OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plan A

Plan A may refer to:
* Plan A (Johannes Oerding album), 2022
* Plan A (Lil Tecca album), 2024
* "Plan A" (The Dandy Warhols song), 2003
* "Plan A" (Paulo Londra song), 2022
* "Plan A: Captain Cook", first episode of Blackadder Goes Forth
* Plan A Entertainment, South Korean independent record label
* Plan A (film), 2021
# Dudley North, 3rd Baron North

Dudley North, 3rd Baron North (1581 – 16 January 1666) was an English nobleman and politician.

## Biography

North was the son of Sir John North and of Dorothy, daughter and heiress of Sir Valentine Dale. He succeeded his grandfather, Roger North, 2nd Baron North, at the age of nineteen. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and married in 1599 Frances, daughter of Sir John Brocket of Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire. He travelled in Italy, took part in the campaign of 1602 in the Netherlands, and on his return became a conspicuous figure at court, excelling in athletic exercises as well as in poetry and music, and gaining the friendship of Prince Henry.
In 1606, while returning from Eridge to London, he discovered the springs at The Pantiles, Tunbridge Wells, which cured North himself of a complaint and quickly became famous. He also recommended the Epsom springs to the public.
He supported and subscribed to the expedition to Guyana made by his brother Roger North (c. 1582 – c. 1652) in 1619, and when Roger departed without leave, Dudley was imprisoned for two days in the Fleet. In 1626 he attached himself to the party of Lord Saye and Sele in the Lords, who were in sympathy with the aims of the Commons; and when the Civil War broke out he was on the side of the parliament. In 1641 he was a member of the Lords committee on Religion, and served on the committee to consider Laud's attainder in 1644, finally voting for the ordinance in January 1645. He was placed on the admiralty commission in 1645, and acted as Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire. He was one of the small group of Lords who continued attendance in the House of Peers, and on 19 December 1648, with three others, visited Fairfax, when they "cast down their honors at his Excellency's feet" and protested their desire not to retain any privileges prejudicial to the public interest. He passed the rest of his life in retirement at Kirtling in Cambridgeshire. He died leaving a daughter (Dorothy) and two sons, the elder of which, Sir Dudley, succeeded him as the 4th Baron North.

## Works

Dudley North wrote A Forest of Varieties (1645), a miscellany of essays and poems, another edition of which was published in 1659 under the title of A Forest promiscuous of various Seasons' Productions.
# Ducks and Drakes (play)

Ducks and Drakes is a 1941 comedy play by the Irish writer Molly Keane. The plot revolves around the wives of three brothers, all living on a farm while their husbands are away due to the war.
It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Bath before transferring to the West End. It ran for 23 performances at the Apollo Theatre, directed by John Gielgud, with a cast that included Judy Campbell, Ronald Squire, Nora Swinburne, Kathleen Harrison, Mary Jerrold and Lilian Braithwaite.
# Planet Patrol

Planet Patrol is an American electro group originating in the 1980s. The members were Arthur Baker, John Robie, and a quintet of vocalists led by Herbert J. Jackson (lead singer), Joseph Lites, Rodney Butler, Michael Anthony Jones, and Melvin B. Franklin (not to be confused with Melvin Franklin of The Temptations). The group only produced a single album, the self-titled Planet Patrol in 1983, which peaked at #64 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart.
The group's most popular song, "Play at Your Own Risk", was created from tracks that did not make the final version of Afrika Bambaataa's seminal "Planet Rock".

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | Label | US R&B |
| 1983 | Planet Patrol | Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records | 64 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Single | US Dance | US R&B | UK |
| 1982 | "Play at Your Own Risk" | 10 | 21 | ― |
| 1983 | "I Didn't Know I Loved You (Till I Saw You Rock and Roll)" | ― | 62 | ― |
| 1983 | "Cheap Thrills" | 56 | 30 | 64 |
| 1984 | "It Wouldn't Have Made Any Difference" | ― | ― | ― |
| 1984 | "Danger Zone" | ― | ― | ― |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. |||||
# Dry Run, Scioto County, Ohio

