# List of works by Charles Holden

Charles Holden (12 May 1875 – 1 May 1960) was an English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s. Other notable designs were Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and the University of London's Senate House. Many of his buildings have been granted listed building status, indicating that they are considered to be of architectural or historical interest and protecting them from unapproved alteration. He also designed over 60 war cemeteries and two memorials in Belgium and northern France for the Imperial War Graves Commission from 1920 to 1928.
Holden's early architectural training was in Bolton and Manchester where he worked for architects Everard W. Leeson and Jonathan Simpson before moving to London. After a short period with Arts and Crafts designer Charles Robert Ashbee, he went to work for Henry Percy Adams in 1899. He became Adams' partner in the firm in 1907 and remained with it for the rest of his career.

## Buildings

| Holden's early buildings were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, but for most of his career he championed an unadorned style based on simplified forms and massing that was free of what he considered to be unnecessary decorative detailing. He believed strongly that architectural designs should be dictated by the intended functions of buildings. After the First World War he increasingly simplified his style and his designs became pared-down and modernist, influenced by continental European architecture. This list includes all buildings for which Holden was commissioned to produce designs. Building Location Year completed Listed Note 14–15 Old Bond StreetWestminster1911– 55 BroadwayWestminster1929Grade IFirst cruciform plan office building in Britain; includes St James's Park tube station. Sculptures commissioned by Holden for the building include Jacob Epstein's Day and Night and Henry Moore's first public commission. 87 Harmer Green LaneWelwyn, Hertfordshire1906–Holden's own home 127 & 129 High HolbornHolborn1904Grade II Acton Town Underground stationActon1932Grade II AlmshousesWoburn, Bedfordshire1906– Alperton Underground stationAlperton1931– Archway Underground stationArchway1931–Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished Arnos Grove Underground stationArnos Grove1932Grade II* Balham Underground stationBalham1926Grade II Bedfordshire Cottages, Workhouse siteWoburn, Bedfordshire1901– Belgrave Hospital for ChildrenKennington1903Grade II* Birchmoor LodgeWoburn, Bedfordshire1901– Bond Street Underground stationWest End1927–Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished Boston Manor Underground stationBoston Manor1934Grade IIWith Stanley Heaps Bounds Green Underground stationBounds Green1932Grade IIWith Charles Holloway James Bristol Central LibraryBristol1906Grade IA Tudor revival exterior with classical interior. Furnishings also by Holden. Bristol Royal Infirmary King Edward VII memorial extensionBristol1912– British Medical AssociationStrand1908Grade II*Now Zimbabwe House. Jacob Epstein's series of sculptures caused great controversy when unveiled. They were defaced in the 1930s to prevent pieces falling off. British Seamen's HospitalIstanbul, Turkey1903– Bushey Heath Underground stationBushey, Hertfordshire––Unbuilt Cavendish Laboratory, Austin Wing, University of CambridgeCambridge, Cambridgeshire1940– Chiswick Park Underground stationChiswick1932Grade II Clapham Common Underground stationClapham1924Grade II Clapham South Underground stationClapham1926Grade II Clifton College Memorial ArchBristol1922Grade II Colliers Wood Underground stationColliers Wood1926Grade II Cockfosters Underground stationCockfosters1933Grade II CottagesPort Sunlight, Merseyside1898– Cottage HospitalWoburn, Bedfordshire1903Grade IIListed as Henry P. Adams design Crowholt LodgeWoburn, Bedfordshire1914– Danvers Tower, Cheyne WalkChelsea––Unbuilt design for artists' studios Ealing Common Underground stationEaling1931Grade IIWith Stanley Heaps Eastcote Underground stationEastcote1939Grade II East Finchley Underground stationEast Finchley1939Grade IIWith Leonard Holcombe Bucknell Elstree South Underground stationElstree, Hertfordshire––Unbuilt Evelyn House, Oxford StreetWest End1909Grade II Farm CottagesMayland, Essex1906– Finchley Central Underground stationFinchley––With Reginald Uren. Unbuilt. Gants Hill Underground stationGants Hill1947–The platform level concourse was modelled after stations on the Moscow Metro General HospitalTunbridge Wells, Kent1902– Green Park Underground stationPiccadilly1932–New Portland stone entrance shelter adjacent to Green Park, since demolished Grey GablesBolton, Greater Manchester1898– Hall of Remembrance (War Museum)London––Unbuilt Hammersmith tube stationHammersmith1931–New Portland stone and glazed screen secondary entrance façade, since demolished HaresfootBerkhamsted, Buckinghamshire1920–Additions to existing house Highgate Underground stationHighgate1939–Partly built and partly disused Holborn Underground stationHolborn1933–Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade Homeopathic Cottage HospitalSouthport, Lancashire1909–Arts and Crafts hospital building with sea view. Hounslow West Underground stationHounslow1931Grade IIWith Stanley Heaps HouseDelamere Forest, Cheshire1898–Holden's first project, unknown location HouseHolford, Somerset1923– House KnightBepton Common, Midhurst, West Sussex1915– House MayorBicknoller, Somerset1928– House SemonGreat Missenden, Buckinghamshire1910Grade IINow known as Rignalls House SixsmithAdlington, Lancashire1907Grade IINow known as Brown Low Institution of Electrical Engineers Interiors, Savoy PlaceWestminster1911– Isle of Thanet District HospitalMargate, Kent1926Grade IINow part of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother Hospital Isolation Hospital for Infectious DiseasesAmpthill, Bedfordshire1903– King Edward VII SanatoriumMidhurst, West Sussex1906Grade II*Chapel separately listed Grade II* LodgeWoburn, Bedfordshire1908– Lodge, Birchmoor DriveWoburn, Bedfordshire1914– Kings College for WomenKensington1916Grade IIWren-influenced design for college for domestic science Sir James Knott Memorial FlatsTynemouth1939–With Tasker & Child Law Society extensionHolborn1904Grade II*Listed with main building by Lewis Vulliamy Leicester Square Underground stationWest End1933–New Portland stone entrance building including public house and sub-surface booking hall and concourse London Underground Acton Works and OfficesActon1932– Manor House Underground stationManor House1932– Mansion House Underground stationCity of London1930–Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished Memorial Chapel, New College, OxfordOxford, Oxfordshire––Unbuilt Morden Underground stationMorden1926– Mortuary Chapel, Richmond HospitalRichmond1914– National Library of WalesAberystwyth, Wales1937Grade II*Front range (modified version of earlier design by Sidney Greenslade). Also the Central Hall (completed 1955). Northfields Underground stationNorthfields1932Grade II Oakwood Underground stationOakwood1932Grade II*With Charles Holloway James. The free-standing station sign is separately listed Grade II Orchestral AssociationLondon1912– Osterley Underground stationOsterley1934Grade IIWith Stanley Heaps Piccadilly Circus Underground stationPiccadilly1928Grade IISub-surface booking hall and concourse beneath the roadway of Piccadilly Circus Rayners Lane Underground stationHarrow1938Grade IIWith Reginald Uren Redbridge Underground stationRedbridge1947Grade II Royal Northern HospitalHolloway1941–Demolished Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear1906–With W. L. Newcombe Royal Westminster Ophthalmic HospitalWestminster1926– St George's Hospital, Hyde Park CornerWestminster––Unbuilt St Luke's HospitalValletta, Malta1939– School of Oriental and African Studies, University of LondonBloomsbury1946Grade II Senate House, University of LondonBloomsbury1937Grade II*Tallest office building in London from 1937 to 1957. Remnant of a much grander unrealised