OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elizabeth Garrett (songwriter)

Elizabeth Garrett (October 9, 1885 – October 16, 1947) was a musician and songwriter who composed New Mexico's official state song, "O Fair New Mexico".

## Biography

Garrett's father, Pat Garrett, was a Western lawman best known for killing Billy the Kid near Fort Sumner, New Mexico in 1881. Her mother was Apolinaria Gutierrez. Shortly after birth, Elizabeth was discovered to be blind, likely after suffering an infection of the eyes. U.S. Vice President John Nance Garner, a family acquaintance, commented that Pat Garrett gave his daughter "everything to make her happy and I think finally made quite a musician of her." In 1892, Elizabeth was enrolled in a school for the blind in Austin, Texas, where she studied piano, organ, and voice. She graduated in 1904 and then received further musical training in New York and Chicago.
From 1907 to 1915, Garrett taught at the New Mexico Institute for the Blind in Alamogordo. She gave small concerts around the United States and was promoted as the "Songbird of the Southwest."
In 1915, three years after New Mexico was admitted to the U.S. as the 47th state, Garrett wrote O Fair New Mexico. Written in the form of a tango, the legislature officially adopted it as New Mexico's state song in 1917. John Philip Sousa made an arrangement of it in 1928.
Garrett moved to Roswell, New Mexico, in 1920 and taught piano in addition to writing song lyrics and music. Later in life, she developed a friendship with the blind author and political activist Helen Keller. She died on October 16, 1947, after a fall on a city street in Roswell.
# Gabriela Baeza

Gabriela Baeza Zamora is a Mexican environmental activist, speaker and expert in sustainable development, recognized for popularizing the zero waste movement in Latin America through the documentary short film El Reto which was released on July 8, 2017. Since then, Baeza has lectured at conferences in important events on environmental issues, such as the Green Expo, the Ecofest and the Circular Economy Congress of Mexico. In July 2019, the newspaper El País included her in its list of the "10 world leaders who do not give up".

## Early life and studies

Baeza was born in Mexico City. She studied Environmental Sciences and later did a specialization in Environmental and Ecological Economics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM. She subsequently pursued a master's degree in Sustainable Development with the Universities of Utrecht and Leipzig. During her stay in Europe she gave lectures on conservation in countries such as Austria, Serbia and Croatia.

## Career

After obtaining her master's degree, Baeza became professionally linked to the German Cooperation for Sustainable Development GIZ, serving as an advisor to the waste energy use program. In 2016 she began to implement in her daily life the concepts promulgated by the zero waste movement, a lifestyle that is based on the reuse of waste that is normally stored or incinerated, thus contributing to the decontamination of the planet. In 2017, Baeza achieved notoriety in his native country and in Latin America by producing and directing the documentary short film El Reto (The Challenge), in which he recounts his experience since he embraced this lifestyle. The short, made by a small local production company, had a strong impact on social networks, achieving millionaire views.
Since that time, Baeza has appeared several times in the media, where she explains the philosophy of the movement and provides advice for it to be applied effectively in homes. As a lecturer, she has participated in important environmental events such as the Mexico Circular Economy Congress, the Green Expo and the Ecofest, among others. Baeza is considered an 'influencer' in the Mexican environmental movement.
The method proposed by Baeza involves the use of glass containers and paper bags, bulk purchases, reuse and recycling. On her blog, Baeza provides advice on the subject and offers environmental awareness content.

## Filmography

2017 - El Reto (The Challenge) - documentary short film
# Eliza (shipwreck)

Eliza was a sloop-rigged longboat that was involved in the rescue of the survivors of the wreck of Sydney Cove in 1797.
Eliza sailed from Sydney on 30 May 1797 to Preservation Island in Bass Strait. On arrival Eliza took on board several survivors and some cargo. Under the command of Archibald Armstrong (who was sailing master aboard HMS Supply, Eliza sailed for Sydney but was never seen again.
In 1803 HMS Calcutta found a large boat between Port Phillip and Westernport and it was thought that it was Eliza.

