OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Target (magazine)

Target was a popular Indian children's magazine that was published monthly in English from 1979 to 1995. It featured a mix of reader contributions, stories from regular writers, do-it-yourself articles and several popular comic strips.

## History

In September 1979, Rosalind Wilson (1942 – July 28, 1992), a British expatriate educationist settled in Delhi started Target and became its founder-editor. The magazine was owned by Living Media, who also own the India Today Group. After Rosalind Wilson's death in 1992, the magazine's publication continued under Amena Jayal with its successful formula of stories and illustrations.
In 1995, in a move to target a larger age group, India Today Group wound up Target to start Teens Today magazine. This move was a failure, because, with its emphasis on fashion and urban life, Teens Today did not have the wide appeal of the unpretentious Target. Teens Today was edited by Target old-timer Vatsala Kaul.

## Content

Target's outstanding production values as well as the quality of cartoonists and writers on its editorial board made it stand out from other contemporary Indian children's magazines like Tinkle, Champak and Chandamama.
A popular feature in Target was pages with information on international pen friends. In the age before email revolutionised communication, having pen friends was a popular hobby, both for the purpose of knowing about the world at large, and collecting stamps from foreign countries.
Some of the popular comic strips published in Target were:
* Gardhab Das by Jayanto and Neelabh
* Detective Moochhwala and Funny World by Ajit Ninan
* Granny's Gupshup by Praloy Chakrovorty and Joygopal Podder and others
* It Happened in History written by Renuka Narayanan and illustrated by Suddhasattwa Basu.
* Science News illustrated by Priya Nagarajan and others

## Contributors
### Writers

* Dilip Salvi
* Sigrun Srivastava
* Ruskin Bond
* Geeta Dharmarajan
* Jacquelyn Singh
* Joygopal Podder
* Mala Marwaha (author and illustrator)
* Margaret Bhatty
* Meera Govil
* Meera Uberoi
* Paro Anand
* Ramaa Isvaran
* Renuka Narayanan
* Roopa Pai
* Rupa Gupta
* Subhadra Sengupta
* Swapna Dutta
* Vijaya Ghosh (associate editor)
* Viswajita Das
* Vatsala Kaul (associate editor)

### Illustrators

* Ajit Ninan (made the Funny World and All in Fun cartoon pages)
* Jayanto Banerjee
* Neelabh Banerjee
* Suddhasattwa Basu (creator of India's first animated cartoon series, Gayab Aya)
* Praloy Chakrovorty
* Sujata Singh
* Manjula Padmanabhan (author and illustrator)
* Priya Nagarajan
* Atanu Roy (illustrated the "HA! HA!" jokes page)
# WOSTEP

WOSTEP, the Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Educational Program, is an internationally recognized professional qualification in the maintenance and care of fine-quality watches. It was devised by the Centre Suisse de Formation et de Perfectionnement Horloger and is sponsored by manufacturers and retailers within the horological industry in Switzerland.

## Origin

During the 1960s, and at the request of the U.S. Government, the Swiss government created what would eventually evolve into WOSTEP- Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH. It was originally designed to train American watchmakers in techniques of watchmaking that developed in Geneva and the Jura mountains as from the 16th Century.
It is important to understand that at the time of the founding of Wostep, America was losing its title as "world's largest watch producer" to the Soviet Union (mostly making poor-quality everyday watches). As American watch companies continued to slide into oblivion after the end of World War II, some were able to update by purchasing movements from Swiss companies, even establishing their own subsidiaries in Switzerland (e.g. Waltham Watch Company, Hamilton Watch Company, Benrus, Bulova), to keep them going another 10–20 years before folding completely in the U.S. It was this reason that the U.S. requested some sort of formalized training for its best watchmakers.
There had always been a small number of imports of ultra-fine Swiss watches, but after WWII, the number of watches imported as partial or complete watches increased exponentially. These "modern" watch movements were markedly different from the products of American companies, which grew out of 100 years of production (starting mass production of quality watches). American manufacturers were unable to develop new products or methods of competing, and they were destroyed in record time.

