OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest Charles Ashton

Lieutenant-General Ernest Charles Ashton CB, CMG, VD (1873–1956) was a Canadian soldier and Chief of the General Staff, the head of the Canadian Militia (later the Canadian Army) from 1935 until 21 November 1938. He retired from the Canadian Army in 1941.

## Military career

Ashton was commissioned as a provisional second lieutenant in the 38th Battalion Dufferin Rifles of Canada in 1893. Promoted to captain in 1895, major in 1902 and lieutenant colonel in 1907, he became Commanding Officer of the Dufferin Rifles that year. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the 36th Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914 at the start of World War I. He went on to be Commanding Officer of 9th Reserve Canadian Infantry Brigade in 1915. Promoted to brigadier in 1917, he became Commander of 15th Canadian Infantry Brigade that year.
Promoted to major-general in 1918, he became Adjutant General of the Canadian Army. He went on to be Quartermaster General in 1920, Commander Military District 2 in 1930 and Commander Military District 11 in 1933. In 1935 he was selected to be Chief of the General Staff and in 1939 he became Inspector-General of Military Forces in Canada. He retired in 1941.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in January 1918 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in June 1935.
# Guy Spitaels

Guy Gustave Arthur Ghislain Spitaels (French pronunciation:; 3 September 1931 – 21 August 2012) was a Belgian politician of the Socialist Party. He was the 7th Minister-President of Wallonia from 1992 to 1994 and president of his party for thirteen years, until he was succeeded by Philippe Busquin.

## Career

Spitaels graduated in 1957 in political and social sciences at the Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and attended the College of Europe in Bruges 1957–1958. He quit the Roman Catholic faith and became a Freemason. He became a professor in labour law at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB).
In the early 1970s Spitaels was chief of staff to various Belgian socialist ministers. After the elections of 1974 Spitaels became a senator. He became mayor of Ath in 1977, an office he held for twenty years. The same year he became minister of Labour under Prime Minister Paul Vanden Boeynants. From 1979 to 1981 Spitaels was deputy prime minister under the governments of Wilfried Martens. He concurrently served as minister of the budget (1979–1980) and minister of transport (1980–1981). After the electoral defeat at the elections of 1981, the PS was relegated to the opposition and Guy Spitaels became party chairman of the PS (1981–1992). In the general elections of 1987 he led his party to electoral victory and back to power.
With him and André Cools, the PS played a leading role in transformation the unitary structures of the Belgian state into a federalist system. The transformation was largely accomplished by 1989 and completely formalized in 1993.
In 1992 Spitaels arranged that he would become Minister-President of the Walloon Government. Along with other politicians from his party, he was involved in the Agusta scandal, which caused his resignation in 1994. In 1995 he was elected President of the Walloon Parliament but he had to resign from this office due to the scandal in 1997. Spitaels was convicted for passive bribery by the Court of Cassation in 1998. His political career would never recover from this scandal.
Before the Agusta scandal he was nicknamed Dieu (French for God), a reference to his great influence within the Parti Socialiste, which was the most powerful party of French-speaking Belgium in those days.
Spitaels died of a brain tumor at age 80 on 21 August 2012.
# Jennie Moscowitz

Jennie Moscowitz (1867 or 1868 – July 26, 1953) was an American actress who was known for portraying Jewish mothers and was "equally well known on the English and Yiddish stages".

## Early years

Moscowitz was born in Iași, Romania. Her father was a tutor at court, and she attended the Conservatoire de Declamation in Iași, the only Jewish student there at that time. She was the oldest of four children.

