OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spain at the 1900 Summer Olympics

Spain competed at the modern Olympic Games for the first time at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

## Medalists

Gold medals were not given at the 1900 Games. A silver medal was given for first place, and a bronze medal was given for second. The International Olympic Committee has retroactively assigned gold, silver, and bronze medals to competitors who earned 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-place finishes, respectively, in order to bring early Olympics in line with current awards.
Pedro Pidal, 1st Marquess of Villaviciosa de Asturias got a silver medal in live pigeon shooting, but this event is not recognized by IOC as an official event as the winner was given a money award. Nevertheless, the Spanish Olympic Committee does recognize the medal.

### Gold

* José de Amézola y Aspizúa and Francisco Villota — Basque pelota

## Results by event
### Basque pelota

Spain's first Olympic appearance included a two-man team in pelota. There were only two teams registered for the tournament, however the French duo were unable to attend the game. The French team thus lost by forfeit, and Spain won the gold medal.
| Team | Event | Final | Rank |
| Team | Event | Opposition Result | Rank |
| José de Amézola y AspizúaFrancisco Villota | Two-men team | Maurice Durquetty/Etchegaray (FRA) W | |

### Equestrian

Spain had one equestrian compete in 1900; his place in the mail coach event is unknown except that he was not in the top 4.
| Equestrian | Event | Result | Rank |
| Luis Antonio de Guadalmina | Mail coach | Unknown | 5–51 |

### Fencing

Spain appeared in fencing in the nation's debut appearance.
| Fencer | Event | Round 1 | Round 1 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Repechage | Repechage | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Fencer | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Mauricio Ponce de Léon | Men's foil | Advanced | Advanced | Not advanced | Not advanced | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Mauricio Ponce de Léon | Men's épée | Unknown | 3–6 | did not advance | did not advance | — | — | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Mauricio Ponce de Léon | Men's sabre | Unknown | 1–4 Q | — | — | — | — | Unknown | 5–8 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Rowing

Spain sent a coxed fours boat and a single sculler to compete in the rowing events.
| Boat | Event | Round 1 | Round 1 | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Boat | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Antonio Vela | Men's single sculls | DNF | — | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Réal Club Barcelona Juan Camps MasJosé Fórmica CorsiRicardo Margarit CalvetOrestes QuintanaAntonio Vela (cox) | Men's coxed four | — | — | 6:38.4 | 2 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Hampshire Advertiser

The Hampshire Advertiser was a British local, broadsheet newspaper, based in Southampton, Hampshire. It ran from 1823 until 1940.
Edward Langdon Oke (1775–1840), a corn merchant in the older part of the city (High Street), was credited with establishing the Hampshire Advertiser (previously the "Herald"). Oke, originally from Sherborne, was elected to the Town Council of Southampton and appointed Consul at Southampton for the Kingdom of Hanover by Prince Regent George IV in 1818.
# Hannah L. Wessling

Hannah Louise Wessling (May 26, 1873 – January 18, 1960) was an American chemist, billed as "Uncle Sam's Bread Maker" during World War I.

## Early life and education

Wessling was from Cincinnati, Ohio, the daughter of John Henry Wessling and Mary Dorothea Rabbe Wessling. Her father and her maternal grandparents were born in Germany. She graduated from Woodward High School in 1894.

## Career

Wessling taught chemistry in Cincinnati as a young woman. In the 1910s and 1920s, Wessling worked for the United States Department of Agriculture in Chicago and later in Washington, D.C. She was a food scientist, testing flours and creating optimal recipes and equipment for home baking, using alternative ingredients or varying pan sizes. "Miss Wessling has devoted considerable time--thirteen years--in the work of making bread, jellies, preserves, and canning fruit, and later analyzing them as a chemist," explained one 1910 newspaper report. Her work took on particular relevance during World War I, when food conservation required some substitutions in traditional recipes, and working women sought more efficient and economical ways to bake.
Wessling was a home economist for the Northwest Yeast Company from 1922 into the 1940s. She spoke at the American Home Economics Association meeting in Buffalo in 1924.