## Worldwide training programs

The Federation developed an 11-month training program in which a watchmaker was flown to Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and trained by any one of many talented instructors that worked at WOSTEP over the years.
Also, one can attend a selected school that is offered in limited locations outside of Switzerland.
Recent changes in structure have assured the survival of WOSTEP as a foundation with a beautiful lakefront chateau converted to the school building. With the retirement of long-time director Antoine Simonin and his wife, the next generation has taken the reins and continues to develop courses for full training used throughout the world at their WOSTEP-Partnership Schools. The school also provides a variety of industry-specific training to companies and practicing watchmakers.
# Ardhangini

Ardhangini (transl. better half) may refer to:
* Ardhangini (1959 film), an Indian Hindi-language film
* Ardhangini (2023 film), an Indian Bengali-language film
* Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi, a 2007–2008 Indian Hindi-language television series which aired on Zee TV
* Ardhangini (2017 TV series), a 2017–2018 Indian Assamese-language television series which aired on Rang
* Ardhangini (2018 TV series), a 2018 Indian Bengali-language television series airing on Star Jalsha
# Gabriel Hoyos

Gabriel Hoyos (born March 3, 1989) is a professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder. Born in Colombia, he represented the United States at youth level.

## Career

Hoyos has played for the reserves of Bundesliga club SC Freiburg.
He made his international debut for United States U20 in 2009.
On May 30, 2014, Hoyos made his official debut for Miami Dade FC in a win over Nacional SC.
# Gaius Sabucius Maior Caecilianus

Gaius Sabucius Maior Caecilianus was a Roman senator who held a series of positions in the imperial service. His service was capped with the suffect consulship in 186 with Valerius Senecio as his colleague.
From the name of his grandson C. Sabucius Maior Plotinus Faustinus, who set up an inscription in his memory, it is clear his gentilicum is "Sabucius Maior". "Sabucius" is a rare Etruscan nomen (Anthony Birley provides two other known individuals of that gens), suggesting his origins lay in Italy and not one of the provinces.
An inscription recovered in Rome documents the cursus honorum of Sabucius. His earliest recorded offices were administrative posts following the praetorship. Next was his service as a juridicus in Roman Britain c. 172–175, which was followed by the prefecture of the aerarium militare c. 176–179. Birley dates his next offices, governorship of Gallia Belgica to c. 180–183, and proconsul of Achaea to 184/185.
# GITP

GITP may refer to:
* Giant in the Playground, publishing company owned and operated by Rich Burlew
* Grounded into triple play, in baseball
# Elliot L. Sims

Elliot L. Sims was a Canadian film and television screenwriter. He is most noted for the 1989 film Cold Comfort, for which he and Richard Beattie won the Genie Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.
Sims' other credits included episodes of It's a Man's World, The Littlest Hobo and E.N.G..
# Gaetano Alimonda

Gaetano Alimonda (23 October 1818 – 30 May 1891) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, who was Archbishop of Turin from 1883 until his death. He was previously Bishop of Albenga from 1877 to 1879. He was made a cardinal in 1879.

## Biography

Gaetano Alimonda was born in Genoa on 23 October 1818. He studied at the University of Genoa. He earned a doctorate in theology. He was ordained a priest on 10 June 1843.
He lectured at the seminary before becoming vice-superior and, finally, rector in 1854. His authorities backed his resistance to obstinate supporters of papal privileges, and he wrote for journals that advocated for moderation and tolerance with Italian unity. He was committed to an increased role for the laity and therefore worked to develop Catholic publishing and undertook an extensive program of preaching, modeled on the work of Lacordaire in France, in defense of Christian civilization against rationalism.
Pope Pius IX appointed him bishop of Albenga on 21 September 1877. He received his episcopal consecration on 11 November 1877 from Salvatore Magnasco, archbishop of Genoa. In that post he continued to advocate for reconciliation with Vittorio Emanuele II and the House of Savoy.
He resigned as bishop when Pope Leo XIII made him a cardinal priest on 12 May 1879, one of the first group of cardinals Leo created. He received his red galero as well as the title of Santa Maria in Traspontina in the consistory of 22 September 1879.
Pope Leo appointed him archbishop of Turin on 9 August 1883.
In 1887, at Pope Leo's suggestion, he wrote a tract advocating rapprochement: I voti degli italiani per la pace religiosa.
He died in a convent in the Albaro neighborhood of Genoa of liver disease on 30 May 1891.
# GPR63

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 63 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR63 gene.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs) contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.[supplied by OMIM]
# Gaià

Gaià (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 39.6 square kilometres (15.3 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 163.
# Gabrielle Gutierrez

Gabrielle Alexa Gutierrez (born September 29, 2005) is a Filipina-American stage actress prominently known as the first Filipina to play the lead role of Matilda in a major musical theatre adaptation of the novel of the same name.

