OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Towson County, Choctaw Nation

Towson County was a political subdivision of the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory, prior to Oklahoma being admitted as a state. The county formed part of the Nation's Apukshunnubbee a District, or Second District, one of three administrative super-regions.

## History

Towson County, Choctaw Nation was named for U.S. Army Col. Nathanial Towson (1784–1854), whose name was also commemorated by the territorial-era military post, Fort Towson, and by the present-day adjacent town of Fort Towson. The military post, established in 1824, was named first.
Towson County's boundaries were established and designated according to easily recognizable natural landmarks, as were the boundaries of all Choctaw Nation counties. The Red River formed its southern boundary; Little River was its eastern boundary; and the Kiamichi River was its western boundary. A line drawn to connect the Little and Kiamichi rivers formed its northern boundary.
Four counties bordered Towson County: Cedar County on the north, Bok Tuklo and Red River counties on the east, and Kiamitia County on the west. Its county seat was Towson Court House, a meeting ground which is no longer extant.
The county served as an election district for members of the National Council, and as a unit of local administration. Constitutional officers, all of whom served for two-year terms and were elected by the voters, included the county judge, sheriff, and a ranger. The judge's duties included oversight of overall county administration. The sheriff collected taxes, monitored unlawful intrusion by intruders (usually white Americans from the United States), and conducted the census. The county ranger advertised and sold strayed livestock.

## Statehood

As Oklahoma's statehood approached, its leading citizens, who were gathered for the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention, realized in laying out the future state's counties that, while logically designed, the Choctaw Nation's counties could not exist as economically viable political subdivisions. In most the county seat existed generally for holding county court and not as a population center.
This conundrum was also recognized by the framers of the proposed State of Sequoyah, who met in 1905 to propose statehood for the Indian Territory. The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention also proposed a county structure that abolished the Choctaw counties. Towson County was included principally within the territory of the proposed Hitchcock County.
Much of this proposition was borrowed two years later by Oklahoma's framers, who adopted certain of these concepts for the future Choctaw County in Oklahoma. The territory formerly comprising Towson County, Choctaw Nation was divided almost equally between Choctaw County and McCurtain County.
Towson County ceased to exist upon Oklahoma’s statehood on November 16, 1907.
# Giant wrinkled frog

The giant wrinkled frog (Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis, arguably a junior synonym of N. hussaini) is a species of frogs in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to the Western Ghats of India in the Kudremukh region. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomic controversy

This "species" was named after the Indian ornithologist S. A. Hussain as Nyctibatrachus hussaini. In 2001, Biju questioned the validity of this species due to lack of type specimens in the museum.
In 2007, some of the same authors suggested the alternative name of Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis, stating that Nyctibatrachus hussaini was invalid due to the lack of a traceable holotype, though two of the authors claiming this were responsible for the original description. A holotype (more correctly a neotype) was designated and vouchered at the Zoological Survey of India in Kozhikode with the alternate name. This became the subject of considerable controversy, as problems were noted in peer-review practices and adherence to the ICZN code.
# Platinum Collection (Rossa album)

Platinum Collection is a studio album by Rossa, and is a repackaging of the album The Best of Rossa. This album is special for Pecinta Rossa (Rossa fans) in Indonesia, because it added a new song which was never released by Rossa on her albums in Indonesia, Aku Bersahaja and Ku Pinang Kau Dengan Bismillah. This album was released on 18 June 2013 by Trinity Optima Production and Gramedia Bookstore Indonesia.

## Track listing

* Aku Bersahaja featuring Taufik Batisah (Taufik Batisah)
* Tak Sanggup Lagi (Aji Mirza Hakim)
* Ku Pinang Kau Dengan Bismillah featuring Ungu (Enda “Ungu”)
* Ku Menunggu (Mery LC)
* Terlanjur Cinta featuring Pasha "Ungu" (Yoyo Prasetyo)
* Pudar (Hendra Nurcahya)
* Aku Bukan Untukmu (Aji Mirza Hakim)
* Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Melly Goeslaw)
* Hati Yang Kau Sakiti (Enda "Ungu")
* Tegar (Melly Goeslaw)
* Kini (Yovie Widyanto)
* Atas Nama Cinta (Melly Goeslaw)
* Memeluk Bulan (Enda "Ungu")
* Jangan Ada Dusta Diantara Kita featuring Broery Marantika (Harry Tasman)
* Perawan Cinta (Melly Goeslaw)
# Marco Dispaltro

