OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vincenzo Tangorra

Vincenzo Tangorra (1866–1922) was an Italian academic and politician who served as the minister of treasury between October and December 1922. He worked at the University of Pisa and a member of the Italian Parliament for the People's Party.

## Early life and education

Tangorra was born in Venosa on 10 December 1866. He received a degree in commerce in Venice in 1887. In 1890 he also obtained a degree in law in Rome.

## Career

Tangorra started his career as an accountant at the General Directorate of Railway Works in Ancona in 1888. From 1892 to 1902 he worked at the University of Rome as a lecturer. He was a faculty member at the University of Pisa between 1902 and 1922. There he worked as professor of finance and financial law. He also worked at the Catholic University of Milan.
After the end of World War I Tangorra joined People's Party and was elected to the Italian Parliament where he served for two terms in the XXV and XXVI legislatures. He was undersecretary at the ministry of the treasury from 4 July 1921 to 26 February 1922 during the first cabinet of Ivanoe Bonomi. In October 1922 Tangorra was appointed minister of treasury to the cabinet led by Benito Mussolini and held the post until his sudden death in December 1922. Italian economist Alberto de' Stefani succeeded Tangorra in the post.

### Views

Tangorra developed a theory of public finance in which he emphasized the significance of the political elements. He further argued that legal principles should be part of fiscal studies.

## Death

Tangorra died in Rome on 21 December 1922 while serving as the minister of treasury.
# Villar de Ciervo

Villar de Ciervo is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 289 inhabitants.
# Vincetoxicum cameroonicum

Vincetoxicum cameroonicum is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native from Benin to Uganda in tropical Africa. It was first described by N. E. Brown in 1895 as Tylophora cameroonica.

## Distribution

Vincetoxicum cameroonicum is native to mainly western tropical Africa: Benin, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Uganda.

## Conservation

Tylophora cameroonica was assessed as "near threatened" in the 2000 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. As of February 2023, T. cameroonica was regarded as a synonym of Vincetoxicum cameroonicum, which has a wider distribution.
# Virgil Stevens

Virgil Stevens is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in the USISL.
Stevens attended Oral Roberts University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, he joined the Tulsa Roughnecks of the USISL, playing five indoor and seven indoor seasons. He was the 1993-1994 USISL indoor. Although newspapers show that on August 14, 1995, the Pittsburgh Stingers of the Continental Indoor Soccer League sent Stevens to the Houston Hotshots for future considerations, he never appeared in a game for either team.
# Vingerhoedtia

Vingerhoedtia is a genus of moths of the family Bombycidae first described by Thierry Bouyer in 2008.

## Selected species

* Vingerhoedtia grisea (Gaede, 1927)
* Vingerhoedtia ruficollis (Strand, 1910)
# Vingerhoedtia grisea

Vingerhoedtia grisea is a moth in the family Bombycidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1927. It is found in Cameroon.
# Vinícius (footballer, born 1973)

Vinícius de Abreu (born 20 December 1973), simply known as Vinícius, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Originally from Rio de Janeiro, Vinícius played for several clubs throughout Brazil. Played for Palmeiras in 1996, in 1998 he formed an attacking partnership with Romário at Flamengo. In 1999 he was part of the champion squad with Fluminense in Série C. He arrived at Fortaleza in 2000, where he was two-time state champion, and top scorer in Série B in 2002. He played for clubs in Portugal and for Al Jazira SC. He returned to Ceará football in 2004, this time to Ceará, becoming champion again.
Since 2019, he has worked in the youth categories of Ferroviário AC.

## Honours
### Fluminense

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1999

### Fortaleza

* Campeonato Cearense: 2000, 2001

### Ceará

* Campeonato Cearense: 2006

### ABC

* Campeonato Potiguar: 2008
# Violet Englefield

Violet Englefield (1881 – 22 March 1946) (born as Maud Violet Englefield) was a British actress and singer known for her musical theatre performances in London's West End and on Broadway in the first two decades of the 20th century.

