OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# West Tolgus

West Tolgus is a village in the Tolgus Valley in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies just off the A30 road south of Illogan, northeast of Camborne and northwest of Redruth.

## History
### Mining

The village was a notable mining area and was mined from the early 1720s. Wheal Raven Mine produced over 700 tons of copper ore in the 1760s and a little zinc ore, but hardly any tin. Facing stiff competition from other more successful mines in the area, the mine fell into difficulty and had to close. Attempts were made in 1793 and in 1805 to reopen it, and between 1810 and 1819 it reopened as Wheal Royal but was abandoned once again until the mining boom of 1824 when it reverted to its former name of Wheal Raven. It produced over 1500 tons of copper ore of a moderate grade in the period that followed but was again closed. It reopened again between 1831 and 1836 during which it produced over 500 tons of copper ore.
In 1844, a new company purchased the mine and renamed it West Tolgus and Treloweth, and just West Tolgus from 1850. It closed in 1851 and again reopened in 1860 after being bought by John Taylor and Sons. Managed by Captain Joseph Jewell, they built an engine house with a 60-inch (later 65 then 70) pumping engine and a 10-foot stroke, enabling mining to reach a depth of 312 feet or 52 fathoms by April 1862. It employed over 120 people at the time and by 1879 over 230. During the 1870s, a series of accidents caused the mine to flood, including in 1873 when flooding closed the mine for five months, and in January 1879 when the balance bob broke in two places in Richards' Shaft. The damage led to increased costs and wet mining conditions, leading to its eventual abandonment. The mine ceased operations for the final time in February 1884.

### Cornish Wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments were held at Tolgus, for prizes, during the 1800s.
# Gerontia pantherina

Gerontia pantherina is a species of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.
# MF Storegut

MF Storegut is a railway ferry that operated between Tinnoset and Mæl on Lake Tinn, Norway. She was launched on 25 May 1956 and taken out of service after 4 July 1991 when the Tinnsjø railway ferry ceased operations. As of 2008 Storegut is docked at Tinnoset and is used for chartered heritage services. She is named for the poem "Storegut" by Aasmund Olavsson Vinje.

## Specifications

As the fourth and last delivered railway ferry for Lake Tinn, Storegut was the largest and the only one not steam powered. She has a track length of 156 metres (512 ft) on two parallel standard gauge tracks spanning the length of the vessel; allowing 21 cars of chemicals weighing 800 tonnes to be carried. In addition she could carry 400 passengers above and below deck. When she was launched she was the largest lake ferry in Northern-Europe at 1,119 tonnes.
She has three diesel engines from Motoren Werke Mannheim, each at 590 kW (750 hp). Normal operation calls for use of two engines providing 13 knots (24 km/h) to 14 knots (26 km/h), but additional thrust can be provided through use of all three engines, giving 15 knots (28 km/h); The travel time on the 30 kilometres (19 mi) route was 80 minutes. The hull is in steel while the bridge is in aluminum. There were three saloons, including one for women and one for non-smokers.

## History

After the dramatic sinking of Hydro the operating company Norsk Transport needed increased capacity. The old steam ferries were too small, too slow and burned too much coal for the company's liking; instead they opted for a new diesel ferry to be built. Construction started on the docks of Tinnoset in 1955 by Glommens Mek. Verksted, with completion the following year. Storegut became the main ferry for Norsk Transport, with Rjukanfoss and Ammonia as reserves—Storegut was dimensioned to handle all the transport on her own. The older ships burned two and a half times the fuel, used an extra 25 minutes on the crossing, so in 1969 Rjukanfoss was stranded and dismounted.

## Heritage

The ferry remained in service until the closing of the ferry service, after which she became docked at Tinnoset in an operational state, along with Ammonia. She is used as part of the heritage railway or for chartered trips. In 2004 the foundation running the ferries went bankrupt, with problems financing the necessary NOK 400,000 to keep the two remaining ferries operations. In 2008 the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage announced that they were working on making Storegut, along with the rest of the railway between Notodden and Rjukan, a World Heritage Site.
# Galijula

Galijula is an uninhabited isle in the southwestern Adriatic Sea, 3 nautical miles from the island of Palagruža. It belongs to the municipality of Komiža in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. It is the southernmost point of Croatia.
# Jindong, Western Australia

Jindong is a locality in Western Australia's South West region in the local government area of the City of Busselton. At the 2021 census, the area had a population of 68. As part of the Group Settlement Scheme, the area had a school from 1924, which was later housed in the local hall, constructed around 1930. There is a motocross track in Jindong.
# Judge Biggs

Judge Biggs may refer to:
* Asa Biggs (1811–1878), judge of the United States District Court for the Albemarle, Cape Fear and Pamptico Districts of North Carolina
* Caroline Biggs (fl. 1990s–2020s), judge of the High Court of Ireland
* John Biggs Jr. (1895–1979), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
* Loretta Copeland Biggs (born 1954), judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
# Lüders affair

The Lüders affair was a legal and diplomatic embarrassment to the Haitian government in 1897.
On September 21, 1897, Haitian police were looking for one Dorléus Présumé, who was accused of theft. They found him washing a coach in front of the "Écuries Centrales" (Central Stables) of Port-au-Prince. His employer was Emile Lüders. Présumé resisted arrest, and Lüders, who had heard the noise, came to his defence.
On September 21, 1897, both Présumé and Lüders were sentenced by the Police Tribunal to one month's imprisonment for assault and battery. They appealed to the Correctional Tribunal, but this time they were also charged with using force to resist arrest. The original sentence was annulled and on October 14 they were sentenced to one year's imprisonment.
Lüders had previously been sentenced to six days imprisonment in 1894 for battery on a soldier. Witnesses against Lüders included British, French, and German witnesses. Nonetheless, on October 17 the German Chargé d'affaires, Count Schwerin, demanded the immediate release of Lüders (who had been born in Haiti but had a German father), as well as the removal of the judges and dismissal of the police officers involved in the case. Responding to intervention by the American representative, W.F. Powell, President Sam pardoned Lüders, who left the country on October 22.
On December 6, 1897, two German warships, the screw corvettes SMS Charlotte and SMS Stein, anchored in the harbor of Port-au-Prince, without the usual salute, and Captain Thiele of Charlotte notified the Haitian government of an ultimatum whose conditions were humiliating in both form and substance: compensation in the amount of twenty thousand dollars for Lüders, a promise that Lüders could return to Haiti, a letter of apology to the German government, a 21-gun salute to the German flag, a reception for the German Chargé d'affaires, and four hours to decide. The President was required to raise a white flag on the presidential palace in token of surrender.
The Haitian government yielded, to the distress of its people, who had been prepared to defend their national honor. They were horrified to see the white flag, despite the protestations of the French ambassador, Théodore Meyer, that it was merely a parliamentary standard.
Solon Ménos, Foreign Minister of Haiti at the time, subsequently fought a duel with a member of Lüders' family and was the subject of an action for defamation by two German officials requiring him to append a statement to the end of his book on the Lüders affair.
The Lüders affair was extremely embarrassing for president Sam, and undermined his authority in Haiti, leading to his resignation in 1902.
# Red-black

Red-black or Redblack may refer to:
* Ottawa Redblacks, a Canadian football team
* Red/black concept, a concept in cryptography
* Red-black striped snake, a colubrid snake
* Red–black tree, a type of self-balancing binary search tree used in computer science
# Medog mountain vole

The Medog mountain vole (Neodon medogensis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in China.
# Omatako

Omatako may refer to the following places and jurisdictions in central Namibia:
* Omatako Constituency
* Omatako Mountains
* Omatako Dam
# Pray Codex

