OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leipoxais

Leipoxais is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by William Jacob Holland in 1893.

## Species

Based on Afromoths:
* Leipoxais acharis Hering, 1928
* Leipoxais adoxa Hering, 1928
* Leipoxais batesi Bethune-Baker, 1927
* Leipoxais compsotes Tams, 1937
* Leipoxais directa (Walker, 1865)
* Leipoxais dives Aurivillius, 1915
* Leipoxais dolichoprygma Tams, 1931
* Leipoxais emarginata Aurivillius, 1911
* Leipoxais fuscofasciata Aurivillius, 1909
* Leipoxais haematidea (Snellen, 1872)
* Leipoxais humfreyi Aurivillius, 1915
* Leipoxais ituria Bethune-Baker, 1909
* Leipoxais lipophemisma Tams, 1929
* Leipoxais major Holland, 1893
* Leipoxais makomona Strand, 1912
* Leipoxais manica Hering, 1928
* Leipoxais marginepunctata Holland, 1893
* Leipoxais miara Hering, 1928
* Leipoxais obscura Aurivillius, 1909
* Leipoxais peraffinis Holland, 1893
* Leipoxais proboscidea (Guérin-Méneville, 1832)
* Leipoxais proboscifera Strand, 1912
* Leipoxais regularis Strand, 1912
* Leipoxais roxana (Fawcett, 1915)
* Leipoxais rufobrunnea Strand, 1912
* Leipoxais siccifolia Aurivillius, 1902
* Leipoxais strandi Aurivillius, 1927
* Leipoxais tamsi Fletcher D. S., 1968
* Leipoxais tolmera Tams, 1929
# Guling, Guangxi

Guling (Chinese: 古零) is a town of Mashan County, Guangxi, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 13 villages under its administration.
# Frank Seator

Frank Jean Seator (24 October 1975 – 12 February 2013) was a Liberian professional footballer who played as a striker. He spent most of his football career in Asia.

## Club career

Seator joined Tunisian club Espérance in 2002. He also played for clubs in Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Hungary and Sweden. In 2005, Seator played with Perak FA in Malaysia, and became a popular player with the fans (whom nicknamed him "Booker T", after the WWE wrestler). He scored 64 goals in all competition within only two and a half seasons. He also played for Indonesian side Persis Solo.

## International career

Seator was a long-time member of the Liberia national team. He was a member of the 2002 African Cup of Nations Liberia squad. He was also part of the Liberian squad qualifying for the 2008 African Cup of Nations.

## Death

Seator died on 12 February 2013 at the Firestone Medical Hospital in Harbel, Liberia.
# Frank Laing

Frank Laing (born Francis James Laing; 1862–1907) was a Scottish painter and etcher. He is best known for his watercolours and etchings of European landscapes and architectural subjects. Born in Tayport, Fife, Laing lived and worked throughout Europe, producing a portfolio of notable work from Spain, Paris, Chartres, Antwerp and Venice before returning to Scotland.
An elected Associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, his etchings were commended by noted American artist and etcher, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, who he was a follower of. He exhibited widely, including at the Royal Academy (RA), Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) and the Paris Salon. In 1900 he won a jury commendation at the Paris Exposition Universelle.
While most of his work is held in private collections, there are examples to be found in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, Dundee Art Galleries and Museums Collection, the Aberdeen Art Gallery, and the University of Dundee’s Fine Art collection.
Along with Alec Grieve, Laing founded the Tayport Artists’ Circle in 1905. Its other members included noted Scottish painters David Foggie, Stewart Carmichael and James Douglas. Laing was active in promoting the cause of local Scottish artists and arts groups before dying at the relatively young age of 45.
# Gum copal

Gum copal is a resin produced by the sap of forest tree in the genus Daniellia. Due to common impurities and differences in regions, gum copal ranges in color from black to yellow to white. Gum copal, along with ivory and slaves, was a significant export from East Africa in the 19th century. It can have an appearance similar to amber and may be mistaken for it. Unlike amber, gum copal is usually only 100–1,000 years old and it has not yet fossilized.

## Source locations

Gum copal is most commonly found in East Africa and Indonesia, and is also found in tropical regions such as South America, Malaysia and the Philippines.

