OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pharasmanes IV

P'arsman IV (Georgian: ფარსმან IV, sometimes Latinized as Pharasmanes), of the Chosroid Dynasty, was the king (mepe) of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from 406 to 409.
According to the medieval Georgian chronicles, he was the son of King Varaz-Bakur II and the daughter of Trdat of Iberia. Characterized as a pious monarch and an exceptional warrior, he is reported to have rebelled against the Iranian hegemony and have withheld paying tribute to the shah. He is also credited with the construction of Bolnisi.
P’arsman is identified by some scholars with the Pharasmanes of the Syriac Vita Petri Iberi who was a brother of Osdukhtia, the paternal grandmother of Peter the Iberian, a well-known Georgian theologian and one of the leaders of anti-Chalcedonian movement in the Eastern Roman Empire. Pharasmanes enjoyed a leading position at the Roman court and held the rank of a magister militum under Emperor Arcadius until being accused of committing adultery with the empress Eudoxia. He escaped back to Iberia where he became king and encouraged the White Huns to attack the Roman frontiers. He was succeeded by his brother, Mihrdat.
# Jaan Lüllemets

Jaan Lüllemets (19 October 1932 – 10 August 2004) was a communist politician in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. He served as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of Estonia (ELKNÜ) from 1961 to 1964 and was a member of the Estonian Supreme Soviet from 1963 to 1967. He also served as the district party secretary in Kohtla-Järve during the 1970s. Following Estonian independence, Lüllemets served as head of the Industrial Enterprises Division of the Ministry of Industry and Energy.
# Vegas National Forest

Vegas National Forest was established in Nevada on December 12, 1907 with 195,840 acres (792.5 km$^2$). On July 1, 1908 it was absorbed by Moapa National Forest and the name was discontinued. The lands exist presently as part of Toiyabe National Forest.
# Jang Dong-shin

Jang Dong-shin (Korean: 장동신; born 10 January 1976) is a South Korean ice sledge hockey player and wheelchair fencer.
As a sledge hockey player, he played in the 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. He won a silver medal at the 2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships.
# S. V. Raju

Singanallur Venkatraman Raju (1933 – 19 May 2015) was an Indian politician, best known for his association with the Swatantra Party on post of executive secretary of the party and his editorship of Freedom First magazine.

## Early life

Raju was born in Singanallur; Venkatraman was his father's name, and Raju his first name. Raju was hired by C. Rajagopalachari, the former Governor General of India and retired Chief Minister of Madras, on 16 December 1959 as the Office Secretary of Swatantra Party, which was launched four months earlier. It took Raju one year to shed his socialism and become a member of the party—of which he remained a member till the end of his life.

## Career

When Swatantra Party faded away in 1974, Raju, along with Geeta Doctor, took up full-time editorship of Freedom First in 1978. The Freedom First magazine had been started in 1953 by the Indian Committee for Cultural Freedom, which was established by Minoo Masani in Mumbai. Raju raised funds for its continuation in print, and funds for digitization of the magazine since its inception.
In 1996 the Maharashtra unit of the Swatantra Party, led by Raju and its general secretary, L. R. Sampat, decided to revive the Swatantra Party. To register it again and reclaim the party symbol, the star, they approached the Election Commission of India. But Indian law demands that all parties swear allegiance to socialism, in accordance with a 1989 amendment of India’s Representation of People’s Act. They refused and, instead, filed a writ petition in the Bombay High Court challenging this provision. When both Sampat and Raju had died, the High Court had still not held its first hearing on their petition.
In the late 1990s, he took upon himself the task of reviving the Indian Liberal Group, a platform for liberal values that Minoo Masani had started in 1965.