## Career

Born in Hounslow, she was the daughter of Joel Englefield (1846-1912), an army bandmaster, and Ellen Cashel Cross (née Bevan); all of their children were trained musicians. In 1904, she had an illegitimate son, Juan Englefield, with the actor Harry Chart. It is not known what became of the child.
Englefield's British acting credits included Dick Whittington (1899) at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, during which she played a violin solo which was "a conspicuous feature of the performance", playing the Prince in the pantomime Cinderella at the King's Theatre, Edinburgh (1906), Millie Mostyn in The Girl Behind the Counter at Wyndham's Theatre (1906–07), the lead role of Bess Moore in The Bad Girl of the Family at the Elephant and Castle Theatre (1909) followed by a Christmas season of the same play at the Aldwych Theatre.
On Broadway her appearances included Gussie Pope in Fancy Free (1918), The Passing Show of 1918 at the Winter Garden Theatre (1918), part of the Rigoletto Quartette in The Passing Show of 1921 at the Winter Garden Theatre (1920–21), and Mrs. Horridge in the revue Sky High at the Winter Garden Theatre and later the Casino Theatre (1925). After this production Englefield retired from the stage.

## Family life

In 1913, she married Jerrard Grant Allen (1878-1964), a theatrical agent/manager and the son of Grant Allen, the science writer and novelist. They had a son, Reginald "Reggie" Grant Allen (1910-1985). Deep in debt, in 1916, the couple left Liverpool for New York, intending to settle there permanently, but their young son did not leave Britain to join them until early 1917. By 1920, the Allen family were living at 119 E. 82nd St, New York. In 1930, the family was living in Norwalk, Connecticut, and Jerrard Allen and Violet Englefield were registered US citizens by this date. In about 1939 the couple retired to Lake Worth in Florida.
Violet Englefield died in March 1946 at West Palm Beach in Florida.
# Virginia League (1900)

The Virginia League was a Class D level minor baseball league based in Virginia that played in the 1900 season. It was the second formation of the "Virginia League," succeeding the first edition of the Virginia League (1894–96) and preceding the Virginia League (1906–1928).
The 1900 Virginia League was composed entirely of teams from Virginia. The six–team league consisted of the Norfolk Mary Janes, Portsmouth Pirates, Newport News Shipbuilders and Richmond Colts, as well as teams in Hopewell and Petersburg.
In June, both the Petersburg and Richmond teams disbanded during the season. Following the 1900 season, the league became the Virginia-North Carolina League.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Christy Mathewson pitched for the Norfolk Phenoms in 1900, leading Virginia League in both wins and strikeouts.

## 1900 cities represented

* Hampton, VA: Hampton Crabs
* Newport News, VA: Newport News Shipbuilders
* Norfolk, VA: Norfolk Phenoms
* Petersburg, VA: Petersburg Farmers
* Portsmouth, VA: Portsmouth Boers
* Richmond, VA: Richmond Bluebirds

## Standings & statistics

1900 Virginia League
| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
| Norfolk Phenoms | 43 | 14 | .754 | - | Phenomenal Smith |
| Hampton Crabs | 29 | 29 | .500 | 14.0 | Edward Ashenbach |
| Portsmouth Boers | 29 | 30 | .492 | 14.5 | Pete Weckbecker / Win Clark |
| Newport News Shipbuilders | 23 | 39 | .371 | 22.0 | Hunter Harvey / Michael Trost / Kid Weaver |
| Richmond Bluebirds | 21 | 15 | .583 | NA | Charles Boyer / Harry Berte |
| Petersburg Farmers | 8 | 26 | .235 | NA | Fred Foster / George Kelly |
Petersburg disbanded June 11; Richmond disbanded June 13.
Player statistics :
| Player | Team | Stat | Tot | Player | Team | Stat | Tot |
| Jim Murray | Portsmouth | BA | .337 | Christy Mathewson | Norfolk | W | 18 |
| Jim Murray | Portsmouth | Runs | 66 | Christy Mathewson | Norfolk | SO | 121 |
| Jim Murray | Portsmouth | Hits | 126 | Christy Mathewson | Norfolk | PCT | .900 18-2 |
| Jim Murray | Portsmouth | RBI | 98 |
| Jim Murray | Portsmouth | HR | 11 |
# Violet Winspear

Violet Winspear (28 April 1928 – January 1989) was a British writer of 70 romance novels in Mills & Boon from 1961 to 1987.
In 1973, she became a launch author for the new Mills & Boon-Harlequin Presents line of category romance novels. Presents line books were more sexually explicit than the previous line, Romance, under which Winspear had been published. She was chosen to be a launch author because she, along with Anne Mather and Anne Hampson were the most popular and prolific British authors of Mills and Boon.
In 1970, Winspear commented that she wrote her leading males as if they were 'capable of rape'. This comment caused uproar and led to her receiving hate mail.

