OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Risk Assessment under the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement

The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the "SPS Agreement") governs rules for food safety and animal and plant health standards. The SPS Agreement permits countries to implement measures provided that they are based on science, are applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal and plant life or health and do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between countries where identical or similar conditions prevail.

## Description

A critical feature of the SPS Agreement is that Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures ("SPS measures") must be based on a 'risk assessment'. Article 2.2 of the SPS Agreement requires SPS measures to be maintained with sufficient scientific evidence. Furthermore, SPS measures must be based on appropriate assessments of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health. The risk assessment must, but is not limited to, consider: scientific evidence, relevant processes and production methods, relevant inspection, sampling and testing methods, prevalence of specific diseases or pests, existence of pest or disease free areas, relevant ecological and environmental conditions, and quarantine or other treatment. Exceptionally, Members may adopt provisional measures (not based on a risk assessment) when the relevant scientific evidence is insufficient.
Risk assessment is defined in para4 of Annex A to the SPS agreement: The evaluation of the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease within the territory of an importing Member according to the sanitary or phytosanitary measures which might be applied, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences; or the evaluation of the potential for adverse effects on human or animal health arising from the presence of additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food, beverages or feedstuffs.
Risk assessment represents a quantitative or qualitative estimate of the possible "harmful effect of the intake of or exposure to a substance or activity, determined in accordance with scientifically accepted methodology." The risk to be assessed under article 5.1 must be a specific risk that has "the actual potential for adverse effects on human health in the real world where people live and work and die." This can be contrasted with "risk management", which takes into account the result of the risk assessment in addition to the social values and politics. Risk management seeks to establish the level of risk a particular society is willing to take in relation to the potential harm and the corresponding SPS measure.
# Robert Cross Smith

Robert Cross Smith (1795-1832) was an English astrologer, writing under the pseudonym of "Raphael".
Smith was born in Bristol on March 19, 1795. He married in 1820 and moved to London, where he became interested in astrology. Together with G. W. Graham, he published a book on geomancy in 1822.
Smith began to edit a periodical entitled The Straggling Astrologer in 1824, but failed to receive enough subscribers and the periodical had to be discontinued after a few issues. He collected the issues of the failed periodical in a volume entitled The Astrologer Of The Nineteenth Century in the same year. The volume claimed to be the "sixth edition", but it is believed that editions one to five never existed. A substantially enlarged edition appeared in 1825 as the "seventh edition", with additional material attributed to "Merlinus Anglicus Junior" (Merlinus Anglicus Junior: The English Merlin Revived was the title of a 1644 book by William Lilly). It was printed by Knight & Lacey of London.
From 1827 until his death in 1832, he edited an astrological almanac, entitled The Prophetic Messenger. Also published by Smith was The Familiar Astrologer and A Manual of Astrology, both in 1828.
Smith died on 26 February 1832 in London. His almanac continued to be edited as Raphael’s Ephemeris and would become a standard work in British and US American astrology. Raphael's Ephemeris popularized the system of Placidian system of astrological houses in the English-speaking world and in modern western astrology in general.
A collection of articles on magic and divination from Smith's publications has been collected in "A Sorcerous Anthology, Magick and Occult Writings from the Publications of Robert Cross Smith", available from Topaz House Publications.
# Firearm Battalion

39°57′57″N 116°17′21″E﻿ / ﻿39.965938°N 116.289058°E﻿ / 39.965938; 116.289058 The Firearm Battalion or Huoqiying (simplified Chinese: 火器营; traditional Chinese: 火器營; pinyin: Huǒqì Yíng) was one of the elite military divisions of the Qing dynasty of China stationed around the capital Beijing. It was an army that specialized in managing and practicing firearm weaponries, and an elite unit of the Imperial Guards of the Qing dynasty. The former site of the Firearm Battalion ("Huoqiying") is located directly north of the Indigo Factory in the present-day Haidian District of Beijing, where "Huoqiying" remains as a place name today. There is also a Huoqiying station as a station of the Beijing Subway.

