OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Münzesheim

Münzesheim is a part of the town Kraichtal in the district of Karlsruhe in northwestern of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Geography

Münzesheim lies in the hills of the Kraichgau on the flat end of left slope of the Kraichbachvalley. The district area is 11.80 km$^2$.

## History

828 was first mentioned as Muncinesheim, the place was ruled from 1109 to 1282 by a local aristocracy. In 1326 it became part of Baden, as a fief to the Hofwart family of Kirchheim. The suzerainty probably comes from the Counts of Eberstein and thus of the Kraichgau knights. The fiefdom converted to protestantism in 1530. After reversion of the feud in 1675 Margrave Frederick of Baden gave Münzesheim to his two illegitimate sons, which styled themselves Barons of Münzesheim. Friedrich August of Münzesheim sold the community in 1761 back to the feudal lord, but Baden had to recognize the tax sovereignty of the Kraichgauer knighthood until 1805. From 1805 to 1807 Münzesheim belonged to the District Office Bretten, then to the Town Office Gochsheim. Finally in 1813 temporarily to the city office and the first land office Bruchsal and from December 1813 to the district office Bretten again. 1936 Münzesheim came to the district office Bruchsal.
On 1 September 1971 Gochsheim (Baden) was united with Unteröwisheim and the communities Bahnbrücken, Landshausen, Menzingen (Baden), Münzesheim, Neuenbürg (Baden), Oberacker und Oberöwisheim to the new city of Kraichtal.
In 2020 Münzesheim had 2,967 inhabitants.

## Crest

The former Crest of Münzesheim shows a red heart in gold topped with a silver ring.

## Sights

The Protestant Church of St. Martin's subordinate in the 13th century the patronage of the Counts of Eberstein; the present church was built new in 1856. The Catholic Church of St. Andrew was built in 1963/65. Among the historic buildings of the town include the Old Forge.
* City Hall Kraichtal
* "Torwächterhaus" Münzesheim
* Old Forge in Münzesheim
* Old half-timbered house in Münzesheim
* Half-timbered houses in Münzesheim
* The river "Kraichbach" in Münzesheim
* Catholic Church of St. Andrew
* Police station in Kraichtal Münzesheim
* "Sparkasse Kraichgau" - Branch Münzesheim
* "Volksbank Bretten" - Branch Münzesheim
* School "Markgrafenschule Münzesheim"
* School "Mönchswegschule Münzesheim"
* Gymnasium and swimming pool Münzesheim
* Roundabout with a view to the old cemetery Münzesheim
* Funeral parlor to the new cemetery Münzesheim
* War memorial at the new cemetery Münzesheim
* Asiatic garden
# Pant-gwyn, Ceredigion

Pant-gwyn is a small village in the community of Llangoedmor, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 72.8 miles (117.1 km) from Cardiff and 193.9 miles (312.1 km) from London. Pant-gwyn is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and the Member of Parliament is Ben Lake (Plaid Cymru).
# George Mackay (surgeon)

George Mackay (1861-1949) was a British ophthalmic surgeon. He served in the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Edinburgh and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, and was a member of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom, the Scottish Ophthalmological Club and the French Ophthalmological Society.

## Early life and education

He was born near Madras, but the family moved back to Scotland when he was 4 years old. He was educated at Clifton and Inverness Colleges and graduated MB CM with honours from the University of Edinburgh in 188e and MD in 1888. He was awarded gold medal for his thesis, which was titled: A contribution to the study of hemianopsia of central origin: with special reference to acquired colour blindness and a clinical report of 4 cases. He specialised in ophthalmic surgery. During his post-graduate studies he spent some time in Vienna.

## Career

He became a Member of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of England in 1883 and Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1886. After retiring from hospital practice he continued have an extensive private practice and became a Manager of the Royal Infirmary and President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (1919-1921). He was most famous for performing cataract operations, done with the utmost steadiness and precision. "We remember a distinguished figure, walking to and from the Infirmary irreproachably dressed, with a well-cut morning coat, shining tall hat, and immaculate linen." In 1912 he was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh.

