OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine

John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine (7 July 1487 – 11 November 1555) was a Scottish nobleman.
He was the son of Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine (died 1513) and Isabel Campbell, a daughter of George Campbell of Loudon.
His family was claimant to the earldom of Mar; this was recognized in 1565 for his son, John. Following a dynastic dispute in the 19th century, John Lord Erskine was acknowledged, retrospectively, as the 17th Earl.

## Career

On 3 August 1522, Erskine was appointed keeper of the ten-year-old King James V of Scotland and Stirling Castle. He had strict instructions from Margaret Tudor to hold the castle keys and set a password every night for the King's guards. The instructions were given again by act of the Parliament of Scotland in 1523.
In 1533 Lord Erskine was paid for work building new park and garden ditches and dykes at Stirling Castle.
In 1535 he travelled to England to collect the collar of Order of the Garter from Henry VIII of England on behalf of James V. The ceremony took place at Windsor Castle and later Erskine met Henry VIII at Thornbury Castle. James V had given Lord Erskine a detailed instruction about his precedence in the Garter Chapel;
   "Ye shall purchase to have the place was promised to us next to the King of France amongst kings, and failing thereof that ye take documents to fulfill for our part and leave it so."
Erskine returned to London where Cromwell's servant John Gostwyk gave him a gift of silver plate, £20 to his companion the Lyon King of Arms, David Lyndsay, and 80 crowns to the Rothesay Herald.
John Erskine was also a commissioner for the marriage negotiations of James V and Mary of Bourbon. After James married Madeleine of Valois, Mar took receipt of Dunbar Castle, which was formerly garrisoned by John Stewart, Duke of Albany for France.

## Marriage and family

John Erskine was the son of Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine and Isabel Campbell. He married Lady Margaret Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll and Elizabeth Stewart.
Their daughter Margaret Erskine was a mistress of King James V of Scotland and the mother of Regent Moray, she later married Robert Douglas of Lochleven.
Lord Erskine died soon after November 1555. He was succeeded as Lord Erskine by his son John, who was later made Earl of Mar by Queen Mary in 1565.
Children of John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine and Lady Margaret Campbell include;
* John Erskine, Earl of Mar (d. 1572)
* Robert Erskine, Master of Erskine, father of David Erskine, Commendator of Dryburgh
* Thomas Erskine, Master of Erskine, diplomat, and father of Adam Erskine, Commendator of Cambuskenneth
* Sir Alexander Erskine of Gogar
* Catherine Erskine, who married Alexander Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Elphinstone
* Margaret Erskine
* Arthur Erskine of Blackgrange (d. 1571), master stabler to Mary, Queen of Scots, who married Magdalen Livingstone.
# German submarine U-3029

German submarine U-3029 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 24 October 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1188. She was launched on 28 December 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hermann Lamby on 5 February 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3029 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3029 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-3029 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Kiel, in the Aussenförde, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Kazan Region

The Kazan Region is a physiographic province of Canada and the part of the Canadian Shield that is located in extreme northeastern Alberta, northern Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, and also in parts of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

## Geography

The Kazan Region is subdivided into the following subregions: the Coronation Hills, the Bathurst Hills and the East Arm Hills; the Boothia Plateau; the Wager Plateau; the Kazan Upland; the Bear-Slave Upland; the Athabasca Plain, the Thelon Plain; and the Back Lowland.

## Geology

The base rocks in the Kazan Region are Precambrian crystalline rocks such as gneisses, quartzites and granites. In the eastern part of the Kazan Region these are the predominant rocks. In the western portion the Precambrian rocks are overlain by Paleozoic and Cretaceous sediments, many of which have been metamorphosed. In both east and west these rocks are in turn overlain in places by alluvial and lacustrian deposits, as well as glacial deposits.
# Kaliyodam

Kaliyodam is a 1965 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by P. Subramaniam. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Rajalakshmi, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair and Babu Joseph. The film had musical score by G. Devarajan.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Gopi
* Madhu as Venu
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Raman Nair
* Rajalakshmi
* Babu Joseph as Ramesh
* Anandavally
* Jayanthi as Vasanthy
* Pankajavalli as Bhargaviyamma
* Ramachandran Nair
* S. P. Pillai as Kittu pilla
* K. V. Shanthi as Radha
* Aranmula Ponnamma as Janaki
* Baby Vinodini

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by O. N. V. Kurup.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Illoru Thulli Panineeru" | P. Susheela | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 2 | "Kaamuki Njaan" | S. Janaki | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 3 | "Kaliyodam" | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki, P. Leela | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 4 | "Kaliyodam" (F) | P. Leela, Chorus | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 5 | "Maathalamalare" | Kamukara | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 6 | "Munnil Peruvazhimaathram" | K. J. Yesudas | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 7 | "Ormakal Than Ithaliloorum" | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki, Kamukara | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 8 | "Pambayaarozhukunna Nade" | P. Leela | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 9 | "Thankatheril" | P. Susheela, Kamukara | O. N. V. Kurup |
# Hylarana tytleri

