OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dancing with Death (Vietnam War)

"Dancing with Death" was the satirical term used by US Air Force combat pilots to describe evasive maneuvering while facing advanced Soviet surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) over Vietnam.
At the onset of the Vietnam War, US pilots had carte blanche over Vietnamese airspace. During the initial stages of the conflict, poorly equipped Vietnamese air defense forces were unable to shoot down high-altitude US aircraft using World War II-vintage guns. When they asked for assistance, their chief ally, the Soviet Union, was initially apprehensive but eventually decided to supply S-75 Dvina (reporting name SA-2 Guideline) SAM systems. About 1000 Soviet specialists arrived Vietnam in April 1965. Generous and massive Soviet military aid, consisting of SAMs, MiG fighters, and Kalashnikov rifles, enabled Vietnam to become a formidable belligerent.
In the initial stages of the conflict, US combat pilots referred to anti-aircraft missiles as Russian-made "telephone poles." However, the S-75 missile gained attention in 1960 when it was used to shoot down U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union, and then again when, during Cuban Missile Crisis, a S-75 system shot down another U-2 (piloted by Rudolf Anderson).
The situation changed drastically after the introduction of sophisticated Soviet Anti-aircraft systems. 7658 missiles and 95 S-75 Missile Systems were delivered between 1965 and 1972. Most of the systems were extensively deployed in the periphery of the Hanoi-Haiphong area and US intelligence and reconnaissance flights detected the employment of S-75 systems almost immediately by 5 April 1965. It was in August 1965 that first high- altitude SAMs were fired against the USAF over Vietnam; out of four F-4 Phantom II jets encaged in the first action, three were knocked down. During the first few days US pilots were helpless but soon they developed tactics to dodge anti-aircraft missile systems. The aggressive, missile-evading maneuvers and tactics were jokingly referred to as "Dancing with Death." The pilots generally had only few seconds to react and failure meant certain death. To avoid being hit, pilots would employ high-G turns, low level flying, and turning toward the sun (to spoof infrared seekers).
American commanders were surprised and impressed that Vietnam, deemed to be a pastoral state, could operate such advanced SAM systems. Americans not only devised tactics but decided to suppress the threat caused by Soviet-supplied anti-aircraft systems. They created special units armed with AGM-45 Shrike anti-radiation missile designed to home in on hostile anti-aircraft radar, and special units, named Wild Weasels, to use the new weapon systems and tactics. The launch platforms of these missiles were the A-4 Skyhawk, A-6 Intruder, F-105 Thunderchief, and F-4 Phantom II aircraft. Soviet specialist upgraded S-75 systems on periodic basis and improved its resistance to jamming.
# Dietary diversity

Dietary diversity is the variety or the number of different food groups people eat over the time given. Many researchers might use the word ' dietary diversity' and ‘dietary variety’ interchangeably. However, some researchers differentiate the definition between 2 words that dietary diversity has defined as the difference of food groups while dietary variety has focused on the actual food items people intake.
The "Nutritional Diversity" study or "Biodiverse Food Study, Panama," conducted by permaculturist and athlete Brandon Eisler, and team, indicates that a diversity of naturally grown foods in the area of more than 60 different species constitutes complete "evolutionary" or "optimal performance and health diet," and goes on to say the demand for this model can solve several planetary, and ecological health concerns even in the conversation of climate change.
Dietary diversity is related to nutrient intakes and is also an indicator of dietary quality. Moreover, dietary diversity associated with health outcomes such as being overweight or an increased mortality. Dietary diversity is influenced by various determinants such as physical and mental health, economic status, or food environment.
# Giesecke

Giesecke may refer to:
People:
* Heinz-Eberhard Giesecke (1913–1991), German historian
* Karl Ludwig Giesecke FRSE (1761–1833), German actor, librettist, polar explorer and mineralogist
* Markus Giesecke (born 1979), German futsal player from Regensburg
* Albert Giesecke (1883-1968), American professor
Businesses:
* Giesecke & Devrient (G&D), German company that prints banknotes and securities, smart cards, etc.
* Schelter & Giesecke Type Foundry, German type foundry & manufacturer of printing presses started in 1819 in Leipzig
Geography:
* Giesecke Glacier, a glacier in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland
* Giesecke Isfjord, a fjord in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland
# Correcaminos de Colón

Correcaminos de Colón (transl. Colón Roadrunners) is a Panamaian professional basketball team located in Colón, Panama. The team competes in the Liga Panameña de Baloncesto (LPB) and plays its home games at the Arena Panamá Al Brown, which has a capacity of 3,000 people. It has won a record four titles in the LPB, the last being in 2021.
The Correcaminos have been active at the South American level too, having played in the 2016 and 2017 seasons of the FIBA Americas League. The team was proclaimed champion of the Championship of Clubs of Central America in 2016 when being first in the league.

## Honours

Liga Panameña de Baloncesto
* Champions (4): 2015, 2016, 2017, 2021

## Current roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

### Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Trevor Gaskins
* Ernesto Oglivie
* Alexander Galindo
* Tyler Gaskins

## Head coaches

* Marcelo Signorelli
# Streptomyces aidingensis

Streptomyces aidingensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces, which has been isolated from sediments of the Aiding Lake in Tulufan Basin in north-west China.
# Ganem oxidation

In organic chemistry, the Ganem oxidation is a name reaction that allows for the preparation of carbonyls from primary or secondary alkyl halides with the use of trialkylamine N-oxides, such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide or trimethylamine N-oxide.

## Mechanism

As in other oxoammonium-catalyzed oxidation reactions, the negatively charged oxygen atom of the trialkylamine N-oxide molecule attacks the alkyl halide in a S$_N$2 manner, kicking of the halide as a leaving group. A trialkylamine deprotonates the α-carbon atom, the resulting electron pair shifts onto the oxygen atom, which shifts its own excess electron pair onto the nitrogen atom. This generates the desired carbonyl, as well as the aforementioned trialkylamine. The reaction is an enhancement of the Kornblum oxidation protocol, which was originally developed using dimethyl sulfoxide or pyridine-N-oxide as the nucleophile.

## Applications

The Ganem oxidation has been used as an intermediate step in the total synthesis of (−)-okilactomycin, converting a primary alkyl halide into an aldehyde.
# Missing girls

Missing girls may refer to:
* Missing women of Asia, a shortfall in the number of women in Asia relative to the number that would be expected if there was no sex-selective abortion or female infanticide or if the newborn of both sexes received similar levels of health care and nutrition
* Missing Girls, a 1936 American film directed by Phil Rosen
# Rivulicola

Rivulicola is a genus of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).
# List of public art in South Australia

This is a list of public art in South Australia organized by town. This list is focused only on outdoor public art, and thus does not encompass works contained within private collections, art galleries or museums.

## Adelaide

| Title | Artist | Year | Location | Material | Image |
| A Day Out | Marguerite Derricourt | 1999 | Rundle Mall | Bronze | 3D version of this picture |
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| Paving Art Rundle St | Michelle Nikou | 2006 | Rundle Street | Gold and Silver Coins embedded in Concrete | |
| The Fones | Jonathon Dady | 1992 | University of Adelaide | Glass reinforced cement | 3D version of this picture |
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| Girl on a Slide | John Dowie | 1977 | Rundle Mall | Bronze | |
| Old Dog | Craige Andrae | 2010 | Franklin Street | | 3D version of this picture |
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| Spheres | Bert Flugelman | 1977 | Rundle Mall | Stainless steel | 3D version of this picture |
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| Progress | Lyndon Dadswell | 1959 | Rundle Mall | Copper | |
| Robert Burns | William J. Maxwell | 1894 | North Terrace | Angaston white marble | |
| Roy "Mo" Rene | Robert Hannaford | 2010 | Hindley Street | Bronze | 3D version of this picture |
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| South African War Memorial | Adrian Jones | 1904 | Corner of King William Street and North Terrace | Bronze | |
| Untitled | Paul Trappe | 1979 | Hindmarsh Square | Granite | 3D version of this picture |
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| Untitled | Ulrich Ruckriem | 1986 | Art Gallery of South Australia | Granite | 3D version of this picture |
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| Venere Di Canova | Copied from work by Antonio Canova | 1892 | North Terrace | Marble | 3D version of this picture |
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| Tetrahedra (Festival Sculpture) | Bert Flugelman | 1974 | Adelaide Festival Centre, plaza | Stainless steel | 3D version of this picture |

## Kapunda

| Title | Artist | Year | Location | Material | Image |
| Map the Miner | Ben van Zetten | 1988 | Gawler Road | Fibreglass over steel frame | |

## Port Noarlunga

| Title | Artist | Year | Location | Material | Image |
| Core Values | Terry Beaston | 2013 | Port Noarlunga | Cast cement, glass, ceramic, coloured oxides | |
# Kevin Crawford

Kevin Crawford (born in Birmingham, England) is an Irish flute, tin whistle, low whistle and bodhrán player. He was born in England to Irish parents from Milltown Malbay, County Clare. He later moved to West Clare to improve his music and become more exposed to traditional Irish music.

## Bands

He started in the late 1980s with English band Long Acre working with artists such as Mick Conneely, Brendan Boyle, Bernadette Davis, Joe Molloy and Ivan Miletitch. After recording and co-producing what he described as his most "traditional" CD with "Grianán," a group including Siobhán and Tommy Peoples, Niamh de Búrca, P.J. King, Martin Murray, Paul McSherry, John Maloney, and Pat Marsh (released in 1993), Crawford joined Moving Cloud in 1993, with whom he recorded two albums.
He joined one of Ireland's top traditional bands, Lúnasa, in 1997, replacing Michael McGoldrick. Crawford became the frontman for Lúnasa during their live performances. With the band he has recorded a number of albums, while he has also recorded solo albums and albums with other musicians.
He also tours with Martin Hayes and John Doyle as The Teetotallers.
According to the liner notes in Carrying the Tune, he plays "Mike Grinter flutes and whistles and Susato, Generation and Jonathan Sindt whistles."

## Discography
### Solo

* 'D' Flute Album (1995)
* In Good Company (2001)
* A Breath of Fresh Air (2007)
* Carrying the Tune (2012)

### with Grianán

* The Maid of Eirin (1993)

### with Raise The Rafters

* Raise The Rafters (1995)

### with Moving Cloud

* Moving Cloud (1995)
* Foxglove (1998)

### with Lúnasa

* Otherworld (1999)
* The Merry Sisters of Fate (2001)
* Redwood (2003)
* The Kinnitty Sessions (2004)
* Sé (2006)
* The Story So Far ... (2008)
* The Leitrim Equation featuring Lúnasa (2009) (features Lúnasa and other Irish musicians)
* Lá Nua (2010)
* CAS (2018)

### with Cillian Vallely

* On Common Ground (2009)

### with The Drunken Gaugers

* The Drunken Gaugers: Kevin Crawford, Dylan Foley (fiddle), and Patrick Doocey (guitar) (2017)

### with Colin Farrell & Patrick Doocey

* Music and Mischief (2019)
# List of works entitled De viris illustribus

De viris illustribus (Latin, 'On Illustrious Men') is a literary genre found in ancient Roman, medieval and Renaissance literature.
Works titled De viris illustribus include:
* De viris illustribus (Cornelius Nepos), 1st century BCE
* De viris illustribus (Jerome), completed in 393 CE
* De viris illustribus (Gennadius), a continuation of Jerome's work, 5th century
* De viris illustribus (Giovanni Colonna), 14th century
* De viris illustribus (Petrarch), 14th century
* De viris illustribus urbis Romae a Romulo ad Augustum (Charles François Lhomond), 18th century
# Gertrude Selma Sober

Gertrude Selma Sober Field (December 26, 1869 — November 2, 1949) was an American geologist and mining company executive, credited with discovering the zinc in the Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma. She was called "Queen of the Arbuckles", and inducted posthumously into the National Mining Hall of Fame in 1988.

## Early life and education

Gertrude Selma Sober was born near Farragut, Iowa, the daughter of Morris Smith Sober and Isabel Rebecca Beaston Sober. At age 19, she moved with her family to Oklahoma City, as part of the Land Rush of 1889.

## Career

Sober worked as a stenographer and teacher in Oklahoma, but she experimented with raising crops, and enjoyed searching for minerals in her free time. She began raising money for a mining company in 1906, and was called by one Oklahoma newspaper a "noted mineralogist and geologist" as early as 1907. She was prospecting with a local doctor, R. C. Hope, in 1909 when she discovered zinc, and what became the Southwest Davis Zinc Field, a major deposit in Oklahoma. She and Hope formed the short-lived Indian Mining and Development Company, with Sober as president. In the 1910s she invested in the Bellah zinc mine in Arkansas, and was superintendent of the mine.
Late in life, Sober ran a rooming house for students in Norman, Oklahoma, and took up studies at the University of Oklahoma. She finished university at age 64 with a bachelor's degree in geology in 1933 (the first woman to earn a geology degree at that institution). She published at least one research paper, on rock formations in Noble County, Oklahoma.
In 1988, she was inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame in Colorado, with her nomination promoted by the Association for Women Geoscientists.

## Personal life

Gertrude Sober married Chester Field, a miner, in early 1918. He died in the 1918 flu pandemic the following autumn. Gertrude Sober Field died in 1949, age 79, in Oklahoma City.
# Contwoyto Lake

Contwoyto Lake is a lake in the Kitikmeot Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut, located near the border with the Northwest Territories. With a total area of 957 km$^2$ (369 sq mi), it is the territories' tenth largest lake.
Lupin Mine is located near Contwoyto Lake. The lake is also the terminus of the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road from Tibbitt Lake in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut's only currently existing road access to the rest of Canada. In 2005, there was a proposal put forward to extend the winter road to a possible port at Bathurst Inlet.

## Climate

Climate data for Contwoyto Lake :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) | −6.4 (20.5) | −2.8 (27.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 24.4 (75.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 27.2 (81.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −27.9 (−18.2) | −26.9 (−16.4) | −22.6 (−8.7) | −11.9 (10.6) | −0.9 (30.4) | 9.5 (49.1) | 14.9 (58.8) | 12.8 (55.0) | 4.7 (40.5) | −4.9 (23.2) | −16.4 (2.5) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −7.8 (18.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) | −30.6 (−23.1) | −27.2 (−17.0) | −17.2 (1.0) | −5.2 (22.6) | 4.8 (40.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | −7.5 (18.5) | −20.1 (−4.2) | −27.5 (−17.5) | −11.8 (10.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −35.1 (−31.2) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −32.1 (−25.8) | −22.7 (−8.9) | −9.6 (14.7) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | −10.2 (13.6) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −31.0 (−23.8) | −15.8 (3.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −48.1 (−54.6) | −53.9 (−65.0) | −53.3 (−63.9) | −41.6 (−42.9) | −33.9 (−29.0) | −13.9 (7.0) | −2.2 (28.0) | −3.2 (26.2) | −11.9 (10.6) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −42.6 (−44.7) | −46.7 (−52.1) | −53.9 (−65.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.0 (0.28) | 7.8 (0.31) | 10.2 (0.40) | 11.2 (0.44) | 18.3 (0.72) | 25.1 (0.99) | 36.2 (1.43) | 41.1 (1.62) | 32.7 (1.29) | 30.6 (1.20) | 15.7 (0.62) | 10.6 (0.42) | 246.6 (9.71) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.5 (0.02) | 6.2 (0.24) | 22.2 (0.87) | 36.2 (1.43) | 40.1 (1.58) | 21.5 (0.85) | 2.0 (0.08) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 128.6 (5.06) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 7.0 (2.8) | 7.8 (3.1) | 10.2 (4.0) | 10.7 (4.2) | 12.1 (4.8) | 2.9 (1.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.4) | 10.8 (4.3) | 28.6 (11.3) | 15.7 (6.2) | 10.6 (4.2) | 117.5 (46.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 122 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 3 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 41 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 2 | — | — | 6 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 84 |
| Source 1: 1961-1990 Environment and Climate Change Canada ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: ||||||||||||||
# Hidden states of matter

A hidden state of matter is a state of matter which cannot be reached under ergodic conditions, and is therefore distinct from known thermodynamic phases of the material. Examples exist in condensed matter systems, and are typically reached by the non-ergodic conditions created through laser photo excitation. Short-lived hidden states of matter have also been reported in crystals using lasers. Recently a persistent hidden state was discovered in a crystal of Tantalum(IV) sulfide (TaS$_2$), where the state is stable at low temperatures. A hidden state of matter is not to be confused with hidden order, which exists in equilibrium, but is not immediately apparent or easily observed.
Using ultrashort laser pulses impinging on solid state matter, the system may be knocked out of equilibrium so that not only are the individual subsystems out of equilibrium with each other but also internally. Under such conditions, new states of matter may be created which are not otherwise reachable under equilibrium, ergodic system evolution. Such states are usually unstable and decay very rapidly, typically in nanoseconds or less. The difficulty is in distinguishing a genuine hidden state from one which is simply out of thermal equilibrium.
Probably the first instance of a photoinduced state is described for the organic molecular compound TTF-CA, which turns from neutral to ionic species as a result of excitation by laser pulses. However, a similar transformation is also possible by the application of pressure, so strictly speaking the photoinduced transition is not to a hidden state under the definition given in the introductory paragraph. A few further examples are given in ref. Photoexcitation has been shown to produce persistent states in vanadates and manganite materials, leading to filamentary paths of a modified charge ordered phase which is sustained by a passing current. Transient superconductivity was also reported in cuprates.

## A photoexcited transition to an H state

A hypothetical schematic diagram for the transition to an H state by photo excitation is shown in the Figure (After). An absorbed photon causes an electron from the ground state G to an excited state E (red arrow). State E rapidly relaxes via Franck-Condon relaxation to an intermediate locally reordered state I. Through interactions with others of its kind, this state collectively orders to form a macroscopically ordered metastable state H, further lowering its energy as a result. The new state has a broken symmetry with respect to the G or E state, and may also involve further relaxation compared to the I state. The barrier E$_B$ prevents state H from reverting to the ground state G. If the barrier is sufficiently large compared to thermal energy k$_B$T, where k$_B$ is the Boltzmann constant, the H state can be stable indefinitely.
# Libbie J. Masterson

Libbie J. Masterson (born 1969) is an American photographer and installation artist.
In 2013, she installed a public artwork of 80 illuminated floating lily sculptures on Houston's Hermann Park lake. Masterson's public artworks also include pieces installed at the George Bush Intercontinental Airport and the Hobby Airport, Houston.
Her work is included in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
# Sanda Saidan

Sanda Saidan is a village in Salon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 3 km from Salon, the block and tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, Sanda Saidan has a population of 3,283 people, in 592 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities. It does not host a permanent market or periodic haat.
The 1961 census recorded Sanda Saidan (as "Sanda Siadan") as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 933 people (456 male and 467 female), in 184 households and 177 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 475 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Sanda Saidan as having a population of 1,460 people, in 356 households, and having an area of 189.90 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.