OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geragogy

Geragogy (also geragogics) is a theory which argues that older adults are sufficiently different that they warrant a separate educational theory. The term eldergogy has also been used. Some critics have noted that "one should not expect from geragogy some comprehensive educational theory for older adult learners, but only an awareness of and sensitivity towards gerontological issues".
Key distinctions between traditional pedagogy and geragogy include offering "opportunities for older adult learners to set the curriculum themselves and to learn through activities of personal relevance" as well as recognition of age-related issues which may affect learning, such as reduced sensory perception, limited motor capabilities and changes in cognitive processes, especially memory.
Collaborative peer learning, as employed in the University of the Third Age, is a common element within geragogic settings.

## Principles of geragogy

From John, Martha T. (1988). Geragogy: A theory for teaching the elderly:
* Learning should aim to provide skills and resources which maintain personal independence. Useful, practical outcomes must therefore be highlighted before a course of study begins, and any assigned tasks must have meaning for older adults. Enjoyment, curiosity, seeking information and desiring communication are typical routes into learning.
* Variety in teaching methods is required, rather than reliance on lengthy verbal presentations. A flexible, interdisciplinary approach which responds to the needs of the learners present is vital.
* Tutors should strive to maintain a clear focus on the topic, limiting the number of ideas presented. Irrelevant or overly distracting concepts should be avoided.
* In place of discipline or rote-learning, tutors should stimulate engagement with warmth, positive comments, approval and encouragement.
* Learners may take longer to complete tasks and assignments than younger people. They may also wish to return repeatedly to a task until they feel comfortable. Examples should be reinforced regularly and often, using differing contexts in order to give as many opportunities as possible for learners to grasp a concept.
* The past experiences of learners can be useful in grounding their understanding. Tutors should seek to review specific skills which allow each learner to be creative in their own way, building on their personal life experience. It is also important to review information that may have been learned in the past (such as at school) but has not been used for some time.
# Gerlachov

Gerlachov, derived from the Germanic name Gerlach with Slavic suffix -ov, may refer to:
* Gerlachov, Bardejov District, Slovakia
* Gerlachov, Poprad District, Slovakia
* Gerlachovský štít, highest peak in Slovakia
# George Washington Nicholson

George Washington Nicholson (1832–1912) was an American artist best known for his landscape portraits.
Born near Salem, New Jersey and raised in Mannington Township, New Jersey, Nicholson worked painting homes and began painting pictures with the encouragement of his sister.
He lived in Philadelphia and married Jane Elizabeth Bray, who died shortly after their only son was born. Nicholson taught art, largely giving private lessons. After studies at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Nicholson spent years travelling to Europe and the Middle East, where he continued his studies. He continued private lessons and had works displayed in shows, and at fairs and museums, many of which featured sites that he had seen on his trip to Europe. Some of his works featured sites he had seen in the Middle East. He received commissions for works that included the mural Washington Crossing the Delaware, which was part of the collection at the Pennsylvania State House, until it was destroyed by fire. Wanamaker's department store commissioned Nicholson to paint a 7-by-14-foot (2.1 by 4.3 m) landscape mural, The Old Homestead, which he completed in March 1892 and was on display there until it was sold to a private collection sometime after 1950.
He moved to Hammonton, New Jersey, where he resided with his son and died there in 1912. During his time in Hammonton, he painted many pictures inspired by the places along the Jersey Shore.
# School of International Studies

School of International Studies may refer to one of several institutions:
* Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, USA
* Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, USA
* Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, USA
** The Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe, located in Bologna, Italy
** Hopkins–Nanjing Center, located in Nanjing, China
* S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
* School of International Studies, Central University of Venezuela
* School of International Studies, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
* School of International Studies, Simon Fraser University, Canada
* School of International Studies, Universidad Santa María (Caracas), Venezuela
* School of International Studies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China
* School of International Studies, University of San Francisco, USA
* School of International Studies, University of the Pacific, USA
See also:
# Gerald Schoenfeld

Gerald Schoenfeld (September 22, 1924 – November 25, 2008) was chairman of The Shubert Organization from 1972 to 2008.

