OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christine De Mol

Christine De Mol (born 23 April 1954) is a Belgian applied mathematician and mathematical physicist interested in inverse problems, regularization, wavelets, and machine learning, and known for her work on proximal gradient methods and the application of proximal gradient methods for learning. She is a professor of mathematics at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and the former chair of the SIAM Activity Group on Imaging Science.

## Education

De Mol was educated at the Université libre de Bruxelles, earning a licence in physics in 1975 and a Ph.D. in 1979, with a dissertation Sur la régularisation des problèmes inverses linéaires under the joint supervision of Jean Reignier and Mario Bertero.

## Career

De Mol became a researcher for the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), obtaining a permanent position there in 1981 and becoming a director of research in 1996. Meanwhile, she had obtained a habilitation from the Université libre de Bruxelles; her habilitation thesis was Super-résolution en microscopie confocale. In 1998 she gave up her position with the FNRS, becoming an honorary researcher with them, to become a full professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles. She was head of the mathematics department at the university for 2009–2010, and chair of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Activity Group on Imaging Science for 2012–2013.
# Chromis limbata

The Azores chromis or Atlantic chromis (Chromis limbata) is a species of damselfish from the family Pomacentridae which is found in the Macaronesian Islands of the temperate eastern Atlantic Ocean and has been reported from coastal regions of western Africa.

## Description

Chromis limbata is greyish-brown in colour with a dark dorsal fin, anal fin and distal margin of the caudal fin, with its proximate part being whitish. When spawning, the male develops a slightly purple hue as its courtship colours. It has a large eye and a strongly protractile mouth which reaches the vertical from eye. There are three rows of small canine-like teeth on the jaws. The dorsal fin has 14 spines and 11-12 soft rays while the anal fin has 2 spines and 10-12 soft rays. It grows to 12 cm (4.7 in) standard length.

## Distribution

Chromis limbata occurs in the Azores and Madeira which are part of Portugal and in the Canary Islands, Spain. It has also been reported off the coast of western Africa from Senegal to Pointe Noire, Congo. It is apparently replaced in the Cape Verde Islands by the endemic Lubbock's chromis (Chromis lubbocki). Small numbers of C. limbata have been recorded off islands in Santa Catarina in southern Brazil and these may be vagrants or may have been introduced through discharge of ships' ballast water.

## Biology

The adults of Chromis limbata occur in rocky reefs and sandy-weedy areas, with a depth range of 5–45 metres (16–148 ft). They are oviparous and form pairs to breed, the male clears a space on the substrate for the female to lay the eggs in, the eggs adhere to the substrate and the male guards and aerates them. It is commonest between depths of 5 to 50 m (16 to 164 ft). It can either be found close to the sea bed or it forms pelagic schools. It feeds on small benthic or planktonic invertebrates.

## Taxonomy

It was formerly considered conspecific with Chromis chromis but in some areas the two species are sympatric.

## Uses

Chromis limbata is a valued food fish in Madeira and is subject to a small scale artisanal fishery, especially off the south and east of the island.
# Chrysothrix occidentalis

Chrysothrix occidentalis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) dust lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. This yellow lichen occurs in Western Australia in open Eucalyptus forests.

## Taxonomy

It was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Australian lichenologists John Alan Elix and Gintaras Kantvilas. The type specimen was collected from the Darling Plateau in the Brookton Highway Nature Reserve in Western Australia at an altitude of 285 m (935 ft), where, in Eucalyptus woodland, it was found growing on a sheltered laterite ledge. The species name, occidentalis, means "west", and refers to the lichen's distribution in Western Australia.

## Description

Chrysothrix occidentalis has a powdery, crust-like appearance that ranges in colour from bright yellow to yellow-green or yellow-orange. It does not have a protective outer layer (cortex and its structure is simple, adhering directly to its substrate. The lichen forms small, somewhat round colonies about 0.5–1 cm wide, which can merge over time to form larger irregular patches up to 10 cm wide. These colonies consist of tiny granular structures called soredia, which are fine and round in shape, measuring between 20–80 μm in width. The photosynthetic partner in this lichen, or photobiont, is a type of green algae, which is spherical and roughly 15–18 μm wide. The hyphae comprising the internal network of fungal threads are 1.6–3 μm thick. No supporting base layer, known as the hypothallus, is visible, and reproductive structures like apothecia and pycnidia have not been observed. Chemically, when tested, the lichen turns orange upon exposure to a solution of potassium hydroxide (K+). Its primary lichen products include leprapinic acid, with smaller amounts of calycin, vulpinic acid, and pulvinic dilactone.

## Habitat and distribution

Chrysothrix occidentalis is found in various places in the southwestern region of Western Australia. It typically grows on protected granite or laterite ledges within open Eucalyptus forests, ranging in altitudes between 100 and 650 m (330 and 2,130 ft). Some lichens species frequently found alongside Chrysothrix occidentalis include Buellia substellulans, Lecanora farinacea, Ramboldia petraeoides, Xanthoparmelia antleriformis, and X. tasmanica.
# Chronicon Petroburgense

The Chronicon Petroburgense, or Peterborough Chronicle, is a 13th-century chronicle written in Medieval Latin at Peterborough Abbey, England, covering events from 1122 to 1294. It was probably written by William of Woodford, a sacrist and later abbot of Peterborough (1296–1299). It survives as part of a Peterborough cartulary known as the "Liber Niger", or "Black Book", where it appears on folios 75–80 and 85–136. The chronicle was edited by Thomas Stapleton and published by the Camden Society in 1849, with an appendix containing a transcription of the first 20 folios of the Liber Niger. In his introduction to Stapleton's edition, John Bruce wrote that the Chronicon contained "valuable contributions to legal and constitutional history [that were] universally recognised".
# Chthamalus anisopoma

Chthamalus anisopoma is a species of intertidal barnacle. Indigenous to the northern Gulf of California, adult Chthamalus anisopoma are found on exposed shores between 0.0 and 2.0 m above mean low tide. The species is typically absent in areas protected from wave splash. Notably, Chthamalus anisipoma exhibits predator-mediated plasticity in the growth of its calcareous test. In the presence of the carnivorous gastropod Acanthina angelica, the barnacle's typical conical growth form is altered to appear bent over, with the operculum perpendicular to the substrate. The alternate form is more resistant to predation.
# Churm

Churm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Sarah Churm (born 1980), English actress
* Stephen Churm (born 1954), Australian sailor
* Michael Churm, British Paralympic athlete
# Chợ Lầu

Chợ Lầu is a township (thị trấn) and capital of Bắc Bình District, Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam.
# Chợ Lách

Chợ Lách is a township (thị trấn) and capital of Chợ Lách District, Bến Tre Province, Vietnam.
# Château d'Ivry-la-Bataille

The Château d'Ivry-la-Bataille is a ruinous Norman castle in the town of Ivry-la-Bataille in the Normandy region. It is among the earliest examples of a stone donjon or keep, which would become a common feature of later Norman castles in various parts of Europe.
The construction of the donjon dates to around AD 1000; it was constructed by an architect named Lanfred (or Lansfred, Lanfrai) under the orders of Count Rodulf of Ivry (French: Raoul d'Ivry). According to Orderic Vitalis, Rudolf's wife, Aubrey or Aubrée, is said to have had the architect beheaded, so that he couldn't build a similar castle for another warlord.
The donjon has marked similarities with later Norman castle keeps, in Normandy notably Avranches, and in England notably Colchester Castle and the White Tower at the Tower of London; it has been suggested that Ivry was the model for these buildings.
The castle was reconstructed several times up to the 15th century and was repaired by Philibert de l'Orme in 1553. Only ruins now remain, but form an attractive walk overlooking the valley of the river Eure. It is an official historical monument of France (MHC).
# Ciarraige Óic Bethra

The Ciarraige Óic Bethra were a population-group found in early medieval Ireland.

