OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph Hultgren

Ralph Hultgren (born 1953) is an Australian trumpet player and composer.

## Personal life

Hultgren was born in Box Hill, Victoria, Australia. Later in life, after becoming famous for his compositions, he was moved to Newmarket, Queensland, with his wife Julie and two of his five children.

## Professional career

Hultgren began his professional music career as a trumpet player in 1970. He has performed with the Central Band of the Royal Australian Air Force, the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, the Australian Brass Choir, and has worked as a freelance musician for the theatre, opera, cabaret and recording studios.
From 1979–1990, Hultgren was composer/arranger in residence for the Queensland Department of Education's Instrumental Music Program. During this time he produced 185 works for that department. His works have been performed widely within Australia as well as internationally, including the U.S., Canada, Britain, France, Switzerland, Mexico, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Norway and New Zealand. Hultgren has been nominated for the prestigious "Sammy and Penguin Awards" for his television soundtracks, and has twice won the coveted "Yamaha Composer of the Year Award" for his symphonic band works. In 1998 he became the recipient of the "Citation of Excellence," the Australian Band and Orchestra Directors' Association's highest honor.
Appointments as a consultant in conducting, composition and music education have taken place in Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Taiwan, the U.S., and throughout Australia. Hultgren is currently Head of Pre-Tertiary Studies at the Queensland Conservatorium, Griffith University, where he also directs the Wind Symphony program and lectures in conducting and instrumental pedagogy.
In 2008, he composed a three movement piece for the St Peters Lutheran College Symphonic Winds titled "An Exuberant Triptych" which was premiered at St Stephen's Cathedral in Brisbane, Australia. It was then later performed on numerous occasions during the Symphonic Winds tour of Europe.

### Controversy

In December 2013, during a performance of Hultgren's A Queensland Set at the 67th annual Midwest Clinic, a wunderkind and young violist accidentally made a large and obnoxious percussive noise by striking his viola on a nearby cymbal. However, Hultgren did not seem phased, and various critics have lauded the unexpected sound for its artistic placement in the piece.

### Works

* And Enoch Walked With God
* Beyond The Frontier
* Bushdance
* Celebration of Life
* Eminence
* Grand March-The Australian Land
* Immortal! Invisible!
* Jessie's Well
* Many Paths (Millen Kulgun)
* Moto Perpetuo
* Pageant
* Pioneers
* Whirr, Whirr, Whirr!!!
* An Exuberant Triptych
* Masada
* The Hornets Nest
* Concert Prelude
* Festal Intrada
* White Noise
* Cyclone
* Cinque Quattro Alla Macia
* The Capricornian
* The Queensland Set
* An Australian Rhapsody
* Jones' Joy
# Ralph Connor (scientist)

Ralph Connor (1907-1990) was an American chemist. Connor is best known for his research in organic chemistry, catalysis, synthesis, explosives, and reaction mechanisms.
He served as a division chief on the National Defense Research Committee in World War II, and received many honors including the Priestley Medal of the American Chemical Society in 1967, Great Britain's King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom, and the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Chemists, among others.
# Estadio Municipal Los Arcos

Estadio Municipal de Los Arcos is a football ground in Orihuela in Valencian Community, Spain. It is the home of the Orihuela CF football team.
The first official match played in Los Arcos was a Torneo Vega Baja game organized by Federación Murciana de Fútbol on May 13, 1945. The former Orihuela Deportiva beat CD Torrevejense 5-1.
However, the official opening was several months later, on December 26, 1945. The bishop of Orihuela José García Goldáraz blessed the ground and a friendly match was played, where Orihuela Deportiva lost to Primera División team Real Murcia.
The most important renovation took place in 1990. After the promotion of Orihuela Deportiva to Segunda División, the highest stands of the grandstand were built. In 2001 and 2002 some minor renovations were made: the seats were placed, the current electronic scoreboard was installed and the fencing around the pitch was removed. In addition, the stands were all painted blue and yellow, giving the ground its current appearance.
# Estadio Municipal Nelson Oyarzún Arenas

Estadio Bicentenario Municipal Nelson Oyarzún is a stadium located in Chillán, Chile and owned by the Chillán municipality. It is home to Ñublense football club. It is named after Nelson Oyarzún Arenas, a Ñublense coach. It was inaugurated in 1961 and has a capacity of 12,000.
In 2007 the stadium was selected as a venue for the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, and to comply with FIFA standards, it was completely demolished and rebuilt (even the direction the pitch is facing was altered), its capacity was decreased from 17,500 to 12,000; and a roof covering all seats was built. The stadium was re-inaugurated on November 2, 2008.

