OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Juniperus osteosperma

Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper; syn. J. utahensis) is a shrub or small tree native to the southwestern United States.

## Description

The plant reaches 3–6 meters (9 ft 10 in – 19 ft 8 in), rarely to 9 m, tall. The shoots are fairly thick compared to most junipers, 1.5–2 millimetres (1⁄16–3⁄32 in) in diameter. The leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs or whorls of three; the adult leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long (to 5 mm on lead shoots) and 1–1.5 mm broad. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, 5–10 mm (3⁄16–13⁄32 in) long. The cones are berry-like, 8–13 mm (5⁄16–1⁄2 in) in diameter, blue-brown with a whitish waxy bloom, and contain a single seed (rarely two); they mature in about 18 months and are eaten by birds and small mammals. The male cones are 2–4 mm long, and shed their pollen in early spring. It is largely monoecious with both sexes on the same plant, but around 10% of plants are dioecious, producing cones of only one sex.
The plants frequently bear numerous galls caused by the juniper tip midge Oligotrophus betheli (Bibionomorpha: Cecidomyiidae); these are conspicuous pale violet-purple, produced in clusters of 5–20 together, each gall 1–2 centimetres (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) in diameter, with dense modified spreading scale-leaves 6–10 mm (1⁄4–3⁄8 in) long and 2–3 mm broad at the base.
* J. osteosperma leaves, female and male cones
* Utah Juniper galls
* Seedling in northeastern Nevada

## Distribution and habitat

The species is native to the southwestern United States, in Utah, Nevada, Arizona, western New Mexico, western Colorado, Wyoming, southern Montana, southern Idaho and eastern California. It grows at moderate altitudes of 1,300–2,600 m (4,300–8,500 ft), on dry soils, often together with Pinus monophylla.

## Ecology

Seeds are dispersed by a variety of mammals and birds. Mammals include jackrabbits (mostly the black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus spp.) rodents and to a lesser extent by coyotes (Canis latrans). Most notable among the birds that disperse juniper berries is the Townsend's solitaire (Myadestes townsendi).

## Uses

Native Americans such as the Havasupai used the bark for a variety of purposes, including beds, and ate the cones both fresh and in cakes. The Havasupai used the gum to make a protective covering over wounds. Additionally, the Yavapai gave their women a tea made from the leaves to calm their contractions after giving birth, and fumigated them with smoke from the leaves placed over hot coals. The Navajo sweep their tracks with boughs from the trees so death will not follow them.
A small quantity of ripe berries can be eaten as an emergency food or as a sage-like seasoning for meat. The dried berries can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute.
Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene. Essential oil extracted from the leaf is prominent in camphor and bornyl acetate. The trunk of Utah juniper retains essential oil for at least 20 years after the tree dies, and is prominent in cedrol and cis-thujopsene.
# Rivercourt Methodist Church

Rivercourt Methodist Church is a church in King Street, Hammersmith, London.
It was built in 1875 by the architect Charles Bell.
# Daniel Immerwahr

Daniel Immerwahr (born May 21, 1980) is an American historian and author. He is the Bergen Evans Professor in the Humanities at the Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences at Northwestern University and associate chair of the history department.
His first book, Thinking Small, was published in 2015 and won the Merle Curti Award. His second book, How to Hide an Empire (2019), was a national bestseller, one of the New York Times critics' top books of the year, and winner of the Robert H. Ferrell Prize.

## Early life and education

Immerwahr grew up in Philadelphia. He is Jewish and is first cousin twice removed of Clara Immerwahr, the pioneering chemist and first wife of Fritz Haber. He completed an undergraduate degree at Columbia University in 2002, and a second undergraduate degree at King's College, Cambridge in 2004, where he was a Marshall Scholar, and a doctorate at the University of California, Berkeley in 2011. From 2011-2012, he was a postdoctoral research fellow at Columbia University's Committee on Global Thought.

## Career

He is a professor of history at Northwestern University.
His work has appeared in n+1, Slate, Jacobin, Dissent, and The New Yorker.

## Books

* Thinking Small: The United States and the Lure of Community Development Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press 2015. ISBN 978-0-6742-8994-9, OCLC 949790596
* How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019. ISBN 978-0-3741-7214-5, OCLC 1088916388
# Peggy Post

Peggy Post is an American author and consultant on etiquette. She is Emily Post's great-granddaughter-in-law and continues her work as director and spokesperson for The Emily Post Institute in Vermont.

## Background

Post was born in Washington, D.C., and raised in Maryland and New Orleans. She finished Louisiana State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in education. She started her career as an international flight attendant for Pan American World Airways. After that she worked as a teacher for English and history in New York City. Later she entered a career in management, consulting and sales. Along with others she managed Chemical Bank in New York City.
Post married the investment consultant Allen Post who is Emily Post's great-grandson in 1979. Peggy raised two stepsons. In 1991, Peggy started to work with her mother-in-law Elizabeth Post who was the first successor to Emily Post and her granddaughter-in-law. Elizabeth Post revised Emily Post's Etiquette book five times between 1965 and 1992.
Post followed Elizabeth, who retired in 1995, as director and spokesperson of the Emily Post Institute. Today Peggy is author of more than twelve books including the 17th edition of Emily Post’s Etiquette, all published by HarperCollins. She writes columns for such magazines as Good Housekeeping, Parents, and USA Weekend.
Post's latest edition of Emily Post’s Etiquette includes not only an Attire Guide Beach Casual to White Tie but sections on appropriate e-mail manners, how to graciously discuss a potential sex partner's past and the circumstances under which one can re-gift in good conscience. In an interview she stated that she found out that discussions about people perceived as rude or uncivil leads to a search for a sense of order.
# Giovanni Battista Ballanti

Giovanni Battista Ballanti (1762–1835), also known as Giovan Battista Ballanti Graziani, was an Italian sculptor working in the Neo-classical style.
He was born in Faenza and his father, wishing him to become an engraver, placed him with a painter named Giuseppe Boschi (and commonly called Carlonini or Graziani). Later, Giovanni gained interest in sculpture.
Much of his work consists of statues of saints and religious subjects, working on churches and palazzi that were being built in Romagna.
In Forlì, his works are in Palazzo Manzoni ed in a Palace by Merenda (Palazzo del Merenda, in Italian).
In Faenza, he worked with Felice Giani on a number of buildings including the Palazzo Milzetti. He worked both in stone and plaster.
# Cortinarius morrisii

Cortinarius morrisii is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae native to North America. It was described by Peck in 1905.
# Styrian Seeberg Pass

Styrian Seeberg Pass (also the Aflenzer Seeberg) (el. 1253 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Austrian Alps, located in the Bundesland of Styria, east of the Hochschwab Mountains. The pass forms the most important connection between the Mürz Valley at Kapfenberg and the pilgrimage destination of Mariazell (as well as neighboring Lower Austria). At the same time, it forms the division between the watersheds of the Mur and the Enns.
The Styrian Seeberg's name serves to differentiate from Seeberg Saddle on the border between Carinthia and Slovenia, which is also called the Carinthian Seeberg.
# Lightburn Hospital

Lightburn Hospital is a health facility in Carntyne Road, Glasgow, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.

## History

The facility (located just off the A8 Edinburgh Road in the east end of the city) has its origins in the old Lightburn Infectious Diseases Hospital which was designed by James Thomson and completed in 1896. It joined the National Health Service in 1948. The infectious diseases hospital closed in 1964 and was replaced by a new 120‑bed geriatric unit. The new unit was extended in 1972 and in 1977. A proposal from the health board to close the hospital was rejected by the Scottish Government in January 2018; a similar plan was halted in 2011.
# Gan station

Gan is a railway station in Gan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Pau–Canfranc railway. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Gan:
* local service (TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine) Pau - Oloron-Sainte-Marie - Bedous
| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Following station |
| La Croix du Princetowards Pau | | 55 | | Buzy-en-Béarntowards Bedous |
# Robert Hoffman (businessman)

Robert Kenneth Hoffman (July 18, 1947 – August 20, 2006) was an American businessman and philanthropist, most notable for co-founding the influential humor magazine National Lampoon.

## Life and career

Hoffman was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the son of Adelyn J. and Edmund M. Hoffman. He graduated valedictorian from the St. Mark's School of Texas in 1965. While a senior at Harvard, he was one of the three editors of The Harvard Lampoon who went on to co-found the National Lampoon in 1970. He served as its first managing editor. In 1975 he sold his share and used the proceeds to buy a Helen Frankenthaler painting.
Hoffman left the National Lampoon to attend the Harvard Business School as a Baker Scholar, graduating in 1972. After graduation, he joined his father, Edmund, in the company that became the Coca-Cola Bottling Group (Southwest) Inc. The two helped build it into the country's fifth-largest Coca-Cola bottler before selling it in 1998.
Hoffman chaired the Dallas Plan, a 30-year blueprint for reshaping the city of Dallas, which had been unanimously adopted by the City Council in December 1994. He also served as board chairman of the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Society for a critical five years beginning in 1987.
Hoffman and his wife, Marguerite, a former gallery director, amassed a world-renowned art collection that they donated in nearly its entirety to the Dallas Museum of Art in 2005. The 224 pieces were valued at a minimum of $150 million. That gift, coupled with the Hoffmans' role in spearheading additional bequests of 550 objects from friends Cindy and Howard Rachofsky and Deedie and Rusty Rose, put them on Business Week magazine's list of the top 50 philanthropists for 2005. Hoffman and his wife were awarded the 2006 TACA Neiman Marcus Silver Cup Award for their civic contributions, the first time that a couple won the award.

## Family and death

Hoffman had three daughters: Hannah and Augusta, whose mother is Hoffman's second wife, Sally Timberlake Hoffman; and Kate. All three attended The Hockaday School. He had one brother, Richard E. Hoffman, MD, who survived him and lives in Denver, Colorado.
Hoffman died of leukemia in Dallas at age 59. Because of his influential efforts at the St. Mark's School of Texas, a large donation was given in his name in order to build a new building.
# Diarmuid McCarthy

Diarmuid McCarthy (1956 – 9 July 2022) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played at club level with Naomh Abán and Muskerry and at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team. He usually lined out as a forward.

## Career

McCarthy first played Gaelic football at juvenile and underage levels with Naomh Abán. He was just 17-years-old when he was part of the club's adult team that won the Cork JFC title in 1973 before later winning a Cork IFC title in 1977. His performances at club level also earned inclusion on the Muskerry divisional team.
McCarthy first appeared on the inter-county scene during a two-year tenure with the Cork minor football team. He was at centre-forward when Cork beat Mayo in the 1974 All-Ireland minor final. He also spent two years with the Cork under-21 team. McCarthy made his senior team debut during the 1982 Munster SFC. He was an unused substitute for Cork's defeat of Kerry in the 1983 Munster final. McCarthy ended his inter-county career as captain of the Cork junior football team that beat Warwickshire in the 1989 All-Ireland junior final.

## Death

McCarthy died after a long illness on 9 July 2022, aged 66.

## Honours
### Naomh Abán

* Cork Intermediate Football Championship: 1977
* Cork Junior Football Championship: 1973
* Mid Cork Junior A Football Championship: 1973, 1988
* Mid Cork Under-21 football Championship: 1973

### Cork

* Munster Senior Football Championship: 1983
* All-Ireland Junior Football Championship: 1989 (c)
* Munster Junior Football Championship: 1989 (c)
* All-Ireland Minor Football Championship: 1974
* Munster Minor Football Championship: 1973, 1974
# Open Awards

Open Awards is a national Awarding Body and Access Validating Agency with headquarters in Liverpool. They are regulated by Ofqual, Qualification Wales and are an Access Validating Agency. They create and award educational and vocational qualifications from Entry Level to Level 4 (education), as well as Access to Higher Education Diplomas. They offer qualification across England and Wales. They also offer unregulated units.
The company is registered with the Quality Assurance Agency, and with the Ofqual, the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation. The awards are offered by schools, colleges, businesses and offender learning institutions across England.
Open Awards were previously known as Open College Network North West Region. An assessment from Warwick University indicated these awards were successful at widening participation
# Paulovits's game

Paulovits's game is a chess variant on a 10×10 chess board, designed by István Paulovits, around 1890. It was described in the book Dames de Paulovits and in the Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants (2007). Paulovits's game differs from western chess in that two new ranks are introduced in between the armies and two new files in between the queen's bishop and the queen. The new files hold respectively a pasha and a general with a pawn in front. The general and pasha both have about the same value as a rook.

## Rules

The pasha jumps one or two squares in all eight orthogonal and diagonal directions and is thus a bit like a very short queen which can leap over other pieces. The general has the moves of a mann and a camel, that is it can jump to the eight adjacent squares or to the opposite corner of a 2×4 rectangle. Pawns can make an initial three-step move and a king castles by moving either two squares king-side or four squares queen-side.
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# Gila (fish)

Gila is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, native to the United States and Mexico. Species of Gila are collectively referred to as western chubs. The chiselmouth is a close relative (Simons & Mayden 1997), as are members of the genus Siphateles. Several members of the genus are endangered or extinct due to loss of habitat caused by diversion or overuse of water resources, particularly in the western United States.

