OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenya–Switzerland relations

Kenyan–Swiss relations are bilateral relations between Kenya and Switzerland.

## History

Switzerland recognised an independent Kenya in 1963 and diplomatic relations were established in 1964, which is when Switzerland opened its Nairobi Embassy.
Presently, relations between both countries are cordial.

## Development cooperation

The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) office for the Horn of Africa is based in Nairobi.
For the 2013–2016 Cooperation Strategy for the Horn of Africa, the SDC has set aside KES. 14.44 billion (CHF. 140 million)
Key areas for Kenya and Swiss cooperation are:
* Humanitarian aid
* Food security/Environmental protection

## Economic relations

In 2013, Kenya was Switzerland's 5th largest trade partner in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Total trade during that year was KES. 11.1 billion (CHF. 108 million).
Many Swiss nationals visit Kenya yearly. As of 2013, 937 Swiss nationals reside in Kenya .
Kenya's main exports to Switzerland include: flowers, tea and coffee.
Switzerland's main exports to Kenya include: pharmaceuticals and chemical products.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Kenya has an embassy in Bern.
* Switzerland has an embassy in Nairobi.
# Katha moorei

Katha moorei is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by John Henry Leech in 1890. It is found in China.
# Reginsmál

Reginsmál (Old Norse: 'The Lay of Reginn') is an Eddic poem interspersed with prose found in the Codex Regius manuscript. It is closely associated with Fáfnismál, the poem that immediately follows it in the Codex, and it is likely that the two of them were intended to be read together.
The poem, if regarded as a single unit, is disjoint and fragmentary, consisting of stanzas both in ljóðaháttr and fornyrðislag. The first part relates Loki's dealings with Andvari. Interpolated with prose passages, the poem moves on to Sigurd's relationship with Reginn and the advice given to him by Odin.
# Jagdstaffel 44

Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 44, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 44, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 19 aerial victories during the war, including four observation balloons downed. The squadron's victories came at the expense of two killed in action, two killed in flying accidents, two wounded in action, one injured in an accident, and two taken prisoner of war.

## History

Jasta 44 was formed on 11 December 1917 at Flieger-Abteilung ("Flier Detachment") 6 at Grossenhain. It went operational on 23 December 1917. In April 1918, it joined Jagdgruppe 12, commanded by Heinrich Kroll. The squadron served until it was disbanded on 1 December 1918.

## Commanding officers (Staffelführer)

* Max Raspe: 11 December 1917
* Albert Freytag: 14 February 1918
* Paul Lotz: 10 June 1918 – 23 October 1918 (KIA)
* Leutnant von Borries: 23 October 1918

## Duty stations

* Leffincourt, France
* Villeselve, France: March 1918
* Ercheu: Early April 1918
* Donstiennes, Belgium: 19 October 1918

## Operations

Jasta 44's first operational assignment, at Leffincourt, was support of 3 Armee. After being incorporated into Jagdgruppe 12, it usually supported 18 Armee. The squadron would serve through war's end, being disbanded at Kamenz, Kingdom of Saxony, on 1 December 1918.

## Aircraft

Jasta 44 re-equipped with Fokker D.VII fighters when it was consolidated into Jagdgruppe 12. Its previous equipment is unknown.
# Polar Bears (play)

Polar Bears is a play by British writer Mark Haddon, first produced by the Donmar Warehouse in London. Following previews from 1 April 2010, the play opened on 6 April 2010 where it ran until 22 May. The world premiere production was directed by Jamie Lloyd. The German Oldenburgisches Staatstheater staged the play in 2012 under direction of K.D. Schmidt.

## Original Cast

* Sandy – Paul Hilton
* John – Richard Coyle
* Kay – Jodhi May
* Margaret – Celia Imrie
* Jesus – David Leon
* Girl – Skye Bennett/Alice Sykes
# German Patience

German Patience is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards shuffled together. It is an unusual game because building in the tableau or playing area is up, as opposed to building down in many others. Despite its name, it is not known if this game originated from Germany.
It is very difficult to win, and the winning odds for an average player are about 1 in 200 games. Thomas Warfield's solitaire game Bavarian is a variant that makes this an easier game.

