OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flag of Norfolk Island

The flag of Norfolk Island is a triband consisting of green, white, and green bands charged with a green Norfolk Island pine in the centre. Adopted in 1979 when the islands gained limited self-government, it has been the flag of the Territory of Norfolk Island since 6 June of that year. The pine is native to the territory and is its official tree.

## History

Norfolk Island was first sighted by James Cook in 1774 during his second voyage to the southern Pacific Ocean. Settlers moved to the island in March 1788, when it was claimed by the colony of New South Wales. Cook surmised that the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) could be utilised for the masts of ships, but his prediction ultimately did not come to fruition.
The island was initially employed as a penal colony until 1814, and again from 1825 to 1855. It was then used in 1856 to relocate people from the Pitcairn Islands, which had become overpopulated, and Norfolk Island was consequently designated "a distinct and separate settlement" from mainland Australia on 24 June of the same year. It later lost its self-governing status in 1897, when the British placed the territory under the administration of the Governor of New South Wales. The island joined the now-independent Commonwealth of Australia as a territory under the Norfolk Island Act 1913. However, its exact constitutional relationship with the rest of the commonwealth was not enunciated at the time.
A royal commission was established in 1975 to resolve Norfolk Island's constitutional status. Four years later, the territory was granted its own legislative assembly, but remained unrepresented in the Federal Parliament. The bill that became the Norfolk Island Flag and Public Seal Act 1979 was introduced to the Australian Parliament that same year and received royal assent on 17 January 1980.

## Design
### Description

The flag of Norfolk Island is described in detail in Norfolk Island Flag and Public Seal Act 1979, federal legislation that has been in force from 17 January 1980. It specifies the flag is to have an aspect ratio of 1:2. The act specifies Pantone Matching System 356 for the green of the flag, without giving any further detail on the white.
Norfolk Island flag colour :
| Colour | Pantone | converted to RGB | Hex form |
| Green | 356 | 0-120-51 | #007833 |
| White | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |

### Symbolism

The colours and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The green symbolises Norfolk Island's plentiful vegetation and fertile land. The Norfolk Island pine is native to the islands, and is the official tree of the territory.

### Similarities

The Norfolk Islander flag bears a likeness to the flag of Canada. Both banners employ only two colours in a vertical triband design and feature a regional arboreal symbol in the middle band. The flag is also similar to the flag of Neuquén Province. Both banners employ a two coloured triband design and feature an araucaria tree. Norfolk Island's flag is also analogous to the flag of Nigeria, which utilises a triband of green and white in a similar fashion.
# Tschierva Glacier

The Tschierva Glacier (Romansh: Vadret da Tschierva) is a 4 km (2.5 mi) long glacier (2005) situated in the Bernina Range in the canton of Graubünden/Grisons in Switzerland. In 1973 it had an area of 6.2 km$^2$ (2.4 sq mi).
# Calibanus hookeri

One of only two species in its genus, Calibanus hookeri is a member of the family Asparagaceae native to Tamaulipas in Mexico, which can easily be mistaken in the wild for a boulder overgrown with grass tufts.

## Description

Calibanus hookeri forms a large caudex which has been known to reach diameters and heights of up to 2.6 feet. Atop the caudex sprouts extremely narrow greyish-green leaves that look like grass. Each leaf rosette grown from the caudex is believed to be a vegetatively produced independent plant which dies after fruiting to be replaced by a new one. Flower stalks grow to 2–3.3 feet tall with many branchings and bear tiny, greenish white flowers.

## Cultivation

Calibanus hookeri likes full sunlight and well drained and fertilized soils. Should be grown in a large and shallow container and should be kept outside in summer.

