OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jero N° 9 Antwerpen (1911)

The Jéro N° 9 Antwerpen 1911 aeroplane was born from the close cooperation between Belgian adventurer Pierre de Caters and the Bollekens Brothers. It was intended to appear at the Aviator stand at the Motor Show of 1910-1911, and especially to take part in the Circuit of Belgium in 1911.
Construction began at the time of Baron de Caters' trip to India. The Bollekens Brothers, advised by the count d' Hespel and Lieutenant Sarteel, succeeded in presenting the aircraft at the Motor Show, where it was noticed by experts.
In spring of 1911 the aeroplane again became the property of the Bollekens brothers. The Bollekens brothers painted the text 'Jéro-Anvers' on all the rudders at this time. The Jéro N° 9 was equipped with a cockpit protected by a hood which carried the armorial of the town of Antwerp.
The pilot Parisot, flying the Jéro N°9 (with fuselage but with no hooding), finished in second place at the Circuit of Belgium, and won several awards.
Back to Sint-Job-in't-Goor, the Jéro N° 9 was the preferred aircraft of student pilots, with Henri Molla as instructor. Modified with a triangular tail in 1913 and equipped with a Gnôme 80 CV engine, the Jero N°9 was used for training at Saint-Job and Kiewit.
With the declaration of World War I in 1914, all Bollekens Brothers aircraft, including the Jero No.9, were placed at the disposal of the military.
M. Huybrechts also built a scale model of this aircraft which was stored for many years, but has been on display since January 2006.
# Beiqu

Beiqu may refer to:
* Beiqu (Chinese: 北曲; lit. 'Northern tune'), another term for zaju (13th–14th centuries)
* North District, Tainan, Taiwan
* North District, Hsinchu, Taiwan
* North District, Taichung, Taiwan
* North District, Hong Kong
# Seymourville, West Virginia

Seymourville is an unincorporated community in Grant County, West Virginia, United States. Seymourville is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Petersburg.
# Renal oligopeptide reabsorption

Renal oligopeptide reabsorption is the part of renal physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered oligopeptides, preventing them from disappearing from the body through the urine.
Almost all reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule. Practically nothing is left in the final urine. Longer oligopeptides, such as angiotensin and glutathione are degraded by enzymes on the brush border, while shorter ones, such as carnosine, are transported across the apical membrane as a whole by the PepT 1 transporter, and degraded inside the proximal tubule cell.

## Overview table

Characteristics of oligopeptide reabsorption :
| Characteristic | proximal tubule | proximal tubule | proximal tubule | loop of Henle | Distal convoluted tubule | Collecting duct system |
| Characteristic | S1 | S2 | S3 | loop of Henle | Distal convoluted tubule | Collecting duct system |
| reabsorption (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | Beyond the proximal tubule: 1% | Beyond the proximal tubule: 1% | Beyond the proximal tubule: 1% |
| reabsorption (mmoles/day) | | | | | | |
| Concentration | | | | | | |
| apical transport proteins | sodium-amino acid symporter PepT 1 (for short peptides, n=2 to 4) | sodium-amino acid symporter PepT 1 (for short peptides, n=2 to 4) | sodium-amino acid symporter PepT 1 (for short peptides, n=2 to 4) | | | |
| basolateral transport proteins | amino acid transporter | amino acid transporter | amino acid transporter | | | |
| Other reabsorption features | | | | | | |
# Three Mile Hill

Three Mile Hill is a section of Pennsylvania Route 31 (PA 31) near Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, that connects Laurelville and Acme.
Though the hill is only two miles (3.2 km) long, the steepness of the hill makes it "feel like [it is] three miles [4.8 km]." From base to summit, the elevation increases by 2,000 feet (610 m).
From its summit in Fayette County, the city of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County is clearly visible despite the two being nearly 36 miles (58 km) from each other.

## Geography

Three Mile Hill is a part of Chestnut Ridge in the Allegheny Mountains. The lanes on Three Mile Hill run east and west.
The base of Three Mile Hill rests at the intersection of PA 31 and PA 982. At the summit lies the intersection of Mountain Top Road and PA 31; the city of Pittsburgh is visible from this intersection. Due to its location, it is the only stretch of highway that directly connects Somerset County, Donegal Township and Mount Pleasant, making it the most effective route for trade with nearby businesses.
The hill's lanes of travel wind sharply, which have made Three Mile Hill the scene of several accidents in the early 20th century. Often used by semi-trailer trucks, the steepness of Three Mile Hill, combined with the winding roads proved to be dangerous. In July 1954, a truck was involved in a wreck with five cars which killed two people and injured eight others because the Route 982 entrance was a blind spot and the truck lost control of its brakes. Incidents like these contributed to new warning signs to be placed at the top of the hill in August 1954; there is a stop sign for trucks as well as a decreased speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). There are also two runaway truck ramps in the event a vehicle were to lose control.
# Francis Alexander

Francis Alexander may refer to:
* Francis Alexander (painter) (1800–1881), American portrait painter
* Francis Alexander, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (1674–1711)
* Francis Alexander (cricketer) (1911–2005)
# The Crossing of the Red Sea

The Crossing of the Red Sea may refer to:
* Crossing the Red Sea, a biblical event
* Crossing of the Red Sea (Bronzino), a 1542 painting
* The Crossing of the Red Sea (Poussin), a c. 1633–1634 painting
* The Crossing of the Red Sea (Sistine Chapel), a c. 1481–1482 fresco attributed to Cosimo Rosselli
# Indrek Kaseorg

Indrek Kaseorg (born 16 December 1967 in Tartu) is a retired Estonian decathlete.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Result |
| Representing Estonia ||||||
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 12th | Decathlon | 7911 pts |
| 1993 | Universiade | Buffalo, United States | 2nd | Decathlon | 7864 pts |
| 1994 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 7th | Heptathlon | 5888 pts |
| 1994 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 18th | Decathlon | 7779 pts |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 20th | Decathlon | 7272 pts |
| 1995 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 12th | Decathlon | 8041 pts |
| 1995 | Universiade | Fukuoka, Japan | 5th | Decathlon | 7943 pts |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 11th | Decathlon | 8042 pts |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | — | Decathlon | DNF |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 11th | Decathlon | 8140 pts |
| 1998 | European Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 7th | Heptathlon | 6055 pts |
| 1998 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 9th | Decathlon | 8179 pts |
| 1999 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 10th | Decathlon | 7925 pts |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 12th | Decathlon | 7851 pts |
| 2000 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 16th | Decathlon | 7876 pts |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 17th | Decathlon | 7932 pts |

### Personal bests

| Decathlon – 8179 pts (1998) 100 metres – 11.18 s (1998) 400 metres – 48.35 s (1995) 1500 metres – 4:09.65 min (1992) 110 metres hurdles – 14.26 s (1995) High jump – 2.12 m (1991) | Pole vault – 4.90 m (1997) Long jump – 7.59 m (1993) Shot put – 14.62 m (2001) Discus throw – 44.41 m (1999) Javelin throw – 68.37 m (2000) |
# Indonesian Japanese

Indonesian Japanese or Japanese Indonesian may refer to
* Indonesia–Japan relations
* Japanese occupation of Indonesia
* Indonesians in Japan
* Japanese people in Indonesia
* Multiracial people of mixed Indonesian and Japanese descent
# Informationised war

Informationised war (informatised war) is a combination of and evolution in warfare from pre-existing ones such as network-centric, cyber, psychological, electronic and information warfare, and integrating all the "opportunities and technologies provided by the Information Age" into all domains, systems and aspects of modern warfare. China's Defense White Papers of 2004, 2006, 2015, and 2019 all emphasis and discuss "informationization" of its military; the country aims for a fully "informationised" force by 2049.
# Information–action ratio

The information–action ratio is a concept coined by cultural critic Neil Postman in his work Amusing Ourselves to Death. In short, Postman meant to indicate the relationship between a piece of information and what action, if any, a consumer of that information might reasonably be expected to take once learning it.
In a speech to the German Informatics Society (Gesellschaft für Informatik) on October 11, 1990 in Stuttgart, sponsored by IBM-Germany, Neil Postman said the following: "The tie between information and action has been severed. Information is now a commodity that can be bought and sold, or used as a form of entertainment, or worn like a garment to enhance one's status. It comes indiscriminately, directed at no one in particular, disconnected from usefulness; we are glutted with information, drowning in information, have no control over it, don't know what to do with it."
In Amusing Ourselves to Death Postman frames the information-action ratio in the context of the telegraph's invention. Prior to the telegraph, Postman says people received information relevant to their lives, creating a high correlation between information and action: "The information-action ratio was sufficiently close so that most people had a sense of being able to control some of the contingencies in their lives” (p. 69).
The telegraph allowed bits of information to travel long distances, and so Postman claims "the local and the timeless ... lost their central position in newspapers, eclipsed by the dazzle of distance and speed ... Wars, crimes, crashes, fires, floods—much of it the social and political equivalent of Adelaide's whooping coughs—became the content of what people called 'the news of the day'" (pp. 66–67).
A high information-action ratio, therefore, refers to the helplessness people confront when faced with decontextualized information. Someone may know Adelaide has the whooping cough, but what could anyone do about it? Postman said that this kind of access to decontextualized information "made the relationship between information and action both abstract and remote." Information consumers were "faced with the problem of a diminished social and political potency."

## Cultural references

The term was referenced in Arctic Monkeys' song "Four Out of Five" of the band's 2018 album Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino, where the Information Action Ratio is the name of a fictional taqueria on the hotel based on the Moon.
# Inerrancy

Inerrancy may refer to:
* Biblical inerrancy - a theological notion in Christianity
* Quranic inerrancy - a theological notion in Islam
# Infighting (martial arts)

Infighting is the name given to certain martial art techniques used while near the opponent. The Chinese martial art of Wing Chun specializes in infighting.

## Technique

The key points of infighting are the control of the enemy's angle of attack, i.e., to control and limit the ways or angles through which an opponent may find an opening in one's guard to counterattack or get past a block or guard. This is attained by controlling the opponent's attacking limb, transferring momentum and debilitating his stability by forcing his posture/position and shifting his mass on his center line. Examples include:
* Chi sao drills in Wing Chun
* Tui shou in Tai Chi
* Joint-lock flow in Small Circle JuJitsu
* Hubud-Lubud of Filipino Martial Arts
Secondary elements include the creation of angles of attack and defense by maneuvering the limbs of the opponent, parrying and blocking properly with the necessary movements and posture to gain the upper hand and strike from a safe angle.

## Distance of travel

One key element to infighting is the distance traveled by the attacking limb. Infighting is a way to attack to the opponent's center line while preventing a counterattack that can travel straight towards the attacker's center line. Even at a close distance, when the fighters' torsos are very close, the attacker might use their arms at full extension and focus the stress point or attack/defense portions of their limbs at their ends. Distance in infighting isn't what gives it its name, but instead, it's how to get past the opponent's guard and fight inside of it. An example would be to say that a fighter, even at a distance where his jab is touching his opponent's chin with the opponent not leaning backwards or forwards, at a neutral stance, is an infighter when his blows and blocks use the space between them and the opponent has to attack from an outward angle (use haymakers or hooks).
# Industrial Union Convention

Industrial Union Convention may refer to:
* First Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the Industrial Union Convention, the founding convention of the Industrial Workers of the World
* The founding convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, also known as the industrial union convention
* Any convention by an industrial union
# The Definitive Collection (Diana Ross album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Definitive Collection is a 2006 compilation album by Motown sensation Diana Ross.

## Track listing

* "I'm Coming Out" - 5:10
* "Love Hangover" - 3:47
* "Missing You" - 4:15
* "Mirror, Mirror" - 6:06
* "Touch Me in the Morning" - 3:49
* "Upside Down" - 4:03
* "Muscles" - 4:37
* "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" - 2:53
* "Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)" - 3:03
* "Good Morning Heartache" - 2:20
* "Last Time I Saw Him" - 2:49
* "My Mistake (Was to Love You)" (with Marvin Gaye) - 2:54
* "It's My Turn" - 3:55
* "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" - 4:07
* "The Boss" - 3:51
* "Swept Away" - 5:23
* "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" - 3:23
* "Endless Love" (with Lionel Richie) - 4:26
* "What a Diff'rence a Day Made" - 3:27
* "Remember Me" - 3:39
# The Definitive Collection (Foreigner album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Definitive Collection is a double-disc compilation album by the band Foreigner, released in 2006 on Atlantic/Rhino Records.

## Track listing

All songs are written by Mick Jones and Lou Gramm and performed by Foreigner, except where noted.

### Disc 1

* "Feels Like the First Time" (Jones)
* "Long, Long Way from Home" (Jones, Gramm, Ian McDonald)
* "Cold as Ice"
* "Headknocker"
* "Starrider" (Al Greenwood, Jones)
* "At War with the World" (Jones)
* "Double Vision"
* "Blue Morning, Blue Day"
* "Hot Blooded"
* "I Have Waited So Long" (Jones)
* "Dirty White Boy"
* "Head Games"
* "Women" (Jones)
* "Rev on the Red Line" (Gramm, Greenwood)
* "Break It Up" (Jones)
* "Juke Box Hero"

### Disc 2

* "Urgent" (Jones)
* "Waiting for a Girl Like You"
* "I Want to Know What Love Is" (Jones)
* "Down on Love"
* "Reaction to Action"
* "That Was Yesterday"
* "Midnight Blue" (by Lou Gramm) (Gramm, Bruce Turgon)
* "Heart Turns to Stone"
* "I Don't Want to Live Without You" (Jones)
* "Say You Will"
* "Just Wanna Hold" (by Mick Jones) (Jones, Ian Hunter, M. Phillips)
* "Just Between You and Me" (by Lou Gramm) (Gramm, Holly Knight)
* "Lowdown and Dirty" (Jones, Johnny Edwards, Terry Thomas)
* "Soul Doctor"
# The Death and Life of the Great American School System

The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education is a non-fiction book by Diane Ravitch, originally published in 2010 by Basic Books, with revised and expanded versions reprinted over the years.

## Summary

Ravitch is a "distinguished historian of public schools" who served under both President George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, worked for many years promoting and implementing the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act's (NCLB) compulsory standards-based education reform. After reading a major 2006 report, Ravitch began to experience an "intellectual crisis" and had become skeptical of the "potential benefits of testing, accountability, choice, and markets." The book is a "passionate plea to preserve and renew public education."
By 2007, school choice, standardized testing and accountability were promoted by the "educational establishment." Ravitch writes that these policies were "degrading the intellectual capacity of students."
The 2010 Publisher's summary on WorldCat called her book a "passionate plea to preserve and renew public education."

## Background

The title refers to Jane Jacobs's best-known and most influential work, her 1961 nonfiction, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, in which she lay the blame for the urban decay of America's cities on misguided 20th century urban planning policies.

## Reviews

In his March 2010, review in The New York Times, Alan Wolfe, wrote that he admired Ravitch's "intellectual honesty" and "open-mindedness in seeing what the data really tells us." However, he doubted it would be enough to counterbalance the fact that President Obama and his secretary of education, Arne Duncan, were promoting "reforms relying on testing and choice, despite fresh data calling their benefits into question." The New York Times review called it the "most damning criticism" of the role some "philanthropic institutions sometimes play" in American society. Ravitz cautioned that the Gates Foundation gives "grants to almost every major think tank and advocacy group in the field of education, leaving no one willing to criticize its vast power and unchecked influence."
A 2010 NPR review called the book "terrific and timely".
Chester Finn Jr, who co-founded the Educational Excellence Network (EEI) in 1981 with Ravitch,$^{:3}$ reviewed the book, and wrote that "I agree about the curriculum part but not much else."
The Washington Post's Valerie Strauss, wrote that Ravitch's "credibility with conservatives is exactly why it would be particularly instructive for everyone...to read The Death and Life of the Great American School System..
# Ingerophrynus kumquat

Ingerophrynus kumquat is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia, where it is only known from peat swamps near its type locality. This species is a peat swamp specialist that is locally abundant but is threatened by habitat loss caused by drainage and reclamation of peat swamps for agriculture.
# The Cherry Valence

The Cherry Valence is an American garage rock band from Raleigh, North Carolina. The group's sound is indebted to 1970s hard rock, and the group has the unusual distinction of two members who switch off on lead vocals and drums. They formed in 1998 and toured relentlessly across the US, releasing their first recording (a 7") in 1999. Two LPs for Estrus Records followed before bassist Siler and guitarist Kumar left the group to form Birds of Avalon in 2004. Adding new members to the group, they released a third full length on Bifocal Media in mid-2005.
Cherry Valence is a reference to the character from The Outsiders (novel), a 1967 novel by S. E. Hinton, subsequently made into the 1983 film of the same name.

## Members
### Current members

* Jamie Williams - guitar
* Brian Quast - drums, vocals, keyboards
* Nick Whitley - drums, vocals
* Erik Sugg - guitar
* Charles Story - bass

### Former members

* Cheetie Kumar - guitar
* Paul Siler - bass

## Discography

* The Cherry Valence (Estrus Records, 2001)
* Riffin' (Estrus, 2002)
* Revival EP (Flapping Jet, 2002)
* TCV3 (Bifocal Media, 2005)
# Inland

Inland may refer to:

## Places
### Sweden

* Inland Fräkne Hundred, a hundred of Bohuslän in Sweden
* Inland Northern Hundred, a hundred of Bohuslän in Sweden
* Inland Southern Hundred, a hundred of Bohuslän in Sweden
* Inland Torpe Hundred, a hundred of Bohuslän in Sweden

