OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugh Poland (politician)

Hugh Poland (1868 – 3 January 1938) was a member of parliament for the Ohinemuri electorate in New Zealand.

## Early life

Poland was born in Tuakau, the son of John and Teresa Poland. All sources give his year of birth as 1868, but the birth certificated held by the Department of Internal Affairs is dated 29 June 1867. He received his education at Tuakau School and at Auckland Grammar School. In his youth, he was a prominent athlete, and he represented Auckland in rugby from 1887 to 1891, and in 1894. After school, he was initially a teacher for two years, worked as a flaxmiller in Helensville, and then had stores in Rotorua and Paeroa; he remained in the latter place for the rest of his life.

## Political career
### Local body career

Poland first stood for election to the Ohinemuri County Council in November 1899. He was the highest-polling candidate in his riding and was thus declared elected. He served on the county council until 1908, and was chairman from 1901 to 1905, and was on the Licensing Committee and Education Committee.

### Member of Parliament

Hugh Poland represented the Ohinemuri electorate in the New Zealand House of Representatives for twenty years from 1905 to 1925. Poland was a Liberal until the 1919 election when he stood as an Independent and was successful. Whilst not a member of the Labour Party, he was regarded by his voters as a "miners' advocate" and his lobbying contributed to the establishment of the phthisis pension.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

## Community involvement

Poland was secretary of the Ohinemuri Jockey Club for over three decades. He gifted the Poland Memorial Cup for Thames Valley rugby union, and was an officer for the local rugby union for many years.

## Family and death

On 10 August 1892, Poland married Mary Ellen Hand, the daughter of James Hand of Helensville. One of their sons, Hugh Francis "Frank" Poland, was killed in the Battle of Passchendaele during World War I. Hugh Poland died on 3 January 1938 at Paeroa, survived by his wife, seven sons, and four daughters. His funeral service was held by James Liston, the Roman Catholic bishop of Auckland. He is buried at Pukerimu Lawn Cemetery, also known as Paeroa Cemetery.
Poland built his house in Paeroa in 1899. The street was later named Poland Street in his honour. The house still stands and operates as a bed and breakfast.
# Bradyll

Bradyll or Braddyll Can refer to:-

## People

* Wilson Gale-Braddyll
* Colonel Thomas Bradyll - Owner of the South Hetton Colliery in the 1830s.

## Transportation

* Bradyll (locomotive) an early steam locomotive.
# Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp.

Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 487 U.S. 22 (1988), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court further refined the test for determining whether federal courts sitting in diversity must apply state law as opposed to federal law under the Erie doctrine. The question in Stewart was whether the federal venue transfer statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), occupied the field or whether Alabama law's unfavorable stance towards forum-selection clauses should instead be applied. The Court held that the federal statute governed the District Court's decision whether to give effect to the forum-selection clause.

## Background

Stewart Organization, Inc. brought a suit against Ricoh Corp. arising out of a dealership agreement which obligated Stewart to market Ricoh's copiers. The agreement included a forum-selection clause specifying that suits were to be brought in Manhattan. When Stewart filed suit in Alabama, Ricoh moved to transfer the case to Manhattan pursuant to the forum-selection clause. However, the Alabama District Court denied the motion because Alabama law "looks unfavorably upon contractual forum selection clauses." However, the court certified an interlocutory appeal, which the Eleventh Circuit accepted. The Eleventh Circuit narrowly reversed the District Court.

## Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court remanded the case, holding that the federal venue transfer statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), governed the District Court's interpretation of forum-selection clauses. In particular, the considerations of convenience to the parties and the fairness of the transfer in light of the parties relative bargaining power (when drafting the forum-selection clause) mandated by federal law collided with the Alabama policy categorically disfavoring forum-selection clauses, and that in the "single field of operation... the instructions of Congress are supreme."

