OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siderography

Siderography is a mechanical process developed by Jacob Perkins in the early 1800s enabling the unlimited reproduction of engraved steel plates. The process enables the transfer of an impression from a steel plate to a steel cylinder in a rolling press. An individual who engraves steel plates was known as a siderographist in the mid 1800s, and a siderographer by the early 1900s.
Perkins developed the use of steel plates in banknote production in 1805, and these were more resistant to wear from printing than copper plates. Siderography enabled the steel plates to be copied with greater frequency. It was first used for printing banknotes of the United States dollar.
Counterfeiting had become an important issue in Europe in the late 1700s and early 1800s, primarily because the banknotes were produced with no standardized process or design, using readily available technology and techniques familiar to over 10,000 copper engravers. France offered a prize contest in the 1790s as a result of the counterfeiting of assignats. One of the submitted proposals for this contest had been the use of siderography, though it was not viable at the time.
The English banknotes of that era came to be known as "filthy rags", and in 1817, the Bank of England advertised a contest for the submission of a process to develop counterfeit-resistant banknotes, for which the winning entry would receive £20,000. Perkins moved to England in 1818, and made preparations for equipment, machinery, and his workmen to follow him. He submitted his proposal for the use of siderography in banknote production, but the idea was not well received by the Bank of England. Despite this, the idea gained traction, and by the end of the 1920s siderography was in use by over 200 banks in the United Kingdom.
By the 1930s, a transfer press was operated by a siderographer, who would manipulate a "system of compound levers" on the press to regulate the amount of pressure exerted on the transfer rolls.

## Trade union

On 11 January 1899, the Steel Plate Transferrers' Association trade union was established in Washington, D.C., which by 1921 had changed its name to the International Association of Siderographers. It was the smallest organization by membership in the AFL–CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations), reaching a peak of about 80 members in the 1930s, and was dissolved in 1991 after retirements and technological advances reduced its membership to eight people.
It had three local chapters: the Washington office had jurisdiction for membership in that city, and all members outside the United States excluding Canada and Great Britain; the New York office had jurisdiction for all members in the United States excluding Washington, D.C.; and the Ottawa office had jurisdiction for all members in Canada and Great Britain.
# James Zachos

James Zachos is an American paleoclimatologist, oceanographer, and marine scientist. He is currently a professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary sciences at University of California, Santa Cruz where he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2017. His research focuses on the biological, chemical, and climatic evolution of late Cretaceous and Cenozoic oceans, and how past climatic conditions help improve forecasts of the consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions on future climate change.

## Overview

Professor Zachos has co-authored over 180 publications and has been invited to give over 140 lectures at institutions, universities, and conferences around the world, including Stanford University, University of Cambridge, and Utrecht University, University of Sao Paolo, and International Conference on Paleoceanography VIII. He has also participated on multiple Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Expeditions to the Arctic and Southern Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. In 2003, Zachos served as the co-chief scientist of Leg 208 expedition to the south Atlantic.
Zachos is a fellow of the Geological Society of America, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and American Geophysical Union. In 2016, he received the Milutin Milankovic Medal by the European Geosciences Union, which is awarded to scientists for their outstanding research in long-term climatic changes and modelling.

## Research

Zachos’ research is focused on the biological, chemical, and climatic evolution of late Cretaceous and Cenozoic oceans (i.e., the last 66 million years). This research typically involves analysis of the chemical and isotopic composition of fossil shells from marine sediments to reconstruct past changes ice-volume, ocean temperatures, circulation, productivity, and carbon cycling. Combined with numerical models, such observations are used to determine the mechanisms responsible for the long and short-term changes in global climate. Presently, Zachos’ research group is studying several episodes of rapid and extreme changes in climate, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

## Academic Background

In 1981 Zachos received bachelor's degrees in Geology and Economics from the State University of New York, Oneonta. Zachos obtained his M.S. in Geology (1983) at The University of South Carolina and a Ph.D. in Geological oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. After completing his education, he pursued a postdoctoral fellowship at University of Michigan from 1988 to 1990 before joining the faculty of the Department of Earth Sciences UC Santa Cruz in 1992. In 2000, he was a visiting fellow at the University of Cambridge.

