OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# P2Y12

P2Y$_{12}$ is a chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that belongs to the G$_i$ class of a group of G protein-coupled (GPCR) purinergic receptors. This P2Y receptor family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. The P2Y$_{12}$ receptor is involved in platelet aggregation and is thus a biological target for the treatment of thromboembolisms and other clotting disorders. Two transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified for this gene.
In the field of purinergic signaling, the P2Y$_{12}$ protein on the periphery is found mainly but not exclusively on the surface of blood platelets, and is an important regulator in blood clotting. In the central nervous system, this receptor has been found expressed exclusively on microglia, where it is necessary for physiological and pathological microglial actions, such as monitoring neuronal functions and microglial neuroprotection.

## P2Y$_{12}$ antagonists

The drugs clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Efient, Effient), ticagrelor (Brilinta), and cangrelor (Kengreal) bind to this receptor and are marketed as antiplatelet agents.

### For acute coronary syndrome

The combination of a P2Y$_{12}$ inhibitor and aspirin, called dual antiplatelet treatment, remains the first-line treatment for acute coronary syndrome. A 2019 randomized trial suggested that prasugrel is superior to ticagrelor.

### Antiplatelet treatment of STEMI

In patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), US, European, and Canadian guidelines recommend that a P2Y$_{12}$ inhibitor should be administered as soon as possible, although it is unclear whether administration of these medications before the patient arrives at the hospital confers additional benefits compared with in-hospital administration.
On the other hand, P2Y$_{12}$ inhibitors do not change the risk of death when given as a pretreatment prior to routine PCI in people who have had a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Though, a P2Y$_{12}$ inhibitor in addition to aspirin should be administered for up to 12 months to most patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. They do however increase the risk of bleeding and decrease the risk of further cardiovascular problems. Thus their routine use in this context is of questionable value.
A network meta-analysis of 37 studies involving 88,402 STEMI patients and 5,077 major adverse cardiac events (MACE) patients found that use of prasugrel was associated with lower mortality and MACE than other drugs in this class (clopidogrel and ticagrelor).
# De Rachewiltz

De Rachewiltz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Boris de Rachewiltz (1926–1997), Italian Egyptologist
* Igor de Rachewiltz (1929–2016), Italian Mongolist
* Mary de Rachewiltz (born 1925), American poet and translator, wife of Boris
# Dawe Serara

Dawe Serara is a district of Oromia Region in Ethiopia.
# Kitsõ

Kitsõ is a village in Setomaa Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Kitsübozou Ward

Kitsübozou Ward is a ward located under Nagaland's capital city, Kohima. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 5 of the Kohima Municipal Council.

## Education

Educational Institutions in Kitsübozou Ward:

### Schools

* Kitsübozou Government Primary School
* Oking Christian School
* Tabitha Enabling Academy School
# Koba

Koba may refer to:

## Places

* Koba, Burkina Faso
* Koba, Indonesia, a town in Bangka-Belitung, Indonesia
* Koba, Faranah, Guinea
* Koba, Kindia, Guinea
* Koba Island, one of the Aru Islands of Indonesia
* Gupo Island, an island in Penghu County, Taiwan
* Fitzroy Island (Queensland), originally Koba, an island off the coast of Far North Queensland, Australia
* Niokolo-Koba National Park, a World Heritage Site and natural protected area in south eastern Senegal near the Guinea-Bissau border
* Niokolo-Koba Airport
* Kapitaï and Koba, two areas on the coast of West Africa which were the object of German colonial initiatives in 1884 and 1885. They lay between the Pongo and Dubréka rivers, south of Senegal and Gambia in modern Guinea

## People

* Koba, a nickname used by Joseph Stalin
* Koba (given name)
* Koba (surname), a Japanese surname

## Fictional figures

* Koba, a character from the 1883 novel The Patricide by Alexander Kazbegi
* Koba, a character from the 2011 film Warrior
* Koba, a fictional bonobo in the Planet of the Apes reboot series

## Arts

* Koba Entertainment
* Koba (play), a play by Raymond Williams, based on Stalin's life
* Koba the Dread, a 2002 non-fiction book by Martin Amis
* Koba LaD, real name Marcel Junior Loutarila, French rapper

## Others

* Koba language, a language of Indonesia
* Koba (sweet), a confectionery sweet
* Kutama Old Boys Association, Zimbabwe
* Koba, a plant that is indigenous to Ethiopia
# Dawn of Night

Dawn of Night is a fantasy novel by Paul S. Kemp, set in the world of the Forgotten Realms, and based on the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. It is the second novel in "The Erevis Cale Trilogy". It was published in paperback in June 2004. The Erevis Cale Trilogy was later reprinted as an omnibus in June 2010 (ISBN 978-0-7869-5498-8).

