OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helge Tverberg

Helge Arnulf Tverberg (March 6, 1935 – December 28, 2020) was a Norwegian mathematician. He was a professor in the Mathematics Department at the University of Bergen, his speciality being combinatorics; he retired at the mandatory age of seventy.
He was born in Bergen. He took the cand.real. degree at the University of Bergen in 1958, and the dr.philos. degree in 1968. He was a lecturer from 1958 to 1971 and professor from 1971 to his retirement in 2005. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Reading in 1966 and at the Australian National University, in Canberra, from 1980 to 1981, 1987 to 1988 and in 2004. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Tverberg, in 1965, proved a result on intersection patterns of partitions of point configurations that has come to be known as Tverberg's partition theorem. It inaugurated a new branch of combinatorial geometry, with many variations and applications. An account by Günter M. Ziegler of Tverberg's work in this direction appeared in the issue of the Notices of the American Mathematical Society for April, 2011.
# John Shairp (lawyer)

John Schairp of Houston (died 1607) was a Scottish lawyer and businessman.
Schairp studied at the University of St Andrews for the church, but changed careers and became a lawyer. His practice included work for Edinburgh town council and many private clients. He also lent money to aristocrats like John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis.
Houston House is at Uphall in West Lothian. The lands were called Stathbrock when he bought them in 1569. The lands were erected into a barony for Shairp, but he had to defend his ownership of the property from various claimants. Schairp completed a new Houston House which still stands.
He gave a speech in Latin at the Entry of James VI into Edinburgh.
On 12 July 1593 he acted as proxy for John Maitland of Thirlestane and his wife Jean Fleming when they resigned the barony of Musselburgh to Anne of Denmark.
In 1604 he became involved in a commission to re-draft border law preparatory to the projected union between Scotland and England.
He died in 1607.

## Family

John Shairp married firstly, Agnes Moffet. Their children included:
* James Shairp, who was an invalid.
* John Shairp
* Patrick Shairp, Minister of Uphall.
* Anna Shairp, who married William Little.
* Agnes Shairp, who married, secondly, William Hume.
He married secondly Euphemia Acheson, daughter of Alexander Acheson of Gosford, merchant and master of the mint, and Helen Reid, and sister of Mark Acheson of Acheson's Haven. Their children included:
* Alexander Shairp, (d. 1604) while studying at Poitiers.
* Andrew Shairp
* William Shairp
* Euphemia Shairp
* Isobel Shairp, who married Robert Dunbar of Burgie.
* Helen Shairp
He married thirdly Margaret Collace in 1591. She brought lands at Kinloss, Muirton, and Findhorn and salmon fishing rights in pools called the Stells and Yairs. Schairp disputed their rights to these properties with Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss. When they building at Houston, Margaret Collace wrote to Shairp's secretary in Edinburgh asking about customary payments for the masons. They had asked for "morning and afternoon's drink", probably a reference to "drinksilver".
# Hippospongia

Hippospongia is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Spongiidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

The following species are accepted within Hippospongia:
* Hippospongia ammata de Laubenfels, 1954
* Hippospongia anfractuosa (Carter, 1885)
* Hippospongia canaliculata (Lendenfeld, 1886)
* Hippospongia cerebrum Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia communis (Lamarck, 1814)
* Hippospongia cylindrica Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia densa Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia derasa Ridley, 1884
* Hippospongia elastica Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia fistulosa Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia galea (Lendenfeld, 1886)
* Hippospongia gossypina (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
* Hippospongia lachne (Laubenfels, 1936)
* Hippospongia laxa Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia massa Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia mauritiana (Hyatt, 1877)
* Hippospongia micropora (Lendenfeld, 1889)
* Hippospongia mollissima (Lendenfeld, 1889)
* Hippospongia multicia Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994
* Hippospongia nigra (Lendenfeld, 1886)
* Hippospongia osculata Lendenfeld, 1889
* Hippospongia pacifica (Hyatt, 1877)
* Hippospongia seposita Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994
* Hippospongia typica Lendenfeld, 1889
# Pronsky Uyezd

