OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xiegang

Xiegang (simplified Chinese: 谢岗镇; traditional Chinese: 謝崗鎮; pinyin: Xiègǎng zhèn) is a town under the direct jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China.

## Administration

Xiegang covers an area of 103 square kilometres (40 sq mi) and administers 11 village committees along with one urban neighbourhood community.

## Location

Xiegang Town is located in the eastern part of Dongguan City, 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Huizhou in the east, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Zhangmutou, east of Dongguan and Dongguan railway station respectively in the west and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Shenzhen in the south.

## Transportation

Provincial Road S357 and Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway intersect within the town.
* This Dongguan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Xie of Xia

Xie (Chinese: 泄, Xiè) was the tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty. The son of Mang, Xie ascended the throne in the "Xinwei" (辛未) year. He possibly ruled 25 years.
According to the Bamboo Annals, in the 12th year of Xie's reign, the prince of Yin (殷), Zihai (子亥), while a guest in Youyi (有易), was "guilty of licentious conduct" and killed by the leader of the place, Mianchen (綿臣), who also sent away his retinue. Four years later, Zihai’s successor, Wei (微), allied with the forces of the baron of Ho (河伯), and invaded Youyi, killing Mianchen.
In the 21st year of his reign, Xie "conferred regular dignities" on the chiefs of the surrounding barbarians.
He was succeeded by his sons Bu Jiang and Jiong.
# Xie Zuowei

Xie Zuowei (Chinese: 谢作伟; born January 1964) is a Chinese chemist and the dean of Faculty of Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He is a member of the China Chemical Society.

## Education

Xie was born in Cangnan County, Zhejiang in January 1964. He secondary studied at Lingxi High School. After the resumption of college entrance examination, he entered Hangzhou University (now Zhejiang University), where he graduated in July 1983. He received his master's degree and doctor's degree from Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, China Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1986 and 1990, respectively. He did post-doctoral research at the University of Southern California from 1991 to 1995.

## Career

In 1995 he joined the faculty of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and was promoted to full professor in 2002. He is now the dean of Faculty of Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

## Honours and awards

* 1997 State Natural Science Award (Third Class)
* 2001 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars
* November 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# Palupera Parish

Palupera Parish was a rural municipality of the Estonian county of Valga.
Palupera Parish ceased to exist when it was divided between Otepää and Elva parishes during the administrative reform in Estonia in 2017.

## Settlements
### Villages

Astuvere - Atra - Hellenurme - Lutike - Mäelooga - Makita - Miti - Neeruti - Nõuni - Päidla - Palupera - Räbi - Pastaku - Urmi
# Yamini (given name)

Yamini (Hindi : यामिनी) is a Hindu/Sanskrit Indian feminine given name, which means "starry night", "artistic", or "light in the dark".

## Notable people named Yamini

* Yamini Dalal, Indian biochemist
* Yamini Krishnamurthy (born 1940), Indian dancer
* Yamini Reddy (born 1982), Indian classical dancer, a Kuchipudi exponent
# Yankeetown, Nova Scotia

Yankeetown is a rural community in the Halifax Regional Municipality on Route 213, 25.8 km from Halifax, Nova Scotia. It suffered significant damage during the 2023 Nova Scotia wildfires.
# Yagma

The Yagmas (Chinese: 樣磨), or Yaghmas, were a medieval tribe of Turkic people that came to the forefront of history after the disintegration of the Western Turkic Kaganate. They were one component of a confederation which consisted of Yagma, the Karluks, the Chigils and other tribes which founded the Kara-Khanid Khanate. From the seventh century until the Karakhanid period, the Yagma were recorded in Arabic, Persian, and Chinese accounts as a prominent and powerful political entity in the Tarim Basin, Dzungaria, and Jeti-su. Today, the modern Uyghurs of the Kashgar, Atush, and Ghulja regions are believed to be descendants of the Yaghmas.

