OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ralph C. Guzmán

Ralph C. Guzmán (1924-October 10, 1985, born Rafael Cortez Guzmán) served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State of Latin America in the Carter Administration and was one of the nation's leading Latino educators. He co-founded the Oakes College at the University of California at Santa Cruz and later was appointed Provost at UCSC's Merrill College. Guzmán played an influential role in the early years of the Chicano Movement, and was a key figure in the Mexican-American community nationwide. During his time in the State Department, he was responsible for formulating and implementing much of the nation's policy in Central and South America.

## Early life and education

Born in Moroleon, Guanajuato in 1924, Rafael Cortez Guzmán immigrated to the U.S. as a child during the Depression, and worked for several years with his family in the fields of the Southwest before settling in East Los Angeles. He served in the Merchant Marines and Navy during World War II, participating in the final assault on Okinawa, and returned to complete an A.A. at East Los Angeles Junior College under the G.I. Bill in 1949.
After the war, he enrolled at California State University, Los Angeles, where he earned bachelor's (1958) and master's (1960) degrees in political science. In 1955 he was named director of the Alianza Hispano-Americana's (a Mexican American fraternal insurance society) newly founded civil rights department, where he cultivated his skill in developing community support organizations. Along with Fred Ross Sr. and Congressman Edward R. Roybal, Guzmán assisted in the founding of the Community Service Organization in the Los Angeles area.
Following three years spent serving as Associate Director of the Peace Corps contingents in Venezuela and Peru, Guzmán returned to Los Angeles and became one of the few Chicano graduate students (and first to receive a Ph.D. in political science) at UCLA. There, while completing his studies, he was appointed a director of the Mexican-American Study Project, and helped develop The Mexican Americans: Our Second Minority (NY, 1970).

## Research and legacy

Dr. Guzmán's research, put forth in The Mexican Americans: Our Second Minority, was essential to the Chicano Anti-Vietnam Movement. His researched showed that disproportionate numbers of Latino Americans were dying in the war.
Guzman drew his conclusions from US military records and the surnames of the casualties, identifying Spanish surnames as Latinos. Recently, Pomona College historian Tomas Summers Sandoval revisited Guzman's work using more thoroughly tested surnames lists and confirmed Guzmán's conclusions.
In the 2015 PBS documentary On Two Fronts: Latinos & Vietnam, which examines the Latino experience during the Vietnam War, Sandoval says in an interview, "The Chicano Anti Vietnam War Movement does not exist without the research of Ralph Guzman. He is the verifiable proof of their common sense understanding that this war was disproportionately affecting our community."
# Ralph Nader presidential campaign

Ralph Nader presidential campaign could refer to:
* Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 1992
* Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 1996
* Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2000
* Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2004
* Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2008
# Eucrypta

Eucrypta is a genus of flowering plants containing only two species. The genus name Eucrypta means "well-hidden", which refers to the seeds being "hidden" in the small green bristled fruits. The two species are known generally as hideseeds. They are both native to the southwestern United States. These are small, weedy-looking annual plants with sticky, aromatic green foliage. The leaves are strongly lobed and look somewhat like fern fronds. Some plants have very few leaves and are mostly stems bearing flowers and fruits. The small flowers are bell-shaped and may be white or a light shade of pink or purple. These are among the first plants to spring up after an area has been cleared by fire.
Species:
* Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia - spotted hideseed, common eucrypta
* Eucrypta micrantha - dainty desert hideseed, small-flowered eucrypta
# Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia

Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia is a species of flowering plant in the waterleaf family known by the common name spotted hideseed.
It is native to the southwestern United States, California, and adjacent Baja California. It can be found in a number of habitats from coast to mountain to desert.

