OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Cazenove

John Cazenove (1788–1879) was an English businessman and political economist.

## Life

He was the elder brother of Philip Cazenove, who in 1823 founded Cazenove the firm of stockbrokers.
Cazenove was educated at Charterhouse School. He is thought by Patricia James to have met Robert Malthus through Charles Webb Le Bas.
After Malthus died in 1834, Cazenove applied for the teaching vacancy at the East India College. The position went to Richard Jones.

## Works

Cazenove has been considered one of the "Cambridge Inductivist" group of intellectuals. As an economist he was a supporter of Malthus; and according to Pullen, he was the editor of the second edition (1836) of the Principles of Malthus. James comments that it is now impossible to know whether the views in that edition are those of Malthus or the editor.
In 1853, Cazenove revised Malthus's Definitions in Political Economy, which had first been published in 1827.
The list of publications by Cazenove is still not clarified by scholars. He was a reviewer for the British Critic, and at this period the custom was that reviews were unsigned. There is some debate about a series of reviews in the British Critic, ten from the years 1815 to 1824, that related to economic topics and apparently voiced views close to Malthus. One such review, Malthus on Political Economy, took the opportunity to enter the Malthus–Ricardo debate, attacking the inverse wage-profit relationship of David Ricardo. Some or all of these have been attributed to Cazenove. But the external evidence to show his authorship is absent. He is known to have reviewed works of John Ramsay McCulloch (1824) and Thomas Chalmers (1832). Of other publications, Cazenove wrote 11, of which seven were published anonymously.
In 1859 Cazenove edited the Literary Remains of Richard Jones. They were published with a preface by William Whewell.
Cazenove was also a chess player, and published a selection of games in 1817.

## Family

Cazenove married in 1815 Harriet Hillyard Gibson (died 1835), daughter of James Gibson of Epsom.
The Anglican theologian and author, Rev John Gibson Cazenove DD FRSE (1822–1896), Chancellor of Edinburgh Cathedral, was their son.
# Kitty (1810 ship)

Kitty was a French vessel taken in prize c. 1810. She became a West Indiaman and then, following a change of ownership, a privateer. She was one of only two British privateers to target slave traders. She captured three off Sierra Leone before one of her targets captured her in 1814, killing her master, enslaving some of her crew, and setting fire to her.

## British career

Kitty enters Lloyd's Register in 1810.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade |
| 1810 | R. Banks | "Crutchlw" | London-Barbados |
| 1811 | R.Banks J. Gibbs | "Crutchlw" Roach & Co. | London-Barbados Liverpool-Africa |
| 1812 | J.B.Gibbs Roach | Roach & Co. | Liverpool-Africa |
| 1813 | J. Roach | Roach & Co. | Liverpool-Africa |
| 1814 | J. Roach | Roach & Co. | Liverpool-Africa |
John Roach acquired Kitty in 1811. He received a letter of marque for her on 2 October 1812.
In early 1813 Kitty captured three slave ships off Sierra Leone, all of which she took into Freetown where the Vice admiralty court condemned them:
| Date | Name | Nationality | Type | Slaves landed |
| 1813 | Amelia | | | 85 |
| 4 June 1813 | San Jose Triumfo | Spanish | Brig | 96 |
| 4 June 1813 | Phoenix | Portuguese | Brig | 1 |
The need to put prize crews aboard San Jose Triumfo and Phoenix strained Roach's resources. Instead, at the cost of sharing the proceeds, he arranged for HMS Thais to take them into Freetown.

## Fate

Lloyd's List reported on 27 May 1814 that Kitty had been totally lost sometime in February off the coast of Africa while chasing a Spanish vessel. An English slave trader called Crawford was working with a Spanish schooner carrying slaves that Crawford had gathered. The schooner captured Kitty and the schooner's master murdered Roach. The Spaniards plundered Kitty before scuttling her. The schooner also enslaved the black crew on Kitty, including two freed Negroes from Sierra Leone, and sold them into slavery at Havana. HMS Spitfire rescued the surviving crew members and captured Crawford's launch and trade goods, but was unable to capture either Crawford or the Spanish schooner.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.72 Archived July 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
* 1 2 Lloyd's Register (1811), Seq.№K62.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1810), Supplement Seq.№K1.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1812), Seq.№K71.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1813), Seq.№K71.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1814), Seq.№K75.
* ↑ Grindal (2016), Appendix A: "Suspected Slave Vessels Detained 1807-39 by Royal Navy Cruisers, Colonial Vessels and Letters of Marque Vessels".
* ↑ Grindal (2016), 3899-3901.
* ↑ Lloyd's List.
* 1 2 Grindal (2016), 3987-3992.
* ↑ Edwards (1819), p. 492.
# National Strategy for Economic Transformation (Scotland)

Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy, Kate Forbes, revealed the Scottish Government's 10 year economic plan called National Strategy for Economic Transformation (NSET) on 1 March 2022. This is the first strategic economic work the Scottish National Party administration had done since the publication of The Sustainable Growth Commission report in 2018. The main difference in this report was the focus on developing Scotland's economy whilst being part of the United Kingdom rather than becoming independent. Ms Forbes wanted to "deliver the best economic performance possible for Scotland within the current constitutional constraints." She identified the need for action because of Scotland's poor productivity and comparable low-levels of business start-ups. She said Scotland lagged behind the OECD average in terms of productivity, and boosting this could raise wages by 10%.
The 56-page report described six programmes, 18 projects and 77 specific actions which would aim to improve Scotland's economy over a decade, by making Scotland fairer, wealthier and greener. The main areas it focused on were creating an entrepreneurial culture, developing new market opportunities, and improving productivity, upskilling the workforce and creating a fairer and more equal society. The First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon will convene a panel of investors to attract green inward investment to Scotland to help hit climate change targets. The strategy will also attempt to improve digital links and develop a "national digital academy" to help people improve their skills. Tackling poverty through fairer work conditions is also key aim, as well as helping women, people from ethnic minority backgrounds and disabled people into the workforce. The Scottish Government is committed to the "ruthless and relentless delivery" of the outcomes it details in the report.
Although too early to tell the outcome of the strategy, there were mixed reactions to the publication of the report. The STUC branded it a "missed opportunity" and the entrepreneur Sir Tom Hunter described the plan as a “long wish list with no magic wand”. However Sandy Begbie, the chief executive of the Scottish Financial Enterprise was encouraged to see entrepreneurialism as the core focus of the strategy.
# National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace

In the United States government, the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, is a component of the larger National Strategy for Homeland Security. The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace was drafted by the Department of Homeland Security in reaction to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Released on February 14, 2003, it offers suggestions, not mandates, to business, academic, and individual users of cyberspace to secure computer systems and networks. It was prepared after a year of research by businesses, universities, and government, and after five months of public comment. The plan advises a number of security practices as well as promotion of cyber security education.
The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace identifies three strategic objectives: (1) Prevent cyber attacks against America's critical infrastructures; (2) Reduce national vulnerability to cyber attacks; and (3) Minimize damage and recovery time from cyber attacks that do occur. To meet these objectives, the National Strategy outlines five national priorities: The first priority, the creation of a National Cyberspace Security Response System, focuses on improving the government's response to cyberspace security incidents and reducing the potential damage from such events. The second, third, and fourth priorities (the development of a National Cyberspace Security Threat and Vulnerability Reduction Program, the creation of a National Cyberspace Security Awareness and Training Program, the necessity of Securing Governments' Cyberspace) aim to reduce threats from, and vulnerabilities to, cyber attacks. The fifth priority, the establishment of a system of National Security and International Cyberspace Security Cooperation, intends to prevent cyber attacks that could impact national security assets and to improve the international management of and response to such attacks.
Ultimately, the National Strategy encourages companies to regularly review their technology security plans, and individuals who use the Internet to add firewalls and anti-virus software to their systems. It calls for a single federal center to help detect, monitor and analyze attacks, and for expanded cyber security research and improved government-industry cooperation.
Strategies formulated in cybersecurity discourse should be responsive and multi-pronged. The former focuses on flexible plans of actions that are developed and adapted in response to the changes and dynamics existing in the socio-technical systems. The latter focuses on the strategies that are developed by thoughtfully considering the interconnected elements, methods, and actors in these systems from several points of view or directions.
# Kobbeakaduwa

Kobbeakaduwa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# John Casement

Admiral John Moore Casement CB (13 September 1877 – 25 January 1952) was a Royal Navy officer who commanded the 3rd Battle Squadron.

## Naval career

Educated at Fettes College and Britannia Royal Naval College, Casement joined the Royal Navy in 1891. He served in World War I as commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Blanche and saw action at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. He went on to become commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Comus in 1916.
After the War Casement became commanding officer of the battlecruiser HMS Courageous in 1921, commanding officer of the battleship HMS Benbow in 1924, and received flag rank as rear admiral on 4 October 1926. He was then appointed Commander of 3rd Battle Squadron in 1929 before retiring in 1931.
# Klebsiella michiganensis

Klebsiella michiganensis is a species of bacteria in the genus Klebsiella and is one of the nine species in the Klebsiella oxytoca complex. It is closely related to the species K. oxytoca except K. michiganensis is negative in the pectin degradation test and negative by PCR for polygalacturonase gene pehX. The name K. michiganensis comes from the United States' state of Michigan, where the species was originally isolated from a toothbrush holder. It is capable of biofilm formation.
# Kodni

Kodni is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India.
# John Cusick

Lt. General John Joseph Cusick (born March 11, 1942) is a retired lieutenant general of the United States Army. Cusick served as the 42nd Quartermaster General of the United States Army from July 1991 until August 1993.
Cusick began his military career in May 1964, when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant from the Army ROTC at the University of Scranton. He received a bachelor's degree in American history from the University of Scranton. He also obtained a master's degree in American history from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and a master's in management from Webster University in Missouri. He retired honorably from the U.S. Army on May 31, 1998.
# John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow

John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow, GCH (19 August 1779 – 15 September 1853) was a British Peer and Tory politician.

## Life

Cust was the eldest son of the 1st Baron Brownlow and his second wife, Frances. He was educated at Eton (1788–93) and Trinity College, Cambridge (1797) before undertaking a European tour of Russia and Germany in 1801. In 1802 he was elected the MP for Clitheroe, holding the seat until 1807, when he succeeded his father's title and estates, including Belton House near Grantham, Lincolnshire.
In May 1805, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. From 1809 to 1852, he was Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire and in 1815 was created Earl Brownlow and Viscount Alford, of Alford, in the County of Lincoln. He was appointed to the Royal Guelphic Order as a Knight Grand Cross (GCH) in 1834.
According to the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership at the University College London, Brownlow was awarded compensation under the Slave Compensation Act 1837. In 1821, Brownlow's younger brother, Sir Edward Cust, 1st Baronet (1794–1878), had married Mary Anne Boode (1799–1882). Mary was the daughter and heiress of Lewis William and Margaret Boode (née Dannett). The Boodes were a prominent Dutch, slave owning family. Brownlow and Wilbraham Egerton of Tatton Park acted as co-trustees and executors of Margaret Boode's estate when she died in 1827.

## Family

On 24 July 1810, Lord Brownlow married Sophia Hume, the second daughter and coheiress of Sir Abraham Hume, Bt., with whom he had three children:
* Lady Sophia Frances, (1811–1882) (allegedly a friend of Augustus Smith and a regular visitor to Tresco), married Lt-Col Christopher Tower. Mother of Amelia, Countess de Salis
* John Hume, Viscount Alford (1812–1851)
* Charles Henry (1813–1875)
Brownlow's wife died in 1814 and on 22 September 1818, he married Caroline Fludyer daughter of George Fludyer of Ayston, Rutland (and a granddaughter of Sir Samuel Fludyer, Bt). Brownlow and Caroline had four daughters:
* Lady Caroline Mary Cust, (1819–1898)
* Lady Amelia Cust, (1821–?)
* Lady Katherine Anne Cust, (1822–1885)
* Lady Elizabeth Cust, (1824–1824)
Caroline died in 1824 and Brownlow then married thirdly Lady Emma Sophia Edgcumbe, a daughter of the 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. Lord Brownlow did have not any children with his third wife.
As his eldest son had pre-deceased him in 1851, on his own death in 1853 his titles and estates passed to his grandson, John William Spencer Egerton-Cust
# Metropolitana Province

The Metropolitana Province is a province of the Colombian Department of Santander.
# Edvard Antosiewicz

Edvard Antosiewicz (also Antonijevič; 24 December 1902 – 4 January 1961) was a Slovenian gymnast, competing for Yugoslavia.
Antosiewicz was born in Ljubljana. From an early age, he was an active member of the Slovenian Sokol athletics movement. He represented Yugoslavia at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands; he won a bronze medal with the men's all-around team, together with Stane Derganc, Dragutin Ciotti, Boris Gregorka, Anton Malej, Janez Porenta, Jože Primožič, and Leon Štukelj. In addition, he competed individually in all the men's disciplines. He finished 26th in individual all-around, 21st in horse vault, 38th in parallel bars, 36th in horizontal bar, 11th in rings, and 36th in pommel horse.
In the years following, Antosiewicz participated at the 1930 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Luxembourg, where he won 3rd place with the Yugoslavia team and finished 15th in individual all-around. Antosiewicz's colleague Anton Malej suffered a fatal injury at that competition after falling at the end of his routine on rings. Yugoslavia did not participate at the 1932 Summer Olympics and also missed the 1934 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships because of political tensions with Hungary. Antosiewicz entered the national trials for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin but was outperformed by younger gymnasts and did not earn a place in the national team. Nevertheless, he went to Berlin as a sport referee and was a referee at the horse vault competition.
During the Second World War, Antosiewicz remained active in the Sokol movement. In the last years of the war, he was imprisoned in Ljubljana and then sent to Dachau concentration camp. At the end of the war, he was rescued by American forces. After having recovered, he lived and worked in Munich, Kobarid, and Trieste. In Trieste, his daughter met and married an American doctor and moved with him to Arkansas, United States. Antosiewicz followed them with his wife and son Andre in 1949. He died in Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1961 and is buried in Jonesboro.
# This Old Skin

"This Old Skin" is a song by The Beautiful South which appeared on their 2004 covers album, Golddiggas, Headnodders and Pholk Songs, and was the second single released from the album. It was purportedly written by Bobby Cristiansand and Barry Klein of the band The Heppelbaums, supposedly appearing on their album Hunt For The White Nightingale. In fact, it was written by Paul Heaton and Dave Rotheray of the Beautiful South. When performed live, the song was accompanied by a pastiche of a 1970s music documentary, with The Beautiful South appearing as The Heppelbaums.
The song appeared on the UK charts for 2 weeks, entering at #63 on 18 December 2004 and peaked at #43 the following week.
The Beautiful South single comprised two CDs with the following tracks:

## CD1

* "This Old Skin" (3:55)
* "Lipstick Traces" (3:18)

## CD2

* "This Old Skin" (3:55)
* "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now" (4:03)
* "Livin' Thing" (Video) (3:13)
# Möllenbeck

Möllenbeck may refer to the following places in Germany:
* Möllenbeck, Ludwigslust, in the district of Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Möllenbeck, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in the Mecklenburg-Strelitz district, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Möllenbeck, part of Rinteln in the Schaumburg district, Lower Saxony
# Jiucheng, Honghe

Jiucheng (simplified Chinese: 旧城; traditional Chinese: 舊城; pinyin: Jiùchéng; lit. 'old city') is a town of Luxi County in the northeastern reaches of the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in eastern Yunnan province, China, located (as the crow flies) around 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of the county seat, 143 km (89 mi) north-northeast of Mengzi City and about 90 km (56 mi) east-southeast of Kunming. As of 2011, it has 11 villages under its administration.
# Jiuchi

Jiuchi (地打ち), commonly referred to as "ji," is the base beat or underlying rhythm in traditional Japanese music. In the folk tradition, it consists of a simple, even rhythm, sung using kuchi shoka as "do ko do ko." This is often called "straight ji" in English to differentiate from other ji patterns.
A common variation is to "swing" the ji, called the "dongo" pattern after the kuchi shoka (sung as "don go don go"). When playing dongo, the upbeat (the "go") is not evenly spaced between the downbeats, but is instead played toward the "back of the beat," a common practice in jazz music. Generally the first note of each pair is twice as long as the second, giving the pattern a triplet feel. In English, the dongo pattern is often simply called the swing ji because of the history of the swing rhythm in North American jazz. Other common types of ji include the horse-beat ji ("don dogo don dogo"; in Western drum notation:"1.&12.&a3.&a4.&a") and the matsuri, or festival, ji ("DON doko don DON, DON doko don DON").
The ji is usually played throughout a song to hold the other instruments together rhythmically. For this reason, the ji is prevalent when playing taiko, which is a Japanese art form in which the drums are the central instrument. When playing taiko, the ji is often simple and loud, played most often on a smaller rope-tied drum (the "shime-daiko") which is high-pitched and has a sharp attack, making it easily audible over the rumble of the larger taikos. It can by played on almost any instrument, however. For example, it is commonly played on the largest drum (the "ōdaiko"), either as backing for the other instruments, or to aid a soloist playing on the other head of the drum.
# Khojkipur

Khojkipur is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from sub district headquarter, 41 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 81 houses and the population of 410 of which 225 are males while 185 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 0 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
# Khojpur

Khojpur is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,063 people living in 978 individual households.
# Kibe (surname)

Kibe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Akira Kibe (born 1976), Japanese mixed martial artist
* Madhav Vinayak Kibe (1877–?), Indian scholar
* Petro Kasui Kibe (1587–1639), Japanese Christian and a Jesuit priest
* Shigeno Kibe (木部 シゲノ 1903–1980), Japanese aviator
# Jiří Janda

Jiří Janda (24 April 1865 – 25 August 1938) was a Czech ornithologist, zoologist and high school teacher. He was involved in the establishment of Prague Zoo where he served as the founding director.

## Life and work

Janda was born in Prague where his father Bohumil Janda Cidlinský was a Land Committee official who was also a poet and writer. As a young boy, he raised a goldfinch at home and became interested in birds. When he was ten years old, his father died and he was raised by his maternal grandparents in Poděbrady where he had more access to animals and wilderness. He attended Novoměstské gymnasium and graduated from Prague University studying under Antonín Frič between 1884 and 1889. He also studied at the University of Graz in 1887–1888. He studied under František Vejdovský, with whom he worked on the systematics of chordates (Gordiidae), and was his assistant in 1892–1893.
After his studies, he taught at gymnasia around Moravia spending time in Uherské Hradiště, Kroměříž, Valašské Meziříčí and Brno until 1904. During these periods he kept notes on the birds of the regions. He began to write popular articles in magazines and dailies. From 1926 to 1930, he translated the bird volumes of Brehms Tierleben. In 1919 he was involved in the conservation of natural monuments and became involved in conservation of the Tatra National Park and the establishment of several bird reserves.
In 1928 he founded the Czechoslovak Ornithological Society and served as its chairman. Janda had a great love of zoos and had dreamt of a zoo in Prague for long and in 1936 his proposed the establishment of zoo was taken up only after 1926. Janda was made head of the committee to oversee it and it was opened on 28 September 1931 with him as the first director.