OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steve Boardman (historian)

Stephen I. Boardman, FRHistS, is a Scottish medieval historian. A graduate of the University of St Andrews, he held the Glenfiddich Research Fellowship and a Post-Doctoral Fellowship of the British Academy at St Andrews before being appointed Mackie Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen in 1995. He subsequently moved to the University of Edinburgh, where he is now Professor of Medieval Scottish History. Boardman's work focuses on kingship and the nobility in the later Middle Ages, and he has completed work on Scottish kings Robert II and Robert III, as well as Clan Campbell. The former is the only work to deal specifically with those monarchs.

## Select bibliography

* The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371-1406. Tuckwell Press. 1996
* Editor. The Exercise of Power in Scotland, 1250-1500. Four Courts Press. 2003
* 'Survival and revival: late medieval Scotland' – J. Wormald (editor), The Oxford Illustrated History of Scotland. Oxford University Press. 2005
* The Campbells, 1250-1500. Birlinn Press. 2005
* 'The Gaelic world and the early Stewart court' – D. Broun and M. MacGregor (editors), Miorun Mor nan Gall, The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander: Lowland Perceptions of the Scottish Highlands. Stornoway. 2006
# Tōdō Takatsugu

Tōdō Takatsugu (藤堂 高次, January 4, 1602 – December 20, 1676) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. He was the 2nd daimyō from the Tōdō clan to rule Tsu Domain in Ise and Iga Provinces.

## Biography

As the daimyō of Tsu Domain, Tōdō Takatora had no son and heir, he adopted the son of Niwa Nagahide, whom he gave the name of Tōdō Takayoshi. However, at the age of 46, Takatora unexpectedly produced a legitimate son, Takatsugu, who became 2nd daimyō of Tsu domain on his father's death in 1632. The displaced Takayoshi was sent to a branch of the clan in Imabari, on Shikoku island, but was recalled by Takatsugu to head the main branch of the Todo clan in Ise Province in 1636.
In 1632, the Todo clan was tasked by the Tokugawa shogunate with the rebuilding of the Second Bailey on Edo Castle. This was followed by the rebuilding of the Main Bailey on Edo Castle after a fire in 1639, and with the construction of the mausoleum for Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu at Nikkō Tōshō-gū in 1652. To add to the clan's woes, their castle town of Tsu burned down in a great fire in 1654. These extensive outlays effectively bankrupted the clan, despite efforts to increase revenues by the development of new rice lands and various fiscal reforms. The difficult financial situation of the domain would remain a problem throughout its history.
In 1669, Takatsugu officially retired from his posts in favor of his eldest son, Tōdō Takahisa. He died in 1676.
| Preceded byTōdō Takatora | Daimyō of Tsu 1632–1669 | Succeeded byTōdō Takahisa |
# Checkdown

In gridiron football, a checkdown pass is when the quarterback attempts to complete a short, accurate pass, typically to a running back or tight end, as a last option when the primary option(s) as designed by the play call are covered. The term means that the quarterback has "checked down" his list of receivers. Because the quarterback does not look for the checkdown pass until after they have scanned for open receivers down the field for about 3–4 seconds, the defensive line has had time to enter the backfield and so a checkdown pass is often thrown in the face of pressure from the defensive line. Alternatively, if the quarterback is inexperienced or the defensive team has sent a blitz, with linebackers and/or defensive backs also looking to sack the quarterback, the checkdown may also turn out to be the quarterback's second or even first look.
A screen pass and a checkdown are different, because a screen pass is designed primarily to go to the short route after drawing in pass rushers.
# European Son (Japan song)

"European Son" is a song by the British band Japan.
The song was written by David Sylvian in 1978 following the band's US tour. It was intended to be the title track of Japan's third album and Sylvian intended to record it with disco producer Giorgio Moroder. However, this did not happen as Moroder preferred the song Life in Tokyo. Japan then recorded the song with Simon Napier-Bell and it was mixed by John Punter.
"European Son" was first released in Japan as the B-side of the single "I Second That Emotion" and on the Canadian Special Edition EP. In 1981 it was released as the B-side of the UK single "Life in Tokyo" and was included on the album Assemblage. In January 1982 a version remixed by Steve Nye was released as a single and became a hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 31.