## History

The Yagmas appear to be of Toquz Oghuz origin or are closely associated with them. According to Hudud al-'alam "their king is from the family of the Toquz-Oghuz kings."
According to the Persian work Mujmal al-Tawarikh wa-'l-Qisas, the Yağma "padšâh" bore the title of Bogra Khan. The Yagma title of Bogra Khan allowed V.Bartold to suggest that Karakhanid Il-khans were from the Yagma tribe.
Mahmud al-Kashgari mentioned the Yagma and Tukhsi tribes, with a clan of Chigils, along the Ili River. In the tenth century the Yagma tribe lived in the Kashgar area and further northwest. Al Gardezi, who used sources composed in the eighth century, wrote that the Yagma united numerous tribes between the Uyghurs and Karluks in the larger part of the eastern Tian Shan, including Kashgar City and District. Gardezi called the Yagma a "rich people with large herds of horses" in a country of "one month of travel". The Yagma constantly clashed with the Karluks and the Kimaks, and were a dependent of the Western Turkic Kagans until their demise.

## Etymology

According to Yury Zuev, a semantic meaning of the word yağma in the ancient Common Turkic language, is "attack, onslaught." However, according to Peter Golden, the word may have derived from Turkic verbal root yağ- "to pour down, rain", but noting that the form with -ma is unusual. He also noted the Persian word yaġmâ meaning "prey, plunder, booty, spoils", and that it is unclear if it has any relationship with Yağma.

## Historical accounts

The following account of the country of Yaghma and its towns is given in the tenth century text Hudud al-'alam:
   East of the Toquz-Oghuz country; south of it, the river Khuland-ghun which flows into the Kucha river, west of it are the Qarluq borders. In this country there is little agriculture, (yet) it produces many furs and in it much game is found.
   Their wealth is in horses and sheep. The people are hardy, strong, and warlike, and have plenty of arms. Their king is from the family of the Toquz-Oghuz kings. These Yaghma have numerous tribes; some say that among them 1,700 known tribes are counted. Both the low and the nobles among them venerate their king ...and in their region there are a few villages.
   1. Kashghar belongs to Chinistan but is situated on the frontier between the Yaghma, Tibet, the Qïrghïz, and China. The chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the Qarluq, or from the Yaghma...
# Pan Jiamin

Pan Jiamin (born 2 May 1997) is a Chinese para table tennis player. She won the silver medal in the women's individual C5 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
# Yankees HOPE Week

Yankees HOPE Week (Helping Others Persevere & Excel Week) is an annual program run by the New York Yankees that celebrates "individuals, families, or organizations worthy of support". Every Yankees player participates in the program with the "goal [of] personally connect[ing] with individuals in the settings of their greatest personal accomplishments." It was started in 2009 "with the purpose of performing acts of goodwill to provide encouragement to more than just the recipient of the gesture." It takes place every year in the summer.

## History

HOPE Week was started in 2009. The Yankees said "this event is unique in that every player on the roster, along with Manager Joe Girardi, will participate."

### 2009

In 2009, the program, which ran from July 20–24, honored a United States Army veteran of the 82nd Airborne Division who lost use of his arms and legs to Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS). The veteran and his wife and son were invited to watch batting practice from the field before the game. They were surprised by a party in a suite in Yankee Stadium with several players and their friends and family.
Several Yankees surprised two men who overcame learning and developmental diseases at their place of work at a law firm in New York, where they are mail room employees. Other Yankees visited a sixth-grade Little Leaguer who has cerebral palsy but helps coach his team. After the July 24th game, the Yankees hosted a nighttime carnival for people from Camp Sundown, which is for those who have Xeroderma Pigmentosum, a rare disease in which the body cannot repair cells damaged by UV light; those affected have to avoid exposure to sunlight. The kids arrived at the game after sundown, but because of a rain delay, the game had not started, so they saw the game and did the event with the Yankees until sunrise.

### 2010

The 2010 program ran from August 16–20. Manager Joe Girardi visited Jane Lang, a blind woman who attends about 30 Yankees game a season, at her home and invited her to meet the players at that evening's game. A man from Sierra Leone, who has provided for his family since he was eight, immigrated to the U.S., and received a scholarship to go to college threw out the ceremonial first pitch before a game, while a 13-year-old quadruple amputee was thrown a pool party with several Yankees.

