OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reinhard Mecke

Reinhard Mecke (born 14 July 1895 in Stettin; died 30 December 1969) was a German physicist, who focused on chemical physics. He was one of the pioneers of infrared spectroscopy.
Reinhard Mecke studied from 1913 mathematics and physics at the universities of Freiburg, Bern and Marburg and did his doctorate at Franz Richarz in Marburg in 1920 on halos in homogeneous nebulas. He then worked for Heinrich Konen at the university of Bonn, where he habilitated in 1923 on spectral bands of jod and where he became a privatdozent. 1927 he married one of his PhD students M. Guillery and had with her nine children including Dieter Mecke.
1932 he became extraordinary professor for chemical physics at the University of Heidelberg, as proposed by Max Trautz. He investigated spectral bands of evaporated water and infrared and Raman spectroscopy of small organic molecules. He proved the existence of the spin onto rotary oscillation spectra of molecules. 1937 he became professor for theoretical physics at the university of Freiburg and investigated there hydrogen bonds by infrared spectroscopy. 1942 he became ordinary professor and director of the Institute for Physical Chemistry. Additionally, he was in 1958 the founder and until 1968 the director of the Institute for electric materials (Institut für Elektrowerkstoffe) of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the head of the Institute for Physical Chemistry. 1963 he retired in Freiburg.
1964 he became member of the Leopoldina. 1965 he received the Bunsen medal. He was co-author of the Handbuch der Physik by Geiger and Scheel. His article Vorlesungstechnik with Anton Lambertz of the first volume was also published as a book. He was one of the organisers of the Conferences of nobel laureates in Lindau.

## Literature

* W. Lüttke; G. A. A. Nonnenmacher (1995), "Reinhard Mecke (1895 – 1969): Scientific work and personality", Nachruf, Journal of Molecular Structure (in German), vol. 347, pp. 1–17, Bibcode:1995JMoSt.347....1L, doi:10.1016/0022-2860(95)08532-Z
* W. A. P. Luck (1970), "Reinhard Mecke 14.7.1895 30.12.1969", Nachruf, Physikalische Blätter (in German), vol. 26, no. 2, p. 84, doi:10.1002/phbl.19700260207
# Fernando Casós Flores

Fernando Casós Flores (Trujillo; 1828 – Lima; 1881) was a Peruvian politician and writer. He played an important role in the coup d'état against José Balta in 1872, serving as Secretary General of the country during the short presidency of Tomás Gutiérrez. After the violent events of July 26 and 27, Casós resigned and sought refuge in France's diplomatic mission, later emigrating to Chile where he defended his actions through his book, Defensa de Fernando Casós.
# HMAS Geelong (FCPB 215)

HMAS Geelong (FCPB 215), named for the city of Geelong, was a Fremantle-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

## Design and construction

Starting in the late 1960s, planning began for a new class of patrol boat to replace the Attack class, with designs calling for improved seakeeping capability, and updated weapons and equipment. The Fremantles had a full load displacement of 220 tonnes (220 long tons; 240 short tons), were 137.6 feet (41.9 m) long overall, had a beam of 24.25 feet (7.39 m), and a maximum draught of 5.75 feet (1.75 m). Main propulsion machinery consisted of two MTU series 538 diesel engines, which supplied 3,200 shaft horsepower (2,400 kW) to the two propeller shafts. Exhaust was not expelled through a funnel, like most ships, but through vents below the waterline. The patrol boat could reach a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), and had a maximum range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). The ship's company consisted of 22 personnel. Each patrol boat was armed with a single Bofors 40mm gun as main armament, supplemented by two .50 cal Browning machineguns and an 81 mm mortar, although the mortar was removed from all ships sometime after 1988. The main weapon was originally to have been two 30-mm guns on a twin-mount, but the reconditioned Bofors were selected to keep costs down; provision was made to install an updated weapon later in the class' service life, but this did not eventuate.
Geelong was laid down by NQEA in Cairns, Queensland on 15 November 1982, launched on 14 April 1984, and commissioned into the RAN on 2 June 1984.

## Fate

Geelong was decommissioned at HMAS Coonawarra on 8 July 2006. The patrol boat was broken up for scrap in Darwin during 2006 and 2007, at a cost of $450,000 to the Australian government.

