OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Object lesson

An object lesson is a teaching method that consists of using a physical object or visual aid as a discussion piece for a lesson. Object lesson teaching assumes that material things have the potential to convey information.

## Description

The object lesson approach is promoted in the educational philosophy of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who held that teaching should begin with observation of objects which help students recognize concepts. In his teaching and writing he emphasized the concept of Anschauung, which may be understood as "sense training." Pestalozzi taught that children were first to develop sensation, then perception, notion, and finally volition, learning how to act morally based on an individual view of the world.

## History

Object lessons were important elements in teaching during the Victorian era of the mid- to late-nineteenth century. Elizabeth Mayo's books Lessons on Objects and Lessons on shells, which were about object lessons and were published during the Victorian Era, were revolutionary as they were the first to explain education to infant teachers. Mayo's book Lessons on Objects showed how young children could be introduced to new ideas by examining 100 objects like a wooden cube, a pin, a rubber or a piece of glass. The book supplied example dialogues between teacher and child and a list supplied for an object like a pin to get the children to recognize the parts and the qualities of this object.
By the early twentieth century object lessons were widely used in religious instruction. The popular Baptist educator, Rev. Clarence H. Woolston wrote a number of books about using everyday objects to aid instruction, including Seeing Truth: A Book of Object Lessons with Magical and Mechanical Effects, Penny Object Lessons: 25 Lessons for 25 Cents, and The Bible Object Book: A Book of Object Lessons Which Are Different, Written in Plain English and in Common Words.
# Octopus chierchiae

Octopus chierchiae is commonly known as the lesser Pacific striped octopus or pygmy zebra octopus. It has been proposed as a model organism for cephalopod research as it is one of the few octopus species with the ability to lay multiple egg clutches (iteroparity), compared to most octopus species that are semelparous and die after one reproductive event. This makes Octopus chierchiae a candidate for sustainable and multigenerational laboratory research.

## Description

Octopus chierchiae is a small octopus found in the central Pacific coast of the Americas, most often in Central America but sightings have been reported as far north as the Gulf of California. It lives in low, intertidal zones at a maximum depth of 40 meters. The largest mantle length recorded for Octopus chierchiae was 25 millimeters. Newly hatched Octopus chierchiae are 3.5 mm in length and reach adult size in 250 to 300 days. This is advantageous for research purposes, as other model octopus species (Octopus bimaculoides, Octopus maya, and Octopus vulgaris) can be three to ten times larger. They can be identified by individualized striped patterns on the dorsal mantle surface that are unique to each organism and are present throughout their lifetime. These stripes may be visible with magnification as soon as five days after hatching. This allows for non-invasive identification that might increase stress in a laboratory setting.
Males and females are both sexually and behaviorally dimorphic. Males exhibit an arm-twirling behavior by rapidly shaking the tips of their arms, termed as 'tasseling'. Additionally, males do not have suckers on the tip of their third right arm and instead have a hectocotylus, a sex organ that passes spermatophores to the female during mating. Octopus chierchiae reach sexual maturity around 6 months of age and can lay multiple clutches of eggs, approximately every 30 to 90 days.
Octopus chierchiae is closely related to the Larger Pacific striped octopus (LPSO), the only known social species of octopus that exhibits beak-to-beak mating and den-sharing among mated pairs. Octopus chierchiae is not known to exhibit any of these behaviors. However the egg development progression of Octopus chierchiae is similar to that of the LPSO.
# Leonard Mitchell (artist)

Victor Leonard William Mitchell (8 March 1925 – 6 January 1980) was a notable New Zealand artist and gallery owner. He was born in Palmerston North, New Zealand on 8 March 1925.
The Lower Hutt War Memorial Library in Lower Hutt houses three large, important works by Mitchell that are an integral part of the library's design.
# Obscene Publications Acts

Since 1857, a series of obscenity laws known as the Obscene Publications Acts have governed what can be published in England and Wales. The classic definition of criminal obscenity is if it "tends to deprave and corrupt," stated in 1868 by Lord Justice Cockburn, in Regina v. Hicklin, now known as the Hicklin test.

