OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonard P. Wishart III

Leonard P. Wishart III (born September 24, 1934) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from July 14, 1988 to August 15, 1991. He later served as the first Director of Non-Legislative and Financial Services of the United States House of Representatives from 1992 to 1994.
# Kareem Adepoju

Alhaji Kareem Adepoju (listen) popularly known as "Baba Wande" is a Nigerian film actor, writer and producer who shot to the limelight in 1993 after he starred as "Oloye Otun" in the movie titled Ti Oluwa Ni Ile.

## Selected filmography

* Oluweri Magboojo
* Ti Oluwa Ni Ile (1993)
* Ayọ Ni Mọ Fẹ (1994) as Chief Adeleke
* Abeni (2006) as Baba Wande
* Arugba (2008) as Aigoro
* Igbekun
* Òbúko Dúdú
* Ika lomo ejo
* Enu Eye (2010)
* Anikulapo (2022) as Ojumo Chief
* Osa meji
# Karen L. Haas

Karen Lehman Haas (born April 13, 1962) is an American government affairs official who served as the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives from December 2005 to February 2007, and again from January 2011 to February 2019. After leaving the position, she was named to the governing board of the Office of Congressional Ethics in 2021.
A native of Catonsville, Maryland, Karen Lehman Haas graduated from the University of Maryland with a bachelor's degree in political science and a minor in economics. She is a former floor assistant to Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert and served from 1984 to 1994 as Executive and Legislative Assistant to Bob Michel while he was the Republican Minority Leader. Haas worked as a lobbyist for ABC/Disney and also has experience as a government affairs director for several corporate entities.
# Leppneeme

Leppneeme is a village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It is located about 14 km (9 mi) northeast of the centre of Tallinn, on the northeastern coast of the Viimsi peninsula by Muuga Bay. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 464.
Leppneeme harbour is the main point for traffic to and from the island of Prangli. The corresponding harbour on Prangli's side is in Kelnase.
Leppneeme was first mentioned in 1376 as Thusnes.
# Leppinsee

Leppinsee is a lake located in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The lake has an elevation of 58.6 meters and a surface area of 0.914 square kilometers. There are also a few campsites near Leppinsee, such as Campingplatz am Leppinsee, which has pitches for tents and caravans.
# Kann

Kann may refer to:
* KANN, a radio station broadcasting
* Caro-Kann (- Defense), named after Marcus Kann
* Netrikkan, a 1981 Tamil film
* Omslag: Martin Kann, an album by the Swedish band bob hund
* S. Kann Sons Co., a department store in Washington, D.C.

## People

* Alphonse Kann (1870–1948), French art collector of Jewish heritage
* D.W. Kann, American filmmaker
* Edith Kann (1907–1987), Austrian botanist and phycologist
* Edouard Kann (born 1857), French composer
* Hans Kann (1927–2005), Austrian Jewish pianist, composer
* Kallista Kann (1895–1983), Estonian linguist and teacher
* Kraig Kann (born 1966), American television personality
* Moses Kann (died 1762), German rabbi
* Peter R. Kann (born 1942), American journalist, editor, and businessman
* Salme Kann (1881–1957), Estonian voice teacher and choir director
* Stan Kann (1924–2008), American collector of vacuum cleaners
# Les Loges, Seine-Maritime

Les Loges (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

Les Loges is a farming village in the Pays de Caux, some 13 miles (21 km) north of Le Havre, at the junction of the D72, D74 and D940 roads.

## History

The name of the commune comes from the French word loge, meaning a cabin or shelter, or more usually in English, a hunting-lodge.
The village is located almost at the end of the old Roman road linking Lillebonne with Étretat.
William the Conqueror's granddaughter, the Empress Matilda gave this area to a Nicolas Estouteville in the twelfth century, to thank him for his support and loyalty. The seigneurie belonged to the family of Estouteville for eight centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century, the Grimaldi family (of Monaco), who also bear the name of Estouteville, used the manorhouse as a residence resort.