The Pray Codex, also called Codex Pray or The Hungarian Pray Manuscript, is a collection of medieval manuscripts, dated to the late 12th to early 13th centuries. In 1813 it was named after György Pray, who discovered it in 1770. It is the first known example of continuous prose text in Hungarian. The Codex is kept in the National Széchényi Library of Budapest.
One of the most well-known documents within the Codex (f. 154a) is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Hungarian: Halotti beszéd és könyörgés). It is an old handwritten Hungarian text dating to 1192-1195. The importance of the Funeral Sermon comes from its being the oldest surviving Hungarian, and Uralic, text.
The Codex also features a missal, an Easter mystery play, songs with musical notation, laws from the time of Coloman of Hungary and the Annales Posonienses, which list the Hungarian kings.
One of the five illustrations within the Codex shows the body of Jesus being prepared for burial, and also the subsequent Resurrection of Jesus, with an angel showing the empty tomb to the Three Ladies. This illustration shows generic similarities with the Shroud of Turin: Jesus is shown entirely naked with the arms on the pelvis, as in the body image of the Shroud of Turin; the thumbs on the image appear to be retracted, with only four fingers visible on each hand, matching the detail on the Turin Shroud; the supposed fabric shows a herringbone pattern, similar to the weaving pattern of the Shroud; and the four tiny circles on the lower image, which appear to form a letter L, "perfectly reproduce four apparent "poker holes" on the Turin Shroud", which likewise appear to form a letter L. Critics of this idea consider this item to be a rectangular tombstone as seen on other sacred images, and say that the alleged holes are just decorative elements, as seen on the angel's wing and on various items of clothing; that the alleged shroud shows no image of a man, and that a wadded up cloth lies discarded on the tombstone.
# Gerard O'Mahony

Gerard "Ged" Anthony O'Mahony (born 17 March 1979) is an Australian pro boxer best known for competing in the Olympics in 2004 and 2008 at Welterweight.

## Amateur

O'Mahony started boxing at an early age. He was trained by English born trainer Garry Hamilton. In 2004, he qualified for the Athens Olympics but at the Games (results) lost his first bout to Ukrainian Viktor Polyakov. In 2005, he beat Jarrod Fletcher on his way to the Australian title. In 2006, he was beaten at welterweight by eventual southpaw winner Bongani Mwelase in the first round of the Commonwealth Games. At the 2008 Olympics, he was named as the captain of the Australian boxing team, but was beaten in the opening round by Moldovan Vitalie Gruşac. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

## Pro

O'Mahony embarked on a pro career in 2009, so far compiling a record of 2-0.
# MT-TP

Mitochondrially encoded tRNA proline also known as MT-TP is a transfer RNA that in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TP gene.

## Structure

The MT-TP gene is located on the p arm of the non-nuclear mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 68 base pairs. The structure of a tRNA molecule is a distinctive folded structure which contains three hairpin loops and resembles a three-leafed clover.

## Function

MT-TP is a small 68 nucleotide RNA (human mitochondrial map position 15956-16023) that transfers the amino acid proline to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during translation. MT-TP is responsible for coding the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which is required for the synthesis of beta-lipoproteins in the liver and intestine. Beta-lipoproteins are essential in fat, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamin transport from the intestine to the bloodstream for absorption.

## Clinical significance
### Abetalipoproteinemia

Mutations in MT-TP have been associated with abetalipoproteinemia. Abetalipoproteinemia is an inherited disorder characterized by an impaired absorption of fats and certain vitamins from the diet. Mutations in MT-TP cause an impaired microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lead to reduced or absent beta-lipoprotein. The dysfunction of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein then results in insufficient levels of fats, cholesterol, and vitamins, which are necessary for growth and development. Therefore, clinical manifestations of abetalipoproteinemia include impaired weight gain and growth, failure to thrive, diarrhea, and steatorrhea. Mutations of GLY865TER, SER590ILE, ASN780TYR, ARG540HIS, IVS9AS, and ARG215TER of the MT-TP gene have been found in patients with the disease.

### Complex I deficiency

MT-TP mutations may result in complex I deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which may cause a wide variety of signs and symptoms affecting many organs and systems of the body, particularly the nervous system, the heart, and the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). These signs and symptoms can appear at any time from birth to adulthood. Phenotypes of the condition include encephalopathy, epilepsy, dystonia, hypotonia, myalgia, exercise intolerance, and more. A G15975A mutation has been found in a patient with the deficiency. In addition, MT-TP mutations have been associated with late-onset ataxia, retinitis, pigmentosa, deafness, leukoencephalopathy, and complex IV deficiency.
# Galina Rezchikova

Galina Rezchikova (21 December 1934 – 1994) was a Soviet sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Melarmath, Agartala

