OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS Chiddingfold (M37)

HMS Chiddingfold is a Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel of Britain's Royal Navy. She was launched in October 1983 by her sponsor, Lady Anne Kennon, and formally entered the service of the Royal Navy in October 1984. Chiddingfold is a minehunter, and her purpose is to find and destroy mines, not only in a time of war but also in peacetime. There are about a quarter of a million mines still active from the Second World War alone and they pose a major threat to both military and civilian ships. Chiddingfold is able to enter some types of minefields without magnetic mines detonating because she is made of glass-reinforced plastic, and all fixtures within the ship are made of non-ferrous metals, keeping the ship's magnetic signature to the bare minimum.

## Operational history

In January 2012, Chiddingfold began a year-long mid-life upgrade project, including the replacement of her engines, gearboxes, propellers and an upgraded thruster system; she was the first vessel of her class to undergo the refurbishment.
In June 2014, Chiddingfold sailed in company with HMS Penzance for a three-year deployment in the Persian Gulf. She returned to the UK in 2017 after being relieved by sister HMS Ledbury.
The long-term deployment to the Persian Gulf was renewed again in mid-2020 when Chiddingfold returned to the region, again in company with Penzance, to operate as part of 9 Mine Countermeasures Squadron from HMS Jufair in Bahrain. In this role, crews for Chiddingfold rotate every four months.
On 19 January 2024, the ship was involved in an incident in Bahrain where it collided with HMS Bangor. It had previously been involved in a similar collision with HMS Penzance in 2021, also off the coast of Bahrain. HMS Chiddingfold was reported back in service in May 2024.

## Affiliations

Chiddingfold has a connection with the village of Chiddingfold, and every year they have a stall at the Chiddingfold fete. HMS Chiddingfold is also affiliated with the Worshipful Company of Pattenmakers, one of the City of London's Livery Companies.
# HMS Chiddingfold

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Chiddingfold after the fox hunt at Petworth, Sussex:
* HMS Chiddingfold (L31) was a Hunt-class destroyer escort destroyer launched in 1941. She was transferred to the Indian Navy after the Second World War and renamed INS Ganga (D94).
* HMS Chiddingfold (M37) is a Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel launched in 1983, in service as of 2024.
# HD 210277

HD 210277 is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.54, which makes it a challenge to view with the naked eye, but it is easily visible in binoculars. The star is located at a distance of 69.6 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −20.9 km/s.
An early classification of this star was a G0 dwarf, and some sources still use this value. More modern classification surveys list it as G8V, matching a late G-type main-sequence star. It is older than the Sun with a very low level of chromospheric activity and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 1.9 km/s. The star has a slightly higher mass and larger radius than the Sun.

## Planetary system

In 1999 it was announced that a dust disk orbiting HD 210277, similar to that produced by the Kuiper Belt, had been imaged, lying between 30 and 62 AU from the star. However, observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope failed to detect any infrared excess at 70 micrometres or at 24 micrometres wavelengths. Subsequent measurements by the Herschel Space Observatory did detect an excess at 100 and 160 micrometres. A model fit to the emission matches a disk orbiting at 160 AU with a mean temperature of 22 K. The disk signal is fairly strong, with S/N equal to 6.6.
The only known exoplanet was discovered using 34 radial velocity measurements taken from 1996 to 1998 at W. M. Keck Observatory. It has a minimum mass greater than Jupiter orbiting the star in 442 days. The high eccentricity (ovalness) of the exoplanet's orbit means it is unlikely that there is a companion planet co-orbiting the star at a trojan point.
The HD 210277 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | >1.29 ± 0.11 M$_J$ | 1.138 ± 0.066 | 442.19 ± 0.50 | 0.476 ± 0.017 | — | — |
| debris disk | 160 AU | 160 AU | 160 AU | 160 AU | — | — |
# HD 211073

