OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gliese 180

Gliese 180 (often shortened to GJ 180), is a small red dwarf star in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 10.9. The star is located at a distance of 39 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −14.6 km/s. It has a high proper motion, traversing the sky at the rate of 0.765 arcseconds per year.
The stellar classification of GJ 180 is catalogued as M2V or M3V, depending on the study, which indicates this is a dim red dwarf – an M-type main-sequence star that is generating energy by core hydrogen fusion. Reiners and associates (2012) do not consider it to be an active star. It is about five billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of ~3 km/s, giving it a rotation period of about 65 days. The star has 43% of the Sun's mass and 42% of the radius of the Sun. It is radiating just 2.4% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,634 K.

## Planetary system

Gliese 180 is known to have at least two exoplanets, designated Gliese 180 b and Gliese 180 d, and possibly a third, Gliese 180 c; all are super-Earths or mini-Neptunes. Planets 'b' and 'c' were initially reported in 2014, and a follow-up study in 2020 confirmed planet 'b' and found a new planet 'd', but did not find the previously claimed planet 'c'. According to the 2014 study, planets 'b' and 'c' have an orbital period ratio of 7:5, which suggests a mean motion resonance that is stabilizing the orbits. The habitable zone of this star, by the criteria of Kopparapu and associates (2013), ranges from 0.12 AU out to 0.24 AU, which thus includes planet 'c'.
According to the Planetary Habitability Laboratory (PHL) in Puerto Rico, both b and c worlds in the system may be classifiable as potentially habitable planets. Planets Gliese 180 b and Gliese 180 c have minimum masses of 6.4 and 8.3 Earth masses, respectively. However, Dr Mikko Tuomi, of the UK's University of Hertfordshire, whose team identified the planets, disagreed, stating:
       "The PHL adds some sort of an “extended HZ”, which I, frankly, do not know how it’s calculated, but that adds some areas of potential habitability to the inner and outer edges of the HZ as we have defined it. They included the inner companion of the GJ 180 system (planet b) that we consider too hot to be potentially habitable.”
However, as of 2022, the PHL lists only planets c and d, not b, as potentially habitable.
The Gliese 180 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥6.49±0.68 M$_🜨$ | 0.092±0.003 | 17.133±0.003 | 0.07±0.04 | — | — |
| с (unconfirmed) | ≥6.4+3.7 −4.1 M$_🜨$ | 0.129+0.007 −0.017 | 24.329+0.052 −0.066 | 0.09+0.20 −0.09 | — | — |
| d | ≥7.56±1.07 M$_🜨$ | 0.309±0.010 | 106.300±0.129 | 0.14±0.04 | — | — |
# Paper folding (disambiguation)

Paper folding most frequently refers to origami, the art developed in Japan.
Paper folding may also refer to:
* Chinese paper folding, the art developed in China
* Paper model, the craft of making models using cut, folded or glued card
* Paper toys, for example paper planes
* Mathematics of paper folding
** Geometric Exercises in Paper Folding, 1893 book on the subject by Indian mathematician T. Sundara Row
* Pop-up book, also known as paper engineering
* Regular paperfolding sequence for example the Dragon curve
* Book folding, how paper is folded industrially
* Hotel toilet paper folding, common practice performed by hotels
# Iona II

The Iona II was a nineteenth-century American paddle steamer that sank off the English island of Lundy in 1864. The site was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 6 December 1989. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.

## History

Iona II was built in 1863 at Govan by James and George Thompson and was capable of 24 knots, having been fitted with a 2-cylinder oscillating engine fitted with tubular boilers and superheaters. She was built to work on the River Clyde between Glasgow and Ardrishaig and was fitted with luxury accommodation for passengers, including a 75 ft dining room and 180 ft saloon.
Within a year of service, Iona II was purchased by Charles Hopkins Boster of Virginia to be a Confederate blockade runner. She was travelling to Kingston from the Clyde when she took on water and foundered off Lundy Island, North Devon.

## The wreck

Iona II lies upright on the seabed. The forward and aft boilers, sections of a funnel, and the engine are all intact, as well as the hull up to the turn of the bilge. She is missing the majority of her funnels, the deckhouses, and the masts.