## Track listings

7": Hansa / HANSA 10 (UK)
* European Son (Remix) – 3:48
* Alien – 4:59
12": Hansa / HANSA 12-10 (UK)
* European Son (Extended Remix) – 5:33
* Alien – 4:59

## Personnel

* David Sylvian – lead vocals, guitar
* Richard Barbieri – synthesizers, keyboards
* Mick Karn – bass guitar, saxophone, vocals
* Rob Dean – guitar, vocals
* Steve Jansen – drums, percussion, vocals
* Steve Nye – remixing
# Geve

Geve is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Augustine Geve (died 2002), Solomon Islands priest and politician
* Nicolaus Georg Geve (1712–1789), Danish painter and illustrator
* Thomas Geve (1929–2024), German engineer
# Geophilus smithi

Geophilus smithi is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Washington, D.C. It grows up to 28 millimeters in length, has 49 leg pairs (in female specimens), 25-30 coxal pores, and coxae of prehensorial legs of about equal length and width.

## Taxonomy

In its original description, G. smithi was compared to G. huronicus (now Arenophilus bipuncticeps). G. smithi was possibly based upon specimens of G. ampyx and may even be a senior synonym, though this is not confirmed.
# Vilém Prusinovský z Víckova

Vilém Prusinovský z Víckova (in German: William Prusinowsky von Wiczkov) (1534 – June 16, 1572) was a bishop of Olomouc in 1565–1572. He started his office in the times of Catholic-Protestant controversy and followed the policy of the Council of Trent. He forced the Utraquists to accept his authority. He invited Jesuits to Olomouc and a year after his death, in 1573, his plan of promotion of the Olomouc school to Jesuit Academy was realized and the second oldest university in the Czech lands was established. It is possible he was poisoned by Jan Philopon Dambrovský.
# Sad Girl (album)

Sad Girl is the second solo album by alternative country musician Amy Allison. It was released on September 25, 2001 on Diesel Only Records in the United States, following its earlier release on Glitterhouse Records in Europe. It features contributions from Greg Leisz, Mike Daly (Whiskeytown), Will Rigby (dB's, Steve Earle), and Neal Casal.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Lakeland Ledger | |
| Robert Christgau | (A-) |
| Sacramento News & Review | (positive) |
No Depression wrote that the album's 12 songs "exhibit a directness of expression, a simple universality clearly achieved with considerable composing and life experience." A more mixed review in the New York Post criticized Allison's voice on the album as "a stuffed nasal style that makes every song sound like she should see a doctor."

## Track listing

* Listless and Lonesome
* One Thing in Mind
* Sad Girl
* Everybody Thinks You're an Angel
* It's Not Wrong
* Family
* Shadow of a Man
* Sad State of Affairs
* Where Did You Go?
* Lost on You
* Do I Miss You?
* New Year's Eve
# Trechus astrophilus

Trechus astrophilus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Schmidt in 2009.
# Steve Sherlock

Steven Edward Sherlock (born 10 May 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full-back, making over 300 career appearances.

## Career

Sherlock played for Manchester City, Luton Town, Stockport County, Cardiff City, and Newport County, before playing non-league football for Stroud.
# Tyssøy

Tyssøyna or Tyssøy is an island in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 0.9-square-kilometre (220-acre) island lies in the northern part of the Raunefjorden. The island has a population of about 70 and is connected to the neighboring island of Bjorøy to the north via a short bridge. Bjorøy is connected to the mainland by the Bjorøy Tunnel. The island is named for the Norse god Týr. On the western side of the island is a wide and sheltered harbour called Tyssøyvågen. A narrow inlet leads into the harbour from the south, on the eastern side of the inlet several large soapstone rocks have tumbled down from the hillside. On one of these rocks a peculiar little "carving" is found. In the local community it is named "the crown" or "Tyssøykruna". Further inland on Tyssøy is a larger soapstone locality, bearing traces of being quarried for building material, most probably of a Medieval date. It seems likely that the quarrying activities at the two sites have taken place at the same time. This indicates that the earliest possible date for the figure at the inlet of Tyssøyvågen is the Middle Ages. Also during the Middle Ages (ca. 1305), the Norwegian king Haakon V built a royal chapel on the island. Remains of the chapel are still visible at a site called "Kyrkjesteinane".
* "Tyssøykruna". The "crown" is incised on the large flat slab in the centre of the picture. The site can only be reached by boat, but due to the white paint the figure is fully visible from the sea (photo by Nils-Arne Ekerhovd).
* Kyrkjesteinane Tyssøyna (photo by Nils-Arne Ekerhovd).
# Cherie Pridham

Cherie Pridham (born May 22, 1971) is the sports director for the Lotto-Soudal (also known as Lotto Dstny) cycling team. She is the first woman, on the men's world cycling tour to hold that role, and the first woman to achieve a World Tour victory at Tirreno-Adriatico in March 2021.

