OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korea University College of Science

The College of Science (abbreviated to KUCS) is a division of Korea University in Seoul, South Korea. It was established in December 1952 as the Division of Science within the College of Liberal Arts. The college offers various bachelor, master, and doctorate programs through affiliation with the Graduate School. Its major academic buildings are located on the university's Hana Square, which it shares with the College of Engineering, the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and other colleges. It is widely regarded as one of the finest colleges of science in the country.

## History

The College of Science at Korea University, which was founded in 1905, rose in December 1952 from the College of Arts and Sciences, which included the Departments of Math/Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Since then it has gone through several expansions to reach its current formation of four majors departments in the physical sciences, while the Biology Department has been separated to form its own college. Currently, the college teaches 800 undergraduates, with 63 full-time faculty members.

## Facilities

There are nine research institutes within the college. The Korea Basic Science Institute in Seoul was also built on the campus in 1993. In 1996, Chung Ju-yung, former Honorary Chairman of the Hyundai Group, generously donated a building for the College of Science. The Asan Science Building has six floors and a basement with an area of about 20,000 square meters. This building accommodates all four Departments in the College, as well as research laboratories, networked computer systems, multimedia lecture rooms, and other supporting facilities.

## Academics
### Departments

The College of Science houses the Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth and Environmental Sciences departments. It offers Bachelor of Science degrees. However, students may enroll in the dual-degree program, which allows them to pursue programs of study in two colleges and receive two different degrees.

### Interdisciplinary programs

* Telecommunication Mathematics
* Cryptology
* Science and Technology Studies
* Biophysics and Medical Physics

## Notable alumni and faculty

* Chey Tae-Won (B.S., Physics, 1983) - Chairman of SK Group
* Kim Young-Kee (B.S., Physics, 1984) - Professor at the University of Chicago and winner of the Ho-Am Prize in Science in 2005
* Jin Jung-Il - Samsung Professor of Chemistry at KUCS and current President of IUPAC
* Ahn Sung-Ho (B.S., Earth Science) - CEO of Acebed
* Chey Jae-Won (B.S., Physics) - former CEO of SK E&S
* Lee Gwang-Sun (B.S., Physics) - CEO of Hyundai Motor Company
* Kim Keon (B.S., Chemistry, 1974) - Professor of Chemistry at KUCS and current President of the Princeton Club of Korea
# Defense Language Office

The Defense Language Office was an office within the United States Department of Defense. It was officially established in May 2005 under the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness to ensure a strategic focus on language and regional expertise among Defense Department military and civilian workers.” It was created by the Fiscal Year 2005 National Defense Authorization Act, which accompanied the House Report 108-491, "to provide oversight and execution of the Defense Language Transformation Roadmap."
According to the report, the Defense Language Office was set to "ensure a strategic focus on meeting present and future requirements for language and regional expertise among military personnel and civilian employees of the Department. This office should establish and oversee policy regarding the development, management, and utilization of civilian employees as well as members of the armed forces; monitor the promotion, accession and retention of individuals with these critical skills; explore innovative concepts to expand capabilities; and establish policies to identify, track, and maximize the use to meet requirements for language and regional expertise."
On February 6, 2012, the Defense Language Office and National Security Education Program were merged to form the Defense Language and National Security Education Office (DLNSEO), which consolidates cultural, linguistic, and regional foreign studies education efforts into a single program capable of satisfying national and Department-wide requirements.
# Krajno-Parcele

Krajno-Parcele is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górno, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Górno and 16 km (10 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Panin Sekuritas

PT. Panin Sekuritas Tbk is a financial services company specializing in stock brokerage based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It was awarded the "Best Securities Company" in 2006 and 2007 by Investor magazine; "Best Managed Companies" in 2010 by FinanceAsia. Panin Sekuritas is Panin Group's division for securities and mutual fund management.

## History

The company was founded in 1989 as the 'Panin Group' set up a private securities firm with the name PT. Panin Sekuritasindo. In 1991 the company opened to new investors and financial partners, and subsequently changed their name to PT. Nusamas Panin.
Healthy growth in Indonesia's financial sector prompted the company's name change to PT. Panin Sekuritas. This was also part of Panin Group's effort to standardize its company divisions naming convention.
In 2000, Panin Sekuritas became a publicly listed and traded company at Indonesia Stock Exchange after several years of consistent growth and profit. With this, the company was allowed by Indonesia's capital market and financial institution regulation body to append "Tbk." to its name to describe that it is a public company. Officially renamed to PT. Panin Sekuritas Tbk.

