OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kisi language (Tanzania)

Kisi is a Bantu language of Tanzania. Though only half or so of the Kisi people speak the language, use is vigorous where it is still spoken.

## Phonology

Consonant phonemes in Kisi :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | | kʰ | |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |
| Plosive | prenasalised | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | β | | ʝ | ɣ | |
| Affricative | Affricative | | | tʃ | | |
| Liquid | Liquid | | l | | | |
Consonant phonemes in Kisi that occur only through morphological interaction :
| | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Post alveolar/ palatal | Velar |
| Prenasalised voiceless plosives | $^m$p$^h$ | | $^n$t$^h$ | | ᵑk$^h$ |
| Prenasalised voiceless fricatives | | ᶬf | $^n$s | | |
| Prenasalized voiceless affricatives | | | | $^n$tʃ | |
| Aspirated nasals | m$^h$ | | n$^h$ | ɲ$^h$ | |
Other phonemes:
* [ɾ] and [l] are in a free variation.
* [w] and [j] are not included in a phoneme chart in Kisi because they only occur as glide insertion between historically or morphologically adjacent vowels. [w] does not occur otherwise. For some speakers, [j] occurs as a free variant of [ʝ] which is considered incorrect by other speakers.
Vowels phoneme in Kisi :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| High - degree 1 | i i: | | u u: |
| High - degree 2 | ɪ ɪ: | | ʊ ʊ: |
| Mid | e e: | | o o: |
| Low | | a a: | |
Contrastive and obligatory length is marked with /:/. This does not necessarily reflect a difference in the length of production.
Diphthongs in Kisi :
| Symbol | Example words | Meaning |
| [e]-[i] [be$^i$] | Swahili: bei | 'price' |
| [a]-[o] [ᵑɡa$^o$] | Swahili: ngao | 'shield' |
Swahili: bei, and Swahili: ngao - These Swahili words have been borrowed into Kisi and pronounced with a diphthong in Kisi
# Johann Knief

Johann Knief (20 April 1880, Bremen – 6 April 1919, Bremen) was a German communist newspaper editor, teacher and politician from Bremen.

## Biography

Born in 1880, Knief began training to be a primary school teacher in 1901, joining the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) a few years later. He became a spokesperson of the Bremer Linksradikalen (Bremen left-wing radicals). Drafted by the Imperial German Army to fight in the First World War in August 1914, he was discharged after suffering a nervous breakdown on the Western Front. A staunch opponent of the Burgfriedenspolitik supported by a majority of the SPD's parliamentary membership, he welcomed Karl Liebknecht's rejection of war credits in the Reichstag on 2 December 1914. After his recovery he became a noted leader of the left-wing radicals in Bremen by the end of 1915.
From June 1916 to March 1919, he helped publish Arbeiterpolitik, a weekly newspaper that propagated scientific socialism. He engaged in illegal political activities in Berlin and Munich, where he was arrested in January 1918. From February 1918 he was in "protective custody" in Berlin until he was liberated by the revolution in November 1918. Seeing the SPD as in need of organizational reform, he supported the foundation of an independent left party by the Spartacus League.
Under his leadership, the Bremen left-wing radicals formed the Internationale Kommunisten Deutschlands (IKD) in November 1918. Knief declined to attend the founding congress of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) because it would have required him to vote against the participation of the Communists in the elections to the Weimar National Assembly, as demanded of the delegates by the majority of the IKD. Knief, like Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, was in favour of the KPD's participation in the elections. Karl Radek wrote in his diary that Knief had declined to participate in the founding congress, partly due to political differences in regards to Luxemburg's theory of accumulation, referring to a conversation between Radek and Knief in Berlin before the IKD decided their organizational merger with the Spartacus League on 24 December 1918. Another reason for him not participating was that Knief was seriously ill and physically exhausted.
Despite his serious physical condition, Knief participated in founding the Bremen Soviet Republic in January 1919, and was appointed to its leadership. After the Bremen revolt was put down by the Army and Freikorps Caspari, he briefly went into hiding together with other escaping revolutionaries (among them Heinrich Vogeler) in Worpswede. On 9 March he was designated a deputy of the Communist Party in the Bremer National Assembly, but died from the complications of no less than five operations for appendicitis on 6 April.
# Kingstown (disambiguation)

