OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-3502

German submarine U-3502 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 16 April 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1647. She was launched on 6 July 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hermann Schultz on 19 August 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3502 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3502 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-3502 was taken out of service on 3 May 1945, at Hamburg, after the stern was damaged by a bomb. Prior to this she was being used as an electricity producing boat.
# Henley Park Hotel

The Henley Park Hotel is a 96-room boutique style hotel located on 10th street and Massachusetts Avenue NW in Washington, DC. It features an upscale restaurant, The Tavern, and is noted for its unique architecture. The Henley Park Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

## Origins

Built in 1918 as the Tudor Hall Apartments, it featured many Senators and Congressmen as residents. Built during World War One, it boasted a Gothic style with 119 gargoyles adorning the exterior of the building (all of which still exist today.) In 1982 it was purchased by RB Properties and converted into a boutique hotel featuring all the original architecture.
# Ghita Beltman

Ghita Beltman (born 5 April 1978 in Haastrecht) is a road cyclist from the Netherlands. She competed in the women's road race at the UCI Road World Championships in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004. In 2004, she won Stage 5 of the Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin.
# German submarine U-822

German submarine U-822 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 20 January 1941, and was laid down on 29 October 1941 at Oderwerke AG, Stettin, as yard number 822. She was launched on 20 February 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Josef Elsinghorst on 1 July 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-822 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-822 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

## Service history

U-822 did not participate in any war patrols.
U-822 was scuttled in Wesermünde on 5 May 1945, as part of Operation Regenbogen. Her wreck was raised and broken up in 1948.
The wreck was located at 53°32′N 08°55′E﻿ / ﻿53.533°N 8.917°E﻿ / 53.533; 8.917.
# Gianarrigo Rona

Gianarrigo Rona (born 18 November 1940) is an Italian bridge administrator and lawyer. He is a former President of the World Bridge Federation (WBF).
Rona was born in Pavia in Lombardy, the third generation in the family of lawyers. He studied law at the Ugo Foscolo Classical Lyceum in Pavia and University of Pavia. In his youth, he played basketball in the Italy's First Division.
Rona is a practicing lawyer. He was a board member of the Italian Board of Lawyers for twenty years, and administered the National Lawyers' Pension Fund.
Rona played bridge at international level. His career in bridge administration began in 1979, when he was elected a board member of FIGB, Italian Bridge Federation. He was the president of FIGB between 1986 and 2009. He was the non-playing captain of the Italian open team between 1984 and 1985. As a chairman, Rona oversaw organization of multiple European and World championships, including EUBL Championships in 1979 and 1998, the European Open Pairs Championships in 1989, 1991 and 1995, the European Junior Teams Championship in 1982, of the European Open and Women's Teams in 1985, and the World Bridge Olympiads in 1988 and 1992, hosted in Italy.
On the European Bridge League (EBL), Rona served as a member of the Executive Committee (1995–), acting Treasurer (1997–1999) and finally the President (1999–2010).
Rona was Member of the WBF Executive Council and Management Committee since 1999, and first Vice President from 2006. In the São Paulo WBF meeting in 2009, he was elected President and took the chair in 2010, succeeding long-term tenure of José Damiani. He was re-elected twice: first time in 2013 in Nusa Dua, Bali, and the second time in 2018 in Lyon. His third term expired at the end of 2022, when he was succeeded by Jan Kamras and Rona became President Emeritus.
Rona resides in Milan with his second wife Cippi.
# Henriette Elvang

Henriette D. Elvang is a Theoretical Particle Physicist and Professor at the University of Michigan. She works on quantum field theory and scattering processes.

## Education and early career

Elvang studied physics at the University of Copenhagen. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1998 and her master's degree in 2001. Elvang moved to America for her graduate studies, earning a doctorate at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2005. She worked on Young projection operators and charged, rotating black rings. Elvang also investigated Kaluza–Klein bubbles and their interactions with black holes. She was a Pappalardo Postdoctoral Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Theoretical Physics from 2005 to 2008. Elvang identified that black holes and black rings can coexist if they are spinning. She named the combination of a spherical black hole surrounded by a black ring a 'Black Saturn'. After her fellowship, Elvang joined the Institute for Advanced Study as a postdoctoral researcher. She was supported by the United States Department of Energy.

## Research

Elvang joined the University of Michigan in 2009 where she works on supersymmetry. She worked on the 4-dimensional spacetime RG flows. She looks to understand quantum gravity and the gauge gravitation correspondence. Elvang described scattering amplitudes using basic quantum field theory, including Feynman rules and Yukawa theory. She uses the spinor helicity formalism. Her work was turned into the first comprehensive textbook on quantum amplitudes, published by Cambridge University Press in 2015. Elvang studies the implications of standard symmetries on ultraviolet divergence in supergravity. She uses the soft bootstrap to constrain effective field theories of massless particles.
Elvang was made a Cottrell Scholar in 2013, developing a sophomore course that taught the value of academic study. The course she developed, Honors Physics Ill/Physics 360: Waves, Heat, and Light, was described by Andrew D. Martin as 'enhancing' the undergraduate course. Elvang developed an exchange program with Bryn Mawr College to attract women into physics research. In 2017 she was promoted to Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan.
She was made a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2018. Elvang's citation read "for profound insights into gravitational field solutions with novel horizon geometries, the structure of quantum scattering in supersymmetric theories, corner contributions to entanglement entropy, and precision holography".

### Awards and honours

* 2021 class of Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
* 2018 Fellow of the American Physical Society
* 2017 University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts John Dewey Award
* 2016 American Physical Society Maria Goeppert Mayer Award
* 2015 University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School Henry Russel Award
* 2014 University of Michigan Individual Award for Outstanding Contributions to Undergraduate Education
* 2013 Research Corporation for Science Advancement Cottrell Scholar
* 2010 NSF CAREER Award
# Henry I, Count of Nassau-Beilstein

Henry I, Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1307–1388) was a son of Henry I of Nassau-Siegen and his wife, Adelaide of Heinsberg-Blankenberg. His parents had initially destined him for an ecclesiastical career. However, he later married Meyna of Westerburg and after his father's death became the first count of Nassau-Beilstein.
Henry and Meyna had three children:
* Henry II, his successor
* Reinhard (d. 1412)
* Adelaide, married Hartmuth of Cronberg.
Henry I, Count of Nassau-Beilstein House of NassauBorn: 1307 Died: 1388 :
| Preceded byHenry Ias Count of Nassau-Siegen | Count of Nassau-Beilstein | Succeeded byHenry II |
* This article about a German count is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Henri Quersin

Henri Quersin (26 June 1863 – 24 October 1944) was a Belgian sport shooter. Competing for Belgium, he won a silver medal in team clay pigeons at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.
# Gianpiero Fiorani

Gianpiero Fiorani (Codogno, September 12, 1959), is an Italian banker and manager who was implicated in the Italian banking scandal of 2005 known as "Bancopoli".

## Biography

With a degree in political sciences, Fiorani was the manager of the bank Banca Popolare Italiana (formerly Banca Popolare di Lodi). In the summer of 2005, this bank was investigated over the Bancopoli scandal, and then by magistrates (GIP) in Rome and Milan. Fiorani is considered one of the "furbetti del quartierino" (smartasses of the 'hood).
In December 2005, after the conclusion of this investigation, Gianpiero Fiorani was arrested. He regained his freedom on June 13, 2006 because of a general parliamentary pardon by a speedy bipartisan initiative of both chambers in the Italian parliament. He spent months trying to clear himself of the charges. 68.4% of the shareholders of the bank where he was the chief executive officer ("amministratore delegato"), voted to sue him in a class action.

## Mismanagement and fraud at the Banca Popolare di Lodi

As a result of the official investigations by the Italian prosecutors' office (Procura Nazionale) and by the Italian National Bank Banca d'Italia it became clear that for years, Fiorani and his hidden associates had become the total controllers of the Banca Popolare di Lodi, using it to gain control of other small banks such as Popolare di Crema, but also for their own personal advantage, such as getting real estate properties for themselves and for third parties, operating arbitrarily, with absolute internal, external and institutional control.
Among other things, the official investigations established that in order to cover its losses, the bank charged its unsuspecting customers increasing bank fees. Thus, according to the (GIP) magistrate Clementina Forleo, many small account holders suffered huge losses. It was also confirmed that if an account holder died and the relatives did not close the account quickly, it was illegally seized by the bank.

## Advice to victims

In an interview given on July 14, 2007 to the Italian newspaper La Repubblica Fiorani released a statement that affirmed, "With all my experience and competence, I find myself in a broadcast to explain to Italians how not to get cheated by banks and insurance companies."
# Gigantidas gladius

Gigantidas gladius is a species of large, deepwater, hydrothermal vent mussel, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae, or mussels.

## Distribution and habitat

These mussels are found around deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the southern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand. They form dense beds in these sites.

## Description

The shells of this species are up to 30 cm long.
# Henricus comes

Henricus comes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mexico (Veracruz) and the United States (Arizona and Texas).
The wingspan is about 16 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in April and August.

## Subspecies

* Henricus comes comes
* Henricus comes vicecomes Razowski & Becker, 1986 (Mexico: Veracruz)
# Henry Jeffries

Henry Jeffries (13 August 1889 – 22 April 1971) was an Australian politician. He served three terms as mayor of Rockhampton, Queensland from 1943 until 1952.
Jeffries was first elected to Rockhampton City Council as an alderman in 1939, before contesting the 1943 election vying for the position of mayor at the age of 53, representing the Civic Advancement Party. He won the election, narrowly beating incumbent Robert William Evans. Jeffries won the subsequent elections in 1946 and 1949.
His legacy includes overseeing the commencement of construction of Rockhampton's Fitzroy Bridge, turning the first sod at the construction site in 1945. Jeffries also had an ambitious plan to redevelop the Fitzroy riverbank in the Rockhampton CBD for recreational use.
Jeffries decided not to contest the 1952 local government elections, and was succeeded by Rex Pilbeam.
Jeffries married Violet Underwood on 17 February 1914 at the Rockhampton Baptist Tabernacle.
Prior to his career in local government, Jeffries had been employed for 25 years in the administration offices of the Queensland Railways Department in Rockhampton.
His sporting interests included rifle shooting and golf.
He died on 22 April 1971.
# Henry Lang

Henry Lang may refer to:
* Henry Lang (public servant) (1919–1997), New Zealand public servant, economist and university professor
* Henry Lang (politician) (1828–1896), American politician, mayor of Newark
# Gilbert Garcin

Gilbert Garcin (21 June 1929 – 17 April 2020) was a French photographer.

## Biography

Gilbert Garcin was born in La Ciotat in June 1929. He was not particularly interested in photography, and managed a factory which sold lamps. When he retired, he participated in a photography contest, and won the first prize, which allowed him to go to a Photomontage training course organized by the photographer Pascal Dolémieux during the Rencontres d'Arles in 1992.
The technique fascinated him, and he began at 65 years old a photographer career, always using the same technique in a rather surrealist technique. He became very well known worldwide for his very particular style.

## Technique

His photographs always used papercuts of his own figure and sometimes the figure of his wife, integrated in a surreal background.
# Scrophularia desertorum

Scrophularia desertorum is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common name desert figwort. It is native to Nevada and eastern California where it grows in dry areas in local mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada and the desert ranges adjacent. It is a perennial herb producing clusters of erect stems that often exceed one meter tall. The leaves have toothed, triangular or lance-shaped blades up to 13 centimeters long which are borne on petioles measuring up to 10 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a wide-open panicle with several hairy, glandular branches bearing flowers. The flower has a spherical corolla opening at the top into a hoodlike, lobed mouth. The corolla is just under a centimeter long and is whitish at the base and deep red around the mouth and on the lobes. The staminode is generally visible in the mouth of the corolla. The fruit is a capsule just under a centimeter long containing many seeds.
# Kenny Cutler

Kenny Cutler (born March 8, 1982, in Richmond, Virginia) is a former American soccer player who last played for Richmond Kickers in the USL Second Division.

## Career
### College

Cutler attended IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida, and played college soccer at Clemson University, where registered 10 goals and 12 assists in 79 appearances, notched three goals and three assists during his senior campaign, and earned First Team All-Atlantic Coast Conference honors in 2003.
During his college years he also played for the Greenville Lions in the USL Premier Development League.

### Professional

Cutler was not drafted by an MLS team following his graduation from college, but following a successful preseason trial, Cutler was signed by Real Salt Lake and his ex-coach at Bradenton Academy, John Ellinger, to a developmental contract in March 2005.
Midway through the year, Cutler became the team's starting defensive midfielder, making 19 league appearances that season. After a somewhat less successful 2006, Cutler's progress was further halted by a chronic groin injury (osteitis pubis) which held him to two substitute appearances in 2007. Cutler won back his place in the team during the 2008 preseason, and played 11 matches that year.
In November 2008, soon after the 2008 season ended, Cutler was waived by Real Salt Lake, a casualty of a league-wide decrease in roster sizes. After an unsuccessful trial with the Vancouver Whitecaps of the USL First Division, Cutler returned to his hometown to sign with the USL Second Division's Richmond Kickers in March 2009., and subsequently helped the Kickers to the second USL2 championship in his first year with the team.

### International

Cutler has played with various youth United States national teams, including the Under-16, Under-17, and Under-20 levels. Cutler captained the Under-17 team that finished 4th in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship in New Zealand — the best finish of any US men's team at a FIFA World Championship.

## Honors
### Richmond Kickers

* USL Second Division Champions (1): 2009
TwoFour Systems
* Inventor of TwoFour Systems, a prestigious platform for Global Payments and Transfers
# Marie Maillard

Marie Maillard became Marie Briel aka Mary Maillard (25 September 1680 – 23 November 1731) was a French born huguenot who was the reported beneficiary of miraculous healing in London.

## Life

Maillard was born in Cognac, Saintonge, France. Her parents, John Maillard and Charlotte du Dognon, were Huguenots. She was said to be lame from birth. When she was about nine, her family moved to the Huguenot area of London to escape persecution in France. When she was thirteen, she was living with another refugee girl named Renée de Laulan. On 26 November 1693, it was a Sunday, and Maillard was reading the Bible when she found that she was no longer lame. Reports of her cure attracted attention. She was called to see the Lord Mayor, and Queen Mary sent four surgeons to examine the case. In addition, the Bishops of London, Worcester, and Salisbury, took an interest. Some saw this miracle as a divine sign.
The physician James Wellwood wrote a letter to Elizabeth Ashurst, who was the lady mayoress, concerning her case, and it was published in London in 1694. Jane Shaw notes that Wellwood took an indecisive approach. This was an enlightened time, and the illogical existence of miracles raised questions. Wellwood noted that the atheists and enthusiasts could decide their approach easily, but he found it difficult to take a side on this happening that was "above the road of nature".
Over the next couple of years, there were other remarkable cures reported of young girls, and each case involved reading the Bible which was published.
Maillard went on to marry the Reverend Henry Briel, who was a Huguenot minister. In 1730, the accounts of her cure were reprinted, and this time Maillard gave her own account, and her permission was given for the publication under the title An exact relation of the wonderful cure of Mary Maillard. Maillard lived and died in Bishopsgate in 1731. Over fifty years later, the case continued to attract interest. In 1787, Wellwood's letter and other accounts summarising the case were republished.
# James Dickson (New South Wales politician)

James Dickson (1813 – 28 April 1863) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1857 until his death.

## Early life

Dickson was born in Scotland and was the son of a farmer. After an elementary education he trained as a tailor and came to Australia as an assisted immigrant in 1838. On arrival he established a successful general store in Maitland and also accrued significant pastoral interests.

## New South Wales Parliament

Dickson was a member of the first New South Wales Legislative Assembly which was convened after the establishment of responsible self-government in 1856. He was elected for the two-member seat of Northumberland Boroughs at a by-election in November 1857 which was caused by the death of the incumbent member, Bob Nichols. Dickson retained the seat, unopposed, at the 1858 election, but the electorate was abolished prior to the next election in 1859. At that election, Dickson was an unsuccessful candidate at East Maitland, and Patrick's Plains. He re-entered parliament as the member for East Maitland following the 1859 by-election caused by the resignation of the incumbent Joseph Chambers who had accepted a position as Crown Prosecutor in the Western Districts of New South Wales. Dickson retained this seat at the 1860 election, until his death in 1863. He did not attain ministerial or parliamentary office.