## Citations

* ↑ "Eliza Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number S214". Victorian Heritage Database. Heritage Victoria.
* ↑ Bateson & Loney (1972), p. 24.
# GIU

GIU may refer to:
* Gang intelligence unit
* Gelao Mulao language
* Government Investment Unit of Indonesia
* Sigiriya Airport, in Sri Lanka
* Giu (Mandaeism), a demon in Mandaeism
# Elkton, Illinois

Elkton is an unincorporated community in Oakdale Township, Washington County, Illinois, United States. Elkton is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northwest of Oakdale.
# Gaetano Alemani

Gaetano Alemani (or Alamanni; 1728 - 14 December 1782) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Bologna in the architectural and ornamental painting (quadratura) for the decoration of churches and theatres, as well as a scenic designer.

## Biography

Born in Bologna, he was a pupil of Stefano Orlandi and Mauro Tesi. Among his works are decorations at the Chapel of the Nativity of the Virgin in San Biago, Bologna; the main chapel of the archiepiscopal church of Pizzocalvo; the altar of San Rocco in San Petronio in Bologna, decorations in the Church delle Grazie; scenes for the Theater of the College of San Luigi, Teatro Zagnoni, and the Public Theater in 1763, 1778, and 1782; ceilings in casa Corbici of Forlì; scenes painted alongside Vincenzo Martinelli for the Teatro comunale inaugurated in 1775; frescoed quadratura for villa Ercolani della Crocetta, and a large number of decorations (1779) for the church of the Carmine in Forlì. He became a member of the Accademia Clementina.
One source states Gaetano learned scenic design with Antonio Bibiena.
# Gabriele Bühlmann

Gabriele "Gaby" Bühlmann (born 27 April 1964, in Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss rifle shooter who competed at five Olympic Games from 1988 to 2004.

## Shooting career

Bühlmann won 14 ISSF World Cup medals between 1987 and 2002, competing at four World Cup Finals. She competed at three ISSF World Championships, with a best finish of fourth in the Women's 50m Three Position Rifle at the 1994 Chamhionships.
She is, jointly with equestrian Markus Fuchs, the seventh Swiss sportsperson to compete at five Olympics, after middle-distance runner Paul Martin, equestrians Henri Chammartin and Gustav Fischer, javelin thrower Urs von Wartburg, equestrian Christine Stückelberger, and Alpine skier Paul Accola.

## Coaching career

She is the coach of 2008 Beijing Olympics gold medal-winning 10m air-rifle shooter Abhinav Bindra. She is co-author of Ways of the Rifle, a seminal coaching book on ISSF rifle disciplines.
# Elizaveta Litvinova

Elizaveta Fedorovna Litvinova (1845–1919?) was a Russian mathematician and pedagogue. She is the author of over 70 articles about mathematics education.

## Early life and education

Born in 1845 in czarist Russia as Elizaveta Fedorovna Ivashkina, she completed her early education at a women's high school in Saint Petersburg. In 1866 Elizaveta married Viktor Litvinov, who, unlike Vladimir Kovalevsky (Sofia Kovalevskaya's husband), would not allow her to travel to Europe to study at the universities there. Thus, Litvinova started to study with Strannoliubskii, who had also privately tutored Kovalevskaya.
In 1872, as soon as her husband died, Litvinova went to Zürich and enrolled at a polytechnic institute. In 1873 the Russian czar decreed all Russian women studying in Zürich had to return to Russia or face the consequences. Litvinova was one of the few to ignore the decree and she remained to continue her studies, earning her baccalaureate in Zürich in 1876. She completed her doctoral degree in 1878 from the University of Bern, as a student of Ludwig Schläfli, becoming the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics in Switzerland.

## Career and later life

When Litvinova returned to Russia, she was denied university appointments because she had defied the 1873 recall. She taught at a women's high school and supplemented her meager income by writing biographies of more famous mathematicians such as Kovalevskaya and Aristotle. After retiring, Litvinova moved to the countryside in 1917. Although no subsequent records have been found, it is believed that she must have died soon after, possibly in the Russian famine of 1921–1922 or earlier.
# Elisa García Sáez

Elisa García Sáez (1916-1936) was a trade unionist, radical feminist and anti-fascist that fought as a militiawoman in the Spanish Civil War.

## Biography

Elisa García Sáez was born in 1916, in the Sant Andreu district of Barcelona. She worked in the district's Fabra i Coats [ca] factory, where she first became involved in feminist and syndicalist activism, joining a young women's cooperative, as well as the General Union of Workers (UGT) and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM).
Following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, she took up arms and joined a column of the confederal militias on the Aragon Front. She was seriously injured during the bombardment of Tardienta by the Nationalists. She was transferred to the Republican hospital at Sarinyena, where she died of her injuries, on 24 August 1936. She was one of the first militiawoman to die during the war.
Her obituary in Solidaridad Obrera declared:
   "[...] She did not accept a non-military role for women, since she understood that they had to fight like men and it was only up to cowards to refuse armed struggle [...]."

## Recognition

The deaths of the first militiawomen caused a stir on the Republican side. The news about the death of Elisa García was collected in the newspaper ABC, which published the final words that Elisa wrote in a letter to her mother, Teresa:
   "[...] Don't feel sorry for me; I will see to it that nothing happens to me: but if something happened to me by chance, think that others like me would have fallen too. If I knew that by giving my life I could end the murders of the working class, I would gladly give it. If you were told that fighting is not for women, say that the performance of revolutionary duty belongs to every person who is not a coward. [...]"
A street in Sant Andreu, Carrer de les Monges, was renamed in her honour by the Republicans, but following the fall of Catalonia in 1939, its name was reverted to its original form by the Nationalists. Currently there is a plaque that mentions it on the corner with Carrer Sócrates.
During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, the epitaph on Elisa García's tombstone was damaged with a hammer and chisel by order of the Francoist mayor of Sarinyena. It was left illegible, which moved a group of the town's residents to try to restore it. On 14 April 2012, the anniversary of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, a tribute was paid to Elisa García Sáez in the municipal cemetery of Sarinyena. Several residents of the locality remembered the figure of the militiawoman, making a call to the population to help recover the deleted words and to restore their memory.
In October 2018, a garden named after her was inaugurated in Carrer del Cinca, in her home neighbourhood of Sant Andreu de Palomar.
# Ellora's Cave

Ellora's Cave was an independent erotic fiction publisher. It was launched in 2000, and initially published in e-book only format and later moved into print. Ellora's Cave published in several genres, which included but were not limited to adult romance, erotica, erotica for men, non-fiction, and traditional romance.

## History

The publisher launched in 2000 and initially published erotic fiction, which they dubbed and trademarked "romantica", in e-book only format. Their business model was met with success, which Fayetteville State University professor Sarah S.G. Frantz credited to the publisher offering material that authors and readers would not be able to publish or purchase in many other places. Ellora's Cave later moved into print and in 2012 sold an estimated 200,000 books per month, with their best-selling subgenre stated as BDSM erotic romance.
In 2013 the publisher began experiencing a drop in revenue, which continued into the following year. Ellora's Cave's founder Tina Engler credited this drop to Amazon, particularly their Kindle Direct Publishing program. Citing a decline in sales, the publisher reduced their staff and eliminated several projects in 2014. That same year the book blog Dear Author published an article about the company's financial issues entitled "The Curious Case of Ellora's Cave", which made several claims, including one that authors were not receiving royalty checks. Ellora's Cave responded to the claims, calling them false and filed a defamation lawsuit against Dear Author, citing that the blog irreparably damaged the company. They also stated that the royalty checks were not sent out due to issues with new accounting software. Dear Author responded by filing a counter claim. The suit was settled in 2015, with the terms confidential. Ellora's Cave threatened the Romance Writers of America in May 2016 with a defamation suit over allegations made by the RWA claiming that Ellora's Cave was not paying their authors their full royalties.
In October 2016 author Stacia Kane posted on her website that Ellora's Cave had begun the process of closing and on December 31, 2016 Ellora's Cave shuttered their operations.

## Notable authors from Ellora's Cave

* Jaid Black
* Sylvia Day
* Shoshanna Evers
* Stacia Kane
* Angela Knight
* Lora Leigh
* December Quinn
* Shiloh Walker
* Kord Stone
# Else Hertzer

Else Hertzer (1884–1978) was a 20th-century German artist representing the German Expressionism Movement. Her later works became more abstract.

## Life

She was born Else Heintze on 24 November 1884 at 22 Collegienstrasse in Wittenberg close to Martin Luther's house.
In 1909 (on marriage) she moved to Altonaer Strasse in the Tiergarten district of Berlin. Between 1911 and 1913 she spent much time with her in-laws in Buttstadt in Thuringia in central Germany. Here she began producing drypoint etchings and several paintings. From 1918 she joined the Berlin Secession Movement. Her first publicly exhibited painting was "Frohnau".
Around 1919 began formal studies at the Academy of Arts in Berlin, alongside George Mosson. In 1929 she went to Paris for further lessons under Andre Lhote.
During the Second World War she received a peculiar commission from her home town to create a series of wall murals for a communal bunker serving as an air-raid shelter. The murals depicted the history of Wittenberg. Wittenberg's location and lack of strategic importance meant that the town (and bunker) escaped without damage, but the bunker was later removed when under GDR control.
Following her 90th birthday the Berliner Morgenpost commented on her continuing freshness of style and enduring popularity.
She died at 7 Dortmunder Strasse in West Berlin on 9 February 1978.

## Family

In 1909 she married Otto Hertzer, gaining the name Else Hertzer.

## Exhibitions

* Else Hertzer & Brun-Stiller, Parkhaus im Englischen Garten, West Berlin, 1962
* Else Hertzer, Haus der Kirche, West Berlin, 1969
* Else Hertzer zum 90. Geburtstag: Gemälde, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Radierungen, Parkhaus im Englischen Garten Berlin, 1966, 1970 und 17. Juni–15. Juli 1975
* Das nachgelassene Werk aus 70 Jahren, Haus am Lützowplatz, West Berlin, 1979
* Der Fläming bei Wittenberg, Dreißig Originalwerke aus den Jahren 1907 bis 1951, Historischer Saal des Simonettihauses, Coswig (Anhalt), 2016
* Luther und die Kühe. 20 Bilder der Avantgarde-Künstlerin Else Hertzer, Vlora-Café, Wittenberg, 2017
* „Else Hertzer“ – Bilder aus dem Fläming, agnes neuhaus café, Berlin-Niederschönhausen, 9. Juni 2017–15. Juli 2017
* Retrospektive "Else Hertzer. Die Vielseitige. Wittenberg. Berlin. Buttstädt. Paris", Kunsthaus Apolda, 30. Juni bis 1. September 2019 (Aufgerufen am 13. Juli. 2019)
* "Else Hertzer. Kriegsmappe 1945", Museum of Municipal Collections in the Zeughaus, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, 2019
* Wiederentdeckt: Else Hertzer (1884–1978) – Aquarelle und Zeichnungen aus Füssen, den Alpen, Wittenberg und Berlin, Museum der Stadt Füssen, 20. Juni 2020 bis 6. September 2020

## Publications

* Parthenon Vertag (1924) 250 hand-printed copies including six woodcuts
# Elysia diomedea

Elysia diomedea is a species of sea slug found throughout the Pacific coast of Central America.
This sea slug resembles a nudibranch but is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead belonging to a closely related clade, Sacoglossa, the "sap-sucking" sea slugs.

## Description

Elysia diomedea grows to a length of about 50 millimetres (2.0 in). It is a pale green colour with longitudinal streaks of white. The parapodia are densely convoluted and edged with orange and black. They are not joined at the front and when they are spread apart, they reveal blue spots underneath. Parts of the gut ramify into the foot, causing green patches which are interspersed with translucent white streaks. The rhinophores have longitudinal stripes of yellow and black.

## Distribution

Elysia diomedea is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Central America including the Gulf of Panama and the Gulf of California, where it is common. It lives at depths of up to 20 metres (66 ft).

## Biology

Elysia diomedea exhibits kleptoplasty in the same way as do the closely related Elysia clarki and Elysia crispata. When it feeds on algae, some of the chloroplasts that it has ingested remain in its tissues. It then makes use of the energy they produce as they continue to photosynthesize. To maximise this, the slug is often seen in sunlit shallow waters, spreading its parapodia.
Elysia diomedea deposits its eggs in an "egg ribbon" which forms a flat spiral. The eggs are very tiny, which suggests that they pass through a veliger larval stage as part of the zooplankton before settling on the seabed, undergoing metamorphosis and becoming juvenile crawling slugs.
# Elysia maoria

Elysia maoria is a species of marine gastropod mollusk in the family Plankobranchidae. It is found off of New Zealand.

## Description

As a type of sea slug, Elysia maoria does not have a shell. Sacoglossans are also known as “sap sucking slugs” with a single row of teeth on the radula used for sucking algae. They are small, green oval-like creatures using parapodia for movement. Parapodia are the muscular appendages used similarly to an undulating fin to swim, making wavy movements. It is believed that Elysia maoria live a long planktonic stage after hatching, but not much is known about these creatures. This species reaches sexual maturity once it has surpassed 20mm in length. They typically develop to be 25-26mm long once fully grown.
Elysia maoria is an herbivore that utilizes its radula with a single row of teeth to latch onto algae and suck fluids out of it. They are then digested. Some Elysia species such as E. chlorotica are known to keep the chloroplasts to photosynthesize. It is not known if E. maoria engages in this process known as kleptoplasty as well.

## Distribution and habitat

E. maoria can be found in the New Zealand exclusive economic zone. It primarily lives in benthic, temperate zones along the shorelines of islands. It can be found making habitats and laying eggs on top of the pads of Codium, a common green alga.

## Reproduction

Elysia maoria have gonad follicles inside of their parapodia. Males hypodermically impregnate females, meaning that their penis pierces the body wall of the females, releasing sperm into their body cavity, beneath their skin that then finds its way to the eggs. The fertilized ova then “pass to the exterior through the glandular oviduct where they receive an albumen coat and a membrane and are bound into a ribbon by two mucous coats.”
The larvae have been photographed living on Codium species in Sacoglossans flattened spirals, which are long egg ribbons that protect the eggs until the larvae are ready to hatch. The larva hatch approximately two weeks later.
Males have sperm-producing follicles with branched prostate glands above them and reticulate albumen glands below them. Their penis lacks a hollow spine, unlike other Elysia species, leading scientists to question how it is able to penetrate the female. The males begin sexual behavior before the females do, indicating that they reach the proper length for sexual maturity first. Females contain ova-producing follicles and two genital apertures, but no vagina.
# Elizabeth A. Hayden

Elizabeth Ann Hayden is a judge in Stearns County, Minnesota. She was first appointed by Governor Rudy Perpich in 1986. She served as assistant Stearns County attorney from 1981 to 1986. She has served on the Minnesota Supreme Court Advisory Committee on General Rules of Practice. In 2009, she was appointed to preside over the election contest from the United States Senate election in Minnesota, 2008.
She is a graduate of the College of St. Benedict (B.A.) and the Oklahoma City University School of Law (J.D.). She resides in St. Cloud, Minnesota.
Judge Hayden retired from the bench on December 11, 2009.
# Elizabeth A. Mannix

Elizabeth A. Mannix is the professor of Management and Organizations at Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management, and the Director of the Institute for the Social Sciences at Cornell University. She obtained her PhD from the University of Chicago.
Professor Mannix's research and teaching interests include: effective performance in organizational teams, power and alliances, negotiation and conflict, organizational change and leadership. Recently, she has been studying the effects of informal power in teams, and the multi-faceted effects of diversity on performance in organizational groups.
Professor Mannix's work has been published in such journals as: Administrative Science Quarterly, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, and the Academy of Management Journal. She is the co-editor of the book series Research on Managing Groups and Teams, now in its 9th volume. Mannix is also an associate editor of the Academy of Management Review. She received the 2000-2001 Clifford H. Whitcomb Faculty Fellowship, as well as the 2001 EMBA Globe Award for Excellence in teaching.

## Recent Publications

* Mannix, E. A., M. Neale, M., and S. Blount-Lyon, Eds. (2004). Research in Managing Groups and Teams: Temporal Issues. Oxford: Elsevier Science Press.
* Lovaglia, M., Mannix, E., Samuelson, C., Sell, J., & Wilson, R. (2004). "Conflict, power and status in groups." In M. S. Poole & A. B. Hollingshead (Eds). Theories of Small Groups: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.
* Jackson, K., E. Mannix, R. Peterson and W. Trochim (2004). A Multi-Faceted Approach to Intra-Group Conflict: Issues of Theory and Measure. Ithaca, Center for Leadership - JGSM Cornell.
* Jackson, K., R. Peterson, E. Mannix and W. Trochim (2004). Exploring Conflict Resolution Strategies: Building Towards a Theory and Measurement. Ithaca, Center for Leadership - JGSM Cornell.
* Mannix, E. and K. A. Jehn (2004). "Let's Storm and Norm, but Not Right Now: Investigating Models of Group Development and Performance" in Research on Managing Groups and Teams: Temporal Issues. Oxford: Elsevier Science Press. 6.
# Galvarinus chilensis

The Chilean slender snake (Galvarinus chilensis) is a genus of snake in the family Colubridae.
It is found in Chile and Argentina.