OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob Snowman

Jacob Snowman (24 November 1871 – 28 February 1959) M.D., M.R.C.S. was a British doctor and mohel, notable for having circumcised King Charles (now Charles III) in December 1948, and other members of the British nobility and Royal Family.
Snowman was the son of Abraham Snowman (1849–1918), a picture dealer. He was the older brother to both painter Isaac Snowman (1873–1947) and jeweller Emanuel Snowman (1886–1970), who married into the prominent Wartski family of jewellers and became the company chairman. Wartski has enjoyed generations of Royal patronage, supplying the Welsh gold wedding bands for Charles and the former Camilla Parker-Bowles, as well as the bands worn by Prince William and the former Kate Middleton.
John Cozijn and Robert Darby, who is an historian of the British circumcision movement, have suggested that the British Royal Family invited Rabbi Snowman ("rabbi" is an honorific commonly afforded to mohels) to circumcise the infant Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace most likely because of his extensive experience with circumcision, and perhaps because non-Jewish family physicians were deemed less familiar or adept with the procedure (which was widely performed on British middle- and upper-class male infants from the 1890s through the 1940s). Darby and Cozijn have cast doubt on claims, arising in the 1990s and widely reported after the birth of Prince George in 2013, that a Royal Family "circumcision tradition" extends back to Queen Victoria's era, or even to George I in the early 18th century, grounded in secretive Davidic or British Israelist religious tradition.
Snowman wrote specialist articles and at least four books, including Jewish Law and Sanitary Science (1896), Clinical Surgical Diagnosis (Second English Edition, 1917), Lenzmann's Manual of Emergencies, Medical, Surgical and Obstetric: their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment (1919, based upon Emergencies in Medical Practice by Richard Lenzmann [de]), a revised Manual of Emergencies, Medical, Surgical, and Obstetric (1926), A Short History of Talmudic Medicine (with thirteen editions between 1935 and 1974), and The Surgery of Ritual Circumcision (1904). The latter book was published in at least three distinct editions, the last appearing posthumously in 1962 under the co-authorship of his son Leonard Snowman (1900–1976).
# Jack Todd (footballer, born 1881)

John Herbert Hollick Todd (15 April 1881 – 14 May 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Jack Todd

Jack Todd may refer to:
* John (Jack) Todd (1911–2007), Northern Irish mathematician and pioneer in the field of numerical analysis
* Jack Todd (journalist) (born 1946), sports columnist for the Montreal Gazette
* Jack Todd (footballer, born 1881) (1881–1962), Australian rules footballer for Carlton
* Jack Todd (footballer, born 1879) (1879–1960), Australian rules footballer for St Kilda and South Melbourne
# Jackie Torrens

Jackie Torrens is a Canadian actress, writer and filmmaker based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

## Acting

She began her career as an actress, most notably being cast as the frumpy but shrewd office manager Wanda Mattice in the television series Made in Canada in 1998. Along with the rest of the show's core ensemble, she is a three-time Gemini Award winner for Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series, winning at the 16th Gemini Awards in 2001, the 17th Gemini Awards in 2002, and the 19th Gemini Awards in 2004. They were also nominated, but did not win, at the 18th Gemini Awards in 2003, and Torrens was individually a Canadian Comedy Award nominee for Best Performance by a Female, Television at the 3rd Canadian Comedy Awards in 2002.
In 2013 she was cast as social worker Drucie Mackay in the television series Sex & Violence, for which she was nominated for Best Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015.
She has also won an award from the Nova Scotia chapter of the ACTRA Awards for her performance in the film Across the Line, and was nominated for both Sex & Violence and the film Heartbeat.

## Writing

Her stage plays have included Live! Nude! Animal!, Five Fables, Strange Antiques, That Is My Heart and Georama.
She has received several Robert Merritt Award nominations both as a playwright and as a stage actress.

## Filmmaking

In 2014 she released the documentary film Edge of East. With Jessica Brown, she is a partner in Peep Media, and has also released the documentary films My Week on Welfare, Small Town Show Biz: 2 Dreams from a Harbourtown, Radical Age and Bernie Langille Wants to Know What Happened to Bernie Langille.
Bernie Langille won the award for Best Atlantic Documentary at the 2022 FIN Atlantic Film Festival.

