OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonas Charles Hermann Freund

Jonas Charles Hermann Freund (1808 – 29 December 1879) was an Austrian-British physician, known as the co-founder of the German Hospital in London.

## Career

Born to a Jewish family in Bohemia, Freund received a medical degree at the University of Vienna. In London in 1843 he was a co-founder of London's German Hospital, which opened in October 1845. He was Physician in Charge of the hospital until about 1850. The evidence suggests that he was Karl Marx's doctor. Freund was Deputy Inspector-General of Army Hospitals in the Crimean war and an army surgeon.

## Family

In London in 1846 he married Prussian-born Louise Amalie Rüdiger, who became a prominent editor and author under the pseudonym "Amelia Lewis". She was an inventor and a campaigner for women's rights. Their son John Christian Freund became a prominent editor and publisher.
# Jojo Addiction

The Jojo Addiction is a Czech single-place paraglider designed and produced by Jojo Wings of Roudnice nad Labem that is out of production.

## Design and development

The Addiction was designed as an advanced performance glider. The models are each named for their relative size.

## Operational history

Reviewer Noel Bertrand cited a very low price for the Addiction in a 2003 review, saying "the prices are very interesting".

## Variants
### Addiction S

    Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its 12.6 m (41.3 ft) span wing has a wing area of 27 m$^2$ (290 sq ft), 63 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.8:1. The pilot weight range is 60 to 70 kg (132 to 154 lb). The glider model is AFNOR Performance certified.

### Addiction M

    Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 13 m (42.7 ft) span wing has a wing area of 29 m$^2$ (310 sq ft), 63 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.8:1. The pilot weight range is 70 to 85 kg (154 to 187 lb). The glider model is AFNOR Performance certified.

## Specifications (Addiction M)

Data from Bertrand
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 13 m (42 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 29 m$^2$ (310 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 5.8:1
# Mike Loan

William Joseph "Mike" Loan (September 27, 1894 – November 12, 1966) was a Major League Baseball player for the Philadelphia Phillies. He was officially listed as standing 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) and weighing 185 pounds (84 kg).

## Early life

Mike Loan was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 27, 1894. He was a student-athlete at Villanova University, 1 of 49 from the school to play in Major League Baseball.

## Baseball career

Loan got a "cup of coffee" with the Philadelphia Phillies in September 1912, appearing in a single game. He was the National League's second-youngest player that season, behind Frank O'Rourke of the Boston Braves. He was one of six players to appear at catcher for the Phillies in 1912, posting a 1.000 fielding percentage behind the plate. Appearing in the majors for the only time at age 17, he played against the St. Louis Cardinals, recording one hit, a single, in two at-bats, for a career batting average of .500. He also scored a run in his only game.
Loan later appeared in the minors, a member of the Eastern League's Bridgeport Americans. In 1919, he batted .149 with 11 hits in 74 at-bats over 28 games. Two of his hits went for extra bases: one double and one triple. He slugged .189 and collected 14 total bases. In the field, he had the Americans' second-most appearances at catcher (Bill Skiff) and made 84 putouts, 24 assists and 1 error, amassing a .991 fielding percentage.

## After baseball

Loan died on November 12, 1966, in Springfield, Pennsylvania, at the age of 72. He was interred at Saints Peter & Paul Cemetery in Springfield.
# Jornal do Commercio

Jornal do Commercio was a newspaper published in Rio de Janeiro. It was founded in 1827 by French journalist Pierre Plancher. It was the oldest newspaper in circulation in South America, until the last publication on 29 April 2016, when it ceased operations.
# Jonathan Drezner

Jonathan A. Drezner is an American sport and exercise medicine physician, currently editor in chief of the British Journal of Sports Medicine. In both clinical practice and research he has a strong interest in sports cardiology. He is a first author for the International Guidelines for Electrocardiography (ECG) Interpretation in athletes and was the 19th President of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) in 2012.

