OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ida, Countess of Hainaut

Ida, Countess of Hainaut (Ida of Louvain) (died 1139), daughter of Henry II, Count of Louvain, and Adela of Thuringa. Ida was sister to Godfrey I, Count of Louvain.
Ida was married to Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut, who served in the First Crusade with Godfrey of Bouillon. Ida and Baldwin had:
* Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut
* Louis (fl. 1096)
* Simon, a canon in Liege
* Henry (fl. 1096)
* Willem (d. after 1117)
* Arnould
* Ida (d. after 1101), married first Guy de Chievres and second Thomas, Lord of Coucy
* Richilde (d. after 1118), married Amaury III de Montfort, and, repudiated, became a nun at Mauberge
* Aelidis (d. 1153), married Nicolas II de Rumigny
Ida's husband, Baldwin, sold some of his property to the Bishopric of Liège in order to take the cross in the First Crusade. In 1098 he was sent to Constantinople with Hugh of Vermandois after the Siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from the Byzantine emperor. He disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was presumably killed.
While on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1106, Ida organized a search for her lost husband in Anatolia but to no avail. Ida's fate remains unknown.
# Halvad railway station

Halvad railway station is a railway station in Morbi district, Gujarat, India on the Western line of the Western railway. It serves Halvad town. Halvad railway station is 162 km far away from Ahmedabad Junction. Railway Yard is started at Sukhpar Terminal of Halvad. Three Express and two Superfast trains halt here.

## Nearby Stations

Dhanala is the nearest railway station towards Gandhidham Junction, whereas Sukhpar is the nearest railway station towards Ahmedabad Junction.

## Major Trains

Following Express and Superfast trains halt at Halvad railway station in both direction:
* 19115/16 Dadar - Bhuj Sayajinagari Express
* 22955/56 Bandra Terminus - Bhuj Kutch Superfast Express
* 14311/12 Ala Hazrat Express (via Ahmedabad)
* 11091/92 Bhuj - Pune Express
# MS Stena Scandinavica (2002)

MS Stena Scandinavica is a large ferry operated by Stena Line on the overnight Gothenburg – Kiel route, together with MS Stena Germanica.

## Sister ships

Stena Scandinavica is the first of two identical ships built by Hyundai Heavy Industries, for Stena Line. Her sister ship is Stena Adventurer which operates between Holyhead and Dublin.
# Namalycastis jaya

Namalycastis jaya is a species of brackish-water polychaete worm in the family Nereididae known from the southern coast of Kerala in southwest India.
Type locality: Thiruvananthapuram coast, Kerala, India, 8°36'57.47"N, 76°49'8.914"E
Etymology: The worm is named for Tamil Nadu Chief minister J. Jayalalitha who developed education in Tamil Nadu.
# John Addenbrooke

John Addenbrooke may refer to:
* John Addenbrooke (philanthropist) (1680–1719), English medical doctor and founder of Addenbrooke's Hospital
* John Addenbrooke (priest) (c. 1691–1776), Dean of Lichfield
* John Addenbrooke (footballer) (1900–1961), English footballer
# Ptychodes alboguttatus

Ptychodes alboguttatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1880. It is known from Mexico.
# Puerto Libertad

Puerto Libertad is a village and municipality in Misiones Province in north-eastern Argentina. It is located in the Iguazu Department, 25 km south of Iguazu Falls and 5 km from the Paraná River. It has a population of 6,143 inhabitants (Census 2001).

## History

A settlement in the area was created in the late nineteenth century with the arrival of factories which employed people to harvest yerba mate on the Paraná River.
The town, which was originally known as Villa Veinticinco de Mayo, developed steadily, and already had its first school in 1927, and a year later a post office. The census of 1929 indicated a total of 1,190 inhabitants.
In 1950, the first Development Commission was created with the name of "17 de Octubre", in honor of the Peronist Party. Because of the political connotations of the name, the military coup that overthrew Juan Domingo Perón gave the town the name of Libertad in 1955. By 1971, the town had 3,500 residents.
The latest economic development was the construction of the Uruguaí Dam, 5 km from the village on the Uruguaí creek.
# Pucara del Cerro La Muralla

Pucará de Cerro La Muralla (Pucara of Wall's Hill) is an Inca Pucara (fortress) in Chile. It is located on a strategic mountain top, five km to the south of San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, near the dry lagoon (Laguna de Tagua Tagua). This is believed to be the southernmost fort of the Inca Empire.

## History

The Inca invasion, having advanced beyond the Choapa river, came to Picunche territory. They established in the zone several storage facilities and the fortress of Cerro La Muralla.
Located on the strategic top of the hill, the fortress is near the lagoon that is now dry.
It is located between the Cachapoal River and Tinguiririca River.
It is presumed that the fort was used as point of observation, since from here, the north valley can be controlled. The lagoon was also useful for defence.

## Structure

In the top of the Hill, the walls tracing an eagle in flight like another Inca structures. It has three defensive walls and two sectors with housings. Abundant ceramics and stone cups have been found. To 100 m of the first wall they realized works of recognition in the strength, that alone them esplanade, that apparently served as field of cultures. Evidence is that this construction was effected by the Incas, due to the work of the stone in blocks, the dimension of the enclosures and the structural terrace shapes of some sectors. Integral forms a part with Laguna de Tagua Tagua, since it does not have south wall, which was covered by the lagoon.

## Investigations

Claudio Gay described his ascent to Cerro La Muralla, which then was called an Inca fortress. In 1974, scientists of the Chilean National Museum of Natural History, decided that this Indian fortress was constructed before the arrival of the Spanish to this place.

## Current importance

Nearby is an image of the Virgin of Fátima, since habitual age in the Spanish Conquest. Any suspicious site of adoration to other deities was covered with icons of Catholic adoration. In this sector every year on the second Sunday of September celebrates a mass, to which he represents a parishioners' great quantity. This hurts the archaeological site., February 2009 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

## Projects

At San Vicente of Tagua Tagua there is a project to have a museum and to recover the pieces extracted from the zone and that were extracted from the place by investigators. In addition one tries to create museums in situ, and to medium term, a controlled route to the pucará of The Wall.
# Publius Volumnius Amintinus Gallus

Publius Volumnius Amintinus Gallus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 461 BC; he served with Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.

## Career

Several bad signs happened during the year, so the Sibylline Books were consulted. Livy suggests that their reading was manipulated by the consuls and the senate to counter the legislation of the tribune of the plebs Gaius Terentilius Harsa, who had the previous year pushed for a limitation of the consuls' powers.
In 460 BC, Volumnius served as a subordinate under the consul of the year Publius Valerius Poplicola. When Poplicola was killed in battle against Appius Herdonius, a Sabine rebel who had taken the Capitoline hill, Volumnius took command of his force, killing Herdonius, defeating his army, and putting an end to his rebellion
In 458 BC, Volumnius was sent as ambassador—together with Quintus Fabius Vibulanus and Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis—to the Aequi, who had violated a treaty made with Rome the year before.
# Puerto Nuevo, Baja California

Puerto Nuevo is a town in Playas de Rosarito Municipality, Baja California, located on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The 2010 census reported a population of 135 inhabitants. Puerto Nuevo is famous as the "Lobster Village" of Baja California.

## Geography

Puerto Nuevo is a 10-minute drive south of the town of Rosarito Beach, and roughly 40 miles north of Ensenada.

## Tourism

There are several hotels in the area and dozens of restaurants, mostly featuring lobster, the local speciality. The town itself contains the usual shops and pharmacies found in most towns.
The famous surf break known as "Captain Ron's" lies 5 minutes north of Puerto Nuevo.
# Pseudopyrenula

Pseudopyrenula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae.

## Species

* Pseudopyrenula americana Aptroot (2016) – Guyana
* Pseudopyrenula cryptotheca Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner (2002) – Venezuela
* Pseudopyrenula cubana (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (2016)
* Pseudopyrenula daironii Lücking, N.Marín & Álvaro (2023) – Colombia
* Pseudopyrenula diluta (Fée) Müll.Arg. (1883)
* Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016)
* Pseudopyrenula flavosuperans Flakus & Aptroot (2016) – Bolivia
* Pseudopyrenula gelatinosa Aptroot (2021) – Brazil
* Pseudopyrenula guianensis Aptroot (2016) – French Guiana
* Pseudopyrenula hexamera Aptroot (2016) – Venezuela
* Pseudopyrenula himalayana Ingle, Nayaka & Upreti (2024) – India
* Pseudopyrenula media Aptroot & Diederich (2017)
* Pseudopyrenula megaspora Ingle, Nayaka & Upreti (2024) – India
* Pseudopyrenula miniflavida Aptroot & A.D.Nunes (2019)
* Pseudopyrenula serusiauxii Aptroot (1998) – Papua New Guinea
* Pseudopyrenula staphyleae (Petr.) Aptroot (1998)
* Pseudopyrenula thallina Lücking & Aptroot (2016) – Costa Rica
# Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens

Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil and Panama, in both primary forest and disturbed rainforests.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected from within the state of Rondônia at the Sítio Ecológico Buriti, located on Lago Cujubim, northeast of Porto Velho. This specimen was found at an approximate elevation of 100 m (330 ft), growing on tree bark within a disturbed rainforest area. The collection was made by the authors on 18 November 2012. It has also been recorded from Panama.

## Description

Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens is characterised by a thallus that lacks a protective outer cortex, presenting a dull and continuous surface that can cover areas up to 2 cm in diameter. Its colour is a whitish grey, distinctly outlined by a black line known as the hypothallus, approximately 0.2 mm wide, which does not lead to the formation of galls (abnormal growths) on the host bark.
The reproductive structures of the lichen, known as ascomata, are spherical, ranging in size from 0.25 to 0.35 mm in diameter, and they emerge singly from the thallus. The wall of these structures is carbonised, up to 40 μm thick, with the ostioles (openings) located at the top, remaining separate, flat, and black in colour. Inside, the hamathecium (the tissue between the spore-producing asci) contains yellow oil globules. Each ascus holds eight ascospores, which are clear (hyaline), segmented into three parts (3-septate), spindle-shaped (fusiform), and measure 21–28 by 6–9 μm. The spores have pointed ends, diamond-shaped internal spaces (lumina), and are partly yellow, lacking a gelatinous surrounding layer. Pycnidia, which are another form of reproductive structure, were not observed to occur in this species.
From a chemical perspective, the thallus displays a yellow fluorescence] under UV light (UV+ yellow). Thin-layer chromatography analysis reveals the presence of lichexanthone, a secondary metabolite in the chemical class known as xanthones.
Pseudopyrenula flavoreagensis similar in appearance to P. subgregaria, but the latter species does not have lichexanthone.
# Pseudopyrenula serusiauxii

Pseudopyrenula serusiauxii is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Papua New Guinea. The lichen appears as a greenish discolouration on the trunks of Macaranga trees.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 1998 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The specific epithet honours Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, a colleague of the author who accompanied him on some collecting expeditions in the country. The type was collected in the Balek Wildlife Sanctuary in Madang Province, where it was found growing on Macaranga tree trunk in the relics of a secondary forest.

## Description

The lichen has a thallus that is immersed in the bark of its host, lacks a cortex, and appears as a greenish discoloration that is up to 5 cm (2 in) wide. The photobiont partner – a green alga of the genus Trentepohlia – is sparse in the thallus. The ascomata are more or less spherical, and small (measuring 0.2–0.4 mm in diameter) with black walls. They have flat ostioles, rather than conical ostioles that are typical of the genus Pseudopyrenula. The ascospores, which number 8 per ascus, are spindle-shaped (fusiform), have 3 septa, and feature angular, diamond-shaped lumina (interior spaces). The spores measure 30–39 by 6–8 μm. All lichen spot tests are negative, and no lichen substances were detected using thin-layer chromatography.
# Pseudopyrenula miniflavida