Kingstown is the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Kingstown may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Kingstown, New South Wales

### Ireland

* Dún Laoghaire, Ireland, named Kingstown from 1821 until 1921

### United Kingdom

* Kingstown, a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland

### United States

* Kingstown, Maryland
* Kingstown, North Carolina
* North Kingstown, Rhode Island
* South Kingstown, Rhode Island

## Organisations

* Kingstown Radio, a radio station in Kingston upon Hull, England
# Kittredge, Colorado

Kittredge is an unincorporated town, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Kittredge post office has the ZIP code 80457. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Kittredge CDP was 1,308.

## History

The Kittredge Post Office has been in operation since 1923. C. M. Kittredge, an early postmaster, gave the community his name.

## Geography

Kittredge is located in the valley of Bear Creek. Colorado State Highway 74 leads east down Bear Creek Canyon 8 miles (13 km) to Morrison and southwest (upstream) 2 miles (3 km) to Evergreen.
The Kittredge CDP has an area of 1,206 acres (4.881 km$^2$), including 0.30 acres (0.0012 km$^2$) of water.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Kittredge CDP for the United States Census 2000.

## Education

Kittredge is served by the Jefferson County Public Schools.

## Notable residents

Kittredge is the home of former U.S. Senator and U.S. Presidential aspirant Gary Hart.
# Johann Martin Veith

Johann Martin Veith (9 May 1650 – 14 April 1717) was a Swiss painter in the Baroque style, known for historical, Biblical and mythological scenes.

## Life and work

Johann Martin Veith studied art in Rome and Venice for ten years, after which he went with the Prince Radziwiłł to Warsaw, where he worked for two years. Upon his return to Schaffhausen he painted portraits of prominent people as well as scenes from mythology and history in the Venetian style.
# John Barritt

Frederick John Barritt CBE (14 February 1916 – 13 May 2014) was a Bermudian politician and businessman. He served as the Speaker of the House of Assembly of Bermuda from 1979 to 1989. Besides this, he served more than three decades in Bermudian politics, serving as Deputy Speaker and Minister of Transportation during his time in politics.
He graduated from Saltus Grammar School, also serving a storied business career. From 1933 to 1970, he was with Powell and Company, serving as the managing director until the company was acquired by Purvis Limited.
He died on 13 May 2014. His son stated that he had suffered from Alzheimer's disease later in his life.
# John Barrington (Lord Mayor of Dublin)

Sir John Barrington JP DL Kt (1824–1887), was an Irish businessman who served as Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1865 (the first time a Quaker held the office) and again in 1879. He was a member of the Irish Conservative Party. He was born on September 6, 1824, to Edward Barrington of Fassaroe, County Wicklow, and Sarah Leadbeater from Ballitore, County Kildare. He was the great-grandson of John Barrington, a tallow candler who founded the John Barrington & Sons company that made soap at their premises on Great Britain St. (now Parnell St.
In 1848, he married Elizabeth Pim (1820–1900), the daughter of Jonathan Pim and Elizabeth Goff, at the Quaker Meeting House, Monkstown, County Dublin. They had five children: Edward, Eliza Jane, Sarah, John Henry and Jonathan Pim Barrington.
While serving as Lord Mayor in 1865, he entertained Prince Albert. Barrington was knighted for his service following this visit. In 1879 he presented the US President Ulysses S. Grant with the freedom of Dublin.
Barrington was a member of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Royal Dublin Society. He was a director of the Irish Mining Company and the Dublin Commercial Gas Company.
Barrington and his wife lived in St. Anne's and later Santa Severina (now Summerhill), in Killiney, County Dublin.
He died on 2 May 1887, and is buried in the Friends Burial Ground in Blackrock, Dublin.