## Description

This is one of two species of Eucrypta, which are sticky, aromatic annual herbs. This species produces an erect to leaning stem well over 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) in maximum height.
The leaves are roughly oval in shape but are intricately divided into many lobes which are subdivided into many smaller lobes, making the leaf lacy in texture. Leaves higher up on the stem have fewer dissections.
The inflorescence holds a number of small flowers which droop as they grow heavier with the developing fruit. Each flower is less than a centimeter long and generally whitish in color. The fruit is a bristly capsule about 3 millimeters wide.
# Ramsahai Pandey

Ramsahai Pandey (14 September 1920 – 21 September 1987) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Rajnandgaon, Madhya Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Pandey died in Bombay on 21 September 1987, at the age of 67.
# Ram Sagar Rawat

Ram Sagar Rawat (born 13 July 1951) is an Indian politician from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh.
He was elected to 6th, 9th, 10th,11th and 13th Lok Sabha from Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)
# Rancourt-sur-Ornain

Rancourt-sur-Ornain (French pronunciation:, literally Rancourt on Ornain) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Rancocas Woods, New Jersey

Rancocas Woods is an unincorporated community located within Mount Laurel Township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
The community was developed on the site of an amusement park. Houses in Rancocas Woods were first built in the 1930s. There were problems with the community when first developed. No sewers were installed, because of limited drainage, which caused floods to occur during heavy rainstorms. The water pressure from fire hydrants was unsubstantial—the volunteer fire department had to pump its water from the nearby Rancocas Creek.
On July 11, 2018 the Mount Laurel Zoning Board voted to allow a section of commercial property to be zoned residential to allow the building of an apartment rental complex. This developer proposal will bring sewer and fire hydrants to this area, but will change the makeup of the shops at so-called Main Street Mount Laurel. The proposal was met with public backlash.

## Location

Rancocas Woods is located on the Rancocas Creek, a major river that empties into the Delaware River. Exit 43 on Interstate 295 can be used to access Rancocas Woods. There is no direct exit on the New Jersey Turnpike, however, the nearest exits to Rancocas Woods are exit 4 (Route 73 – Mount Laurel) and exit 5 (County Route 541 – Burlington, Mount Holly).

## Transportation

New Jersey Transit provides bus service to and from Philadelphia on the 413 route.
# Thomas Carleton (MP for City of London)

Thomas Carleton (fl.1380s), was an Alderman of the City of London and an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for the City of London from 1382.
He was an alderman for Cripplegate ward in 1382–3. He was again elected as an alderman, this time for Coleman Street Ward, in March 1388, but did not live to complete his term of office.
He is described as a broderer, which probably means he was a member of the Worshipful Company of Broderers (or its predecessor).
# Succession crisis

A succession crisis is a crisis that arises when an order of succession fails, for example when a monarch dies without an indisputable heir. It may result in a war of succession.
Examples include (see List of wars of succession):
* The Wars of The Roses
* Multiple periods during the history of the Roman Empire:
** Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD)
** Year of the Five Emperors (193 AD)
** Year of the Six Emperors (238 AD)
* Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
* 1383–1385 Crisis, the 1383–1385 succession crisis over the throne of Portugal
* Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, the 1580 succession crisis over the throne of Portugal
* 1558–1559, English succession crisis after the death of Mary I of England
* 1598 Times of Troubles in Russia
* The succession of Henry IV of France, which provoked persistent Catholic resistance with Spanish support and led to war with Spain in 1595
* War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) over who would succeed Charles II of Spain
* Monaco succession crisis of 1918, the 1918 succession crisis over the throne of Monaco
* Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints), the 1844 leadership crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement after the death of Joseph Smith
* The 1841 succession crisis in the United States following the death of William Henry Harrison, concerning whether his successor became President of the United States or merely assumed the powers of the office.
* A Game of Thrones & Fire and Blood, novels that centre the plot around the repercussions of kings dying and leaving disputable heirs. Both novels have been adapted to live-action series.
# Josh Kennedy

Josh Kennedy may refer to:
* Joshua Kennedy (born 1982), Australian soccer player
* Josh Kennedy (footballer, born 1987), Australian rules footballer with the West Coast Eagles and previously Carlton Football Club
* Josh Kennedy (footballer, born 1988), Australian rules footballer with the Sydney Swans and previously Hawthorn
# Seasons of a Life (film)