Pronsky Uyezd (Пронский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Ryazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Pronsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Pronsky Uyezd had a population of 109,755. Of these, 99.9% spoke Russian as their native language.
# Manganui River (Northland)

New Zealand's largest Manganui River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It follows a generally westward course from its sources west of Ruakaka before its outflow into the Wairoa River 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Dargaville. The river's lower course is noted for its convoluted, winding path through low-lying swampy terrain, and several oxbow lakes are associated with this stretch of the river.
# Ray Lewis (disambiguation)

Ray Lewis (born 1975) is an American former professional football player.
Ray Lewis may also refer to:
* Ray Lewis (referee) (born 1944), former English association football referee
* Ray Lewis (sprinter) (1910–2003), Canadian sprinter and the first Canadian-born black Olympic medalist
* Ray Lewis (youth worker) (1963–2024), British politician, deputy mayor of London
* Ray Lewis, American rhythm and blues singer and member of The Drifters
# Montserrat Township, Johnson County, Missouri

Montserrat Township is an inactive township in Johnson County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Montserrat Township was established in 1890, taking its name from the community of Montserrat, Missouri.
# Wol

Wol, WoL or WOL may refer to:

## Computing

* Wake-on-LAN, (/wɒl/) an Ethernet standard that allows computers to be powered on by a network message
* An unofficial initialism for Web Ontology Language
* .wol, file extension for the WOLF eBook file format
* World Online, a defunct European internet service provider

## Computer games

* War of Legends, (/wɒl/) a fantasy real-time strategy game published by Jagex Games Studio
* Warhammer Online, abbreviation used internally by Games Workshop staff
* StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty
* Westwood Online, multi-player game mode by Westwood Studios, superseded by XWIS

## Transport

* Shellharbour Airport, Wollongong, Australia IATA code
* Wood Lane tube station, London Underground station code

## Other uses

* Owl (Winnie the Pooh), character in the Winnie the Pooh stories, who spells his name "Wol"
* Wide outside lane, in bicycle transportation engineering
* Within Our Lifetime, a pro-Palestinian activist organization
* Wol, the main character of Mobius Final Fantasy
* WOL (AM), a radio station in Washington, D.C.
# German snorkeling badge

The German snorkeling badge is a badge awarded for proficiency in snorkeling. It functions as a preparation for scuba diving certification courses. The badge is awarded either by the DLRG or the Wasserwacht of the German Red Cross.

## Requirements

Requirements by the DLRG:

### Prerequisites

* At least 12 years old
* Medical fitness for diving
* Completion of rescue swimming badge in bronze

### Written test

* Written exam
* Proficiency in hand gestures

### Swim test

* 600 meter swim with fins (3 different strokes)
* 200 meter swim with one fin
* 30 meter underwater swim on one breath
* Holding breath under water for 30 seconds
* Taking off mask, putting mask back on under water
* Diving to depth of three meters three times in one minute
* Combination of:
** 50 meter swim with fins, diving to 3-5 meter depth and retrieving a 5 kg ring
** Pulling a partner for 50 meters
** 3 minutes of demonstrating CPR
# John Shakespear

John Shakespear (August 1774 – 1858) was an orientalist and professor of Hindustani.
John Shakespear was born in Lount, Leicestershire, in August 1774, the son of a poor farmer. He was educated at the parish school at Staunton Harold and then at a school kept by a clergyman, who brought him to the notice of Francis Rawdon-Hastings. Lord Rawdon sent young Shakespeare to London to study Arabic under John Richardson. From 1805 to 1809 Shakespear held an orientalist professorship at the Royal Military College, Marlow. In 1809 he was appointed professor of Hindustani at Addiscombe Military Seminary and held the professorship until his retirement in 1829 with a pension of £300 per annum.
Shakespear's A Hindustani Grammar (1813) was published as a condensed grammar to replace John B. Gilchrist's A Grammar of Hindoostanee Language (1796), which had gone out of print.
In retirement he bought Langley Priory in Leicestershire. Believing that he might be descended from a branch of William Shakespeare's family, John Shakespear in 1856 gave £2,500 to the trustees of the fund for preserving Shakespeare's Birthplace at Stratford-upon-Avon. He died unmarried in 1858 and his estate was inherited by his nephew, Charles Bowles, who took the surname Shakespear. His memorial is on the north wall of the chancel at St Michael and All Angels' Church, Diseworth.
In 1835 H. P. Briggs painted Shakespear's portrait, which was at Langley Priory for many years.