Hylarana tytleri is a frog species in the family Ranidae. It is found in eastern and northeastern India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and southern Nepal, and possibly at lower elevations in Bhutan. It was formerly placed in Rana, and included in the common green frog (H. erythraea). It is probably a close relative of that species nonetheless, and thus placed in the revalidated genus Hylarana, of which H. erythraea is the type species. Common name Theobald's ranid frog has been coined for it, although common names for Indian frogs previously identified as Rana erythraea include yellow-striped frog, leaf frog, and leaping frog.

## Description

Males grow to a maximum size of 33 mm (1.3 in) and females to 45 mm (1.8 in) in snout–vent length (SVL). The head is moderately elongated. The shanks are relatively long (about 55% of SVL). Webbing is partial. The body is uniformly greenish with two whitish or yellow lines laterally on back. There are two distinct brown lines on inner side of latero-dorsal folds. No mid-dorsal line is present.

## Habitat and conservation

Hylarana tytleri is a lowland (below 300 m (980 ft) above sea level) species associated with a variety of aquatic habitats including pools, lakes, marshes, and artificially flooded agricultural areas. It may venture into bank side vegetation and into scrubland and tropical forest habitats. It is a common species, but water pollution with agrochemicals can be a threat. It may also suffer locally from over-collection for food. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.
# Reinhold Nauyoma

Reinhold Madala Nauyoma (born 8 August 1968) is a Namibian politician and former police officer. A member of the All People's Party, he served as a member of the National Assembly from 2015 to 2020.

## Political Career

In 2018, Nauyoma would express concern about governmental funding cuts.
# Goniopora stokesi

Goniopora stokesi is a species of colonial stony coral. As with other species in genus Goniopora, it has the common names 'flowerpot coral' and 'daisy coral'. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorises its status as near threatened.

## Description

Goniopora stokesi is found widely across the northern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. In roughly clockwise order: from Madagascar and the Gulf of Aden in the west, through the Maldives and southern India, through the East Indies, up to Japan, and down to northern parts of Western Australia, and to the Great Barrier Reef in the east. It has been described as usually uncommon but conspicuous, but sometimes locally common. It has been reported at depths of 9–20 m (30–66 ft), less commonly at 3–30 m (10–100 ft). It is usually free-living; that is, not attached to a fixed substrate. Colonies are often found on sandy bottoms, in turbid and relatively still waters. They are usually hemispherical, and often have satellite (daughter) colonies which have not yet budded off.
Goniopora stokesi has a reputation among aquarists both of being readily available commercially, and of being difficult to maintain in captivity. The aquarium trade may be one reason why the species is under threat.
The specific epithet stokesi may be in honour of Charles Stokes (c. 1784 - 1853), a respected English amateur malacologist. It would be necessary to consult the original paper describing the species (which as of 2018 does not seem to have been digitised) to settle the matter.
# HOT-7

HOT-7, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(β-propylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. It was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book, PiHKAL.

## Chemistry

HOT-7's full chemical name is 2-[4-(2-propylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl–N–hydroxyethanamine. It has structural properties similar to 2C-T-7 and to other drugs in the HOT- series, with the most closely related compounds being HOT-2 and HOT-17.

## General information

The dosage range of HOT-7 is typically 15-25 mg and its duration is approximately 6–8 hours according to Shulgin. HOT-7 produces closed-eye and open-eye visuals. It also induces a feeling similar to that of being drunk.

## Legality
### United Kingdom

This substance is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.
# Pius Mwabilu

Pius Mwabilu is a Congolese politician. He was a Minister of Town Planning and Housing of Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Ilunga government that ran from September 2019 to April 2021, as well as a member of parliament. He is a member of Union for Democracy and Social Progress.
# Kolman

Kolman is a name, used both as a surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Kolman as surname

* Alojz Kolman (born 1967), Yugoslav-Slovenian artistic gymnast
* Ed Kolman (1915–1985), American football player
* Ernst Kolman (1892–1979), Czech philosopher
* Nejc Kolman (born 1989), Slovenian football player

## Kolman as given name

* Kolman Helmschmied (1471–1532), German armourer
# German submarine U-138

U-138 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-138, a Type U 127 submarine launched in 1917 and that served in the First World War
** During the First World War, Germany also had this submarine with a similar name:
*** SM UB-138, a Type UB III submarine laid down but unfinished at the end of the war; broken up on the slip in 1919
* German submarine U-138 (1940), a Type IID submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk on 18 June 1941
# Murder in Maryland law

Murder in Maryland law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Maryland.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had the eighth highest murder rate in the country.