## Gallery

* Closeup of leaves and caudex of Calibanus hookeri
* Detail of corky bark of caudex of Calibanus hookeri
# List of botanical and zoological gardens

The following are both botanical gardens and zoological gardens:
* Baguio Botanical Garden, also known as Botanical & Zoological Garden, in the Philippines
* Botanical and Zoological Garden of Tsimbazaza, in Antananarivo, Madagascar
* Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens, near Orlando, Florida, United States
* Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, in Ohio, United States
* Fukuoka Municipal Zoo and Botanical Garden, in Fukuoka, Japan
* Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens
* Leeds Zoological and Botanical Gardens, in West Yorkshire, England
* Manila Zoo (formally the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden), in the Philippines
* Maui Nui Botanical Gardens, in Kahului, Maui, Hawaii, United States
* Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, in Oklahoma, United States
* Sasebo Zoological Park and Botanical Garden, in Nagasaki, Japan
# Václav Láska (mathematician)

Václav Jan Láska (1862–1943) was a Czech surveyor, astronomer, geophysicist, and mathematician. He was based mainly at Charles University, and was the founding director (1920-1933) of the State Institute of Geophysics, which later became the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

## Láska's empirical rule

This empirical rule is one way how to approximate the distance from an earthquake's epicenter. The rule is most fitting for distance in the range of 2 − 10 Mm (thousand km). The epicentral distance in thousands of km is roughly equal to the difference between arrival times of S and P waves in minutes minus 1.
# Forgive Me, John

"Forgive Me, John" is a song written by Fuzzy Owen, Jean Shepard, and Lewis Talley and was recorded by Ferlin Husky and Jean Shepard. It was released in September 1953. The song reached number 4 on the Billboard Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes chart and number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song was about a follow-up letter sent to John by his former sweetheart, who realized she had done wrong by marrying John's brother Don and wants to return to him, and is willing to "undo the awful wrong I've done." John reads the letter and decides he doesn't want to "do him like he done me" and wishes them well and decides to reenlist.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1953) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes | 4 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 24 |
# Jay Bandy

Jay Bandy (born 29 May 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for Parramatta, Northern Eagles and South Sydney in the NRL competition.

## Playing career

Bandy made his first grade debut for Parramatta against South Sydney in round 26 1999. Bandy played at hooker in a 34–16 victory. At the time, this match was to be South Sydney's last in the competition as they were controversially axed from the league for the 2000 NRL season.
At the end of 1999, Bandy was released by Parramatta and joined the newly formed Northern Eagles. Bandy scored his only first grade try in round 4 of the 2001 NRL season against Canterbury-Bankstown at the Sydney Showground Stadium.
At the end of 2001, Bandy was released by the Northern Eagles and he joined South Sydney who had just won readmission back into the NRL after a long battle through the court system. Bandy made his debut for Souths in round 13 2002 against arch rivals the Sydney Roosters at the Sydney Football Stadium which ended in a 42–6 loss. The following week, Bandy played in his final top grade game as Souths were thrashed 46-10 by the New Zealand Warriors.
# Order of Isabella II

The Order of the Infanta was a chivalric order of Spain, with only one class and awarded solely to soldiers, with a gold medal for officers and a silver one for other ranks, both on a blue ribbon attached to the lapel. It was set up on 19 June 1833 by Ferdinand VII to mark the oath of loyalty he made that day to his daughter Isabella as heir to the throne. It was renamed the Order of Isabella II on her accession to the throne in 1833.
# Flag of Nigeria (1914–1960)

The flag of Nigeria between 1914 and 1960 was a British Blue Ensign with a green six-pointed star described as the Seal of Solomon, surrounding a Tudor Crown (changed to St Edward's Crown in 1953) with the white word "Nigeria" under it on a red disc. It was adopted by the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria following the amalgamation of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate.

## History

The colonial flag of Nigeria was adopted in 1914 following the amalgamation of Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria. The badge on the flag was also used on the flag of the governor-general of Nigeria.
In April 1940, former colonial governor-general Frederick Lugard explained the green hexagram on the flag:
   "The design of the interlaced triangles is I think commonly called Solomon's Seal. I do not know if and when it was adopted as the seal of Islam but it was found on the lid of a very handsome goblet or jug of brass and copper covered with designs, which was captured by the troops when the Emir of Kontagora, the principle slave-raider in Northern Nigeria was defeated. I thought it an appropriate badge for Northern Nigeria and as far as I can remember it was my own suggestion. On amalgamation of North and South it was adopted as the emblem of united Nigeria."
The flag was not universally accepted. In 1959, prior to Nigerian independence, a competition to design a new flag was held with Taiwo Akinkunmi designing the new flag of Nigeria which replaced the colonial flag in 1960.
* Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952)
* Civil Ensign of Nigeria (1914–1952)
* Flag of the governor-general of Nigeria (1914–1952)
# Echidna flea