## Comparison to amber

Throughout history, amber and gum copal have been mistaken for each other, as it is extremely difficult to discern between the two. A drop test using an alcohol or other solvent will leave amber unaffected, while copal's surface will become sticky. A heat test can also be used as amber will soften and blacken its surface and copal will begin to melt.
Another difference between the two lies in what specimens are inside the material. As both amber and gum copal are produced from tree sap hardening, insects and other organisms can be trapped inside (an idea which provided the basis for DNA extraction in Jurassic Park). Depending on whether this organism can still be found alive in the present or recent past can give reference to the age and identification of the sample.
Gum copal is sold primarily in two forms. The first is as powder, which is usually mixed with turpentine to make varnish. The other is as natural "rocks" which can be used in many different ways.

### Commercial grades

Prime white soft (PWS) is the highest grade of gum copal. It is white in color and 99–100% purity. It is used for making varnish for wood surfaces and it dries to a hard and shiny film. Such varnish is high-luster and resistant to external scratches.
DBB grade is pebble-sized and whitish yellow in color with about 90–95% purity. This is an economy grade, ideal for production of low-end varnishes. Its solubility is good. It can contain some black copal, but it is still easily dissolved in alcohol solvent mixtures. It is the most common grade for use in incense.
White soft (WS) is the lowest grade of gum copal, larger chunks, black in color with about 60% purity. The impurities include tree bark and soil.
The powder leftover from the processing of PWS and DBB is usually used for varnish.
# Gus Edwards

Gus Edwards may refer to:
* Gus Edwards (vaudevillian) (1878–1945), American songwriter and vaudevillian
* Harold Edwards (RCAF officer) (1892–1952), Royal Canadian Air Force air marshal, also known as Gus Edwards
* Gus Edwards (American football) (born 1995), American football running back
# Fraserosphenodon

Fraserosphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom. It contains a single species, Fraserosphenodon latidens.
# Gumbo, Missouri

Gumbo is an unincorporated community in northwestern St. Francois County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located along Missouri Route 8 between Desloge and Leadwood. The meandering Big River lies to the north.
Gumbo most likely was so named on account of "gombo" dirt near the original town site.
During World War II, a large TNT plant was located five miles west of Gumbo.

## Notable People

* Ferlin Husky, country music singer, member of the Country Music Hall of Fame
* Evelyn Tripp, leading fashion model of the 1950s and 1960s.
* Jeff Eaton, bassist for Split Lip Rayfield.
# Gustav Skram

Johan Christian Gustav Skram (13 July 1802 – 7 April 1865) was a Danish railroad director. He was the father of Danish writer Erik Skram, the second husband of Norwegian writer Amalie Skram.

## Career

Skram was the first managing director of the Railway Company of Zealand, from 1844 to 1856, which ran the first railway in Denmark.

## Personal life

Skram was born Johan Christian Gustav Schram in Copenhagen, the son of Gerhard Christopher Schram and Anne Johanne Christiane Jørgensen. He was married twice, first to silk trader's daughter Johanne Margaretha Klein from 1826 to her death in 1835. In 1837 he married Justice Counsellor's daughter Ida Johanne Hoë (1814–1886). With his second wife he had the son, writer and journalist Asbjørn Oluf Erik Skram (1847–1923), who, from 1884 to 1900, was married to noted Norwegian writer Amalie Skram. His daughter Henriette Skram, a schoolteacher, became principal of N. Zahle's School.
# Gustav Weymer

Gustav Weymer (1833–1914) was a German entomologist. He described many new taxa of butterflies from specimens collected by Alphons Stübel in South America.
His own collections and those he worked on are conserved in Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin and Naturkundemuseum Leipzig.

## Works

* Weymer, G. 1878. Macrolepidopteren der Umgegend von Elberfeld. 53 p.
* Weymer, G. 1885. Exotische Lepidopteren III. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren Fauna von Nias. - Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 46:257-285, pl.1-2
* Weymer, G. and Maassen P. J. 1890. Lepidopteren gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868-1877 von Alphons Stübel. Berlin, A. Asher & Co. [1], xi, 182 pp., 9 pls.
* Maassen & Weymer, G. W. 1869–1885. Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde. - — 1–5:1–10, pls 1–50
* Weymer, G. W. 1892. Exotische Lepidopteren VI. Aus dem Afrikanischen Faunagebiet. - Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 53(4–5):79–125.
* Weymer, G. 1893. Revision der ersten Gruppe der Gattung Heliconius. - Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 06: 281 — 345, pl. 4-5
* Weymer, G. W. 1896. Einige afrikanische Heteroceren. - Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 41(2):79–90.
* Weymer, G. 1902. Zwei neue Tagfalter aus Neuguinea. - Entomologische Zeitschrift 16 (2):5-6
* Weymer, G. W. 1907. Exotische Lepideptoren - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 21:1-54, pl.1-2
* Weymer, G. 1908, Kurze Notizen über die Lepidopterenfauna der Hildener Heide. – Ber. über d. Vers. Botan. und Zoolog. Ver. f. Rheinl.-Westf., S. 34-37, Bonn.
* Weymer, G. W. 1909. Exotische Lepidopteren. - Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 22:1-35.
* Weymer, G. 1912. 4 Familie: Satyridae. In Seitz, A.(ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde,2, Exotische Fauna, 5, Stuttgart, A Kernen
# Fraus crocea

Fraus crocea is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.
The wingspan is about 20 mm for males and about 35 mm for females. Adults are on wing from February to May.
Larvae are associated with Imperata cylindrica and Gahnia species.
# Guthrie Historic District

Guthrie Historic District can refer to: (sorted by state)
* Guthrie Historic District (Guthrie, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Todd County
* Guthrie Historic District (Guthrie, Oklahoma), listed on the NRHP in Logan County
# Fraşerli

Fraşerli may refer to:
* Fraşerli Naim, or Naim Frashëri, Albanian poet and revivalist
* Fraşerli Şemsettin Sami, or Sami Frashëri, Albanian writer, philosopher, playwright and revivalist
* Fraşerli Gani Bey
* Fraşerli Mehdî
# Fraňo Štefunko

Fraňo Štefunko (born 4 August 1903, Dudváh-Vlčkovce, Slovakia (then Austro-Hungary) – died 6 April 1974, Martin, Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia)), was a sculptor, art pedagogue and editor. In 1932 after his studies of art in Prague he moved to Martin. He was the editor of a graphical section of Slovenské pohľady, instructor of a carpentry course of the Activity Cultivation Institute, as well as a conservator with the Slovak National Museum. Štefunko begins with his freelance work two years after coming to Martin and soon becomes one of the founders of Slovak sculpture. In addition to the statues of many important personalities of Slovak history such as Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav or Ján Kollár and tombs of others (Miloslav Schmidt) he also dedicated his time to monuments in the field of Slovak history (historical figures, the World Wars, Slovak National Uprising).
# Guy of Ibelin (died 1304)

Guy of Ibelin (French: Guy d'Ibelin) (1250/1255 – 1304), of the Ibelin family, was count of Jaffa and Ascalon during the latter part of the Crusades. He was the son of John of Ibelin (aka John of Jaffa) and Maria of Barbaron. He was count in name only. His father, John of Jaffa, had died in 1266, after which the fragile truce with the Muslims collapsed, and Jaffa was captured by Baibars in 1268. John was probably succeeded by Guy's older brother James, who held the title of Count of Jaffa until his death in 1276, at which point the title passed to Guy.
In 1299/1300, Guy was able to capture Byblos with a Genoese fleet, but held it only briefly. He also met with the Mongol leader Kutlushah in 1301, in an unsuccessful attempt to coordinate a military attack against the Muslims. In 1302 he and his family were captured by pirates while staying at their ancestral fiefdom in Episcopia, Cyprus.
He died on 14 February 1304 and was buried in Nicosia, Cyprus, in a pauper's grave in accordance with his vows. Guy must have been held in high regard on the island, judging from the turmoil following his death reported by the chronicler Amadi.

## Family

Guy married twice. His second wife was Maria, Lady of Ascalon and Naumachia, daughter of Philip of Ibelin and Simone de Montbeliard. Guy and Maria had five children:
* Philip (born before 1293, died 1315/1316 in Kyrenia), Count of Jaffa
* John (died 1315/1316 in Kyrenia)
* Maria (b. 1294, died before 1318), first wife of the man who later became Hugh IV of Cyprus in 1324
* Hugh (b. 1295/1300, died before 10 May 1349), Count of Jaffa, and then Seneschal of Jerusalem. Second husband of Isabella of Ibelin, widow of Infante don Fernando de Mallorca and daughter of Philip of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus, and his second wife Maria of Giblet.
* Balian (b. 1298/1300), married Joan of Montfort, daughter of Rupen of Montfort
# Gwasg Carreg Gwalch

