OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Functional spinal unit

A functional spinal unit (FSU), or motion segment, is the smallest physiological motion unit of the spine to exhibit biomechanical characteristics similar to those of the entire spine.
A FSU consists of two adjacent vertebrae, the intervertebral disc and all adjoining ligaments between them and excludes other connecting tissues such as muscles. The three-joint complex that results is sometimes referred to as the "articular triad".
In vitro studies of isolated or multiple FSU's are often used to measure biomechanical properties of the spine. The typical load-displacement behavior of a cadaveric FSU specimen is nonlinear. Within the total range of passive motion of any FSU, the typical load-displacement curve consists of 2 regions or 'zones' that exhibit very different biomechanical behavior. In the vicinity of the resting neutral position of the FSU, this load-displacement behavior is highly flexible. This is the region known as the 'neutral zone', which is the motion region of the joint where the passive osteoligamentous stability mechanisms exert little or no influence. During passive physiological movement of the FSU, motion occurs in this region against minimal internal resistance. It is a region in which a small load causes a relatively large displacement. The 'elastic zone' is the remaining region of FSU motion that continues from the end of the neutral zone to the point of maximum resistance (provided by the passive osteoligamentous stability mechanism), thus limiting the range of motion.
# Schauspielschule Bochum

Schauspielschule Bochum is the informal name of a drama school in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, which is now part of the Folkwang University of the Arts. It has a long tradition, being founded in 1939 as Westfälische Schauspielschule Bochum.

## History

The drama school was founded in 1939 as the Westfälische Schauspielschule Bochum by Saladin Schmitt, then intendant of the Schauspielhaus Bochum. It was originally a municipal school. Up to the 1970s, the intendant was also the artistic director of the drama school. In 2000, it became a state school of North Rhine-Westphalia and a Bochum location of the Folkwang-Hochschule.
In 2014, the main location of the drama school changed to the new Folkwang-Theaterzentrum (Folkwang theatre centre) in Wiemelhausen, close to the centre of Bochum. It has two stages, the Großer Saal and the Black Box (in the former Thürmer-Saal), as well as classrooms and rehearsal and meeting rooms. Now part of the Folkwang University of the Arts, the drama school is a member of the Ständige Konferenz Schauspielausbildung.

## Studies

The curriculum is planned for eight semesters, four of them for fundamental training of voice, speech, and body movement. Students take part in a production of Schauspielhaus Bochum during their third year in order to achieve insight into theatre practise. During the last semester, students are offered practical work at various German-speaking theatres. They also receive courses in acting in front of a camera, in collaboration with the broadcaster Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln. The second-year students give a performance in the summer at Haus Weitmar. Traditionally, a play or scenes by Shakespeare are presented.

## Alumni

* Dietmar Bär
* Henning Baum
* Natja Brunckhorst
* Lambert Hamel
* Fabian Hinrichs
* Rolf Kanies
* Michael Kessler
* Ignaz Kirchner
* Peter Lohmeyer
* Krystian Martinek
* Tessa Mittelstaedt
* Richy Müller
* Uwe Ochsenknecht
* Nina Petri
* Andreas Pietschmann
* Christian Quadflieg
* Roland Reber
* Christian Redl
* Walter Renneisen
* Ralf Richter
* Esther Schweins
* Martin Wuttke
* Manfred Zapatka
* Daniela Ziegler
# Ksawerów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Ksawerów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Działoszyce, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Działoszyce, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Pińczów, and 58 km (36 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Kédougou Department

Kédougou Department is one of the 45 departments of Senegal, located in the Kédougou Region, formerly part of the Tambacounda Region.
The chief settlement and only commune is Kédougou.
The rural districts (Communautés rurales) comprise:
* Arrondissement of Bandafassi:
** Ninéfécha
** Bandafassi [fr]
** Tomboroncoto [fr]
** Dindefelo [fr]
* Arrondissement of Fongolimbi:
** Fongolimbi [fr]
** Dimboli [fr]

## Historic sites

* Dindefelo Falls, natural site
* Site of Iwol at Bandafassi, up the mountain, the "Place of silence"
* Bassari Country
# Ohashi Kannon-ji

Ohashi Kannon-ji (御橋観音寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon-shū Chizan-ha in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan. Its honorary sangō prefix is Sekkyōzan (石橋山).
According to the temple story, Ohashi Kannon-ji was founded in the early 8th century by Gyōki, who traveled around Japan to preach to commoners.
The temple precincts are a natural stone bridge made by erosion of tertiary sandstone with two lines. It is one of the Hirado Hakkei (平戸八景) eight landscapes within the former territory of Hirado Domain.
# Mimi Zeiger

