OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karaikella

Karaikella is a village situated at Chaibasa–Ranchi Main Road near Chakradharpur in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## History

Karaikela, once was a pargana within the Porahat estate, spanned an expansive 50 square miles, encompassing as many as 64 villages. The period of 1857-1859 bore witness to a series of conflicts between the Porahat state and the British administration, culminating in the eventual surrender of Raja Arjun Singh, the incumbent ruler of Porahat. Subsequent to his capitulation, Raja Arjun Singh was exiled to Banaras, marking a significant shift in the region's leadership. In the wake of these transformative events, the British authorities recognized the steadfastness of the Raja of the Saraikela state and conferred upon him the stewardship of Karaikela in 1860.
# Rhodes 27

The Rhodes 27 is a sailboat designed by Philip Rhodes and manufactured by different boat builders in USA and Canada in the period 1938–1950. Approximately 40 boats were eventually built. Many of these wooden boats have been partially or fully restored.
The Rhodes 27 is 39 feet 2 inches long, 27 feet on the waterline with a narrow 9’8” beam. All were designed as sloops, and could sleep four, with provision for up to two additional pipe berths in the main cabin.
# Sterculia villosa

Sterculia villosa, the hairy sterculia, or elephant rope tree, known vernacularly as Sardol, Udal, or Udar in Northeast India, is a medium-sized, monoecious tree. A leaf from this plant is characterized by a petiole about 25–40 cm long and by a lamina composed of 5-7-lobes, approximately 20–40 cm long and wide. The leaves are glabrescent on the top but tomentose on the bottom. The elephant rope tree's panicles are about 15–30 cm long, rusty in color and pendulous. Its flowers are unisexual and have pedicels about 4–8 mm long and thread-like bracteoles; the flowers are easily detached and tend to be shed at an early stage. Its seeds are oblong, smooth, and black. It is distributed throughout India and Bangladesh, although it is cultivated elsewhere due to its fast-spreading nature.
Sterculia villosa possesses certain paper-making characteristics. In Northeast India and Bangladesh, the plant's pulp is generally used for making tea boxes and light-weight packing cases, apart from use as fire-wood in certain rural areas.
# Olimpija Rīga

Olimpija Rīga was a Latvian football club based in Riga that played in the Latvian Latvian Higher League from 1992 to 1995.

## History

The club was founded in 1992 as Kompar-Daugava, using the name of the former FK Daugava in addition to the sponsors name of the new club. In the club's first season at Virslīga, they finished in fifth place during its first season in Virslīga. Jurijs Hudjakovs was named the best goalscorer of the club, Dzintars Sproģis was named the best defender in the Latvian league. The same year, Kompar-Daugava also reached the Latvian Football Cup final, losing 1–0 in extra time in the final against Skonto FC.
In 1993, the club was renamed to Olimpija Rīga, after the Riga Olimpija bank, which financed the club. The new government brought serious money to the club which now had one of the best squads in Latvia. In 1993, Olimpija were runners-up, of Virslīga, finishing second behind Skonto FC. Goalkeeper Ēriks Grigjans and midfield Andrejs Štolcers were both nominated the best in the league in their respective positions.
For the 1994 season, Olimpija acquired Latvia national team goalkeeper Oļegs Karavajevs. The club finished in fourth place in the league, but won the Latvian Football Cup, after a 2–0 win against Dag Rīga. In 1995, most of its best players left the club as the bank that sponsored the club was on its way to bankruptcy. In the league, they finished in ninth place from ten teams and after the season, the club became defunct.
In its management over the few seasons of the clubs, existence worked several of the most noted football managers in Latvia including Jānis Skredelis, Aleksandrs Starkovs and Vladimirs Žuks.

## Honours

* Latvian Football Cup: 1
** 1994

## European history

| Season | Cup | Round | Country | Opponent | Result | Ref. |
| 1994–95 | Cup Winners' Cup | Qualifying round | Norway | Bodø/Glimt | 0–6, 0–0 | |
# Saurida microlepis

Saurida microlepis is a species of lizardfish that lives coastal waters throughout the Pacific Ocean.

## Size

The average length of the Saurida microlepis as an unsexed male is about 45 centimeters.

## Habitat

S. microlepis can be found in shallow waters and muddy bottoms.

## Location

S. microlepis can be found in shallow coastal waters along the Pacific coast of Asia, and off the coast of the Pacific Northwest of North America.
# Parotis laceritalis

Parotis laceritalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Taiwan.
It has a wingspan of 44 mm.
# Ion Corvin

Ion Corvin may refer to:
* John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, captain-general and regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (Ion Corvin is a Romanian variant of his name)
* Ion Corvin, Constanța, a commune in Constanţa County, Romania
# Cockernonnie

A cockernonnie or cockernonie was an old Scottish women's hairstyle. It was a gathering up of the hair, after a fashion similar to the modern chignon, and sometimes called a "cock-up". Mr. Kirkton of Edinburgh, preaching against "cock-ups" – of which chignons were the representative in the mid-19th century – said:
    "I have spent all this year preaching against the vanity of women, yet I see my own daughter in the kirk even now, with as high a 'cock-up' as any of you all."

## Etymology of "cock-up"

"Cock-up" is in common usage as another term for "foul-up" in British English. For example, "The Ministry of Defence's programme to make airworthy the eight Chinook Mk3 helicopters, which it acquired in 2001 for special operations work, has been a gold standard cock-up."
The contemporary British English usage of "cock-up" likely derives from the nautical usage of the term to describe an arrangement of the yards of a square-rigged vessel in port, and therefore likely predates the cockernonnie derivation suggested above, square-rigged vessels being in use considerably before most of the Scots references quoted here. It is possible the term has two completely unrelated origins; however, contemporary common usage is more likely to derive from the nautical term, which has an explicit association with foul-up, rather than the Scots term.
Modern folk etymology has sometimes suggested that "cock-up" refers to a male erection, or to the phrase "cacked up", but this is untrue.

## Etymology of "cockernonnie"

John Jamieson was of the opinion that "cockernonnie" signified a snood, or gathering of the hair in a band or fillet. Sir Walter Scott used the term in his novels:
    "But I doubt the daughter's a silly thing: an unco cockernony she had busked up on her head at the kirk last Sunday." (Old Mortality, 1816)
And
    "My gude name! If ony body touched my gude name I would fash neither council nor commissary. I would be down upon them like a sea-falcon among a wheen wild geese, and the best of them that dared to say onything o' Meg Dods, but what was honest and civil, I would soon see if her cockenonie was made o' her ain hair or other folks." (St. Ronan's Well, 1824)
# Paramaxates

Paramaxates is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Oflag XXI-C

Oflag XXI-C was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp for officers (Offizierlager) located in Ostrzeszów in German-occupied Poland. It held mostly Norwegian officers arrested in 1942 and 1943, but also Dutch, Italian, Serbian and Soviet POWs. Originally most Norwegian soldiers and officers had been released after the end of the Norwegian campaign, but as resistance activities increased, the officers were rearrested and sent to POW camps.

## Camp history

The camp was originally established in June 1942 near Skoki 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznań, in what had previously been Oflag XXI-A, opened in September 1940 as a camp for Polish officers.
In March 1943 it was moved to Ostrzeszów (renamed Schildberg during the German occupation) taking over buildings previously used as a camp for wounded and sick British non-commissioned officers and designated Stalag XXI-A. This camp was unique in that it comprised several buildings in the centre of the small town, from which the remaining Polish inhabitants had been removed. These buildings were not adjacent to each other and were surrounded by barbed-wire fences.
In 1944 the Norwegian officers were located as follows: 630 in the Seminary; 290 in the high-school; 100 in the primary school; 80 in the Richter house; 30 in hospital.
There was also a sub-camp (Zweiglager), designated Oflag XXI-C/Z established at Gronówko near Leszno, between September 1943 and January 1945.

### Escapes

The Dutch organized two successful escapes from the camp, most likely in cooperation with the Polish resistance, as two officers escaped on 17 September 1943 and 15 officers and an orderly on 2 November 1943.
Two Norwegian POWs escaped during the evacuation in January 1945 and first hid in an abandoned prison building in Ostrzeszów, and then were received by a local Polish family.

### Liberation

In January 1945 the officers were marched out westward towards Odolanów, finally arriving at Oflag III-A in Luckenwalde, south of Berlin. On 21 January 1945 the Red Army liberated the abandoned camp. On 5 May 1945 the Norwegians were transported east to a camp near Legnica in Silesia, then travelled for several days by train to Hamburg and Aarhus, Denmark, finally arriving in Oslo on 28 May 1945.

## Commemoration

A permanent exhibition devoted to the history of Norwegian POWs of the camp was established in 1996 within the Władysław Golus Regional Museum in Ostrzeszów.
# Rhodes 77

The Rhodes 77 is an American sailboat that was designed by Philip Rhodes as a cruiser and first built in 1947.
The Rhodes 77 design, initially built from steel, was adapted for aluminum construction by McCurdy & Rhodes in the 1980s.

## Production

The design was built by Burger Boat Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States, who built five boats starting in 1947, but it is now out of production.
A single boat was built in aluminum in place of steel in the 1980s after being redesigned for that material by McCurdy & Rhodes.

## Design

The Rhodes 77 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of steel, including a steel superstructure, with wood trim. It has a staysail ketch rig; a spooned, raked stem, a raised counter, angled transom, a rudder controlled by a wheel located in a wheelhouse and a fixed fin keel with a retractable centerboard. It displaces 120,000 lb (54,431 kg) and carries 22,000 lb (9,979 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 13.00 ft (3.96 m) with the centerboard extended and 6.50 ft (1.98 m) with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water. It is fitted with an inboard engine for docking and maneuvering.
The design has a hull speed of 9.94 kn (18.41 km/h).
# Henri Berthoud

Henri Berthoud (14 April 1877 – 3 August 1948) was a Swiss civil servant and member of the Council of States and National Council.
Berthoud was born in Neuchâtel and was the son of Jean-Edouard Berthoud and Georgine Léonie Panier. He was the father of Denise and Raymonde Berthoud, brother-in-law of Louis Perrier, and son-in-law of Louis-Daniel Perrier.
Berthoud studied at the École supérieure de commerce of Neuchâtel along with scientific studies and earned a Ph.D. in chemistry.

## Career

* 1906 : Conseiller général
* 1906–1919 : Conseiller communal of the city of Neuchâtel
* 1906–1908 : Public works secretary
* 1908–1912 : Public works director
* 1915–1919 : Public works director (during which were built the "Collège des Parcs", the "Collège de la Maladière" and the "Hôpital des Cadolles")
* 1912–1915 : Head of the Police
* 1916–1941 : Member of the Council of States
* 1923–1928 : Member of the National Council of Switzerland
* 1931–1947 : Member of the National Council of Switzerland
Berthoud sat on the governing board of the "Conseil d'administration de la Chambre neuchâteloise du commerce et de l'industrie" and was president of the Finance Committee.
# D. exigua

D. exigua may refer to:
* Dalea exigua, a prairie clover
* Delia exigua, a calyptrate muscoid
* Dolichoctis exigua, a ground beetle
* Drimia exigua, a flowering plant
# Scabricola splendidula

Scabricola splendidula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Description

Small shells, about 15 mm. Teleoconch with 6 or 7 whorls. Reddish-brown.

## Distribution

Philippine Islands and the Solomon Islands, 20-183 m.
# Parotis marinata

Parotis marinata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1784. It is found in India (Assam, Darjeeling), Sri Lanka, New Guinea, on the Solomon Islands, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale, Equateur), South Africa (Eastern Cape). and Australia.
The larvae feed on Rauvolfia vomitoria.
# Cohen's Towers

Cohen's Towers is a platform game written by Frank Cohen and released by Datamost in 1983 for Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64. It was re-released in 1986 by Databyte in the United Kingdom.

## Gameplay

In Cohen's Towers the player plays the part of Allen, starting his new job as a mail boy. He has to collect mail parcels one at the time from different floors and deliver them to any of the three available 'mail drops'. To move up and down between the floors the player can use different elevators, but if he stays on one for too long a falling plant pot will knock him off. The player's work is also hindered by a dog pursuing him on most of the floors, or a sleepwalker.
Once the player collected and deposited all the parcels in the building, the Boss shows up and takes him to the next one. There are three different buildings in the game – Fanda, Datamost, and Cohen's Tower – each one harder to complete.

### Music

The game's music is one of the first examples of adaptive music. Different tunes accompany unusual occurrences: a dog chasing the player, a sleepwalker appearance, the Boss checking on the player's work. The main theme is an arrangement of Scott Joplin's "Elite Syncopations".

## Reception

Steve Panak wrote in his column in the 1984 ANALOG Computing holiday issue, "don't even consider buying it. Cohen's Towers gives big business a bad name, and all copies should be piled up and turned into a towering inferno". In a 1985 review for Page 6 Jim Short wrote: "it is an original and highly addictive game with great graphics and even better sound. [...] Cohen's Towers is an excellent little game that I can highly recommend." Lloyd Davies, writing in Ahoy!, praised the "colorful scrolling screens and clever visual effects" and the game's learning curve, calling it "an arcade-quality piece of software."
Writing for InfoWorld in March 1984, Scott Mace called it "one of the most humorous video games ever," joking that: "Now, for every mail clerk, everywhere [...], there's a video game that sums up what a fun job it can be". InfoWorld's Essential Guide to Atari Computers cited it as among the best Datamost arcade games. In the journal Education, Research and Perspectives, Michael Scriven called it a "novelty" game whose "whimsy is central though not oppressive."
# Department of Environment (West Bengal)

Department of Environment is a department in the jurisdiction of the Government of West Bengal. It was established in 1982. The department is headed by a Minister in Charge, with Principal Secretary as administrative head. Their vision is "Building Environment Smart and Climate Change Resilient West Bengal".

## Ministerial team and activities

The activities of the department include:
* Preservation of environment and ecology.
* Prevention and control of pollution of air, water and land.
* Co-ordination between departments and agencies of the State and the Union Government concerned with the policies and schemes relating to environment.
* Acting as the nodal department for climate change related activities in the state of West Bengal.
The current Minister in charge is Somen Mahapatra.
# Sahara Woods State Fish and Wildlife Area

The Sahara Woods State Fish and Wildlife Area is a 4,100-acre (1,700 ha) state park owned and operated by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). It is located in Saline County, five miles west of the small city of Harrisburg.
The fish and wildlife area is made up of former bituminous coal properties strip-mined by the Sahara Coal Company. The park currently consists of approximately 2,300 acres of open space, 1,500 acres of timber and brush, and 275 acres of lakes, ponds, and wetlands. The IDNR describes the topography of the parcel as "a former surface mine which consists of spoil ridges interspersed with timber, grasslands, small ponds and a large lake."
After shutting down the mine in 1993, Sahara Coal donated the land making up the mine to the state of Illinois in 1999. Remediation work continues. The park was partly opened to deer hunters in 2003. As of 2022, the park continues to be managed for hunting purposes, with archery deer, dove, quail, rabbit, squirrel, turkey, and various fur-bearing small game availabilities. Permits and licenses are required. Efforts are being made to redevelop portions of the state tract for off-road vehicle (ORV) recreational use. In November 2017, IDNR announced the successful conclusion of a $1.2 million grant application to assist in the construction of a 26-mile (42 km) ORV trail network. The spoil ridges left behind by the former coal-mining shovels were judged by the United States Department of Transportation to be highly suitable for ORV-oriented redevelopment as part of the nationwide Recreational Trails Program.
# Rhodes 19

The Rhodes 19 is an American trailerable day sailer or sailing dinghy, that was designed by Philip Rhodes as a one-design racer and first built in 1958.
The Rhodes 19 shares the same hull design as the 1962 Mariner 19.

## Production

The design was built by O'Day Corp and later by Stuart Marine in the United States. It remains in production, with 3,200 boats completed.

## Design

The Rhodes 19 traces its lineage to the 1945 Hurricane 19 sailboat design. The Hurricane 19 was constructed of moulded plywood, had an open cockpit and was initially built by the Allied Aviation Corporation. Another boat builder, Palmer Scott, purchased some incomplete Hurricane hulls and modified them with a foredeck, a cuddy cabin and a fixed keel, marketing the resultant boat as the Smyrna. Marscot Plastics used one of the wooden Smyrnas as a plug to build a mold from and created a fiberglass version, which became the Rhodes 19.
The Rhodes 19 is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, including an optional tapered mast. The hull has a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel or centerboard.
The design has sleeping accommodation for two people in the cuddy cabin and includes a built-in icebox.
For sailing the design has cockpit space for six to eight people. It is equipped with a stern-mounted mainsheet traveler, adjustable jib leads and foam flotation for safety.
Factory options included a boom tent, boom vang, Cunningham, cockpit bailers, whisker pole and a spinnaker of 326 sq ft (30.3 m$^2$).

## Variants
### Rhodes 19

    This keelboat model displaces 1,325 lb (601 kg) and carries 428 lb (194 kg) of iron ballast. The boat has a draft of 3.25 ft (0.99 m) with the standard keel fitted. The boat has a Portsmouth Yardstick DP-N racing average handicap of 99.0. The fixed keel Rhodes 19 is the only variant used for class racing.

### Rhodes 19 CB

    This centerboard sailing dinghy model displaces 1,030 lb (467 kg) and carries no ballast. The rudder is a "kick-up" design. The boat has a draft of 4.92 ft (1.50 m) with the centerboard down and 10 in (25 cm) with it retracted. The boat has a Portsmouth DP-N racing average handicap of 97.4.

## Operational history

The boat has an active class club, the Rhodes 19 Class Association, that organizes racing.
In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "a Sail magazine 'breakthrough boat' with tremendous influence upon sailing, the Rhodes 19 is the first popular day sailer. Centerboard and keel versions are available, with the former found mostly on lakes and the latter in coastal waters ... The 19 is actively raced."
# Henri Bertin

Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin (born 24 March 1720, Périgueux; died 16 September 1792, Spa, Belgium) was a French statesman, and controller general of finances of Louis XV (1759–1763).

## Biography

In 1741, he was a lawyer in Bordeaux, and then advise the Grand Council president, comptroller of Roussillon (1749) and Lyon (1754) before being named lieutenant general of police of Paris (1757–1759).
He agreed in 1759 to become controller general of finance on the grounds that France was at war and finance was easier in times of war because all expedients are then allowed. But he warned Louis XV that he would resign once peace returned, which he did in 1763. He created the Land Registry to enable a better distribution of taxes. But his reforms were met with hostility from the parliament of Paris.
He then received, on 14 December 1763, a secretariat of State composed strangely detached from the overall control of Finance, whose duties included: the East India Company, manufactures of cotton and painted canvas, the stud and veterinary schools, agriculture and corporate agriculture, mining, inland waterways, canals, public carriages, cabs and couriers, taxi, small items, deposits and collections of charters, lotteries, the exchange of Principality of Dombes, and, like other secretaries of state, grants, pensions, patents and shipments depending on the department. This fairly extensive, included Guienne, Normandy, Champagne, the principality of Dombes, the Lyons, the Berry Islands France and Bourbon and all institutions of the East India Company.
Faced with the encroachment of the general control of finances, Bertin abandoned in 1764 the East India Company and the manufacture of painted cotton cloth, and in 1775 the coaches and express to Turgot. He however managed to keep the mines, through the abandonment of navigation to the superintendent of finance in charge of bridges and causeways. There was attributed to great difficulty in 1773 issues related to the clearing of communal property.
Bertin was one of the architects of the renovation of Agriculture, and the creator of the Veterinary School of Lyon. Fascinated by China, he allowed two young Chinese Catholics to spend several years of study in France, and then returning to China, and receiving a pension from King Louis XVI. Bertin supported the Jesuit mission to the Emperor of China (fathers Bourgeois and Amiot). Vergennes did not follow his recommendations, which is unfortunate, because China was the natural complement of trade with India, which the British understood very well in the crucial years between 1778 and 1785.
Bertin emigrated in 1791. He was an honorary member of the French Academy of Sciences (1761) and the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1772).
Political offices :
| Preceded byEmmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon | Minister of Foreign Affairs 2 June 1774 – 21 July 1774 | Succeeded byCharles Gravier, comte de Vergennes |
| Preceded byÉtienne de Silhouette | Controllers-General of Finances 23 November 1759 – 14 December 1763 | Succeeded byClément Charles François de Laverdy |
# Scalibregma

Scalibregma is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Scalibregmatidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Scalibregma abyssorum Hansen, 1879
* Scalibregma australis Blake, 2015
* Scalibregma californicum Blake, 2000
* Scalibregma celticum Mackie, 1991
* Scalibregma hanseni Bakken, Oug & Kongsrud, 2014
* Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843
* Scalibregma robustum Zachs, 1923
* Scalibregma stenocerum (Bertelsen & Weston, 1980)
* Scalibregma wireni Furreg, 1925