## Sports cardiology

Drezner is a world leader in the emerging subspecialty of Sports cardiology. Within the United States, he is a strong advocate for inclusion of ECG/EKG screening in the preparticipation examination of athletes, as ECG screening has far superior sensitivity and specificity than physical examination. Routine ECG screening has been performed in Italian athletes for many years in the general population and has strong acceptance in Europe. As ECG screening became more routine in elite and professional athletes, experts from around the world tried to set criteria for normal athlete ECG appearances that minimized false positive and false negative cases. The Seattle criteria were led by Drezner and reported reductions in false positives compared to the previous criteria in use.

### International guidelines for ECG interpretation in athletes

Drezner as the first author of the Seattle criteria and Sanjay Sharma representing European experts became co-first authors of new International Guidelines for ECG interpretation in athletes, co-published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of the American College of Cardiology and European Heart Journal in 2017 and 2018.
These new International guidelines have quickly become the universal gold standard in interpretation of the athletic ECG. Drezner and the University of Washington have developed educational resources for physicians to improve their ability to follow the criteria to accurately interpret athletic ECGs, including with the British Medical Journal and Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians.

## Research

He has published over 200 works with over 11,000 citations and with an H-index of 51. Key themes include electrocardiography interpretation in athletes, concussion and prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, especially with the use of Automated external defibrillators.
He was appointed in 2021 as the Editor-in-Chief for the British Journal of Sports Medicine, generally considered the world's leading Sports Medicine journal by Impact Factor. It had a 2019 impact factor of 12.680.

## Team physician work

He is Team Physician for the Seattle Seahawks, and participated in the 2014 Super Bowl. He is also a long-standing team physician for the Washington Huskies and the Head physician for the US Women's soccer team.
# Jonathan Drummond-Webb

Jonathan Drummond-Webb (29 August 1959 – 26 December 2004) was a South African pediatric heart surgeon.
He gained national attention by way of a TV series produced by ABC News called ICU: Arkansas Children's Hospital, which showcased complicated operations during the summer of 2002. Late in 2004, he led a team that successfully kept a child alive with a newly developed heart pump until a heart transplant could be performed. The child, Travis Marcus, was able to go home in time for Christmas with a gift and a hug from Drummond-Webb.
Drummond-Webb was born in Johannesburg, South Africa and graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand in 1982. He completed an internship and two residencies there. He and his wife Lorraine De Blanche (also a doctor) came to the U.S. in 1993 so he could do a surgical fellowship at the University of Utah. Two years later, he went on to another fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic. There, he became the surgical director of pediatric cardiac and lung transplantation. In 2001, he was named chief of pediatric and congenital cardiac surgery at the Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock, Arkansas. He held that post at the time of his death.
Hospital spokesman Tom Bonner said the surgeon was a competitive marathoner and triathlete who loved scuba diving. Drummond-Webb also was a champion of Arkansas, appearing in commercials promoting the state to businesses.
Drummond-Webb committed suicide by taking an overdose of oxycodone, a pain medication. His wife found his body with a note. According to the Arkansas Children's Hospital, friends believed he suffered from a sudden bout of depression. His suicide note indicated professional frustration may have been a factor in his death.
# Mike Todd Jr.

Michael Henry Todd Jr. (October 8, 1929 – May 5, 2002) was an American film producer. He was involved in innovations such as the movie format Smell-o-vision, and the production of a racially-integrated minstrel show for the 1964 World's Fair.

## Early life

Todd was born to movie producer and cinema pioneer Mike Todd and his first wife, Bertha Freshman Todd. He was also a stepson of Elizabeth Taylor even though he was older than his famous stepmother through his father's third marriage.

## Career

Todd was vice president of his father's company, Cinerama, and was responsible for filming the famous roller-coaster scene from the company's debut film, This is Cinerama (1952). He is also known for introducing the short-lived movie format Smell-o-vision, used in the 1960 film Scent of Mystery, which he produced. It was re-released as Holiday in Spain without smells.
Following in his father's footsteps of producing attractions for World's Fairs, Todd Jr. produced a racially integrated minstrel show for the 1964 New York World's Fair, called "America, Be Seated". It closed after two performances.