Dry Run is an unincorporated community in Scioto County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Dry Run was established in 1888, and remained in operation until 1908. The community takes its name from nearby Dry Run creek. Besides the post office, Dry Run had a schoolhouse.
# Plantation Pipeline

The Plantation Pipe Line Company, headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia, delivers refined petroleum products to communities and businesses throughout the South and parts of the Eastern United States. The company is owned by a partnership between Exxon and the pipeline operator Kinder Morgan. Plantation consists of 3,100 miles of pipeline, originating at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and terminating near Washington D.C. The pipeline travels through the coastal states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. A branch from the main pipeline also reaches into Tennessee. Much of the pipeline route parallels the path of Colonial Pipeline and many terminals along the route can receive products from either pipeline. Major metropolitan markets served by Plantation include: Birmingham, Atlanta, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Greenville/Spartanburg, Charlotte, Greensboro, Roanoke, Richmond, and Washington.

## History
### 1940

Several major oil companies began discussing a Gulf Coast-to-East Coast pipeline in 1940.

### 1942

Plantation began operation. Initial construction costs were $20,000,000.

### 1943

A 180-mile extension of Plantation was built from Greensboro to Richmond, Virginia.

### 1964

A 120-mile extension of Plantation was built from Richmond, Virginia to Alexandria, Virginia.
# Luzon, West Virginia

Luzon is an unincorporated community in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.
# Duffity, New South Wales

Duffity Parish is a civil parish of Gregory County, New South Wales in Warren Shire located at 31°11'04.0"S 147°39'51.0"E. in New South Wales.
# Duffin–Schaeffer theorem

The Koukoulopoulos–Maynard theorem, also known as the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture, is a theorem in mathematics, specifically, the Diophantine approximation proposed as a conjecture by R. J. Duffin and A. C. Schaeffer in 1941 and proven in 2019 by Dimitris Koukoulopoulos and James Maynard. It states that if $f:\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{+}$ is a real-valued function taking on positive values, then for almost all $\alpha$ (with respect to Lebesgue measure), the inequality
    $\left|\alpha -{\frac {p}{q}}\right|<{\frac {f(q)}{q}}$
has infinitely many solutions in coprime integers $p,q$ with $q>0$ if and only if
    $\sum _{q=1}^{\infty }\varphi (q){\frac {f(q)}{q}}=\infty ,$
where $\varphi (q)$ is Euler's totient function.
A higher-dimensional analogue of this conjecture was resolved by Vaughan and Pollington in 1990.

## Introduction

That existence of the rational approximations implies divergence of the series follows from the Borel–Cantelli lemma. The converse implication is the crux of the conjecture. There have been many partial results of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture established to date. Paul Erdős established in 1970 that the conjecture holds if there exists a constant $c>0$ such that for every integer $n$ we have either $f(n)=c/n$ or $f(n)=0$. This was strengthened by Jeffrey Vaaler in 1978 to the case $f(n)=O(n^{-1})$. More recently, this was strengthened to the conjecture being true whenever there exists some $\varepsilon >0$ such that the series
    $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\left({\frac {f(n)}{n}}\right)^{1+\varepsilon }\varphi (n)=\infty .$
This was done by Haynes, Pollington, and Velani.
In 2006, Beresnevich and Velani proved that a Hausdorff measure analogue of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture is equivalent to the original Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture, which is a priori weaker. This result was published in the Annals of Mathematics.
# MBM (architecture firm)

MBM ARQUITECTES is an architecture and urban design Spanish firm founded in 1951, and named from the initials of the last names of the three founders partners Josep Martorell, Oriol Bohigas and David Mackay. Since 2000 the firm incorporates two young architects: Oriol Capdevila and Francesc Gual, who join the firm. All of them are Spanish and Mackay, who died in November 2014, was English-Irish.

## History

The firm was one of the only exponents of modernism under Francisco Franco and served as a launching pad for many Spanish architects. The team also wrote, edited, published and lectured, promoting a modernist take on regionalism and designed many schools, libraries, housing projects, offices buildings and churches.
MBM did "pioneering" work in transforming Barcelona’s public spaces during the 1980s and earned a worldwide reputation the firm.

