OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of things named after René Descartes

This is the list of things named after René Descartes (1596–1650), a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.

## Computer science

* Cartesian genetic programming
* Cartesian tree

## Mathematics

* Cartesian closed category
* Cartesian geometry
** Cartesian coordinate system
** Cartesian equations
** Cartesian plane
** Cartesian tensor
* Cartesian monoid
* Cartesian monoidal category
** Cartesian closed category
* Cartesian oval
* Cartesian product
* Cartesian product of graphs
* Cartesian square
** Cartesian morphisms
* Descartes number
* Descartes' rule of signs
* Descartes snark
* Descartes' theorem
* Descartes' theorem on total angular defect
* Folium of Descartes

## Physics

* Cartesian diver
* Cartesian vortex theory
* Snell–Descartes law

## Philosophy

* Cartesian anxiety
* Cartesian circle
* Cartesian doubt
* Cartesian dualism
* Cartesian materialism
* Cartesian other
* Cartesian theater
* Cartesian Method
* Descartes' demon

## Robotics

* Cartesian coordinate robot
* Cartesian parallel manipulators

## Other

* Blanche Descartes
* Cartesian linguistics
* Cartesian Meditations
* Cartesian Reflections
* Descartes (crater)
* Descartes-class cruiser
* Descartes' Error
* Descartes-Huygens Prize
* Descartes Island (Antarctica)
* Descartes on Polyhedra
* Descartes Prize
* Lycée René Descartes (Champs-sur-Marne)
# List of things named after Richard Dedekind

This is a list of things named after Richard Dedekind. Richard Dedekind (1831–1916), a mathematician, is the eponym of all of the things (and topics) listed below.
* 19293 Dedekind
* Cantor–Dedekind axiom
* Dedekind completeness
* Dedekind cut
* Dedekind discriminant theorem
* Dedekind domain
* Dedekind eta function
* Dedekind function
* Dedekind group
* Dedekind number
** Dedekind's problem
* Dedekind–Peano axioms
* Dedekind psi function
* Dedekind ring
* Dedekind sum
* Dedekind valuation
* Dedekind zeta function
* Dedekind–Hasse norm
* Dedekind-infinite set
* Dedekind–MacNeille completion
* Dedekind's axiom
* Dedekind's complementary module
* Dedekind lattice
* Jordan–Dedekind lattice
* Dedekind's theorem on ellipsoids of equilibrium
# LGI1

Leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1, also known as LGI1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LGI1 gene. It may be a metastasis suppressor.

## Function

The leucine-rich glioma inactivated -1 gene is rearranged as a result of translocations in glioblastoma cell lines. The protein contains a hydrophobic segment representing a putative transmembrane domain with the amino terminus located outside the cell. It also contains leucine-rich repeats with conserved cysteine-rich flanking sequences. This gene is predominantly expressed in neural tissues and its expression is reduced in low grade brain tumors and significantly reduced or absent in malignant gliomas.

## Clinical significance

Since its earliest discovery, the LGI1 gene has been implicated in the control of cancer metastasis and in a predisposition to epilepsy. Following genetic linkage studies placing the hereditary form of autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF) on chromosome region 10q24 mutation analysis of affected members in these families demonstrated LGI1 was a major cause of the disease.
More recently, LGI1 has been shown to be the major target of human autoantibodies which immunoprecipitate voltage-gated potassium channel complexes from mammalian brain tissue. LGI1 antibodies are found in patients with limbic encephalitis and in patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). FBDS are a recently described form of epilepsy which is characterized by frequent, brief seizures which affect the arm and face. They appear to be preferentially responsive to immunotherapy over anti-epileptic drugs.