## Plot summary

Erevis Cale has gained more power and taken on more responsibility as a follower of the deity Mask.

## Reception

Critic Don D'Ammassa opined that "the story is quite well done, although you won't be particularly surprised by any of the plot twists."
# PK-Banken

PK Banken or Post & Kreditbanken, "the Post and Credit Bank", was a Swedish bank formed through the merger of Kreditbanken and the nationally owned Postbanken in 1974. After the purchase of several regional banks, which included "Nordbanken" ("The Northern Bank"), the entire bank took on that name. Nordbanken merged with the Finnish bank Merita in 1998 to form Merita-Nordbanken. Merita-Nordbanken merged in 2000 with the Danish Unibank to become Nordic Baltic Holding before acquiring the Norwegian Kreditkassen, and subsequently adopting the new Nordea brand in 2001.
# Koke Alexander

Alfred "Koke" Alexander (February 1, 1888 - death date unknown) was an American Negro leagues outfielder who played with several teams from 1918 to 1921. He played with the Dayton Marcos from 1918 to 1920 before splitting the 1921 season with both the Columbus Buckeyes and Chicago Giants. In 1922, he played for the Colored Men's Improvement team based in Dayton, Ohio.
# Deadwood River

The Deadwood River is a tributary of the Dease River in the far north of British Columbia, Canada. It forms the southeastern boundary of the Dease Plateau, which extends northward to the Yukon-British Columbia boundary and beyond.
# Knights Point

Knights Point is on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island.
The 1950s were a time of infrastructure development in New Zealand. A related project was the building by the Ministry of Works of a road from the South Island's east coast, across Haast Pass and up the west coast to join the road that terminated at Ross.
Progress was made by pushing the road across the Haast Pass to near the mouth of the Haast River where a bridge was constructed to take the road north along the coast. A second crew began construction south of Ross and progressed south.
The two teams met north of Haast, on the coast. As the time for the official opening of the road drew near, officials from the Ministry of Works journeyed to the meeting point to make arrangements for a commemorative monument by the roadside. In the course of conversation with the construction crew, it was mentioned that the location should be named after a senior official of the Ministry of Works employed in the head office in Wellington, the national capital.
The construction crew informed the delegation from Wellington that the area had already been named Knights Point. The officials inquired who "Knight" was and were informed that he was the surveyor's dog. Knights Point was named after Norman McGeorge's dog Knight.
The official opening of this last section of the highway that is now State Highway 6 was on 6 November 1965.
Today the site includes a car park and viewing platform overlooking the coast towards Arnott Point, a resting area for New Zealand fur seals and occasionally elephant seals.
# Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad

The Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad was a 19th-century railway company in western Kentucky in the United States. It operated from 1877, when it purchased the Louisville, Paducah and Southwestern Railroad, until 1882, when it was purchased by the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad. It later made up part of the Illinois Central network and its former rights-of-way currently form parts of the class-II Paducah and Louisville Railway.
It connected with the Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad (the later Owensboro and Nashville Railroad and Railway) at Central City in Muhlenberg County.
# Pacific Abyss

Pacific Abyss is a three-part series on British television's (BBC1), which first aired in Sunday 17 August 2008. It is hosted by Kate Humble, Mike Smart and Mike deGruy with filming beginning in April/May 2007.
It is an underwater wildlife series which takes viewers into a 2,000 miles (3,200 km) adventure across the Pacific with a team of natural history filmmakers and deep water marine biologists. A 30-strong team took part in the expedition, to search for new species in the remote and unexplored areas. Micronesia has some of the deepest ocean trenches on the planet, with sheer walls often a few hundred metres from the islands' shores. These are the perfect locations for the search for new fish species. The teams explore World War II wrecks, steep drop offs and deep caverns.
Using the latest in scuba technology, the divers enter the least explored region of the ocean – the 'Twilight Zone', an area between 60 and 150 metres, including ROVs and a Newtsuit, allowing for extremely deep dives, as deep as 225 metres (738 ft), several new species were discovered.
As the expedition team near the end of their journey across Micronesia, it's a race against time for the extreme deep divers as they continue their search for new species, exploring different islands like the Rock Islands of Palau. The "Newtsuit" is a feat of submarine engineering – a bright yellow one-man submersible that Mike DeGruy has to master before he can venture even deeper into the Pacific abyss.
Team member Jo Ruxdon who described the whole series as "something new" in that people have never been able to dive to such depths in such remote places.

## Episode List
### 1. The Ghosts of Chuuk Lagoon

The team tests all the high tech recording and diving equipment before they head out to the Pacific Islands in Chuuk Lagoon. They visit the site of one of the most dramatic raids of World War II, before heading out to the open water in their ship, the Big Blue Explorer, a home away from home.

### 2. In Search of Giants

The team explores the reefs of Micronesia, visiting its reefs and islands. They look for many different kinds of fish, both known and unknown species. They find many different species, including the mandarin fish (pictured), a beautiful school of barracuda, and the very elusive manta rays.

### 3. Into The Abyss

As the Big Blue Explorer heads to their final destination at Palau Islands, they test out the very futuristic "Newtsuit", that could take divers to new depths, into the abyss.
# Day 6

Day 6 is a Canadian radio program hosted by Brent Bambury, which airs Saturdays on CBC Radio One. The show presents a mix of the week's stories, including both news and cultural or entertainment topics, predominantly through interviews.
At the end of each episode, the program presents a "Riffed from the Headlines" segment, in which clips from three songs are spliced together as a clue to a news story from the previous week to which listeners are invited to send in guesses. This feature was retained from a similar segment in Bambury's prior series Go.
The program debuted on September 11, 2010, in the time slot formerly held by Go.
# Knee buckle

Knee buckle may refer to:
* A fashion accessory used to fasten knee breeches at or just below the knee
* A shoe buckle used to fasten the knee-high boots just below the level of the knee.
* Knee buckling, a medical condition
# Pacific bearded brotula

The Pacific bearded brotula (Brotula clarkae) also known as the pink bearded cusk-eel or the red bearded cusk-eel is a species of cusk eel found in the Pacific Ocean. It is described as being reddish-brown with dark fins.

## Description

It averages around 45 cm (18 in), the largest specimen measured 115 cm (45 in). It contains around 108–118 dorsal soft rays, 27–28 pectoral rays and 78–89 analsoft rays. They also have 55–56 vertebrae.

## Distribution and habitat

The Pacific bearded brotula is widespread in the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to northern Peru in the south. This range includes the eastern coasts of Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and southern California, United States. Mature fish are benthopelagic and may be found at depths of up to 650 m (2,130 ft) below the surface, however, they are most commonly found in the range of 40–75 m (131–246 ft). Juveniles are commonly found on reefs.

## Behaviour

They are oviparous and characterized by larvae in midwater that are late post-flexion and transition stage.
# Deaf hearing

Deaf hearing refers to a condition in which deaf individuals are able to react to an auditory stimulus, without actually being able to hear it.
When patients are completely deaf in both ears they begin to rely more strongly on their other senses. Because hearing relies on external sound waves, a deaf patient will feel the vibrations, rather than relying on what would normally be perceived as sound. As a patient relies on "feeling" sounds rather than hearing them, they subconsciously hear with their sense of touch, therefore reacting to auditory stimuli without actually hearing sound.
Deaf patients also adapt to their disability by relying more on sight. While a patient with normal hearing relies on sound to perceive different things than they would by sight, the deaf use their sense of sight to observe things that would usually be perceived through hearing. For example, if a person were to walk into a room from an angle that could not be seen, a person with normal hearing would most likely detect them from hearing the door open. A deaf person might rely on changes in lighting patterns or the sympathetic movement of other objects in the room.
Similar compensations have long been noted among the blind.
# Kniphofia galpinii

Kniphofia galpinii, called the Galpin red-hot poker, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Kniphofia, native to Eswatini and South Africa. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Knipescar Common