## Citations

* ↑ Mitchell, Farewell to the Fremantle class, p. 105
* 1 2 3 4 5 Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, p. 89
* 1 2 Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, p. 88
* ↑ Jones, in Stevens, The Royal Australian Navy, p. 222
* ↑ Moore, Jane's Fighting Ships 1985–86, p. 26
* 1 2 Royal Australian Navy, HMAS Geelong (II)
* ↑ Australian National Audit Office (5 February 2015), Management of the Disposal of Specialist Military Equipment (Report), Government of Australia, p. 62, retrieved 24 April 2015
# Natu Nagar

Natu Nagar is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 602 residents in the village. Natu Nagar's geographical area is approximately 88 hectares (220 acres).
# German submarine U-134

U-134 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-134, a Type U 127 submarine laid down during the First World War but unfinished at the end of the war; broken up incomplete 1919–20
** During the First World War, Germany also had this submarine with a similar name:
*** SM UB-134, a Type UB III submarine ordered in 1917 but not completed by the end of the war
* German submarine U-134 (1941) was a submarine built in 1941, for service in the Second World War, and sunk in 1943.
# Muhammad ibn Abdallah

Muhammad ibn Abdallah can refer to following people sharing this name:
* Al-Mahdi (745–785), the powerful Abbasid caliph of the Arab Caliphate from 775 to 785
* Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Saffah, the son of Abbasid caliph al-Saffah
* Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya (d. 762), a descendant of Muhammad and a political figure in the early Islamic period
* Muhammad ibn al-Ma'mun, the son of Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun and princess Umm Isa
* Muhammad ibn al-Mustakfi, (d. 970s) the 10th-century Abbasid prince and politician
* Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im, also known as Muhammad Dhakirat, the 11th-century Abbasid prince, son of caliph al-Qa'im and father of caliph al-Muqtadi
* Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Mustaʿsim (possibly died 1258), the thirteenth century Abbasid prince and son of last Abbasid caliph al-Musta'sim
* Mohammed ben Abdallah (d. 1790; also spelled "Mohammed ben Abdallah"), sultan of Morocco between 1757 and 1790
# Hurricane (Lifehouse song)

"Hurricane" is a 2015 song by American multi-platinum alternative rock band Lifehouse. It served as the lead radio single off the band's seventh studio album Out of the Wasteland. The song is the first radio single released by the band since "Between the Raindrops" in September 2012 and their subsequent hiatus. It is also the first radio single released by the band under the independent label Ironworks Music.

## Background and release

Recorded in mid-2014, Lifehouse lead singer Jason Wade cowrote the track with producer and manager Jude Cole; it marks the fifth consecutive Lifehouse single cowritten with Cole. Produced by the band, Cole, and former Lifehouse guitar tech Chris "Winnie" Murguia, the song made its radio debut on January 18, 2015, and was released worldwide for digital purchase January 27, 2015. The band partnered with iTunes US for their "single of the week" promotion, allowing free legal download of the song for seven days after its release. The first live performance of the song was recorded for iHeart Radio on January 20.

## Composition and critical reception

Hurricane is an uptempo pop rock song. It features electric guitars, electric bass, rock drums, and synthesizers. Wade said of the track, "'Hurricane' started as a catchy up-tempo pop song and then transformed into this electric, energetic rock song that was very reminiscent of our first album...I feel like it is the backbone of the record, and was the catalyst that brought our band back around full circle". At 3:09, it is the shortest single released by the band to date.

## Music video

Background
A music video was filmed on December 20, 2014; directed by Thomas Kirk with Matt Hayslett as the cinematographer, it was unveiled by Billboard.com alongside the song. According to Wade, "[t]he video depicts two people working out their problems in a scene of chaos, which takes place in a prison. A fitting setting since the song is about a refusal to give up on someone no matter how turbulent life can get sometimes."
Synopsis
The video begins with the band playing the song in a jail cell, as a woman is walked through the jail to the interrogation room. After arguing with her lover, a police officer moves them to a jail cell adjacent to the band's, where they begin to fight. As an inmate locks an officer to a cell, all cell doors are unlocked and opened, and the inmates begin to escape, ravaging through file cabinets and destroying their files. Officers attempt to stop them, while the two lovers calm down and embrace in their cell.

## Credits and personnel

* Songwriting - Jason Wade, Jude Cole
* Production - Jude Cole, Lifehouse, Chris Murguia

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| US Adult Contemporary (Mediabase) | 27 |
| US Hot Adult Contemporary (Mediabase) | 30 |
| US Adult Pop Songs (Billboard) | 31 |
# Jagdstaffel 38

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 38, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 38, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 17 aerial victories during the war. The squadron's victories came at the expense of four losses, including one killed in action, one injured in a flying accident, and one wounded in action.

## History

Jasta 38 was founded at Hudova, Macedonia on 30 June 1917. It drew its original personnel from Kampfgeschwader (tactical bomber wing) 1, Flieger-Abteilung (Flier Detachment) 30, and Jasta Vardar. The new squadron scored its first aerial victory on 29 October 1917.

## Commanding officers (Staffelführer)

* Rudolf Bohm: 1 July 1917
* Kurt Grasshoff: 6 November 1917
* Fritz Thiede: ca 12 June 1918

## Duty stations

* Hudova, Macedonia

## Notable personnel

Although the unit produced no flying aces on its own, commanders Kurt Grasshoff and Fritz Thiede were decorated aces.
# FEFF (disambiguation)

U+FEFF is a Unicode character with two meanings:
* Byte order mark, previously used as zero-width no-break space
* Word joiner, Unicode character U+2060, a replacement for U+FEFF
FEFF may also refer to:
* Bangui M'Poko International Airport, an airport in Central African Republic with the airport code FEFF.
* FEFF (software), a program used in X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
# Gordon Cooke

Gordon Cooke (born 24 July 1975) is a former Irish cricketer, from Derry, Northern Ireland. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 66 times for the Irish cricket team between 1994 and 2005.
He made his debut for Ireland on 11 June 1994, playing against Scotland in a first-class match. He played for Ireland in five more matches that year, and two matches in 1995 before being absent from the Irish team for two years. He returned to the team in May 1997 and remained an almost constant presence in the side until the European Championship in 2000, which was to be his last game for Ireland until 2004, when he returned in that year's European Championship tournament. His last games for Ireland came in the 2005 ICC Trophy, playing in the final as Ireland lost to Scotland. He has now retired from cricket.
Of his 66 matches for Ireland, five had first-class status and 18 had List A status. His other three List A matches were for Northern Ireland as part of the cricket tournament at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
# HMS Wasp

Nine ships and one shore establishment of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Wasp, with one other government vessel using the name:

## Ships

* HMS Wasp (1749) was an 8-gun sloop launched in 1749. She was sold in 1781. In 1782 she became the mercantile Polly, and then in 1784 she became the slave ship Mentor. The French captured Mentor circa 1795.
* HMS Wasp (1782) was purchased on the stocks as a 14-gun sloop, converted to a fireship in 1798, and expended in July 1800 in the operation to capture the French frigate Désirée.
* Wasp was a gunboat at the Siege of Toulon (1793). She may have been a tartane that the French Navy had acquired at Toulon earlier that year.
* HMS Wasp (1794) was a 4-gun gunvessel purchased in 1794 from the Dutch. She was sold in 1802.
* HMS Wasp (1800) was originally the French 14-gun sloop Guepe, launched in 1798 and captured in 1800. The Navy sold her in 1811.
* HMS Wasp (1812) was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1812. She was broken up in 1847.
* HMS Wasp (1850) was an Archer-class wooden screw sloop launched in 1850. She was sold in 1869.
* HMS Wasp (1880) was a Banterer-class composite screw gunboat launched in 1880. She was wrecked in 1884 and finally sold in 1910.
* HMS Wasp (1886) was a Bramble-class composite screw gunboat launched in 1886. She foundered 1887 after leaving Singapore.

## Shore establishments

* HMS Wasp (stone frigate) was a Coastal Forces shore establishment at Dover during World War II

## Other vessels

* Torpedo Boat No. 191 was a second-class spar torpedo boat launched in 1883 by Thornycroft for Tasmanian service, arriving in Hobart on SS Abington on 1 May 1884. Called Wasp by her builders, she was referred to only by the number TB 1 when in service. She was transferred to South Australia in 1905, being towed behind Protector, and sold in 1917.
* Wasp was one of two schooners built at Calcutta for the Bengal Government in 1799. She served for three years in the Red Sea before being turned over to the government in Bombay. The other may have been Fury. They both supported General Baird's expedition to Egypt to help General Ralph Abercromby expel the French there.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield (2008), p. 278.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 95.
* ↑ Royal Navy Coastal Forces 1940-1945
* ↑ Phipps (1840), p. 15.
* ↑ Asiatic Annual Register... (1805) Vol, 7, pp.145-149.
# Pinhole (optics)

A pinhole is a small circular hole, as could be made with the point of a pin. In optics, pinholes with diameter between a few micrometers and a hundred micrometers are used as apertures in optical systems. Pinholes are commonly used to spatially filter a beam (such as a laser beam), where the small pinhole acts as a low-pass filter for spatial frequencies in the image plane of the beam.
A small pinhole can act as a lens, focusing light. This effect is used in pinhole cameras and camera obscura, and in solarigraphy. This effect is also used in pinhole occluders, which are used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists, and optometrists to test visual acuity. The same principle has also been applied as an alternative to corrective lenses: a screen of pinholes is mounted on an eyeglass frame and worn as pinhole glasses.
Besides pinholes made by the point of a pin, precision commercial pinholes are often made by laser drilling through a thin foil.
# Natty Universal Dread 1973–1979

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| Entertainment Weekly | A |
Natty Universal Dread 1973–1979 is a 3-CD-Box-set by Big Youth, released in 2001.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Manley Buchanan; except where indicated

### CD1: Hot Stock 1973

* "Chucky No Lucky"
* "Waterhouse Rock"
* "Hot Cross Bun"
* "Roll River Jordan" (Sugar Minott)
* "Children Children"
* "Mr. Buddy"
* "Hot Stock"
* "Downtown Kingston Pollution"
* "Hell Is for Heroes"
* "African Daughter"
* "Things in the Light"
* "Sky Juice"
* "Not Long Ago"
* "Is Dread in a Babylon"
* "I Pray Thee Continually"
* "Streets in Africa"

### CD2: Reggae Phenomenon 1973–1975

* "Give Praises"
* "Mama Look"
* "Reggae Phenomenon"
* "Battle of the Giants, Part 1"
* "Battle of the Giants, Part 2"
* "Plead I Cause"
* "Hip Ki Do"
* "Riverton City2
* "Love and Happiness" (Al Green, Mabon "Teenie" Hodges)
* "Weeping in the Night (Joy in the Morning)"
* "Every Nigger Is a Star"
* "My Time" (Buchanan, Gregory Isaacs)
* "Natty Universal Dread"
* "Jim Screechy"

### CD3: Hotter Fire 1975–1979

* "Messiah Garvey" (Extended)
* "Wolf In Sheep Clothing" (Version 1)
* "Wolf In Sheep Clothing" (Version 2)
* "Keep Your Dread" (Phil Pratt)
* "I Light and I Salvation"
* "Hit the Road Jack" (Percy Mayfield)
* Leroy Smart & Big Youth – "Keep On Trying"
* "Jah Man of Syreen"
* "Dread High Ranking"
* "Hotter Fire"
* "Miss Lou Ring a Ding"
* "Same Something"
* "Dread Is the Best"
* "Ten Against One"
* "River Boat"
* Junior Byles & Big Youth – "Sugar, Sugar" (Chuck Willis, Andy Kim, Jeff Barry)
* "The Wise Sheep"
* "Jah Jah Love Them" (Extended)
* "The Upful One"
* "Can't Take Wah Happen on a West"
* "Political Confusion"

## Personnel

* Big Youth – Main Performer, Vocals, Percussion
* Musicians – Soul Syndicate, Big Youth Orchestra, Negusa Nagast All Stars, The Ark Angels
* Bass – George "Fully" Fullwood, Jackie Jackson
* Drums – Carlton "Santa" Davis
* Rhythm Guitar – Tony Chin
* Lead Guitar – Earl "Chinna" Smith as Mmelchezidek
* Keyboard – Keith McLeod, Earl "Wire" Lindo
* Piano – Keith Sterling
* Trombone – Vin Gordon
* Alto Saxophone – "Deadly" Headley Bennett, Herman Marquis
* Tenor Saxophone – Glen DaCosta
* Trumpet – David Madden, Arnold Brackenridge, Bobby Ellis
* Harmonica – Jimmy Becker
* Percussion – Noel "Skully" Simms, Keith Sterling, Sylvan Morris, Uziah "Sticky" Thompson, Big Youth
* Backing Vocals – Barry Llewellyn, Earl Morgan, Leroy Sibbles, I Threes, Gregory Isaacs, Garnett Mirriam

## Recording Information

* Recording: Harry J Studio, Kingston, Jamaica & Joe Gibbs Studio, Kingston, Jamaica & Randy's, Kingston, Jamaica

## Other information

All tracks produced by Manley Augustus Buchanan aka Big Youth except:
* CD1, tracks 1 & 2 produced by Joel Gibson
* CD3, track 1 produced by Jimmy Lindo
* CD3, track 4 produced by Phil Pratt
# Hoàng Tích Chù

Hoàng Tích Chù (Từ Sơn; 1912 in Bắc Ninh – 20 October 2003) was a Vietnamese painter.
# Ewn Garabandal

Ewn Garabandal (born 29 May 1978) is a Lombard novelist, best known for his novel "Feha Gìbuss e il Libro della Profezia" (Feha Gìbuss and the Book of Prophecy), a fantasy book about angels and demons, originally published in hardcover in 2007 (Mursia, Milan).

## Biography

Ewn Garabandal is a pen name used by Fabio Ghezzi, an Italian writer, journalist and designer born in Monza in 1978. He graduated at San Giuseppe Institute from Monza with a major in Arts. From 1995 to 1998 he collaborated with the local newspaper from Monza, the "Cittadino". From 1997 to 2004 he collaborated with the "Gruppo Netweek" journals writing the Sports column. Since 1997 he has been enrolled in the Lombardy journalist register. In the late 90s he moved to London and worked as a bartender. In 2004 he graduated in Industrial Design at the Politechincs of Milano II Bovisa, with the highest grades of 110/110. In August 2007 he experienced the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage starting from Saint Jean-Pie-De-Port and walking for 780 km, as to follow the primary path.

## Publication history

In 2007 Garabandal (under the pseudonym of Ewn Garaban) made his debut with the editor Ugo Mursia from Milan with the fantasy novel entitled "Feha Gìbuss e il Libro della Profezia". In April 2009 the black novel named "Cadde l'Angelo" was published, still for those of Mursia. In 2009 he also completed the first draft of his third novel, which was temporary entitled "MM", and was working on two other projects.
# Hunter 25.5

The Hunter 25.5 is an American sailboat that was designed by Cortland Steck and first built in 1984.

## Production

The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States between 1984 and 1987, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Hunter 25.5 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 4,500 lb (2,041 kg) and carries 1,600 lb (726 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 4.50 ft (1.37 m) with the standard keel and 3.33 ft (1.01 m) with the optional shoal draft wing keel.
The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.
The fin keel version of the design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 210 with a high of 204 and low of 231. The wing keel version has a PHRF racing average handicap of 213 with a high of 198 and low of 234. It has a hull speed of 6.3 kn (11.67 km/h).
# Rejectionism

Rejectionism or rejectionist may refer to:
* A policy or attitude of rejection of something
* Rejectionists, Iraqi insurgent group
* Rejectionist Front, Palestinian political coalition
* Rejectionist (Philippines), a faction that split from the Communist Party of the Philippines
* Rafida, an Islamic term, "those who reject"
* Epistemic rejectionism, a philosophical position
# Goldstone (band)

Goldstone are a British contemporary girl group formed in 2013, consisting of three members from music and stage backgrounds: Aimie Atkinson (creative director), Helen Wint, and Rhiannnon Porter. Aimie and Helen met whilst with the Dirty Dancing theatre show and formed the group through their love of pop music.

## Career
### 2018: Eurovision: You Decide

Goldstone were 2018 contestants in Eurovision: You Decide, in a bid to represent the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. This was the result of three months of auditions at the BBC's London headquarters, which whittled the contestants down to six finalists.
They performed their pop song, "I Feel The Love" by Eric Lumiere, Joakim Buddee, Laura White and Roel Rats but in the end they lost to SuRie. Despite this, the band members were upbeat and positive about the experience performing at the event.

### 2018: Voice of Astana winners

Goldstone were 2018 winners of The Voice of Astana, held in Kazakhstan.

## Other endeavours

In 2017, Atkinson played Katherine Howard in the Original West End cast of SIX the musical in 2019 and would go on to form a seven piece girl group called SVN in 2021 with six other members of this cast: Millie O'Connell, Natalie May Paris, Alexia McIntosh, Jarnéia Richard-Noel, Maiya Quansah-Breed, and their original dance captain, Grace Mouat. In 2022, the group released a number of singles such as "Woman" and "Free". In 2020, she dominated the West End with the main role of Vivian Ward in the UK production of Pretty Woman: The Musical. Despite all this, Aimie continues to remain close to her Goldstone band members.
# I Wouldn't Change You If I Could

"I Wouldn't Change You If I Could" is a song originally recorded by country singer Jim Eanes in 1959 and credited to himself as songwriter. It was later more successfully recorded by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs. It was released in January 1983 as the second single from the album Highways & Heartaches. The song was Skaggs' fourth #1 on the country chart. The single stayed at #1 for one week and spent a total of 12 weeks on the country chart.
The song was actually written by Arthur Q. Smith and purportedly sold to Eanes, as Smith had sold him many of his songs. Smith also sold a 1/2 share of the song to Paul H. Jones, and retained the other half. When Skaggs' recording came out it was initially credited to Eanes, but once it became a hit, Smith's widow, Lillian Pritchett, sued the publisher. As Eanes couldn't show proof he had purchased the song, the song credits were transferred out of Eanes' name over to Smith's estate and Jones. Eanes went to his grave attesting that he actually wrote the song.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1983) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 13 |