## Career

Pridham started bike racing in South Africa and rode her first Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin when she was 19 years old. Her pro cycling career spanned eight Tours de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and two Giri d'Italia Femminile (formerly known as the Giro Rosa), until her professional racing career was cut short due to injuries sustained from a hit and run accident in 2006.
In 2006, Pridham began managing professional cycling teams by joining a junior development team called the Merlin Development Squad. This squad became a Senior squad in 2007, in 2008 the team became Pearl Izumi- Planet X-High 5. In 2009, Cherie took charge of the Plowman Craven Race Team. In September 2010, she was approached by Raleigh UK to take on managing that team. As owner of Cherie Pridham Racing, she is also the longest serving UCI Continental level team manager, and the only female manager, in the UK. In 2018, Team Raleigh changed its name to Vitus Pro Cycling Team. On November 19, 2020 the Vitus Pro Cycling p/b Brother UK team announced that they will be closing down their men's racing team due to uncertain economic climate and a difficult sponsorship environment.
After a brief stoppage of world tour racing due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, professional cycling restarted and Pridham and her ISN team participated in the Tirreno-Adriatico UCI World Tour race that was held March 10–16, 2021 in Italy, with Mads Würtz Schmidt winning the 6th stage.
On October 07, 2021, Pridham joined the Lotto-Soudal cycling team as sports director, beginning with the 2022 season. She acted as sports director for her first Grand Tour at the 2022 Giro d'Italia.

## Awards

2019: Women's Participation in Sport award, Derby Telegraph Sports
# Wolf-baiting

Wolf-baiting is a blood sport involving the baiting of wolves against dogs.
Historically, the baiting of wolves was more in the context of training dogs for wolf hunting than public entertainment. Wolves would sometimes be caught, either at the end of hunts, or in set traps, and would be set upon by the dogs, usually as a way of helping them master their fear of the animal. When training young or inexperienced dogs, the wolf would be hamstrung. Accounts as to how wolves react to being attacked by dogs vary, though John James Audubon wrote that young wolves generally show submissive behaviour, while older wolves fight savagely.
One of the earliest recorded incidents of wolf-baiting occurred during one of the Roman civil wars. The Dacians, hoping to take advantage of Rome's division, pressed their chieftain Scorlyo to launch an offensive. Scorlyo brought several dogs to the city square, which immediately began fighting one another. However, a captured wolf was brought in, to which the dogs ceased their fighting and attacked it. By this, Scorlyo intended to teach his people that whatever war a nation had within itself, it would always stand firm in attacking an outsider. However, wolves can be extremely dangerous opponents for dogs, even when outnumbered. Louis XIII of France once acquired an old wolf and set his best dogs on it three at a time. The wolf managed to kill twelve of them without sustaining any serious injury. The fighting styles of wolves and dogs differ significantly; while dogs typically limit themselves to attacking the head, neck and shoulder, wolves will make greater use of body blocks, and attack the extremities of their opponents. Theodore Roosevelt once wrote that he considered a large mastiff a match for a wolf only if the latter was a young or undersized Texas wolf, though he conceded that even if the dog was the heavier of the two, its teeth and claws would be very much smaller, weaker and its hide less tough.
# European Union (Accessions) Act 2006

Part of a series of articles on :
UK membership of the European Union (1973–2020) :
Accession
Treaty of Accession 1972
1972 EC Act
1973 enlargement of the EC :
1975 referendum
Referendum Act (results) :
Treaty amendments Single European Act, 1986 (UK ratification) Maastricht Treaty, 1992 (UK ratification) Treaty of Amsterdam, 1997 (UK ratification) Treaty of Nice, 2001 (UK ratification) Treaty of Lisbon, 2007 (UK ratification)
Related:
2011 UK Act on new EU Treaty amendments
EU-related British Acts
Proposed European Constitution referendum
European Union Bill 2004–2005 :
MEPs for UK constituenciesMembers 1973–1979 (elected by parliament)Members 1979–1984 (1979 election)Members 1984–1989 (1984 election)Members 1989–1994 (1989 election)Members 1994–1999 (1994 election)Members 1999–2004 (1999 election)Members 2004–2009 (2004 election)Members 2009–2014 (2009 election)Members 2014–2019 (2014 election)Members 2019–2020 (2019 election)
Women :
Officials and bodies
House of Lords EU Committee
House of Commons EU Committee
Permanent EU Representatives for UK
Northern Ireland Executive in Brussels
EU Representative in London
UK European Commissioners
Department for Exiting the European Union :
Issues and events
Economy
The Euro
Black Wednesday
UK budget rebate
Nationality law
Euroscepticism in the UK
United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation
Maastricht Rebels
Balance of Competences Review :
Withdrawal
2015 UK general election
2015–2016 membership renegotiation
2016 EU membership referendum
Vote Leave
Britain Stronger in Europe
Notification of withdrawal
2017 UK general election
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Northern Ireland Protocol
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2019 UK general election :
EU portal
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vte :
The European Union (Accessions) Act 2006 (c 2) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which ratified and legislated for the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union. It received Royal assent on 16 February 2006.
The Act is amended by articles 3, 4 and 6 of the Treaty of Lisbon (Changes in Terminology) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1043).

