OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurdi

Kurdish languages, a group of Northwestern Iranian languages spoken by the Kurds.
Kurdi may also refer to:
* Jaban al-Kurdi, Sahabi of Islam
* Kurdî pen name for the 19th century Kurdish poet Mustafa Bag Sahebqran
* Curdi, a now-submerged village in Goa.
* The plural form of "Kurd" in the Russian language.
* Alan Kurdi, a three-year-old Kurdish Syrian boy whose image made global headlines after he drowned in the Mediterranean Sea.
* Kurdish (disambiguation)
# Dragutin Aleksić

Dragutin Aleksić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгутин Алексић; 8 March 1947 – 8 October 2011), Serbian naive art and outsider art (also used terms: marginal art, brut art) sculptor.

## Biography

Dragutin Aleksić was a famous Serbian naïve and marginal art sculptor. He was born in Sladaja near Despotovac (Serbia) in 1947. He began doing sculpture in 1968. He died in Sladaja, near Despotovac (Serbia) in 2011.

## Artistic style

His preoccupation with existential problems of farmers, highlanders, miners is visible in the structures of extraordinary expressive force, achieved by a specific manner of procession, more with forceful cuts in the wood by an axe than by a sculptor's chisel. Led by a strong instinct and robust character, he processed the wood rustically, transmitting his raw energy into a wooden mass, emphasizing a predominant force of a man – highlander, who seizes from the nature in his fight for survival. In his sculptures with multiplied figures, central figures or events are rare. While doing sculpture Aleksić liberates a thought, not a tale, hence the intensity of expression is most pronounced in the mere procedure of cutting, quick and capricious, in order to make his idea visible as soon as possible. With deeper, abrupt, unexpected incision in wood he creates dynamic light effects in which the dance of light and shadow provides an additional dynamics to the whole work. He is an artist of action and instinct without pictorial deliberation. Therefore, his idea is raw, uncultivated, but direct, suggestive, sometimes schematically given but intensive and complete. From whole mass of monumental logs, heads and busts emerge, rarely whole human and animal figures and vegetation. In sculptural treatment, Dragutin Aleksić's work has a touch of art brut, or more precisely, is on the borderline between naïve art and art brut.

## Exhibitions and awards

He had his first exhibition in 1970 and he participated in individual and group shows in the country and abroad. The greatest collection of his sculptures is at Museum of Naïve and Marginal Art (MNMA), Jagodina, Serbia. He received many domestic and international awards for his work.

## Gallery

* Sad Master, 1968, wood, height 100 cm, MNMA, Jagodina
* Unhappy Mother, 1970, wood, height 140 cm, MNMA, Jagodina
* Unhappy Bride, n. a, wood, height 155 cm, MNMA, Jagodina
# Pontoon Dock DLR station

Pontoon Dock is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in Silvertown in east London, which is on the Woolwich Arsenal branch, opened on 2 December 2005. It is located in the east of Silvertown in the London Borough of Newham, in the redevelopment zone known as Silvertown Quays, and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

## History

Originally DLR trains from Canning Town ran easterly to Royal Victoria and on to Beckton. On 2 December 2005 the King George V branch (since extended to Woolwich Arsenal) was opened and gave another, more southeasterly, route on which there are now four intermediate stations, West Silvertown, Pontoon Dock, London City Airport, and King George V. During the London 2012 Olympic games it was connected by a pathway over the road to the exit of the ExCeL centre.

## Location

The track through Pontoon Dock parallels the (A1020) North Woolwich Road, and gives excellent views to the south across the Thames Barrier Park of the Thames Barrier. Pontoon Dock station is near the small eponymous quay, the Barrier Point residential complex and Royal Wharf, a large commercial and residential development on the riverside, which now covers the location previously owned by Brunner Mond, where the infamous Silvertown explosion occurred and where there is now a small memorial.
As of September 2016, this memorial has been moved to the main park of the Royal Wharf development.
A crossover at Pontoon Dock allows trains to reverse in service disruptions.

## Connections

London Buses routes 241 and 330 serve the station.

## Services

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour from Pontoon Dock is:
* 6 tph to Stratford International
* 6 tph to Bank
* 12 tph to Woolwich Arsenal
Additional services call at the station during the peak hours, increasing the service to up to 16 tph in each direction, with up to 8 tph to Bank and Stratford International.
| Preceding station | DLR | Following station |
| West Silvertown towards Bank or Stratford International | Docklands Light Railway | London City Airport towards Woolwich Arsenal |
# Gregorio de Hinestrosa

Gregorio de Hinestrosa (fl. 1610–1647) was Governor of Paraguay from June 27, 1641 – February 2, 1647.

## Biography

Gregorio de Hinestrosa was born in the Governorate of Chile, part of the Spanish Empire's Viceroyalty of Peru. His family had a long tradition of service to the Spanish Empire in its government and military. Hinestrosa continued this himself and became an officer; he attained the rank of Maestre de Campo, the commander of a colonial militia in Chile. Hinestrosa also suffered a long captivity as a hostage of hostile Indians in Chile. After his release, he served for a time as mayor of the Atacama region of Chile. He went to peninsular Spain to serve in the Franco-Spanish War and distinguished himself in the Siege of Fuenterrabía of 1638 against the French. As a reward for his service, he was given the title of Governor of Paraguay.
Hinestrosa's term as Governor of Paraguay is most remembered for his feud with Bernardino de Cárdenas, the bishop of Paraguay and a member of the Franciscan order. Both Hinestrosa and Cárdenas arrived in the province in 1641. Both men were proud and arrogant, and the resulting clash of personalities soon became a rivalry for power. Both Hinestrosa and Cárdenas were initially popular among the people. In 1644, however, Cárdenas began to win out in popular support. The Jesuits, who ran the nearby Jesuit reductions, threw their support behind Hinestrosa, while the Franciscans and the Paraguayan settlers supported Cárdenas. Cárdenas railed against the Jesuits, claiming they were teaching "heretical principles" to the Indians, while Hinestrosa and the Jesuits claimed that Cárdenas's ordination as bishop in 1638 by civil authorities had been invalid due to the lack of a papal order. Hinestrosa ordered the Jesuit college of Asunción guarded, but unsure of the loyalty of the local militia, took the unprecedented step of asking the Jesuit's Indian armies for aid. While previous Governors of Paraguay had requested the assistance of the Jesuits against the Portuguese or hostile Indians, asking for Indian support against the Paraguayan settlers was considered an insult by the Paraguayans. Under Hinestrosa's orders, Cárdenas was disavowed as bishop by the local diocese, and Cárdenas was ordered to leave Paraguay. Cárdenas continued his propaganda campaign against Hinestrosa from Corrientes. The province remained in a state of disorder into 1647, with the conclusion of Hinestrosa's tenure as governor.
Hinestrosa was succeeded by Diego de Escobar y Osorio as governor. Escobar y Osorio rebuked Hinestrosa for construction performed on the home he'd taken for his personal quarters from an army widow. After Escobar y Osorio's death in 1649, the Paraguayans would elect Hinestrosa's hated rival Bishop Cárdenas as governor.
# Draco volans

Draco volans, also commonly known as the common flying dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Southeast Asia. Like other members of genus Draco, this species has the ability to glide using winglike lateral extensions of skin called patagia.
The species is exclusively arboreal.

## Description

D. volans grows to a length of up to 22 cm (8.7 in), including the tail. The body is tan in colour with dark flecks.
The patagium of the male is tan to bright orange with dark banding. The female's patagium has irregular markings rather than banding.

## Habitat

D. volans can be found in tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. It is commonly found in early second growth forests, in open secondary forest, and on forest edges.

## Locomotion

The "wings" of D. volans are supported by its ribs, which form the skeleton of the patagia. However, its elongated ribs are superadded to aid forming its "wings", and not to assist respiration.
This species is considered a passive glider, or parachutist. However, previous studies have also shown that it can be considered a gliding animal. This means that it does not have to deal with the aerodynamic and metabolic imperatives required for active flight.

## Behaviour

D. volans is diurnal, and is "commonly seen running along branches, displaying, and gliding".

### Courtship

The colouration of the patagia and the dewlap play key roles in the courtship of D. volans, with the males stretching out and displaying their patagia and dewlaps to get the attention of the females.

### Diet

Draco volans feeds mainly on ants, and possibly other insects like termites. A study was conducted in Eastern Mindanao, Philippines, which found that the species exclusively feeds on ants. It hunts by waiting near a tree trunk until ants come out and crawl close to its visual field; it grabs its prey without moving itself.

### Reproduction

The female common flying dragon digs a hole in the soil to serve as a nest, and lays eggs in it.
# HVV Te Werve

Haagse Voetbalvereniging Te Werve is a football club based in the Te Werve [nl] neighbourhood of Rijswijk, Netherlands. The club plays in the Tweede Klasse, the seventh tier of Dutch football.

## History

HVV Te Werve was founded on 1 September 1916 as a club owned by Shell. The club's name is derived from Landgoed te Werve [nl], an estate in Rijswijk. After having played football in The Hague for many years, the club's board made the decision to return to Rijswijk in 2014. Since then, matches have been held at Sportpark Vredenburch in the Te Werve neighbourhood of the town.
In the 2018–19 KNVB Cup, HVV Te Werve reached the first round of the main tournament before losing 7–0 to national champions Ajax.

## Honours

HVV Te Werve honours :
| Honour | No. | Years |
| Tweede Klasse | 1 | 2016–17 |
| Derde Klasse | 1 | 2015–16 |
| Vijfde Klasse | 1 | 2000–01 |
# David Tidboald

David Tidboald (30 September 1926, Plymouth - 2 July 2018, Cape Town) was a British-born South African conductor.

## Career

Born in Plymouth, Tidboald was conscripted at the age of 18 but saw no action. He was sent to Berlin at the end of the Second World War on his request where he was mentored by Leopold Ludwig and Wilhelm Furtwängler. He first visited South Africa to accompany British ballerina Beryl Grey before later settling in Cape Town. He first conducted the Cape Town Municipal Orchestra (later Cape Town Symphony Orchestra) in November 1957, becoming its orchestral director from 1960 until 1965.
On the formation of the Cape Performing Arts Board in 1970, Tidboald founded the orchestra for both ballet and opera performances. In 1983 he was asked to establish the Natal Philharmonic Orchestra. His legacy includes Cape Town's annual youth music festival, founded in 1975, and Durban's Youth Concerto Festival Concert, founded in 1985.
# Parrocchia Esaltazione della Santa Croce, Pastrengo

The church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross or Esaltazione della Santa Croce is a Roman Catholic parish church, located in Pastrengo, province of Verona, region of Veneto, Italy.

## History

The present church was erected in 1757 to replace an older church. The main altar (1788), made of polychrome marble, shelters the main oil canvas altarpiece depicting Saint Helen adoring the Cross by Francesco Lorenzi. This painting is flanked by canvases: Christ and the Aldulterous Woman (17th-century) attributed to Lonardi, and a Susannah and the Elders before the Judges (18th-century). In the presbytery are two altarpieces (1726): one depicting the Discovery of the Cross and the other, the Sign of the Cross appears to Constantine.
# Dubiya

Dubiya is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,443.
# Indemnity Act, 1977

The Indemnity Act no. 13 of 1977 (Commencement 16 March) of South Africa was enacted following the suppression of the violence by the South African Police and apartheid supporters during the Soweto uprising on 16 June 1976. This uprising was by the black youths of Soweto protesting against the forced Afrikaans medium decree in schools.
With retrospective effect between 16 June 1976 and 16 March 1977, this Act indemnified the government, its officers, and all other persons acting under their authority in respect of acts done, orders given or information provided in good faith for the prevention or suppression of internal disorder, the maintenance or restoration of good order, public safety or essential services, or the preservation of life or property in any part of the Republic.
The Act reads as follows:
   ACT To indemnify the State, members of the Executive Council of the Republic, persons in the service of the State and persons acting under their authority in respect of acts, announcements, statements or information advised, commanded, ordered, directed, done, made or published in good faith for the prevention, suppression or termination of internal disorder or the maintenance or restoration of good order or public safety or essential services or the preservation of life or property in any part of the Republic, and to provide for matters connected therewith.
# Nancy Jo Cullen

Nancy Jo Cullen is a Canadian poet and fiction writer, who won the 2010 Dayne Ogilvie Prize from the Writers' Trust of Canada for an emerging lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender writer. The jury, consisting of writers Brian Francis, Don Hannah and Suzette Mayr, described Cullen in the award citation as a writer "who feels like a friend", and who "tackles dark corners without false dramatics or pretensions. There is a genuine realness in her language."
Originally from British Columbia and a longtime resident of Calgary, Alberta, she now lives in Kingston.
As of the time of her Dayne Ogilvie win, she had published three volumes of poetry. Her short story "Ashes" was a finalist for the Journey Prize in 2012, and she has since published a full volume of short stories and a novel.
She served on the jury for the 2015 Dayne Ogilvie Prize, selecting Alex Leslie as that year's winner.
In 2020, her novel The Western Alienation Merit Badge was a shortlisted finalist for the Amazon.ca First Novel Award, and in 2021 it was shortlisted for the 2020 ReLit Award for fiction.

## Works

* Science Fiction Saint (2002, poetry)
* Pearl (2006, poetry)
* Untitled Child (2009, poetry)
* Canary (2013, short stories)
* The Western Alienation Merit Badge (2019, novel)
# Fritz Zulauf

Fritz Zulauf (19 April 1883 – 5 December 1941) was a Swiss sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
In 1920 he won a bronze medal in the 30 metre military pistol event and a second bronze medal as member of the Swiss team in the team 30 metre military pistol competition. He was also part of the Swiss team which finished ninth in the team 50 metre free pistol competition.
# Sidney Fox (disambiguation)

Sidney Fox may refer to:
* Sidney Fox, American actress
* Sidney Harry Fox (1899–1930), British petty swindler and convicted murderer
* Sidney W. Fox, American biochemist
# Draco spilopterus

Draco spilopterus, the Philippine flying dragon, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in the Philippines and Indonesia.
# Sophocles (crater)

Sophocles is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976, after the Greek dramatist Sophocles.
Zeami crater is to the north of Sophocles, and Goya is to the west.
# Kiwengwa/Pongwe Forest Reserve

The Kiwengwa/Pongwe Forest Reserve is located on the northeast coast of Unguja, 20 km from Zanzibar Town. The reserve is an important biodiversity spot in the coral rag zone. The forest reserve is rich in both infaunal and floral species. The faunal species reported from the reserve are: Endemic species of red colobus monkey, Aders's duiker, sykes, blue monkeys, Sunni antelope and several species of snakes. The avifauna species consist of 47 bird species, which includes Fischer's turaco, Zanzibar sombre greenbul, crowned hornbill and white-browed coucal. There are 100 plant species which includes many medicinal species. There are also coral caves within the reserve where stalactites and stalagmites can be seen. There is also a spice plantation near the reserve. Coral rag forest, a sensitive ecosystem, is under threat due to timber extraction since the 1970s. Conservation measures have been undertaken to preserve the rich biodiversity of the reserve. Inside the Kiwengwa/Pongwe Forest Reserve, there is also the Mchekeni Coral Caves which are a bird and bat sanctruary. They are open to tourists who are interested in seeing the natural wonders of these caves which are bustling with wildlife from pythons, to bats and whip spiders.
# Parima Tapirapecó National Park

Parima Tapirapecó National Park (Parque Nacional Parima Tapirapecó) is a Venezuelan national park in the southern state of Amazonas.

## Location

The Parima Tapirapecó National Park is in the Atabapo and Río Negro municipalities. It is the 5th largest national park in the world and the 2nd largest in South America. Established in August 1991, it has an area of 38,290 km$^2$ (15,000 mile²), and is the largest national park in Venezuela. The area protects the headwaters of the Orinoco, likewise the natural space and culture of the Yanomami ethnic group.

## Environment

The park is in the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. "The main types of vegetation in Parima-Tapirapecó National Park are evergreen lowland forests and submontane and montane forests. There are also large areas of mostly secondary savannas in the southern Parima uplands."
# Dual speed focuser

The Dual speed focuser is a focusing mechanism used in precision optics such as advanced amateur astronomical telescopes and laboratory microscopes.
A dual speed focuser can provide two focusing speeds by using a set of co-axial knobs, one for fast focusing and another for fine focusing when the film or CCD is near the perfect focal plane. This is different from the two separate focusing knobs seen on low level microscopes. Another common reason to employ a dual-speed focuser is with the use of short focal length eyepieces, where the depth of focus is short, requiring critically accurate focusing.
A dual speed focusing mechanism is often combined with a Crayford focuser, forming a Dual speed Crayford focuser in order to eliminate backlash during fine focusing.

## The concept

Dual speed focuser design borrows the planetary gearing idea used in automobile gearboxes. However, in order to eliminate backlash, balls and axles are used instead of gears. All the transmission inside a dual speed focuser is achieved via static friction.
The cylinder case of a dual speed focuser is fixed on the telescope tube. Three metal balls are placed 120° apart inside the case in a holder shelf. An input axle penetrates through the hole on the center of the holder shelf and is pushed and tightened by three surrounding balls. The fine focusing knob connects to the input axle while the fast focusing knob connects to the holder shelf. On the other side, the axle from the Crayford focuser is connected to the holder shelf.
When one rotates the fine focusing knob, the three balls are driven by the input axle and rotate along the inner circumference of the case at a slower speed. The metal balls then push the holder shelf and drive the output axle. As a result, rotating either of the focusing knobs will cause the other to rotate in the same direction.

## Calculation

The angular velocity of input and output axle can be described by the formula:
    $\omega '={\frac {\omega r}{2(R+r)}}$,
where the R and r are the radius of metal ball and input axle, and the $\omega$ and $\omega '$ are the angular velocities of the input and output axles.
A 1:10 dual speed focuser has a gear ratio of 10 and R=4.5r. Thus the angular velocity ratio is actually 11. The gear ratio and velocity ratio should not be confused with each other.
# Inden, North Rhine-Westphalia

Inden is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Inde, approx. 10 km north-west of Düren. In the area around Inden lignite is extracted in open-pit mines. One mine is being rehabilitated with lake, park, solar power and energy storage. Several hundreds of inhabitants have been resettled in the 1990s and 2000s because of these activities.

## Town division

Districts:
* Frenz
* Inden/Altdorf
* Lamersdorf
* Lucherberg
* Schophoven
* Viehöven
# Jo Carrillo

Jo Carrillo is an American legal scholar working as a professor of law at the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco.

## Education

Carrillo received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Stanford University, a Juris Doctor from the University of New Mexico School of Law, and a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) in law from Stanford Law School.

## Career

Carrillo has been awarded many honors within the disciplines of scholarly work on property and material property systems, financial intimate partner violence, consumer protection issues, and legal humanities. These honors include the Chip Robertson Scholarly Publications Fund Award, The Outstanding Mentor Award to American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Students, The Roger J. Trainer Scholarly Publication Award, a Mediator Certification, an Outstanding Service and Achievement Award, and Hastings Research Chair.
Carrillo contributed a poem to This Bridge Called My Back, a 1981 feminist anthology.
# SP-127 (São Paulo highway)

SP-127 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
# E87

E87 may refer to:
* BMW 1 Series (E87)
* European route E87
* King's Indian Defense, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code
* Chitahantō Road, Chitaōdan Road and Chubu International Airport Connecting Road, route E87 in Japan
# Sidi Nsir

Sidi Nsir is a Tunisian agricultural village in the governorate of Bizerte, the delegation of Mateur, with about 10,000 inhabitants.
In November 1942, it was occupied by the Allies, but in February 1943, the Germans resisted and fought an offensive operation known as the Operation Ochsenkopf (Operation Ox Head) also known as the Battle of Sidi Nsir, and the Battle of Hunts Gap of the Axis in Tunisia from February 26 to March 4, 1943, during the Tunisian campaign of the Second World War.