## Filmography
### Film

* Marion Bridge (2002)
* The Wild Dogs (2002)
* Heartbeat (2014)
* Across the Line (2015)

### Television

* Made in Canada (1998-2003)
* Sex & Violence (2013-2017)
# The Thieving Hand

The Thieving Hand (1908) is a surrealist silent short produced in the United States. As a trick film, it is known for "simple but flawless" special effects. No director is credited in the film. While some sources say it was J. Stuart Blackton, other sources say the director is unknown.

## Plot

A one-armed street peddler, who sells pencils from a cup, receives a new arm from a kindly stranger at a strange store that specializes in "Limb" replacements. The new arm has a mind of its own, though, and brings the man nothing but trouble. The peddler is arrested for thievery and thrown into jail. The story concludes with the arm crawling back to its rightful owner, a one-armed convicted thief in the same jail wearing stripped pajamas. At this point the film abruptly ends, but missing frames from the film show the pencil vendor is set free, and is free of the cursed arm.

## Film

The film was shot on location in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York City and released on February 1, 1908. It was among the early films of Vitagraph Studios, and was one of Paul Panzer's early films, he remained active in film until the 1950s.
No director is credited in the film. Some sources say the director is unknown while other sources attribute it to J. Stuart Blackton. None of the sources describe how they arrived at their conclusion, nor acknowledge a difference of opinion with other sources.
It is anthologized in the DVD set Treasures from American Film Archives (2000), compiled by the National Film Preservation Foundation. It is a digital reproduction from a 35mm print owned by George Eastman House, which has the only known surviving copy. In this release, the film's music score is an uncredited modern rendition of the comic ragtime song "The Yama Yama Man", from the play The Three Twins, a hit on Broadway in 1908.
The final frames in the final scene are missing in the sole known surviving copy of the film. They show the pencil vendor set free from jail after all becomes clear he was the innocent victim of the arm's true owner.
It was reviewed in Moving Picture World, which oddly criticized the surreal film for its lack of realism, noting that criminal suspects are not housed with convicts until after they are convicted. However the reviewer concludes it is "a fine trick film, full of ingenuity and good quality".

## Influences

According to Ryan Sweet, the plot has similarities to earlier stories that may have influenced the makers of the film. The street ballad "The Thief's Arm", collected by John Ashton in 1888, tells the story of an amputee who is fitted with a new arm that has an agency of its own, like in the film it steals without the owner's direction. Another possible influence according to Sweet was the popular song "The Steam Arm" from c. 1835, about an amputee fitted with a steam-powered limb that he can't control and that goes on a death and destruction rampage.
# Jacobus Wittichius

Jacobus Wittichius (Jacob Wittich) (1677–1739) was a German-Dutch philosopher, a Cartesian and follower of Burchard de Volder, and holder of controversial views on the nature of God.

## Life

He was the son of Tobias Wittich and nephew of Christophorus Wittichius, and was born in Aachen. He studied under Herman Alexander Roëll, at the University of Franeker.
A Latin dissertation at the University of Duisburg in 1711, on the nature of God, and at least nominally against Benedictus de Spinoza and Frederik van Leenhof, raised some questions about his orthodoxy. In 1717 he was a candidate for a chair at the University of Groningen, and was opposed by the theologian Antonius Driessen. Once he was given the chair, Wittichius found that Driessen continued to campaign against him, using an unauthorized Dutch translation of his Duisburg dissertation (anonymous but from the circle of Ruardus Andala); and his links to de Volder. Taco Hajo van den Honert of the University of Leiden moved in to defend Wittichius, and in the end he accepted a chair at Leiden instead. Leiden city and university now resisted outside pressure from Rotterdam in particular. Johann Franz Buddeus intervened, getting the Jena theology faculty to assert that the views of Wittichius were close to those of Spinoza and Abraham Joannes Cuffeler. Wittichius was comprehensively attacked in a pamphlet by Jacobus Leydekker in 1719. His position became a matter of wide discussion in the United Provinces; he defended himself by analogy with Johannes Bredenburg, and arguing that Cartesianism was effective against Spinozism.
Wittichius went on in combative fashion in his inaugural oration, with praise for Francis Bacon and Galileo, blame for the approach in philosophy of Gisbertus Voetius, employing Cartesian terminology, and making an allusion to Spinoza's Ethics. He continued to attack the views of Driessen and the Roëll family.
# Winsor Township, Michigan