## Timeline of legislation

There have been several Acts of Parliament of this name:
* Obscene Publications Act 1857
* Obscene Publications Act 1959
* Obscene Publications Act 1964
Of these, only the 1959 and 1964 acts are still in force in England and Wales, as amended by more recent legislation. They define the legal bounds of obscenity in England and Wales, and are used to enforce the removal of obscene material. Irish law diverged from English law in 1929, replacing the OPA 1857 with a new Irish act.

## Key cases under the Obscene Publications Act

Scottish prohibitions on obscene material are to be found in section 51 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.
# Obscene libel

The publication of an obscene libel was an offence under the common law of England. Prior to the abolition by section 1 of the Criminal Law Act 1967 of the distinction between felony and misdemeanour, it was regarded as a misdemeanour. It has been abolished in England and Wales and Northern Ireland.
The existence of this offence was denied by Hawkins; and by Holt, C.J., who said that it was within the jurisdiction of the spiritual courts.

## England and Wales

It was an offence under the common law of England and Wales to publish an obscene libel. This was an indictable-only offence. However, section 2(4) of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 provided that a person publishing an article should not be proceeded against for an offence at common law consisting of the publication of any matter contained or embodied in that article where it was of the essence of the offence that the matter is "obscene". For this purpose the word "obscene" was defined by section 1(1) of that Act.
Lord Reid said:
   The obvious purpose of s 2(4) is to make available, where the essence of the offence is tending to deprave and corrupt, the defences which are set out in the Act.
Accordingly, the effect of section 2(4) is that it was not possible for a person to be prosecuted for this offence, unless the definition of "obscene" at common law was wider than the statutory definition of "obscene". This was probably not the case, because the statutory definition is a paraphrase of the definition given by Lord Cockburn, J., in R v Hicklin (1868) L.R. 3 Q.B. 360 at 371.
The offence was abolished when section 73(c) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 came into force on 12 January 2010.
# Oancea

Oancea is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania with a population of 1,546 people. It is composed of two villages, Oancea and Slobozia Oancea.
It is also a border crossing between Moldova and Romania.

## Natives

* Duncan Renaldo
# Lentomitella unipretoriae

Lentomitella unipretoriae is a fungus that was named after the University of Pretoria. This discovery makes the University of Pretoria the first university in the world with a fungus named after it.

## Latin diagnosis

Lentomitellae cirrhosae similis, sed ascosporis maioribus, 8-10(-11) x 4-5 µm, distinguenda.
# Kamano language

Kamano (Kamano-Kafe) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Nomenclature

The terms 'Kamano' and 'Kamano-Kafe' are both used to refer to the language primarily spoken in Henganofi District, although within the linguistics literature Kamano refers to some varieties within the Kamano-Yagaria group, a dialect chain of Eastern Highlands Province

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ |
| Stop | prenasal | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᵑk | |
| Stop | voiced | | | ɡ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | β | z | | |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | |
| Tap | Tap | | ɾ | | |
* Consonant sounds /p t k m n z/ can have preglottalized sounds [ˀp ˀt ˀk ˀm ˀn ˀz] occurring word-medially.
* The phoneme /f/ can be in free fluctuation with a voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ].

### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Low | | a | |
* /e/ can occur as [ɛ] word-initially or word-medially.
* /a/ can occur word initially as [ʌ].

## Clause chaining

Kamano Kafe exhibits a unique form of the clause chaining system often described in Papuan languages. Clause chaining in Papuan languages typically involves one or more medial verbs with limited morphological possibilities being under the scope of a more fully inflected final verb. The medial verbs in these clause chains typically use a switch reference system and various degrees of agreement with final verbs. The Kamano system, unlike other clause chaining systems in New Guinea, has requisite person and number agreement with the subjects of higher clauses. A typical example is given below.
Nägra
I
tr-o-ge-nka,
leave-1P.SG-SR-B.2P.SG
kägra
you
tr-an-ke-no',
leave-2P.SG-SR-B.3P.SG
ägra
he
tre-'n-i-e
leave-PERF-3P.SG-IND
Nägra tr-o-ge-nka, kägra tr-an-ke-no', ägra tre-'n-i-e
I leave-1P.SG-SR-B.2P.SG you leave-2P.SG-SR-B.3P.SG he leave-PERF-3P.SG-IND
"I left, then you left, then he left."
# Kansai Time Out

Kansai Time Out(関西タイムアウト) was an English language monthly news magazine published in Kobe, Japan, between 1977 and 2009.

