OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Martin (Royal Navy officer)

Vice Admiral Sir John Edward Ludgate Martin, KCB, DSC (10 May 1918 – 31 May 2011) was a Royal Navy officer and Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.

## Naval career

Martin joined the Royal Navy in 1938. He served in the Second World War, taking part in the Dunkirk evacuation when his ship, Sun Tug 15, undertook four trips to Dunkirk to pick up evacuees. He also served as a navigation officer in the Mediterranean and took part in the invasion of Sicily in 1943.
Martin was appointed deputy director of Manpower Planning at the Admiralty in 1959, Senior Naval Officer in the West Indies in 1961 and Commander of British Forces in the Caribbean Area in 1962. He went on to be Captain at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth in 1963, Flag Officer, Middle East in 1966 and Commander of British Forces in the Gulf in 1967. His last appointments were as Director General of Naval Personal Services and Training in 1968 and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic in 1970; he retired in 1973.
In retirement he became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey. He died on 31 May 2011.

## Family

In 1942 Martin married Rosemary Ann Deck; they had two sons and two daughters.
# John Le Mesurier (British Army officer)

Lieutenant General John Le Mesurier (1834-1903) was a senior British Army officer.

## Biography

Descended from the Hereditary Governors of Alderney and the Rt. Hon. Paul Le Mesurier MP, Lord Mayor of London between 1793 and 1794, John Le Mesurier was the son of Reverend Henry Le Mesurier, Usher at Bedford School. He was born on 1 November 1834, and educated at Bedford School between 1843 and 1850.
He received his first commission in the Royal Engineers on 9 December 1853, and was sent to India in November 1855, serving in Sind as an Assistant Engineer and as an Executive Engineer. He served during the Anglo-Persian War, between 1856 and 1857, and fought in the Battle of Bushire and in the Battle of Khushab. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1861, to the rank of major in 1872, to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1874, and to the rank of colonel on 1 April 1879. He was appointed as Joint Secretary to the Public Works Department of the Government of Bombay in 1884, and Superintending Engineer in Sind in 1886. He retired from the Royal Engineers as a lieutenant general on 24 March 1887.
He designed the club house of the Poona Club.
He died in Bedford on 24 November 1903, aged 69.
Lieutenant General John Le Mesurier was the grandfather of the actor John Le Mesurier, who said of him: "I am quite glad never to have come across him. I don't think I'd have survived the encounter."
# John Malet (died 1644)

John Malet (c. 1573 – 10 April 1644) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons.
Malet was the son of Sir John Malet of Enmore, Somerset. He matriculated at the Balliol College, Oxford on 17 May 1588, aged 14 and was awarded BA on 28 January 1591. He succeeded his father in 1615.
In 1624, he was elected member of parliament for Bath in the Happy Parliament. He was appointed High Sheriff of Somerset for 1636.
In 1638 he obtained a Commission under the Great Seal from King Charles II to improve the navigation on the River Tone. This granted him and his heirs sole navigation rights from Bridgwater to Ham Mills, and allowed him to improve the river at his own expense. He saw this as a philanthropic action, as it reduced the price of coal to the poor people of Taunton, as well as improving the transport infrastructure.
He died in 1644 and was buried in Bath Abbey. He had married Ann, the daughter of Sir John Tracy of Toddington, Gloucestershire, with whom he had one son and four daughters. He was succeeded by his son, John.
# John Mills (footballer, born 1920)

Jack Mills (1920-1982) was a footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Chester. He subsequently played for Altrincham F.C.
# John Sinclair (environmentalist)

John Sinclair AO (13 July 1939 – 3 February 2019) was an Australian environmentalist who received the Global 500 Roll of Honour award in 1990, and was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1993.

