OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule

In organic chemistry, the Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule states that the number of stereoisomers of an organic compound containing no internal planes of symmetry is 2$^n$, where n represents the number of asymmetric carbon atoms. French chemist Joseph Achille Le Bel and Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff both announced this hypothesis in 1874 and that this accounted for all molecular asymmetry known at the time.
As an example, four of the carbon atoms of the aldohexose class of molecules are asymmetric, therefore the Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule gives a calculation of 2$^4$ = 16 stereoisomers. This is indeed the case: these chemicals are two enantiomers each of eight different diastereomers: allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, and talose.
    Four asymmetric carbon atoms in glucose (the four carbon–oxygen bonds marked in red)
# Le Fossat

Le Fossat (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

## Geography

The Lèze flows northwest through the middle of the commune and crosses the village.
# Layout

In general terms, a layout is a structured arrangement of items within certain limits, or a plan for such arrangement.
Specifically, layout may refer to:
* Page layout, the arrangement of visual elements on a page
** Comprehensive layout (comp), a proposed page layout presented by a designer to their client
* Layout (computing), the process of calculating the position of objects in space
* Layout engine, another name for web browser engine, the core software that displays content in a web browser
* Automobile layout, a description of the locations of the engine and drive wheels on a vehicle
* Integrated circuit layout, the representation of an integrated circuit in geometric shapes
* Keyboard layout, an arrangement of the keys on a typographic keyboard
* Model railroad layout, a diorama with tracks for operating scaled-down trains
* Layout (dominoes), the tableau in a domino game
* Layout or marking out, the transfer of a design onto a workpiece in manufacturing
* Plant layout study, an engineering study to analyze physical configurations for a manufacturing plant
* Layout, a specific version of the splits, a position in which the legs are extended in opposite directions
* Process layout, a floor plan of a plant that arranges equipment according to its function
* Product layout, a floor plan of a plant in which work stations and equipment are ordered by assembly sequence
# Layou River

The Layou River is a river in Dominica. It rises in the interior of the country, flowing westward to reach the Caribbean Sea on the country's central western coast, very close to the town of St. Joseph. It is the longest and deepest river in Dominica. With a total length of 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long.

## Disaster

The river is prone to flooding. Matthieu Dam, which is located near the end of the river, has collapsed multiple times. It started in the year 1997 when landslides, due to heavy rainfall blocked portions of the river. In the year 2011, the river flooded twice, in July and October. This poses a major threat to the Layou village. There were no deaths, but it affected 13 dwellings.
# Lazarsfeld

Lazarsfeld is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Paul Lazarsfeld (1901–1976), Austrian-American sociologist
* Robert Lazarsfeld (born 1953), American mathematician
* Sophie Lazarsfeld (1881–1976), Austrian-American therapist and writer
# Le Républicain (Niger)

Le Républicain is a French-language weekly newspaper in the Nigerien capital of Niamey. The newspaper is published every Thursday, and run from offices at the Place du Petit Marché, Niamey. Le Républicain was founded in 1991, with the relaxing of media laws, by Maman Abou, a computer technician and political organiser. The newspaper is independent of the government, and was often highly critical of President of Niger Tandja Mamadou. The newspaper continues to be owned and operated by Maman Abou, who also owns Niger's largest independent publishing house. An online version launched in 1999.
# Le Rénovateur

Le Rénovateur is the only French-language newspaper in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is published weekly by the Lao Press in Foreign Languages, which is a specialised agency of the Ministry of Information and Culture
It was started in 1998 after the communist government decided to start a new policy in order to open the country. It was helped in the beginning by the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, an international organisation that promotes the French language, especially in Africa and in South-East Asia. Its first editor-in-chief was Douangta Manokoun, with the support of a French advisor, Michel Leroy. Since the newspaper's 200th edition, FrancoNet Canada has helped it to publish on-line. The French Cultural Center of Vientiane pays someone to correct the articles written by Laotian journalists.
Le Rénovateur is sometimes described as a propaganda newspaper by the opposition living abroad. In 2003, Le Rénovateur published an interview with Mr Phivath, the lawyer of Thierry Falise and Vincent Reynaud, European journalists arrested because they were investigating reports of the war between the Laotian Army and the country's Hmong tribespeople in the jungle of Saysomboun special zone. The interviews were censored, but received the Prix de la libre expression (Free-Speech Prize), given by the Union de la Presse Francophone.
Also in 2003, Le Rénovateur published stories about working in garment sweat shops, film censorship at the beginning of the socialist revolution, and the difficulties of being gay in Vientiane.
Created by Soumsanouk Mixay, the newspaper was taken over Savankhone Razmountry in 2003.
# Le baiser et la quittance