## Publications

* "Use of Wheat Flour Substitutes in Baking" (1918)
* "The Chemical Analysis of Wheat-flour Substitutes and of the Breads Made Therefrom" (1920, with Joseph Arthur Le Clerc)
* Baking in the Home (1921)
* "Home-Breadmaking is Simple" (1931)

## Personal life

Wessling lived in California in her later years. She died in 1960, at the age of 86.
# Hannah Lavery

Hannah Lavery (born 1977) is a Scottish short story writer, poet, playwright and performer. Her poetry and prose has been published by Gutter Magazine, The Scotsman newspaper, 404 Ink, and others. In September 2021 she took on the role of Edinburgh Makar.

## Work

Lavery's poetry pamphlet, Finding Seaglass: Poems from The Drift was published by Stewed Rhubarb Press in May 2019. She has also been a featured poet at many spoken word and poetry nights including Neu! Reekie!, Sonnet Youth, and festivals including Stanza Poetry Festival and Edinburgh International Book Festival. Lavery was awarded a Megaphone Residency for Artists of Colour by The Workers' Theatre in 2016.
The Drift, her autobiographical play, was produced by National Theatre of Scotland and went on tour in 2019.
Lavery's Lament for Sheku Bayoh, commissioned by the Royal Lyceum Theatre, was performed as a work in progress as part of the Edinburgh International Festival 2019. Over the following year, the play was completed and reimagined for a digital audience and streamed from the stage of the Royal Lyceum Theatre as part of a National Theatre of Scotland, Edinburgh International Festival and Royal Lyceum Theatre co-production in 2020. Sheku Bayoh was a 31-year-old gas engineer, husband and father of two who died in police custody in his home town, Kirkcaldy, Fife, on 3 May 2015. A personal response to this tragic event, Lament for Sheku Bayoh throws up questions of identity, community, and belonging in Scotland today, and is an instruction and a reflection on a life lost and the society—our society—who lost it and looked the other way. Critic Mark Fisher, writing in The Guardian, described the work as "...impassioned, poetic and alive with political import." Joyce McMillan writing in The Scotsman described the production as "a beautiful and shattering ritual of rage and mourning that – in the year of George Floyd and Black Lives Matter – is both painfully familiar, and new in its insistence that here too, in bonnie Scotland, black people sometimes cannot breathe, purely because of the colour of their skin." The play was written and directed by Lavery. The cast were Saskia Ashdown, Patricia Panther and Courtney Stoddart, with music by Beldina Odenyo/Heir of the Cursed.
She has contributed to the BBC Radio 4 series The Poet and the Echo, and has been announced as one of Imaginate's Accelerator artists, where she will work on a new piece of writing for ages 10+ called The Protest. The work will explore the moments, the encounters and the individual and collective journey to The Protest and to activism of three young people.

## Awards

In November 2019, Lavery was awarded a New Playwright Award from Playwrights Studio Scotland and was named in The List magazine's Scottish Theatre Hot List for 2019. In 2020, she was named as one on BBC Writers Room Scottish Voices of 2020, as well as being chosen by poet and playwright Owen Sheers as one of ten writers currently asking questions that will shape the UK's future, as part of the British Council and National Centre for Writing's International Literature Showcase.
# Han Nijssen

Han Nijssen (1935– 2013) was a Dutch ichthyologist.
Nijssen was born in Amsterdam and obtained his PhD at the University of Amsterdam in May 1970 with the dissertation Revision of the Surinam catfishes of the genus Corydoras. Later he was a curator at Zoölogisch Museum in Amsterdam. Nijssen worked extensively with fish from South America, and was the author of several species, e.g. Corydoras weitzmani and Corydoras xinguensis. Collaborating with Isaäc Isbrücker he described, among others, the group Hypancistrus and the species Hypancistrus zebra and Corydoras panda. He also collaborated with Sven O. Kullander.

## Taxa named in his honor

* The species Corydoras nijsseni and Apistogramma nijsseni are named after him.
* Metaloricaria nijsseni is named after him.
* Leporinus nijsseni

## Publications (incomplete)

* Han Nijssen & S.J. de Groot, De vissen van Nederland. (1987)
* Sven O. Kullander & Han Nijssen, The Cichlids of Surinam: Teleostei: Labroidei (1989)
* Han Nijssen, Veldgids Zeevissen ("Field guide for saltwater fish"), KNNV 2009, ISBN 9789050111393
# Hanns Alexander

Hanns Alexander (6 May 1917 – 23 December 2006) was a German Nazi hunter who tracked down and arrested Gustav Simon, a Nazi Party official, and Rudolf Höss, the Kommandant of Auschwitz.

