OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jaideep Varma

Jaideep Varma is an Indian writer, screenwriter and filmmaker. He has made 5 feature films – Hulla (2008, fiction), Leaving Home – the Life & Music of Indian Ocean (2010, non-fiction), Baavra Mann – a Film on Sudhir Mishra & Other Indian Realities (2013, non fiction), I Am Offended! (2015, non fiction) and Par Ek Din (2017, non fiction). The last three films were made part-time, and therefore on a limited scale.
In 2013, "Hulla" was included in a book on unsung Mumbai cinema classics over 50 years, a book called "40 Retakes" by Avijit Ghosh.
Leaving Home was the first documentary in the history of Indian cinema to release nationally in theatres. It also opened the Indian Panorama at the Goa International Film Festival in 2010 and won the National Film Award in 2011. At the 58th National Film Awards, the documentary went on to win the Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film.
"Baavra Mann" won the "Best Documentary" award at the Washington DC South Asian Film Festival, 2013.
His third full-length documentary film was on stand-up comedy in India and the larger context of contemporary Indian humour. The film is called "I Am Offended" and it released free on Youtube in February 2015 and has over 1.5 million views - the only Indian full-length feature online to have these many views.
Before that, he published a novel (Local) in 2005.
Between 1989 and 2000, he worked in advertising as a copywriter (in agencies like Mudra Communications, Ogilvy & Mather, Everest Saatchi & Saatchi, Nexus Equity and Cornerstone).
He also wrote for various publications primarily on music, most notably for the magazine Gentleman (magazine) between 1998 and 2001.
In March 2009, he accidentally created the Impact Index – an alternative statistical system in cricket. It has gone on to become the most written about alternative statistical system in the history of the game. From 2010 to 2017, he worked full-time on this. In early-2017, he also released a book Numbers Do Lie- 61 Hidden Cricket Facts on behalf of Impact Index (conceived by him) with cricketer and commentator Aakash Chopra (published by HarperCollins). Cricket legend Greg Chappell had this to say after reading the book - ""This book has started a fascinating conversation that will change the face of the way we look at the game and those who have played it."

## Filmography

* Hulla (2008, fiction)
* Leaving Home – the Life & Music of Indian Ocean (2010, non-fiction)
* Baavra Mann – a Film on Sudhir Mishra & Other Indian Realities (2013, non-fiction).
* I Am Offended! (2015, non-fiction).
* Par Ek Din (2017, non-fiction).
# Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Jacob I of Baden (15 March 1407 – 13 October 1453), was Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1431 to 1453.
He was the elder son of Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and his second wife Anna of Oettingen. Jacob I was a man of deep religious beliefs, well known as a founder of churches. He founded the monastery at Fremersberg and was a major benefactor of the Stiftskirche at Baden-Baden.
According to his father's precepts, only two of his sons were to be considered heirs of the margravate. Therefore, only Charles and Bernard received a secular education; the other children had a strict religious upbringing. George, after taking a religious profession in his youth, returned briefly to the world, but in 1454 reverted to holy orders and later became Bishop of Metz.
Jacob I was the opposite of his father; Enea Silvio de Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) characterized him as famous among the Germans for his justice and intelligence.
In his early years he was ruler of the family possessions in Hohenberg, until at the age of 24 he succeeded to the government of Baden. He was described as a pugnacious knight and a frugal father of the state and was popular among the princes as a mediator. Both Emperor Sigismund and Emperor Frederick III, under whom he served, thought highly of him.
When as the result of a miscarriage his sister Agnes fled in the middle of a conflict about inheritance, the Margrave lost his claim to the Duchy of Schleswig. He was so angry that he confined Agnes for the rest of her life in Eberstein Castle in Ebersteinburg. (The incident is remembered as the "Double Disaster of Gottorf").
When in 1437 the Treaty of Sponheim came into force, Jacob and Frederick III, Count of Veldenz jointly inherited the County of Sponheim on the death of John V, Count of Sponheim-Starkenburg, thus gaining possessions on the Moselle. In 1442 he bought for 30,000 guilders from the descendants of Walter von Geroldseck half the lordship of Lahr and Mahlberg.

