OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem

The Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom the theorem is named) in 2012. It has particular significance for how one may interpret the nature of the quantum state.
With respect to certain realist hidden variable theories that attempt to explain the predictions of quantum mechanics, the theorem rules that pure quantum states must be "ontic" in the sense that they correspond directly to states of reality, rather than "epistemic" in the sense that they represent probabilistic or incomplete states of knowledge about reality.
The PBR theorem may also be compared with other no-go theorems like Bell's theorem and the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem, which, respectively, rule out the possibility of explaining the predictions of quantum mechanics with local hidden variable theories and noncontextual hidden variable theories. Similarly, the PBR theorem could be said to rule out preparation independent hidden variable theories, in which quantum states that are prepared independently have independent hidden variable descriptions.
This result was cited by theoretical physicist Antony Valentini as "the most important general theorem relating to the foundations of quantum mechanics since Bell's theorem".

## Theorem

This theorem, which first appeared as an arXiv preprint and was subsequently published in Nature Physics, concerns the interpretational status of pure quantum states. Under the classification of hidden variable models of Harrigan and Spekkens, the interpretation of the quantum wavefunction $|\psi \rangle$ can be categorized as either ψ-ontic if "every complete physical state or ontic state in the theory is consistent with only one pure quantum state" and ψ-epistemic "if there exist ontic states that are consistent with more than one pure quantum state." The PBR theorem proves that either the quantum state $|\psi \rangle$ is ψ-ontic, or else non-entangled quantum states violate the assumption of preparation independence, which would entail action at a distance.
   In conclusion, we have presented a no-go theorem, which—modulo assumptions—shows that models in which the quantum state is interpreted as mere information about an objective physical state of a system cannot reproduce the predictions of quantum theory. The result is in the same spirit as Bell’s theorem, which states that no local theory can reproduce the predictions of quantum theory.
# Pterolophia paraflavescens

Pterolophia paraflavescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1977.
# Hot Coffee

Hot Coffee may refer to:
* Coffee, a beverage that is typically served hot
* Hot Coffee, Mississippi, a non census-designated community in Covington County, Mississippi
* Hot Coffee (minigame), a normally inaccessible minigame in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
* Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants, a 1994 product liability lawsuit involving spilt hot coffee
** Hot Coffee (film), a 2011 documentary about the 1994 product liability lawsuit
# Tumen, Madhya Pradesh

Tumen is a village in Ashoknagar district of Madhya Pradesh state of India.
Tumen is a historical place 9km. far From Dis. Ashoknagar. In south direction. Here is many ancient temples and stachue. Vindyvashni temple goddess temple here,hazarmukhi temple baldau ji temple,maa mahishasur mardini temple, triveni river and other temple and place situated here
# Stigmella montanotropica

Stigmella montanotropica is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in tropical montane forest on the western slopes on the Andes in Ecuador.
The wingspan is 5-5.1 mm for females. Adults have been found from February to early March.
The larvae feed on Acalypha species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Swampblood

Swampblood is the sixth studio album by American rock band Legendary Shack Shakers. It is the third and final entry in the band's "Tentshow Trilogy" of albums, after Believe (2004) and Pandelirium (2006).

## Musical style

According to AllMusic, the Legendary Shack Shakers "continue to expand their musical palette" with Swampblood, writing that "the Tennessee hell-raisers have added a healthy portion of classic swamp rock to the menu", comparing the title track's style to the music of Tony Joe White, "Old Spur Line" to Slim Harpo, and "Hellwater" to Creedence Clearwater Revival. Hybrid magazine said that Swampblood "continues to purvey that classic country blues with a bayou twist" that the band is known for, but branches out beyond this style "with alternative forms of alternative country music, all the while maintaining their distinctive sound".
Swampblood is the final album in the band's "Tentshow Trilogy", preceded by Believe (2004) and Pandelirium (2006).

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Andrew Gilstrap of popmatters.com rated the album at 7/10, commenting, "Swampblood finds the band in something of a high-octane back-to-basics blues mode". Embo Blake of HybridMagazine noted that the band, in this album, "maintain[ed] their distinctive sound and superb musical quality".

