OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Independence Medal (Transkei)

The Independence Medal was instituted by the State President of the Republic of Transkei to commemorate Independence on 26 October 1976. It was awarded to all ranks on the active strength of the Transkei Defence Force upon independence.

## The Transkei Defence Force

The Transkei Defence Force (TDF) was established upon that country's independence on 26 October 1976. The Republic of Transkei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Transkei Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

## Institution

The Independence Medal was instituted by the State President of Transkei on 26 October 1976, to commemorate the independence of the Republic of Transkei. While the medal is known to have been instituted and awarded, no warrant has yet been traced.

## Award criteria

The medal was awarded to all ranks who were on the active strength of the Transkei Defence Force upon independence, including members on detached duty from the South African Defence Force.

## Order of wear

Since the Independence Medal was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

### Transkei Defence Force until 26 April 1994

* Official TDF order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Defence Force Medal.
** Succeeded by the Military Rule Medal.
* Transkei official national order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Police Medal for Combating Terrorism.
** Succeeded by the Military Rule Medal.

### South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

* Official SANDF order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal of the United Kingdom.
** Succeeded by the Independence Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
* Official national order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal of the United Kingdom.
** Succeeded by the Independence Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
The position of the Independence Medal in the order of precedence remained unchanged, as it was on 27 April 1994, when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted in April 1996 for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again when a new series of military orders, decorations and medals was instituted in South Africa on 27 April 2003.

## Description
### Obverse

The Independence Medal is a medallion struck in bronze, 38 millimetres in diameter and 3 millimetres thick at the raised rim, displaying the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Transkei.

### Reverse

The reverse is plain with a raised rim and is inscribed "UZIMELE" and "26•10•76" in two lines.

### Ribbon

The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 4 millimetres wide brown band and a 4 millimetres wide white band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 16 millimetres wide green band. Brown, white and green are the colours of the national flag of Transkei.

## Discontinuation

Conferment of the Independence Medal was discontinued in 1976.
# Ecological area

An ecological area is a type of New Zealand protected area. They are usually large (1,000 to 5,000 hectares) and usually feature the main ecosystems of a defined ecological district. There are currently 57 recognised ecological areas in New Zealand.
Like sanctuary areas, most ecological areas were set aside by the now defunct New Zealand Forest Service in the 1970s and 1980s in response to activism by the conservationist movement. Historically, ecological areas have mostly been in Southland and the West Coast of the South Island, and the Bay of Plenty Region of the North Island.
Ecological areas are usually accessible to the general public, but dogs are prohibited.

## North Island
### Auckland Region

* Omaha Ecological Area

### Waikato Region

* Hapuakohe Ecological Area
* Kapowai Ecological Area
* Moehau Ecological Area
* Otahu Ecological Area
* Papakai Ecological Area
* Raepahu Fernbird Ecological Area
* Taumatatawhero Ecological Area
* Waihaha Ecological Area
* Waiomu Ecological Area
* Whenuakura Ecological Area

### Manawatū-Whanganui Region

* Manakau Ecological Area
* Maramataha Ecological Area
* Pukepoto Ecological Area
* Rotokuru Ecological Area
* Whenuakura Ecological Area