## Family and children

Jakob married 25 July 1418 Catherine, daughter of Charles II, Duke of Lorraine and Margaret of the Palatinate. They had the following children:
* Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1427 – 24 February 1475, Pforzheim), married Catherine of Austria
* Bernard II, Margrave of Baden-Baden (later beatified) (1428 – 12 July 1458, Moncalieri).
* John (1430 – 9 February 1503, Ehrenbreitstein), Archbishop of Trier.
* Margarete (1431 – 24 October 1457, Ansbach), married 1446 to Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg
* George (1433 – 11 February 1484, Moyen), Bishop of Metz.
* Markus (1434 – 1 September 1478), canon in Liége and Strassburg.
* Matilde (1435/39 – 18 April 1485), Abbess in Trier.
He also had an illegitimate son, Rudolf of Baden.
# The Thuggery Affair

The Thuggery Affair is the sixth in a series of novels about the modern Marlow family by children's author Antonia Forest, first published in 1965. It is preceded by Peter's Room and succeeded by The Ready-Made Family.

## Plot introduction

The Thuggery Affair is unusual in terms of the wider Marlow saga, in being a boy-dominated story. The main characters are Peter and Lawrie Marlow and their friend and neighbour Patrick Merrick. Nicola, the usual heroine of the series, is visiting her friend Miranda in London and Ginty is visiting her French grandmother. The action is set mainly in Colebridge, the nearest town to the Marlow family's home at Trennels, during spring half-term.

## Plot summary

Miss Maudie Culver, a local landowner, employs a gang of juvenile delinquents to help her look after her pigeons. Patrick Merrick incurs her wrath when his falcon kills two of the birds. Peter notices that one of the pigeons is carrying a drug capsule. Patrick sneaks into Miss Culver's dovecote (a huge stone edifice) but is apprehended by the thugs. A scuffle breaks out, a gang member is stabbed to death and the thugs flee. Jukie, the gang leader, requisitions Miss Culver's car and attempts to escape, taking Patrick with him. They discuss Catholicism, Jukie's childhood and the H-bomb. The car swerves as Patrick attempts to stop them hitting a police roadblock. Jukie is killed when the car hits a tree but Patrick is thrown clear.

## Reception

The Thuggery Affair was relatively unsuccessful compared to other books in the series, being printed in only one hardback and one paperback edition during Forest's lifetime; it was finally reprinted by Girls Gone By in 2005. Commenting on the book, Antonia Forest explained it was, 'written during that long-dead period when teenagers talked self-invented languages, incomprehensible to any other age-group. Unfortunately, I think I was the only person who did understand what my characters were saying.'
# Jagur

Jagur was a town in ancient Israel. Jagur was located in the southernmost district of Judah (Josh. 15:21). Jagur ('Ajjur) is located some 24 kilometers (15 mi) northwest of Hebron, and only a few kilometers southwest of Beit Shemesh. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council.
# Jaguwala

Jaguwala is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Chunian Tehsil and is located at 31°58'0N 73°19'60E with an altitude of 180 metres (593 feet).
# Jacques de Waru

Jacques Laurens de Waru (23 November 1865 – 21 May 1911) was a French equestrian. He competed in the equestrian mail coach event at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
# Jaka Jazbec

Jaka Jazbec is an Italian sprint canoer who has competed since the mid-2000s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m at the 2005 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Zagreb.
# Jacob Chikuhwa

Dr. Jacob Wilson Chikuhwa is an author and leading political and cultural historian of Zimbabwe. Now retired and living in Sweden, he is the author of thirteen books on Zimbabwe, and is a lecturer and painter. Chikuhwa also operates the Chiedza Business Consultancy, a company based in Stockholm, Sweden which offers seminars in business management.

## Early years

In 1959, Edgar Whitehead's government of Southern Rhodesia banned the ANC (African National Congress) and arrested nearly 500 leaders including one of young Jacob Chikuhwa's teachers. Shortly thereafter, the National Democratic Party against minority rule was formed and lasted less than two years. When the NDP was banned, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) was formed and Jacob Chikuhwa was a member of the youth league involved in political activities against colonial rule.