Mimi Zeiger is a Los Angeles–based architecture and design critic, educator, and curator. She is the author of New Museums: Contemporary Museum Architecture Around the World (2005), Tiny Houses (Random House, 2009), Micro Green: Tiny Houses in Nature (Rizzoli, 2011), and Tiny Houses in the City (Rizzoli, 2016). Zeiger was co-curator (with Ann Lui and Niall Atkinson) of the United States pavilion of the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennnale and editor of the accompanying catalogue Dimensions of Citizenship: Architecture and Belonging from the Body to the Cosmos (Inventory Press, 2018). Her writing about architecture, art, design, and urbanism has appeared in the New York Times, Metropolis, Dwell, Domus, Dezeen, and Architectural Review. She is a graduate of SCI-Arc (MA) and earned her Bachelor of Architecture degree from Cornell University. Zeiger teaches in the Media Design Practices MFA program of the Art Center College of Design and is visiting faculty at the Southern California Institute of Architecture.
# Stikine Sound

Stikine Sound is a body of water in the U.S. state of Alaska, 12 miles (19 km) north of Wrangell. It was named by Mikhail Tebenkov. It forms where the Stikine River finally reaches salt walter. The delta of the river is the silted-up inland extension of this channel. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) wide and about 20 miles (32 km) in length, with a large number of islands near its eastern end, and lying directly off the flats of the Stikine River.
This arm of the sea is outlined by promontories of the mainland and by several islands. Several anchorages are found in this sound. Ten fathoms is laid down on the east side of the southeast point of the large island, lying about 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest by west from Point Highfield. On the northwest side of Vauk's Island, 2–3 miles (3.2–4.8 km) in extent, and lying 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Point Highfield, anchorage is noted. South of Vauk’s Island lie two islets off 'the mouth of Bath Harbor, lying 8 miles (13 km) west by south half south from Point Highfield. At the northwest point of Zarembo Island is a number of islets, and on the east side of them there is anchorage in eighteen fathoms.
# Feehery

Feehery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brandon Feehery (born 1992), American riding cyclist
* Gerald Feehery (born 1960), American football player
* John Feehery (born 1963), American political communications strategist
# Coast Peoples' Party

The Coast People's Party (Spanish: Partido de los Pueblos Costeños - PPC) is a minor regional Nicaraguan political party founded in 1997. As part of the Coast Alliance the Coast Peoples' Party holds opposing views to the Constitutionalist Liberal Party, also known as PLC, Partido Liberal Constitucionalista which is a large party political party in Nicaragua.
The PPC ran in the 1998 Atlantic Coast Regional Elections, as a member of the Coast Alliance coalition who won 2 seats (out of 45) in the RAAS Regional Council. These elections are held every four years.
As an Atlantic coastal party in an autonomous region of Nicaragua the Coast Peoples' Party is protected under the 7th article in second chapter of the Constitution of Nicaragua This means that citizens living in autonomous regions of the Atlantic Coast have the freedom to live under their own forms of social organization that are similar to that of their ancestors. Under the Constitution of Nicaragua the government made an autonomous system for ethnic groups inhabiting the coastal region. The National Assembly (Nicaragua) approved a State of Autonomy which lets these ethnic groups easily exersize their rights as citizens such as voting, also allowing them to form their own political parties such as the Coast Peoples' Party.
# Fuoss

Fuoss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Donald E. Fuoss (1923–2014), American basketball and football coach
* Paul Fuoss, American physicist
* Raymond Fuoss (1905–1987), American chemist
* Duane A Fuoss (1974- )
American musician Mount Pleasant PA.
# D35

D35 may refer to:

## Vehicles
### Aircraft

* Beechcraft D35, an American single-engine aircraft
* Dewoitine D.35, a French single-engine passenger aircraft

### Automobiles

* New Flyer D35, a high-floor transit bus

### Rail transport

* BHP Port Kembla D35 class, a class of diesel locomotives
* LNER Class D35, a class of British steam locomotives

### Ships

* HMS Diamond (D35), a Daring-class destroyer of the Royal Navy
* HMS Dragon (D35), a Type 45 destroyer of the Royal Navy
* HMS Wrestler (D35), a V and W-class destroyer of the Royal Navy

## Other uses

* D35 motorway (Czech Republic)
* D35 road (Croatia)
* Queen's Gambit Declined, a chess opening
* Martin D35 Dreadnought Acoustic Guitar
# Georgetown (mixtape)