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the sixteenth century.
* The Manor d'Estouteville, originally eleventh century.
* The Town Hall, built in the nineteenth century.
# Karashizuke

Karashizuke (からし漬け) is pickled vegetable made in Japan. Like other forms of kasuzuke, the vegetables are pickled in soft sake lees (sake kasu) with salt, sugar, and mirin and then used to pickle salted vegetables.
Nasu Karashizuke (eggplant pickled in mustard and sake lees) is a popular type of karashizuke.
# Karasi

Karasi may refer to:
* Kärasi, a village in northeastern Estonia
* Karasi, Altai Krai, a settlement in Russia
* Karasid dynasty, dynasty in northwestern Anatolia (c. 1300–1345)
* Sanjak of Karasi, a Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
* Karasi Bey, Bey of the Karasids in northwestern Anatolia
* Karasi (horse), Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
# Karaikal taluk

Karaikal taluk is a taluk of Karaikal District of Puducherry, India. It consists of one municipality, Karaikal and the following revenue villages:
* Poovam
* Thiruvettakudy
* Varichikudy
* Kil Vanjiyur
* Mel Vanjiyur
* Keezhaiyur
* Polagam
Apart from the above revenue villages, Karaikal taluk includes the following commune panchayats.
* Neravy
* Tirumalarajanpattinam
* Kottucheri
The taluk headquarters is located at Karaikal.
# Crimson-browed finch

The crimson-browed finch (Carpodacus subhimachalus) is a true finch species (family Fringillidae). It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland.
This is a large finch with a large short bill. The male has a crimson red head and throat. The female has a yellow head and throat.
The species was described by the British naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1836 under the binomial name Corythus subhimachalus. The species name subhimachalus combines the Latin sub meaning 'beneath' and the Hindi word himachal meaning snow. The crimson-browed finch was formerly placed in the genus Pinicola but was moved to the rosefinch genus Carpodacus based on the results from the phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences.
# Ogawa, Tochigi

Ogawa (小川町, Ogawa-machi) was a town located in Nasu District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,939 and a density of 168.59 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 41.16 km$^2$.
On October 1, 2005, Ogawa, along with the town of Batō (also from Nasu District), was merged to create the town of Nakagawa.
# Oenanthe

Oenanthe can refer to:

## Taxonomy

* Oenanthe (bird), a genus of birds in the family Muscicapidae
* Oenanthe (plant), a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae

## Persons

* Oenanthe of Egypt (flourished 3rd century BC), Egyptian Greek noblewoman and the wife of Agathocles
# Crisis (dynamical systems)

In applied mathematics and astrodynamics, in the theory of dynamical systems, a crisis is the sudden appearance or disappearance of a strange attractor as the parameters of a dynamical system are varied. This global bifurcation occurs when a chaotic attractor comes into contact with an unstable periodic orbit or its stable manifold. As the orbit approaches the unstable orbit it will diverge away from the previous attractor, leading to a qualitatively different behaviour. Crises can produce intermittent behaviour.
Grebogi, Ott, Romeiras, and Yorke distinguished between three types of crises:
* The first type, a boundary or an exterior crisis, the attractor is suddenly destroyed as the parameters are varied. In the postbifurcation state the motion is transiently chaotic, moving chaotically along the former attractor before being attracted to a fixed point, periodic orbit, quasiperiodic orbit, another strange attractor, or diverging to infinity.
* In the second type of crisis, an interior crisis, the size of the chaotic attractor suddenly increases. The attractor encounters an unstable fixed point or periodic solution that is inside the basin of attraction.
* In the third type, an attractor merging crisis, two or more chaotic attractors merge to form a single attractor as the critical parameter value is passed.
Note that the reverse case (sudden appearance, shrinking or splitting of attractors) can also occur. The latter two crises are sometimes called explosive bifurcations.
While crises are "sudden" as a parameter is varied, the dynamics of the system over time can show long transients before orbits leave the neighbourhood of the old attractor. Typically there is a time constant τ for the length of the transient that diverges as a power law (τ ≈ |p − p$_c$|$^γ$) near the critical parameter value p$_c$. The exponent γ is called the critical crisis exponent. There also exist systems where the divergence is stronger than a power law, so-called super-persistent chaotic transients.
# Oflag IV-D

Oflag IV-D was a World War II German Army prisoner-of-war camp located in Elsterhorst (now Nardt) near Hoyerswerda, then part of Lower Silesia, 44 km (27 mi) north-east of Dresden. It held mostly French, but also Belgian, Polish, Serbian, British and other Allied officers.

