OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Three cups problem

The three cups problem, also known as the three cup challenge and other variants, is a mathematical puzzle that, in its most common form, cannot be solved.
In the beginning position of the problem, one cup is upside-down and the other two are right-side up. The objective is to turn all cups right-side up in no more than six moves, turning over exactly two cups at each move.
The solvable (but trivial) version of this puzzle begins with one cup right-side up and two cups upside-down. To solve the puzzle in a single move, turn up the two cups that are upside down — after which all three cups are facing up. As a magic trick, a magician can perform the solvable version in a convoluted way, and then ask an audience member to solve the unsolvable version.

## Proof of impossibility

To see that the problem is insolvable (when starting with just one cup upside down), it suffices to concentrate on the number of cups the wrong way up. Denoting this number by $W$, the goal of the problem is to change $W$ from 1 to 0, i.e. by $-1$. The problem is insolvable because any move changes $W$ by an even number. Since a move inverts two cups and each inversion changes $W$ by $+1$ (if the cup was the right way up) or $-1$ (otherwise), a move changes $W$ by the sum of two odd numbers, which is even, completing the proof.
Another way of looking is that, at the start, 2 cups are in the "right" orientation and 1 is "wrong". Changing 1 right cup and 1 wrong cup, the situation remains the same. Changing 2 right cups results in a situation with 3 wrong cups, after which the next move restores the original status of 1 wrong cup. Thus, any number of moves results in a situation either with 3 wrongs or with 1 wrong, and never with 0 wrongs.
More generally, this argument shows that for any number of cups, it is impossible to reduce $W$ to 0 if it is initially odd. On the other hand, if $W$ is even, inverting cups two at a time will eventually result in $W$ equaling 0.
# Three finger

Three finger may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* "Three Fingers", a song from the Buckethead album Enter the Chicken
* Three Fingered Jenny, a 1916 American silent short mystery directed by Edward LeSaint and written by Harvey Gates
* A character in the film series Wrong Turn
* Scruggs style, a banjo style also known as three-finger style

## Geography

* Three Fingers (Washington), a prominent mountain in the Northern Cascades in Washington, United States
* Three Finger Lake, in Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Three Fingered Jack, a Pleistocene volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon, United States
* Three Fingers Lookout, historic fire observation building

## People

* Mordecai Brown, nicknamed "Three Finger" or "Miner", American Major League Baseball pitcher
* William White (gangster), "Three Fingers", a Prohibition gangster and member of the Chicago Outfit
* Robert H. Birch, Robert H. "Three-Fingered" Birch, a 19th-century American adventurer, soldier and prospector
* Three Fingered Jack (Jamaica), leader of slave runaways
* Three Finger Brice, American baseballer
* Tommy Lucchese, Italian-American gangster

## Salutes

* Three-finger salute (Serbian), a salute used by Serbs
* Three-finger salute (Sicilian), a salute used by Sicilian nationalists and separatists
* Three-finger salute (pro-democracy), a gesture originally from the Hunger Games books and films and later used in protests in Myanmar and Thailand
* Three-finger salute, a jocular term for the three-key command Control-Alt-Delete
* Scout sign and salute, the salute of the World Scouting Movement

## Other uses

* Three-toed sloth, an animal species
* Three-finger toxin, a toxin protein
* Control-Alt-Delete, a jocular term for the three key combination that causes an operating system interrupt
* Sign of the cross, a blessing gesture also known as three finger cross
# Thomas P. Wheelock

Thomas P. Wheelock (1813–1864) was an American inventor and gunsmith. Together with his brother-in-law Ethan Allen, they produced several single-action revolvers and rifles in the United States during the mid-19th century.
# Three Little Fish and the Big Bad Shark

Three Little Fish and the Big Bad Shark is a children's picture book written by Ken Geist, illustrated by Julia Gorton, and first published by Heinemann in 2007. The American edition was published by Scholastic in New York. The story is a comically aquatic version of the classic fable "The Three Little Pigs".

## Plot summary

Mother fish sends her children to move to their homes. The first little fish builds a house of seaweed, the second little fish builds a house of sand, and the third little fish is an owner of a sunken old ship. A great white shark munches the seaweed house, after which the first little fish goes to the second little fish's house, but the shark subsequently munches on the sand house. Both escape from the shark and run to their sister's house. When the shark bites the old sunken ship, all of the shark's teeth fall out and the three little fishes start to have a happy life forever.

## Reception

In a positive review for School Library Journal, librarian Jayne Damron wrote, "Gorton's whimsical, computer-drawn scenery and electric color palette set just the right tone for Geist's tongue-in-cheek retelling. The bold font is humorously integrated with the art, appearing inside the shark's mouth for emphasis, or swirling along the current with an escaping fish. This spunky tale is a welcome addition to storytime and picture-book collections." Library Media Connection agreed, writing, "What makes this an effective version of the familiar tale is the bright colors, large depictions of the characters, and dynamic text that changes and moves with the story and its emphasis."
Publishers Weekly had a favourable review of both the writing and illustrations, stating, "Geist stays true to the plot of the original text but makes this story his own with the addition of clever rhymes ('Not by the skin of my finny fin fin') and inventive puns ('We fish stick together'). Gorton's digitally rendered underwater world is jam-packed with sea life in vivid blues and greens and creates a dynamic setting that bustles with activity and movement." Citing the same puns as well as the appearance of sand, seaweed, and a shipwreck, The Lima News said "this book is sure to be a favorite read-aloud for fans of sea creatures". Jackie Braun wrote in The Flint Journal, "Julia Gorton's illustrations are as fresh and fun as this amusing, updated tale", while Merry von Seggern said, "Be sure to include the fractured fairy tale ... for a few giggles and smiles."
In a review for YA Books Central, Michelle Lynn said, "It's a lot of fun with colorful images and lines that make kids giggle as they say them. Kids will love this. It couldn't quite hold the attention of the two-year-old I read it with, but she was almost there. The small, compact style of the book makes it super easy for little hands to hold and flip through because at that age they want to start doing everything themselves."
# Thomas Pearsall

Thomas Pearsall may refer to:
* Thomas Pearsall (Australian politician) (1920–2003), Australian politician
* Thomas Pearsall (cricketer) (born 1943), English cricketer
* Thomas J. Pearsall (1903–1981), American attorney, politician and philanthropist from North Carolina
# Japanese civil war

Japanese civil war may refer to:
* Civil War of Wa
* Sengoku period
* Boshin War
# Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome

Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by shortening of the ribs, narrowing of the chest, mild shortening of the limbs (rhizomelia), hydrocephalus, and variable developmental delays. It has been described in two siblings born to consanguineous Pakistani parents.
# Thoracic aortic plexus

The thoracic aortic plexus is a sympathetic plexus in the region of the thoracic aorta.
# Three-striped hemispingus

The three-striped hemispingus (Microspingus trifasciatus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
It is found in Bolivia and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Thylactus densepunctatus

Thylactus densepunctatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chiang and Li in 1984. It is known from China.
# Thylactus analis

Thylactus analis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Franz in 1954. It is known from China.
# Ticelia

Ticelia was a supposed city and diocese, in Cyrenaica. The article by Siméon Vailhé in the 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia expressed perplexity about its identity or existence. The supposed bishopric is not accepted into the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.
# Ticengo

Ticengo (Soresinese: Tisènch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cremona.
Ticengo borders the following municipalities: Casaletto di Sopra, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Romanengo, Salvirola, Soncino.
# Tilden Smith

Tilden Smith is a CEO and co-founder of pet product company, International Pet Solutions, which he helped found in fall of 2009. Since the inception of IPS, Smith and his business partner created the company's first product, the PetLawn, an indoor outhouse for pets. In the past year since PetLawn's introduction on the market, The PetLawn is now on the shelf in over 130 stores throughout the United States and Canada. Smith graduated in 2012 from Chapman University, majoring in Business Administration with an emphasis in Entrepreneurship.
in Spring 2011, Smith and his business partner were first-place winners in Chapman University's Argyros School of Business & Economics annual business competition. In addition to receiving a 1st-place winner plaque, Smith and his business partner received mentoring from an angel investor who gave advice on business strategy.
In August 2011, Smith and his company were featured in Forbes magazine's article on Student Entrepreneurs. Tilden was one of nine students chosen from colleges across the United States. All 9 entrepreneurs met together in Austin, Texas prior to the publication of the feature article and participated in a round-table discussion with Michael Dell, CEO and Founder of Dell Inc. During Smith's interview with Forbes, he announced that International Pet Solutions would be introducing new products to the market that fall and updating PetLawn's design.
Smith was awarded the title of one of "The Hottest 25 People in Orange County" in the November 2011 issue of OC Metro magazine. For the past 21 years the editors of OC Metro have selected the "Hottest 25" movers and shakers and most influential people in Orange County. Smith and his company were featured in the December 2011 issue of Entrepreneur Magazine, "Undergrads Clean Up With an 'Indoor Outhouse' Business for Pets". Smith and his company were featured in Inc. Magazine in March 2012 and a 2012 winner of Inc. Magazine's "America’s Coolest College Start-Ups 2012".
Smith's products are now in nearly 200 U.S. stores and have expanded into Canada, Panama and Venezuela.
# Jean Benedetti

