OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dilation

Dilation (or dilatation) may refer to:

## Physiology or medicine

* Cervical dilation, the widening of the cervix in childbirth, miscarriage etc.
* Coronary dilation, or coronary reflex
* Dilation and curettage, the opening of the cervix and surgical removal of the contents of the uterus
* Dilation and evacuation, the dilation of the cervix and evacuation of the contents of the uterus
* Esophageal dilation, a procedure for widening a narrowed esophagus
* Pupillary dilation (also called mydriasis), the widening of the pupil of the eye
* Vasodilation, the widening of luminal diameter in blood vessels

## Mathematics

* Dilation (affine geometry), an affine transformation
* Dilation (metric space), a function from a metric space into itself
* Dilation (operator theory), a dilation of an operator on a Hilbert space
* Dilation (morphology), an operation in mathematical morphology
* Scaling (geometry), including:
** Homogeneous dilation (homothety), the scalar multiplication operator on a vector space or affine space
** Inhomogeneous dilation, where scale factors may differ in different directions

## Chemistry and physics

* Dilation (physics), size increase
* Thermal expansion of crystalline triglycerides is referred to as dilation
* Scale invariance, a feature of objects or laws that do not change if length scales (or energy scales) are multiplied by a common factor
* Time dilation, the observation that another's clock is ticking at a slower rate as measured by one's own clock

## Music

* Dilate (Bardo Pond album)
* Dilate (Ani DiFranco album)
* Dilate (musical project), ambient solo project of Vampire Rodents keyboardist Victor Wulf
* Dilation (album), 2011 album by comedian Rory Scovel
# Hajipur Baran

Hajipur Baran (Hājīpur Baran) is an abandoned village in Bewar block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it was unpopulated, although the land remains under human use.

## Demographics

The 2011 census recorded Hajipur Baran with a population of 0,$^{:200}$ as did the 1981 census.$^{:188–9}$
The 1961 census, however, recorded Hajipur Baran as being inhabited: it comprised 1 hamlet, with a total population of 25 people (14 male and 11 female), in 6 households and 4 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 261 acres.$^{:xcviii}$

## Land use

According to the 2011 census, Hajipur Baran has a total area of 103.6 hectares, of which 86.8 were currently farmland, 11.6 were fallow lands, and 4.8 were under non-agricultural use. 0.3 hectares were occupied by orchards, and the remaining 4.8 hectares were classified as non-cultivable wasteland. No forests or permanent pastures existed on village lands.$^{:200,206}$
# John Newport Langley

John Newport Langley FRS (2 November 1852 – 5 November 1925) was a British physiologist, who made substantive discoveries about the nervous system and secretion.

## Life

He was born in Newbury, Berkshire the son of John Langley, the local schoolmaster, and his wife, Mary Groom. He was educated at Exeter Grammar School in Devon. In 1871 he won a place at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated MA before continuing multiple postgraduate studies, gaining several doctorates.
He spent his entire career at Cambridge University, beginning as a Demonstrator in lectures in 1875. He began lecturing in Physiology in 1884 and was awarded a professorship in 1903, succeeding Prof Michael Foster.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1883 and later its vice-president. He was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1916.
Langley is known as one of the fathers of the chemical receptor theory, and as the origin of the concept of "receptive substance".
In 1901, he advanced research in neurotransmitters and chemical receptors, working with extracts from adrenal glands. These extracts elicited responses in tissues that were similar to those induced by nerve stimulation.
He coined the term "autonomic nervous system" (ANS) in 1898.
He was the first person who put forward the concept of parasympathetic nervous system as a division of the ANS in 1921.
He died in Cambridge on 5 November 1925, aged 73.

## Publications

* The Autonomic Nervous System (1921)
* Elementary Experimental Physiology

## Recognition

A brass plaque to Langley's memory exists in Trinity College Chapel at Cambridge University.

## Family

Langley married at St. Mary′s church, Montrose, on 10 September 1902 Vera Kathleen Forsythe-Grant (d.1932), third daughter of Frederick Grant Forsyth-Grant, of Ecclesgreig, Kincardineshire.
# Engystomops randi

Engystomops randi is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to western Ecuador. It inhabits lowland deciduous and semi-deciduous forest and evergreen Costa forest. It also inhabits open man-made habitats, such as pastures, near buildings, and agricultural lands (flooded rice fields, banana plantations). Breeding takes place in small pools during the rainy season. The species makes a floating foam nest.
# Isadore Anderson

Axel Isadore Anderson (June 20, 1880 – September 6, 1961) was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and wrestling, and anesthesiologist. He was the first head basketball coach at the University of Missouri, serving one season, in 1906–07. His 1906–07 Missouri Tigers men's basketball team twice beat the Kansas Jayhawks, coached by James Naismith, the inventor of basketball.
Anderson played college football at Missouri, lettering in 1901 and 1903, before graduating in 1904. In addition to coaching basketball, he also was an assistant football coach and wrestling coach at his alma mater. He later referred football in the Missouri River Valley. Anderson worked as an anesthesiologist at Saint Luke's Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri from 1910 until his retirement in 1947. He died at Saint Luke's, on September 6, 1961.
His great-granddaughter is the actress Emily Wickersham.