## Personal life

As a student he enjoyed athletics and gymnastics, and in later life took up golf and fishing. He was also a member of the Royal Company of Archers, the King's Bodyguard for Scotland. Gaelic literature, archaeology, anthropology and geology were also his interests.
He is the son of Surgeon-General George Mackay, who served in the Indian Army, and was instrumental to the establishment of the Medical College of Madras.
His great-grandfather was Lt-Col. George Mackay, whose wife's portrait was painted by Henry Raeburn.
# Freeview

Freeview may refer to:
* Freeview (Australia), the marketing name for the digital terrestrial television platform in Australia
* Freeview (New Zealand), a digital satellite and digital terrestrial television platform in New Zealand
* Freeview (UK), a digital terrestrial television platform in the United Kingdom
* Freeviewing is viewing a stereoscopic image with the eyes without using a viewer
* Free preview, the limited-term unencrypted distribution of a pay television service's programming to subscribers of a multichannel television provider
* Audience (TV network), a defunct American satellite television network exclusive to DirecTV subscribers that operated from 1999 to 2020; formerly known as "Freeview"
# H. S. M. Spielman House

The H. S. M. Spielman House, at 1103 I St. in Tekamah, Nebraska, is a historic house that was built in 1906. It has also been known as the Chamberlain House and has been denoted NeHBS #BT06-2. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986; the listing included three contributing buildings.
It is significant for association with H. S. M. Spielman (1836–1916), a successful Burt County farmer, who retired from farming to live in this house in 1906, and for its architecture (vernacular Queen Anne, with Neoclassical Revival details).
# French Ballet Class (Gershwin)

French Ballet Class is a six-minute piece written by George Gershwin in 1937 for two pianos for the movie Shall We Dance. This sequence was meant to accompany a scene of dozens of ballet dancers practicing their positions. It is written in the style of the galop.
Only two minutes of this music was used in the final film.
# HBI-3000

HBI-3000 (sulcardine sulfate) is an experimental drug candidate that is currently in phase II of human clinical trials as an antiarrhythmic agent. Clinical investigation will test the safety and efficacy of HBI-3000 as a treatment for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

## The molecular problem

Anti-arrhythmic medication is taken to treat irregular beating of the heart. This irregular beating results from a deregulation of the initiation or propagation of the electrical stimulus of the heart. The most common chronic arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation. There is an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in the elderly and some examples of complications include heart failure exacerbation, hypotension, and thromboembolic events.
Most anti-arrhythmic medications exert their effects by decreasing the permeability of potassium ion channels (IKr) in heart cells. These potassium channel blockers delay ventricular repolarization and prolong action potential duration (APD; the prolongation of the electrical stimulus within heart cells). These changes can lower heart rate, eliminate atrial fibrillation, and ultimately sudden cardiac death.

## Mechanism of action in ventricular myocytes

Ventricular myocytes are heart muscle cells found in the lower chambers of the heart. Heart rate is dependent on the movement of an electrical stimulus through the individual heart cells. This is mediated by the opening of ion channels on cell surfaces. HBI-3000 exerts its effects on the heart by inhibiting multiple ion channels (INa-F, INa-L, ICa-L and IKr), but predominantly the INa-L ion channel. By decreasing the ion permeability of these channels, HBI-3000 slightly prolongs APD (due to IKr); however, unlike pure IKr channel blockers, it is self-limited (due to the decreased permeability of INa-L and ICa-L). This is similar to the medications ranolazine and amiodarone. HBI-3000 suppresses early afterdepolarizations (EADs; a change in the normal net flow of ions during repolarization), does not produce any electrical abnormalities, and displays minimally pronounced prolongation of APD during a slow heart rate (i.e. stimulated at a slower frequency). Pronounced prolongation of APD during a slow heart rate can lead to proarrythmias. Overall, HBI-3000 seems to have a low proarrhythmic risk. The effect of HBI-3000 on contractility and cardiac conduction requires further investigation.

## Studies
### Animal model

In a canine model, the intravenous injection of HBI-3000 demonstrated to be an effective anti-arrhythmic and anti-fribrillatory agent.

### Cellular isolation

The administration of HBI-3000 to isolated heart muscle cells demonstrated the potential to improve arrhythmias while having low proarrhythmic risk.