## Early life

Born in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia, Sinclair fought for thirty years to protect Fraser Island, and succeeded in stopping logging of the island's rainforest, and sand mining by multinational corporations.
Sinclair was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 2014 Australia Day Honours for "distinguished service to conservation and the environment, through advocacy and leadership roles with a range of organisations, and to natural resource management and protection".
Sinclair died on 3 February 2019 in the Wesley Hospital in Auchenflower, Brisbane from prostate cancer. He is survived by his partner, four sons and nine grandchildren.
# Institute for Energy and Environmental Research

The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER) is an anti-nuclear organization which focuses on the environmental safety of nuclear weapons production, ozone layer depletion, and other issues relating to energy. IEER publishes a variety of books on energy-related issues, conducts workshops for activists on nuclear issues, and sponsors international symposia and educational outreach projects. IEER was established in 1987 and is based in Takoma Park, Maryland.
Arjun Makhijani is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research.
# Institute for Environmental Security

The Institute for Environmental Security (IES) is an international non-profit non-governmental organisation established in 2002 in The Hague, Netherlands, with representatives in Brussels, London, Beirut, California, New York City, Toronto and Washington, D.C. The "knowledge and action network" was set up to increase political attention to environmental security as a means to help prevent conflict, instability and unrest.
In 2012 the Peace Palace Library and the Institute for Environmental Security began compiling a research database on the Law of Ecocide.
# Elemetal

Elemetal is a Dallas, Texas-based corporation with many subsidiaries which smelt, refine and trade gold.

## History

Walter Luhrman founded a precious metals refinery in Jackson, Ohio under the name Jackson Precious Metals in 1974. It would run into financial difficulties in the 1990s and he would sell it to Alan Stockmeister, a Jackson native who own owned many local area businesses, including the local newspaper. Stockmeister would rename the precious metals refinery, Ohio Precious Metals. Stockmeister said success would not be defined in terms of dollars and profits, but in terms of creating jobs for the Appalachia Ohio region.
In April 2012 Ohio Precious Metals LLC ("OPM") entered into an agreement with NTR Metals to acquire the assets and use of the name NTR Metals. In 2015, Bill LeRoy, the president of Ohio Precious Metals was named the company's CEO and the company changed its name to Elemetal.
In March 2017, Juan P. Granda a former employee of NTR Metals, Miami was charged with buying gold from illegal mines in Peru. In January 2018; Samer H. Barrage, Renato J. Rodriguez, and Juan P. Granda; three former employees of the now-defunct Florida-based NTR Metals Miami, were jailed for six years after they pleaded guilty to money-laundering. Elemetal was not charged in the case against the three rogue gold traders.
In March 2018, Elemetal pleaded guilty in the Southern District of Florida to "failure to maintain an adequate anti-money laundering program", a violation of the Bank Secrecy Act. Elemetal was fined $15 million.
In April 2019, Republic Metals Corporation "executed a non-prosecution agreement" with the USDA in the ongoing Operation Arch Stanton investigation which had ensnared the three former employees of the now-defunct NTR Metals Miami.

## Subsidiaries

* NTR Metals Miami LLC
* Elemetal Direct LLC, an online bullion dealer
* Elemetal Capital, a market maker in bullion
* Elemetal Recycling
* Elemetal Refining LLC, an Ohio-based good delivery merchant
# Thomas Robertson (minister)

Thomas Robertson FRSE (c.1745–15 November 1799) was an 18th-century Scottish minister and historian who co-founded the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1783.

## Life

He studied divinity at the University of Edinburgh and was licensed to preach by the Church of Scotland in 1775, marrying Jane Jackson in the same year. He was minister first in Lauder then in Dalmeny.
He died in Dalmeny on 15 November 1799.

## Publications

* The History of Mary Queen of Scots (1795)
# Joan Bracey

Joan Bracey born Joan Phillips (c.1656 – maybe 15 April 1685) was an English highwaywoman described in a book in 1715. All the stories of her life seem to come from this one source and no supporting evidence of her existence has been found.

## Life

Bracey's family were well off and Northamptonshire farmers and their family name was Phillips. Facts are few, but it is said that she met Edward Bracey when she was 24. He was already a criminal and he had hoped to gain money by marrying her. The marriage never took place, but they robbed her father, and they became partners. They committed highway robberies together which was a capital crime.
They made enough money to open an inn at Bristol, and she was known for swindling men who thought they were in for a night of passion. The inn became notorious, and they returned to their previous occupation.
In 1685, she was caught while they were conducting a robbery. Edward got away, but Joan was put on trial and sentenced to be hanged. One source says that she died on 15 April outside Nottingham. All the stories of her life seem to come from one source and no supporting evidence has been found.
# Homozeugos

Homozeugos is a genus of African plants in the grass family.