The echidna flea (Bradiopsylla echidnae) is the larger of two species of flea commonly found on the short-beaked echidna. It is monotypic, that is, the only species in the genus. This flea reaches 4 millimetres in length and has been claimed to be the world's largest flea. This statement is in error as the world's largest flea is known to be the mountain beaver flea which can be as large as 12 millimetres in length.
The echidna flea is found on short-beaked Echidnas in southeastern Australia and Tasmania, and although echidnas are distributed more widely throughout Australasia, it has not been recorded in New Guinea where other species of echidna occur (Zaglossus and Tachyglossus).The echidna flea has also been recorded once on a Tasmanian devil.
The echidna flea has been a subject in several molecular studies as the out-group for phylogenetic trees of cat and dog fleas.
Evidence suggests that the echidna flea, in large infestation quantities, is responsible for a type of anemia and perhaps even a type of lymphoma in the short-beaked echidna.
# Tuiti Makitanara

Tuiti Makitanara (8 August 1874 – 24 June 1932), sometimes known as Sweet MacDonald, was a Māori and United Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

## Early life and family

Of Rangitāne, Ngāti Kuia, Muaūpoko and Ngāti Apa descent, Makitanara was born at Havelock in 1874. His mother was Rina Puhipuhi Meihana and his father was Teoti MacDonald. Predominantly self-educated, Makitanara began working as a farmer with his father at age 14, and later became a flaxmiller in Marlborough and at Foxton. He married Karaitiana McGregor in about 1889 and the couple had eight children.
Makitanara assisted Elsdon Best and William John Elvy with the collection of Māori history in Marlborough, took an active interest in Māori land issues and education, and assisted with the recruitment of Māori during World War I.

## Member of Parliament

Makitanara first stood for Parliament at the 1925 general election as an independent candidate for Southern Maori, finishing second, 16 votes behind the incumbent, Henare Uru, in a field of five.
At the 1928 general election, Makitanara once again stood for the Southern Maori seat, this time as the candidate of the United Party. He tied with the Rātana candidate, Eruera Tirikatene, 198 votes each, but was elected on the casting vote of the returning officer.
Makitanara was re-elected in the 1931 general election, defeating Tirikatene with a majority of 20 votes. However, he died suddenly at Hokio Beach, near Levin, less than seven months later, on 24 June 1932.
# Calibanus

Calibanus was a genus of two species of flowering plants, both evergreen succulents from dry areas of northeastern Mexico.The genus was subsumed in the genus Beaucarnea in the year 2014. The APG III classification system places Beaucarnea in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae.) The now-defunct Calibanus was formerly included in the Agavaceae (now Agavoideae) but was separated from them, for it is polycarpic and dioecious. Its name refers to the monster Caliban, an antagonist in Shakespeare's The Tempest.
Calibanus is dioecious. It is extremely drought-tolerant, with a slow-growing habit. It has tuberous roots called caudices. The caudex can grow to 1m in diameter, with clumps of green-blue, coarse, grasslike, wiry leaves 50 cm long rising from the center and arching down with age. Clusters of tiny, creamy-white flowers, sometimes tinged with pink or purple, are rigid, about 10–20 cm long. Female plants bear globose, ovoid, 3-angled berries with ellipsoid seeds.
* Closeup of leaves and caudex of Calibanus hookeri
* Detail of corky bark of caudex of Calibanus hookeri

## Species

* Calibanus glassianus L.Hern. & Zamudio - Guanajuato
* Calibanus hookeri (Lem.) Trel. - San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo
# Space Communication

Space communication may refer to:
* Communication between spacecraft
* Spacecom, an Israeli company
# Vuiviawa Naduvalo

Vuiviawa Naduvalo (born 23 May 1996 27Y.O) is a Fijian rugby sevens player.
Naduvalo was part of the Fiji sevens team that won a silver medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He also won a gold medal at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town.
# Forest Lake Memorial Parks

Forest Lake Memorial Parks is a network of memorial parks in the Philippines. With over 25 years of service, the company has grown to become the largest memorial park developer in the country, with a presence across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