Le baiser et la quittance, ou Une aventure de garnison (The Kiss and the Receipt, or A Garrison Adventure) is an opera by the composers Étienne Méhul, François-Adrien Boieldieu, Rodolphe Kreutzer and Nicolas Isouard. It takes the form of an opéra bouffon in three acts. It premiered at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 18 June 1803. The libretto is by Picard, Longchamps and Dieulafoy. The work was a failure and only ran for four performances.
# Leam

Leam or LEAM may refer to:

## Places

* River Leam, a river in Warwickshire, England
* Leam, Derbyshire, a hamlet in Derbyshire, England
* Leam Lane Estate, a housing estate in Gateshead, England
* Royal Leamington Spa, a town in Warwickshire, England
* Leam, a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
* Leam West Bog, a national nature reserve in County Galway, Ireland
* Bevill's Leam, an artificial drainage cutting at Pondersbridge, England
* Morton's Leam, a large artificial drainage channel in the Fens, England

## People with the given name

* Leam Richardson (born 1979), English footballer

## Other uses

* Land Use Evolution and Impact Assessment Model, a computer model
* Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites, a lunar science experiment
* Almería Airport, Spain, by ICAO code
# Lažánky (Strakonice District)

Lažánky is a municipality and village in Strakonice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Lažánky lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Strakonice, 66 km (41 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 88 km (55 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Laws of work

Laws of work may refer to:
* Laws of thermodynamics in physics
* Labour law, mediating the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government
# Laws protecting monuments by country

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] Throughout the world, different laws exist that protect monuments.

## International law

Under international criminal law, monuments are considered a type of cultural heritage and their systematic destruction is prohibited by various international agreements.

## By country
### Austria

Austrian laws protecting and preserving monuments have existed since 1853. The current law dates from 1923, and also protects the historic centers of Salzburg, Graz, and Vienna. The Federal Monuments Office oversees monuments protection.

### Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Commission to Preserve National Monuments oversees monuments in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

### France

The number of protected monuments in France has increased, so has the budget for maintaining them.

### Germany

German law protects monuments from being destroyed during redevelopment.

### Hungary

Like other countries, Hungary has laws to regulate and protect historical monuments.

### Thailand

The main legislation covering the protection of historical monuments in Thailand is the Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art and National Museums, B.E. 2504 (1961).

### United Kingdom

In the UK, a bill against desecration of war memorials is being considered.

### United States

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 protects historic sites in the United States, including monuments.
A Pennsylvania law states that a person commits a misdemeanor of the second degree if he: (1) intentionally desecrates any public monument or structure, or place of worship or burial; or (2) intentionally desecrates any other object of veneration by the public or a substantial segment thereof in any public place; Desecrate means defacing, damaging, polluting or otherwise physically mistreating in a way that the actor knows will outrage the sensibilities of persons likely to observe or discover the action.
# Le Buisson, Marne

Le Buisson (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.
# Learn Local

Learn Locals are organisations in Victoria, Australia whose members deliver pre-accredited training and other education programs in community settings. They are independent and not-for-profit organisations that are run by a board and management team. To be a Learn Local provider, an organisation must be registered with the Adult, Community and Further Education (ACFE) Board. The ACFE Board is a statutory authority under the Education and Training Reform Act 2006.
There are over 200 Learn Local providers across regional, rural and metropolitan Victoria. Every year, over 29,000 Victorians undertake government subsidised education and training programs through registered Learn Local providers.
Learn Local providers are funded by the ACFE Board to deliver pre-accredited and other programs. Pre-accredited training builds skills for further study or to get a job.