### Human studies

Jiangsu Furui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd is currently recruiting participants in their study.
# HBHS

HBHS refers to several high schools:

## New Zealand

* Hamilton Boys' High School, in Hamilton
* Hastings Boys' High School, in Hastings

## United States

* Helen Bernstein High School, in Los Angeles, California
* High Bridge High School, in High Bridge, New Jersey (see High Bridge School District)
* Hollis/Brookline High School, in Hollis, New Hampshire
* Hudson's Bay High School, in Vancouver, Washington
* Huntington Beach High School, in Huntington Beach, California
# HMNZS Hawea

Three ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy have been named HMNZS Hawea:
* HMNZS Hawea (F422), was a frigate, 1948–1965
* HMNZS Hawea (1975), was a Lake-class patrol vessel, 1975–1991, pennant number P3571
* HMNZS Hawea (2007), is a Protector-class inshore patrol vessel, launched in 2007, pennant number P3571
# HMS Ariadne

Eight ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Ariadne, after the Greek goddess:
* HMS Ariadne (1776) was a 20-gun post ship launched in 1776. She faced USS Alfred in 1778 and forced Alfred's surrender. Ariadne was rebuilt in 1792 to carry 24 guns, and was sold in 1814.
* HMS Ariadne (1805) was an advice boat purchased in 1805. She was renamed HMS Dove later that year, and HMS Flight in 1806. She foundered in 1806.
* HMS Ariadne (1816) was another 20-gun post ship launched in 1816. She was converted into a coal hulk in 1837 and was sold in 1841.
* HMS Ariadne (1839) was an Indian iron paddle sloop launched in 1839 that foundered in 1842.
* HMS Ariadne (1859) was a wooden screw frigate launched in 1859. She became part of the shore establishment HMS Vernon in 1884, and was renamed HMS Actaeon in 1905. She was finally sold in 1922.
* HMS Ariadne (1898) was a Diadem-class cruiser launched in 1898, converted to a minelayer in 1917 and torpedoed and sunk later that year.
* HMS Ariadne (M65) was an Abdiel-class minelayer launched in 1943 and sold for breaking up in 1965.
* HMS Ariadne (F72) was a Leander-class frigate launched in 1971. She was sold to the Chilean Navy in 1992, and renamed General Baquedano. She was decommissioned in 1998 and sunk as a target in 2004.
# Freight Train (dragster)

Freight Train is a historic slingshot dragster.
Designed by Nye Frank, it used twin supercharged engines and had an aluminum body. When owned by John Peters, running in Top Gas (driven by Bob Muravez) at the 1971 Supernationals, it was painted black and powered by a pair of Chrysler hemis.
Freight Train's best result (driven by Walt Rhodes) was a win at the Gatornationals in 1971.
# Friedrich Bürklein

Georg Friedrich Christian Bürklein (30 March 1813 – 4 December 1872) was a German architect and a pupil of Friedrich von Gärtner.

## Biography

He was born in Burk, Middle Franconia. His first important work was the construction of the town hall in Fürth (1840–50) which is influenced by the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence.
Bürklein created also the Hauptbahnhof in Munich (1847–1849) with its steel construction and the stations of Augsburg, Bamberg, Ansbach, Neu-Ulm, Hof, Nördlingen, Rosenheim, Würzburg, Nuremberg and Bad Kissingen.
From 1851 Bürklein was the chief architect of the royal Maximilianstraße in Munich with all its state buildings including the Maximilianeum. Its Neo-Gothic architecture was influenced by the Perpendicular style and was strongly disputed. Before the Maximilianeum was finished Bürklein was replaced by Gottfried Semper. The sensitive Bürklein died mentally deranged in the sanatorium of Werneck. He is buried in the Alter Südfriedhof in Munich. In June 2015, the Bavarian Parliament named the entrance hall of the Maximilianeum after Friedrich Bürklein.
# HMS Dove (1805)

HMS Dove was a mercantile vessel of unknown name or origin. The Admiralty purchased her on 21 May 1805 and registered her on 28 May. She underwent fitting at Deptford for foreign service between 21 May and 3 July. Lieutenant Alexander Boyack commissioned her.

## Capture

Boyack was in command on 5 August when Dove was in the Bay of Biscay, bound for Gibraltar. At 3 a.m. Dove sighted a large vessel ahead. As Dove tried to escape she lost one man overboard. Dove was unable to escape and when the enemy vessel came alongside and prepared to fire a broadside Dove struck her colours. Her captor proved to be the 22-gun Gloire.