## Rules

The object of this game is to form eight columns of thirteen cards each. Each column starts with any card and ends with the card a rank lower than the first. In this game, building is round-the-corner, i.e. an Ace can be built over a King and a Deuce (or Two card) can be placed over an Ace.
At the start of the game, each column in the tableau starts with one card. The cards in the tableau are built up regardless of suit. Only the top card of each column is available for play and cards are moved one at a time. Spaces can be filled with any card.
When there are no more moves that can be made, the stock is dealt one a time. Any card that cannot be placed onto the tableau is placed on the waste pile, the top card of which is available for play.
The game ends soon after the stock has run out (although some rule sets allow a redeal by picking up the waste pile and turning it face down to make a new stock). The game is won when all cards are built onto the tableau in eight columns of 13.
# Obrežje pri Zidanem Mostu

Obrežje pri Zidanem Mostu (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Savinja River, close to its confluence with the Sava, opposite Zidani Most. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Peter pri Loki (literally, 'Saint Peter near Loka') to Obrežje pri Zidanem Mostu (literally, 'river bank near Zidani Most') in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms.
# Richard Brunton

Richard Brunton may refer to:
* Richard Henry Brunton (1841–1901), the "Father of Japanese lighthouses"
* Richard Brunton (artist) (c. 1749–1832), British-American artist
* Richard Brunton, a character in The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual, a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
# John Cowdell

John Alexander Cowdell AM (born 24 May 1953) is a former Australian politician.
Born in Perth, Cowdell holds a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education. He worked as a public servant and adviser to Kim Beazley before being appointed Assistant Secretary of the Western Australian Labor Party; he was also Dean of Kingswood College at the University of Western Australia. In 1993 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council for South West. From 1997 to 2001 he was Shadow Minister for Parliamentary and Electoral Affairs as well as Deputy President of the Council; in 2001 he became President. Cowdell retired from politics in 2005.

## Awards and recognition

Cowdell was awarded a Centenary Medal in 2001. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2010 Australia Day Honours "For service to the Parliament of Western Australia, to regional development, and to the community, particularly through contributions to history and heritage".
# Kenya–Sri Lanka relations

Kenya–Sri Lanka relations are bilateral relations between Kenya and Sri Lanka. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sri Lanka has a high commission in Nairobi. Kenya has a non resident high commissioner in New Delhi.

## History

Both Sri Lanka and Kenya have a common history going back to the ages of the British Empire where Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) was ruled from 1815 to 1948 and Kenya (as the East Africa Protectorate) ruled from 1895 to 1920 and again as the Kenya Colony from 1920 to 1963. Diplomatic relations between Sri Lanka and Kenya was established in 1970. Nairobi serves as the main communication and financial center of the African Great Lakes.
Both countries signed a Bilateral Air Services Agreement BASA agreement that allows direct flights between both countries by airlines owned by firms originating from either one of the countries.
In 2013, former President of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa made a state visit to Kenya. He had talks with Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya. During his visit both countries agreed to improve security on sea lanes. They also agreed to improve shipping and port connectivity between their respective countries. In 2019, President Maithripala Sirisena visited Kenya to participate United Nation Environment Assembly in Nairobi.