### Scalia's dissent

Justice Scalia dissented from the majority opinion, arguing that there was no direct collision between § 1404(a) and Alabama's law, and that therefore the appropriate inquiry is whether the Rules of Decision Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1652, mandated the use of state law. Applying the RDA analysis from Hanna v. Plumer (1965), Scalia argued that state law governed the question because venue selection would encourage forum shopping, and that the choice of venue was highly outcome determinative because "[i]t is difficult to imagine an issue of more importance, other than one that goes to the very merits of the lawsuit, than the validity of a contractual forum-selection provision."
# Eyriesia

Eyriesia is a genus of freshwater snails in the family Viviparidae.
There is one species in this genus: Eyriesia eyriesi (Morelet, 1865)
# Soviet invasion of Romania

Soviet invasion of Romania can refer to:
* Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (1940)
* Battle of Romania (1944) and the subsequent Soviet occupation of Romania
# Tomopleura retusispirata

Tomopleura retusispirata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.9 mm, its width 2.7 mm. The elongate-subfusiform shell has a pale pink color and contains 8 whorls, of which two are contained in the vitreous protoconch. The next 5 whorls are bicarinate. Around the middle of each whorl there is a single nodose liration. The body whorl is rounded at its perifery and forms a short, recurved siphonal canal. The small aperture contains 6 - 7 spiral lirae. The margin of the outer lip is slightly crenulated. The middle of the columella shows two weak pleats. The base of the columella is torsed towards the inner lip.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Africa.
# Hidden City

Hidden City or The Hidden City may refer to:

## Film and television

* Bomba and the Hidden City, a 1951 American film directed by Ford Beebe
* Hidden City (film), a 1987 British film directed by Stephen Poliakoff
* The Hidden City (film), a documentary film directed by Víctor Moreno
* "The Hidden City", a 1989 episode of science program Nova

## Literature

* The Hidden City, an 1891 novel by Walt McDougall
* The Hidden City, a 1930 novel by Philip Gibbs
* The Hidden City, a 1990 novel by Charles de Lint
* The Hidden City (novel), a 1995 fantasy novel by David Eddings

## Other uses

* Hidden City (album), a 2016 album by the Cult
* Hidden city ticketing, an airline booking technique
# Cienciała

Cienciała is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna M. Cienciala (1929–2014), Polish-American historian and author
* David Cienciala (born 1995), Czech ice hockey player
* Sławomir Cienciała (born 1983), Polish footballer
# Taipa River

The Taipa River is a river of the northern Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows west then north, reaching the south of Doubtless Bay at the township of Taipa.
# Food Allergy Initiative

The Food Allergy Initiative (FAI) was a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 1998 with the mission to fund food allergy research that seeks a cure, to improve diagnosis and treatment, and to keep patients safe through advocacy and education. It was the largest private source of funding for food allergy research in the United States. As of 2011, the organization had raised more than $72 million towards these goals. In 2012, FAI and the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network merged to form Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE).

## Research

While working within the guidelines set forth by the National Institutes of Health in the Report of the NIH Expert Panel on Food Allergy Research, FAI worked to increase:
* The number of researchers and research projects that focus on food allergy
* The number of institutions with food allergy clinical programs
* The number of fellows and physicians trained to treat food-allergic patients
* The amount of government funding allocated to food allergy research
FAI sponsored food allergy research across the United States at institutions such as Harvard Medical School, the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University.

## Activities

FAI played a key role in passing the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004.
# Bradykinin receptor

The bradykinin receptor family is a group of G-protein coupled receptors whose principal ligand is the protein bradykinin.
There are two Bradykinin receptors: the B$_1$ receptor and the B$_2$ receptor.

## B$_1$ receptor

Bradykinin receptor B1 (B$_1$) is a G-protein coupled receptor encoded by the BDKRB1 gene in humans. Its principal ligand is bradykinin, a 9 amino acid peptide generated in pathophysiologic conditions such as inflammation, trauma, burns, shock, and allergy. The B$_1$ receptor is one of two G protein-coupled receptors that have been found which bind bradykinin and mediate responses to these pathophysiologic conditions.
B1 protein is synthesized by de novo following tissue injury and receptor binding leads to an increase in the cytosolic calcium ion concentration, ultimately resulting in chronic and acute inflammatory responses.