scheme. Shire Hall extensionBedford, Bedfordshire1910Grade IIListed with main building by Alfred Waterhouse Southgate Underground stationSouthgate1932Grade II*Station parade and lamp standards also by Holden separately listed Grade II and Grade II* South Harrow Underground stationSouth Harrow1935– South Wimbledon Underground stationSouth Wimbledon1926Grade II SS Caldedonia, Interiors–1922–Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner SS Cameronia, Interiors–1922–Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner SS Tuscania, Interiors–1922–Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner Sudbury Hill Underground stationSudbury1931Grade II Sudbury Town Underground stationSudbury1931Grade II* Sutton Valence SchoolSutton Valence, Kent1914Grade II Sutton Valence School, ChapelSutton Valence, Kent1928– Tomb of Oscar Wilde, Père Lachaise CemeteryParis, France1912–With Jacob Epstein Tooting Bec Underground stationTooting1926Grade II Tooting Broadway Underground stationTooting1926Grade II Torbay HospitalTorbay, Devon1927– Torbay Hospital ChapelTorbay, Devon1929Grade II Trent Park HouseEnfield1926Grade IINew façades to existing mansion Turnpike Lane Underground stationHarringay1932Grade II Two CottagesOakley, Bedfordshire1905– Two CottagesWoburn, Bedfordshire1907– Uxbridge Underground stationUxbridge1938Grade IIWith Leonard Holcombe Bucknell Victoria HospitalFolkestone, Kent1910–Ward extensions Wanstead Underground stationWanstead1947– Warren Street Underground stationEuston1933–Replacement station building West Ham HospitalWest Ham1907– West Kensington Underground stationWest Kensington1928–New façade and ticket hall Westminster Female RefugeWestminster1902– Westminster Hospital, Clapham CommonClapham––Unbuilt Westminster Underground stationWestminster1924–Replacement side entrance and ticket hall, since demolished Women's Hospital, Soho SquareSoho1908Grade IINew façades and internal redesign of two existing houses WoodcoteAspley Guise, Bedfordshire1914– Wood Green Underground stationWood Green1932Grade II | The Arts and Crafts design for the Belgrave Hospital for Children, Kennington, was inspired by Philip Webb and Henry Wilson. Holden's competition-winning Tudor Revival design for Bristol Central Library was described by Andor Gomme as "one of the great masterpieces of the early Modern Movement". A typical Edwardian façade for the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, carried out with W. L. Newcombe. The series of sculptures commissioned from Jacob Epstein for the British Medical Association Building, Strand, Westminster were highly controversial and calls were made in the newspapers to have them removed. For the Bristol Royal Infirmary, King Edward VII Memorial wing, Holden designed simplified abstract façades of white Portland stone. Clifton College Memorial Arch, Bristol was constructed in a Gothic style using limestone and gritstone to match the college buildings. South Wimbledon station, Merton, demonstrates the modernist glazed "folded screen" design that Holden developed for the seven new stations of the City and South London Railway's extension to Morden. The cruciform plan of the Underground Group's headquarters at 55 Broadway, Westminster, maximised the daylight entering the building without using light wells. It was the first British office building to be planned in this way. European architecture inspired a new style for the Piccadilly line described by Holden as "brick boxes with concrete lids". Sudbury Town station, Sudbury, was the first of these. The single-storey Southgate station, Enfield, features a canopied roof supported on a single central column above a band of clerestory windows that is topped by an illuminated glass and bronze feature. The designs for new buildings for the University of London, Bloomsbury, were gradually revised and cut back due to a shortage of funds. The 19-storey, 210-foot (64 m) tall Senate House is the only part that was completed and was the tallest office building in London for 20 years. |

## Cemeteries

| Holden worked on the designs for 69 cemeteries for the dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC, now the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC)) between 1918 and 1928. Up until 1920, he worked as senior design architect and his designs are thought to include two of the initial cemetery designs built at Forceville and Louvencourt where Reginald Blomfield was named as the principal architect. In 1920, he became one of the four principal architects for the cemeteries on the Western Front. Cemetery Location Identified casualties Note Aubers Ridge British CemeteryAubers, France278 Avesnes-le-Comte Communal Cemetery ExtensionAvesnes-le-Comte, France329 Awoingt British CemeteryAwoingt, France714 Bac-Du-Sud British CemeteryBailleulval, France737 Bapaume Post Military CemeteryAlbert, France229 Bellicourt British CemeteryBellicourt, France892 Bienvillers Military CemeteryBienvillers-au-Bois, France1,198 Boulogne Eastern CemeteryBoulogne, France5,743 Brown's Road Military CemeteryFestubert, France664 Busigny Communal Cemetery ExtensionBusigny, France697 Buttes New British CemeteryZonnebeke, Belgium432 Cambrai East Military CemeteryCambrai, France474 Cambrin Churchyard ExtensionCambrin, France1,304 Cambrin Military CemeteryCambrin, France816 Canada Cemetery, Tilloy-les-CambraiCambrai, France248 Caudry British CemeteryCaudry, France654 Chapelle British CemeteryHolnon, France360 Corbie Communal Cemetery ExtensionCorbie, France918 Cross Roads CemeteryFontaine-au-Bois, France638 Dadizeele New British CemeteryMoorslede, Belgium871 Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 1Doullens, France1,366 Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 2Doullens, France459 Dranoutre Military CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium456 Forceville Communal Cemetery and ExtensionForceville, France308The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden. Gorre British and Indian CemeteryBeuvry, France901 Gouy-en-Artois Communal Cemetery ExtensionGouy-en-Artois, France47 Grand Seraucourt British CemeterySeraucourt-le-Grand, France496 Guards Cemetery, Windy CornerCuinchy, France1,246 Ham British CemeteryMuille-Villette, France267 Highland Cemetery, Le CateauLe Cateau, France560 Honnechy British CemeteryHonnechy, France347 Kandahar Farm CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium435 Le Cateau Military CemeteryLe Cateau, France513 Lancashire Cottage CemeteryComines-Warneton, Belgium265 La Plus Douve Farm CemeteryComines-Warneton, Belgium345 Lindenhoek Chalet Military CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium248 London Rifle Brigade CemeteryComines-Warneton, Belgium343 Louvencourt Military CemeteryLouvencourt, France230The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden. Marcoing British CemeteryMarcoing, France181 Messines Ridge British CemeteryMessines, Belgium577 Montay-Neuvilly Road CemeteryMontay, France418 Naves Communal Cemetery ExtensionNaves, France320 Pargny British CemeteryPargny, France149 Passchendaele New British CemeteryZonnebeke, Belgium501 Poelcapelle British CemeteryLangemark-Poelkapelle, Belgium1,248 Polygon Wood CemeteryZonnebeke, Belgium88Attached to Buttes New British Cemetery Pond Farm CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium297 Post Office Rifles CemeteryFestubert, France128 Premont British CemeteryPrémont, France561 Romeries Communal Cemetery ExtensionRomeries, France703 Rue-des-Berceaux Military CemeteryRichebourg-l'Avoué, France243 St. Aubert British CemeteryAvesnes-les-Aubert, France391 St. Quentin Cabaret Military CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium455 St. Souplet British CemeterySaint-Souplet, France591 St. Vaast Post Military CemeteryRichebourg-l'Avoué, France850 Savy British CemeterySavy, France430 Strand Military CemeteryComines-Warneton, Belgium802 Tancrez Farm CemeteryComines-Warneton, Belgium328 Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied ExtensionTournai, Belgium819 Trefcon British CemeteryTrefcon, France277 Unicorn CemeteryVendhuile, France599 Valenciennes (St. Roch) Communal CemeteryValenciennes, France882 Villers Hill British CemeteryVillers-Guislain, France385 Wailly Orchard CemeteryWailly, France351 Warlincourt Halte British CemeterySaulty, France1,286Some sources list this as a Lutyens cemetery that Holden completed Wimereux Communal CemeteryWimereux, France3,022 Woburn Abbey CemeteryCuinchy, France315 Wulverghem-Lindenhoek Road Military CemeteryHeuvelland, Belgium658 Zantvoorde British CemeteryZantvoorde, Belgium449 | The entrance pavilion at Dadizeele New British Cemetery, Moorslede, Belgium shows the simple style Holden used for the first of his war cemeteries. The Reginald Blomfield designed Cross of Sacrifice is a feature of all IWGC cemeteries. Landscaping and horticulture, seen at Messines Ridge British Cemetery, Messines, Belgium, are key features of all IWGC cemeteries. Edwin Lutyens' Stone of Remembrance features in larger cemeteries. Holden enclosed the irregularly placed graves in the battlefield Cemetery at Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Belgium with a low wall of local stone capped with Portland stone. The grass path links it to the adjacent Buttes New British Cemetery. The extremely simplified Portland stone buildings and memorial at Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium are representative of Holden's later war cemeteries. |

## Memorials

| Holden designed two memorials for the missing dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission between 1920 and 1928. Both are memorials to the missing from the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. They are located in Belgium and are within cemeteries also constructed to his design. Memorial Location Number of missing Note Buttes New British Cemetery (New Zealand) MemorialZonnebeke, Belgium378See also Buttes New British Cemetery Messines Ridge (New Zealand) MemorialMessines, Belgium827See also Messines Ridge British Cemetery | Linked pavilions and colonnades of the New Zealand Memorial, Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium. |