. The extent of Romano's involvement in the project is not clear, in any case he died in Mantua in 1546 while the villa was still under construction. One of the Thiene brothers, Adriano Thiene, had to flee Vicenza in 1547 and building work appears to have been put on hold at that time.

## Architecture

A version of the villa is illustrated and discussed in I quattro libri dell'architettura of 1570. As with a number of the villas described in Palladio's treatise, there are differences between what was published and what was actually built. Palladio's plan indicates that the present building was not intended for the mansion itself, but for one of the agricultural wings. However, there are sixteenth-century frescoes in the building by Giovanni de Mio, suggesting that it was decided at an early state that the building would not be purely utilitarian.
The plan shows two courtyards which were never completed. Courtyards are rather unusual among Palladio's villas, but the architect also proposed courtyards for Villa Serego, another incomplete villa, where one of the courtyards was partially constructed.
The front and rear facades have been modified since the sixteenth century: the front facade is probably the closer to Palladio's intentions, although the brickword would originally have been rendered. The many holes were apparently done during wartime, to extract metal used within the villa's construction.
The garden facade of Villa Thiene has been attributed to eighteenth-century architect Francesco Muttoni. Both the thermal window in the concluding gable and portals in the centre part are displeasing. These elements cannot be reconciled with Palladio's formal idiom.
# Villar de Cañas

Villar de Cañas is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 457 inhabitants.
# Villar de Chinchilla

Villar de Chinchilla is a village in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
38°54′N 1°31′W﻿ / ﻿38.900°N 1.517°W﻿ / 38.900; -1.517
* This Albacete Province location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Villar de Fallaves

Villar de Fallaves is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 96 inhabitants.
# Vincetoxicum anomalum

Vincetoxicum anomalum is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to the island of Bioko and Cameroon in the west of Africa, and from Uganda to KwaZulu-Natal and the island of Mayotte in the east of Africa. It was first described by N. E. Brown in 1908 as Tylophora anomala.

## Distribution

Vincetoxicum anomalum has a discontinuous distribution. In the west of Africa, it is native to the island of Bioko and to Cameroon. In the west of Africa, it is native to Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and to the island of Mayotte in the Mozambique Channel.

## Conservation

Tylophora urceolata was assessed as "vulnerable" in the 2000 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Bioko, Cameroon and Tanzania. As of February 2023, T. urceolata was regarded as a synonym of Vincetoxicum anomalum, which has a wider distribution.
# Claire Malroux

Claire Malroux (born 3 September 1925) is the pen name of French poet, essayist and translator Josette Andrée Malroux. Malroux has published a dozen poetry collections and also serves as the French translator for notable American poets such as Emily Dickinson and Wallace Stevens. Malroux's own poetry has been translated into English by Marilyn Hacker.

## Early life

Malroux was born on 3 September 1925 in Albi, France. She studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Malroux was a teenager during World War II. Her father was Augustin Malroux, a socialist, teacher and member of the French Resistance, which led to his arrest, deportation and death during the war.

## Career

Malroux has published 12 volumes of poetry, in addition to two "hybrid prose works." Four of those volumes (Edge, A Long-Gone Sun, Birds and Bison and Daybreak) have been translated into English by Hacker. Her 1998 work Soleil de jadis: recit poeme tells the story of World War II from a child's perspective through poetry.
Malroux has translated the works of numerous English-language poets into French, but cites Emily Dickinson as one of the most impactful, describing it as the "awakening of a personal affinity." In 1999, she was awarded the title of Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur for her translation work.
# Stephen Johnson (missionary)

Stephen Johnson (Chinese 詹思文 or 杨顺) (Griswold, Connecticut, 15 April 1803-Gouverneur, New York, 1886) was an American Presbyterian missionary in China. He graduated Amherst College in 1827, then Auburn Theological Seminary 1829-1832. In 1847 he founded the first Christian mission in Fuzhou where he remained till 1853 when he returned to America.