OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edwin M. Gardner

Edwin M. Gardner (1845–1935) was an American Confederate veteran and painter.

## Early life

Gardner was born on October 12, 1845, in Giles County, Tennessee. He grew up in Mississippi. During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, he served in the Confederate States Army under General Nathan Bedford Forrest.
Gardner took painting lessons at the Royal Academy of Arts in Belgium and the National Academy Museum and School in New York City.

## Career

Gardner started his career as an art teacher at a female academy in Aberdeen, Mississippi, followed by Mary Sharp College, a female academy in Winchester, Tennessee. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he joined the Nashville Art Association and taught at the Watkins Institute, where he had a studio. One of his students, Cornelius Hankins, became a prominent painter in the South.
Gardner did a portrait of Sarah Childress Polk. He also painted blacks.

## Death

Gardner died on October 28, 1935, in Nashville, Tennessee. He was buried at the Mount Olivet Cemetery.
# Edward F. Rector

Edward Franklin Rector (September 28, 1916 – April 26, 2001) was a colonel in the United States Air Force, a fighter ace of World War II, and a member of the Flying Tigers.

## Early years

Rector, a native of Marshall, North Carolina, graduated from Catawba College in 1938 and began his military career as a naval aviator. He was a carrier pilot on the USS Ranger, based in Norfolk, when he was recruited for the American Volunteer Group, the official name of the Flying Tigers. The unit was formed with the financial backing of the Chinese government to help defend the Burma Road and Chinese cities from Japanese attack before the United States entered World War II.

## At war

On December 10, 1941, Rector was part of a three-plane photo reconnaissance mission from Rangoon to Bangkok. On December 20 when the Flying Tigers engaged in combat for the first time during a raid by Hanoi-based Japanese aircraft on the Chinese city of Kunming, Rector provided the American Volunteer Group with its first aerial victory and would later record the last in a long list of 23rd Fighter Group air-to-air kills. In May 1942, he played a critical role in locating and attacking Japanese military columns attempting a push into China at the Salween River Gorge. This allowed the Chinese time to blow up a key bridge across the river, and the Japanese subsequently retreated into Burma. Rector was credited with having destroyed 10.5 Japanese aircraft in aerial combat during the war.

## Later years

Rector retired from the United States Air Force in 1962 as a colonel and had a second career in the aviation industry as a consultant in India, North Africa, and Europe. He died April 26, 2001, at Walter Reed Army Medical Center after suffering a heart attack and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Awards and decorations

U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge :
| Silver Star | Legion of Merit | Distinguished Flying Cross with bronze oak leaf cluster |
| Purple Heart | Air Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster | Air Force Commendation Medal |
| Air Force Presidential Unit Citation | American Defense Service Medal | American Campaign Medal |
| Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two bronze campaign stars | World War II Victory Medal | National Defense Service Medal with service star |
| Air Force Longevity Service Award with four bronze oak leaf clusters | Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) | Order of Yung Hui (5th class) (Republic of China) |
| Order of the Cloud and Banner (1st class) (Republic of China) | Army, Navy & Air Force Medal (Republic of China) | China War Memorial Medal (Republic of China) |
# Rhyssella nitida

Rhyssella nitida is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae.
# Effi

Effi may refer to:
* Efraim Effi Birnbaum (born 1954), Israeli basketball coach
* Efraim Effi Eitam (born 1952), Israeli politician and retired brigadier-general
* Efraim Effi Wizen (born 1956), Israeli computer animator and visual effects specialist
* Effi Briest, title character of the 1896 novel and various film and television adaptations
* Effi (C++), an application development framework
# Riberi

Riberi is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Bartolomeo Riberi, O. de M. (1640–1702), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Nicotera
* Alessandro Riberi (1794–1861), Italian surgeon, physician, academic and Italian politician
* Antonio Riberi (1897–1967), Monacan Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
# Rhynchosauroides

Rhynchosauroides is an ichnogenus, a form taxon based on footprints. The organism producing the footprints was likely a lepidosaur and may have been a sphenodont, an ancestor of the modern tuatara. The footprint consists of five digits, of which the fifth is shortened and the first highly shortened.

## Species

* R. beasleyi Nopsca, 1923
* R. bornemanni Haubold, 1966
* R. brunswickii Ryan and Willard, 1947
* R. gangresci da Silva et al., 2012
* R. hyperbates Baird, 1957
* R. kuletae Baird, 1957
* R. majus Demathieu, 1967
* R. maximus Gand, 1974
* R. minutipes Maidwell, 1914
* R. pallinii Conti et al.', 1977
* R. palmatus Lull, 1942
* R. petri Demathieu, 1966
* R. pusillus Haubold, 1966
* R. rdzaneki Ptaszynski, 2000
* R. rectipes Beasley, 1911
* R. retroversipes da Silva et al., 2008
* R. santanderensis Demathieu and Saiz de Omeñaca, 1977
* R. schochardti von Lilienstern, 1939
* R. sphaerodactylus Demathieu, 1971
* R. tirolicus Abel, 1926
* R. triangulus Gand, 1977
* R. virgiliae Demathieu et al., 1978
# Rhynchorhinus

Rhynchorhinus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene.
# Rhynchoschizus

Rhynchoschizus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It contains only one species, Rhynchoschizus imbellis, and it is found in Albania. It was originally named Schizorhynchus by Octave Parent in 1927, but was renamed to Rhynchoschizus by C. E. Dyte in 1980 after it was found to be preoccupied by the flatworm genus Schizorhynchus (Hallez, 1894).
# Egoliinae

Egoliinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Trogossitidae. Members are native to South America and Australia. They are thought to be predatory.

## Genera

* Acalanthis Erichson, 1844, Chile, Argentina
* Calanthosoma Reitter, 1876, northern South America
* Egolia Erichson, 1842 Australia (Tasmania)
* Necrobiopsis Crowson, 1964, Chile, Australia (Tasmania)
* Paracalanthis Australia (Queensland)
# Egomaniacs (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Egomaniacs is a studio album by Kim Fahy, Jamie Harley and Kramer, released in 1993 by Shimmy Disc.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kim Fahy, Jamie Harley and Kramer

## Personnel

Adapted from Egomaniacs liner notes.

### Musicians

* Kim Fahy – vocals, guitar
* Jamie Harley – drums, percussion, engineering
* Kramer – vocals, bass guitar, Hammond organ, production, mixing

### Production and additional personnel

* DAM – design
* Michael Macioce – photography
* Ron Paul – assistant engineer

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1993 | Shimmy Disc | CD, LP | shimmy 068 |
# Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day and McDaniel

Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day and McDaniel is a judgment of the Supreme Court of Texas.

## Facts

The Edwards Aquifer is the primary water source for much of southern central Texas. Burrell Day and Joel McDaniel owned a 350-acre ranch in Van Ormy, Bexar County. Under the Edwards Aquifer Authority Act (EAAA), landowners who had historically used Edwards Aquifer groundwater for irrigation purposes were assured of a minimum permit amount of 2 acre-feet of production per year per acre irrigated.

## Judgment

On February 24, 2012, the Supreme Court of Texas issued a 50-page, unanimous opinion written by Justice Nathan Hecht affirming the Fourth Court of Appeals decision.
Applying the case law applicable to oil and gas, the Texas Supreme Court determined that groundwater is "owned in place" by the landowner, and that this ownership right can support a claim for uncompensated taking under the state and federal constitutions.

## Commentary

The Texas Farm Bureau welcomed the decision. The rule on uncompensated taking was applied in Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Glenn and JoLynn Bragg.
# Edward Mann Butler

Edward Mann Butler (July 13, 1784 – November 1, 1855) was one of Kentucky's most prominent early educators. He is best remembered as being the first president of what would become the University of Louisville and heading the first public school in Kentucky.
Butler was born in Baltimore. After graduating from St Mary's College, Butler practiced law and served as a school teacher in various locations, including Maysville, Lexington, Versailles and Louisville. He was the president of the Jefferson Seminary (which later became the University of Louisville) from 1813 to 1816. In 1822 he became the head of the grammar department at Lexington's Transylvania University, and then returned to head the Jefferson Seminary in 1829.
He is also considered Kentucky's first reliable historian, with his first complete work being released in 1834. At the time of his death, he was working on a detailed history of the Ohio River Valley. He was killed on November 1, 1855, in a St. Louis train wreck.
# Edward Morant

Edward Morant may refer to:
* Edward Morant (politician) (1730–1791), British politician and plantation owner
* Edward Morant (cricketer, born 1772) (1772–1855), English amateur cricketer
* Edward Morant (cricketer, born 1868) (1868–1910), English cricketer and diplomatic attaché
# Revolutionary Workers Ferment

The Revolutionary Workers Ferment, often known by its Spanish name or initials Fomento Obrero Revolucionario or FOR, was a small Trotskyist international founded by Grandizo Munis, which arose as a split from the Fourth International at its Second Congress in 1948.
Though Munis and his co-thinkers carried on polemics with other currents of Trotskyst origin for three decades, and it was only in the late 1970s that a formal organization was formed. The FOR only held one international conference, at Paris in 1981. At that conference a split emerged between, on the one hand the "interior" Spanish section based in Spain, supported by the FOCUS group in the United States, and the Spanish "exile" faction based in Paris, along with the French section. The interior Spanish and American groups were expelled from the FOR.
Munis and the FOR had developed an "ultraleft" policy: they were opposed to the "Communist" states, regarding them as state capitalist; they were opposed to the capitalist system and its form of government; they did not believe in parliamentarism, political parties or trade unions; they did not believe in any kind of nationalism or national liberation struggles and affirmed the "inevitable necessity of the communist revolution on a world scale".

## Sections

Groups associated with the FOR included
* FOR Organizing Committee of the United States in the United States
* The Allarme Group in Italy
* Synagermos in Greece
* Allerma in Spain
* Alarme in France
# Eidsvik, Møre og Romsdal

Eidsvik is a village in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located between the villages of Tennfjord and Vatne at the end of the Grytafjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Skodje. Since 2002, Eidsvik has been considered a part of the Vatne urban area, so its population is no longer separately tracked.
# Egil Sundar

Egil Sundar (né Nilsen; 17 October 1932 – 20 April 1994) was a Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor. He was born in Oslo. He was editor-in-chief of the newspaper Aftenposten from 1984 to 1990. From 1990 he worked for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.
# Eilao (parish)

Eilao is one of five parishes in Illano, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 39.88 km$^2$ (15.40 sq mi) in size. The population is 364. The postal code is 33734.

## Villages

* Cachafol
* Carbayal
* Cimadevilla
* Enterríos
* Eilao (capital)
* A Montaña
* Pastur
* Santesteba
* Vilar
* Vilaseca
* Zadamoño
# Edward Wichers

Edward Wichers (March 25, 1892 – January 1984) was a US chemist and Associate Director of the National Bureau of Standards from 1958-62. He is notable for his work on atomic weights of the elements.
Edward Wichers graduated from Hope College in 1913 and from 1948 to 1958 Wichers headed the Chemistry Division at the National Bureau of Standards. In 1941 he was awarded the Honorary Doctor of Science degree at Hope College commencement. Wichers was assigned to the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos to work on the first atomic bomb, 1944-1945. He headed the International Atomic Weights Commission from 1950–59 and from 1964–69, and was the President of the IUPAC's Inorganic Chemistry Division from 1955-1957.
# Ribersborgsstranden

Ribersborgsstranden is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the district of Innerstaden, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It contains the Ribersborgs open-air bath, which opened in 1898 but was destroyed in the Christmas Hurricane of 1902 and had to be rebuilt.
# Richard Evans (died 1762)

Richard Evans (died 1762) of Queenborough, Kent was a British army officer and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1729 to 1754.
Evans’ parentage is unknown, but a two-storey red brick house at 72 and 74 High Street, Queenborough, dating from the early 18th century, has a plaster plaque above the doors, bearing the date and initials '1706 ERE', possibly referring to Richard Evans and his wife. He joined the army and was a captain in Colonel Richard Sutton's Foot in 1709. He was on half-pay in 1713 and captain of Invalids for Portsmouth in 1715. From 1725 he was lieutenant governor of Sheerness, remaining in post for the rest of his life. He was mayor of Queenborough several times.
Evans was returned as Member of Parliament for Queenborough on his own interest with government support at a by-election on 27 January 1729. He was returned again unopposed in 1734 and 1741 and in a contest in 1747. He was also able to secure the return of other government nominees and Pelham commended his ability to settle the interest in Whig hands. However, in 1750 there was a dispute with some of the townsmen on non-resident freemen and Pelham, referring to Evans as a strange fellow, saw him as likely to lose the seat for the Whigs. After Pelham's death, Newcastle persuaded Evans to withdraw at the 1754 British general election although occasionally taking his advice on local patronage.
Evans was married and died on 22 November 1762, leaving a son and two daughters. He apparently gave all his personal estate to a Scotch girl, described as his ‘tucker-in’, whom he made executrix, and excluded his own children as much as possible from his will. The girl ‘pulled the house to pieces’ and sold all the family goods, and disappeared, without paying the testator's debts.
# Eitelborn

Eitelborn is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Montabaur, a kind of collective municipality.

## Geography

The community lies in the Westerwald between Koblenz, Höhr-Grenzhausen, Montabaur and Bad Ems.

## History

In 1377, Eitelborn had its first documentary mention. The founder was a soldier from Arzbach named Udilo. Named after him is the Udilo Park lying on the heights at the edge of the forest. In 1967, this small community in the Augst – a very small region in the Westerwald – was chosen as the prettiest village in the contest Unser Dorf soll schöner werden (“Our village should become lovelier”).

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 21 council members, including the extraofficial mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a municipal election on 7 June 2009.
| | CDU | SPD | Wählergruppe Blath | Total |
| 2004 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 20 Seats |

## Coat of arms

The community's arms bear three red lilies stemming from the arms borne by the Lords of Helfenstein, who built the Sporkenburg castle. The golden castle outer wall shows the building as it is today. The fountain is a stylized image of one that has been at the old Town Hall Square (Rathausplatz) since 1950.

## Culture and sightseeing
### Buildings

About a kilometre south of the village lies the Sporkenburg.
# Richard James (Oklahoma politician)

Richard James (February 8, 1926 – July 17, 2013) was a native of Oklahoma and an American politician and lawyer. He was the long-time city attorney for Stroud, Oklahoma. He was described as, "...the longest serving public servant in the state of Oklahoma." He served two terms in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

## Early life

Born near Prague, Oklahoma, to Fred James and Lena Bierman, Fred grew up on a farm during the Great Depression. He graduated from Prague high school in 1943, and served in the United States Navy during World War II. The Navy sent him to Tulane University under its V-12 Program, as an Able Seaman, then to Officer Candidate School. He returned to Tulane, where he received his degree in mathematics and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa in 1945. He then enrolled in the University of Oklahoma Law School, where he served as editor of the OU Law Review. He received his law degree from OU in 1949.

## Career in Law

Immediately after graduating from law school, he opened a law practice in Stroud, Oklahoma. Richard James practiced law in Stroud continuously for the next 64 years. One of his first clients was the City of Stroud, which he served for 56 years on retainer as City Attorney.
One colleague described him as being "...focused and unyielding in his opinions and determined to do the right thing...(but) caring, compassionate and generous." However, he could clearly antagonize some people who disagreed with him. In 1992, a bomb exploded in the back of his car while he was driving from his home in Stroud to a client meeting in Prague. The car was still drivable, so he went on to the meeting. A few days later the police found a similar, but unexploded, bomb in the back seat of his law partner's car. The police never found who was responsible for the bombs.

## Political life

He served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives 1951–1954 as a Republican. In 1967 he was appointed a special justice on the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He also served on the boards of regents for Oklahoma's colleges and universities in the Oklahoma State Universities system. He attended two Republican conventions, once as a state delegate.

## Personal

* Richard James died in Stroud, Oklahoma, survived by his widow, three daughters, a son, a sister, nine grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.
* He was a long-time member and supporter of the First Baptist Church of Stroud, where he taught an adult Sunday school class for many years;
* He was a member of the Lions Club of Stroud, a service organization, for more than 60 years;
* He was named Stroud's Citizen of the Year for 1969;
* He received the Stroud Chamber of Commerce's Lifetime Achievement Award for 2010.
# Timothy Cloughesy

Timothy Frances Cloughesy is a professor of Clinical Neurology and director of the Neuro-Oncology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is an expert on the treatment of brain cancer.
He completed his MD at Tulane University School of Medicine in 1987 and BA degree with Honors in Chemistry in 1983 at University of California, Santa Barbara. He has an h-index of 119.
# Ramona Badescu

Ramona Bădescu (Romanian pronunciation:; born 29 November 1968) is a Romanian-Italian actor, singer, model, and politician. In 2008 Bădescu joined the list of council candidates supporting Gianni Alemanno for Mayor of Rome, but was not successful. However Alemanno was elected mayor and subsequently appointed her his Counsellor for the Romanian Community of Italy.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1992 | Parenti serpenti | Party guest | Cameo appearance |
| 1993 | Teste rasate | Waitress | Cameo appearance |
| 1994 | Le nuove comiche | Ramona | |
| 1995 | La regina degli uomini pesce | The Queen | |
| 1996 | Chiavi in mano | Trielina | |
| 1998 | Paparazzi | Herself | Cameo appearance |
| 2000 | Alex l'ariete | Fabiana | |
| 2000 | Bibo per sempre | Alessia | |
| 2001 | Caruso, Zero for Conduct | Trielina | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1993–1994 | Le storie di Farland | Vedonia | Series regular; 40 episodes |
| 1997 | La piovra 8 - Lo scandalo | Maria Cariddi | Miniseries |
| 1997 | I misteri di Cascina Vianello | Samantha | Episode: "Un matrimonio e un funerale" |
| 1997–1998 | Incantesimo | Sonya Laris | Recurring role (seasons 1–2); 17 episodes |
| 1998 | Trenta righe per un delitto | Francesca | Episode: "Il serial killer del metronotte" |
| 2005 | La Fattoria | Herself | Contestant (season 2) |
| 2006 | Lo zio d'America | Sam | Recurring role; 3 episodes |
| 2010 | Lo scandalo della Banca Romana | Ida Tanlongo | Miniseries |
# Adventurous Knights

Adventurous Knights is a 1935 American comedy adventure film directed by Charles E. Roberts and starring David Sharpe, Gertrude Messinger and Mary Kornman. It was parody reworking of The Prisoner of Zenda. It was intended to be the first of six films featuring former Our Gang actors produced for Poverty Row studio Ajax Pictures, but only this and Roaring Roads were ever made.

## Plot

A successful American college athlete discovers that he is really the heir to the throne of a small Ruritanian European Kingdom. He travels there to take up his duties and see off a challenge from a pretender. He is appalled to discover that he has to marry a girl he has never seen before, without realizing he has met and fallen in love with her already.

## Cast

* David Sharpe as David De Portola
* Gertrude Messinger as Princess Carmencita
* Mary Kornman as Annette
* Mickey Daniels as Mickey Daniels
* Roger Williams as Black Prince
* Eddie Phillips as Henchman
* Al Thompson as Parkins - the Butler
# Papa Touwtjie

John Eduard Touwslager (December 21, 1968 – June 9, 2005), better known as Papa Touwtjie, was a Surinamese reggae artist and rapper. He is considered one of the most influential reggae artists in Suriname.
After his release from prison at the beginning of the 1990s, he began a music career and recorded his first album Gangster. He was thus the first dancehall rapper in the Sranan language. His music was mainly listened by the youth from the poor neighborhoods.
In 1992, Papa Touwtjie had six hits on the Surinamese radio, including the track Mi no wan go na Santo Boma. In 1997, on the fortieth anniversary of the Surinamese newspaper De Ware Tijd, he was awarded the trotyi grani, an award for a trendsetter.
His rude lyrics about street life were not appreciated by everyone. Even parliamentary questions were made. Eventually, he made more than ten albums. As a result of a family dispute, he got shot by his brother and died of his wounds in June 2005.
# Basan

Basan may refer to:
* Basan (legendary bird), in Japanese folklore
* Basan (character), a fictional character in The Song of Roland
* Bashan, or Basan, a Biblical region
* Bażany, Basan in German, a village in Poland
* Basan, Zaporizhzhia Oblast [uk], a village in Polohy Raion, Ukraine
* Stara Basan [uk] and Nova Basan, villages in Nizhyn Raion, Ukraine
* Basan (crater), a geological features on Iapetus
* Basan (leather), sheepskin tanned in oak- or larch-bark, and used for bookbinding, etc.

## People with the name

* Eadwig Basan, eleventh-century English monk and scribe
* Pierre-François Basan (1723–1797), French engraver
* Ghillie Basan (born 1962), Scottish writer and cook
# Myagrus irroratus

Myagrus irroratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the type species of its genus. It was described by Heller in 1924, originally under the genus Xoes. It is known from the Philippines.
# Barrow Peninsula

The Barrow Peninsula is located on southern Baffin Island in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is a part of the larger Hall Peninsula. Barrow Peninsula is bounded by Frobisher Bay to the west, and Newton Fiord to the east. Hamlen Bay is in the south. The highest elevation point is 318 m (1,043 ft) above sea level.