Georgetown is a mixtape by American rapper Fat Trel. It was released on June 9, 2015, through Maybach Music Group and Slutty Boyz, and also released for digital download on LiveMixtapes for free. The mixtape features guest appearances from Wale, Rick Ross, Troy Ave, Boosa Da Shoota, Fetty Wap, and J Beale, while production on the mixtape was handled by Beat Billionaire, Cool & Dre, Young Chop, David D.A. Doman, K.E. on the Track, and Yung Lan, among others.
Georgetown serves as a follow-up to his previous 2014 mixtape Gleesh (2014). As of 2023, the mixtape was later re-released as a commercial mixtape exclusively on the streaming platforms (such as Apple Music, Spotify, Tidal, and Amazon Music) in its entirety.
# Kun Yang

Kun Yang (Chinese: 杨昆; born 1967), is a Chinese physicist.
He received a bachelor of science from Fudan University in 1989. In 1994 he got his Ph.D. in the condensed matter theory from the Indiana University Bloomington. From 1994 to 1997, he worked as a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University and from 1997 to 1999, he was the Sherman Fairchild's senior research fellow at California Institute of Technology. He joined the faculty of Florida State University in 1999 and since then dedicated his life to study unconventional superconductors and quantum magnetism. Currently he is a professor at the Florida State University and is an author of over 80 peer-reviewed articles.
# Hembrow

Hembrow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Hembrow, Dutch cycling advocate
* David Hembrow (swimmer) (born 1947), British swimmer
* Mark Hembrow (born 1955), Australian actor
# Federation of Free African Trade Unions of South Africa

The Federation of Free African Trade Unions of South Africa (FOFATUSA) was a national trade union federation for unions representing black workers in South Africa.

## History

Unions representing black workers were not permitted to affiliate to the Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA), as in order to register with the Government of South Africa, it only admitted unions representing white and "coloured" workers. While many unions of black workers joined the left-wing South African Congress of Trade Unions, five more right-wing unions remained informally linked with TUCSA affiliates. Late in 1959, they decided to form their own federation, FOFATUSA.
FOFATUSA was linked with the Pan-African Congress, and also affiliated to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, which funded many of its activities. Lucy Mvubelo was appointed as its president, while Jacob Nyaose became its general secretary, and Sarah Chitja was national secretary.
While the federation aimed to expand its activities, this did not occur. By 1962, its fifteen affiliates had a total of only 17,280 members. That year, TUCSA permitted unions of black workers to affiliate, and FOFATUSA declined. It was dissolved in 1966, with its remaining affiliates transferring to TUCSA.

## Affiliates

In 1962, the federation had the following affiliates:
| Union | Membership (1962) |
| African Bakers' Industrial Union | 3,000 |
| African Broom and Brush Workers' Union | 500 |
| African Motor Industry Union | 200 |
| African Railway Workers' Union | 530 |
| African Sheet Workers' Union | 400 |
| African Tobacco Workers' Union | 4,000 |
| Garment Workers' Union of African Women | 6,740 |
| General Workers' Union (Durban) | 153 |
| General Workers' Union (Johannesburg) | 300 |
| General Workers' Union (Pretoria) | 150 |
| Match and Allied Workers' Union | 113 |
| Quarry and Slate Workers' Union | 247 |
| Salt and Allied Workers' Union | 150 |
| Soap, Candle and Edible Oils Union | 300 |
# Coba Coba Remixed

Coba Coba Remixed is the first remix album of Novalima's original album, Coba Coba, both under the U.S. independent record label, Cumbancha. It was released on June 16, 2009, and features electronic-influenced remixes of songs from Coba Coba.

## Reception

The album was generally well received, with Johnathan Rothman (of Exclaim!) praising its "musical blend of Afro-Peruvian call-and-response traditions with dub, house, salsa, breaks and whatever else they like." Based on customer reviews, the album holds a rating of 4 out of 5 stars on Amazon
# Sainsbury Research Unit

The Sainsbury Research Unit is a research department at the University of East Anglia, in the UK.

## History

The Sainsbury Research Unit (SRU) had its origins in 1984, when Sir Robert Sainsbury and Lady Lisa Sainsbury had the idea of creating a department in the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts to be an academic complement to the African, Oceanic and American material in their collection.
The SRU began operations in 1988 with two faculty, two library/support staff and three MA students. By 2011 there were six faculty, six library/support staff, eight MAs, fifteen research students, visiting fellows, research associates and many dozens of alumni contributing to its fields of study.
The SRU hosts symposia, workshops and research projects and has a dedicated library also housed in the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts.