Pseudopyrenula miniflavida is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot and A.D.Nunes. The type specimen was collected from Mata do IFS (Quissamã, Sergipe) at an altitude of 50 m (160 ft). The lichen has a whitish-grey thallus without a cortex. It has hemispherical ascomata that are mostly black but sometimes partly covered with a whitish pruina. The hamathecium (i.e., all of the fungal hyphae or other tissues between asci) contains yellow oil droplets that dissolve but do not change colour in a solution of KOH. The ascospores are hyaline with three septa and measure 15–17 by 5.5–6.5 μm. The specific epithet miniflavida alludes to both its small spores (the smallest in genus Pseudopyrenula) as well as the characteristic yellow oil droplets in the hamathecium.
# Psytechnics

Psytechnics is a telecommunications company, spun out of British Telecom's research labs in December 2000. The company's technology is behind 7 ITU standards, including PESQ ITU-T P.862. They developed real-time Quality of Experience monitoring software for calls made with Voice over IP, video, telepresence, and unified communications networks.
Psytechnics was acquired by NetScout Systems on April 1, 2011.
# Pterostichus empetricola

Pterostichus empetricola is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America.
# Pterostichus herculaneus

Pterostichus herculaneus is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Puntone di Scarlino

Puntone di Scarlino is a village in Tuscany, Central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Scarlino, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 345.
Puntone is about 41 km from Grosseto and 8 km from Scarlino, and it is situated on the Gulf of Follonica, in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is a tourist resort with a well-equipped marina.

## Main sights

* Portus Scabris Archaeological Museum, full of Roman artefacts found during the construction of the port.
* Chapel of Puntone, little church that is part of the parish of Pian d'Alma.
* Former church of San Severo a Portiglioni, it is attested in a document of 1104 and its ruins lie next to the village.
* Tower of Portiglioni, old coastal tower, now reduced to rubble.
* Roman villa of Puntone Vecchio, ruins of a building of 1st century BC.
# Punton

Punton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Punton (born 1934), Scottish footballer and manager
* Bill Punton (born 1957), English footballer
* Noel Punton (1931–2017), Australian gymnast
# Push Push (Sistar song)

"Push Push" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Sistar for their debut single album of the same name. It was released as the group's debut single on June 3, 2010, by Starship Entertainment in conjunction with the single album. Written and produced by Brave Brothers, "Push Push" is a dance-pop song.
Commercially, "Push Push" peaked at number nine on the Gaon Digital Chart. Sistar promoted the song with live performances on various weekly South Korean music programs, including Inkigayo, Music Bank and Show! Music Core.

## Background and release

On May 26, Sistar released the first teaser for "Push Push" featuring jacket photos of the members.
On June 1, Sistar released the teaser for the music video of their debut single. The 30-second video features the members' faces as they take photos to identify criminals, the main melody of the title song, and the dance moves they will showcase on stage. In addition, the title song "Push Push" played in this video is a composition that combines drum sounds and strong beats, written and composed by Brave Brothers.

## Composition

Musically, "Push Push" is a song about confident girls showcasing their charms with confidence, emphasizing authentic African drum sounds.

## Music video

The music video, directed by Joo Hee-sun, was released alongside the song by Starship Entertainment on June 3, 2010. The accompanying music video shows SISTAR's unique style as four members with four unique colors. In the music video set, reminiscent of a retro classic convertible car and a 90s American-style drive-in cafe, the vibrant colors, with their funky outfits, fresh rookie-like charm, and SISTAR's lively choreography are additional highlights. Additionally, the dance choreography that further elevated the song was executed by DQ.
Upon release of the teaser of the music video, it was featured on the main page of South Korean video streaming platforms, including Freechal and M Goon. Later on, the music video received an explosive response, securing the first position on the real-time music video chart of M Goon and real-time search on Nate. It also debuted with 150,000 views on YouTube on the first day of its release.

## Promotion

Upon the release of the music video teaser for "Push Push," Starship Entertainment announced that Sistar would perform their debut stage on the June 4th episode of KBS Music Bank.
# Puravadayanar River

Puravadayanar River is a branch river of Cauvery River in India. It flows through Karaikal district. It joins the Bay of Bengal near Karaikal Port.
# Pugh (disambiguation)

Pugh is a surname. Pugh may also refer to:
* Pugh Island, Nunavut, Canada
* Mount Pugh, Washington, United States
* Pugh Shoal, South Georgia
* 70446 Pugh, an asteroid
* Pugh House (disambiguation), various buildings on the National Register of Historic Places
# Pulley, Shropshire

Pulley is a small village on the southern edge of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. It is located between Shrewsbury and Bayston Hill. The population at the 2011 Census is listed under Bayston Hill. The A5 Shrewsbury by-pass cuts through the area.
To the north is the Shrewsbury suburb of Meole Brace.
# Pygmy shore eel

The pygmy shore eel (Alabes parvula) is a species of clingfish from the family Gobiesocidae. It is endemic to south eastern Australia where it can be found within seagrass beds and sometimes on rocky reefs at depths of less than 10 metres (33 ft) from Point Cartwright in Queensland to Flinders Island, South Australia; its range includes Tasmania. This species was described as Cheilobranchus parvulus by Allan Riverstone McCulloch in 1909 from a type locality of rockpools near Sydney.
# Punch Festival

The Punch Festival (in Slovene phonetically also Panč festival) is the most visited stand up comedy festival held in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The festival started in 2008. The festival now attracts around 1.200 people. From 2011 on, it is held twice per year as the Summer and Winter Punch.
# Pyrgotoides crassipes

Pyrgotoides crassipes is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pyrgotoides of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Panama.
# Qarqucaq

Qarqucaq (also, Karkudzhan, Karkudzhak, Karakudzhakh, and Karakudzhak) is a village and municipality in the Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 745.
# QWK

QWK may refer to:
* every week, medication dosage term
* QWK (file format), used by offline mail readers
* WLEJ (AM) 1450 AM, "QWK" Rock, radio station broadcasting from State College, Pennsylvania, USA
** WQWK (FM) 105.9 FM, which also carries the QWK brand in State College, Pennsylvania, USA
** WOWY (FM) 103.1 FM, a defunct station of State College, Pennsylvania, USA
# Gornje Vidovo

Gornje Vidovo is a village in the municipality of Paraćin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 855 people.
# Nibbixwoud

Nibbixwoud is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Medemblik, and lies about 5 km north of Hoorn.

## History

The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Nuweboxwoude, and means "the new forest of Bok (person)". New was added to distinguish from Oudeboxwoude which is nowadays called Hauwert. Nibbixwoud developed in the 11th century as a peat excavation area.
The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church which was built in 1834 to replace its 14th century predecessor. In 1860, the town hall was constructed in front of the church at a right angle. The church was decommissioned in 1980 and became a cultural centre. The church and town hall have been converted into a single building in 1982.
Nibbixwoud was home to 280 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1979, when it was merged with Wognum. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Medemblik.

## Gallery

* Farm in Nibbixwoud
* Church and Cultural Centre 'Bessie'
* Catholic St Cunera Church
# Ilhéu de Santa Maria

Ilhéu de Santa Maria (once known as Quail Island) is a small uninhabited islet of the Sotavento archipelago in Cape Verde located off the shore of the island Santiago. Like all Cape Verdean islands, the islet is of volcanic origin. The islet has an area of roughly 0.05 square kilometres (12 acres) and is 420 metres (460 yards) long and 130 metres (140 yards) wide. It is situated at the entrance of Praia Harbour, in front of Praia da Gamboa, near the city centre of Praia.
In the 1850s, a customs house$^{:118}$ and warehouses were built on the islet.$^{:133}$ The buildings have been used for quarantine as well, but this was moved to the new Lazareto on Ponta Temerosa in the 1870s.$^{:134}$
In 2015, the Cape Verdean government and the Chinese-based Legend Development Company agreed on construction of a hotel resort and casino on the islet. As of May 2018, the bridge from the islet to the mainland has been completed, and construction of the hotel and casino are due to start in August 2018.
* 1884 Map of Praia showing Ilhéu de Santa Maria as "Quail Island"
* Ruined buildings on the islet