Marco Dispaltro (born August 2, 1967) is a Canadian boccia player who competes at international elite competitions. He is a Paralympic bronze medalist in the pairs with Josh Vander Vies and a Parapan American Games champion in the individual events.
# Giant Campus

Giant Campus, Inc. is a defunct Seattle-based online education company. It was acquired by Edgenuity in 2011.
Giant Campus specialized in technology-focused courses for students, grades 9 through 12, as well as for members of the United States military and their families. Giant Campus was geared towards developing original course content, mapping to both the Washington Career and Technical Education and Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills frameworks in business innovation, computer science, and digital arts.

## Founder

Giant Campus was founded in 1997, by president and chief executive officer Pete Findley. The idea came when Findley was a business school student at the University of Washington and created a detailed business plan for a network of summer camps to teach middle and high school kids new media skills—including multimedia and web design on college campuses. This project earned him first place in a statewide business plan competition, along with $15,000 in seed money to launch Giant Campus. Within five years, Giant Campus was running Cybercamps at more than 70 colleges, including programs in China, Hong Kong, Korea and Saudi Arabia.
In 2008, Findley was named Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year in the Pacific Northwest.
# National Police Day (Egypt)

National Police Day is a national holiday in Egypt that occurs each year on 25 January.
The holiday commemorates and is a remembrance of the Battle of Ismailia where 50 police officers were killed and more wounded when they refused British demands to hand over weapons and evacuate the Ismaïlia Police Station on 25 January 1952. The British Army surrounded the police station, then brought tanks in and took over the station. One of the major heroes of this battle was Captain Salah Zulfikar. The event was photographed by a local man and photos were published, inciting anger and riots throughout Egypt.
January 25 was declared as an official holiday in 2009 by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to recognize the efforts of Egyptian police to maintain security and stability in Egypt and acknowledge their sacrifices.
When the Egyptian police drifted away from their duty of keeping civilians and country safe and began humiliating people to back Mubarak's corrupt regime, a number of Egyptian opposition groups had chosen this day to start mass protests in 2011, which turned into a massive popular revolution which swept across the country on January 28. This revolution is known as the Revolution of 25 January. President Hosni Mubarak stepped down from office, and the Supreme Council of the armed forces took over the governing of the country.
# Gingerbreadman map

In dynamical systems theory, the Gingerbreadman map is a chaotic two-dimensional map. It is given by the piecewise linear transformation:
    ${\begin{cases}x_{n+1}=1-y_{n}+|x_{n}|\\y_{n+1}=x_{n}\end{cases}}$
# Moodna pallidostrinella

Moodna pallidostrinella, the paler moodna moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus Moodna. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1990 from Big Pine Key, in the US state of Florida. The species has a wider distribution though, including Florida, Georgia, Maryland, New York, Ontario, South Carolina and Tennessee.
# Henry Francis Bryan

Henry Francis Bryan (May 3, 1865 – March 19, 1944) was a United States Navy Rear Admiral and the governor of American Samoa. He served as governor from March 17, 1925, to September 9, 1927. Bryan was one of only three naval governors of the territory who had retired from naval service before serving as governor, the others being John Martin Poyer and his immediate predecessor, Edward Stanley Kellogg. In the Navy, he had numerous commands, and served in the Spanish–American War. His largest command was the Special Service Squadron.

## Life
### Early life

Bryan was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 3, 1865.

### Naval career

Bryan became a cadet at the United States Naval Academy on May 2, 1883, and graduated in 1887. He served on both USS Isla de Luzon and USS Newark. He also served on USS Monocacy, which he commanded. Bryan fought in the Spanish–American War. He later filled a post in the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he also briefly served as director from December 1913 to January 1914. He had been promoted to captain on July 1, 1913.
During World War I, Bryan commanded USS Leviathan, for which he was later awarded the Navy Cross. He was frocked as a rear admiral on September 21, 1918. After the war, Bryan was given command of the Special Service Squadron, which patrolled the Caribbean Sea. In 1921, he and his squadron were commanded to protect United States interests during contention in Costa Rica and Panama.
Bryan retired from active duty at his permanent rank of captain on December 31, 1921. He was credited with additional active duty time for his service as naval governor of American Samoa from 1925 to 1927. On June 21, 1930, Bryan was advanced to rear admiral on the retired list.