## Notable interments

Forest Lake Memorial Parks is the final resting place for several notable individuals. Among those laid to rest in their grounds are:
* John Matthew Salilig, a hazing victim, at Forest Lake Memorial Park in Barangay Tumaga, Zamboanga City.
* First Lt. Karl Joseph Hintay, a hero pilot of the Philippine Air Force, at Forest Lake Memorial Park in Barangay Maa, Davao City.
* Christine Angelica Dacera, a flight attendant whose case garnered national attention, at Forest Lake Memorial Park in General Santos City.
* Angelyn Aguirre, an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) who was honored for her heroism, at Forest Lake in San Carlos City, Pangasinan.
* Victims of the Maguindanao massacre, one of the deadliest attacks on journalists worldwide. On November 23, 2009, 58 people were killed, including 32 journalists and media workers. A mass grave at Forest Lake Memorial Park in General Santos City holds some of these victims, such as Marife Montano, Gina de la Cruz, Marites Cablitas, Eleanor Dalmacio, Ian Subang, Rubell Bataluna, Russel Morales, and Ronnie Perante. The park has been a site for commemoration activities and continues to be a place where families and friends gather to honor their memory and call for justice.
# Jean-Bart

The Jean-Bart was a French automobile manufactured in 1907 only. Successor to the Prosper-Lambert, the company built shaft-driven cars, single-cylinders of 9 hp and fours of 16 hp and 40 hp.
# Torawakamaru the Koga Ninja

Torawakamaru the Koga Ninja (忍術御前試合, Ninjutsu gozen-jiai) is a black-and-white Japanese film directed by Tadashi Sawashima.
# Flanders Fields

Flanders Fields is a common English name of the World War I battlefields in an area straddling the Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders as well as the French department of Nord, part of which makes up the area known as French Flanders.

## Description

The name Flanders Fields is particularly associated with battles that took place in the Ypres Salient, including the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Passchendaele. For most of the war, the front line ran continuously from south of Nieuwpoort on the Belgian coast, across Flanders Fields into the centre of Northern France before moving eastwards and it was known as the Western Front.
The phrase was popularized by a poem, "In Flanders Fields", by Canadian Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae which was inspired by his service during the Second Battle of Ypres.
* Trenches and No Man's Land at Flanders Fields.
# Echidna leucotaenia

Echidna leucotaenia, the whiteface moray, also known as the white-banded moray eel, is a moray eel (family Muraenidae). It was described by Schultz in 1943. It is a tropical, marine and freshwater eel which is known from the Indo-Pacific, including East Africa, the Line Islands, the Tuamotu Islands, and Johnston Island. It dwells at a depth range of 0 to 24 metres (0 to 79 ft), and leads a benthic lifestyle in reefs. Males can reach a maximum total length of 75 centimetres (30 in).
The whiteface moray's diet consists primarily of crabs.
# Tupe District

Tupe District is one of thirty-three districts of the province of Yauyos in Peru. It is home to the Jaqaru ethnolinguistic minority.
There has been much thievery going on and the police are reported to be corrupt and help the thieves in exchange for a bribe.
# Calbourne

Calbourne is a village in the civil parish of Calbourne, Newtown and Porchfield, on the Isle of Wight, England. It is located 5 miles (8 km) from Newport in the west of the island.
The village takes its name from the stream that passes through town, the Caul Bourne. The stream used to power five mills just north of the town. In the deed for the land produced in 826 CE, it is recorded as Cawelbourne.
The village has a post office, a garage, a church and a public house, The Sun Inn. The garage is on the previous site of a blacksmith and wagonmaker. Calbourne is also the home of Westover cricket team, who play on the village green.

## History

There is a privately held manor house, Westover House, on a hill overlooking Calbourne. The Westover Estate was established during the reign of Edward the Confessor. Westover House was once owned by Colonel Moulton-Barrett. Colonel Mouton-Barrett was a relative of the poet Elizabeth Barrett.
Calbourne is also close to the site of Swainston Manor, which is a mile to the east of Calbourne. Now a hotel, Swainston Manor was originally a manor house on a site dating back to 735 CE. Eight hundred years ago it became the location of a palace built by the Bishops of Winchester. It has a 12th-century chapel on its 32 acres (130,000 m$^2$). Most of the present building was constructed in the 18th century, but an attached hall dates from the 13th century. Warwick the Kingmaker reportedly dined at Swainston Manor.
The Calbourne Mill was first mentioned in print in 1299.
Calbourne is the location of Winkle Street, a picturesque row of cottages which frequently appears on photographs and postcards of the Isle of Wight. Winkle Street looks out on the village stream. Winkle Street was originally named Barrington Row, presumably after longtime residents of Swainston, the Barrington family.
All Saints' Church, in the centre of Calbourne, was established in 826. It features a brass portrait of an armoured knight with hands folded in prayer, resting his feet on a dog. The pictured knight is thought to be William Montacure who was Earl of Salisbury and a governor of the island in the 14th century. Legend has it that Montacure was killed when he was jousting with his father. The heartbroken father created altar tombs in every church in every village in which he owned land or houses.

## Today

It is linked to other parts of the Island by Southern Vectis and Community buses Yarmouth and Newport.
A fictionalised Calbourne, as "Malbourne", is the central location of Maxwell Gray's 1886 novel The Silence of Dean Maitland.

## Chale articles

* W24 Calbourne
* Swainston Manor
# Rodelo

Rodelo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Rosa Valenzuela Rodelo, Mexican politician
* Sigfrido Cuen Rodelo (born 1953), Mexican engineer, philanthropist, and former businessman
# Space Communications and Navigation Program

The Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program places the three prime NASA space communications networks, Space Network (SN), Near Earth Network (NEN) (previously known as the Ground Network or GN), and the Deep Space Network (DSN), under one Management and Systems Engineering umbrella. It was established in 2006. It was previously known as the Space Communications & Data Systems (SCDS) Program.

## History

Before NASA's administrator Michael D. Griffin created SCaN to direct an integrated networks program, different organizations at NASA Headquarters have managed the Agency's space communications capabilities and functions under separate Programs using a variety of administrative approaches.
The SCaN Office was established by direction of Griffin in a Memorandum entitled "Establishment of a Space Communications and Navigation Office," dated July 19, 2006. SCaN operates as a central organization within the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD):
   The Office's responsibilities encompass the management of existing space networks including the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite system, the Deep Space Network, the Ground Network, the NASA Integrated Services Network; implementing any improvements and upgrades to those systems and networks; and developing any future NASA communications and navigation architectures.
The Ground Network (GN) has since been renamed the Near Earth Network.

## Services

SCaN is viewed as a service provider supporting interfaces and performing a standard set of functions, including:
* Forward data transfer (uplink to spacecraft)
* Return data transfer (downlink from spacecraft to ground)
* Dissimilar voice communications
* Emergency communications
* Post-landing communications
* Radiometric measurement
* Time correlation
* Service monitoring
* Ephemeris exchange
* Operational coordination
* Service scheduling.

## Communications schemes

Communications with spaceborne platforms is performed by RF, with a selection of spectra, modulation, and encoding methods, enumerated below.

### Spectra

The Space Network communicates with spacecraft using S-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band with planned laser/optical communications.
The Deep Space Network communicates with spacecraft using S-band, X-band, and Ka-band.

### Modulation

SN uses phase-shift keying and phase modulation of the carrier signal.

### Encoding

The Space Network (used for near-Earth communications) supports the following encoding schemes:
* BPSK
* QPSK/SQPSK
* 8PSK
* Rate 1/2 convolutional coding
* SQPN
* PRN coding - used to reduce power spectral density for low bit rate signals, and for time transfer.
The Reed–Solomon method is used as the initial error-correcting block code prior to the selected secondary encoding scheme.
# WHCR

WHCR may refer to:
* WHCR-FM, a radio station (90.3 FM) licensed to New York, New York, United States
* WHCR-LP, a defunct low-power radio station (105.3 FM) licensed to Hobgood, North Carolina, United States
# Fornos de Maceira Dão

Fornos de Maceira Dão is a freguesia in Mangualde, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,459, in an area of 16.25 km$^2$.
# Jean-Baudouin Mayo Mambeke

Jean-Baudouin Mayo Mambeke is a Congolese politician and Union for the Congolese Nation Member of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.