## History

In June 1940, part of Stalag IV-A was separated and made into an Oflag for Belgian, British, and French officers taken prisoner during the Battle of France. Also a separate part of the camp was set aside as a hospital for prisoners Reserve Lazarett 742. There was a resistance movement in the camp. Several escape attempts occurred. On March 29–30, 1941, some 30 officers escaped through a tunnel. In September 1943 many British Commonwealth officers from the North Africa campaign. that had been held in Italian prisoner of war camps were transferred to Oflag IV-D
In February 1945, many prisoners were evacuated in death marches in various destinations, whereas some 600 sick officers and French officers-physicians were left in the camp. On April 20, 1945 the camp was liberated by the Red Army.

## Notable inmates

* Kazimierz Laskowski, Polish Olympic medalist in fencing
# Oenopota casentina

Oenopota casentina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 13 mm, its diameter 5 mm.
(Original description) The small, white shell contains about five whorls, the protoconch decorticated. The whorls show a subangular shoulder in front of the anal fasciole. The axial sculpture consists of (on the penultimate whorl about 20) low, threadlike ribs extending from the shoulder to the succeeding suture, but more or less obsolete on the body whorl. The spiral sculpture consists of faint feeble striae on the fasciole. In front of the shoulder are numerous close-set flattish small threads, extending uniformly to the siphonal canal. The anal sulcus is shallow. The outer lip is slightly arcuate, the inner lip is erased. The columella is short, and straight. The siphonal canal is hardly differentiated.

## Distribution

This species was found in the Bering Sea, north of Unalaska.
# Karakaya, Çüngüş

Karakaya is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çüngüş, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 161 (2022).
# Ohatchecama

Ohatchecama (Yavapai: "Striking Enemy"; also known as Ocho-cama and Ah-oochy Kah-mah, among other variations) was a Tolkepaya Yavapai leader who was arrested for taking part in the Wickenburg Massacre. Fighting broke out between soldiers as they attempted to arrest the Yavapai leader, and Ohatchecama's brother was killed. The next day, Ohatchecama was seriously wounded while trying to escape and was reported dead, but survived his injuries and later turned up at Fort Date Creek.
# Lesotho Trade Union Congress

The Lesotho Trade Union Congress (LTUC) is a national trade union center in Lesotho. The organisation was first established in 1971. The group's secretary general, Moletsane Jonathan is a veteran leader of pro-BNP labour federations.
The group supported a protest march against the Public Service Bill in 1995.
# Lesotho Television

Lesotho Television is the state television channel of Lesotho which is operated by Lesotho National Broadcasting Services, the channel broadcasts in English and Sesotho languages.