## Interactions

LGI1 has been shown to interact with ADAM22, and DLG4.
# LGFL

LGFL may mean:
* Lancashire Grid for Learning
* Legal & General Franchising Ltd, a subsidiary of Legal & General
* London Grid for Learning
# Paul Harrison Taylor

Paul Harrison Taylor (born July 12, 1957, in London, England) is a sculptor of English and Israeli nationalities.
He worked as a recording engineer and producer at Decca Studios in West Hampstead, London, before finishing his studies at the City and Guilds of London art school in 1984. During his tenure in the record industry he met musicians such as Georg Solti and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Moody Blues, Pink Floyd, Bing Crosby and the Goons, and was able to use his art skills creating album covers.
Taylor married an Israeli woman and moved to Jerusalem. He quickly found a studio and continued to make sculpture. Taylor was soon offered a teaching post and began a high school sculpture course in Jerusalem, introducing the varied elements of sculpture to the youth of the city, as well as taking on an additional teaching position at the Israel Museum. He continues to practice and teach stone carving, clay, and steel construction.
He won an award from Foundation Yad Yosef, Ramat-Gan, in 1990. He has exhibited his work around the globe, especially in Israel, Britain, and the United States.
# Didier Ekanza Simba

Didier Ekanza Simba (born 9 August 1969) is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was a squad member at the 1992, 1994 and 1998 Africa Cup of Nations.
# List of villages in Mahnar block

This is a list of villages in Mahnar block, Vaishali district, Bihar state, India.
| STCode | DTCode | SubdtCode | VillCode | Villname |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0000 | Mahnar |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0001 | Baharpur Bishunpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0002 | Hasanpur Basahi |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0003 | Chamrahra |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0004 | Chak Hafiz Urf Milki Chak |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0005 | Hasanpur Urf Kaila |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0006 | Naurangpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0007 | Thanpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0008 | Parmanandpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0009 | Jalalpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0010 | Mohammadpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0011 | Bishunpur Ghausi |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0012 | Bharhan |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0013 | Manik Patti |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0014 | Derhpura |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0015 | Jaoj |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0016 | Mahindwara |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0017 | Chak Hardi |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0018 | Lodipur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0019 | Lodipur Milik |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0020 | Rupsipur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0021 | Makunpur Urf Makundpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0022 | Panapur Derh Bigahia |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0023 | Hargobindpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0024 | Shaikhpura |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0025 | Karnauti |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0026 | Sangrampur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0027 | Rupnarayanpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0028 | Rupnarayanpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0029 | Sarmastpur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0030 | Simra Urf Simra Chak Fatma |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0031 | Bazidpur Chak Usman |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0032 | Basdeopur |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0033 | Lodipur Phatikwara |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0034 | Fatikwara |
| 10 | 18 | 016 | 0035 | Harpur Fatikwara |
# Paul Wedgwood

Paul Wedgwood (born June 1970) is one of three founders of video game developer Splash Damage and was the CEO of the company until end of 2018.

## Career

Paul Wedgwood was born in June 1970. Wedgwood started his career in the early 1990s as a network engineer attending major clients such as the Home Office and 10 Downing Street. However he first joined the games industry in 1999 when he became infrastructure manager for BarrysWorld a multiplayer gaming website and ISP. During this time he spent much of his time working as a presenter and commentator on a videogame TV show broadcasting to Australasia, called Lock 'n Load.
Alongside Barrysworld, Wedgwood worked as part of an amateur development team under his online alias 'Locki' on a modification of the game Quake III Arena entitled Q3F. A number of these core members later went on to form the video game developer Splash Damage in May 2001.

### Splash Damage

After founding Splash Damage, Wedgwood was credited on a number of games including Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Doom 3, Quake Wars and Brink.
In July 2016, the sale of Splash Damage to Leyou was announced, for up to $150 million by Wedgwood, its sole owner, co-founder and chief executive.
By then end of 2018, he officially stepped down as CEO of Splash Damage. Richard Jolly was appointed as the new CEO.

### Supernova Capital

Later in 2018, Wedgwood and other former Splash Damage members formed Supernova Capital, an investment firm. Supernova made its first acquisition in March 2019 with the studio Flying Wild Hog.
In November 2020, Supernova sold Flying Wild Hog to Swedish gaming holding company Embracer Group (through its subsidiary Koch Media GmbH) for $137million.
# Paul Weber (academic)

Paul Weber (February 27, 1904 – June 1983) was the interim president of the Georgia Institute of Technology from previous president Blake Ragsdale Van Leer's death until a replacement was found in Edwin D. Harrison, a period of approximately 18 months.

