OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean-Pierre Machelon

Jean-Pierre Machelon (French:; 31 March 1945 – 2 October 2022) was a French academic and jurist who specialised in public law. He was dean of the faculty of law at Paris Descartes University.

## Biography

Machelon studied at Sciences Po before defending his doctoral thesis at Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University in 1973. From 1973 to 1979, he was a lecturer then assistant professor at Sorbonne Paris North University. He earned an agrégation in public law in 1978 and worked as a law professor at the University of Auvergne from 1980 to 1997.
In 1987, he started working at Paris Descartes University and became Dean of the Faculty of Law [fr]. He was also director of studies in historical and philological sciences at École pratique des hautes études, where he became chair of the history of European institutions in 1992. From 1992 to 1994, he was a technical advisor for constitutional and legal affairs in the cabinet of Senate President [fr] René Monory. From 1994 to 1997, he was Deputy Scientific Director in the Department of Human and Social Sciences at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
From 2003 to 2005, Machelon was Scientific Director for Social Sciences of the Minister of Higher Education and Research. An expert for the Council of Europe, he chaired the scientific council of the Centre d'études en sciences sociales de la défense [fr]. From 2005 to 2006, he chaired the "Machelon commission", which conducted legal reflection on the relations of religions with public authorities and submitted a report to President Nicolas Sarkozy and the Ministry of the Interior on 20 September 2006. Sarkozy appointed Machelon to the Conseil supérieur de la magistrature [fr], where he served from 2011 to 2015.
Machelon died on 2 October 2022, at the age of 77.

## Publications

* La République contre les libertés (1976)
* La Constitution de L’an III — Boissy d’Anglas et la naissance du liberalisme constitutionnel (1999)
* Les Communes et le pouvoir — Histoire politique des communes françaises de 1789 à nos jours (2002)
* 901, les congrégations hors la loi ? (2002)
* Les Relations des cultes avec les pouvoirs publics (2006)
# Propimelodus

Propimelodus is a genus of South American catfish of the family Pimelodidae.

## Taxonomy

The type species of this genus, P. eigenmanni, was first described in 1946 under the genus Pimelodus. In 2002, the genus Propimelodus was described for this species. Shortly after, in 2006, the species P. caesius was described to this genus and in 2007 another new species, P. araguayae was described. Other species will be described in the future.
Propimelodus is classified under the "Calophysus-Pimelodus clade". Within this clade, it is considered a part of the "Pimelodus-group" of Pimelodids, which also includes Pimelodus, Exallodontus, Duopalatinus, Cheirocerus, Iheringichthys, Bergiaria, Bagropsis, Parapimelodus, Platysilurus, and Platystomatichthys.

## Species

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* Propimelodus araguayae Rocha, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2007
* Propimelodus caesius Parisi, Lundberg & DoNascimiento, 2006
* Propimelodus eigenmanni (van der Stigchel, 1946)

## Distribution

P. eigenmanni originate from the lower Amazon River as well as large tributaries such as the Xingu, Trombetas, Jari River, and lower Madeira River in Brazil, and the rivers Kourou and Oyapock in French Guiana. P. caesius has the largest range of the genus. P. caesius is also found in many of these regions, with tributary range including Tocantins, Pará, Jari, Xingu, Trombetas, Madeira, Negro, Purús, Japurá, Juruá, and Içá rivers. P. araguayae is only known from the middle Araguaia River.

## Appearance and anatomy

These fish have three pairs of barbels. As in other pimelodids, these whiskers are extremely long; the maxillary barbels extend past the base of the caudal fin. Propimelodus species have a rather long adipose fin. Unlike its congeners, P. araguayae has a black spot on its dorsal fin.
P. eigenmanni grows not much longer than 20 centimetres (8 in). P. eigenmanni is a pale blue-gray to tan. P. caesius also has an attractive blue coloration.

## Ecology

Propimelodus lives in swiftly flowing waters of open channels of the Amazon River and many of its large tributaries; P. caesius is one of the most common fish in these habitats.
P. eigenmanni associate with mud or detritus substrates. P. caesius is found in turbid, blackwater habitats over sand, clay, and detritus substrates. P. eigenmanni is nocturnal, found in tidally influenced freshwater habitats on mud substrate and near dense vegetation. P. araguayae has been found near the edge of rivers among macrophytes.
# Matons

Matons is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fidel Roig Matons (1887–1977), Catalan painter and musician
* Laureano Fuentes Matons (1825–1898), Cuban composer and violinist
# Pentila subfuscata

Pentila subfuscata is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Kasai and Lualaba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Halldóra Geirharðsdóttir

Halldóra Geirharðsdóttir (born 12 October 1968) is an Icelandic actress and musician. In the 1990s, she was also a saxophonist and vocalist of the group Reptile.

## Biography

Halldóra graduated from the Iceland University of the Arts in 1995. From 1984 to 1990, she was part of the group Reptile where she was a saxophonist and vocalist. She is also known for portraying the clown Barbara.
In 2018, Halldóra starred in Woman at War, which has been recognized especially internationally with various awards. She portrayed the double role of Halla and her twin sister Ása. Woman at War is a film in which feminism, parenting and environmental activism intersect through the story of her character, that of a 50-year-old single and independent singing teacher who declares war on the local aluminum industry that is polluting her country. The film won awards such as the Lux Prize and the Grand Audience Award at the 2018 Seville Film Festival.

## Personal life

Halldóra has five children, and three grandchildren. She had her first daughter when she was 20 years old, her youngest in 2019 was 12 years old.
Halldóra is a regular UNICEF collaborator with whom she has traveled to Africa, Peru, Uganda, Haiti and Ecuador.
# John Lewis (dean of Llandaff)

John Thomas Lewis (1947 – 18 February 2019) was an Anglican priest who was Dean of Llandaff from 2000 to 2012.

## Life

Thomas was born in 1947 and educated at Dyffryn Grammar School before winning a scholarship to Jesus College, Oxford, where he studied mathematics. After obtaining his BA in 1969 and a diploma in applied statistics in 1970, he transferred to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied theology in preparation for his ordination.
He was ordained deacon in 1973 and priest in 1974, serving initially as curate in Whitchurch and then in Lisvane before becoming chaplain at Cardiff University (1980–1985). He was appointed as vicar of St David's, Brecon, with Llanspyddid and Llanilltyd in 1985, moving to Bassaleg in 1991 before becoming Dean of Llandaff in 2000. In addition to his parish ministry, Lewis was secretary of the Provincial Selection Panel of the Church in Wales and chaplain for Continuing Ministerial Education for the Bishop of Monmouth. He retired as Dean & Vicar of Llandaff on 31 July 2012.
He died in 2019, aged 71.
# Ian Grey

Ian Grey (5 May 1918 – 5 June 1996) was a New Zealand-born historian of Russian history.

## Biography

He began his career as a lawyer, a member of the New South Wales Bar. In 1941 he joined the Australian navy and was posted at Naval Intelligence of the Admiralty in London, then serving in the Soviet Union as an officer. He served for two and a half years in the Russian north, acting as a liaison for British Destroyers of the Soviet Navy in the Arctic. He also served as Deputy Secretary-General and the editor of publications of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Headquarters Secretariat from 1966 until his retirement. In 1971 he established the Parliamentary Information and Reference Centre.
# Philip Dray

Philip Dray is an American writer and historian, known for his comprehensive analyses of American scientific, racial, and labor history.

## Awards

Dray's work At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America (by Random House Publishing Group) won the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award. He was a finalist in 2003 for a Pulitzer Prize in history.

## Books

* A Lynching at Port Jervis: Race and Reckoning in the Gilded Age. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-19441-3
* There Is Power in a Union: The Epic Story of Labor in America. Doubleday, 2010. ISBN 978-0-385-52629-6
* Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen. Mariner Books, 2010. ISBN 978-0-547-24797-7
* Stealing God's Thunder: Benjamin Franklin's Lightning Rod and the Invention of America. Random House, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8129-6810-1
* At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. Modern Library, 2003. ISBN 978-0-375-75445-6
* We Are Not Afraid: The Story of Goodman, Schwerner, and Chaney and the Civil Rights Campaign for Mississippi. Macmillan, 1989. ISBN 978-0-02-520260-3

### Children's books

* Philip Dray. Yours for Justice, Ida B. Wells: The Daring Life of a Crusading Journalist. Illustrated by Stephen Alcorn. Peachtree, 2008. ISBN 978-1-56145-417-4
# Propilidium elegans

Propilidium elegans is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Lepetidae, one of the families of true limpets.
# Jean-Pierre Lévy

Jean-Pierre Lévy (French pronunciation:; born 1935) is a French lawyer, author and diplomat. He was the director of the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea in 1985.