## B$_2$ receptor

The B$_2$ receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, coupled to G$_q$ and G$_i$. G$_q$ stimulates phospholipase C to increase intracellular free calcium and G$_i$ inhibits adenylate cyclase. Furthermore, the receptor stimulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. It is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in healthy tissues.
The B$_2$ receptor forms a complex with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and this is thought to play a role in cross-talk between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kinin–kallikrein system (KKS). The heptapeptide angiotensin (1-7) also potentiates bradykinin action on B$_2$ receptors.
Icatibant is a second generation B$_2$ receptor antagonist which has undergone limited clinical trials in pain and inflammation. FR 173657 is another orally active non-peptide B2 antagonist that has undergone limited trials as analgesic and antiinflammatory drug.
Kallidin also signals through the B$_2$ receptor.
# Mike Bickle

Mike Bickle may refer to:
* Mike Bickle (minister) (born 1955), American evangelical Christian leader
* Mike Bickle (footballer) (1944–2023), English footballer
* Michael Bickle (born 1948), British Earth scientist
# F.C. Elmstead

F.C. Elmstead is a semi-professional football club based in Elmstead, London, England. They are currently members of the Southern Counties East League Division One and groundshare at Sutton Athletic's Lower Road ground in Hextable.

## History

The club was founded as Elmstead Rovers on 13 October 1958 at a meeting at 74 The Avenue in Chislehurst, and were initially a Sunday league club. In 1964 the club adopted its current name, with the mid-1960s also seeing the club change its colours of claret and blue to scarlet and blue after the kit was accidentally boil-washed, changing the colour.
In 2013 the club switched from the Metropolitan Sunday League to playing Saturday football and joined Division Three West of the Kent County League. After finishing as runners-up in their first season in the division, they were promoted to Division Two West. The following season saw them finish as Division Two West runners-up, earning promotion to the Kent Invicta League. In 2016 the Kent Invicta League merged into the Southern Counties East League, becoming its Division One.

## Ground

The club played at the Chislehurst Recreation Ground from their establishment in 1958 until joining the Kent County League in 2013, when they started groundsharing at Tiepigs Lane in Coney Hall. After moving up to the Kent Invicta League, they moved to Holmesdale's Oakley Road ground in Bromley. Since the summer of 2018, they have been playing at Sutton Athletic's Lower Road ground in Hextable.

## Records

* Best FA Vase performance: First round, 2016–17
# Hamelin Laie International School

Hamelin Laie International School is a private international boarding school located in Montgat, Spain, near Barcelona. The school was founded in 1989 and teaches infant education, primary education, secondary education and baccalaureate. In 2022 it joined the family of private schools North Anglia Education.

## History
### Alella (1989-2014)

Hamelin-Laie began as a family enterprise founded by the current school's president Sonia Sas's grandfather in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War. It became the first school in the country to offer instruction in three languages – English, Spanish and Catalan – under the leadership of Sonia Sas's mother in 1989.The learning institution was originally located in the town of Alella. It consisted of two different buildings complexes: Hamelin and Laie. Hamelin, branded as orange, focused on early education (nursery and primary education). Its facilities were located in the historic building Vil·la Martorell. Meanwhile Laie, branded as deep blue, focused on secondary education. Both schools were part of the Escoles Sas group.

### Montgat (2016-present)

In 2014 it was announced that the schools would be merging into Hamelin-Laie and the construction of a new campus on the near town of Montgat began. The building was carried out by the Alonso & Balaguer architecture studio (ABAA). In 2016 the facilities were completed. While now both Hamelin and Laie in a same building, they still remained with their own identity colors. Nevertheless, they abandoned their respective old logos and incorporated a new unified logo by Edgar Cueto.

### Nord Anglia Education (2022-present)

In 2022 Hamelin-Laie became part of Nord Anglia Education, being the second school in Spain. In consequence, the institution has access to the Nord Anglia Global Campus. While the school remained its name and overall branding its logo was redesigned to be more streamlined with the brand identity of Nord Anglia Education.