## Recognition

* 2022 - BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category "Climate Change".
* 2018 - Foreign Member, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
# Sullivans Hollow

Sullivan's Hollow is a valley near Mize, Mississippi. The area was home to the outlaw William Cicero "Wild Bill" Sullivan, who was indicted for the murder of his brother, Wilson. Settled originally by Thomas Sullivan (1775–1855) around the year 1820/21, Sullivan's Hollow was considered to be about six miles long by three miles wide. As his children (22 by two wives) established families of their own the area called Sullivan's Hollow expanded. Today the unofficial boundaries of the "hollow" is a triangular area which runs from Mize (in Smith County) to Mount Olive and Hot Coffee in Covington County. The area was supposed by some historians to be an area of great lawlessness.
For example, William "Wild Bill" Sullivan (1851–1932) was reported to have killed forty (some reports claim fifty) men. However historians consulting with long time residents of the county were never able to confirm more than one.
When asked about the clan, long time local residents remarked, "The Sullivans and their neighbors were strong independent people who wanted to be left alone and did not take any guff from anyone. If reports of lawlessness kept outsiders away it was just fine with them."
The Smith County Courthouse has been burned three times. The story goes that shortly before the current courthouse was built in 1912, two Sullivan boys killed a man and were indicted by the grand jury for murder. The legend claims they then burned down the courthouse and hid out for several years. Eventually they turned themselves in and because there was no record of a grand jury indictment they went free. Such stories are common in Smith county.
# CSPG5

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSPG5 gene.

## Interactions

CSPG5 has been shown to interact with GOPC.
# Stankevičius

Stankevičius is a Lithuanian-language surname, the Lithuanized version of Polish surname Stankiewicz. Notable people with this surname include:
* Marius Stankevičius (born 1981), professional footballer
* Rimantas Stankevičius (1944–1990), test pilot and cosmonaut
* Laurynas Stankevičius (1935–2017), Prime Minister of Lithuania
* Česlovas Stankevičius (born 1937), politician
* Simonas Stankevičius (born 1995), professional footballer
# Meall a' Ghiubhais

Meall a' Ghiubhais (887 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands, Scotland. It lies in Wester Ross, close to the village of Kinlochewe.
The mountain is a steep, rugged peak, with a straightforward if pathless, unmarked climb to its summit from the Beinn Eighe Nature Reserve circular path. From the top, the views are spectacular, with Beinn Eighe and Slioch across Loch Maree prominent landmarks.
# Carl Leisegang

Carl Sverre Leisegang DSO (1913-1986) was a senior officer in the South African Army from the artillery. He was a qualified SAAF Pilot. He served as OC Natal Command.

## Military career

Carl Leisegang took part in the Second World War as an Officer Commanding of the Anti Tank Regiment and 4 Field Regiment. He earned a Distinguished Service Order during that war. After the war he was appointed as Commandant School of Artillery and Armour, Officer Commanding 4 Field Regiment for the second time. He commanded Natal Command, Eastern Province & Border Command. His last tour of duty was as Military Advisor to Australia. He died in Durban in 1986.

## Awards and decorations

* Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
* Union Medal
* 1939–45 Star
* Africa Star
* Italy Star
* War Medal 1939–1945
* Africa Service Medal (WWII)
Master Gunner: 1005 :
| Brigadier Carl Sverre Leisegang ||
| Year: Before 1970 ||
| ←1004: Brigadier Hendrik Jacobus 'Greyvie' Greyvenstein | Brigadier Jack Hawtaynee :1006→ |
Pilots Wings (Qualification) :
* 0-500 hrs Black on Thatch beige, Embossed National Coat of Arms with large wings
# Richard Grafton (born c. 1563)

Richard Grafton (born c. 1563) was an English politician.
He was an MP for Plympton Erle in 1589 and Tregony in 1584.
# Elise Blenker

Elise Blenker (1824 − 15 May 1908) was the wife of Louis Blenker, a German revolutionary officer of the years 1848/1849. Elise was also actively involved in various actions of the German revolutions of 1848–49 in the Palatinate and in Baden.