## Biography

Born in Mulhouse (France), he studied political science and law at the University of Strasbourg, where he graduated from the Institut d'études politiques and earned a PhD degree in International Law in 1960.
Following graduation, he worked as a legal and financial advisor before joining the United Nations in New York in 1966. There, he specialized in matters relating to the Law of the Sea and, in various capacities, participated in all the negotiations relating to the establishment of a new Law of the Sea (Committee on the peaceful use of the seabed and the ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea, Implementation Agreement of 24 July 1994).
In 1996 Jean-Pierre Lévy assisted President Mário Soares of Portugal as Executive Secretary of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (The Soares Commission) which presented its final report The Ocean, Our Future at the World Exposition on the Ocean held in Lisbon in 1998. He was also attached to the Legal Office of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an expert in the Law of the Sea and was elected to the Finance Committee of the International Seabed Authority in Kingston, Jamaica.
He has authored and co-authored more than fifty books and publications dedicated to the Law of the Sea and Ocean Affairs, including La Conference des Nations Unies sur le Droit de la Mer (Pedone, 1983), The UN Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks as editor with Gunnar Schramm (Martinus Nijhoff, 1996) and Le Destin de l'Autorite Internationale des Fonds Marins (Pedone, 2002).
Currently, Jean-Pierre Lévy is a member of the Finance Committee of the International Seabed Authority, which is the organization through which 159 State Parties and the European Union administer the resources of the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
# Hotham Inlet

Hotham Inlet, also known as Kobuk Lake, is an arm of Kotzebue Sound on the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 50 miles (80 km) long and 5–20 miles (8–32 km) wide. The inlet is the outlet of the Kobuk and Selawik Rivers and it is bounded on the southwest by the Baldwin Peninsula.
This inlet was named in 1826 by Royal Navy Captain Frederick William Beechey after Sir Henry Hotham, one of the lords of the British Admiralty.

## Geography

The eastern coast of Kotzebue Sound is broken by many deep embayments and inlets. The largest of these—Hotham Inlet—is a long, irregular-shaped body of water, cut off from the sound by a long, narrow neck of land. The largest tributaries of Kotzebue Sound—the Noatak, the Kobuk, and the Selawik—flow into the inlet.
The Selawik, the southernmost of the three, empties into Selawik Lake, which is connected by a narrow water passage with the head of Hotham Inlet. This lake or lagoon undoubtedly owes its origin to the building out of the delta of the Kobuk River, which has thus cut off a part of the former extension of the inlet. Several smaller bodies of water to the east are connected by tidal" channels with the larger basin.
The eastern shore of Hotham Inlet is formed by the broad delta of the Kobuk' River, whose headwaters have not been explored, but are known to lie about 200 miles due east of Hotham Inlet, in a high mountain mass near latitude 67°, longitude 155°. In the same region are probably the sources of the Alatna, which flows south into the Koyukuk; of the Noatak, which flows west into Kotzebue Sound, and of a branch of the Colville, which flows northerly into the Arctic Ocean. The general trend of the valley of the Kobuk is east and west with, however, a number of broad bends. The lower half of the valley is characterized by a broad, flat depression, while the upper half, made up of a series of basins and connecting canyons.
Near the one hundred and sixty-first meridian the north wall of the Kobuk valley recedes and swings around the head of the eastern arm of Hotham Inlet, while the mountain range which forms the south wall terminates abruptly at the delta, a featureless plain, across which the river sends its drainage to the inlet through innumerable tortuous channels. The delta is about 30 miles square, and is bounded on the south by Selawik Lake and on the west and north by Hotham Inlet. It is traversed by a maze of intricate waterways, with numerous lakes and lagoons, is being rapidly extended seaward, and is constantly encroaching on the shallow waters of Hotham Inlet.
The Noatak is the third and probably the largest of the three rivers which flow into Kotzebue Sound from the east. Its head lies near the sources of the Colville and Kobuk, and its general course is westerly until it approaches within 30 miles of the coast, where it bends sharply and reaches the sea at the north end of Hotham Inlet by a general southerly course.
# Gum Tree Canoe