## History

The Firearm Battalion was first established in 1688 in Beijing during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. It was initially called the "Han Army Firearms and Sword Training Camp"（Chinese: 汉军火器兼练大刀营). Three years later (1691) Kangxi Emperor felt the incomparable power of firearms and officially named it the "Firearm Battalion" (Huoqiying), as a special force that incorporated all the musket and cannon specialists previously subordinated to the Eight Banners. This organization consolidated under one command the different artillery units of the Eight Banners resident in Beijing, of the provincial Banner garrisons, and of the Green Standard forces in addition to professionalizing artillery as a separate military corps.
The role of the Firearm Battalion was similar to the Shenjiying of the Ming dynasty. The entire Firearm Battalion practiced firearms training, and the firearms they practiced include shotguns and large cannons. Composed of Eight Banners soldiers, it was responsible for guarding the imperial city. However, the battalion soldiers stationed in the city were stationed in the four cities of the city along with the Eight Banners soldiers. Each banner was equipped with a part of the Firearm Battalion soldiers, which was very inconvenient to train, and firearm manufacturing and training also required a large space.
In 1770, Qianlong Emperor approved that the Manchu Eight Banners officers and soldiers of the Firearm Battalion were moved outside the city and stationed in the same camp. The Firearm Battalion was built in the northwest suburb of Lindigo Factory outside the city. The Firearm Battalion area was built along the direction of the Kunyu River and was adjacent to the Summer Palace to the north. The building took three years and was completed in 1773. In order to distinguish it from the previous Firearm Battalion in the inner city, it was also called the "Outer Firearm Battalion".
The streets and lanes in the Firearm Battalion were in the shape of a checkerboard, and the large wall surrounding the camp was four kilometers long and made of three-piece earthen barriers. There was a river guarding the Firearm Battalion outside the Battalion wall, which played a role in drainage. The wall had four gates in the east, west, north and south, and there was a flat bridge with each gate.
# RoRo (singer)

RoRo is a singer and songwriter from Barbados. In 2023, her single "Good Love", which she co-wrote and performed with Hannah Laing, spent 26 weeks on the UK Singles Chart. It peaked at number 7, and was certified BPI platinum. RoRo has been regularly played on both BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 6, with her 2020 release "Mood Forever" earning her the "New Name" slot on the Annie Mac show. Her music has been described as "laid back R&B" influenced by calypso and soca, and as "distinctive Caribbean ingrained pop". RoRo's song "See Me" was on the soundtrack for the 2022 horror film spoof The Blackening, released in 2023.

## Discography
### EPs

* Mood Forever (2020)
* Meet Me Where I'm At (2022)

### Singles

* "Mine" (2019)
* "Black - Palace of Me" (2020)
* "R$ch B$tch" (2021)
* "Callin' in Thicc" (2022)
* "See Me" (2022)
* "Good Love" (with Hannah Laing, 2023, WUGD)
* "Shake Shake" (with Riton and Ian Asher, 2024)
# Roar of the Press

Roar of the Press is a 1941 American comedy drama crime film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Jean Parker, Wallace Ford and Suzanne Kaaren. It was produced and distributed as a second feature by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

Married only a few hours, small-town girl Alice makes her first visit to New York with new husband Wally Williams, a hotshot reporter for the Globe.
A body falls from a building. Williams steals the identification and calls in the story to city editor MacEwen, who makes Wally follow it up. Reporters' wives warn Alice to expect this kind of thing.
A personal ad leads Wally to a second corpse. The police read about in the Globe and angrily haul Wally in for questioning. Alice's irritation grows, as does that of reporters from other newspapers at Wally's continued scoops.
Evildoers from an anti-American organization kidnap Wally, and when he won't reveal how he gets his information, they grab Alice as well. Sparrow McGraun runs a numbers racket but likes Wally better than these foreigners, so he saves the newlyweds. A grateful Wally gives this scoop to every paper except the Globe.

## Genre

Adventure, comedy and Crime

## Production

The production Company was the ''Monogram Pictures''. The film was written by Albert Duffy, directed by Phil Rosen, produced by Scott R. Dunlap, edited by Jack Ogilvie and distributed by Monogram Pictures.
The film release date was in April 18, 1941 with a screen running time of 71 minutes in the united states.