Winsor Township is a civil township of Huron County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,960 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* Berne is an unincorporated community on the Township's border with McKinley Township at Berne Road and Berne Street 43°50′41″N 83°16′10″W﻿ / ﻿43.84472°N 83.26944°W﻿ / 43.84472; -83.26944 (Elevation: 620). It was founded in 1878.
* The Village of Pigeon is within the township.
* Kilmanagh is an unincorporated community partially in the southwest corner of the township at 43°45′22″N 83°21′25″W﻿ / ﻿43.75611°N 83.35694°W﻿ / 43.75611; -83.35694.
* Linkville is an unincorporated community on the Township's border with Brookfield Township on Kilmanagh Road between Caseville and Notter Road 43°45′29″N 83°16′02″W﻿ / ﻿43.75806°N 83.26722°W﻿ / 43.75806; -83.26722. with the community's Linkville Cemetery on Stein Road between Caseville and Notter Road in Winsor Township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 35.4 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.11%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,044 people, 786 households, and 557 families residing in the township. The population density was 57.8 inhabitants per square mile (22.3/km$^2$). There were 823 housing units at an average density of 23.3 per square mile (9.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.97% White, 0.34% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.73% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.
There were 786 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $37,222, and the median income for a family was $45,909. Males had a median income of $32,207 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,122. About 4.6% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Ranfurly Shield 1960–1969

The Ranfurly Shield, colloquially known as the Log o' Wood, is a trophy in New Zealand's domestic rugby union competition. First played for in 1904, the Ranfurly Shield is based on a challenge system, rather than a league or knockout competition as with most football trophies. The holding union must defend the Shield in challenge matches, and if a challenger defeats them, they become the new holder of the Shield.
Auckland began the decade as shield holders, and held it two other times throughout the 1960s. Six other provinces held the shield during the decade ending with Canterbury at the end of the decade.
# Falinge Park High School

Falinge Park High School is an 11–16 mixed comprehensive school in Shawclough area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom and is part of the Watergrove Trust. The school has been recognised as an Investor in People and has gained the International School Award, as well as Artsmark Gold, Sportsmark Gold and the Healthy Schools status. In 2010 Ofsted inspection it was found to be "a good school where pupils rise to the high expectations of the headteacher and staff".

## History

The school was founded as Rochdale Municipal High School for Girls in 1935. In 1953 it became Rochdale Grammar School for Girls, with an intake of 350 and in the 1970s it became a 13- to 18-year-old mixed sex school called Greenhill Upper School. Over the years the schools capacity has increased to 1,200 through a number of additional buildings. 31 August 1988 it was renamed to Falinge Park Upper School as a result of an amalgamation with another school. The school was renamed again to the school's current name, Falinge Park High School 31 August 1990 due to a borough reorganisation and the intake changed to the current 11–16 age range.

## Location

The school is located in the Shawclough area of Rochdale, bordering Falinge. It is named after the nearby Falinge Park and is situated just across the road from the park itself. The majority of pupils come from the Shawclough, Falinge and Spotland areas of Rochdale, though some pupils travel from areas such as Syke and Norden. The town centre is approximately 10 minutes walk from the main gate to the school, which makes it ideal for the pupils and staff who have to travel via public transport.

## School rebuild

Starting August 2012 the school is being rebuilt with the construction of a new three-storey building on the site, and a refurbishment of the existing sports hall and gym. The existing specialist ICT accommodation and dance studio will be retained. The rebuild project is due to be complete January 2014, the demolition of old buildings began April 2014 and was completed by June 2014.
Pupils moved into the 'New Build' in January 2014.
A new Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) block has been recently added.

## Notable former pupils

* Michael Ratu is a professional rugby league player, who plays for Hull Kingston Rovers. He attended the school until 2004.

### Watergrove Trust

Falinge Park High School became part of the Watergrove Trust on the 1st October 2024.

### Greenhill School

* Michelle Holmes, actress who played Sue (blonde hair) in Rita, Sue and Bob Too
* Liz Kershaw, radio presenter on 6 Music, and formerly Radio 1
* Nick Nuttall, executive at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Berlin
# List of settlements in Călărași County

