OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vitrea diaphana

Vitrea diaphana is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Pristilomatidae.
This is the type species of the genus Vitrea.

## Description

The coiled, rather small, dextral shell is very flattened and conical, the seam hardly rises when viewed from the side. It has a width of 3.1 to 4.2 mm and a height of 1.8 to 2.1 mm. It contains 5½ to 6 tightly wound, regular, only slowly increasing whorls. The body whorl is 1.7 to 2.3 times as wide at the aperture as the penultimate. The aperture is almost half cut off from the penultimate. It is transversely elliptic or transversely ovate when viewed directly from above, and has an obliquely crescent shape, due to the strong incision made by the previous whorl. The aperture is almost perpendicular to the shell axis. The edge of the aperture is usually straight and tapers into a point. However, it can be slightly amplified every now and then. The columella is folded and callused. The umbilicus is closed and often covered by the folded edge of the columella.
The thin shell is colorless and glassy translucent. The surface is almost smooth and has a high gloss. The growth lines are only clearly visible near the seam and are slightly more striped.

## Distribution

The distribution of this species is alpine and southern-European.
* Czech Republic
* Ukraine
Vitrea diaphana lives in moderately moist locations, under leaf litter and dead wood, among rocks and debris of mountain forests.
# Virginie Caillé-Bastide

Virginie Caillé-Bastide is a French writer of historical fiction. She was born in 1962 in Lorient. Her historical novels Le Sans Dieu and Le Sans Maitre are set in 18th-century Brittany.
# Vitruvian opening

A Vitruvian opening is a window or frame that is slightly larger at the bottom than the top.
The term was first described by Vitruvius and mentioned by Andrea Palladio, referring to a window at the Temple of Vesta at Tivoli. The term Tivoli window is also used.
# Virginius (play)

Virginius is an 1820 tragedy by the Irish writer James Sheridan Knowles. It was part of a crop of plays set during the Roman Republic, part of a revival of interest in the period. The original cast featured William Macready as Virginius and also included Maria Foote as Virginia, Harriet Faucit as Servia, William Abbot as Appius Claudius, Charles Connor as Caius Claudius, John Faucit as Titus, Daniel Egerton as Numitorious, Thomas Comer as Lucius, Charles Kemble as Icilius and Daniel Terry as Dentatus.
# Nikare II

Nikare II was a pharaoh of the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is attested by some scarabs belonging to the British Museum, to the Petrie Museum, and to the Fraser collection.
This king should not be confused with Nikare, another pharaoh who reigned several centuries earlier.
# Nicole Algan

Nicole Algan (June 13 1924 – May 29, 1986) was a French sculptor.

## Biography

From 1942 to 1944 Algan studied the École des Beaux-arts de Paris, in the studio of Charles Despiau. She then worked with Derain from 1944 to 1954.
In 1957 Argan taught sculpture at the d'Hussein Dey youth school in Alger.
In 1968 she realized en a large monument to the dead of Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, made of five blocks of cement three metres high by five metres wide, and a bust of Facteur Cheval at Hauterives.

## Exhibitions

* 1971 : L'Œil écoute, Lyon
* 1976 : L'art marginal, Nice

## Collections

* Musée de Grenoble
* Hauterives, bust at the Palais du Facteur Cheval
* Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon : Le petit dieu, sculpture, wood and steel, 137 x 70 x 30 cm
* Musée de Romans-sur-Isère, jardin : sculptures
# Vladimir Jurko Glaser

Vladimir Jurko Glaser (21 April 1924 – 22 January 1984) was a Croatian theoretical physicist working on quantum field theory and the canonization of the analytic S-matrix.