## Trade

In 2013, trade between both countries was valued at US$13.94 million, up from US$12.78 million in 2012. In 2014, trade between both countries between January and June was valued at US$5.86 million.
Kenya's main exports to Sri Lanka include: natural sodium carbonate, salt, pepper and tea which is imported by Sri Lanka for blending purposes. The tea is usually 35% Sri Lankan and 65% Kenyan.
Sri Lanka's exports to Kenya in 2013 consisted of: natural rubber, tyres, sacks and bags, staple fibre, tea, rice, coconut coir and activated carbon.
Two large Sri Lankan companies have operations in Kenyan Export Processing Zones, there are also some IT companies in Kenya.
# William K. Scarborough

William Kauffman Scarborough (January 17, 1933 - May 17, 2020) was a professor emeritus of history at the University of Southern Mississippi. He was the Charles W. Moorman Distinguished Alumni Professor in the Humanities from 1996 to 1998.
He was an outspoken opponent of school integration and supporter of massive resistance, believing white people to be the "superior race" and black people to be "genetically inferior." He was a member of the Citizens' Councils.
Scarborough was a featured interviewee in the Stanley Nelson Jr. film Freedom Summer. Scarborough spoke at the Citadel on the subject of the secession of South Carolina.

## Personal

Scarborough was born in Baltimore, Maryland to James Blaine Scarborough and Julia Irene Scarborough (née Kauffman). His mother, a nurse, served with the American Expeditionary Force in France during World War I. His father earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at Johns Hopkins University in 1923 and served for three decades as a professor at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. The elder Scarborough published Numerical Mathematical Analysis (1930), a book considered fundamental to the development of computers in the 1940s.
Scarborough earned his B.A at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1954, and soon after, he married Patricia Estelle Carruthers. Together, they had two children. Having received an officer's commission via the Navy ROTC, he served from 1954 to 1956 as a gunnery officer on the USS New Jersey (BB-62). He earned his M.A. at Cornell and completed his doctorate under Fletcher Melvin Green at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1962.
Between 1961 and 1963, he taught at Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi. Because he stridently supported Governor Ross Barnett and vocally criticized administrators at the college, the college chose not to renew his employment contract. Beginning in Fall 1963, he taught for a year at Northeast Louisiana University before accepting an appointment the following Fall at Southern Miss where he remained until his retirement.
The records of his work, 27 feet and 8500 documents, including materials associated with the Citizens' Councils, are archived at the University of North Carolina libraries.
Scarborough died in May 2020.

## Selected publications

* Overseer: Plantation Management in the Old South
* Diary of Edmund Ruffin: Days of Independence, October 1856 - April 1861
* Diary of Edmund Ruffin: The Days of Hope, April 1861 - June 1863
* Diary of Edmund Ruffin: A Dream Shattered, June 1863 - June 1865
* Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth-Century South
* The Allstons of Chicora Wood: Wealth, Honor, and Gentility in the South Carolina Lowcountry
* "Slavery — The White Man's Burden"
* "Heritage, not hate. Let's keep the state flag"
# Lie-* algebra

In mathematics, a Lie-* algebra is a D-module with a Lie* bracket. They were introduced by Alexander Beilinson and Vladimir Drinfeld (Beilinson & Drinfeld (2004, section 2.5.3)), and are similar to the conformal algebras discussed by Kac (1998) and to vertex Lie algebras.
# Regio

Regio (pl. regiones) is the Latin word for ‘region’ and the Italian word for ‘royal’
It may refer to:

## Ancient toponymy

* Regiones of Augustan Italy, the departments in which Roman Emperor Augustus divided Italy.
* 14 regions of the Augustan Rome, in ancient Rome as a name for quartiers of the city of Rome
* 14 regions of Medieval Rome, resulting from the redivision of the Rome after the revolution of 1143
* Regio, in ancient Constantinople as a name for the 14 quarters of the city of Constantinople, defined in analogy with those of Rome
* Regio Aromatica, name for the Horn of Africa
* Regiones, administrative subdivisions of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England

## Astronomy

* Regio (astronomy), which, in planetary geology, is a large area of a planet or moon that is strongly differentiated in colour or albedo
** A regio of Venus:
*** Alpha Regio
*** Asteria Regio
*** Beta Regio
*** Ovda Regio
** A regio of Pluto:
*** Belton Regio
*** Lowell Regio
*** Tombaugh Regio
** A regio of Titan:
*** Tui Regio
** A regio of Ganymede:
*** Galileo Regio
** A regio on Phoebe:
*** Leto Regio
** A regio on Iapetus:
*** Cassini Regio
# Jagsir Singh

Jagsir Singh is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Bhucho Mandi Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party. He was elected as the MLA in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

## Member of Legislative Assembly

He represents the Bhucho Mandi Assembly constituency as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022.

### Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly

* Member (2022–23) Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes
* Member (2022–23) Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions

## Electoral performance

Punjab Assembly election, 2022: Bhucho Mandi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Jagsir Singh | 85,778 | 57.29 | 23.52 |
| | SAD | Darshan Singh Kotfatta | 35,566 | 23.75 | 5.43 |
| | INC | Pritam Singh Kotbhai | 20,681 | 13.81 | 20.39 |
| | Independent | Baldev Singh Aklia | 2,546 | 1.7 | 1.43 |
| | BJP | Rupinderjit Singh | 2,330 | 1.56 | New |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,555 | 1.04% | 0.57 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 50,212 | 33.54 | 33.11 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,49,724 | 81.02 | 3.31 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 184,785 | | |
| | AAP gain from INC | AAP gain from INC | Swing | | |
# E. Samantha Cheng

E. Samantha Cheng is a Chinese-American journalist, author, and documentarian. She is best known for leading and advancing the "Chinese American WWII Veterans Recognition Project" which ultimately led to the passage of the "Chinese-American World War II Veteran Congressional Gold Medal Act" in 2018. She also cofounded the company Heritage Series, LLC, which creates educational material highlighting ethnic minorities in the United States.
In 2006, Cheng directed the documentary Asian Pacific American Members of Congress History Project: Norman Mineta, which focused on Senator Hiram Fong. In 2010, Cheng directed the 13-minute documentary Norman Y. Mineta: A Boy from San Jose, which was shown during a reception at the National Portrait Gallery where Mineta's portrait was accepted into the National Portrait Gallery's permanent collections. From 2013 to 2021, Cheng's company Heritage Series, LLC sponsored the "APA Legacy Campaigns," which highlighted various notable Asian Americans and their contributed to the United States. Cheng directed the 2014 documentary Dalip Singh Saund: His Life, His Legacy, which a part of the Asian Pacific American Members of Congress History Project. The Motion Picture Association of America had a special screening of Dalip Singh Saund: His Life, His Legacy on May 8, 2014. Cheng's Honor and Duty: The Mississippi Delta Chinese documentary premiered in Jackson, Mississippi, on April 28, 2016, and was later broadcast nationally on PBS.
Starting in December 2016, Cheng led the Chinese American Citizens Alliance (CACA) to advocate U.S. members of congress to pass the "Chinese-American World War II Veteran Congressional Gold Medal Act," also known as Public Law 115-337. In addition to the act, Cheng was the director of the "Chinese American WWII Veterans Recognition Project," which was a campaign aimed to create a public database of all Chinese-Americans who served in the United States Armed Forces during World War II. The "Chinese-American World War II Veteran Congressional Gold Medal Act" was passed and signed by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2018.
On October 30, 2020, Cheng appeared on a panel discussion broadcast on C-SPAN and hosted by the National World War II Museum about the efforts to document Chinese Americans WWII Veterans. Her book Honor and Duty: The Chinese American WWII Veterans was published November 11, 2020. The book was the topic of a Chinese American Museum Webinar panel that included Cheng, Commander Fang Wong, Navy Commander Evelyn Moy, and Janelle Wong on November 10, 2020.
Cheng is a member of the Asian American Journalists Association (AAJA) and has participated in its mentorship program as a mentor. In 2020, she has donated to the Wing Luke Museum and the American Legion Auxiliary.
# German submarine U-316

German submarine U-316 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 11 August 1942 at the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as yard number 316, launched on 19 June 1943 and commissioned on 5 August under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hermann Stuckmann.
The U-boat spent her career as a training vessel. She sank or damaged no ships.
She was scuttled on 2 May 1945 at war's end.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-316 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-316 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's service life began with training with the 22nd U-boat Flotilla from 5 August 1943. She was then transferred to the 23rd flotilla on 1 September. She was reassigned to the 31st flotilla on 20 February 1945.