## Biography

Violet Winspear was born on 28 April 1928 in London, England. She worked in a factory since 1942, when in 1961 she sold her first romance novels to Mills & Boon. In 1963, she became a full-time writer. She wrote from her home in the South East England, an area which she never left, but she researched her far-flung settings at the local library. She said: "The real aim of romance is to provide escape and entertainment", but when in 1970 she commented: "I get my heroes so that they're lean and hard muscled and mocking and sardonic and tough and tigerish and single, of course. Oh and they've got to be rich and then I make it that they're only cynical and smooth on the surface. But underneath they're well, you know, sort of lost and lonely. In need of love but, when roused, capable of breathtaking passion and potency. Most of my heroes, well all of them really, are like that. They frighten but fascinate. They must be the sort of men who are capable of rape: men it's dangerous to be alone in the room with". The comment that they were "capable of rape" caused uproar and lead to her receiving hate mail. She never married, and had no children, but she inspired her nephew Jonathan to write.

## Death

Violet Winspear died at January 1989 after a long battle with cancer.

## Book notes

Winspear's novels take the readers around the world. Even though many of her storylines are uninspiring, she excels at boldly using the written words to vividly bring to life the surroundings of her plots. For example, The Palace of the Peacocks (1969). Many established Harlequin novelists such as Robyn Donald and Kay Thorpe, employ sexual antagonism in developing conflict in their stories. These devices are popular with modern readers. For instance, Robyn Donald creates leaping sexual awareness between men and women. Since men are quick to acknowledge this vital force, Robyn casts them into the role of hunter and as women label it as a weakness to despise and overcome, she makes them the prey. This is the adversarial set up that drives her plots forward. Employing the same motif of sexual antagonism, critics say that Winspear, contrasts her hero and heroine in such extremes that the heroine lacks awareness of her own sexuality against the hero who is fully aware of his. This lends her stories an acute imbalance in character development where the heroine is left bemused with an alpha male hero who exerts overwhelming control over every situation.
# Virginia State Teachers College

Virginia State Teachers College may refer to:
* James Madison University, formerly Virginia State Teachers College (Harrisonburg)
* Longwood University, formerly Virginia State Teachers College (Farmville)
* Radford University, formerly Virginia State Teachers College (Radford)
* University of Mary Washington, formerly Virginia State Teachers College (Fredericksburg)
# Virola parvifolia

Virola parvifolia is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is endemic to Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela.
It is a tree between 4–14 m tall with simple elliptical leaves 5–11 cm long by 3–5 cm wide. The density of its wood is 0.42 g/cm$^3$.
# Virola elongata

Virola elongata (syn. Virola theiodora ) is a species of tree in the family Myristicaceae. The tree is native to Panama, Guyana, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima), Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It is also found in Suriname. Virola elongata is thin and 7.5–23 m (25–75 ft) tall, sometimes 30 m (98 ft) tall.
The trunk is about 43 cm (17 in) in diameter, cylindrical and has smooth brown and gray bark. The fruit is ellipsoidal to subglobular, 11–20 mm (0.43–0.79 in) long, 10–15 m (33–49 ft) in diameter and comes in groups of 40. The tree is found in evergreen forests and in scrub up to 800 m (2,600 ft) in altitude.
The Yanomami people use the powdered resin as an entheogen known as nyakwána which is inhaled or "snuffed" into the nasal cavity, it contains a high concentration of 5-MeO-DMT and DMT.
Virola elongata extracts have weak antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.
# Vittoria Buttress

Vittoria Buttress (69°23′S 71°47′W﻿ / ﻿69.383°S 71.783°W﻿ / -69.383; -71.783) is a conspicuous rock cliff, rising to about 750 m, overlooking the southeast side of Lazarev Bay and forming the northwest extremity of the Lassus Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was first mapped from air photographs taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Tomas Luis de Victoria (1535–1611), Spanish composer.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Vittoria Buttress". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Alexander Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Vitolo

Vitolo may refer to:
* Vitolo (footballer, born 1983) (Víctor José Añino Bermúdez), Spanish footballer
* Vitolo (footballer, born 1989) (Víctor Machín Pérez), Spanish footballer
* Dennis Vitolo (born 1956), American racing driver
* Tommy Vitolo (born 1978), American politician
* Vitolo Kulihaapai, King of Uvea from 1918 to 1924
# Vishwanath Shastri