## Selected publications

* Hindustani Grammar, 1813; 4th edition, 1843; 6th edition, 1855.
* Dictionary of Hindustani and English, 1817; 3rd edition, 1834; to the fourth edition of 1849 was added an English-Hindustani Dictionary.
* Muntakhabat-i-Hindi, Selections in Hindustani, 1817–18.
* Introduction to the Hindustani Language, 1845.
# Hipposideros pendleburyi

Pendlebury's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It was previously considered a subspecies of H. turpis, but has now been raised to full species level. It is endemic to Thailand and is found in limestone karst areas.
It is a large bat, with a forearm length of 75–81 mm (3.0–3.2 in) and a weight of 24–40 g (0.85–1.41 oz).

## Taxonomy

It was previously considered a subspecies of H. turpis, along with H. alongensis, but has now been raised to full species level.

## Description

The bat is large, with dark brown fur. The anterior nose leaf does not cover the muzzle, and it has 4 lateral leaflets, with the outer one being very small. The posterior nose leaf is thickened and narrower than the median nose leaf with weak swellings behind it.
It has a forearm length of 75–81 mm (3.0–3.2 in) and a weight of 24–40 g (0.85–1.41 oz).

## Biology
### Echolocation

The echolocation frequency of this species is 85–88 kHz.

## Habitat and distribution

The species is found in the Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Sithammarat, Phang Nga, Krabi, Trang and Phattalung provinces of Thailand. It roosts in limestone caves with colonies of 3-800 individuals. It was also observed sharing caves with other bat species such as Hipposideros armiger, H. larvatus, H. diadema, Megaderma lyra, and Eonycteris spelaea.

## Conservation

The bat is assessed as vulnerable by the IUCN. It is estimated to have a total population of 4,700 individuals, with colonies varying from 3-800 individuals. The population is fragmented across 14 caves. The population is in continuing decline, mostly due to habitat disturbance.
The species is on the national list of protected fauna, however, most of the species roosts lie outside a protected area.
The species roosts in limestone caves surrounded by rubber, oil palm plantations, or temples and villages. The roosts face disturbance from limestone quarrying and other human activity.
# John Jackson (jockey)

John Jackson (1768 - 1839) was an eight-time St Leger-winning jockey and the leading jockey in Northern England around the turn of the 19th century. He is the jockey with the second most wins in the history of the Doncaster classic, joint with Lester Piggott and behind only John Scott.