## History and profile

Kansai Time Out was first published in February 1977. The founders were David Jack (who died on 17 September 2021) and his wife, Sachiko Matsunaga. Matsunaga was also the publisher. It was published on a monthly basis. The headquarters of the monthly was in Kobe.
The magazine was staffed by many throughout the years, and was a focal point for Kansai society, featuring local activities and everts, interviews with both local and international people, and varied articles about social, political and cultural events. The magazine also published several lists. It folded in 2009 after being sold to a bigger publishing group that appeared to use it as a tax loss, shutting it down almost immediately after acquiring it. The last issue to be published was #391 in September 2009.

## Notable contributors

* Doreen Simmons contributed features on sumo
* J. Scott Burgeson.
# Oasis effect

The oasis effect refers to the creation of a local microclimate that is cooler than the surrounding dry area due to evaporation or evapotranspiration of a water source or plant life and higher albedo of plant life than bare ground. The oasis effect is so-named because it occurs in desert oases. Urban planners can design a city's layout to optimize the oasis effect to combat the urban heat island effect. Since it depends on evaporation, the oasis effect differs by season.

## Causes

An oasis contains moisture from a water source and/or plants. When that water evaporates or transpirates, heat from the surroundings is used to convert liquid to gas in an endothermic process, which results in cooler local temperatures. Moreover, vegetation has a higher albedo than bare ground, and reflects more sunlight, leading to lower land temperatures, lower air temperatures, and a cooler local microclimate.

## Seasonal effects

The oasis effect occurs most prominently during the summer because warmer temperatures lead to more evaporation. In the winter, the oasis effect operates differently. Instead of making the oasis cooler, the oasis effect makes it warmer at night. This occurs through the fact that trees block heat from leaving the land. Basically, radiation cannot be emitted back into the atmosphere because the trees intercept and absorb it.

## Urban planning

The oasis effect plays a role in urban development because plants and bodies of water result in cooler cities. Accordingly, cities with parks will have lower temperatures because plants have higher albedo than bare ground or roads. Areas with higher albedo reflect more light than they absorb, leading to cooler temperatures. Normally, cities are hotter than their suburbs due to dense population, dark buildings and roads, and pollution; this is known as the urban heat island effect. However, by careful placement of trees, parks, and plant life, cities can create their own oasis effect. By maintaining plant life throughout a city, urban planners can produce an oasis effect to counter the urban heat island effect; even a small scattering of trees can significantly reduce local temperatures. However, concerns can arise in arid regions with limited water sources where city planners may not want to leave water sources out in the open to evaporate, and may not want to sacrifice water for upkeep of plants.
# Oedipodium

Oedipodium is the only genus of moss in the family Oedipodiaceae. It contains the single species Oedipodium griffithianum, the gouty-moss or Griffith's oedipodium moss. This species is distributed in cooler climates of Eurasia, as well as from Alaska, Washington state, British Columbia, Yukon, Greenland, Newfoundland, Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands.
The relationship of Oedipodium to other mosses has been much debated. Previously, the taxon has been included with the Funariales or the Splachnales. However, characteristics of the protonemata and asexual propagation, along with molecular evidence, point to a closer relationship with the Tetraphidaceae.
| order Oedipodiales familyOedipodiaceae Oedipodium | Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeopsida Andreaeobryopsida Oedipodium Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida |
| The phylogenetic position of Oedipodium among the eight classes of mosses, based on inferences from DNA sequence data. | Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeopsida Andreaeobryopsida Oedipodium Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida |
# Odolany, Szczecin

Odolany is a residential neighbourhood in the city of Szczecin, Poland, located in the municipal neighborhood of Warszewo, in the city district of Północ.