## Species

* Homozeugos conciliatum Guala - Angola
* Homozeugos eylesii C.E.Hubb. - Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi
* Homozeugos fragile Stapf - Angola
* Homozeugos gossweileri Stapf - Angola
* Homozeugos huillense (Rendle) Stapf - Angola
* Homozeugos katakton Clayton - Angola, Zambia
# Megachile mcnamarae

Megachile mcnamarae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae.
# John Erritt

Michael John Mackey Erritt, CB (15 February 1931, Belfast - 3 October 2002, Lindfield, Sussex) was the Deputy Director of the British Government Statistical Service.

## Education

* St Andrew's College, Dublin
* Prince of Wales School, Nairobi
* Queen's University, Belfast (BSc (Econ)).

## Career

* Research Officer, Science and Industry Committee, 1953
* Assistant Statistician, Central Statistical Office, 1955
* Statistician: Board of Trade, 1960; H.M. Treasury, 1964; Board of Trade, 1967
* Chief Statistician: Inland Revenue, 1968; Central Statistical Office, 1973; Departments of Industry, Trade and Prices and Consumer Protection, 1975; Ministry of Defence, 1979
* Assistant Under-Secretary of State and Director of Statistics, Ministry of Defence, 1981
* Assistant Director, Central Statistical Office, 1985-1991; Deputy Director, Government Statistical Service, 1989-1991.
He moved from the MoD back to the CSO because Michael Heseltine ordered a reduction in the number of statisticians in the MoD and his post was downgraded.
# Dixie, Whitley County, Kentucky

Dixie (also Polly Town) is an unincorporated community in Whitley County, Kentucky, United States.
# Logic game

Logic game may refer to:
* Logic puzzle, including Sudoku, Futoshiki, Kakuro, etc.
* Logic games, a section of the LSAT
* a game-theoretical device for defining the semantics of a logic; see game semantics
* a logic-based game; a video game programmed using transistor–transistor logic
# Perla Santos-Ocampo

Perla Dizon Santos Ocampo, MD ONS was a Filipina pediatrician.

## Early life and education

Perla Santos-Ocampo was born in Dagupan, Pangasinan on July 25, 1931. She pursued a medical degree at the University of the Philippines Manila and graduated in 1955. She also pursued post-graduate pediatrics training at the UP-Philippine General Hospital, and a fellowship at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States.

## Career

The policy of the Philippine Department of Health on diarrhea-related health concerns was based on Santos-Ocampo's research on diarrheal disease. Her research on the relation of malnutrition and child growth and development was instrumental to the country's fight against child malnutrition.
Santos-Ocampo also served as the Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Manila where she was noted for developing academic programs to increase the quality of health education offered by the university. She was also instrumental to the establishment of the National Institutes of Health, the National Graduate School of the Health Sciences, and the National Telehealth Center.
Santos-Ocampo was honored as a National Scientist of the Philippines on 2011.

## Death

Perla Santos-Ocampo died on June 29, 2012. She died of respiratory failure due to colon cancer.
# Dissociative Experiences Scale

The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is a psychological self-assessment questionnaire that measures dissociative symptoms.

## Background

It contains twenty-eight questions and returns an overall score as well as four sub-scale results.
DES is intended to be a screening test, since only 17% of patients with scores over 30 will be diagnosed with having dissociative identity disorder. Patients with lower scores above normal may have other post-traumatic conditions.
The DES-II contains the same questions but with a different response scale.
# Dissingia leucomelaena

Dissingia leucomelaena, commonly known as the white-footed elf cup, is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae of the order Pezizales. As its common name implies, it is characterized by the white coloring of its stem.