## Career

After graduating from the University of Illinois, Schoenfeld fought in World War II. On his return, he obtained a law degree from New York University and got a job with a local law firm then known as Klein & Weir. One of the firm's clients was the Shubert Organization, which was represented by Adolph Lund, a partner in the firm and a name partner when the firm's name was changed to Klein & Lund. After Adolph Lund's death at age 49 on January 1, 1957, Jacob J. Shubert, the surviving Shubert brother, hired Schoenfeld to represent him and his interests. Schoenfeld was 32 at the time. Later that same year, Jacob J. Shubert, encouraged Schoenfeld to hire a second primary lawyer. Schoenfeld hired his brother's childhood friend, Bernard B. Jacobs.
A power struggle for control of the organization followed J.J. Shubert's death in 1963. By 1972, Schoenfeld and Jacobs had taken control of the organization. Schoenfeld tended to manage the maintenance and operational aspect of the theaters, while Jacobs was more involved in the artistic aspect. The two are credited with pulling American theater out of a steep downward spiral in the early 1970s and making it into a profitable enterprise.
As of 2008, the Shubert Organization owned 17 Broadway theaters, one off-Broadway theater, and major theaters in Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. It remains the preeminent organization in American theater.
In 2004, Broadway's Plymouth Theatre was renamed The Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre in his honor.

## Book

His memoir, Mr. Broadway: The Inside Story of the Shuberts, the Shows, and the Stars., was published posthumously in 2012.

## Death

Schoenfeld died from a heart attack in 2008. He was 84.
# Schwedeneck-class multi-purpose ship

The Type 748 Schwedeneck-class multi-purpose ship was a class of multi-purpose ships built for the Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 71 (WTD 71) of the German Navy in Eckernförde and the Marinearsenal Wilhelmshaven. Two units are still in use for the WTD 71.

## Development

As a replacement for the test boats Adolf Bestelmeyer, Friedrich Voge, Rudolf Diesel and Hans Christian Oersted built in the 1940s, three medium test boats, (ship type according to the ship number list) were commissioned from Fr. Lürssen Werft as general contractor. Subcontractors were the Kröger shipyard, the Elsflether shipyard and Nobiskrug. A fourth ship of this class was no longer needed.
The hull is made of steel and divided into nine compartments by eight bulkheads. For better maneuvering, transverse thruster systems with 150 kW each are installed in the fore and aft. The ships are used in a variety of ways and take the required equipment on board in containers. The fixed equipment includes a ship's crane, a swiveling A-frame at the stern, a pinasse and accommodation for embarked test personnel.
The state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania bought the Schwedeneck in 2010 and had it converted into a research ship at the Peene shipyard in Wolgast.

## Ships of class

| Pennant number | Name | Builders | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Status |
| Rhine-class tender |||||||
| Y860 | Schwedeneck | Kröger-Werft | 14 October 1986 | 20 October 1987 | February 2011 | Retired |
| Y861 | Kronsort | Elsflether Werft | 9 May 1987 | 2 December 1987 | | Active |
| Y862 | Helmsand | Nobiskrug | 31 July 1987 | 11 February 1988 | | Active |
| Cancelled |||||||

## Citations

* ↑ "MPV Type 748". Lürssen Defence | Lürssen Shipyard - german quality-shipbuilding. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
# Schorlingborsteler Beeke

Schorlingborsteler Beeke is a small river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It flows into the Nienstedter Beeke near Bassum.
# Schorndorf, Bavaria

Schorndorf is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
# Gerhard Brosi

Gerhard Brosi (8 August 1943 – 3 April 1984) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

In 1983 he entered the Bundestag via the Landesliste Baden-Württemberg and was then a member of the German Bundestag until his death.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Gerhard Unger

