OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perchtenlaufen

Perchtenlaufen is a folk custom found in the Tyrol region of Central Europe. Occurring on set occasions, the ceremony involves two groups of locals fighting against one another, using wooden canes and sticks. Both groups are masked, one as 'beautiful' and the other as 'ugly' Perchte.

## Activity

There were already established pagan traditions in the Alpine regions that became intertwined with Catholicism. People would masquerade as a devilish figure known as Percht, a two-legged humanoid goat with a giraffe-like neck, wearing animal furs. People wore costumes and marched in processions known as Perchtenlaufen. The Perchtenlaufen were looked at with suspicion by the Catholic Church and banned by some civil authorities. Due to sparse population and rugged environments within the Alpine region, the ban was not effective or easily enforced, rendering the ban useless.
In the state of Styria, Southeastern Austria, all of the Perchtln were played by women right into the 19th century. As a part of this, they blackened their faces, wore their hair long and sometimes exposed their breasts. In the mid-20th century, one old woman was recorded as saying that when she was young she remembered seeing a female Perchtln from the Styrian municipality of Donnersbach who carried a swaddled baby. She related that many of the women dressed as Perchtln would let one breast hang out, but that they were so well disguised that "no one needed to be ashamed."
In January 1977, the German anthropologist Hans Peter Duerr attended the Perchtenlaufen in Styria, noting that by that time there were no more female Perchtln, with youths instead having taken up all of those roles.

## Interpretations

The Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg made reference to the perchtenlaufen in his book The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (1966, English translation 1983). He noted similarities between the perchtenlaufen and the benandanti, a visionary tradition which existed in Early Modern Friuli, a province in Northeastern Italy, which was the primary focus of The Night Battles. He remarked that the perchtenlaufen was "undoubtedly a remnant of the ancient ritual battles" which he believed had originally been based around the fertility of the crops.
Ginzburg's comparison between the perchtenlaufenand the benandanti was adopted by the German anthropologist Hans Peter Duerr in his book Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary between Wilderness and Civilization (1978, English translation 1985). He also compared it to the case of the Livonian werewolf, arguing that they all represent a clash between the forces of order and chaos.
# Naihua Duan

Naihua Duan (Chinese: 段乃華; born 31 October 1949) is a Taiwanese biostatistician specializing in mental health services and policy research at Columbia University. Duan is a professor of biostatistics (in psychiatry) with tenure in the Departments of Psychiatry and Biostatistics at Columbia University Medical Center, and a senior research scientist at NYSPI.

## Education and career

Duan received a B.S. in mathematics from National Taiwan University, an M.A. in mathematical statistics from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in statistics from Stanford University.
He is an elected fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He has also served as a member of the editorial board for Statistica Sinica and Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology, and associate editor for the Journal of the American Statistical Association. In addition, he served on a number of national and international panels, such as the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Policy and Committee on Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research; the National Research Council's Committee on Carbon Monoxide Episodes in Meteorological and Topological Problems Areas; and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Behavioral Sciences Workgroup.
# He Is

He Is may refer to:
* He Is (Brandy song), 2002
* He Is (Ghost song), 2015
# Parvotettix

Parvotettix is an extant genus of cave cricket from the order Orthoptera in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to Tasmania, Australia. The genus was established in 1968 by Aola Richards and contains six species she described. Parvotettix is a sister group to the subfamily Macropathinae, forming a paraphyletic Australian grouping.

## Habitat

Parvotettix occupy epigean, subterranean habitats. Parvotettix were initially discovered in limestone caves. Various species within the genus Parvotettix inhabit environmental structures such as mine adits, large rock crevices, tree logs, caves, burrows created by other animals and within houses. Parvotettix thrive in dark, moist environments in colder temperatures at sea level.
There is no threatening conservation risk associated with Parvotettix. Environmental factors that increase vulnerability for Parvotettix include predation by rodents that are introduced to the area, interspecific competition, climate change impacts and illegal capture by humans.