## Description

The deeply cup-shaped cap of the fruiting body is up to 3 centimetres (1+1⁄8 in) broad. The outer surface of the cap is blackish-brown near the top, with the color turning to white as it near the stem; the inner surface of the cup is blackish. The stem can be up to 4 cm (1+5⁄8 in) long by 0.5 cm (1⁄4 in) thick, with ribs or folds extending onto the undersurface of the cap.
Helvella acetabulum is a similar species, with more defined ribs.

## Distribution

In North America, this fungus is rare, but it has been collected in California, Alaska, and the Rocky Mountains. It has also been found in South America and Europe. It typically grows in coniferous forests, and the white stipe may be hidden or obscured by leaves or may be partially buried in the soil. It can be found from spring to early summer.

## Edibility

Consumption of this fungus is not recommended as similar species in the family Helvellaceae contain the toxin gyromitrin.
# Per Monsen

Per Monsen (4 May 1913 – 26 August 1985) was a Norwegian editor. He was an editor in Arbeiderbladet from 1952 to 1964 and 1968 to 1970, director of the International Press Institute from 1964 to 1968 and editor-in-chief of the Norwegian News Agency from 1970 to 1980.

## Personal life

He was born in Hamar as a son of politician Fredrik Monsen (1878–1954) and teacher Aasta Ingerø Hansen (1884–1962). He was a brother of Randi Monsen, and through another sister he was a brother-in-law of Halvard Lange. He was also an uncle of Even Lange. Himself, he was first married to Olav Scheflo's daughter Beret Scheflo (1917–1981) from 1941 to 1950. He was then married to Poppi Tichauer Krogvig from 1952.

## Career

He finished his secondary education in 1932, and then began a journalist career. He started out in the newspaper Sørlandet under editor-in-chief Olav Scheflo, his future father-in-law. Monsen was a correspondent in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. Monsen then worked in Bergens Arbeiderblad from 1937 to 1939, and in the labour movement's main newspaper Arbeiderbladet from 1939 to 1941.
In 1940 the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany had begun, and Monsen was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement. He was imprisoned in Møllergata 19 from 1 December 1940 to 19 May 1941. After his release he fled to Sweden, where he worked in the information service for Norwegian authorities-in-exile. From 1943 to 1945 he worked out of London, where the government-in-exile was seated.
He returned to Arbeiderbladet in 1945. He served as acting press attaché for Norway in Berlin from 1948 to 1949, but returned to Arbeiderbladet again. In 1952 he was promoted to editor. He remained here until 1970, except for a period from 1964 to 1968 when he was the director of the International Press Institute in Zurich. From 1970 to 1980 he was the editor-in-chief of the Norwegian News Agency. He also chaired the Norwegian Press Association from 1954 to 1958.
In the Labour Party, to which the newspaper Arbeiderbladet belonged, Monsen was known as a "hardliner" in foreign and security policy. His brother-in-law Halvard Lange served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1945 to 1965, and was a proponent for a pro-American policy in the Cold War. Monsen also supported anti-communists like Haakon Lie. In 1963 the Labour Party was about to elect a new editor-in-chief of Arbeiderbladet. The editor who was about to step down, Olav Larssen, wanted Monsen. Larssen had also worked with Per Monsen's father in Demokraten from 1913 to 1916. On the other hand, Einar Gerhardsen was against the election of Monsen as editor-in-chief of Arbeiderbladet in 1963, and Monsen was not elected.
# Djida Tazdaït

Djida Tazdaït (born 8 April 1957 in Timri Tala-Tazert, French Algeria) is a French activist who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 to 1994.
At the age of 7 she arrived with her family in a Lyon's banlieue slum.
In 1983 she took part into the March for Equality and against Racism, and in 1985 she was one of the founders of the association Young Arabs of Lyon and Suburbs (Jeunes Arabes de Lyon et banlieue).
In 1989 she was an independent candidate on the French Greens list for the European Parliament election, first French MEP with roots in Algeria, alongside Nora Zaïdi, a SOS Racisme activist chosen by the French Socialist Party. Both had never been members of any political party nor had been candidate to any election before. She didn't respect the tourniquet rule by which Green MEPs resigned after mid-term to enable other candidates to seat. In 1994 she was no longer candidate for the European elections. In 1995 she was candidate on a Greens list for the municipal elections in Vénissieux.
Since 2003 she is a member of the centre-right French Radical Party, then an associate party of Nicolas Sarkozy's Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). She was candidate for the municipal and cantonal elections in March 2008 but didn't get elected. She was candidate in Lyon for the June 2012 French Parliamentary elections and got 0.5% of the votes. In March 2014 she was elected to the municipal council of Lyon on the UMP list (opposition).
# Djidian