## Biography

Glaser was born in Gorizia, Italy. His father, Vladimir Glaser, was a prominent Slovene lawyer and minority rights activist. His mother, Ana née Besednjak, was the sister of the politician Engelbert Besednjak. His paternal aunt Eleonora (Lola) was married to the famous neurologist Constantin von Economo.
The family fled to Yugoslavia in 1929, first to Maribor, then to Belgrade, Odžaci and finally to Zagreb in 1941. He graduated physics from the University of Zagreb in 1949 and later was attending seminar of Werner Heisenberg (1951-52) at Göttingen. Based on work carried out in Göttingen under Heisenberg he received a doctorate degree from the University of Zagreb. Being a part of Heisenberg's group at Göttingen he later worked with many famous physicists such as Harry Lehmann, Wolfhart Zimmermann (on extensions of LSZ formalism) and Walter Thirring. From 1955 to 1957 he was head of the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb. In 1957 he found a permanent employment at the Department of Theoretical Physics of CERN, Geneva. He died in Geneva.
In 1955, he published one of the first monographs on quantum electrodynamics, Kovarijantna kvantna elektrodinamika (in Croatian). With French physicists Jacques Bros and Henri Epstein he worked on setting up analyticity properties required for the use of dispersion relations in high energy collisions. Epstein, Glaser and Arthur Jaffe proved that (Wightman) quantum fields can necessarily have negative energy density values. Together with Henri Epstein, he found a new approach to renormalization theory called causal perturbation theory, where ultraviolet divergences are avoided in the calculation of Feynman diagrams by using mathematically well-defined quantities only.
# Vladimir K. Petković

Vladimir K. Petković (Boljevac, Morava Banovina, Kingdom of Serbia, 19 June 1873 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 21 March 1935) was a geologist, professor, dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and later rector of the University of Belgrade. He was succeeded as rector in 1934 by colleague Aleksandar Belić.

## Biography

Vladimir was the son of Kosta and Parlija (née Jovanović) Petković. He first studied at a college in Zaječar, then the University of Belgrade, the University of Vienna and the University of Grenoble (France). He authored several books, including his major work Geologija Istočne Srbije Book 1, published by Srpska kraljevska akademija (Serbian Royal Academy), 1935. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences from 18 February 1922; a full member of the Academy of Natural Sciences since 16 February 1929; and secretary of the Serbian Royal Academy of Natural Sciences from 7 March 1931 to 7 March 1933.
# Vital stain

A vital stain in a casual usage may mean a stain that can be applied on living cells without killing them. Vital stains have been useful for diagnostic and surgical techniques in a variety of medical specialties. In supravital staining, living cells have been removed from an organism, whereas intravital staining is done by injecting or otherwise introducing the stain into the body. The term vital stain is used by some authors to refer to an intravital stain, and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain, the core concept being that the cell being examined is still alive. In a more strict sense, the term vital staining has a meaning contrasting with supravital staining. While in supravital staining the living cells take up the stain, in "vital staining" – the most accepted but apparently paradoxical meaning of this term, the living cells exclude the stain i.e. stain negatively and only the dead cells stain positively and thus viability can be assessed by counting the percentage of total cells that stain negatively. Very bulky or highly charged stains that don't cross live plasma membrane are used as vital stains and supravital stains are those that are either small or are pumped actively into live cells. Since supravital and intravital nature of the staining depends on the dye, a combination of supravital and vital dyes can also be used in a sophisticated way to better classify cells into distinct subsets (e.g. viable, dead, dying etc.).

## List of common vital stains

* Eosin dye exclusion
* Propidium iodide, DNA stain that can differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and normal cells.
* Trypan Blue, a living-cell exclusion dye
* Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
* Erythrosine, which is Red No. 3 in food coloring, can be used as an exclusion dye.
* 7-Aminoactinomycin D used e.g. in flowcytometric studies of hematopoietic stem cell viability.
* Other Vital Stains :
** Janus Green B is a basic dye and vital stain used in histology.
# Nike (Kougioumtzis)

Nike is an abstract sculpture depicting Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, designed by Greek artist Pavlos Angelos Kougioumtzis. Versions of the statue have been donated to every host city of the Olympics since 1996.

## Olympia, Greece

A bronze, 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall version of the sculpture was installed at the International Olympic Academy in Olympia, Greece, in 1995.

## Atlanta

A bronze, 3.5 metres (11 ft) tall version of the statue was installed outside Atlanta City Hall in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1996.

## Beijing

A bronze, 4 metres (13 ft) tall version of the sculpture was installed in Beijing, China, in 2008.

## Vancouver

The Vancouver statue was donated by the city of Olympia to commemorate the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. It was installed at the Cordova Street median at Thurlow in 2014, after being stored at the city works yard for four years. The bronze sculpture is 4 metres (13 ft) tall.