## Life in Germany

Elise Blenker (née Aue) was born in Köthen, Saxony-Anhalt. She was the daughter of an evangelical pastor, Johann Christian Aue. In 1843 she married the former Uhlan officer, Louis Blenker, in Worrms in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. At this time Louis was running a wine trading business in Worms. In 1848, he became a colonel in the Worms militia. When the revolution of 1848, broke out in Baden, Elise accompanied her husband on his campaigns, partially dressed in military uniform. At this time, Elise met with other revolutionary women, including Kathinka Zitz-Halein, Emma Herwegh, Amalie Struve and Mathilde Franziska Anneke. On 20–21 May Elise and her husband took part in an unsuccessful attack on Landau. She also played a decisive role in the plundering of the Castle of Eberstein in Baden.

## Life in the United States

After the suppression of the revolution, Elise was compelled to flee with her husband, first to Switzerland, and then in 1850 to the United States. With her father's help, Elise and Louis built a new life in Rockland County, where they ran a dairy farm. Together Elise and Louis had four children (three daughters and a son). Upon the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 Louis organized the 8th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, of which he became colonel. For his gallantry at Bull Run he was raised to the rank of brigadier general of volunteers. In October 1863 Louis died of injuries sustained while with his command at Warrenton, Virginia, leaving Elise and their children in poverty. Elise was unable to cover the cost of his funeral, and had to turn to friends and family for help. Her widow's pension was later increased from 30 to 50 US dollars a month.
Elise Blenker died on 15 May 1908 in her daughter's house in Mount Vernon (New York).
# Belyaev (crater)

Belyaev is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the outer edge of the Mare Moscoviense, on the far side of the Moon. It is a worn formation with a small crater pair overlaying the southern rim, and several smaller craters across the relatively irregular interior.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Belyaev.
| Belyaev | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| Q | 20.6° N | 139.4° E | 50 km |
# CSPS

CSPS may refer to:
* Calendar of State Papers Relating to Scotland. 1589–93. 13 vols. London: 1898–1969.
* Canadian Ski Patrol, an organization providing ski patrol services across Canada (now CSP)
* Christian Science Publishing Society, the publishing arm of The First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts
* Czech-Slovak Protective Society, an organization dedicated to the cultural preservation of Czech and Slovak immigrants in the United States
* The Canada School of Public Service, a government organization whose mandate is to provide a range of learning activities
* Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
# Hatschbachiella

Hatschbachiella is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

## Species

* Hatschbachiella polyclada (Dusén ex Malme) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Paraná
* Hatschbachiella tweedieana (Hook. ex Hook. & Arn.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay
# Meall Tàirneachan

Meall Tairneachan (787 m) is a mountain in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland, located northwest of Aberfeldy in Perthshire.
The peak lies in an area of rocky and rolling moors between Loch Tummel and Aberfeldy. A baryte mine is located close to its summit.
# Carl Lehle

Carl Georg Lehle (2 December 1872 in Eriskirch – 18 September 1939 in Ludwigshafen), also spelled as Karl, was a German rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was part of the German boat Ludwigshafener Ruderverein, which won the bronze medal in the coxed four final B.
# Richard Brunton (artist)

Richard Brunton (c. 1749 – September 8, 1832) was a British-American artist most notable for his work depicting the American Revolutionary War.

## Biography

Brunton claimed to have been born in Birmingham, England in 1749. He was listed as an apprentice to Joseph Troughton in 1766. From a muster roll dating from May to December 1774, Brunton was listed as a soldier, a part of the grenadier company in the 38th Regiment of Foot. He arrived on July 6, 1774, in the port of Boston. However, he deserted in June 1779 from Verplanck's Point, New York. He married Polly Fullerton on October 14, 1779. In January 1783, Polly and Richard traveled to Groton, Massachusetts while Polly was pregnant. Both were later warned from the town on January 26, 1783. The couple had one son, but he died in infancy on March 5, 1783, in the town of Pepperell, where the two went after being warned from Groton. In 1795, Brunton was caught engraving counterfeit money in Enfield, Connecticut, but was released for a lack of evidence. However, he was caught once more in 1799 in Woodstock, Connecticut creating counterfeit coins, and was sentenced to serve two years of hard labor in New-Gate Prison. After his release, he was caught counterfeiting once again and received a life sentence. However, in 1811 he petitioned for his release on the grounds of illness, claiming he would return to England. However, once released he returned to Groton, Massachusetts where he would die in 1832.
# Eli Thompson (skydiver)

