OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Politics of Loudi

The Politics of Loudi in Hunan province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The mayor of Loudi is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Loudi or Loudi Municipal Government. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the Mayor has less power than the municipal Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "CCP Party Chief of Loudi" or "Communist Party Secretary of Loudi".

## History

On May 9, 2020, former party chief Gong Wusheng (龚武生) was placed under investigation for "serious violations of laws and regulations" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the Chinese Communist Party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China. On November 2, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party.

## List of mayors of Loudi

| No. | English name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| 1 | Zhang Jiangong | 张建功 | January 1991 | July 1999 | |
| 2 | Liu Yunzhu | 刘云柱 | April 2000 | June 2005 | |
| 3 | Lin Wu | 林武 | June 2005 | November 2006 | Acting |
| 4 | Lin Wu | 林武 | November 2006 | March 2008 | |
| 5 | Zhang Shuofu | 张硕辅 | April 2008 | January 2009 | Acting |
| 6 | Zhang Shuofu | 张硕辅 | January 2009 | June 2011 | |
| 7 | Yi Pengfei | 易鹏飞 | June 2011 | January 2012 | Acting |
| 8 | Yi Pengfei | 易鹏飞 | January 2012 | March 2015 | |
| 9 | Li Jianguo | 李荐国 | April 2015 | May 2015 | Acting |
| 10 | Li Jianguo | 李荐国 | May 2015 | March 2016 | |
| 11 | Yang Yiwen | 杨懿文 | April 2016 | May 2016 | Acting |
| 12 | Yang Yiwen | 杨懿文 | May 2016 | April 2021 | |
| 12 | Zeng Chaoqun | 曾超群 | April 2021 | | |

## List of CCP Party secretaries of Loudi

| No. | English name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Yu Yingsheng | 余英生 | 1999 | April 2000 |
| 2 | Zhang Jiangong | 张建功 | April 2000 | February 2003 |
| 3 | Cai Lifeng | 蔡力峰 | February 2003 | January 2008 |
| 4 | Lin Wu | 林武 | March 2008 | December 2012 |
| 5 | Gong Wusheng | 龚武生 | December 2012 | March 2016 |
| 6 | Li Jianguo | 李荐国 | March 2016 | January 2017 |
| 7 | Li Jianguo | 李荐国 | January 2017 | December 2019 |
| 8 | liu Fei | 刘非 | December 2019 | October 2021 |
| 9 | Zou Wenhui | 邹文辉 | October 2021 | |
# Paula Akana

Paula Akana is a Hawaii-based journalist and executive director at The Friends of Iolani Palace in Honolulu. She was formerly a broadcast television journalist with KITV Island News.
Akana attended the Kamehameha Schools. Akana then earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism with a minor in Hawaiian anthropology and archeology from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
# Jan Skarbek

Jan Skarbek (June 15, 1885, in Paszczyna near Dębica – February 2, 1951) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, chronicler. Skarbek is one of the honorary citizens of Oświęcim – he was given this title from city authorities in 1934. He was known for cultivating interfaith relations in Oświęcim and maintaining friendly relations with local Jewish community.

## Biography
### Education

In 1909 he was ordained a priest and a diploma in theology at the Jagiellonian University. He was also a law graduate of the same university in Kraków. He was ordained a priest in Kraków in 1909. His first pastoral institution was the parish of St. Adalbert and St. Catherine in Jaworzno. In 1914. it ended up in nearby Szczakowa, and a year later in Pleszów, near Krakow. In January 1926, Skarbek became the parish priest of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary parish in Oświęcim and held this position until his death.

### Interwar period

He came to Oświęcim in 1926. He was a town councilor for many years. In 1934, he was awarded the title of an honorary citizen of Oświęcim. He was active in a number of charity, social and educational organizations, and was also involved in maintaining proper interfaith relations in Oświęcim. In 1929, he became chairman of the committee devoted to building and establishing the first secondary school in the city, which functions to the present day (today, the Stanisław Konarski Secondary School in Oświęcim).

### World War II

During the war, Skarbek worked with the resistance movement at the Auschwitz concentration camp. He was involved in helping escapees from the KL Auschwitz camp, including by issuing false baptism records.
On the night of July 1–2, 1942, German policemen arrested the parish priest, treasurer and one of the vicars. The priests were beaten and the presbytery was plundered. The parish priest's housekeeper was also arrested. Skarbek was arrested for "storing excessive amounts of food in the presbytery". He was imprisoned in Oświęcim, Katowice, Mysłowice and Bielsko. After his release, the German authorities did not allow him to return to Oświęcim, and he did not return there until 1945; then he continued to act as a parish priest.
He died on February 2, 1951, in Oświęcim and was buried in the parish cemetery in Oświęcim.

## Activities for interfaith relations

Skarbek actively built good relations with the Jewish community of Oświęcim based on mutual respect. He maintained warm, friendly relations with many members of the Jewish community, including the local rabbi Elyahu Bombach and other rabbis. He encouraged the Catholic community of the town to be similarly open towards other religions. Skarbek met the rabbi of Oświęcim in the park, where they talked together in Hebrew.
# Divine soul (disambiguation)

Divine soul in kabbalah is the source of good inclination and Godly desires.
Divine soul may also refer to:
* Ātman (Hinduism), inner self or soul
* Ātman (Buddhism), the concept of self
* Jīva (Jainism), a philosophical term to identify the soul
* Divine soul, concept in Sufi cosmology
# Hoketus

Hoketus was an amplified musical ensemble founded by Dutch composer Louis Andriessen in the Netherlands in 1976. The group was originally formed to perform Louis Andriessen's minimal composition Hoketus, but remained together and began to perform music composed for the group by other composers (many of whom came from within the group's ranks). The group disbanded in 1987.
The ensemble's instrumentation and overall artistic aesthetic was quite radical; it was made up of two equal groups of instruments (two pianos, two Fender Rhodes electric pianos, two sets of panpipes, two saxophones, two electric bass guitars, and two percussionists).
Hoketus considered itself a collective and set a number of rules for itself, rules so stringent that taken together they could be considered a manifesto. The group always performed with amplification set at a high volume, the two groups of instruments situating themselves as far apart as possible from one another on stage. Personal expression was not permitted; melodies could only be built through the interlocking of single notes or chords, played in alternation between the groups using the Medieval technique of hocket (hence the group's name). The group had an aesthetic bias toward works that were heavy, loud, dissonant, and brutal, showing influence from both hard rock and the works of Igor Stravinsky (one of Andriessen's favorite composers).
Besides Andriessen, other composers who wrote for Hoketus include Diderik Wagenaar, Cornelis de Bondt, Michael Nyman, Huib Emmer, Klas Torstensson, and Gene Carl.
An ensemble of similar instrumentation called Icebreaker was formed in York, England in 1989, and continues to perform works from the Hoketus repertoire.
# Gubbarudda

Gubbarudda, formerly Gubberudda (Irish: Gob a' Roide) is a townland in County Roscommon, Ireland about 4.5 kilometres north-west from the village of Arigna. Gubbarudda is a very rural area composed of 432 acres with only two residences. Much of the northern parts of the townland encompasses Coillte woodlands, while its southern areas are situated on the 'Kilronan Mountain Bog Natural Heritage Area'. The population of Gubbarudda as of 2012 totaled eight people.
Gubbarudda borders County Sligo to the west, and the tripoint of counties Leithrim, Roscommon, and Sligo on the river Arigna is less than a kilometre away from its northern border. Neighbouring townlands are Greaghacorra to the north-east where the river Arigna forms the border, Aughabehy to the east, Greaghnageeragh and Cashel to the south, Rover, County Sligo to the west, and Glen, County Sligo to the west and north.
The name is composed of gubba, which is a corruption of ghob, the Irish for 'beak', describing the pointed shape of the land area, and rudda, which derives from the word rua meaning 'red', relating to the large quantities of iron minerals found in the vicinity.
The traditional Irish flautist Packie Duignan lived for a while in Gubbarudda in the house where his father grew up.
During the Great Famine a huge population decline was observed in every other townland in Arigna apart from Gubbarudda which enjoyed a slight population increase. There were five households in the townland in the year 1858. The population of Gubbarudda in the year 1901 was 26. Nonetheless the townland's population was to decrease dramatically throughout the 20th century when locals either emigrated abroad or moved to larger, more populated areas such as Boyle, Carrick-on-Shannon and Sligo.

## Coal mines

Coal mines in Gubbarudda were documented in the 1837 Ordnance Survey Namebook. By 1858, a mine was owned by the McManus family which is mentioned in Griffith's Valuation. It was only open for three months of the year. The last functioning coal mine in Gubbarudda was owned by the Flynn family and closed in 1991. There remains widespread evidence to this day that local families dug for coal on their own lands. These mines were known as prochógs or pruchas ("holes").
# Nicaragua lunar sample displays

The Nicaraguan lunar sample displays are two commemorative plaques consisting of small fragments of Moon specimen brought back with the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 Moon missions and given in the 1970s to the people of Nicaragua by United States President Richard Nixon as goodwill gifts.

## Description
### Apollo 11

At the request of Nixon, NASA had about 250 presentation plaques made following Apollo 11 in 1969. Each included about four rice-sized particles of Moon dust from the mission totaling about 50 mg. The Apollo 11 lunar sample display has an acrylic plastic button containing the Moon dust mounted with the recipient's country or state flag that had been to the Moon and back. All 135 countries received the display, as did the 50 states of the United States and the U.S. provinces and the United Nations.
The plaques were given as gifts by Nixon in 1970.

### Apollo 17

The sample Moon rock collected during the Apollo 17 mission was later named lunar basalt 70017, and dubbed the Goodwill rock. Pieces of the rock weighing about 1.14 grams were placed inside a piece of acrylic lucite, and mounted along with a flag from the country that had flown on Apollo 17 it would be distributed to.
In 1973 Nixon had the plaques sent to 135 countries, and to the United States with its territories, as a goodwill gesture.

## History

The Nicaragua Apollo 11 lunar plaque display was reported stolen, but was returned to Nicaragua in 2012.
# Gramm–Latta Budget

The Gramm-Latta Budget (aka Gramm–Latta Bill) 1981 and the Gramm–Latta Omnibus Reconciliation Bill of 1981, sponsored by Representatives Phil Gramm (a Democrat, later Republican, from Texas) and Delbert Latta (a Republican from Ohio), implemented President Ronald Reagan's economic program. This included an increase in military spending and major cuts in discretionary and entitlement spending. The law also mandated the controversial 1981 Kemp–Roth Tax Cut.
In a 2001 press conference to announce his retirement, Gramm had this to say about the bill:
   I wrote the first Reagan budget – the Gramm–Latta budget that rebuilt national defense and that laid the foundation for a program of peace through strength; the Reagan program that tore down the Berlin Wall, that liberated Eastern Europe, that transformed the Soviet Union and that changed the world.
# Pondicherry University School of Management

Pondicherry University School of Management (SOM PU) is the management school of the Pondicherry University in Puducherry, India. It was established in 1984. SOM PU offers bachelors, masters, and doctoral programs.

## History

The School of Management started in 1985 and offers MBAs in teaching, management research, organisational management, government officers training, industrial consulting and management extension.

## Accreditation

The Management School is accredited by University Grants Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).

## Location

Pondicherry University is located in a 780 acres (320 ha) campus, facing the Bay of Bengal on the East Coast Road. It is located 168 kilometres (104 mi) from Chennai and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Bangalore.

## Academics

The School of Management (SOM) is the first academic entity of the university established as a stand-alone school in 1986. In 2005, SOM was reorganized into six departments: Department of Management Studies, Department of Commerce, Department of Economics, Department of Tourism Studies, Department of Banking Technology and Department of International Business.
1. The Department of Management Studies offers M.B.A. & Ph.D. programmes.
2. The Department of Commerce offers M.Com. (Business Finance), M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes.
3. The Department of Economics offers M.A. ( Applied Economics), M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes.
4. The Department of Tourism Studies offers a M.B.A. programme specializing in Tourism.
5. The Department of Banking Technology offers a specialized M.B.A. and Ph.D. programme in Banking Technology.
6. The Department of International Business offers M.B.A. with specialization in International Business and Ph.D. programme.

## Annual events

Synapse: an industry interface event where CEOs, entrepreneurs, leaders and corporate people are invited to speak on different management related topics.
Globizz: a two-day industry-institute interface panel discussion on various streams of international business.
Akansha: organised by the Department of Tourism Studies, School of Management. The event includes programmes like 'Interface with experts', 'Panel Discussions', 'Special Lectures', 'Ethnic Museum', 'Art and Photography Exhibition' etc.

## Faculty

A variety of teaching and learning techniques are employed to impart knowledge and skills to students at School of Management Studies in its various departments.

## Notable alumni

Ashwin Mahesh - Politician, Social Technologist, Former Astronomer, Former NASA scientist and a leader of Lok Satta Party
Saundarya Rajesh - social entrepreneur and Founder-President of Avtar
Baskar Babu Ramachandran - Co-Founder&CEO - Suryoday Small Finance Bank Limited
# Zac Young

Zac Young (born 1982) is an American pastry chef and TV personality. He has been featured on various baking shows on Food Network and the Cooking Channel, most notably on Top Chef: Just Desserts and Unique Sweets. He also appeared as a guest judge on baking competition show Nailed It! on Netflix, Food Network's Halloween Baking Championship, and Food Network's Chopped.

## Early life

Zac Young was born in Portland, Maine in 1982 to Jonathan and Susan Lebel Young. Growing up, he wanted to learn how to bake after his vegan mother never baked cookies for him. After participating in community children's theatre shows from third through eighth grade, Young was admitted to Walnut Hill School for the Arts in Natick, Massachusetts. Young momentarily worked as a costume designer before deciding that baking was his true passion. He then moved to New York City in 2003 to enroll at the Institute of Culinary Education and graduated in 2006.

## Career

Following graduation from the Institute of Culinary Education, Young first worked under Sebastien Rouxel and Richard Capizzi at Bouchon Bakery, then accepted a pastry chef position at Butter. Young trained in France with Philippe Givre at Valrhona and Philippe Parc at Michel Cluizel. In 2009, Young became executive pastry chef at Flex Mussels on the Upper East Side, where he ran a seasonal pop-up donut shop in Grand Central Station.
Young joined David Burke Group, later renamed Craveable Hospitality Group, in 2012 as an executive pastry chef. In 2015, Young and David Burke Fabrick's pastry chef, Gian Martinez, originated the PieCaken dessert. PieCaken, originally intended to be sold by the slice in restaurants, is a layered dish of pecan pie, pumpkin pie, and spice cake held together with cinnamon buttercream and topped with apple pie filling. (The Wall Street Journal described the piecaken as "a fusion of a pumpkin pie, a pecan pie and an apple upside-down cake".)

## Personal life

Young is openly gay.

## Filmography

Television performances :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Top Chef: Just Desserts | Self | Contestant |
| 2011-2017 | Unique Sweets | Self | |
| 2016-2023 | Beat Bobby Flay | Self | |
| 2017-2018 | Bakers vs. Fakers | Self | Judge |
| 2017-2019 | Chopped | Self | Judge |
| 2017-2023 | Halloween Baking Championship | Self | Judge |
# Marv Schatzman

Marvin Joseph Schatzman (February 18, 1927 – September 19, 2006) was an American professional basketball player. Schatzman was selected in the 1949 BAA draft by the St. Louis Bombers after a collegiate career at Saint Louis. He also played one season in the Eastern Professional Basketball League for the Lancaster Rockets.

## NBA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| 1949–50 | Baltimore | 34 | .247 | .580 | 1.1 | 3.4 |
| Career | Career | 34 | .247 | .580 | 1.1 | 3.4 |
# Marko Kump

Marko Kump (born 9 September 1988) is a Slovenian former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2007 and 2020 for the Geox–TMC, Tinkoff–Saxo, UAE Team Emirates and CCC–Sprandi–Polkowice teams, as well as four separate spells with the Adria Mobil team. He now works a directeur sportif for the Adria Mobil team, a UCI Continental team.

## Career

In 2011, he signed a one-year contract with Adria Mobil for the 2012 season. Kump left Adria Mobil at the end of 2012, and joined Saxo–Tinkoff for the 2013 campaign. He returned to Adria Mobil for the 2015 season.

## Major results
### 2005

    2nd Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2006

    6th Road race, UCI Junior World Championships

### 2007

    1st Poreč Trophy

### 2008

    3rd Poreč Trophy

### 2009

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Slovenia
    1st Stage 3 Tour de l'Avenir
    2nd Road race, Mediterranean Games
    2nd Prague–Karlovy Vary–Prague
    4th Overall Coupe des nations Ville Saguenay
       1st Stage 1
    4th Trofeo Zsšdi
    5th Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
    6th Road race, UCI Under-23 Road World Championships
    6th GP Kranj
    6th ZLM Tour
    9th Overall Istrian Spring Trophy
       1st Stage 1

### 2010

    1st Trofeo Zsšdi
    1st Ronde van Vlaanderen Beloften
    1st Stage 4 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
    2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    3rd Zagreb–Ljubljana
    9th Giro del Friuli

### 2012

    1st Banja Luka–Beograd I
    1st Grand Prix Südkärnten
    1st Central European Tour Budapest GP
    1st Ljubljana–Zagreb
    1st Stage 1 Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    2nd Banja Luka–Beograd II
    2nd Trofeo Matteotti
    3rd Overall Istrian Spring Trophy
       1st Stage 1
    4th Trofeo Zsšdi
    5th Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
    6th ProRace Berlin
    8th Giro di Toscana

### 2013

    9th Overall World Ports Classic

### 2015

    1st Overall Tour of Małopolska
       1st Stages 1 & 2
    1st Trofej Umag
    1st Poreč Trophy
    1st GP Adria Mobil
    1st Banja Luka–Beograd I
    1st Croatia–Slovenia
    1st Velothon Stockholm
    Tour of Qinghai Lake
       1st Points classification
       1st Stages 1, 2, 6, 9 & 12
    Tour d'Azerbaïdjan
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 1
    1st Stage 2 Tour of Croatia
    1st Stage 3 Istrian Spring Trophy
    1st Stage 4 Tour of Slovenia
    4th GP Laguna
    4th GP Izola
    7th Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
    9th Banja Luka–Beograd II

### 2016

    Tour of Qinghai Lake
       1st Stages 9 & 10

### 2017

    2nd GP Izola
    2nd Brussels Cycling Classic
    8th EuroEyes Cyclassics

### 2018

    6th Clásica de Almería

### 2019

    1st GP Slovenian Istria
    1st GP Adria Mobil
    1st GP Kranj
    1st Croatia–Slovenia
    Tour of Bihor
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 1
    1st Stage 4 Belgrade–Banja Luka
    1st Stage 1 CRO Race
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    5th Trofej Umag

### 2020

    2nd Trofej Umag
    4th GP Kranj
# Gunilla Asker

Gunilla Asker is SvP Marketing for ICA Sweden. In 2013, she was named one of the 125 most powerful businesswomen in Sweden.

## Education

Born Gunilla Astrid Henriette Asker in Sweden, she was an exchange student at the Norco High School, Norco, California, USA, in 1980. In 1982, she graduated from Djursholms samskola where she majored in social science. She went on to study at the Uppsala University where she got an MSc in international business administration and economics. Asker also studied French at the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour in France and attended the Ruter Dam ("Queen of Diamonds") program for women in executive positions, as well as taking courses about strategic development of the Internet, Disruption theory and Authentic Leadership at the Harvard Business School.

## Career

During most of her professional life, Asker has worked in the fields of strategy, sales and marketing. She has been director at Unilever, SJ AB and Research International/Sifo. In 2005–09, she was Marketing and Sales Director for Svenska Dagbladet, and in 2009 she was appointed CEO for the newspaper. Asker has been in charge of taking the Svenska Dagbladet from a solely printed paper to a multimedia company that serves several digital channels as well as the printed paper. In September 2018 she was appointed SVP Marketing at ICA Sweden. In 2013, she was named one of the 125 most powerful businesswomen in Sweden by business journal Veckans Affärer.

## Other board appointments

Asker is member of the board at Knowit AB Sweden, AB Göta Kanalbolag, Tinius Thrust and Blommenholm Industrier AS Norway Sweden
# Nicaragua earthquake

Nicaragua earthquake may refer to:
* 1931 Nicaragua earthquake
* 1972 Nicaragua earthquake
* 1992 Nicaragua earthquake
# Gramont, Tarn-et-Garonne

Gramont (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Fred Stenson

Fred Stenson may refer to:
* Fred Stenson (politician), former Canadian MP for Peterborough
* Fred Stenson (writer), writer of historical fiction from Alberta