## Discovery and investigation

Salvage of the wreck was attempted shortly after the wrecking of the ship. The site was rediscovered during the search for the sunken MV Robert in 1976.
The site was assessed for designation by the Archaeological Diving Unit in 1989, and in 1990 Potters Bar Sub Aqua Club performed a photographic survey. The site was frequently surveyed between 1991 and 2012.
In 2002 Malvern Archaeological Diving Unit surveyed the site, and the Archaeological Diving Unit undertook a side-scan sonar survey.
# Jamestown, Newfoundland and Labrador

Jamestown is a village located northeast of Clarenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
# Magura Dam

Magura Dam is an earthfill dam located in Akita Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 2.1 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 4 ha of land when full and can store 360 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1928 and completed in 1931.
# Giorgio Lalle

Giorgio Lalle (born 4 March 1957) is a retired breaststroke swimmer from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He claimed the gold medal a year earlier at the 1975 Mediterranean Games in the men's 100 m breaststroke event.
# Type Es 3750 bucket chain excavator

The Type Es 3750 or simply the Es 3750 is a series of bucket chain excavators built by TAKRAF and used in Germany. According to TAKRAF, they boast that the Type Es 3750 is the largest bucket chain excavators in the world. Type Es 3750s are notable for being always used in conjunction with the Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60, another absurdly large land vehicle.

## Specifications

The Type Es 3750 are incredibly immense digging vessels, the largest of its kind according to TAKRAF. Each Type Es 3750 has the total length of 137 m (449 ft), a height of 40.5 m (133 ft) and a weight of 5,118 t (11,300,000 lb). The cutting height of the BCE's chain boom is 34 m (112 ft) to 35.5 m (116 ft), whilst its cutting depth is 31 m (102 ft) to 31.2 m (102 ft). In total, the chain boom is capable of excavating a maximum capacity of 14,500 m$^3$/h. The buckets itself is reinforced by 5 to 10 mm steel plates to prevent deformation and wear-and-tear.
A unique design choice for the Type Es 3750 is the presence of two excavator's control cockpit, each spraying outwards on the left and right side of the machine. Given that it predominantly moves side-to-side with the F60, this is to be expected. Likewise, it also possess a small complement of men of around 2–5. Another unique feature is that the Type Es 3750 runs on rails. Since it is largely grouped closely with the F60, the Type Es 3750 share the same gauge as the F60 - 56 in (1,435 mm). Likewise, the vehicles share their power source with the F60 and the nearby external coal power plant and therefore, moves the same speed as the F60.

## Operations

The Type Es 3750 was built in almost exactly the same time as the F60s during 1978 in East Germany. Each F60 were to be expected to be accompanied by two Type Es 3750 to assist the machine in transferring overburden and lignite coal. One Type Es 3750 is purposed to excavate the topside whilst another is used to excavate the depths. Excavated materials would be transported on side conveyors towards the F60 for the materials to be properly redistributed. As there were originally five F60s, a total of 10 Type Es 3750 BCEs were built, but with the retirement of one of the F60s in Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf, only 8 remain in service.
# Kopeyka

Kopeyka may refer to:
* Kopeyka (supermarket)
* Kopeyka (копейка) or Kopek, 1/100 of a Ruble in Russian currency
* Kopeyka or VAZ-2101, an automobile manufactured from 1970 to 1984, ab bat of some sort
# Gliese 221

Gliese 221 (GJ 221), also known as BD-06 1339, is a star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.70 and an absolute magnitude of 8.15. Using parallax measurements, the distance to this system can be estimated as 66.2 light-years. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of +23 km/s. This is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.333″·yr$^{−1}$.
This is a late K-type or early M-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K7V/M0V. It has 72% of the mass and 61% of the radius of the Sun. The star is roughly 4.4 billion years old and is depleted in heavy elements, containing just 46% of solar abundance of iron. It is an active star and the level of chromospheric activity has been found to vary significantly over time. The star is radiating 10% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,324 K.

## Planetary system

From 2003 to 2012, the star was under observance from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS). It is becoming less active and this reduced activity allowed for lower-mass planetary measurements to be made.
A super-Venus planet, and an eccentric Neptune / Saturn in the habitable zone, were deduced by radial velocity in January 2013. They were confirmed in May 2013. In January 2014, a candidate planet d was proposed.
The planet Gliese 221b (BD-06 1339 b) is not transiting the disk of the parent star, and its existence was disputed in 2022.
The Gliese 221 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b (disputed) | >8.5806 ± 1.2712 M$_🜨$ | 0.0428 ± 0.0007 | 3.8728 ± 0.0004 | — | — | — |
| c | >54.026 ± 9.534 M$_🜨$ | 0.435 ± 0.007 | 125.94 ± 0.44 | 0.31 ± 0.11 | — | — |
| d (unconfirmed) | 22.246 M$_🜨$ | 1.0947 | 500 | — | — | — |
# Paradise of Wisdom

The Firdaws al-ḥikma (فردوس الحكمة), known in English as the Paradise of Wisdom, is a medical encyclopedia written by Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari and completed around 850. It is one of the earliest Islamic medical encyclopedias, if not the earliest.

## Contents

In total, the Firdaws al-ḥikma has 360 abwāb or chapters. The encyclopedia also has seven anwāʿ or parts covering a range of topics such as Aristotelianism; embryology; anatomy; dreams; psychology; nutrition; toxicology; cosmology; astronomy; and Indian medicine.
al-Tabari offers a remedy for each disease he describes; for instance, he suggests, quoting Galen, that colic may be cured with wolf feces. Apart from Galen, al-Tabari extensively quotes other Greek authorities including Alexander of Aphrodisias; Archigenes; Aristotle; Democritus; Dioscorides; Hippocrates; Pythagoras; and Theophrastus. He also quotes several of his Arabic contemporaries.
Additionally, the Firdaws is replete with al-Tabari's personal accounts of "peculiar phenomena" like a monkey-like man who "coveted the coitus just like monkeys do", a fire bolt that destroyed a Zoroastrian temple, and a stone "that provokes abortion".

## Publication history

Completed by Tabaristan-based physician Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari around 850 and dedicated to Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil, the work is believed to be the "first all-inclusive medical compendium" and one of the earliest Islamic medical encyclopedias, if not the earliest. According to University of Birmingham professor David Thomas, it became "a foundation text for medical practitioners in the Islamic world."
British Iranologist Edward G. Browne died in 1923, while editing and translating the encyclopedia; the project was subsequently completed and published by Browne's protege Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi in 1928.
# Iowa's 39th Senate district

The 39th District of the Iowa Senate is located in eastern Iowa, and is currently composed of part of Linn County.

## Current elected officials

Kevin Kinney is the senator currently representing the 39th District.
The area of the 39th District contains two Iowa House of Representatives districts:
* The 77th District (represented by Amy Nielsen)
* The 78th District (represented by Jarad Klein)
The district is also located in Iowa's 2nd congressional district, which is represented by Mariannette Miller-Meeks.

## Past senators

The district has previously been represented by:
* William Palmer, 1983–1992
* James Riordan, 1993–1994
* Jo Ann Douglas, 1995–1998
* Jo Ann Johnson, 1999–2002
* David Lord, 2002
* Joe Bolkcom, 2003–2012
* Sandy Greiner, 2013–2014
* Kevin Kinney, 2015–present
# Mark Muyobo

Mark Muyobo, (born c. 1973), is a Ugandan accountant, businessman and incumbent Chief Executive Officer at NCBA Bank Uganda. He took up his current assignment in December 2021. He replaced Anthony Ndegwa, a Kenyan national, who left the bank.
Prior to his current assignment, he was an executive director at NCBA Bank Uganda, the result of a merger between NC Bank Uganda and Commercial Bank of Africa (Uganda), which received regulatory approval from the Bank of Uganda in June 2020.

## Background and education

Muyobo was born in Uganda c. 1973. After attending local primary and secondary schools, he was admitted to Ndejje University, graduating with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, majoring in Accounting.
He went on to obtain a Master of Business Administration degree, awarded by the Heriot-Watt University, in Edinburgh, Scotland. In addition, he obtained an Advanced Diploma in Credit Skills Development, Corporate, Finance, and Securities Law, awarded by the ifs School of Finance (today The London Institute of Banking & Finance). He is also a Fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants of the United Kingdom.

## Career

Muyobo's banking career goes bank over 20 years. He started out at DFCU Bank, as a relationship manager, in 2002, serving there for five years. He then joined Barclays Bank and was seconded to Absa Capital, in Johannesburg. After 6 months in South Africa, he returned to Uganda and was appointed "Head of Multinationals & Large Corporates", at Barclays Bank Uganda (today Absa Bank Uganda Limited). Over a period of ten years, Muyobo served in various high level management positions, including as Head of Asset Finance, Head of Business Banking and as Vice President, Global Corporates.
In October 2018, he was appointed as executive director of NCBA Bank, Uganda. In December 2021, he was appointed Acing CEO and managing director, at the same bank.
# William Hartigan (British physician)

William Hartigan (about 1852, Limerick, Ireland – 11 September 1936, Oatlands, Weybridge, England) was a physician for the Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation, co-founder of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese and a brother-in-law of Sir Thomas Jackson.

## Life

Hartigan was born in Limerick in Ireland and educated at the Catholic University School and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He went to Hong Kong where he was a physician to the Alice Memorial Hospital.
Hartigan with Dr Patrick Manson and Dr Gregory Paul Jordan formed the Hong Kong Medical Society in September 1886. The Society established the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese in 1887 which later transformed into the University of Hong Kong. Hartigan was also a professor at the school. Dr Sun Yat-sen, graduate of the school, mentioned him as one of his significant teachers.

## Family

Hartigan married Florence Gertrude Dare, whose older sister had married Thomas Jackson, the chief manager of the HSBC.
# Magura GmbH

Gustav Magenwirth GmbH & Co. KG, known as Magura, is a German company based in Bad Urach established in 1893 that produces and distributes engineered cycling products and service including cycle suspensions and brakes, sunglasses, helmets, packs, bags, and clothing.
# Geoffrey Peter Thomas Paget King

Geoffrey Peter Thomas Paget King (1917–1991) was Archbishop of the Old Roman Catholic Church in Great Britain. He was raised an Anglican but joined the church in 1943. He was ordained a deacon and priest in May 1947 by Archbishop Bernard Mary Williams. On 5 June 1960 he was consecrated by Archbishop Gerard Shelley assisted by Bishop Willibrord (Hans Heuer). He continued in this role and issued new Constitutions in February 1962. Archbishops Shelley and Marchenna did not ascent to the Constitutions. This, combined with Shelley's being resident in Rome caused a breach between the two. Archbishop King continued and became Archbishop of the Church. On Easter, 1965 Archbishop King combined his jurisdiction with that of Archbishop Wilfrid Barrington-Evans and King remained as Archbishop. He continued in this role until his death in 1991.
# Girolamo Centelles

Girolamo Centelles was a Roman Catholic prelate who was Archbishop of Reggio Calabria (1529–1535).

## Biography

On 16 July 1529, during the papacy of Pope Clement VII, Girolamo Centelles was appointed Archbishop of Reggio Calabria. On 17 August 1529, he was consecrated bishop by Gabriele Mascioli Foschi, Archbishop of Durrës. He was Archbishop of Reggio Calabria until his resignation in 1535.
# Tweralpspitz

The Tweralpspitz is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps, located near Wattwil in the canton of St. Gallen. It is the highest point of the chain situated north of Ricken Pass.
# Delaware's 20th Senate district

Delaware's 20th Senate district is one of 21 districts in the Delaware Senate. It has been represented by Republican Gerald Hocker, the current Senate Minority Leader, since 2012.

## Geography

District 20 is based in southeastern Sussex County along the Atlantic Ocean, including the communities of Millsboro, Selbyville, Ocean View, Bethany Beach, Dagsboro, Frankford, Fenwick Island, Millville, South Bethany, Roxana, and Oak Orchard. It borders the state of Maryland.
Like all districts in the state, the 20th Senate district is located entirely within Delaware's at-large congressional district. It overlaps with the 37th, 38th, and 41st districts of the Delaware House of Representatives.

## Recent election results

Delaware Senators are elected to staggered four-year terms. Under normal circumstances, the 20th district holds elections in presidential years, except immediately after redistricting, when all seats are up for election regardless of usual cycle.