## Publications

* S.V. Raju (2007). Minoo Masani. National Book Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-237-5079-8.
# Northern New Guinea tree frog

The northern New Guinea tree frog (Nyctimystes gramineus) is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is endemic to the Bird's Tail Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Espirdo

Espirdo is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 372 inhabitants.
# Inner Fort barangays

The Inner Fort barangays may refer to one of the two barangays in Taguig, Philippines.
* Post Proper Northside
* Post Proper Southside
# Joseph D. Kimbrew

Joseph D. Kimbrew (May 31, 1929 - July 16, 2015) was the first African American appointed as chief of the Indianapolis Fire Department. In 1968, he received the first "Firefighter of the Year" award for the city.

## Early life and family

Kimbrew graduated from Crispus Attucks High School in January 1948. He went on to serve in the United States Army, from which he was honorably discharged. Kimbrew was married to Carolyn Scott Kimbrew for 62 years and together they had one son, one daughter, and multiple grandchildren.

## Career

In 1955, Kimbrew joined the Indianapolis Fire Department and worked in multiple stations across Indianapolis. In 1968, he was awarded the first "Firefighter of the Year" award. On January 19, 1987, Mayor William Hudnut of Indianapolis, appointed Joseph Kimbrew as Chief of the Indianapolis Fire Department. During his time as chief, Kimbrew expanded emergency services to include technicians trained to administer advanced assistance for heart-attack victims. He was familiar with both fire suppression and emergency medical services. He retired from the department in 1992.

## Death and legacy

Joseph Kimbrew passed away on July 16, 2015 and the following year, Indianapolis Fire Department Fire Station 1 was renamed in his honor.
# Jack Frendo Azzopardi

Jack Frendo Azzopardi (23 October 1915 – 16 January 1981) was a Maltese water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Vandromme

Vandromme is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Pol Vandromme (1927–2009), Belgian literary critic
* Sharon Vandromme (born 1983), Belgian cyclist
# Qalay-I-Zal District

Qalay-I-Zal District (ولسوالی قلعه ذال), also spelled Qala-i-Zal, is situated in the western part of Kunduz Province, northern Afghanistan. It borders Balkh Province to the west and Tajikistan to the north along the Panj, Vakhsh and Amu Darya rivers. To the east it borders Imam Sahib District and to the south Kunduz and Chahar dara districts. Qalay-I-Zal River flows through the district and divides it in two parts. The population is 60,600 (2006) - 60% Turkmen and 40% Pashtun. The district is almost a desert and only the irrigated land is arable. The agriculture and carpet weaving are the most important sources of income.
The district was fought over with the Taliban in the War in Afghanistan.
The Taliban captured Qalay-I-Zal District on 6 May 2017 during their 2017 spring offensive; Operation Mansoori.
# Jan Macháč

Jan Macháč is Czech sprint canoer and marathon canoeist who competed in the late 1990s. He won a bronze medal at the 1998 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged.
# French submarine Turquoise (1908)

Turquoise was one of six Émeraude-class submarines built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the first decade of the 20th century.

## Design and description

The Émeraude class were built as part of the French Navy's 1903 building program to a Maugas single-hull design. The submarines displaced 395 metric tons (389 long tons) surfaced and 427 metric tons (420 long tons) submerged. They had an overall length of 44.9 meters (147 ft 4 in), a beam of 3.9 meters (12 ft 10 in), and a draft of 3.8 meters (12 ft 6 in). They had an operational diving depth of 40 meters (130 ft). Their crew numbered 2 officers and 23 enlisted men.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two Sautter-Harlé 300-metric-horsepower (296 bhp; 221 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 300-metric-horsepower electric motor. They could reach a maximum speed of 11.26 knots (20.85 km/h; 12.96 mph) on the surface and 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) underwater. The Émeraude class had a surface endurance of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) at 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) and a submerged endurance of 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph).
The boats were armed with four internal 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, two in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried six torpedoes. Turquoise and her sister Topaze were the first French submarines to be equipped with a deck gun when they were fitted with a single 37-millimeter (1.5 in) gun in August 1915.