## Penalties

Source:
| Offense | Mandatory sentencing |
| Involuntary Manslaughter | Maximum of 10 years, up to 2.5 with no parole |
| Voluntary Manslaughter | Maximum of 10 years, up to 5 with no parole |
| Second Degree Murder | Maximum of 40 years, up to 20 with no parole |
| First Degree Murder | Life with parole after 20 years (or 15 years if crime committed before October 1, 2021) or life without parole |
# James Currier

James "Jim" Currier was an English-born footballer who played as a centre forward in the 1930s and 1940s.
He joined Bolton Wanderers from Cheltenham Town and first played in The Football League for Bolton in 1935–36, scoring 14 times in his 26 appearances.
During World War II he played for Manchester City on a number of occasions between 1940 and 1943, and he scored an impressive 94 goals in his 113 games for City.
# Factor price

In economic theory, a factor price is the unit cost of using a factor of production, such as labor or physical capital.
There has been much debate as to what determines factor prices. Classical and Marxist economists argue that factor prices decided the value of a product and therefore the value is intrinsic within the product. For this reason, the term 'natural price' is often used instead.
Marginalist economists argue that the factor price is a function of the demand for the final product, and so they are imputed from the finished product. The theory of imputation was first expounded by the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser.
Find Sources: "Economic theory" - Economics
“Factor of production" - Factors of production
* This economics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# HR Lyrae

HR Lyrae or Nova Lyrae 1919 was a nova which occurred in the constellation Lyra in 1919. Its discovery was announced by Johanna C. Mackie on 6 December 1919. She discovered it while examining photographic plates taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The bulletin announcing the discovery (H.C.O. bulletin 705) states "Between December 4 and 6 it rose rapidly from the sixteenth magnitude or fainter, to a maximum of about 6.5". It was the first nova ever reported in Lyra, and Mackie was awarded the AAVSO gold medal for her discovery. Its peak magnitude of 6.5 implies that it might have been visible to the naked eye, under ideal conditions.
HR Lyrae's outburst occurred in December 1919, when Lyra was only visible in the early evening for most northern observers. Visibility was even more limited in the first months of 1920, so its light curve near maximum brightness is poorly sampled. But it is very likely that it declined from peak brightness by 3 magnitudes in less than 100 days, making it a "fast" nova. By November 1921 the star had dimmed to 14th magnitude, which is close to its quiescent brightness. It continues to show brightness fluctuations of 1 magnitude or less above its quiescent magnitude with no clear periodicity, as well as dimming (down to 17th magnitude) episodes. Although only one nova event has been seen, there are suggestions based primarily on the light curve that HR Lyrae might be a recurrent nova.
All novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The two stars are so close to each other that matter is transferred from the donor to the white dwarf. In the case of HR Lyrae the binary's orbital period is uncertain, but a value of 2.4 hours has been reported. The white dwarf's mass has been estimated to be 0.78±0.15M$_☉$
# Platanthera tescamnis

Platanthera tescamnis, the intermountain bog orchid or yellow rein orchid, is a species of orchid described in 2006. The plant is well-known but had been misidentified. It is native to the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau of the western United States (Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California), where it grows in warmer, drier habitat than most related orchids.
Platanthera tescamnis produces a slender, erect flowering stem which may exceed one meter (3 ft 3 in) in height. There are several leaves around the base of the stem, lance-shaped to oval and measuring up to 29 centimeters (11 in) long by 5 centimeters (2 in) wide. The inflorescence is a dense spike of many small yellow-green flowers.
# Los Cerros de San Juan

Los Cerros de San Juan is a populated centre in the Colonia Department of Uruguay.

## Geography

It is located near San Juan River, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) before it discharges in the Río de la Plata and is about 32 kilometres (20 mi) northwest from Colonia del Sacramento.

## Population

According to the 2004 census, it had a population of 60.

## Features

The Cerros de San Juan region features sunny summers with cool nights, creating a wide variation in temperatures (up to 18°C). The suitability of the soils for wine growing in the Cerros de San Juan region is due to the rocky nature of the mountains which border the region, with excellent drainage. The red and white grapes grow in pebbly soils.
# John Farlinger

John Farlinger (born March 4, 1948) is a former Canadian football player who played for the Edmonton Eskimos. He won the Grey Cup with Edmonton in 1975. He played college football at the University of Calgary.
# German submarine U-1406

German submarine U-1406 was a Type XVIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was one of a small number of U-boats fitted with Hellmuth Walter's high test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds.
U-1406 was laid down on 30 October 1943 at the Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as yard number 256. She was launched on 2 January 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Werner Klug on 8 February 1945.

## Design

When completed, U-1406 was 41.45 metres (136 ft) long overall, with a beam of 4.50 metres (14 ft 9 in) and a draught of 4.3 metres (14 ft 1 in). She was assessed at 337 long tons (342 t) submerged. The submarine was powered by one Deutz SAA 8M517 supercharged 8-cylinder diesel engine producing a total of 210–230 metric horsepower (150–170 kW; 210–230 shp) for use while surfaced and one Walter gas turbine producing a total of 2,500 metric horsepower (1,800 kW; 2,500 shp) for use while submerged. She had one shaft and one propeller. The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) using the HTP drive. When submerged, the U-boat could operate for 123 nautical miles (228 km; 142 mi) at 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) on her HTP system and when surfaced, she could travel 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).
The submarine was fitted with two 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (All fitted at the bow) and four torpedoes. The boat had a complement of 19 men.

## Service history

U-1406 did not undertake any war patrols and was instead assigned as a training boat at first to the 8th U-boat Flotilla, followed by the 5th U-boat Flotilla.
The U-1406 was scuttled on 7 May 1945 in Cuxhaven. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Kedros Kormakiti

Kedros Kormakiti was a Cypriot association football club based in Kormakiti, located in the Keryneia District. Its colours were green, red and white. It has 4 participations in Cypriot Fourth Division. On 1989 merged with Libanos Kormakiti to form Kormakitis FC.
# James Curtis

James Curtis may refer to:
* James Curtis (British writer) (1907–1977), British author
* James Curtis (biographer), American biographer
* James Curtis (journalist) (fl. 1828–1835), British eccentric and journalist
* James Curtis (politician) (died 1819), merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island
* James C. Curtis (1797–1881), New York politician
* James F. Curtis (1825–1914), vigilante leader in San Francisco and its first Chief of Police
* James F. Curtis (lawyer), U.S. Treasury official
* James L. Curtis (1870–1917), American ambassador
* James O. Curtis (1804–1890), shipbuilder from Medford Massachusetts
* James Waltham Curtis (1839–1901), English-born artist in Australia
* Diego Cortez (born James Curtis, 1946–2021), American filmmaker and art curator
* Kasey James (born 1982), also known as James Curtis, American wrestler
* James Curtis (footballer), English footballer
# Hypercompe confusa

Hypercompe confusa is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1884. It is found in Mexico.
# Regional Playback Control

RPC-1 and RPC-2 are designations applied to firmware for DVD drives. Older DVD drives use RPC-1 firmware, which allows DVDs from any region to play. Newer drives use RPC-2 firmware, which enforces DVD region coding at the hardware level. See DVD region code#Computer DVD drives for further information.
Some RPC-2 drives can be converted to RPC-1 with the same features as before by using alternative firmware on the drive, or on some drives by setting a secret flag in the drive's EEPROM.
* This computer hardware article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ferroaluminum

Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium. The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium. Applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. The alloy is also known for the ability to manufacture low melting point alloys and its ability to carry out aluminothermic welding. Ferroaluminum does not currently have a CAS Registry Number. The presence of iron in aluminum helps in the decrease of casting defects, improves tensile, yield, hardness, and maintains strength at high temperatures.
The first recorded usage of the word "ferroaluminum" was in 1887. Ferroaluminum can also be nitrided, as the aluminium bonds well with the nitrogen forming a hard case. The aluminum provided in the alloy helps with this process. The majority of the world's ferroaluminum is produced by Australia, China, Russia, the US and Canada, with the cost of electricity being the main factor in the aluminum smelting process.

## Manufacturing process

Ferroaluminum is manufactured in an electricity-intensive process that involves three steps. First, aluminium oxide (Al$_2$O$_3$) is obtained through the Bayer process by digestion of bauxite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at about 240 °C. Second, the aluminium oxide is subjected to a Hall–Héroult process together with cryolite to obtain aluminium that will then be combined with iron to create the ferroaluminum. Last, after the solidification of the metal, milling and sieving processes are carried out, which obtains the suitable particle size for its applications.

## Chemical composition

Chemical Composition of Ferroaluminum :
| Element | Content |
| Silicon, Si | maximum of 2% |
| Aluminum, Al | 40% to 60% |
| Carbon, C | maximum of 0.50% |
| Sulfur, S | maximum of 0.10% |
| Phosphorus, P | maximum of 0.10% |
| Iron, Fe | main constituent |

## Physical properties

Physical Properties of Ferroaluminum :
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Melting Point | 1160 °C at 60% Al 1250 °C at 40% Al | 2120 °F at 60% Al 2282 °F at 40% Al |