OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flesberg

Flesberg is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Numedal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lampeland.
The economy of Flesberg is dominated by forestry and agriculture, as well as the cluster of high-tech industries in neighbouring Kongsberg.

## General information
### Etymology

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Flesberg farm (Old Norse: Flesberg), since the first church was built here. The first element is fles which means "rock" and the last element is berg which means "mountain".

### Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 10 March 1989. The arms show two tømmerklaver to represent forestry – and also the letter F.

## History

Flesberg Stave Church was built around the year 1250. After reconstruction in 1735, the church conformed with cruciform plan. The municipality of Flesberg was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Jondalen was transferred from Flesberg to the neighboring municipality of Kongsberg on 1 January 1964.

## Geography

The municipality is divided into the parishes Flesberg, Lyngdal, and Svene. Most of the population lives in the four villages of Svene, Lampeland, Flesberg, and Lyngdal. The municipal area is 560 square kilometres (220 sq mi). In the western part of Flesberg, the landscape rises steeply to the mountain area of Blefjell, a popular tourist destination.

## Demographics

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Flesberg by country of origin in 2017 :
| Ancestry | Number |
| Lithuania | 49 |
| Somalia | 46 |
| Poland | 35 |
| Eritrea | 34 |
| Latvia | 16 |

## Notable people

* Finn Qvale (1873–1955) a military officer, cartographer and sports official
* Jul Låg (1915-2000) a scientist and soil researcher
* Hallvard Bakke (born 1943) a Norwegian politician

## Sister cities

The following cities are twinned with Flesberg:
* - Falkenberg, Halland County, Sweden
* - Fosston, Minnesota, United States
* - Lejre, Region Sjælland, Denmark
* - Savitaipale, Etelä-Suomi, Finland
# Fles

Fles or FLES may refer to:

## People

Three generations of a Jewish-Dutch-American family:
* Louis Fles, Dutch businessman and activist (father of Barthold Fles and George Fles)
** Barthold Fles, Dutch-American literary agent (son of Louis Fles)
** George Fles, Dutch victim of the Great Purge (son of Louis Fles, father of Michael John Fles)
*** Michael John Fles, American poet and musician (son of George Fles)

## Other uses

* De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles, Dutch earthenware factory
* Language immersion, also known as Foreign Languages in Elementary Schools (FLES) program
# Fleseland

Fleseland is a small village in Lyngdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on the west shore of the Lenesfjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Lyngdal and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the village of Høllen in Lindesnes municipality.
The total population of Fleseland is less than 20 people on a permanent basis, but during the summer holiday season the population increases as tourists rent holiday cottages in the village.
# Robert R. Squires

Robert Reed Squires (January 11, 1953 – September 30, 1998) was an American chemist known for his work in gas phase ion chemistry and flowing afterglow mass spectrometry.

## Early life and education

Squires was born in Northern California and grew up in Los Angeles. He received an A.A. degree at El Camino College in 1973 and then returned to Northern California where he received a B.A. at California State University, Chico. He then went on to Yale University where he worked in the laboratory of Kenneth B. Wiberg on the thermochemistry of organic compounds. He received his M.Phil. degree in 1977 and a Ph.D. in 1980. He took a postdoctoral position with Charles DePuy and Veronica Bierbaum at the University of Colorado, Boulder where he studied the reactions of gas-phase ions using the flowing afterglow technique.

## Academic career

Squires took a position as an assistant professor at Purdue University in 1981 where he constructed two unique mass spectrometers: a flowing afterglow triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a flowing afterglow selected ion flow tube triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In 1986, he was promoted to Associate Professor and in 1990 to Professor.

## Awards

Among his awards were an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship in 1987, the American Chemical Society Nobel Laureate Signature Award for Graduate Education in Chemistry (with Susan Graul) in 1991, and the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Biemann Medal in 1998. The Purdue University Department of Chemistry Robert R. Squires Scholarship was established in his honor.
# Rob Harper

Rob Harper (born 28 November 1955) is an English musician, noted for being an early drummer for The Clash from December 1976 until January 1977.