## Construction and career

Turquoise was laid down in October 1903 at the Arsenal de Toulon, launched on 3 August 1908 and commissioned on 10 December 1910.
During World War I, Turquoise was received a direct hit to her periscope in the Dardanelles off Nagara Point, Ottoman Empire, on 30 October 1915 by an artillery corporal named Müstecip while traveling on the surface. {The crew surrendered) She was repaired by Ottoman forces on 3 November 1915 and taken into the Ottoman Navy as Müstecip Onbaşı, and returned in 1918.

## Citations

* 1 2 Gardiner & Gray, p. 208
* ↑ Garier 1998, pp. 12–13, 23
* ↑ Garier 1998, p. 18
* ↑ Garier 1998, pp. 18–19
* ↑ Couhat, p. 138
* ↑ Garier 1998, p. 12
* ↑ "French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
# Randhirgarh

Randhirgarh is a village in Phagwara in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from sub district headquarter and 55 kilometres (34 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 108 houses and the population of 473 of which 245 are males while 228 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 150 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
# Phacelia lyallii

Phacelia lyallii, common name Lyall's phacelia, is a species of plant in the family Boraginaceae. Classifications in older literature place it within the Hydrophyllaceae.

## Habitat

Phacelia lyallii is native to the central Rocky Mountains of North America. Its distribution covers western Montana, southwestern Alberta (Waterton Lakes National Park), central Idaho (Lemhi County), and extreme southeastern British Columbia (Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park. It is restricted to scree slopes and crevices on quartzite substrates in alpine areas, often in areas with abundant snowmelt.

## Ecology

Phacelia lyalii is known to be pollinated by several Bombus species. It closely resembles Phacelia sericea with which it co-occurs, but can be distinguished by its relatively shallowly-cleft, pinnately-lobed leaves.

## Threats

Phacelia lyallii populations are separated by large areas of unsuitable habitat. They are also expected to have poor dispersal ability. This, along with their high-elevation niche and dependence on summer snowmelt, puts P. lyallii at a high risk of extinction from climate change. Within the southern portion of its range P. lyallii is vulnerable to disturbance from mining. From Glacier National Park and northward, P. lyallii is confined to protected areas.
# MAZ (gene)

Myc-associated zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAZ gene.

## Interactions

MAZ (gene) has been shown to interact with BPTF and Deleted in Colorectal Cancer.
# Josef Panáček

Josef Panáček (8 September 1937 – 5 April 2022) was a Czechoslovak sport shooter and Olympic Champion. He won a gold medal in skeet shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
# Jacob Lienhard

Jacob Lienhard was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during World War I. He would be awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Service Cross.
His Navy Cross citation reads:
   The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Second Lieutenant Jacob Lienhard (MCSN: 0-557), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving with the 17th Company, 5th Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F. in action near St. Etienne, France, 4 October 1918. Second Lieutenant Lienhard led his men in an attack on a strongly held enemy position through heavy machine-gun and shell fire, and although severely wounded continued to lead and encourage his men.
His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads:
   The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Second Lieutenant Jacob Lienhard (MCSN: 0-557), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving with the Seventeenth Company, Fifth Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F., in action near St. Etienne, France, 4 October 1918. Second Lieutenant Lienhard led his men in an attack on a strongly held enemy position through heavy machine-gun and shell fire, and although severely wounded continued to lead and encourage his men.
Lienhard was born in Plymouth, Wisconsin.
# Velika Krsna

Velika Krsna (Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Крсна) is a village situated in Mladenovac municipality in Serbia.
# Qaradağlı, Tartar

Qaradağlı (also, Gharadaghli, Garadaghly, and Karadagly) is a village and municipality in the Tartar Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,092.
# Janet A. W. Elliott

Janet A. W. Elliott is a Canadian engineering scientist and researcher in thermodynamics. She is a distinguished professor in the University of Alberta Faculty of Engineering, and a holder of a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in thermodynamics. Elliott develops and applies thermodynamic models to study the physics of surfaces, such as liquid–vapor boundaries, and to advance cryopreservation, the process of preserving living cells and tissues through cooling and rewarming them without significant damage.
Janet Elliott is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Chemical Institute of Canada, Society for Cryobiology, and Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 2022, she was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
# French submarine Vendémiaire

Vendémiaire was a Pluviôse-class submarine built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the late 1900s. She was sunk with all hands when she was rammed by the pre-dreadnought battleship Saint Louis on 8 June 1912 while on maneuvers off the Casquets in the English Channel.