## Education

Hamelin Laie International School is a school approved by the MEC. In addition, in highschool it offers the National Baccalaureate and the International Baccalaureate (IB). The school has been an IB recognized institution since 2013. Within the school grounds there is the Boarding Campus, the Hamelin Laie Language School and the Dance School Laie.
# Tomopleura regina

Tomopleura regina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Zanzibar.
# Substitution (Silversun Pickups song)

"Substitution" is a song by American indie rock band Silversun Pickups. It is the second single from the band's second studio album Swoon (2009). The song was released to American modern rock radio on September 15, 2009.
"Substitution" reached numbers 17 and 26 on Billboard's Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts, respectively.

## Music video

The music video for "Substitution" was directed by The Malloys and premiered on September 15, 2009. It features models playing a game of musical chairs as the band performs the song.
In an interview prior to the video's release, the band's frontman Brian Aubert claimed: "They were actually playing musical chairs for a real prize. It got pretty ugly. Everybody in the room watching it was like, 'This is the weirdest thing.' All the girls are color-coded. In one way, it's bright and sort of silly, but the way we're looking at it is sort of depressing. In fact, I have to admit: it's by far the darkest video we've ever done."

## Charts

| Chart (2009–10) | Peak position |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 29 |
| Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard) | 22 |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 26 |
# Charles Lockhart

Charles Lockhart may refer to:
* Charles B. Lockhart (1855–1948), politician in New Brunswick, Canada
* Charles Lockhart of the Lockhart baronets
* Charles Lockhart (musician) (1745–1815), English organist and composer of hymn-tunes
# Cienciano in South American football

Peruvian professional football club Cienciano has participated in 12 editions of club competitions governed by CONMEBOL, the chief authority in South American football. These include 6 seasons in the Copa Libertadores, 5 seasons in the Copa Sudamericana, and 1 match in the Recopa Sudamericana. The club plays its home matches at the Estadio Garcilaso but has used the Estadio Monumental Virgen de Chapi on more than one occasion for international competitions. They are the only Peruvian football club to have won CONMEBOL-sanctioned international competitions having won both the Copa Sudamericana and the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003 and 2004 respectively.

## Overall

| Tournament | S | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Copa Libertadores | 6 | 36 | 12 | 4 | 20 | 45 | 62 | –17 |
| Copa Sudamericana | 5 | 22 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 29 | 22 | +7 |
| Recopa Sudamericana | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |

## Matches
### Copa Libertadores

| Season | Stage | Opponent | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| 2002 | Group Stage | 12 de Octubre | 3–0 | 0–1 | 2nd of 4 |
| 2002 | Group Stage | Oriente Petrolero | 2–0 | 1–3 | 2nd of 4 |
| 2002 | Group Stage | Gremio | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2nd of 4 |
| 2002 | Round of 16 | Club América | 0–1 | 1–4 | 1–5 |
| 2004 | Group Stage | Independiente | 3–2 | 2–4 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2004 | Group Stage | El Nacional | 1–0 | 3–3 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2004 | Group Stage | Nacional | 1–2 | 0–1 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2005 | Preliminary Round | Guadalajara | 1–3 | 1–5 | 2–8 |
| 2006 | Group Stage | Guadalajara | 0–1 | 0–0 | 4th of 4 |
| 2006 | Group Stage | São Paulo | 0–2 | 1–4 | 4th of 4 |
| 2006 | Group Stage | Caracas | 2–1 | 0–1 | 4th of 4 |
| 2007 | Group Stage | Toluca | 1–2 | 0–3 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2007 | Group Stage | Boca Juniors | 3–0 | 0–1 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2007 | Group Stage | Bolívar | 5–1 | 3–2 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2008 | First Stage | Montevideo Wanderers | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 |
| 2008 | Group Stage | Nacional | 2–1 | 1–3 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2008 | Group Stage | Flamengo | 0–3 | 1–2 | 3rd of 4 |
| 2008 | Group Stage | Coronel Bolognesi | 1–0 | 0–0 | 3rd of 4 |