Gerhard Unger (26 November 1916 – 4 July 2011) was a German lyric tenor. Born in Bad Salzungen, he studied in Berlin and began singing concerts and oratorios in 1945, once the war was over.
Unger made his debut as an opera singer in 1947 in Weimar. From 1949 to 1961, he sang with the Berlin State Opera. When the Berlin Wall was erected, he left for Stuttgart. After 1951 Unger sang regularly at the Bayreuth Festival. One of his signature roles was David from Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, which is documented on several recordings, including with Herbert von Karajan (1951), Rudolf Kempe (1951 and 1956), Hans Knappertsbusch (1952), Hans Rosbaud (1955), and Rafael Kubelík (1968), as well as a DVD of a 1970 performance conducted by Leopold Ludwig. Equally known was his Pedrillo in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail, notably in the 1965 Salzburg Festival production staged by Giorgio Strehler and designed by Luciano Damiani, which was conducted by Zubin Mehta, and was kept in the festival's repertory for 10 years and was also shown at Milan's La Scala. Unger's other Salzburg Festival roles included Monostatos in two different stagings of The Magic Flute (1967, 1968 and 1970, staged by Oscar Fritz Schuh and conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch; 1974 staged by Strehler and conducted by Karajan, and Valzacchi in Richard Strauss' Der Rosenkavalier (1969, staged by Rudolf Hartmann, designed by Teo Otto, and conducted by Karl Böhm). He occasionally played Mime, for example in La Scala's 1975 production staged by Luca Ronconi, designed by Pier Luigi Pizzi, and conducted by Sawallisch.
His other commercial recordings include the Otto Klemperer recording of The Magic Flute (1963), as Monastatos, and the Georg Solti Decca recording of Elektra.
# Gerhard de Beer

Gerhard de Beer (born 5 July 1994) is a South African former gridiron football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) and XFL. He played college football at Arizona and was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2018. He has also played for the Green Bay Packers, Indianapolis Colts, Houston Roughnecks, and St. Louis BattleHawks.

## Early life

De Beer was born and raised in South Africa. He played rugby and discus throw in high school at the Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool. He moved to America to attend the University of Arizona to play American football. He redshirted his first season, but saw playing time for his final three seasons.

## Professional career
### Buffalo Bills

After going undrafted in the 2018 NFL draft, de Beer signed with the Buffalo Bills on 11 May 2018. He was waived on 1 September 2018 .

### Green Bay Packers

On 27 November 2018 de Beer was signed to the Green Bay Packers practice squad. On 31 December 2018 he was signed to the active roster. He was waived on 31 August 2019 and became a free agent.

### Indianapolis Colts

On 12 November 2019, de Beer was signed to the Indianapolis Colts practice squad, but was released three days later.

### Houston Roughnecks

In the 2020 XFL Draft, de Beer was drafted to the Houston Roughnecks. He was waived during final roster cuts on 22 January 2020.

### St. Louis BattleHawks

De Beer was signed to the XFL's practice squad team, referred to as Team 9, on 30 January 2020. He was signed off of Team 9 by the St. Louis BattleHawks on 9 March 2020. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on 10 April 2020.
# Scottish Open

Scottish Open may refer to:
* Scottish Open (golf), a golf tournament on the European Tour
* Scottish Senior Open, a golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour
* Scottish Open (badminton), an open international badminton championships held in Scotland since 1907
* Scottish Open (darts), a professional darts tournament first held in 1983
* Scottish Open (snooker), a professional snooker tournament
* Scottish Open (fencing), a fencing competition held in Edinburgh in early January
* Scottish Open (speedway), a motorcycle speedway championship
# Scottish Omnibuses

Scottish Omnibuses Ltd. (SOL) was a company set up by the British Transport Commission on 4 April 1949 to take over the bus and coach operations of Scottish Motor Traction (SMT) and its subsidiaries under the nationalisation provisions of the Transport Act 1947. SMT itself remained in private hands, continuing its motor sales, service and insurance businesses. SOL took over the holding of SMT's former subsidiary companies, while those buses and coaches it operated directly continued to use the SMT brand until the early 1960s, when, after a brief flirtation with "Scottish", the fleet name "Eastern Scottish" was adopted.
In 1961 the holding function of SOL was transferred to a new company Scottish Omnibuses Group (Holdings) Ltd, which, following the demise of the British Transport Commission, came under the control of the state-owned Transport Holding Company the following year. It was renamed as Scottish Bus Group Ltd. in 1963, and became part of the Scottish Transport Group in 1969 following the addition of ferry services.
SOL itself remained as a bus and coach operator in south-east Scotland, trading as Eastern Scottish, until reorganisation of the group in 1985, when it was split into Eastern Scottish Omnibuses Ltd. and Lowland Scottish Omnibuses Ltd. Following privatisation these were eventually re-united in 1999 under the banner of First Edinburgh.
# German submarine U-1102

German submarine U-1102 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

## Construction

The U-1102 was laid down on 16 April 1943 at the Nordseewerke shipyard in Emden, Germany. She was launched on 15 January 1944 and commissioned on 22 February 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Bernhard Schwarting.
When she was completed, the submarine was 67.10 metres (220 ft 2 in) long, with a beam of 6.18 metres (20 ft 3 in), a height of 9.60 metres (31 ft 6 in) and a draft of 4.74 metres (15 ft 7 in). She was assessed at 864.7 t (851 long tons) submerged. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced and two SSW GU 343/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The submarine was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft), had a maximum surface speed of 17.6 knots (32.6 km/h; 20.3 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph).When submerged, the U-boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) and when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The submarine was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of 44 to 57 men.

