OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plinio Clabassi

Plinio Clabassi (1919–1984) was an Italian operatic bass particularly associated with the Italian repertoire.

## Life and career

Born in Sedegliano, Italy, Plinio Clabassi began to sing at an early age with his native city's men's chorus, "Cantario Santo Stefano", of which he was director from 1946 to 1947. During the Second World War, he served in the campaign of Albania. After the war, he joined the Granatieri di Sardegna Mechanized Brigade in Rome. It was during that period that he began his operatic career on local radio broadcasts (RAI).
He soon was invited to sing at most of the opera houses and concert halls throughout Italy. His career of some thirty years would also take him to many European countries, to North and South America, as well as to South Africa and Australia. His repertoire was vast, ranging from Caldara and Paisiello to Pizzetti and Alfano, and also including Mussorgsky, Mascagni, Max von Schillings, and Renato Chiesa, but he was mostly admired for the 19th-century romantic works by composers such as Donizetti, Bellini, Verdi, and Puccini.
A basso cantante with a beautiful even voice, he was admired for his scenic intelligence and dignity. He can be heard on several studio and live recordings. Clabassi was married to opera singer Rina Gigli (the daughter of Beniamino Gigli), with whom he appeared on a number of occasions, including a 1966 production of Turandot at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples.
Plino Clabassi died in San Vito al Tagliamento, on 22 October 1984. In May 2012, a new theatre in his native city was named in his honour.

## Selective discography

Most of his recorded work consists of secondary characters and small roles in operas, such as Monterone in Rigoletto, Lodovico in Otello, the Speaker of the Temple in The Magic Flute, the Old Monk who turns out to be Carlo Quinto in Don Carlo, and the King of Egypt in Aida.
* 1953 - The Magic Flute (Il Flauto Magico), Karajan (Walhall Eternity Series)
* 1954 – La forza del destino, Serafin (EMI)
* 1954 – Don Carlo, Santini (EMI)
* 1955 – Madame Butterfly, Karajan (EMI)
* 1955 – Aida, Perlea (RCA)
* 1955 – Rigoletto, Serafin (EMI)
* 1955 – Il Tabarro, Bellezza (EMI)
* 1958 – Anna Bolena, Gavazzeni (Myto)
* 1958 – La forza del destino, Previtali (Decca)
* 1958 – La Gioconda, Previtali (Decca)
* 1961 – Aida, Solti (Decca)

## Opera DVDs

* 1956 – La sonnambula (VAI)
* 1957 – Il trovatore (Hardy Classics)
* 1958 – Turandot (VAI)
* 1967 – Lucia di Lammermoor (VAI)
# Halton Lea Gate

Halton Lea Gate is a small village in Northumberland, England, on the A689 road close to the boundary of the counties of Northumberland and Cumbria. The village is part of the parish council area called Hartleyburn, and borders the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Halton Lea Farm has a Grade II listed farmhouse, the eastern end of which probably represents a large bastle. The Pennine Way long-distance footpath runs just to the east of the village.
The population of Halton Lea Gate was 310 in 1901. The area was subject to extensive coal mining activity in the nineteenth century, with a later phase of mining being undertaken from the 1930s to 1958.

## Coal mining controversy

The area has featured in the national news on account of plans to develop open cast coal mining adjacent to the village. A plan submitted in 2008 led to speculation in the local media that property values would drop by 40% as a result. The plan submitted by HM Project Developments Ltd in November 2010 was to extract approximately 140,000 tonnes of coal; with the nearest housing to the mining extraction being just under 60 metres away. In May 2012 the UK government Planning Inspector, Clive Sproule, held an inquiry into this proposal, after the County Council had rejected applications to develop the site. The inquiry sat for nine days between 15–31 May. On 7 August the Planning Inspector published his decision. The appeal by HM Project Developments Ltd against the decision of the Northumberland County Council was allowed provided a schedule of conditions could be met. A notable person absent from the inquiry was Dr Dick van Steenis, a retired GP, whose presence at other inquiries to give evidence of the link between open cast mining and reduced life expectation and other health problems, had previously led to the blocking of many open-cast mines. Hartleyburn Parish Council then sought a judicial review of the Planning Inspector's decision. Hartleyburn Parish Council's challenge to the Inspector's decision was dismissed by Judge Brehens sitting in the High Court in Leeds. Following the Planning Inspector's decision, an amended application was submitted by HM Project Developments Ltd to Northumberland County Council. This application was recommended for acceptance by the County Council Planning Case Officer and was approved by the Planning and Environment Committee of the County Council on 7 January 2014. Extraction of coal commenced in 2016.
The success of the application to open cast coal mine at Halton Lea Gate has opened up the possibility of further mining applications in places like Lambley and Coanwood, where applications have previously been refused. The current National Planning Policy Framework allows national interest to overrule local decisions in respect of mineral resources.
# Duncan Hunter

Duncan Hunter may refer to:
* Duncan D. Hunter (born 1976), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (2009–2020)
* Duncan L. Hunter (born 1948), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California (1981–2009)
* Duncan Hunter (cyclist), Australian road cyclist, winner of the 1948 Australian National Road Race Championships Men's Elite division
# The Definitive Collection (Eliza Carthy album)

The Definitive Collection is a compilation album by Eliza Carthy.
The recordings were made between 1995 and 2002. The tracks are taken from Waterson:Carthy (Waterson:Carthy 1995), Red (Eliza Carthy 1998, three tracks), Eliza Carthy And the Kings of Calicutt (Eliza Carthy 1997, two tracks), Heat, Light and Sound (Eliza Carthy 1996), Common Tongue (Waterson:Carthy 1997), A Dark Light (Waterson: Carthy 2003), Mysterious Day (Oliver Knight 2002) and Shining Bright - The Songs of Lal and Mike Waterson. Issued on CD in 2003. Running time 68 minutes 18 seconds.

## Track listing

* "The Light Dragoon" (Traditional)
* "Greenwood Laddie" (song)/ "Mrs Capron's Reel" (instrumental)/ "Tune" (instrumental) (Traditional)
* "Mother, Go Make My Bed"/ "Flower of Swiss Cottage" (Traditional)
* "Cold, Wet and Rainy Night" (song)/ "The Grand Hornpipe" (instrumental) (Traditional)
* "Fisher Boy" (Traditional)
* "Billy Boy" (song)/ "The Widdow's Wedding" (instrumental) (Traditional)
* "French Stroller" (Traditional)
* "Stumbling On" (Elaine Waterson, Oliver Knight)
* "Blow the Winds"/ "The Game of Draughts" (Traditional)
* "Mons Meg" (Traditional)
* "Diego's Bold Shore" (Traditional)
* "Go From My Window" (Traditional)
* "Child Among the Weeds" (Elaine Waterson)
# Joe Cooper

Joe Cooper may refer to:
* Joe Cooper (basketball) (born 1957), American basketball player
* Joe Cooper (footballer, born 1865) (1865–?), English footballer for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Woolwich Arsenal
* Joe Cooper (footballer, born 1899) (1899–1959), English footballer for Grimsby Town and several other clubs
* Joe Cooper (footballer, born 1918) (1918–1992), English footballer
* Joe Cooper (footballer, born 1994), English football defender
* Joe Cooper (ice hockey) (1914–1979), Canadian ice hockey player
* Joe Cooper (kicker) (born 1960), American football player
* Joe Cooper (linebacker) (born 1979), American football player
* Joe Cooper (racing driver) (1888–1915), American racing driver
* Joe Henry Cooper (1918–1980), American businessman and Louisiana politician
* Joe Cooper (presenter), British broadcaster & radio presenter
# Sadler House (McCalla, Alabama)

The Sadler House is a frontier I-House with Georgian architectural elements in McCalla, Alabama. The original single pen log house was built by John Loveless, who moved to Alabama from South Carolina in 1816. The home's uniqueness is illustrated by and due to its original constructed form of a single pen log structure, now cocooned within the I-house, and the complex joinery details (akin to furniture joinery) used to hold the structural elements of the original house in place.
After Loveless' death, his widow, Martha Daniel sold the two story clapboard-covered log cabin to Isaac Wellington Sadler. The house was expanded in 1838 by Sadler, a planter and teacher. The two-story wood-frame house has a shed-roofed addition to the rear and a matching front porch structure. The interior is arranged around an open center hall running as a breezeway through the house with two rooms on either side. The hall and one parlor have faux-painted wainscoting. The detailing of the trim in the formal parlor is Greek Revival, while the remainder of the doors are a plain board-and-batten pattern.
The Sadler House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1975. It is owned by the West Jefferson Historical Society.
# Postage stamps and postal history of West Ukrainian National Republic

The West Ukrainian National Republic was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia. The republic managed to issue about one hundred types of postage stamps during its brief existence, all but two of which are overprints on existing stamps of Austria or Bosnia.

## The 1918–1923 stamps issues
### First stamps in November 1918

The first were four overprints of Austria overprinted in Lviv, with a design of a lion and the inscription "Zakhidno-Ukrainska Narodna Republika" were in use for only two days there. Another four Austrian stamps were surcharged with "УКР.Н.Р" (ukr.n.r in Cyrillic), and a new denomination in shahs (шаг), one with 5 sh and three with 10 sh. These are rather uncommon today, with prices for collectors ranging from €80 to €800 (US$100–1000), and forgeries are plentiful.

### The 1919 stamps

In March 1919, officials in Stanislaviv surcharged sixteen values of 1916 Austrian stamps with "ПОШТА// УКР.Н.РЕП." (POSHTA UKR.N.REP.) and denominations ranging from three shahs up to ten hryvnia. The same surcharge was also applied to Austrian military stamps and postage due stamps, as well as to the 1904 postage dues of Bosnia.
In May, Austrian stamps were overprinted with the Ukrainian trident-in-shield arms with the letters "З. У. Н. Р." (Z. U. N. R.), one at each corner, for "West Ukrainian People's Republic". These saw very little use, and forged cancellations are commonplace.
The sole non-overprinted issue was a pair of registration stamps issued in Kolomyia, in the form of a label used for registered mail, but unlike most labels, denominated with values of thirty and fifty shahs, to pay registration fees.
Of the stamps issued, only the trident overprints are common, with the others being rare.
* May 1919 overprint on a 5 heller stamp of Austrian Monarchy
* May 1919 Overprint on a 25 heller
# Simrai

Simrai (Simraī) is a village in Sultanganj block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 5,249, in 883 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Simrai had a population of 5,249, in 883 households.$^{:160}$ This population was 53.7% male (2,818) and 46.3% female (2,431). The 0-6 age group numbered 827 (450 male and 377 female), or 15.8% of the total population. 946 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 18.9% of the total.$^{:124–5}$
The 1981 census recorded Simrai as having a population of 3,600 people, in 636 households.$^{:162–3}$
The 1961 census recorded Simrai as comprising 10 hamlets, with a total population of 2,736 people (1,483 male and 1,253 female), in 496 households and 369 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,863 acres and it had a post office at that point. It was then counted as part of Kuraoli CD block.$^{:xcii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Simrai had 1 primary school and 1 veterinary hospital but no healthcare facilities for humans. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:160–5}$
# Dryden, Oregon

Dryden is an unincorporated community in Josephine County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Deer Creek Valley about five miles east of Selma. As of 1990 only one house remained; the 1920 structure formerly served as the Dryden Store and post office.

## History

Dryden was named for English poet and playwright John Dryden by local pioneer J. P. Mills, who was an avid reader. Dryden post office was established in 1892; it closed in 1956. At one time Dryden also had a school.
# Halton Old Hall

Halton Old Hall is a house in the village of Halton in Runcorn, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The house dates from 1693, and is built in sandstone with a slate roof. It has two storeys and an attic; a two-storey wing has been added to the back. The windows have mullions and the gables have corbels and copings. Both Starkey and Nikolaus Pevsner note that its style is older than its date.
# Dusty Sklar

Ethel K. Sklar (born March 11, 1928), known as Dusty Sklar, is a New Jersey–based American author and researcher of Nazism. Sklar is a member of the American Society of Journalists and Authors (ASJA) and Investigative Reporters and Editors.

## Personal life

Born in Sokół, Poland, she emigrated with her family to the United States in 1930. Her maiden name is Kwalbrun. On November 27, 1949, she married David Sklar; the couple had three children. The marriage ended in divorce in 1988.

## Work

* The Nazis and the Occult (1977), 1st Dorset Press edition. Dorset Press Publishing; ISBN 0880294124, ISBN 978-0880294126; ASIN: B0022MWFEI
* Gods and Beasts: The Nazis and the Occult (1977), first edition. 180 pp hardcover. T.Y. Crowell Publishing; ISBN 0690012322; ISBN 978-0690012323.
# Kletkamp

Kletkamp is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Informant (psychiatry)

In psychiatry, an informant is someone who can report on a case without causing observer effects. For example, informants may be family members or friends of a psychiatric patient. Informants are particularly important when the patient's lucidity is questionable; for example, in cases of dementia, or when the patient is a child.
Data collected from informants must be used with caution, because informants are rarely in a position to provide completely accurate information. In such cases, it is necessary to interview multiple informants and combine the data. Further compounding the difficulty, informants may also suffer from conditions themselves, which makes them more likely to describe others as having the informant's condition. It is not clear whether this makes them more or less objective than healthy informants.
# Joe Matesic

Joseph Thomas Matesic (November 21, 1929 – August 5, 2020) was an American football player who played for Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Indiana University and Arizona State University. Matesic died in Pennsylvania on August 5, 2020, at the age of 90.
# Sadler effect

The Sadler effect describes variation in apparent sediment accumulation rates and bed thicknesses back through time inherent to the geological sedimentary record. Peter Sadler analysed what structure you would expect in a stratigraphic section under the hypothesis that bigger geological events – episodes of deposition, erosion, and the gaps between those events – are rarer. He showed that under these conditions it is inevitable that, on average, thinner stratigraphic sections, which cover shorter amounts of time, record faster accumulation rates than thicker sections, which record longer amounts of time.
The effect equivalently states that more ancient packages of sediment in the stratigraphic record will record slower sedimentation rates stretched over longer periods of time. For instance, it explains the fact that in general, the more ancient geological periods of the Phanerozoic are longer than the more recent ones; i.e., the periods of the Palaeozoic are much longer than those in the Cenozoic. Conversely, it also explains that the maximum sediment accumulation rates seen in the Cambrian at the start of the Phanerozoic are almost two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the Quaternary, at its end.
The Sadler effect provides a powerful framework for understanding how information extracted from any given stratigraphic section differs from what should be expected under constant conditions – that is, it provides a null hypothesis for analysing stratigraphy. It also provides techniques to estimate the completeness of a given stratigraphic section on a given timescale. Sections are less complete at shorter timescales, which means that at sufficiently short timescales and for some purposes, some sedimentary successions may contain essentially no useful information.
For example, the Sadler effect has since been used to investigate whether apparent increases in global sedimentation rates across the last 5 Ma are real; how we might read the record of sediments deposited on continental margins; to interpret fluvial processes such as river avulsion; and to understand what information, and which processes at what timescales, can be preserved in sediments.
# Poșta Veche

Poşta Veche may refer to the following places:
* Poșta Veche, Stângăceaua, Mehedinți County, Romania
* Poșta Veche, Chișinău, Moldova
# Simon Hawking

Simon Hawking (born 5 March 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Hawking was a key position player and made seven appearances for Fitzroy in 1993, his first season. He played all 22 games the following year, as a defender. His efforts at fullback in Fitzroy's round 13 against Hawthorn at Waverley Park, where he kept Jason Dunstall goalless, earned him a 1994 AFL Rising Star nomination. He took 10 marks and had 20 disposals in the win. Hawking was third in the 'best and fairest' award for the '94 season.
At the end of 1996, the Brisbane Lions were formed, and Hawking was one of the Fitzroy players selected to join the new club. He had been recommended to Brisbane by his former Fitzroy teammate Alastair Lynch and needed a knee reconstruction before arriving at Brisbane. Hawking was one of eight players that the Lions picked up from Fitzroy's list, but would be the only one not to play an AFL match. He had been an emergency for the club's first ever league game in 1997.
Brisbane traded him to the Sydney Swans, along with Brent Green, in return for the 31st selection of the 1997 AFL Draft, used on future Brownlow Medalist Simon Black. Plagued by injuries, Hawking didn't make any league appearances for the Swans and retired at the end of the '98 season. After a year out of football he made a return to the AFL, being secured by Collingwood with the 10th selection of the 2000 Pre-season Draft. He was again plagued by injuries and unable to make it into the seniors, announced his (permanent) retirement, four years after playing his last AFL game.
# Kálmán Györgyi

Kálmán Györgyi (24 May 1939 – 17 February 2019) was a Hungarian jurist and academic, who served as Chief Prosecutor of Hungary from 1990 to 2000.

## Career

He graduated from the Eötvös Loránd University in 1964. He studied at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg between 1969 and 1970. After finishing his studies, he became a trainee in the Faculty of Law of the Eötvös Loránd University. He was an adjunct (1965–1969) then associate professor (1979–1990). He served as Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Law between 1979 and 1985. He functioned as Dean from 1989 to 1990. He was a member of the Board of the Hungarian Jurist Association since 1985. He participated in the creation of the Criminal Code between 1974 and 1978.
Györgyi was elected the first Chief Prosecutor after the end of Communism by the National Assembly in 1990. He was re-elected on 4 June 1996. He resigned from his position without giving a reason on 6 March 2000 despite his mandate was to expire in two years. He was replaced by Péter Polt on 15 May 2000. After that Györgyi was appointed Ministerial Commissioner responsible for codification of criminal law, under Minister Ibolya Dávid.
Györgyi died on 17 February 2019, aged 79.

## Awards

* László Szalay Medallion (1988)
* Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1995)
# Sound of Redemption: The Frank Morgan Story

Sound of Redemption: The Frank Morgan Story is a 2014 documentary film directed by N.C. Heikin. The film focuses on Frank Morgan, a jazz saxophonist and the protégé of Charlie Parker. Funding for the film was partially raised through a successful Kickstarter campaign.
Sound of Redemption had its world premiere at the 2014 Los Angeles Film Festival.

## Synopsis

Frank Morgan was a jazz saxophonist who got addicted to heroin and resorted to theft and cons in order to feed his addiction. As a result he spent a large portion of his life in prisons such as San Quentin. The film looks at Morgan's life via his archived footage and concert performances and through interviews with Morgan and the people who knew him. Filming also took place at the San Quentin State Prison showing the preparation and performance of a tribute concert.

## Reception

The Los Angeles Daily News wrote a favorable review for the film, writing "N.C. Heikin's terrific music documentary interweaves a great concert by the late jazzman's admirers and acolytes at the Bay Area prison with a stirring history of both the L.A. music scene and mid-century, African American show business in general. But really, the kickiest part is when it recounts the ingenious criminal schemes Morgan dreamed up to support his gargantuan heroin habit." The Hollywood Reporter was slightly more mixed, stating "Despite a surfeit of talking-head commentary, the film has a strong feel for the emotion behind Frank Morgan's acclaimed bebop."
# De la Serna

de la Serna is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Jacobo de la Serna (born 1965), American ceramic artist, Spanish Colonial scholar, and painter
* Jorge Juan Crespo de la Serna (1887–1978), Mexican artist, art critic and art historian
* José de la Serna e Hinojosa (1770–1832), Spanish general and Viceroy of Peru
* Juan Pérez de la Serna (1570–1631), seventh Archbishop of Mexico
* Pedro Gómez de la Serna (1806–1871), Spanish jurist and politician
* Ramón Gómez de la Serna (1888–1963), Spanish writer
* Rodrigo de la Serna (born 1976), Argentine actor