## Origins

The word Ciarraige means the people of Ciar, and denoted descent from Ciar, son of Fergus mac Róich. The Ciarraige Óic Bethra were located in the kingdom of Aidhne, in what is now south County Galway.
According to Ó Muraíle, "they are said to have been one of three peoples (the others being the Tratraige and the Cóenraige) who were settled in Aidhne before the advent of the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne. An alternative version omits any mention of the Ciarraige, referring simply to Óic, and Óca, Bethra, and states that they came from Crích Ella - apparently the territory of Duhallow in north Cork."
In a note on the same page, he writes "The forms of the name combining Ciarraige with Óic Bethra are rather problematical; instead of Ciarraidi Oic Beatha ... and Ciarraighe Óga Beathra ... one might expect Ciarraige Óc mBethra", citing versions that appear in O Raghaillaigh's Genealogical Tracts (p. 137) and John O'Donovan's edition of Hy-Fiachrach.
They were not the only Ciarraige located in Connacht. The Ciarraige Áei, Ciarraige Locha na nÁirne and the Ciarraige Airtech once formed a large over-kingdom in central Connacht prior to the emergence of the Uí Briuin in the 8th and 9th centuries.
# Churchland

Churchland can refer to the following:

## Places

* Churchlands, Western Australia
** Churchlands Senior High School
* Churchland, North Carolina
* Churchland, Virginia
** Churchland High School

## Other

* Churchland pear, a cultivar of the fruit
* Paul Churchland and Patricia Churchland, philosopher couple
# Cigar Lake Airport

Cigar Lake Airport (TC LID: CJW7) is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) south-west of Waterbury Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada in the Athabasca Basin. It serves the Cigar Lake Mine.
# Cicely Disappears

Cicely Disappears is a 1927 mystery novel by the British writer Anthony Cox, written under the pen name of A. Monmouth Platts. Cox used a variety of pseudonyms during his career, in this case based on two properties he was associated with in Watford. Cox had enjoyed success with novels featuring his private detective Roger Sheringham, at first published anonymously, and also wrote a number of stand-alone novels such as this one.
It was originally serialised in The Daily Mirror during 1926 under the title The Wintringham Mystery. The newspaper held a competition with prizes for those who could give the best answers about the mystery. One of the winners was Colonel Archie Christie, though the entry actually came from his wife, the celebrated crime writer Agatha. It was reissued in 2021 under the original name by British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.
# Chéhéry

Chéhéry (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Chémery-Chéhéry.
# Chégamat

Chégamat (also written Chegamate) is a village in the commune of Oued El Alenda, in Mih Ouensa District, El Oued Province, Algeria. The village is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southeast of Oued El Alenda and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the provincial capital El Oued.
# Civic lottery

A civic lottery, a popular term for the contemporary use of sortition or allotment, is a lottery-based method for selecting citizens for public service or office. It is based on the premise that citizens in a democracy have both a duty and the desire to serve their society by participating in its governance.
Today, the most common use of the civic lottery process is found in countries which follow Common Law systems, where citizen juries are summoned to hear and render verdicts in court cases. The term for this is popularly known as jury duty.
Civic lotteries are increasingly popular in Canada, where provincial Citizens' Assemblies on Electoral Reform took place in British Columbia in 2004 and in Ontario in 2006. The membership of each Assembly was determined by a civic lottery which invited citizens to volunteer as candidates. In British Columbia, the government sent 23,034 letters to randomly identified citizens throughout the province. 1,715 replied and volunteered to serve as members of the Assembly. In Ontario, 123,489 citizens were identified during a random electronic draw from the Permanent Register of Electors. Each citizen received a letter inviting him or her to apply, and 7,033 volunteered as candidates. Ultimately, during a final selection process, 158 names were drawn from among the candidates to participate as members of the BC Assembly. 103 were selected as members in Ontario.
MASS LBP, a Canadian company inspired by the work of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (Ontario), that has designed and implemented 50 Civic Lotteries between 2007 and 2023, has developed an increasingly sophisticated system for running civic lotteries to randomly select citizens to participate on government advisory panels. The lotteries, which ask citizens to give up several consecutive weekends to participate on a panel, enjoy a strong positive response rate, typically exceeding five percent. This suggests that citizens are more interested in public affairs than declining voter-turnout rates indicate.
Panel members are randomly selected from among the pool of candidate-respondents to create a panel that roughly matches the demographic profile of the wider population.
# Cigarette (1/3)