Vishwanath Shastri was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha (1991–1996), the lower house of the Parliament of India, as a member of the Communist Party of India.
# Vortura

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Vortura is the fourth album by New Zealand band Bailter Space. It was released in 1994. The songs were recorded at five studios, with all of the songs engineered by Bailter Space. The final tracks were produced by Bailter Space and Paul Berry.
Vortura is the band's heaviest album, lyrically and musically, and marked the first time they recorded an album outside of their native New Zealand. The song title "NO2" apparently is a reference to nitrogen dioxide, an air pollutant, though the song title is alternatively spelled as "No 2." "Projects" chastizes "you in your ivory tower" for living well, while "people in projects, people living simply" lead ignored lives; this song coincided with the band's move to New York City from New Zealand. "X" and "Projects" appeared on the B.E.I.P. EP, which came out several months in advance of Vortura. A live version of "Projects" also came out on the Retro EP in 1995.

## Track listing

All songs written by Bailter Space.
* "Projects" – 5:06
* "Process Paid" – 3:44
* "X" – 4:47
* "Voices" – 5:21
* "NO2" – 3:26
* "I.C.Y." – 2:30
* "Dark Blue" – 3:14
* "Shadow" – 4:03
* "Galaxy" – 4:44
* "Reactor" – 3:15
* "Control" – 5:26

## Personnel

* Alister Parker – guitar, vocals
* John Halvorsen – guitar, bass, vocals
* Brent McLachlan – drums, sampler
# Vrelo (Ub)

Vrelo (Serbian Cyrillic: Врело) is a village located in the municipality of Ub, western Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,503 inhabitants.

## Trivia

One of the natives of Vrelo is football player Nemanja Matić, who is helping his native village in various ways.

## Gallery

* Village's local community building
* Cooperative's building and Church in the background
# Vlado Strugar

Vlado Strugar (Serbian Cyrillic: Владо Стругар; 28 December 1922 – 24 August 2019) was a Serbian historian and member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts and Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Strugar specialized in the history of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
# Volgograd Oblast Police

The Directorate of the Ministry for Internal Affairs in Volgograd Oblast (ГУ МВД России по Волгоградской области) or the Police of Volgograd Oblast (Полиция Волгоградской области) is the main law enforcement agency in the Government of Volgograd Oblast in Russia. It is subordinate to the regional MVD and the Governor of Volgograd Oblast.
The current chief of police in Volgograd Oblast is Aleksander Kravchenko (since 2011).
# Vyskov

Vyskov may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Vyškov, a town in the South Moravian Region
* Výškov, a municipality and village in the Ústí nad Labem Region
# Vulfetrude

Saint Vulfetrude, also known as Wilfretrudis and Wulfetrude (died 669), was an Abbess of Nivelles from 659 to 669 AD. She was a daughter of Grimoald I, therefore, a grand daughter of Pepin the Elder, mayor of the palace of Austrasia and Itte Idoberge of the Carolingian dynasty.
She entered the monastery of Nivelles, and she succeeded her aunt Saint Gertrude of Nivelles as abbess in 659 AD. The fall of her father Grimoald I and her brother Childebert the Adopted left her exposed to the hostility of opponents of the family.
She is commemorated on November 23.
# Václav Prousek

Václav Prousek was an Austrian footballer. He played in two matches for the Austria national football team in 1917.
# Voluntary action

Voluntary action is an anticipated goal-oriented movement. The concept of voluntary action arises in many areas of study, including cognitive psychology, operant conditioning, philosophy, neurology, criminology, and others. Additionally, voluntary action has various meanings depending on the context in which it is used. For example, operant psychology uses the term to refer to the actions that are modifiable by their consequences. A more cognitive account may refer to voluntary action as involving the identification of a desired outcome together with the action necessary to achieve that outcome. Voluntary action is often associated with consciousness and will. For example, Psychologist Charles Nuckolls holds that we control our voluntary behavior, and that it is not known how we come to plan what actions will be executed. Many psychologists, notably Tolman, apply the concept of voluntary action to both animal and human behavior, raising the issue of animal consciousness and its role in voluntary action.

