# Timeline of Kabul

The following is a timeline of the history of Kabul, Afghanistan.

## Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the :
History of Afghanistan :
Timeline :
Ancient Indus Valley civilisation 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Gandhara kingdom 1500–535 BC Median Empire 728–550 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Macedonian Empire 330–312 BC Seleucid Empire 312–150 BC Maurya Empire 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrian kingdom 256–125 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Indo-Greek kingdom 180–90 BC Indo-Scythian kingdom 155–80? BC Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD Indo-Parthian kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD Sasanian Empire 230–651 Kidarite kingdom 320–465 Rob Alchon Huns 380–560 Hephthalite Empire 410–557 Nezak Huns 484–711 :
Medieval Kabul Shahi 565–879 Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries Rashidun Caliphate 652–661 Tang China 660–669 Tibetan Empire 660–842 Umayyads 661–750 Zunbils 680–870 Lawik750-977 Abbasids 750–821 Tahirids 821–873 Saffarids 863–900 Samanids 875–999 Ghaznavids 963–1187 Ghurids before 879–1215 Seljuks 1037–1194 Khwarezmids 1215–1231 Mongol Invasion 1219–1226 Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245 Qarlughids 1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1256–1335 Kartids 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1520–1591 :
Modern Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Hotak dynasty 1709–1738 Sadozai Sultanate 1716–1732 Afsharid Iran 1738–1747 Durrani Empire 1747–1823 Principality of Qandahar1818–1855 Emirate 1823–1926 Saqqawist Emirate 1929 Kingdom 1926–1973 Daoud coup 1973 Republic 1973–1978 Saur Revolution 1978 Democratic Republic 1978–1992 Tanai coup attempt 1990 Islamic State 1992–1996 Islamic Emirate 1996–2001 US invasion 2001 Islamic State (reinstated) 2001 Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004 Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021 Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021 :
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* Circa 1500–1200 B.C. – The Rigveda, a book of Vedic Sanskrit hymns, called this town "Kubha". By about 1000 BC the Zend Avesta of Zoroastrianism mentioned the region and praised it as ideal.
* c. 678–549 BCE. - Kabul valley was part of the Median Empire.
* c. 549 BCE. the Median Empire was annexed by Cyrus the Great and Kabul valley became part the Achaemenid Empire.
* c. 330 BCE. the Achaemenid empire was conquered by Alexander the Great.
* c. 305 BCE. the valley is seized by Alexander's general Seleucus, becoming part of the Seleucid Empire.
* c. 5th century CE – Bala Hissar (fortress) built.
* 565 – Kabul Shahi is in power.
* 794 – Shahi capital relocated to Kabul from Kapisa.
* 1461 – Wali khan Beg is in power.
* 1502 – Arghunid Muqim in power.
* 1504 – Siege of Kabul; Mughal Babur in power.
* 1528 – Gardens of Babur developed outside city.
* 1545 – Mughal Humayun in power.
* 1637 – Char Chatta Bazaar built.
* 1646 – Shahjahani Mosque built.
* 1738 – Persian Nader Shah captures citadel.
* 1747 – Ahmad Shah Durrani in power.
* 1772 – Timur Shah Naizy in power.
* 1773 – Durrani capital relocated to Kabul from Kandahar (approximate date).
* 1793 – Timur Shah Mausoleum built.
* 1838 – British troops arrive.
* 1839 – 7 August: Shah Shujah Durrani in power.
* 1841 – 2 November: Uprising against Shah Shujah Durrani.
* 1842
** Battle of Kabul.
** 19 February: The Jalalabad earthquake caused severe damage and 500 deaths.
* 1850 – Char Chatta (bazaar) restored.
* 1879
** 3 September: British residency attacked.
** October: British occupy Kabul.
** December: Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment.
* 1880 - Accession of Abdur Rahman Khan as Emir of Afghanistan.