## Personal life and death

Todd was first married [1953–1972] to Sarah Jane Weaver, and they had six children: Cyrus, Susan, Sarah, Eliza Haselton, Daniel, and Oliver Todd. Later, then married [1972–2002] to Susan McCarthy, Todd had two more children: Del and James.
In 1983, Todd and his wife Susan McCarthy wrote a biography of Todd Sr. called A Valuable Property: The Life Story of Michael Todd. (ISBN 0-87795-491-7)
On May 5, 2002, Michael Todd died in Ireland of lung cancer, at the age of 72, with all of his children and his second wife surviving him.
# Mike Oquist

Michael Lee Oquist (born May 30, 1968) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1993-1999. He played for the Baltimore Orioles, San Diego Padres, and Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB).

## Career

Oquist played collegiate baseball at the University of Arkansas prior to turning professional.
On August 3, 1998, Oquist gave up 14 earned runs to the New York Yankees. Oquist allowed 14 runs on 16 hits, with the most being in the 2nd inning (7). He struck out three batters while walking three and allowing four home runs on 115 pitches. The four relievers that closed the game out for the Athletics allowed a combined total of one hit, one walk, and four strikeouts. Conversely, Orlando Hernandez, the pitcher for the Yankees, pitched a complete game while allowing a run on three hits with eight strikeouts. He threw 123 pitches while Oquist (five days removed from his previous pitching appearance) threw 115. His final game score was a -21, while his ERA ballooned from 5.87 to 6.61.
# Internet in a Box (disambiguation)

Internet-in-a-Box is a low-cost digital library, consisting of a wireless access point with storage, which users nearby can connect to.
Internet in a Box may also refer to:
* IBox, an Internet connection software packages
* Internet in a Suitcase, an open-source wireless mesh network for electronic communication
# Josef Grünbeck

Josef Grünbeck (17 September 1925 – 15 October 2012) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

1978 to 1982 and in 1990/91 member of the Bavarian State Parliament and in 1990/91 Chairman of the FDP parliamentary group. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1983 to 1994.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Mike Doughty (co-driver)

Mike Doughty (born December 1, 1936) is a former Kenyan rally co-driver.He is best known for competing with Shekhar Mehta in the 1970s.
# Jonathan Pyne House

The Jonathan Pyne House, formerly the Richard Stites Jr. House, is located in Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1694 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 1997.
# Investir

Investir was a monthly business magazine published in Paris between 1974 and 2011. The magazine merged with Le Journal des Finances to create a new weekly, Investir-Le Journal des Finances in late January 2011.

## History and profile

Investir was established in 1974. Its first issue was released on 28 January 1974 with Gérard Vidalenche as publication director. It was relaunched in 1988. The magazine had been published by Hachette Filipacchi until 2001 when it began to be published Quebecor World Inc. Its headquarters was in Paris.
It provided in-depth analyses and practical tips for managing the assets to its readers and audience, including major companies in the country. The magazine founded Actionnaira which was a personal investment trade show and organized numerous trade-related events and activities.
Jacques Derouin was among the editors-in-chief of Investir who left the post in August 2005. He also held the same post for Investir Hebdo, a weekly sister magazine of Investir. On 5 February 2011 Investir merged with another business magazine, Journal des Finances, to form Investir-Le Journal des Finances. The new magazine is part of Les Echos-Le Parisien Group, the media and publishing subsidiary of LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton.

## Circulation

The circulation of Investir was 108,000 copies in 1994. In 1997 the magazine sold 100,000 copies. Its circulation became 190,000 copies in 1999. At the beginning of the 2000s Investir was one of three leading business magazines in France with higher circulation than the others.
During the period of 2007-2008 the circulation of Investir was 98,000 copies.
# Milena Usenik

Milena Usenik (9 September 1934 – 31 March 2023) was a Slovenian athlete and artist. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics, representing Yugoslavia.
# Iquiracetima cerari

Iquiracetima cerari is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2008. It is known from Brazil.
# Iquiracetima rana

Iquiracetima rana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2008. This beetle is native to Bolivia.
# Irene Manton Prize

The Irene Manton Prize of the Linnean Society of London is awarded annually for the "best thesis in botany examined for a doctorate of philosophy during a single academic year" in the United Kingdom.
The prize is named in honour of Irene Manton FRS, the first female president of the Linnean Society of London. She pioneered the biological use of electron microscopy. Her work revealed the structure of the flagellum and cilia, which are central to many systems of cellular motility.

## Recipients of the Irene Manton Prize

* Tin Hang Hung (2024) University of Oxford; Ecological genomics and adaptation of rosewoods Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D. oliveri for conservation and restoration
* Brogan Harris (2023) University of Bristol; A phylogenetic investigation into the evolutionary history of stomata and land plants
* Bruno Pok Man Ngou (2022) University of East Anglia & The Sainsbury Laboratory; Roles and mechanisms of effector-triggered immunity in plant disease resistance
* Sophie Harrington (2021) University of East Anglia; Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating senescence in wheat
* James Clark (2020) University of Bristol; Whole genome duplication and the evolution of the land plant body plan
* Leanne Melbourne (2019) University of Bristol; The effect of environmental change on the structure, composition and subsequently the structural integrity of un-attached corallines
* Sandy Hetherington (2018) University of Oxford; Evolution and morphology of lycophyte root systems
* Shanna Ludwig (2015) University of Bristol; Ecological and evolutionary genetics, focusing on reproductive biology and speciation in diploid and polyploid Sorbus populations
* Simon Renny-Byfield (2014) Queen Mary, University of London; Evolution of repetitive DNA in angiosperms: Examples from Nicotiana
* Janine Pendleton (2013) University of Sheffield; Carboniferous plants and spores from the Bristol Coalfield
* Alexander S T Papadopulos (2012) Imperial College London
* Tiina Sarkinen (2011)
* Christopher Thorogood (2010) University of Bristol
* Chris Yesson (2009)
* James Clarkson and Silvia Pressel (2008)
* Lionel Navarro (2007) University of East Anglia; Plant innate immunity and bacterial pathogenesis
* Yuki Yasumura (2006) University of Oxford
* Alex Wortley (2005)
* Mark Clegg (2003)
* Julie King (2002)
* Alison Gwen Roberts (2001)
* James Edward Richardson (2000)
* Melissa Spielman (1999)
* Alexander Weir (1998)
* Colin Edward Hughes (1997)
* Dorothy Steane (1996)
* Sally Glockling (1995)
* William Justin Goodrich (1993)
* Sharon Anita Robinson and Robert Winning Scotland (1992)
* not awarded (1991)
* Christine Masterson (1990)
# Irene Marcuse

Irene Marcuse was an American author of mystery novels. She was a finalist for the Agatha Award in 2000. She died March 8, 2021.
Marcuse held a BA in Literature and Creative Writing and a Master of Social Work from Columbia University. She was the granddaughter of social philosopher Herbert Marcuse and daughter of his only child Peter Marcuse.

## Books

Marcuse's Anita Servi series includes:
* The Death of an Amiable Child (2000)
* Guilty Mind (2001)
* Consider the Alternative (2002)
* Under the Manhattan Bridge (2004)
Her book Under the Manhattan Bridge is set in October 2001, in a city still coping with the impact of 9/11. According to a review in The New York Times of post-9/11 mystery novels, it features "garbage trucks used as barricades and surreally polite New Yorkers."
# Millais baronets

The Millais Baronetcy, of Palace Gate in Kensington in the County of Middlesex and of St Ouen in Jersey, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 July 1885 for the painter and illustrator John Everett Millais. He was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. As of 2014 the title is held by his great-grandson, the sixth Baronet, who succeeded his father in 1992.

## Millais baronets, of Palace Gate and St Quen (1885)

* Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet (1829–1896)
* Sir Everett Millais, 2nd Baronet (1856–1897)
* Sir John Everett Millais, 3rd Baronet (1888–1920)
* Sir Geoffroy William Millais, 4th Baronet (1863–1941)
* Sir Ralph Regnault Millais, 5th Baronet (1905–1992)
* Sir Geoffroy Richard Everett Millais, 6th Baronet (born 1941)
The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is John Frederic Millais b. 1949, cousin of the 6th Baronet.
# Palace of the General Council

The Palace of the General Council (French: Palais du conseil général) is the base of the Departmental Council of Guadeloupe.

## History

It was built by architect Ali Tur in 1935. It was the last building he designed in the archipelago.
On 15 December 1997, the palace was listed as a historic monument.
# Mhlobo Jadezweni

Mhlobo Wabantwana Jadezweni (born 14 June 1954) is a South African academic and author. He has degrees from the University of Fort Hare and Stellenbosch University. He has been attached to the Department of African Languages at Stellenbosch University since 1983, where he teaches Xhosa literature and language, and studies isiXhosa poetry. He has served on various Xhosa language boards since 1984 and is chairperson of the isiXhosa Lexicography Unit at Fort Hare.

## Education and career

Jadezweni was born on 14 June 1954 in Idutywa, Eastern Cape, South Africa. He attended St John's College in Umtata. He obtained a BA at University of Fort Hare and his BA Hons and MA at Stellenbosch University. He completed his teacher's diploma at Cicira Teachers' Training College in 1974 and taught at schools in the Transkei.
In 1983 he joined the Department of African Languages at Stellenbosch University. He was a guest academic at Leipzig University in 1998-99 and at the University of Bayreuth in 2002.

## Memberships and awards

* Pan-South African Language Board award for the promotion of Xhosa language and literature (2011)
* Member of the Stellenbosch University Open Day Committee (1996–present)
* Member of Stellenbosch University's Strategic Planning Committee (1998–present)
* Member of the Marketing Committee of the Faculty of Arts at Stellenbosch University (2001–present)
* He serves on provincial and national language committees and organisations, including the African Language Association of South Africa and the Southern African Folklore Society.

## Works

Jadezweni is the author of a multi-lingual children's book called uTshepo Mde: Tall Enough. The book is written in Xhosa and English and has been published in several bi-lingual editions, including Afrikaans, Swedish and Portuguese. The book was nominated as a South African honorary book by International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY).
He is the author of several publications on Xhosa poets and writers and has translated stories for the chapter Xhosa Skrywers (Xhosa Authors) in the Afrikaans book Ensiklopedie van die Wêreld (Encyclopedia of the World).
Jadeweni wrote or contributed to the following books:
* IsiXhosa Esitsha (New Xhosa) (1986)
* Isahluko sokugqibela (The Last Chapter) (2000)
* The rights of a child (2004)

## Personal life

Jadezweni is married to Nokuzola Jadezweni, a school teacher in Khayelitsha. They have three children.
# Hefner lamp

The Hefner lamp, or in German Hefnerkerze, is a flame lamp used in photometry that burns amyl acetate.
The lamp was invented by Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck in 1884 and he proposed its use as a standard flame for photometric purposes with a luminous intensity unit of the Hefnerkerze (HK). The lamp was specified as having a 40 mm flame height and an 8 mm diameter wick.
The Hefner lamp provided the German, Austrian, and Scandinavian standard for luminosity during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The unit of light intensity was defined as that produced by the lamp burning amyl acetate with a 40 mm flame height. The light unit was adopted by the German gas industry in 1890 and known as the Hefnereinheit. In 1897 it was also adopted by the Association of German Electrical Engineers under the name Hefnerkerze (HK).
Germany moved to using the new candle (NC) from 1 July 1942 and the candela (cd) from 1948.
    1 Hefnerkerze is about 0.920 candelas.