### Wellington Region

* Manakau Ecological Area
* Penn Creek Ecological Area

## South Island
### Tasman District

* Mokihinui Forks Ecological Area

### West Coast Region

* Ahaura Terraces Ecological Area
* Atbara-Nile Ecological Area
* Bell Hill - Granite Hill Ecological Area
* Berlins Bluff Ecological Area
* Blackwater River Ecological Area
* Bywash Pakihi Ecological Area
* Card Creek Ecological Area
* Coal Creek Ecological Area
* Deadman Ecological Area
* Deep Creek Ecological Area
* Doctor Hill Ecological Area
* Flagstaff Ecological Area
* Fletcher Creek Ecological Area
* Glasseye Creek Ecological Area
* Granville Ecological Area
* Greenstone Ecological Area
* Kakapotahi Ecological Area
* Kaniere Ecological Area
* Karamea Bluff Ecological Area
* Lake Hochstetter Ecological Area
* Lower Poerua Ecological Area
* Mokihinui Forks Ecological Area
* Moonlight Ecological Area
* Mount Harata Ecological Area
* Nancys Clearing Ecological Area
* Ngakawau Ecological Area
* Okarito Forks Ecological Area
* Orikaka Ecological Area
* Oroko Swamp Ecological Area
* Otututu Ecological Area
* Radcliffe Ecological Area
* Roaring Meg Ecological Area
* Saltwater Ecological Area
* Saxton Ecological Area
* Te Wharau Ecological Area
* Three Mile Hill Ecological Area
* Tiropahi Ecological Area
* Upper Totara Ecological Area
* Waipuna Ecological Area

### Otago Region

* Aramoana Ecological Area

### Southland Region

* Lindsay Ecological Area
# Pseudocatharylla

Pseudocatharylla is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Pseudocatharylla albiceps (Hampson, 1912)
* Pseudocatharylla allecto Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla angolica Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla argenticilia (Hampson, 1919)
* Pseudocatharylla artemida Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla asteria Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla auricinctalis (Walker, 1863)
* Pseudocatharylla aurifimbriellus (Hampson, 1896)
* Pseudocatharylla berberichi Bleszynski, 1970
* Pseudocatharylla calypso Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla chalcipterus (Hampson, 1896)
* Pseudocatharylla chionopepla (Hampson, 1919)
* Pseudocatharylla duplicellus (Hampson, 1896)
* Pseudocatharylla faduguella Schouten, 1994
* Pseudocatharylla flavicostella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla flavipedellus (Zeller, 1852)
* Pseudocatharylla gioconda Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla inclaralis (Walker, 1863)
* Pseudocatharylla infixellus (Walker, 1863)
* Pseudocatharylla innotalis (Hampson, 1919)
* Pseudocatharylla kibwezica Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla lagosella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla latiola Chen, Song & Yuan, 2002
* Pseudocatharylla mariposella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla megera Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla meus (Strand, 1918)
* Pseudocatharylla mikengella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla nemesis Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla nigrociliella (Zeller, 1863)
* Pseudocatharylla peralbellus (Hampson, 1919)
* Pseudocatharylla photoleuca (Lower, 1903)
* Pseudocatharylla polyxena Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla ruwenzorella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla shafferi Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla simplex (Zeller, 1877)
* Pseudocatharylla subgioconda Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla submikengella Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla tisiphone Bassi, 1999
* Pseudocatharylla ugandica Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla xymena Bleszynski, 1964
* Pseudocatharylla zernyi Bleszynski, 1964
# Mesocyclops longisetus

Mesocyclops longisetus is a species of freshwater copepod in the family Cyclopidae. Two subspecies are accepted, Mesocyclops longisetus curvatus Dussart, 1987, and Mesocyclops longisetus longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912). It has a neotropical distribution.

## Description

Like other copepods in the order Cyclopoida, these are small, planktonic, free-living animals. They are distinguished from closely related groups by having the first antenna shorter than the combined length of the head and thorax, the second antenna being unbranched. The cephalothorax length of the adult female is 1 mm (0.04 in), and that of the male is 0.6 mm (0.024 in).

## Life cycle

The eggs take about 42 hours to hatch at 25°C and about 30 hours at 30°C. The average time for development through several nauplia larval stages is 22 days for females and 18 for males.

## Ecology

These copepods are capable of rapid movement. Their larval development is metamorphic, and the embryos are carried attached to the underside of the first abdominal somite.