## London

A version of the statue was installed in the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, London in 2012. It is made of bronze.
# Extermination order

An extermination order is an order given by a government sanctioning mass removal or death. The term is often associated with genocide.
Extermination orders were issued in conjunction with the following events:
* Armenian genocide
* California Genocide
* The Holocaust, which did not have an extermination order, involved the extermination of millions of Jews
** Extermination camp, also known as "death camp"
* Missouri Executive Order 44, often called the "Mormon Extermination Order" (alt. "exterminating order") within the Latter Day Saint movement
* The Order of Extermination of the Nayars by Tippu Sultan during Mysore's invasion of Kerala.
Extermination orders can also include:
* No quarter, a term that is used when an order is given for the complete extermination of an enemy, without accepting any offer of surrender
* Decimation (Roman army), a punishment in the Roman Army
# Joseph Bach

Joseph Bach (1784, Buda – February 3, 1866, Pest) was a Hungarian rabbi. After I. N. Mannheimer, he was the first German preacher of a Jewish congregation in Austria-Hungary.
In Alt-Ofen, his birthplace, he began to ground himself early in life in the study of the Talmud. Without the aid of a teacher he studied several foreign languages; after which he attended the University of Prague, remaining there 12 years. Then he returned to his home town, where he married the daughter of a wealthy family, and settled down as a merchant. It was not long, however, before he lost his entire fortune and was left penniless. Destitute of the means of subsistence, he was constrained to accept a situation as teacher. In 1827, despite having never studied homiletics, and had never heard or read a sermon, he was appointed first preacher at the newly organized synagogue of Pest, where he officiated for over thirty years. Many of his sermons have been published. An autobiography, with a preface by Kayserling, was published by his son in Budapest.
# Nuvvekkadunte Nenakkadunta

Nuvvekkadunte Nenakkadunta (translation: I will be there where you are) is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language romance film starring Uday Kiran and Shweta Prasad in the lead roles directed by Subha Selvam. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Pradeep Koneru. The film was released on 20 April 2012 to negative reviews. The film was partially reshot and released in Tamil as Oru Mutham Oru Yuddham in 2013.

## Cast

* Uday Kiran as Hari
* Shweta Prasad as Haritha
* Baby Annie as an orphan child
* Aarthi as Nilambari
* Ajith Kumar as Bhadra
* Nalini
* Ashish Vidyarthi
* Nizhalgal Ravi
* Brahmanandam as Saikumar, hearing impaired advocate
* Chitram Seenu as Seenu
* AVS as finance company boss
* Gundu Hanumantha Rao as priest
* Gautam Raju
* Rajyalakshmi
* Gundu Sudharshan
* Amit Tiwari
* Fish Venkat
* V. S. Raghavan as Hari's grandfather

### Tamil version

* Manobala as finance company boss
* Vennira Aadai Moorthy as Leoni
* Kovai Senthil

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Pradeep Koneru.

## Reception

Times of India wrote "Director Shubha Selvam has tried hard to create suspense in the film, but his efforts only gets onto your nerves and only ends up creating more confusion". 123telugu wrote "Though having an interesting concept, director Selvam has failed miserably in executing it on the screen. None of the scenes are watchable".
# Queensborough, Ontario

Queensborough is an unincorporated community in the municipality of Tweed, Hastings County, in Central Ontario, Canada. It is located north of Ontario Highway 7 on the Black River, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of the village of Tweed and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-east of the town of Madoc.

## Geography

Queensborough was part of the incorporated (today geographic) Elzevir Township before the creation of the amalgamated municipality of Tweed on January 1, 1998.

## History

The first settlement of the area was by Ojibwe First nations who called the place Cooksokie. The first European to settle the area was Miles Riggs in 1830 who built a sawmill then later a flour mill. The flour mill was purchased in 1850 by Daniel Thompson, who renamed the settlement so as to be permitted to open a post office.
A branch line of the Bay of Quinte Railway (BQR) was built through Queensborough opening in 1903 that connected the BQR main line to the southeast to the Central Ontario Railway to the northwest, which allowed the community to prosper from the mining activity in the area that the railway enabled. The line was abandoned in 1935, which led to the closures of the mines.

