OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church (Eldersburg, Maryland)

The Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church in Eldersburg, Maryland is a characteristic small church of the period (built ~1822), with uncoursed stone rubble construction and a simple plan. The interior is a single barrel-vaulted room. It was erected to serve one of the earliest Methodist congregations in Carroll County, and hence in the United States, as Carroll County was a birthplace of Methodism in America.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Eutropis rudis

Eutropis rudis, commonly known as the rough mabuya or brown mabuya, is a species of skink. It is found in the Maritime Southeast Asia: Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Mentawai Islands, Java, and Sulawesi), Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), Philippine Islands, Sulu Islands, as well as on the Nicobar islands of India.
# Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming

Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming (c. 1494 – 10 September 1547), was Lord Chamberlain of Scotland to King James V, from 1524.

## Early life

He was the son and heir of John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, who was killed in a feud with the Tweedie of Drumelzier family in 1524.

## Prisoner

In November 1542, he was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Solway Moss, but released at a ransom of 1,000 marks, paid on 1 July 1548. During the Regency of the Earl of Arran he took messages from Mary of Guise to the English ambassador Ralph Sadler. He was also happy to receive English messengers at his home at Cumbernauld Castle in 1544.

## Personal life

Fleming's principal house was Boghall at Biggar, where he founded the collegiate church in 1545. The Tweedie family had already endowed a chaplain there in 1531 as part of the resolution of the feud.
Malcolm married Janet Stewart, illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland, after being granted a dispensation on 26 February 1524/5. Their children included:
* James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming (died 1558), who married Barbara Hamilton
* John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming
* Joanna Fleming, who first married John Livingston, Master of Livingston and eldest son of Alexander Livingston, 5th Lord Livingston, who was killed at the Battle of Pinkie along with her father. Sometime after 24 May 1560, she married John Sandilands of Calder, who died in May 1567, with whom she had issue. Before November 1567, she married for the third time to David Craufurd of Kerse.
* Janet Fleming, who married Richard Brown, Younger of Hartree, who died after 23 September 1536. Their son and heir apparent was Andrew Brown of Hartree
* Agnes Fleming (died before 18 October 1597), who married before 1 October 1553, William Livingstone, 6th Lord Livingston, and had issue
* Margaret Fleming (died before 15 Mar 1586/7), who married Robert Graham, Lord Graham, who died at the Battle of Pinkie, and had issue, John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose. Sometime after 30 Jan 1548/9, she married Thomas Erskine, Master of Erskine, a son of John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine. On 1 April 1557, she married for the third time to John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl.
* Mary Fleming, a Lady-in-Waiting to Mary Queen of Scots, who married Mary's secretary, William Maitland of Lethington. After his death, she married George Meldrum of Fyvie.
* Elizabeth Fleming (died after 1550), who married before 24 March 1540/1 William Crichton, 5th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, and had issue including Robert Crichton, 6th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar
He also had illegitimate sons called John and William.
He died on 10 September 1547, aged 53, being slain at the Battle of Pinkie. His will included £50 owed to him by Mary of Guise, and in it he wished to be buried in his new church and his father's remains to be taken there from Boghall. Cumbernauld Castle went to his eldest son, James Fleming. His wife was to have Boghall excepting its artillery.
# Gedges Rocks

The Gedges Rocks (65°20′S 64°32′W﻿ / ﻿65.333°S 64.533°W﻿ / -65.333; -64.533) are a group of rocks located 3 nautical miles (6 km) north-northwest of Grim Rock and 10 nautical miles (19 km) west-southwest of Cape Tuxen, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, and named "Gedges Reef" after The Gedges, a dangerous reef off the mouth of the Helford River in Cornwall, England. In 1971 the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee reported that the term rocks is more appropriate for this feature.
# Learning pyramid

The learning pyramid (also known as “the cone of learning”, “the learning cone”, “the cone of retention”, “the pyramid of learning”, or “the pyramid of retention”) is a group of ineffective learning models and representations relating different degrees of retention induced from various types of learning.

## Description

The earliest such representation is believed to originate in a 1954 book called Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching. A pyramid model was supposedly developed by the National Training Laboratories Institute in the early 1960s, on its main campus in Bethel, Maine, for which the original, internal research is said to have been lost. Despite this, NTL's learning pyramid model became a central representation of this concept with a large number of models drawing from it. NTL's model generally used the following divisions:
| Retention rate | Learning activity before test of knowledge |
| 90% | Teach someone else/use immediately. |
| 75% | Practice what one learned. |
| 50% | Engage in a group discussion. |
| 30% | Watch a demonstration. |
| 20% | Watch audiovisual. |
| 10% | Read. |
| 5% | Listen to a lecture. |

## Criticisms

Criticism emerged on early versions of the model such as Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience. Critics reported inconsistencies between the pyramid of learning and research. The NTL learning pyramid study being lost, the field largely stands on an unknown methodology of unknown quality, with unknown mitigation of influential parameters such as time, population tested, etc., making the original study's results untrustworthy.
# Ogawa Kazumasa

Ogawa Kazumasa (小川 一眞, September 29, 1860 – September 6, 1929), also known as Ogawa Kazuma or Ogawa Isshin, was a Japanese photographer, printer and publisher who was a pioneer in photomechanical printing and photography in the Meiji era.

## Life

Ogawa was born in Saitama to the Matsudaira samurai clan. He started studying English and photography at the age of 15 under Yoshiwara Hideo, then in 1880, he moved to Tokyo in order to further hone his English language skills. One year later, Ogawa was hired as an interpreter in the Yokohama Police Department, while learning photography from Shimooka Renjō in Yokohama.
In 1882, he moved to Boston where he took courses in portrait photography and the dry plate process. He also studied collotype printing in Albert Type Company.
Upon his return to Japan in 1884, Ogawa opened a photographic studio in Iidabashi (Kōjimachi), the first in Tokyo. Four years later, he established the Tsukiji Kampan Seizō Kaisha (築地乾板製造会社 Tsukiji dry plate manufacturing company), which manufactured dry plates for use by photographers. In 1889, he set up Japan's first collotype business, the Ogawa Shashin Seihan jo (小川写真製版所), also referred to as the K. Ogawa printing factory. In the same year, Ogawa worked as an editor for Shashin Shinpō (写真新報, lit. Photography journal), the only photographic journal available at the time, as well as for Kokka magazine (国華, lit. National flower). He printed both magazines using the collotype printing process.
In 1886 he travelled to Seoul in Korea and to Incheon. He photographed scenes of cityscapes, palaces and everyday life. These are uncoloured images and illustrate the progress in his techniques.
In 1888, Ogawa joined Okakura Kakuzō, Kuki Ryuichi, and Ernest Fenollosa as part of the Kinki Treasure Survey, an expedition commissioned by the Imperial Household to survey works of art held in temples throughout Japan’s Kinki, or Kinai, region. Ogawa served as the team's photographer and took thousands of photographs of sculpture, paintings, architecture, and decorative arts that were considered culturally significant. Many of the works surveyed would become some of Japan's first National Treasures.
Ogawa was a founding member of the Japan Photographic Society, which gathered photography amateurs from all around Japan. In 1891, he was charged with taking 100 pictures of Tokyo's most attractive geisha, to commemorate the opening of the Ryōunkaku.
In 1894, he met the writer Alicia Little who was visiting Japan from her home in China. She was already a published author and she had a diary that she had written. Ogawa supplied photographs and it was published as My Diary in a Chinese Farm. The book described their stay on a farm near the Yangtze River as they avoided the summer heat at their home in Chongqing.
* Photographs taken during Kinki Treasure Survey
* Statue of Muchaku at Kōfuku-ji, 1888/1889.
* Kuse Kannon at Hōryū-ji, 1888/1889.
* Miroku Bosatsu at Kōryū-ji, 1888/1889.
* Kagenkei at Kōfuku-ji, 1888/1889.
# Reichenbach (crater)

Reichenbach is a crater in the rugged southeastern part of the Moon's near side. It is located to the west-northwest of the prominent crater Stevinus, and to the west of Snellius.
The rugged rim of this crater has been heavily worn by impact erosion. The rim is wider along the northern side, and has a slightly distorted appearance. A number of small craters lie along the rim, including Reichenbach F along the southern side. The nearly level interior floor is nearly featureless, with only a small craterlet near the northeastern inner wall.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Reichenbach.
| Reichenbach | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 28.3° S | 49.0° E | 34 km |
| B | 28.4° S | 48.0° E | 44 km |
| C | 29.3° S | 43.9° E | 27 km |
| D | 28.1° S | 44.7° E | 35 km |
| F | 31.4° S | 48.4° E | 15 km |
| G | 31.7° S | 49.4° E | 15 km |
| H | 28.9° S | 49.7° E | 10 km |
| J | 30.7° S | 49.4° E | 15 km |
| K | 28.8° S | 42.4° E | 11 km |
| L | 30.5° S | 46.7° E | 8 km |
| M | 33.0° S | 46.5° E | 13 km |
| N | 30.5° S | 43.9° E | 14 km |
| P | 32.0° S | 49.9° E | 12 km |
| Q | 32.4° S | 50.2° E | 10 km |
| R | 26.9° S | 42.9° E | 7 km |
| S | 27.1° S | 43.1° E | 9 km |
| T | 29.3° S | 45.7° E | 64 km |
| U | 32.7° S | 49.5° E | 14 km |
| W | 30.7° S | 43.1° E | 18 km |
| X | 30.9° S | 43.9° E | 11 km |
| Y | 31.2° S | 43.6° E | 16 km |
| Z | 31.9° S | 46.0° E | 15 km |
# Pirey

Pirey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Kedrostis nana

Kedrostis nana (or Ystervarkpatat) is a species of flowering plant in the family Cucurbitaceae, indigenous to scrub vegetation in the coastal areas of South Africa, from Saldanha in the west, along the coast as far east as KwaZulu-Natal.

## Description

It is a dioecious plant with leaves that are often almost entire and barely lobed (unlike its close relatives Kedrostis africana and Kedrostis capensis that are monoecious with deeply lobed leaves).
In its natural habitat, its greenish flowers are produced in February and March.

### Varieties

Three varieties are recognised for this widespread and variable species, although they cannot always be clearly distinguished and many intermediate forms exist:
* Kedrostis nana var. nana. The type variety has leaves that are entire or not lobed deeper than halfway down the leaf's length. Distribution along the mesic coast from Saldanha in the west, to the Eastern Cape in the east.
* Kedrostis nana var. zeyheri. Leaves deeply lobed; upper side usually smooth. Leaf segments somewhat cuneate-to-rhomboid; often somewhat dentate. Distribution coastal or inland, from the Little Karoo in the west, to KwaZulu-Natal in the east.
* Kedrostis nana var. schlechteri. Leaves deeply lobed; upper side usually scabrid with pale pustules. Leaf segments variable (sometimes also lobed or ligulate). Distribution in dry areas near the coast from Riversdale in the west, to near Port Elizabeth in the east.
# Key to the City (disambiguation)

The Key to the City is an honor bestowed by a city upon esteemed residents and visitors.
Key to the City, or Keys to the City, may also refer to:
* Key to the City (film), a 1950 film starring Clark Gable and Loretta Young
* Keys to the City (Mulgrew Miller album), 1985
* Keys to the City (Ramsey Lewis album), 1987
* "Keys to the City" (song), 2008, credited to Ministry and Co-Conspirators
* "Keys to the City" (song by Tiwa Savage), 2014, credited to Tiwa Savage
# Weerawansa

Weerawansa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dinesh Weerawansa (born 1966), Sri Lankan journalist
* Wimal Weerawansa (born 1965), Sri Lankan politician
# Eutropis tytleri

Eutropis tytleri (common name: Tytler's mabuya) is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Andaman Islands, India.

## Etymology and Taxonomy

E. tytleri is named after British naturalist Robert Christopher Tytler, who probably collected the type. It was described by the British naturalist William Theobald in 1868, who was employed by the Geological Survey of India at the time.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of E. tytleri is forests, at altitudes from sea level to 150 m (490 ft). It can be found in native broadleaf forests, agricultural fields, coconut plantations, and around human dwellings and gardens.

## Description

A large species of skink, E. tytleri may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 15 cm (5.9 in). The tail is long, from 1.5 to 2.2 times SVL. Dorsally, it is bronzish brown. Ventrally, it is light yellow. E. tytleri is thought to be the largest extant skink species native to the Indian subcontinent.

## Behavior

E. tytleri is crepuscular. It has been observed climbing tree trunks to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft), and is also active on the ground.

## Diet

E. tytleri preys upon insects, frogs, and small reptiles.

## Reproduction

The mode of reproduction of E. tytleri is unknown.

## Relationship with humans

While the forests to which E. tytleri lives appear to be shrinking as human use of its habitat increases, this species population does not appear to be in decline. E. tytleri appears able to adapt to new, human-created habitats and is known to inhabit many human-used spaces. Furthermore, this skink is not known to be utilized by people and does not appear to be under any specific threat.
# Helvetic (geology)

The Helvetic zone, Helvetic system or the Helveticum is a geologic subdivision of the Alps. The Helvetic zone crops out mainly in Switzerland, hence the name (derived from Helveticus: Latin for Swiss). Rocks in the Helvetic zone are sedimentary and were originally deposited at the southern margin of the European plate. The Helvetic zone correlates with the French Dauphinois zone, French geologists often prefer the French name but normally this is considered the same thing.

## Occurrence

In Switzerland the Helvetic zone is found in outcrops on the northern side of the Alpine mountain ranges. The French Alps consist mainly of Helvetic (Dauphinois) material. In Germany and Austria the Helvetic nappes crop out as a narrow band.

## Subdivision

The Helvetic zone consists of a number of tectonically very different units. The "Helvetic nappes" are a nappe stack that was thrust over the molasse of the Molasse basin in the Alpine foreland. They are composed of Mesozoic marine limestone, marls and shales. The Helvetic nappes are completely detached from their former basement.
The Helvetic nappes are thrust over the "Infrahelvetic complex" in eastern Switzerland. The Infrahelvetic complex is composed of autochthonous Mesozoic sediments on top of Hercynian basement rock. The Mesozoic of this unit is contemporary with that of the Helvetic nappes, but deposited further north on the former continental slope and therefore shallower in sedimentary facies. The Infrahelvetic is internally deformed by thrusting and folding that continues into the Hercynian basement. Because basement and "cover" were not detached, geologists do not call the Infrahelvetic units "nappes".
At places throughout the Alps the European basement was, after being detached of its cover rocks, tectonically uplifted in a late stage of the orogeny. Thus the "external massives" were formed, places where the Hercynian basement rock crops out in large anticlinoria at the southern (or in France eastern) side of the Helvetic zone. Seen from the north (or in France from the west) the hard competent crystalline rocks of these external massivs form the first of the higher ranges of the Alps. These chains are (from southwest to northeast): the Mercantour, the Massif des Écrins, the Belledonne, the Aiguilles Rouges and the Mont Blanc Massif, the Aarmassif and the Gotthardmassif.
# Legend (Mika Nakashima song)

"Legend" is the fourth single from Mika Nakashima's third album, Music. It was released a month after her mini album Oborozukiyo: Inori. It was a minor success, peaking at #5 in the Oricon charts and charting for 11 weeks. Overall, it sold 67,527 units in Japan, of which more than half in its first week. Legend was used as the Sony MD Walkman CM song. The B-sides were "FAKE"; used as the Kanebo Kate CM song, and "Carrot & Whip"; the Meiji CM song.
There are three versions of the song. The first one is the version set to the music video. This track is on the Legend single, the Music album and the Best compilation album. Another one is an island-tinged pop ballad version and it exists on the single as track two. The remaining version is the instrumental, featured on the single as track five.

## Track listing

* Legend (Main)
* Legend (Original)
* Fake
* Carrot & Whip
* Legend (Instrumental)

## Charts
### Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

| Release | Chart | Peak Position | First Week Sales | Sales Total | Chart Run |
| 20 October 2004 | Oricon Daily Charts | #5 | | | |
| 20 October 2004 | Oricon Weekly Charts | 5 | 35,332 | 67,527 | 11 weeks |
# Leonora Polkinghorne

Leonora Ethel Polkinghorne (née Twiss) (1873 – 11 May 1953) was an Australian women's activist and writer.

## Biography

Polkinghorne was born in Ballarat, Victoria, but subsequently moved to South Australia as a child. She was a teacher before her marriage, teaching mathematics and French at the Christ Church Day School in North Adelaide and later becoming co-principal. She became involved in politics around 1909, when she became a founding member of the Women's Non-Party Association of South Australia (later the League of Women Voters) and honorary treasurer of the short-lived Registered Governesses Association. She married Oswald Polkinghorne in December 1910. They had five children.
She served as president of the South Australian division of the Housewives' Association in 1928–29. She was also a vice-president and executive member of the Women's Non-Party Association for a period in the late 1920s and early 1930s, taking over as president from 1938 to 1940. She unsuccessfully contested the 1930 state election as an independent candidate aligned with the Women's Non-Party Association. Her platform consisted of proportional representation, more support for maternal and child welfare, early closing of hotels on Saturdays, "proper control of the feeble-minded", decentralisation, changes to taxation, and "economy of administration in government service". She was touted as an independent candidate for the 1938 election, but did not nominate. During World War II, Polkinghorne, by then a "noted pacifist", spoke out against conscription during that war and dismissed the value of widespread school fundraising to support the war effort.
She wrote several novels as "Cecil Warren", some in collaboration with Kate Margaret Stone ("Sydney Partrige"), not all of which were published, and contributed poetry and prose to several early twentieth century literary magazines.
She died on 11 May 1953 in the Indian Ocean whilst on board the liner SS Oronsay en route to Copenhagen, where she had been due to represent the state branch of the Union of Australian Women at the Women's World Congress. She was buried in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
# Duality (mechanical engineering)

In mechanical engineering, many terms are associated into pairs called duals. A dual of a relationship is formed by interchanging force (stress) and deformation (strain) in an expression.
Here is a partial list of mechanical dualities:
* force — deformation
* stress — strain
* stiffness method — flexibility method

## Examples
### Constitutive relation

* stress and strain (Hooke's law.)
       $\sigma =E\varepsilon \iff \varepsilon ={\frac {1}{E}}\sigma \,$
# Kedrostis africana

Kedrostis africana (or baboon's cucumber) is a species of flowering plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. It is native to Namibia and South Africa.

## Description

It is a succulent monoecious plant, with a large underground tuber, called a caudex which can span to lengths of up to 50 cm. This caudex is a store of water, which enables the plant to be somewhat resistant to droughts.
It develops long climbing stems that reach between 1 – 6m in length. Its lobed leaves are between 6 – 10 cm long.
Baboon's cucumbers form short racemes consisting of 1–12 male flowers. Their petals are light cream to green-yellow coloured. Female flowers are not grouped like male flowers and are also light cream to green-yellow. They bloom during the summer.
They also bear orange fruit, with a diameter between 8 – 15mm.

### Related species

Kedrostis africana is often confused with its relatives in the same genus.
It can be distinguished from Kedrostis capensis by its more glabrous leaves and its much smaller flowers with male and female flowers developing in the same axils. The flowers of K. capensis also usually appear before the leaves do.
It can be distinguished from Kedrostis nana by its being monoecious, with more herbaceous leaves that are deeply pinnate and dissected.

## Distribution

This species is indigenous to southern Africa, occurring from Namibia in the north west, southwards as far as Worcester and the Gourits River valley, through the Karoo as far as Port Elizabeth in the south east, and northwards to KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga in the north east.

## Cultivation

This species can be propagated with seeds or cuttings. Because they can produce separate male and female flowers on the same plant, they are self-fertile. This also allows their orange fruit to readily show. They also grow very slowly.
This plant should be protected from drought, frost and excessive sunlight. Baboon's cucumbers should be grown in well-drained soil, with lots of water during the growing season. Providing with warmth and fertiliser during its active will also speed up its growth.
During the summer, water regularly, but not during autumn or winter as this could leave it vulnerable to rotting. It should also be kept above 0 °C.
Because it's a climber, the stems will need some support.
It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

## Uses
### Traditional Medicine

Kedrostis africana is used to induce vomiting, urination, the prevention of fluid retention. It is also used to treat syphilis. A decoction of the crushed bulb is taken to manage obesity.
# Mölder

Mölder is an Estonian surname, an equivalent to the English Miller.
People with this surname include:
* August Mölder (1914-1982), Estonian-Australian artist who was part of the Six Directions collective
* Jaan Mölder (born 1987), Estonian rally driver
* Janika Mölder (born 1970), Estonian rhythmic gymnast and coach
* Maile Mölder (born 1977), Estonian curler and curling coach
* Raigo Mõlder (born 1982), Estonian rally co-driver
* Tõnis Mölder (born 1989), Estonian politician and government minister
# Eutropis sahulinghangganan

The Palawan sun skink (Eutropis sahulinghangganan) is a species of skink found in the Philippines.