## Head coaching record
### Basketball

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall |
| Missouri Tigers (Independent) (1906–1907) ||||||
| 1906–07 | Missouri | 10–6 |
| Missouri: | Missouri: | 10–6 |
| Total: | Total: | 10–6 |
# Rudolf Knez

Rudolf Knez (12 September 1944 – 5 August 2022) was a Slovenian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1972 Winter Olympics. He died on 5 August 2022, at the age of 77.
# Joshua Chadbourne

Joshua Francis Chadbourne (April 30, 1873 – December 5, 1959) was born in Centerville (Alameda County), California and died in Fremont, California. He was a businessman who opened the first auto mechanic shop between Hayward, California and San Jose, California in Irvington, California. He also owned a large apricot orchard in Irvington. Chadbourne Elementary School (an elementary school in the Fremont Unified School District) was named after him, as the benefactor of the land for the school.
# KIHS (disambiguation)

KIHS may refer to:
* KIHS, a radio station licensed to Adel, Iowa, United States
* Keewaytinook Internet High School, a virtual school operated by the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council serving aboriginal communities in northern Ontario, Canada
* Kent Island High School, in Stevensville, Maryland, United States
# Pawnee Pass (Indian Peaks)

Pawnee Pass, elevation 12,542 ft (3,823 m), is a mountain pass that crosses the Continental Divide in the Indian Peaks of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the United States. It is located near the Long Lake Trailhead in the Brainard Lake Recreation Area of the Indian Peaks Wilderness. The Pawnee Pass Trail goes up the valley through wooded terrain and makes a short climb to Lake Isabelle. The Cascade Creek Trail continues west from Pawnee Pass.
# Habibur Rahman (Indian politician)

Qari Habibur Rahman Attari Amjadi (1996 – 16 January 2016) was an Indian teacher and politician from West Bengal belonging to Indian National Congress. He was elected as a legislator of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for five times.

## Biography

Rahman was a primary school teacher. He involved with the politics of Indian National Congress during his student life. He was a member of the West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee.
Rahman was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Jangipur in 1972, 1977, 1982 and 1987 for consecutive four times. He contested in 1991 but did not win. Later, he was also elected as a legislator of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Jangipur in 1996.
Rahman contested from Jangipur in 2001 as an independent candidate but did not win. In that year he was suspended from Indian National Congress. Later, his suspension order was withdrawn in 2002. He also contested from Jangipur in 2006 but did not win.
Rahman died on 16 January 2016 at S. S. K. M. Hospital in Kolkata at the age of 79.
# Engystomops coloradorum

Engystomops coloradorum, also known as Colorado dwarf frog, is a species of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to the Pacific lowlands and foothills of the Andes in the Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces, Ecuador.

## Description

Adult males measure 18–24 mm (0.71–0.94 in) and adult females 22–26 mm (0.87–1.02 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is subacuminate. The tympanum is small, recessed, and smooth, whereas the tympanic annulus is granular. The forelimbs are slender; fingers are without webbing. The hind limbs are short and the toes have basal webbing. All dorsal surfaces have small tubercles, and there are large tubercles on head and body. The dorsum is brown and may have an orange-brown middorsal stripe posteriorly. The limbs are orange-brown; forelimbs have dark brown markings and hind limbs have dark brown to black bars. The venter is black and heavily mottled with white or bluish white, which becomes dark brown on flanks and hind limbs. The iris is pale grayish brown or dull bronze and has fine black reticulations.

## Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are tropical moist forests and more open, altered habitats at elevations of 100–1,100 m (330–3,610 ft) above sea level (AmphibiaWebEcuador puts the lower limit to 400 m). It breeds in small, still waterbodies where it makes foam nests. It can be locally abundant but its range is small. Though adaptable, it is probably threatened by habitat loss.
# Tschiener House

The Tschiener House, also known as the Dumas School, was a historic residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The Carpenter Gothic structure was built in 1866. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1982. It was later destroyed by fire. One former outbuilding remains at the site.
# Ministry of Public Works and Transport

Ministry of Public Works and Transport may refer to:
* Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Bahamas)
* Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Cambodia)
* Minister of Public Works and Transport (Hungary) (1848-1889)
* Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Laos)
* Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Lebanon)
* Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Spain)
# Lady Grey Hospital

Lady Grey Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital for the Senqu Local Municipality area in Lady Grey, Eastern Cape in South Africa. It was previously a (private) Provincially Aided Hospital.
The hospital forms a cluster with Empilisweni, Umlamli and Cloete Joubert Hospitals. It is conveniently situated near the farm population it serves, and also handles quite a number of motor vehicle accident (traffic collision) victims, as it is situated next to the busy R58 road linking the east to the west of the North Eastern Cape.
The hospital departments include Emergency department, Gynecology, Maternity and Paediatrics wards, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.
During May to July 2012, the Donald Woods Foundation - an NGO assisting the South African National Department of Health in the management and treatment of HIV/AIDS in rural populations - built a comprehensive ARV-site on the hospital grounds using donor funding; it is fully operational since September 2012.
# Mohammadpur, Firozabad

Mohammadpur (Mohammadpur) is a village in Tundla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 754, in 131 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Mohammadpur had a population of 754, in 131 households.$^{:71}$ This population was 53.1% male (400) and 46.9% female (354). The 0-6 age group numbered 104 (51 male and 53 female), making up 13.8% of the total population. 358 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 47.5% of the total.$^{:86–7}$
The 1981 census recorded Mohammadpur as having a population of 901 people (479 male and 422 female), in 144 households and 144 physical houses.$^{:162–3}$
The 1961 census recorded Mohammadpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 344 people (196 male and 148 female), in 68 households and 54 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 209 acres.$^{:lxxxii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Mohammadpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap and hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of pakka materials.$^{:71–6}$
# Hakodate bugyō

Hakodate bugyō (箱館奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyō, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyō. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor."
Hakodate is a port city on the southern coast of Hokkaidō island, separated from northern Honshū by the Tsugaru Strait. In 1779, the Tokugawa shogunate exerted direct control over Hakodate, and rapid development in the area soon followed.
This bakufu title identifies an official responsible for administration of the port city of Hakodate and neighboring territory of Ezo. The bugyō were also directly responsible for the conduct of relations with foreigners in this region. The office was created in 1802. There were two men holding the title concurrently, one being at any given time in Hadodate and his counterpart would be in Edo; and periodically, the two would exchange places.

## List of Hakodate bugyō

    This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
* Takeuchi Yasunori, 1854-1861.
* Muzuno Tadanori, 1862.
* Muragaki Awaji-no-kami, 1863
* Kurimoto Jōun, 1867.
# Netechma praecipua

Netechma praecipua is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colombia.
# Engystomops pustulatus

Engystomops pustulatus (common name: Guayaquil dwarf frog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is known with certainty from western Ecuador, whereas the status of Peruvian records is ambiguous as they may refer to an undescribed species or possibly Engystomops puyango. Nevertheless, given that E. pustulatus is now known from Huaquillas in southern Ecuador, near the Peruvian border, it is likely to be found in Peru too.

## Description

Adult males measure 25–30 mm (1.0–1.2 in) and adult females 25–36 mm (1.0–1.4 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is visible and round. Maxillary and premaxillary teeth are present. The fingers have no webbing nor expanded discs. The dorsum is strongly tubercular, with enlarged and somewhat elongated tubercles forming a "ʌ" pattern in the scapular region. The belly is smooth. There is an elongated row of glands on the flank.

## Habitat and ecology

Engystomops pustulatus inhabits scrub savanna, Pacific tropical forests, and equatorial dry forests at elevations up to 530 m (1,740 ft) above sea level. It can also be found in human-modified habitats. It is an explosive breeder that lays the eggs in foam nests in temporary pools. Juveniles feed primarily on small food items such as termites and ants. Adults prey upon larger items, such as snails, coleopterans, and isopods.

## Conservation

Engystomops pustulatus can be abundant during reproductive events. Though an adaptable species, it is potentially threatened by habitat loss. It is present in the Machalilla National Park.
# Tung Chung Development Pier

Tung Chung Development Pier (Chinese: 東涌發展碼頭) also known as Tung Chung New Development Ferry Pier (東涌新發展碼頭) and Tung Chung New Ferry Pier (東涌新碼頭) is a ferry pier in Tung Chung Waterfront Road (東涌海濱路), Tung Chung, Lantau Island, New Territories, Hong Kong. It was built to replace Tung Chung Old Ferry Pier that is located further west, in Ma Wan Chung (馬灣涌).

## Ferry service
### East Berth

The former ferry service between Tuen Mun and Tung Chung New Development Ferry Pier (East Berth), operated by New World First Ferry (now known as Sun Ferry), ceased operation on 1 July 2008. It was replaced by KMB bus route E33P between Tuen Mun and the airport via Tung Chung.

### West Berth

There is a ferry service between Tuen Mun and Tai O, via Tung Chung New Development Ferry Pier (West Berth) and Sha Lo Wan, operated by Fortune Ferry.
# Minuscule 650

Minuscule 650 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 399 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener labelled it by 726$^e$.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 219 parchment leaves (size 17.5 cm by 13 cm), with some lacunae (Matthew 1:1-10:1; Luke 23:56; John 1:1-18). The text is written in one column per page, 18-24 lines per page.
It contains the tables of the κεφαλαια before each of the Gospels, the Ammonian Sections, (not the Eusebian Canons), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, liturgical books with hagiographies (Synaxarion and Menologion), subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of στιχοι.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Kurt Aland placed it in Category V. Wisse did not examine its text by using his Profile Method.

## History

F. H. A. Scrivener and C. R. Gregory dated the manuscript to the 13th century. Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 12th century.
Formerly the manuscript was held in Constantinople (Hellenikou Philologikou Sullogou 5). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.
The manuscript currently is housed at the Turkish Historical Society (5), at Ankara.
# Private Selby

Private Selby is a 1912 thriller novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace. It was one of a number of books and plays written before the First World War about the dangers of a future German invasion of Britain. The hero Dick Selby had first appeared in a serial in the Sunday Journal in 1909 and was modelled on Wallace himself.
# Lake Akkeshi

Akkeshi-ko (厚岸湖) is a brackish lake near Akkeshi in Hokkaidō, Japan. The wetlands of Lake Akkeshi and Bekanbeushi Marsh (別寒辺牛湿原) have been designated a Ramsar site.

## Wetlands

Lake Akkeshi, 11 metres (36 ft) deep at its deepest point, is fed by the Bekanbeushi River (別寒辺牛川) and adjoins Akkeshi Bay. It is surrounded by salt marsh, fens, and bogs.

## Birds

Since a part of this lake does not freeze, whooper swans and ducks winter there. The white-tailed eagle and Steller's sea eagle also visit. There is a 381ha Japanese crane sanctuary.

## Sustainable use

Fishing and the aquaculture of oysters and clams occur in the lake.
# Jack of plate

A jack of plate is a type of armour made up of small iron plates sewn between layers of felt and canvas. They were commonly referred to simply as a "jack" (although this could also refer to any outer garment). This type of armour was used by common Medieval European soldiers as well as by the rebel peasants known as Jacquerie. The present day equivalent is perhaps a bullet-proof vest.

## Similarities with the brigandine

The jack is similar to the brigandine. The main difference is in the method of construction: a brigandine is riveted whereas a jack is sewn. Jacks of plate were created by stitching as many as 1000 small overlapping squares of iron between two canvases. The garments weighed about 17 pounds (7.7 kg), which made them much more acceptable to the wearer than solid breastplates. They also offered a tactical advantage: they allowed soldiers to rest the butts of weapons firmly against their shoulders, which wasn't feasible with smooth-surfaced plate armours. Unlike plate they made no attempt to be bulletproof. Jacks were often made from recycled pieces of older plate armor, including damaged brigandines and cuirasses cut into small squares.
The image opposite shows the internal construction of a reproduction jack being made by a member of The Tudor Group.

## Use in Scotland

The jack was particularly favoured in Scotland. After the death of James V of Scotland in December 1542, Cardinal Beaton ordered the keeper of the royal wardrobe John Tennent to give the king's jack of plate to his lawyer Adam Otterburn. In July 1547, James Hamilton, the Regent of Scotland, had a new jack covered with purple taffeta, then changed his mind, choosing purple velvet. During the rebellion against Mary, Queen of Scots known as the Chaseabout Raid, it was said in September 1565 that while her husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley wore a gilt corslet or breastplate, the rest of the lords "after their country fashion" wore jacks.

## Use in Jamestown

Jacks remained in use as late as the 16th century and were often worn by Scottish border reivers along the Anglo-Scottish border. Although they were obsolete in Britain by the time of the English Civil War, many were taken to the New World by settlers like the Pilgrims because they provided excellent protection from the arrows used by Native Americans. One dating back to 1607 was found on Jamestown Island, the first settlement of the Colony of Virginia, in 2005.