## Gallery

* Stadium in 2007, prior to reconstruction
* Opening Ceremony of the new stadium, 2008.
# Estadio Municipal Nicolás Chahuán Nazar

Estadio Municipal Nicolás Chahuán is a multi-use stadium in La Calera, Valparaíso Region, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and is the home ground of Unión La Calera of the Chilean Primera División. The stadium was opened in 1950, but it was demolished and completely rebuilt in 2019, with a seating capacity of 9,200 spectators.
# Ramazan Veteran's Cup

Ramazan Veteran's Cup is a Maldivian football competition held in the month of Ramadan, formerly run by The Football Association of Maldives, but lately it is organized by the Soccer Veterans Association of Maldives and Maldives Soccer Mates.
According to the rules of the tournament, players aged 40 and above are considered as veterans. Each team is allowed to list 5 players who are aged between 35 and 40 but only three of those players can play on the pitch together as per the regulations.
# Ethmia iphicrates

Ethmia iphicrates is a moth in the family Depressariidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Kenya.
The wingspan is about 28 mm (1.1 in). The forewings are white with black markings: an irregular elongate spot along the basal fifth of the costa, an irregular transverse fasciate blotch from the dorsum at one-fourth, its apex reaching the extremity of this and a streak along the dorsum from this to three-fourths, with an irregular projection before the middle. There is a broad irregular converging fasciae from the costa before the middle and at four-fifths uniting below the middle and continued to the dorsum at two-thirds. There is a large dot beneath the costa beyond the middle, and sometimes a slender costal streak between these. There is also a transverse fasciate subterminal blotch confluent above with the preceding fascia, and also confluent with a triangular apical spot. There is a large pre-tornal dot, and a marginal series around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are grey.
# Ramsagar, Barhara

Ramsagar is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 2,130, in 358 households.
# Ramsamy

Ramsamy is a Mauritian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Jean-Régis Ramsamy (born 1966), French television journalist
* Prega Ramsamy (born 1950), Mauritian politician
* Sam Ramsamy (born 1938), South African activist and sports administrator
# Ram Sahay Varma

Ram Sahay Varma is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 16th Rajasthan Assembly, representing the Niwai Assembly constituency, as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Political career

Following the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as an MLA from the Niwai Assembly constituency. He defeated Indian national Congress (INC) candidate Prashant Bairwa with 12,941 votes.
# Eugène Henry

Eugène Henry (22 December 1862 – 27 December 1930) was a Belgian civil servant and governor-general of Belgian Congo from 5 January 1916 until 30 January 1921.
He is buried in the Brussels Cemetery in Evere.
# Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction

The Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is an organic reaction converting an α-halo sulfone into an alkene in presence of a base with extrusion of sulfur dioxide. The reaction is named after the two Swedish chemists Ludwig Ramberg and Birger Bäcklund. The carbanion formed by deprotonation gives an unstable episulfone that decomposes with elimination of sulfur dioxide. This elimination step is considered to be a concerted cheletropic extrusion.
The overall transformation is the conversion of the carbon–sulfur bonds to a carbon–carbon double bond. The original procedure involved halogenation of a sulfide, followed by oxidation to the sulfone. Recently, the preferred method has reversed the order of the steps. After the oxidation, which is normally done with a peroxy acid, halogenation is done under basic conditions by use of dibromodifluoromethane for the halogen transfer step. This method was used to synthesize 1,8-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene.

## Applications

The Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction has several applications. Due to the nature of elimination, it can be applied to both small rings ,
and large rings containing a double bond .
This reaction type gives access to 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane
and the epoxide variation access to allyl alcohols.
A recently developed application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is the synthesis of C-glycosides. The required thioethers can be prepared easily by exchange with a thiol. The application of the Ramberg–Bäcklund conditions then leads to an exocyclic vinyl ether that can be reduced to the C-nucleoside .
In a variation, oxidation of a sulfamide generates a azo compound.

## Substrates

The necessary α-halo sulfones are accessible through oxidation of the corresponding α-halo sulfides with peracids such as meta-chloroperbenzoic acid; oxidation of sulfides takes place selectively in the presence of alkenes and alcohols. α-Halo sulfides may in turn be synthesized through the treatment of sulfides with halogen electrophiles such as N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide.

## Mechanism

The sulfone group contains an acidic proton in one of the α-positions which is abstracted by a strong base (scheme 1). The negative charge placed on this position (formally a carbanion) is transferred to the halogen residing on the other α-position in a nucleophilic displacement temporarily forming a three-membered cyclic sulfone. This intermediate is unstable and releases sulfur dioxide to form the alkene. Mixtures of cis isomer and trans isomer are usually obtained.
The Favorskii rearrangement and the Eschenmoser sulfide contraction are conceptually related reactions.
# Eton Racing Boats

Eton Racing Boats (commonly referred to as ERB) was a manufacturer of racing boats for rowing, based in Eton, United Kingdom. The company was founded by Eton College, who also funded the construction of the Dorney Lake development.
The company ceased trading on Friday 16 February 2007 due to insufficient profits and stiff competition from cheaper good quality rowing equipment. Eric Sims continues to offer equipment supplies via a separate outlet.
The former company website claimed that "boats from the Eton workshops have frequently won Henley medals and world championships". The firm also manufactured and sold range of accessories and other products for the sport, including outriggers, megaphones, coaching launches and pontoons, as well as providing maintenance services.

## Boats

Boatbuilding had taken place in the area since the 1800s, with composite racing boats introduced in 1994. Since then, the company developed its range of boats to include eights, fours, pairs and singles, were available in a range of colours and different types for training and racing.
# Eton Shirts

Eton AB is a Swedish manufacturer of men's shirts. It was founded in 1928 by David and Annie Petterson in the small village of Gånghester in Sweden. Eton is now a global brand, being sold in more than 1,500 stores in over 50 countries, with flagship stores in Stockholm, Frankfurt, London and New York.

## History
### Early history

During the 1920s, Annie Petterson started to sew dresses in the family kitchen. When the Great Depression forced her husband David to close down the family sawmill, he joined his wife's quickly growing business. The company was originally called Syfabriken Special (Specialized Sewing Factory). With an increasing focus on men's shirts, the company soon changed its name to Skjortfabriken Special (Specialized Shirt Factory).

### 1950–2000

At the beginning of the 1950s, Skjortfabriken Special launched the so-called "Eton shirt", created with inspiration from the famous Eton College. In the mid-1950s, export started to Great Britain but since Skjortfabriken Special was difficult to pronounce for non-Swedes, "Eton" was adopted as the company name.
In connection with the international expansion, a new and modern factory was built in Gånghester. The building still functions as the company headquarters. During the 1980s, Eton started working to offer high quality, premium shirts.
In 1992, Eton presented, after a collaboration with Swiss experts, the world's first non-iron shirt in 100% cotton. The first reseller was the British department store Harrods, which sold more than 600 shirts the first week alone.

### 2001–present

In 2012, family-owned Eton was acquired by the Swedish private equity firm Litorina. In 2016, Swedish private equity group EQT AB became Eton's new owner.

## Key people

Hans Davidson, grandson to the founders Annie and David Petterson, was the CEO between 1989-2019. At the beginning of 2019, Eton announced that Hans Davidson, after more than 30 years as acting CEO, would step down and hand over the role to David Thörewik, former managing director at Weekday, one of the independent brands in the H&M group.

## Operations

Eton has its own branded stores in Europe and the United States, including an official online store. It is represented by more than 1500 resellers as of 2018, including department stores Harrods, Selfridges, Nordstrom, Saks Fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, Harry Rosen Inc, Le Bon Marché, El Corte Inglés, La Rinascente and KaDeWe.
Besides its Gånghester headquarters, Eton has offices in Stockholm, Düsseldorf, Cantù, London, New York, and Atlanta. The turnover for 2018 was a record high, with double-digit growth.
# Eunoe shirikishinai

Eunoe shirikishinai is a scale worm described from Hokkaido Island in the North Pacific Ocean.

## Description

Number of segments 39; elytra 15 pairs. Blackish pigment. Prostomium anterior margin comprising two rounded lobes. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Elytra marginal fringe of papillae present. Notochaetae about as thick as neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.
# Eunoe subfumida

Eunoe subfumida is a scale worm described from the Philippines.

## Description

Number of segments 37; elytra 15 pairs. Dorsum brown with two white longitudinal lines. Notochaetae distinctly thicker than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.
# Eunoe tuerkayi

Eunoe tuerkayi is a scale worm described from the Mediterranean Sea at depths of about 30m.

## Description

Number of segments 40; elytra 15 pairs. Prostomium anterior margin comprising a pair of acute anterior projections. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Elytra marginal fringe of papillae present. Notochaetae distinctly thicker than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.
# Eucalyptus nova-anglica

Eucalyptus nova-anglica, commonly known as the New England peppermint or black peppermint, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has thick, rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or conical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus nova-anglica is a tree that typically grows to a height of 15 m (49 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has thick, rough, fissured, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have glaucous, sessile heart-shaped to more or less round leaves arranged in opposite pairs, 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 35–65 mm (1.4–2.6 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same green to bluish green colour on both sides, lance-shaped, 90–190 mm (3.5–7.5 in) long and 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in) wide on a petiole 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on a peduncle 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs between February and May and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical or hemispherical capsule 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide on a pedicel up to 2 mm (0.079 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus nova-anglica was first formally described in 1899 by Henry Deane and Joseph Maiden who published the description in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The specific epithet (nova-anglica) refers to this species' occurrence in the New England area of New South Wales.

## Distribution and habitat

New England peppermint grows in woodland and cold, swampy flats between Stanthorpe in far southeastern Queensland to near Nowendoc in New South Wales, mainly within the New England Peppermint Grassy Woodland.
# Ramphos Trident

The Ramphos Trident is an Italian amphibious ultralight trike, designed and produced by Ramphos of Fontanafredda. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Trident was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of 450 kg (992 lb). The Trident features a strut-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with a rigid boat hull, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth and its boat hull made from either fibreglass or carbon fibre and Kevlar. Its 10.5 m (34.4 ft) span Hazard wing has struts and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 engine or a four-cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912UL engine or a 78 hp (58 kW) converted Smart Car four stroke turbocharged engine. All engines are fitted with a clutch that stops the propeller from turning when the engine is at idle to permit water handling. The boat hull features a water rudder.
Starting in 2005 the frame and wing portion of the aircraft was taken from the Skyrider Sonic ultralight trike, built by Skyrider Flugschule.

## Variants
### Hydro

    Initial flying boat model that lacks wheeled landing gear. Introduced in 1998 and in production in 2013.

### Trident

    Amphibious model with fibreglass boat hull, in production in 2013.

### C

    Amphibious model with carbon fibre/Kevlar boat hull and lexan windows in the bottom of the hull to allow visibility downwards. In production in 2013.

## Specifications (Trident)

Data from Bayerl
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 15 m$^2$ (160 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 200 kg (441 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912UL four cylinder, liquid and air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 60 kW (80 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed composite
# Euchrysops alberta

Euchrysops alberta, the Sahel Cupid, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in north-western Nigeria, Sudan and northern Uganda.
# Eulima unilineata

Eulima unilineata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.
# Eugène Fournier

Eugène Fournier (1871–1941) was a French caver and geologist.
* This article about a French scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat

The Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus labiatus) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Burundi, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is savanna.

## Description

The Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat is a small, pale brown bat. The only markings on the head are white patches immediately in front of and behind the base of the ear. The snout is long, and the ears are small, rounded and naked. The dorsal fur is dense and fluffy, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long, and extends onto the fore-arm. Males have a light brown pelage, the individual hairs having dark brown bases and pale brown shafts. The ventral fur is paler, the brownish colour fading into the white belly. Adult males have white "epaulettes", but these are normally not visible, being retracted into pouches. Females tend to be smaller and paler than males, having fawn dorsal fur, the individual hairs having beige bases and pale brown tips. The ventral fur is pale fawn on the chest and the belly is darker.

## Distribution

This fruit bat occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, having been recorded from northeastern Nigeria and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad and South Sudan, eastward to Ethiopia and Eritrea, and southward to Tanzania. It has a patchy distribution, suitable habitat being mosaics of rainforest and savanna. It occurs in both wet and dry forest mosaics, including Afromontane habitats in upland areas around the Great Rift Valley, where it occurs up to about 2,200 m (7,200 ft). It is also found in coastal mangrove forests.

## Ecology

This bat feeds mainly on fruits such as figs, but also consumes leaves. It travels considerable distances in response to the fruiting of different tree species. When moving to new feeding grounds, the flight is fast and direct, but when foraging in the canopy, the flight is slow, with great manoeuvrability, and it can hover briefly. On the ground, locomotion is very awkward, the wings flapping but the hind feet playing no part. It can scramble along branches, and up and down rough surfaces, using its thumbs and hindfeet. The thumb and second finger are opposable and are used to dexterously manipulate food. By day it hangs by its hind feet, usually in some concealed spot, hidden in dense vegetation or under a banana leaf. Several bats may share a common roosting site. It can hang by its thumbs to defecate or urinate. It uses its hind feet to comb its fur, and its long tongue to groom its face, wing membranes and genital region.

## Status

This bat has a wide range and is a common species. It is hunted for bushmeat, but otherwise faces no particular threats, and the total population is presumed to be large, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Eupen railway station

Eupen is a railway station in Eupen, Liège, Belgium. The station opened on 1 March 1864 on the Line 49. The train services are operated by NMBS/SNCB.

## Train services

The following service currently serve the station:
* Intercity services (IC-01) Ostend - Bruges - Gent - Brussels - Leuven - Liege - Welkenraedt - Eupen
# Rangnuwk hum

Rang Nuwk Hum is a worship place for the Tangsa people of Northeast India and Myanmar. "Rang" means the God, "Nuwk" means pray and "Hum" means a small house that contain a picture of the God Rangfrah.
Rangfrah is believed to be an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva. Devotees go to a Rang Nuwk Hum everyday to give offerings and to pray which is followed by singing local bhajans.