### United States

* Inland Northwest (United States), also known as the Inland Empire, a region in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
* Inland Township, Cedar County, Iowa, USA
* Inland Township, Michigan, USA
* Inland, Nebraska, USA
* Inland Township, Clay County, Nebraska, USA

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Literature

* Inland (Murnane novel), a 1988 novel by Gerald Murnane
* Inland (Obreht novel), a 2019 novel by Téa Obreht
* The Inland, an underprivileged Brazilian community in 3%

### Film

* Inland (2022 film), a film by Fridtjof Ryder

### Music

* Inland (Jars of Clay album), 2013, or the title song
* Inland (Mark Templeton album), 2009

## Other uses

* Inland navigation, transport with ships via inland waterway
* Inland Revenue, a former department of the British government
* Inland sea (geology), a shallow sea that covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level
# The Eddie Cochran Memorial Album

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | Allmusic review 2012 |
The Eddie Cochran Memorial Album is the second album by Eddie Cochran, released on Liberty Records in mono, LRP 3172, in May 1960. It had previously been issued as 12 of His Biggest Hits in April 1960 with the same catalogue number, but after Cochran's death on April 17 it was retitled and reissued, and has remained so titled ever since. It is currently in print on the Magic Records label in France, on CD on EMI-Toshiba in Japan, and on BGO in the UK as a twofer with "Singin' To My Baby."

## Content

Eight tracks were released as singles, with "Three Steps to Heaven" appearing as a b-side. Three additional tracks "Have I Told You Lately That I Love You," "Lovin' Time," and "Tell Me Why" had been released on his first album, Singin' to My Baby in 1957. All five singles that appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 are included, with the teen anthem "Summertime Blues" being the only time Cochran made the top ten. No Cochran album has ever charted in the United States.

## Personnel

* Eddie Cochran – guitar, ukulele, bass guitar, piano, percussion, vocals
* Mike Henderson, Mike Deasy – saxophone
* Perry Botkin Jr., Sonny Curtis – electric guitar
* Ray Johnson, Jim Stivers – piano
* Connie "Guybo" Smith – double bass, bass guitar
* Dave Shriver – bass
* Earl Palmer, Gene Riggio, Jerry Allison – drums
* Jerry Capehart, Sharon Sheeley – percussion
* The Johnny Mann Chorus – backing vocals

## Track listing

Chart positions from Billboard Hot 100; all catalogue numbers Liberty Records.

### Side one

| Track | Recorded | Catalogue | Release Date | Chart Peak | Song Title | Writer(s) | Time |
| 1. | 10/10/58 | 55166 | 10/58 | No. 35 | "C'mon Everybody" | Eddie Cochran and Jerry Capehart | 1:54 |
| 2. | 1/8/60 | 55242b | 3/60 | | "Three Steps to Heaven" | Eddie Cochran | 2:11 |
| 3. | 1/8/60 | 55242 | 3/60 | | "Cut Across Shorty" | Marijohn Wilkin and Wayne Walker | 1:48 |
| 4. | 7/57 | LRP 3061 | 11/57 | | "Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?" | S. Wiseman | 2:32 |
| 5. | 10/21/59 | 55217 | 11/59 | | "Hallelujah I Love Her So" | Ray Charles | 2:17 |
| 6. | 1/57 | 55056 | 2/57 | | "Sittin' in the Balcony" | John D. Loudermilk | 1:58 |

### Side two

| Track | Recorded | Catalogue | Release Date | Chart Peak | Song Title | Writer(s) | Time |
| 1. | 3/28/58 | 55144 | 7/58 | No. 8 | "Summertime Blues" | Eddie Cochran and Jerry Capehart | 1:57 |
| 2. | 6/57 | LRP 3061 | 11/57 | | "Lovin' Time" | Jan Woolsey | 2:04 |
| 3. | 6/23/59 | 55203 | 7/59 | No. 58 | "Somethin' Else" | Bob Cochran and Sharon Sheeley | 2:03 |
| 4. | 7/57 | LRP 3061 | 11/57 | | "Tell Me Why" | Eddie Cochran | 2:14 |
| 5. | 1/59 | 55177 | 2/59 | No. 99 | "Teenage Heaven" | Eddie Cochran and Jerry Capehart | 2:04 |
| 6. | 5/57 | 55087 | 7/57 | No. 82 | "Drive In Show" | Fred Dexter | 2:00 |