HD 211073 is a triple star system in the northern constellation Lacerta, located around 580 light years from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint orange-hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 4.50. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −11.7 km/s.
The primary member, designated component Aa, is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K2.5 III that is most likely (98% chance) on the horizontal branch. It is a suspected variable star that ranges in magnitude from 4.49 down to 4.55. This star is around a billion years old with 2.2 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 46 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating about 574 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,180 K.
As of 2005, the inner pair of stars (Aa + Ab) in this system had an angular separation of 0.20″ along a position angle (PA) of 170°. The magnitude 8.15 component Ac was separated from Aa by 0.30″ with a PA of 27°, as of 2010. As of 2015, the magnitude 10.60 visual companion, designated component B, was separated from the primary by 30.50″ along a PA of 190°.
# Snowboarding at the 2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival

Snowboarding at the 2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival was held from 18 to 20 February 2009. It was held in Szczyrk, Poland.

## Results
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Austria (AUT) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 3 | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys SBX | Nikita Kovalenko Russia | Martin Noerl Germany | Max Widnig Austria |
| Girls SBX | Sabine Schoeffmann Austria | Julia Hennecke Germany | Maeva Martin France |
| Boys parallel slalom | Julian Lueftner Austria | Max Widnig Austria | Silvan Flepp Switzerland |
| Girls parallel slalom | Julie Zogg Switzerland | Sabine Schoeffmann Austria | Ladina Jenny Switzerland |
# Géraud de Geouffre de La Pradelle

Géraud de Geouffre de La Pradelle de Leyrat (1935-October 16, 2022) was an international jurist and a professor of French law.

## Biography
### Family

He is the son of lawyer Raymond de Geouffre de la Pradelle, the grandson of Albert de Geouffre de La Pradelle and the uncle of Anne-Véronique Herter. He has two children with Claire Bardon Florence (wife Cédric Thomas) and Laure (wife François de Montpellier de Vedrin).
Emeritus Professor of the University of Nanterre, he worked from 1982 to 1988 at the center for information on Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners.
In 2003, he co-authored the first Que sais-je?, on homosexual rights.
In 2004, he chaired the Citizens' Commission of Inquiry into the Involvement of France in Rwanda, a collective denouncing France's actions surrounding the Rwanda genocide. In 2014, he co-wrote an article sharply critical of judge Jean-Louis Bruguière's 2006 ruling.
He was an occasional contributor to Le Monde diplomatique and was a member of the sponsoring committee of the Russell Tribunal on Palestine.

## Books

* Droit international privé, avec Marie-Laure Niboyet, Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, ISBN 978-2-275-03035-7
* L'Homme juridique, Presses universitaires de Grenoble/François Maspero, coll. "Critique du droit", 1979
* Caroline Mécary et Géraud de La Pradelle, Les droits des homosexuel(le)s, PUF, Que sais-je ?, 2003, 1998, ISBN 978-2-13-053145-6

## Publications

* Rafaëlle Maison; Géraud de Geouffre de La Pradelle (2014). "L'ordonnance du juge Bruguière comme objet négationniste". Cités (57): 79–90.
* Dzovinar Kévonian; Philippe Rygiel; Géraud de Geouffre de La Pradelle (2015). "Entretien avec Géraud de Geouffre de La Pradelle". Monde(s). 1 (7): 155–172.
# Géraud Sénizergues

Géraud Sénizergues (born 9 March 1957) is a French computer scientist at the University of Bordeaux.
He is known for his contributions to automata theory, combinatorial group theory and abstract rewriting systems.
He received his Ph.D. (Doctorat d'état en Informatique) from the Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7) in 1987 under the direction of Jean-Michel Autebert.
With Yuri Matiyasevich he obtained results about the Post correspondence problem. He won the 2002 Gödel Prize "for proving that equivalence of deterministic pushdown automata is decidable". In 2003 he was awarded with the Gay-Lussac Humboldt Prize.
# Géraudot

Géraudot (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Society for the Study of Evolution