## Present day

The hamlet includes a community centre and a church in the United Church of Canada. Queensborough is served by the Madoc post office, and so its postal addresses are in Madoc at postal code K0K 2K0. The telephone area codes are 613 and 343.
The community is a canoe and kayak destination for paddlers descending the Black River in spring as part of the M.A.C.K.fest (Marmora Area Canoe and Kayak Festival), and has been recognized by Whitewater Ontario "…in appreciation of the Queensborough Community's ongoing hospitality to whitewater paddlers…".

## Transportation

Hastings County Road 20 crosses the town east to west, heading east then south to a junction with Ontario Highway 7 west of Actinolite, and west to a junction with Hastings County Road 12 at Hazzards Corners.
# Asaka Station

Asaka Station is the name of two train stations in Japan:
* Asaka Station (Osaka) (浅香駅)
* Asaka Station (Saitama) (朝霞駅)
# Eosentomon transitorium

Eosentomon transitorium is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Africa, Europe, and Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Marcus Knight (priest)

Marcus Knight FKC (11 September 1903 – 11 December 1988) was an Anglican priest. He was the Dean of Exeter in the Church of England from 1960 to 1972.
Knight was educated at Christ's Hospital and King's College London . After curacies in Stoke Newington and Ealing he was the Priest-Vicar of Exeter Cathedral. After this he was the Vicar of Cockington and then Rural Dean of Atherstone. He was a canon of St Paul's Cathedral, London from 1946 to 1960 when he was appointed as the Dean of Exeter. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by Exeter University.
# Mark Rashid

Mark Rashid is an American horse trainer, clinician, and author from Estes Park, Colorado. Practicing within the western riding tradition, Rashid's philosophy involves understanding the horse's point of view and solving difficult problems with communication rather than force. His methodology emphasizes the relationship between horse and rider as a partnership, in which the horse willingly takes direction from the rider, rather than a dominant rider directing a submissive horse. His training applies to horses of all disciplines, he has helped Grand Prix Dressage riders, eventers, jumpers and endurance riders, as well as professional reiners, and cutting horses.
While Rashid is grouped as a practitioner within the field of natural horsemanship, he personally tends to avoid that classification and has publicly expressed discomfort with the term when applied to himself and to horsemanship in general.
He has written a number of books on his philosophy, including Big Horses, Good Dogs, & Straight Fences, Horsemanship Through Life, Life Lessons from a Ranch Horse, Horses Never Lie, A Good Horse is Never a Bad Color, Considering the Horse, and Nature in Horsemanship: Discovering Harmony Through Principles of Aikido.
In 2022 Rashid and his wife, Crissi McDonald, presented at The Journey On Podcast Summit in San Antonio, Texas
A unique aspect of Rashid's work is that he is also a practitioner of Yoshinkan aikido and applies its principles to the art of riding.
# Flavoparmelia plicata

Flavoparmelia plicata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Rondônia), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree near a rainforest. The lichen has a greyish-green thallus with a diameter of up to 10 cm (4 in). It contains usnic acid and protocetraric acid. The lichen shares many characteristics with the cosmopolitan species Flavoparmelia caperata, but differs from that species mainly in the form of its isidia.
# Flavoparmelia soredians

Flavoparmelia soredians is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae.
In the late 1990s, an increase in the frequency of Flavoparmelia soredians was noted in the Netherlands, which, until then, occurred rarely in the country. This population increase followed a decrease in the levels of the pollutant sulphur dioxide. Punctelia borreri and Flavoparmelia caperata were two other foliose species that experienced a similar increase in regional frequency during this time.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1872 as Parmelia soredians. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Pseudoparmelia in 1974. It was later one of 17 species he transferred to Flavoparmelia in 1986.
# Grand Duke Sergei

Grand Duke Sergei (Великий князь Сергей) may refer to:
* Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (1857–1905)
* Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia (1869–1918)
# Florencio, Fajardo, Puerto Rico

Florencio is a barrio in the municipality of Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 4,145.

## History

Florencio was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Florencio and Quebrada Vueltas barrios was 1,289.

