# List of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha animals extinct in the Holocene

This is a list of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha animals extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day.
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic. The territory consists of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha (including Gough Island), all of volcanic origin.
Numerous animal species have disappeared from Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha as part of the ongoing Holocene extinction, driven by human activity.

## Birds (class Aves)
### Cuckoos (order Cuculiformes)
#### Cuckoos (family Cuculidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Saint Helena cuckoo | Nannococcyx psix | Saint Helena | Most recent remains dated to around 1640. It likely became extinct when the island was deforested. Since the Saint Helena cuckoo was unusually small for a cuckoo, it likely parasited a small forest passerine species that is also extinct now. |

### Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes)
#### Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Saint Helena dove | Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos | Saint Helena | Described from Middle Pleistocene remains, but speculated to have survived until settlement due a 1584 mention of doves in the island. It was the fourth largest pigeon ever (after the dodo, Rodrigues solitaire, and Viti Levu giant pigeon) and likely flightless, which would have made it easy prey of humans or introduced mammals. |

### Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes)
#### Rails (family Rallidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Saint Helena rail | Aphanocrex podarces | Saint Helena | Most recent remains dated to around 1640. |
| Tristan moorhen | Gallinula nesiotis | Tristan da Cunha | Last recorded in 1873. Became extinct due to hunting, predation by introduced rats, cats, and pigs, and habitat destruction by fire. |
| Ascension crake | Mundia elpenor | Ascension Island | Last recorded in 1656. It probably became extinct after the introduction of rats in the 18th century, or cats in 1815. |
| Saint Helena crake | Zapornia astrictocarpus | Saint Helena | Most recent remains dated to around 1640. |

### Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes)
#### Gulls, terns, and skimmers (family Laridae)
##### Locally extinct

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments | Pictures |
| Kelp gull | Larus dominicanus | Southern Hemisphere coasts | Present in Saint Helena before c. 1640. It is unknown if it bred on the island. | |

### Albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes)
#### Petrels and shearwaters (family Procellariidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Olson's petrel | Bulweria bifax | Saint Helena | Most recent remains at Sandy Bay dated to around 1640. It was replaced afterwards by Bulwer's petrel. |
| Saint Helena petrel | Pseudobulweria rupinarum | Saint Helena | Most recent remains at Prosperous Bay dated to around 1640. The species nested on the ground and was vulnerable to predation by cats and other introduced mammals. |
| Saint Helena shearwater | Puffinus pacificoides | Saint Helena | Known from fossils dated to around 14,000 years ago, but could have survived until the Holocene and become extinct when the climate ameliorated. |

### Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes)
#### Herons (family Ardeidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Ascension night heron | Nycticorax olsoni | Ascension Island | Likely the "aponar" (an old name for the great auk) mentioned by André Thévet in 1555. It was flightless or a poor flyer and nested on the ground, making it vulnerable to hunting and predation by introduced mammals. |

### Hornbills and hoopoes (order Bucerotiformes)
#### Hoopoes (family Upupidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments | Pictures |
| Saint Helena hoopoe | Upupa antaios | Saint Helena | Most recent remains at Prosperous Bay dated to around 1640. It was flightless or a poor flyer, making it easy prey for introduced cats and rats. | |

## Insects (class Insecta)
### Dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata)
#### Skimmers, perchers, and relatives (family Libellulidae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Saint Helena darter | Sympetrum dilatatum | Saint Helena | Last collected in 1963. The causes of extinction are unknown, but habitat destruction has been suggested. |

### Earwigs (order Dermaptera)
#### Striped earwigs (order Labiduridae)

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments | Pictures |
| Saint Helena earwig | Labidura herculeana | Saint Helena | Last collected in 1967. Isolated exoskeleton pieces of individuals that were ingested by birds and spiders were found as late as 2014, but the large size and robustness of the species make it impossible to guess how recent they are. The earwig's habitat has been degraded by construction since it was last seen alive, while invasive predators like rats, mice, spiders, and the centipede Scolopendra morsitans have increased. | |

### Beetles (order Coleoptera)
#### Ground beetles (family Carabidae)

| Scientific name | Range | Comments | Pictures |
| Aplothorax burchelli | Saint Helena | Last collected in 1966-1967. | |

## Slugs and snails (class Gastropoda)
### Order Stylommatophora
#### Family Achatinidae

| Common name | Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| | Chilonopsis blofeldi | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| | Chilonopsis exulatus | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| | Chilonopsis helena | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| | Chilonopsis melanoides | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Great Saint Helena awl snail | Chilonopsis nonpareil | Saint Helena | Described from subfossil shells in 1875. It probably disappeared due to habitat modification caused by introduced goats, pigs, and rabbits, or predation by rats, mice, and the centipede Scolopendra morsitans. |
| | Chilonopsis subplicatus | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| | Chilonopsis subtruncatus | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| | Chilonopsis turtoni | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |

#### Family Charopidae

| Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Helenoconcha leptalea | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenoconcha minutissima | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenoconcha polyodon | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenoconcha pseustes | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenoconcha sexdentata | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenodiscus bilamellata | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Helenodiscus vernoni | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |
| Pseudohelenoconcha spurca | Saint Helena | |

#### Family Pupillidae

| Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Pupilla obliquicosta | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |

#### Whorl snails (family Vertiginidae)

| Scientific name | Range | Comments |
| Campolaemus perexilis | Saint Helena | Last seen in the 1870s. |