## Service history And Accident

U-1102 was used as a Training ship in the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 22 February 1944 until 12 May 1944. On 24 March 1944, the U-boat sank during a diving accident at the U-boat base quay in Pillau. Two crew members were lost in the incident and U-1102 was raised and decommissioned on 12 May 1944. She was brought to Danzig for repairs and returned to service as a school boat on 15 August 1944 under the command of a new commander Oberleutnant zur See Erwin Sell. U-1102 took part in the Operation Hannibal and sailed on the 1 January 1945 from Gotenhafen to Swinemünde and finally to Kiel where she surrendered.

## Capture And End

U-1102 surrendered on 13 May 1945 in the Hohwacht Bay, Germany to the Allied Forces. The submarine was transferred to Wilhelmshaven via Kiel and was transferred to Loch Ryan on 23 June 1945. She stayed in Loch Ryan until her sinking in Operation Deadlight (post-war Allied operation) on 21 December 1945, when she was towed to sea by the British destroyer HMS Zetland.
U-1102 was sunk at 15:05 on 21 December 1945 in the North Atlantic, North-West off the coast of Ireland by naval gun fire from the Polish destroyer ORP Piorun, the British destroyers HMS Onslaught and HMS Zetland and the British sloop HMS Fowey.

## Wreck

Her wreck lies at 56°04′N 09°35′W﻿ / ﻿56.067°N 9.583°W﻿ / 56.067; -9.583.
# German submarine U-1106

German submarine U-1106 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 14 October 1941, and was laid down on 28 July 1943, at Nordseewerke, Emden, as yard number 228. She was launched on 26 May 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Erwin Bartke on 5 July 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-1106 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), an overall beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two SSW GU 343/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-1106 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA or TMB Naval mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and fifty-two.

## Service history

On 29 March 1945, nine days out of Horten, on her first, and only, war patrol, she was located by a British Liberator aircraft of the 224 Squadron RAF/O. U-1106 was sunk by depth charges in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Shetland Islands, with all 46 of her crew.
The wreck now lies at 61°46′N 02°16′W﻿ / ﻿61.767°N 2.267°W﻿ / 61.767; -2.267.
# German Patent Classification

The German Patent Classification is a patent classification system that was used in several European countries.

## History

The German Patent Office (German: Kaiserliches Patentamt) started developing a classification system for its patent documents in 1877. It was greatly expanded during the following decades and was published in seven editions between 1906 and 1958, first as "Verzeichnis der deutschen Patentklassen" and later as "Gruppeneinteilung der Patentklassen". The abbreviation DPK, for Deutsche Patentklassifikation, is used in some databases.
The DPK was also used in Sweden, Norway, and other countries in Scandinavia and central and eastern Europe. In the 1970s, development and active use of the system publications was discontinued as most of these countries switched to the International Patent Classification (IPC). The classification is still used on old patent documents.
Between the editions, modifications were published in the form of "Änderungen" (German for "modifications") and "Ergänzungslieferungen" (German for "updates"). Between 1958 and 1975 around 40 percent of the original groups were replaced with groups from the emerging IPC. These new IPC-based parts mainly used the IPC group numbering, but kept the original DPK subclass symbols.
# German submarine U-32

U-32 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-32 (Germany), was a Type U 31 submarine launched in 1914 and that served in the First World War until sunk on 8 May 1918
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-32, a Type UB II submarine launched in 1915 and sunk on 22 September 1917
*** SM UC-32, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and sunk on 23 February 1917
* German submarine U-32 (1937), a Type VIIA submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk on 30 October 1940
* German submarine U-32 (S182), a Type 212 submarine of the Bundesmarine that was launched in 2003 and in service
# Scouting and Guiding in Uganda

The Scout and Guide movement in Uganda is served by
* The Uganda Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
* The Uganda Scouts Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement