OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jesús Ledesma Aguilar

Jesús Ledesma Aguilar (November 28, 1963 – May 24, 2006) was a Mexican national who became the 365th person executed by the U.S. state of Texas. His execution sparked an international incident between the United States and Mexico, which led to a lawsuit filed by Mexico against the United States in the International Court of Justice, in which the court found that Texas prison officials had denied Aguilar his right to see a Mexican consular official as specified in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

## Crimes

Aguilar was convicted by a Texas court of murdering two people, Leonardo Chavez and Annette Chavez, on June 10, 1995, with a handgun and sentenced to death on July 5, 1995. He did not know his victims. The couple's son said he witnessed the murders and testified against Aguilar at trial. Aguilar filed numerous appeals and requests for stays of execution, all of which were denied. He was executed on May 24, 2006 at 6:32 p.m. CST by lethal injection, despite his continued claims of innocence and protests by the government of Mexico that he was denied his right under the Geneva Conventions to a visit by a Mexican consular official. Aguilar's nephew and co-defendant Christopher Quiroz was sentenced to life for his role in the crime.
The ICJ found that the United States "has breached its obligations to Mr. Avena and 50 other Mexican nationals and to Mexico under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations." As a result of the court's ruling, Texas officials now provide official notification to the Mexican government if a Mexican national is arrested and incarcerated in a Texas jail, and allow consular officials to visit Mexican nationals in prison.

## Incarceration and execution

Aguilar, Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ)# 999191, was received by the prison system on May 13, 1996. Ledesma was initially located in the Ellis Unit, but was transferred to the Allan B. Polunsky Unit (formerly the Terrell Unit) in 1999. Put to death at Huntsville Unit, he was executed on May 24, 2006.
# Hørdum stone

The Hørdum stone is a Viking Age picture stone discovered in Hørdum, Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region, Denmark, that depicts a legend from Norse mythology involving the god Thor and Jörmungandr, the Midgard serpent.

## Description

The Hørdum stone was discovered in 1954 during trench work adjacent to the church in Hørdum. Before the historical significance of runestones and picture stones was understood, they were often reused as materials in the construction of roads, bridges, walls, and buildings. The image on the stone illustrates a legend recorded in the Hymiskviða of the Poetic Edda, in which the Norse god Thor fishes for Jörmungandr, the Midgard serpent. Thor goes fishing with the jötunn Hymir using an ox head for bait, and catches Jörmungandr, who then either breaks loose or, as told in the Gylfaginning of the Prose Edda, the line is cut loose by Hymir. The Prose Edda provides the additional detail that while Thor was pulling on the line with Jörmungandr on the hook, his feet went through the bottom of the boat. The image on the Hørdum stone shows Hymir, Thor, his fishing line and a portion of the serpent. Thor's foot has been pushed through the hull of the boat. The ox head bait is not shown, but may have been on a section of the image that has been worn away. Hymir is depicted holding a tool, apparently in preparation to cut the fishing line, consistent with the version of the myth told in the Gylfaginning. It has also been suggested that an image of the head of the serpent can be seen in the natural fracture edges of the stone under the boat.
This encounter between Thor and Jörmungandr seems to have been one of the most popular motifs in Norse art. Three other picture stones that have been linked with the myth are the Ardre VIII image stone, the Altuna Runestone, and the Gosforth Cross. A stone slab that may be a portion of a second cross at Gosforth also shows a fishing scene using an ox head for bait. Several other Scandinavian runic inscriptions from the Viking Age depict ships but not this myth, including DR 77 in Hjermind, DR 119 in Spentrup, DR 220 in Sønder Kirkeby, DR 258 in Bösarp, DR 271 in Tullstorp, DR 328 in Holmby, DR EM85;523 in Farsø, Ög 181 in Ledberg, Ög 224 in Stratomta, Ög MÖLM1960;230 in Törnevalla, Sö 122 in Skresta, Sö 154 in Skarpåker, Sö 158 in Österberga, Sö 164 in Spånga, Sö 351 in Överjärna, Sö 352 in Linga, Vg 51 in Husaby, U 370 in Herresta, U 979 in Gamla Uppsala, U 1052 in Axlunda, and Vs 17 in Råby. Two other stones, the Långtora kyrka stone and U 1001 in Rasbo, depict ships but currently do not have any runes on them and may never have had any.
The Hørdum stone is currently on display in the church in Hørdum.
# Maytal Caspary Toroker

Maytal Caspary Toroker is an associate professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. She is recognized for her significant contributions in the field of computational materials science, particularly in its applications to catalysis, charge transport, and energy conversion devices.

## Early life and education

Maytal was born in Israel in a Jewish family. She completed her BA degree in molecular biochemistry (2004) from the Department of Chemistry at Technion. Later, she pursued her direct Ph.D. (2009) from the same department.

## Research and career

After receiving her Ph.D., she started working with Prof. Emily A. Carter at Princeton University during the period of 2010–13, funded by the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship from the European Union. In 2013, she joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, as an assistant professor, and she is currently working as an associate professor.
Her research at Technion mainly involves development of density functional theory (DFT) and its application. She has extensively worked on developing a method for charge transport calculation through heterostructures using wave propagation method. Her research on doped NiOOH (Nickel oxy-hydroxide) has explained the reason for the material's remarkable success in the oxygen evolution reaction. Her results show that it is the iron's ability to change its oxidation state that facilitates oxygen evolution. This work was published in the journal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics and was featured on the front cover of Issue 11, 2017. She has also conducted research on transition metal oxides for their applications as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. She developed a method to calculate the band edge positions using first principles quantum mechanics calculations. These band edge positions play a crucial role in determining the suitability of these materials for various applications. Apart from this, she also works on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for their application in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
Currently she is the chair of European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action on Computational materials sciences for efficient water splitting with nanocrystals from abundant elements. She is in the editorial advisory board of the journal Advanced Theory and Simulation, Wiley

## Awards and honours

* Alexander Goldberg Research Prize (2021)
* L’Oréal-Unesco-Israel Award (2010)
* New England Fund (2009)
# Jennifer Prescher

Jennifer Ann Prescher is an American chemist who is a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. Her research considers the development of bioorthogonal, bioluminescent tools for the noninvasive, real-time imaging of immunometabolism. She was recognized with the 2023 American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award.

## Early life and education

Prescher was an undergraduate in chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. She moved to California as a doctoral researcher, and was appointed to the University of California, Berkeley as a Howard Hughes Medical Institute predoctoral fellow, where she worked with Carolyn Bertozzi on glycosylation. She developed a strategy to visualize the glycosylation process, which allowed for the design and development of novel diagnostics. The strategy relied upon the use of bioorthogonal chemistries. Specifically, she showed that it was possible to incorporate metabolic precursor sugars with specific chemical functionalities into target glycans. For example, biologically inert azides can be incorporated into glycans and chemically modified with exogenously delivered probes.

## Research and career

In 2008, she joined Stanford University as a Susan Komen postdoctoral fellow. Prescher joined the University of California, Irvine in 2010, and was made a full professor in 2018. Her early work looked to design imaging techniques to better understand cell movements and metastatic disease. She worked on bioluminescent tools; tools which luminesce when they come into close proximity to cancer cells. She called the technique a biological flashlight, or phasor.

## Awards and honors

* 2014 Kavli Fellow
* 2014 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
* 2015 Sloan Research Fellowship
* 2015 Novartis early career award in organic chemistry
* 2016 Thieme Medical Publishers chemistry journal award
* 2016 American Chemical Society Women in Chemistry Rising Star
* 2016 University of California, Irvine distinguished assistant professor award for research
* 2018 Scialog Fellow
* 2021 Paul Allen Distinguished Investigator
* 2023 American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award

## Selected publications

* A Comparative Study of Bioorthogonal Reactions with Azides
* A strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition for covalent modification of biomolecules in living systems
* Chemistry in living systems
# Mazangé

Mazangé (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.
# Jiang Jiangui

Jiang Jiangui (江簡珪) was an empress of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Houfei of Liu Song (Liu Yu).
Very little is known about her. Jiang Jiangui came from a noble lineage, as her grandfather Jiang Zhiyuan (江智淵) was a famed, albeit not particularly powerful, official during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, but who died in fear in c.16 February 463 after offending Emperor Xiaowu over the issue of the posthumous name for his favorite concubine Consort Yin. Jiang Jiangui's father Jiang Jiyun (江季筠) was a mid-low-level official in the imperial administration as well, but died by 470, when Liu Yu's father Emperor Ming was selecting a wife for him, who was then crown prince. The superstitious Emperor Ming, however, was told by fortunetellers that despite—or perhaps because of—the Jiang clan's relative weakness at that point, that Jiang Jiangui was the appropriate choice. He therefore selected her to be his son's wife on 5 April 470. Her age at that time is not known, but her husband was just seven years old.
After she was married to Liu Yu, she carried the title of crown princess, and after Emperor Ming died and was succeeded by Liu Yu (as Emperor Houfei) on 11 May 472, he created her empress on 15 July 472. After he was killed by his general Xiao Daocheng in 477, he was posthumously demoted to the title of Prince of Cangwu, and she was accordingly demoted to the title of Princess of Cangwu. It is not known when she died.
# IAA

IAA may refer to:

## Science and medicine
### Terminology

* Indole-3-acetic acid, a plant hormone
* Aux/IAA repressors, a class of early auxin responsive transcription factors in plants
* Inflammatory aortic aneurysm, a medical condition
* Insulin autoantibody, used in diagnosing Latent autoimmune diabetes
* Interrupted aortic arch, a medical condition
* Iodoacetamide, an alkylating agent
* Isoamyl alcohol, a common name for 3-Methylbutan-1-ol

### Institutions & associations

* Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, a research institute in Taiwan
* Instituto Antártico Argentino, Argentine Antarctic Institute: federal agency for Antarctic research
* Instituto de Arqueología Amazónica, archeological research institute in Peru
* Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), research institute in Spain
* International Academy of Architecture, Bulgarian NGO & NPO
* International Academy of Astronautics, Swedish NGO
* International Actuarial Association, worldwide association of actuarial associations
* International Astrostatistics Association
* Israel Antiquities Authority, Israeli governmental authority
* Israeli Astronomical Association

## Aviation

* Igarka Airport IATA code
* Indianapolis Airport Authority
* Iran Aseman Airlines, an Iranian airline
* Irish Aviation Authority
* Israel Airports Authority
* International Academy of Astronautics

## Automobile

* International Motor Show Germany, known natively as Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung

## Computing

* Interactive Achievement Awards, now known as D.I.C.E. Awards

## Education

* Idyllwild Arts Academy, a private high school in Idyllwild, California
* Intercollegiate Athletic Association, former name of the National Collegiate Athletic Association
* Interlochen Arts Academy, a boarding school at the Interlochen Center for the Arts
* Inter-American Academy of Guayaquil, an international school in Ecuador

## Politics

* Information Affairs Authority of Bahrain

## Sports

* International Ammunition Association

## Associations (non-science-related)

* Illinois Agricultural Association
* Immigration Appellate Authority (UK)
* Independent Ambulance Association representing private ambulance services in the UK
* Indian Association of Alberta
* Institute for Applied Autonomy
* International Advertising Association, international marketing industry association
* International Association of Art
* Investment Adviser Association

## Other uses

* Id al Adha, Muslim holiday
* Intelligence Authorization Act (1991 - U.S.)
* Islamic Army of Aden, militant group designated as a terrorist organization by Bahrain, Canada and the UK
* International Affairs Agency, parody of the Central Intelligence Agency in Grand Theft Auto V
# IAQVEC

The IAQVEC (Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings) is an international scientific organisation whose mission is to provide technical support, guidance and technical publications to industry and research organizations for the optimization of indoor air quality, ventilation technology and energy conservation through annual conferences and workshops. The conferences cover a wide range of key research areas with the goal of simultaneously improving indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy efficiency enhancing wellbeing and sustainability. The association was established in 2016.

## History

Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings (IAQVEC) was founded by Fariborz Haghighat and Francis Allard in 1992. The first IAQVEC conference was held October 7–9, 1992 at the 5th International Jacques Cartier Conference in Montreal, and an annual meeting has been held since 1992.
Past and future IAQVEC conferences include:
| Year | Location | Conference Chairperson (s) |
| 2026 | Los Angeles, United States | TBA |
| 2023 | Tokyo, Japan | Prof. Ryozo Ooka |
| 2019 | Bari, Italy | Prof. Umberto Berardi |
| 2016 | Seoul, South Korea | Prof. Kwang Woo Kim |
| 2013 | Prague, Czech Republic | Prof. Karel Kabele |
| 2010 | Syracuse, New York, United States | Prof. Jianshun Zhang |
| 2007 | Sendai, Japan | Prof. Hiroshi Yoshino |
| 2004 | Toronto, Canada | Prof. Sherif Barackat |
| 2001 | Hunan, China | Prof. G. Zhang and Prof. Chow |
| 1998 | Lyon, France | Prof. Gerard Guarracino |
| 1995 | Montreal, Canada | Prof. Fariborz Haghighat |
| 1992 | Montreal, Canada | Prof. Fariborz Haghighat and Prof. Francis Allard |

## Objectives

The objectives of the association are:
* To promote scientific, technological and technical advances related to IAQVEC fields at the international level
* To develop and disseminate knowledge and information related to IAQVEC
* To promote and organize IAQVEC conferences every three years.
# Mecheri block

Mecheri block is a revenue block in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 17 panchayat villages.
# Mbonha

Mbonha is a river-side village in south-eastern Gabon. It is located in the Mouloundou Department in Ogooué-Lolo Province and is situated on the Ogooué River.
Nearby towns and villages include Kera-Kera (1.4 nm), Ngonga (1.0 nm), Bambora (1.4 nm), Lingoye (2.0 nm) and Mahouna (1.0 nm).
* This Gabon location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# IFAC

IFAC may refer to:
* International Fine Arts College, now renamed to the Miami International University of Art & Design.
* International Fine Arts Consortium, the independent curatorial platform in New York.
* International Federation of Accountants, founded in 1977.
* International Federation of Automatic Control
* Irish Fiscal Advisory Council, Irish statutory body overseeing compliance with EU rules.
Regulatory body
# IISD

IISD is an acronym that may refer to:
* International Institute for Sustainable Development
* International Indian School Dammam
# Jim Welch

James Welch (March 17, 1938 — October 25, 2017) was a professional American football player who played nine seasons in the NFL.
Welch is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.
# Hyundai Brave

The Hyundai Brave is a container ship built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd, owned by KSF 10 International SA and operated by Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd (HMM). This ship is registered in Panama.

## Hull and engine

The Hyundai Brave was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd in yard 1810 and was completed in January 2008. This ship is a fully cellular container ship with a total of 8,566 TEU carrying capacity. The ship is 334m in total length, 46m across the beam, 15m in draught, and 25m in depth. This container ship has only one deck.
The Hyundai Brave is powered by a Wärtsilä engine, producing a total power of 80,111 kW (108,919 hp) driving one propeller, and is capable is traveling at 27.5 kn. The engine is a 2 stroke, 14 cylinder engine and utilizes four 3,300 kW auxiliary generators. This powerful engine was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd in South Korea. The largest diesel engine in the world, a MAN B&W K98MCC 14-cylinder, rated at 80.1 megawatts (107,400 shp), powers the ship at speeds of up to 27 knots (50 km/h).

## News

In 2008 the Hyundai Brave was the first new ship added to the Hyundai Merchant Marine to serve in the French Asia Line. It was estimated to transfer 155 containers per hour from dock to ship. Just in 2011 alone the Hyundai Brave was in over 100 different ports.
# Meandrina meandrites

Meandrina meandrites, commonly known as maze coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Meandrinidae. It is found primarily on outer coral reef slopes in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

## Description

Meandrina meandrites forms massive hemispherical heads or develops into substantial flat plates and can grow to nearly 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. Some small colonies are cone-shaped and are not attached to the substrate. These resemble young colonies of rose coral (Manicina areolata) and may be found in sandy or muddy areas some way off from reefs. The corallites, the calcareous cups secreted by the polyps, are 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) wide. The raised walls between the corallites are formed from fine but widely separated transverse ridges called septa and meander over the surface of the coral. There is a slight indentation running along the crest of the walls where the septa from adjoining corallites meet. The polyps are large but are only protruded at night when they cover and obscure the skeleton of the coral.

## Distribution and habitat

Meandrina meandrites is found in Bermuda, Florida, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas. It mainly occurs on the seaward sides of reefs but also occurs on the back slopes. Its favoured depth range is 8 to 30 metres (26 to 98 ft) but it occurs at any depth less than 80 metres (260 ft). It tolerates locations with high levels of sedimentation and turbidity. It is generally the coral most frequently seen in the deeper parts of its range.

## Status

On the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Meandrina meandrites was listed as being of Least Concern for most of the Red List's existence. However, the most recent assessment (2021) pushed this species to the category of Critically Endangered, under criteria A3c, based largely on predicted decline. The species is subject to coral diseases such as white plague and black band disease and has been decimated across its range by Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease as it is considered a highly susceptible species with respect to this disease. Prior to the appearance of this disease, the species was considered fairly secure due to its ability to recover from bleaching events. Another factor that helped to maintain populations was the high level of recruitment of juvenile corals which is in contrast to the recruitment failures of the pineapple coral (Dichocoenia stokesi). The chief threats it faces, as do other Caribbean reef corals, are: SCTLD, raised sea temperatures, ocean acidification and reef destruction. It is present in a number of marine parks which gives it some level of protection.
# Jim McKenzie (footballer)

James Ross McKenzie (17 August 1875 – 18 May 1945) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside-forward for various clubs in Scotland and England in the 1890s.

## Football career

McKenzie was born in Glasgow and trained as an upholsterer, playing amateur football for various clubs in the northern half of the city before moving to England in September 1896 to join Burton Swifts of the Football League Second Division.
At Burton he had a successful season, missing only four league matches, scoring five goals, as the Swifts finished the 1896–97 season in eleventh place. He then returned to Glasgow to spend a season with Clyde, at the end of which they finished at the foot of the table.
In the summer of 1898, he was persuaded to move to southern England to join the Southern League champions, Southampton. The "Saints" were about to embark on their first season in their new stadium and McKenzie made his debut for Southampton in the opening match at The Dell, against Brighton United on 3 September 1898.
After Watty Keay had opened the scoring, McKenzie (playing at outside-left) missed some good chances as the Saints put pressure on the Brighton goal. As half-time approached, McKenzie made a "smart run up the left" and crossed for Abe Hartley to score the second goal. McKenzie then added a third in the second half, and although Brighton pulled one back through Roddy McLeod, Tom Smith wrapped the match up with the fourth goal.
The appreciative Saints fans dubbed McKenzie "little Joe Turner", but after only six appearances the lightweight, diminutive winger lost his place to George Seeley. Following a serious leg injury in reserve team match, he returned to Scotland, rejoining Clyde once he had recovered.

## Honours

Southampton
* Southern League champions: 1898–99