The Society for the Study of Evolution is a professional organization of evolutionary biologists. It was formed in the United States in 1946 to promote the study of evolution and the integration of various fields of science concerned with evolution and to organize the publication of a scientific journal to report on relevant new research across a variety of fields.
The Society was established at a meeting in St. Louis on March 30, 1946. Fifty-seven scientists attended the meeting, which was chaired by Alfred E. Emerson. George Gaylord Simpson was elected as the Society's first President, with E. B. Babcock, Emerson, and J. T. Patterson as his Vice-presidents and Ernst Mayr as secretary. This society grew as an extension of the US National Research Council's Committee on Common Problems of Genetics and Paleontology (later renamed the Committee on Common Problems of Genetics, Paleontology and Systematics).
The first annual meeting of the society was held in Boston, December 28–31, 1946. A grant from the American Philosophical Society led to the publication of the journal Evolution.
Commonly known as the 'evolution meeting', the society's annual conference is often held together with the Society of Systematic Biologists and the American Society of Naturalists.
The society has an official journal Evolution. It was started in 1947 and is published by Oxford Academic (formerly by Wiley until January 2023). In 2017, it launched a second journal Evolution Letters.
# So Much More

So Much More may refer to:
* "So Much More" (song), a single released by American rapper Fat Joe from his 2005 album All or Nothing
* So Much More (Brett Dennen album), a 2006 album by American singer-songwriter Brett Dennen
* So Much More (Judith Durham album), a 2018 album by Australian Judith Durham
# HMS L33

HMS L33 was a British L-class submarine built by Swan Hunter, Wallsend, laid down in September 1917, launched in May 1919, and completed in December 1920. She was armed with six torpedo tubes, and had a top speed of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) while surfaced. She had an uneventful career that included a deployment to the China Station in 1928. Obsolescent by the early 1930s, L33 was sold in February 1932 and broken up.

## Description

L33 was 238 feet 7 inches (72.72 m) long overall and she had a beam of 23 ft 5.5 in (7.150 m) and a draught of 13 ft 3 in (4.04 m) at normal loading. She displaced 890 long tons (900 t) surfaced and 1,080 long tons (1,100 t) submerged. Her propulsion system consisted of two diesel engines for use while surfaced and two corresponding electric motors for use submerged. The diesel engines were rated at 2,400 horsepower (1,800 kW), while the electric motors produced 1,600 hp (1,200 kW). She could cruise at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) while surfaced and 10.5 kn (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) while submerged. While running on the surface at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph), the ship could cruise for a range of 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi).
L33 was armed with a primary armament of four 21-inch (530 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. These were supplied with eight torpedoes in total. Two additional, 18-inch (460 mm) tubes were located on the broadside, with a single torpedo apiece. She was also equipped with a 4-inch (100 mm) deck gun for use whilst surfaced. The gun was mounted on a revolving platform on the bridge level to increase its range and permit it to engage surfaced enemy submarines beyond torpedo range and in heavier seas. She had a crew of thirty-eight.

## Service history

L33 was built at the Swan Hunter shipyard; she was laid down on 26 September 1917, and she was launched on 29 May 1919. Fitting-out was completed on 22 December 1919. After construction was completed, she underwent sea trials on the Tyne, which included both submerged and surface trials. On 16 March 1926, L33 collided with another unknown vessel, though there were no injuries in the incident.
In 1928, L33 was assigned to the China Station, along with her sister ships L15, L19, and L27. By the 1930s, the L-class submarines had become obsolescent, and so most of them were removed from the Royal Navy's inventory. Accordingly, L33 was sold for scrapping in February 1932 and subsequently broken up.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 Gardiner & Gray, p. 93
* 1 2 "Destroyers and Submarines Built By Swan, Hunter, and Wigham Richardson, Ltd.", p. 407
* ↑ Akermann, p. 164
* ↑ Williamson, p. 74
* ↑ Boniface, p. 11
* ↑ Akermann, pp. 169–170
# HD 7199