Gwasg Carreg Gwalch (Welsh pronunciation:) is a publishing company based in Llanrwst, Wales. They specialise in publishing works in the Welsh language, but also publish English-language books of Welsh interest.
The company was founded by Myrddin ap Dafydd in 1980, and was originally based in Capel Garmon. It takes its name from Carreg-y-gwalch ("falcon rock"), a local landmark which also gives it its logo.
Gwasg Carreg Gwalch has published works by writers such as Mererid Hopwood, Meic Stephens, Mike Jenkins and T. Llew Jones.
# François-Xavier Tessier

François-Xavier Tessier (September 15, 1799 – December 24, 1835) was a doctor, publisher, and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born in the town of Quebec in 1799. He studied medicine for several years and was qualified to practice as a surgeon in 1820. At the recommendation of the medical board of examiners, he studied medicine at a university in New York and was qualified as a doctor in 1823. In the same year, he was named apothecary for the Quebec Emigrant Hospital. In 1824, he was named assistant surgeon for the militia. In 1826, he established a bimonthly medical publication, Quebec Medical Journal/Journal de médecine de Québec; it was published until the fall of 1827. He helped found the Quebec Medical Society in 1826 and later served as its president.
Tessier lived in New York City from 1828 to 1830, where he contributed to a local newspaper. In 1830, he returned to Quebec where he was named health officer for the port. Tessier was also named administrator for a new hospital at Pointe-Lévy. He was fired from his posts at Quebec following the cholera epidemic of 1832; this may have been at least partly due to Tessier's politics. In 1831, Tessier was elected to the Quebec boards of medical examiners. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Saguenay in an 1833 by-election held after the death of Joseph-Isidore Bédard; he was reelected in 1834. Tessier supported the parti patriote and voted in support of the Ninety-Two Resolutions. In 1834, he was selected as physician for the Marine and Emigrant Hospital. He had also taught medicine and set up a clinic to vaccinate against smallpox in his home.
He died in office at Quebec City in 1835.
# Gustaf Erik Pasch

Gustaf Erik Pasch (born Berggren) (3 September 1788 – 6 September 1862) was a Swedish inventor and professor of chemistry at Karolinska institute in Stockholm and inventor of the safety match. He was born in Norrköping, the son of a carpenter. He enrolled at Uppsala University in 1806 and graduated with a master's degree in 1821. Pasch is mostly known for the safety match, but he was also involved with making waterproof concrete for the Göta Canal, manufacture of bank notes and growing of silk worms. He married Augusta Fredrika Vilhelmina Berg in 1827.
In 1827, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

## Safety matches

Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who invented the modern chemical notation, discovered that the dangerous white phosphorus in matches could be replaced with the more benign red phosphorus, but was not able to produce a match reliable enough for everyday use. Pasch, a student of Berzelius, managed to do so by moving the phosphorus from the head of the match to a specially prepared striking surface. Pasch was granted a patent on the safety match in 1844.
Manufacturing was started at "J.S. Bagge & co:s Kemiska fabrik" (J.S. Bagge & Company's Chemical Factory) in Stockholm, but ran into difficulties due to the quality of the striking surface. Another problem was that the production of red phosphorus was prohibitively expensive making the final matches very expensive. Because of this, Pasch was unable to commercially exploit his invention and production soon ceased.
It was not until John Edvard Lundström and his younger brother Carl Frans, who took the Pasch design and improved on it that the safety match became commercially successful a decade later, around 1855–60. Lundström's safety match got an award at the 1855 World Fair in Paris.

## Later life

Pasch died without getting rich from the invention that would be the fuel of the Kreuger empire. He was however successful in his role as professor and a member of many prominent societies. From 1846 to 1861, Pasch published the annuals of the Swedish silkgrower society. From 1827 to his death he was the secretary of "Kungliga Patriotiska sällskapet" (The Royal Patriot Society).
# Fred (cartoonist)

Frédéric Othon Théodore Aristidès (5 March 1931 – 2 April 2013), known by his pseudonym Fred, was a French cartoonist in the Franco-Belgian comics tradition. He is best known for his series Philémon.