## Governorship

Bryan assumed the governorship on March 17, 1925. While governor, he established the American Samoa Department of Communications. Bryan was one of only three naval governors of the territory who had retired from naval service before serving as governor, the others being John Martin Poyer and Edward Stanley Kellogg.
Bryan served as Governor during a period of peace following the turbulent years of Mau activities. He completed the work on a bill of rights, which had begun under Governor Edward Stanley Kellogg, and incorporated it into the Code of American Samoa. During his tenure, he oversaw the construction of two new dispensaries, one in Amouli and another in Ofu. Additionally, Governor Bryan imposed a ban on malagas.
# Plant seed peroxygenase

Plant seed peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.3, plant peroxygenase, soybean peroxygenase) is an enzyme with systematic name substrate:hydroperoxide oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or epoxidising). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    R$_1$H + R$_2$OOH $\rightleftharpoons$ R$_1$OH + R$_2$OH
This enzyme is a heme protein that contains calcium binding motif.
# Taaningichthys

Taaningichthys is a genus of lanternfishes.

## Etymology

The genus is named in honour of Åge Vedel Tåning, a Danish lanternfish expert.

## Species

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* Taaningichthys bathyphilus (Tåning, 1928) (Deepwater lanternfish)
* Taaningichthys minimus (Tåning, 1928)
* Taaningichthys paurolychnus Davy, 1972
# Gijet

Gijet is a town in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. This town has a latitude and longitude of 13°19′N 39°10.5′E﻿ / ﻿13.317°N 39.1750°E﻿ / 13.317; 39.1750 with an elevation of 2070 to 2100 meters above sea level. Gijet is the largest settlement in the Saharti Samre district. During the Imperial era, Gijet was the center of the Saharti woreda. Since 2020, it is again the centre of the new Saharti woreda.
# Unión Explosivos Río Tinto

The Unión Explosivos Río Tinto (ERT) was a Spanish business conglomerate that operated between 1970 and 1989, being present in many industries of the country. At the time, it was the main Spanish business group by size and assets, with a network of companies that included more than forty subsidiaries.

## History

The ERT group, which started in 1970, was present in numerous sectors of the economy: mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, explosives, etc. In its beginnings, it had a workforce made up of 14,000 employees, as well as a network of facilities, factories and production centers that extended throughout the country. Its name came from the historical Rio Tinto Mines, in the province of Huelva. During the 1970s, the Explosivos Río Tinto group undertook a business diversification that led to an increase of its presence in the real estate, pharmaceutical, petrochemical or publishing sectors. This was carried out through loans and significant indebtedness. In 1989, after many years of crisis due to financial problems, ERT was integrated into the holding Ercros.
# Last Day of Summer (White Denim album)

Last Day of Summer is a collection of tracks self-released by the garage rock/psychedelic band White Denim on September 23, 2010. The release notes from their official website state: "This record is something we made as a little summer retreat from our ongoing work on the third full length [album]. Many of these tunes have been bouncing around since the formation of the band back in 06. We were super pumped to utilize a few fresh and casual musical approaches on this record." It is available to download for free (with an option to make a donation) from the band's official website. The version of "I'd Have It Just the Way We Were" is a different recording to the one that appears on their previous album, Fits. Last Day of Summer was re-released on CD format on December 5, 2011. The cover art is an homage to Preston Love's Omaha Bar-B-Q.

## Personnel

* James Petralli – vocals, guitar
* Joshua Block – drums
* Steve Terebecki – vocals, bass
* Austin Jenkins – guitar
* Danny Reisch – mix engineer, mastering engineer
# Moodnopsis decipiens

Moodnopsis decipiens is a species of snout moth, and the type species in the genus Moodnopsis. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Mexico.
# Gigantidas

Gigantidas is a genus of large, deepwater, hydrothermal vent mussels, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Mytilidae.

## Distribution and habitat

Species in this genus are found on deep-sea hydrothermal vents on the southern Kermadec Ridge. These mussels form dense beds at these sites.

## Description

The shells of Gigantidas gladius are up to 30 cm long.

## Species

Species within the genus Gigantidas include:
* Gigantidas coseli Saether, Little, Campbell, Marshall, Collins & Alfaro, 2010
* Gigantidas gladius Cosel & Marshall, 2003
* Gigantidas horikoshi Hashimoto & Yamane, 2005
* Gigantidas samario Cosel & Gracia, 2018
* Gigantidas taiwanensis (Cosel, 2008)
* Gigantidas tangaroa (Cosel & B. A. Marshall, 2003)
# Ziria

Ziria may refer to:
* an alternative name for Mount Kyllini, southern Greece
* Ziria, Achaea, a village in Achaea, southern Greece
* Tengai Makyō: Ziria, a video game
# Lord Arthur Savile's Crime (1920 film)

Lord Arthur Saville's Crime (Hungarian: Lidércnyomás) is a 1920 Hungarian silent crime film directed by Pál Fejös and starring Ödön Bárdi, Lajos Gellért and Margit Lux. It was also released as both Mark of the Phantom and Lidercnyomas. The film was based on the 1891 short story Lord Arthur Savile's Crime by Oscar Wilde. It was one of Pal Fejos' earliest films and is now considered lost. It was photographed by Jozsef Karban.
In 1927, director Fejos emigrated to Hollywood where he directed The Last Performance, and later directed Fantômas (1932 film) in France in 1932.
The Oscar Wilde short story was filmed twice more in Europe during the silent years.... in 1919 as Lord Saviles brott (a Swedish film directed by Gunnar Klintburg) and again in 1921 as Lord Arthur Savile's Crime (a French film directed by Rene Hervil).

## Plot

After being told by a fortune teller named Septimus R. Podgers that he is destined to be a murderer, an aristocrat named Lord Arthur Saville decides to commit a murder before his impending marriage, so his marriage will not be sullied. He slips his old aunt a poison pill, and she dies, leaving him a huge inheritance. When his fiancé Sybil later finds the poison pill among his deceased aunt's belongings, he realizes he did not murder her after all. After a few more failed attempts to kill someone, he returns to the fortune teller and winds up pushing her into the Thames, where she drowns. He gets away with killing her though, as the police rule her death a suicide. Free at last, he marries Sybil, but learns many years later that the fortune teller he killed had been a total fraud with no powers of prediction whatsoever.

## Cast

* Ödön Bárdi - Arthur Fayerle
* Lajos Gellért - Blecher
* Margit Lux
* Gusztáv Pártos
# Margaret Cardwell

Margaret Cardwell was a reader in English at Queen's University Belfast, a specialist in the works of Charles Dickens. She was a winner of the British Academy's Rose Mary Crawshay Prize in 1994.

## Life

Margaret Cardwell was born in Blackpool. She attended the Fleetwood Grammar School and read English at Leeds University, where she obtained a first class degree. She taught at Blackpool, then joined Westfield College in London for her MA. In 1969, she obtained her doctorate from Bedford College, London, while also working at the Froebel Institute College in Roehampton.
Cardwell joined the Queen's University, Belfast in the English department in 1967, where she stayed until her retirement in 1987. She died in 2011 in Somerset.

## Works

Cardwell had a long association with the Oxford University Press. She edited the Clarendon editions of Charles Dickens's The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1972), Martin Chuzzlewit (1982), and Great Expectations (1993), for the last of which she won the Rose Mary Crawshay Prize.
Edwin Drood, famously, is Dickens' unfinished novel, and Cardwell's edition was noted for its restoration of meddlesome phrases and judicious use of various readings, as well as the most comprehensive record of the evolution of the book. Cardwell demonstrated the affinities between Oliver Twist and Drood, and indeed traced the change in Dickens's emphasis from the characters of Rosa and Edwin to Jesper.
Her edition of Martin Chuzzlewit was considered definitive. Based on Dickens's 1844 text, she adroitly selected the emendations, and recovered the likeliest renditions of Dickens' misspelled or misprinted terms of expression. As sixteen of nineteen of the work's monthly print installments were missing the proofs, she faced the complexity of determining the variations from manuscript to the first edition, and dealt judiciously with extracting the appropriately annotated final form.
Cardwell examined the evolution of Great Expectations as well, as part of her award-winning edition in 1993. She showed how the earliest version of the novel appeared in the United States, in the Harper's Weekly (which could accordingly be considered the first edition) but that further modifications by Dickens occurred (for instance, a major break in the third chapter of the American version). However, her choice of the 1861 edition of the novel as the copy-text for the definitive edition was criticised for accepting several hundred readings as authorial.
# Gillian Revie

Gillian Revie Macleod is a British ballerina. She was formerly a first soloist and later principal guest artist at the Royal Ballet, Covent Garden. She went on to start her own ballet school in Sydney called Classical Ballet 121, closing in 2021.

## Early life

Revie was born in either 1969 or 1970 in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland. She began dancing at the age of three.

## Career

Revie trained at the Royal Ballet School and joined the Royal Ballet company in 1987, where she worked for over two decades, undertaking roles such as Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker, Mary in Mayerling, Anastasia, and Manon.
In 2000, she became the first recipient of the Award for Outstanding Achievement in Dance Performance at Dance Northern Ireland's black-tie Gala Night Celebration.
# National Youth League

National Youth League may refer to:

## Politics

* National Youth League (Indian National League), youth section of the Indian National League political party
* National League of Sweden, also known as the National Youth League of Sweden

## Sport

* Gillette National Youth League, a British rugby league football competition
* National Youth Competition (rugby league), an Australasian rugby league football competition
* The former name of the Y-League, an Australian soccer competition
* National Youth League (New Zealand), a football (soccer) competition
# Last Day of World War One

The Last Day of World War One is an episode in the 2008 season of the Television series Timewatch. The programme was a co-production between the Open University and the BBC and aired in November 2008 on BBC 2. The material is presented by Michael Palin who reveals that soldiers continued to be killed in battle for many hours after the Armistice had been signed. Palin recounts the personal stories of the last soldiers to die in the final days, hours and minutes of World War I.
The programme commences with a brief mention of Major General William M. Wright of the United States 89th Division who, according to Palin, sacrificed lives storming the town of Stenay simply so his troops could have a bath; "... that lunatic decision cost something like 300 casualties" according to American historical author Joseph E. Persico.
The German 1918 Spring Offensive was Germany's last attempt to force the British and French to capitulate before the expected arrival of overwhelming American forces. The gamble almost succeeded but the Allies first held and then, in July at the River Marne, pushed back the Germans. On 8 August, "The Black Day of the German Army", the British launched their counter-attack at Amiens. The Germans were forced back and would never recover. They had suffered extremely high casualties in their offensives; the Allied naval blockade was threatening starvation; revolution at home meant troops were fighting both the enemy and their own countrymen; and now American troops were arriving at the front at a rate of 300,000 each month.
Faced with disaster, the German government dispatched a civilian peace delegation under Matthias Erzberger. On 7 November, French soldiers on the front line near La Capelle witnessed the approach of several German cars bearing white flags. The delegation was escorted through the devastated French landscape via Guise and onto Homblières from where they were placed on a train. The train was routed through Tergnier to a gun siding by Rethondes in the forest of Compiègne and the personal train carriage of Marshal Ferdinand Foch, supreme commander of the Allied armies.
Foch was in no mood to compromise and greeted the delegation, "What do you want from me?". The Germans stated that they were there to negotiate an armistice. Foch replied that as far as he was concerned, there would be no negotiation – they were there to receive his terms. A meeting was arranged for the next day from whence the Germans would have 72 hours, from the 8th to 11th, to agree to Foch's terms; Erzberger suggested an immediate ceasefire but this was refused by Foch.
Foch conceded virtually nothing during the ensuing talks. Erzberger was required to telegraph the terms back to the Supreme Command and was told to accept any terms as the situation was so grave; the messages were uncoded and were read by the Allies. At 5:10 am on 11 November 1918, the two sides signed and the news was sent around the world that hostilities would cease at 11:00 am.