## Career

Weber initially joined Georgia Tech as a chemical engineering instructor in 1927, and over time became the head of the department. He temporarily left Georgia Tech to finish his education and in 1934 received a doctorate in chemistry from Purdue University. He was also involved in research through the Georgia Tech Research Institute, then known as the Engineering Experiment Station; his research from 1940 to 1952 focused on paint primers for Southern yellow pine.
In 1955 he was Dean of Faculties; and after an intensive reorganization of the institute administration, he was named vice president for planning in 1965.
After Georgia Tech president Blake Van Leer died in office, Weber was acting president from January 1956 to August 1957, while still holding the title of Dean of Faculties. After the selection of a replacement in 1957, he remained a Georgia Tech administrator and would be named vice president for Planning in 1966.
After his retirement in 1969, Dr. Weber was named Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering and Emeritus Vice President for Planning.
# List of storms named Lex

The name Lex was used for three tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean:
* Typhoon Lex (1980) – a typhoon that passed east of Japan.
* Tropical Storm Lex (1983) – a tropical storm that struck Vietnam, killing 200 people.
* Tropical Storm Lex (1986) – a tropical storm that passed through the Marianas Islands.
# List of storms named Lin

The name Lin has been used for two tropical cyclones in the South Pacific region of the Southern Hemisphere:
* Cyclone Lin (1993) – a tropical cyclone in the South Pacific.
* Cyclone Lin (2009) – a tropical cyclone that passed near Tonga.
# List of storms named Linfa

The name Linfa has been used to name four tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name refers to the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and was submitted by Macao.
* Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (2003) (T0304, 05W, Chedeng) – struck Japan.
* Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (2009) (T0903, 03W) – made landfall in Fujian.
* Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (2015) (T1510, 10W, Egay) – caused severe flooding throughout most of the Philippines.
* Tropical Storm Linfa (2020) (T2015, 17W) - contributed to a series of devastating floods in Vietnam, killing over 120 people.
After the 2020 storm, the name Linfa was announced to be retired and will no longer be used, It was later replaced with Peilou, which means spoonbill in Macao.
# Diego Carpitella

Music of Italy :
Timeline :
General topics :
Opera houses
Music conservatories
Terminology :
Genres :
Classical (Opera)
Pop
Rock (Hardcore · New Wave · Progressive rock)
Disco
House
Dance
Folk
Hip hop
Jazz :
Specific forms :
Gregorian chant :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
vte :
Diego Carpitella (Reggio di Calabria, 12 June 1924 – Rome, 7 August 1990) was an Italian professor of ethnomusicology at D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara and La Sapienza University in Rome. He is considered one of the greatest scholars of Italian folk music and has written and published many essays on the subject. He collaborated with the Centro Nazionale Studi di Musica Popolare from 1952 to 1958, collecting more than 5,000 Italian folk songs. He was also the founding editor of the journal Culture musicali and a co-founder of the cultural magazine Marcatre.
# La Belle Station

13°06′49″S 130°29′37″E﻿ / ﻿13.11372°S 130.49363°E﻿ / -13.11372; 130.49363﻿ (La Belle)
La Belle Station, also known as Labelle Downs, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia.
The property is situated approximately 59 kilometres (37 mi) west of Batchelor and 85 kilometres (53 mi) south of Darwin. La Belle shares its eastern boundary with Litchfield National Park, Litchfield Station is to the south, the Delissaville-Wagait-Larrakia Aboriginal Land Trust is to the north, and the Timor Sea is to the west.
The property is composed of many land types. About one third is red dirt and sandy forest, of which about half has been cleared with some being converted to humidicola pasture. The remainder is highly productive marine floodplain covered in native wetland grasses such as hymenachne, rice grass, marine couch and cane grass, along with introduced grasses. Divided into 34 paddocks, it has an estimated carrying capacity of 14,000 head of cattle.
Originally a part of neighbouring Stapleton Station, La Belle was taken up by the Townsend family in 1962. In 2001, the 610-square-kilometre (236 sq mi) property was placed on the market by the Townsend family partnership. It was stocked with 10,500 head of Brahman cattle.
La Belle, along with Welltree Station, was sold by Peter Camm in 2008 for A$72 million, during a land boom.
R. M. Williams Agricultural Holdings acquired the property, which it held until 2013 when the company went into receivership. Both La Belle and Welltree were then sold to the Australian Agricultural Company for A$27.1 million.
# Paul Ch'eng Shih-kuang

