OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhode Island Soft Systems

Rhode Island Soft Systems (also known as R.I. Soft Systems and RISS) was an American software development and new media company based in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The company was best known for developing screensavers, computer games and programming tools for Microsoft Windows.

## Early history

Rhode Island Soft Systems was founded in 1990 by Eric Robichaud. Originally conceived as a side venture to Robichaud’s full-time work as a computer programmer with CVS Caremark Corporation, Robichaud’s first product was a DOS screensaver called BLANK-IT. Additional products were created, and by 1994 Robichaud left CVS to start his own company.
Among the first Rhode Island Soft Systems products to gain wide attention was a 1994 signature font product that enabled computer users to incorporate their signature word processing documents. The company also created a digital jigsaw puzzle game called Jixxa, and received commissions to create screensavers and interactive CD-ROMs to promote Folgers Coffee, the New York Knicks and Harley Davidson motorcycles.

## Product lines

During the late 1990s, the company created a series of whimsical screensavers that poked fun at popular culture figures and trends. Among its most notable titles were Hey, Macaroni!, which used animated dancing noodles to spoof the Macarena craze, and Liverdance, which parodied Michael Flatley’s Lord of the Dance success with a troupe of anthropomorphic livers performing Irish stepdancing. Liverdance, released in 1998, was also the first screensaver that incorporated built-in multiple advertisements, with Hasbro Interactive, Prodigy, Barnes & Noble, Symantec and WinZip as the first advertisers.
Beyond its consumer products, the company created programming tools including Image Carousel Professional Edition and Ovation Studio Pro.

## Company expansion and sale

In 1999, the company acquired Mediaweave, a Providence, Rhode Island–based company that produced multimedia projects and Web sites. By 2000, Rhode Island Soft Systems grew to US$1 million in annual sales.
In 2003, Rhode Island Soft Systems was sold to Freeze.com, a Waite Park, Minnesota–based screensaver development company. The transaction included a five-year development and sponsorship contract that highlighted the Rhode Island Soft Systems products on the Freeze.com web site.
# Rhiphaeoceratidae

The Rhiphaeoceratidae are a small family of nautilids included in the superfamily Tainoceratoidea that comprises four very similar genera. These genera are characterized by a perforate umbilicus and little more than a single evolute coil. Whorl sections are oval, subquadrate, or subtrapezoidal. Sutures bend forward on the outer rim, forming wide shallow ventral saddles and dip strongly to the rear on the inner rim, forming deep dorsal lobes.
Rhiphaeoceratidae was named by Ruzhencev and Shimansky in 1954 are, according to Kümmel (1964), derived from the Tainoceratidae, although no genus stands out as possible ancestor. They date from the Early Permian to Late Permian in age and are found in parts of Eurasia, south Urals: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Italy.
Genera included, also named by Ruzhencev and Shimansky, 1954 are:
* Rhiphaeoceras: a riphaeoceritid first found the south Urals (L Perm) with an oval whorl section; flanks with faint, narrow radial ribs; suture with broad ventral saddle and deep dorsal lobe.
* Pararhiphaeoceras: a riphaeoceratid with a subtrapezoidal whorl section, widest across the venter, narrowing to the dorsum; flanks with short oblique ribs; suture as for Rhiphaeoceras. Found in L Permian in Azerbaijan and Tajikistan.
* Rhiphaeonautilus: a riphaeoceratid like Pararhiphaeoceras, with a subtrapezoidal whorl section, but with short inflated ribs on the lateral areas and with a shallow lobe modifying the ventral saddle. Also first found in the south Urals, as with Rhiphaeoceras.
* Sholakoceras: a riphaeoceratid with a subquadrate whorl section, venter and sides flattened, lateral areas bearing slightly oblique ribs. The suture is similar to that of Rhiphaeonautilus, with a broad ventral saddle modified by a shallow lobe.
# Rhyolite Islands