## Geographical origin

The lineage Parvotettix is sister to all cave cricket species in the Southern Hemisphere, suggesting dispersal from Tasmania around the globe. None of the Macropathinae have wings so their distribution has been suggested to date to Gondwana breakup. The six species of Parvotettix are not closely related to other Australian genera in Tasmania (e.g. Micropathus) or genera in south-eastern mainland (e.g. Novotettix). The dispersal of Parvotettix from or to Tasmania may have been facilitated by a land bridge which connected the areas of Wilson's Promontory, Victoria and Flinders Island, Tasmania in the Pleistocene period until approximately 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Species of Parvotettix have been observed on Cape Barren Island and Flinders Island. Relationships among the six Parvotettix species might be explained by geographic isolation and connection as during the Pleistocene era the Furneaux Islands and north-eastern Tasmania were joint together, and 1,500 years after the linkage between Wilson's Promontory and Flinders Island, a land bridge formed joining Flinders Island and Tasmania.

## Morphology

Parvotettix are wingless, have short setae covering the body surface, long thin legs with apical spines and long antennae that narrows near the tip. Parvotettix have a segmented body where from segment four, the length of each segment is approximately the same whilst segments become reduced in size. Maxillary palps with the third and fourth segments being of approximate length to each other. They also possess coxa and a spine.

## Species

* Parvotettix domesticus Richards, 1970
* Parvotettix fortescuensis Richards (fontescuensis Otte, 2000)
* Parvotettix goedei Richards, 1968
* Parvotettix maydenaensis Richards, 1971
* Parvotettix rangaensis Richards, 1970
* Parvotettix whinrayi Richards, 1974
# Eudonia torniplagalis

Eudonia torniplagalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from South Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, the mountains of the south-western United States and from British Columbia to southern California.

## Subspecies

* Eudonia torniplagalis torniplagalis (British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Washington)
* Eudonia torniplagalis alialis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1912) (South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico)
* Eudonia torniplagalis perfectalis Munroe, 1972 (California)
# Tiumpan Head

Tiumpan Head (Scottish Gaelic:Rubha an Tiùmpain or Rudha an Tiùmpain) is the north-eastern end of the Point peninsula on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Tiumpan Head Lighthouse has marked the western limit of The Minch since 1900.

## Footnotes

* This Scottish location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Locust Corner, Ohio

Locust Corner is an unincorporated community in Clermont County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Locust Corner, originally called Pleasant Hill, had its start around 1830 when the first store opened there. A post office called Locust Corner was established in 1846, and remained in operation until 1905.
# Lake Yosemite

Lake Yosemite is an artificial freshwater lake located approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) east of Merced, California, in the rolling Sierra Foothills. UC Merced is situated approximately 0.5 mi (0.80 km) south of Lake Yosemite. The university is bounded by the lake on one side, and two canals (Fairfield Canal and Le Grand Canal) run through the campus.

## Operation

Lake Yosemite is a reservoir built in 1888 for irrigation purposes. It is currently owned and operated by Merced Irrigation District, which supplies irrigation water to farms in Merced County. Recreation on the lake is managed by the Merced County Parks and Recreation Department.

## Recreation

All boating is permitted, including jet skis and water skiing. The lake is equipped with boat launches. Swimming is allowed only in certain designated areas. Swimming outside of these areas is strictly prohibited and could result in a citation. A kayak/SUP rental business (The Padyak Shack) is in operation and has a friendly and knowledgeable staff.
Onshore, shaded picnic areas, which feature picnic tables, barbecue pits, restrooms, and a small playground, are available.

### Lake Yosemite Sailing Association

The lake is home to the Lake Yosemite Sailing Association (LYSA), which was founded in 1988 and currently has more than 90 members. The LYSA hosts club sailboat races at Lake Yosemite Thursday evenings during the summer months and also organizes sailing trips to nearby lakes and bays in California. Lake Yosemite Sailing Association also conducts Youth Sail camps during the summer months, teaching and training the next generation of sailors.

## Alleged paranormal phenomena

The lake's tower is said to be haunted by the "Lady of the Lake". According to the horror stories, the ghost has long flowing white hair and wears a long white gown. She is said to walk around the tower catwalk and on the lake's surface looking for her lost child or lover. The ghost has also been reported to walk along Old Lake Road, occasionally stepping into the path of oncoming traffic.
# Perché uccidi ancora

Perché uccidi ancora (English title: Blue Summer) is a 1965 Italian western film adventure directed by José Antonio de la Loma and Edoardo Mulargia.

