OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beckmann thermometer

A Beckmann thermometer is a device used to measure small differences of temperature, but not absolute temperature values. It was invented by Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853 – 1923), a German chemist, for his measurements of colligative properties in 1905. Today its use has largely been superseded by platinum PT100 resistance thermometers and thermocouples.
A Beckmann thermometer's length is usually 40 – 50 cm. The temperature scale typically covers about 5 °C and it is divided into hundredths of a degree. With a magnifier it is possible to estimate temperature changes to 0.001 °C. The peculiarity of Beckmann's thermometer design is a reservoir (R on diagram) at the upper end of the tube, by means of which the quantity of mercury in the bulb can be increased or diminished so that the instrument can be set to measure temperature differences at either high or low temperature values. In contrast, the range of a typical mercury-in-glass thermometer is fixed, being set by the calibration marks etched on the glass or the marks on the printed scale.

## Calibration

In setting the thermometer, a sufficient amount of mercury must be left in the bulb and stem to give readings between the required temperatures. First, the thermometer is inverted and gently tapped so that the mercury in the reservoir lodges in the bend (B) at the end of the stem. Next, the bulb is heated until the mercury in the stem joins the mercury in the reservoir. The thermometer is then placed in a bath one or two degrees above the upper limit of temperatures to be measured.
The upper end of the tube is gently tapped with the finger, and the mercury suspended in the upper part of the reservoir will be jarred down, thus separating it from the thread at the bend (B). The thermometer will then be set for readings between the required temperatures.
# Belgium men's national under-18 ice hockey team

The Belgium men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of Belgium. The team is controlled by the Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents Belgium at the IIHF World U18 Championships.
# Goolwa North, South Australia

Goolwa North is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 66 kilometres (41 miles) south of the state capital of Adelaide and 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) northeast of the centre of the municipal seat of Goolwa overlooking the following water bodies in the Murray River system - Currency Creek to the north and the channel known as Goolwa or the Lower Murray to the south-east.
The name was first used in respect to a private sub-division of land within the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Goolwa. Boundaries were created for the “long established name” in September 1993 and were “discontinued and re-established in August 2000.” The revised boundaries include the Goolwa Shack Site.
The majority land use within the locality is residential which consists of an urban area on the southern side which extends from the adjoining locality of Goolwa to the south west and land on the northern side zoned for development consisting of “large allotments, detached dwellings and rural activities”. The locality’s extent includes part of both Currency Creek and the Lower Murray because its boundary is located at the midpoint of the channel for these watercourses. These parts of the locality are zoned for conservation because of their location within the Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland which is listed both as a Ramsar site and wetland of national importance.
Goolwa North is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Finniss and the local government area of the Alexandrina Council.
# Fail fast

Fail fast may refer to:
* Fail fast (business), a concept in business management
* Fail-fast system, a concept in systems design
# Jean-Louis Beaumont

Jean-Louis Beaumont (10 November 1925 – 31 August 2013) was a French politician.
He was born in Paris, France. He was a professor of medicine at the Henri-Mondor University Hospital [fr].
Beaumont defeated incumbent mayor of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés Gilbert Noël in 1977, and remained in office until 2008, choosing not to run for reelection that year. Beaumont served on the National Assembly from 1978 to 1981 as a non-inscrit representing Val-de-Marne. He served his second term as a deputy from 1993 to 1997 representing Val-de-Marne's 1st constituency while affiliated with the Union for French Democracy, losing reelection to Henri Plagnol, an adviser of his municipal government. Beaumont died at home in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, aged 87.
# Dmitry Davydov

Dmitry Davydov may refer to:
* Dmitri Davydov (footballer, born 1975), Russian football manager and former centre-back
* Dmitry Davydov (footballer, born 1978), Russian football goalkeeper
* Dmitry Davydov (filmmaker) (born 1983), Russian film director
# Rinan (disambiguation)

Rinan was the southernmost commandery of the Chinese Han dynasty.
Rinan may also refer to:
* Rinan railway station, a railway station on the Taiwan Railways Administration West Coast line
* Rinan Village (日南里), Dajia District, Taichung, Taiwan
# Francisco Asensi