## Life

Born in Berlin to father Alfred Alexander and mother Henny Alexander, he grew up with his twin brother Paul in a wealthy household. His father was a prominent physician who counted many well-known actors, artists, and scientists, including Albert Einstein, among his friends and patients. In 1936, after being tipped off that he was on a Gestapo arrest list, Alfred remained in London where he was visiting a daughter, and managed to help the rest of his family emigrate to England via Switzerland.
In September 1939, after the outbreak of the Second World War, Alexander volunteered for the British Army, but was refused as an enemy alien. He managed to join the Royal Pioneer Corps as a private in 1940, attended officer training in 1943, and in 1945 was an interpreter at interrogations of guards and staff at the newly liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
"Gripped by a righteous anger," and having learned that Rudolf Höss, the former Auschwitz Kommandant, had gone into hiding, Alexander asked his superiors for permission to track down fugitive war crimes suspects, but was denied. He embarked on a search for Höss in his spare time, and when the "No. 1 War Crimes Investigation Team" was formed by the British government in mid-1945 he was asked to join, and became a full-time Nazi hunter. His first major success was tracking down and arresting in December 1945 Gustav Simon, who was, as the Nazi Gauleiter in the Moselland Gau from 1940 until 1944, the Chief of the Civil Administration in Luxembourg, which was occupied at that time by Nazi Germany. In Luxembourg, Simon was responsible for the early and speedy deportation of the Jewish population, and the executions of resistance fighters.
Alexander arrested Rudolf Höss on 11 March 1946 in Gottrupel (Germany), where he lived disguised as a gardener and called himself Franz Lang. Höss's wife had given up his address after Alexander beat her teenage son and threatened to send him to Siberia — something he would not have been able to do. Höss initially denied his identity "insisting he was a lowly gardener, but Alexander saw his wedding ring and ordered Höss to take it off, promising to cut off his finger if he didn't. Höss' name was inscribed inside. The Jewish soldiers accompanying Alexander began to beat Höss with axe handles. After a few moments and a minor internal debate, Alexander pulled them off."
After the war, Alexander had a long professional career as a merchant banker at S.G. Warburg. He died in London at age 89.
His story is told in the book Hanns and Rudolf by Thomas Harding.
# Soviet prisoners of war

The following articles deal with Soviet prisoners of war.
* Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–24)
* Soviet prisoners of war in Finland during World War II (1939–45)
* Nazi crimes against Soviet prisoners of war during World War II (1941–45)
* Badaber Uprising of Soviet soldiers held in Pakistan in 1985
# Speckled black salamander

The speckled black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus), previously known as just the black salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the U.S. state of California. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomy

Previously, it was referred to as the black salamander, and was thought to have a fragmented range across most of California and southern Oregon. However, a 2019 taxonomic study found it to represent a species complex of multiple species: the speckled black salamander (A. flavipunctatus sensu stricto), the Shasta black salamander (A. iecanus), the Santa Cruz black salamander (A. niger), and the Klamath black salamander (A. klamathensis). These were thus split off as distinct species.

## Description

The speckled black salamander can grow to 60 to 75 millimeters (2.4 to 3.0 in) long. The color varies, black with coarse can be the color or fine white spots, black with yellow spots, or black with a grayish or greenish sheen. The underside is paler. Juveniles are greenish-gray or bronze and have yellow at the base of their legs.

## Distribution and habitat

The speckled black salamander is found in forested areas and grassland in the coastal ranges of California, mostly at elevations below 600 meters (2,000 ft) but occasionally up to 1,700 meters (5,600 ft). It ranges from southern Humboldt and Trinity counties south to southwestern Sonoma and northern Napa counties. An Aneides population in Glenn County may be of this species but this is debated. In the southern part of its range it hides under logs and rocks in damp places and stream banks in woodland. Northern populations are found in more open country and in the far north of its range it is found among mossy rocks and scree.

## Biology

The speckled black salamander is mostly terrestrial but has a prehensile tail so may sometimes climb as does the related arboreal salamander Aneides lugubris. It feeds on small invertebrates such as millipedes, beetles, ants and termites. Juveniles have a similar diet but include flies and springtails. Like other plethodont salamanders, it is mainly nocturnal and hides during the day.
The breeding habits of the speckled black salamander have been little studied. The eggs are laid in July or August in underground chambers, where they are attached by short stalks to the moist soil. The female seems to guard the eggs until they hatch. In captivity, the black salamander is aggressive towards its own species and adults in the wild are often scarred, so the species is probably territorial. In the laboratory it has been known to bite the western garter snake when attacked.