## 20th century

* 1901
** Arg (presidential palace) built.
** Population: 140,000 (estimate).
* 1903 – Habibia High School founded.
* 1913 – Clock tower built.
* 1919
** Mu'arrif-i ma'arif begins publication.
** Id Gah Mosque and Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Mausoleum built.
* 1920s
** Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque built.
** Tajbeg Palace and Darul Aman Palace built outside city.
* 1922 / 1301 SH
** Lycée Esteqlal established.
** Solar Hijri calendar officially adopted in Afghanistan.
* 1923 – Kabul–Darulaman Tramway constructed.
* 1924 – Amani High School founded.
* 1928 – Paghman Gardens open.
* 1931
** Kabul University established.
** National Museum of Afghanistan relocated to Darulaman from Koti Bagcha.
* 1933 – 8 November: Mohammed Nadir Shah assassinated.
* 1940 – Radio Kabul begins broadcasting with 20 kilowatt transmitter.
* 1948 – Ghulam Mohammad Farhad becomes mayor.
* 1957 – Sherpur Mosque built.
* 1961 – Jangalak neighborhood established.
* 1965 – Population: 435,000.
* 1967
** Kabul Zoo inaugurated.
** Kabul Golf Club opens outside city.
* 1968 – Naghlu Dam begins generating hydroelectric power.
* 1969 – Hotel Inter-Continental in business.
* 1970 – Kabul Airport in operation (approximate date).
* 1973 – Population: 318,094 city; 534,350 urban agglomeration.
* 1975 – Rock music festival held.
* 1977 – Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan founded.
* 1978
** April: Anti-Daoud demonstrations.
** 28 April: Coup.
* 1979 – 27 December: Soviet forces occupy city.
* 1980 - 22 February: 3 Hut uprising
* 1988 – Population: 1,424,400 (estimate).
* 1989 – Soviet troops withdraw.
* 1992 – April: Battle of Kabul (1992–1996) begins.
* 1995 – 6 September: Pakistani embassy sacked.
* 1996 – 27 September: Taliban take city.

## 21st century

* 2001
** November: City besieged by United States forces.
** Population: 2,080,000 (estimate).
* 2002
** January: Marjan of Kabul Zoo dies.
** Nejat Drug Rehabilitation Centre active.
** September: Bombing.
* 2003
** December: Constitutional convention.
** Khwaja Faqiron Mosque reconstructed.
** Music school established.
* 2004
** Jamhuriat Hospital built.
** Sultani Museum established.
* 2005
** French Medical Institute for Children established.
** City administrative sectors expand to 18 (from 11).
** Kabul City Center (shopping mall) opens.
* 2008
** January: Serena Hotel attack.
** July: Bombing of Indian embassy.
* 2009
** February: Raids.
** August: Bombing of NATO building.
** October: Bombing of Indian embassy.
** October: UN attack.
** Air pollution in Kabul reaches annual mean of 86 PM2.5 and 260 PM10, much higher than recommended.
* 2010
** January: Muhammad Yunus Nawandish becomes mayor.
** January attack.
** February attack.
** May bombing.
* 2011
** May: Bombing of military hospital.
** June: Inter-Continental Hotel attack.
** September attack.
** December: Bombing at mosque.
** Kabul National Cricket Stadium opens.
** Institute for Afghan Arts & Architecture established.
* 2012
** February: Quran burning protests.
** April attacks by Taliban.
** May: Assassination of Arsala Rahmani Daulat.
** Abdul Rahman Mosque and Afghanistan Football Federation stadium open.
** Population: 3,289,000 (estimate).
* 2013
** June bombings.
** Presidential palace attack.
* 2014
** Restaurant bombing.
** Serena Hotel attack.
** December bombings.
* 2015
** Park Palace guesthouse attack.
** Parliament attack.
** 7 August attacks.
** 10 August bombing.
** 22 August bombing.
** Spanish Embassy attack.
* 2016
** February bombing.
** April attack.
** Attack on Canadian Embassy guards.
** July bombing near Deh Mazang square.
** 1 August attack.
** American University attack.
** September attack.
** November bombing.
** Population: 3,817,241 (estimate).
* 2017
** January bombing.
** Supreme Court bombing.
** Hospital attack.
** May bombing.
** 3 June bombing.
** June mosque attack.
** 24 July bombing.
** Iraqi embassy attack.
** 28 December bombing.
* 2018
** 4 January bombing.
** Inter-Continental Hotel attack.
** Ambulance bombing.
** March bombing.
** 22 April bombing.
** 30 April bombings.
** August bombing.
** September attacks.
** November bombing.
* 2019
** Mosque bombing.
** 1 July attack.
** 25 July bombings.
** 28 July bombing.
** 7 August bombing.
** 17 August bombing.
** 2 and 5 September bombings.
** 17 September bombing.
** November bombing.
* 2020
** February bombing.
** 6 March shooting.
** Gurdwara attack.
** University attack.
* 2021
** School bombing.
** Mosque bombing.
** June bombings.
** Fall of Kabul