# George Vaughan Maddox

George Vaughan Maddox (1802–27 February 1864) was a nineteenth-century British architect and builder, whose work was undertaken principally in the town of Monmouth, Wales, and in the wider county. Working mainly in a Neo-Classical style, his extensive output made a significant contribution to the Monmouth townscape. The architectural historian John Newman considers that Monmouth owes to Maddox "its particular architectural flavour. For two decades from the mid-1820s he put up a sequence of public buildings and private houses in the town, in a style deft, cultured, and only occasionally unresolved." The Market Hall and 1-6 Priory Street are considered his "most important projects".

## Life and works

Maddox was born in 1802, the son of a builder, John Maddox, who also worked in the county. Howard Colvin suggests he was related to George Maddox. Maddox undertook a range of building commissions, including public works, churches and private domestic and commercial buildings.

### Public works

Maddox designed some of Monmouth's most notable buildings including "his major work" the Market Hall. In the early 1830s, he won a competition organised by the borough council in Monmouth. The council had two main objectives: to relieve Church Street, then the major route into the town from the east, of through traffic; and to provide a new market hall, to allow the removal of the existing market from beneath the Shire Hall, enabling the expansion of that building to accommodate the new Assizes court. Maddox proposed a new carriage road running above the bank of the River Monnow, supported by a viaduct. The Market Hall, with a crescent-shaped frontage of Bath Stone in a Doric style, and an Ionic cupola and clerestory above the central part of the building, was built on one side of the road, and a long convex stuccoed frontage, 1-6 Priory Street, on the opposite side. A range of slaughterhouses, the Shambles, comprising 24 rooms with openings onto the river so that their waste would drain directly into it, were sited beneath the sandstone arches of the viaduct. The new road, now Priory Street, was opened in 1834, and the Market Hall in 1840. John Newman notes the ingenuity and innovation of Maddox's scheme, which created "a remarkably early inner bypass".

### Churches

In Monmouth, Maddox designed the Methodist Church. The Victoria County History notes that Maddox undertook work at Hempsted, and Colvin suggests he undertook further ecclesiastical work at Clearwell, Gloucestershire. He drew up plans for the reconstruction of the interior of the Priory Church of St Mary, Abergavenny but these were not carried out. The local historian, Keith Kissack notes that Maddox designed new side galleries for St Mary’s in 1824 but this work was removed in George Edmund Street’s remodelling of the 1880s.

### Private commissions

Maddox's domestic and commercial buildings in the town and environs include the Beaufort Arms Hotel, Pentwyn at Rockfield, which he built as his own residence in 1834–37; and Croft-y-Bwla, a villa midway between Monmouth and Rockfield which was the home of Alexander Rolls and his first wife Kate Steward Rolls. Further works include the Masonic Hall, Kingsley House and Hendre House, the former of which he designed as his own townhouse, Oak House, and, possibly, 18 St James Street.
Within the wider county, he undertook a limited early re-building of The Hendre, and carried out work in Commercial Street, Pontypool. Cadw suggests that Maddox was also the architect of the main block of Piercefield House, near Chepstow, working to designs by Sir John Soane. Given the date of Maddox's birth, and the construction period for Piercefield, this seems unlikely. Newman follows the more conventional attribution to Soane himself.
Maddox died at Hempsted Rectory, Gloucestershire on 27 February 1864.

## Gallery

* The Market Hall in Priory Street, Monmouth
* The Market Hall c.1905, prior to the loss of the upper storey and the cupola in a fire in 1963
* The Shambles (slaughterhouses) beneath the Market Hall
* Monmouth Methodist Church
* Beaufort Arms Hotel
* The Masonic Hall
* Pentwyn - Maddox's house at Rockfield
* 1–6 Priory Street - Maddox's "remarkably early inner by-pass"
* The central block of 1-6 Priory Street
* Oak House