Rhyolite Islands (69°40′S 68°35′W﻿ / ﻿69.667°S 68.583°W﻿ / -69.667; -68.583) is a group of islands and rocks which extend 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) in an east–west direction, lying close off the Rymill Coast of Palmer Land opposite the north side of the mouth of Eureka Glacier, in George VI Sound. Surveyed in 1948 by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and so named from the rock of which the islands are largely composed. The name "Grupo Maipo," after the Chilean oil tanker Maipo, may refer to these islands roughly charted by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition, 1947, in about 6954S, 6833W.
# Edwin M. Duval

Edwin M. Duval (born 11 January 1947) is a literary scholar specializing in works of the French Renaissance.
Duval completed his bachelor's degree at Stanford University in 1968, followed by a master's degree and doctorate from Yale University in 1971 and 1973, respectively. Upon obtaining his doctorate, Duval joined the Princeton University faculty. In 1977, he began teaching at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Duval returned to Yale as a professor in 1987, and was named Henri Peyre Professor of French in 2012.
# Rhyssemus sonatus

Rhyssemus sonatus is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Riberos de la Cueza

Riberos de la Cueza is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 87.
# Egoli Magic

Egoli Magic is a South African basketball club based in Johannesburg. The team was established in 1994 and currently plays in the Basketball National League. The team is the most successful ever in the BNL, as it has won a record five championships, in 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

## Honours

Basketball National League
* Champions (5): 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021

## Male Players
### Individual awards
#### BNL MVP

* Jose Salvador – 2015
* Bandile Nsele – 2019
* Miguel Ferrão – 2020

#### BNL Final MVP

* Nkosinathi Sibanyoni – 2021

## Females Players

* Politeness Makwelantle
* Nqobile Thwala
* Liyabona Nondala
# Edward Gleason Spaulding

Edward Gleason Spaulding (6 August 1873 – 31 January 1940) was an American philosopher from Burlington, Vermont. He is a proponent of New Realism and co-wrote The New Realism.

## Works

* The New Rationalism. The development of a constructive realism upon the basis of modern logic and science, and through criticism of opposed systems. New York: Henry Holt 1918
* A World of Chance. New York: Macmillan 1936
# Edward Manning

Edward Manning may refer to:
* Edward R. Manning (1944–2011), American basketball player, see Ed Manning
* Edward Manning (Jamaica) (18th century), Jamaican politician
* Edward Manning (minister), Canadian Baptist minister, see Ingraham Ebenezer Bill
# Edward More

Edward More may refer to:
* Edward More (churchman) (1479–1541), English churchman and educator
* Edward More (poet) (c. 1537–1620), English poet and grandson of Thomas More
* Edward More (MP) (c. 1555–1623), MP for Hampshire and Midhurst
# Ricardo Hernández (baseball, born 1885)

Ricardo Hernández Hernández (1885 – death unknown) was a Cuban infielder in the Negro leagues and Cuban League in the 1900s and 1910s.
A native of Havana, Cuba, Hernández made his Negro leagues debut in 1908 with the Cuban Stars (West). He played five seasons with the Stars, and also played for the All Cubans in 1911. Hernández also played several seasons in the Cuban League, including five seasons with Habana and two more with Club Fé.
# Ricardo Mañé

Ricardo Mañé Ramirez (Montevideo, 14 January 1948 – Montevideo, 9 March 1995) was a Uruguayan mathematician, known for his contributions to dynamical systems and ergodic theory. He was a doctoral student of Jacob Palis at IMPA.
He was an invited speaker at the International Congresses of Mathematicians of 1983 and 1994 and is a recipient of the 1994 TWAS Prize.

## Selected publications

* "Expansive diffeomorphisms", Proceedings of the Symposium on Dynamical Systems (University of Warwick, 1974) Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol. 468 pp. 162–174, Springer-Verlag, 1975.
* "Persistent manifolds are normally hyperbolic", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 246, (Dec., 1978), pp. 261–283.
* "On the dimension of the compact invariant sets of certain non-linear maps", Springer, Lectures Notes in Mathematics Vol. 898 (1981) 230–242.
* "An ergodic closing lemma", Annals of Mathematics Second Series, Vol. 116, No. 3 (Nov., 1982), pp. 503–540.
* with P. Sad. and D. Sullivan: "On the dynamics of rational maps", Annales Scientifiques l'École Normale Supérieure, Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 193–217, 1983.
* "A proof of the C1 stability conjecture", Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS, Vol. 66, pp. 161–210, 1987
* "On the topological entropy of geodesic flows". Journal of Differential Geometry, Vol. 45 (1997), no. 1, pp. 74–93.
* Ergodic Theory and Differentiable Dynamics (1987, translated from Portuguese into English by Silvio Levy)
* Selected Works, Springer, 2017
# Ricardo Matos (footballer, born 1979)

Ricardo Filipe Rodrigues Matos (born 15 February 1979) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Born in Santo Ildefonso (Porto), Matos competed in the Portuguese fourth division for the better part of his career, having two spells in the third: in the 1999–2000 season he played with G.D.R.C. Os Sandinenses, representing G.D. Ribeirão in 2007–08.
In the 2008–09 campaign, Matos was second-choice at Varzim S.C. in the Segunda Liga. In the following summer, aged already 30, he signed for Primeira Liga side Vitória F.C. along with nine other players, despite the club's precarious financial situation.
Matos acted as backup in his first season in Setúbal, making his first official appearance on 8 May 2010 in a 1–2 home defeat against already relegated C.F. Os Belenenses. Vitória narrowly managed to avoid the drop.
# Reza Fayazi

Reza Fayazi (Persian: رضا فیاضی; born (1953-07-06)6 July 1953) is an Iranian actor, director, screenwriter and host.

## Career

In 1976, he played a role in the series Golbaran directed by Reza Babak. He then appeared in the movie Ballad of Tara directed by Bahram Beyzai and also acted as the stage manager. Since then, he has worked in various artistic fields, including writing, puppetry, and radio, and has appeared in several television programs as a presenter.

## Filmography

* Ballad of Tara, 1979
* Statue, 1992
* The Fateful Day, 1995
* The Blue Veiled, 1995
* Chariot of Death, 1996
* Starry Sky, 1999
* Under the City's Skin (TV series), 2002
* Roozegar-e Gharib, 2007
* The Enigma of the Shah, 2016-2017
* I'm not Trump, 2020
# Eidstod

Eidstod is a village in Kviteseid Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located at the northern end of the lake Nisser and it is the main population centre in the Vrådal area. The Norwegian National Road 41 runs along the eastern side of the village. The village of Kviteseid is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north and the village of Fjågesund lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the east.
# Edwin Atherton

Edwin Newton Atherton (October 12, 1896 – August 31, 1944) served as a foreign service officer, Bureau of Investigation agent, private investigator, and later, appointed head of the college athletics organization, the Pacific Coast Conference in 1940.

## Biography

Born in Washington, D.C., the son of Edwin J Atherton and Mary Agnes McCarten. Atherton studied law at Georgetown University (1914) for only four months. After leaving Georgetown, he was a clerk in a bank and then entered the consular service (January 1916) where during World War I he served in Genoa, Italy, followed by Bulgaria, and Jerusalem. After the war, Atherton served in Canada, then resigned from consular duties, March 13, 1925, and served the Department of Justice from 1925 to 1927. He served in New York, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles and headed the Department of Justice office in San Francisco, California.
His service in the BOI (later FBI) was notable for his having worked on the 1924 capture of a neo-revolutionary army of Mexican nationals under the leadership of General Enrique Estrada at Engineer Springs on the California border. He resigned from the BOI in 1927 and started a private investigating firm in Los Angeles with another former special agent, Joseph Dunn, called Atherton and Dunn.
Atherton's firm was hired to investigate police graft and corruption and wrote the so-called "Atherton Report" on police corruption in the San Francisco Police Department in the late 1930s.
He was paid $40,000 to thoroughly investigate the Pacific Coast Conference in 1938. After two years and the submission of his extensive two-million-word report, he was immediately appointed to be High Commissioner of the Pacific Coast Conference in January 1940 to carry out his recommended reforms.

## Personal

He was previously married in 1924 to Elma Catheryne Atherton (née Jackson), who divorced him on grounds of cruelty in October 1941. His son Edwin Jr. was 12 years old at the time.
After a month-long hospitalization for a gall bladder illness in August 1944, Atherton died at age 47 at Santa Monica Hospital in Santa Monica, California.
Atherton was survived by his widow, Anzonetta Atherton, whom he had married in October 1942 in Las Vegas. Anzonetta Collison (née Moore), a playwright from Mason City, Iowa was the widow of Wilson Collison.
# Eilandsgracht

The Eilandsgracht (Dutch pronunciation:) is a canal in Amsterdam between the Westelijke Eilanden (Western Islands) and the mainland. It originally ran between the mainland and two of the islands, Prinseneiland and Bickerseiland. In 1928 the section along Bickerseiland was filled in.

## Location

The Eilandsgracht forms the southwest boundary of Prinseneiland, and connects Prinseneilandsgracht to the west of Prinseneiland with Bickersgracht to the east of Prinseneiland. These two canals join Realengracht to the north of Prinseneiland. The road on the southwest (mainland) side of the canal is named Lange Eilandsgracht. On the northeast (Prinseneiland) side, the canal is bordered by the backs of buildings on the Prinseneiland road, which rings the island.

## History

During the third expansion of 1610–15 port capacity was increased by building the Nieuwe Waal to the west of the city. The Nieuwe Waal was only deep enough for ships at a considerable distance from the Haarlemmerdijk sea wall, so the shallower area closer to shore was used for three artificial islands. The Western Islands are three large artificial islands that were built between 1611 and 1615 in the swampy western corner of the IJ. The new islands were made of soil that was mostly dug up rather than dredged up. In the early days Bickersailand was connected to Middeleiland (Prinseneiland) by the Galgenbrug over the Bickersgracht, and to the mainland by the Eilandsbrug over the Eilandsgracht to the Haarlemmerdijk. After a dispute with land speculators, building plots on Prinseneiland began in 1623.
In 1877–79 the railway line from Haarlemmerpoort station was extended to the auxiliary station at the Droogbak and in 1889 to the new Central Station. Before construction of the railroad started, in 1872 the Eilandsgracht was partially filled in. A rail viaduct was built half on the Houttuinen and half on the filled in side of the canal. In 1918 it was decided to double the tracks, taking another strip of the Eilandsgracht. So little remained between Bickerseiland and the mainland that in 1928 it was completely filled in.
* Construction of the railway embankment along Eilandsgracht (1872)
* Railroad Viaduct, along Bickers Island. On the left the roofs of the Haarlemmer Houttuinen.
* Left: Bickersplein, later Hendrik Jonkerplein. Right: bridge no. 312 over Eilandsgracht. Jacob Olie (1890)
* The viaduct between Westerdok and Korte Prinsengracht (1899). Right: Bickersplein, turret of the Eilandskerk.
# Rich Cantrill

Major-General Richard John Cantrill, OBE, MC is a senior Royal Marines officer. In 2024 he became Commander Operations, the first Royal Marine to hold the post.

## Military career

Cantrill joined the Corps of Royal Marines in 1996. He was promoted to major in 2004 and, in 2008, deployed to Afghanistan as officer commanding L Company, 42 Commando. He led the company during a three-day assault on Kasnishin, a Taliban stronghold, during the deployment, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in 2010, he became Military Assistant to the Deputy Chief of Defence for Military Strategy and Operations, was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2014 New Year Honours, and was made commanding officer of 42 Commando. In 2016, Cantrill was promoted to colonel and made the chief of staff for the Commander UK Amphibious Forces.
Cantrill joined the Ministry of Defence as the Assistant Head for Counter-terrorism and UK Operations in 2018, and was appointed to command 3 Commando Brigade on 2 September 2020. In January 2024, it was announced that he would be the next Commander Operations, the first Royal Marine to hold the post, with the promotion to major general on 6 May 2024.
# Eisenberg Castle

Eisenberg Castle may refer to:
* Eisenberg Castle, Bavaria, a ruined castle in Bavaria
* Eisenberg Castle, Korbach, a ruined castle in Hesse
# Ribes aciculare

Ribes aciculare is a species of flowering plant in the currant/gooseberry family Grossulariacea, generally regarded as closely related to Ribes burejense. It is native to central and northern Asia, and has been reported as native to Altay, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Mongolia, Tuva, West Siberia, Xinjiang. Its habitats vary from stony hill and mountain slopes to forest margins and thickets. In Northern China it has been found at altitudes of 1,500-2,100 metres. The plant is very cold hardy, and can tolerate temperatures down to -20°C during dormancy (typically the winter months).
The plant typically forms a deciduous shrub of about 1 metre or somewhat more. The shrub's branchlets are glabrous, with 3-7 spines forming at branchlet nodes. It generally grows in semi-shade (light woodland) or without shade, and can survive in light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, which can be acid, neutral or basic (alkaline). It does best in moist but well-drained soil, and tends to set more fruit if unshaded.
Flowering takes place from May to June. The plant is hermaphrodite and the flowers are pollinated by insects. The fruits ripen from July to August, taking the form of red globes of up to 15mm in diameter, similar to other species in its genus. The fruit is edible, both raw and cooked; it is sweet and pleasant-tasting. The fruit is harvested from wild plants for local use, and is sometimes cultivated as a fruit crop in parts of Russia. Where cultivated there are some named varieties, some of which may be crosses with the gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa).
Like other Ribes species, R. aciculare is particularly susceptible to honey fungus. The plant can also become infected with white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola)), a rust fungus whose heteroecious life cycle requires it to infect a Ribes plant as an obligate secondary host.
# Richard A. Poirier

Richard A. Poirier (born May 1, 1842) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1900 to 1903 as an Independent member.
# Richard A. Radford

Richard A. Radford (1919 – 7 November 2006) was a British-born American economist who served in the International Monetary Fund and became widely known for his 1945 article on prisoner-of-war camp economics.

## Early life

Radford was born in 1919 in Nottingham, England. He studied economics at the University of Cambridge. When World War II broke out, Radford left the university and enlisted as a soldier in the British Army. He fought in the Allies' North African Campaign but was captured in Libya by the German forces in 1942 and spent the remainder of the war years in the Stalag VII-A prisoner-of-war camp, in southern Bavaria.

## Prisoner-of-war camp economics

During his time in the POW camp, Radford observed the life of prisoners and their economic interactions. On the basis of those observations, he wrote after the war ended the article "The Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp," which appeared in the Economica journal in 1945.
The article eventually became a staple of introductory economics textbooks, and academic teachings as a primary example of people interacting economically, of the role of middlemen, and the free market at work. In the view of the Austrian school economist Robert P. Murphy, "there is nothing in Radford's account that conflicts with the standard economists’ story about the origin of money."

### Criticism

Heterodox economists have criticized Radford's text for supporting the theory of the origin of money as commodity-money and for presenting an artificial situation, that of a POW camp, which they claim resembles a theoretical Walrasian exchange economy much more than the real-world economy.

## Later career

After the war, Radford returned to Cambridge and received a bachelor's degree in economics. In 1947, he moved to Washington, D.C., to join the International Monetary Fund, while he also started teaching economics at the Johns Hopkins University. In his capacity as an IMF representative, Radford traveled widely throughout the world.
When he retired from the IMF in 1980, he was assistant director of the institution's Fiscal Affairs Department.

## Personal life

Radford's first wife, Mary, with whom he had three children, died in 1977. His second marriage, which lasted 27 years, until his death, was to Margaret Radford. He died on 7 November 2006 at the Maplewood Park Place retirement home in Bethesda, Maryland, from complications of open aortic surgery.
# Babella funiculata

Babella funiculata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of twelve known species within the Babella genus of gastropods.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the southern coasts of Cambodia and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast Asia.
# Gluto

Gluto may refer to:
* Gluto, a mafioso-like villain from Power Rangers: Time Force
* Gluto, a gelatinous character from Ben 10: Secret of the Omnitrix
* Gluto.com, a leading syndicate manager for the EuroMillions Lottery
# Hans Nisblé

Hans Walter Peter Nisblé (28 March 1945 – 11 January 2022) was a German politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he served in the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin in 1985 and was subsequently mayor of Bezirk Wedding [de] from 1994 to 2001. He died on 11 January 2022, at the age of 76.
# McTeer

McTeer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Janet McTeer (born 1961), English actress
* Maureen McTeer (born 1952), Canadian writer and lawyer
* Robert D. McTeer (born c. 1943), American economist