## Citations

* 1 2 Winfield (2008), p. 370.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 115.
# Fritillaria rhodia

Fritillaria rhodia, called the Rhodian fritillary, is a Greek species of plant in the lily family Liliaceae. The only known wild populations are on the Island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea, although the species has been cultivated elsewhere.
# HERA-B

The HERA-B detector was a particle physics experiment at the HERA accelerator at the German national laboratory DESY that collected data from 1993 to 2003. It measured 8 m × 20 m × 9 m and weighed 1000 tons. The HERA-B collaboration consisted of some 250 scientists from 32 institutes in 13 countries.
Its primary aim was to measure CP violation in the decays of heavy B mesons in the late 1990s, several years ahead of the Large Hadron Collider and B Factory programs. Unlike most particle physics detectors, the particles were produced not by colliding two circulating beams head-on, nor by slamming the beam into a stationary target, but by moving a thin wire target directly into the waste 'halo' of the circulating proton beam of the HERA accelerator. The beam was unaffected by this 'scraping' but the collision rate produced could be made extremely high, around 5 to 10 million interactions per second (5–10 MHz). The collaboration developed a novel scheme for moving the wires and the vertex detectors very close to the beam (less than one centimetre), using a vacuum chamber and motorised 'arms', had to be developed.
# Frodinia

Frodinia is a genus of plants in the family Araliaceae. Its species were formerly classed in Schefflera. It contains two species:
* Frodinia gleasonii (Britton & P.Wilson) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – endemic to Puerto Rico
* Frodinia tremula (Krug & Urb.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett – endemic to Hispaniola
# Frodo Lives!

"Frodo Lives!" was a popular counterculture slogan in the 1960s and 1970s, referring to the character Frodo Baggins from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings, commonly associated with the hippie movement.
The phrase was used frequently in graffiti, buttons, bumper-stickers, T-shirts, and other materials. It was the title of a 1967 single released under the band name "The Magic Ring" by Smash Records. It was later displayed during the activation of a computer virus in the early 1990s, in large letters with a moving border.
   Hippies who may be pushing thirty wear buttons that read "Frodo Lives" and decorate their pads with maps of Middle Earth ...
—Theodore Roszak
The term first became popular following release of the Ballantine Books paperback edition of the books in 1965, exposing them to a larger number of readers. While no longer as pervasive as it once was, the term continues to appear in newspaper articles and popular culture related to Tolkien's stories, and was used in merchandising items for the early-2000s New Line Cinema The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.
# From Hank, Bruce, Brian and John

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
From Hank, Bruce, Brian and John is the seventh rock album by British instrumental (and sometimes vocal) group The Shadows, released in 1967. It was their last album to be issued in mono and stereo.

## Personnel

* Hank Marvin – Lead guitar and vocals
* Bruce Welch – Rhythm guitar and vocals
* John Rostill – Bass guitar and vocals
* Brian Bennett – Drums and percussion
* Alan Hawkshaw - Organ
* Olivia Newton-John - Guest vocals on "The Day I Met Marie"
* Norrie Paramor - Producer
* Peter Vince - Engineer
# HMS Ledsham (M2706)

HMS Ledsham was one of 93 ships of the Ham class of inshore minesweepers.
Their names were all chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Ledsham, Cheshire or Ledsham, West Yorkshire.
HMS Ledsham is now moored in Deptford Creek, London where it is the centre of the Minesweeper Collective, an artist's cooperative. The minesweeper houses a printing studio, and is a venue for art and music events. After many years moored in Deptford Creek on the night of 5 January 2017 an explosion near the former minesweeper led to the ship catching fire whilst the London Fire Brigade deployed a dozen fire engines to the scene of the fire.
# HMS Standard (shore establishment)

HMS Standard was a British Royal Navy shore establishment between 1942 and 1945. Situated well away from the sea near Kielder in Northumberland, the base was an assessment and rehabilitation centre for naval personnel diagnosed with personality disorders.

## Origins

Prior to the Second World War the Ministry of Labour had established a number of training centres for unemployed men, one of these was Kielder Camp. In 1941 the Navy was growing increasingly concerned about the number of men suffering from behavioural problems, which prevented them from carrying out full duties. A variety of locations were considered before it was decided to take over the by now deserted labour camp near Kielder. Although the camp was taken over in 1941 it was not until early 1942 that it was commissioned as HMS Standard and the first men posted there.

## Personnel

Men posted to the base fell into three categories; those with low morale, men of temperamental instability, and malingerers. The aim was to return these men not necessarily to active service but to some form of effective service.
The base was not a hospital, it was under the command of officers of the Royal Navy executive branch rather than Royal Naval Medical Service, although two Royal Navy psychiatrists were assigned to the base staff.

## Regime

The regime of the base had an emphasis on physical labour and education to support the overall aim of returning the men to effective service. Rather than a general regime, each man was assessed and a personalised regime of work, recreation and education established.

## Statistics

During the three years HMS Standard was operational, 842 men were assessed of whom 680 were classed as 'successes' because they were drafted to other duties within the Navy with the average period at Standard being four months. Of those redrafted the records are incomplete but some performed well enough to be decorated, while over 100 were the subject later in their service careers of bad reports. The remaining 162 men were all discharged from the Navy.

## Closure

HMS Standard was decommissioned in July 1945 after the end of the war in Europe, subsequently the camp became a labour camp for Polish refugees before becoming a Forestry Commission depot. The site of the camp was flooded with the creation of Kielder Water in 1980.
# HD 154345 b

HD 154345 b is a Jupiter-mass extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 154345.

## Discovery

Wright et al. discovered the planet in March 2006 using the radial velocity method to detect the small wobbling movement of the star caused by the gravity of the planet. The discovery was published in May 2007.
While the existence of HD 154345 b has been unclear due to the correlation of its orbital period with the star's activity cycle, a study in 2021 further confirmed its planetary nature. In 2023, the inclination and true mass of HD 154345 b were determined via astrometry.

## Characteristics

The planet has a mass slightly greater than that of Jupiter. It orbits its parent star at a distance of 4.18 AU. Its orbital period is about 9.15 Earth years and its orbit is near-circular. There are no interior planets of minimum mass (m sini) greater than 0.3 Jupiter. Jupiter-like planets with these orbital and system characteristics are unlikely to be perturbed from the star's inclination. Since the star's inclination is known as around 50°, this would make the planet's most likely mass greater than Jupiter's mass but less than twice that mass.
As such HD 154345 b is presumed to be a gas giant "Jupiter twin". Depending on composition the two planets may be around the same size, or HD 154345 b may be larger. This planet may also harbor a system of moons and rings.
# HD 154345

HD 154345 is a star in the northern constellation of Hercules. With an apparent visual magnitude of +6.76 it is a challenge to view with the naked eye, but using binoculars it is an easy target. The distance to this star is 59.6 light years based on parallax, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −47 km/s. At least one exoplanet is orbiting this star.
The stellar classification of HD 154345 is G8V, matching an ordinary G-type main-sequence star that is generating energy by core hydrogen fusion. The magnetic activity cycle of this star is curiously correlated with the radial velocity variations induced by its putative planetary companion. It is around four billion years old and is spinning with a rotation period of 28 days. The star is smaller and less massive than the Sun. It is radiating 62% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,557 K.

## Planetary system

In 2006, a long-period, wide-orbiting planet was observed by radial velocity, and published in May 2007, gaining the designation HD 154345 b. It has been called a "Jupiter twin". While the existence of HD 154345 b has been unclear due to the correlation of its orbital period with the star's activity cycle, a study in 2021 further confirmed its planetary nature.
The complete observation of its nine-year orbit rules out any interior planets of minimum mass (m sini) greater than 0.3 Jupiter. The star rotates at an inclination of 50$^{+40}$ $_{−26}$ degrees relative to Earth. It is probable that the planet shares that inclination. In 2023, the inclination and true mass of HD 154345 b were determined via astrometry, consistent within the margin of error with the stellar rotational inclination.
The system's habitable zone stretches from 0.64 AU out to 1.26 AU, and is narrower than the Sun's. It forms a stable region where an Earth-mass exoplanet could orbit.
The HD 154345 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (years) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 1.19+0.14 −0.11 M$_J$ | 4.2+0.14 −0.15 | 9.15±0.11 | 0.157+0.03 −0.029 | 69+13 −12 or 111+12 −13° | — |