Jean Benedetti (1930–2012) was an actor and playwright best known for his studies of Konstantin Stanislavski.

## Selected works

Books
* Gilles de Rais biography (1972)
* Stanislavski: An Introduction (1982)
* Stanislavski: A Biography (1989)
* Stanislavski and The Actor (1998)
* Garrick and the Birth of Modern Theatre (2001)
Plays
* The Good Shoemaker and the Poor Fish Peddler (1965)
# Jean Benedicti

Jean Benedicti was a French Franciscan theologian of the sixteenth century.
He belonged to the Observantine Province of Tours and Poitiers. He became in time secretary of the order and in this capacity accompanied the minister-general, Christopher a Capite Fontium, throughout the whole of Europe in the latter's canonical visitation of Franciscan houses.
Afterwards he was made commissary-general of the French and visitor of many Italian Provinces, and in order to fulfill a vow went on a pilgrimage to Palestine. Luke Wadding says that he was a man of distinguished parts and great culture, having mastered the learning of his day and being conversant with the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin tongues.
His remains were interred in the Friary at Laval.

## Works

In 1599 the first edition of his Somme des péchés et le remède d'iceux comprenant tous les cas de conscience was published in Paris, and was immediately in demand among confessors. After having been revised, corrected, and augmented by the Theological Faculty of Paris, it reached a fifteenth edition.
He also wrote La triomphante victoire de la Sainte Vierge, which tells of an exorcism in the church of the Cordeliers at Lyon.
# Tilcara

San Francisco de Tilcara (usually referred to as Tilcara) is a city in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, and the head town of the Tilcara Department. It had 6,249 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC]. Traces of human habitation in the area date back more than 10,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements of Argentina.
Tilcara is located 84 km from the provincial capital, San Salvador de Jujuy, beside National Route 9, at about 2,500 m above sea level, well within the first heights of the Andes.
The area features dramatic mountainous landscapes and rich aboriginal traditions, which make it a major tourist attraction in northwestern Argentina, with several nearby hiking tracks also attracting visitors.
Possibly the biggest attraction in Tilcara is the nearby Pucará de Tilcara, the partially reconstructed ruins of a pre-Inca pukara, Quechua for "fortress", located a few kilometers away from the city of Tilcara on a hill with an impressive view of the valley of the Río Grande.
* Calle de Tilcara
* Pucará de Tilcara
* Jardín Botánico de Altura

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Tilcara (1934-1990) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 13.0 (55.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) | 35 (1.4) | 18 (0.7) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 4 (0.2) | 9 (0.4) | 23 (0.9) | 137 (5.4) |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria ||||||||||||||
* Köppen classification: BWk (Cool Arid Climate)
* Thermal amplitude: 9.5 °C (17.1 °F)
* Maximum average temperature: 30 °C or 86 °F (January)
* Average minimum temperature: 4 °C or 39.2 °F (July)
* Average annual temperature: between 12 and 14 °C (53.6 and 57.2 °F)
* Average annual rainfall: 137 millimetres or 5.39 inches (almost entirely between November and March)
# Jean Robert Beaulé