## History: William James on voluntary action

The concept of voluntary action was discussed by William James in his influential book The Principles of Psychology (1890). James states that for an act to be classified as a voluntary, it must be foreseen, as opposed to involuntary action which occurs without foresight. James suggests, for example, that the idea of a particular movement is a voluntary action; however, the movement itself, once the idea has been formed, is involuntary, provided the action itself require no further thought. Voluntary action arises because humans and animals wish to fulfill desires. In order to fulfill these desires, humans and animals form goals and voluntary actions are undertaken to achieve these goals. Some of the terms that James used to describe voluntary action – such as desire – are now outdated, and his introspective approach is out of favor, but many of his ideas are still find a place in current thinking.
# Vongchanh Phomsavath

Vongchanh Phomsavath is a Laotian politician. He is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. He is a representative of the National Assembly of Laos for Luang Prabang Province (Constituency 6).
# Voto de Santiago

The Voto de Santiago was an offering rendered by the Christian kingdoms of Asturias, Galicia, León and Castille to Saint James and his cathedral at Santiago de Compostella in thanks for the saint's miraculous intervention, which they believed had enabled them to win the legendary battle of Clavijo against the Moors. The battle had resulted from his refusal to pay the Tribute of 100 Damsels to the Emirate of Córdoba.
This was vowed to James before the battle by Ramiro I of Asturias in Calahorra, offering Saint James part of the booty taken from the Moors along with the first fruits and crops from each year's harvest as an ex voto. It was then paid for via a special tax. It was renewed and formalised by a national festival in 1643 for his feast day (25 July) by Philip IV of Spain. It was abolished in 1808 by the Bayonne Statute.
# Václav Lanča

Václav Lanča (born 14 August 1966 in Ostrava) is a Czech former handball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# W. A. Shishak

Wungazan Awungshi Shishak (1 January 1941 – 3 August 2023) was an Indian judge who became the chief justice of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh High Court.

## Life and career

Shishak was born in 1941 at Shangshak village in Ukhrul district of the state of Manipur. He completed his graduation from Gauhati University in 1963. He passed LL.B. from Delhi University in 1965 and started practice in Gauhati High Court in 1967 and shifted to Nagaland in 1970. He served as a senior government advocate for the Government of Nagaland for 7 years. He was the president of the Nagaland Bar Association. Shishak became judge of Kohima Bench of the Gauhati High Court. On 4 December 2000 he was elevated to the post of chief justice in Chhattisgarh High Court. He became the chief justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court on 24 January 2002. Shishak retired on 1 January 2003.
Shishak died on 3 August 2023, at the age of 82.
# Vytautė Žilinskaitė

Vytautė Genovaitė Žilinskaitė (13 December 1930 – 4 April 2024) was a Lithuanian prose writer, humorist and children's literature writer. She was born in Kaunas. She died on 4 April 2024, at the age of 93.

## Awards

* 1965: Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas Prize by the Lithuanian Union of Journalists for "Mano neapykanta stipresnė" ["My hatred is stronger: a documentary about the activities of the Raseiniai underground communist youth organization"]
* 1972: Lithuanian SSR State Prize for the best humorous work
* 1979: Lithuanian SSR State Prize for the best children's book Robotas ir peteliškė [The Robot and the Butterfly]
* 1996/1997: Best Children's and Adolescent Book of 1996 and IBBY Lithuania Chapter Award (1997) for Tiputapė
* 2000/2001: Best Children's and Adolescent Book of 2001 and IBBY Lithuania Chapter Award (2001) for Nebijokė
* 2005: Knight's Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
* 2007: IBBY Lithuania Chapter Award (for Kintas)
* 2007: Children's Literature Prize (for Kintas)
# WDDV

WDDV may refer to:
* WDDV (AM), a defunct radio station (590 AM) formerly licensed to serve Panama City, Florida, United States
* WDIZ (AM), a radio station (1320 AM) licensed to serve Venice, Florida, which held the call sign WDDV from 2005 to 2020
* WCTQ, a radio station (92.1 FM) licensed to serve Venice, Florida, which held the call sign WDDV from 1999 to 2005
# WDLA

WDLA can refer to:
* WDLA (AM), a radio station at 1270 AM licensed to Walton, New York
* WDLA-FM, a radio station at 92.1 FM licensed to Walton, New York
* W.D. La., abbreviation used in case citations for the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana