OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jan Ivarsson

Jan Ivarsson (born 1931) is a Swedish translation scholar specialised in the field of audiovisual translation.

## Life

Ivarsson studied mathematics, physics, literature, Scandinavian languages and English at Uppsala University. He was very involved in student theatre and later worked at the municipal theatre. From 1960 to 1963 he taught at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Kiel and from 1963 to 1970 he taught Swedish language and literature at the Sorbonne in Paris. He later taught from 1965 until 1970 at the École Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs in Paris and worked in a number of Paris theatres. From 1970 to 1978 he was General Secretary of the Swedish cultural centre in Paris.
He returned to Sweden in 1978 and worked as a subtitler in Stockholm in film and television, particularly for the Swedish broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT). He became head of programming with a specialty in drama. He worked with ScanTitling/Cavena on a new computerized time-coded subtitling system at SVT. He retired in 1995 and moved to the coastal town of Simrishamn in southern Sweden where he continued to work as a freelance translator and subtitler.

## Work

Ivarsson has translated song lyrics, drama, television programmes and books from French, German and English into Swedish. In 1992 he published Subtitling for the Media – A Handbook of an Art and in 1998 he and Mary Carroll published the influential textbook Subtitling. His 'Short Technical History of Subtitles in Europe' remains one of the few scholarly sources on the history of subtitling and has been widely cited.
From 1992 to 1996 he collaborated with the Language Transfer of the European Institute for the Media working group and in 1995 he was a founding member of the European Association for Studies in Screen Translation (ESIST), of which he was for some years Vice-President.

## Award

The Jan Ivarsson Award is conferred by the European Association for Studies in Screen Translation for an outstanding contribution to the field of audiovisual translation. The first award was given to Ivarsson himself in Berlin at the biennial Language and the Media conference in 2010, for his lifetime pioneering contribution in the field of subtitling. Later winners of the Jan Ivarsson Award include the subtitler Mary Carroll (2012) and the audiovisual translation studies scholar Jorge Díaz Cintas (2014).

## Selected publications

* Subtitling for the Media. A Handbook of an Art. Stockholm, Transedit, 1992
* Subtitling. Simrishamn, Transedit, 1998
* A short technical history of subtitles in Europe. Online at http://www.transedit.se/history.htm Archived 29 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
# River Dever

The River Dever /ˈdiːvər/ is a chalk stream in Hampshire in the south of England. It rises at West Stratton near Micheldever and flows westwards for 11 mi (18 km) to meet the River Test at Wherwell.

## Course

The source is at 80 metres (260 ft) Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) alongside the A33, the main road north-east from Winchester, of Roman origin, and meanders west through the village of Micheldever, three hamlets: Weston Colley, Stoke Charity and Wonston, then its largest village, Sutton Scotney, followed by Upper and Lower Bullington. The river skirts to the north of Barton Stacey and through the hamlet of Bransbury, meeting the Test on Bransbury Common, opposite the east fields of Wherwell on the multi-channel Test's West Bank at 48 metres (157 ft) AOD.

## Etymology

From Old English times some records have Myceldefer. The likely first sound-meaning denoted by the scribe is /mixl/, that means "great", and the latter part, if from the Common Brittonic, "water, river" as in Andover or the Candover Brook nearby.
Alternatively the Old Welsh /mixn/ for "bog" is suggested by the earliest-known form, from 862, Mycendefr, not relatively prevalent due to the gradient and alkaline water.

## Attributes

It is essentially fed by very close chalk aquifers, likewise to its continuation the Test, a highly abundant watercourse in Europe for large trout. It includes two trout farms, at the otherwise almost wholly green locality of Bransbury, and at Difford, north of Barton Stacey. The watermill at Weston Colley is a Grade II listed building/. The mill at Bransbury is also Grade II listed.

## Water quality

The Environment Agency measures the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.
Water quality of the River Dever in 2019:
| Section | Ecological Status | Chemical Status | Overall Status | Length | Catchment | Channel |
| Dever | Good | Fail | Moderate | 20.181 km (12.540 mi) | 128.005 km$^2$ (49.423 sq mi) | |
# Kurobe River

The Kurobe River (黒部川, Kurobe-gawa) is a river in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The river is 86 kilometres (53 mi) in length and has a watershed of 689 square kilometres (266 sq mi).
The river rises from Mount Washiba in the Hida Mountains and carves the deep valley known as the Kurobe Gorge. It comes out of the mountains at Unazuki and forms an alluvial fan which directly sinks into the Sea of Japan.

## Tributary

* Kuronagi River
# Bessacarr Halt railway station

vteDoncaster–Lincoln line :
Legend :
Bessacarr railway halt was a small halt on the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway in the suburbs of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It was the first halt south of Doncaster, being just 2.5 miles (4 km) south of the town on the Joint line following a series of flying junctions and a direct connection to the South Yorkshire Joint Railway.
The halt opened in 1912 but did not appear in public timetables and was closed in 1924.
The site of Bessacarr Halt, along with 7 others, was highlighted as a possible "new station" under a report to Doncaster Borough Council in September 2008, with reopening at some future date a possibility.
# Nannostomus eques

Nannostomus eques, (from the Greek: nanos = small, and the Latin stomus = relating to the mouth; from the Latin: eques = horseman), commonly known as the diptail, brown or hockey stick pencilfish, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the characin family Lebiasinidae. It was first described in 1876 by Franz Steindachner making it one of the first members of the genus to be discovered and described. It is fairly typical of members of this genus being a small, elongated fish with prominent horizontal stripes. It occurs quite widely in South America, having been recorded in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Guyana. It is also quite commonly met with in the aquarium trade where its habit of swimming and posturing at a 'snout-up' angle—one of two Nannostomus species to do so, the other being Nannostomus unifasciatus—makes it a popular choice.
# Glastronome

Glastronome is a defunct restaurant in Limmen, in the Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1980 and retained that rating until 1985.
Head chef in the time of the Michelin star was Jaap Istha.
Restaurant Glastronome closed down in 1987.
# Praomys coetzeei

Praomys coetzeei is a species of mouse in the family Muridae.
# Favorinus auritulus

Favorinus blianus is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch in the family Facelinidae.

## Description

The maximum recorded body length is 13 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 2 m.
# Crocomela flammifera

Crocomela flammifera is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by William Warren in 1904. It is found in Peru.
It is involved in Müllerian mimicry with Lyces vulturata.
# Lintneria phalerata

Lintneria phalerata is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Argentina and Bolivia.
The length of the forewings is 40–45 mm. Adults have been recorded from January to March and in November.
The larvae probably feed on Lamiaceae (such as Salvia, Mentha, Monarda and Hyptis), Hydrophylloideae (such as Wigandia) and Verbenaceae species (such as Verbena and Lantana).
# Jan Jacek Bruski

Jan Jacek Bruski (born 1969) is a Polish historian. His specialization is a history of 20th Century.
In 1999 he gained his PhD (thesis: Centrum Państwowe Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej na wychodźstwie w latach 1919–1924. Monografia polityczna; supervisor: Michał Pułaski). In 2011 he passed his habilitation (thesis: Między prometeizmem a Realpolitik. II Rzeczpospolita wobec Ukrainy Sowieckiej, 1921–1926).
Bruski is working at the Jagiellonian University.
For his book Między prometeizmem a Realpolitik. II Rzeczpospolita wobec Ukrainy Sowieckiej 1921-1926 Bruski won the Henryk Wereszycki and Wacław Felczak Award.

## Books

* Petlurowcy. Centrum Państwowe Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej na wychodźstwie, 1919-1924, 1st ed. Kraków 2000, 2nd ed. Kraków 2004.
* Ukraina, 2nd ed., Warszawa 200, (with Andrzej Chojnowski).
* Miedzy prometeizmem a Realpolitik. II Rzeczpospolita wobec Ukrainy Sowieckiej 1921-1926, Kraków 2010.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Katalog Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej".
* ↑ "Nagroda im. Felczaka i Wereszyckiego dla Jana Jacka Bruskiego". Nauka w Polsce. 2010.
# Riverside County Parks

The Riverside County Regional Park and Open-Space District ("RivCoParks"; and commonly, Riverside County Parks) is a special district operating in Riverside County, California. The District’s focus encompasses providing high-quality recreational opportunities and preserving important features of the County’s Natural, Cultural and Historical heritage.

## History

RivCoParks was founded in July 1926 when the Riverside County Board of Supervisors created a Board of Forestry to oversee what little open space the County had acquired up to that date. In 1959 the Board of Supervisors created a parks department and appointed a Parks Superintendent. In 1990 the parks department became a district during a general election and formed under the California Public Resources Code 5506.7. (a)..
The parks and facilities administered by RivCoParks vary greatly in size and character. Current inventory includes 71,669 acres of land, 160 miles of regional trail, 11 regional parks, 6 archeological sites, 4 nature centers, 4 historic sites, and 14 wildlife reserves. Some of the parks are wilderness areas, others include a variety of recreation attractions with opportunities for swimming, angling, boating, camping, biking, hiking, and horse riding.
The work of the District is supported by 3 commissions, 1 committee and 6 support groups, which raises funds for the improvement of the parks and programs. The District is a member of the National Association of Regional Parks and Open Space Officers (NACPRO), the California Association of Regional Parks and Open Space Administrators (CARPOSA), the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) and the California Parks and Recreation Society (CPRS).

## District Parks and Trails

* Bogart Park (transferred to the Beaumont-Cherry Valley Recreation and Park District in 2019)
* Box Springs Mountain Reserve
* Crestmore Manor (event facility and headquarters)
* Gilman Historic Ranch and Wagon Museum
* Goose Flats Wildlife Area
* Harford Springs
* Hidden Valley Wildlife Area
* Hurkey Creek Park
* Idyllwild Park
* Jensen Alvarado Ranch
* Kabian Park
* Lake Cahuilla Recreation Area – a modern reservoir/lake named after the prehistoric Lake Cahuilla
* Lake Skinner Recreation Area
* Lawler Lodge/Cabins
* Louis Robidoux Nature Center
* Mayflower Park
* Maze Stone Park
* McCall Memorial Park
* McIntyre Park
* Miller Park
* Multi-Species Reserve
* Rancho Jurupa Regional Parks
* San Timoteo Canyon Schoolhouse
* Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve
# Kuroi Jukai

Kuroi Jukai (黒い樹海) literally means "the black sea of trees," and may refer to:
* another name for Aokigahara, the forest around Mount Fuji in Japan, sometimes simply called "jukai" ("Sea of Trees")
* a 1960 novel by Seichō Matsumoto, Kuroi Jukai
# Bethel United Methodist Church

Bethel United Methodist Church may refer to:
* Bethel United Methodist Church (Bethel, Connecticut)
* Bethel United Methodist Church (Lake City, Florida)
* Bethel United Methodist Church (Bethel Acres, Oklahoma)
# Nannostomus espei

Nannostomus espei, (from the Greek: nanos = small, and the Latin stomus = relating to the mouth; espei = in honor of tropical fish importer/exporter, Heinrich Espe), commonly known as Espe's pencilfish or barred pencilfish, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the characin family Lebiasinidae. It was first described in 1956 by Herman Meinken from the Mazaruni River system in Guyana and to date this is its only known location. It is notable amongst the genus in that the dominant body pattern consists of five broad, comma-like patches instead of the more normal horizontal stripes seen in the rest of the genus. This pattern of patches is assumed by other species at night, but only N. espei displays the pattern permanently and in daylight.
The fish is named in honor of ornamental fish importer-exporter Heinrich Espe, who furnished specimens to Meinken for identification.
# Glyphodes pandectalis

Glyphodes pandectalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1895. It is found on Sumatra.
# Praonethomimus

Praonethomimus tuberosithorax is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Praonethomimus. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.
It is 6⅓–9 mm long and 2⅓–3 mm wide, and its type locality is "Pyonchaung Res., N. Toungoo", Myanmar.
# Favored placement

Favored placement (also known as preferred placement) is the practice of preferentially listing search engine results for given sites. It is also known as pay for placement, but this term usually refers to advertisements that appear along with relevant search results while favored placement affects the order of actual search results.
One of the earliest companies to use favored placement was Open Text Corporation for its Open Text Index search engine in 1996. However, the practice was met with complaints from consumers, and Open Text abandoned the idea within a few weeks.
In February 1998 GoTo.com, a project of Idealab, started using favored placement. The search engine ranked web sites depending on how much they are willing to pay to be listed at the top for a search term under a real-time competitive bidding process. Unlike Open Text, GoTo.com was more successful that after five months, more than a thousand sites were paying for favored placement. Yahoo! acquired GoTo.com (which was renamed Overture Services, Inc. at the time) and the service became Yahoo! Search Marketing.
As part of the Google-AOL deal in 2005, Google agreed to give favored placement to content from AOL throughout its site.
Benjamin Edelman, an assistant professor at Harvard Business School, claims that Google has "hard-coded" bias in the algorithm it employs to generate its OneBox results which are shown usually at the top when a query can be answered quickly or a direct link can be given. Edelman, states that in such cases, Google services such as Google Finance receive preferential listing over more popular finance sites such as Yahoo! Finance. However, Barry Schwartz, CEO of RustyBrick, points out that OneBox results are not organic and therefore should not been viewed as algorithmic.
# Karoline Leach

Karoline Leach (born 20 July 1967) is a British playwright and author, best known for her book In the Shadow of the Dreamchild (ISBN 0-7206-1044-3), which re-examines the life of Lewis Carroll (pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. This book and her subsequent work on what she terms the "Carroll Myth" have been major sources of upheaval and controversy in recent years and she has produced very polarized responses from Carroll scholars and lay enthusiasts.
Leach was born in Liverpool. She studied acting and worked as both actress and director in British theatre before becoming a writer.

## Theatre work

Her first professional produced work as a writer was an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Snow Queen, commissioned by Orchard Theatre Company in 1989. "The Mysterious Mr Love" was produced in London's West End in 1997. Under the new title of Tryst that play opened off-Broadway at the Promenade Theatre, on 6 April 2006, and has subsequently been produced in many cities around the world, including Athens, Warsaw, Houston, Los Angeles and Montreal.

## The Carroll controversy

Leach's theory of a "Carroll Myth" created a furore when first suggested, and continues to divide scholars, though has gained the support of authors such as Carolyn Siger. Authors including Morton N. Cohen and Martin Gardner downplayed or dismissed her importance. Cohen, who was also a Dodgson biographer, repudiated Leach's position as being simply a plea for the defence, and, in a 2003 article in the Times Literary Supplement, labelled Leach and her supporters as "revisionists" attempting to rewrite history.
In 2004, Leach founded the Association for New Lewis Carroll Studies, that aims to promote reassessment of Carroll's life in light of the alleged 'Myth'. Its membership, as of 2010, includes scholars such as Hugues Lebailly, Carolyn Sigler, Sherry L. Ackerman, John Tufail and Cristopher Hollingsworth.
# D'Anjou

The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European pear. The variety was originally named 'Nec Plus Meuris' in Europe and the name 'Anjou' or 'd'Anjou' was erroneously applied to the variety when introduced to America and England. It is thought to have originated in the mid-19th century, in Belgium or France.

## Cultivars

The two cultivars that comprise d'Anjou pears are the 'Green Anjou' pear and the 'Red Anjou' pear. The 'Green Anjou' pear has a pale green skin that does not change color as the pear ripens, unlike most other cultivars of green pears, which turn yellow as they ripen. The 'Red Anjou' pear originated as naturally occurring bud sport found on 'Green Anjou' trees. 'Red Anjou' pears are very similar to the original Anjou other than color.
The d'Anjou is considered a medium to large pear, typically around 270–285 grams, 85 mm in height, and 80 mm in diameter. It has a wide, globular base, short stem, and thin skin with many notable lenticels.

## Suggestions

Because this pear does not show ripeness by color, a 2015 Mercury News article recommends testing the top near the stem with a slight press of the thumb until it gives slightly. This is because the pear ripens from the inside out and the top is closest to the inside. It typically takes 3 to 5 days after purchase for the pear to ripen whereupon it may be refrigerated to slow (but not stop) the ripening, giving the consumer a couple more days to eat it. It can be used for baking or sliced in salads, and they are also good for poaching, roasting, grilling, or eating fresh.

## U.S. production

In the United States, the variety was recommended for general cultivation by the American Pomological Congress in 1852, and as of 2004 represented 34% of reported U.S. pear production, with Oregon the leading state.
# New Livingstone Stadium

New Livingstone Stadium was a proposed multi-purpose stadium in Livingstone, Zambia, that was in the planning stages until Zambia backed out of hosting the 2011 All-Africa Games in 2009. It would have been used mostly for football matches and would have hosted some events for the 2011 All-Africa Games. The stadium would have had a capacity of 50,000 people. It was to be built along with new stadiums in Ndola (New Ndola Stadium) and Lusaka (New Lusaka Stadium).
# Bethel Township, Posey County, Indiana

Bethel Township is one of ten townships in Posey County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 245.

## History

Bethel Township was organized in 1821. The township was named for P. C. Bethel, a pioneer settler.

## Adjacent Townships

* Indiana
** Posey County
*** Robb Township
** Gibson County
*** Wabash Township
* Illinois
** White County
*** Gray Township
*** Phillips Township

## Towns

* Griffin

## Unincorporated Places

* New Baltimore

## Education

It is within the Metropolitan School District of North Posey County, which operates North Posey High School.
# Joe Fogarty (hurler)

Joe Fogarty is an Irish hurler who plays club hurling for Moneygall and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

## Career

On 19 March 2023, he made his league debut for Tipperary in the fifth round of the 2023 National Hurling League, starting against Antrim, as Tipperary won by 4–28 to 2–17. On 28 May 2023, he made his championship debut as a late substitute against Waterford in round four of the Munster Senior Hurling Championship.

## Honours
### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Under-20 Hurling Championship (1): 2019
* Munster Under-20 Hurling Championship (1): 2019
# Glyphodes parallelalis

Glyphodes parallelalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1917 and it is native to Togo.
This species has a wingspan of 21 mm and its colouration is similar to Glyphodes xanthostola Hampson, 1910.
# Prasky

Prasky, sometimes spelled praski, is a type of coarse-ground summer sausage or salami related to a German Thuringer sausage, or Plockwurst (not to be confused with a Thuringer-style bratwurst). It is also very closely related to several Hungarian sausages, Czech-style Prague sausage (called pražská klobása), and numerous other eastern European "soft" salamis.
Prasky is found throughout the US Great Lakes region and is credited as being unique to Chicago. Prasky is typically sliced thinly and served on a sandwich using rye bread, Swiss cheese, pickles, and a spicy mustard.
# Rhizomelia

Rhizomelia refers to either a disproportion of the length of the proximal limb, such as the shortened limbs of achondroplasia, or some other disorder of the hip or shoulder.
According to Stedman's medical dictionary "rhizomelic" means "relating to hip or shoulder joints", while "micromelic" means "having disproportionately short or small limbs". Genetic skeletal dysplasias or Osteochondrodysplasia frequently lead to short stature, occasionally termed dwarfism, which is classified into proportionate and disproportionate short stature. Disproportionate short stature is further classified short-limb short stature and short-trunk short stature. In turn, short-limb short stature is classified into a) Rhizomelic, b) mesomelic and c) acromelic short stature. Rhizomelic short stature refers to skeletal dysplasias where the main shortening is due to involvement of the proximal limb segments i.e. femora and humeri. Typical examples of Rhizomelic short stature are achondroplasia and pseudoachondroplasia.
# Kasugayama

Kasugayama may refer to:
* Kasugayama stable, defunct stable of sumo wrestlers
* Kasugayama Station, railway station in Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan
* Kasugayama Castle, Japanese castle that stood in what is now Jōetsu, Niigata
* Kasugayama Primeval Forest, primeval forest near the Kasuga Grand Shrine in Nara, Japan