OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R (National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Businesses Ltd) v Inland Revenue Commissioners

R (NFSE) v IRC [1982] AC 617 is a UK constitutional law case, concerning judicial review.

## Facts

The NFSE, a group of taxpayers, claimed the Inland Revenue Commissioners rules for levying tax on casual wages for Fleet Street newspaper staff, was unlawful. For many years, employees had given fictitious names to evade tax. The IRC agreed with employers and unions on a tax collection scheme for future years, and the previous two years in return for an undertaking by the IRC not to investigate earlier years. The NFSE argued they never got such favour, and argued the scheme was unlawful. It sought mandamus ordering the IRC to collect tax as required by law.
The Court of Appeal held the NFSE had sufficient interest in the matter for the application to be heard, and assumed the scheme was unlawful.

## Judgment

The Appellate Committee of the House of Lords held by a majority (Lord Wilberforce, Lord Fraser and Lord Roskill) that the NFSE did not have a sufficient interest in challenging decisions concerning other taxpayers, and nor did taxpayers generally in others affairs, unlike ratepayers (Arsenal FC v Ende [1979] AC 1). The question of sufficient interest had to be resolved in relation to what was known by the court of the matter under review, and on the evidence the tax scheme was a lawful exercise of the IRC's discretion.
Lord Fraser stressed the sufficient interest test was a logically prior question that had to be answered before any question of merits arose.
Lord Diplock dissented, holding the NFSE had sufficient interest but the case failed on its merits.
Lord Scarman disagreed with the majority, adopting a broader approach to standing but holding that the NFSE did not have a sufficient interest because they did not have an arguable case.
# RNA ligase (ATP)

In enzymology, an RNA ligase (ATP) (EC 6.5.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + (ribonucleotide)n + (ribonucleotide)m $\rightleftharpoons$ AMP + diphosphate + (ribonucleotide)n$^+$m. Their three substrates are ATP, (ribonucleotide)n and (ribonucleotide)m, and their three products are AMP, diphosphate and (ribonucleotide)n+m.
These enzymes belong to the family of ligases, specifically those forming phosphoric-ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is poly(ribonucleotide):poly(ribonucleotide) ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include polyribonucleotide synthase (ATP), RNA ligase, polyribonucleotide ligase and ribonucleic ligase.
As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1VDX and 2C5U.
# Quintus Fabius Maximus (consul 213 BC)

Quintus Fabius Maximus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 213 BC. He was the son of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, the famous dictator who invented Fabian strategy, and served with his father during the Second Punic War.
The younger Fabius was a military tribune in 216 BC, and was among the survivors of the Battle of Cannae who ended up at Canusium. In 215, he was curule aedile. As praetor in 214, he commanded two legions with which he captured Acuca in Luceria as well as a fortified camp near Ardoneae.
As consul for the following year, he took over his father's command of the army in Apulia and recaptured Arpi. He seems to have remained in Arpi with a few troops as a legatus, a legate or lieutenant, in 212 BC. In 209–208, he was serving still or again as a legatus during his father's fifth consulship. The elder Fabius sent him to recover the survivors of the army under Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus, who had been killed in a surprise attack by Hannibal in 210. They accompanied him to Sicily, where Fabius took over the legions and fleet assigned to the proconsul Marcus Valerius Laevinus. In 208, he was sent by the senate to the army at Venusia. He may have been the envoy of the consul Marcus Livius Salinator in 207 who reported to the senate that it was safe to withdraw the consular army from Cisalpine Gaul.
# Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus

Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, was a Roman statesman and general who was elected consul in 121 BC. During his consulship he fought against the Arverni and the Allobroges whom he defeated in 120 BC. He was awarded a triumph and the agnomen Allobrogicus for his victory over the Gauls.