## Biography

Born in Paris, France, on 5 March 1931, the son of Greek immigrants, Fred began his career in his early twenties, getting a cartoon published in the magazine Zéro in 1954. The following years he was published in several magazines, both French and foreign, such as Ici Paris, France Dimanche, Punch and The New Yorker, among others. In 1960, he created the satirical journal Hara-Kiri with Georges Bernier and François Cavanna. He was the magazine's artistic director and drew its first 60 covers. Fred also wrote scenario for several artists, among others Jean-Claude Mézières, Loro, Georges Pichard, Hubuc, Mic Delinx and Alexis.
In 1980, he was awarded the Grand Prix de la ville at the seventh Angoulême International Comics Festival.

## Philémon

Fred's most famous creation, Philémon was created in 1965, in a 15-page story intended for the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou, which ultimately passed on it. René Goscinny, however, asked to publish it in Pilote magazine, which Fred agreed on the condition that he would produce the drawings himself. Goscinny agreed and the first Philémon adventure, Le mystère de la clairière des trois hiboux, was serialised. A last album, Le train où vont les choses, came out on February 22, 2013. It was the first Philémon album since Le diable du peintre was published in 1987, and was intended to give a proper end to the series.

## Death

Fred died on 2 April 2013, aged 82.

## Awards

* 1977 : Yellow kid prize at Lucca Comics and Games.
* 1980 : Angoulême Festival Grand Prix de la ville
* 1983 : knight and 1992 officer in Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
* 1994 : L’histoire du Corbac aux baskets Golden Wildcat.
# Gymnopternus vockerothi

Gymnopternus vockerothi is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae.
# Frasera parryi

Frasera parryi (syn. Swertia parryi) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Coahuila frasera.
It is native to southern California and adjacent Baja California, and Arizona. It grows in oak woodland and chaparral habitats along the coast and inland.

## Description

Frasera parryi is a perennial herb that produces one or two erect stems growing up to 1.5 m in height.
The basal leaves are lance-shaped, strap-shaped, or somewhat oval and elongated with pointed tips, reaching up to 25 cm long. Leaves higher on the plant are widely lance-shaped to oval, smaller, and oppositely arranged. The leaves are green with white margins.
The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers atop the stem. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each 1 to 2 cm long. The corolla is greenish with purple speckles, and each lobe has a fringe of hairs near the base. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.
# Gymnelia baroni

Gymnelia baroni is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1910. It is found in Ecuador.
The species name has a complex taxonomic history with confusion by later authors. Potentially three currently valid taxa exist, the earliest by Rothschild 1910, the subsequent by Rothschild 1911 with replacement name Gymnelia jordani Zerny, 1912, and a possible third of uncertain status, potentially needing a replacement name.
1: Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1910 (in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist: p. 510.)
Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Hab. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 feet (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL" with forewing 20 mm.
2: Gymnelia jordani Zerny, 1912 (replacement name for Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1911 (in Nov. Zool.: p. 28.; also Gymnelia ottonis Rothschild, 1913 superfluous replacement name: *Gymnelia ottonis Rothschild 1913)
Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 ft. (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL; Huancabama, Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Bottger), 1 MAL" with forewing 24 mm.
(Note: Zerny, 1912 [in Wagner, Lep. Cat. 7: 58] writes (p. 58) "Jordani Zerny nom. nov. Baroni Rothsch., Nov. Zool. 18, p. 28 (1911) (nec Rothsoh. 1910). Ecuador, Peru." On same page he lists the older "Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1910" as remaining valid as "Baroni Rothsch., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 510 (1910). Ecuador") Subsequently, Rothschild, 1913 [Novit. Zool. 20: 470, pl. 13, f. 21] writes (p. 470) in a figure legend as "21. Grymnelia ottonis Rothsch. nom. nov, for baroni ...." "Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p.28", therefore after Zerny, 1912 leading to a superfluous replacement.
3: Gymnelia sp. "baroni" (in Rothschild 1911) From Cosmosoma baroni Rothschild 1911 (in Nov. Zool.: p. 32.). Hampson, 1914 gives revised combination Gymnelia baroni (Rothschild 1911) without comment on other previous usages, apparently forming a secondary homonym)
Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Hab. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 ft. (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL" with forewing 18 mm.
(Note: Hampson, 1914 [in Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 1: 119] writes (p. 119) "*390 s. Gymnelia baroni." "Cosmosoma baroni, Roths. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 32 (1911), & xx. p. 472, pl. xiv. f. 41." and "Hab. Ecuador, Zamora (Baron), type + MAL in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 40 millim.")