## Biography

Harper started out playing guitar in a college band and when the singer invited a guitarist called Mark Knopfler to join, Harper switched to the bass so that Knopfler could join on guitar. It was Knopfler's suggestion to name the band The Cafe Racers. After college, Harper went to Sussex University and at that time he was invited by Knopfler to play bass in the band that was to become Dire Straits. Harper declined his offer as he was concentrating on his studies at University.
During his year at Sussex University (he dropped out in mid 1976), he played in a band called The Rockettes, (as a lead guitarist) with William Broad (later to become Billy Idol) (vocals, rhythm guitar), Phil Siviter (drums) and Steve Upstone (bass).
In December 1976, Harper joined The Clash on the December 1976 "Anarchy Tour" supporting the Sex Pistols.
After the tour, Harper quit and the band replaced him with their original drummer, Terry Chimes, who was the drummer on the Clash's first album. Harper's drumming does not appear on any studio recordings, but can be heard on the 9 December 1976 bootleg recording of the Clash playing at the Electric Circus in Manchester.
Harper was for a time the guitarist in a South London R&B band called The Marauders, a band set up by UK Subs singer Charlie Harper. When The Marauders became the UK Subs in 1977 Harper switched to drums, alongside bassist Steve Slack. The pair left the UK Subs later in the year to form The Dazzlers.
Harper later formed a short-lived UK power pop band called The Dazzlers as a guitarist (he was equally proficient on guitar and bass in addition to drums). They released several singles (including "Lovely Crash" in 1979) and an LP produced by Tommy Ramone, although the band split up shortly before the album was released.
# Robert Petre, 10th Baron Petre

Robert Edward Petre, 10th Baron Petre (3 September 1763 – 29 March 1809) was a British peer, the son of Robert Edward Petre, 9th Baron Petre (1742–1801) and his first wife, Anne Howard (1742–1787).
On 14 February 1786, in London, Lord Petre married Mary Bridget Howard (29 September 1767 – 30 May 1843), sister of the 12th Duke of Norfolk. They were the parents of seven children;
* Maria Juliana Petre (c. 1787-27 January 1824)
* Juliana Anne Petre (c. 1791-5 June 1862)
* William Henry Francis Petre, 11th Baron Petre (22 January 1793 – 3 July 1850)
* Charles Berney Petre (17 December 1794 – 18 June 1854)
* Elizabeth Anne Mary Petre (c. 1797-4 March 1848)
* Anna Maria Petre (c. 1800 - 14 October 1864)
* Arabella Petre (c. 1802-24 June 1886); became a nun
By the beginning of the 19th century, the Rector was paying the pensioners of the almshouses 6s 8d each month (about £13 today), £1 annually for the purchase of firewood, and 12s each year for the stipulated livery of the Charity. At Christmas, the 20 deserving souls each received 6s 8d, and the 40 at Easter, 13s 4d.
Philip Southcott Esq. had purchased Woburn Farm, alias Cocks lands, consisting of about 25 acres (100,000 m$^2$), in 1735 from a Mrs. Hornby. He was the first person to develop the idea of a combined ornamented farm and garden. The property lies on the two sides of a hill, and on a flat at the foot of it. The brow of the hill commands two prospects; the one over a fertile plain watered by the Thames and broken by St. Ann's Hill and Windsor Castle, a large mead below spreading to the banks of the river. The other view is more wooded, and from this, the bold arch of Walton Bridge is a conspicuous object equally singular and noble. When Mr. Southcote died in 1758, without issue, he gave this place to his lady. By her will, dated 25 April 1771, she devised her seat, consisting of a 'capital messuage', large garden, and an ornamented farm used therewith, then in her own occupation, to Thomas Berney Bramston and John Maire Esq., on trust to settle the same on her esteemed friend and kinsman Robert Edward lord Petre for life, and thence to heirs male. She died in 1783 and the trustees made the settlement as directed.
Peerage of England :
| Preceded byRobert Petre | Baron Petre 1801–1809 | Succeeded byWilliam Petre |
# Fit to Be Tied Down (Conway Twitty song)

"Fit to Be Tied Down" is a song recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in April 1990 as the first single from his Greatest Hits Volume III compilation album. The song reached No. 30 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Walt Aldridge.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 30 |
# Robert Taylor (trade unionist)