## Postgraduate courses

* MA in the Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas
* Doctoral Research
# Kenjiro Hiraki

Kenjiro Hiraki (開 健次郎, Hiraki Kenjirō, born 17 February 1940) is a Japanese wrestler. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Schmalenbach

Schmalenbach may refer to:
* Eugen Schmalenbach (1873 – 1955), German academic and economist
* Herman Schmalenbach (1885 – 1950), German philosopher
* Schmalenbach (Löhbach), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Schmalenbach, a district of the town Halver in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
# Kun Zhou

Kun Zhou (Chinese: 周昆), an engineer from the Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to shape modeling and GPU computing.
# Oh My Ghost? (Watashi ga Akuryō ni Natte mo)

"Oh My Ghost? (Watashi ga Akuryō ni Natte mo)" (オーマイゴースト? ～わたしが悪霊になっても～, "Oh My Ghost? (Even If I Turn into an Evil Spirit)") is the fourth single by the Japanese girl idol group Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku (or fifth counting one cover single), released in Japan on July 27, 2011 on the indie label Stardust Ongaku Shuppan.

## History

The single debuted at the 12th position in the Oricon Daily Singles Chart. In the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, it peaked at number 59.

## Members

Mizuki, Reina Miyazaki, Rika Mayama, Natsu Anno, Ayaka Yasumoto, Aika Hirota, Mirei Hoshina, Hirono Suzuki, Rina Matsuno, Hinata Kashiwagi

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Oricon Daily Singles Chart | 12 |
| Oricon Weekly Singles Chart | 59 |
| Billboard Japan Hot Singles Sales | 47 |
| Billboard Japan Top Independent Albums and Singles | 10 |
# Mini 12

Mini 12 may refer to:
* 2.4 Metre (keelboat), an open class single-handed yacht
* Illusion (keelboat), a one-design single-handed yacht
* Inspiron Mini 12, one of the Dell Inspiron Mini series of netbook computers
# List of public art in Shanghai

Public art displayed in Shanghai includes:
| Image | Title / subject | Location and coordinates | Date | Artist / designer | Type |
| More images | Bund Bull | The Bund | 2010 | Arturo Di Modica | Statue |
| More images | Statue of Charlie Chaplin | New Town Central Park | | | Statue |
| More images | Statue of Chen Yi | Chen Yi Square, The Bund | | | Statue |
| More images | Monument to Frédéric Chopin | Dr Sun Yat-sen Park | 2007 | Lu Pin | Memorial |
| More images | Bust of Mahatma Gandhi | New Town Central Park | 1974–1976 | Drago Marin Cherina | Bust |
| | Hehe Xiexie | Expo Boulevard | 2009–2010 | Zhang Huan | Sculptures |
| More images | Light of the East | | 2000 | Jean-Marie Charpentier | Sculpture |
| More images | May Thirtieth Movement Monument | People's Park | | | Memorial |
| More images | Memorial to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels | Fuxing Park | | | Sculpture |
| More images | Statue of Ma Zhanshan | New Town Central Park | | | Statue |
| More images | Nobility of Time | Changde Road | 1977 | Salvador Dalí | Sculpture |
| More images | Monument to the People's Heroes | The Bund | 1993 | | Memorial |
| | The Thinker | Shanghai Library | | Auguste Rodin | Statue |
| More images | Statue of Zhang Side | People's Park | 1952 | | Statue |

## Jing'an Sculpture Park

Jing'an Sculpture Park has the following works on display:
| Image | Title / subject | Date | Artist / designer | Type |
| More images | Colors of Happiness | 2008 | Peter Woytuk | Sculpture |
| More images | Elemental Spring: Harmony | 2010 | Barbara Edelstein | Sculpture |
| More images | Flying Colors | 2007 | Georges Saulterre | Sculpture |
| More images | Girouette Monumentale | 2010 | Philippe Hiquily | Sculptures |
| More images | Horse | 2013 | Bahk Seon Chi | Sculpture |
| More images | Large Parrot Screams Color | 2007 | Jim Dine | Sculpture |
| More images | Music Power | 1988 | Arman | Sculpture |
| More images | Ostrich—Hide and Seek | 2010 | LplusL | Sculpture |
| More images | Red Beacon | | Arne Quinze | Sculpture |
# Strabane Upper

Strabane Upper (named after Strabane) is a barony in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by six other baronies: Tirkeeran and Keenaght to the north; Loughinsholin and Dungannon Upper to the east; Omagh East to the south; and Strabane Lower to the west.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of the main settlements in Strabane Upper:

### Villages

* Brockagh (also known as Mountjoy)
* Cranagh
* Drumnakilly
* Gortin
* Greencastle
* Knockmoyle
* Mountfield
* Plumbridge

## List of civil parishes

Below is a list of civil parishes in Strabane Upper:
* Bodoney Lower
* Bodoney Upper
* Cappagh (split with barony of Omagh East)
* Termonmaguirk (split with barony of Omagh East)
# Ribeaucourt, Somme

Ribeaucourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Ribeaucourt is situated 15 miles (24 km) east of Abbeville, on the D185 and D66 crossroads.