Francisco Asensi (1936 – 20 November 2013) was a Spanish writer. He was born in Algemesi and studied history at the University of Valencia. He served as a priest for a decade, between 1963 and 1973, but then abandoned the cloth to pursue a variety of careers. He wrote five books, mostly with a religio-historical bent.
# Laufenburg

Laufenburg may refer to:

## Places

* Laufenburg, Germany
* Laufenburg, Aargau, a commune of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland
* Laufenburg District, a district of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland

## Family name

* Habsburg-Laufenburg
# Thomas Tregosse

Rev. Thomas Tregosse (alternate spellings: Tregrosse, Tregoss, Tregoose) (c. 17th century, St Ives, England - c. 1670-71, Penryn, England) of Cornwall was a Puritan minister and vicar of the Rebellion period who was silenced for being a Nonconformist.

## Early years

He was born in St Ives, the son of William Tregosse. He received his BA from Exeter College of Oxford University in 1655.

## Career

After taking Holy Orders, he preached for two years as an English Presbyterian minister at St. Ives. In October 1659, he was instituted as vicar in Mylor and Mabe, and ejected 24 August 1662 under the Act of Uniformity for being a nonconformist. According to Miss Susan Gay's Falmouth chronology, Tregosse formed an Independent Congregation in Falmouth in 1662. At the first congregation at the Congregational Sunday School, Falmouth was gathered by the Reverend Mr. Tregoss. After preaching to this family and neighbours, Falmouth was jailed for three months.
In 1663, he preached privately at Budock. For preaching at the Church of Saint Laud, Mabe, he was again jailed for three months at Launceston gaol (jail). After his release, he preached again at the same church, and was subsequently imprisoned again. Under the Conventicle Act 1664 non-Anglican services were only permitted in private homes, limited to members of the household and no more than five others. Tregosse's imprisonment for holding a Conventicle at Budock is noted in "The Episcopal Returns of 1665-6" section of the Congregational Historical Society's Transactions. After his fourth time in custody, he was set free September 1667 by special order of King Charles. He was jailed again in 1669 for preaching privately in a house at Great Torrington. In his later years, he preached on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays.

## Personal life

Tregosse married Margaret Sparnan of Gwynier in 1658, and had at least one child, a son, the Rev. James Tregoss.
Though Tregosse was committed to Launceston Gaol on multiple occasions, Wesley bestowed high praises upon Tregosse a century later.
Tregosse died in Penryn. Different sources place his date of death at different years in the 1670s: 18 January 1670, January 1672, 18 January 1673, or even 18 January 1679. However, Theophilus Gale's biography, The life and death of Thomas Tregosse late minister of the Gospel at Milar and Mabe in Cornwal [sic]: With his character, and some letters of his, not long before his death, published in 1671, makes the year of death likely to be 1671 or earlier.
# Thomas Williams (Congregational minister)

Thomas Williams (1724/1725–1770) was a British Congregational minister.

## Life as an Independent (Congregational) minister

From 1745 to 1749 Williams was a student at Plasterers' Hall, London, which was a dissenting academy that provided for the training of Congregational ministers in the Calvinist tradition. Williams was a student of Dr. Zephaniah Marryat. On 6 June 1750 Williams began his ministry at the Independent Chapel in the High Street of Gosport, Hampshire, which was a large chapel capable of seating twelve hundred persons.
Williams was a popular preacher. In 1752 he was proposed for membership of the Kings Head Society, which then administered the dissenting academy at Plasterers' Hall, London, which in 1768 moved to Homerton, where the academy became known as the Homerton Academy or Independent College, Homerton.
Williams died at Gosport on 19 June 1770. He was succeeded at Gosford by Rev. James Watson and when he resigned in 1776, David Bogue was appointed as the minister of the Independent Chapel of Gosport.