## Section 1 - Accession treaty

Section 1(1) inserts section 1(2)(r) of the European Communities Act 1972.
Section 1(2) provides that the treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union, signed at Luxembourg on 25 April 2005 is approved for purposes of section 12 of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002.

## Section 2 - Freedom of movement for workers

Section 2(1) provides:
   The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision concerning-
       (a) the entitlement of a national of an acceding State to enter or reside in the United Kingdom as a worker;
       (b) any matter ancillary to that entitlement.

### "Secretary of State"

    This means one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.

### Order made under this section

    The Accession (Immigration and Worker Authorisation) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/3317)
# Georg Schumann (footballer)

Georg Schumann (born 17 August 1898, date of death unknown) was a German international footballer.
# Vincenzo Tanara

Vincenzo Tanara or Tanari (died 1667) was an Italian agronomist and gastronome.
A Bolognese nobleman, he wrote the important 1653 treatise entitled L'economia del cittadino in villa (The economy of the citizen in the country).

## Career

Tanara had established a close friendship with the cardinal Francesco Sforza who had a large library in Bologna. This gave him access to books. He wrote a manuscript on bird hunting, that remained unpublished until the 19th century: La caccia degli uccelli.
In his major work, Tanara wrote of plants in order to provide a guide for "city dwellers." In Botanical Progress, Horticultural Innovation and Cultural Changes, it written that Tanara's "handbooks became very popular among land stewards as landowners were losing their interest in direct management of their estates." Not only did he characterize plant life as central to family economy: he specialized in "utility," particularly agricultural efficiency.
# List of theatres in North Rhine-Westphalia

This is a list of notable theatres in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, organized by administrative district.

## Rhineland
### Region of Düsseldorf

* Burgtheater Dinslaken – Dinslaken
* Die Säule – Duisburg
* Fabrik Heeder – Krefeld
* Freilichtbühne Mülheim an der Ruhr – Mülheim
* Krieewelsche Pappköpp – Krefeld
* Metronom Theater – Oberhausen
* Rheinisches Landestheater Neuss – Neuss
* Schlosstheater Moers – Moers
* TAM – Krefeld
* Teo Otto Theater – Remscheid
* Theater am Marientor – Duisburg
* Theater an der Ruhr – Mülheim
* Theater Duisburg – Duisburg
* Theater Oberhausen – Oberhausen
* Werner-Jaeger-Halle – Nettetal
* XOX-Theater Kleve – Kleve

#### City of Düsseldorf

* Altes Schauspielhausgebäude Düsseldorf
* Altes Theater
* Apollo-Theater
* Capitol Theater
* Deutsche Oper am Rhein
* Düsseldorfer Marionetten-Theater
* Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus
* Forum Freies Theater
* Kom(m)ödchen
* Komödie Düsseldorf
* Palais Wittgenstein
* Stadttheater Düsseldorf
* Theater FLIN

#### City of Essen

* Aalto Theatre
* Colosseum Theater
* Das Kleine Theater Essen
* GOP Varieté Essen
* Grillo-Theater
* Theater im Rathaus

#### City of Wuppertal

* Comödie
* Das Vollplaybacktheater
* Kulturzentrum Bandfabrik
* Müllers Marionetten-Theater
* Opernhaus Wuppertal
* Rex-Theater
* Schauspielhaus Wuppertal
* Thalia-Theater
* Theater in Cronenberg
* Wupper-Theater
* Wuppertaler Bühnen

### Region of Cologne

* Grenzlandtheater Aachen – Aachen
* Öcher Schängche – Aachen
* Opernwerkstatt am Rhein – Hürth
* Puppenpavillon Bensberg – Bergisch Gladbach
* Stadttheater Düren – Düren
* Studiobühne Siegburg – Siegburg
* Theater Aachen – Aachen
* Violettas Puppenbühne – Wegberg

