OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Județ

A județ (pronounced, plural județe) is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.
There are 41 județe in Romania, divided into municipii (municipalities), orașe (cities) and comune (communes). Each județ has a county seat (reședință de județ) which serves as its administrative capital; this designation usually belongs to the largest and most developed city in the respective county. The central government is represented by one prefect in every județ.
The capital, Bucharest, is not a județ, but a special municipality with identical functions, which also acts as the county seat of Ilfov.

## Etymology

In the Romanian Principalities, the județ was an office with administrative and judicial functions, corresponding to both judge and mayor. The word is etymologically rooted in the Latin "judicium", and is therefore cognate to other administrative institutions like the Sardinian giudicati, or terms like jurisdiction and judge.
In Romanian, the term județ does not take an initial capital unless it is the first word of a sentence.
# Julius Balkow

Julius Balkow (1909–1973) was an East German engineer and socialist politician who served as the minister of foreign trade from 1961 to 1965 and deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1965 to 1967. Being a member of the central committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) he was a member of the East German Parliament between 1963 and 1973.

## Early life and education

Balkow was born in Berlin on 26 August 1909 into a working-class family. He attended a secondary school and trained as a machine fitter from 1926 to 1929. He attended evening courses in mechanical engineering between 1927 and 1931 and passed the engineering exam in 1931. During his studies he was a member of the Socialist Workers' Youth and the Workers' Gymnastics and Sports Association.
Balkow continued his education in East Germany where he graduated from Leipzig University receiving a degree in economics in 1949.

## Career and activities

Balkow joined the Communist Party (KPD) in 1931. He was part of the Anton Saefkow resistance group in Berlin during the Nazi rule and also, worked as an engineer in Siemens company. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1944 and sentenced to seven years in prison. He was detained in the Brandenburg prison until 1945. After his release from prison Balkow became district mayor and district chairman of the KPD in Berlin. He joined the SED, founding and ruling party of East Germany, and served as its district secretary in Teltow between 1946 and 1947. He was a member of the SED Mitte district between 1950 and 1951. He was employed at the Ministry for Foreign Trade and Inner German Trade from 1951 and was named as the deputy minister of foreign trade in 1956 which he held until 1961.
Balkow was appointed minister of foreign trade and inner German trade in July 1961, succeeding Heinrich Rau in the post. His tenure ended in March 1965, and Horst Sölle was appointed to the post.
Balkow was named as the deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers in charge of foreign trade in March 1965, succeeding Bruno Leuschner. He was invited to visit the Hanover Fair in Spring 1966, but the West German authorities did not grant him an entry visa due to the objections of the Federal Government. Balkow was in office until November 1967 when he was removed from the post. The official reason for his removal was given as health concerns, but Balkow's conflicts with the SED officials, including Erich Honecker, played a significant role in the incident.
Balkow was made a member of the SED central committee in 1963 and held the post until November 1967. He was also a member of the East German Parliament from 1963 to 1973. He headed the committee of foreign affairs between 1971 and 1973.

## Death

Balkow died in East Berlin on 19 July 1973 at the age of 63.

### Awards

Balkow was the recipient of the Banner of Labor which he was awarded in 1969.
# No Strings Attached – Figurentheater & mehr

No Strings Attached – Figurentheater & mehr is a theatre festival in Germany. It is hosted by the Kultursommer Rheinland-Pfalz at the Mainzer Kammerspiele, the KUZ and other unusual venues. It has been held annually in September since 1998. Until 2005, No Strings Attached was still called "Figurentheater Festival". Since 2011, it has been held every two years in May.
The focus of the festival is often based on the summer of culture motto. Despite the small size of only about five to eight plays per year, the festival often features well-known international figure theater.
In addition to the classic open and closed play forms of figure theater, shadow play, station, object or visual theater also find a place, sometimes in public spaces and unusual locations.
# Language and Literature

Language and Literature is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles in the field of stylistics. The journal's editor is Dan McIntyre (University of Huddersfield). It has been published since 1992, first by Longman and then by SAGE Publications in association with the Poetics and Linguistics Association.

## Scope

Language and Literature covers the latest developments in the theory and practice of stylistics, the linguistic analysis of style in language (particularly in literary texts). It has a broad coverage and offers easy access to cutting-edge research in the field.

## Abstracting and indexing

Language and Literature is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases, SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor is 0.692, ranking it 114 out of 184 journals in the category ‘Linguistics’.

## Editorial team

* Dan McIntyre (editor)
* Rocío Montoro (assistant editor)
* Violeta Sotirova (assistant editor)
* Sandrine Sorlin (assistant editor)
* Simon Statham (reviews editor)

## Previous editors

* Geoff Hall (2010–2016)
* Paul Simpson (2004–2009)
* Katie Wales (1997–2003)
* Mick Short (1992–1996)

## History

The journal was originally called Parlance and was an in-house publication of the Poetics and Linguistics Association. Parlance was edited by Mick Short and produced at Lancaster University. Between 1988 and 1992, eight issues were published. In 1992 the journal was contracted to Longman and its name changed to Language and Literature. When Longman relinquished its journal activities in 1996, the journal was contracted to SAGE Publications. The name Parlance was revived in 2004 as the title of the newsletter of the Poetics and Linguistics Association.
# No Waves

No Waves is a live album by the American experimental rock duo Body/Head and was released on Matador Records on November 11, 2016. Recorded during a performance at the Big Ears Festival in Knoxville, Tennessee, the album features improvised versions of material taken from the duo's first studio album Coming Apart and the single "The Show Is Over". It continues the project's trend of rejecting traditional musical structures and utilizing various methods of distorting their sound.

## Background

In 2013, Body/Head received high-praise for the free structure and improvisation found on their debut album Coming Apart, which drew comparisons to early releases by bassist Kim Gordon's former band, Sonic Youth. At the time the material on No Waves was recorded, the duo was performing live at the Bijou Theater for the 2014 Big Ears Festival in Knoxville, Tennessee to promote the release of Coming Apart. Since the project formed in 2012, Body/Head has only arranged a limited touring schedule, making the album a rare glimpse into the act's live prowess.
Guitarist Bill Nace explained in an interview for Rolling Stone magazine that the album's good sound-quality resulted from "microphones on the amps, not post-production whitewashing". He added "this particular raw mix had a certain character that held together as a whole". The three tracks on No Waves have all previously appeared on past Body/Head releases, albeit in different structural forms: "The Show Is Over" is the A-side of a single distributed in 2014, and "Abstract Actress" is a medley of the two Coming Apart songs. Music critic Andy Cush notes that, rather than attempting to replicate their studio work, the duo "treat the songs as rough outlines for further improvision, to be colored in as the musicians please".
The duo is following the release of No Waves with a brief four-date tour in the US.

## Track listing

* "Sugar Water" - 7:48
* "The Show Is Over" - 8:31
* "Abstract/Actress" - 23:39
# No Way Back

No Way Back may refer to:
* No Way Back (1947 film), a Swedish drama film
* No Way Back (1949 film), a British crime film
* No Way Back (1953 film), a West German drama film
* No Way Back (1976 film), a blaxploitation film
* No Way Back (1995 film), an American crime drama
* No Way Back, 1986 by Adonis, a notable early Chicago house track
* No Way Back, a 2007 EP by Norther
* "No Way Back"/"Cold Day in the Sun", a 2006 single by the Foo Fighters
# Lars Samuelson (physicist)

Lars Ivar Samuelson (born 20 December 1948) is a Swedish physicist and professor in nanotechnology and semiconductor electronics at Lund University.

## Biography

In 1977 Lars Samuelson received his PhD in physics at Lund University. Afterwards he went for post-doc at the IBM Research Center in San Jose, California between 1978 and 1979, researching display technology and band structure calculations.
In 1981 he became an associate professor of physics at Lund University, after which he in 1986 became a professor of semiconductor physics at Chalmers University of Technology.
In 1988 he became a professor of semiconductor electronics at the Department of Physics at Lund University, and in the same year initiated the creation of Scandinavia's first Nanoscience research center, Nanometer structure consortium (nmC). In 2000 he began to focus the Nanometer structure consortium's research on Nanowires.
In 2002, he became one of the first in the world to show how to combine substances with different structural, electrical and optical properties in a nanowire.
Since 2021, he is employed as a professor at Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, leading the Institute of Nanoscience and Applications (INA).
Lars Samuelson became a member of the Royal Physiographic Society in 1998, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Physics) in 2006 and The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 2007. He became Fellow of the Institute of Physics in 2004, appointed Einstein Professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008, American Physical Society Fellow in 2009 and fellow international at Japan Society of Applied Physics in 2020.
Samuelson is the author of well over 700 articles with h-index 90 at Web-of-Science (h-index 90, listed in the top 1% highly cited researchers by Web-of-Science) and has given more than 300 plenary/invited talks at international conferences.
He is ranked third on the journal Nano Letters list of the most productive researchers in nanosciences in the years 2001–2009.
He is the Founder of four start-up companies coming out of Lund University, QuNano AB, Sol Voltaics AB, Glo AB and Hexagem AB, engaged in commercialization of nanomaterials technologies.
# Las Mercedes metro station

Las Mercedes is an underground metro station located on Line 4 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. It lies opposite Concha y Toro Avenue between Independencia Street and Domingo Tocornal Avenue. The station was opened on 30 November 2005 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Vicente Valdés and Plaza de Puente Alto.
The area around the station, which in the past held fields and empty land, has become a commercial hub with business and real estate development. The station has exits connecting directly with two shopping centres, one on either side of Concha y Toro Avenue, and the Independencia Square and Espacio Urbano shopping malls. Between both malls lie two movie theaters, several department stores, three supermarkets, along with banks, drugstores and fast-food chains.

## Etymology

The commune of Puente Alto petitioned to the Metro board to naming the station Las Mercedes in honor of the Nuestra Señora de la Merced Church, also known as “Parroquia Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes”, located at Puente Alto downtown.
# No. 227 Squadron RAF

No. 227 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron that formed as bomber unit in World War I and World War II.

## History
### Formation and World War I

No. 227 Squadron was formed on 1 April 1918 as a day bomber unit and operated former RNAS Capronis from Pizzone, Italy, but it did not become operational and it disbanded on 9 December 1918.

### Reformation in World War II

227 squadron was formed in Dec 1941. Personal sailed from Glagow in the ss. Viceroy of India on 4 January 1942 in convoy. The convoy was attacked by submarines in the North Atlantic about 11 January. One of the Castle ships was hit and left for the Azores. After four weeks the first port of call was Freetown. The next port of call was Durban. The entire personnel marched through Durban to the Town Hall where a Scotsman from 221 sang to the crowd after speeches by local dignitaries. After four days the convoy split. Some ships headed for the Far Easf. 227 squadron headed North unaccompanied and anchored at Aden for about 3 days. A Russian ship was anchored nearby and entertained the crew from a distance with some Russian songs. The Viceroy docked at Suez on 4 March. 227 disembarked and camped in tents at RAF. Kasfareet. Personal were employed attached to the MU assembling aircraft in temperatures that reached 129 degrees F.
After a few weeks 227 equipped with about 16 Beaufighters moved to RAF Gianakalas in the Western Desert and went straight into action against Rommel's advance under its CO, Squadron Leader O'Reilly.....he was an Irishman known Mad Mick. Within a few weeks after heavy losses of aircraft, personnel were evacuated in lorry convoy to Palestine camping at RAF Aqir awaiting the arrival of some Halifax. Bombers from the UK (No 10 and No 76 squadron). Of the 17 taking off from East Anglia only about 10 arrived - all too late to take part in the intended relief of Malta.
Bombers of 10 Squadron pending the arrival of Bristol Beaufighters. The squadron merged with 76 Squadron and 462 Squadron. On 20 August 1942, Beaufighters at Luqa, Malta were named 227 Squadron and the unit then moved to Egypt, Libya and Italy. On 12 August 1944, it was renumbered 19 Squadron, South African Air Force. It reformed again at RAF Bardney on 7 October 1944 and flew Lancasters against Germany. No. 227 Squadron was based at RAF Balderton, Nottinghamshire with Avro Lancasters between October 1944 - April 1945. 227 Squadron moved to RAF Strubby, Lincolnshire on 5 April 1945, then in June to RAF Graveley, where it was finally disbanded on 5 September.

### Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 227 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| Apr 1918 | Apr 1918 | Caproni Ca 42 | |
| Apr 1918 | Dec 1918 | Airco DH.4 | |
| Jun 1918 | Dec 1918 | Airco DH.9 | |
| Aug 1942 | Feb 1943 | Bristol Beaufighter | IC |
| Aug 1942 | Aug 1944 | Bristol Beaufighter | VIC |
| Sep 1943 | Aug 1944 | Bristol Beaufighter | XI |
| Oct 1943 | Dec 1943 | Bristol Beaufighter | X |
| Oct 1944 | Sep 1945 | Avro Lancaster | I & III |
# Nogi Shrine (Tokyo)

Nogi Shrine (乃木神社, Nogi-jinja) was established on November 1, 1923 and dedicated to General Nogi Maresuke (63) and his wife Nogi Shizuko (53) after their death on September 13, 1912. The Tokyo Mayor, Baron Yoshio Sakatani, took the initiative to organise the Chūō Nogi Kai (Central Nogi Association) to build a shrine to the couple within their residence. It is located in Tokyo, Japan.
The shrine compound includes an example of Western architecture constructed during the Meiji period. It is famous as the site where General Nogi and his wife chose to kill themselves after the Meiji Emperor's death. The shrine was opened soon after this event but was destroyed during the 1945 air raids on May 25, 1945. The present shrine was built in 1962.
There, Nogi Maresuke (乃木希典, 乃木希典大人之命) is celebrated as a Shinto kami. There are several Nogi Shrines in Japan including the following locations:
* Nasushiobara, Tochigi Prefecture
* Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
* Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture
* Hannō, Saitama Prefecture

## Address

8-11-27 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052

## Access

* a one-minute walk from Nogizaka Station on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line (exit 1)
# Lasionycta caesia

Lasionycta caesia is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It occurs in the Cascade Mountains of northern Washington and the British Columbia Coast Range to 58 degrees north latitude.
It occurs in rocky alpine tundra near tree line and is nocturnal.
The wingspan is 30–34 mm for males and 32–35 mm for females. Adults are on wing from mid-July to mid-August.
# No. 5 Air Experience Flight RAF

No. 5 Air Experience Flight (5 AEF) is one of thirteen Air Experience Flights (AEFs) run by the Air Cadet Organisation of the Royal Air Force. The primary purpose of the AEF organisation is to provide air experience to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF) Section and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts.

## History

No. 5 AEF was formed during July 1958 at Cambridge Airport in Cambridgeshire, equipped with de Havilland Chipmunk T.10 aircraft.
In 1969, Sir Billy Butlin presented a Beagle Husky (XW635) to the Air Training Corps which he had won in a raffle. It flew with 5 AEF, flying Air Cadets from Cambridge Airport until it was retired in 1989 and sold to a civilian user.
It later moved to RAF Swanton Morley but shortly afterwards it moved back to Cambridge it then moved to RAF Wyton and in 2014 it moved to its present home at RAF Wittering operating the Grob Tutor T.1.
# Julia Marcus

Julia Marcus may refer to:
* Julia Marcus (dancer) (1905–2002), Swiss dancer and choreographer
* Julia L. Marcus, American public health researcher and epidemiologist
# No Other Baby

"No Other Baby" is a song written by Dickie Bishop and Bob Watson, originally recorded in 1957 by Dickie Bishop and the Sidekicks. Early cover versions were recorded by the Vipers (1958) (produced by George Martin), Bobby Helms (1959), Paul & Paula (1964), Chad & Jeremy and Four Jacks and a Jill (1965).

## Paul McCartney version

Paul McCartney recorded "No Other Baby" for his 1999 cover album Run Devil Run and released it as the only single from the album. The song reached number 42 on the UK singles chart.
The McCartney version was released as a 7" single and two CD singles, one of which was mixed in mono.

### 7" single (R 6527)

* "No Other Baby" (Dickie Bishop/Bob Watson) – 4:17
* "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" (Chuck Berry) – 2:27
* "Fabulous" – 2:15

### CD Stereo single (CD R 6527)

* "No Other Baby" (Bishop/Watson) – 4:17
* "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" (Berry) – 2:27
* "Fabulous" (Bernie Lowe/Kal Mann) – 2:15

### CD Mono single (CDRS 6527)

* "No Other Baby" (Bishop/Watson) – 4:17
* "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" (Berry) – 2:27
* "Fabulous" (Lowe/Mann) – 2:15
A music video by Paul McCartney performing "No Other Baby" was released by Gareth Francis.
# Noaea

Noaea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is in the Salsoloideae subfamily.
Its native range is from the southern and eastern Mediterranean to Pakistan. It is found in Afghanistan, Algeria, Crete, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Egypt (including Sinai Peninsula,), Greece, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus region, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transcaucasus region (Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan), Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
The genus name of Noaea is in honour of François Thomas "Frank", Marquis De Noé (1806–1887), a French author on North African Lamiaceae. It was first described and published in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. Vol.13 (Issue 2) on page 207 in 1849.

## Known species

According to Kew:
* Noaea cadmea Yild.
* Noaea kurdica Eig
* Noaea major Bunge
* Noaea minuta Boiss. & Balansa
* Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf.
* Noaea tournefortii (Spach) Moq.
# Lanzarote Convention

The Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, also known as the Lanzarote Convention, is a Council of Europe multilateral treaty whereby states agree to criminalise certain forms of sexual abuse against children. It is the first international treaty that addresses child sexual abuse that occurs within the home or family.

## Content

States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise sexual activity with children below the legal age of consent, regardless of the context in which such behaviour occurs; it also mandates the criminalisation of child prostitution and pornography. The Convention sets out several measures to prevent child sexual exploitation and abuse, including the training and educating of children, monitoring of offenders, and the screening and training of people who are employed or volunteer to work with children.

## Conclusion and entry into force

The Convention was concluded and signed on 25 October 2007 in Lanzarote, Spain. All states of the Council of Europe have signed and ratified the Convention. The last state to ratify it is Ireland, in 2020. It came into force on 1 July 2010 after being ratified by five states.

## State parties

As of 11 May 2020, the treaty has been ratified by the following 48 states:
* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Macedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
Although it was specifically designed for states of the Council of Europe, the Convention is open to accession by any state in the world; as of 2019 it has been ratified by Tunisia.
# Noble mouse-like hamster

The noble mouse-like hamster or the noble calomyscus, (Calomyscus grandis) is a species of mouse-like hamster from Iran. It is the largest species of Calomyscus and was initially described as a subspecies of Calomyscus bailwardi. The animal is found in the region near Tehran and is identifiable based on its large size (74–91 mm) and soft, buffy, brown dorsal pelage. The American Society of Mammalogists as well as Musser and Carleton recognize C. grandis as a distinct species.
# Noble elements

Elements that are considered "noble" include:
* noble gases
* noble metals