Cigarette is a public artwork by United States artist Tony Smith, located on the grounds of the Albright Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, NY. The work is a minimalist piece of environmental sculpture created by in 1961. The sculpture is over 15 feet tall and made of flat planes of steel in a twisted form. This is the first in an edition of three (with one artists proof); no. 2 is at MOMA in New York.
A small scale version of the work is in the collection of the Saint Louis Art Museum.
# Cistus parviflorus

Cistus parviflorus is a shrubby species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae.

## Phylogeny

Cistus parviflorus belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species. :
| Halimium spp.     Halimium spp.  PPC     Cistus crispus       Cistus heterophyllus     Cistus albidus   Cistus creticus     Cistus asper   Cistus chinamadensis   Cistus horrens   Cistus ocreatus   Cistus osbeckiifolius   Cistus palmensis   Cistus symphytifolius   WWPC       Cistus clusii   Cistus munbyi     Cistus inflatus   Cistus ladanifer   Cistus laurifolius   Cistus libanotis   Cistus monspeliensis   Cistus parviflorus   Cistus populifolius   Cistus pouzolzii   Cistus salviifolius   Cistus sintenisii | Purple Pink Clade  White Whitish Pink Clade |
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. :
# Cistus ocymoides

Cistus ocymoides (syn. Halimium ocymoides), the basil-leaved rock rose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae, native to Portugal and Spain in the Iberian Peninsula, and northern Morocco in Northwest Africa. It is an erect evergreen shrub growing to 60 cm (24 in) tall by 100 cm (3 ft) wide, with woolly grey-green leaves and bright yellow flowers in spring. The flowers may have a dark brown blotch at the base of each petal.
In cultivation this plant requires a sandy soil and full sun.
# Goat catfish

The goat catfish (Arius sumatranus), also called the marine catfish, is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. Although the author of the species is uncertain, its description has been attributed to Edward Turner Bennett, in 1830. It was originally assigned to the genus Bagrus. It inhabits tropical marine and brackish waters in the Indo-western Pacific region, including eastern Thailand, the Philippines, Pakistan and Indonesia. It reaches a maximum total length of 32 cm (13 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 12 cm (4.7 in).
The diet of the goat catfish consists of benthic invertebrates. It is of commercial interest to fisheries, and is usually marketed fresh.
# Wishful Thinking (Wynn Stewart song)

"Wishful Thinking" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Wynn Stewart. It was released as a single in 1959 and became a major hit in early 1960.

## Background and release

"Wishful Thinking" was recorded in July 1959 in Hollywood, California. The session was produced by Joe Johnson. Johnson was Stewart's producer while recording for the Challenge record company. Stewart had recently signed with Challenge Records after several years at Capitol Records. At Challenge, he adapted a new musical style that incorporated the Bakersfield Sound. Thom Jurek of Allmusic described songs such as "Wishful Thinking" as influences on future Bakersfield recording artists: "the voice was way out front and yet the band would be chugging along not merely backing up the singer but adding to his lyrics with tasty licks and chops of their own."
"Wishful Thinking" was released as a single on Challenge Records in October 1959. It was his fourth single release with the label. The single spent 22 weeks on the Billboard Country and Western Sides chart and became a major hit, reaching number five in March 1960. "Wishful Thinking" was Stewart's first top ten hit as a recording artist and his second biggest hit in his career. He would have two additional charting singles on Challenge Records before leaving the label in 1963.

## Track listings
### 7" vinyl single

* "Wishful Thinking" – 2:41
* "Uncle Tom Got Caught" – 2:09

## Chart performance

| Chart (1959–1960) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 5 |
# Ven Junto a Mi

"Ven Junto a Mi" ("Come Next to Me") is a written and performed by Mexican singer Claudio Bermúdez on his 1994 debut album Como Aire Fresco The album marked his career as a soloist following his departure from Timbiriche in 1991. It was produced by Spanish composer Rafael Pérez-Botija and released as a single in 1994. The song became a number one hit on the Billboard Latin Pop Airplay chart in 1995 where it spent seven weeks on top of the chart. It was recognized as one of best-performing songs of the year at the 1996 ASCAP Latin Awards. Despite its success, it became his only number one song on the chart and Bermúdez later became a composer and record producer for other artists. The song has been covered by Victor Roque y su Gran Manzana, Johnny Rivera, and Encadenado.
# WTAI

WTAI may refer to:
* WTAI (FM), a radio station (88.9 FM) licensed to Union City, Tennessee, United States
* WLZR, a radio station (1560 AM) originally licensed in Eau Gallie, Florida, United States which held the call sign WTAI from 1968 to 1997.
* Wireless Telephony Applications Interface in the List of telephony terminology
** A collection of telephony specific extensions for call and feature control mechanism that make advanced mobile network services available to users
* Where the Action Is television show
# Elizabeth Craik

Elizabeth Mary Craik is a Scottish classical scholar, who is Honorary Professor of Classics at the University of St Andrews.

## Education

Elizabeth Craik studied for an MA at the University of St Andrews (1960), an MLitt at Girton College, University of Cambridge (1963) and was awarded an honorary DLitt from the University of St Andrews in 2000.

## Career

She began her career as a Research Fellow in Greek at the University of Birmingham (1963-1964). In 1964 she moved to the University of St Andrews as an Assistant Lecturer and stayed at St Andrews until 1997 by which time she was a Senior Lecturer in Greek. In 1993 she was awarded a Wellcome Trust research leave fellowship for one year to work on Hippocratic anatomical treatises. In the preface of her translation and commentary of the Hippocratic text Places in Man she describes this as an event which changed her life and lead to her seeking early retirement from the University of St Andrews.
Having completed this book in 1997 she took up a post as Professor of Classics at Kyoto University before retiring in 2002. From September 2003 to September 2005 she held an Emeritus Research Fellowship at the University of St Andrews, awarded by the Leverhulme Trust in order to complete her book Two Hippocratic Treatises On Sight and On Anatomy. As of 2015 she held honorary positions at the University of St Andrews and Newcastle University.

## Selected works
### Translations (with commentaries)

* The Hippocratic Treatise On Glands. Brill 2009
* Two Hippocratic Treatises On Sight and On Anatomy. Brill 2006
* Hippocrates: Places in Man. Clarendon Press 1998
* Euripides Phoenician Women. Aris & Phillips 1988

### Books

* The ‘Hippocratic’ Corpus Content and Context. Routledge 2015
* Marriage and property: women and marital customs in history. Macmillan 1991
* The Dorian Aegean. Routledge 1980
* Marriage and Property. Aberdeen University Press 1984
# Sankango

Sankango is a town in the Salogo Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,651.
# Santa Clara, Panamá Oeste

Santa Clara is a town and corregimiento in Arraiján District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 2,139 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 1,422; its population as of 2000 was 1,744.
# Vetri Vinayaha College of Engineering and Technology

Vetri Vinayaha College of Engineering and Technology is a Private Engineering College located in Thottiyam, Tiruchirappalli District, India. The college was established in the year 2006 by Thiru G. Sekar .

## Course Offered (Departments)

* B.E / Civil Engineering.
* B.E / Computer Science Engineering.
* B.E / Electronic Communication Engineering.
* B.E / Electric and Electronic Engineering.
* B.E / Mechanical Engineering.

## Eligibility for Admission

Candidates should have passed in the H.S.C Examination of the State Board of Tamil Nadu or any other equivalent examination..

## Transport

More than 30 college buses help the students & staff to commute to the college from various places especially all city areas.

## Hostel

There are separate hostels for Boys and Girls in the campus. Boy's hostel is situated inside the college campus in an area of 5,000 sq.ft of land The Boys Hostel accommodates 600 boy's and the Girls hostel accommodates 300 Girls.

## Library

The Vetri Vinayaha College Of Engineering And Technology Library established in the year 2006 July was housed in a class room with 3500 books to start with.