#### City of Bonn

* Contra-Kreis-Theater
* Euro Theater Central Bonn
* Junges Theater Bonn
* Theater Bonn

#### City of Cologne

* Arkadaş Theater
* Bühnen der Stadt Köln
* Cassiopeia Theater
* D.a.S. Theater
* Futur3
* Gloria-Theater
* Hänneschen-Theater
* Kumede
* Musical Dome
* Schauspiel Köln
* Senftöpfchen
* Studiobühne Köln
* Tazzelwurm (Varieté)
* Theater am Dom
* Theater Tiefrot
* Volkstheater Millowitsch

## Westfalen-Lippe
### Region of Arnsberg

* Apollo-Theater
* Fletch Bizzel
* Freilichtbühne Herdringen
* Hagen Theatre
* Hansa Theater Hörde
* Kulturhaus Lüdenscheid
* Mondpalast
* Prinz-Regent-Theater
* Rottstraße 5 Theater
* Schauspielhaus Bochum

### Region of Detmold

* Detmolder Sommertheater
* Kahle Wart
* Landestheater Detmold
* Stadttheater Herford
* Stadttheater Minden
* Theater Gütersloh
* Westfälische Kammerspiele

### Region of Munster

* Alte Brennerei Schwake
* Freilichtbühne Billerbeck
* Musiktheater im Revier
* Theater im Pumpenhaus
* Theater Münster
* Westfälisches Landestheater
* Wolfgang Borchert Theater
# Henry Byrne (politician)

Henry Byrne (6 March 1920 – 6 April 1976) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served one term as a Teachta Dála (TD).
He first stood for election as an independent candidate at the 1944 general election for the Wicklow constituency, but was unsuccessful, receiving only 534 first-preference votes. He stood again as one of two Labour Party candidates at the 1961 general election for the Laois–Offaly constituency, but was unsuccessful.
He was successful on his next attempt, as the only Labour candidate at the 1965 general election in Laois–Offaly, taking his seat in the 18th Dáil.
Byrne did not contest the 1969 general election, and polled less than 1,000 first-preference votes when he stood again in the same constituency as one of two Labour candidates at the 1973 general election.
# Paradigm in Entropy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Paradigm in Entropy is the debut album by American metal band Bleed the Sky. It was released on April 19, 2005, through Nuclear Blast Records.

## Track listing

* "Minion" – 4:11
* "Killtank" – 3:37
* "Paradigm in Entropy" – 3:34
* "Skin Un Skin" – 4:08
* "Leverage" – 3:56
* "The Martyr" – 5:50
* "Gated" – 3:02
* "God in the Frame" – 3:57
* "Division" (feat. T.J. Frost & Joe Cafarella of STEMM) – 3:26
* "Borrelia Mass" – 5:09

## Personnel

* Noah Robinson - vocals
* Kyle Moorman - guitar
* Wayne Miller - guitar
* Casey Kulek - bass
* Austin D’Amond - drums, backing vocals
* Luke Anderson - samples, electronics, backing vocals
Production
* Ben Schigel - producer, engineering, mixing
* Logan Mader - mastering
* Noah Robinson - co producer
* Kyle Moorman - co producer
# Cheer Up

Cheer Up may refer to:

## Film, theatre and television

* Cheer Up, 1917 musical by John Raymond Hubbell
* Cheer Up (1924 film), American silent comedy directed by Stephen Roberts (director)
* Cheer Up (film), 1936 British comedy film directed by Leo Mittler
* Cheer Up! (TV series), a 2015 South Korean television series
* Cheer Up (South Korean TV series), a 2022 South Korean television series

## Music

* Cheer Up (Ray Anderson, Han Bennink and Christy Doran album), 1995
* Cheer Up (Plexi album) (1996)
* Cheer Up! (Reel Big Fish album), album by ska punk band Reel Big Fish
* "Cheer Up", a 1962 single by Kenny Roberts
* "Cheer Up", a 1964 song by Paul Anka
* "Cheer Up", song by Bob Marley and the Wailers from the album The Best of the Wailers
* "Cheer Up", a 2015 single by Hong Jin-young from Life Note
* "Cheer Up (song), a 2016 Korean-language song by South Korean girl group Twice from Page Two

## Other

* Cheer Up: Love and Pompoms, 2021 graphic novel by Crystal Frasier
* Cheer-Up Society, WWI servicemen's welfare organization in South Australia