## Status

The speckled black salamander is listed as least concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In some areas it has been displaced by the planting of vineyards. In addition, this listing is based on the previous definition of the species (prior to other species being split off), when it was thought to have a wider range.
# Hands Out of My Pocket

"Hands Out of My Pocket" was a 1994 single from Australian rock band Cold Chisel, the first from the album Teenage Love. It reached number 9 in the Australian charts.

## Details

Teenage Love was a compilation album that collected studio recordings, many just demos, that the band had previously not released. "Hands Out of My Pocket" was originally demoed for the album East and was included in some later reissues of the album as a bonus track. Don Walker later said the song was really only played once and author Jimmy Barnes can be heard yelling out chord changes on the recording.
Glenn A. Baker said the song was inspired by, "a bizarre incident on Christmas Day where a Hare Krishna cousin of Jimmy's conducted a self-immolation rite in a bathtub."

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 9 |

## Recording credits

* Jimmy Barnes - vocals
* Ian Moss - guitar
* Don Walker - piano
* Steve Prestwich - drums
* Phil Small - bass

## Footnotes

* ↑ "New Release Summary – Product Available from : 29/08/94 > Singles (from The ARIA Report Issue No. 237)". Imgur.com (original document published by ARIA). Retrieved 21 April 2017.
* ↑ "COLD CHISEL - HANDS OUT OF MY POCKET (SONG)". australiancharts.com.
* ↑ Michael Lawrence (2017). Cold Chisel: Wild Colonial Boys. Melbourne, Victoria: Melbourne Books. p. 183. ISBN 9781925556209.
* ↑ Glenn A. Baker (14 January 1995). "Warner's "New"Cold Chisel Album Is Hot Down Under". Billboard.
* ↑ "Cold Chisel – Hands Out of My Pocket". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
# Soğuksu, Köprüköy

Soğuksu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Köprüköy, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 370 (2022).
# Sphegina crinita

Sphegina crinita is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae found in Malaysia and Indonesia. It's easily identified by its superior lobes, the left side one being pushed over the medial line of the hypandrium to the right side so that the right side one seems bilobed. Otherwise, the genitalia are nearly identical to those in S. fimbriata.

## Etymology

The name comes from Latin ‘crinita’, meaning ‘long-haired’, referring to the long setae on the male superior lobe.

## Description

Like other species in its genus, S. crinita is small, slender, and wasp-like. In male specimens, the body length is 6.4–6.9 millimeters (5.8–6.2 in females). The wings are 4.7–5.5 millimeters long (4.0–4.4 in females), hyaline, microtrichose (bare on baso-medial ¼ of cell and only weakly microtrichose on cell cup) with brownish stigma. The face is black, the ventral ⅓ to ½ yellow; concave with a very weakly developed frontal prominence and long pilose along the eye-margin. The gena is yellow to dark yellow; mouth edge dark brown to black with a large, subtriangular, non-pollinose shiny area; occiput black with light yellow pilose. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown with black setae dorsally; the basal flagellomere light-brown to yellow, oval to subrectangular; arista long and pilose, about three times as long as the basal flagellomere. Frons and vertex black, a subtriangular area posterior of the lunula non-pollinose and shiny. Thorax dark brown to black, postpronotum light yellow to brown-yellow; scutellum black, subrectangular, and shiny. The pro- and mesoleg are yellow with tarsomeres 3–5 black; metaleg with coxa black, trochanter yellow; femur black with basal ⅓ yellow, strongly incrassate; tibia black and yellow biannulate, with long and wide apicoventral dens; tarsus entirely black with a thick basal tarsomere. Females are similar to males except for normal sexual dimorphism.
# Sphegina clunipes

Sphegina clunipes is a Palearctic species of hoverfly.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera Males: The abdomen bulges only slightly at end. The width to tergite 4 about equal to length of sternite 4 and in the form of a slightly broadened rectangle toward back side, about twice as long as wide. Frons relatively broad. Surstyli narrow and long; length about four times width. Females: width of sternite 4 about 1.5 times length. Body length 6.0 to 7.0mm. See references for determination.