## Plot

Steven MacDougall quits the army when he receives the message that his father has been gunned down by a member of the Lopez clan. He hurries to protect his kin but the Lopez clan knows that he's coming. Only scarcely he escapes their trap. When he's eventually joined his family, their farm is attacked, yet Steven fights of his enemies another time. Now the fiendish Lopez clan hires a professional assassin from outside.

## Cast

* Anthony Steffen ... Steve McDougall
* Ida Galli ... Judy McDougall
* Aldo Berti ... Gringo
* Gemma Cuervo ... Pilar Gómez (as Jennifer Crowe)
* José Calvo ... López (as Josepe Calvo)
* Hugo Blanco ... Manuel Lopez
* José Torres ... Lopez Henchman
* Franco Latini ... Oliveras (as Frank Campbell)
* Ignazio Leone
* Lino Desmond ... Gringo's brother
* Willi Colombini
* Stelio Candelli (as Stanley Kent)
* Giovanni Ivan Scratuglia ... Lopez Henchman (as Giovanni Ivan)
# Hebrew and Aramaic papyri

Hebrew and Aramaic papyri have increasingly been discovered from the 1960s onwards, although these papyri remain rare compared to papyri written in Koine Greek and Demotic Egyptian (no relation except in name, "popular," to modern demotic Greek). The most valuable and religious texts were written on leather scrolls, parchment - such as the literary texts from Masada and Qumran, while papyrus was employed for cheaper, domestic use.
A standard work is the Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum of Victor Tcherikover and Alexander Fuks (Cambridge, Massachusetts Vol.I 1957, II 1960, III ed. Menahem Stern 1964) which is largely of Greek language papyri but includes examples of Hebrew and Aramaic papyri from Israel, Jordan, and Egypt.

## In Egypt

In 1909 Joseph Offord remarks that Germany had acquired all the Hebrew papyri found in Upper Egypt the previous winter, but that many were still to be found. In 1966 the Bodleian Library possessed only four Hebrew and three Aramaic papyri.

## Qumran

The main corpus, in terms of volume and significance, are the finds at Qumran (1948 onwards). Very few Biblical papyri (as opposed to scrolls) were found at Qumran.

## Aside from Qumran

In January 1952 Gerald Lankester Harding and Roland de Vaux commenced excavations in four caves at Wadi Murabba'at. 173 documents were found. 1 Aramaic and 1 Greek papyri only were found at the Wadi Sdeir.
In 1960-1961 Yigael Yadin excavated Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic papyri from the "Cave of Letters" at Nahal Hever (classified by "XHev" manuscript numbers) among which there were 15 letters; 10 in Hebrew, 3 in Aramaic and 2 in Greek.
In 1962 further finds of 18 Aramaic papyri from Samaria were made in the Wadi Daliyeh.
The 4 papyri from Nahal Se'elim (Wadi Seiyal) are in Greek.
# Pascal Arrighi

Pascal Arrighi (16 June 1921 – 18 August 2004) was a French politician.
Arrighi was born in Vico, Corse-du-Sud. He represented the French Radical Party (from 1956 to 1958), the Union for the New Republic (from 1958 to 1962), and the National Front (from 1986 to 1988) in the French National Assembly. He joined the National Centre of Independents and Peasants in 1989.
# Eugene Nester

Eugene Nester is an American plant microbiologist who has made significant contributions to the field of microbe-host interactions in plants and especially on Agrobacterium species. He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1994. He is an emeritus professor at the University of Washington.
# Tirunelveli Dakshina Mara Nadar Sangam College

Tirunelveli Dakshina Mara Nadar Sangam College, also known as T.D.M.N.S. College, is a general degree college located in Kallikulam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1965. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Computer Science
* Information Technology

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* History
* Economics
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Granite Pass

Granite Pass may be one of the following:

## Mountain passes

* Granite Pass (Arizona) – a pass in La Paz County, Arizona, United States
* Granite Pass (Fresno County, California) – a pass in Fresno County, California, United States
* Granite Pass (Riverside County, California) – a pass in Riverside County, California, United States
* Granite Pass (Drinkwater Lake, California) – a pass in San Bernardino County, California, United States
* Granite Pass (Van Winkle Spring, California) – a pass in San Bernardino County, California, United States
* Granite Pass (Colorado) – a pass in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, United States
* Granite Pass (California Trail) – a pass in Cassia County, Idaho, United States
* Granite Pass (Idaho-Montana) – a pass between Clearwater County, Idaho, and Missoula County, Montana, United States
* Granite Pass (New Mexico) – a pass in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States
* Granite Pass (Okanogan and Skagit counties, Washington) – a pass between Okanogan County and Skagit County, Washington, United States
* Granite Pass (Pend Oreille County, Washington) – a pass in Pend Oreille County, Washington, United States
* Granite Pass (Snohomish County, Washington) – a pass in Snohomish County, Washington, United States
* Granite Pass (Wyoming) – a pass between Big Horn County and Sheridan County, Wyoming, United States
# Lalma, Burkina Faso

Lalma is a town located in the region of Centre in Burkina Faso. It is at 12°07'25.9"N 1°41'19.8"W and has an unknown population (2024).
# Syanikhal

Syanikhal is market center in Sharada Municipality in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. The place formerly existing as Village Development Committee was annexed to form a new municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3711 people living in 680 individual households.
# Țepu

Țepu is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania with a population of 2,518 people. It is composed of two villages, Țepu and Țepu de Sus.

## Natives

* Tudor Pamfile
# Heinrich Wydler

Heinrich Wydler was a Swiss botanist (24 April 1800 in Zurich – 6 December 1883 in Gernsbach.) He spent the years 1826–27 on a collecting expedition to the West Indies; worked at the St. Petersburg botanical garden in 1828-30; was curator (keeper) of the de Candolle botanical collections at the University of Geneva (G-DeC), 1830–4. He worked as a teacher in Geneva and Bern and after his marriage in 1840 settled in Strasbourg.
The now defunct genus Wydleria DC. (Apiaceae) was named in his honor.

## Complete bibliography

* WorldCat

## Sources

* Nordisk Familjebok
* Allgemeine deutsche Biographie
* Urban, Ignaz, Notae Biographicae, Symbolae Antillanae 3:146,1902.
# Euphorbia ankazobensis

Euphorbia ankazobensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
It is known from one single collection in the Ankazobe area of Madagascar's Central Highlands. Its natural habitat is in remnant montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss, and its natural habitat is extremely fragmented and degraded by human activity. It is assessed as critically endangered.
Trade in this species is regulated under Appendix II of CITES.
# To Be Still

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Guardian | |
| Mojo | |
| musicOMH | |
| NME | (6/10) |
| NOW | |
| The Observer | |
| Paste | (92/100) |
| Pitchfork | (8.0/10) |
| PopMatters | (7/10) |
| Q Magazine | |
| Spin | |
| Uncut | |
To Be Still is the second studio album by indie folk musician Alela Diane, released February 17, 2009 on Rough Trade Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alela Diane Menig
# Granite Pass (California Trail)

Granite Pass on the California Trail, located in what is now Cassia County, Idaho less than half a mile north of Utah, has historic significance dating to 1842 when it was found by Joseph B. Chiles to serve as an adequate emigrant trail route to come west toward California from the Oregon Trail route that went through Fort Hall. Chiles was then returning east to Fort Hall in a small group that dropped out of the Bartleson–Bidwell Party, the first group attempting to emigrate with wagons from Missouri to California. The Granite Pass can be seen from far away, coming from that direction. When Chiles brought a west-bound wagon group through the pass in 1843 it became established. The California Trail eventually evolved and went through this pass; Chiles led seven different groups through the pass. When first used for emigrants as a wagon trail, it was part of Mexico.
A 160-acre (65 ha) area at the pass was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
# George Tanner

George Tanner may refer to:
* George Tanner (Australian footballer) (1914–1982), Australian rules footballer
* George Tanner (English footballer) (born 1999), English footballer for Bristol City
# Lalma