## Logo

There are two distinct company logos. The first is a blue three-leaf clover to describe its affiliation to Indonesia's financial Panin Group. The design of three-leaf illustrates the three financial divisions of Panin Group: banking, life insurance and securities. The second is the word "Panin Sekuritas" which describes that this is the securities company part of the group.
# Panindícuaro Municipality

Panindícuaro is a municipality in the Mexican state of Michoacán. The municipal seat lies at the town of the same name.
# Defeasibility (linguistics)

In the linguistic field of pragmatics, an inference is said to be defeasible or cancellable if it can be made to disappear by the addition of another statement, or an appropriate context. For example, sentence [i] would normally implicate [ii] by scalar implicature:
    i: Alice has three children.
    ii: Alice has exactly three children.
But the implicature can be cancelled by the modification in [ib]:
    ib: Alice has three children, and possibly more.
Whereas conversational implicatures and presuppositions may be cancelled, an entailment may not be. For example, [i] entails the proposition "Alice has at least three children", and this cannot be cancelled with a modification like:
    ic: Alice has three children, and possibly less.

## Explicit and contextual cancellation

Grice, the originator of the concept of implicature, draws a distinction between explicit and contextual cancellation. He calls an implicature p explicitly cancellable if it is possible to cancel it by adding a statement to the effect of "but not p" to the utterance which would otherwise implicate it. For example:
    There's beer in the fridge. But that's not to say I'm offering you any.
An implicature is contextually cancellable if it can fail to manifest in a different context. For example, if Bob says "We have two spare bedrooms", this would normally implicate that his house has exactly two spare bedrooms. But this implicature disappears if Bob is speaking with Carole and Diane who are planning a visit to Bob's city and looking for a place to stay.
# Defeasible

Defeasible may refer to:
* Defeasibility (linguistics), the ability of an implicature or presupposition to be cancelled
* Defeasible reasoning, a type of convincing but not demonstrative philosophical reasoning
* Defeasible logic, a non-monotonic logic to formalize defeasible reasoning
* Defeasible estate, an estate created when a grantor transfers land conditionally
# Demetrio Túpac Yupanqui

Limitryu Tupaq Yupanki (Spanish Demetrio Túpac Yupanqui Martínez) (22 December 1923 – 3 May 2018) was a Peruvian Quechua language professor (or more accurate Southern Quechua), a translator from Castilian to Quechua and journalist.
He went to Lima, where he studied Philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and then Law at the National University of San Marcos. He worked in the newspaper La Prensa, and began teaching Quechua. Subsequently, he opened his own academy, Yachay Wasi. He also taught in the United States.
In November 2005, thanks to his work, the Quechua translation of the Spanish classic Don Quixote de la Mancha was finally published with the name Yachay sapa wiraqucha dun Qvixote Manchamantan
In 2008, his work The Quechua Course was translated into Russian by A. Skromnitsky. He died on May 3, 2018.
# Kotłówka

Kotłówka may refer to the following places:
* Kotłówka, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Kotłówka, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Kotłówka, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Demna

Demna (Georgian: დემნა) is a Georgian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Demna of Georgia (died c. 1178), Georgian royal prince
* Demna Gvasalia (born 1981), Georgian fashion designer
# Krass

Krass may refer to:
* Krass (surname)
* KRASS, a German non-profit organization
* Krass Clement (born 1946), Danish photographer who has specialized in documentary work
* Krass Engine, video game engine
# Del Bryant

Del R. Bryant is an American businessperson. He was the head of the performing rights organization BMI from 2003 to 2014.