## Distribution

Palearctic Fennoscandia South to the Pyrenees and Spain. Ireland East through Central Europe and Southern Europe into European Russia and the Caucasus; through Siberia and the Russian Far East to Japan.

## Habitat

Woodland.

## Biology

Flies up to 2m from in dappled sunlight or shade at the edge of clearings, in woodland glades, along tracks and beside streams usually near water from May to September. Flowers visited include Cardamine pratensis, Crataegus, Euphorbia, Geranium pratense, Geranium robertianum, Potentilla erecta, Prunus spinosa, Ranunculus, Rubus fruticosus, Sanicula, Stachys, Veronica.
# Hansen Yuncken

Hansen Yuncken is an Australian construction company, founded in 1918.

## History

Hansen Yuncken was founded in Melbourne, Australia in 1918 by Lauritz Hansen and Otto Yuncken. In 1925 a regional branch opened in Shepparton. Further branches were opened in Hobart in 1937 and Adelaide in 1939.
In the late 1960s a Northern Territory office opened. In 1989, the company commenced operations in New South Wales, initially in joint venture, but now operating in its own right. In 2006 an office opened in Newcastle to serve the Hunter Valley. In 2007 and 2009 offices opened in Cairns and Townsville.

## Notable projects

Notable projects completed by Hansen Yuncken have included:
* Adelaide Airport new terminal
* Adelaide Botanic Garden Bicentennial Conservatory
* Adelaide Casino
* Adelaide Entertainment Centre extension
* Alfred Hospital Main Ward Block
* Bank of New South Wales Building
* Boyer Mill
* Coomera Indoor Sports Centre
* Council House 2
* Emporium Melbourne
* Glen Eira Sports & Aquatic Centre
* Hobart railway station
* Launceston Airport terminal building
* Museum of Old & New Art
* Myponga Reservoir, joint venture with John Holland
* Newcastle Airport expansion
* Orange Base Hospital
* Royal Adelaide Hospital, joint venture with Leighton Contractors
* Richmond Oval grandstand
* Royal Hobart Hospital
* Queensland State Netball Centre
* Sydney Coliseum Theatre
# Spencer Gray (priest)

Spencer Cyril Gray (1890, Tottenham - 1981, Fredericton) was Dean of Fredericton from 1939 to 1960.
He was educated at East London College, and then at St Chad's College, Regina and ordained in 1914. After a curacy at St Peter's Qu'Appelle he held incumbencies in Yellow Grass, McLeod, Burton, Stanley and Woodstock before being appointed Archdeacon of Fredericton in 1939.
# Spay

Spay may refer to:
* Spaying, the neutering of a female animal
* Spay, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
* Spay, Sarthe, a commune in the Sarthe departement, France
* SPAY, the ICAO airport code for Tnte. Gral. Gerardo Pérez Pinedo Airport in Atalaya, Peru
# Hao Yun (translator)

Hao Yun (Chinese: 郝运; 1925 – 10 June 2019) was a Chinese translator. Over a career spanning seven decades, he translated more than 60 works from French to Chinese. He was conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation by the Translators Association of China.

## Biography

Hao was born as Hao Liandong (郝连栋) in 1925 in Nanchang, Jiangxi, Republic of China. He graduated from Department of French Literature of the Sino-French University, which was exiled in Kunming during the Second Sino-Japanese War, in 1946.
From 1947 to 1953 Hao worked for the Red Cross Society of China in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Beijing. After 1953, he worked as an editor at Pingming Publishing House (平明出版社) and Shanghai Xinwenyi Publishing House (上海新文艺出版社). He resigned from his job in 1958 because of lung disease.
After his disease was cured, he dedicated himself to translating French literature into Chinese and joined the Shanghai Translation Institute in 1961. From 1979 he worked at Shanghai Translation Publishing House. Over a career that lasted 70 years, he translated more than 60 French works, including The Red and the Black, The Charterhouse of Parma, The Black Tulip, Letters from My Windmill, and Selected Novels of Daudet. He was also an editor for French-Chinese Dictionary.
Hao was a member of the China Writers Association. In 2015, he was conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation by the Translators Association of China.
Hao died on 10 June 2019 at Renji Hospital in Shanghai, at the age of 94.