## Career

Gutierrez was a piano prodigy, winning a contest that gave her the opportunity to perform at Carnegie Hall when she was five years old. She began her formal music career in 2014 when she was cast as Ngana in Paper Mill Playhouse production of Rodgers-Hammerstein classic South Pacific. In late 2014, she was cast as Annie Who for the national tour of How the Grinch Stole Christmas. While working on said production, she was cast as the lead for the Royal Shakespeare Company's Matilda The Musical. She performed with the production from May 2015 through January 2017.

## Personal life

Gutierrez traces her roots to Bukidnon, Philippines. As of 2015 she resides in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey with her older sister and their parents.
Gutierrez attended Jonathan Dayton High School where she performed with the school's theater department. Recently Gutierrez starred in a production of Heathers: Teen Edition, where she played lead Veronica Sawyer.

## Filmography
### Theatre

| Year | Title | Role | Producer |
| 2014 | South Pacific | Ngana | Paper Mill Playhouse |
| 2014 | How The Grinch Stole Christmas | Annie Who | Big League Productions |
| 2015 | Matilda the Musical | Matilda | Royal Shakespeare Company |
| 2016 | School of Rock The Musical | Sophia | Winter Garden Theatre |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Duration |
| 2015 | Conan | Matilda (promotional guesting) | 1 episode |
# Gaetano Piattoli

Gaetano Piattoli (1703 – c. 1770) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Florence completing portraits.

## Biography

His son, Scipione Piattoli (10 November 1739 – 12 April 1809) was a priest, of the Piarist order, an educator, writer and political activist, and a major figure of the Enlightenment in Poland. His altarpiece of San Procolo heals a boy is displayed on the main altar of San Procolo, Florence. Gaetano trained with a French painter, Francesco Rivera, who lived in Livorno.
Gaetano's wife Anna was a pastel artist, and his son Giuseppe Piattoli was also a painter.
# Gaetano Perillo

Gaetano Perillo (1897–1975) was a 20th-century Italian politician from Genoa, northern Italy.
* This article about an Italian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Elsa Zamparelli

Elsa Zamparelli (born December 8, 1944) is a costume designer who is best known for her work on Dances with Wolves and The Last of the Mohicans, though British Designer James Acheson designed most of the film before leaving the production.
She was nominated at the 63rd Academy Awards for Best Costumes for her work on Dances with Wolves.

## Selected filmography

* The Order (2001)
* Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995)
* Last of the Dogmen (1995)
* The Last of the Mohicans (1992)
* Dances with Wolves (1990)
# Elsie Murray

Elsie Murray (September 17, 1878 – September 30, 1965) was an American psychologist and college professor. Her research involved color perception, memory, and color blindness. She was also director of the historic sites at French Azilum and Tioga Point Museum in Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Elsie Murray was born in Athens, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Millard P. Murray and Louise Shipman Welles Murray. Her mother was the first director of the Tioga Point Museum. She attended Bryn Mawr College in 1896 and 1897, graduated from Cornell University in 1904, and completed doctoral studies there in 1907, with a dissertation titled "Organic Sensation". Murray took further coursework at Columbia University in 1914 and 1915.

## Career
### Research and teaching

Murray taught psychology courses at Vassar College (1907 to 1909), Wilson College (1909 to 1919), Sweet Briar College (1919 to 1922), Wells College (1922 to 1923), the University of Illinois (1924 to 1926). She became a research associate at Cornell University in 1927. She was a member of the American Psychological Association and the International Society of Color Council.
Murray's research involved color vision, memory, and other mental tasks, including spelling. Her work was published in the Journal of the Optical Society of America (JOSA), the Journal of Applied Psychology, and the Journal of Educational Psychology. She also contributed to The Dictionary of Psychology (1935), edited by Howard C. Warren.