Knipescar Common, or Knipe Scar, is an upland area in the east of the English Lake District, above the River Lowther, near Bampton, Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. The summit is "indefinite" but reaches 1,118 feet (341 m) and there are limestone outcrops and an ancient enclosure. Wainwright commends the views which include Blencathra to the north and "a continuous skyline of the higher Pennines."
Two ring cairns are scheduled monuments. The more northerly is the "ancient enclosure" described by Wainwright.
Immediately to the east of the southern part of Knipescar Common lies Shap Beck Quarry, an active limestone quarry.
# Death from a Distance

Death from a Distance is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Russell Hopton, Lola Lane and George F. Marion. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edward C. Jewell.
It was the first feature film broadcast on U.S. commercial television, on July 2, 1941, during the first week of official commercial broadcasts on NBC's New York television station WNBT-TV.

## Plot summary

While a distinguished astronomer is giving a lecture in a planetarium, a shot rings out and one of the audience members is found dead. A tough detective and a brassy female reporter lock horns as they both try to break the case.

## Cast

* Russell Hopton as Det. Lt. Ted Mallory
* Lola Lane as Kay Palmer
* George F. Marion as Jim Gray
* Lee Kohlmar as Prof. Ernst Einfeld
* John St. Polis as Prof. Trowbridge
* Lew Kelly as Det. Regan
* E.H. Calvert as District Attorney
* Wheeler Oakman as Langsdale, aka George Fremont
* Robert Frazer as Morgan
* Cornelius Keefe as Clay Gorman
* John Davidson as Ahmad Haidru
* John Dilson as Newspaper Editor McConnell
* Herb Vigran as the Police Photographer
# Dead cotton

Dead cotton (Coton mort) is immature cotton or underdeveloped cotton that has poor dye affinity and appears as white specks on a dyed fabric. Daniel Koechlin (1785–1871), who was a manufacturer and a chemist in Mulhouse, established the fact in 1848 that it is dead cotton fibers that resist dye. Other chemists such as Walter Crum, Albin Haller, and Herzog explored and contributed to the subject further. Crum discovered that dead fibers have very thin cell walls.

## Grading

Grading is the process of classifying cotton fibers based on certain parameters like the length of the staple, the strength of the fibers, and how even they are. There are ripe, unripe, and half-ripe cotton fibers in every lot of cotton, because the seed has fibers that grow at different maturity rates. Matured fibers are ones that have completed their growth process and have developed in all aspects. Cotton fiber has a cell wall and a lumen, and the cell wall thickens as the fiber matures. The cell wall makes up 50–80% of the cross-section of a mature cotton fiber, 30–45% of an immature cotton fiber, and less than 25% of a dead cotton fiber.
Dead or immature fibers show no tubular structure like matured fibers, instead they look like broad, solid, ribbon-like fibers which are almost transparent, with irregular twists.

### Microscopic view

When cotton fibers are analyzed and assessed through a microscope, dead fibers appear differently. Dead cotton fibers have thin cell walls. In contrast, mature fibers have more cellulose and a greater degree of cell wall thickening.
Microscopic views of dead fibers exhibit extremely thin cell walls; the fibers appear as flattened and slightly twisted tapes, with collapsed lumen.

## Significance

Dead cotton is observed as a serious defect in dyed fabrics. The problem is that it is apparent after it has been dyed. The dead fibers are difficult to spin; they lack twist and are brittle and weak. Dead fibers cause a poor surface appearance of the textile product, with increased nep grade and uneven dyeing. Any remedial action of dead cotton is really significant.

## Remedies

There are a few treatments that can help mitigate the effect of dead cotton in finished products.
* In yarn spinning, a process called combing is used to remove short and undesirable fibers which is referred to as "noil". The combing helps in reducing the immature fibers.
* Mercerization is a pretreatment that alters the fiber properties and avoids dead fibers, which helps in level dyeing.
* There are certain enzymes, such as cellulase, which can cut down on the protruding fibers and consequently reduce the dead fibers. The treatment is also called "depilling" or "biopolishing".
* Chitosan after-treatment helps in increasing the exhaustion of direct dyes and reducing the white specks caused by dead cotton. It produces superior results when redyed with a modest proportion of dye following chitosan treatment.
* There are certain direct dyes which have an ability to cover/dye dead cotton.
# Hsiao-ting Lin

Hsiao-ting Lin (Chinese: 林孝庭; born 1971) is a Taiwanese research fellow at the Hoover Institution who studies Greater China, including ethnopolitics, the Kuomintang, and Taiwan–United States relations during the Cold War.