## Career

Moscowitz debuted on stage in Iași when she was 13 years old, portraying Nanine in a production of Camille, a command performance for Romania's king and queen. It starred Sarah Bernhardt, "who took such a liking to the girl that she guided her professionally for the next five years."
Moscowitz came to the United States as part of a troupe assembled by two Russian impresarios. She acted in supporting roles with the Jewish Art Theatre and learned English while doing so, thus gaining access to English-speaking roles. Her Broadway debut was in The Melting Pot, and her "first notable success on the English-speaking stage" was in The Auctioneer, in which she acted for six seasons. For another six seasons she portrayed Mrs. Potash in Potash and Perlmutter on Broadway and around the United States. She acted two more years in Partners Again, a sequel to Potash and Perlmutter. Moscowitz's other Broadway credits included The Treasure, Partners Again), Kosher Kitty Kelly, The Song Writer, The Wooden Soldier, Excursion, and Counsellor-at-Law.
Explaining her success in the theater, Moscowitz said, "If I tried to act, I wouldn't be worth a nickel to a producer. It's because I behave like myself, like a real Jewish mother -- and that's what I am in private life -- that the people like me." Her sons tried to dissuade her from performing in a revival of the play Counsellor-at-Law, which came during her 60th year on stage. They relented after she told them, "I love it. I want to do it. It's my life."
On radio, Moscowitz starred in the serials The Awakening and My Boy and was active as a dialectician.

## Personal life and death

Jennie and Max Moscowitz married in 1888. He operated the Eldorado, the first Jewish variety theater in New York City, and after they married he managed her career for many years. They had two sons and a daughter.
He died in 1947. She died on July 26, 1953, in a home for the aged in the Bronx, New York City, aged 85.

## Papers

The Jennie Moscowitz papers are housed at the New York Public Library. The collection includes correspondence, personal papers, and scripts related to her career and her private life.
# Stockdale High School

Stockdale High School is the name of the following high schools in the United States:
* Stockdale High School (Bakersfield, California)
* Stockdale High School (Stockdale, Texas)
# Charenton

Charenton is the name or part of the name of several places:

## France

* Charenton-le-Pont, in the Val-de-Marne département, a commune which has a common border with Paris
* Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne, a neighboring commune that was called Charenton-Saint-Maurice until 1842
** Charenton (asylum)
* Charenton-du-Cher, in the Cher département
* Rue de Charenton, a street in Paris

## United States

* Charenton, Louisiana
# Finnish Men's Curling Championship

The Finnish Men's Curling Championship is the national championship of men's curling in Finland. It has been held annually since 1983. From 1983 until 1998 it was known as the Finnish Cup. Since 1999 the Finnish championship team has been determined by the winning team of the Finnish Men's Championships league.

## List of champions

| Year | Skip | Finish at Worlds (Includes playoffs standings) | Finish at European Championships (Includes playoffs standings) | Finish at Winter Olympics (Includes playoffs standings) |
| 1983 | Kai Pahl | Did not qualify | Pekka Kouvo 10th (1-6) |
| 1984 | Tapio Juntunen | Did not qualify | Kari Ryokas 8th (2-5) |
| 1985 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | 9th (3-3) |
| 1986 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | 11th (2-4) |
| 1987 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | 7th (5-4) |
| 1988 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | 9th (2-7) | 12th (2-5) |
| 1989 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | 11th (4-4) |
| 1990 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | 8th (2-7) | 7th (4-3) |
| 1991 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | 10th (1-8) | 8th (5-0) |
| 1992 | Jussi Uusipaavalniemi | 5th (5-4) | Tomi Rantamäki 6th (2-5) |
| 1993 | Jari Laukkanen | Did not qualify | 9th (5-2) |
| 1994 | Tomi Rantamäki | Did not qualify | 9th (3-4) |
| 1995 | Jori Aro | Did not qualify | 16th (1-4) |
| 1996 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | T5th (3-3) |
| 1997 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 10th (1-8) | T5th (4-2) |
| 1998 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Bronze (7-5) | 4th (5-3) |
| 1999 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 8th (4-5) | Bronze (6-2) |
| 2000 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Bronze (8-3) | Gold (11-0) |
| 2001 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 5th (5-4) | Bronze (7-4) |
| 2002 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 7th (5-4) | 4th (6-5) | 5th (5-4) |
| 2003 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 4th (7-4) | Wille Mäkelä 9th (2-7) |
| 2004 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | 11th (11-2) |
| 2005 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 5th (8-3) | 8th (5-7) (Including Challenge Series) |
| 2006 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 7th (6-5) | 6th (5-4) | Silver (8-3) |
| 2007 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | 6th (6-5) | Kalle Kiiskinen 9th (2-7) |
| 2008 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Did not qualify | 11th (12-1) (Including Challenge Series) |
| 2009 | Tomi Rantamäki | 12th (1-10) | Tomi Rantamäki 9th (2-7) |
| 2010 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Did not qualify | 15th (5-2) | Did not qualify |
| 2011 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Did not qualify | T16 (4-3) |
| 2012 | Aku Kauste | Did not qualify | 11th (10-4) (Including Challenge Series) |
| 2013 | Tomi Rantamäki | 12th (2-9) | 10th (1-8) |
| 2014 | Aku Kauste | Did not qualify | 11th (10-1) (Including Challenge Series) |
| 2015 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Aku Kauste 4th (7-7) | Aku Kauste 4th (5-6) |
| 2016 | Aku Kauste | 8th (5-6) | 9th (3-6) |
| 2017 | Aku Kauste | Did not qualify | 11th (8-3) (Including Challenge Series) |
| 2018 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Did not qualify | Wille Mäkelä 9th (2-7) |
| 2019 | Tomi Rantamäki | Did not qualify | |
| 2020 | Kalle Kiiskinen | cancelled due to COVID-19 | cancelled due to COVID-19 |
# Björkegren

Björkegren is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl-Eric Björkegren (born 1920), Swedish director, art collector, and businessman
* Kim Björkegren (born 1981), Swedish football manager
* Olga Björkegren (1857–1950), Swedish opera singer
* Sigrid Björkegren (1845–1936), Swedish shipowner
# Erik Skogstrøm

Erik Fillip Skogstrøm (15 May 1926 – 19 April 2014) was a Norwegian newspaper editor.
He was born in Glemmen, and became a journalist in Fredriksstad Blad in 1947. He was promoted to editor-in-chief in 1971, and remained so until 1991. Skogstrøm chaired the regional Norwegian Union of Journalists chapter from 1955 to 1964 and the regional Association of Editors chapter from 1977 to 1980. He has been a board member of Høyres Pressebyrå and Norpress, and a deputy board member of the Norwegian News Agency.
# Skyspace

A skyspace is an architectural design in which a room, which is painted in a neutral color has a large hole in its ceiling which opens directly to the sky. The room, whose perimeter has benches, allows observers to look at the sky in such a way as though it were framed. LED lights which surround the hole can change colors to affect the viewer's perception of the sky.
The design is the work of American artist James Turrell. As of 2013 over 82 skyspaces have been installed worldwide. Examples include Dividing the Light at Pomona College, the Skyspace Lech in Vorarlberg (Austria), the Live Oak Friends Meeting in Houston, Texas and at Rice University, also in Houston.

## Photo gallery

* Skyspace in Kielder Forest, Northumberland, England
* Skyspace in Kielder Forest, Northumberland, England
* Skyspace in Kielder Forest, Northumberland, England
* Dividing the Light, Pomona College, California, US
* Skyspace Lech in Vorarlberg, Austria
* Cloudy sky at the Skyspace Lech, Vorarlberg, Austria
* Three Gems Skyspace at the de Young Museum, San Francisco, California, United States
# Henley College Coventry

Henley College Coventry was a further education college in the city of Coventry, England. Established in 1964, it was one of three further education colleges within the city boundaries, alongside City College Coventry and Hereward College before its merger in 2017 with City College to become Coventry College. The campus is located to the north of Coventry city centre and is close to the M6 motorway in a sub area of Bell Green. Graduation ceremonies were held at Coventry Cathedral.

## History
### 2012 expansion

After plans to extensively renovate the college failed in 2009 due to lack of funding, the college was given permission to begin a £6million revamp and expansion in October 2012, replacing the college's original 1960s structures with more modern facilities.

## Courses

The college takes on about 6,000 students per year and have both FE and HE courses which include: Applied, Medical, and Forensic Science, Beauty Therapy, Business and Professional Studies, Criminology, Chidldcare and Education, Computing, Games Design, Engineering, Hairdressing, Health and Social Care, Sports and Exercise Sciences, and Travel and Tourism.

## Notable alumni

Notable alumni include:
* Aimee Challenor – British politician and transgender activist
* Marlon Devonish MBE – 100 metre and 200 metre sprint athlete
* Colleen Fletcher – Member of Parliament
* Chris Kirkland – footballer
* Darius Vassell – footballer
* Adam Whitehead – swimmer
# Cassà de la Selva

Cassà de la Selva (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Gironès in Catalonia, It is linked to Girona and to the Baix Empordà by the C-65 road. During the 20th century it was known for the production of cork and derived articles. With an increasing population of 9,200 citizens, this municipality is located 12 km south of Girona and 20 km west of the Mediterranean Sea.

## Transport

The nearest train station is at Caldes de Malavella (8 km), and the Girona-Costa Brava Airport is at 10 km. There is a bus line that connects this town with Girona and Costa Brava towns such as Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Platja d'Aro or Palamós.
Between 1892 and 1969, Cassà de la Selva was connected to the city of Girona and the port of Sant Feliu de Guíxols by the narrow gauge Sant Feliu de Guíxols–Girona railway. The line has since been converted into a greenway.

## Demography

| 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1986 | 2006 |
| 4969 | 5058 | 4665 | 6120 | 7100 | 8780 |

## Town twinning

* Bräcke, Sweden (2002)
# Ripafratta

Ripafratta is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Giuliano Terme, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 628.
Ripafratta is about 12 km from Pisa and 8 km from San Giuliano Terme.
The village of Ripafratta, a hamlet of the municipality of San Giuliano Terme (PI), is located on the border between the cities of Lucca and Pisa, and along their ancient communication route, once known as via Aemilia Scauri, then via Julia Augusta and State road 12 of Abetone and Brennero, today SRT12. The castle therefore dominates, from the top of the Vergario hill, the road and river routes of the Serchio valley: this position has long allowed control over land and river traffic between the rival cities of Lucca and Pisa.
Ripafratta has a railway stop on the Pisa-Lucca line. The railway station, which once also performed the functions of an international facility (the original nineteenth-century building, with its arched loggia, can still be identified at the level crossing, transformed into a residential building), is today a simple uninhabited stop which it is located along the Lucca-Pisa railway and is served by trains for the two capitals operated by Trenitalia as part of the service contract stipulated with the Tuscany Region. The basic frequency of trips is approximately one train every 30 minutes in each direction. The station is equipped with a lighted information panel and voice announcements. Much of the original building is now abandoned, including the waiting room (closed) and the garden, winner of prizes and recognitions in the first half of the 20th century for its prestigious and well-kept layout.
During the Second World War Ripafratta found itself on the Gothic line. On 24 August 1944 near the bridge 38 people (including the priests Don Libero Raglianti and Don Angelo Unti) were murdered by the German SS stationed in Nozzano. A memorial stone commemorates the place of the massacre and the names of the victims.
Some scenes of the film The English Patient (1996) by Anthony Minghella were filmed in Ripafratta. The fortress and the bridge over the river Serchio are clearly visible.
# Black-bellied fruit bat

The black-bellied fruit bat (Melonycteris melanops) is a species of order bat in the family Pteropodidae.

## Ecology

Black-bellied fruit bats are endemic to the subtropical or tropical Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. They range from sea level up to 1,600 m. Adult bats maintain a home range between 0.5 and 9.2 ha, and a core feeding area of 1 to 9 trees with active florescence. These bats enjoy the rare advantage of thriving in the changes that humans have brought to its habitat. Most of these bats now live and eat in the banana trees of the privately owned traditional gardens and the cocoa plantations.
Black-bellied fruit bats feed on the fruit and nectar of giant native bananas and cocoa. They collect nectar by rapidly pumping their long tongues into the flowers.

## Description

Black-bellied fruit bats can weigh up to 63 grams (2.2 oz), average 94 millimetres (3.7 in) in length and have an average forelimb measurement of 60 millimetres (2.4 in). They have a unique countershading pattern of a black underside and burnt orange backs.

## Behavior

Both males and females are resource defenders and strictly control their home range. The only crossover in home ranges is between consort pairs. Adults of the same gender are never allowed to invade a home range. Black-bellied bats spend less than 36% of their time flying while actively foraging. By feeding at the source instead of carrying fruit back to their roost they are able to spend less time flying then other fruit bats. Mean flight time of individual flights ranges from 20.8 to 30.7 seconds, with up to 99 flights in 2 hours.
During the day, this flying fox usually roosts among dry banana leaves, a perfect camouflage given its burnt orange and black fur pattern. They roost alone, primarily within 100 m of their core-use feeding area, except for sub-adult bats who roost more than 400 m from their most frequented foraging grounds. Sub-adult bats often have not established a territory yet and have to wait for a home range to become available or fight to claim one.

## Physiology

Black-bellied fruit bats are endothermic but are poor thermoregulators. Ambient temperature plays a role in determining their body temperature. They are thermally neutral from 28 to 33 °C (82 to 91 °F), from 28 to 16 °C (82 to 61 °F) the bats' body temperature drops about 3 degrees and oxygen consumption increases by 2 cm^3/(g.hr). They have a basal rate metabolism of only 74% of what is expected for a mammal of its size.
Black-bellied fruit bats may enter torpor below 20 °C (68 °F), but the percentage is small.

## Phylogeny

The black-bellied fruit bat is most closely related to Fardoulis's blossom bat, and then to the long-tongued nectar bat and the common blossom bat. The black-bellied back has been shown through research to be "strongly indicated as sister taxon to all other megachiropterans" and to be a primitive form of the Pteropodidae.
# Mexican mole

The Mexican mole (Scapanus anthonyi) is a species of mammal in the family Talpidae. It is endemic to Baja California in Mexico, where it is restricted to the highlands of the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir mountain range. Its specific epithet references naturalist Alfred Webster Anthony.
It was previously thought to be a subspecies of the broad-footed mole (S. latimanus, but has now been split into two different species, of which the southern taxon is S. occultus), but it was split as a distinct species in a 2005 study. In 2021, a phylogenetic analysis confirmed its distinctiveness and found it to be the most basal member of the genus Scapanus.
This species inhabits the Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests ecoregion. Although its habitat is protected, large amounts of cattle graze in the area and destroy mole galleries.
# Eric McKitrick

Eric Louis McKitrick (July 5, 1919 – April 24, 2002) was an American historian, best known for The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788–1800 (1993) with Stanley Elkins, which won the Bancroft Prize in 1994.

## Life

McKitrick was born in Battle Creek, Michigan. He graduated from Columbia University with a B.A. in 1949, an M.A. in 1951, and a Ph.D. in 1959. He taught at the University of Chicago and at Rutgers University's Douglass College in the 1950s, and Columbia University from 1960 to 1989 before retiring as an emeritus professor of history. In 1973–74 he was the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at Cambridge University and in 1979–80 the Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University.
McKitrick reviewed for The New York Review of Books.
He died in New York City, aged 82.

## Awards

* 1960 Dunning Prize
* 1970 Guggenheim Fellowship
* 1994 Bancroft Prize

## Works

* Eric L. McKitrick (1960). Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505707-2. (reprinted 1988)
* Eric L. McKitrick, ed. (1963). Slavery Defended: The Views of the Old South. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-812800-6.
* Eric L. McKitrick, ed. (1969). Andrew Johnson; A Profile. Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-6160-0.
* Stanley M. Elkins & Eric L. McKitrick (1993). The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509381-0.
# Slovenia men's national field hockey team

The Slovenia men's national field hockey team represent Slovenia in men's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Slovenian Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Slovenia.
The team competes in the EuroHockey Championship IV, the fourth level of the men's European field hockey championships.

## Tournament record
### EuroHockey Championship III

* 2009 – 6th place

### EuroHockey Championship IV

* 2007 –
* 2017 –
* 2019 – 5th place
* 2021 – Withdrew