Gum Tree Canoe is an album by the American musician John Hartford, released in 1984. It was reissued on CD in 2001 with two additional tracks.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
In a review for AllMusic, critic Brian Beatty wrote:
   Hartford's most even Flying Fish album, with equal measures of songwriting whimsy and expert musicianship, Gum Tree Canoe includes a number of tunes that would remain concert staples for the length of his career... there's not a clinker to be heard. Hartford's banjo playing is exceptional, as is the accompaniment provided by a host of fine country, bluegrass, and new grass pickers... Riverboat tales, an R&B staple, and the Rolling Stones couldn't sound more at home together than they do on this fine album from one of roots music's genuine originals.
John Lupton of Country Standard Time wrote "this is Hartford at his entertaining best, a bittersweet reminder of how much was lost to us when he passed away".

## Track listing

* "I'm Still Here" (John Hartford) – 3:26
* "Way Down the River Road" (Hartford) – 2:18
* "Gum Tree Canoe" (S. S. Steele) – 4:07
* "Your Long Journey" (Doc Watson, Rosa Lee Watson) – 2:27
* "Jug Harris" (Hartford) – 2:25
* "Little Piece of My Heart" (Bert Berns, Jerry Ragavoy) – 3:12
* "Take Me Back to My Mississippi" (John Carso) – 3:53
* "Lorena" (Joseph Philbrick Webster, Henry DeLafayette Webster) – 4:45
* "Wrong Road Again" (Allen Reynolds) – 2:48
* "No Expectations" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) – 4:03
    2001 reissue bonus tracks:
* "You Asked Me To" (Waylon Jennings, Billy Joe Shaver) – 3:48
* "I Wonder Where You Are Tonight" (Johnny Bond) – 4:13

## Personnel

* John Hartford – banjo, guitar, fiddle, plywood, vocals
* Sam Bush – mandolin
* Roy Huskey – bass
* Jack Clement – dobro, guitar, ukulele
* Jerry Douglas – dobro
* Mark Howard – guitar
* Marty Stuart – mandolin
* Kenny Malone – drums, percussion
* Mark O'Connor – fiddle, guitar, mandolin
* Billy Lee Riley – French harp
* Richard Schulman – vocals
* Jeannie Seely – vocals
* Tommy Hannum – vocals

## Production

* Produced by Jack Clement
* Richard Adler – remixing
* Bob Carlin – mixing
* Wes Lachot – mixing
* Niles Clement – assistant engineer
* Jim Rooney – assistant engineer
* Dr. Toby Mountain – mastering
# Pentila tachyroides

Pentila tachyroides, the mylothrid pentila, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
Adults are on wing in November and December.

## Subspecies

* Pentila tachyroides tachyroides (southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania)
* Pentila tachyroides isiro Berger, 1981 (Democratic Republic of the Congo: Mongala, Uele, Ituri, Kivu, Tshuapa, Equateur and Sankuru)
# Gabriel Wikström

Per Johan Gabriel Wikström (born 21 February 1985) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democrats. He served as Minister for Public Health, Healthcare and Sports in the Swedish Government from 2014 to 2017. On 5 May 2017, Wikström announced he would be on sick leave due to symptoms related to burnout. Annika Strandhäll served acting Minister for Public Health, Healthcare and Sports during his sick leave, and on 27 July 2017 he resigned from his position.
Wikström started his career in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League in Västmanland County in 2006. He was a member of the national executive board of the youth league from 2007 to 2011 and national chairman from 2011 until being appointed cabinet minister in 2014.
As national chairman, Wikström confronted the Social Democrats leadership by pushing a proposal of a 90-day warranty for young unemployed people through the Social Democrats Congress in 2013. The proposal was rejected by the party leadership, but gained hearing by the Congress delegates and is now one of the Löfven cabinet's key reforms since taking office in 2014, although it has not been implemented or announced yet (as of August 2016).
In March 2017, Wikström participated in the first ever gathering of the Party of European Socialists’ health ministers, chaired by Jevgeni Ossinovski.
# Indian Game (poultry)

The Indian Game is a British breed of game chicken, now reared either for meat or show. It originated in the early nineteenth century in the counties of Cornwall and Devon in south-west England. It is a heavy, muscular bird with an unusually broad breast; the eggs are brown.$^{:158}$
In the United States the name was changed in the early twentieth century to Cornish. A white variant, the White Cornish, was developed there at about the same time, and is much used in modern industrial chicken meat production in many parts of the world, either for cross-breeding to produce hybrid broilers, or to produce fast-growing "game hens".