Eli Thompson (July 11, 1973 – August 28, 2009) was an American skydiver and BASE jumper.
Thompson performed over 13,000 skydives. He was part of the 1996–2000 world champion skydiving team the Flyboyz. Thompson hosted 30 episodes of Stunt Junkies on the Discovery Channel between 2006 and 2007, and worked as an aerial stuntman in Austin Powers in Goldmember. From 2001 until his death, he was a professional Red Bull athlete.
Thompson died on August 28, 2009, while performing a wingsuit proximity-flying jump from a helicopter in the Swiss Alps, when he hit the side of the mountain.
Thompson was married to Sarah Farooqui. He had two children; in September 2009, his wife was pregnant with his first boy.
# Berent Schwineköper

Berent Schwineköper (8 November 1912 – 8 March 1993) was a German archivist and historian.
Born in Magdeburg, Prussian Saxony, Schwineköper was the son of an apothecary. At the universities of Göttingen, Vienna, and Freiburg, Schwineköper studied history, German studies, art history, and historical auxiliary sciences. His main advisors were Alfons Dopsch, Heinrich von Srbik, Hermann Heimpel, and especially Percy Ernst Schramm, from whom Schwineköper received his doctorate in 1937 with the work Der Handschuh im Recht, Ämterwesen, Brauchtum und Volksglauben.
Schwineköper attended the Institut für Archivwissenschaft (institute for archival science) from 1939–41 and then was the archivist at the Prussian Privy State Archives in Berlin-Dahlem. In 1944 he became archival councillor at the state archive in Magdeburg. From February 1946 to June 1959, Schwineköper was scientific archivist at the provincial archive in Magdeburg. In 1958 he was named an honorary docent for diplomatics of the Middle Ages and for regional history at the Institut für Archivwissenschaft in Potsdam.
In June 1959 Schwineköper migrated from East Germany to West Germany to work at the city archive of Freiburg. He began teaching at the University of Freiburg in 1964 and was named an honorary professor in 1972. He was a participant of the Konstanzer Arbeitskreis concerning medieval history and an extraordinary member of the historical commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. He was also a member of the East German historical commission for Saxony-Anhalt. Schwineköper died in Freiburg.
# Jamie McGuire (author)

Jamie McGuire (born November 6, 1978) is an American romance novelist from Oklahoma. She writes primarily in the new adult fiction genre, and became popular with the release of her novel Beautiful Disaster. Several of her books have been self-published.

## Biography

Jamie McGuire was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and raised in Blackwell, Oklahoma. McGuire is a 1997 graduate of Blackwell High School. She received further education at Northern Oklahoma College, the University of Central Oklahoma, and Autry Technology Center. She holds an Associate Degree of Applied Science in radiography from Northern Oklahoma College.
Prior to becoming a full-time author she worked for many years as a radiographer. She previously lived in Enid, Oklahoma, and currently resides in Jenks, Oklahoma. McGuire has two daughters and a son. In 2019 she went viral for her opposition to vaccinations.
In 2020, she attempted a run as a Republican for the Oklahoma House of Representatives in house district 69, but was disqualified due to residency requirements.

## Self-publishing

McGuire self-published her first four novels, Providence, Requiem, Beautiful Disaster, and Eden. Due to the success of Beautiful Disaster as a New York Times best seller she was offered a publishing contract with Atria Books for the rights to Beautiful Disaster and its sequel, Walking Disaster. Atria Books also published Beautiful Oblivion, Red Hill, and A Beautiful Wedding. Many of her novels have ranked on the New York Times best seller list, including Walking Disaster which also ranked on the USA Today, and Wall Street Journal lists.
In 2014 McGuire returned to self-publishing for her next novel, Happenstance, because she realized she would make a higher profit by keeping her own digital rights. Since then, with the exception of From Here to You and All the Little Lights in 2018, most of her work has been self-published.
# Suddenly (1996 film)

Suddenly is a 1996 American drama television film starring Kirstie Alley and Jason Beghe. Directed by Robert Allan Ackerman and written by David Kinghorn and Marilyn Kinghorn, it was first aired on ABC on December 1, 1996. It deals with some of the issues faced by paraplegic wheelchair users. Jason Bernard appears posthumously in the film.

## Plot

Marty Doyle is a hard-working waitress in San Pedro, Los Angeles. Despite her wisecracking and positive demeanor, she feels her life is pretty empty, with only one plus point; a new relationship.
One day, her life is turned upside down when she is knocked down by a car. In that instant, Marty loses the use of her legs and her sense of self-worth, and, soon after, she loses her boyfriend. Though she attempts to get on with life, her efforts are dealt a massive blow when she is mugged. Feeling utterly despondent and depressed, Marty starts to feel sorry for herself and turns to alcohol. Just when she’s at her lowest, she meets and befriends Joe Mulvey, a fellow paraplegic, who helps her cope with her new way of life.

## Cast

* Kirstie Alley as Marty Doyle
* Jason Beghe as Joe Mulvey
* Colleen Camp as Jude
* Nancy Cartwright as Dell
* David Crosby as Eddie
* David Beecroft as Doug
* Michael Paul Chan as Mr. Chow
* Persia White as Trina
* Anthony Russell as Willie
* Jason Bernard as Louie
* Shaun Toub as Mr. Tabibisdan
* W. W. Wilson as Cabbie Paulie
* Alice Lo as Mrs. Chow
* Charles Noland as Cabbie Mike
* Manny Perry as Bus Driver
* Don Keith Opper as Barney

## Production

The film was previously titled An Urban Legend and When Somebody Loves You. Filming took place in San Pedro, Los Angeles.
# CTAGE5

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTAGE5 gene.
# Hasanlök, İslahiye

Hasanlök is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İslahiye, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 552 (2022).
# Spialia

Spialia is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae, which are mainly found in Africa and Asia. They are commonly called grizzled skippers or sandmen.
As a result of genomic research published in 2020, 3 species of Spialia were moved to the new genus Agyllia and 14 species were moved to the new genus Ernsta.

## Species

These species belong to the genus Spialia:
* Spialia ali Oberthür, 1881
* Spialia carnea (Reverdin, 1927)
* Spialia diomus (Hopffer, 1855) (common sandman)
* Spialia doris (Walker, 1870) (desert grizzled skipper)
* Spialia ferax (Wallengren, 1863) (ferax grizzled skipper)
* Spialia fetida Zhdanko, 1992
* Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793) (indian skipper)
* Spialia geron (Watson, 1893)
* Spialia irida Zhdanko, 1993
* Spialia lugens (Staudinger, 1886)
* Spialia mafa (Trimen, 1870) (mafa sandman)
* Spialia orbifer (Hübner, 1823) (orbed red-underwing skipper)
* Spialia osthelderi (Pfeiffer, 1932)
* Spialia phlomidis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1845) (persian skipper)
* Spialia rosae Hernández-Roldán, Dapporto, Dinca, Vicente & Vila, 2016
* Spialia sertorius (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) (red-underwing skipper)
* Spialia spio (Linnaeus, 1764) (mountain sandman)
* Spialia struvei (Püngeler, 1914)
* Spialia therapne (Rambur, 1832) (corsican red-underwing skipper)
# Carlos Pellegrini, Santa Fe

Carlos Pellegrini is a town in the center-west of Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
According to the 2001 census, it has 5,062 inhabitants: 2,555 women and 2,507 men. It has had a growth of 158 (5.41%) over the 1991 census.
The area's economy is mainly farming and cattle.
There are two elementary schools, one middle school and two rural schools.
The town has two radio stations (FM) and one TV Station.

## Location

It is located in the center-west of Santa Fe Province at the intersection of routes 13 and 66, 170 km (106 mi) from the provincial capital, 180 km (112 mi) from Rosario, and 320 km (199 mi) from Córdoba.
* Altitude: 101 m (304 ft)
* Latitude: 32°03′S
* Longitude: 061°48′W

## Climate and topography

The topography of the area is slightly undulated, with uniform characteristics and slight slopes, which help with communications. The soil is very apt for agriculture. The area is located in an elevated terrain, at about 101 m (304 ft), which permits the natural draining of waters on all four points of the compass. As a result, flooding is rare.
Climate is temperate. It has a humid period from March to July. The last two months are not humid because of precipitation, but for the accumulated water in the soil. August would be the only dry month if not for the aforementioned. No month of the year presents an excess of water. January and February have a deficiency of 60 mm (2.3 in) together. During the rest of the year there is no water deficit because evaporation is amply covered with rain and soil accumulation.

## Twin cities

* San Secondo di Pinerolo, Italy