OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MT-TL1

Mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G) also known as MT-TL1 is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TL1 gene.

## Structure

The MT-TL1 gene is located on the p arm of the mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 75 base pairs. The structure of a tRNA molecule is a distinctive folded structure which contains three hairpin loops and resembles a three-leafed clover.

## Function

MT-TL1 is a small 75 nucleotide RNA (human mitochondrial map position 3230–3304) that transfers the amino acid leucine to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during translation. Also, some studies showed that the MT-TL1 gene pathogenic variants could be attributed to the alterations of mTERF binding efficiency.

## Clinical significance
### Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes

Mutations in MT-TL1 can result in multiple mitochondrial deficiencies and associated disorders. It is associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). MELAS is a rare mitochondrial disorder known to affect many parts of the body, especially the nervous system and the brain. Symptoms of MELAS include recurrent severe headaches, muscle weakness (myopathy), hearing loss, stroke-like episodes with a loss of consciousness, seizures, and other problems affecting the nervous system. A common mutation is A3243G. This mutation has been theorized to be associated with several other mitochondrial diseases, including diabetes mellitus and deafness. Diabetes mellitus and deafness is characterized by diabetes combined with hearing loss, particularly of high pitches. Additional symptoms include muscle weakness (myopathy) and various problems with a patient's eyes, heart, or kidneys.
Other rare point variants on MT-TL1 gene were also described: m.3271 T > C, m.3291 T > C, m.3303 C > T, m.3256 C > T, and m.3260 A>G.

### Complex I deficiency

MT-TP mutations may result in complex I deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which may cause a wide variety of signs and symptoms affecting many organs and systems of the body, particularly the nervous system, the heart, and the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). These signs and symptoms can appear at any time from birth to adulthood. Phenotypes of the condition include encephalopathy, epilepsy, dystonia, hypotonia, myalgia, exercise intolerance, and more. A 3302A>G mutation has been found in a patient with the deficiency.
# Manuel Negrete (shooting)

Manuel Estanislao Negrete Hernández (1946 – October 10, 1973), was a Chilean man who was allegedly killed by policemen serving Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet.
Negrete was a farm worker who worked on plantation fields and had experience with plants, fruits and vegetables. He married a local girl in his town, the city of Curico.
In a case that would later on make headline news in Chile, Negrete was killed and two others were injured during a shooting on September 19 of that year. The exact cause of the shooting is not known, however, witnesses of the event claimed that an argument about something ended up causing a fight, which, in turn, led to the shooting.
What was said during the argument and the fight has never been known either, but it is possible that the conversation might have involved comments about Pinochet.
The argument, fight and subsequent shooting took place in a bar at Sagrada Familia. Negrete had been drinking alcohol that night as he celebrated with his friends, and alcohol may have played a part in the events that happened later that night.
According to records that were discovered after Pinochet left Chile's presidency, three gunmen entered the bar after the argument had spilled into a fist fight and started firing shots, injuring Negrete. Negrete ran to the back of the bar, finding a door that led him outside the store. Thinking that he could get away from the chaos without further injury, Negrete was surprised to find policemen there. They began to shoot him, hitting him several times, specifically in the brain and thorax.
Negrete was taken by friends to a Curico hospital after the shooting. He remained hospitalized there in intensive care for 21 days before dying. Medical records, also disclosed publicly after Pinochet left the presidency, showed that Negrete may have survived had it not been for one specific bullet wound between his thorax and his brain. That specific wound caused his blood to become poisoned, and he died of sepsis caused by the blood poisoning.
During the 1990s, Negrete Hernandez was declared an "International human rights victim" by the International Project for Human Rights, based in London.
# Kenhardt

Kenhardt (founded 1868) is a small town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. This little town is about 120 km from Upington, the largest town in the area.

## History

On 27 December 1868, special magistrate Maximillian Jackson and a police contingent were sent to act as a bulwark against the Griquas (also known as Koranna), who were in open conflict with colonial forces. They arrived in Kenhardt and set up camp under a giant camelthorn tree.
This has been for a long time the most remote settlement in the North-Western Cape. With time the town developed from under this tree, becoming a municipality in 1909. The Hartbees River, with its many sweet thorn trees, provides a green belt irrigated by the Rooiberg Dam. Kenhardt is famous for being at the heart of the Dorper sheep-farming area.

## Geography

This region contains very little vegetation, primarily very low shrubs and yellow grass among a rocky desert kind of landscape. If you travel south from Kenhardt towards Brandvlei, you will pass through a huge landscape of yellow grass lands and rocky desert like ares for the next 145 km and more. During the seasons many birds flock to the pans, when they contain water, after some rainfall. Temperature above 40 °C is not uncommon.

## Activities

* Visit the Quiver Tree forest, Kokerboom Woud in Afrikaans, about 5 km south of Kenhardt on the main route to Cape Town. Some of these trees have special formed weaver birds nests. The forest comprises approximately 4,000 to 5,000 trees.
* Walk the geological legendary granite metamorphic outcrops of the area. Along the trail all kind of quartz lie scattered.
* Tours to the pans on the outlying farms where you can view San artwork and enjoy the farm hospitality.
* A hiking trail where Anglo Boer War remains and the beautiful landscape can be experienced.
* Make your own discoveries on fossilized foot impressions and engravings.

## Places of interest

* Giant Camelthorn Tree
This tree is about 500–600 years old. It is under this tree which Magistrate Jackson set up his camp in 1868.
* Old Library Building
The old library was built in 1897, and it was used until 1977. In 1978 it was declared a national monument, currently it is used by Sanlam as their office.
* Verneukpan
A vast dry pan on which Sir Malcolm Campbell tried, in Bluebird 1, to set a new world land-speed record in 1929.
# Saula (beetle)

Saula is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Endomychidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southeastern Asia and Japan.
Species:
* Saula chujoi Sasaji, 1970
* Saula japonica Gorham, 1874
* Saula nigripes Gerstaecker, 1858
* Saula taiwana Chujo, 1938
# Kai Lehtinen

Kai Lehtinen (born Kai Antero; 31 July 1958, in Kerava, Finland) is a Finnish actor best known for his work in the Finnish TV-series Raid.
Lehtinen originally began as an athlete and competed in the decathlon with a personal best of 6,265 points in 1981.
He then became interested in acting in the 1980s and began his career in 1989 appearing on a mini TV series. He appeared in 6 episodes of the 1993 television series Viimeiset siemenperunat and in 1994, he appeared in the Finnish film Aapo alongside actors Taisto Reimaluoto and Ulla Koivuranta.
In 1996, he appeared in the short TV movie Aatamin poika.
Lehtinen is also credited with directing and writing several films. He is perhaps best known for his role in highly successful Raid TV series (2001) where he played the title role.

## Personal life

Lehtinen married Pirjo Viheriäkoski on 27 July 2002. His 18-year-old son died in a fire in 2007.

## Selected filmography

* Aapo (1994)
* Aatamin poika (1996)
* Siivoton juttu (1997)
* Poliisin poika (1998)
* Ambush (1999)
* The Swan and the Wanderer (1999)
* Raid (2003)
* Shadow of the Eagle (2005)
* The Missile (Ohjus) - 2024
# Rhenium(VII) oxide

Rhenium(VII) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Re$_2$O$_7$. This yellowish solid is the anhydride of HOReO$_3$. Perrhenic acid, Re$_2$O$_7$·2H$_2$O, is closely related to Re$_2$O$_7$. Re$_2$O$_7$ is the raw material for all rhenium compounds, being the volatile fraction obtained upon roasting the host ore.

## Structure

Solid Re$_2$O$_7$ consists of alternating octahedral and tetrahedral Re centres. Upon heating, the polymer cracks to give molecular (nonpolymeric) Re$_2$O$_7$. This molecular species closely resembles manganese heptoxide, consisting of a pair of ReO$_4$ tetrahedra that share a vertex, i.e., O$_3$Re–O–ReO$_3$.

## Synthesis and reactions

Rhenium(VII) oxide is formed when metallic rhenium or its oxides or sulfides are oxidized at 500–700 °C (900–1,300 °F) in air.
Re$_2$O$_7$ dissolves in water to give perrhenic acid.
Heating Re$_2$O$_7$ gives rhenium dioxide, a reaction signalled by the appearance of the dark blue coloration:
    2Re$_2$O$_7$ → 4ReO$_2$ + 3O$_2$
Using tetramethyltin, it converts to methylrhenium trioxide ("MTO"), a catalyst for oxidations:
    Re$_2$O$_7$ + 2Sn(CH$_3$)$_4$ → CH$_3$ReO$_3$ + (CH$_3$)$_3$SnOReO$_3$
In a related reaction, it reacts with hexamethyldisiloxane to give the siloxide:
    Re$_2$O$_7$ + 2O(Si(CH$_3$)$_3$)$_2$ → 2(CH$_3$)$_3$SiOReO$_3$

## Uses
### Hydrogenation catalyst

Rhenium(VII) oxide finds some use in organic synthesis as a catalyst for ethenolysis, carbonyl reduction and amide reduction.
# National Care Standards (Scotland)

The National Care Standards are a set of standards for care services in Scotland.
They were set up by the Scottish Government, as required by the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001. The standards were devised after consultation with service providers, service users, various expert bodies and individuals, and the public. The standards are subject to regular review and revision as necessary.
The National Care Standards are used by service providers to maintain and improve the quality of services provided. The Care Inspectorate is also required by law to apply them when regulating care services.
# MIL-STD-704

MIL-STD-704 Aircraft Electrical Power Characteristics is a United States Military Standard that defines a standardized power interface between a military aircraft and its equipment and carriage stores, covering such topics as voltage, frequency, phase, power factor, ripple, maximum current, electrical noise and abnormal conditions (overvoltage and undervoltage), for both AC and DC systems.
MIL-HDBK-704 is a handbook that provides guidance on test procedures for demonstration of utilization equipment to determine compliance with the aircraft electrical power characteristics of MIL-STD-704, revisions A through F. MIL-HDBK-704 is divided into 8 parts. Part 1 provides general guidance information on compliance tests, power groups, aircraft electrical operating conditions, and utilization equipment specifications. Parts 2 through Part 8 provide guidance on application of compliance tests for utilization equipment in specific power groups.

## Electrical system

The standard defines the basic aircraft AC system at 115/200 volts, 400 Hz (the larger figure indicating three-phase power). Variable frequency systems are allowed to switch between 360 and 800 Hz. Double voltage systems use the same frequency at 230/400 volts. Secondary power systems can be variable frequency or double voltage; they can also use 115 volts, 60 Hz to run commercial off-the-shelf products expecting mains electricity.
The DC system runs at 28 volts or 270 volts.
# Eyendorf

Eyendorf is a municipality in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
# Mansfield Woodhouse Greyhound Stadium

Mansfield Woodhouse Greyhound Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium between Mansfield Woodhouse and Mansfield in Nottinghamshire.

## Origins

The stadium was constructed south of Mansfield Woodhouse and on the north east side of Mansfield. It was located off Old Mill Lane between the lane and the Mansfield Corporation sewage works sludge beds.

## History

The greyhound racing was independent (unaffiliated to a governing body) and served the local mining community. The track opened after the war and opened for racing on 11 Dec 1948 and was overseen by Mr. C. Faulkner (managing director). It was listed as having a 5,000 capacity.
The track remained open until around 1961 and it is believed that the Duchess of Portland attended races there.
The site today is occupied by the Tall Trees Mobile Home Park.
# Wilhelm Türk

Wilhelm Türk (2 April 1871 – 20 May 1916) was an Austrian haematologist and professor of medicine at the University of Vienna. He coined the term "lymphatic reaction" and the Türk cell is named for him.
# Kengyel

Kengyel is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 79.14 km$^2$ (31 sq mi) and has a population of 3552 people (2015).
# Scandium monosulfide

Scandium monosulfide is a chemical compound of scandium and sulfur with the chemical formula ScS. Although its formula might suggest that it is a compound of scandium(II), i.e. [Sc$^{2+}$][S$^{2−}$], ScS is probably more realistically described as a pseudo-ionic compound, containing [Sc$^{3+}$][S$^{2−}$], with the remaining electron occupying the conduction band of the solid.

## Structure

Scandium monosulfide adopts the sodium chloride crystal structure type.

## Synthesis

Scandium monosulfide can be prepared by heating a mixture of scandium metal and powdered sulfur in the absence of air to 1150 °C for 70 hours.
    Sc + S → ScS
# Nysten's rule

Nysten's rule (1811) describes the sequential onset of rigor mortis in the various muscle groups. The basic sequence of the solidifying body begins from the head down the body, in the order:
* Involuntary muscle first: Heart
* Upper eyelids
* Neck
* Jaw
* Face
* Upper extremities
* Muscles of the trunk
* Lower extremities
The rule does not occur in all cases, as described. In particular, it depends on what muscle groups are even claimed before the death - there enters rigor mortis then first one. It owes its name to the French pediatrician Pierre-Hubert Nysten (1771–1818).
# Retinal precursor cells

Retinal precursor cells are biological cells that differentiate into the various cell types of the retina during development. In the vertebrate, these retinal cells differentiate into seven cell types, including retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, rod photoreceptors, cone photoreceptors, and Müller glia cells. During embryogenesis, retinal cells originate from the anterior portion of the neural plate termed the eye field. Eye field cells with a retinal fate express several transcription factor markers including Rx1, Pax6, and Lhx2. The eye field gives rise to the optic vesicle and then to the optic cup. The retina is generated from the precursor cells within the inner layer of the optic cup, as opposed to the retinal pigment epithelium that originate from the outer layer of the optic cup. In general, the developing retina is organized so that the least-committed precursor cells are located in the periphery of the retina, while the committed cells are located in the center of the retina. The differentiation of retinal precursor cells into the mature cell types found in the retina is coordinated in time and space by factors within the cell as well as factors in the environment of the cell. One example of an intrinsic regulator of this process is the transcription factor Ath5. Ath5 expression in retinal progenitor cells biases their differentiation into a retinal ganglion cell fate. An example of an environmental factor is the morphogen sonic hedge hog (Shh). Shh has been shown to repress the differentiation of precursor cells into retinal ganglion cells.

## Wnt-signaling cascade in retinal development and retinal precursor cells

The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial component of proper retinal development. Briefly, Wnt signaling proteins bind to their receptors, the Frizzled receptor family, and cause activation of molecular cascades within the cell. Fz3 is a Wnt receptor that is eventually restricted to the eye field of the neural plate during development. Overexpression of this receptor causes the formation of ectopic eyes during development, while dominant-negative inhibition of this protein causes improper eye development. Fz4 and Fz5 are found in the distal area of the optic vesicle. This distal region is what that gives rise to the retina. During cell fate determination of the retina, Wnt and Fz expression gradients form in a peripheral to central manner. At this time, Fz4 expression is localized in the periphery and is suggested to play a role in precursor cell maintenance. In contrast to Fz4, Wnt11 is localized in the center of the developing retina and is suggested to play a role in precursor cell differentiation. This expression coincides with the fact that committed cells are located in the center of the developing retina while undifferentiated cells are concentrated in the periphery Fz5 expression is implicated in differentiation of retinal precursor cells to a neural fate.
# Okhtyrka Air Base

Okhtyrka was a military aviation training air base in Ukraine located 8 km east of Okhtyrka city in Sumy Oblast. Operated by the Soviet Air Forces and then the Ukrainian Air Force, it was home to the 809th Aviation Training Regiment, flying 102 L-39C aircraft.
From 1961 - 1992 the regiment was part of the Kharkiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots.
The base ceased operations in 2004.
# MTV Party to Go 8

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
MTV Party To Go Volume 8 was the eighth album in MTV's Party To Go series. The album was certified gold on February 23, 1996, by the RIAA.

## Track listing

* "Big Poppa" (Original Version) – The Notorious B.I.G.
* "Feel Me Flow" (Original Mix) – Naughty by Nature
* "If You Love Me" (LP Version) – Brownstone
* "I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By" (Puff Daddy Mix) – Method Man and Mary J. Blige
* "I Wish" (LP Version) – Skee-Lo
* "Can't Cry Anymore" (LP Version) – Sheryl Crow
* "Rhythm of the Night" (R.X.B. Euro Mix) – Corona
* "Bounce It Y'All" (Original Mix) – DJ Kizzy Rock
* "1st of tha Month" (LP Version) – Bone Thugs-N-Harmony
* "Gangsta's Paradise" (LP Version) – Coolio featuring L.V.
* "Boombastic" (Sting Remix) – Shaggy
# Redig

Redig may refer to:

## People

* Deoclecio Redig de Campos [de; it] (1905-1989), Brazilian art historian
* Ida Redig (born 1987), Swedish singer and actress
* Olavo Redig de Campos (1906–1984), Brazilian architect

## Places

* Redig, South Dakota, United States
# Wilhelm Trendelenburg

Ernst Wilhelm Theodor Trendelenburg (16 July 1877 – 16 March 1946) was a German physiologist known for his work in physiological optics.
He studied physiology at the University of Freiburg, receiving his doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1900. He worked as an assistant to Johannes von Kries at Freiburg and to Ewald Hering at Leipzig. In 1904 he obtained his habilitation for physiology at Freiburg, and in 1911 became a full professor at the University of Innsbruck. Afterwards, he held professorships at the universities of Giessen (from 1916), Tübingen (from 1917) and Berlin (from 1927).
In 1931 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
He was the son of surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg and the grandson of renowned philosopher Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg. He was the brother of pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg.
He was an accomplished musician, being adept at playing violin and cello. It is believed that he was the first scientist to conduct studies on the role of bow pressure, contact point and bow speed in the determination of tone color. During his time spent at the University of Freiburg he conducted studies involving animal psychology that included intelligence testing with monkeys. He is also credited as the inventor of the red adaptation goggles.

## Selected works

* Der Gesichtssinn; Grundzüge der physiologischen Optik (with Erich Schütz), 1924 – The sense of sight; Principles of physiological optics.
* Die natürlichen grundlagen der kunst des streichinstrumentspiels, 1925 – The natural foundations concerning the art of stringed instrument exercises.
* Anleitung zu den physiologischen übungen für studierende der medizin, 1938 – Instructions on physiological exercises for medical students.
* Zur Kenntnis der Kurvengestalt der Vokalperiode in ihrer Beziehung zu den Vorgängen im Kehlkopf, 1940 – A treatise on the processes in the larynx associated with vowel sounds.
* Zur Kenntnis des abnormen Farbensinns und seiner Vererbung, 1941 – Information on abnormal color sense and heredity.
* Über den Licht- und Farbensinn, 1943 – On light and color sense.
He was also co-editor of the periodical Zeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin.