OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# K. Prithika Yashini

K Prithika Yashini is the first transgender woman to be a police officer in India. She became the first trans woman sub-inspector in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Early life

Prithika Yashini was born and brought up as the son of a driver-tailor couple in Salem, Tamil Nadu. She had a difficult childhood where her parents took her to temples, doctors, astrologers to 'set things right'. When she was in ninth grade, she felt different and didn't feel like a boy. She completed her undergraduation in computer applications.
In 2011, she ran away to Chennai, where she found acceptance and support in the transgender community of the city.

## Career

She began her career in Chennai working as a warden in a women's hostel.
Yashini applied for recruitment as a Tamil Nadu sub-inspector of police to the Tamil Nadu Uniformed Services Recruitment Board (TNUSRB) to fill vacancies for 1087 posts. However, her application was rejected as being a trans woman she did not belong to any of the two specified categories, namely, male or female. Subsequently, she challenged the decision of the TNUSRB in different courts including the High Court of Madras.
Accordingly, the High Court of Madras ordered to conduct a written test for her. The test for the recruitment comprises written test, physical endurance test and a viva-voce. With legal recourse in a competent court, she was able to lower the minimum cut-off marks for written test for such a recruitment from 28.5 to 25.00. She cleared all physical endurance tests except missing 100 meter dash by one second. However, she was testified successful in the physical endurance test.
In terms of judgement of the Madras High Court, which was delivered on 6 November 2015, directions were given to the Tamil Nadu Uniformed Services Recruitment Board (TNUSRB) to appoint K Prithika Yashini as a sub-inspector of police as she is "entitled to get the job". The judgement further directed the TNUSRB to include transgender people as a "third category", apart from the usual category of "male" and "female".
Yashini received the appointment order from Chennai City Police Commissioner Smith Saran in April 2017
In an interview, Prithika Yashini told, "I'm excited. It's a new beginning for the entire transgender community." She aspires to become an officer of Indian Police Service over a period of time.
She took charge as sub-inspector in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu on April 2, 2017 and is posted in the law and order wing.
She got an award from Behindwoods 2019 as Icon of Inspiration for the 1st third gender police officer.
# Revenue stamps of Colombia

The first revenue stamp of Colombia was issued on 1 September 1858, one year before the first Colombian postage stamp.

## Granadine Confederation

The first Colombian revenue stamp was a black 20 centavos value for the Granadine Confederation.

## United States of New Granada

In 1861 a 20c stamp was issued inscribed Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada, or the United States of New Granada.

## United States of Colombia

Later in 1861 the United States of New Granada became the United States of Colombia and stamps were issued marked Estados Unidos de Colombia from 1864.

## Republic of Colombia

The Republic of Colombia was created in 1886 and revenue stamps marked Republica de Colombia were issued from 1887.

## Colombian states

The constituent states of Colombia also issued their own revenue stamps.
# Cryo-Cell International

Cryo-Cell International, Inc. is a cord blood bank. It was founded by Dan Richard in 1989. Cryo-Cell International is the first private cord blood bank to separate and store stem cells. Cryo-Cell is headquartered outside of Tampa, in Oldsmar, Florida. In January 1997, the Company's stock began trading on the NASDAQ Small Cap market under symbol CCEL.

## Operations

Cryo-Cell International’s facility is FDA registered, cGMP-/cGTP-compliant. Cryo-Cell International is accredited by the American Association of Blood Banks. Cryo-Cell International is FACT accredited. Cryo-Cell International is ISO 9001:2008 certified by the BSI Group.
Cryo-Cell International services include the cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood and cord tissue. The company has also patented a method for processing endometrial stem cells from menstrual blood.

## Legal conflicts

In 1992, Cryo-Cell International and the University of Arizona signed a contract under which Cryo-Cell would provide state-of-the-art equipment for cord blood storage and use 'its best efforts' to expand the University of Arizona’s cord blood bank. In July 1998, a jury in California Superior Court in San Francisco awarded Cryo-Cell $1,050,000 for the University's breach of contract and a $120,000 judgment against the University and David Harris personally for improperly transferring customer lists Cryo-Cell helped compile to a competitor. The University's cross complaint against Cryo-Cell was unanimously rejected by the jury.
In 2002, Cryo-Cell International was among eight American cord blood companies sued for patent infringement by PharmaStem; PharmaStem was awarded damages of $7.1 million in 2003 from Cryo-Cell and three other companies, the rest having gone out of business.
The PharmaStem patent infringement lawsuit was ultimately overturned. In December 2004, a federal judge in Delaware reversed the last remaining aspect of a $7.1 million judgment from October 2003 for patent infringement against several of the nation's largest umbilical-cord blood banks. The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals held that the claims asserted in the lawsuit were invalid and the United States Patent and Trademark Office cancelled all claims on the patents in the PharmaStem lawsuit.
In 2008, in Portnoy vs. Cryo-Cell International, the company's incumbent board was judged to have committed serious breaches of fiduciary duty in tampering with a shareholder election, preventing the replacement of the board of directors. The court therefore ordered a special shareholders’ meeting at which a new election would be held. In August, 2011, Mr. Portnoy led a group in a winning proxy fight which resulted in the replacement of the company's board of directors.
# Stanovik Range

The Stanovik (Russian: Становик) is a mountain range in the Transbaikal Region (Zabaykalsky Krai) of Siberia, Russia. The southern end of the range is very close to the border with Mongolia. The nearest village is Mordoy (Мордой), Kyrinsky District.
The range is part of the Trans-Baikal conifer forests ecoregion.

## Geography

The Stanovik Range is part of the Khentei-Daur Highlands, South Siberian System. It rises on the left bank of the upper course of the Onon River and stretches roughly northeastwards for over 110 kilometers (68 mi) between two of its left tributaries, the Kyra and the Aksha. It is bound by the Bylir River valley to the west and near its source it connects with the Khentei Range. The width of the Stanovik ranges between a maximum of 70 kilometers (43 mi) and a minimum of 40 kilometers (25 mi).
The average summits of the Stanovik reach between 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) and 1,600 meters (5,200 ft). The highest point is a 1,916 meters (6,286 ft) high unnamed peak. Much like in neighboring ranges, the relief is dominated by moderate height mountains with an abundance of steep-slopes and faults. The summits display fragments of the original alignment surface. The range rises in an area prone to earthquakes.

## Flora

The slopes of the range are covered with mountain taiga and pre-Alpine forest. The higher elevations have dwarf cedar shrub and are often crowned by golets type bare summits.
# Delaware Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Delaware Township was a township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854.

## History

A township formed out of eastern Lower Dublin Township in 1853. Its inhabitants voted at one general election. Its officers were superseded in the next year by consolidation.

## Notable people

* Thomas Holme, the first surveyor of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania who developed the first designs for the city of Philadelphia.

## Resources

* Chronology of the Political Subdivisions of the County of Philadelphia, 1683-1854 (Daly, John; Weinberg, Allen (October 1966). Genealogy of Philadelphia County Subdivisions (Second ed.). Philadelphia Dept. of Records.)
* Information courtesy of ushistory.org
* Incorporated District, Boroughs, and Townships in the County of Philadelphia, 1854 By Rudolph J. Walther - excerpted from the book at the ushistory.org website
# Gail-Joon Ahn

Gail-Joon Ahn is an electrical engineer and professor of computer science and engineering at Arizona State University. He is a fellow of the IEEE.

## Education

Ahn received his PhD in information technology from George Mason University in 2000.

## Career

Ahn is professor of computer science and engineering at the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University. He is the founder of the university's Security Engineering for Future Computing laboratory and served as its first director. Ahn has contributed to over 200 research papers and holds 10 United States patents. He is the co-editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, an associate editor of ACM Transactions on Information and Systems Security and a member of the editorial board of Computers & Security. Before joining Arizona State University, Ahn was an associate professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte's College of Computing and Informatics and director of their Center for Digital Identity and Cyber Defense Research.

## Honours

* Federal Information Systems Security Educators Association Educator of the Year Award (2004)
* Senior Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (2007)
* Arizona State University Most Outstanding Research Award (2013)
* Distinguished Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (2015)
* Fellow of the IEEE "for development of applications of information and systems security" (2023)
# Choristhemis

Choristhemis is a genus of small dragonflies in the family Synthemistidae found in eastern Australia. They are small to medium-sized slender dragonflies with dark colouring and light markings and a relatively weak flight.

## Species

The genus includes two species:
* Choristhemis flavoterminata (Martin, 1901) – yellow-tipped tigertail
* Choristhemis olivei (Tillyard, 1909) – delicate tigertail
# Rulindo District

Rulindo is a district (akarere) in Northern Province, Rwanda. Its capital is Tare.

## Geography

The district lies roughly halfway between Kigali and Ruhengeri, and is very mountainous, containing Mount Kabuye. Its principal town, Tare (more commonly known as Nyirangarama), serves as a rest and refreshment stop for most long distance bus services between Kigali and Gisenyi and Goma.

## Economy

Rulindo district is home to Agashya, Rwanda's leading manufacturer of passion fruit squash. Kinihira Sector is home to the Sorwathe Tea Factory.

## Sectors

Rulindo district is divided into 17 sectors (imirenge): Base, Burega, Bushoki, Buyoga, Cyinzuzi, Cyungo, Kinihira, Kisaro, Masoro, Mbogo, Murambi, Ngoma, Ntarabana, Rukozo, Rusiga, Shyorongi and Tumba.
# Leen Bolle

Leen Bolle (11 April 1879 – 13 December 1942) was a Dutch sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Review Centre

ReviewCentre.com is a privately owned, UK operated consumer review site in the same vein as Epinions and Ciao.com.

## History

The site was first launched in 1999 and has grown into one of the web's largest review sites. The company behind reviewcentre.com was sold to a management buy-in team backed by Ingenious Media in June 2008.

## Facilities

Users of the site can write a review on just about any subject they choose ranging from mobile phones to Loan Companies.
The key difference between Review Centre and its competitors is the lack of financial incentive to the writers of the reviews - this means that there is no other motive to write a review than to help other consumers which may explain why reviews on Review Centre are more personal.
One should be wary of this fact as reviews can often appear as a personal grudge/attack on businesses and may give a distorted view - many people will only leave a review when something is wrong.

## Charity campaigns

Review Centre has garnered media attention for its charity campaigns which donate money to a chosen cause for each review written, usually run around Christmas time.
MoneyWeek named Review Centre its "Website of the Week", encouraging readers to add contributions to the site.

## International Conference on System Sciences review

A paper delivered in January 2006 to the International Conference on System Sciences which used Review Centre as a case study, suggests that the language and review content on the site is constructed in such a way as to make it reflect that the writers are often knowledgeable about their subject-matter, but still non-professional users of the products.
ReviewCentre has its fair share of advertisements and has so far maintained reviews as its primary focus - this is currently a major cause of debate on competitor sites whose communities do not like the prevalence of advertising.
One area of the site where ReviewCentre does stay ahead of its competitors is 'community' - also, enjoying a strong user base and member interaction is currently growing. Pollach's study suggests that the nature of the genre could be the reasoning for this as users strive to appear professional in their reviews, almost actively discouraging discussion. The differences in the presentation of reviews on Review Centre and the structure of that information in comparison to its competitors have been diminishing and may explain why Review Centre operates as much of a community site than Ciao or Epinions.
However the downside is that the staff at Review Centre do not appear to take negative reviews or their potential effects on businesses very seriously which leaves the system open to abuse.

## Travel

The site also provides a range of Consumer guides with good coverage in the travel section e.g.Australia Travel Guide.
The German variation of the site - ReviewCentre.de has less coverage, mainly focusing on consumer electronics.
# Kasbat Ben Mchich

Kasbat Ben Mchich is a small town and rural commune in Berrechid Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. In the 2014 Moroccan census the commune recorded a population of 14,905 people living in 2603 households. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,351 people living in 2078 households.
# Deborah Czeresko

Deborah Czeresko (born July 27, 1961) is an American glass blower known for winning the first season of the Netflix series, Blown Away.

## Education

In 1983, Czeresko graduated from Rutgers University and graduated from Tulane University in 1992.

## Career

Her works are in the permanent collection of the Museum of American Glass in Millville, New Jersey, Glasmuseet Ebeltoft, and the Frauenau Glass Museum. She served on the board of directors for UrbanGlass, a glassblowing studio based in Brooklyn, from 2008 to 2018.
In 2019, she won the first season of the Netflix series, Blown Away.
In 2019, her piece, "Meat Chandelier," was one of 100 chosen for The Corning Museum of Glass' exhibition, New Glass Now, a survey of contemporary glass from around the world. Her prize package from winning Blown Away included a residency at The Corning Museum of Glass.

## Artistry

Using Venetian-style glassmaking techniques, Czeresko's work showcases her personal experiences shaped by contemporary issues. Czeresko often uses her work as a glassmaker to highlight the issue of women's equality. She said in an interview, "So, I’ve long been interested in women occupying these spaces that involve physicality, where they’re perceived as not belonging. I wanted to make glass the great equalizer."

## Selected exhibitions

* 2006: Transparency, Corridor Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland
* 2007: Art Now, Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, VT
* 2010: Armory Show, UrbanGlass, Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn, NY
* 2010: Shoefitti & Ibeam, Louisville Glassworks, Louisville, KY
* 2010: The Fabritory, Glasphemy by Macro Sea, Brooklyn, NY
* 2011: Shoefitti, Hudson Beach Glass, Philadelphia, PA
* 2013: Art of the Fellowship, Museum of American Glass, Millville, NJ
* 2015: CreativityAscertained, Museum of American Glass, Millville, NJ
* 2015: Post Mortem, UGent, Rommelaere Instituut, Ghent, Belgium
* 2018: How Shall We Dine, Rockland Center for the Arts, Rockland, NY
* 2018: StreetKraft, Habatat Gallery, Royal Oak, MI
* 2019: New Glass Now, The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY
* 2019: COLLABORATIONS with QUEER VOICES curated by Matthew Day Perez + Kate Hush, Heller Gallery, New York, NY
# Papago (moth)

Papago is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Galicea Mare

Galicea Mare is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 4,950 people. It is composed of a single village, Galicea Mare.
# Integer circuit

In computational complexity theory, an integer circuit is a circuit model of computation in which inputs to the circuit are sets of integers and each gate of the circuit computes either a set operation or an arithmetic operation on its input sets.
As an algorithmic problem, the possible questions are to find if a given integer is an element of the output node or if two circuits compute the same set. The decidability is still an open question, but there are results on restriction of those circuits. Finding answers to some questions about this model could serve as a proof to many important mathematical conjectures, like Goldbach's conjecture.
It is a natural extension of the circuits over sets of natural numbers when the considered set contains also negative integers, the definitions, which does not change, will not be repeated on this page. Only the differences will be mentioned.

## Complexity of the membership problem

The membership problem is the problem of deciding, given an integer circuit C, an input to the circuit X, and a specific integer n, whether the integer n is in the output of the circuit C when provided with input X. The computational complexity of this problem depends on the type of gates allowed in the circuit C. The table below summarizes the computational complexity of the membership problem for various classes of integer circuits. Here, MF$_{\mathbb {Z} }$(O) denotes the classes defined by O-formulae, which are O-circuits with maximal fan-out 1.
Complexity :
| O | MC$_{\mathbb {Z} }$(O) | MF$_{\mathbb {Z} }$(O) |
| ∪,∩,−,+,× | NEXPTIME-hard | PSPACE-hard |
| ∪,∩,+,× | NEXPTIME-complete | NP-complete |
| ∪,+,× | NEXPTIME-complete | NP-complete |
| ∩,+,× | P-hard, in co-NP | L-hard, in LOGCFL |
| +,× | P-hard, in co-NP | L-hard, in LOGCFL |
| ∪,∩,−,+ | PSPACE-complete | PSPACE-complete |
| ∪,∩,+ | PSPACE-complete | NP-complete |
| ∪,+ | NP-complete | NP-complete |
| ∩,+ | C$_=$L-complete | L-complete |
| + | C$_=$L-complete | L-complete |
| ∪,∩,−,× | PSPACE-complete | PSPACE-complete |
| ∪,∩,× | PSPACE-complete | NP-complete |
| ∪,× | NP-complete | NP-complete |
| ∩,× | (C$_=$L$\land \oplus$L)-hard, in P | L-complete |
| × | (NL-complete$\land \oplus$L)-complete | L-complete |
| ∪,∩,− | P-complete | L-complete |
| ∪,∩ | P-complete | L-complete |
| ∪ | NL-complete | L-complete |
| ∩ | NL-complete | L-complete |
# Choazil Passage

Choazil Passage is a passage in the Mozambique Channel which separates the mainland of Mtsamboro in northwest Mayotte from the Choazil Islands. It is said to be 5.5 fathoms (33 ft; 10.1 m) deep mid channel.
# Näsviken, Strömsund Municipality

Näsviken is a locality situated in Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden with 203 inhabitants in 2010.
# Kasbeel

Kasbeel is an angel given the responsibility of two oaths in the second section of the Book of Enoch, the book of "Parables".
The first oath was Biqa, a secret word that he asked the archangel Michael the pronunciation of. This oath revealed the angels in the Grigori that were to fall, that showed all the secrets of the heavens to man. The second oath was Akae. This oath revealed the secrets of the cycles of the earth.
# Hartford Township, Ohio

Hartford Township, Ohio, may refer to:
* Hartford Township, Licking County, Ohio
* Hartford Township, Trumbull County, Ohio
# Parastathes moultoni

Parastathes moultoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1914 and is known from Borneo.
# Garaşsyzlyk Stadium

Garaşsyzlyk Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Daşoguz, Turkmenistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

## History

In February 2011 the Russian company Rus Kurort Stroy started reconstruction of the stadium. This was a large-scale project started from scratch. In June 2013 the opening ceremony took place after a complete renovation of stadium. The stadium is covered with new grass, equipped with treadmills and placarded. The rooms are equipped with administrative offices, locker rooms and showers, a dining room, a hall for press conferences and a medical centre. There are also two indoor sports hall for 250 spectators, a gym and fitness rooms, rooms for coaches and referees, a sports shop, volleyball courts, basketball courts and tennis courts.
# John Wastell

John Wastell (c.1460 – c.1518) was an English gothic architect and master mason responsible for the fan vaulted ceiling and other features of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, the crossing tower (Bell Harry Tower) of Canterbury Cathedral, and sections of both Manchester and Peterborough cathedrals. He also worked on Bury St Edmunds Abbey. In addition he contributed to a number of churches in East Anglia, including St Mary's, Saffron Walden.
* Aerial view of St Mary's church, Saffron Walden, EssexBell Harry Tower Canterbury Cathedral
* Fan vaulting in the retro-choir, Peterborough Cathedral
* Vaulting, King's College Chapel, Cambridge
* Choir of Manchester Cathedral
# Chouto

Chouto may refer to:
* Chouto (Chamusca), a civil parish in municipality of Chamusca, Portugal
* Lampros Choutos, a Greek footballer
# Näsviken, Hudiksvall Municipality

Näsviken is a locality situated in Hudiksvall Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 924 inhabitants in 2010.

## Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Näsviken:
* Näsvikens IK
# Reston, Manitoba

Reston is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district in southwestern Manitoba, located near the border of Saskatchewan on the west and North Dakota on the south. It is the largest community in the Rural Municipality of Pipestone, which also includes Sinclair, Cromer and Pipestone.

## History

The name of the community was derived from the area where many of the original settlers came from, which was Reston Junction in Berwickshire, Scotland. The post office opened in 1890 on land location 9-7-27W. It was also a Canadian Pacific railway point and there was a school district which had the name Lanark and a district named Reston was later located on 9-7-27W.
In October 2012, Reston sold lots in the community for $10 in order to attract families and businesses.
* Main Street, 1909
* Reston, c. 1920

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Reston had a population of 659 living in 305 of its 336 total private dwellings, a change of 15.8% from its 2016 population of 569. With a land area of 5.32 km$^2$ (2.05 sq mi), it had a population density of 123.9/km$^2$ (320.8/sq mi) in 2021.

## Arts and culture

Reston was featured during season 3 of the CBC program Still Standing. The episode originally aired on August 8, 2017.
# Let the Fire Burn (disambiguation)

Let the Fire Burn is a 2013 documentary film by Jason Osder.
Let the Fire Burn may also refer to:
* Let the Fire Burn, a 2001 album by Ha'Saruf
* Let the Fire Burn, a 2012 album by the band Art of Dying (band)
* "Let the Fire Burn", a song by Sister Hazel from 2010 album Heartland Highway