## History

Since 2011, Learn Local providers that are registered and funded by the ACFE Board to deliver pre-accredited training and other programs are known in Victoria as the Learn Local sector.
Learn Local providers are part of the broader adult and community education sector, which had its origins in the Mechanics Institutes established in the 1840s and the Centre for Adult Education, which was established in 1947. In the 1970s and 1980s, Neighbourhood houses and learning centres began to offer learning programs for their communities. The majority originated out of the women’s movement and were staffed by and run for women. Many of these Neighbourhood houses and community centres are now also Learn Local providers.

## Funding

Learn Local providers are funded by the ACFE Board on behalf of the Victorian Government to deliver pre-accredited training.
# Learn Chinese (song)

"Learn Chinese" is the first single released from Jin's debut album The Rest Is History. The song features Wyclef Jean, who produced and co-wrote the track. At first, the song was a buzz song. But, later, it turned into the first single for Jin's debut album due to its success. This single has been said to be Jin's signature song. To date the single is still Jin's most successful song and single in his music career. The single was featured on an episode of The Andy Milonakis Show. It went gold in China and was high at one point in the US but never achieved gold success there.
"Learn Chinese" contains samples from James Brown's "Blind Man Can See It"; it also contains elements of Yellowman's "Mr. Chin". The song has background vocals from Ayeesha.

## Track lists and formats
### CD

* "Learn Chinese" (4:06)
* "Little Hungry" (3:52)
* "Check the Clock" (5:43)
* "Learn Chinese" (Video)

### 2-track promo CD

* "Learn Chinese" (Radio Edit) (4:04)
* "Learn Chinese" (Instrumental) (4:30)

### 5-inch single

* "Learn Chinese" (4:06)
* "Little Hungry" (3:52)
* "Check the Clock" (5:43)
* "Learn Chinese" [Multimedia Track]

### 12-inch single

A-side
* "Learn Chinese" (Radio Edit) (4:04)
* "Learn Chinese" (Explicit Version) (4:32)
B-side
* "Learn Chinese" (Instrumental) (4:30)
* "Learn Chinese" (Acapella [Clean]) (4:27)

## Music video

The music video for "Learn Chinese" was shot in Washington DC's Chinatown, using the Friendship gate as a backdrop. The video featured Wyclef Jean and Ayeesha. The video also had a cameo appearance by rapper Yung Mac. In the video Jin plays two characters: one who looks like a mob boss; the other, a normal Chinese food delivery employee. It starts with a man tired of delivering Chinese food who is then hit by a car. A woman then helps him up but at the same time, a mob boss is seen on his way to a restaurant. The guy notices an Asian woman getting kidnapped, the same woman who helped him up after he got hit by the car. He chases the mob boss and his crew, but is caught by the mob boss' body guards. He then is confronted by the mob boss. He manages to get away and is led to a karate lesson. He gets through them and gets the Asian woman out of there. They get out of the restaurant and are confronted again with the mob boss and his crew. Knowing he is out matched, he still begins to fight them. Just before the fighting begins, the video switches to a "To be continued.." screen.

## Charts

| Chart (2003–04) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 40 |
| Australian Urban (ARIA) | 14 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 74 |
| UK Singles Chart | 59 |
# Le Testament

Le Testament is a collection of poetry composed in 1461 by François Villon. Le Testament, comprising over twenty essentially independent poems in octosyllabic verse, consists of a series of fixed-form poems, namely 16 ballades and three rondeaux, and is recognized as a gem of medieval literature.

## Analysis

The 2,023 lines of the Testament are marked by the immediate prospect of death by hanging and frequently describe other forms of misery and death. It mixes reflections on the passing of time, bitter derision, invective, and religious fervor. This mixed tone of tragic sincerity stands in contrast to the other poets of the time.
In one of these poems, Ballade des dames du temps jadis ("Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past"), each stanza and the concluding envoi asks after the fate of various celebrated women, including Héloise and Joan of Arc, and ends with the same semi-ironic question:
This same "Ballade des dames du temps jadis" was famously translated into English in 1870 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti as "Ballade of Dead Ladies". Rossetti translated the refrain as "But where are the snows of yester-year?"