## Barcelona Olympics

MBM did design work for the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 including on the city's masterplan. The firm designed the Vila Olímpica, the Olympic Park (Parc del Litoral) and the Olympic Port. Their urban plan expanded the number of public spaces and cultural buildings and integrated the works of other major architects including Norman Foster and Richard Meier that helped achieve an "urban renaissance".

## Recent work

The firm showed 32 design projects that were never built at their 2003 Lost Architectures exhibit at the RIAI’s architecture centre in Dublin. The exhibit offered "a rare opportunity to reflect on the reasons, the trends, and the architectural culture of the time." In a comparison to Le Corbusier's speech when he received the Royal Gold Medal for Architecture in London in 1953 and "spoke of his failures", Mackay said, "Now, after 50 years of architecture, we are guilty of the crime of being on the scene too long. This has given us, too, the opportunity to accumulate many failures."
MBM partner David Mackay oversaw a masterplan for the "Arc of Opportunity" at the Lower Lea Valley, part of 2 billion pound regeneration scheme for London in 2002. In 2008 the firm's so-called Stapler museum design for Barcelona was initially rejected The museum is to hold a collection furniture, lamps and utensils in Barcelona and the contents of the city's former textile museum, "which was controversially closed" in 2006. but now under construction.

## Works

* Guardiola House, Argentona (1955)
* Europalma Apartments, Majorca (1964)
* Parc de la Creueta del Coll, Barcelona (1987)
* Quartier Sextius Mirabeau, Aix-en-Provence, France ( 1990) )
* Harbormaster's House, Olympic Port in Barcelona (1991)
* Vila Olimpica (Olympic Village), Barcelona (1992)
* Gothic stone and tensile pavilion, Seville Expo(1992)
* 'Small Circus' Apartments, Maastricht (1994-98)
* Disseny Hub Barcelona
# MBM

MBM may refer to:

## Businesses and organisations

* MBM (architecture firm), a Spanish company
* Meadowbrook Meat Company, a subsidiary of McLane Company
* McKee-Berger-Mansueto, an American construction company
** MBM scandal
* M.B.M. Engineering College, in Jodhpur, India

## Sports

* MBM (automobile), a Swiss Formula One racing car
* MBM Motorsports, an American stock car racing team

## Other uses

* MBM (file format), a container for a set of bitmap images
* Maayong Buntag Mindanao, the regional morning show of ABS-CBN Davao in the Philippines
* Master of Business and Management, a postgraduate degree
* Mambalam railway station, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, station code MBM
* Meat and bone meal, a product of the rendering industry
* Meat Beat Manifesto, a British electronic music group
* Miri City Council (Majlis Bandaraya Miri), a city council in Sarawak, Malaysia
* Mbama language, ISO 639-3 language code mbm
# Platte River (disambiguation)

The Platte River is a principal tributary of the Missouri River, in the United States.
The Platte River may also refer to:
* Platte River (Iowa and Missouri), in the United States
* Platte River (Michigan), in the United States
* Platte River (Minnesota), in the United States
* Platte River (Wisconsin), in the United States
# Plim

plim may be:
# Pohari Assembly constituency

Pohari Assembly constituency (formerly, Pohri) is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as Sheopur Pohri, one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Madhya Bharat state.

## Overview

Pohari (constituency number 24) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Shivpuri district. This constituency covers the entire Pohari tehsil and parts of Shivpuri and Narwar tehsils of the district.
Pohari is part of Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, Karera in this district and Gwalior Rural, Gwalior, Gwalior East, Gwalior South, Bhitarwar and Dabra in Gwalior district.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

Madhya Bharat :
| Election | Name | Party | Party |
| 1952 | Malkhan Singh Rawat | | Indian National Congress |
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly :
| Election | Name | Party |
| 2008 | Prahlad Bharti | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | Prahlad Bharti | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Suresh Rathkedha (Dhakad) | Indian National Congress |
| 2020 (byelection) | Suresh Rathkedha (Dhakad) | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Kailash Kushwah | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### 2018

2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Pohari :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | BJP | Suresh Dhakad | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| | BJP gain from | BJP gain from | Swing |
# Dui Bigha Jomi

"Dui Bigha Jomi" (IPA:, transl. Two bighas of land) is a Bengali language poem written by Rabindranath Tagore. The poem describes a peasant's love towards his land and was the inspiration for the story Rickshawala, on which the Hindi film Do Bigha Zamin, directed by Bimal Roy, was based.

