OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Futsal in the Netherlands

Futsal or indoor soccer became popular in the Netherlands in the 1960s when Dutch marines took home the game they’d watched and enjoyed abroad. Initially, they played in large empty sheds or factory floors. It took another decade before the first official Royal Dutch Football Association competition was created. It was Scagha ’66 from the northern village of Schagen who clinched the first national title.
Futsal rapidly gained popularity in the Netherlands, particularly after 1989, when the country hosted the first ever FIFA Futsal World Cup. The Dutch national team finished in second position after being beaten by Brazil 2–1 in the final, their best result to date. The first competitions in the Netherlands were staged at the local level before spreading to regional and district competitions. In the 1980s, a pyramid structure, involving three first divisions and an Eredivisie, was opted for. Following a series of structural changes, there are now six first divisions, equaling the number of KNVB districts, and one Eredivisie.
From the 2011-12 season, futsal has become a separate entity with the KNVB management structure, with its own governing committee. Its tasked with developing the sport and meeting the KNVB’s key ambitions as set out in its 2010 Masterplan. These include:
* a target of 130,000 registered players
* a top-ten position in the world ranking for the national team
* structural participation of the national team in World and European championships
# Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance

The Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, also known as the Tribal Alliance of Hadramout or the Hadhramaut Tribes Alliance, is an armed group involved in the ongoing Yemeni Civil War. The Alliance's forces are primarily drawn from the Hadhrami people in southern Yemen. During the civil war, the Alliance is often cited as supporting the government of Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and is noted for operating alongside the Republic of Yemen Armed Forces in Hadhramaut.

## Operations

The Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance was formed in the Hadhramaut region of Yemen, where it actively sought to gain more autonomy from the Yemeni Government. In 2014 Alliance actively fought against militants aligned with Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), though it also issued statements in opposition to the Yemeni Government following a series of terrorist attacks in Seiyun, and members of the Alliance voiced doubts as to the effectiveness of the government's anti-terrorist campaigns. Following the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War in 2015, civil infighting created a power vacuum in Southern Yemen. The lack of an organized government presence allowed for militant groups, most notably AQAP, to take control of parts of the region. In response, the Tribal Alliance and a number of other militia groups formed a centralized military command to coordinate the defense of the lands under their control. In April 2015 forces from these tribes retook land around the cities of Mukalla and Al-Shihr from AQAP and Ansar al-Sharia militants, whom had themselves captured Mukalla on 2 April. The Alliance participated in the Second Battle of Mukalla alongside Yemeni and UAE soldiers one year later in April 2016, and successfully drove AQAP and its affiliates out of Hadhramaut.
# GEN1, Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease

GEN1, Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEN1 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the Rad2/xeroderma pigmentosum group G nuclease family, whose members are characterized by N-terminal and internal xeroderma pigmentosum group G nuclease domains followed by helix-hairpin-helix domains and disordered C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in resolution of Holliday junctions, which are intermediate four-way structures that covalently link DNA during homologous recombination and double-strand break repair. The protein resolves Holliday junctions by creating dual incisions across the junction to produce nicked duplex products that can be ligated. In addition, this protein has been found to localize to centrosomes where it has been implicated in regulation of centrosome integrity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016].

### Redundancy with EME1/MUS81

The GEN1 endonuclease shares redundancy with the EME1/MUS81 protein complex for DNA damage repair in mammalian cells. GEN1 and EME1/MUS81, in mice, have redundant functions with respect to their contributions to Holliday junction processing. When mice had homozygous mutations for both Gen1 and Eme1, they exhibited synthetic lethality at an early embryonic stage. Gen1 mutant homozygosity, alone, in mice did not cause a DNA repair deficiency. However, if mice homozygous for mutant Gen1 were also heterozyous for an Emc1 mutation, they displayed elevated sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. These observations indicated that GEN1 and EME1 have redundant roles in DNA repair. Gen1 and Emc1 also appear to have redundant roles in meiotic recombination.
# Halophila ovalis