## Career

Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus was the son of Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, the Roman consul of 145 BC, and a member of the patrician gens Fabia. His first appearance was during the elections for quaestor in 134 BC; he was recommended to the voters as a candidate by his biological uncle Scipio Aemilianus, and after Allobrogicus was elected, Scipio took him as his quaestor to Hispania Citerior where they fought in the Second Numantine War. While there, Allobrogicus was placed in charge of 4,000 volunteers.
By 124 BC, he had been elected to the office of praetor, since in 123 BC, he was appointed propraetor (governor) of one of the Hispanias (Citerior or Ulterior). Whilst there, he was censured by the Senate, following a motion by Gaius Gracchus, for extorting gifts of grain from a Spanish town. Then in 121 BC, he was elected consul alongside Lucius Opimius. During his consulship, he campaigned in Gallia Transalpina (in the modern day Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes regions) with Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus against the Gallic tribes of the Allobroges and Arverni. After his consulship expired, he replaced Domitius Ahenobarbus as proconsul in Gaul (120 BC), during which time he completed the defeat of the Allobroges and Arverni. For this he was awarded the honour of a triumph and given the agnomen Allobrogicus. The triumph he held was famous for its spectacle, including the captive Arvernian king Bituitus in his silver battle armor. From the plunder of the Auvergne, Fabius erected the Fornix Fabianus (121 BC) crossing the Via Sacra at the Forum Romanum, placing a statue of himself on top of the arch.
In 113 BC, he may have been the Quintus Fabius who was the leader of an embassy sent to Crete to help end some internal disputes between various cities on the island. Then in 108 BC, either he or Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus was appointed to the office of Censor.
He was a known orator and a man of letters. Upon the death of his blood uncle Scipio Aemilianus in 129 BC, Fabius presented a banquet to the citizenry of Rome and pronounced the funeral oration of the deceased general. He had at least one son, also named Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, who was notorious for his vices. His grandson was Quintus Fabius Maximus.
# Raceway pond

A raceway pond is a shallow artificial pond used in the cultivation of algae.
The pond is divided into a rectangular grid, with each rectangle containing one channel in the shape of an oval, like an automotive raceway circuit. From above, many ponds look like a maze. Each rectangle contains a paddle wheel to make the water flow continuously around the circuit.
The Department of Energy's Aquatic Species Program experimented with raceway ponds for the cultivation of algae. Many commercial producers of spirulina still use raceway ponds as their primary method of cultivation. Raceway ponds were used for removal of lead from waste water using biosorption by Spirulina (Arthospira) sp.
# Rabaraba

Rabaraba is a coastal village in Milne Bay Province on the southeastern coast of Papua New Guinea. It overlooks Goodenough Bay, and the Uga River flows into the bay to the south of the village.

## History

In Papua mythology, Rabaraba was a feather with magical powers. The name means "far, far away".
Rabaraba and the surrounding area was affected by Cyclone Guba in November 2007, which caused flooding, destroying about 30 houses and forcing over 100 people to evacuate their homes.

## Demographics

Eight Dagan languages, classified as non-Austronesian, are spoken in the mountains of the region. The largest is the Gwedena language, which was spoken by about 2100 people in 1990.

## Economy

Agriculture is predominant in the area, with Rabaraba being well irrigated. large alluvial fans along streams divert the water into ditches. The locals around Milne Bay are adept at woodcarving, with abstract designs of birds particularly common.
Milne Bay Highway, connecting Rabaraba with Alotau, Dogura, and Agaun commenced construction in April 1973. By the end of 1973, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) of the road had been built in the northwest around Giligili.

## Landmarks

A rural health centre was in place in Rabaraba by the mid 1960s. The village is served by Rabaraba Airport, which offers flights to Gurney.
# Rabasa Cycles

Rabasa Cycle is a Spanish bicycles company, headquartered in Mollet del Vallès (Barcelona, Catalonia). The company, which started as a bicycle repair shop in 1922, was founded by Simeó Rabasa i Singla.