## History

In the early 1970s, Lesotho only had television in two hotels as closed-circuit systems.
Lesotho Television was established in 1988 in an agreement with M-Net to provide a 15-minute service during the visit of Pope John Paul II to the country, during his papal trip to southern Africa in September of that year. The channel relied on M-Net's Open Time slot to broadcast the content, and was run under the budget and staff of Radio Lesotho. With the conclusion of the Papal trip, the government continued its transmission and sought to convert it to a full-service television station, by means of a budget vote. The training facility was subsequently converted to a television studio.
Gradually, LTV's programming slot increased from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, later to one hour and subsequently two hours. This agreement to broadcast LTV during M-Net's Open Time lasted until 1998. Up until this period, the channel's coverage was limited to the towns of Teyateyaneng, Maputsoe, Hlotse, Mafeteng and Maseru.
In 1998, LTV digitised its equipment by accepting an offer from the Chinese government who supplied equipment from Dayang. Such equipment was quickly discarded and replaced by ones from Avid Technology. Digital broadcasts also started, thanks to its relation with M-Net, which enabled it to be carried nationwide on DStv. The launch was performed by the prime minister of the period, Pakalitha Mosisili. The launch of satellite broadcasts enabled Lesotho Television to broadcast for four hours a day, from 6pm to 10pm.
LTV's long-time agreement with M-Net ended on 1 April 2002 when it signed an agreement with TVAfrica, the ill-fated attempt at creating a pan-African television network. The channel's broadcasting hours increased, but the schedule wouldn't change until May 2002. The switch to TVAfrica coincided with the end of its relations with M-Net, which transferred its terrestrial transmitter network to the government, in order to reach a larger proportion of the country's population. The new schedule and the changes within also coincided with the then-upcoming 2002 Lesotho general election.
As of 2022, LTV broadcasts daily from 6am to 10:30pm, on both digital terrestrial television and satellite.

## Coverage

LTV broadcasts on DStv channel 292 and by a network of digital terrestrial transmitter sites. In July 2022, 11 of the 21 transmitters were functional, some lacked equipment, were off air or were vandalised. Analogue signals were supposed to be switched off by 31 March 2023.

## Programming

LTV broadcasts 75% of its content in Sesotho and 25% in English. The main news in Sesotho is broadcast at 7:30pm. LTV also obtains programming from foreign sources, namely Voice of America, the BBC, Al-Jazeera, CGTN (CCTV) and the members of the Southern African Broadcasting Association.
# Oenopota raduga

Oenopota raduga is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 6.5 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Sea of Japan and off Kamchatka
# Leptrichillus

Leptrichillus minutus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Leptrichillus.
# Karl Wagner

Karl Wagner is the name of:
* Karl Edward Wagner (1945–1994), American writer of fantasy stories
* Karl Wagner (bobsleigh) (born 1907), Austrian bobsledder who competed in the early 1950s
* Karl Wagner (luger), German luger who competed in the 1920s
* Karl Willy Wagner (1883–1953), German pioneer in the theory of electronic filters
# Levi Steinhauer

Levi Steinhauer (born January 19, 1991) is a former Canadian football fullback who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted 40th overall by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the 2013 CFL Draft and signed with the team on May 30, 2013. Steinhauer played college football for the Saskatchewan Huskies. On November 10, 2015, Steinhauer was resigned for the 2016 CFL season. He was released by the Roughriders on February 1, 2017.
# Critical Mass (Ra album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Cryptic Rock | |
| Rock and Roll | Positive |
| Unsung Melody | 8/10 |
Critical Mass is the fourth studio album issued by the alternative metal band Ra. It was the group's first studio album publicly funded via Kickstarter. The album was made available for streaming via Loudwire on October 7, 2013.
This is the band's first album since its debut From One to feature drummer Skoota Warner.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sahaj Ticotin

## Personnel
### Ra

* Sahaj Ticotin – lead vocals, guitar, production
* Ben Carroll – guitar, backing vocals
* P.J. Farley – bass, backing vocals
* Skoota Warner – drums

### Additional

* Travis Montgomery – guitar (track 10)
* Paul Logus – mixing
# Critical Mass (book)

Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another, a non-fiction book by English chemist and physicist Philip Ball originally published in 2004, discusses the concept of a "physics of society". Ball discusses thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, Lewis Mumford, Emyr Hughes, and Gottfried Achenwall who have attempted to apply (or argue against the use of) physics, chemistry, or mathematics in the study of mass social phenomena. He also discusses how the concept relates to recent research, including his own.