## Poems

Poems included in Le Testament are:
* Ballade des dames du temps jadis (1458–59) (see also main article: Ballade des dames du temps jadis)
* Ballade des seigneurs du temps jadis
* Ballade en vieux language françois
* Les regrets de la belle Heaulmiere
* Ballade de la Belle Heaulmière aux filles de joie
* Double ballade sur le mesme propos
* Ballade pour prier Nostre Dame
* Ballade à s'amie
* Lay ou rondeau
* Ballade pour Jean Cotart
* Ballade pour Robert d'Estouteville
* Ballade des langues ennuieuses
* Les Contredits de Franc Gontier
* Ballade des femmes de Paris
* Ballade de la Grosse Margot
* Belle leçon aux enfants perdus
* Ballade de bonne doctrine
* Rondeau ou bergeronnette
* Épitaphe
* Rondeau
* Ballade de conclusion
# Le Temps qu'il fait

Le Temps qu'il fait is a French publishing house, first established in Cognac, and active since 1981.

## History

Created and directed by Georges Monti, Le Temps qu'il fait is now located at Bazas, in Gironde. The house draws its name from the eponymous novel by Armand Robin.
Nearly 500 works have been published (2008 figures), mainly in the field of French literature, but also photography. Also regularly published are the "Cahiers du Temps qui fait", critical volumes devoted to a writer, prestigious or kept secret, for example Philippe Jaccottet, Roger Munier, Jude Stéfan, Luc Dietrich, Louis-René des Forêts, Henri Thomas, François Augiéras, Yves Bonnefoy, André Frénaud, etc.

## Some authors

* Jean-Pierre Abraham
* Baptiste-Marrey
* Alice Becker-Ho
* Yves Bichet
* Christian Bobin
* François Boddaert
* Yves Bonnefoy
* Jacques Chauviré
* Pascal Commère
* Guy Debord
* Jean-Paul de Dadelsen
* Marc Deneyer
* Luc Dietrich
* André Dhôtel
* Thierry Girard
* Marie Huot
* Philippe Jaccottet
* Gérard Macé
* Jorge Manrique
* Denis Montebello
* Michel Orcel
* Gilles Ortlieb
* Ricardo Paseyro
* Georges Perros
* Jean-Claude Pirotte
* Didier Pobel
* Patrick Renou
* Catherine Rey
* André de Richaud
* Armand Robin
* Paul Louis Rossi
* Paul de Roux
* Valérie Rouzeau
* Lambert Schlechter
* Jude Stéfan
* Richard Texier
* Henri Thomas
* Jean-Loup Trassard
# Learning to Flinch

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Robert Christgau | |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Rolling Stone | link |
Learning to Flinch is a live solo acoustic album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, recorded at various venues in the United States, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia and released in early 1993.
Zevon's second live album, it featured three new songs ("Worrier King," "Piano Fighter" and "The Indifference of Heaven").

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Warren Zevon, except where indicated.

### Side one

* "Splendid Isolation" – 4:20 – Bogarts, Cincinnati
* "Lawyers, Guns and Money" – 3:22 – Paradise, Boston
* "Mr. Bad Example" (Jorge Calderón, Zevon) – 3:08 – The Loft, Berlin
* "Excitable Boy" (LeRoy Marinell, Zevon) – 2:41 – Tipitina's, New Orleans
* "Hasten Down the Wind" – 3:41 – The Town Hall, New York
* "The French Inhaler" – 4:22 – Town & Country, London
* "Worrier King" – 4:05 – Gluepot, Auckland
* "Roland Chorale" (David Lindell, Zevon) – 1:30 – Gluepot, Auckland
* "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner" (Lindell, Zevon) – 11:18 – Sentrum, Oslo