## History

The first Rabasa bicycle shop opens to the public in 1922. Founded by Simeó Rabasa i Singla, its business activities originally consist of the sale, rental and repair of bicycles. Three years later, Rabasa enters into partnership with his brother in law, Vicens Solà, and within a few years they manage to open twenty-one bicycle sales and rental branches throughout the Vallès region in Barcelona, Spain. The company introduces sale on credit without interest and promotes bicycling classes for women.
In 1930, Rabasa and Solà separate and, one year later, Rabasa opens a new shop in the municipality of Martorelles (Barcelona). The new building allows him to manufacture fenders and specialize in the production of frames and accessories. During the Spanish Civil War, production is greatly reduced due to the difficulty of supplying the factory. Later during the war, the factory is confiscated by the Republican Government for use in the repair of military airplane engines.
After the civil war, production resumes. In 1944 Simeó Rabasa i Singla creates a corporation with his brother, Josep Rabasa i Singla, called Bicicletas Rabasa. From then on, the company adds the production of motorcycle components to the existing bicycle business.
In 1950 Bicicletas Rabasa transforms into Nacional Motor S.A. and launches the first Derbi motorcycle (acronym comes from the expression « derived from bicycle») in the Barcelona Exhibition Fair. The company is hence known as Rabasa Derbi. In 1970 the company is divided into two separate companies. Bicycle production remains under the direction of Margarita Rabasa (daughter of Simeó Rabasa i Singla) and Dante Adami, who found a new bicycle manufacturing plant in the municipality of Mollet del Vallès. The new plant occupies 26,000 square meters. They produce nearly two million bicycles until 1996, when the plant closes its doors.
In 2011, Albert Adami Rabasa resumes the business with Rabasa Cycle. The company focuses on the production of urban bicycles.
* Old Rabasa Bicicletas factory in Mollet del Vallès.
* Rabasa Corsa Model.
* Competition Rabasa Panther bikes.

## Historic models
### Panther BMX

The BMX bicycles in this series were sold in the 1980s. The Rabasa Derbi BMX team took home 4 world championship titles and 9 domestic championship titles, across several categories of competition. Rabasa Derbi riders competed with Panther BMX bikes.

### Lady y Hollyday

In its early years as a repair and rental shop, Rabasa promoted riding classes for women. Later as a bicycle manufacturer, Rabasa designed and built various models for women and girls. Among these were the Rabasa Lady and the Rabasa Holiday.

### Cross-Jet

The Panther Cross-Jet BMX was a big hit with the adolescent market in the 1980s. It was known for its disc brakes and other innovative available options. This model was used in several domestic and world BMX championships.
# Populars' Coordination

The Populars for the Constituent Assembly of the Centre (Popolari per la Costituente di Centro), later Populars' Coordination – Daisy for the Constituent Assembly of the Centre (Coordinamento Popolari – Margherita per la Costituente di Centro), was a Christian-democratic political party in Italy active in Campania, Italy. It was led by Ciriaco de Mita.
The Populars' party was one of the main constituent parties of the Union of the Centre in 2008, along with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and the White Rose.

## History

The party was founded in 2008 by Ciriaco De Mita, following the controversy with Walter Veltroni's Democratic Party about the lack of his candidacy in the 2008 general election. Consequentially, he stood as a candidate for the Union of the Centre (UdC) for the Senate in the 2008 general election. In the event he failed election, but, one year later, he managed to win a seat in the European Parliament for the UdC in the Southern constituency.
The party later merged with Clemente Mastella's UDEUR nucleus from Campania to give life to the Populars' Coordination – Daisy for the Constituent Assembly of the Centre (Coordinamento Popolari – Margherita per la Costituente di Centro).
The party took different names at the provincial level. In the province of Avellino, De Mita's heartland, the group in the provincial council was named The Populars – The Daisy for the Constituent Assembly of the Centre (I Popolari – La Margherita per la Costituente di Centro). In the province of Caserta the party was instead called Populars and Democrats for the Constituent Assembly of the Centre (Popolari e Democratici per la Costituente di Centro) or, simply, Democratic Populars (Popolari Democratici).
In the summer of 2008, the provincial councilors of Avellino belonging to the Populars (in contrast to the decision to entrust two departments of the provincial government to the Democratic Party) signed their resignations together with the centre-right councilors, effectively defying the provincial government chaired by Alberta De Simone. The provincial government was subsequently submitted to a commissioner.
# Willem Albert Wagenaar

Willem Albert Wagenaar (30 June 1941 in Utrecht – 27 April 2011) was a Dutch psychologist noted for his work on the reliability of memory. He gained fame as an expert witness in some high-profile legal cases.

