OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hizzoner (disambiguation)

Hizzoner (and Herroner on occasion) is a corruption of the title "His Honor", used in particular to refer irreverently to the mayor of larger cities in the United States, especially the mayors of New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago.
The term can further refer to:
* Hizzoner Big Bill Thompson, an idyll of Chicago, a 1930 book by journalist John Bright
* Hizzoner, a 1933 short film directed by Ray McCarey
* Hizzonner, an American sitcom that aired on NBC for one season in 1979
* Hizzoner!, a 1984 New York Emmy Award-winning play by Paul Shyre about Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York City
* Hizzoner: Daley the First, a 2006 play by Neil Giuntoli about Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago
# Mark IX

Mark IX or Mark 9 often refers to the ninth version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk."
Mark IX or Mark 9 may refer to:

## Technology
### Military and weaponry

* BL 9.2 inch gun Mk IX–X (1899), a British 9.2 inch coastal defence cannon
* Armstrong Whitworth 12-inch 40-calibre naval gun Mark IX (1901), a British naval gun that was later used on land in the BL 12 inch Railway Gun
* 21in Mk IX torpedo, a British 21-inch torpedo
* Bliss-Leavitt Mark 9 torpedo (1915), an American 21-inch torpedo
* Mark IX tank, a World War I troop-carrying tank—the first armoured personnel carrier
* Ordnance QF 2 pounder (1936–1945), British mounted gun used in World War II
* Supermarine Spitfire Mk IX, the second most numerous Spitfire variant
* Floro MK-9 (2001), a submachine gun designed and built in the Philippines
* W9 (nuclear warhead), 11-inch (280 mm) nuclear artillery shell

### Vehicles

* Jaguar Mark IX (1959–1961), a British luxury car
* Lincoln MK9 (2004), a concept car

## Other uses

* Mark 9 or Mark IX, the ninth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
* Mark IX Hawk, a fictional spacecraft in the Space 1999 TV series
# Jan Baz

Jan Baz Khan is a citizen of Afghanistan who allegedly turned over innocent men to American troops in the beginning of the war in Afghanistan.
One of the detainees who were beaten to death at Bagram was a taxi driver named Dilawar. A May 20, 2005 article in the New York Times reports that Dilawar was captured by troops loyal to Jan Baz Khan, the "guerrilla commander" who guarded Firebase Salerno, shortly after three rockets were fired at the base. American troops beat Dilawar to death on December 10, 2002, five days after he arrived at Bagram. According to the article, by February 2003, Bagram intelligence analysts concluded that Jan Baz was handing over innocent men to garner American approval, and that he was behind the rocket attack himself.
# Holly Tucker (musician)

Holly Tucker (born December 22, 1992) is an American country music singer and multi-instrumentalist from Lorena, Texas who starred on Season 4 of television series The Voice.
Tucker is a Waco, Texas native, where she also resides.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* It's About Time (2007)
* Love Is What She Likes (2011)
* Steel (2016)
* Welcome to Waco (2018)
* You're Gonna Know My Name (2023)

### EPs

* Something to Be Said (2012)

### Demos

* For You (2009)

### Singles

* "Wax Paper Cups" (feat. Ray Johnston) (2016)

### Singles from The Voice

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Title | US Country | US Bubbling |
| 2013 | "How Great Thou Art" | 35 | 22 |
| 2013 | "Done" | 46 | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||
# Jan Wichers

Jan Gerard Wichers (15 July 1745 – 3 October 1808) was a military officer and lawyer. He served as Governor of Suriname from 1784 until 1790.

## Biography

Wichers was born on 15 July 1745 in Groningen, Dutch Republic. In 1760, he started studying law at the University of Groningen, and obtained his doctorate on 15 June 1768. He enlisted in the army.
In 1771, Wichers was appointed Raad Fiscaal (Attorney general) in Suriname. In 1775, Jan Wicherides, his only child, was born as a result of an extra-maritial affair with the free negress Adjuba. Jan Wicherides would later become mayor of Uithoorn.
On 24 December 1784, Wichers was appointed Governor-General of Suriname. In 1785, he was promoted major general. In 1790, Fort Groningen was built. A city was planned around the fort, however the development of the town remained limited. Wichers wanted to promote a mixed race middle class, because he felt that the Europeans in the colony had little loyalty to Suriname. He had planned, but never executed, to give an award of ƒ100,- for every mixed race child who was manumitted.
On 15 June 1790, Wichers was succeeded by Jurriaan François de Friderici. He returned to the Netherlands, and became a member of the Council of American Colonies in the Hague. In 1806, he became a member of the Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde.
Wichers died on 3 October 1808 in Vreeswijk, at the age of 63.

