OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul O. Carrese

Paul O. Carrese (kuh-REES) is Director of the School of Civic & Economic Thought and Leadership at Arizona State University. For nearly two decades he was a professor of political science at the United States Air Force Academy. He is author of the book The Cloaking of Power: Montesquieu, Blackstone, and the Rise of Judicial Activism and co-editor of three other books. His most recent book is Democracy in Moderation: Montesquieu, Tocqueville, and Sustainable Liberalism (Cambridge University Press, 2016). He has held fellowships at Harvard University; the University of Delhi (as a Fulbright fellow); and the James Madison Program, Politics Department, Princeton University. As of January 2017, he became the first Director of the School of Civic & Economic Thought and Leadership at Arizona State University in Tempe, an interdisciplinary great-books program that aims to prepare leaders for American civil society and statesman-like leaders for public service.

## Education

Carrese graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont with a B.A. in political science in 1989, where he studied with Murray Dry and Paul Nelson, before attending Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship. At Oxford's Pembroke College, he earned two master's degrees, one in politics and philosophy in 1991 and one in theology in 1993. He received his Ph.D. in political science from Boston College in 1998.

## Career

From 1993 to 1995, Carrese was a teaching assistant at Boston College, and he taught at Middlebury from 1996 to 1998. After receiving his Ph.D., Carrese took a job at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs as an assistant professor of political science. In 2000, he became an associate professor, and in 2003 a full professor. He was the co-founder of the Academy's great-books honors program, the Scholars Program, and served as its second Director. He was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship in the Government Department of Harvard University, 2000–2001; a Fulbright fellowship at University of Delhi in New Delhi, 2007-2008; and a research fellowship in the James Madison Program on American Ideals and Institutions, Politics Department, Princeton University in 2012–13. Carrese teaches several political science and social science courses at the Academy.
# Paul O'Sullivan (horseman)

Paul David O'Sullivan (born 6 December 1959) is a New Zealand Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.
O'Sullivan trained in partnership with his father, Dave O’Sullivan, for 17 years in New Zealand, and was the champion trainer in New Zealand on 11 occasions. He is the brother of New Zealand premiership-winning jockey Lance O'Sullivan.
O'Sullivan moved to Hong Kong to train in 2004. In 2010/11, O'Sullivan brought up his double century of winners in Hong Kong. In 2022, he finished there with 516 wins and total earnings of HK$525,837,109.

## Significant horses

* Aerovelocity (Naisoso Warrior), winner of the 2014 and 2016 Hong Kong Sprint, 2015 KrisFlyer International Sprint and Takamatsunomiya Kinen, 2016 Centenary Sprint Cup
* Coogee Walk, winner of the 1998 Railway Stakes
* Ensign Ewart, winner of the 1994 Railway Stakes
* Fellowship, winner of the 2010 Hong Kong Stewards' Cup
* High Regards, winner of the 1985 Telegraph Handicap
* Horlicks, winner of the 1989 Japan Cup
* Miltak, winner of the 1994 Auckland Cup and BMW Stakes
* Morar, winner of the 1992 Telegraph Handicap
* Mr Tiz, winner of the 1989, 1990 and 1991 Railway Stakes, 1989 and 1990 Telegraph Handicap, 1991 Waikato Sprint, 1991 The Galaxy (ATC)
* Nimue, winner of the 1992 Levin Classic
* O'Reilly, winner of the 1996 Levin Classic, 1997 Telegraph Handicap
* Popsy, winner of the 1993 New Zealand Derby
* Silver Tip, winner of the 1986 Railway Stakes
* Snap, winner of the 1994 New Zealand Oaks & 1995 Waikato Sprint
* Surfers Paradise, winner of the 1990 New Zealand Derby and 1991 Cox Plate
* Vital King, winner of the 2007 Hong Kong Derby
* Waverley Star
# La Joya, New Mexico

La Joya is a census-designated place in Socorro County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located on the east bank of the Rio Grande, 20 miles (32 km) north of Socorro. Its population was 82 as of the 2010 census. La Joya has a post office with ZIP code 87028, which opened on February 28, 1883.

## History

La Joya was settled in 1598 by the Piro Indians, who built a pueblo at the site.

## Education

Its school district is Belén Consolidated Schools. Belén High School is the district's comprehensive high school.
# Dilation theorem

Dilation theorem may refer to:
* Dilation theorem for contraction semigroups
* Sz.-Nagy's dilation theorem
* Stinespring dilation theorem
* Naimark's dilation theorem
# Dilation (operator theory)

In operator theory, a dilation of an operator T on a Hilbert space H is an operator on a larger Hilbert space K, whose restriction to H composed with the orthogonal projection onto H is T.
More formally, let T be a bounded operator on some Hilbert space H, and H be a subspace of a larger Hilbert space H' . A bounded operator V on H' is a dilation of T if
    $P_{H}\;V|_{H}=T$
where $P_{H}$ is an orthogonal projection on H.
V is said to be a unitary dilation (respectively, normal, isometric, etc.) if V is unitary (respectively, normal, isometric, etc.). T is said to be a compression of V. If an operator T has a spectral set $X$, we say that V is a normal boundary dilation or a normal $\partial X$ dilation if V is a normal dilation of T and $\sigma (V)\subseteq \partial X$.
Some texts impose an additional condition. Namely, that a dilation satisfy the following (calculus) property:
    $P_{H}\;f(V)|_{H}=f(T)$
where f(T) is some specified functional calculus (for example, the polynomial or H$^∞$ calculus). The utility of a dilation is that it allows the "lifting" of objects associated to T to the level of V, where the lifted objects may have nicer properties. See, for example, the commutant lifting theorem.

## Applications

We can show that every contraction on Hilbert spaces has a unitary dilation. A possible construction of this dilation is as follows. For a contraction T, the operator
    $D_{T}=(I-T^{*}T)^{\frac {1}{2}}$
is positive, where the continuous functional calculus is used to define the square root. The operator D$_T$ is called the defect operator of T. Let V be the operator on
    $H\oplus H$
defined by the matrix
    $V={\begin{bmatrix}T&D_{T^{*}}\\\ D_{T}&-T^{*}\end{bmatrix}}.$
V is clearly a dilation of T. Also, T(I - T*T) = (I - TT*)T and a limit argument imply
    $TD_{T}=D_{T^{*}}T.$
Using this one can show, by calculating directly, that V is unitary, therefore a unitary dilation of T. This operator V is sometimes called the Julia operator of T.
Notice that when T is a real scalar, say $T=\cos \theta$, we have
    $V={\begin{bmatrix}\cos \theta &\sin \theta \\\ \sin \theta &-\cos \theta \end{bmatrix}}.$
which is just the unitary matrix describing rotation by θ. For this reason, the Julia operator V(T) is sometimes called the elementary rotation of T.
We note here that in the above discussion we have not required the calculus property for a dilation. Indeed, direct calculation shows the Julia operator fails to be a "degree-2" dilation in general, i.e. it need not be true that
    $T^{2}=P_{H}\;V^{2}|_{H}$.
However, it can also be shown that any contraction has a unitary dilation which does have the calculus property above. This is Sz.-Nagy's dilation theorem. More generally, if ${\mathcal {R}}(X)$ is a Dirichlet algebra, any operator T with $X$ as a spectral set will have a normal $\partial X$ dilation with this property. This generalises Sz.-Nagy's dilation theorem as all contractions have the unit disc as a spectral set.
# Lüderitz Reformed Church

The Lüderitz Reformed Church is a congregation of the Reformed Churches in South Africa (GKSA) in southern Namibia. Services are held in three locations, Lüderitz, Aus, and Rosh Pinah.
The congregation was founded on 7 December 1949, spun off of the Bethanie Reformed Church (NGK). Located in one of the driest points of the world, it had a very far-flung membership. Its area included the diamond-crusted Sperrgebiet and included around 15 coastal islands. The capital of the congregation is Lüderitz. Members included karakul farmers, miners, guano harvesters, factory workers, sergeants, railwaymen, and others. The 550 members were so widespread by 1952 that visiting 15 households on the outskirts could entail a 1,400-km journey. At the time, services were also held in Aus, 130 km from the coast, and in Oranjemund, around 300 km from Lüderitz. Oranjemund seceded in 1959, and in 2013 would join the Western and Southern Cape Synod, after which it joined the Namibian Synod.
Eighteen months after the foundation of the congregation the first church in Lüderitz was dedicated on 10 June 1950. The congregation's first pastor was the Rev. P.A.M. Brink, previously with the Bethanie mother church.

## Select pastors

* Philippus Albertus Myburgh Brink, 1950 - 1955
* Dirk Johannes Malan, 1955 - 1958
* Albertus Johannes de Bruyn, 1959 - 1961
* Pierré Herman Bosman, February 18, 1982 - 1985 (then in Keetmanshoop-North)

## Sources

* Phil Olivier (compiler). 1952. Ons gemeentelike feesalbum. Cape Town/Pretoria: N.G. Kerk-Uitgewers.
* Official information from the Dutch Reformed Church in Namibia.
# Guppedantha Prema

Guppedantha Prema (transl. Heart full of Love) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Vinod Lingala. The film stars Sai Ronak, Aditi Singh (Telugu debut) with Aishwarya in a supporting role. Navneeth Sundar composed the film's music. The film released on 17 June 2016 worldwide.

## Cast

* Sai Ronak as Yuv
* Aditi Singh as Sandy
* Aishwarya as Swara
* Abhilash as Raja (Swara's Friend)
* Naveen Neni as Mukesh (Yuv's Friend)
* Anand as Sandy's Father
* Noel Sean as Abhi (Book Reader)
* Shraddhha Pancholie as Sandy's Mother
* Pratheek as Yuv's friend

## Production

Aditi Singh, aged eighteen, made her debut with this film and lost thirty-five kilograms for her role in the film. The film was shot in fifty-eight days in Cherrapunji, Hyderabad, Meghalaya, parts of Northeast India and Shillong.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Navneeth Sundar, who previously composed for the Malayalam film Buddy (2013). A writer from The Hindu wrote that "For ‘Sakhiya Sakhiya’, Navneeth ropes in Vandana Srinivasan, who is absolutely brilliant with her rendition of the gorgeous melody".

## Release

A critic from 123telugu said that "Despite an interesting first 20 minutes in the second half, the film lacks an emotionally engaging narrative and makes the audiences crave for more". A critic from Indiaglitz wrote that "An inspired love story told as a half-baked narration".
# Iodine fluoride

Iodine fluoride may refer to:
* Iodine monofluoride (iodine(I) fluoride), IF
* Iodine trifluoride (iodine(III) fluoride), IF$_3$
* Iodine pentafluoride (iodine(V) fluoride), IF$_5$
* Iodine heptafluoride (iodine(VII) fluoride), IF$_7$
# Hi Gang!

Hi Gang! may refer to:
* Hi Gang! (radio series), a British radio series of the 1940s
* Hi Gang! (film), a 1941 film version
# Le Gaulois

Le Gaulois (French:) was a French daily newspaper, founded in 1868 by Edmond Tarbé and Henry de Pène. After a printing stoppage, it was revived by Arthur Meyer in 1882 with notable collaborators Paul Bourget, Alfred Grévin, Abel Hermant, and Ernest Daudet. Among its many famous contributing editors was Guy de Maupassant. Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera was first published as a serialization in its pages between September 1909 and January 1910.
The paper was taken over by Le Figaro in 1929.
# Lennart Daléus

Lennart Daléus (born 25 June 1946) is a Swedish politician, who was the leader of the Swedish Centre Party from 1998 to 2001.
Born in Stockholm, Daléus was the leader of the Option 3 campaign for the 1980 referendum on nuclear power in Sweden. Following his stint as Centre Party leader, he was the general secretary of Greenpeace Sweden and the CEO of Greenpeace Scandinavia from 2002 until August 2008. In 2006 he disclosed that he was no longer a member of the Centre Party, as he did not believe that his work for Greenpeace was congruent with being active in a political party. He also criticised the party for its decreased interest in environmental issues.
# Lennart Damsbo-Andersen

Lennart Damsbo-Andersen (born 5 October 1956 in Ovsted Parish near Skanderborg) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2007 Danish general election.

## Political career

Damsbo-Andersen's political career began with local politics. He was in the municipal council of Nysted Municipality from 1993 until the municipality was merged with five other municipalities to form Guldborgsund Municipality in 2006. He was a member of the new municipality from 2006 to 2007. From 2002 to 2006 he was the mayor of Nysted Municipality.
Damsbo-Andersen first ran for parliament in the 2007 general election, where he was elected with 5,731 votes. He was reelected in 2011 with 6,662 votes, in 2015 with 5,902 votes and in 2019 with 5,648 votes.
# Leofwine (bishop of Lindsey)

Leofwine was a medieval Bishop of Lindsey.
Leofwine was consecrated about 953 and died sometime after. This was a reconstitution of the see after a break in the succession since the death of Burgheard (or perhaps Eadberht) in the previous century. He combined the see with Dorchester in 956, and afterwards the combined see is usually known as Bishop of Lindsey. It appears to have covered Lindsey and Leicester.

## Citations

* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 219
* 1 2 Kirby Making of Early England p. 92
# Leofwin

Leofwin (or Leofwine; died after 1071) was a medieval Bishop of Lichfield.
Appointed to the see by King Edward the Confessor of England, Leofwin was a monk before becoming a bishop. For a time, he was abbot of the abbey of Coventry as well as bishop, but he was no longer abbot at the time of the Norman Conquest of England. He may have owed his promotion to Lichfield to Leofric, Earl of Mercia and Leofric's family. He was consecrated in 1053, but he went overseas to be consecrated because of the irregular election of Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury. Around 1068, he was the recipient of a writ from King William I of England, which shows that he had accommodated himself to the Conquest. According to the Handbook of British Chronology, he died in 1067, but he continues to appear in documentary evidence, and most historians, such as Frank Barlow, believe that he was deprived of his see in 1070 and died sometime after that. He was a married bishop, and it appears that he was aware that he was unlikely to be allowed to retain his bishopric because of his marital status. He refused to appear at the council held in London on 7 April 1070, despite being summoned to answer charges for his marriage. He was condemned as contumacious in his absence, and a year later he officially resigned his see and retired to Coventry Abbey. The new Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc, had already denounced Leofwin's marriage. Leofwin was a nephew of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. The see of Lichfield remained vacant until 1072, when a successor was appointed.

## Citations

* ↑ Knowles Monastic Order p. 71 footnote 2
* ↑ Knowles Monastic Order p. 111 footnote 4
* ↑ Barlow English Church p. 109 footnote 3
* ↑ Powell and Wallis House of Lords p. 13 footnote 8
* ↑ Powell and Wallis House of Lords p. 14
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 219
* ↑ Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England p. 93
* ↑ Huscroft Ruling England p. 45
* ↑ Powell and Wallis House of Lords p. 34
* 1 2 Douglas William the Conqueror p. 324
* 1 2 Williams English and the Norman Conquest p. 45 footnote 3
* ↑ Whitelock, D. (1986). Councils and Synods, with other documents relating to The English Church (vol. 1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 565.
* ↑ Knowles Monastic Order p. 103
# Leliefontein, South Africa

Leliefontein is a settlement in Namakwa District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
A village in the Kamiesberg Mountains, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Kamieskroon, Leliefontein was established in 1816 by Reverend Barnabas Shaw, an English Wesleyan missionary. The mission was established on a farm awarded to the Namaquas by the Dutch governor Rijk Tulbagh. It is probably named after the many white lilies found in the area.
It was the site of the 1902 Leliefontein massacre, during the final stages of the Second Boer War.
From 1966 till 2016, it was the site of a major helicopter base of the SADF from where two squadrons of attack helicopters and transport helicopters operated, co-located with an Armoured Corps/Tank Battalion base and headquarters. It came under the operational responsibility of the 4th Integrated Division headquartered at Springbok.
# Kajsa

Kajsa is a Swedish feminine given name. Initially, Kajsa, Kaisa or Cajsa was a variation of the name Karin, in turn a variation of the name Katarina (Catherine). It is known in Sweden since 1540. It is also used in Finland and Norway.
Notable people with the name include:
* Halta-Kajsa (1792–1857), Swedish story teller
* Kajsa Bergqvist (born 1976), Swedish high jumper
* Kajsa Bergström (born 1981), Swedish curler
* Kajsa Ekis Ekman (born 1980), Swedish journalist and writer
* Kajsa Ernst (born 1962), Swedish actress
* Kajsa Grytt (born 1961), Swedish musician
* Kajsa Kling (born 1988), Swedish alpine skier
* Kajsa Nilsson (born 1982), Swedish orienteer
* Kajsa Norman (1820–1903), Swedish folk musician
* Kajsa Ollongren (born 1967), Dutch-Swedish politician
* Kajsa Reingardt (born 1957), Swedish actress
* Kaisa Pöyry (1818-1892), Finnish cunning woman and herbalist
* Kajsa Rinaldo Persson (born 1997), Swedish tennis player
* Kajsa Thoor (1971–2023), Swedish journalist and television presenter
* Kajsa Wahlberg, Swedish police official
* Cajsa Wahllund (1771-1843), Swedish-born Finnish restaurateur
* Cajsa Warg (1703-1769), Swedish cookbook author

## Fictional figures

* Kajsa Anka, Swedish name for Daisy Duck
* Ysätters-Kajsa, legendary creature in Swedish folklore
* Kajsa Kavat, story by Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren, named after the main character
# Kajetanów

Kajetanów may refer to the following places:
* Kajetanów, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Kajetanów, Lublin County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Kajetanów, Puławy County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Kajetanów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Kajetanów, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# OM2

OM2 may refer to:
* Olympus OM-2, a camera
* OM2, a type of multi-mode optical fiber
# OUC

The acronym OUC can refer to
* Organization Unit Code (see Organizational Unit)
* Oslo University College, Oslo, Norway
* Okanagan University College, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
* Orlando Utilities Commission, Orlando, Florida, US
* Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
* Otaru University of Commerce, Otaru, Hokkaidō, Japan
* Open University of Cyprus, Lefkosia (Nicosia), Cyprus
* Slang term that stands for "Oh, you see?" the second person form of "Oh, I see."
# Technology-enhanced active learning

Technology-enhanced active learning, or TEAL, is an alternative method of teaching that MIT pioneered. Led by Professor John Belcher, the TEAL approach showed that it was possible to challenge the passive or recitation style of teaching, common in large classes and re-enforced by lecture halls architecture. Despite having excellent math results, many first-year students had not transitioned across to the way lecturers teach and 40% of students dropped out of first year physics education at MIT. The TEAL approach set out to assist students to "visualize, develop better intuition about, and conceptual models" of scientific concepts.

## A situated model for teaching with technology

The TEAL approach, alternately referred to as Studio Physics, eschewed the traditional university lecture, which encouraged passivity. Using a collaborative active learning approach, students would sit in groups of nine around 13 tables, where they were expected to complete problem-solving activities, refer to laptop computers and then project their own solutions on a screen and compare the results with their peers.

## History behind TEAL

The TEAL alternative was based on a pedagogical model that was instituted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute by Jack Wilson in 1994. Since the TEAL approach had a robust assessment component, the implementors were able to understand the students perspective on the learning environment. Class attendance was a key component of the course, and students had to see this as a profitable use of their time.

## Current Use and Future Directions

In 2014 TEAL+x, emerged, a combination between the TEAL format with MITx. The TEAL approach is currently in use at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, North Carolina State University, University of Colorado, Harvard University, and the University of Maryland. The biggest lesson from this model is that robust assessment effort need to accompany educational innovations right from the start, and that all academics need to be inducted into the methodology.
# Ocellularia aptrootiana

Ocellularia aptrootiana is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from Mahailluppallama (Anuradhapura, North Central Province) at an altitude of 170 m (560 ft). Here, in a low-altitude, dry, semi-evergreen forest, it was found growing around a water tank. The specific epithet aptrootiana honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his important contributions to tropical lichenology and his help with the research by the first author". Ocellularia aptrootiana has a grey, smooth to uneven or cracked thallus up to convert 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, contain seven septa, and measure 20–25 by 6–7 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include psoromic acid, subpsoromic acid, and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids.
# Object hierarchy

An object hierarchy is a concept from computer programming. It references descendants of objects acting as properties of an object. An example of this would be the object controlling a window (at the top of the hierarchy) having another object like the window's border acting as a property of the window.