## Cast

* Jean Parker as Alice Williams
* Wallace Ford as Wally Williams
* Jed Prouty as Gordon MacEwan
* Suzanne Kaaren as Angela Brooks
* Harland Tucker as Harry Brooks
* Evalyn Knapp as Evelyn
* Robert Frazer as Louis Detmar
* Dorothy Lee as Frances Harris
* John Holland as Robert Mallon
* Maxine Leslie as Mrs. Mabel Leslie
* Paul Fix as 'Sparrow' McGraun
* Betty Compson as Mrs. Thelma Tate
* Matty Fain as Nick Paul
* Eddie Foster as Fingers
* Charles King as Police Lieutenant Homer Thomas
* Frank O'Connor as Police Lieutenant Jim Hall
* Dennis Moore as Henchman Toughy
* Robert Pittard as Tommy
# Fish Creek, Georgia

Fish Creek (also known as Fish or Fish Creek Station) is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Georgia, United States.

## History

A post office was established as Fish in 1874, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1934. The community took its name from nearby Fish Creek. Congressman Robert W. Everett lived in Fish while he served in congress.
# Fish Cabin at White Rock Shoals

The Fish Cabin at White Rock Shoals is a historic fish cabin near St. James City, Florida.

## Description and history

The fish cabin is located at the south end of Pine Island in the Pine Island Sound. It was built before 1930 by the Punta Gorda Fish Co. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as part of a multiple property submission of fish cabins in Charlotte Harbor.
# Ričardas Panavas

Ričardas Panavas (born 1 April 1972) is a Lithuanian cross-country skier. He competed at the 1992, 1994, 1998 and the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# River Walkham

River Walkham is a river whose source is on Dartmoor, Devon, England.
It rises in the wide gap between Roos Tor and Great Mis Tor and flows almost due south for approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) leaving the tors and thus National Park behind then south-west for 1 mile (1.6 km) past Woodtown. The river then reaches a village, Horrabridge, with a small compact network of streets mainly on the south or left bank. It receives most of its tributaries which are unnamed headwaters along its south-flowing inception, draining the near side of two series of six tors (peaks) to the west ending in Pew Tor at 320 metres and likewise to the east ending in Leeden Tor at 389 metres (above mean sea level). In absolute distance, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the village and the same south of the small well-preserved town of Tavistock by a footbridge on the West Devon Way the Walkham joins the Tavy which discharges into the Tamar Estuary north of the Plymouth conurbation after a fast descent around wide hillsides, a few miles south.
The confluence of the Walkham and Tavy is a few hundred metres downstream from the Tavistock Canal a mainly closed canal with many mining heritage centres, leading to the Tavy's near-neighbour, the River Tamar.

## In popular culture

Television presenter Angela Rippon wrote in her book about the West Country that the River Walkham was "one of the loveliest rivers in Devon".
# Fisher's Folly

Fisher's Folly was a large mansion on Bishopsgate Street, in Bishopsgate, London, built by Jasper Fisher in the 16th century. In his 1598 Survey of London, Stow reports that the home was "so large and sumptuosly builded" by a man deeply in debt that it became known as Fisher's Folly.
Despite his own excessive debt, Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford bought the mansion in 1580. Oxford's biographer, Alan H. Nelson, quotes Stow's 1598 description of the house as "farre more large and beautifull" than its neighbors "with Gardens of pleasure, bowling Alleys, and such like." The Queen lodged at Fisher's Folly, though it's unclear whether she stayed at the home "before, during, or after Oxford's approximately eight-year-tenure."
William Cornwallis purchased the home from Oxford in 1588. Stow reports that a "Roger Manars"—presumably Roger Manners—owned the property by 1603. In the 17th century, the Earls of Devonshire owned it. By 1773, it had been mostly demolished. Approximately 45 metres (148 ft) of wall from the building survives behind buildings on Devonshire Row and is Grade II listed.
Today the location is still called Devonshire Square. It and nearby Devonshire Street and Devonshire Place all take their names from the Earls of Devonshire who called the place home more than three centuries ago.
# Fisher