Jean Robert Beaulé (June 17, 1927 – January 9, 2005) was a Canadian politician, electrician, insurance broker and railway employee. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1962 federal election as a Member of the Social Credit Party to represent the riding of Quebec East. He was re-elected in the 1963 election and resigned from the party with other Quebec Social credit MPs to form the Ralliement Créditiste. He was defeated in the 1965 election. He died in 2005 in Quebec City.
vte1958 Canadian federal election: Quebec East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Yvon Tassé | 22,285 |
| Liberal | Maurice Lamontagne | 21,649 |
| Social Credit | Jean-Louis Hudon | 1,104 |
vte1962 Canadian federal election: Quebec East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Social Credit | Jean Robert Beaulé | 22,446 |
| Liberal | Maurice Lamontagne | 13,747 |
| Progressive Conservative | Yvon Tassé | 8,005 |
| New Democratic | Roméo Bilodeau | 703 |
vte1963 Canadian federal election: Quebec East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Social Credit | Jean Robert Beaulé | 18,661 |
| Liberal | Albert Parent | 16,976 |
| Progressive Conservative | Gaston Michaud | 6,593 |
| New Democratic | Paul-Henri Dufresne | 1,450 |
| Nationalist | Léo Tremblay | 540 |
vte1965 Canadian federal election: Quebec East :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Gérard Duquet | 18,900 |
| Ralliement créditiste | Jean Robert Beaulé | 13,642 |
| Progressive Conservative | Robert Perron | 5,546 |
| New Democratic | Raymond Bruneau | 2,870 |
# Jed Johnson

Jed Johnson may refer to:
* Jed Johnson (Oklahoma politician) (1888–1963), American politician
* Jed Johnson Jr. (1939–1993), American politician, son of the above
* Jed Johnson (designer) (1948–1996), American interior designer and film director
# Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds

Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds may refer to:

## Music

* Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, a 1978 concept album by Jeff Wayne
* Highlights from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, a 1981 compilation album by Jeff Wayne
* Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds – The New Generation, a 2012 concept album by Jeff Wayne

## Games

* Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds (1998 video game), a real-time strategy video game developed by Rage Software Limited for the PC
* Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds (1999 video game), a strategic vehicular combat third-person shooter video game developed by Pixelogic for the Sony PlayStation
* The War of the Worlds (1984 video game), a ZX Spectrum video game developed and released by CRL Group
# Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia may refer to:
* Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)
* Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)
* Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)
* Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)
# Timeline of the Hellenic Army

The Hellenic Army is the land force component of the Hellenic Armed Forces. It was officially founded in 1828 and still operates today as the main contributor to the Balkan Battle Group. This article details the history of the Hellenic Army in the form a of a timeline from its de facto founding to the modern day.

## 1821–1832

* September 1814 - The secretive Philiki Etaireia is founded at Odessa. From the start it is the locus of anti-Ottoman activity among Greeks. Members with military experience will form the core of Ypsilantis staff.
* 6 March 1821 - Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the River Prut into Wallachia with two battalions of volunteer infantry and a troop of cavalry raised in Russia.
* 23 March 1821 - Petrobey Mavromichalis is proclaimed "commander-in-chief of the Spartan forces" by the newly founded Senate of Messenia in the wake of the successful capture of Kalamata.
* August, 1822 - Theodoros Kolokotronis ambushes and destroys the army of Mahmud Dramali Pasha at the Dervenakia pass; the sultan turns to Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt for help in suppressing the Greek revolt.
* March 1824 - the motley "Byron Brigade" composed of Greek and Philhellene volunteers begins to organize at Missolonghi.

## 1833–1862

* 1833 - The newly arrived King Othon creates battalions of line infantry on the West European model. Each battalion includes a company of native Greek sharpshooters or Evzones. Othon also forms ten battalions of Greek light infantry.
* 1836 - The number of Greek light infantry battalions is reduced from ten to eight. Four new Mountain Guard battalions are organized to patrol the Greco-Turkish frontier and hunt down bandits in the countryside.
* 1843 - The Mountain Guards are reorganized and expanded into four full regiments.
* 1867 - Four elite Evzones battalions are formed.
* 1868 - The Royal Guard Detachment is formed, consisting of two Evzone companies and a troop of cavalry.

## 1897–1913

* 1912 - The Hellenic Army fields its first Aviators Company, which will eventually become the Army Aviation branch.