### Fate

The boat was scuttled near Travemünde (northeast of Lübeck) at war's end on 2 May 1945.
# John Cowell (RAF airman)

John J. Cowell, DCM, MM & Bar (1889 – 30 July 1918) was an Irish soldier, airman and flying ace of the First World War. He was credited with sixteen aerial victories; fifteen of these were gained as an observer/gunner and one as a pilot, before he was killed in action.

## Early life and background

Cowell was born in Limerick, one of ten children of Michael and Kate Cowell.

## First World War

Cowell first served in the 12th Field Company of the Royal Engineers, where on 27 October 1916 Sapper (Acting Corporal) Cowell was awarded his first Military Medal.
Cowell then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, joining No. 20 Squadron as an observer/gunner during Bloody April 1917. He manned the guns of a F.E.2d fighter for such other aces as Richard M. Trevethan, Cecil Roy Richards, Reginald Condon, and Oliver Vickers. Between 5 May and 28 July 1917, Cowell gained fifteen victories, destroying a German two-seater reconnaissance aircraft and five German fighters, and driving down nine more German fighters out of control. He was promoted to sergeant, and awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal, which was gazetted on 17 July 1917. His citation read:
   78171 Sergeant J. Cowell, RFC. For conspicuous gallantry whilst assisting an aerial gunner during bomb raids. He showed remarkable skill and judgment in the eight combats in which he has been engaged, and on several occasions has shot down hostile aircraft.
On 14 September 1917 Cowell received a Bar to his Military Medal. He then returned to the Home Establishment for flight training, rejoining No. 20 Squadron as a pilot in mid-1918.
On 29 July 1918, while flying a Bristol F.2b, Cowell drove down a Fokker D.VII, his last, and only aerial victory as a pilot. He was killed in action the following day, shot down by Friedrich Ritter von Röth of Jasta 16. Cowell is buried in Longuenesse Souvenir Cemetery, Saint-Omer, France.
# William Oram

William Oram (c.1711 – 17 March 1777) was an English painter and architect.

## Life

Oram was educated as an architect, and, through the patronage of Sir Edward Walpole, obtained the position of master-carpenter to the Board of Works. He designed a triumphal arch for the coronation of George III of Great Britain, of which an engraving was published. Oram also devoted much time to landscape-painting in the style of Gaspar Poussin.
Oram was generally known as "Old Oram", to distinguish him from his son. He died on 17 March 1777, leaving a widow and a son, Edward Oram (fl. 1770–1800), also a landscape-painter.

## Works

Thomas James Mulvany's opinion was that Oram painted in the style of John Wootton, and had probably been his pupil. He also produced watercolour drawings, in the manner of Richard Wilson.
Oram's works were often applied to decorative purposes and inserted over doors and mantelpieces. He designed and painted the staircase at Buckingham House, and was employed to repair the paintings on the staircase at Hampton Court. He published an etching of Datchet Bridge in 1745. In 1766 he exhibited three landscapes at the Society of Artists' exhibition.

## Legacy

In his will, dated 4 January 1776, and proved 17 March 1777, Oram described himself as of St. John's, Hampstead, and left everything to his wife Elizabeth. She then gave his manuscripts to his close relative the antiquarian Charles Clarke, who in 1810 published from them Precepts and Observations on the Art of Colouring in Landscape-Painting, by the late William Oram, esq., of his Majesty's Board of Works.