## Name

The current name of the neighbourhood, Odolany, was given to it after 1946, when, in the aftermath of World War II, it was incorporated from Germany into Poland. It was named after the neighbourhood of Odolany in the city of Warsaw. It comes from the Slavic male first name, Odolan. Prior to that, it was briefly known as Mściwoje. Originally, while under German administration, its name was Wedelshöhe, which in German means Wedel's Hill.

## History

The suburban settlement of Wedelshöhe was built between the late 1920s, and early 1930s, to the south of the town of Warsow (now known as Warszewo). It was a small settlement of single-family detached homes and villas with gardens, inhabited by 180 people. The settlement was incorporated into the nearby city of Stettin (now known as Szczecin) on 15 October 1939.
During the Second World War there was located the Polenlager forced labour camp for Polish prisoners captured and deported from the General Government (occupied Poland) to Germany. The settlement was destroyed during the war.
In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, it, as part of the area known as the Recovered Territories, was incorporated from Germany into Poland. It was then renamed from Wedelshöhe to Mściwoje. Later it was renamed again, to Odolany, after the neighbourhood of Odolany in the city of Warsaw.
In the 1960s, in Odolany begun being built new houses. In the 2000s, in the southern portion of the neighbourhood were built multifamily residential buildings.
In 1990, the city of Szczecin had been divided into districts and municipal neighborhoods. As such, Odolany was incorporated into the municipal neighborhood of Warszewo, in the city district of Północ.

## Location

Odolany is located within the southern portion of the municipal neighbourhood of Warszewo, which lies within the city district of Północ, in the city of Szczecin.
# Odokoriko

Odokoriko is a village in the commune of Bassila in the Donga Department of western Benin.
# Kantha (disambiguation)

Kantha is a type of embroidery typical of eastern South Asia.
Kantha may also refer to:
* Kantha, Amarapura
* Kantha, Bhamo
* Kantha, Kale
* Kantha (film), a 2013 Indian Tamil-language drama film
# Kampfbereit

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Brutal Resonance | 7/10 |
| KrautNick | Favorable |
| ReGen | Favorable |
Kampfbereit is a live video album by Canadian electro-industrial band Front Line Assembly, recorded in 2011 and released on April 7, 2015, through MVD Visual. It was shot during the band's 2011 Improvised.Electronice.Device Tour at the Kinetik Festival in Montreal and a number of North American cities.

## Personnel
### Front Line Assembly

* Bill Leeb – vocals
* Jeremy Inkel – electronic instruments
* Jared Slingerland – guitar
* Jason Bazinet – drums

### Technical personnel

* Anastasia Blink – production, direction, editing
* Vlad McNeally – artwork
* Vladimir Potrosky – audio mixing
* Ryan Merrick – DVD authoring
* Olivier Adam – second location direction
# Leo of Phlius

Leo was a tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Phlius. He is best known for his participation in a story in which the word philosopher was first coined, in 518 BC.

## Story

According to Cicero (Tusculanae Disputationes V-III), Pythagoras was in the court of Leo when he (Leo) asked Pythagoras what was his favorite art. Pythagoras said he had none, but that he was a philosopher:
"From whence all who occupied themselves in the contemplation of nature were both considered and called wise men; and that name of theirs continued to the age of Pythagoras, who is reported to have gone to Phlius, as we find it stated by Heraclides Ponticus, a very learned man, and a pupil of Plato, and to have discoursed very learnedly and copiously on certain subjects with Leon, prince of the Phliasii; and when Leon, admiring his ingenuity and eloquence, asked him what art he particularly professed, his answer was, that he was acquainted with no art, but that he was a philosopher. Leon, surprised at the novelty of the name, inquired what he meant by the name of philosopher, and in what philosophers differed from other men; on which Pythagoras replied, "That the life of man seemed to him to resemble those games which were celebrated with the 166 greatest possible variety of sports and the general concourse of all Greece. For as in those games there were some persons whose object was glory and the honor of a crown, to be attained by the performance of bodily exercises, so others were led thither by the gain of buying and selling, and mere views of profit; but there was likewise one class of persons, and they were by far the best, whose aim was neither applause nor profit, but who came merely as spectators through curiosity, to observe what was done, and to see in what manner things were carried on there. And thus, said he, we come from another life and nature unto this one, just as men come out of some other city, to some much-frequented mart; some being slaves to glory, others to money; and there are some few who, taking no account of anything else, earnestly look into the nature of things; and these men call themselves studious of wisdom, that is, philosophers: and as there it is the most reputable occupation of all to be a looker-on without making any acquisition, so in life, the contemplating things, and acquainting one’s self with them, greatly exceeds every other pursuit of life."
# Leo of Vercelli