### Side two

* "Searching for a Heart" – 3:05 – Burswood Casino, Perth
* "Boom Boom Mancini" – 3:18 – The Flood Zone, Richmond
* "Jungle Work" (Calderón, Zevon) – 4:53 – St. Mary's Leagues Club, St. Mary's
* "Piano Fighter" – 4:08 – The Cambridge Hotel, Newcastle
* "Werewolves of London" (Marinell, Waddy Wachtel, Zevon) – 4:10 – Town & Country, London
* "The Indifference of Heaven" – 4:12 – Biskuithalle, Bonn
* "Poor, Poor Pitiful Me" – 9:38 – Big Ticket, Adelaide
* "Play It All Night Long" – 3:49 – Park West, Chicago

## Personnel

* Warren Zevon – guitar, keyboards, vocals, harmonica

### Production

Producers: Warren Zevon, Duncan Aldrich

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 198 |
# Lecithocera spinulata

Lecithocera spinulata is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2012. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Lebanese New Zealanders

Lebanese New Zealanders refers to citizens or permanent residents of New Zealand of Lebanese ancestry. The community is diverse, having a large Christian religious base, being mostly Maronite Catholics and Greek Orthodox, while also having a small Muslim group of both the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam.
Lebanon, in both its modern-day form as the Lebanese state (declared in 1920, granted independence in 1943) and its historical form as the region of the Lebanon, has been a source of migrants to New Zealand for over two centuries. According to 2018 census, 1,278 Lebanese-descent people in New Zealand, with most of all people with Lebanese ancestry living in Auckland Region (46.0 percent), followed by the Wellington Region (21.8 percent), and the Otago Region (8.5 percent). Furthermore, 71.4 percent were born in New Zealand, up from 68.4 percent in 2013.

## History

As part of a large scale emigration in the 1840s, numerous Lebanese (mostly Christians) migrated in great numbers out of Lebanon to various destinations. Most emigrated to Brazil and other Latin American nations, particularly Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Many also went to the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, or the United Arab Emirates and others to Australia and New Zealand.
Thus, New Zealand's Lebanese population is one of the older established non-English speaking minorities in the country (though many Lebanese people now speak English, to a greater or lesser extent).
In the 1890s, there were increasing numbers of Lebanese immigrants to New Zealand, part of the mass emigration from the area of the Lebanon that would become the modern Lebanese state, and also from the Anti-Lebanon Mountains region of the border area with Syria.
Some Lebanese people had settled in Auckland as early as 1890. The Lebanese blended into the community and attended local churches. Their language ability and entrepreneurial skills, along with a sense of belonging, gave them the confidence to integrate without losing their tradition and culture connection.
Early Lebanese settler Assid Abraham Corban and his family were instrumental in introducing commercial winemaking to New Zealand. The Corban family migrated to West Auckland from Dhour El Choueir in 1892, establishing Corbans Wines at Henderson in 1902.

## Religious diversity

Religious affiliation of Lebanese New Zealanders (2018 census)
In New Zealand, 53.8% of Lebanese are Christian, while a minority (6.6%) are Muslim. 31.0 percent said they had no religion.
All main Lebanese religious groups — Christians, including Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Melkites, Protestants, Muslims, including Shi'a and Sunnis denominations; Druze, amongst others — are now represented.

## Notable Lebanese New Zealanders

* Assid Abraham Corban, wine-maker
* Ben Ellis, rugby league footballer
* Ranginui Walker, writer
# Lectionary 56

Lectionary 56, designated by siglum ℓ 56 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th-century.

## Description

The codex contains only six lessons from the New Testament. It is a lectionary (Evangelistarion and Apostolos). It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 462 paper leaves (15.5 cm by 10.5 cm). The writing is in one column per page, in 19 lines per page, in very small minuscule letters. It contains Synaxarion and homilies of Church Fathers. Text of lectionary is only on the folios 15-18, 409-410. According to Scrivener they are "fragments of little value".

## History

The manuscript came from Athos peninsula in 1655. It was examined by Matthaei.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the State Historical Museum (V. 392, S. 466), in Moscow.