OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS Pigeon (1827)

HMS Pigeon was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop built for the Royal Navy during the 1820s. She was sold in 1847.

## Description

Pigeon had a length at the gundeck of 90 feet (27.4 m) and 72 feet 3 inches (22.0 m) at the keel. She had a beam of 24 feet 8 inches (7.5 m), a draught of about 9 feet (2.7 m) and a depth of hold of 11 feet (3.4 m). The ship's tonnage was 230 64/94 tons burthen. The Cherokee class was armed with two 6-pounder cannon and eight 18-pounder carronades. The ships had a crew of 52 officers and ratings.

## Construction and career

Pigeon, the fourth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy, was ordered under the name of Variable on 25 March 1823, laid down in May 1825 at Pembroke Dockyard, Wales, and launched on 6 October 1827. She was renamed Pigeon on 2 February 1829 and completed on 23 February 1829 at Plymouth Dockyard.
# HMS Gardenia (K99)

HMS Gardenia was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Navy and was built by William Simons and Company in 1940. She was named after Gardenia. Commissioned in 1940, rammed and sunk by HMS Fluellen on 9 November 1942.

## Design and description

In early 1939, with the risk of war with Nazi Germany increasing, it was clear to the Royal Navy that it needed more escort ships to counter the threat from Kriegsmarine U-boats. One particular concern was the need to protect shipping off the east coast of Britain. What was needed was something larger and faster than trawlers, but still cheap enough to be built in large numbers, preferably at small merchant shipyards, as larger yards were already busy. To meet this requirement, the Smiths Dock Company of Middlesbrough, a specialist in the design and build of fishing vessels, offered a development of its 700-ton, 16 knots (18 mph; 30 km/h) whale catcher Southern Pride. They were intended as small convoy escort ships that could be produced quickly and cheaply in large numbers. Despite naval planners' intentions that they be deployed for coastal convoys, their long range meant that they became the mainstay of Mid-Ocean Escort Force convoy protection during the first half of the war. The original Flowers had the standard RN layout, consisting of a raised forecastle, a well deck, then the bridge or wheelhouse, and a continuous deck running aft. The crew quarters were in the foc'sle while the galley was at the rear, making for poor messing arrangements.
The modified Flowers saw the forecastle extended aft past the bridge to the aft end of the funnel, a variation known as the "long forecastle" design. Apart from providing a very useful space where the whole crew could gather out of the weather, the added weight improved the ships' stability and speed and was retroactively applied to a number of the original Flower-class vessels during the mid and latter years of the war.

## Construction and career

Gardenia was laid down by William Simons and Company at their shipyard at Renfrew, on 20 September 1939 and launched on 10 April 1940. She was commissioned on 24 May 1940.
Gardenia collided with HMS Fluellen and sank off Oran, Algeria on 9 November 1942.
# Fumone

Fumone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Rome and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Frosinone.

## Geography

The town is on an isolated conical hill upon the Sacco Valley. It borders with the municipalities of Alatri, Anagni, Ferentino, and Trivigliano.

## Main sights

The castle of Fumone was the main Papal stronghold in southern Latium. Today it houses an archaeological museum. Pope Celestine V was jailed here after his renunciation of the papal throne.
Also notable is the church of Santa Maria Annunziata, which houses relics of St. Sebastian.
# Funa laterculoides

Funa laterculoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. It was first described by K. H. Barnard in 1958.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 25 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs off the coasts of South Africa.
# Funabaru Kofun

The Funabaru Kofun (船原古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Taniyama neighborhood of the city of Koga, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2016.

## Overview

The Funabaru Kofun was discovered in 1995 during land reclamation for farmland improvement. It is a zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above, and is estimated to have been constructed between the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century. The existing length is 37.4 meters, and the restored total length is estimated to be over 45 meters. It was excavated from 2012 to 2013. The burial chamber was a horizontal-entry stone chamber made of monoliths, with an anterior and posterior room. The site is noteworthy for its wealth of grave goods, which were unusually buried in pits outside the main tumulus. The No. 1 earthen pit, which has an inverted L-shape, contained over 500 items. These included the first chandelier-shaped gilt-bronze horse harness decorations found in Japan, including a cross-piece fitting with a green glass bead set in the center, and metal weapons, armor and agricultural tools. The luxury of the harness was comparable to the quality of the artifacts excavated from the Fujinoki Kofun in Nara Prefecture. After the excavation was completed, both the burial chamber was backfilled. In April 2018, a plaza and parking lot were built adjacent to the tumulus, and it is possible to visit the exterior.
The tumulus is approximately 4.7 kilometres southeast of Koga Station on the JR Kyushu Kagoshima Main Line (12 minutes by car).
# HMS Searcher