## Track listing

* "Dawn" – 0:34
* "Old Spur Line" – 3:47
* "Hellwater" – 2:12
* "Easter Flesh" – 2:16
* "Swampblood" – 3:10
* "Dusk" – 0:16
* "Cheat the Hangman" – 1:36
* "Born Again Again" – 2:18
* "The Deadenin'" – 2:48
* "Down and Out" – 3:11
* "Jimblyleg Man" – 2:39
* "He Ain't Right" – 2:10
* "Angel Lust" – 1:55
* "Preachin' at Traffic" – 1:38
* "When I Die" – 1:14
* "Bright and Sunny South" – 1:02

## Personnel

* Col. J.D. Wilkes – vocals, mouth harps, piano, organs, tape effects
* Mark Robertson – upright bass, bass guitar, baritone guitars, bgvs
* DavidLee – guitar
* Brett Whitacre – drums
* Steve Mabee – engineer, mixing

### Guests

* Rich Gilbert – saw on "The Deadening"
* Jordan Richter – additional engineering on "Born Again Again"
* Paulie Simmons – drums on "Born Again Again"
* Steve Latanation – shaker, backing vocals
* Ward Stout – fiddle
* Fats Kaplan – mandolin on "Born Again Again"
* Kristi Rose – backing vocals on "Born Again Again"
* Jack Irwin – piano and organ on "Born Again Again"
# Els Witte

Els, Baroness Witte (born 30 September 1941, Borgerhout) is a Belgian historian. She was professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and honorary rector of the university. Els Witte was the first female rector of a Belgian university. She was a member of the Coudenberg group, a Belgian federalist think tank.

## Career

She started her career as an assistant at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium). In 1974 she joined the in 1969 newly founded Vrije Universiteit Brussel as a full-time historian. Between 1994 and 2000, she was Rector of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In the course of her career, she was also President of the board of the Belgian Radio and Television (now: Flemish Radio and Television Network VRT).
# Puls, Steinburg

Puls is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Emblethis vicarius

Emblethis vicarius, the sand bug, is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae.
# Emil Ritterling

Emil Ritterling (20 December 1861, in Leipzig – 7 February 1928, in Wiesbaden) was a German historian and archaeologist.
He studied classical philology and history at the universities of Bonn and Leipzig, and afterwards worked for several years as a librarian in Berlin (1887–91). In 1892 he relocated to Wiesbaden, where he eventually became a member of the Imperial Limes Commission. In 1899–1911 and 1915–23 he was director of the Nassau Regional Museum of Archaeology in Wiesbaden, and from 1911 to 1914 was head of Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute in Frankfurt am Main. In 1902 he received the title of professor.

## Selected works

* De Legione Romanorum X Gemina, 1885 – The Legio X Gemina.
* Römische Münzen aus Wiesbaden und Umgegend im Altertums-Museum zu Wiesbaden, 1896 – Roman coins from Wiesbaden and its environs at the Antiquities Museum in Wiesbaden.
* Zum römischen Heerwesen des ausgehenden dritten Jahrhunderts, 1903 – On the Roman army of the third century.
* Das frührömische lager bei Hofheim im Taunus, 1904 – An early Roman camp at Hofheim am Taunus.
* Das Kastell Niederbieber Ausgrabungsbericht, 1912 – The castle at Niederbieber excavation report.
* Ein Amtsabzeichen der beneficiarii consularis im Museum zu Wiesbaden, 1919 – An official badge of beneficiarii consularis in the museum at Wiesbaden.
* Fasti des römischen Deutschland unter dem Prinzipat (with Edmund Groag, edited by Ernst Stein, 1932) – Fasti of Roman Germania under the Principate.
* Die kaiserlichen Beamten und Truppenkörper im römischen Deutschland unter dem Prinzipat (edited by Ernst Stein, 1932) – The imperial officials and troops in Roman Germania under the Principate.
# Emil Rittershaus

Friedrich Emil Rittershaus (3 April 1834 – 8 March 1897) was a German poet.

## Biography

He was born in Barmen (now Wuppertal), Kingdom of Prussia. His poetry, marked by simple feeling, fine diction, and original matter, won great popularity. He died in Barmen. His daughter, Adeline, was a philologist, scholar, and champion for the equality of women.
He was a member of the Wuppertal poets' circle in the 1850s. He knew Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and wrote several letters to them in 1867–1868.

## Gallery

* A statue of Rittershaus in the Barmer Anlagen (a park) in Wuppertal
* The statue's plaque, it reads "To the poet and philanthropist, established in 1900"

## Selected works

* — (1880) [First ed. 1855]. Gedichte [Poems] (6th ed.). Breslau: Eduard Trewendt. OCLC 608819518.
* Westfalenlied [de] (Westphalia Anthem; 1886)
* — (1890) [First ed. c. 1886]. Buch der Leidenschaft [Book of Passion] (in German) (3rd ed.). OCLC 68063153.
* — (1893) [First ed. 1893]. In Bruderliebe und Brudertreue [In brotherly love and brotherly loyalty] (in German). Hesse. OCLC 1133304482.
* — (1893). Spruchperlen heitrer lebenskunst [Proverbs of cheerful life] (in German). Berlin: G. Grote. OCLC 798559250.
* — (1900) [First ed. 1884]. Am Rhein und beim Wein Gedichte (4th stereotype ed.). Bonn: Strauß. OCLC 1068827667.
# Punicalin

Punicalin is an ellagitannin. It can be found in Punica granatum (pomegranate) or in the leaves of Terminalia catappa, a plant used to treat dermatitis and hepatitis. It is also reported in Combretum glutinosum, all three species being Myrtales, the two last being Combretaceae.
It is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

## Chemistry

The molecule contains a gallagic acid component linked to a glucose.
# Punicacortein D

Punicacortein D is an ellagitannin, a type of phenolic compound. It is found in the bark and heartwood of Punica granatum (pomegranate). The molecule contains a gallagic acid component.
# Emil Zimmermann

Emil Zimmermann is a retired East German slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. He won two silver medals at the 1957 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Augsburg, earning them in the C-1 event and the C-1 team event.
# Purnendu Basu

Purnendu Basu is an Indian politician and the former Minister for Agriculture in the Government of West Bengal. He was also an MLA, elected from the Rajarhat Gopalpur constituency in the 2011 and 2016 West Bengal state assembly election. He is currently Chairperson of West Bengal State Council of Technical and Vocational Education for Skill Development.

## Career
### MLA of Rajarhat Gopalpur

He served as the MLA, elected from the Rajarhat Gopalpur constituency in the 2011 and 2016 West Bengal state assembly election and was succeeded by Aditi Munshi in 2021 election.

### Minister of West Bengal

He served as the Agriculture Minister of West Bengal Government in the First Mamata Banerjee ministry from the years 2014 until 2017, when he was replaced by Asish Banerjee.
He served as Minister of Labour of West Bengal Government in the First Mamata Banerjee ministry between the years 2011 – 2014 and was replaced by Moloy Ghatak.
He also served as Minister for Technical Education, Training & Skill Development of West Bengal Government from 2011-2016 and was replaced by Ashima Patra and again from 2017 – 2021 and was succeeded by Humayun Kabir.
# Emil von Sydow

Emil von Sydow (15 July 1812 – 13 October 1873) was a German military officer, geographer and cartographer born in Freiberg, Saxony.
Prior to 1843, he was a geography instructor at the military academy in Erfurt, afterwards being appointed as a member of the Ober- Militär-Examinationscommission in Berlin. In 1849, he began giving instruction in geography to Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906), and soon afterwards gave lectures on military geography at the Allgemeinen Kriegsschule. From 1855 to 1860, he performed geographical and cartological duties in Gotha, then returned to Berlin, where in 1867 he was appointed Abtheilungschef (division chief) to the Prussian General Staff. In 1870, he attained the rank of Colonel, and died three years later in Berlin due to cholera.
He is considered to be the founder of methodical school cartography, and distinguished himself by creating his own wall maps for classroom instruction. In 1838 he produced a physical map of Asia in his "Schulmethodischer Wand Atlas" (Methodic Wall Atlas for Schools) that was soon followed by maps of other continents. On these maps, Sydow developed a color methodology for landscape features using hachures, where green was depicted for lowlands and brown used for highlands. Wilhelm Perthes (1793–1853) of the publishing firm "Justus Perthes Geographische Anstalt Gotha" was impressed with Sydow's work and in 1849 produced the latter's "Schulatlas in sechsunddreigig Karten" (Schoolatlas in 36 maps), a work that eventually ran to 39 editions by 1887. The Drei Karten-Klippen generalized the knowledge of the projection of the surface of the sphere on the map, the representation of the three-dimensional Earth's surface on the two-dimensional paper and the selection and generalization of the map objects, basic questions that made Sydow pioneering.
After von Sydow's death, Hermann Wagner (1840-1929), a geography professor at Göttingen, designed the "Sydow-Wagner Methodischer Schulatlas" (Sydow-Wagner Methodical School Atlas) with 60 major and 50 inset maps.
# Empressite

Empressite or tellursilberblende is a mineral form of silver telluride, AgTe. It is a rare, grey, orthorhombic mineral with which can form compact masses, rarely as bipyramidal crystals.
Recent crystallographic analysis has confirmed that empressite is a distinct mineral with orthorhombic crystal structure, different from the hexagonal Ag$_{5−x}$Te$_3$ with which empressite has been commonly confused in mineralogy literature. At the same time, empressite does not appear on the equilibrium Ag-Te phase diagram, and therefore it is only metastable at ambient conditions. Given infinite time, it would phase separate into pure Ag$_5$Te$_3$ and pure Te.
The name empressite comes from the location of its discovery – the Empress Josephine mine, Saguache County, Colorado, US. It was first described in 1914.
# Pyrenacantha

Pyrenacantha is a genus of plant in family Icacinaceae. It has about 20 species, all from the Old World tropics.

## List of selected species

* Pyrenacantha acuminata Engl.
* Pyrenacantha ambrensis Labat, El-Achkar & R.Rabev.
* Pyrenacantha andapensis Labat, El-Achkar & R. Rabev.
* Pyrenacantha brevipes Engl.
* Pyrenacantha capitata H.Perrier
* Pyrenacantha chlorantha Baker
* Pyrenacantha cordicula Villiers
* Pyrenacantha malvifolia Engl.
* Pyrenacantha volubilis William Jackson Hooker, 1830. (type species)
# Pygmalion and Galatea

Pygmalion and Galatea are two characters from Greco-Roman mythology.
Pygmalion and Galatea may also refer to:
* Pygmalion and Galatea (play), a play by W. S. Gilbert
* Pygmalion and the Image series, a series of paintings by Edward Burne-Jones
* Pygmalion and Galatea (Gérôme painting), a painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme
* Pygmalion and Galatea (film), a 1898 film by Georges Méliès
# Expand North Star

Expand North Star, previously known as GITEX Future Stars, is an annual technology startup event in Dubai at the Dubai World Trade Center. Strategically a part of GITEX GLOBAL, North Star showcases startups in front of tech industry professionals from more than 100 countries worldwide.
The event also features multiple conferences across nine stages, including the 10x Stage, Pitch Stage, Spotlight Stage, Rising Stage, Marketing Mania, Creative Economy, Youth X, Blockchain Stage and Fintech Stage. The event also organizes a pitch competition by the name of Supernova Challenge with a cash prize of USD 200,000.

## History

North Star Dubai was started as GITEX Future Stars in 2016. It is being held annually along with the technology event GITEX in Dubai at the Dubai World Trade Centre.
In 2017, the event took place between October 8 to 12. Christopher Schroeder moderated several panels at the event.
The 2018 event took place from October 14 to 17. Etisalat launched innovation programme, "Future Now."
The 2019 event took place from October 6 to 9.
The 2020 event took place between December 6 to 10. It also held "Israel Innovation Discovery Day" on December 8 which featured investors and technology experts.
In 2021, the event was renamed from GITEX Future Stars to North Star Dubai and it took place from October 17 to 20. That year, "GITEX YouthX Unipreneur" was launched to showcase youth leadership initiatives and tech startups in the event. In 2021, Dubai World Trade Center announced that the GITEX Future Stars would be rebranded to North Star Dubai.
In 2022, along with GITEX Global (formerly known as GITEX), it took place from October 10 to 13. It also started a panel named "Africa Fast 100," for African tech start-ups.
The four-day 2024 event, named Expand North Star, will take place from October 13–16.
# Khander Tehsil

Khander is a tehsil located in Torghar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 74,638 according to the 2017 census.
# John R. Hunting

John R. Hunting (born November 7, 1931) is a philanthropist who is the son of David D. Hunting, founder of Steelcase, an office furniture manufacture based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 2006 he was noted as a major contributor to liberal or progressive 527 organizations. He was also the President of the Beldon Fund, which was an environmental fund that ceased to exist. He is particularly active on environmental causes, and also funds other progressive causes including EMILY's List.

## Biography

John R. Hunting was born to an Episcopalian family on November 7, 1931, at Blodgett Hospital in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Mary (née Ives) and David Dyer Hunting Sr. His father was a co-founder of Steelcase. He went to school in East Grand Rapids, Michigan and later at the Cranbrook Academy in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He attended the University of Michigan but was drafted and spent two years in the United States Army. After his service, he graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in guidance counseling and accepted a job at the Cranbrook academy as a teacher.
Hunting along with George Soros and other Democracy Alliance members Gail Furman; Paul Rudd (co-founder of Adaptive Analytics); Pat Stryker; Nicholas Hanauer; ex-Clinton administration official Rob Stein; Drummond Pike; real estate developer Robert Bowditch; Pioneer Hybrid International-heir and congressional candidate Scott Wallace; Susie Tompkins Buell; real estate developer Albert Dwoskin; and Taco Bell-heir Rob McKay, funded the Secretary of State Project, an American non-profit, 527 political action committee focused on electing reform-minded progressive Secretaries of State in battleground states, who typically oversee the election process. The Alliance was critical in getting California Secretary of State Debra Bowen and Minnesota Secretary of State Mark Ritchie re-elected.
# Tuala

Tuala may refer to:

## Surname

* Ahsee Tuala, Samoan rugby player
* Enari Tuala, Australian rugby league player
* Tafaoimalo Leilani Tuala-Warren, Samoan judge

## Given name

* Aveau Tuala Lepale Niko Faitala Palamo, Samoan politician
* Tuala, a fictional character in The Bridei Chronicles
* Tuala Ainiu Iusitino (1936–2010), Samoan politician
* Tuala Falani Chan Tung, Samoan ambassador to Belgium
* Tuala Falenaoti Tiresa Malietoa, Samoan politician and educator
* Tuala Mathew M. Vaea, Samoan rugby player

## Other uses

* Tuala, or taula, a name for Durio graveolens among the Kenyah and Dayak peoples
* Tuala, a township in Ongata Rongai, Kenya
* Tuala, a village in Moxico Province, Angola
# Pterotopteryx monticola

Pterotopteryx monticola is a moth of the family Alucitidae. It was described by Zagulajev in 1992. It is found in Russia.
# TNFSF12

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF12 gene.

## Function

TWEAK was discovered in 1997. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution. Leukocytes are the main source of TWEAK including human resting and activated monocytes, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. TWEAK can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis.

## Clinical significance

Excessive activation of the TWEAK pathway in chronic injury has been described to promote pathological tissue changes including chronic inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis. In chronic liver disease, for example, TWEAK expression is enhanced and causes hepatic stellate cells, which are key regulators of liver fibrosis, to proliferate.
# Stephen Singleton

Stephen Barry Singleton (born 17 April 1959) is an English musician, currently residing in Sheffield, England. He was the saxophonist in the pop band ABC (which he left in 1984), starring in the 1983 short film Mantrap.
According to an interview Singleton did for the documentary Made in Sheffield, he was friends with Def Leppard's lead vocalist Joe Elliott when the two were young children. Along with Mark White and David Sydenham, he founded the electronic band Vice Versa in 1977. He also produced several issues of Steve's Papers, a Sheffield punk fanzine.
In the early 1990s, Singleton was a member of the band Bleep & Booster, who released an album on London Records and produced some remixes for East 17. Singleton also produced records by Treebound Story (featuring a young Richard Hawley) The Screaming Trees album A Fracture In Time and Libitina.
Singleton declined to participate in VH1's Bands Reunited in 2004, when attempts were made to reform ABC for a one-off performance. Only two members, Martin Fry and David Palmer, reunited and performed.
In 2015, Stephen Singleton and Mark White reformed Vice Versa.

## Discography

| Year | Artist | Album title | Label |
| 1980 | Vice Versa | 8 Aspects Of | Neutron |
| 1982 | ABC | The Lexicon of Love | Neutron |
| 1983 | ABC | Beauty Stab | Neutron |
| 1994 | Bleep & Booster | The World Of | London |
| 2005 | Stephen Singleton | Stephen Singleton | White label |
| 2014 | Vice Versa | Electrogenesis 1978–1980 | VOD |