Fisher is an archaic term for a fisherman, revived as gender-neutral.
Fisher, Fishers or The Fisher may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Division of Fisher, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives, in Queensland
* Electoral district of Fisher, a state electoral district in South Australia
* Fisher, Australian Capital Territory
* Fisher, Queensland, a suburb in the City of Mount Isa
* Fisher, South Australia, a locality
* Hundred of Fisher, a cadastral unit in South Australia

### Canada

* Rural Municipality of Fisher
* Fisher (electoral district), a former provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada

### United Kingdom

* Fisher Bank, a sea area of the UK shipping forecast

### United States

* Fisher, Arkansas
* Fisher, Illinois
* Fisher, Louisiana
* Fisher, Minnesota
* Fisher, Missouri
* Fisher, Oregon, an unincorporated community
* Fisher, Pennsylvania
* Fisher, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Fisher Island, Florida
* Fishers, Indiana
* Fishers, New York
* Fishers Island, New York

#### Archaeological sites

* Fisher site, an archaeological site in Greene County, Pennsylvania
* Fisher Farm site, an archaeological site in the Centre County, Pennsylvania

## Law

* Fisher v. University of Texas (2013), a 2013 Supreme Court case
* Fisher v. University of Texas (2016), a 2016 Supreme Court case

## Organizations

* Fisher Body, a former automobile coachbuilder
* Max M. Fisher College of Business, part of the Ohio State University
* Fisher Communications
* Fisher F.C., a football club in England
* Fisher Electronics, a Sanyo subsidiary producing hi-fi equipment
** The Fisher (electronics manufacturer), a line of electronics marketed by Avery Fisher and predecessor to Fisher Electronics
* Fisher House Foundation, an organization funding the construction of family lodging facilities near military hospitals

## People

* Fisher (surname), an English surname
* Fisher (musician), Australian house music producer
* Fisher Ames (1758–1808), American politician
* Fisher A. Blocksom (1782–1876), American politician and lawyer from Ohio
* Fisher Stevens (born 1963), American actor, director, producer and writer
* Sergey Golovkin (1959–1996), Russian serial killer known as "The Fisher"

## Science and mathematics

* Fisher meteorite of 1894, which landed in Minnesota, United States (see meteorite falls)
* Fisher's exact test, a statistical significance test
* Fisher's method, also known as Fisher's combined probability test
* Fisher equation, an equation in financial mathematics and economics
* Fisher transformation, a transformation in statistics used to test some hypotheses

## Other uses

* Fisher (animal) (Pekania pennanti), a North American mustelid
* Fisher (band), a rock band featuring Kathy Fisher as lead singer
* Fisher (comic strip), a Canadian comic strip by Philip Street
* Fisher (yachts), motorsailers first built in the 1970s
* "Fisherrr", song by Cash Cobain and Bay Swag
# Fissurina subcomparimuralis

Fissurina subcomparimuralis is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Florida, it was described as new to science in 2011.
# Flax biaki

Flax biaki is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Indonesia (it was described from Biak Island, Western New Guinea).
The wingspan is about 9 mm.
# Flax brevipennis

Flax brevipennis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2011. It is found in Indonesia (western Sumatra).
The wingspan is 10–11 mm.
# Rivista Storica Italiana

Rivista Storica Italiana is an Italian academic journal in the field of history. It was established in 1884. It covers the study of all major fields of history, from ancient to modern, in a regional as well as a global perspective, and is published in Italian three times a year (in Spring, Summer and Winter) by Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.
The journal has been called "the grand old man of Italian history journals" and has been noted for its wide range in topics and chronology and for its long articles, often 50 pages or more.
# Robert O'Brien (cricketer)

Robert O'Brien (16 July 1869 – 2 October 1922) was an Australian cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Queensland between 1892 and 1897.
# Robert Miller Hardt