## In exile

Chikuhwa was arrested in 1964 for his involvement in the resistance. Following his release from detention, he escaped into Zambia and later got a scholarship to study in the former Soviet Union where he received degrees in Economics and International Relations from the Kiev Institute of National Economy in Ukraine. Dr. Chikuhwa sought political asylum in Sweden where he attended the University of Stockholm. In the mid 1970s he became the publicity secretary for ZANU in Northern Europe, establishing a monthly Journal Zimbabwe Chimurenga/Impi yeNkululeko (Zimbabwe Revolution). He returned to Zimbabwe in 1981, following decolonization, but left again in 1989 to return to Sweden.

## Zimbabwe historian

Because of his close contact with Zimbabwean government officials dating back to his detention and time in exile, Dr. Chikuhwa published his first book on Zimbabwe in 1998. Dr. Chikuhwa was in Zimbabwe when the opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) participated in the June 2000 parliamentary election, and March 2002 presidential election, and has described being tortured by ZANU-PF officials for his MDC involvement during that period. He has since returned to Sweden where he became MDC Representative in Scandinavia and now writes full-time and lectures on Zimbabwe, in the US and Sweden.
# Jacob Christiaan Pielat

Jacques Christian or Jacob Christiaan Pielat (sometimes Pielaat) (27 August 1692, Rotterdam – c. 3 August 1740, Loosduinen) was the 22nd Governor of Ceylon during the Dutch colonial time from 2 December 1732 until 27 January 1734.
Pielat was the sixth child of Phinéas Pielat (1645–1700), a Protestant minister originally from the Principality of Orange, and his second wife Jeanne de Vernatti. Pielat joined the Dutch East India Company and worked his way up to opperkoopman (upper-merchant) in the Dutch Indies. From at least 1720 he was captain and charged with the military accompaniment of goods from Patna to the Dutch factory in Hugly in Dutch Bengal. After a period of being secunde ("vice-governor") in Ternate, he succeeded Stephanus Versluys as governor of Amboina from 1728–29 to 1731. Subsequently, he was appointed Extraordinary Councillor of India. and in 1732 he became governor of Ceylon, again succeeding Versluys. After his term as governor he left the customary "memoir" for his successor, Diederik van Domburg, and returned to the Netherlands where he would die 8 years later. He was buried on 6 August 1740 in The Hague. He was married to Amarante/Amarantha van der Elst (born 1690 in Delft) with whom he had children born in Batavia and Ternate. In 1719, Everard Kraeyvanger wrote a poem for Amaranta in consolation for the loss of two of her children in Batavia. His surviving son Diederik Christiaan would become mayor of Schiedam.
# The Very Best of Meat Loaf

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
The Very Best of Meat Loaf is a 1998 album spanning the first 21 years of Meat Loaf's recording career. Although not reaching the top ten in the United Kingdom, it was certified double platinum there in 2013. The album features many of Meat Loaf's best-known songs as well as a few from his lesser known albums of the 1980s.
Besides hits like "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" and "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", The Very Best of Meat Loaf contains three new tracks. Two of those are written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jim Steinman and are adapted from their musical Whistle Down the Wind; both of these tracks were produced by Steinman. The third new track, "Is Nothing Sacred" is written by Steinman and lyricist Don Black, and produced by Russ Titelman (the single version of this song is a duet with Patti Russo, whereas the album version is a solo song by Meat Loaf. The single version would later appear on the VH1 Storytellers CD).
Both Bat Out of Hell and Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell are prominently featured with five tracks from the first and four from the second. The album did not feature any songs from his 1986 album Blind Before I Stop.
The album was re-released in 2003 with the same tracks in a different order, and did so again in 2011 with the original order but now under the title The Essential Meat Loaf. Following an appearance on VH1 Storytellers in 1999 (which was released as an album and a DVD), Meat Loaf's next studio album was the 2003 album, Couldn't Have Said It Better.

## Track listing
### 2003 re-release

* Disc one
* "Bat Out of Hell"
* "Dead Ringer for Love"
* "Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"
* "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
* "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)"
* "Modern Girl"
* "Midnight at the Lost and Found"
* "Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are"
* "Life Is a Lemon and I Want My Money Back" (remix)
* Disc two
* "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)"
* "You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth (Hot Summer Night)"
* "Heaven Can Wait"
* "Not a Dry Eye in the House"
* "Paradise by the Dashboard Light"
* "A Kiss Is a Terrible Thing to Waste"
* "Is Nothing Sacred"
* "Home by Now/No Matter What"
* "Nocturnal Pleasure"

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 116 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 29 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 5 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 22 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 18 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 39 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 14 |
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 24 |
# Callama River

The Callama River is a river in the Potosí Department of Bolivia.
# Edge dominating set

In graph theory, an edge dominating set for a graph G = (V, E) is a subset D ⊆ E such that every edge not in D is adjacent to at least one edge in D. An edge dominating set is also known as a line dominating set. Figures (a)–(d) are examples of edge dominating sets (thick red lines).
A minimum edge dominating set is a smallest edge dominating set. Figures (a) and (b) are examples of minimum edge dominating sets (it can be checked that there is no edge dominating set of size 2 for this graph).