## 1919–1922

* 15 May 1919 - Greek troops land and occupy Smyrna (İzmir), meeting only token resistance: this will become the opening skirmish of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).
* 9–11 January 1921 - Greek and Turkish forces fight the inconclusive First Battle of İnönü.
* March 1921 - Greek and Turkish forces fight to a stalemate at the Second Battle of İnönü.
* June 1921 - The Greek advance is checked at Battle of Sakarya.
* 26–30 August 1922. The Greeks are routed at the Battle of Dumlupınar. Cut-off in a Turkish pincer movement, Major General Nikolaos Trikoupis and his men are taken prisoner. Surviving Hellenic Army units begin withdrawing to Smyrna.
* September 1922 - The Turkish Army captures Smyrna.

## 1923–1940

* 1925 - Production at Breda of the "Philipides" design for an improved Mannlicher–Schönauer rifle is cancelled.

## 1949–present

* This article related to the military of Greece is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Jeff Jennings

Jeffrey Jennings (born November 6, 1987) is an American soccer player.

## Career

Jennings spent four years at Fort Lewis College and also played for El Paso Patriots and Real Colorado Foxes in the USL Premier Development League before signing with San Antonio Scorpions in 2012. His professional debut didn't come until April 28, 2013, he got the start against FC Edmonton in a match that ended in a 1–0 defeat.
# Jennie Nilsson

Jennie Gaby Christel Nilsson (born 25 January 1972) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democrats. She served as Minister for Rural Affairs in the Löfven cabinet from January 2019 to June 2021 and has been Member of the Riksdag since October 2006, representing her home constituency Halland County.
Before being elected to the Riksdag in 2006, Nilsson served as Mayor of Hylte Municipality from 2001 to 2006.
# Tioga High School

Tioga Senior High School or Tioga High School may refer to:
* Tioga High School (California), Groveland, California
* Tioga High School (Louisiana), Tioga, Louisiana
* Tioga Central High School, Tioga Center, New York
* Tioga High School (North Dakota), Tioga, North Dakota
* Tioga High School (Texas), Tioga, Texas
# Jean Schlumberger

Jean Schlumberger may refer to:
* Jean Schlumberger (writer) (1877–1968), French man of letters
* Jean Schlumberger (jewelry designer)
# Tinne (name)

Tinne is a Germanic female given name.
Notable people with this name include:
* Tinne Gilis, Belgian squash player
* Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen, Danish mathematician
* Tinne Kruse, Danish badminton player
* Tinne Van der Straeten, Flemish politician
* Tinne Vilhelmson-Silfvén, Swedish horse rider
# Jernej of Loka

Jernej of Loka (Bartholomew) was a 16th-century painter active in the Škofja Loka area, from which his epithet is also derived. He is known to have painted the frescoes in a number of other churches throughout the Upper Carniola region and some in the area of Tolmin (Slovenia) and in the Natisone Valley (Italy).
Churches where frescoes believed to have been painted by Jernej of Loka are preserved include:
* St. Mark's Church, Vrba, between 1525 and 1530
* St. John's Church, Suha
* St. Peter's Church, above Begunje, between 1530 and 1540
* St. John the Baptist Church, Lake Bohinj
* St. Peter's Church, Bodovlje, between 1525 and 1540
* St. Thomas' Church, Brode near Škofja Loka between 1530 and 1540
* St. Nicholas' Church, in Godešič, around 1530
* St. Lawrence's Church, above Zminec
* St. Andrew's Church, at Sveti Andrej above Zminc, between 1520 and 1530
* St. Oswald's Church, above Sveti Ožbolt, 1534
* Sts. Phillip and James Church, in Valterski Vrh, soon after 1534
* Holy Cross Church in Križna Gora
* St. Bricius' Church in Četena Ravan
* St. Jodocus' Church above Kranj, around 1530
* St. Clement's Church, in Bukovščica
* Birth of the Virgin Church in Police near Cerkno, 1536
* Virgin Mary Church in Polje near Bovec, 1520–1540
* Our Lady of the Snows Church above Avče near Kanal, around 1530
* St. John the Baptist Church in Spodnji Otok by Mošnje
* St. Mary Magdalene Church, in Brod near Bohinjska Bistrica, around 1534
* St. Bartholomew's Church in San Pietro in Natisone
* St. Lucy, Virgin and Martyr Church in San Leonardo in Natisone