## Family

Williams married Rebecca Isgar on 6 August 1750, at Rowner near Gosport. Rebecca was born about 1713 and died on 8 April 1799. Thomas and Rebecca had three children: Rebecca (born on 1 May 1751), Thomas (born on 27 May 1753) and Lydia (born on 24 July 1757).
Rebecca married John Voke, a purser on HMS Acteon and Lydia married John Fenn. John Fenn was one of the directors of the Missionary Society of London, which was a non-denominational missionary society formed in England by evangelical Anglicans and Nonconformists, largely Congregationalist in outlook, which in 1795 became the London Missionary Society. In 1804 he participated in the foundation of the British and Foreign Bible Society.
Thomas Williams married Mary Marsh on 17 April 1783. Thomas was a supplier of uniforms to the Royal Navy in Gosport. In 1794 Thomas and Mary and their six children moved to Nottingham, then the thriving centre of the East Midlands industrial revolution. Thomas was listed in the Nottingham trade directories as a hosier. The industry was based on William Lee's stocking frame knitting machine. The business was successful. Thomas received recognition as a Burgess of Nottingham in 1796 and as a Sheriff of Nottingham in 1803. However the prosperity which had been such a feature of the hosiery industry in the second half of the 18th century ended. In 1804 when Thomas died of typhus at the age of 50, Mary was left with a heavily mortgaged business with five sons and three daughters to look after. Their daughter Lydia married Edward Garrard Marsh, a member of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), who was influential in two of her brothers, Henry and William, joining the CMS and becoming missionaries in New Zealand.
# January Jones (disambiguation)

January Jones may refer to:
* January Jones (born 1978), American actress
* January Jones (singer), mid 20th century American pop singer
* "January Jones", song by Johnny Carver on the 1974 album Please Don't Tell (That Sweet Ole Lady of Mine)
# Thomas Wake

Thomas Wake may refer to:
* Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell (1297–1349)
* Thomas Wake (MP) for Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency)
* Thomas Wake (pirate), a late 17th-century privateer and pirate
* A fictional character played by Willem Dafoe in the 2019 film The Lighthouse
# Thornton railway station (disambiguation)

Thornton railway station may refer to:
* Thornton railway station, Yorkshire, England (disused)
* Thornton railway station, New South Wales, Australia
* Thornton Abbey railway station, Lincolnshire, England
* Thornton–Cleveleys railway station, Lancashire, England (disused)
* Thornton-in-Craven railway station, Yorkshire, England (disused)
* Thornton Dale railway station, Yorkshire, England (disused)
* Glenrothes with Thornton railway station, Fife, Scotland
* Ingleton Thornton station, also known as Ingleton (L&NW) railway station, Yorkshire, England (disused)
* Stanlow and Thornton railway station, Cheshire, England
# Japigny

Japigny kirschbaum is a species of glass knifefish described in 2011 from the Approuague, Mana and Maroni rivers in French Guiana. It is the only member of its genus. It reaches up to 22 cm (8.7 in) in total length and is brownish-dusky with a pattern of dark-and-pale broad bands (a similar pattern exists in Sternopygus astrabes).

## Etymology

The knifefish is named in honor of Frank Kirschbaum, of the Humboldt University of Berlin. He was a specialist in gymnotiform fishes because he had spawned and bred several species in the laboratory.
# Japanese salvage ship Kamikaze Maru No. 5

Kamikaze Maru No. 5 (Japanese: 第五神風丸) was a wood-hulled schooner that served as an auxiliary auxiliary salvage and repair ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

## History

Kamikaze Maru No. 5 was laid down at the Sasebo shipyard of Matsuura Shipbuilding (松浦造船所) at the behest of Kojiro Linuma (飯沼耕次郎). She was wood-hulled. Kamikaze Maru No.5 was launched and named on 14 July 1939, completed 26 August 1939, and registered in Tokyo. On 26 February 1942, she was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy for service as a salvage ship and assigned to the Sasebo Naval District. On 25 April 1942, she departed Sasebo arriving on 3 May 1942 at Hong Kong where she assisted in salvaging the many vessels scuttled by the fleeing British forces during the Battle of Hong Kong. On 15 May 1942, she departed Hong Kong arriving on 21 May 1942 at Manila where she assisted in salvaging the many vessels scuttled by the fleeing American forces after the Battle of Corregidor. She remained in Manila until 20 February 1944 when she left for Negros Island for a brief salvage operation returning to Manila on 22 February 1944. Along with her fellow salvage ship Kamikaze Maru No. 7, she attempted to raise the submarine tender USS Canopus which had been scuttled in Mariveles Bay on the Bataan peninsula across from Corregidor but was unsuccessful.
She survived the war; her ultimate fate is unknown.
# Three crowns