Melarmath is a locality in Agartala, Tripura, India.
# Ivanovka

Ivanovka may refer to:
* İvanovka, a village and municipality in Ismayilli District of Azerbaijan
* Ivanovka, Kyrgyzstan, a village in Ysyk-Ata District, Kyrgyzstan
* Ivanovka, Russia, several rural localities in Russia
* Ivanovka estate, near Tambov, Russia
# Interiors (Rosanne Cash album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | A− |
| Entertainment Weekly | B− |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| The Philadelphia Inquirer | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Stylus Magazine | A− |
| Uncut | 9/10 |
Interiors is the seventh studio album by American country music singer Rosanne Cash. The album was released on October 5, 1990, as her sixth album for Columbia Records. The album accounted for her last appearances on the Hot Country Songs charts: "What We Really Want" reached number 39, and "On the Surface" reached number 69. In The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for the year's best albums, Interiors finished at No. 8.

## Track listing
### The Full Sessions (1990) bonus tracks

* "Portrait" (Cash, Keith Sykes) – 3:48
* "All Come True" (Karl Wallinger) – 5:20

### Reissue bonus tracks

* "This World" (live) (Cash) – 4:09
* "What We Really Want" (acoustic) (Rosanne Cash) – 3:34

## Personnel

* Rosanne Cash: vocals
* Vince Melamed: piano, keyboards
* Maura O'Connell: violin, background vocals
* Rodney Crowell: guest vocal
* Mark O'Connor: mandolin
* Jerry Douglas: electric slide guitar, dobro
* Edgar Meyer: Areo bass
* Pat Flynn: acoustic guitar
* Eddie Bayers: drums
* Jim Hanson: bass, background vocals
* Steuart Smith: electric and acoustic guitar
* Richard Bennett: acoustic guitar, mandolin guitar O Phone
* Vince Santoro: tambourine, cardboard box, background vocals
* Barbara Santoro: background vocals
* Michael Rhodes: bass, upright bass, Washburn acoustic bass
* John Stewart: acoustic guitar
* Michael Lawler: keyboards
* Tommy Spurlock: steel guitar
* Michael Blustone: shaker
* Jim Photoglo: background vocals
* Kristen DeLauer: background vocals
* John Barlow Jarvis: piano, keyboards
* John Leventhal: guitar
* Larry Campbell: mandolin
* Clifford Carter: keyboards
* Zev Katz: bass
* Dennis McDermott: drums
# Recollection Wisconsin

Recollection Wisconsin (formerly Wisconsin Heritage Online) is a collaborative digitization program initiated in 2005 by WiLS (Wisconsin Library Services), the Wisconsin Historical Society, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with support from the Milwaukee Public Library, the Milwaukee Public Museum, the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction's Division for Libraries, Technology, and Community Learning, and grant funding from the Nicholas Family Foundation. The founding mission of Wisconsin Heritage Online was "to inspire education and discovery by making Wisconsin's cultural heritage available to the public via the World Wide Web."
The program relaunched with a new name, Recollection Wisconsin, in 2013. The new Recollection Wisconsin website combines "the deep search and browsing capabilities of the old Wisconsin Heritage Online with curated tours of materials and interactive social media functions."
# Megachile addenda

Megachile addenda is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878. It is a pollinator of cranberries, nesting in sand beds.
# Olivier Duha

Olivier Duha is a French entrepreneur. He is the founder and co-chairman of Webhelp, an international company specialising in business process outsourcing and client relationship management.

## Biography

Duha studied at ESCEM (School of Business and Management) and the Audencia Nantes School of Management. He started his career in 1992 at LEK Consulting, on the advisory council on strategy and mergers/acquisitions. In this role he worked in London, Paris and Sydney.
In 1998, he obtained an MBA at INSEAD. Afterwards, he joined the American consulting firm Bain & Company.
In June 2000, he co-founded Webhelp with Frédéric Jousset, a former colleague from Bain & Company. The companyś original aim was to offer online assistance services for novice internet users, using expert consultants and tailored research tools.
The firm expanded to include global contact centres, hotlines, telemarketing and mail services. Today, Webhelp employs more than 100,000 people in over 50 countries, including France, Morocco, Algeria, Romania, Belgium, Madagascar, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the Netherlands, India, Portugal, Italy and Germany.

## Published books

* Duha, Olivier (2022). Think human: La révolution de l'expérience client à l'heure du digital (in French). Eyrolles.

## Distinctions and awards

* June 2010: Knight of the National Order of Merit (France)
# Postdentary trough

The postdentary trough is a skeletal feature seen in Mesozoic mammals. It is found on the inside of the lower jaw (dentary), at the back behind the molar teeth. It is the hollow in which the postdentary bones and Meckel's cartilage sit. These bones form the middle ear in later mammal groups (see Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles); they include the incus (quadrate), malleus (articular), ectotympanic (angular) and prearticular.
In Mesozoic mammals these bones gradually change position and size until they are incorporated in the middle ear.
# Helene Davis-Whyte

Helene Davis-Whyte (born 1956) is a Jamaican trade union activist and the general secretary of the Jamaica Association of Local Government Officers (JALGO), which represents 5,000 workers in local and national government and quasi-government agencies in Jamaica. She is also a vice-president of the Jamaica Confederation of Trade Unions.

## Early life

Helene Davis was one of four children. Her father was a businessman, and she says her childhood was a prosperous and happy one. She attended Queens High School in Kingston. But while in her Sixth form, her father's business began to fail. She dropped out of school to go to work and support the family. "Sometimes I left home without breakfast; I never had the lunch money and when I got home, I was not sure that I would see dinner," she said.
She had her first child at the age of 19. Although unmarried, she moved in with a sister (who was also a single parent) to make ends meet.
In 1995 she married Frederick Whyte, a former commissioner of the Jamaica Fire Brigade, and had a second child.

## Union career

In the early 1980s Davis-Whyte worked at the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation. "I was probably one of the most anti-union persons" working in local government, she admitted. But when a new mayor promised to lay off members of her department, she and other workers decided to ask for JALGO's assistance. During a meeting with then-general secretary E. Lloyd Taylor, Davis-Whyte became the speaker for the group. Her co-workers were so impressed with her representation of their issues that they elected her a delegate to JALGO, and she became increasingly involved in union work.
Davis-Whyte was elected vice-president of JALGO's Municipal Branch, and in 1984 was elected the national union's education officer. In 1995, after Taylor's retirement, she was elected general secretary (the union's highest office), and was re-elected in 1998, 2001 and 2004. Her nomination was a tumultuous one, and nearly caused a riot on the convention floor.
During her tenure as union leader, Davis-Whyte has opposed the flexible work-week for reducing workers' hours, pushed for reorganization of public welfare services, and urged a collaborative approach to policy making in which unions would participate in commissions, boards and advisory bodies in order to alleviate the impact of austerity measures.

## Education

Helene Davis-Whyte holds an associate degree in business studies and professional certificates in trade union studies and labour economics.
She received a Bachelor of Science degree in human resource management from the University College of the Caribbean (UCC) in 2006.
# Dulebe (Tutin)

Dulebe is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 56 people.
# Gabriel Bien-Aimé

Gabriel Bien-Aimé was a former Minister of National Education of Haiti. He was born in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. From 1994 to 2004 he served as the General Director of Ministry of Religious Affairs. After leaving this post he started Fondespoir, a microfinance organization, in 2001. He was a possible contender for the 2010 Haitian presidential Elections in Haiti.
He served as Minister of National Education from 2006 to 2008. As Minister he stressed to improved education as it is key to building up the country's skills base. “To change this we need more qualified teachers more adequate facilities, classrooms, and teaching materials,” that would complement the EU's funding for teacher training colleges. Minister Bien Aimé wished to reverse figures whereby 80% of education was provided by the private sector and just 20 by the public sector. It would have meant increasing the annual budget spent on education to 8% in 2008, 13% the following year, and then to gradually bring it up to 25%, putting spending on a par with most countries to achieve the eventual aim of “education for all,” as the phrase was employed by the Minister.
He was a Vice President of the Board of KNFP (Konsey Nasyonal Finansman Popile = National Council for Popular Finance) and member of the Board of ANIMH (Association Nationale des Institutions de Micro Finance d’Haïti= National Association of Micro Finance Institutions).

## Death

He died of a heart attack on May 15, 2010.