## Biography

Del Bryant is the son of Felice and Boudleaux Bryant. Often present backstage at the Grand Ole Opry during his parents' engagements, he was introduced to the music industry early in life, often being present backstage at the Grand Ole Opry during his parents' engagements.
Bryant's career path led him to BMI, then the leading music rights organization in the United States. His role at BMI varied, from engaging with new and established writers to reforming the royalty distribution system.
In 1990, he was appointed senior vice president of BMI. He was named president and CEO in 2003. He oversaw the rejuvenation of BMI's Film & Television Department in Los Angeles and the establishment of new Latin music and R&B/hip-hop divisions in Miami and Atlanta, respectively, contributing to the development of an American-centric music catalog.
In May 2013, Bryant announced his retirement as the CEO of BMI. He retired from the post in June 2014.
Bryant has served in numerous industry leadership roles, including chairman of the board of FastTrack and a board member of BMI, CISAC, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Broadcasters Foundation of America. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.
Bryant lives on a farm outside of Nashville. He was featured in the Ken Burns documentary series, Country Music.
# Paper Tiger Books

Paper Tiger Books was a British publishing house which focused primarily on books of modern art, specifically the visionary, the fantastic, and science fiction, and an imprint of Dragons World Ltd. It was started in 1976 by Hubert Schaafsma and brothers Martyn and Roger Dean after the success of Roger Dean's book Views through a sister imprint, Dragon's Dream.
Artists published by Paper Tiger include Chris Achilleos, Stephen Bradbury, Bob Eggleton, John Harris, Peter Andrew Jones, Josh Kirby, Rodney Matthews, Chris Moore, Bruce Pennington, Barclay Shaw, Anne Sudworth, Jim Warren, David A. Hardy, and Patrick Woodroffe; as well as numerous titles by Boris Vallejo and Julie Bell.

## History

Initially formed to publish The Album Cover Album, Paper Tiger's range quickly expanded to include art which was not only connected to music, but also the visionary, the fantastic, and the best of science fiction. The staff within the company, apart from Hubert Schaafsma, Martyn and Roger Dean, included Dominy Hamilton (daughter of Richard Hamilton), Jim Slattery, Christine Miles, Shelley Alge, and Steve Henderson.
Through its imprint Dragon's World, the company published the 1978 book The Round Art: The Astrology of Time and Space, by the astrologer and artist A. T. Mann.
Hubert Schaafsma bought out the Dean brothers in 1981, who left the company, and it continued under the management of Schaafsma, producing a series of fantasy art books, many of which were edited by Nigel Suckling, who also provided text to accompany the pictures. Under Schaafsma's leadership, the Dragon's World company expanded into the imprints of Dragon's World Children's Books, Dragon's World Natural History Books, and Dragon's World Books—the latter being general visual interest books. The Paper Tiger imprint dealing with fantasy/visionary/science fiction and music was expanded to publish over 250 titles in 12 languages throughout the world.
From July 1999 through October 2001, Paper Tiger issued a monthly ezine called The Paper Snarl, which featured interviews with its artists.
In 1997, Paper Tiger was "rescued" by Collins & Brown, before becoming an imprint of Anova Books. As of late 2009, the imprint appears to be defunct.
# Democratic Union

Democratic Union may refer to:
* Croatian Democratic Union
* Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Mongolian Democratic Union
* Democratic Union of Alto Adige
* Democratic Union (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
* Democratic Union (Czech Republic)
* Democratic Union (Germany)
* Democratic Union (Greece)
* Democratic Union (Guatemala)
* Democratic Union (Israel)
* Democratic Union (Italy)
* Democratic Union (Morocco)
* Democratic Union (North Macedonia)
* Democratic Union (Poland)
* Democratic Union (Russia)
* Democratic Union (Slovakia)
* Democratic Union (Ukraine)
# Papilio zelicaon

Papilio zelicaon, the anise swallowtail, is a common swallowtail butterfly of western North America. Both the upper and lower sides of its wings are black, but the upper wing has a broad yellow stripe across it, giving the butterfly an overall yellow appearance. There are striking blue spots on the rear edge of the rear wing, and the characteristic tails of the swallowtails. Its wingspan is 52–80 mm (2.04-3.15 inches). Its body is somewhat shorter than the rather similar western tiger swallowtail, with which its range overlaps; it also lacks the black stripes, converging toward the tail, of the latter. There is a somewhat darker subspecies, P. z. nitra, which is rare throughout the range, though somewhat more often found at lower elevations.

## Description

The anise swallowtail has a wingspan ranging from 52 to 80 mm (2.0 to 3.1 in). Wings are mostly yellow, with black bands along the edges of both the forewings and hindwings. They are distinguished from tiger swallowtail butterflies by being smaller in size and lacking the vertical black striping patterns. There are yellowish-orange to red eyespots near the tails of each wing, each containing a black pupil. The body is predominantly black, with yellow stripes running laterally along the abdomen.
* Female

## Distribution

The anise swallowtail is a butterfly of fairly open country, and is most likely to be seen on bare hills or mountains, in fields or at the roadside. It is often seen in towns, in gardens or vacant lots.
The usual range of the anise swallowtail extends from British Columbia and North Dakota at its northern extreme, south to the Baja California Peninsula and other parts of Mexico.
It is occasionally reported from the southeastern United States, but its normal range does not extend east of New Mexico. In all the more northerly parts of the range, the chrysalis hibernates.

## Life cycle

Adult females lay eggs singly on the undersides of host plant leaves. In the first two instars, the caterpillar is dark brown, almost black, with an irregular white band at its middle. After that, it becomes more green at each successive molt until, in the fifth (last) instar, it is predominantly green, with markings in black, orange, and light blue. Its major food plants are members of the carrot family, Apiaceae (including fennel), and also some members of the citrus family, Rutaceae. Like all swallowtail caterpillars, if disturbed, it will suddenly evert bright orange osmeteria (or "stinkhorns") from just behind its head, glandular structures which give off a foul odor. The caterpillar grows to around 5 cm in length before forming a chrysalis, which is brown or green and about 3 cm long.
The anise swallowtail pupa looks like a thick branch coming off of the larval host plant. The top of the pupa extends slightly from the plant, held by strong silk. This is where the adult butterfly emerges.
# Denis Bédard

Denis Bédard (born 13 January 1950) is a Canadian composer of organ works (solo, duet, and with other instruments) and choral pieces (a cappella, with organ, and with piano). He founded Éditions Cheldar, which publishes his works. His compositions are performed internationally.

## Early life and education

Bédard was born in Quebec City, Quebec. He was trained at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Québec where he obtained a deuxième prix harmony in 1966, a premier prix counterpoint in 1970, a premier prix fugue in 1971, premier prix organ in 1972, and a premier prix harpsichord and premier prix chamber music in 1973. Among his teachers at the conservatoire were Tania Krieger (piano), Claude Lavoie (organ), André Mérineau (harmony), Magdeleine Martin (counterpoint and fugue), and Donald Thomson (harpsichord). A series of grants from the Canada Council enabled him to pursue studies in Paris with André Isoir (organ) and Laurence Boulay (harpsichord and figured bass realization) and in Montreal with Bernard Lagacé (organ and harpsichord) between 1973 and 1975. After winning the Prix d'Europe in 1975 for his harpsichord performance, he studied piano, harpsichord, and organ with Gustav Leonhardt in the Netherlands from 1975 to 1977.

## Career

Beginning in 1969, Bédard served as organist at Church of Notre-Dame de la Nativité in Beauport, Quebec. In 1978 he became the organist at the Church of Saint-Coeur-de-Marie in Quebec City. He played at several other churches in Quebec, and composed music for organ, piano and harpsichord and other instruments.
Bédard's composition Suite from the year 1996 was intended to be played by two organists. A collection of his works for organ was released as an album, Denis Bédard: Organ Works, was released through the Atma label in 1998. In 1999 he composed Duet Suite for Organ and Piano.
Bédard later moved to the west coast and became organist at Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire de Vancouver. He retired from this position in 2021, after exactly 20 years of playing at the cathedral.
In 2018 his composition "Gibraltar March for Organ" was performed in Gibraltar at Holy Trinity Cathedral at the rededication of its 138 year old organ.

## Selected compositions

* Suite from the year 1996
* Duet Suite for Organ and Piano (1999)
* Suite pour Orgue
* Suite du premier ton.
* "Fantaisie"
* "Gibraltar March for Organ" (2018)
# Dembatagastenna

Dembatagastenna is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# Magnolia figo