HD 7199 is a star in the constellation Tucana located 118 light years distance from the Sun based on parallax. It has an orange hue but is too dim to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +8.06. The star is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +5.6 km/s.
The star HD 7199 is named Emiw. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Mozambique, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Emiw represents love in the local Makhuwa language.
This object has a stellar classification of K1IV, matching a K-type subgiant star that is in the process of cooling and expanding off the main sequence, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core. It is around 10 billion years old with a low projected rotational velocity of 2.2 km/s. The star looks to be very metal-rich, having more than double the abundance of iron compared to the Sun. Both mass and radius are lower than the Sun's, and it only radiates 70% of the Sun's luminosity. It displays a Sun-like magnetic activity cycle.

## Planetary system

The High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) in Chile found it to have a planet with a minimum of 0.29 times the mass of Jupiter – 92 times the mass of Earth – with an orbital period of 615 days.
The planet HD 7199 b was named Hairu in 2019. Hairu represents unity in the Makhuwa language.
The HD 7199 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| HD 7199 b (Hairu) | >0.29±0.023 M$_J$ | 1.36±0.02 | 615±7 | 0.36±0.12 | — | — |
# Sohanak

Sohanak (Persian: سوهانک) is an affluent neighbourhood, northeast of Tehran in Iran. Sohanak is one of the neighborhoods in Tehran district one and located in the Shemiran area in the northernmost part of Tehran. It is also a mountainous village located to the north-east of Tehran made up of vast gardens, hills and valleys.
It has Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch a mosque and a great tekyeh.
Drinking water in Sohanak is prepared by four qanats and its main products are crops, fruit and particularly apricot.
* This Tehran province location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# HMAS Air Sprite

HMAS Air Sprite (Y 256/SAR 6301) was an air-sea rescue vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). She was an Australian-built version of the 63-foot (19 m) air-sea rescue vessels which the RAN operated during World War II, with the only difference being that she was fitted with a lattice mast instead of the tripod masts in the older ships. Air Sprite was ordered in 1958 and was built by Lars Halvorsen and Sons in Sydney. She was commissioned into the RAN on 15 June 1960 and was based at HMAS Creswell at Jervis Bay near the RAN Fleet Air Arm's base, HMAS Albatross.
On the night of 10 February 1964 Air Sprite was one of two air-sea rescue vessels which responded to the collision between HMAS Melbourne and Voyager in Jervis Bay. Air Sprite rescued 36 Voyager crewmen and HMAS Air Nymph saved a further 34.
In 1976 Air Sprite was laid up at HMAS Kuttabul in Sydney for a major refit, which was scheduled for mid-1977, prior to being used as a general purpose vessel in Western Australia. This refit did not go ahead, and instead the ship was marked for disposal. Air Sprite was sunk as a target by a Tartar missile fired by HMAS Brisbane on 17 May 1979.
# HMS Quail

Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Quail after the quail.
* HMS Quail (1806) was a 4-gun schooner launched in 1806 and sold into mercantile service in 1816. She was last listed in 1816.
* HMS Quail (1817) was a cutter tender launched in 1817. There were plans to rename her HMS Providence in 1822, but this never happened, and she was broken up by 1829.
* HMS Quail (1830) was a 4-gun cutter launched 1830 and fitted out for the Liberian government in 1859.
* HMS Quail (1856) was an Albacore-class wood screw gunboat launched in 1856 and broken up in 1861.
* HMS Quail (1895) was a Quail-class destroyer launched in 1895. She was reclassified as a B-class destroyer in 1913 and was sold for scrap in 1919.
* HMS Quail (G45) was a Q-class destroyer launched in 1942. She struck a mine on 15 November 1943 and sank while under tow on 18 June 1944.
# Société de Constructions et d'Aviation Légère

Société Constructions d'Aviation Légère (SCAL) was a small French aircraft manufacturer of light aircraft during the 1930s and 1940s.