This is a list of settlements in Călărași County, Romania.
The following are the county's cities and towns, along with their attached villages:
| City/Town | Villages |
| Călărași | |
| Oltenița | |
| Budești | Aprozi, Buciumeni, Gruiu |
| Fundulea | Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Gostilele |
| Lehliu Gară | Buzoeni, Răzvani, Valea Seacă |
The following are the county's communes, with component villages:
| Commune | Villages |
| Alexandru Odobescu | Alexandru Odobescu, Nicolae Bălcescu, Gălățui |
| Belciugatele | Belciugatele, Cândeasca, Cojești, Mataraua, Măriuța |
| Borcea | Borcea |
| Căscioarele | Căscioarele |
| Chirnogi | Chirnogi |
| Chiselet | Chiselet |
| Ciocănești | Ciocănești |
| Crivăț | Crivăț |
| Curcani | Curcani, Sălcioara |
| Cuza Vodă | Călărașii Vechi, Ceacu, Cuza Vodă |
| Dichiseni | Coslogeni, Dichiseni, Libertatea, Satnoeni |
| Dor Mărunt | Dâlga, Dâlga-Gară, Dor Mărunt, Înfrățirea, Ogoru, Pelinu |
| Dorobanțu | Boșneagu, Dorobanțu, Vărăști |
| Dragalina | Constantin Brâncoveanu, Dragalina, Drajna Nouă |
| Dragoș Vodă | Bogdana, Dragoș Vodă, Socoalele |
| Frăsinet | Curătești, Dănești, Frăsinet, Frăsinetu de Jos, Luptători, Tăriceni |
| Frumușani | Frumușani, Orăști, Pasărea, Pădurișu, Pițigaia, Postăvari |
| Fundeni | Fundeni |
| Gălbinași | Gălbinași |
| Grădiștea | Bogata, Cunești, Grădiștea, Rasa |
| Gurbănești | Codreni, Coțofanca, Gurbănești, Preasna, Preasna Veche, Valea Presnei |
| Ileana | Arțari, Florica, Ileana, Podari, Răsurile, Răzoarele, Satu Nou, Ștefănești, Vlăiculești |
| Independența | Independența, Potcoava, Vișinii |
| Jegălia | Gâldău, Iezeru, Jegălia |
| Lehliu | Lehliu, Săpunari |
| Luica | Luica, Valea Stânii |
| Lupșanu | Lupșanu, Nucetu, Plevna, Radu Vodă, Valea Rusului |
| Mânăstirea | Coconi, Mânăstirea, Sultana |
| Mitreni | Clătești, Mitreni, Valea Roșie |
| Modelu | Modelu, Radu Negru, Stoenești, Tonea |
| Nana | Nana |
| Nicolae Bălcescu | Fântâna Doamnei, Nicolae Bălcescu, Paicu |
| Perișoru | Mărculești-Gară, Perișoru, Tudor Vladimirescu |
| Plătărești | Cucuieți, Dorobanțu, Plătărești, Podu Pitarului |
| Radovanu | Radovanu, Valea Popii |
| Roseți | Roseți |
| Sărulești | Măgureni, Polcești, Săndulița, Sărulești, Sărulești-Gară, Sătucu, Solacolu |
| Sohatu | Progresu, Sohatu |
| Spanțov | Cetatea Veche, Spanțov, Stancea |
| Șoldanu | Negoești, Șoldanu |
| Ștefan cel Mare | Ștefan cel Mare |
| Ștefan Vodă | Ștefan Vodă |
| Tămădău Mare | Călăreți, Dârvari, Plumbuita, Săcele, Șeinoiu, Tămădău Mare, Tămădău Mic |
| Ulmeni | Ulmeni |
| Ulmu | Chirnogi, Făurei, Ulmu, Zimbru |
| Unirea | Oltina, Unirea |
| Valea Argovei | Lunca, Ostrovu, Siliștea, Valea Argovei, Vlădiceasca |
| Vasilați | Nuci, Popești, Vasilați |
| Vâlcelele | Floroaica, Vâlcelele |
| Vlad Țepeș | Mihai Viteazu, Vlad Țepeș |
# Tephris melanochreella

Tephris melanochreella is a species of moth in the family Pyralidae. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887. This moth is found in Turkmenistan.
# The Speed of Cattle

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | A− |
| The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
The Speed of Cattle is a compilation album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It is a collection of singles, rarities and radio sessions recorded in various locations between 1992 and 1995.