## Life and work

Wagenaar studied experimental psychology at Utrecht University, where he obtained his doctorandus degree cum laude in Social Sciences in 1965. On 19 January 1972, he obtained a PhD degree in Social Sciences at the Leiden University. His thesis at Leiden, called "Sequential Response Bias. A study on choice and chance", was sponsored by Professor John P. van de Geer. From 1973 to 1974 Wagenaar received a Fulbright grant to act as a visiting professor at Pennsylvania State University.
Wagenaar was then head of the psychology department from 1974 to 1985 at the Institute for Perception TNO at Soesterberg, The Netherlands. Wagenaar was also an experimental psychology professor at Leiden University from 1982 to 1985. Wagenaar received a tenured position at Leiden University in 1985, a position he held until retirement. While at Leiden University, Wagenaar would also serve as faculty dean and Rector Magnificus from 1997 until 2001. Starting in 2004 Wagenaar worked as a psychology of law professor at Utrecht University - he gave a course on "Psychology in the Courtroom" at University College Utrecht. He retired in 2009.
Wagenaar was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991.
On 17 January 2013, the Prof. Dr. W.A. Wagenaar foundation was founded, initiated by Professor Corine de Ruiter. The foundation is part of the Limburg University Fund and is intended to support the Masters in Forensic Psychology at Maastricht University.

### Expert witness

Wagenaar was called as an expert witness at a series of high-profile cases. These included the trial of John Demjanjuk who was accused of being the Nazi war criminal known as Ivan the Terrible. Wagenaar was also an expert in the "Yolanda van B. case", a much publicised Dutch incest trial. In these cases his testimony focused on the reliability or other aspects of eye witness memory.

### Magic Lanterns

Wagenaar was an enthusiast for and passionate collector of magic lanterns. He was so fond of the lanterns that he built a home theater for them and wrote an academic article on their origins.

## Selected publications

* Wagenaar, Willem Albert. Sequential response bias: A study on choice and chance. Diss. Bronder-Offset, 1972.
* Wagenaar, Willem Albert. Paradoxes of gambling behaviour. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1988.
* Wagenaar, Willem Albert. Identifying Ivan: A case study in legal psychology. Harvard University Press, 1988.
* Wagenaar, Willem Albert, Henricus Florentine Maria Crombag, and H. F. M. Crombag. The popular policeman and other cases: Psychological perspectives on legal evidence. Amsterdam University Press, 2005.
Articles, a selection:
* Wagenaar, Willem Albert. "The True Inventor of the Magic Lantern: Kircher, Walgenstein or Huygens?." Janus Leiden 56.1-2-3 (1979): 193-207.
# Mikko Kouki

Mikko Kouki (born 14 September 1967) is a Finnish actor, theatre director and screenwriter. He has appeared in more than thirty films since 1986.

## Early life and education

Kouki comes from a family of actors, including his father, Tapio Kouki [fi], his aunt Marja-Leena Kouki [fi] and his uncle Juhani Kouki [fi]. The actor and singer Samuli Edelmann is his cousin. He attended Kallio High School [fi] in Helsinki. He graduated from University of the Arts Helsinki in Theatre Arts in 1991, but did not find the course a good preparation for work.

## Career

Kouki was the first director of Linnateatteri [fi] in Turku, from 2003 to 2012. He went on to direct the Oulu City Theatre between 2012 and 2014. He led the restoration of Turku City Theatre, and is its director.
He has won two Jussi Awards: best screenplay for Frozen City and best supporting actor for Man Exposed, both films released in 2006 and given Jussi Awards in 2007.

## Personal life

Kouki is married to the writer Niina Repo [fi]. They live in Turku and have two children.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title |
| 2013 | 8-pallo |
| 2012 | Naked Harbour |
| 2008 | Blackout |
| 2007 | Joulutarina |
| 2005 | Beauty and the Bastard |
| 2005 | Frozen Land |
| 2002 | Lovers & Leavers |
TV :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1993 | Underworld Trilogy | | |
# Rebecca Chambers (disambiguation)

Rebecca Chambers is a fictional character in the Resident Evil media franchise.
Rebecca or Becky Chambers may also refer to:
* Becky Chambers (born 1985), American author of science fiction novels
* Rebecca Chambers (pianist) (born 1975), Australian concert pianist and the 1996 winner the Young Australian of the Year Award
* Rebecca Ballard Chambers (1858–1920), newspaper editor-in-chief and temperance leader
* Rebecca Chambers (born 1970), Canadian pole vaulter who competed in the 1999 Pan American Games
# Live at CBGB's 1984