## Legacy

In 2012, RTV Noord aired a documentary about Groningen, Suriname, the town founded by Jan Wichers.
# Holger (given name)

Holger is a Scandinavian masculine given name derived from the Old Norse name Hólmgeirr, a compound of hólmr 'island', and geirr 'spear'. It is most common amongst Danish people. It is uncommon as a surname, but is found as Holkeri in Finnish. People with the name include:
* Holger Albrechtsen (1906–1992), Norwegian hurdler
* Holger Badstuber, German footballer
* Holger Behrendt, German gymnast and Olympic champion
* Holger Börner (1931–2006), German politician
* Holger Cahill (1887–1960), American, National Director of the Federal Art Project
* Holger Chen, Taiwanese YouTuber
* Holger Crafoord (1908–1982), Swedish industrialist who established the Crafoord Prize
* Holger Czukay (1938–2017), German musician
* Holger Drachmann (1846–1908), Danish poet and dramatist
* Holger Fach, German football player and manager
* Holger Glandorf, German former professional handballer
* Holger Granström (1917–1941), Finnish ice hockey player
* Holger Gustafsson, Swedish politician
* Holger Hansen (1929–2015), Danish politician and academic
* Holger Juul Hansen (1924–2013), Danish actor
* Holger Henning (1905–1981), Swedish Navy vice admiral
* Holger Hieronymus (born 1959), German football player
* Holger Hiller, German musician
* Holger Hott, Norwegian athletic
* Holger Löwenadler (1904–1977), Swedish film actor
* Hólger Matamoros (born 1985), Ecuadorian football player
* Holger Bech Nielsen, Danish physicist
* Holger K. Nielsen (born 1950), Danish politician
* Holger Osieck, German football coach
* Holger Simon Paulli (1810–1891), Danish conductor and composer
* Holger Pedersen (linguist) (1867–1953), Danish linguist
* Holger Pedersen (astronomer) (born 1946), Danish astronomer
* Holger Petersen, Canadian businessman, record producer and radio broadcaster
* Hólger Quiñónez (born 1962), Ecuadorian football player
* Holger Rasmusen (1894–1983), American politician
* Holger Roed (1846–1874), Danish painter
* Holger Romander (1921–2020), Swedish civil servant
* Holger Rune (born 2003), Danish tennis player
* Holger Sundström (1925–2023), Swedish sailor
* Holger Thiele (1878–1946), Danish-American astronomer
* Holger Waldenberger (born 1967), German professional quizzer
# Hlabisa Local Municipality

Hlabisa was an administrative area in the Umkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Hlabisa is an isiZulu surname of the two nkosis (kings) in the area. The municipality was situated within the vicinity of four Tribal Authorities which are the Mkhwanazi Tribal Authority, the Mdletshe Tribal Authority, and two Hlabisa Tribal Authorities.
The municipality was generally characterised by isolated rural communities with high levels of poverty. The most significant land use was subsistence agriculture and dispersed settlements, plantations and agriculture are found throughout the municipality. The major draw card of Hlabisa was the tourism industry centred on the adjacent game reserve.
After municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger Big Five Hlabisa Local Municipality.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population |
| Abakwahlabisa | 53501 | 133.62 | 16,583 |
| Hlabisa | 53502 | 1.14 | 652 |
| Mdletshe | 53503 | 375.17 | 38,851 |
| Mpembeni | 53504 | 114.83 | 10,490 |
| Mpukunyoni | 53505 | 796.90 | 110,299 |

## Politics

The municipal council consisted of sixteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eight councillors were elected by first-past-the-post voting in eight wards, while the remaining eight were chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives was proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 18 May 2011 no party obtained a majority. The following table shows the results of the election.
The National Freedom Party lost a ward to the Inkatha Freedom Party in a by-election in December 2012. As a result, the IFP gained a majority of 9 seats on the council.
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total |
| | IFP | 8,573 | 8,502 | 17,075 | 46.8 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| | ANC | 5,052 | 5,076 | 10,128 | 27.8 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| | NFP | 4,559 | 4,561 | 9,120 | 25.0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| | DA | 35 | 90 | 125 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 18,219 | 18,229 | 36,448 | 100.0 | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| Spoilt votes | Spoilt votes | 329 | 318 | 647 |
# Markov–Krein theorem

In probability theory, the Markov–Krein theorem gives the best upper and lower bounds on the expected values of certain functions of a random variable where only the first moments of the random variable are known. The result is named after Andrey Markov and Mark Krein.
The theorem can be used to bound average response times in the M/G/k queueing system.
# James Wolfe Murray, Lord Cringletie

The Hon. James Wolfe Murray, Lord Cringletie (5 January 1759–29 May1836) was a Scottish lawyer and a Senator of the College of Justice.

## Life

Murray was born in Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia on 5 January 1759 the son of Marion (Mary) Anne Stewart and Lieutenant Cololnel Alexander Murray of Cringletie (1719-1762). His father served with General Wolfe at Quebec, and named James after him in his honour.
He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh then studied law at the University of Edinburgh.
In 1816 he was appointed a Lord of Session with the title Lord Cringletie, named after his country seat, Cringletie House in Peeblesshire (rebuilt in 1861 by his son). His position filled the place of Allan Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank, who had died. His Edinburgh address was at 17 Charlotte Square.
He died in Edinburgh on 29 May 1836, and is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard. The grave lies against the original western wall, backing onto the western extension.

## Family

In April 1807 he married Isabella Katherine Strange (1785-1847). Their 11 children included Brigadier General James Wolfe Murray (1814-1890), father of Lieutenant General James Wolfe Murray, and Major General Thomas Andrew Lumsden Murray.
# Mark Kachanov

Mark Kachanov is an American mechanical engineer, currently a professor at Tufts University and also the Editor-in-Chief of Elsevier's International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Springer's Letters in Fracture and Micromechanics.
# James de Congalton Hepburn

James de Congalton Hepburn (April 23, 1878 – December 24, 1955) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Prince Edward—Lennox in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1937 to 1948 as a Conservative (1937–1943) and Progressive Conservative (1943–1948).
He was born in Picton, Ontario, the son of Arthur W. Hepburn who operated a fleet of steamships. Hepburn was educated at Trinity College School in Port Hope and entered his father's business after completing his schooling. He also served three years as reeve of Picton.
Hepburn became speaker following the resignation of William James Stewart. He served as speaker of the Legislature of Ontario from March 24, 1947, to April 16, 1948. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1948.
He died at home in Picton at the age of 77.
# Gilles Verstraeten

Gilles Verstraeten (born 6 November 1989) is a Belgian lawyer, political commentator and politician. Since 2019, he has served as a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region for the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) party.
Verstraeten studied law at KU Leuven and Vrije Universiteit Brussel before graduating in 2013. He worked in the European Parliament as a personal assistant to British Conservative Party MEP Daniel Hannan and was a director for the Open Europe think tank and the Students for Liberty group. He is also chairman of the N-VA section of the municipality of Anderlecht and vice-chairman of the Brussels section of the Jong N-VA. Politically, Verstraeten has described himself as a conservative and a classical liberal. He stated that he chose to become active in the N-VA as he felt the other main Flemish conservative liberal party the Open VLD had moved too far to the left.
In 2019, he was third on the N-VA list for the Brussels-Capital Region and was elected to the Brussels Parliament where he focuses on matters related to social affairs, integration, education, LGBT issues and the economy. He is also a municipal councilor in Anderlecht.
# Howard, Ohio

Howard is a census-designated place (CDP) in southern Howard Township, Knox County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 246. The United States Postal Service has assigned Howard the ZIP Code 43028. The community lies along U.S. Route 36.

## History

Originally called "Kinderhook", the community adopted the name "Howard" when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office called Howard has been in operation since 1872.
East Knox High School is located in Howard, as are the East Knox Local School District board offices. The Kokosing Gap Trail runs through Howard, Ohio.
# Cumhuriyet (disambiguation)

Cumhuriyet means "republic" in Turkish. It may refer to:
* Cumhuriyet, a daily newspaper in Turkey
* Cumhuriyet University, a public university in Sivas Province, Turkey
* Cumhuriyet (The Republic (film)), 1998 Turkish film