## Arms

Coat of arms of John Barrington :
* NotesConfirmed by John Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, 3 January 1865.
* CrestOn a wreath of the colours a mural crown Proper out of which a hermit's bust in profile vested paly Argent and Gules and having on the head a cowl also paly Argent and Gules.
* EscutcheonArgent three chevronels Gules in base a civic crown Proper on a chief of the second a castle of the first flammant.
* MottoHonesta Quam Splendida
# Kishinoue's giant skink

Kishinoue's giant skink (Plestiodon kishinouyei), also known as the Japanese skink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae, endemic to the southern Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
The species name is a tribute to Japanese fisheries biologist Kamakichi Kishinouye (岸上 鎌吉, 1867–1929).

## Description

Plestiodon kishinouyei is about 30–40 cm in total length (including tail), with a snout to vent length of 14.0–17.2 cm. It is the largest member of its widely distributed, speciose genus, and thus appears to be an example of island gigantism.
# Kjellmyra

Kjellmyra is a village in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Flisa, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of the village of Flisa and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Gjesåsen.
The 0.65-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2021) of 418 and a population density of 647 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,680/sq mi).
# Kjellman

Kjellman may refer to:
* Cape Kjellman, a cape marking the east side of the entrance to Charcot Bay
* Kjellman machine gun, a machine gun produced in Sweden

## People

* Björn Kjellman (born 1963), Swedish actor and singer
* Frans Reinhold Kjellman (1846-1907), Swedish botanist who specialized in marine phycology
* Kristen Kjellman (born 1984), American lacrosse player
# Joel E. Fichaud

Joel E. Fichaud is a judge of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal. He was appointed to the court October 2003 after the retirement of Edward J. Flynn. Prior to his appointment to the Court of Appeal he was a partner with Patterson Palmer in Halifax focusing on civil constitutional litigation.
He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1977.
In 1977, following the election of the separatist Parti Québécois government the previous year, the Canadian Bar Association set up a Committee on the Constitution. The Committee's mandate was to study and make recommendations on the Constitution of Canada. Fichaud was hired as the research assistant for the committee. The members of the Committee were drawn from each province of Canada, and included two future provincial premiers, a future Supreme Court of Canada justice, two future provincial chief justices, and a future Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations. The Committee presented its report to the CBA at the next annual meeting, in 1978.
He was considered a contender for the 2008 opening at the Supreme Court of Canada after the retirement of Michel Bastarache.
# National Council of Ghana Women

The National Council of Ghana Women (NCGW) was a Ghanaian women's organization announced by Kwame Nkrumah in 1960. It was disbanded on Nkrumah's fall in 1966.

## History

The NCGW was established in an effort by Kwame Nkrumah's government to centralize women's groups in Ghana. Nkrumah first proposed merging the Ghana Women's League and the Ghana Federation of Women in August 1959. Hannah Kudjoe and Evelyn Amarteifio, leaders of the League and the Federation respectively, both resisted the proposal. However, after July 1960 Nkrumah's hand was strengthened by an influx of new women MPs. He appointed Tawia Adamafio, General Secretary of the CPP, to oversee the amalgamation of the League and the Federation into a single CPP-controlled body. most significantly . Other smaller women's organizations which were merged into the NCGW included the All African Women's League, the Accra Women's Association, the Young Christian Women Association and the Ghana Midwives Association. The National Council of Ghana Women was formally inaugurated by Nkrumah at the CPP national headquarters on September 10, 1960. New formal structures were introduced, sidelining Kudjoe and Amarteifio, and leadership positions were offered to women MPs and wives of party activists.
After the 1966 Ghanaian coup d'état ended Nkrumah's regime, the NCGW was disbanded. Several of its leaders were imprisoned along with other CPP activists.
# National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research

The National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR, pronounced "Nick Burr") is a biotechnology and biodefense partnership and collaborative environment of eight U.S. Federal government agencies through the National Interagency Biodefense Campus (NIBC) at Fort Detrick, Maryland, US. NICBR was created in the wake of the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks as a way to bring a whole-of-government approach to addressing bioterrorism threats. Before this, countering biological weapons fell to the Department of Defense (DoD) and focused on protection of troops in the field.

## Structure

Four federal cabinet level departments are represented in the NICBR across eight agencies:
* DHHS
** National Cancer Institute (NCI)
** National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
** Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
** U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
* DoD
** United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC)
** Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC)
* USDA
** Agricultural Research Service
* DHS
** National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC)
Some NICBR laboratories are physically consolidated on the National Interagency Biodefense Campus (NIBC) which includes all NICBR partners except NCI, which maintains its own campus on the Rosemont Avenue side of Fort Detrick. The Fort Detrick Interagency Coordinating Committee (FDICC) is the central hub of the NICBR governance structure, which is chaired by the Fort Detrick U.S. Army garrison commander. It is composed of all NICBR partner representatives.

## Leadership and personnel

The FDICC meets twice a month and reports to the Executive Steering Committee (ESC), which is chaired by the commander, U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and is composed of equivalents across the partner agencies. The ESC reports to the NICBR Board of Directors (BOD), consisting of the chair, currently Army Surgeon General, and her equivalents across the partnership. Collectively, the NICBR governance bodies provide strategic direction and oversight.

### Working groups and subcommittees

Reporting to the FDICC are seven subcommittees and three working groups:
* The Sustainment Subcommittee
* The Financial and Business Planning Subcommittee
* The Public Affairs and Community Relations Subcommittee (PACRS)
** The Educational Outreach Working Group (reporting through the PACRS)
* The Security Subcommittee
* The Information Management & Information Technology Subcommittee
* The Safety & Occupational Health Subcommittee (SOH)
** The Medical Directors Working Group (reporting through the SOH)
* The Scientific Interaction Subcommittee (SIS)
** The Select Agent Program Working Group (reporting through the SIS)
The NICBR Partnership Office (NPO) provides a staffing function and coordinating center for and under the direction of the FDICC. The NPO works closely with the subcommittees and working groups to facilitate execution of their individual charters and action items handed down by the governance bodies.
# John Averell

John Averell was an Irish bishop in the third quarter of the 18th century.
A former Dean of Emly, Averell was Dean of Limerick from 1766 until 1770. He was nominated Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe on 14 December 1770 and consecrated on 6 January the following year. He died on 14 September 1771.
# Johannes Mashiane

Johannes Mashiane, nicknamed The Beast of Atteridgeville, was a South African rapist and serial killer who was responsible for the deaths of 13 victims before committing suicide in 1989. Mashiane was being chased by police in the Pretoria suburb of Marabastad when he jumped underneath a bus.
Mashiane started his murderous activity in 1977 by killing his girlfriend. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and was released in 1982. After being released, he immediately started his spate of murder and sodomy, accounting for the deaths of at least 12 young boys by strangulation or stoning. One victim is known to have survived Mashiane's attention.
# Johannesburg (disambiguation)

Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa. Its local government is the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
Johannesburg may also refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Johannesburg, California
* Johannesburg, Michigan
* Johannesburg, Wisconsin
* Johannesburg Mountain, Washington

## Music

* Johannesburg (EP), a 2016 EP by Mumford and Sons
* A 1975 single by Gil Scott-Heron

## Other

* Johannesburg Declaration, enacted in 2002
* Johannesburg (horse) (born 1999), a racehorse from Kentucky
# Johannes Salat

Johannes Salat (also Hans Salat, Hans Seiler, born 1498 in Sursee, died before 23 October 1561) was a Swiss chronicler, dramatist and mercenary.
Much of his life is documented in his diary entries, covering the years 1517 to 1550. A rope-maker by education, he may also have attended the Latin college in Sursee. He lived in Zürich during 1511 to 1519, and again in Sursee during 1519/20 before moving to Lucerne, where he lived during the 1520s and 1530s, during 1522 to 1527 intermittently participating in several military campaigns in French service in the Italian Wars as quartermaster, and in the Musso war in the service of Lucerne. He was also present in the Wars of Kappel against Protestant Zürich in 1529 and 1531.
He received Lucerne citizenship in 1529 (after the First War of Kappel), and from 1531 he worked as secretary to the Lucerne court of justice, a prestigious position earlier held by other notable Swiss chroniclers (Melchior Russ, Petermann Etterlin), and published literary works, often of a polemical and satirical nature. He also compiled historical works commissioned by the Catholic cantons of the Swiss Confederacy. He attacked the reformation in his 1531 Tanngrotz (a term for "fir-sprig", the badge of the Catholic troops). When Heinrich Bullinger reacted in a pamphlet Salz zum Salat (i.e. "salt for the salad", punning on Salat's surname), he followed up with the much more acrimonious Triumphus Herculis Helvetici which portrayed Zwingli and his Reformation as an obscene witches' sabbath. In 1537, Salat published a more conciliatory "book of warning to the Thirteen Cantons". Salat was also in charge of several dramatic performances during his time at Lucerne, the most notable of which was the Easter play at Lucerne in 1538.
He lost his employment in Lucerne due to fraud in 1540 and worked in Fribourg as school-master during the 1540s. He does not appear to have fared well in Fribourg, repeatedly imploring the Lucerne authorities to let him return, even threatening to change his allegiance to the Protestant camp should they refuse. In 1547 he lost his post as a school-master due to the performance of a students' play that was considered lewd. From that time, he survived offering his services as a leech, alchemist and astrologist, until he was allowed to return to Sursee in 1552 after which there are no more records of him. He was dead by October 1561.
# Knockoffs (statistics)

In statistics, the knockoff filter, or simply knockoffs, is a framework for variable selection. It was originally introduced for linear regression by Rina Barber and Emmanuel Candès, and later generalized to other regression models in the random design setting. Knockoffs has found application in many practical areas, notably in genome-wide association studies.

## Fixed-X knockoffs

Consider a linear regression model with response vector $\mathbf {y}$ and feature matrix $\mathbf {X}$, which is treated as deterministic. A matrix ${\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}$ is said to be knockoffs of $\mathbf {X}$ if it does not depend on $\mathbf {y}$ and satisfies $\mathbf {X} _{i}^{\top }\mathbf {X} _{j}=\mathbf {X} _{i}^{\top }{\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}_{j}={\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}_{i}^{\top }\mathbf {X} _{j}={\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}_{i}^{\top }{\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}_{j}$ for $i\neq j$. Barber and Candès showed that, equipped with a suitable feature importance statistic, fixed-X knockoffs can be used for variable selection while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR).

## Model-X knockoffs

Consider a general regression model with response vector $\mathbf {y}$ and random feature matrix $\mathbf {X}$. A matrix ${\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}$ is said to be knockoffs of $\mathbf {X}$ if it is conditionally independent of $\mathbf {y}$ given $\mathbf {X}$ and satisfies a subtle pairwise exchangeable condition: for any $j$, the joint distribution of the random matrix $[\mathbf {X} ,{\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}]$ does not change if its $j$th and $(j+p)$th columns are swapped, where $p$ is the number of features. While it is less clear how to create model-X knockoffs compared to their fixed-X counterpart, various algorithms have been proposed to construct knockoffs. Once constructed, model-X knockoffs can be used for variable selection following the same procedure as fixed-X knockoffs and control the FDR.

## Properties

The knockoffs ${\tilde {\mathbf {X} }}$ can be understood as negative controls. Informally speaking, knockoffs has the property that no method can statistically distinguish the original matrix from its knockoffs without looking at $\mathbf {y}$. Mathematically, the exchangeability conditions translate to symmetry that allows for an estimation of the type I error (e.g., if one wishes to choose the FDR as the type I error rate, the false discovery proportion is estimated), which then leads to exact type I error control.
Model-X knockoffs provides valid type I error control regardless of the unknown conditional distribution of $\mathbf {y}$ given $\mathbf {X}$, and it can work with black-box variable importance statistics, including the ones derived from complicated machine learning methods. A most significant challenge of implementing model-X knockoffs is that it requires nontrivial knowledge on the distribution of $\mathbf {X}$, which is usually high-dimensional. This knowledge can be gained with the help of unlabeled data.
# John Blackburn (musician)

John Blackburn (born 16 January 1976 in Luton, England) is known as a member of Skin's backing band as the bass and keyboard player. His first gig with Skin was on the V Stage for the V Festival in 2003.
Blackburn also played with Joe Strummer & The Mescaleros, filling in for Scott Shields on the 2000 tour supporting The Who during the UK leg, and is featured as a Mescalero in A. Davie's book Joe Strummer & The Mescaleros. Vision of a Homeland.
Blackburn and his family now live in Auckland, New Zealand.