Leo (c.965–1026) was a German prelate who served as the Bishop of Vercelli from 999. Born in Hildesheim, he was made an archdeacon by 998 and was appointed to the see of Vercelli as the candidate of the Emperor Otto III and Pope Sylvester II following the assassination of Bishop Peter. He worked tirelessly for the extension of imperial authority in Italy during the reigns of Otto III, Henry II and Conrad II. He worked for the imperial chancery, receiving the high rank and title of logothete.
Only a few of Leo's writings have survived, and only one of his epistles. A notable Latin verse encomium written at Rome praises Otto III and Pope Gregory V. He also left behind an elegy of his diocesan predecessor and the so-called Metrum leonis, a sometimes-rhyming adonic poem with fabulous and personal elements.
The only complete copy of Cicero's Epistulae ad Familiares - a work of great importance to scholars of Roman history - is known to have been in the possession of Bishop Leo.
# Oberea pararubetra

Oberea pararubetra is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1965.
# Oberea pagana

Oberea pagana is a species of flat-faced longhorn beetle in the tribe Saperdini in the genus Oberea, discovered by Harold in 1880.
# Kapalua LPGA Classic

The Kapalua LPGA Classic was a golf tournament on the United States–based LPGA Tour. The event was played in 2008 at the Kapalua Resort in Kapalua near Lahaina, on the island of Maui in Hawaii.

## History

For purposes of qualification for the season-ending LPGA Playoffs at The ADT, it was a "standard" event, which means that players earned points toward the playoffs, but the winner did not receive an automatic playoff spot. The point system was ended after the 2008 season.
The tournament was held for only one year, at the Bay Course at Kapalua Resort. It was originally announced that the tournament would be played for a minimum of three years, and the event was placed on the 2009 LPGA schedule for October 12–18, 2009. However, in June 2009, four months before the tournament was scheduled to take place, event organizers announced its cancellation, citing the lack of a title sponsor.

## Winners

| Year | Dates | Champion | Country | Score | Purse ($) | Winner's share ($) |
| 2008 | Oct 16–19 | Morgan Pressel | United States | 280 (−8) | 1,500,000 | 225,000 |

## Tournament record

| Year | Player | Score | Round |
| 2008 | Stacy Lewis | 66 (-6) | 4th round |
# Karaj River

The Karaj (Persian: رودخانه کرج) is a river on the central plateau of Iran. It is the second largest river after Zayandarud in the central plateau region.

## About

The Karaj runs roughly 152 miles (245 km) in length. Its headwaters are in the Central Alborz mountain range, north of Tehran in Alborz Province. It flows south past the city of Karaj, and then flows eastward with its tributary Jajrood River joining in Tehran Province, to flow into the endorheic Namak Lake basin in the Qom Province.
The Amir Kabir Dam is constructed across the river in the foothills of the Alborz mountain range.

## Gallery

* Karaj dam or Amir Kabir dam
* Amir kabir (Karaj) Dam over Karaj River
* Amir Kabir Dam
* Amir Kabir Dam
* Chalus road - Ninara
* Karaj River in Adaran
* Karaj River
* Narrow Karaj River channel under bridge
# Leonowens

Leonowens is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Leonowens (1834–1915), Indian-British travel writer, educator, and social activist
* Louis T. Leonowens (1856–1919), Siamese cavalry officer and trader, son of Anna
# Leontochroma suppurpuratum

Leontochroma suppurpuratum is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Vietnam, China and India.