## Places

* Cumhuriyet, Çay, a village in the district of Çay, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
* Cumhuriyet, Dinar, a village in the district of Dinar, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
* Cumhuriyet, Gülağaç, a village in the district of Gülağaç, Aksaray Province, Turkey
* Cumhuriyet, Karakoçan
* Cumhuriyet, Kayapınar
* Cumhuriyet, Manyas, a village
# LaDema Langdon

LaDema Mary Langdon (5 January 1893 – April 1977) was an American botanist known for her work on floral anatomy, taxonomy, embryology, and morphology of Juglandaceae, Fagaceae, Cycas, and Dioon spinulosum. She was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was a professor at Baltimore Junior College and Goucher College. She earned her bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and her graduate degrees from the University of Chicago.
Langdon's research focused on the stem anatomy of Cycas and Dioon spinulosum as well as the anatomy and taxonomy of floral species such as the family of Juglandaceae and Fagaceae. While the cycas species was previously investigated, Langdon's research was the first to investigate its growth rings. In a study, she also described the anatomy of the packing tissue of the genus Carya. Her works were funded by grants from the National Research Council and the American Philosophical Society.

## Publications

* The Ray System of Quercus Alba (1918)
* Anatomy of seedling buds of Quercus (1927)
* Embryogeny of Carya and Juglans, A Comparative Study (1934)
* Ontogenetic and anatomical studies of the flower and fruit of the Fagaceae and Juglandaceae (1939)
# Girvan Academy

Girvan Academy is an 11–18 secondary school in Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is the seventh largest secondary school in South Ayrshire, with a pupil roll of 541 enrolled at the school in 2023–2024. The school is the responsibility of South Ayrshire Council, the local authority for the South Ayrshire region, with its head teacher, Mark Anderson, assuming responsibility for the daily operation and running of the school.
The Head Teacher until the end of session 2020–21 was Elaine Harrigan. In 2021, Mark Anderson was appointed as Head Teacher.

## History

In the early 1800s there were two schools in Girvan: the Burgh School and the Parish School, which was also known as the Parochial or Grammar School at different times in its history. Around 1812, the two schools merged to form Girvan Higher Grade School which later became Girvan High School, subsequently renamed as Girvan Academy.
The present building was completed in 1988.
In 2017 the school launched a horticultural and rural skills programme.

## Notable pupils

* Graeme Eaglesham (born 1989), footballer
# Histoires de luv

"Histoires de luv" is fourth single by French-Canadian rapper K.Maro, and the first single from his third studio album Million Dollar Boy. The song contains mix of French and English lyrics.

## Track listings
### CD single

* "Histoires de luv" featuring Shy'm — 3:47
* "Strip Club" — 4:19

### 12" maxi

* "Histoires de luv" featuring Shy'm — 3:47
* "Million Dollar Boy"

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2005–06) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 7 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 11 |
| CIS (TopHit) | 20 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 4 |
| France (SNEP) | 6 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 15 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2005) | Position |
| France (SNEP) | 63 |
| Chart (2006) | Position |
| CIS (Tophit) | 101 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Histoires de luv" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 200,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Oracula vivæ vocis

Oracula vivæ vocis (singular: oraculum vivæ vocis) is a Latin term of Catholic canon law that refers to decisions of the pope or heads of the dicasteries that are made verbally. Literally the Latin refers to an "oracular out-voice," or an utterance of an oracle. They are immediately binding within the respective organizations to which they are directed, but are only binding externally after their existence has been proven.
It has been used particularly with regard to some popes' interactions with Society of Jesus, in which special privileges were granted but are preserved by word of mouth and, if memorialized, are done so only in secret archives.
# Girardeau

Girardeau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arnett E. Girardeau (1929–2017), American dentist and politician
* Émile Girardeau (1882–1970), French engineer
* Isabella Girardeau, opera soprano in the 1711 premiere of Rinalso
* John Girardeau (1825–1898), American Presbyterian minister and theologian
* Marvin D. Girardeau (1930–2015), quantum physicist and research professor at the University of Arizona
# Senator Bullard

Senator Bullard may refer to:
* Bill Bullard Jr. (1943–2020), Michigan State Senate
* Dwight M. Bullard (born 1977), Florida State Senate
* Larcenia Bullard (1947–2013), Florida State Senate
# Senator Tallmadge

Senator Tallmadge or Talmadge may refer to:
* Frederick A. Tallmadge (1792–1869), New York State Senate
* Herman Talmadge (1913–2002), U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1957 to 1981
* Matthias B. Tallmadge (1774–1819), New York State Senate
* Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (1795–1864), U.S. Senator from New York from 1833 to 1844
* Phil Talmadge (born 1952), Washington State Senate
# Senator Tanner

Senator Tanner may refer to:
* Gloria Tanner (1935–2022), Colorado State Senate
* John Riley Tanner (1844–1901), Illinois State Senate
* William Elam Tanner (1836–1896), Virginia State Senate
# Senator Taft (disambiguation)

Robert A. Taft (1889–1953) was the U.S. Senator from Ohio from 1939 to 1953.
Senator Taft may also refer to:
* Bezaleel Taft Jr. (1780–1846), Massachusetts State Senate
* Bezaleel Taft Sr. (1750–1839), Massachusetts State Senate
* Kingsley A. Taft (1903–1970), Ohio State Senate
* Robert Taft Jr. (1917–1993), Ohio State Senate
* Russell S. Taft (1835–1902), Vermont State Senate
* William W. Taft (born 1932), Ohio State Senate
# Glenns Ferry Formation

The Glenns Ferry Formation is a Pliocene stratigraphic unit in the western United States. Outcrops of the formation in Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument preserve the remains of seven fish species, five of which are extinct. These include the teleosteans Mylopharodon hagermanensis, Sigmopharyngodon idahoensis, and Ptychocheilus oregonensis, Ameirurus vespertinus, and the sunfish Archoplites taylori. A nearly complete skull of the catfish Ameirurus vespertinus was recovered in 2001 from the wall of the Smithsonian Horse Quarry.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument," Hunt, Santucci, and Kenworthy (2006); page 67.
# Sellar Property Group

Sellar Property Group is a British property group. It is headquartered at 42-44 Bermondsey Street, London. Sellar was previously headquartered in Park Street, Mayfair.

## Developments

The company is notable for its project Shard London Bridge, built in London Borough of Southwark, United Kingdom.
The company has teamed up with Renzo Piano and Great Western Developments on plans for Paddington Quarter, which is a £775m redevelopment of the former Royal Mail sorting office adjacent to Paddington Station.
The company is developing King’s Place following planning permission being granted for a 444-bed student accommodation development on Borough High Street.
# Sellathurai

Sellathurai is a surname from Sri Lanka. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mathini Sellathurai, electrical engineer in Scotland
* Prashanth Sellathurai (born 1986), Australian gymnast
# Sellards Lake

Sellards Lake is a lake in Meeker County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Sellards Lake was named for Thomas Sellards, an early settler.
# Sensitive flame

A sensitive flame is a gas flame which under suitable adjustment of pressure resonates readily with sounds or air vibrations in the vicinity. Noticed by both the American scientist John LeConte and the English physicist William Fletcher Barrett, they recorded the effect that a shrill note had upon a gas flame issuing from a tapering jet. The phenomenon caught the attention of the Irish physicist John Tyndall who gave a lecture on the process to the Royal Institution in January 1867.
While not necessary to observe the effect, a higher flame temperature allows for easier observation. Sounds at lower to mid-range frequencies have little to no effect on the flame. However, shrill noises at high frequencies produce noticeable effects on the flame. Even the ticking of a pocket watch was observed as producing a high enough frequency to affect the flame.
# Gloria Ortiz

Gloria Ortiz may refer to
* Gloria Stella Diaz Ortiz, Colombian politician, born 1964
* Gloria Stella Ortiz Delgado, Colombian jurist, born 1969
* Gloria Ortiz-Hernandez, Colombian artist, born 1943
# Senuma

Senuma (written: 瀬沼) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Senuma Kayō, (瀬沼夏葉, 1897 – 1915), Japanese translator
* Masakazu Senuma (瀬沼 正和, born 1978), Japanese footballer
* Yuji Senuma (瀬沼 優司, born 1990), Japanese footballer
# Senur

Senur is a census town in Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of 2001 reckoning in India, Senur had 7,558 dwellers. Men make up 51% of the folk while women make up 49%. Senur has a middling learning rate of 59%, lesser than the homeland average of 59.5%: male learning rate is 66%, and female learning rate is 51%. In Senur, 12% of the folks are under 6 years of age.
# Semestene

Semestene is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Sassari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 206 and an area of 39.8 square kilometres (15.4 sq mi).
Semestene borders the following municipalities: Bonorva, Cossoine, Macomer, Pozzomaggiore, Sindia.