## Features

PR-976 is the main east–west road through Florencio.
# Florenciellales

Florenciellales is an order of Dictyochophyceae.
It includes Pseudochattonella, Florenciella, and Luteocerasus.
# Grand Theatre

Grand Theatre, Grand Theater, Grand Théâtre (French), may refer to:

## Theatres and cinemas
### Canada

* The Grand Theatre (Kingston, Ontario)
* The Grand Theatre (London, Ontario)
* Grand Théâtre de Québec

### United Kingdom

* Grand Theatre, Blackpool
* Grand Theatre, Clapham
* Grand Theatre, Derby, operated between 1886 and 1950
* Grand Theatre, Doncaster, operated between 1899 and 1963
* Grand Theatre, Leeds
* Grand Theatre, Lancaster
* Grand Theatre, Swansea
* Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton

### United States

* The Grand Theatre, a chain of 14 multiplex cinemas in the southern United States operated by Southern Theatres
* Grand Theatre (Douglas, Arizona), aka Douglas Grand Theatre, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Warner Grand Theatre, San Pedro, California
* Masonic Hall and Grand Theater, Wilmington, Delaware, listed on the NRHP
* Grand Theatre (Cartersville, Georgia), designed by Daniell & Beutell
* Loew's Grand Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia
* Grand Theatre (Wheaton, Illinois), a historic theater
* Brown Grand Theatre, Concordia, Kansas
* Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)
* Grand Theater in Crookston, Minnesota, the oldest continuously operating movie theater in the United States
* Grand Theatre (Manhattan), demolished theater on Grand Street, Manhattan, New York City
* Grand Theater in Bismarck, North Dakota, screens are covered by curtains which open for the previews and feature.
* Grand Theater (Salem, Oregon)
* Grand Theater (Wausau, Wisconsin), built on the site of the former Grand Opera House
* Grand Theatre, another name of the Grand Opera House (St. Louis)

### Elsewhere

Sorted by country
* Grand Theatre, Adelaide, Australia, former cinema
* Grand Theatre, Perth, Australia, a former cinema and theatre
* Chang'an Grand Theatre, Beijing, China
* National Centre for the Performing Arts (China), formerly National Grand Theater, Beijing, China
* Shanghai Grand Theatre, China
* Grand Theatre, Shanghai, China
* Grand Theatre (Copenhagen), Denmark
* Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, France
* Grand Senen Theater, Jakarta, Indonesia
* Konpira Grand Theatre, Kotohira, Kagawa, Japan
* Takarazuka Grand Theater, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan
* Grand Theatre, Lebanon, located in Beirut
* Grand Theatre, Łódź, Poland
* Grand Theatre, Warsaw, Poland
* Grand Théâtre de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
* Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, Ukraine
* Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre, Ukraine

## Other uses

* The Grand Theatre, Volume One, an album by alt-country band Old 97's
* The Grand Theatre, Volume Two, an album by Old 97s
# Flylight Doodle Bug

The Flylight Doodle Bug is a British powered hang glider that was designed and produced by Flylight Airsports starting in 1999. The aircraft is now out of production.

## Design and development

The aircraft features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, single-place accommodation in the seated position, foot-launching and landing and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft uses a standard hang glider wing, made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The engine is a lightweight, two-stroke, single cylinder Radne Raket 120 of 14 hp (10 kW). The Doodle Bug differs from other powered hang gliders in that the pilot flies in the seated position. A cloth fairing behind the pilot streamlines drag and provides space for baggage stowage. The propeller is protected on the ground by two support legs that retract automatically when the pilot assumes the normal flying position, though pressure on the foot rest. Electric starting is optional.

## Specifications (Doodle Bug)

Data from Cliche
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Empty weight: 46 lb (21 kg) plus the weight of the wing
* Fuel capacity: 1.5 U.S. gallons (5.7 L; 1.2 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Radne Raket 120 two-stroke, single cylinder, air-cooled aircraft engine, 14 hp (10 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden, made from laminated yellow poplar with a polyurethane leading edge protection strip
Performance
* Cruise speed: 25 mph (40 km/h, 22 kn)
* Stall speed: 14 mph (23 km/h, 12 kn) depending on wing employed
* Rate of climb: 400 ft/min (2.0 m/s)
# Flylo

Flylo may refer to:
* A fictional airline in the TV show Come Fly With Me.
* American rapper Flying Lotus