## Properties

An edge dominating set for G is a dominating set for its line graph L(G) and vice versa.
Any maximal matching is always an edge dominating set. Figures (b) and (d) are examples of maximal matchings.
Furthermore, the size of a minimum edge dominating set equals the size of a minimum maximal matching. A minimum maximal matching is a minimum edge dominating set; Figure (b) is an example of a minimum maximal matching. A minimum edge dominating set is not necessarily a minimum maximal matching, as illustrated in Figure (a); however, given a minimum edge dominating set D, it is easy to find a minimum maximal matching with |D| edges (see, e.g., Yannakakis & Gavril 1980).

## Algorithms and computational complexity

Determining whether there is an edge dominating set of a given size for a given graph is an NP-complete problem (and therefore finding a minimum edge dominating set is an NP-hard problem). Yannakakis & Gavril (1980) show that the problem is NP-complete even in the case of a bipartite graph with maximum degree 3, and also in the case of a planar graph with maximum degree 3.
There is a simple polynomial-time approximation algorithm with approximation factor 2: find any maximal matching. A maximal matching is an edge dominating set; furthermore, a maximal matching M can be at worst 2 times as large as a smallest maximal matching, and a smallest maximal matching has the same size as the smallest edge dominating set.
Also the edge-weighted version of the problem can be approximated within factor 2, but the algorithm is considerably more complicated (Fujito & Nagamochi 2002; Parekh 2002).
Chlebík & Chlebíková (2006) show that finding a better than (7/6)-approximation is NP-hard. Schmied & Viehmann proved that the Problem is UGC-hard to approximate to within any constant better than 3/2.
# YRE

YRE may refer to:
* Young Reporters for the Environment
* Youth against Racism in Europe
* Radio Broadcasting Service (Yperesia Radiofonikes Ekpompes, Υπηρεσία Ραδιοφωνικής Εκπομπής), a predecessor of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation
# Shipwreck Radio

Shipwreck Radio is a series of albums by Nurse With Wound documenting their residency in Lofoten, Norway during June and July 2004. Invited to stay in the unofficial capital, fishing village Svolvær, Steven Stapleton and Colin Potter were commissioned to produce 3 radio broadcasts per week for local station Lofotradioen of music constructed from whatever they heard or could find around the island. The project was instigated by Anne Hilde Neset and Rob Young of The Wire and by Kunst I Nordland, an organisation committed to bringing contemporary art to the county of Nordland.
The duo created 24 broadcasts in total, each of either 15 or 30 minutes duration. Each broadcast was preceded by a jingle of a male voice saying "Velkommen Til Utvær" followed by a female voice saying the English translation "Welcome To Utvær", Utvær being the most remote island in Lofoten, with no permanent residents but 2 lighthouse keepers on hand. Many of the broadcasts treated or manipulated the two introductory voices with one consisting of nothing but such manipulations. 20 of these transmissions have been made available by Nurse With Wound across a number of separate releases with all tracks listed only by the date of original broadcast.

## Shipwreck Radio Volume One

A double CD issued on Colin Potter's own ICR label. The release is subtitled "Seven Sonic Structures From Utvær". It was issued in November 2004.
Disc One
* "June 15" – 16:01
* "June 17" – 30:39
* "July 24" – 15:22
Disc Two
* "June 5" – 15:13
* "July 6" – 15:02
* "June 3" – 15:57
* "June 20" – 15:26
An initial run of 150 copies came with a third disc entitled Lofoten Deadhead.
* "July 8" – 14:51
* "June 5" – 30:02
* "July 10" – 15:08
June 5 mostly consists of untreated recordings of Stapleton and Potter walking around their environs recording basic sounds for use.