### 2011

In 2011, the Yankees held a barbecue with children from Tuesday's Children, an organization that supports children who lost parents on September 11th. Several Yankees (including Derek Jeter, Jorge Posada, and CC Sabathia) took survivors of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on a tour of New York City and met Archbishop Timothy Dolan. Other Yankees went to a Broadway performance by a 27-year-old who survived five brain aneurysms.

### 2021

In 2021, 70 year old Gwen Goldman became Honorary Bat Girl for the New York Yankees during HOPE Week after the general manager learned about her rejection to play for the Yankees 60 years ago because she was a girl.
# Paprzycki

Paprzycki is a surname of Polish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lech Krzysztof Paprzycki (1947–2022), Polish lawyer and politician
* Oskar Paprzycki (born 1998), Polish footballer
# Paolo Cognetti

Paolo Cognetti (born 27 January 1978 in Milan) is an Italian writer. He started studying mathematics at university, but quit to enroll at Milan's film-making school Civica Scuola di Cinema «Luchino Visconti», where he graduated in 1999. He taught himself American literature and started directing documentaries in 2004, especially about social, political and literary topics. His first work as a writer was the short story Fare ordine, which won the Premio Subway−Letteratura. He loves New York City, which has become the main subject of some of his documentaries. His other passion is the mountains, where he likes to spend a few months alone every year. In 2016, he published his first novel Le otto montagne (The Eight Mountains, English translation by Simon Carnell and Erica Segre for Atria Books, 2018), which granted him the Premio Strega 2017, Italy′s most prestigious literary award, as well as various international awards, such as the Prix Médicis étranger, the Prix François Sommer, and the English Pen Translates Award.

## Works

* Fare ordine. [Genere: storia d'amore; 1 racconto da 5 fermate], Milan, 2003
* Manuale per ragazze di successo, Rome, 2004
* Una cosa piccola che sta per esplodere, Rome, 2007
* Sofia si veste sempre di nero, Rome, 2012
* Il nuotatore, with Mara Cerri, Rome, 2013
* Le otto montagne (The Eight Mountains), Turin, 2016
* La felicità del Lupo, Turin, Einaudi, 2021
* Giù nella valle, Turin, Einaudi, 2023

### Documentaries

* Scrivere/New York, 2004

### Essay

* New York è una finestra senza tende, 2010
* Il ragazzo selvatico. Quaderno di montagna, Milan, 2013
* A pesca nelle pozze più profonde, Roma, 2014
* Tutte le mie preghiere guardano verso ovest, 2014
* Senza mai arrivare in cima, Turin, Einaudi, 2018
* L'Antonia. Poesie, lettere e fotografie di Antonia Pozzi scelte e raccontate da Paolo Cognetti, Milan, Ponte alle Grazie, 2021.
# Paolo Collaviti

Paolo Collaviti (born 2 February 1978 in Lyss, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss football player. He currently plays for BSC Young Boys.
He signed a 1+1 contract with club on 30 June 2007, and compete the first choice goalkeeper place with Marco Wölfli, to replace Matteo Gritti.
# Paprotno

Paprotno may refer to the following places:
* Paprotno, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Paprotno, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Paprotno, Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Paprotno, Koszalin County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Panegyrtes sparsepunctatus

Panegyrtes sparsepunctatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Panehesy

Panehesy (also transcribed as Pinhasy or Panehsy) was an Egyptian noble who bore the titles of 'Chief servitor of the Aten in the temple of Aten in Akhetaten' ('Second Prophet of the Lord of the Two Lands').

## Titles

Panehesy held a variety of titles that show how powerful he must have been during the Amarna Period. He was the 'Chief servitor of the Aten in the temple of Aten in Akhetaten' and 'Second Prophet of the Lord of the Two Lands'. He was also the 'Seal-bearer of Lower Egypt'.
Panehsy was also the Overseer of the Cattle of the Aten in Akhetaten' and the 'Overseer of the Granary of the Aten'.

## Houses

Panehesy had two houses in Amarna. One was located near the temple, while another was located in the Central City. The house near the temple was likely more of an office.
The main residence of Panehesy (R44.2) lies in the Central City of Amarna. In his main residence a large shrine was discovered which depicted Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and princess Meritaten making offerings to the Aten. This is an example of the domestic cult of the royal couple. The hypaethral chapel was located within the central hall. To the south of Panehesy's home was a small village. The total area occupied by the village is less than the area occupied by the main residence of the Priest. The village consists of some forty houses that were likely the residences of Panehesy's staff. In the vicinity of the home a stele was discovered depicting Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye.
The second residence of Panehesy near the temple of the Aten may be related to his function as the overseer of the cattle. The structure includes stone floors and brick mangers and may have served as a holding pen for the cattle. Excavations revealed remains of cattle, horn and bones. The bones were the remains of the cattle butchered for the offerings in the temple. The central hall of this house held a stone built shrine painted to look like an Amarna Temple. The structure held narrow wooden doors and likely held a statue of the King. The shrine is now at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

## Tomb

He had a tomb constructed at Amarna, among the northern tombs among the Tombs of the Nobles. The Tomb of Panehsy (Amarna Tomb 6) contains scenes of himself and his family and others showing the royal family, but his remains have never been identified. The tomb had suffered damage from iconoclasts. The images of Akhenaten and Nefertiti had been disfigured, and most of the names had been removed.
In later times, his tomb was turned into a Coptic place of worship for a while and suffered damage. A deep font for total immersion was placed before the apse.
# Yapıldak, İpsala

Yapıldak is a village in the İpsala District of Edirne Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 334 in 2022.
# Sidney Clarke (priest)

The Venerable Sidney Lampard Clarke MA, BSc was an eminent Anglican Chaplain.
He was born on 15 January 1871 in Derby, Derbyshire, England and educated at the Universities of St Andrews and London. He was ordained Deacon in 1899 and Priest a year later. After a curacy at St. Mary's, Horncastle he was a naval chaplain and instructor from 1901 until 1918 when he joined the fledgling RAF Chaplaincy Service. He was at the Halton Camp from 1919 to 1930 when he became Archdeacon (Chaplain-in-Chief) of the service. Upon military retirement he was Vicar of Cranwell from 1934 to 1938.
An Honorary Chaplain to the King he died on 13 November 1945.
# 1977 Wisconsin Badgers football team

The 1977 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season. Led by John Jardine in his eighth and final season as head coach, the Badgers compiled an overall record of 5–6 with a mark of 3–6 in conference play, placing eighth in the Big Ten. Wisconsin played home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison, Wisconsin.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 10 | at Indiana | | Memorial StadiumBloomington, IN | W 30–14 | 34,755 |
| September 17 | Northern Illinois* | | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | W 14–3 | 64,475 |
| September 24 | at Oregon* | | Autzen StadiumEugene, OR | W 22–10 | 30,755 |
| October 1 | Northwestern | | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | W 19–7 | 68,709 |
| October 8 | Illinois | No. 19 | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | W 26–0 | 78,661 |
| October 15 | at No. 1 Michigan | No. 14 | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI | L 0–56 | 104,892 |
| October 22 | Michigan State | | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | L 7–9 | 79,203 |
| October 29 | at No. 3 Ohio State | | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH | L 0–42 | 87,837 |
| November 5 | Purdue | | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | L 0–22 | 83,322 |
| November 12 | Iowa | | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI (rivalry) | L 8–24 | 71,723 |
| November 19 | at Minnesota | | Minneapolis, MNMemorial Stadium (rivalry) | L 7–13 | 30,742 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Neugebauer equations

The Neugebauer equations are a set of equations used to model color printing systems, developed by Hans E. J. Neugebauer. They were intended to predict the color produced by a combination of halftones printed in cyan, magenta, and yellow inks.
The equations estimate the reflectance (in CIE XYZ coordinates or as a function of wavelength) as a function of the reflectance of the 8 possible combinations of CMY inks (or the 16 combinations of CMYK inks), weighted by the area they take up on the paper. In wavelength form:
    $R(\lambda )=\sum _{i=1}^{16}w_{i}R_{i}(\lambda ),$
where R$_i$(λ) is the reflectance of ink combination i, and w$_i$ is the relative proportions of the 16 colors in a uniformly colored patch. The weights are dependent on the halftone pattern and possibly subject to various forms of dot gain.
Light can interact with the paper and ink in more complex ways. The Yule–Nielsen correction takes into account light entering through blank regions and re-emerging through ink:
    $R(\lambda )=\left(\sum _{i=1}^{16}w_{i}R_{i}(\lambda )^{\frac {1}{n}}\right)^{n}.$
The factor n would be 2 for a perfectly diffusing Lambertian paper substrate, but can be adjusted based on empirical measurements. Further considerations of the optics, such as multiple internal reflections, can be added at the price of additional complexity.
In order to achieve a desired reflectance, these equations have to be inverted to produce the actual dot areas or digital values sent to the printer, a nontrivial operation that may have multiple solutions.
# Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal

The Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal is a ferry terminal in Singapore, located at Changi. The terminal serves ferry services to the Indonesian islands of Batam and Bintan, and Desaru, in Johor, Malaysia. It is owned and managed by Singapore Cruise Centre.

## History

The terminal was constructed in 1995 at a cost of S$29 million with the intention of boosting tourism. The terminal began operations on 26 August. In 2007, the terminal, along with the Singapore Cruise Centre, received a $2.5 million IT upgrade, along with a $3 million facelift.
In 2010, bus service 570 was introduced to carry passengers between the terminal and Tanah Merah MRT station and Bedok MRT station. Bus service 35 has since replaced it.
On 25 November 2016, a 54-year old woman named Maimunah Awang, who worked as a cleaner at the terminal, was found dead in a drain at the ferry terminal compound. A 23-year old Malaysian man was subsequently charged with her murder. The man, identified as Ahmad Muin Yaacob, was a colleague of Maimunah. He was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment and eighteen strokes of the cane in November 2020.
On 21 June 2022, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore announced that they have approved ferry services between the terminal and Desaru Coast Ferry Terminal in Johor, Malaysia. Ferry services to Desaru Coast began on 7 July 2022 and is operated by Desaru Link Ferry Services.
On 2 February 2024, Singapore Cruise Centre announced that the terminal will undergo a S$20m upgrade. As part of the upgrade, the terminal will see its capacity increase by 20% and the installation of self-service check-in kiosks and unmanned bag-drop machines.
# Tegula gruneri

Tegula gruneri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 6 mm, its diameter 10 mm. The shell is much more depressed than Tegula fasciata and has a discoidal shape. It is widely umbilicate. The surface is sculptured by numerous spiral slightly elevated lirulae, which are red, more or less articulated with white dots. The periphery shows frequently two or several more prominent lirae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Antilles in the subtidal zone.
# Hortonville Joint School District No. 1 v. Hortonville Education Association

Hortonville Joint School District No. 1 v. Hortonville Education Association, 426 U.S. 482 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a public school board did not violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution when it fired teachers who went on strike after contract negotiations with the board broke down.

## Background

In 1974, members of the teachers' union in the Hortonville Area School District in Wisconsin went on strike after contract negotiations broke down with the district's School Board. However, Wisconsin law "prohibited the strike". The district's superintendent asked the striking teachers to return to work, but none of the striking teachers returned. One week later, the Board conducted disciplinary proceedings and voted to terminate the employment of the striking teachers. The teachers objected to the firing and filed a lawsuit in state court in which they argued that the Board's decision violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The trial court rejected the teachers' arguments, but on appeal, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin ruled that that "Federal Constitution required that the teachers' conduct and the Board's response be evaluated by an impartial decisionmaker other than the Board." The Supreme Court of the United States granted certiorari to determine whether the Board's actions violate the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.

## Opinion of the Court

Writing for a majority of the Court, Chief Justice Warren Burger held that "the Board's prior role as negotiator does not disqualify it to decide that the public interest in maintaining uninterrupted classroom work required that teachers striking in violation of state law be discharged." Chief Justice Burger concluded that the Board's decision did not violate due process because the decision to terminate the teachers was not "infected by the sort of bias that we have held to disqualify other decisionmakers as a matter of federal due process."

### Justice Stewart's dissenting opinion

Associate Justice Potter Stewart wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the Board's decision to terminate the teachers violated the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause because "the Board members were not impartial decisionmakers." Citing Withrow v. Larkin, Justice Stewart argued that "[i]t is now well established that a biased decisionmaker [is] constitutionally unacceptable [and] our system of law has always endeavored to prevent even the probability of unfairness."