Halophila ovalis, commonly known as paddle weed, spoon grass or dugong grass, is a seagrass in the family Hydrocharitaceae. It is a small herbaceous plant that naturally occurs in sea beds and other saltwater environments in the Indo-Pacific. It was introduced as isolated populations in Florida, Cuba and Antigua.
The first description of the species was by Robert Brown as Caulinia ovalis, this was transferred to the genus Halophila by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Flora Tasmaniae (1858). The species name Halophila ovata is now regarded as a synonym of this species.
The plant occurs around reefs, estuaries, islands, inter-tidal areas, on soft sand or mud substrates. The leaves are ovate in outline, appearing on stems that emerge from rhizome beneath the sand. The roots get up to 800 mm long and covered in fine root hairs. It is often found in meadows that dominate a sand bank or other patch of sea floor. The arrangement of the plant, above and below ground, provides stability to the sea floor and habitat for other species. It is used as food by dugong, as is therefore known as dugong grass.

## Johnson's seagrass

A clone of Halophila ovalis known as Johnson's seagrass occurs only on the southeastern coast of Florida. It was formerly treated as the species Halophila johnsonii, a synonym of Halophila ovalis subsp. ovalis.
# Halophryninae

The Halophryninae is a largely Old World subfamily of toadfish, part of the family Batrachoididae.

## Genera

The following genera are classified as members of the Halophryninae:
* Allenbatrachus Greenfield, 1997
* Austrobatrachus J.L.B. Smith, 1949
* Barchatus J.L.B. Smith, 1952
* Batrachomoeus Ogilby, 1908
* Batrichthys J.L.B. Smith, 1934
* Bifax Greenfield, Mee and Randall, 1994
* Chatrabus J.L.B. Smith, 1949
* Colletteichthys Greenfield, 2006
* Halobatrachus Ogilby, 1908
* Halophryne Gill, 1863
* Perulibatrachus Roux and Whitley, 1972
* Riekertia J.L.B. Smith, 1952
* Triathalassothia Fowler, 1943
# Hameed pur Kalan

Hameed Pur Kalan is a village in Kamoki, Gujranwala.
* This article about a location in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gabbie Stadium

Landen Stadium (previously Gabbie Stadium, Fairfax Community Stadium, Lily Homes Stadium, Lily's Football Centre, Blacktown City Sports Centre) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Sydney, Australia. It is the home ground of Blacktown City FC and Hills United FC. The stadium has a capacity crowd of 7,500 and is owned by Momento Hospitality.

## History

The stadium over the years has been used for soccer.
The venue has been originally known as Gabbie Stadium until naming rights deals with Fairfax Community Newspapers in 2007 settled on the name of Fairfax Community Stadium. In 2009, it was renamed Lily Homes Stadium. In 2014 it, was renamed Lily's Football Centre, in 2020 it was renamed Blacktown City Sports Centre, in 2023 it was renamed Landen Stadium.
# Hair ice

Hair ice, also known as ice wool or frost beard, is a type of ice that forms on dead wood and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. It is somewhat uncommon, and has been reported mostly at latitudes between 45 and 55 °N in broadleaf forests. The meteorologist (and discoverer of continental drift) Alfred Wegener described hair ice on wet dead wood in 1918, assuming some specific fungi as the catalyst, a theory mostly confirmed by Gerhart Wagner and Christian Mätzler in 2005. In 2015, the fungus Exidiopsis effusa was identified as key to the formation of hair ice.

## Formation

Hair ice forms on moist, rotting wood from broadleaf trees when temperatures are slightly under 0 °C (32 °F) and the air is humid. The hairs appear to root at the mouth of wood rays (never on the bark), and their thickness is similar to the diameter of the wood ray channels. A piece of wood that produces hair ice once may continue to produce it over several years.
Each of the smooth, silky hairs has a diameter of about 0.02 mm (0.0008 in) and a length of up to 20 cm (8 in). The hairs are brittle, but take the shape of curls and waves. They can maintain their shape for hours and sometimes days. This long lifetime indicates that something is preventing the small ice crystals from recrystallizing into larger ones, since recrystallization normally occurs very quickly at temperatures near 0 °C (32 °F).
In 2015, German and Swiss scientists identified the fungus Exidiopsis effusa as key to the formation of hair ice. The fungus was found on every hair ice sample examined by the researchers, and disabling the fungus with fungicide or hot water prevented hair ice formation. The fungus shapes the ice into fine hairs through an uncertain mechanism and likely stabilizes it by providing a recrystallization inhibitor similar to antifreeze proteins.
# GPR85

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 85 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR85 gene.
# GPR98

ADGRV1, also known as G protein-coupled receptor 98 (GPR98) or Very Large G-protein coupled receptor 1 (VLGR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR98 gene. Several alternatively spliced transcripts have been described.
The adhesion GPCR VLGR1 is the largest GPCR known, with a size of 6300 amino acids and consisting of 90 exons. There are 8 splice variants of VlgR1, named VlgR1a-1e and Mass1.1-1.3. The N-terminus consists of 5800 amino acids containing 35 Calx-beta domains, one pentraxin domain, and one epilepsy associated repeat. Mutations of VlgR1 have been shown to result in Usher's syndrome. Knockouts of Vlgr1 in mice have been shown to phenocopy Usher's syndrome and lead to audiogenic seizures.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors. The protein binds calcium and is expressed in the central nervous system. It is also known as very large G-protein coupled receptor 1 because it is 6300 residues long. It contains a C-terminal 7-transmembrane receptor domain, whereas the large N-terminal segment (5900 residues) includes 35 calcium binding Calx-beta domains, and 6 EAR domains.

## Evolution

The sea urchin genome has a homolog of VLGR1 in it.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with Usher syndrome 2 and familial febrile seizures.
# Gadhia

Gadhia may refer to:

## Places

* Gadhia, Gujarat, India, a village on Saurashtra peninsula which was ruled by mahiya before 1602a AD than after sartansinhji jhala won and established wankaner.
Some paliyas(memorial stone) found this region was evidence of that war.
* Gadhia State, a former princely state with seat in the above town

## People

* Gadhia community, a Hindu community in Gujarat
* Jayne-Anne Gadhia (born 1961), British chief executive officer of Virgin Money
* Jitesh Gadhia, Baron Gadhia (born 1970), British investment banker and Life Peer
* Sameer Gadhia, lead vocalist of Californian band Young the Giant
# Gadhimai, Bara

Gadhimai is a former independent municipality in Bara District in of south-eastern Nepal that was merged into Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City on 10 March 2017. It was itself established on 18 May 2014 by merging Pipara Simara, Jitpur Bhawanipur, Chhata Pipra, Phattepur, Dumbarwana Village Development Committees.
Gadhimai is named after the famous Gadhimai Temple where historically thousands of animals have been slaughtered for sacrifice during the Gadimai Festival, most recently in 2014. In the future animal sacrifice has been banned, and the temple director Ram Chandra Shah has declared the next festival will be a "momentous celebration of life."
It is situated about 5 km south of Simara and about 13 km north of Birganj. This place is famous for the buffalo market that has its history since about 1960 A.D. Once, this place was one of the richest VDCs in Nepal. At the time of the 2015 Nepal census it had a population of 83,367.
Dumbarwana is located on the north east corner of the municipality. It's the center of agriculture. Special economic zone is under pipeline which will bring the socioeconomic changes in these communities. Protection is the sugar mill land has been a burning issue. Dumbarwana has its own college, high schools and cooperatives. It has been developing as an educational, agricultural, socioeconomic hubs in Bara district. Development of a community hospital is a growing demand of the local communities.
# Hamborn 07

The Sportfreunde Hamborn 07 are a German association football club based in Hamborn, a district in the north of Duisburg.

## History

The club has its origin in 1903, when the Ballspiel-Club Hamborn was founded, which merged four years later with the SV Marxloh to the SV Hamborn 07. In 1954, the current club was created after the merger of SV Hamborn 07 and the Sportfreunde Hamborn.
Before the formation of the Bundesliga, the SV Hamborn 07 competed in the Oberliga West division. Their highest finish in the league was in 1948, when they finished in 4th place.
The club now plays in the tier seven Bezirksliga Niederrhein after relegation from the Oberliga Niederrhein in 2013 and the Landesliga Niederrhein in 2014.
# Hambre de Amor

Hambre de Amor is the first album by the Mexican singer Patricia Manterola, released in 1994.

## Track listing

* Lo Juro
* Ni Caso
* Hambre de Amor
* Quiero
* Regálame Una Rosa
* Acuérdate De Mí
* Mi Religión Eres Tú
* Eclipse De Amor
* Quien No Trabaja No Hace El Amor
* Vuelo Donde Me Lleva El Corazón
# Hale Township, Jones County, Iowa

Hale Township is a township in Jones County, Iowa.

## History

Hale Township was organized in 1851. It was named for Hon. J. P. Hale.
# Halystina siberutensis

Halystina siberutensis is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.
# Galina Romanova

Galina Romanova (December 25, 1918 – November 3, 1944) was a Ukrainian doctor who was deported to Germany during World War II to provide medical care for forced laborers. She became involved with the German resistance against Nazism and was executed at Berlin-Plötzensee prison.

## Life and career

Romanova was born in Romanivka, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire. Her father was a blacksmith. She attended medical school for three years and became a member of the Komsomol. In 1937, her parents were arrested by the domestic secret police, the NKVD and she was expelled from the Komsomol. She studied medicine at the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Institute for five years, but was not able to graduate because of the war. In 1942, she was allowed to graduate and on July 1, 1942, she and other graduates were deported to Nazi Germany and forced to treat forced laborers. She worked as a doctor in several concentration and labor camps, first in Wildau and then beginning in December 1942, in and around Oranienburg, at Sachsenhausen concentration camp and satellite camps.
She and her assistant made friends and sought to aid Jews and others persecuted by the Third Reich. She organized resistance groups among the Soviet forced laborers and worked to supply them with food and information. One friend connected her with French and Belgian prisoners and in 1943, she met Georg Groscurth, a doctor whose patients included Rudolf Hess and who was one of the founders of the German resistance group, the European Union. Groscurth gave her medicines and advice and supported her organizing efforts. She became a member of the European Union. In September, as the European Union was attempting to make contact with the Allies, Groscurth and other key members of the group were arrested.
Romanova and her friends pressed on with their work and prepared a message to send to the Allies. They were just about to send their message to Sweden when they were discovered and arrested. One friend, Alexei Kalinitchenko, died under interrogation. Romanova was arrested on October 6, 1943 and sentenced to death on April 27, 1944. She was guillotined on November 3, 1944 at Berlin-Plötzensee prison.
# Galachrysis

Galachrysis is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.
# Galina Timchenko

Galina Viktorovna Timchenko (Russian: Гали́на Ви́кторовна Ти́мченко; born 8 May 1962) is a Russian-born Latvian journalist and the CEO, publisher and owner of Meduza.

## Early life and education

Timchenko was born in Moscow on 8 May 1962. She graduated from the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. From 1997 to 1999, she worked as an editor at the Kommersant newspaper. In 1999, she moved to the newly created online edition Lenta.ru, having risen from the monitoring officer to chief editor. In 2004, she assumed the position of editor in chief.

## Career

In 2010, Harvard University conducted a study of the Russian blogosphere, and recognized Lenta.ru as the most widely quoted in the Russian-language blogs news source. According to research firm comScore, conducted in April 2013, the site Lenta.ru took 5th place in attendance of European news sites. According to Alexa.com in March 2014 Lenta.ru ranked 16th most popular in Russia.
On 12 March 2014, the owner, Alexander Mamut, fired Galina Timchenko and replaced her with Alexey Goreslavsky. 39 employees out of the total 84, including Director-general Yuliya Minder, including 32 correspondents, all 5 photo-editors and 6 administrators resigned as a result.
The employees of Lenta.ru issued a statement that the purpose of the move was to install a new Editor-in-Chief directly controlled by the Kremlin and turn the website into a propaganda tool. In October 2014, Timchenko together with several former journalists of Lenta.ru launched a new media based in Riga, named Meduza. Timchenko told Forbes that the decision to base Meduza in Latvia was made because "it is possible to establish an independent publishing house in Latvia, while in Russia it is impossible". In 2022, she received the Committee to Protect Journalists' (CJP) Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Award as Meduza's CEO and publisher for "extraordinary and sustained achievement in the cause of press freedom".
In 2023, her phone had been hacked with spyware Pegasus while she was in Germany. According to investigators, the attack could have come from Russia or a European Union state.
# Galium aristatum

Galium aristatum, the awned bedstraw, is a plant species in the Rubiaceae, currently (May 2014) accepted as a distinct species. It is native to the Alps and the Pyrenees Mountains of Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Germany). It is also reportedly naturalized in a few places in New York State in the United States.
# Galium argense