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Searcher:
* HMS Searcher (1562) was a brigantine built in 1562 and sold in 1564.
* HMS Searcher (1918) was an S-class destroyer launched in 1918 and sold in 1938.
* HMS Searcher (D40) was an Attacker-class escort carrier launched in 1942 and transferred under lend-lease. She was returned the US Navy in 1945 and sold into mercantile service.
* HMS Searcher (L3058) was a Landing Ship, Tank launched as LST 3508 in 1944, renamed HMS Searcher in 1947 and broken up in 1949.
# Frostburn (disambiguation)

Frostburn is a supplemental book to the Dungeons and Dragons game.
Frostburn may also refer to:
* Frost burn, frostbite
* Frostburn (Regional Burn), a regional Burning Man event in West Virginia
* Frostburn Studios, a video game developer
# HSwMS Småland

Several ships of the Swedish Navy have been named HSwMS Småland, named after the Småland province:
* Småland (1680) was a ship of the line launched in 1680 as Drottning Hedvig Eleonora and renamed Sverige in 1694 and Småland the same year
* Småland (1688) was a ship of the line launched in 1688, renamed Wenden in 1694 and sunk in 1734
* Småland (1749) was a galley launched in 1749
* HSwMS Småland (J19) was a Halland-class destroyer launched in 1952 and decommissioned in 1984
# HSwMS Spica (T121)

HSwMS Spica (T121) is a former Swedish Navy Spica-class, torpedo-armed, fast attack craft (FAC), now a museum ship at the Vasa Museum in Stockholm, Sweden.

## Construction and career

The vessel was one of three constructed in the 1960s by Götaverken AB on Hisingen, the other two being HSwMS Sirius (T122) and HSwMS Capella (T123). Three similar vessels were built by Karlskronavarvet.
The vessel was taken out of service in 1989 and made into a museum ship in her former home port of Karlskrona until 2002. It was subsequently moved to the Vasa Museum. It is a listed historic ship of Sweden.

## Gallery

* HSwMS Spica at sea in 1966.
* HSwMS Spica at sea in 1966.
* HSwMS Spica moored outside of the Vasa Museum in July 2005. The tall funnel belongs to SS Sankt Erik, moored on the other side of the jetty.
* HSwMS Spica moored outside of the Vasa Museum in July 2005. The tall funnel belongs to SS Sankt Erik, moored on the other side of the jetty.
* HSwMS Spica underway on 8 September 2018.
# HSM-70

Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 70 (HSM-70) "Spartans" is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at NAS Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The squadron is equipped with the Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk. Currently, HSM-70 is attached to Carrier Air Wing Eight.
# HSM-79

Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron Seven Nine (HSM-79) "Griffins" is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at Naval Base Rota, Rota, Spain.
The unit operates the Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk which provides deployed aircraft and crews to ships of the Sixth Fleet.
The unit has a detachment deployed to Naval Station Rota, Spain, by the end of 2022 the entire squadron will permanently deploy to Rota, to support European based ships.
# HMY Royal Caroline (1750)

HMY Royal Caroline was a ship-rigged royal yacht. She was ordered in 1749 to replace HMY Carolina as Britain's principal royal yacht. She was built at Deptford Dockyard under the supervision of Master Shipwright John Hollond to a design by Surveyor of the Navy Joseph Allin. She was launched on 29 January 1750 and was broken up 70 years later, in 1820.

## Service

Royal Caroline was first commissioned under Captain Sir Charles Molloy, who commanded her until 1753. Captain Sir Piercy Brett took over in 1754, and in August 1761 she became the flagship of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Anson, with Captain Peter Denis as his flag-captain. Anson had orders to convey Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from Cuxhaven, Kiel to marry George III. Accompanying the yacht, renamed HMY Royal Charlotte in honour of the occasion, was a squadron of warships and four other royal yachts, HMY Mary, Katherine, Augusta and Fubbs. During the return voyage the squadron was three times blown over to the Norwegian coast by westerly gales and took ten days to reach Harwich, which it did on 6 September 1761.
Royal Charlotte was commissioned under Peter Denis in December 1763, and remained under his command until 1770. Denis was succeeded by Captain John Campbell that year, and Campbell remained in command until his promotion to rear-admiral in 1777. Royal Charlotte was recommissioned under Captain William Cornwallis in March 1783, and he was succeeded in turn by Captain Sir Hyde Parker in 1788. The yacht was briefly recommissioned in December 1792, but was paid off the following year.

## French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

She continued to be used for official occasions during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with King George III making frequent trips in his yachts to welcome returning fleets and to conduct fleet reviews. The King embarked on Royal Charlotte in 1797 to visit the fleet at the Nore after the Battle of Camperdown, in order to honour Admiral Adam Duncan. Contrary winds however prevented the ship from reaching the mouth of the Thames, and instead the King was blown back up river to Greenwich. Royal Charlotte recommissioned again in May 1801 under Captain Sir Harry Neale, though by February 1804 Captain George Grey was in command. Grey was succeeded later in 1804 by Captain George Henry Towry, and he in turn in 1805 by Captain Edward Foote. By this time Royal Charlotte had been succeeded as the principal royal yacht by the introduction of the slightly larger HMY Royal Sovereign in 1804. Captain Foote commanded the yacht until 1812, when Captain Thomas Eyles took over command, and in June 1814 Captain George Scott became her commander. Royal Charlotte continued in service until July 1820, when she was finally broken up.
# Fulvophyton macrosporum

Fulvophyton macrosporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellographaceae. Found in the Seychelles, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists Damien Ertz and Paul Diederich. Its differentiation from the morphologically similar Sclerophyton madagascariense primarily hinges on its 10–14 (and at times, up to 16) septate (partitioned) ascospores and the existence of psoromic acid, while S. madagascariense typically contains 8–10-septate ascospores and features stictic acid. Fulvophyton macrosporum was first identified in Seychelles, in the Praslin National Park, situated southeast of Vallée de Mai. The species was discovered growing on trees between altitudes of 250–360 m (820–1,180 ft). Its species epithet macrosporum alludes to the relatively large ascospores that characterise the species.
The thallus of Fulvophyton macrosporum can measure up to approximately 5 cm (2 in) in diameter and has a continuous, smooth, yellowish-white surface. In terms of thickness, the thallus can vary from very thin to around 280 μm, becoming noticeably thicker near the ascomata. The photobiont partner in this symbiotic relationship is Trentpohlia, a genus of green algae. Ascomata, the fruiting bodies where sexual spores are formed, are generally lined or grouped from 10 to 100, with dimensions of 40–135 μm at the surface. The hymenial disc, the fertile surface bearing the reproductive organs, is characterised by a dark brown to black colouration.
# Fátima, Tocantins

Fátima is a municipality in the state of Tocantins, in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Fáry–Milnor theorem

In the mathematical theory of knots, the Fáry–Milnor theorem, named after István Fáry and John Milnor, states that three-dimensional smooth curves with small total curvature must be unknotted. The theorem was proved independently by Fáry in 1949 and Milnor in 1950. It was later shown to follow from the existence of quadrisecants (Denne 2004).

## Statement

If K is any closed curve in Euclidean space that is sufficiently smooth to define the curvature κ at each of its points, and if the total absolute curvature is less than or equal to 4π, then K is an unknot, i.e.:
    ${\text{If}}\ \oint _{K}|\kappa (s)|\,\mathrm {d} s\leq 4\pi ,\ {\text{then}}\ K\ {\text{is an unknot}}.$
The contrapositive tells us that if K is not an unknot, i.e. K is not isotopic to the circle, then the total curvature will be strictly greater than 4π. Notice that having the total curvature less than or equal to 4π is merely a sufficient condition for K to be an unknot; it is not a necessary condition. In other words, although all knots with total curvature less than or equal to 4π are the unknot, there exist unknots with curvature strictly greater than 4π.

## Generalizations to non-smooth curves

For closed polygonal chains the same result holds with the integral of curvature replaced by the sum of angles between adjacent segments of the chain. By approximating arbitrary curves by polygonal chains, one may extend the definition of total curvature to larger classes of curves, within which the Fáry–Milnor theorem also holds (Milnor 1950, Sullivan 2008).
# Habronattus ustulatus

Habronattus ustulatus is a species of spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the USA and Mexico.
# Fun Inc

Fun Inc is a book first published in January 2010 by Tom Chatfield, examining video games in terms of their cultural status, potentials as a medium and as a business. It addresses popular concerns such as the debate over violence in games, as well as the questions of games as art, as one of the most fundamental of human cultural activities, and as a potentially transforming force in the social sciences, economics and 21st century life.
The UK edition is published by Virgin Books (ISBN 0-7535-1985-2) while the US edition is published by Pegasus Books (ISBN 1-60598-143-5).
# Fössta tossdan i mass

Fössta tossdan i mass ('First Thursday in March') is an unofficial and somewhat tongue-in-cheek national day for the landskap (traditional province) of Småland in south-central Sweden. The basis of the celebration is the characteristic tendency of the Småland dialect to omit the sound /r/ when it comes at the beginning of a consonant cluster; as the phrase 'first Thursday in March', första torsdagen i mars in Swedish, has three such instances in quick succession, it makes this tic particularly conspicuous, sounding like fössta tossdan i mass when pronounced in a broad Småland accent. The holiday is celebrated with a marzipan cake (marsipantårta, pronounced massipantååta in the Småland accent), ideally decorated with the text Fössta tossdan i mass.

## Background

The holiday was founded by the Smålander Jonas Svenningson, who was amused by the way his aunt, who had a particularly strong local accent, referred to 1 March as fössta mass. Building on this, he added tossdan (the Småland pronunciation of torsdagen, 'the Thursday') to create the phrase fössta tossdan i mars, and in February 2010 he created a Facebook page under this title. Already by 3 March 2010, the very first fössta tossdan, the page had accumulated 500 followers.
The celebration was first brought to wider attention in March 2012 by the local radio station P4 Jönköping [sv], and it was in that same year that the idea of celebrating with a marzipan cake (or rather a massipantååta) was introduced. Since then, awareness of the event has increased, and it is now regarded as Småland's unofficial national day. Some people have also come up with new ways of celebrating the day in addition to the massipantååta, such as drinking bäss (i.e. bärs, a slang term for beer).
On March 4, 2021, Smålands Turism, Destination Småland and the local government of Kalmar County launched a joint social media campaign to promote Småland as a tourist destination by publicising Fössta Tossdan i Mass celebrations and by encouraging people to use Småländska expressions.
# Furqan Ansari

Furkan Ansari (born 5 February 1948) is an Indian politician. A member of the Indian National Congress (INC), he was the Member of Parliament for the Godda constituency of Jharkhand in the 14th Lok Sabha (2004-2009). He is Senior INC Leader of Jharkhand and was a Member of Bihar and Jharkhand Legislative Assembly for five terms from 1980 to 2004.
His son Irfan Ansari is a Member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly for the Jamtara constituency; he too is an INC member.
# Full twisting layout

A full twisting layout, also called a full twist or a full, is a gymnastics move. The layout requires an extended body while flipping upside down; while the full-twist requires a 360-degree rotation, Because it combines flipping and twisting simultaneously, it is an advanced move.

## Skills

In order to be in good condition to execute this skill, some skills are recommended; these include: roundoff, back handspring, back tuck, layout, and a half twisting layout. The skill absolutely required in learning a full-twisting layout, is a proficiency in a back layout. Back layouts are commonly performed in a tumbling pass and oftentimes preceded by a round-off back handspring.

## Standing Twist

The full-twisting layout is a complex skill and requires professional coaching. The standing twist is a drill to aid with body awareness. Practicing this skill requires a perfect alignment of the body along the long axis. The long axis is an imaginary line running through the center of the body from head to toe. The purpose of the skill is to practice landing exactly how you started; arms over your head, feet together, and your body tightened and straight. Practicing the standing twist helps you gain awareness in the air. This awareness prevents you from getting directionally lost in the air. It is recommended to start with a half twist, and then progress to a full twist.

## Twisting on the Floor

The use of additional matting on the floor, can aid in injury prevention. To start, gymnasts can attempt half-twists on the floor exercise. Once the half-twist layout is comfortable, a gymnast can then attempt a full-twisting layout.

## Cautions

The full-twisting layout is a complex skill and requires professional coaching. Trampolines add height to tumbling and have much more give. Special attention to speed and power is required when transferring the full-twist to the floor which is much more stiff. A focus on speed and power helps prevent injury low landings or incomplete rotations

## Popularity

This skill is introduced in floor routines in levels 6 and 7. It is legal for competition in level 7. It is typically not done on the beam until later levels, but it is commonly done as a vault, in the form of a Yurchenko or Tsukahara. This is one of the basic skills in the upper levels of gymnastics. This skill is also popular in Power Tumbling. It is not required until level nine, but may be included in a tumbling pass as early as level 7. In Allstar Cheerleading, full twisting layouts are legal level 5 and above.
# Fulladu East

Fulladu East was one of the four districts of the Upper River Division of the Gambia. The Upper River Division is now the Basse Local Government Area, and the former Fulladu East District is now divided into a Basse Fulladu East District, a Jimara District and a Tumana District.
Fulladu East contains a number of towns including Allunhari, Allunhari Abdou, Badarri, Bakadaji, Basse Nding, Basse Santa Su, Berefet, Besang Dugu, Bohum Kunda, Busura Alieu, Chamoi, Chamoi Bunda, Demba Kunda and Kulari. Its population in the 2013 census was 49,990.
# GPAM

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPAM gene.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15), which catalyzes the initial and committing step in glycerolipid biosynthesis, is predicted to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular triacylglycerol and phospholipid levels. Two mammalian forms of GPAT have been identified on the basis of localization to either the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.[supplied by OMIM]
# Hagley Road railway station

Hagley Road railway station was a railway station in Birmingham, England, built by the Harborne Railway and operated by the London and North Western Railway in 1874. In addition to the passenger facilities, there was also a goods yard and a coal wharf.
It served part of the Edgbaston area of Birmingham and was located between Hagley Road and Station Avenue.
The station closed to passenger traffic in 1934, though it was open to goods traffic until 1963.
There is little evidence of the station on the ground today. The trackbed through the station is now part of the Harborne Nature Walk.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Harborne | Harborne Railway Harborne Branch Line | Rotton Park Road |