### Local history

Murray succeeded her sister Jessie as director of the Tioga Point Museum in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, from 1935 to 1955; she was also named director of the nearby French Azilum historic site in 1954. In connection with this work, Murray was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, and the Bradford County Historical Society. She wrote books and pamphlets about Bradford County history, including French Exiles of 1793 in Northern Pennsylvania (1935), Azilum: The Story of a French Royalist Colony of 1793 (1937), Franco-Americana in Tioga Point Museum (1938), Te-a-o-ga: Annals of a Valley (1939), Stephen C. Foster at Athens: His First Composition (1940), New World or Old? A Tale of the French Refugees and their Azilum on the Susquehanna (1945), Carantouan, Old Spanish Hill; Étienne Brulé, explorer of the Susquehanna (1948), Early land companies and titles of Northumberland County (1954), and A Frontier Trianon: The True Story of Azilum Village (1955).

## Personal life

Murray died at a nursing home in Athens, Pennsylvania in 1965, aged 87 years. She left her entire estate, about $20,000, to the French Azilum. Murray's papers are in the collection of Cornell University Library.
# Gala – The Collection

GALA – The Collection is a compilation album from Sarah Brightman released on 6 July in commemoration of the Japan tour, GALA - An Evening with Sarah Brightman.
The album includes leading songs in her career such as "Time to Say Goodbye (solo version)," "Nessun Dorma," "Canto Della Terra," "Stranger in Paradise," and "Pie Jesu." It features the high-fidelity SHM-CD format. It had a Japanese original release. Tracks 16-18 are bonus tracks.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 22 |
# Elysia catulus

Elysia catulus is a small species of sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Plakobranchidae. This sea slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead it is a sacoglossan. The specific name "catulus" comes from the Greek and means "little cat", referring to the superficial resemblance that the head of this slug bears to the head of a cat.

## Description

Elysia catulus grows to about 6 millimetres (0.24 in) in length. The body is mainly black but this is tinged with green as the gut contents can be seen through the skin. There are three white streaks on the head, one central and the other two running diagonally past the eye. There are also two or three white patches on the parapodia, the fleshy protrusions on either side of the body.

## Distribution

Elysia catulus feeds on the seagrass Zostera and is found in seagrass meadows on the eastern seaboard of North America from Nova Scotia south to South Carolina.

## Biology

Elysia catulus has a short life cycle, living for less than a year. Spawning takes place in June and July and the adults die soon afterwards. The larvae that hatch from the eggs form part of the zooplankton and disperse widely. After settling, the juveniles grow rapidly. This may be linked to the fact that they develop cerata (hornlike outgrowths). These provide an increase in digestive and respiratory surface area which allows increased rates of metabolism and consequently growth. There are considerable fluctuations in population size and a sudden increase may be due to the arrival of larvae that have originated elsewhere. Juveniles are found in the safety of the inrolled margins of the Zostera leaf whereas adults feed on the flat leaf blades. Feeding is done by puncturing the plant's tissue with the radular tooth and sucking out the cell sap.
# Elysia lobata

Elysia lobata is a species of sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Plakobranchidae. This sea slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that order of gastropods, instead it is a sacoglossan.

## Description

Elysia lobata can grow to a length of 15 millimetres (0.59 in). In his original short description of the species in 1852, Augustus Addison Gould wrote: "Animal slug-like, greenish, dotted with black, and bordered with yellow; edge of mantle expanded in to a three lobed lateral wing. Head small with very large and long tentacles, tipped with sky-blue".

## Distribution

Elysia lobata is found in Hawaii, the Marshall Islands and parts of Japan.
# Galvarinus attenuatus

Walker's slender snake (Galvarinus attenuatus) is a genus of snake in the family Colubridae.
It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
# Galvarinus

Galvarinus is a genus of snakes of the family Colubridae.

## Geographic range

All species in the genus Galvarinus are endemic to South America.

## Species

The following 3 species are recognized as being valid.
* Galvarinus attenuatus Walker, 1945 - Walker's slender snake
* Galvarinus chilensis Schlegel, 1837 - Chilean slender snake
* Galvarinus tarmensis Walker, 1945 - slender snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Galvarinus.
# Gambling in Iowa

In the state of Iowa, gambling has been legalized and expanding since the ratification of a constitutional amendment in 1972. Before then, the constitution prohibited the gambling within the state. As of 2018, gambling is Iowa's largest tourist attraction, making $1.476 billion per year.