## Design and description

The Pluviôse class were built as part of the French Navy's 1905 building program to a double-hull design by Maxime Laubeuf. The submarines displaced 404 metric tons (398 long tons) surfaced and 553 metric tons (544 long tons) submerged. They had an overall length of 51.12 meters (167 ft 9 in), a beam of 4.96 meters (16 ft 3 in), and a draft of 3.15 meters (10 ft 4 in). Their crew numbered 2 officers and 23 enlisted men.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 350-metric-horsepower (345 bhp; 257 kW) triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by two Du Temple boilers. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 230-metric-horsepower (227 bhp; 169 kW) electric motor. On the surface they were designed to reach a maximum speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) underwater. The submarines had a surface endurance of 865 nautical miles (1,602 km; 995 mi) at 11.6 knots (21.5 km/h; 13.3 mph) and a submerged endurance of 70 nmi (130 km; 81 mi) at 2.8 knots (5.2 km/h; 3.2 mph).
The first six boats completed were armed with a single 450-millimeter (17.7 in) internal bow torpedo tube; Vendémiare had one fitted in early 1910 while she was still under construction. All of the boats were fitted with six 450 mm external torpedo launchers; the pair firing forward were fixed outwards at an angle of seven degrees and the rear pair had an angle of five degrees. Following a ministerial order on 22 February 1910, the aft tubes were reversed so they too fired forward, but at an angle of eight degrees. The other launchers were a rotating pair of Drzewiecki drop collars in a single mount positioned on top of the hull at the stern. They could traverse 150 degrees to each side of the boat. The Pluviôse-class submarines carried eight torpedoes.

## Construction and career

Vendémiaire, named after the first month of the French Republican calendar, was ordered on 26 August 1905 from the Arsenal de Cherbourg. The submarine was laid down in 1906, launched on 7 July 1910 and commissioned on 4 February 1911.
Vendémiaire sank with the loss of her entire crew of 24 on 8 June 1912 after colliding with the battleship Saint Louis in the English Channel off the Casquets during maneuvers.
# Le Monestier

Le Monestier (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

## Geography

Le Monestier is a rural commune in Auvergne, located in the Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park. Its altitude reaches 1,215 meters at Bois Noirs, the highest point of the Livradois.
# Lost & Found (Jason & the Scorchers album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | B+ |
| The Virgin Encyclopedia of Eighties Music | |
Lost and Found is the debut album by Jason & the Scorchers, released in 1985.
Released by EMI America, the album is regarded as the band's best.

## Reception

AllMusic's Mark Deming called Lost & Found "the best record this fine band would ever make." No Depression also viewed it as the band's best. Billboard called it "ragged but righteous." Trouser Press wrote that "more than just a pedigree to brag about, the band’s genuine hick beginnings make them a lot less inhibited and more apt to cross from cool to corny, punk to heavy metal without fretting much about it."
The band made a music video for "White Lies," which got regular airplay on MTV in the 1980s.