Seasons of a Life, is a 2010 Malawian Legal drama film directed by Shemu Joyah and produced by FirstDawn Arts. The film stars Bennie Msuku in lead role along with Neria Chikhosi, Flora Suya and Tapiwa Gwaza made supportive roles.
This court legal drama focused about a domestic worker sexually molested by her employer who struggles to empower herself and improve her life. The film had its premier at Göteborg International Film Festival in Sweden on 31 January 2010. The film has also been nominated for awards in the Kenya, Cairo, and Zanzibar Film festivals. It was nominated in 8 categories at the 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards, including nominations for Best Screenplay and Best Original Soundtrack. Actress, Tapiwa Gwaza won a Nollywood award for best Performance by a supporting actress.

## Cast

* Bennie Msuku as Kondani
* Neria Chikhosi as Thoko
* Flora Suya as Sungisa
* Tapiwa Gwaza as Tabitha
# Luca Kleve-Ruud

Luca Kleve-Ruud (born 27 April 1978 in Pescara, Italy) is a Norwegian press photographer, based in Oslo.
Kleve-Ruud studied photojournalism at Høgskolen i Oslo. He is currently working for Dagens Næringsliv, Save the Children, and Samfoto/Scanpix, but has done several assignments for Red Cross, Amnesty and others. And was both freelance and staff photographer at Dagsavisen from 2006 to 2011. His pictures are featured in many magazines, newspapers and books.

## Awards

2012
* 2. Prize Video Documentary
2011
* Main Prize – Picture of the year, 2011
* 1. Prize News story – Picture of the year, 2011
* 1. Prize News – Picture of the year, 2011
2010
* 1. Prize News – Picture of the year, 2010
2009
* 1. Prize Portrait – Picture of the year, 2009
* 2. Prize Domestic documentary – Picture of the year, 2009

## Book contributions

* Teddy Petersen, ed. Sort of Safe: Photo Essays on Nordic Welfare. Århus: Ajour, 2009. ISBN 87-92241-32-8. (in Danish and English)
# Faye (surname)

Faye is a typical Serer surname.
People with the surname Faye include:
* Abdala Faye (born 1971), Senegalese mixed media artist
* Abdoulaye Faye (born 1978), Senegalese footballer
* Alice Faye, stage name of American actress and singer Alice Jeanne Leppert (1915–1998)
* Amdy Faye (born 1977), Senegalese footballer
* Andreas Faye (1802–1869), Norwegian priest, folklorist, and historian
* Bassirou Diomaye Faye (born 1980), Senegal's 5th President
* Fary Faye (born 1974), Senegalese retired footballer
* Fatou Lamin Faye (born 1954), Gambian politician
* Frances Faye (1912–1991), American singer and pianist
* Gaël Faye (born 1982), Rwandan-French singer and writer
* Gaynor Faye (born 1971), English actress and writer
* Guillaume Faye (1949–2019), French journalist and writer
* Hervé Faye (1814–1902) French astronomer
* H. P. Faye (1859–1928), Norwegian-born businessman in the Kingdom of Hawaii
* Ibrahima Faye (born 1979), Senegalese footballer
* Jean-Pierre Faye (born 1925), French philosopher and writer of fiction and prose poetry
* Jørgen Breder Faye (1823–1908), Norwegian banker and politician
* Julia Faye (1892–1966), American actress
* Lassana Faye (born 1998), Dutch footballer
* Mouhammad Faye (born 1985), Senegalese basketball player
* Pape Omar Faye (born 1987), Senegalese footballer
* Randall Faye (1892–1948), American screenwriter, film producer and director
* Safi Faye (1943–2023), Senegalese film director
* Sheikh Omar Faye (born 1960), Gambian diplomat, former government minister and former athlete
# List of years in Guinea-Bissau

This is a timeline of History of Guinea-Bissau. Each article deals with events in Guinea-Bissau in a given year.