Djidian is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Kita in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The commune includes 14 villages and in the 2009 census had a population of 18,702.
# Perico (food)

In Colombian and Venezuelan cuisine, perico is a dish prepared with scrambled eggs, butter, sautéed diced onions, bell pepper, and tomatoes. Scallions are a frequent substitution or addition to the onions, especially in Colombia. Huevos pericos may also include chopped cilantro greens, annatto for coloring, and occasionally hot peppers. It can be regarded as a tropical version of scrambled eggs and can be eaten alone, with bread, usually at breakfast time; or at any time, as an arepa filling.
The name comes from the bright colors of the scallions, tomato, peppers and eggs, mimicking the colors of a parrot (perico).
# Perth (Parliament of Scotland constituency)

Perth was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.
After the Acts of Union 1707, Perth, Cupar, Dundee, Forfar and St Andrews formed the Perth district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

## List of burgh commissioners

* 1661–63: John Paterson of Benchillis
* 1665 convention, 1667 convention, 1669–74: Patrick Threipland of Fingask, merchant, provost
* 1678 convention: Patrick Hay, merchant, provost
* 1681–82, 1685–86: John Glass, provost
* 1689 convention, 1689–1701: Robert Smith, former baillie
* 1702–07: Alexander Robertson of Craig
# Perth (film)

Perth: The Geylang Massacre is a 2004 Singaporean drama film written and directed by Djinn (the pseudonym of Ong Lay Jinn). It stars Lim Kay Tong as Harry Lee, a part-time security guard and taxicab driver in Singapore. He is a self-described "simple man" whose life becomes complicated when he finds work as a driver for an escort service. Its title refers to the Australian city, which is where he dreams of retiring and considers a paradise.

## Reception

Todd Konrad of the Independent Film Quarterly:
   Upon first viewing, the film bears more than a striking resemblance to Taxi Driver in both story and tone. Its themes of loneliness and redemption through violence shine through brightly. However, upon further examination both works begin to diverge. Harry, unlike Travis Bickle, is an individual nearing the end of the line both spiritually and physically as he watches the world move without him. Lim plays Harry with a world-weary resolve that is both calming and all the more disturbing when he lashes out in quick, violent bursts of aggression.
Brian Holcomb of 'Pop Matters' :
   While it has been compared to Martin Scorsese’s 1976 classic, Taxi Driver, Perth is really quite different. It’s clear that Djinn knows that he is making a similar story and he plays a subtle game with his predecessor the way Stephen King played with the template of Bram Stoker’s “Dracula” in his novel, Salem's Lot. But the key difference is that Travis Bickle was a cipher living only in the present, while Harry Lee is a man defined by his past.

## Cast

* Lim Kay Tong as Harry Lee
* A. Panneeirchelvam as Selvam
* Sunny Pang as Angry Boy Lee
* Ivy Cheng as Mai
# Loewia (fly)

Loewia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Loewia adjuncta Herting, 1971
* Loewia alpestris (Villeneuve, 1920)
* Loewia aragvicola Richter, 1972
* Loewia brevifrons (Rondani, 1856)
* Loewia crassipes (Mesnil, 1953)
* Loewia cretica Ziegler, 1996
* Loewia foeda (Meigen, 1824)
* Loewia latifrons Mesnil, 1973
* Loewia montivaga Richter, 1998
* Loewia nudigena Mesnil, 1973
* Loewia papei Cerretti, Lo Giudice & O'Hara, 2014
* Loewia phaeoptera (Meigen, 1824)
* Loewia piliceps Mesnil, 1973
* Loewia piligena Mesnil, 1973
* Loewia rondanii (Villeneuve, 1919)
* Loewia setibarba Egger, 1856
* Loewia submetallica (Macquart, 1855)