## Career

He started out as an apprentice to Mr Burdon at Stainton-in-Cleveland. Later he was associated with the successful Middleham trainer John Mangle, riding at a weight of 7 stone, 7 pounds.
He won his first St Leger in 1791 on Young Traveller and followed up in 1794 (Beningbrough), 1796 (Ambrosio), 1798 (Symmetry) and 1805 (Staveley)
He won the 1813 St Leger on the T Sykes-trained, R Watt-owned Altisidora and the 1815 edition on Filho da Puta. But things went wrong when trying to win an eighth on Blacklock. Described as a true distance horse, with a huge stride, "requiring a half-mile to settle it", Blacklock was a strong fancy for the race. Sykes instructed Jackson to "ride him as thou lik'st, only lay thee hands down, and let him stride along, and he'll distance the lot". True to form, at the distance post, Blacklock had a three length lead. Sykes called Jackson to steady him, "thou hast it all thy own way", but the call was heard by the jockey on his rival Ebor, who moved into Blacklock's blind spot and came past him to win by a head.
Sykes was allegedly enraged by Jackson's riding, and eventually succeeded in having him dismissed from Watt's service, although in reality it was Sykes' call that had cost Blacklock the win. Jackson and Sykes now hated each other, Jackson blaming Sykes for the loss of his job. Jackson turned to drink and his behaviour became increasingly erratic. One night, after drinking heavily at Catterick Bridge, he stepped outside the inn to fight Sykes, but was so drunk he mistakenly ended up fighting a passing chimney sweep instead.
He won a further St Leger after this incident - on Theodore in 1822 - but by 1823 he was "no longer employable" and went into retirement. His St Leger victories were described as "a circumstance unparalleled among jockeys" and his career was said to have eclipsed that of "one of the oldest, best, and ... most successful of the northern jockeys", Robert Johnson.
On retiring, he first bought the Racecourse Farm at Allerton, then became landlord of the Black Swan Inn in the town. He was generous with his friends and died, virtually penniless, in Allerton on 5 August 1839.
Jackson fathered 12 children.

## Major wins

Great Britain
* St Leger Stakes - (8) - Young Traveller (1791), Beningbrough (1794), Ambrosio (1796), Symmetry (1798), Staveley (1805), Altisidora (1813), Filho da Puta (1815), Theodore (1822)
# Gabriel Amavizca

Gabriel Amavizca Ortiz (born January 11, 1993) is a Mexican professional gridiron football placekicker for the Mexicas de la Ciudad de México of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA). He played college football at UDLAP, Universidad Madero and BUAP.
In June 2019, Amavizca became the first CFL global player ever to score points in a regular season match.

## Early years

Amavizca was born in Hermosillo, Sonora, but moved to Puebla when he was eight years old. He started playing gridiron football at the age of 11, after practicing other sports such as baseball, tennis and association football. In high school, he received a scholarship to play football at the ITESM Puebla.

## College career

Amavizca first enrolled in the UDLAP's college football program, the Aztecas, where he played for the 2013 season and won the CONADEIP championship. In 2014, he played for the Universidad Madero Tigres Blancos (White Tigers). After retiring for one season due to personal motives, he came back and played his last two college years for the BUAP, where he also earned a major in Business Administration.

## Professional career

Amavizca played for the Artilleros de Puebla of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional for the 2019 season He became the first Artilleros player to score points.
He was selected by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers at the 2019 CFL-LFA Draft as the team's third pick (26th overall). Amavizca attended the training camp with the Blue Bombers, but was released by the team on June 8, 2019 during the pre-season. Three days later, on June 11, he was signed by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
On June 22, 2019, Amavizca became the first global player to score points in a CFL regular season game kicking two converts during his team's 64–14 win over the Toronto Argonauts. He dressed in the first seven games of the season before being placed on the team's practice roster. He ended the 2019 season on the practice roster and was released at the end of the year.
In December 2021, Amavizca signed with the Reyes de Jalisco ahead of the 2022 LFA season.
# Programmed Maintenance

Programmed Maintenance Services Limited, also known as Programmed is a Japanese Labour hire and Recruitment company, specialising in blue-collar services. It is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. Programmed is a wholly owned subsidiary of Persol Holdings, a human resource conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo.

## Corporate history

Programmed Maintenance Services originated as a business named 'Miles Paint Service' in 1951. It was founded as an Australian company, headquartered in Perth.
In 1999, Programmed was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) under the ticker (PRG).
In 2015, Programmed acquired Skilled Group, for $650M. The acquisition resulted in financial troubles for the company.
Programmed was acquired by Persol Holdings (Japan's largest labour hire corporation), in 2017 for $778M. Following this acquisition, Programmed was delisted from the ASX.