## Twentieth century
### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

## Twenty-first century
### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
# St Leonards, Dunedin

St Leonards is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located close to the northern shore of the Otago Harbour and on the hilly slopes above the harbour. St Leonards is 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) northeast of Dunedin's city centre, between the small settlement of Burkes and Sawyers Bay. St Leonards was named by early settler David Carey for the birthplace of his wife, the English town of St Leonards-on-Sea, on the Sussex coast.
Rail and road links between central Dunedin and Port Chalmers run alongside St Leonards on the narrow strip of land between the hill slopes and harbour. The suburb is separate from the contiguous urban area of Dunedin.
The suburb is residential, and contains a significant number of smaller homes. The area is a popular residence for students from the University of Otago, and is also popular with alternative lifestylers. The suburb consists mainly of two roughly parallel roads, the Dunedin-Port Chalmers highway (State Highway 88), which runs close to the harbour, and St Leonards Drive, the former main route to Port Chalmers, which winds around the lower slopes of the hills on which St Leonards sits. The Port Chalmers Branch railway line runs parallel with the highway next to the harbour's edge. In 2012, the Dunedin Harbour Cycleway was extended to reach St Leonards.
The suburbs of St Leonards, Maia, Burkes, and Ravensbourne, are often collectively referred to as West Harbour. Under this name, the area was a separate borough for many years from 1877 until amalgamation with the city of Dunedin in 1963.

## Demographics

St Leonards and Burkes, which cover 3.03 km$^2$ (1.17 sq mi), are part of the Ravensbourne-St Leonards statistical area.
They had a population of 669 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 3 people (−0.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 33 people (5.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 261 households, comprising 315 males and 354 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.89 males per female, with 102 people (15.2%) aged under 15 years, 96 (14.3%) aged 15 to 29, 363 (54.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 117 (17.5%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 93.7% European/Pākehā, 6.7% Māori, 1.3% Pasifika, 3.1% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.5% had no religion, 28.7% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.9% were Hindu, 0.4% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 3.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 225 (39.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 57 (10.1%) people had no formal qualifications. 138 people (24.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 300 (52.9%) people were employed full-time, 102 (18.0%) were part-time, and 12 (2.1%) were unemployed.

## Education

St Leonards School is a state contributing primary school serving years 1 to 6 with a roll of 20 students as of August 2024. The school was founded in 1868 as Upper Harbour West School, and was expanded and renamed in 1874.
# Eugène Vauthier

Eugène Vauthier (29 September 1843 – 11 November 1910) was a French baritone whose career was in comic operas by Offenbach, Lecocq, Hervé and other composers of the genre. From 1869 until his retirement in 1905, he was a member of successive Parisian theatre companies, and also made occasional appearances in London.

## Life and career

Vauthier was born in Auxerre in 1843. From childhood he was passionate about the theatre, and after learning his craft in the French provinces he made his Paris début in 1869 in an opéra-bouffe, Le Canard à trois becs – the duck with three beaks – at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques. His acting and singing were received with enthusiasm.
After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, Vauthier joined the companies of the Athénée-Lyrique and later the Théâtre de la Renaissance. At the Athénée he made an impression in Monsieur Polichinelle by Alfred Deléhelle and La Guzla de l'émir, by Théodore Dubois. After a year away from France, performing in Cairo, he established himself as a star at the Renaissance with his portrayal of Mourzouk in Charles Lecocq's Giroflé-Girofla in 1874. From then on, in the words of Le Figaro, "for more than twenty years, in full possession of the favour of the public, he created or re-created roles in the principal operettas, each new interpretation adding to his reputation". In the view of Le Ménestrel, "as an actor he had drive, verve, and a big and very outgoing gaiety". His most successful appearances, singled out by Le Figaro, included:
* La petite mariée (1876)
* Le petit duc (1878)
* La Camargo (1878)
* Madame Favart (1878)
* La fille du tambour-major (1879)
* Le cœur et la main (1882)
* Le droit d'aînesse 1883)
* Orphée aux enfers (1887 revival)
* La fille de Madame Angot (1888 revival)
* Le jour et la nuit (1897 revival).
In the 1870s and later Vauthier was seen by audiences in London as well as in Paris. In 1872, he played the Marquis in Hervé's L'œil crevé in the West End; and in 1881 he was in Giroflé-Girofla. In 1890, he guest-starred with the Carl Rosa Opera Company for a five-week London season.
Vauthier played the role of the Mufti in Molière's Le Bourgeois gentilhomme at the Comédie-Française, in which, according to Le Figaro "he was exquisite". His last operatic creation was Squire Alcofribas in Claude Terrasse's opéra bouffe Sire de Vergy, at the Théâtre des Variétés in 1903. In 1905, Fernand Samuel, director of the Variétés, organised a benefit performance for Vauthier, who then retired from the stage and settled in Cassis in the Riviera.
Vauthier died in Cassis on 11 November 1910, aged 67.
# Succession Cliffs

Succession Cliffs (71°11′S 68°16′W﻿ / ﻿71.183°S 68.267°W﻿ / -71.183; -68.267) is a line of steep cliffs 1.5 nautical miles (2.8km) extending along the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, facing east towards George VI Sound immediately south of the mouth of Pluto Glacier. The cliffs were probably first sighted by Lincoln Ellsworth who photographed segments of the coast in this vicinity on November 23, 1935. First roughly surveyed from the ground in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition and resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. So named by the FIDS because a geologic succession, or depositional sequence, is revealed by the accessible rock exposures of the cliffs.
# Nidularium bicolor

Nidularium bicolor is a plant species in the genus Nidularium. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Seasons of Wither

"Seasons of Wither" is a power ballad by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by lead singer Steven Tyler and is five minutes and thirty-eight seconds in length. It was released in 1974 on the band's second studio album, Get Your Wings.

## Background

According to Tyler, the song was inspired by the Massachusetts landscape in wintertime. He stated that " used to lie in my bed at dawn, listening to the wind in the bare trees, how lonely and melancholy it sounded. I was pissed off about my taxes and getting mad helps me to write, so one night I went down to the basement where we had a rug on the floor and a couple of boxes for furniture and took a few Tuinals and a few Seconals and I scooped up this guitar Joey gave me, this Dumpster guitar, and I lit some incense and wrote ‘Seasons of Wither.'”
The song's lyrics also discuss a relationship. It is one of Tyler's favorite Aerosmith songs. The song features acoustic guitars, slow haunting vocals, and a strong rhythm. The Get Your Wings version starts off with a crowd of people cheering, which gradually fades into the howling wind and acoustic guitar (played by Tyler) that signal the beginning of the song. This is a segue from the previous track, "Train Kept A-Rollin'".

## Legacy

While not released as a single, the song has gained prominence over the years. It was featured on the career-spanning compilation's Pandora's Box in 1991, O, Yeah! Ultimate Aerosmith Hits in 2002 and on the live album Rockin' the Joint in 2005.
Additionally, the song has been resurrected as a live staple among Aerosmith shows in the 2000s, after not being played much on tours in the late 1980s and 1990s. However, the song was performed at the band's MTV Unplugged performance in 1990. On the Just Push Play Tour in 2001, Tyler and Joe Perry would start off the song at the top of a dual staircase. On the Route of All Evil Tour (2006) and World Tour (2007), Tyler and Joe Perry would start off the song sitting down on chairs at the end of the catwalk.
The song has been covered by Die Kreuzen on the album Gone Away, Tesla on the Real to Reel 2 album and by Vitamin String Quartet on their Aerosmith tribute album. Boston pianist Yoko Miwa has recorded an instrumental jazz version with her trio, and Seattle's defunct Mother Love Bone (Pearl Jam's precursor) also recorded their version, which is available on scattered bootlegs. It can be found on YouTube as well as the “Dogtown and Z-boys” motion picture soundtrack.