## Company history

SCAL was established in 1936 by the brothers Felix and Antoine Bassou with a factory in Paris. The company designed and built a small series of light two-seat sporting and touring aircraft for use by private pilot owners. The last design appeared c. 1938 and the company is no longer in existence.

## Aircraft designs

Three SCAL types were flown.
The FB.20 was a monoplane from about 1936 but beyond that nothing further is known.
The FB.30/31 was a pusher, twin boom, two seat touring aircraft: three built, with different engines.
The FB.40/1 was a side-by-side seat biplane trainer. Two different engines were available pre-war and other engines were used post-war.
# Société de Microélectronique et d'Horlogerie

Société de Microélectronique et d'Horlogerie was the name of the holding company created by the merger enforced by the Swiss Banks in 1983 of the SSIH and ASUAG, renamed The Swatch Group in 1998.
Ernst Thomke, previously CEO of Ebauches SA and ETA SA, was appointed to head the newly established conglomerate as its first CEO. He held his position until 1991. When he resigned, the newly elected President of the Board, Nicolas G. Hayek, had already managed to become the only person of reference.
# HMCS Rainbow

Two vessels of the Royal Canadian Navy have been named HMCS Rainbow, after the rainbow.
* HMCS Rainbow (1891), an Apollo-class protected cruiser operated by the Royal Navy from 1893 to 1909 as HMS Rainbow, transferred to Canada in 1910, and operated until 1920
* HMCS Rainbow (SS 75), a Tench-class submarine operated by the United States Navy from 1944 to 1968 as USS Argonaut (SS-475), sold to Canada in 1968, and operated until 1974
# Softly (Hank Locklin album)

Softly is a studio album by American country singer–songwriter Hank Locklin. It was released in December 1968 via RCA Victor Records and contained 11 tracks. The album was co-produced by Chet Atkins and Danny Davis. Softly was Locklin's nineteenth studio album released in his career and third to be released in 1968. It contained one single, "Where the Blue of the Night Meets the Gold of the Day." The song became a charting single in 1969. The album itself would also reach a charting position following its original release.

## Background and content

Hank Locklin had several years of limited commercial success during the mid 1960s. In 1968 however, his single titled "The Country Hall of Fame," reached the top ten of the American country charts. This brought a commercial resurgence to his career. His recent success prompted RCA Victor to release additional studio material of Locklin's, including Softly. The album was recorded in November 1968 at the RCA Victor Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions were co-produced by Chet Atkins and Danny Davis. It was Locklin's second studio effort to be co-produced by both men. Softly consisted of 11 tracks. Many of the record's tracks were new material. Also included was a cover of Merle Haggard's "Today I Started Loving You Again." "With One Exception" was originally a hit for country artist David Houston. The album's eventual lead single was also a cover of the hit, notably recorded by Bing Crosby.

## Release and chart performance

Softly was released in December 1968 via RCA Victor Records. The record marked Locklin's nineteenth studio album release in his career. It was originally distributed as a vinyl LP, containing six songs on "side A" and five songs on "side B." In the 2010s, it was re-released in a digital format for music downloads and streaming. Softly spent six weeks on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and peaked at number 32 in March 1969. It would be Locklin's final album to chart any Billboard list. One single was spawned from the album: "Where the Blue of the Night Meets the Gold of the Day." It was released on RCA Victor in January 1969. The single spent ten weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 34 in March 1969. It was Locklin's final top 40 entry on the Billboard country songs chart.

## Personnel

All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Softly.
Musical and technical personnel
* Chet Atkins – producer
* Danny Davis – producer
* Hank Locklin – lead vocals
* Bill McElhiney – arrangement

## Chart performance

| Chart (1968–69) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 32 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Canada | December 1968 | Vinyl | RCA Victor |
| United States | December 1968 | Vinyl | RCA Victor |
| United States | 2010s | DigitalStreaming | Sony Music Entertainment |