## Shipwreck Radio Volume Two

A second double CD, again issued on ICR. The release is subtitled "Eight Enigmatic Episodes from Utvær". It was released in November 2005.
Disc One
* "June 12" – 14:52
* "June 9" – 15:28
* "July 4" – 15:02
* "July 21" – 15:33
Disc Two
* "July 18" – 16:29
* "June 6" – 15:35
* "July 28" – 15:03
* "June 19" – 14:35
An initial run of 250 copies came with a third disc entitled Gulls Just Wanna Have Fun. Tracks 5, 8 and 10 begin with the "Welcome to Utvær" jingle, but due to a lack of dating on the packaging, it is unknown if these were actual broadcasts or simply outtakes. The shorter pieces are sound experiments.
* untitled – 0:59
* untitled – 15:58
* untitled – 1:09
* untitled – 0:56
* untitled – 9:34
* untitled – 0:40
* untitled – 0:55
* untitled – 14:49
* untitled – 2:20
* untitled – 14:20
* untitled – 15:00
* untitled – 3:14

## Shipwreck Radio: Final Broadcasts

This is a single disc, issued by ICR in June 2006, initially sold at NWW's live performances in San Francisco.
* "June 22" – 30:18
* "July 13" – 30:29
# Sternocleidomastoid branches of occipital artery

The two sternocleidomastoid branches of the occipital artery (sternocleidomastoid artery) arise directly from the occipital artery and are the initial two branches of this artery. Uncommonly, the lower sternocleidomastoid branch can branch directly from the external carotid.
The lower sternocleidomastoid branch passes infero-external to the hypoglossal nerve before descending into the substance of the muscle to which its name is derived. The upper sternocleidomastoid branch diverts from the main trunk at the deep border of the proximal end of the posterior digastric muscle belly, coursing with the spinal accessory nerve prior to arborising into the sternocleidomastoid.
# Spaghetti strap

A spaghetti strap (also called a noodle strap) is a very thin shoulder strap used to support clothing, while providing minimal shoulder straps over otherwise bare shoulders. It is commonly used in garments such as swimwear, camisoles, crop tops, brassieres, sundresses, cocktail dresses, and evening gowns, so-named for its resemblance to the thin pasta strings called spaghetti.
Spaghetti straps are fragile suspenders meant to support a light clothing.

## Dress codes

Spaghetti straps may not meet some dress codes. For example, they are not welcome at Ascot Racecourse as well as in traditionalist societies like Saudi Arabia or Afghanistan.
# Brandon Mosley

Brandon Mosley (born December 21, 1988) is a former American football guard. He played college football for Auburn University and was selected by the Giants in the 4th round of the 2012 NFL draft.

## Early life

Mosley attended Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Georgia, where he played defensive end for the Jefferson Dragons high school football team.

## College career

Mosley attended Coffeyville Community College, where he played defensive end and tight end for the Coffeyville Red Ravens football team from 2008 to 2009.
Rated as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Mosley was ranked as the No. 19 junior college prospect in 2010.
Mosley accepted an athletic scholarship to attend Auburn University, where he played for coach Gene Chizik's Auburn Tigers football team from 2010 to 2011.
Mosley went on to become a two-year starter for the Tigers at right tackle.

## Professional career

Mosley was selected with the 131st overall pick in the fourth round of the 2012 NFL draft by the New York Giants. On September 1, 2015, he was waived/injured by the Giants. On the following day, Mosley cleared waivers and was reverted to the Giants' injured reserve list.
# Solo Guitar (Alan Sparhawk album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | |
Solo Guitar is the 2006 album by Low frontman Alan Sparhawk. Always staying true to its name, the album features several musical vignettes, the sounds of which attempt to recreate the situations described in their titles, for instance, "How The Weather Comes Over The Central Hillside". The album is almost entirely made up of avant-garde and ambient soundscapes, rarely venturing into melodic music.

## Track listing

* "How the Weather Comes Over the Central Hillside"
* "Sagrado Corazón de Jesú (First Attempt)"
* "Sagrado Corazón de Jesú (Second Attempt)"
* "How a Freighter Comes into the Harbor"
* "How the Weather Hits the Freighter...."
* "In the Harbor"
* "How the Engine Room Sounds"
* "Eruption by Eddie Van Halen"
* "How It Ends"