## History

In the 1846 Iowa Constitution, there was a provision stating that the state may not sanction lotteries or lottery tickets. Lottery was defined as any sort of gambling game. In the 19th century, casinos on riverboats were common. This was because Iowa was the first state to legalize riverboats.
On September 7, 1971, a catholic pastor was charged with hosting a gambling house. The church held a Labor Day picnic with one of the main draws being alcohol and gambling, though only the gambling had been charged. The gambling equipment and $600 were seized. Governor Robert D. Ray announced on September 9 that he intended to remove the constitutional ban on gambling.
Gambling was legalized after an election in November 1972. The amendment in question received 68% of the vote.
Two years after gambling became legal, several limitations came into effect. A ban on craps, blackjack, and other games along with bookmaking offices came into effect.

## Greyhound racing

Iowa has banned using live bait to train greyhounds for racing.

## Online

Online sports betting is legal in Iowa. However, online casinos are not.

## Iowa Lottery

The Iowa Lottery signed into legislation April 18, 1985. As of the fiscal year ending in June 30, 2022, the Iowa Lottery was making $430 million in sales with over $97 million funding state programs.
# Galveias Palace

38°44′29.2″N 9°8′37.2″W﻿ / ﻿38.741444°N 9.143667°W﻿ / 38.741444; -9.143667
Galveias Palace (Portuguese: Palácio das Galveias) is a Portuguese palace located in Lisbon, Portugal, in Avenidas Novas freguesia.

## History

The palace dates back to the mid-17th century, when it was built as a country house for the Marquis of Távora. In 1759, due to the Távora affair, the entire Távora family was executed and the palace was confiscated by the Crown.
The name of the palace comes from its acquisition, in 1801, by D. João de Almeida de Melo e Castro, 5th Count of Galveias.
In 1928, the palace came into possession of the Lisbon Municipal Chamber, who installed there one of the city's earliest municipal libraries.
The palace is famous for being a good example of a 17th-century Portuguese nobleman's house, with the typical U-shaped layout.

## Sources

* Galeria do Palácio Galveias (In Portuguese)
* Biblioteca Municipal Central – Palácio Galveias (In Portuguese)
* Palácio das Galveias (In Portuguese)
# Ellipsis (Scorn album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Muzik | |
Ellipsis is a remix album by Scorn, originally released in 1995 on Earache Records. It was remastered along with Evanescence and released as a two disc set in 2009.
It's mainly a remix album for Evanescence, though it contains a remix of Nights Ash Black from Colossus. The remixes were made by Meat Beat Manifesto, Coil, Bill Laswell, Scanner, Autechre, P.C.M. and Germ, as well as Scorn themselves.

## Track listing

* "Silver Rain Fell (Meat Beat Manifesto Mix)" – 8:35
* "Exodus (Scorn Mix)" – 5:39
* "Dreamspace (Shadow Vs Executioner Mix)" – 11:30
* "Night Ash Black (Slow Black Underground River Mix)" – 15:47
* "Night Tide (Flaneur Electronique Mix)" – 6:30
* "Falling (FR 13 Mix)" – 10:18
* "The End (Nightmare Mix)" – 7:40
* "Automata (Germ Mix)" – 6:52
* "Light Trap (Scorn Mix)" – 6:08

## Personnel

* Nic Bullen – bass, sampler, percussion, voice, guitar
* Mick Harris – drums, drum programming, sampler, percussion,
# Elizabeth Puranam

Elizabeth Puranam is an Indian-born New Zealand journalist, best known for her work as a reporter and presenter for Al Jazeera.

## Biography

Puranam was born at the Mahatma Gandhi Hospital in Hyderabad, India. She moved to Auckland with her family when she was 10, first settling in Avondale, then Glen Eden, and finally Piha (West Auckland). Whilst living in Auckland, Puranam earned a BA in political science and media.
Puranam started her career at Television New Zealand and the news desk at TV3. She can read and write in Arabic and can speak Hindi and Telugu.

## Personal life

Puranam married French sports agent Alexandre Bernard who she met in Doha. Puranam lives with her family in south Delhi.
# Galanageia

Galanageia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.