Three Crowns refers to the three crowns of Sweden.
Three crowns may also refer to:
* College of the Three Crowns, a secondary school in Cologne, Germany
* Dunville's Three Crowns, a brand of Irish whiskey
* The Three Crowns, an Italian fairy tale written in 1634 by Giambattista Basile
* The Three Crowns, a pub in Askett, Buckinghamshire, England
* Three Crowns Books, an imprint of Oxford University Press for colonial writing
* Three Crowns Castle, in Stockholm, Sweden
* The Three Crowns Hotel in Devon, England
* Three Crowns of the Sailor (1983), French fabulist film
* Trzy Korony, the summit of the Three Crowns Massif in Poland
* Union of the Crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland
# Jason Harrington

Jason Edward Harrington is an American writer, blogger, and former Transportation Security Administration (TSA) employee who has been highly critical of the agency since he left it in 2013. As of December 2015, he was studying for a MFA at the University of Mississippi.

## Early years

Harrington was born in Roselle, Illinois, to a German-American mother and African-American father.$^{:2}$

## Career

Harrington began working for the TSA in 2007, as a screener at O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, to help pay his way through school.$^{:1}$ During this time he became a frequent online contributor of humor and creative nonfiction to the San Francisco-based publishing company McSweeney's, as well as the humor website Cracked.com. In early 2012, while still working for the TSA, he started the blog "Taking Sense Away" on WordPress, with the aim of "tell[ing] the public the truth about what was going on at the agency."$^{:3}$ Originally, he ran the blog anonymously, and attempted to preserve his anonymity by only using public computers, but later switched to masking his home IP address using Tor.$^{:4}$ In January 2013, the Los Angeles Times published an article quoting a TSA spokesperson responding to the claims made in one of Harrington's blog posts by saying that the claims made therein, including that TSA employees were laughing at pictures of people going through body scanners, were false. Several days later, the TSA canceled its contract with Rapiscan, the manufacturers of the full-body scanners. In May 2013, he quit working for the TSA.$^{:4}$ The following January, he wrote a 4-page article for Politico about his experiences working for the TSA, an article which was subsequently covered by other media outlets. In a response to the article, the TSA claimed that in it, Harrington lied and/or described long-abandoned practices.
# Thomas P. White

Thomas Patrick White (September 28, 1888 – February 7, 1968) was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California from August 18, 1959, to October 31, 1962.

## Biography

White was born in the Lincoln Heights district of Los Angeles, California, and educated in the public schools. He graduated from St. Vincent's high school, and studied for a year at St. Vincent's college. He then worked for the Santa Fe Railroad. In 1911, he graduated from the University of Southern California with a LL.B. degree.
Following graduation, White entered private practice in the firm of Randall, Bartlett & White from 1911 to 1913. In 1913, he was appointed judge of the Los Angeles Police Court, taking the seat of H. H. Rose. In August 1914, he helped create a women's division in the court, which included women serving as judges. In 1918, he ran unsuccessfully for Superior Court judge. In 1920, he resigned from the Police Court to enter private practice in Los Angeles with the firm of Irwin, White & Rosecrans, where he employed a young attorney, Louis H. Burke, who went onto the California Supreme Court.
On August 21, 1931, Governor James Rolph appointed White as a judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court. In 1932, White ran for re-election and won.
On December 5, 1937, Governor Frank Merriam elevated White to the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division One. In 1949, Governor Earl Warren appointed him Presiding Justice of that court.
In August 1959, Governor Pat Brown named him an associate justice of the California Supreme Court. After retiring from the bench in October 1962, White continued to occasionally hear cases by designation.
He died on February 7, 1968, in Los Angeles.