## Biography

Lin was born in Taipei in 1971. He received a bachelor's degree in political science from National Taiwan University in 1994 and a master's degree in international law and diplomacy from National Chengchi University in 1997. He holds a D.Phil. in oriental studies from the University of Oxford, which he received in 2003.
The 2017 Kingstone Award for Most Influential Book of the Year in Taiwan was awarded for his book "Accidental State: Chiang Kai-shek, the United States, and the Making of Taiwan" (Harvard University Press, 2016).
In April 2008, Lin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

## Books

* Lin, Hsiao-ting. Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49. .Vancouver UBC Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-7748-5528-0
* Lin, Hsiao-ting. Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Routledge, 2013. ISBN 978-0-415-85540-2 OCLC 925300205
* Lin, Hsiao-ting. Accidental State: Chiang Kai-Shek, the United States, and the Making of Taiwan. Harvard University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-674-65981-0 OCLC 916684758
** Also published in Chinese: 意外的國度 : 蔣介石, 美國, 與近代台灣的形塑 = Accidental state : Chiang Kai-shek, the United States, and the making of Taiwan /
* Yi wai de guo du : Jiang Jieshi, Meiguo, yu jin dai Taiwan de xing su. by 林孝庭, transl. Zhongxian Huang ISBN 978-986-94425-3-4
* Lin, Hsiao-ting. Tai hai leng zhan jie mi dang an = The cold war between Taiwan and China : the declassified documents. 2015.
# Radusz

Radusz may refer to the following places:
* Radusz, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Radusz, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Radusz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# SOS Fairy Manu

SOS Fairy Manu (Portuguese: SOS Fada Manu) is a Brazilian children's animated series produced by TeamTO, Boutique Filmes and Lightstar Studios. It was broadcast on paid channel Gloob on July 13, 2015, The series has also aired on TV Brasil, TV Cultura and TV Brasil.
The series was nominated for the 5th International Emmy Kids Award in 2016.

## Story

Manu is a 10-year-old apprentice fairy godmother who lives under the guidance of her grandmother, an experienced retired fairy, in the enchanted kingdom. Her magic wand is an umbrella, and with it Manu will have to learn to study magic, fulfill wishes and face the witch Valquíria who always tries to dominate the kingdom. Manu counts on the help of the frog Duque and the troubled João in their adventures.
The soundtrack is composed by the guitarist Alessandro Penezzi and is entirely based on choro and its aspects.

## List of episodes

| Seasons | Episodes | Original airdate | Original airdate |
| Seasons | Episodes | Debut | End |
| 1 | 26 | July 13, 2015 | August 3, 2015 |
| 2 | 26 | November 7, 2016 | December 13, 2016 |
| 3 | 13 | November 16, 2018 | November 29, 2018 |
| 4 | 13 | September 16, 2019 | October 2, 2019 |
# Hval Sjokoladefabrikk

Hval sjokoladefabrikk is a chocolate factory in Sandefjord, Norway. It manufactures and markets confectionery made of chocolate and marzipan. It was established by Rolf Rune Forsberg at Pindsle in 1995 as Vestfold County’s only chocolate factory. The factory distributes its products throughout Norway along with some export abroad.

## History

In 1999, Hval Sjokoladefabrikk established its first distribution deal with a major grocery store chain in Norway, ICA Gruppen. Roughly 100 ICA grocery stores began selling their products. The products were also sold in Color Line ferries. Prior to 1999, their products were only found in Narvesen convenience stores and Esso gas stations. Other special distribution deals have included a local distribution agreement with Meny in Sandefjord. As of 2015, products were sold at a variety of stores, including Nille and Europris.
In 2000, investor Christen Sveaas purchased stocks making him the second-largest owner of Hval Sjokoladefabrikk ASA. Its founder, Rolf Rune Forsberg, remained the largest shareholder with 15 percent. Sveaas purchased 11.1 percent for NOK 2.7 million.