## Synopsis

The poem is written in the first-person narrative, from the perspective of a peasant called "Upen". He was a poor man with nothing other than "Dui Bigha Jomi", two bighas of ancestral land. The rich landlord (zamindar) of his village conspired against Upen, filed a false lawsuit against him and evicted him from his land. Being unable to prevail against the powerful zamindar, Upen left his village, became a disciple of a holyman (sannyasi), and began travelling to different places as a homeless person. Several years passed and Upen ultimately returned to his homeland. On entering the village, he experienced strong emotions. He sat beside a mango tree and recalled how he uses to play around the tree during his childhood. Suddenly two mangoes fell from the tree. Upen considered this as a gift to him from the tree, but just then, the zamindar's gardener came on the scene, and without recognising Upen, the real owner of the land, accused him of stealing fruits and took him to the zamindar. The zamindar also failed to identify Upen, and with his friends insulted him and called him a thief.

## Influence

The title of Tagore's poem and the story (Rickshawala) by music director Salil Chowdhury, inspired Do Bigha Zamin (1953), a Hindi-language film directed by Bimal Roy; it was noted as one of the "most memorable films of post-colonial India". The poem has been referred in numerous books and stories including Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's Dui Bari.
# MGY

MGY or a variant thereof is used as an abbreviation for:
* Megagray (MGy) and milligray (mGy), SI derived units of the gray (absorbed radiation dose)
* mgy, MGY, mmgy, MMgy, or MMGY: Million gallons per year
MGY as an identifier has been used to denote:
* Dayton-Wright Brothers Airport, IATA code
* Montgomeryshire, historic county in Wales, Chapman code
* The maritime call sign of RMS Titanic's radiotelegraph station
MGY may also refer to:
# Duchess of York (1807 ship)

Duchess of York was a Spanish prize that started on a voyage as a slave ship. She was cut off on the coast of Africa in 1807 on her first slave trading voyage and disappears.
She first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1807.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1807 | Jn.Davis | Critchley | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
Captain John Davis sailed from Liverpool on 22 March 1807. (She sailed before 1 May, the day on which the Slave Trade Act 1807 took effect, banning British vessels from participating in the slave trade.) She is believed to have gathered slaves on the coast between Rio Nuñez and the Assini River. At the end of December, Lloyd's List reported that Duchess of York, Davis, master, had been cut off on the coast of Africa. The next report was that Duchess of York, Davis, master, was stranded onshore at Baffoe Bay (possibly Boffa 10°11′N 14°02′W﻿ / ﻿10.18°N 14.04°W﻿ / 10.18; -14.04).
Reportedly, Duchess of York was attacked from the shore. She did not reach the Americas and her slaves apparently stayed in Africa.
The final disposition of Duchess of York, her captain, and crew is obscure. Both LR and the Register of Shipping continued to list her for several more years, but with stale data. An article on captains of slave ships makes no mention of her loss. An article on losses of slave ships has no information beyond that in the LL report.
In 1807, a short year because of the end of British participation in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, 12 British slave ships were lost, seven of them on the coast of Africa. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British slave vessels.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 LR (1807), Supple. pages "D", Seq.No.D12.
* 1 2 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Duchess of York voyage #81072.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4214. 25 December 1807. hdl:2027/hvd.32044105232946.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4217. 5 January 1808. hdl:2027/hvd.32044105232946.
* ↑ Behrendt (1990).
* ↑ Inikori (1996).
* ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
* ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
# Dumitru Târțău

Dumitru Târțău (born 24 November 1970) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a striker.

## International career

Dumitru Târțău played one friendly game at international level for Romania, which ended with a 2–0 victory against Israel, when he came as a substitute and replaced Adrian Ilie in the 76th minute of the game.