Robert Miller Hardt (born June 24, 1945, Pittsburgh) is an American mathematician. His research deals with geometric measure theory, partial differential equations, and continuum mechanics. He is particularly known for his work with Leon Simon proving the boundary regularity of volume minimizing hypersurfaces.
Hardt received in 1967 his bachelor's degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1971 his Ph.D. from Brown University under Herbert Federer with thesis Slicing and Intersection Theory for Chains Associated with Real Analytic Varieties. In 1971 he became an instructor and later a professor at the University of Minnesota. In 1988 he became a professor at Rice University, where he is W. L. Moody Professor. His doctoral students include Fang-Hua Lin.
Hardt was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1976 and at IHES in 1978 and 1981. He was a visiting professor at the University of Melbourne in 1979, at Stanford University and at the University of Wuppertal.
In 1986 Hardt was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in Berkeley, California. In 2015 he was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected publications
### Articles

* Stratification of real analytic mappings and images, Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 28, 1975, pp. 193–208
* with Leon Simon: Boundary regularity and embedded solutions of the oriented Plateau problem, Annals of Mathematics, vol. 110, 1979, pp. 439–486. doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-1979-14581-6
* with Fang‐Hua Lin: Mappings minimizing the L$^p$ norm of the gradient, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 40, no. 5, 1987, pp. 555–588. doi:10.1002/cpa.3160400503
* Singularities of Harmonic Maps, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 34, 1997, pp. 15–34 doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-97-00692-7

### Books

* with Leon Simon: Seminar on geometric measure theory. DMV Seminar, Vol. 7, Birkhauser, 1986.
* as editor with Michael Wolf: Nonlinear partial differential equations in differential geometry, AMS, Institute for Advanced Study 1996
* as editor: Six Themes on Variation, Student Mathematical Library, Vol. 26, AMS, 2004
* with Thierry De Pauw and W.F. Pfeffer: Homology of normal chains and cohomology of charges, Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, 2017.
# Robert Hervey

Robert Hervey (August 10, 1820 – December 16, 1903) was the third mayor of Bytown in 1849. He was a Canadian and later American lawyer.
He was born in Glasgow in 1820. He came to Canada where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He partnered in a law practice in Bytown with John Bower Lewis. Hervey was mayor at the time of the Stony Monday Riot where supporters of Hervey, a Tory, clashed with Reformists in what is now the Byward Market area. In 1852, he moved to Chicago, where he continued to practice law. He was one of the founding members of the Chicago Bar Association.
# Robert Poston

Robert Poston may refer to:
* Robert Lincoln Poston (1891–1924), American journalist and editor
* Robert S. Poston (born 1967), American surgeon
# Robert Potter (rugby union)

Robert Thomas Potter (born c. 1942) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Potter, a wing, was born in Toowoomba, Queensland and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia. Robert Thomas Potter, born at Toowoomba, attended Downlands College, Rugby nursery of one of Australia's greatest centres, Tim Horan. Potter was a tall, robust and courageous wing three-quarter. As a law student he joined the Queensland University Club, and soon won selection in the State XV. He played just one Test match - against Fiji, in Sydney on 17 June 1961, when Australia won by 26 points to 14.
His selection surprised some commentators, but he played soundly. However, he was replaced in the next Test, played in Melbourne, by a Victorian representative, Adrian Turnbull, whose own Test career was just as brief.
# Fire Station No. 14 (Tacoma, Washington)

Fire Station No. 14 is a fire station located at 4701 Forty–first Street in Tacoma, Washington. The architect was Morton J. Nicholson and the station was built in 1928 by Martin H. Marker. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1986, as part of a thematic group "Historic Fire Stations of Tacoma, Washington.
# Robert Parry Nisbet

Robert Parry Nisbet JP DL (1793 – 31 May 1882) was a British public man. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1849, from 1852 a Deputy Lieutenant for the county, and Conservative Member of Parliament for Chippenham from a by-election in 1856 to the 1859 general election.
After an early career in the Indian Civil Service in Bengal, Nisbet settled at Southbroom House near Devizes, Wiltshire. In his Will, proved in 1882, he left the large fortune of £52,000, including property at Dinapore, India, to his family, £50 to be spent on coals and blankets for the poor of Southbroom, and £1 to each resident of the almshouses near the gates of his house.
Nisbet's grandson Douglas Robert Hadow (1846–1865) was killed in a mountaineering accident a few hours after taking part in the first ascent of the Matterhorn. Another grandson, Frank Hadow, won the Wimbledon championship in 1878.