## History

The name of the commune is a corruption of Erembauldocurtis (which comes from "Eremboldus" = (skilful or bold leader) and "curtis", meaning a fortified house). Eremboldus was the name of several male members of the Ribeaucourt family, vassals to the abbey of Saint Riquier. The other communes in France bearing the same name have the same origins. During the Second World War, Ribeaucourt forest was the site of launching ramps for the German V1 missiles. The Germans also occupied the château. Allied bombardments on the 5 and 7 July 1944 caused serious damage to the village and the forest.

## Places of interest

* The 17th/18th-century château and park. Classed as a historic monument.
* The church of Saint-Sulpice. Classed as a historic monument in 1993.
* The war memorial.
# Coba Lake

The Coba Lake or Lake Coba (Spanish Lago Cobá) is an almost circular lake close to the ancient Maya city of Coba on the Yucatán peninsula.
The lake is surrounded by a reed zone that hosts crocodiles. There is a zip line installation that crosses part of the lake.
A lake of similar size and shape, Lake Makanxoc, lies close to the east.
# Furness Vale Rovers F.C.

Furness Vale Rovers F.C. was a short-lived association football club from the village of Furness Vale in the High Peak, at the time in the county of Cheshire. The club is notable for coming from the smallest place to have a side featured in the main draw of the FA Cup.

## History

The club's first reported match was against Buxton in November 1882. The club took over the Furness Vale club in 1883 and were "now able to place a very strong side in the field". In 1884–85, the club entered the Cheshire Challenge Cup, beating the Tranmere club 1–0 in the first round, but losing in the second to Oughtrington Park F.C.
Club captain John Murray was selected in January 1886 as a reserve for the Cheshire Football Association representative side in a match against the Derbyshire Football Association.
In 1886–87, the club entered the FA Cup; this was a highly optimistic move, as the Rovers had not made any impact in the local competitions, and was not on the friendlies schedule of any of the large local clubs, although on 28 November 1885 the club had lost 2–0 at Newton Heath LYR, who would become Manchester United. Nevertheless, entering the Cup did give the club a "glamour" fixture, against perennial Cheshire champions Northwich Victoria. The club lost 10–0 but had the consolation of playing before a large crowd. The club's true status was shown by a second round exit in the Cheshire Cup to a club from the village of Rainow; the club protested to no avail.
The club's final reported fixture was against Hurst New Mills in February 1887. There is no record of the club playing in the 1887–88 season or afterwards, although it still seems to have been a member of the FA for 1887–88.

## Colours

The club's colours were black and scarlet.

## Ground

The Rovers moved to a new ground in the 1885–86 season, but none of the newspapers report on its, or the previous ground's, location; given the size of Furness Vale (with a population of less than 1,000), giving the fixture location as simply "Furness Vale" was enough. The 1885 Charles Alcock annual gives the location as adjoining "150 Bothones Hill".
# DOT-117 tank car

The DOT-117 (TC-117 in Canada) is a type of unpressurized tank car in use on North American railroads. The DOT-117 design was developed in the aftermath of the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster of 2013 in an effort to upgrade the specifications of the then-common DOT-111 and CPC-1232 designs. It was announced on May 1, 2015 by the United States Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Canada's Transport Canada (TC). The specifications require that the tank shells be constructed out of 9⁄16 in (14.2875 mm) steel, with 11-gauge (1⁄8 in or 3.175 mm) sheet metal jackets, 1⁄2 in (12.7 mm) thick head shields on the ends of the tanks, and improved valves over previous designs.
In order to implement the DOT-117 standard, the FRA and TC required that all new tank cars constructed after October 1, 2015 be built to the specification. The agencies also imposed a retrofit schedule to bring in-service cars up to DOT-117 standards. Depending on the volatility of the cargo carried, DOT-111 and CPC-1232 cars would be banned in certain services in a series of cut-off dates, with all such cars out of service or rebuilt by May 1, 2025.