Live at CBGB's 1984 is a live album by American crossover thrash band D.R.I., released in 2005. It features a live performance of the band at the famous music venue CBGB in New York City.
The audio of the performance is very raw, and the quality drops significantly in the recording at around track 32

## Track listing

* I Don't Need Society 01:32
* Reaganomics 00:33
* Commuter Man 00:47
* Plastique 00:17
* Why 00:14
* Balance of Terror 00:55
* My Fate to Hate 00:21
* Who Am I 00:29
* Money Stinks 00:41
* Human Waste 00:19
* Yes Ma'am 01:39
* Dennis' Problem 00:47
* Closet Punk 00:38
* How to Act 01:01
* Give My Taxes Back 00:47
* Equal People 00:41
* On My Way Home 00:51
* Bail Out 00:46
* Snap 01:03
* The Explorer 01:29
* Slit My Wrists 00:20
* Stupid War 00:59
* Counter Attack 00:14
* I'd Rather Be Sleeping 01:15
* Running Around 01:07
* Couch Slouch 01:23
* To Open Closed Doors 00:30
* God Is Broke 01:14
* Soup Kitchen 01:50
* Sad to Be 01:57
* War Crimes 01:03
* Busted 00:53
* Draft Me 00:22
* First Round Draft Choice 00:29
* Capitalists Suck 00:32
* Mad Man 01:13
* Misery Loves Company 00:41
* No Sense 01:34
* Blockhead 01:46
* Violent Pacification 04:03

## Personnel

* Kurt Brecht – vocals
* Spike Cassidy – guitars
* Josh Pappe – bass
* Eric Brecht – drums
# Axinidris murielae

Axinidris murielae is a species of ant in the genus Axinidris. Described by Shattuck in 1991, the species is endemic to several African countries, where they inhabit forests.
# Moonlight Sonata (disambiguation)

Moonlight Sonata is the popular name for the Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor "Quasi una fantasia", Op. 27, No. 2 by Ludwig van Beethoven.
Moonlight Sonata may also refer to:
* Moonlight Sonata (EP), a 2012 EP from American rock band The Human Abstract
* Moonlight Sonata (film), a 1937 British film
* The Moonlight Sonata (film), a 1988 Finnish film
* Moonlight Sonata: Deafness in Three Movements, a 2019 documentary film directed by Irene Taylor Brodsky
* Operation Moonlight Sonata, a code name for the Coventry Blitz
# Itzel Ríos de la Mora

Itzel Sarahí Ríos de la Mora (born 31 August 1978) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. She served as Senator of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Colima, and previously served in the LVI Legislature of the Congress of Colima.
# Radical Connector

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim! | unfavorable |
| Pitchfork | 8.1/10 |
| PopMatters | mixed |
| Stylus Magazine | C+ |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
Radical Connector is a studio album by German electronica duo Mouse on Mars. It was released in 2004. It features vocal contributions from Dodo Nkishi and Niobe.

## Critical reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Radical Connector received an average score of 75% based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Heather Phares of AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5, saying: "This may not be Mouse on Mars' most ambitious album, but it's among the group's most successful -- it's not at all difficult to feel a connection to this truly intelligent dance music." Mark Richardson of Pitchfork gave the album an 8.1 out of 10, describing it as "Mouse on Mars' most conventional album" and "their most predictable in structure." Meanwhile, Kareem Estefan of Stylus Magazine gave the album a grade of C+, saying: "Even if it doesn't advance from Idiology as much as its lengthy development might imply, Radical Connector proves that ten years into the game, Jan St. Werner and Andi Toma still have no intention to repeat themselves."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Jan St. Werner – words, music, production
* Andi Toma – words, music, production
* Jupp Götz – choir (1)
* Dodo Nkishi – words (1, 2, 5, 7, 8)
* Niobe – words (3, 4, 6, 9)
# Option Lock

Option Lock is an original novel written by Justin Richards and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor and Sam.

## Synopsis

The Doctor and Sam land in present-day England on the ancestral home of the Silver family. However, the house holds clues to a dangerous centuries-old society and something that drove a man to suicide. Unravelling this will take Sam and the Doctor through time and space to save Earth from nuclear fire.