## History

The breed was developed by Sir Walter Gilbert, of Bodmin in Cornwall, in about 1820. It was intended to be a gamecock, but had no aptitude for cockfighting.
It is recognised as "Indian Game" in Australia,$^{:196}$ by the Poultry Club of Great Britain in the United Kingdom, and by the Entente Européenne in Europe. In the United States the name was changed in 1905 to "Cornish Indian Game", and then in 1910 to "Cornish". It was accepted by the American Poultry Association in 1893.

## Characteristics

The Indian Game is a large and stocky bird, short in the legs and unusually broad and deep in the breast. Some cock birds may be so short-legged and broad-breasted that they are incapable of reproducing.$^{:80}$
Three colour variants are recognised in the United Kingdom: the dark, the original colour; the Jubilee; and the double-laced blue, which is rare. The Entente Européenne d'Aviculture et de Cuniculture and some European countries recognise the white variant in addition to these three. In the United States, the Cornish is recognised in four colours: the original dark, added to the Standard of Perfection in 1893; the white, added in 1898; the white-laced red, added in 1909; and the buff, added in 1938.$^{:100}$
It is resistant to most common diseases of poultry, but vulnerable to parasites. The feathers are thin and hard, without down; this may render the birds susceptible to cold, which may delay breeding in early Spring.

## Use

The Indian Game was bred as a gamecock, but was not successful as a fighting bird. It was found to be a good meat breed, and was much used for cross-breeding with established meat breeds such as the Dorking, Orpington and Sussex.$^{:158}$$^{:80}$ It is a poor layer: the eggs are small and light brown; hens may lay about 80 per year.$^{:80}$
# HD 60803

HD 60803 is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Canis Minor, located less than a degree to the northwest of the prominent star Procyon. It has a yellow hue and is visible to the naked eye as a dim point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.904. The distance to this system is 135 light years as determined using parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.6 km/s.
The binary nature of this star system was first noted by O. C. Wilson and A. Skumanich in 1964. It is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 26.2 days and an eccentricity of 0.22. Both components are similar, G-type main-sequence stars; the primary has a stellar classification of G0V while the secondary has a class of G1V. The masses are similar to each other, and are 28–31% greater than the mass of the Sun. They have low rotation rates which may be quasi-synchronized with their orbital period.
# Philip Bennet (Bath MP)

Philip Bennet (1703–1761), of Widcombe Manor, Bath, South Brewham and Maperton in Somerset, was a member of an ancient English Landed Family called Bennet. The Bennet family originated around the Norton Bavant area of Wiltshire with links to Cambridgeshire and can be traced back to Robert Bennet (fl. 1180) who was Keeper of the King's Seal.
Philip was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Shaftesbury in 1734 – 20 February 1735 and 9 March 1738 – 1741, and for Bath in 1741–1747. He was the best known of the Bennet family in Bath.
In keeping with the Bennet tradition as the first born son, he was named after his father. His parents, Philip Bennet and Jane Chapman, were to have a total of 7 children. One of these, Jane Bennet, married Philip Allen, the brother of local entrepreneur and philanthropist, Ralph Allen.
Philip married twice, his first wife, Anne Estcourt, dying childless in 1730 aged 24. He had three children with his second wife, Mary Hallam who died in 1739 aged 26. These were Philip followed by Mary, then Thomas. Both wives have prominent memorial plaques dedicated to them inside St Thomas à Becket Church next door to Widcombe Manor. They are buried inside the Bennet family tomb which can still be seen today in the tiny churchyard overlooking the manor.
The antiquary Robert Edward Myhill Peach noted that "It is strange that this gentleman, so reserved and circumspect up to middle age, entered about 1747 upon a career of wild dissipation, squandering his fortune with reckless prodigality."
As one of Bath's most prominent residents, Philip Bennet had a street named after him. Bennett Street, now spelt with two t's, is located in the city centre of Bath and is just off Landsdown Road.