## Honors and awards

In 1926, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Loyola Law School and later received the St. Thomas More Medallion. In 1961, he received the Asa V. Call Award from the University of Southern California as outstanding alumnus.

## Personal life

White married twice. He married Helen H. White in February 1915. After her death in 1937, at age 67 he remarried to Aline Kathleen De Courcy in Los Angeles on July 18, 1956. She died on November 19, 1959.
# Jankówek, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County

Jankówek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokiciny, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-east of Rokiciny, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 28 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Thompson Park (Portland, Oregon)

Thompson Park is a 4.42-acre (1.79 ha) public park in the Russell neighborhood of northeastern Portland, Oregon, United States. The park was acquired in 1986.
# Thompson Park (Lincroft, New Jersey)

Thompson Park is a public park located at 805 Newman Springs Road in the Lincroft section of Middletown Township, New Jersey. The 677-acre (2.74 km$^2$) park is operated by the Monmouth County Park System. In 1968, at the bequest of Geraldine Morgan Thompson, 215 acres (0.87 km$^2$) of the Brookdale Farm were donated to the county to create the park. The Brookdale Farm Historic District, located in the park, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2020. The visitor center is a reconstruction of the Thompson Mansion, which was destroyed by a fire in 2006. The original mansion had been remodeled and expanded by the architectural firm of Carrère and Hastings in 1896.
* Thompson Park entrance
* Park landscape
# Threats (Shadowrun)

Threats is a 1996 role-playing game supplement for Shadowrun published by FASA.

## Contents

Threats is a sourcebook presenting conspiracy theories about 14 dangerous organizations and entities.

## Reception

Andy Butcher reviewed Threats for Arcane magazine, rating it a 7 out of 10 overall. Butcher comments that "As well as offering alternatives to the traditional corporate bad guys, the book expands Shadowrun's scope. Referees may not find themselves directly using a great deal of the material presented here, but they will certainly find a lot of inspiration for their games."

## Reviews

* Envoyer #6
* Envoyer #7
* Casus Belli #96
# Thomas Pearce (cricketer, born 1847)

Thomas Albert Pearce (11 May 1847 – 20 August 1898) was an English first-class cricketer.
Pearce was born at Essendon and made his debut in first-class cricket for the South against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's in 1872. He next appeared in first-class cricket in 1874, when he played for the MCC against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. He made two first-class appearances in 1875, playing for the South in the North v South fixture and for the Players of the South against the Gentlemen of the South. He made a final first-class appearance in 1876, appearing for the MCC against Nottinghamshire. Across his five first-class appearances, Pearce scored 35 runs, with a high score of 21. He died at St Albans in August 1898.
# Jared Theodorakos

Jared G. Theodorakos (born March 15, 1981) is a professional baseball pitcher who played internationally for the Greece national baseball team.

## Baseball career

A native of St. Louis, Missouri, Theodorakos attended Baylor University and played on their baseball team for five seasons, from 1999 through 2004. On February 18, 2002, the Big 12 Conference named him co-Player of the Week. In 2002, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Colorado Rockies selected him in the 49th round of the 2002 draft, but he elected not to sign and returned to school. The Milwaukee Brewers selected him in the 25th round the next year, watched his performance through the 2004 college season, and then signed him as a "draft and follow" on June 2.
The Brewers started him out at their rookie-level affiliate in Helena, Montana, but he left the club at the end of June to take a spot on the Greek national team and compete in the 2004 Summer Olympics. 22 of the 24 players on the squad were, like Theodorakos, American players of Greek ancestry. Theodorakos was the starter in the team's second game, pitching six innings in a 5-4 loss to Cuba, the defending silver medalist who would go on to win the gold in 2004. He also started Greece's game against Italy on August 21. He was not as successful in that game, surrendering five earned runs in only three innings of work, but Greece rallied to take the lead in the seventh inning and ultimately notched its only win of the tournament.