Lalma may refer to:
LALMA is also an acronym for:
# Mairead Buicke

Mairead Buicke (born 1981 in Limerick) is an Irish operatic soprano active in concert and recital work as well as opera. She is currently a Company Principal with the English National Opera and a member of their Young Singers Programme. She started taking singing lessons at 14 and in 2003 graduated from the Royal Irish Academy of Music with a First-class honours degree in Performance. In 2004 she was a special prize winner in the Belvedere International Singing Competition in Vienna as well as winning the Gervase Elwes Cup at Dublin's Feis Ceoil festival.
Buicke's performances as the soprano soloist with Ireland's RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra include Mahler's Symphony No 8 and Symphony No 4, as well as RTÉ's eight part television series, "Mozart Sessions". She also sang Mimì in the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra's concert performance of La bohème (2005) and Gretel in their concert performance of Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel (2007). Her other operatic performances have included the title role in William Vincent Wallace's opera Maritana to celebrate the 275th anniversary of the Royal Dublin Society, and both Pacquette in Leonard Bernstein's Candide (2008), and First Lady in The Magic Flute (2007) for the English National Opera.
# Țepeș Vodă

Țepeș Vodă may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Țepeș Vodă, a village in Movila Miresii Commune, Brăila County
* Țepeș Vodă, a village in Siliștea Commune, Constanța County
# Gerbrand Harkes

Gerbrand Harkes (also Garbrand Herks, Harks, Harcks, etc.) (fl. 1538–1593) was a Dutch Protestant who became a bookseller and dealer in manuscripts in England.

## Life

Harks was born around 1510 in the Low Countries. He was an early convert to Calvinism and in 1538 fled to Protestant England, where he settled as a bookseller at Bulkeley Hall, since incorporated into Oriel College, Oxford. At the beginning of Edward VI's reign he purchased many libraries from the suppressed monasteries, some of which subsequently entered the Bodleian Library. As early as 1551 he regularly supplied books to Magdalen College. In addition to his bookselling business he also sold stationery, becoming official stationer to the University, and in 1546 was licensed to sell wine as well.
In 1556 Harkes's house was a meeting place for Protestants who, on account of the Marian Persecutions, worshipped in a cellar there.
In 1593, Harks was still alive, as he acquired five shops, two cellars, and two acres of meadow. His will, made on 5 August 1592, was proved on 3 May 1596.

## Family

Harkes had a number of sons, some of whom carried on the bookselling business in the later years of the century.
* Richard Garbrand was admitted a bookseller at Oxford 5 December 1573, and was alive in 1590.
* Thomas, born in 1539, was probationary fellow of Magdalen College from 1557 to 1570 (B.A. 1558, M.A. 1562), and was senior proctor 1565–6.
* John Garbrand, born 1541/2, was a cleric and the literary executor of John Jewel.
* William, born in 1549, was also fellow of Magdalen from 1570 to 1577 (B.A. 1570, M.A. 1574), when he seems to have been suspended for insubordination.
Four members of the third generation of the same family are well known.
* Ambrose, born at Oxford in 1584, received the privileges of an Oxford citizen in 1601, and in 1616 was a chief officer of the London Stationers' Company.
* John, born in 1585, was a scholar of Winchester College in 1596, fellow of New College, Oxford, from 1606 to 1608 (B.A. in 1603–4, M.A. in 1608), and pursued the bookseller's trade at Oxford, dying about 1618, when his widow Martha remarried Christopher Rogers, principal of New Inn Hall.
* The eldest son of Richard was the Reverend Tobias Garbrand (1579-1638). A Demy of Magdalen in 1591, earning an M.A. and a B.D., he was elected a Fellow of the College in 1605 and Vice-President in 1618. In 1619 he became vicar of Findon in Sussex, a post he held for the rest of his life. His will was proved on 13 November 1638
* Richard's youngest son Nicholas Garbrand, born in 1600, was also at Magdalen. He was demy 1614–19, fellow from 1619 to 1639 (B.A. 1618, M.A. 1621, B.D. 1631); vicar of Washington, Sussex, 2 September 1638 to 1671, vicar of Patching, Sussex, 1660–71, prebendary of Chichester 1660–9.
* Susanna Garbrand, daughter of Richard, became the wife of the Rev. Thomas Hooker, founder of Connecticut.
As late as the end of the seventeenth century the family name was often written Garbrand, alias Herks.