Magnolia figo (also called banana shrub, port wine magnolia, Michelia figo) is an evergreen tree in the magnolia genus. It grows to 3–4 metres (10–13 feet) tall. It is native to China.
Initially described by Portuguese missionary and naturalist João de Loureiro as Liriodendron figo, it was reclassified as Michelia figo by German botanist Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel. In 2006, a cladistic analysis of the genus Michelia found them to lie within the genus Magnolia, with the name now being Magnolia figo.
It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens for its fragrant flowers, which are cream-white and sometimes yellow, purple rounded, or light-purple, and strongly scented with isoamyl alcohol. It is also popular to keep M. figo as a houseplant. Flower buds, as well as new leaves, are covered with hairs, giving it a texture similar to that of velvet. The leaves are leathery, dark glossy-green, up to 10 cm long. This plant is used in Shanghai, China, as a tall evergreen hedge. It grows very slowly and matures into a large evergreen compact tree. It grows in acid and alkaline soil very well, but is susceptible to black soot.
# Miagete Goran Yoru no Hoshi o

"Miagete goran yoru no hoshi wo" (見上げてごらん夜の星を "Look up at the stars in the night") is a 1963 hit song performed by a Japanese singer Kyu Sakamoto. It was written by lyricist Rokusuke Ei and composer Taku Izumi. Izumi won the Japan Record Award. The song was originally written for a musical of the same title in 1960.
This song was covered by many singers, including BEGIN (as an end theme for the anime Futatsu no Spica) and Ken Hirai.
The song, among other cheerful songs of Kyu Sakamoto, was often heard in Japan after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. This included a series of versions by 71 actors and singers (among which was Tommy Lee Jones), for Suntory beverage company commercials, coupled with the song "Ue o Muite Arukō". Shikao Suga also covered the song for charity.
The lyrics start as follows:
見上げてごらん夜の星を miagete goran yoru no hoshi wo (Look up at the stars in the sky) 小さな星の 小さな光りが chiisana hoshi no, chiisana hikari ga (The small light from a small star) ささやかな幸せを　歌ってるsasayaka na shiawase wo utatteru (Is singing of a small happiness)
# Noduliferola

Noduliferola is a genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae) belonging to the tribe Eucosmini of subfamily Olethreutinae. The known species range from East Asia to Polynesia.
At least some of them can be recognized by their hindwing veins. In these species, vein 3 and 4 are united, and approached by the fifth vein at its end.

## Species

* Noduliferola abstrusa Kuznetzov, 1973
* Noduliferola anepsia Razowski, 2013
* Noduliferola atriplaga (Clarke, 1976)
* Noduliferola hylica (Diakonoff, 1984)
* Noduliferola insuetana Kuznetzov, 1997
* Noduliferola marquesana (Clarke, 1986)
* Noduliferola neothela (Turner, 1916)
* Noduliferola niphada (Diakonoff, 1984)
* Noduliferola phaeostropha (Clarke, 1976)
* Noduliferola pleurogramma (Clarke, 1976)
* Noduliferola spiladorma (Meyrick, 1932)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Baixeras et al. (2010a)
* ↑ Baixeras et al. (2010ab)
* ↑ Clarke (1986)
# Hans Bruggeman

Anthonius Johannes "Hans" Bruggeman (21 May 1927 – 15 October 2016) was a Dutch politician. He served in the House of Representatives for the Pacifist Socialist Party from 5 June 1963 until 22 February 1967.

## Career

Bruggeman was born in Voorburg on 21 May 1927. He attended the gymnasium and subsequently finished an education in graphology. He also pursued an academic degree in philosophy between 1957 and 1962, but did not obtain a degree. Bruggeman worked for the Escomptobank and later worked as a civil servant for the Rijksgebouwendienst [nl]. After his time in politics Bruggeman worked for the Voorzieningenfonds voor Kunstenaar and later was director of the Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam [nl]. He retired in 1989 and became a full-time volunteer at Amnesty International in Amsterdam.
Politically, Bruggeman represented the Pacifist Socialist Party in the municipal council of Amsterdam from 4 September 1962 to 1 November 1968. He was elected in the 1963 general election to the House of Representatives and served there from 5 June 1963 to 22 February 1967. Bruggeman was number seven on the PSP list for the 1967 Dutch general election, but was not elected.
Bruggeman was a livelong activist. He was known as one of the first anti–nuclear weapons activists of the Netherlands and served as chairperson of the Comité 1961 voor de Vrede from 1960 to 1963.
He died in Amsterdam on 15 October 2016.
# Koba, Kindia

Koba, Kindia is a town and sub-prefecture in the Télimélé Prefecture in the Kindia Region of western-central Guinea.