Paul Ch'eng Shih-kuang (Chinese: 成世光; pinyin: Chéng Shìguāng; 15 September 1915 – 23 August 2012) was a Taiwanese prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
Shih-kuang was born in Hsiao-Yi, Taiwan in the fall of 1915 and was ordained a priest 29 June 1943. Shih-kuang was appointed an Auxiliary Bishop for the Taipei Archdiocese on 3 May 1960 as well as Titular Bishop of Uccula and ordained bishop on 25 July 1960. He was appointed bishop of Diocese of Tainan on 7 June 1966 and remained in the position until his retirement 3 December 1990.
# Diego Medina

Diego Medina may refer to:
* Diego Medina (footballer, born 1991), Argentine football forward for Estudiantes SL
* Diego Medina (footballer, born 2001), Mexican football winger for Santos Laguna
* Diego Medina (footballer, born 2002), Bolivian football centre-back for Always Ready
# Paul Gauthier

Paul Gauthier is the name of:
* Paul Gauthier (theologian) (1914–2002), French theologian and humanist
* Paul Gauthier (ice hockey) (1915–1984), ice hockey player
* Paul Gauthier (politician) (1901–1957), Canadian politician
* Paul Gauthier (Inktomi), co-founder of Inktomi Corporation
* Paul Gauthier (boccia), Canadian boccia player
# Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a 20-carbon ω−6 fatty acid (also called, cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid). In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3 (ω−6). DGLA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the sixth carbon from the omega end. DGLA is the elongation product of γ-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, ω−6). GLA, in turn, is a desaturation product (Delta 6 desaturase) of linoleic acid (18:2, ω−6). DGLA is made in the body by the elongation of GLA, by an efficient enzyme which does not appear to suffer any form of (dietary) inhibition. DGLA is an extremely uncommon fatty acid, found only in trace amounts in animal products.

## Biological effects

The eicosanoid metabolites of DGLA are:
* Series-1 thromboxanes (thromboxanes with 1 double-bond), via the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways.
* Series-1 prostanoids, via the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways.
* A 15-hydroxyl derivative that blocks the transformation of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
All of these effects are anti-inflammatory. This is in marked contrast with the analogous metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), which are the series-2 thromboxanes and prostanoids and the series-4 leukotrienes. In addition to yielding anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, DGLA competes with AA for COX and lipoxygenase, inhibiting the production of AA's eicosanoids.
Taken orally in a small study, DGLA produced antithrombotic effects. Supplementing dietary GLA increases serum DGLA, as well as serum AA levels. Cosupplementation with GLA and EPA lowers serum AA levels by blocking Δ-5-desaturase activity, while also lowering leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils.
# Dick Swanson

Dick L. Swanson is an American photographer renowned for his work, particularly as a war photographer with numerous published photographs in the United States.

## Biography
### Early life

Dick Swanson was born in 1934 and raised in Illinois. He worked at newspapers owned by his uncle and later became a staff photographer at the News-Gazette in Champaign, Illinois while studying at the University of Illinois.
Life magazine first published one of his photos, a Miscellany called A Bubble that has Ears, in 1957. Swanson temporarily gave up photography to become a commercial pilot. Following college, he worked for The Des Moines Register and the Davenport Democrat and he later signed a contract with New York's Black Star. Swanson worked for the Des Moines Register, where he shot "Man Alone", a photograph of a firefighter on a ladder engulfed in flames, which was recognized by the 1963 Pulitzer jury as "good on-the-spot work".

### Vietnam

In 1966, Swanson went on assignment for Life to Vietnam, where he met his future wife, Germaine Loc; they married in 1969 in Vietnam and moved to the US in 1971. For his work in Vietnam, he was recognized as among the top military photographers by the project "A Day in the Life of the United States Armed Forces." Eventually Swanson became a White House photographer for Life until the magazine ended publication in 1972. Swanson stayed at the White House bureau and worked for such magazines as Fortune, People, and Time.

### Later life

In April 1975, Swanson returned to Vietnam to bring his wife's family to the United States during the fall of Saigon. He took time off from photography in the late 1970s to help his wife open a Washington DC restaurant which was popular in 1979.
Around 1980, Swanson began working for National Geographic, Newsweek and The Washington Post as a freelance photographer. Currently he uses Final Cut Pro for all his work and is a producer of films for the Video Action Fund.