Robert Taylor (30 October 1900 – 1986) was a Scottish trade union leader.
Taylor was born in West Benhar, near Bathgate in Lanarkshire, and was one of twenty-two children. He became a miner in an oil and shale mine and began taking qualifications to become a manager. When he was seventeen, he joined the Independent Labour Party, and became chair of the local branch three years later.
Taylor married in 1921 but, on return from honeymoon, his wages were halved. He decided to re-train as a driver, and became a van driver for the Bathgate Co-operative Society. In 1923, he stood unsuccessfully for Bathgate Council.
Taylor became active in the Scottish Horse and Motormen's Association (SHMA), and in 1925 became a full-time organiser for the union. He also performed much of the role of the union's chief clerk, and was minutes secretary to the Glasgow branch. He was also elected to the executive of the Glasgow Trades Council, becoming vice-president to Thomas Scollan. Scollan rarely attended trades council meetings, so Taylor played a key role in the organisation.
In April 1936, general secretary of the SHMA Hugh Lyon was dismissed. Taylor stood in the ensuing election, defeating interim general secretary Peter Webster by 3645 votes to 2256 in November, and became leader of the union. He pledged to engage with the Joint Industrial Council negotiating frameworks, and to consider amalgamation with other unions. From 1935, he served on the executive of the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC), and he was President of the STUC in 1938/39.
Taylor announced his resignation as leader of the SHMA in September 1943, to become president of the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society offering three months’ notice. Although James White Jr of the Glasgow branch argued that he could not fulfil both roles, and should be asked to leave immediately, he was instead asked to remain until the end of the year, once a successor had been appointed.
As President of the SCWS, Taylor fell into disputes with his former union. He retired in 1965, due to poor health.
# Robert King, 4th Earl of Kingston

Robert Henry King, 4th Earl of Kingston (4 October 1796 – 21 January 1867), styled The Honourable Robert King until 1837 and Viscount Kingsborough between 1837 and 1839, was an Irish peer, soldier and Whig politician.

## Background and education

Kingston was the second but eldest surviving son of George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston, and Lady Helena, daughter of Stephen Moore, 1st Earl of Mount Cashell. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford.

## Military career

Kingston served in the British army in occupied France after the fall of the Emperor Napoleon.

## Political career

Kingston was returned to Parliament for County Cork in 1826 (succeeding his elder brother Lord Kingsborough), a seat he held until 1832. In 1836, he was High Sheriff of County Cork. He gained the courtesy title Viscount Kingsborough when he became heir apparent to the earldom on the death of his elder brother in 1837. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father in 1839.

## Personal life

Lord Kingston was arrested on 30 March 1848 for "having indecently assaulted a young man named Cull, with intent to commit an unnatural offence" with a 20-year-old man he met on Oxford Street in London. When Cull resisted his advances, Kingston gave him money to buy a glass of ale at a nearby public house, and left quickly. Instead of buying the ale, Cull went to find a policeman, who followed and arrested Kingston. He was taken to Marylebone police station and held overnight. The next morning he appeared before a magistrate and was charged with indecent assault on the younger man—a misdemeanour at that time—and was required to post bail in the astronomical amount of £10,000 (equivalent to £1,270,000 in 2023). The case was referred to a grand jury at the Central Criminal Court the following week, but the grand jury "ignored" the charge.
Lord Kingston died unmarried in January 1867, aged 70. He was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, James.
# Robert C. Frasure

Robert C. Frasure (April 20, 1942 – August 19, 1995) was an American diplomat and the first United States Ambassador to Estonia following Estonia's regained independence from the Soviet Union.

## Biography

Born in Morgantown, West Virginia, to parents who were educators, he attended West Virginia University, the London School of Economics and received a Ph.D. from Duke University. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He taught briefly at Duke and the University of the South and contributed to various professional journals including the American Political Science Review.
He joined the Foreign Service in 1974. His overseas posts included Geneva, Bonn, Lagos, London, Pretoria and Addis Ababa. He received two State Department Superior Honors for his contributions to diplomacy in Africa that led to the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola in 1989 and the independence of Namibia in 1991. During 1990–1991, he served as the Africa Director at the National Security Council.
He initiated the reestablishment of the American diplomatic presence in Estonia as Chargé d'affaires in September 1991, following Estonia's reconfirmation of independence from the Soviet Union, and was sworn in as the first "post-Soviet" American Ambassador to Estonia on March 26, 1992.
He left Estonia in 1994 and became Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs with particular responsibility for Bosnia.

## Death

Frasure was killed in an automobile accident on the Igman mountain near Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina on August 19, 1995, while on a mission to negotiate a U.S. proposal to end the conflict in Bosnia. Joseph Kruzel and Col. Sam Nelson Drew were also killed. The trio had to travel over Igman in order reach the besieged Bosnian capital. The main roads, which were not as dangerous as the narrow mountain roads, were blocked by the Serbs besieging Sarajevo, forcing the diplomats to take the more dangerous route.
On December 15, 1995, he was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal, posthumously, by President Clinton for Exceptional Service for his role in the downfall of the Mengistu regime in Ethiopia and the airlifting of more than 15,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel.
In 2010, a street in Sarajevo was named in his honor. The US Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the street. Hillary Clinton opened the new embassy and announced the new street name in October 2010.
The Robert C. Frasure Award is named after him.
Frasure, as Special Envoy to the President, was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
# Robert Waterman

Robert Waterman may refer to:
* Robert Waterman (bishop) (1894–1984), Anglican bishop in Canada
* Robert Waterman (governor) (1826–1891), governor of California
* Robert Waterman (sea captain) (1808–1884), clipper ship captain
* Robert H. Waterman Jr., author and expert on management practices
# Robert Montgomerie

Robert Montgomerie may refer to:
* Robert Montgomerie (fencer) (1880–1939), British Olympic fencer
* Robert Montgomerie (cricketer) (born 1937), English cricketer
* Robert Montgomerie (novelist), British novelist
* Robert Montgomerie (archbishop), Scottish archbishop of Glasgow
* Robert Archibald James Montgomerie (1855–1908), British Royal Navy officer
# Robert Montgomerie (archbishop)

Robert Montgomerie of Hessilhead (c. 1530–1609) was a prominent Scottish clergyman in post-Reformation Scotland who served as Protestant Archbishop of Glasgow from 1581 to 1588.

## Life

He was the third son of Hugh Montgomerie of Hessilhead and his wife, Margaret Houston of Houston. He was brother to the poet Alexander Montgomerie. He studied at Glasgow University and graduated MA.
At the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland he was recognised as an apt person to preach and began a series of positions in the Church of Scotland. He served successively in Cupar (1562-1567), Dunblane (1567-1572), Stirling (1572-1581).
In 1581 he was created Archbishop of Glasgow in place of the late James Boyd of Trochrig. Montgomerie was succeeded in 1588 by William Erskine (archbishop)
He was minister of Symington from 1587 to 1589 when he translated to Stewarton. He passed his role to his son-in-law in 1607. He was also archdeacon of Argyll in this period.
He died at Stewarton on 25 March 1609.

## Family

He was married to Beatrice Jamieson and had several children:
* John Montgomerie of Sevenakers
* Robert Mongomerie
* Elizabeth, married Rev James Montgomery of Dunlop
* A second daughter, married Rev William Castlelaw, Montgomerie's successor at Stewarton.
# Robert Wyman

Robert Wyman may refer to:
* Robert Wyman (ice hockey) (1909–1978), British ice hockey player
* Robert H. Wyman (1822–1882), U.S. Navy officer
* W. Robert Wyman (1930–2007), Canadian businessman and chancellor of the University of British Columbia
* Robert Andrew Wyman (1904–1967), Canadian Army officer
# Robert G. Voight

Robert Guy Voight (March 26, 1921 – May 26, 2008) was an American professor at Oral Roberts University. He was the faculty member that has served the longest at Oral Roberts University, as of May 7, 2009. Voight, who served 41 years, was followed by Howard M. Ervin, who served 40 years on the faculty.

## Early life

Voight was born on March 26, 1921, in Council Bluffs, Iowa.

## Faculty Emeritus Award

   Dr. Robert Guy Voight [was] ... presented with [a] faculty emeritus award by Interim President Dr. Ralph Fagin ... during the ceremony. Dr. Voight, currently the director of Faculty Records, began teaching at ORU in the 1960s.

## Academic biography

   He graduated from Sapulpa High. In 1941 he was ordained and started his 67 years of Ministry with revivals and speaking engagements. He led a church in Siloam Springs, AR for 5 years until 1959 and then moved to Tulsa, OK where he was pastor at Central Assembly of God Church at 5th and Peoria. Robert earned his Bachelor of Arts Degree from John Brown University, Suma Cumae Laud. He earned his Master of Arts Degree from University of Arkansas and his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Arkansas. In 1967 he was invited to join Oral Roberts University. The next 41 years he served in the following capacities; Professor of English, Chair of English Department, Dean and Vice President of Student Affairs, Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, Dean of Instruction and Vice Provost of Academic affairs. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Delta Kappa, Alpha Epsilon Delta Honors Societies. For 25 years he taught Oral Robert's course "Holy Spirit in the Now". He had a single message that he continued to share with his sixteen thousand plus students, "God loves you." Upon retirement in May 2008, Oral Roberts University honored Dr. Robert Voight with Professor Emeritus Standing.

## Death

Voight died of bladder cancer on May 26, 2008, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, at the age of 87. He was buried on May 29, 2008, in Green Hill Memorial Gardens Cemetery in Sapulpa, Oklahoma.
# Robert G. Wetzel

Robert George Wetzel (16 August 1936 – 18 April 2005) was an American limnologist and ecologist, a specialist in freshwater ecology, chemistry, and environmental protection. Wetzel served as the general secretary and treasurer of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology for 37 years in addition to his tenure as president of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (1980-1981).

## Early life and education

Wetzel was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan on August 16, 1936. His parents, William Wetzel and Eugenia Wetzel, were recent German immigrants. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of California Davis under the advisorship of Charles Goldman.

## Academic career and impact

After graduating from UC Davis, Wetzel became an assistant professor in 1965, then a professor in 1971 at Michigan State University. In 1986, he became a professor of Biology at the University of Michigan. In 1990 he became the Bishop Professor of Biology at the University of Alabama. In 2001 he joined the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and there became the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in 2003.
Wetzel authored at least 20 books and over 400 peer-reviewed articles in his scientific career, including the authoritative textbook "Limnology : lake and river ecosystems". The first edition was published in 1975 while Wetzel was a professor at Michigan State University. Subsequent editions were published in 1983 and 2001. This latter edition has been deemed his "masterpiece", an "established classic text", and "an amazing contribution".
As a professor at four different universities, Wetzel served as an advisor to 39 graduate students, as well as serving on a "prodigious" array of committees and scientific journal editorial boards.

## Honors

* Honorary Doctor of Philosophy, University of Uppsala (1984)
* Fellow of the AAAS
* Tage Erlander National Professor of Sweden (1982-1983)
* G. Evelyn Hutchinson Medal (1992)
* Baldi Memorial Award (1989)
* Einar Naumann-August Thienemann Medal (1992)
* Society of Wetland Scientists Lifetime Achievement Award (2000)
* UC Davis Award of Distinction (1988)
* Burnum Distinguished Faculty Award (1994)
* Russian Academy of Sciences Aquatic Ecologist of Year 2002
* Hutchinson Science Laureate Award (2005)
# Flinzbach

Flinzbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Teisnach near Patersdorf.
# Robert F. and Elizabeth Clark House

The Robert F. and Elizabeth Clark House, located in Baker City, Oregon, is a house listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Robert Fabian (canoeist)

Robert Fabian is a retired Austrian slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a silver in 1955 (Folding K-1 team) and a bronze in 1965 (K-1 team).
# Robertson River

The Robertson River is a river in Stewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand. It rises to the east of the Tin Range and flows into the sea east of Port Pegasus.
# Robert Pagman

Robert Pagman (by 1497 – 1552) was the member of the Parliament of England for Great Bedwyn for the parliament of 1547.