Galium argense (Argus bedstraw) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is endemic to California and native to Inyo and San Bernardino Counties. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
# Galdor

Galdor can refer to:
* Galdr, a magical song in some Germanic languages.
* Galdor, the father of Húrin in The Silmarillion.
# Hannah Green (author)

Hannah Green (1927–1996) was an American author, born in Cincinnati, Ohio and lived on Barrow Street, in Greenwich Village, New York. As an undergraduate at Wellesley, she enrolled in Vladimir Nabokov's survey of Russian literature in translation, which she later wrote about in The New Yorker. Ms. Green completed her MFA at Stanford University with Wallace Stegner. There she met Tillie Olsen, and the two began a lifelong friendship. In 1960, she was a recipient of the first of many MacDowell Colony residencies. Among her published work are articles in The New Yorker, the books, The Dead of the House (1973) and Golden Spark, Little Saint: My Book of the Hours of Saint Foy (2000), and the children's book, In the City of Paris. For several years, Ms. Green taught in the writing programs of Stanford, Columbia, and New York University. Until her death in 1996, she was married to the American artist John Wesley.
# Gangs of London

Gangs of London may refer to:
* Gangs of London (TV series), a 2020 British-American TV series
* Gangs of London (video game), a 2006 game for the Sony PSP
# Hans Knudsen (painter)

Hans Christian Martinus Kundsen (16 August 1865 – 6 January 1947) was a Danish artist. He is remembered principally for his landscape paintings mainly of the area of North Zealand which constituted his world of motifs.

## Biography

Knudsen was born in Roskilde, Denmark. He was the son of Martinus Knudsen (1831–88) and Johanne Cathrine Jensine Crone (1828–1904).
He trained as a decoration painter in Odense with Carl Frederik Aagaard (1833-1895) from 1881-84. From 1888-96, he trained to the school operated by Kristian Zahrtmann (1843–1917). He exhibited regularly at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition from 1893–1946.
For many years Knudsen lived close to the forest edge of Ganløse Ore in Egedal, right on the border with Værløse in Furesø. He belonged to the group of painters called the Værløsemalerne with art frequently focused on the area of around Ganløse and Værløse. Knudsen was inspired by the picturesque perceptions and lyrical coloristic projections of Albert Gottschalk (1866–1906) and Laurits Andersen Ring (1854–1933).
He received the Eckersberg Medal in 1917, the Serdin Hansens Prize in 1919, the Alfred Benzon Prize in 1933, 1942 and the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1944. In 1909, he married Sørine Kristine Thomsen (1880-1964). He died during 1947 west of Ganløse at Slagslunde.
# Hamilton baronets of Haggs (1670)

The Hamilton baronetcy, of Haggs in Scotland, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 11 February 1670 for Alexander Hamilton, said by Cokayne to be of the Hamiltons of Orbistoun. The title became extinct on the death of the 2nd Baronet circa 1710.

## Hamilton baronets, of Haggs, Scotland (1670)

* Sir Alexander Hamilton, 1st Baronet (died before 1700)
* Sir Alexander Hamilton, 2nd Baronet (died c. 1710)
# Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Latina

The Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Latina or The Modern and Contemporary Civic Gallery in Latina, in the Region of Lazio, is an Italian Pinacoteca (Paintings Museum).
It was instituted in 1937 as Littoria Pinacoteca (Antic Latina’s name) and its original centre was realised thanks to works donated by various artists participating at the XX Venice Biennale and at the II Roman Quadriennale.
During the war, and after the September 8th armistice in 1943, most of the collection was lost. In December 1994, with those few paintings left together with those recovered by Carabinieri Force, the Gallery reopened to the public at the Palace of Culture in Latina
In 1996 began the acquisition process that expanded the initial chronological boundary, connecting the existing collection to contemporary art, and enriching the collection of several hundred paintings.
In 1999 a specific contemporary art section was created, which includes paintings created after 1955.

## Collection

Some artists exhibited in the permanent collection:
* Ugo Attardi
* Corrado Cagli
* Domenico Cantatore
* Salvatore Fiume
* Marino Marini
* Guido Marzulli
* Plinio Nomellini
* Aligi Sassu
* Gregorio Sciltian
* Arturo Tosi
* Ernesto Treccani
* Achille Vertunni