## Track listing
### Side one

* Last Time Around 3:06 (Ringenberg, Baggs, Johnson, Hodges)
* White Lies 3:19 (Baggs, Napier)
* If Money Talks 2:33 (Baggs, Napier)
* I Really Don't Want to Know 4:29 (Don Robertson, Howard Barnes)
* Blanket of Sorrow 2:19 (Ringenberg)
* Shop It Around 2:58 (Ringenberg)

### Side two

* Lost Highway 2:00 (Payne)
* Still Tied 3:20 (Ringenberg)
* Broken Whiskey Glass 3:50 (Ringenberg)
* Far Behind 3:50 (Johnson, Baggs)
* Change the Tune 2:39 (Johnson, Ringenberg)

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 86 |
| US Billboard 200 | 96 |

## Personnel

* Jason Ringenberg - vocals, harmonica, acoustic guitar
* Warner Hodges - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, mandolin, steel guitar, Nashville high string acoustic
* Perry Baggs - drums, vocals
* Jeff Johnson - bass guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals
Technical
* Terry Manning - producer
* Warner Hodges - associate producer
* Jeff Johnson - associate producer
* R. Eli Ball - executive producer
# Intelligence (newspaper)

The Intelligence was a weekly newspaper published in Bowral, New South Wales in 1884.

## History

The Intelligence was first published on 8 October 1884 by William and Daniel Beer, who also published the Bowral Free Press. The Intelligence and the Bowral Free Press were intended to operate as separate newspapers and content in one would not be republished in the other. The Intelligence only produced four issues before it ceased publication on 29 October 1884. As a result, on 5 November 1884, the Bowral Free Press changed its name to Bowral Free Press and Berrima District Intelligencer and began to be published twice weekly.

## Digitisation

The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.
# Joseph Rodes Buchanan

Joseph Rodes Buchanan (December 11, 1814 – December 26, 1899) was an American physician and professor of physiology at the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. Buchanan proposed the terms Psychometry (soul measurement) and Sarcognomy for psychic abilities he claimed humans had. His promotion of paranormal powers in humans caught the public imagination of the period.

## Early life

Joseph Rodes Buchanan was born on December 11, 1814, in Frankfort, Kentucky to Dr. Joseph Buchanan. He attended Transylvania University and while studying medicine, he became interested in the structure and function of the brain.

## Career

Buchanan came to prominence in the 1840s when mesmerism and Spiritualism were popularized. He is given credit for coining the term "Psychometry" (soul-measuring) as the name of his own "science" whereby knowledge is acquired directly by the "psychometer" (the instrument of the soul). Having promoted his science from the 1840s onward in 1893 he released a comprehensive treatise entitled Manual of Psychometry: the Dawn of a New Civilization in which he predicted that Psychometry would eventually supersede and revolutionize every other field of science. Though himself a physician in lectures he denounced contemporary schools of medicine as "educated ignorance" while promoting Psychometry and appealing to Spiritualists. His work inspired other Spiritualism-based scientists such as Stephen Pearl Andrews.
In his Manual (1885) he defined psychometry as "the development and exercise of the divine faculties in man, a demonstration of the old conception of poetry and mystic philosophy as to the Divine interior of the human soul, and the marvelous approximation of man toward omniscience.” It has been suggested that his ideas may have been related to the contemporary fascination with photography, particularly the daguerrotype. He claimed that psychometrically-gifted individuals could identify substances without physical contact, read letters inside sealed envelopes by merely placing them on the psychometrist's forehad and so on. His work was promoted further by the geologist William Denton.
Psychologist Joseph Jastrow criticized Buchanan's work on psychometry as based on delusion and wishful thinking.
Buchanan became the chair of "Physiology and the Institutes of Medicine" at the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. He maintained this position from 1851 to 1856 and became dean of the faculty. Buchanan published for five years "Buchanan's Journal of Man", a publication based on his anthropology. He also wrote the book "Primitive Christianity".
In 1857, Buchanan returned to Louisville and became engaged with politics. From 1863 to 1866, Buchanan was chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee.

## Personal life

Buchanan married three times. He married Anne Rowan, daughter of John Rowan, in December 1841. Buchanan died on December 26, 1899, in San Jose, California. He was interred in Cincinnati.

## Publications

* Manual of Psychometry: The Dawn of a New Civilization (1893)
* Periodicity: The Absolute Law of the Entire Universe (1897)
# Monilispira bandata

Monilispira bandata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4.3 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Barbados and Guadeloupe.