## Use in biological control

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of the parasites that cause the human disease filariasis. Mesocyclops longisetus is a predator and feeds on mosquito larvae, including C. quinquefasciatus, with the predatory efficiency against the first and second instars being 84 and 63% respectively. Another method of killing the mosquito larvae is the use of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the help of the green seaweed Caulerpa scalpelliformis. Combining these two methods did not significantly alter the predatory efficiency of the copepod, reducing it to 78 and 59% respectively.
A trial in Florida which studied the rainwater that accumulates in containers such as tyres, plastic buckets and flower vases, showed that the larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus could be eliminated by the introduction into the containers of M. longisetus.
# War in the South Pacific

War in the South Pacific is a 1987 computer wargame designed by Gary Grigsby and published by Strategic Simulations. It is classified as a monster wargame.

## Gameplay

War in the South Pacific is a computer wargame that simulates Pacific Theatre conflicts during World War II. It is classified as a monster wargame, and allows sea, land and air combat. The title contains both historical and hypothetical battles.

## Development

War in the South Pacific was designed by Gary Grigsby and was published by Strategic Simulations Inc. (SSI). According to Bob Proctor of Computer Gaming World, the title had a troubled development and "was delayed more than a year" because its scope chafed against RAM limitations. "[T]he various game modules are all within a handful of bytes of filling the memory", he wrote, and noted War in the South Pacific shipped with glitches because it was impossible to fix them without more RAM. These problems led SSI reconsider producing monster wargames for 64K machines; Proctor wrote that Grigsby and the rest of the team were "well aware of the game's faults" when it shipped. War in the South Pacific was released in 1987 for the Apple II and Commodore 64.

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| Computer Play | 6.76/10 |
J. L. Miller of Computer Play called the game "complex and interesting, but recommended only to those with a special interest in the period." Bob Proctor of Computer Gaming World agreed: "I can only recommend WITSP to those who are very serious wargamers, have a particular interest in the Pacific theater, and have lots of time to delve into it", he wrote.

## Reviews

* Fire & Movement #76
# Franklin Evans

Franklin Evans; or The Inebriate, is a temperance novel by Walt Whitman first published in 1842.

## Plot overview

Franklin Evans; or The Inebriate: A Tale of the Times, the first novel written by Walt Whitman, is the rags-to-riches story of Franklin Evans. Franklin Evans starts as an innocent young man, leaving Long Island to come to New York City for the opportunity to better himself. Being young and naïve, he is easily influenced by someone whom he befriended (Colby) and eventually becomes a drunkard. He tries many times to abstain from alcohol but does not succeed until after the death of his two wives. The novel portrays the journey of a young man living and learning through his mistakes, picking up life lessons along the way.

## Characters

* Franklin Evans: The main character of the novel.
* Colby: The first person whom Evans befriends. He introduces Evans to music halls, theaters and taverns when he first gets to the city. At the end of the novel, Evans sees Colby being made a fool of by some children for money. This image helps Evans reflect on what he could have become had he not quit drinking.
* Mr. Lee: A gentleman who takes a liking toward Evans. He helps him to get a job when first getting to the city and watches his life unfold from a distance. On his death bed, Lee calls for Evans to come see him and tells him that he has left his fortune to him. Like his late wife, Evans is a drunkard but Evans does not let it take him to his grave. Mr. Lee feels that when Evans came to the city, he should have watched over him as a father, would and since he failed to do so, he wants to make up for his neglect.
* Mary Evans: Franklin's first wife. Evans and Mary are in love, but she dies because of his neglect toward her.
* The Marchion Family: After saving their daughter from drowning, the Marchion family helps Evans when he is thrown in jail and helps him both times he tries to abstain from alcohol.
* Bourne: The friend whom Evans stays with when he leaves the city and reintroduces him to drink.
* Margaret: She is a slave but is given her freedom when Evans decides he wanted to marry her. Their marriage is not pleasant because Evans does not really love her; he only thought he did in his drunken state. Evans' love for another woman leads her to commit murder and then suicide.
* Mrs. Conway: After marrying Margaret, Evans meets Mrs. Conway and takes an instant liking to her. He spends more time with her than with his wife and would do anything for her. Knowing that Evans never would say no to her, she asks for the brother of Margaret to be her servant. Evans complies with her and causes so much anger in Margaret that she plots to kill Mrs. Conway in her quest for revenge. When her plan backfires and her brother becomes ill and dies, Margaret decides to strangle her. Not being able to live with the guilt, she kills herself.
# Kawai, Iwate

Kawai (川井村, Kawai-mura) was a village located in Shimohei District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## History

The village of Kawai was created on April 1, 1889 within Nakahei District with the establishment of the municipalities system. Nakahei was merged with Higashihei and Kitahei districts to form Shimohei District on March 29, 1896. On July 1, 1955, Kawai annexed the neighboring village of Oguni.
On January 1, 2010, Kawai was merged into the expanded city of Miyako, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
As of January 1, 2006, the village had an estimated population of 2,952 and a population density of 5.2 persons per km². The total area was 563.07 km².

## Climate

Climate data for Kawai (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 21.7 (71.1) | 29.9 (85.8) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 37.5 (99.5) | 35.1 (95.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.9 (69.6) | 37.5 (99.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.0 (46.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 28.0 (82.4) | 24.1 (75.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | 15.7 (60.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) | −0.6 (30.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 1.4 (34.5) | 10.4 (50.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) | −4.8 (23.4) | −1.8 (28.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 14.4 (57.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.7 (35.1) | −2.3 (27.9) | 5.8 (42.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.4 (4.3) | −17.7 (0.1) | −12.4 (9.7) | −5.0 (23.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | 1.7 (35.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 2.5 (36.5) | −2.3 (27.9) | −6.7 (19.9) | −12.6 (9.3) | −17.7 (0.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46.0 (1.81) | 40.7 (1.60) | 74.9 (2.95) | 85.1 (3.35) | 94.0 (3.70) | 104.9 (4.13) | 158.8 (6.25) | 176.7 (6.96) | 168.1 (6.62) | 131.3 (5.17) | 70.6 (2.78) | 61.0 (2.40) | 1,221.2 (48.08) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.1 | 6.5 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 116 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 122.1 | 124.8 | 158.2 | 183.0 | 199.0 | 168.9 | 148.3 | 155.0 | 132.1 | 141.9 | 127.0 | 112.2 | 1,775.5 |
| Source: JMA ||||||||||||||
# VA Boston Healthcare System

The VA Boston Healthcare System is a set of hospitals run by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs in the Greater Boston area. It comprises nine campuses, with three major medical centers in Jamaica Plain, West Roxbury, and Brockton.
The Jamaica Plain building was the site of a great deal of research in neuropsychology. Edith Kaplan, Norman Geschwind and Harold Goodglass developed many neuropsychological tests here to describe and treat aphasia along with other psychological problems. After it was retired as an inpatient facility, many of the rooms were converted into offices that now support researchers from Harvard and Boston University.
Current research activities include the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), the Behavioral Science Division of the National Center for PTSD, the Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, and a Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center GRECC.
# Longcochon

Longcochon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal

The Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal (IPEJ), ISSN 0972-6292, is a peer reviewed online journal devoted to cardiac pacing and electrophysiology. Manuscript submission and peer review are entirely through electronic media to minimize delay in publication. Initially it was a quarterly publication. Currently it is a bimonthly publication. The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals are followed.
IPEJ is a unique open access journal which charges neither reader nor the author. The journal is being maintained by the voluntary effort of medical professionals in the field interested in maintaining free access to academic publications. Full text of the journal is being archived at PubMed Central, the free full text online archive of the US National Library of Medicine.
The journal is indexed by Embase and PubMed, and Scopus, and has been published regularly since 2001.
# Pseudomonas congelans

Pseudomonas congelans is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses. The type strain is DSM 14939.
# The Liberators: Fighting on Two Fronts in World War II

The Liberators: Fighting on Two Fronts in World War II is a 1992 documentary film co-produced by Bill Miles and Nina Rosenblum and narrated by the actors Louis Gossett Jr. and Denzel Washington. Using interviews, photographs, and diary readings, it tells the story of the primarily black 761st Tank Battalion and 183rd Combat Engineers during World War II, including their experiences of racism in the United States and their involvement in the liberation of Nazi concentration camps. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
The documentary was criticized for misidentifying the units and camps involved in the liberation of concentration camps. There was speculation that the film was intended to reduce tensions between the Jewish and African-American communities in the aftermath of the 1991 Crown Heights Riot.
WNET’s investigation into the film found that Paul Parks, identified in The Liberators as serving in the 183rd Combat Engineers Battalion, had actually served in the 365th Engineers, which was close to Le Havre, France on the day of Dachau's liberation. The U.S. Army Center of Military History reported that it had no records “to prove or disprove that there were African American units that participated in the liberation of Dachau.” However, a Holocaust survivor said in an interview with Elliot Perlman that there were black troops present on the day of the liberation of Dachau.
The Liberators was described as "outstanding but ultimately flawed" in a review published in The Journal of American History, because although it gave a "vivid portrayal of discrimination, humiliation, courage, and achievement", it distorted history by strongly implying, using footage interspersed with the interviews, that the 761st Tank Battalion was involved in the liberation of the Buchenwald and Dachau. The 761st liberated the Gunskirchen sub-unit of the Mauthausen concentration camp, but were not near either Buchenwald or Dachau when they were liberated. It was suggested that this false impression was given for dramatic effect because Gunskirchen has less name recognition than the other concentration camps.
Facing History and Ourselves describes the film as "a valuable contribution to the oral history of this period, particularly about segregation in the United States."
A companion book was published based on the film's research.
# Huffine

Huffine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Candice Huffine (born 1984), American model
* Ken Huffine (1897–1977), American football player and coach
# Cushing Strout

Cushing Strout was an American intellectual historian. He was Ernest I. White Professor of American Studies and Humane Letters at Cornell University.

## Works

* The Pragmatic Revolt in American History: Carl Becker and Charles Beard (1959)
* The American Image of the Old World (1963)
* Hawthorne in England: Selections from "Our Old Home" and "The English Note-Books" (1965)
* Conscience, Science & Security: The Case Of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer (1965) editor
* Spirit of American Government by J. Allen Smith (1965) editor
* Intellectual History in America (1968) editor, two volumes, Contemporary Essays on Puritanism, the Enlightenment & Romanticism, and From Darwin to Niebuhr
* Divided We Stand: Reflections on the Crisis at Cornell (1970) editor with David I. Grossvogel
* The New Heavens and New Earth: Political Religion in America (1973)
* The Veracious Imagination: Essays on American History, Literature and Biography (1981)
* Making American Tradition: Visions & Revisions from Ben Franklin to Alice Walker (1990)
# Valahia University of Târgoviște

The Valahia University of Târgovişte is a university in Târgoviște, Dâmbovița County, Romania.

## Organization

These are the 10 faculties in which the university is divided into:
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences
* Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology
* Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Food Science
* Faculty of Humanities
* Faculty of Orthodox Theology and Educational Science
* Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics
* Faculty of Political Sciences, Letters and Communication
* Faculty of Sciences and Arts
* Faculty of Sciences and Engineering Alexandria
# Greenfingers (TV programme)

Greenfingers is a 1990s Irish television programme about gardening. It was produced by Fast Forward Productions for RTÉ and BBC Northern Ireland. It was presented by gardeners, horticulturalists and garden designers Gerry Daly, David Robinson, Crosbie Cochrane, Trevor Edwards, Helen Mark, and Finola Reid. The presenters would visit gardens throughout the Island of Ireland.