## Controversies
### Carlton & United Breweries dispute

In 2016, a major industrial dispute arose at Carlton & United Breweries' (CUB) Abbotsford plant, after workers at the facility were told that their de jure employer would become a subsidiary of Programmed. This resulted in a strike after it was proposed that applicable enterprise bargaining agreement at the workplace would have a significantly lower rate than previously; with a wage only 50 cents above the applicable Industrial award.
The controversy heightened when it was realized that the agreement had been established in 2014, by a subsidiary of Programmed named Catalyst Services; and was voted upon by just three casual workers at the time.
Most of the workers at the facility refused to sign onto their new employment contracts under those conditions, and began a picketing campaign that lasted 6 months. In December 2016, an agreement was reached between the Electrical Trades Union of Australia and CUB resolving the dispute.

## Sponsorships

In 2009, Programmed became a major sponsor of Fremantle Football Club, being featured on the teams Away Guernseys.
# Mangatokerau River

The Mangatokerau River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southeast to meet the Uawa River, which it joins 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the latter's Tolaga Bay mouth.
# Rau Assembly constituency

Rau Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

## Overview

Rau Assembly constituency is one of the 8 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Indore district which comes under Indore (Lok Sabha constituency). Constituency includes Rau, Ralamandal, Piplya Patwari, Palda, Bicholi Hapsi and suburb of Indore city.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 2008 | Jitu Jirati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | Jitu Patwari | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Jitu Patwari | Indian National Congress |
| 2023 | Madhu Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Rau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Madhu Verma | 151,672 | 55.42 |
| | INC | Jitu Patwari | 116,150 | 42.44 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,104 | 0.77 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 35,522 | 12.98 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,73,657 | N/A |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |

### 2013

2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Rau :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Jitu Patwari | 91,885 | 54.10 | |
| | BJP | Jitu Jirati | 73,326 | 43.17 | |
| | BSP | Prem Singh Gurjar (Captain) | 1908 | 1.20 | N/A |
| | Independent | Anand Omprakash Bhatia | 486 | 0.29 | |
| | Independent | Anil Jitu Jiratee | 431 | 0.25 | |
| | SP | Sanny | 247 | 0.15 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2697 | 1.59 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 169848 | 73.25 | |
| | Swing to INC from BJP | Swing to INC from BJP | Swing | | |
# Monument of Ten Commandments

The Monument of Ten Commandments is an architectural complex in Ukraine opened in honor of the 15th anniversary of the Kryvyi Rih Eparchy.
The complex is set in Dzerzhinsk area in the park near Technical University, at the intersection of Kostenko and XXII Partsezda Streets. The ensemble consists of 8 granite slabs in the form of clay tablets. Their size gradually and proportionally decreases from the center to the edges. Moses' Ten Commandments are inscribed on two central plates, arranged like an open book.
# Witiko (novel)

Witiko is a historical novel by Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter about the founding of the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 12th-century. Published in several volumes from 1865 to 1867, Witiko takes its name from its protagonist, the knight Witiko of Prčice, father of the Vítkovci dynasty. His descendants would come to play such an important role at the Prague royal court that they were called "the real lords of the kingdom."
# German submarine U-3035

German submarine U-3035 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 11 November 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen as yard number 1194. She was launched on 24 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ernst-August Gerke on 1 March 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3035 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3035 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Service history

On 9 May 1945, U-3035 surrendered at Stavanger, Norway. She was later transferred to Scapa Flow, Scotland on 31 May 1945, arriving on 2 June 1945, then to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 2 June 1945, arriving on 4 June 1945.

## Post war service

The Tripartite Naval Commission allocated U-3035 to the Soviet Union. On 14 December 1945, she arrived in Libau, Latvia, as British N-class N28. On 13 February 1946, the Soviet Navy allocated her to the Baltic Fleet. She was renamed B-28 on 9 June 1949 then sent to the reserve fleet on 29 December 1955. B-28 was redesignated on 18 January 1956, as a floating submarine battery recharging station PZS-34. She was finally struck from the Soviet Navy on 25 March 1958, and broken up for scrap.
# John Shairp

John Shairp may refer to:
* John Shairp (lawyer), Scottish lawyer and businessman
* John Campbell Shairp, Scottish critic and man of letters