## Track listing

* "Wrong" - 3:50
* "South Carolina" - 3:33
* "Web in Front" - 2:08
* "Bathroom" - 1:45
* "Tatyana" - 4:43
* "What Did You Expect?" - 3:12
* "Ethel Merman" - 2:42
* "Funnelhead" - 2:51
* "Quinn Beast" - 3:42
* "Telepathic Traffic" - 3:04
* "Don't Believe The Good News" - 4:49
* "Smokin' Pot In The Hot City" - 3:17
* "Mutes In The Steeple" - 2:06
* "Revenge" - 2:47
* "Bacteria" - 6:30
* "Freezing Point" - 2:47
* "Powerwalker" - 3:36
* "Backwash" - 2:56
# Romero Osby

Romero Osby (born May 7, 1990) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for Maccabi Kiryat Gat of the Israeli Premier League. He played college basketball for Mississippi State University and the University of Oklahoma.

## Professional career

Osby was selected with the 51st overall pick by the Orlando Magic in the 2013 NBA draft. In July 2013, he joined the Magic for the 2013 NBA Summer League. On September 27, 2013, he signed with the Magic. However, he was later waived on October 25, 2013.
On November 4, 2013, the Fort Wayne Mad Ants, the D-League affiliate of the Magic, traded Osby's rights to the Maine Red Claws. On January 22, 2014, he was waived by the Red Claws due to a season-ending shoulder injury.
In July 2014, Osby re-joined the Orlando Magic for the 2014 NBA Summer League. He later signed with the Le Mans of the LNB Pro A for the 2014–15 season on July 25. After being ruled out for four months in late November with another shoulder injury, Le Mans and Osby finally parted ways on January 5, 2015. On February 5, 2015, he was reacquired by the Maine Red Claws. On April 20, 2015, he signed with Indios de Mayagüez of Puerto Rico for the rest of the 2015 BSN season. On May 29, 2015, he parted ways with Indios de Mayagüez.
On July 28, 2015, he signed with the French club JSF Nanterre. He left Nanterre after appearing in four league games, and on October 21, 2015, he signed with Maccabi Rishon LeZion of Israel. On December 7, 2015, he left Rishon LeZion and signed with Maccabi Kiryat Gat for the rest of the season.
# Koto (traditional clothing)

The koto is a traditional dress from the Afro-Surinamese or Creole women in Suriname. Women who wear the dress are called kotomisi (misi means miss in Sranan Tongo).
Different kotos exist for various occasions like weddings or funerals. The development of the koto as regular dress is not complete but it is still used in special occasions like the koto-dansi.
With the koto, women wear a head or body covering called an angisa or anisa. The folding of the angisa sends a social message, for example “Let them talk.”
For men the traditional clothing is the pangani.

## Gallery

* 1904-1933
* Koto, 1885
* For the Royal Visit to Suriname, 1955
* Doll in koto
* Arnoldus Borret - Kotomisi with orange twig, ca. 1880
# Semir Mahjoub

Semir Mahjoub also known as Samir Mahjoub (born December 19, 1964) is a Swedish-Tunisian businessman.

## Biography

Semir Mahjoub held different positions at Ericsson between 1994 and 2000, and between 2005 and 2012, including President of mobile commerce company Ericsson Money Services. In 2000, he co-founded and was then the CEO of telecommunications software company Incomit, which was acquired by BEA Systems in 2005.
Mahjoub holds a Master's degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Chalmers University of Technology.
# Glandora prostrata

Glandora prostrata, the shrubby gromwell, creeping gromwell or purple gromwell (names it shares with Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum and Glandora diffusa), is a species of Glandora native to Portugal, Spain and France. Its cultivars 'Grace Ward' and 'Heavenly Blue' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Subspecies

A subspecies is currently accepted:
* Glandora prostrata subsp. lusitanica (Samp.) D.C.Thomas
# Senator Edgerton

Senator Edgarton may refer to:
* Alfred Peck Edgerton (1813–1897), Ohio State Senate
* Alonzo J. Edgerton (1827–1896), U.S. Senator from Minnesota
* Edward H. Edgerton (1863–1934), Vermont State Senate
# Gladiovalva rumicivorella

Gladiovalva rumicivorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Pierre Millière in 1881. It is found in Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy.
# Gladisch

Gladisch is a German language surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Silke Gladisch (born 1964), German athlete
* Walter Gladisch (1882–1954), German admiral
# Send Kelp!

Send Kelp! is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Blake McWilliam and released in 2024. The film centres on Frances Ward, a woman who decided to deal with her fears about the world's environmental future by launching a kelp farm on Vancouver Island to contribute to replenishing the Pacific Ocean ecosystem.
The film premiered at the 39th Santa Barbara International Film Festival.

## Awards

Jonathan Krawchuk received a Canadian Screen Music Award nomination for Best Original Score for a Documentary Feature Film in 2024.