## Awards

During Swanson's career he received awards from such companies as World Press and NPPA. His work was added to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art and he contributed to the Corcoran Gallery of Art's exhibition entitled "The Indelible Image" in 1986. Some of his work is in a collection at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. That collection contains over 3,000 photographs and negatives shot from 1959 - 1994. His work is also in the LIFE Image Collection owned by Getty Images.
# Pawnee Killer

Pawnee Killer (born c. 1826) was a leader of the Oglala. He also led a band of mixed Sioux-Cheyenne Dog Soldiers during the US war against the Plains Indians.
His name was derived from his exploits against the Pawnee, the traditional enemies of the Oglala and allies of the US government.
After the U.S. Army committed the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, Pawnee Killer participated in the retaliatory attack on Julesburg in Colorado in early 1865 and the Fetterman Fight in Wyoming during Red Cloud's War. He also fought in the so-called Kidder fight in Kansas in 1867 and possibly the Battle of Beecher Island in 1868.
After the end of the American-Sioux wars, he settled with his family at the Pine Ridge Reservation of the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. Little is known of his later life although he is listed on the reservation's census records, as a head of household, until June 1895.
# Diiodophenylpyruvate reductase

In enzymology, a diiodophenylpyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.96) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate and NAD$^+$, whereas its 3 products are 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, NADH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD$^+$ or NADP$^+$ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate:NAD$^+$ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include aromatic alpha-keto acid, KAR, and 2-oxo acid reductase.
# Paul Scully (Australian politician)

Paul Scully is an Australian politician who has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 12 November 2016, representing the seat of Wollongong for the Labor Party, since the by-election to replace Noreen Hay. He is currently the Minister for Planning and Public Spaces from April 2023.
Before his election, Scully was chief operating officer of the Australian Institute for Innovative Materials at the University of Wollongong. He is married to Alison Byrnes, the member for Cunningham since the 2022 federal election.
# Pax Julia

Pax Iulia (also known as Colonia Civitas Pacensis) or later Pax Augusta was a city in the Roman province of Lusitania (today situated in the Portuguese municipality of Beja).

## History

The region was inhabited during 400 BC by Celtic tribes, but there are indications that Carthaginian settlers occupied the territory, from the writings of 2nd century scholars Polybius and Claudius Ptolemy..
In 48 BC, it was renamed Pax Iulia (referring to the "peace of the gens Julia") by Julius Caesar following the peace between Rome and the Lusitani. The settlement became the centre of the conventus iuridicus Pacensis, (in the Roman province of Lusitania), since it was located on a strategic roadway junction with connection Myrtilis Iulia (a harbor city along the Guadiana river).
Sometime between 31 and 27 BC, during the reign of the emperor Augustus, the city was granted the status of municipium following the Battle of Actium, and the colonists ascribed to the gens Galeria. It was at this time that a new designation began to appear: Pax Augusta (referring to the peace of Augustus) as mentioned by Strabo.

### 20th century

Archaeological excavations during the 20th century uncovered the remains of a large Roman temple, 30 by 19.4 metres (98 ft × 64 ft), dating to the first century AD located within the settlement's forum, with several inscriptions, Roman arches, fortifications and an aqueduct. Possible locations for the theater and amphitheater were deduced from the urban layout.
* Roman arch from Beja
* Roman oil lamps; Rainha D. Leonor Museum
* Terra sigillata (ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat); Rainha D. Leonor Museum
* Roman dam, Cuba Municipality, Beja
* Roman Ruins of São Cucufate, municipality of Vidigueira
# Pedal Pusher

Pedal Pusher is a play written by the English director and playwright, Roland Smith. Pedal Pusher revolves around the Tour de France in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It was developed from dialogue gleaned from interviews, biographies and archive footage. It premiered at London's Cavendish Gate Theatre in July 2009, starring Tom Daplyn, Josh Cass, Alexander Guiney and Graham O'Mara, directed by Roland Smith and produced by Theatre Delicatessen.

## Plot

Pedal Pusher begins with Marco Pantani lying dead in a hotel room. The play goes on to describe a detailed account of the great rivalry, and achievements, of the three cycling legends – Armstrong, Ullrich and Pantani – and each of their individual struggles – Pantani's horrific 1995 crash and struggle with drugs, Ullrich's depression and subsequent drug allegations and Armstrong's fight against cancer.