## Honours

UTA Arad
* Divizia B: 1992–93
Rapid București
* Cupa României: 1997–98
* Supercupa României: 1999
# Plug flow

In fluid mechanics, plug flow is a simple model of the velocity profile of a fluid flowing in a pipe. In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-section of the pipe perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The plug flow model assumes there is no boundary layer adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe.
The plug flow model has many practical applications. One example is in the design of chemical reactors. Essentially no back mixing is assumed with "plugs" of fluid passing through the reactor. This results in differential equations that need to be integrated to find the reactor conversion and outlet temperatures. Other simplifications used are perfect radial mixing and a homogeneous bed structure.
An advantage of the plug flow model is that no part of the solution of the problem can be perpetuated "upstream". This allows one to calculate the exact solution to the differential equation knowing only the initial conditions. No further iteration is required. Each "plug" can be solved independently provided the previous plug's state is known.
The flow model in which the velocity profile consists of the fully developed boundary layer is known as pipe flow. In laminar pipe flow, the velocity profile is parabolic.

## Determination

For flows in pipes, if flow is turbulent then the laminar sublayer caused by the pipe wall is so thin that it is negligible. Plug flow will be achieved if the sublayer thickness is much less than the pipe diameter ($\delta _{s}$<<D).
    $\delta _{s}={\frac {5\nu }{u^{*}}}$
    $u^{*}=\left({\frac {\tau _{w}}{\rho }}\right)^{1/2}$
    $\tau _{w}={\frac {D\Delta P}{4L}}$
    ${\frac {\Delta P}{L}}={\frac {f\rho V^{2}}{2D}}$
    ${1 \over {\sqrt {\mathit {f}}}}=-2.0\log _{10}\left({\frac {\epsilon /D}{3.7}}+{\frac {2.51}{{\text{Re}}{\sqrt {\mathit {f}}}}}\right),{\text{(turbulent flow)}}$
where $f$ is the Darcy friction factor (from the above equation or the Moody Chart), $\delta _{s}$ is the sublayer thickness, $D$ is the pipe diameter, $\rho$ is the density, $u^{*}$ is the friction velocity (not an actual velocity of the fluid), $V$ is the average velocity of the plug (in the pipe), $\tau _{w}$ is the shear on the wall, and $\Delta P$ is the pressure loss down the length $L$ of the pipe. $\epsilon$ is the relative roughness of the pipe. In this regime the pressure drop is a result of inertia-dominated turbulent shear stress rather than viscosity-dominated laminar shear stress.
# Dumrawan

Dumrawan is a large village and a Gram Panchayat in Pakri barawan block of Nawada district in the state of Bihar, India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Dumrawan had a population of 5159. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Dumrawan had an average literacy rate of 59.94%, below than the state average of 61.80%; with 66.87% of the males and 52.08% of females literate 16.38% of the population was under 6 years of age. The total geographical area of village is 658 hectares.

## Administration

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Dumrawan village is administrated by Mukhiya (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village. Dumrawan comes under Warisaliganj legislative constituency of state of Bihar and under the Nawada Lok Sabha constituency of India.

## Economy

In Dumrawan village out of total population, 1756 were engaged in work activities. 71.07% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 28.93% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1756 workers engaged in Main Work, 498 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 590 were Agricultural laborer. Agriculture is the main occupation, with the main crops being rice, wheat & pulses. However, the cultivation and growing of vegetables also offers substantial income to the residents. The Village has got Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank for all banking operations. Several people are also engaged in milk co-operative society Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation for their livelihood.

## Transport

Dumrawan village lies on SH8 connecting Nawada and Jamui districts of Bihar. Local modes of transport are also available from the village for nearby markets like Pakri barawan, Baghi Bardiha and Kadirganj.
# MD3

MD3, MD 3 or MD-3 can mean:
* Dätwyler MD-3 Swiss Trainer, a Swiss light aircraft
* Flyitalia MD3 Rider, an Italian ultralight aircraft
* Maryland's 3rd congressional district, a United States electoral region
* Maryland Route 3, a United States highway
* MD3 (file format)