OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xerocrassa simulata

Xerocrassa simulata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae. It is endemic to southern Spain, specifically adapted to dry Mediterranean climates. Like other land snails, it undergoes a life cycle that includes egg laying, hatching of juveniles, shell development, and reproductive maturity as adults. These snails play a crucial role in their ecosystem by recycling nutrients and serving as prey for various predators, highlighting their ecological significance in their native habitat.

## Distribution

This species is common in the deserts and semideserts of the levantine region. Morphology varies greatly with locality.

## Life cycle

The size of the egg of this species is 2.6 × 2.1 mm.

## Xerocrassa simulata : Diet, Mucus Production, and Effects on Biocrust CO2 Efflux

Xerocrassa simulata (XS) exhibits a dietary preference for plant litter, distinguishing it from other desert snail species that primarily consume biological soil crust (biocrusts). In laboratory conditions, XS produces approximately 0.5 ± 0.1 mg of mucus per mg of body mass daily. Despite its dietary preference, XS mucus significantly affects biocrust activity through its deposition. The mucus increased CO2 efflux in both cyanobacteria-dominated and lichen/moss-dominated biocrusts, with consistent effects across different biocrust types (Hedges d effect sizes ranging from 1.28 to 1.44). For cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, XS mucus enhanced CO2 efflux by 106% compared to controls. These findings suggest that XS mucus acts as a potent stimulator of biocrust activity, regardless of the snail's primary diet or the specific biocrust community composition
# Xerocrassa siderensis

Xerocrassa siderensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Greece, where it is restricted to the easternmost mountain range of Crete, commonly occurring near the eastern coast of the island.
# Xu Genjun

Xu Genjun (Chinese: 许根俊; 23 November 1935 – 8 January 2008) was a Chinese biochemist. He was a professor at the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and President of the Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

## Biography

Xu was born in She County, Anhui on 23 November 1935. He graduated from the Chemistry Department of Fudan University in 1957, and joined the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry afterwards, where he participated in and made significant contributions to the insulin synthesis project led by Wang Yinglai. He later researched enzyme kinetics, chemical modification of proteins, the relationship between proteins' structure and function, and the folding and refolding of proteins.
Xu published more than 100 research papers in academic journals. He was a two-time winner of the State Natural Science Award (first class), in addition to several national prizes by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was also awarded the Ho Leung Ho Lee Prize for Life Sciences. He was elected as an academician of the CAS in 1991.
Xu died on 8 January 2008 at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai, at the age of 72.
# Xyleborinus andrewesi

Xyleborinus andrewesi, is a species of weevil widely distributed throughout the Old World tropics and introduced to many New World countries.

## Distribution

It is native to Kenya, Seychelles, Zambia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, New Guinea, Micronesia, and Papua New Guinea. It is found as an introduced species from Hawaii, Cuba, Jamaica, and United States.

## Description

This small, elongate-cylindrical beetle is about 2mm long. Body dark red-dish-brown in color. Elytra sub-acuminate. There are rows of many strong, acuminate tubercles found on the first and third interstriae.
A polyphagous species, it has been recorded from 59 host plants belong to 29 families.

### Host plants

* Albizzia
* Anacardium
* Annona squamosa
* Araucaria cunninghamii
* Artocarpus dadah
* Breonia (syn. Anthocephalus)
* Buchenavia
* Canarium
* Cinnamomum
* Cryptocarya
* Garuga
* Isonandra
* Mallotus
* Mangifera indica
* Myristica indica
* Odina wodier
* Palaquium eliptica
* Pterospermum
* Randia
* Samanea saman
* Shorea
* Tectona grandis
# Xinghualing, Taiyuan

Xinghualing District (simplified Chinese: 杏花岭区; traditional Chinese: 杏花嶺區; pinyin: Xìnghuālǐng Qū) is one of six districts of the prefecture-level city of Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province, North China. It is located in the urban core of Taiyuan.
# Xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase

In enzymology, a xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.168) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D-glucosyl residue is transferred from UDP-glucose to another glucose residue in xyloglucan, linked by a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose bond.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:xyloglucan 1,4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-xyloglucan 4beta-glucosyltransferase, xyloglucan 4beta-D-glucosyltransferase, and xyloglucan glucosyltransferase.
# Xu Liqun

Xu Liqun (Chinese: 徐力群; pinyin: Xú Lìqún; born May 1959) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in November 2020. Previously he served as secretary-general of Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

## Biography

Xu was born in Pingluo County, Ningxia, in May 1959. At the end of the Cultural Revolution, he became a sent-down youth at Honghua People's Commune (红花人民公社; 'Red Flower People's Commune') in the suburb of Yinchuan. In 1978, he was admitted to Baotou University of Iron Steel Technology (now Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology), majoring in industrial and civil buildings. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1984.
After graduation in 1981, he was despatched to Yinchuan Real Estate Administration Bureau, where he was promoted to deputy director in October 1994 and to director in April 1999. He was appointed party secretary of Jinfeng District in November 2002, concurrently serving as secretary of the Party Working Committee of Yinchuan High Tech Industrial Development Zone. He was appointed vice mayor of Guyuan in August 2003 and was admitted to member of the standing committee of the CPC Guyuan Committee, the city's top authority. In June 2007, he was named acting mayor of Zhongwei, succeeding Li Rui [zh]. He was installed as mayor in December. He was secretary-general of Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in January 2018, and held that office until April 2021.

### Downfall

In November 2020, he was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
On January 26, 2021, his qualification for delegate to the 12th Ningxia People's Congress was terminated. On April 27, he was expelled from the Communist Party and dismissed from public office. He was detained by Supreme People's Procuratorate on May 10. On August 31, he stood trial at the Intermediate People's Court of Wuzhong on charges of taking bribes. He allegedly took advantage of his position to benefit various companies and individuals on matters related to project contracting between 2005 and 2019. In return, he accepted money and gifts worth more than 6.95 million yuan (about 109 million U.S. dollars) and 10000 U.S. dollars. On November 19, he was sentenced to 11 years and 6 months and fined one million yuan on taking bribes and illegal possession of firearms. His illegal gains will be confiscated and his case transferred to the judiciary. Four vice mayors of Zhongwei, namely Yu Xia (于霞; 2004–2009), Wang Xingde (王兴德; 2006–2007), Liu Zhonghu (刘仲虎; 2012–2013), Zuo Xinbo (左新波; 2012–2016), were also sacked for graft.
# YMCA of Greater New York

YMCA of Greater New York is a community service organization, the largest YMCA in North America and also New York City's largest private youth-serving organization serving more than five hundred thousand each year.
The New York chapter formed in 1852 when a number of men met in what is now Soho to help new immigrant arrivals to the city, and the Brooklyn branch was established the following year with Walt Whitman as an early member. As of 2021, there are twenty two branches throughout the five boroughs, including the McBurney Y that was the inspiration for the Village People's song and the West Side YMCA.
YMCA of Greater New York is affiliated with YMCA in America and also operated Camp Talcott, a more than century-old sleepaway camp that hosted more than one thousand campers each summer.
# Head Cases: Serial Killers in the Delaware Valley

Head Cases: Serial Killers in the Delaware Valley is a 2013 horror film from director Anthony Spadaccini. The film continues the story told in Head Case.

## Plot

Serial killer Wayne Montgomery committed 41 murders between 1979 and 2007, leaving behind an extensive library of his life's work. Now, a new generation carries on Wayne's legacy in a terrifying world where rules do not apply. Take a trip through the mind of one of history's most prolific serial killers - and his devoted followers who are out for blood.
# Die Rheinpfalz

Die Rheinpfalz is a German–language regional newspaper based in Ludwigshafen, Germany. The paper is one of the leading newspapers which serve the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## History and profile

Die Rheinpfalz was first published in September 1945. The co-founders of the paper were Arthur Lenk, Hans Wipprecht and Xaver Resch. The Allied Forces that occupied Germany following World War II supported the establishment of the paper of which the parent company is the Medien Union GmbH. The paper is owned by Stuttgarter Zeitung Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH which also owns Freie Presse, Südwestpresse and Stuttgarter Zeitung, among others.
Die Rheinpfalz is published by a company with the same name, Die Rheinpfalz Verlag und Druckerei GmbH. The company is a subsidiary of Medien Union GmbH and also, operates the website of the paper. The headquarters of the paper is in Ludwigshafen.

## Circulation

The circulation of Die Rheinpfalz was 346,800 copies in the mid-1990s. In 2001 the paper had a circulation of 247,000 copies. It rose to 249,980 copies in the second quarter of 2003. The paper sold 242,560 copies in the first quarter of 2006. Its circulation was 235,542 copies in the first quarter of 2012.
# Blue Mesa Observatory

Blue Mesa Observatory (BMO), also referred to Magdalena Peak Station for the International Planetary Patrol Program, was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by New Mexico State University (NMSU). It was located on Magdalena Peak in the Sierra de las Uvas (Grape Mountains) of southern New Mexico (US), approximately 43 kilometers (27 mi) northwest of Las Cruces. Founded in 1967 under the supervision of Clyde Tombaugh, the observatory was closed in 1993. The site and the 30 acres (0.047 sq mi; 0.12 km$^2$) surrounding it were conveyed to the Federal Aviation Administration, which tore down the observatory building and replaced it with a radar installation.
BMO's main telescope was a 0.61 m (24 in) Cassegrain reflector built by Astro Mechanics and installed in 1969. It was equipped with a Boller and Chivens spectrograph, a spectrophotometer, and a photoelectric photometer. After BMO closed, the telescope and instruments were acquired by Pittsburg State University (PSU) in 1993. It was installed at the PSU-Greenbush Astrophysical Observatory near Girard, Kansas in 1996. PSU operates the observatory in cooperation with several local school districts.
# Skuggekammen Ridge

Skuggekammen Ridge (71°23′S 13°40′E﻿ / ﻿71.383°S 13.667°E﻿ / -71.383; 13.667) is a jagged rock ridge extending southeastward from Mount Mentzel, in the Gruber Mountains of the Wohlthat Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Skuggekammen (the shade ridge).
This article incorporates public domain material from "Skuggekammen Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
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# Godalsa

Godalsa or Godal Temple (Korean: 고달사; Hanja: 高達寺) is an old temple located in Yeoju County, Gyeonggi Province of South Korea. The site of the temple is registered as historic spot no. 382.
The temple was built in 764 under the reign of 35th king of Unified Silla, Gyeongdeok of Silla. In early years of Goryeo, the temple was under the protection of the powerful, including the absolute king, Gwangjong of Goryeo. Later, however, the temple was left behind, unmentioned in contemporary records. It is presumed that the temple controlled almost the whole area of the village around 10th century.
The site is significantly important, since three or more national treasures reside here. It is currently under restoration.

## Legend

It is said the stonemason named Godal completed construction of the temple. During work, he dedicated himself to finalize his project by praying, without knowing the deaths of his family. After completion, he decided to devote himself to Buddhism and become the monk. Later, he was seated as the great Buddhist monk. The name of the temple comes from here.

## Excavation

Roof tile inscribed as "Godal temple" and several relics were found in 1998. These relics were found around the stupa. Additionally, since the temple was made of wood, it was critical to find the foundation. From this project, it is said to be seemingly 7 sites of old buildings and 2 walls.

## National Treasure

The Stupa of Godalsa was nominated as 4th National Treasure of Korea in 1962 December 20. The accorded stupa is a conventional octagonal shape where cultural heritage of Shinra lies within. Godal temple is well known but many tourists fail to acknowledge presence of the following National Treasure. With a height of 3.4m, the stupa consists of several layers of granite. At the bottom lies the lowest stone, which maintain balance, and above stands the lower, middle and upper stones. The lower stone has eight sides with a petal pattern decoration. The middle stone has four dragons and verse surrounding a turtle.
Its significance lies in the refined architecture and time period the stupa was built which seems to be around 10th century at the beginning of the Goryeo dynasty.
# Raworth

Raworth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Raworth (1882–1967), electrical engineer to the Southern Railway (Great Britain) in the 1940s
* Kate Raworth (born 1970), British economist
* Sophie Raworth (born 1968), English newsreader and journalist
* Tom Raworth (1938–2017), British poet and visual artist
# The Pass System

The Pass System is a Canadian documentary film released in 2015, focusing on the former Canadian government policy known as the pass system, which enforced the segregation of First Nations people on their reserves.
The film was extensively researched, directed, and produced by Alex Williams, with narration provided by Tantoo Cardinal. James Cullingham served as the executive producer, and Cris Derksen composed the music for the documentary.
With the generous support of the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council, the Toronto Arts Council, and the community, the film was produced in association with Tamarack Productions. Its premiere took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, as part of the 2015 Vancouver International Film Festival.
The Pass System initially aired on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network on April 13, 2016. Subsequently, it was broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's main network on June 19, 2016, at 1 p.m.
# The New Inn, Gloucester

The New Inn, 16 Northgate Street, Gloucester, England, is a timber framed building used as a public house, hotel and restaurant. It is the most complete surviving example of a medieval courtyard inn with galleries in Britain, and is a Grade I listed building. The announcement of Lady Jane Grey's succession to the English throne was made from the Inn gallery in 1553.

## History

The Inn was built in 1450 by John Twyning, a monk, as a hostelry for the former Benedictine Abbey of St Peter. It is on the site of an earlier inn. After the dissolution of St Peter's the inn passed to the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester Cathedral and was leased to various inn holders until it was sold in 1858. Stories that the inn was built to provide lodgings for pilgrims to the tomb of King Edward II were first recorded in the eighteenth century and may be incorrect.
In 1553, King Edward VI died and Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen from the first floor gallery by the Abbot of Gloucester.
It is thought that William Shakespeare may have performed at the Inn with his company The Lord Chamberlain's Men as it is known that the company did visit and perform in the city. Inns were often used for theatrical performances in England (Inn-yard theatre) and Spain (Corral de comedias).
At 1am on the 7 May 2018, a fire had started at the rear of the Inn which spread to several bedrooms on the second floor, the roof and the bar area and had expanded by 5.50am. Soon afterwards twelve fire engines throughout Gloucestershire had arrived to save the building with Police and Ambulances, It is believed nobody was injured in it.

## Architecture

The timber frame of the large three-storey rectangular building is of oak with lathe and plaster rendered panels. Open jettied galleries look over the courtyard and form the entry to chambers on the upper floors. The west front in Northgate street forms seven bays, some of which are now used as separate shops, was altered in 1924.
The Inn is entered through a carriage way from Northgate Street, and is the most complete surviving example of a medieval courtyard inn with galleries in Britain.
Close to the entrance to the Inn in Northgate Street lies New Inn Lane, which runs parallel to Eastgate Street and The Oxbode. Reportedly, it was originally called Pilgrims Lane.

## Today

Today the Inn is a restaurant, pub and 36 bedroomed hotel. There is also a coffee shop and two function rooms.
The Inn is supposedly haunted with one unexplained event captured on CCTV in 2010.
# J-Comi

Manga Library Z (マンガ図書館Z, Manga Toshokan Z), before 2018 known as J-Comi (Jコミ, J Komi), is a Japanese website that distributes out of print manga and doujinshi as DRM-free ebooks, with the permission of the authors and supported by advertising. J-Comi is limited to out of print titles so that quality of the work is assured and so that J-Comi does not compete with publishers. The site was the idea of famed manga artist Ken Akamatsu, officially established on January 25, 2008. But it was not launched until April 12, 2011, after it gained momentum in response to Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance Regarding the Healthy Development of Youths' 2011 passing of Bill 156, which many manga creators opposed.

## Beta test

The first beta test began on November 26, 2010, and included all 14 volumes of CEO Ken Akamatsu's Love Hina. Over the first two days of the beta, there were more than 1 million downloads. Publishers Kodansha and Shueisha are collaborating with J-Comi, and Shueisha provided some additional manga titles for a second beta test.
One of the titles in the beta test, Mayu Shinjo's "After School Wedding", earned 525,000 yen over a month.

## Amnesty program

J-Comi created an amnesty program for unauthorised scans of out of print manga, the "Illegal Out-of-Print Manga File Purification Project," whereby users of J-Comi would upload them anonymously to J-Comi, J-Comi would seek permission from the author to publish them, add advertising to the manga and publish them, giving the author the revenues.

## Other developments

Currently in Japanese only, J-Comi worked with Google on a comic viewer which could be expanded to American consumers.
Readers can add commentary or translations to J-Comi titles. As of September 2011, J-Comi hosted 103 works. In October 2011, J-Comi added a pay service for erotic manga, including a title which was banned under the revised Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance Regarding the Healthy Development of Youths.
# YMCA Sign

The YMCA Sign is a neon sign in front of the YMCA in downtown Fargo, North Dakota. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

Starting in 1959, fundraising began to build the Fargo-Moorhead Family YMCA and contributions totaled $1.2 million. This was the first time over a million dollars had been donated for a project in the history of Fargo. The new branch opened in 1962 with 801 members.
The Cook Sign Company constructed the sign in 1962, just after the building opened. In the subsequent years, Cook increasingly shifted toward producing similar electric signs because the 1965 Highway Beautification Act sharply reduced their sale of billboards. The local Fargo business lasted much longer than most signage companies, operating from 1897 to 2009.
In 2009, the YMCA of Cass and Clay Counties changed the name of the branch to the "Fercho Family YMCA". This honored Dr. Cal and Doris Fercho, two long-term benefactors.
In 2022, the national YMCA issued new branding guidelines to chapters which disallowed leaving up any exceptions. In order to preserve the non-conforming sign, the local YMCA successfully applied for listing it on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Architecture

The aluminum sign is representative of 1960s Americana and consists of a "Y" on a post. The serif font letter is 16 feet wide and 18 feet tall. The sides are cherry red, the faces are white, and a neon tubing runs along the edges.
# Dikodougou

Dikodougou is a town in north-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Dikodougou Department in Poro Region, Savanes District. Dikodougou is also a commune.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Dikodougou was 39,567.

## Villages

The 29 villages of the sub-prefecture of Dikodougou and their population in 2014 are:
* Bana (401)
* Diendron (149)
* Dikodougou (13,953)
* Kadioha (4,626)
* Kapreme (2,549)
* Karafine (504)
* Karakpo (736)
* Koulopankaha (1,243)
* Kpele (296)
* Namasselikaha (805)
* Nangakaha (47)
* Nerkene (998)
* Nogotaha (1,148)
* Ouamessionkaha (1,234)
* Ouelelokaha (896)
* Pezorolakaha (46)
* Pindokaha (704)
* Pleuro (2,464)
* Poundia (238)
* Samatiguila (652)
* Sefon (344)
* Seguebe (392)
* Sionhouakaha (174)
* Sounzorisso (1,079)
* Tapre (976)
* Tionrikaha (82)
* Tolisso (224)
* Toufinde (1,980)
* Zangbokpo (627)