### Copa Sudamericana

| Season | Stage | Opponent | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| 2003 | First Stage | Alianza Lima | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 |
| 2003 | Second Stage | Universidad Católica | 4–0 | 1–3 | 5–3 |
| 2003 | Quarter-finals | Santos | 2–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 |
| 2003 | Semi-finals | Atletico Nacional | 1–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 |
| 2003 | Finals | River Plate | 1–0 | 3–3 | 4–3 |
| 2004 | First Stage | Carabobo FC | 6–1 | 2–1 | 8–2 |
| 2004 | Second Stage | LDU Quito | 2–2 | 0–4 | 2–6 |
| 2009 | First Stage | Liverpool Montevideo | 2–0 | 0–0 | 2–0 |
| 2009 | Round of 16 | San Lorenzo | 0–2 | 0–3 | 0–5 |
| 2022 | First Stage | Melgar | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–2 |

### Recopa Sudamericana

| Season | Stage | Opponent | Date | Venue | Score | Ref |
| 2004 | Final | Boca Juniors | 7 Sept. 2004 | Lockhart Stadium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida | 1–1 (4–2 p.) | |
# Robinsonia lefaivrei

Robinsonia lefaivrei is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1895. It is found in Brazil.
# Brestovo (Stanari)

Brestovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Брестово) is a village in the municipality of Stanari, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until 2014, the settlement was located in the municipality of Doboj.
# Steve Mizerany

Steve Mizerany (died April 15, 2011) was an American business owner and media personality. Mizerany was known in St. Louis, Missouri for the outsized personality he displayed as the star of his own advertisements.
Mizerany grew up in the LaSalle Park neighborhood of St. Louis and was graduated from McKinley High School. He was the youngest of seven children; his parents were Lebanese Maronite immigrants. His father taught English to other Lebanese immigrants at St. Raymond’s Maronite Church.
In 1946 Steve’s two oldest brothers opened the Mizerany Brothers appliance store on Broadway. Steve Mizerany went to work for his brothers and handled the store's television advertisements. All television was live at that time, and Mizerany ad-libbed the commercials as the cameras were rolling. Here he developed his zany persona which attracted attention and some complaints.
In 1972, Mizerany opened the Mizerany-Farhatt New Deal Appliance Company next to Bevo Mill on Gravois Road in St. Louis with his childhood friend Joe Farhatt. Here he perfected his advertising style, an admixture of his distinct voice, enthusiastic persona, outlandish attire, slapstick humor, and stunts such as roller-skating in the store's aisles (he also sometimes skated during regular business, rolling up to customers and introducing himself). Taglines included the assertion that the store was home of the "decent boys".
Mizerany also guest-starred in other ads for other businesses.
After his death, Mizerany was honored by the St. Louis Board of Aldermen for his charitable activities which included organizing the annual St. Louis police relief celebrity ballgame.
Mizerany married Sue Grant in 1947; they were divorced in 1973. They had five children: Catherine Mizerany, Stephanie Dorris, Veronica Miller, Steve Mizerany, Jr. and Vincent Mizerany.
# Exonuclease III

Exonuclease III (ExoIII) is an enzyme that belongs to the exonuclease family. ExoIII catalyzes the stepwise removal of mononucleotides from 3´-hydroxyl termini of double-stranded DNA. A limited number of nucleotides are removed during each binding event, resulting in coordinated progressive deletions within the population of DNA molecules.

## Function

The preferred substrates are blunt or recessed 3´-termini, although ExoIII also acts at nicks in duplex DNA to produce single-strand gaps. The enzyme is not active on single-stranded DNA, and thus 3´-protruding termini are resistant to cleavage. The degree of resistance depends on the length of the extension, with extensions 4 bases or longer being essentially resistant to cleavage. This property is used to produce unidirectional deletions from a linear molecule with one resistant (3´-overhang) and one susceptible (blunt or 5´-overhang) terminus.
ExoIII activity depends partially on the DNA helical structure and displays sequence dependence (C>A=T>G).
ExoIII has also been reported to have RNase H, 3´-phosphatase and AP-endonuclease activities.

## Current Studies

There are many different exonucleases and many are still to be discovered in bacteria, current studies are being conducted in E. coli. Many exonucleases fall into superfamilies with different domains of life proving that exonuclease III has shown to be ancient. Exonucleases evolved early in the history of life and have vital biological roles.

## Regulation

Temperature, salt concentration and the ratio of enzyme to DNA greatly affect enzyme activity, requiring reaction conditions to be tailored to specific applications.