## Physics of society

The outlines of Ball's Critical Mass, the most popular of his many noted books, beginning in various circa 2001 lectures, talks, and articles focused on what he calls a 'physics of society', similar to the social physics in the Auguste Comte sense, a subject Ball approaches using statistical mechanics viewing people as atoms or molecules that show characteristic behaviours in bulk. The following is an excerpt of his 2003 talk on the physical modeling of society:
    "There seem to be 'laws' [of] social systems that have at least something of the character of natural physical laws, in that they do not yield easily to planned and arbitrary interventions. Over the past several decades, social, economic and political scientists have begun a dialogue with physical and biological scientists to try to discover whether there is truly a 'physics of society', and if so, what its laws and principles are. In particular, they have begun to regard complex modes of human activity as collections of many interacting 'agents' - somewhat analogous to a fluid of interacting atoms or molecules, but within which there is scope for decision-making, learning and adaptation."
In his 2004 book, Ball summarizes this to the effect that "to develop a physics of society, we must take a bold step that some might regard as a leap of faith and others as preposterous idealization: particles become people." Nearly as soon as he gives this definition, however, Ball falls back on the two biggest hurdles to this perspective: that of the theories of being alive and of free will, both of which seem to contradict the physics viewpoint.

## Other topics

Other topics discussed in the book include the business cycle, random walks, phase transitions, bifurcation theory, traffic flow, Zipf's law, Small world phenomenon, catastrophe theory, the Prisoner's dilemma. The overall theme is one of applying modern mathematical models to social and economic phenomena.

## Awards

Critical Mass was the winner of the 2005 Aventis Prize for Science Books and the 2005 Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books.
# Karbach, Bavaria

Karbach (German: ) is a market community in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld.

## Geography
### Location

Karbach lies in the Würzburg Region.
The community has only one Gemarkung (traditional rural cadastral area), also called Karbach.

## History

As part of the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, Karbach passed with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803 to the Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim. In 1806 it became part of the mediatized Amt of Steinfeld, which in 1816 was ceded to Austria. In the Generalrezess of Frankfurt in 1819, it passed to Bavaria.

### Population development

Within town limits, 1,154 inhabitants were counted in 1970, 1,308 in 1987, in 2000 1,356 and in 2013 1,433.

## Politics

The mayor is Bertram Werrlein, in office since 2014.
Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €1,007,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €428,000.

### Coat of arms

The community’s arms might be described thus: Azure a fess wavy argent, in chief an eagle reguardant wings overt Or, in base an uppercase uncial N on which a cross of the last.

## Culture and sightseeing
### Jewish graveyard

Since 1983, a memorial stone here recalls the persecution and murder of Karbach’s, Homburg’s and Marktheidenfeld’s Jewish inhabitants, who fell victim to the Holocaust in National Socialist times.

## Economy and infrastructure

According to official statistics, there were 40 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls working in producing businesses in 1998. In trade and transport this was 28. In other areas, 26 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 571 such workers worked from home. Nobody was employed in processing businesses. Three businesses were in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there were 19 agricultural operations with a working area of 1 249 ha, of which 1 149 ha was cropland and 98 ha was meadowland.

### Education

In 1999 the following institutions existed in Karbach:
* Kindergartens: 50 place with 44 children
* Primary schools: 1 with 14 teachers and 252 pupils
# Karolinelund

Karolinelund was a Danish public park located in Aalborg, Denmark, at the eastern end of the city centre. It had an amusement park.

## History

Karolinelund was founded in 1946 by the brothers Volmer and Carl Lind and was later owned by Franck Bo Lind. In 2005, Lind sold the park to Torben "Træsko" Pedersen, who owned amusement facilities at Dyrehavsbakken. After only one season, Pedersen sold the park to Aalborg Kommune on 23 January 2007.
The park was called Tivoliland from the 1970s to 2005. When Pedersen bought the park in 2005, he changed the name to Tivoli Karolinelund and it later became known as, simply, Karolinelund, the original name of the area where the park is located.
The park closed after the 2010 season.
# Ohi-ike Dam

Ohi-ike is an earthfill dam located in Aichi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 901 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 2003 and completed in 2010.