## Species

* Gila atraria (Girard, 1856) (Utah chub)
* Gila brevicauda S. M. Norris, J. M. Fischer & W. L. Minckley, 2003 (Shorttail chub)
* Gila coerulea (Girard, 1856) (Blue chub)
* Gila conspersa Garman, 1881 (Nazas chub)
* †Gila crassicauda (S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854) (Thicktail chub (extinct: late 1950s))
* Gila cypha R. R. Miller, 1946 (Humpback chub)
* Gila ditaenia R. R. Miller, 1945 (Sonora chub)
* Gila elegans S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Bonytail chub, Bonytail)
* Gila eremica DeMarais, 1991 (Desert chub)
* Gila intermedia (Girard, 1856) (Gila chub)
* Gila minacae Meek, 1902 (Mexican roundtail chub)
* Gila modesta (Garman, 1881) (Salinas chub)
* Gila nigra Cope, 1875 (Headwater chub)
* Gila nigrescens (Girard, 1856) (Chihuahua chub)
* Gila orcuttii (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1890) (Arroyo chub)
* Gila pandora (Cope, 1872) (Rio Grande chub)
* Gila pulchra (Girard, 1856) (Conchos chub)
* Gila purpurea (Girard, 1856) (Yaqui chub)
* Gila robusta S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Roundtail chub)
** Gila robusta jordani V. M. Tanner, 1950 (Pahranagut roundtail chub)
** Gila robusta robusta S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Roundtail chub)
* Gila seminuda Cope & Yarrow, 1875 (Virgin chub)
# Costa Blanca Challenge

The Costa Blanca Challenge was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour that was played in Spain.
The event was only played in 2000. Johan Ryström carded a course record 65 on the second round. England's James Hepworth carded a final-round 67 to end up 11-under 277, a stroke behind the all-Swedish playoff in which Ryström defeated Henrik Stenson at the first extra hole.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Ref. |
| 2000 | Johan Ryström | 278 | −12 | Playoff | Henrik Stenson | |
# Hillman Township, Morrison County, Minnesota

Hillman Township is a township in Morrison County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 164 at the 2000 census.
Hillman Township was organized in 1902, and named after Hillman Creek.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 28.3 square miles (73 km$^2$), of which 28.2 square miles (73 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.04% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 164 people, 52 households, and 44 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.8 inhabitants per square mile (2.2/km$^2$). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 2.0 per square mile (0.77/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.39% White and 0.61% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.66% of the population.
There were 52 households, out of which 46.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, and 13.5% were non-families. 13.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.47.
In the township the population was spread out, with 31.1% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 151.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $45,938, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $18,750 versus $36,667 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,345. About 6.4% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Curtis Gans

Curtis Bernard Gans (June 17, 1937 – March 15, 2015) was an American activist, writer, and expert on American voting patterns.
With Allard K. Lowenstein, Gans in 1967 started and headed the Dump Johnson movement. Based on opposition to the Vietnam War, the movement, which was considered quixotic at first, grew strong and was instrumental in setting in motion events which eventually persuaded president Lyndon Johnson that continuing his campaign to be re-nominated for the presidency by his party would be difficult and divisive and uncertain of success. Johnson withdrew his candidacy, an unusual event in American politics for a sitting president who had desired re-election.
Gans studied turnout and voting patterns for more than three decades. He co-founded and was director of the Center for the Study of the American Electorate, formerly housed at American University in Washington, D. C. Gans was commonly sought out by major American publications as an expert on voting patterns and was sometimes called on by the US State Department's Foreign Press Center to brief foreign reporters during the runup to American elections.
Additionally, he served as a consultant to the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, the National Committee for an Effective Congress, and managed a number of political campaigns. In 2015, he died at the age of 77 of lung cancer.
# Mixaylovka

Mixaylovka is a village and the least populous municipality in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 146.
# Fissurina verrucosa

Fissurina verrucosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Karnataka, India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. This species is characterized by its yellowish-brown and slightly glossy appearance. Its thallus has a cracked, uneven, and verrucose texture.
The ascomata of Fissurina verrucosa are lirelline and very short, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 mm in length. They feature simple to branched structures with short branches that are the same colour as the thallus. These structures are found in scattered patches, immersed within the thallus. The hymenium is hyaline and measures between 26 and 138 μm in height. The ascospores are ellipsoidal, measure 7–12 μm by 3–4 μm, and contain 3 septa.
In terms of chemistry, the thallus contains protocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids, which sets it apart from other "comparilis-type" species in the genus Fissurina. These other species, including Fissurina comparilis, F. comparimuralis, F. humilis, F. inquinata, and F. tachygrapha, either have no lichen substances or contain stictic acid, as in the case of F. inquinata. Fissurina verrucosa is also distinguishable by its smaller ascospores.
This lichen species has been observed growing on exposed tree trunks in montane forests along the roadside. The first specimen examined (the type specimen, collected in 1974) was initially reported as Graphis dumastii but later identified as Fissurina verrucosa.
# Diarmuid O'Connor

Diarmuid O'Connor may refer to:
* Diarmuid O'Connor (Mayo Gaelic footballer) (born 1995), wing forward
* Diarmuid O'Connor (Kerry Gaelic footballer) (born 1999), midfield