### 2020

2020 Delaware Senate election, District 20 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Gerald Hocker (incumbent) | 24,001 | 100 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 24,001 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

2016 Delaware Senate election, District 20 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Gerald Hocker (incumbent) | 17,908 | 72.4 |
| | Democratic | Perry Mitchell | 6,831 | 27.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 24,739 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2012

2012 Delaware Senate election, District 20 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Gerald Hocker | 14,290 | 68.0 |
| | Democratic | Richard Eakle | 6,736 | 32.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,026 | 100 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2020 | President | Trump 57.8 – 41.2% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 62.2 – 34.6% |
| 2014 | Senate | Wade 58.0 – 40.6% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 58.4 – 40.5% |
| 2012 | Senate | Carper 50.8 – 42.9% |
| 2012 | Governor | Markell 55.7 – 42.2% |
# Gleydson

Gleydson is a given name. It may refer to:
* Gleydson Carvalho (1982–2015), Brazilian radio show host
* Gleydson (footballer) (born 1989), Gleydson de Oliveira Santos, Brazilian footballer
# Paradise tanager

The paradise tanager (Tangara chilensis) is a brilliantly multicolored, medium-sized songbird whose length varies between 13.5 and 15 cm (5.3 to 6"). It has a light green head, sky blue underparts and black upper body plumage. Depending on subspecies, the behind is yellow and red or all red. The beak is black and the legs are grey. It is native to the Amazon rainforest.
Found in humid tropical and subtropical forests in the western and northern Amazon Basin in South America, the species can be found in Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. Despite its scientific name, it is not found in Chile.
# Majhauli

Majhauli is a Town and a Nagar Panchayat in Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh. Its also a Tehsil Headquarter.

## Geography

Majhauli is located on 24°07′N 81°38′E﻿ / ﻿24.11°N 81.63°E﻿ / 24.11; 81.63. It has an average elevation of 483 metres (1584 feet).

## Demographics

Majhauli Town has a population of 11,892 of which 6,121 are males while 5,771 are females as Census India 2011.

## Places of interest

* Parsili Resort, Parsili is situated on the banks of the Banas river in the Majhauli.
* Sanjay Dubri National Park
# Hochheideturm

Hochheideturm is a 59-metre-high (194 ft) observation tower, with a completely glassed prospect platform on 831 metres high, located in Ettelsberg, Germany, near Willingen. The northwest side of the tower is the highest artificial climbing wall of Europe (height: 41 metres).

## Construction

Hochheideturm was designed by Karl Suck in Korbach and is constructed of reinforced concrete construction with octagonal cross section.
Erection of Hochheideturm, which belongs to Ettelsberg aerial ropeway GmbH & CO. kg, cost 2 million euro and started in November 2001, after construction permit was given on 16 October 2001. On 31 January 2002 its foundation was finished and on 15 April 2002 the above ground construction work. Over the prospect platform there is an engineering floor, in which transmitters for police radio services are installed.
Celebration for the tower was on 16 August 2002, with final the above ground construction work occurring on 27 September 2002. One day later it was already open for the public. The official inauguration took place on 18 October 2002.
# William H. Bell

William H. Bell may refer to:
* William Bell (photographer) (1830–1910), English-born American photographer
* William H. Bell (Wisconsin politician) (1863–1937), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
* William Henry Bell (1873–1946), English composer
* William Henry Bell (businessman), businessman and politician in Hong Kong
* William Henry Dillon Bell (1884–1917), New Zealand politician
* William H. Bell (servant), African-American servant of William Seward
# Genêts

Genêts (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Manche, in northwestern France. It was the port of the oppidum Ingena (now Avranches), the main settlement of the Abrincatui.
The Manoir de Brion, an ancient Benedictine priory of the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel is located nearby. The tidal island of Tombelaine, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) offshore, is in the commune.

## Administration
### Mayors

List of mayors :
| Period | Mayor |
| 1791–1803 | Pierre-Guillaume Bienvenu |
| 1803–1808 | Auguste Duchemin |
| 1808–1810 | Louis Chesnay |
| 1810–1848 | Pierre Estorre |
| 1848–1859 | Emile Dupont |
| 1859–1868 | Constantin Le Clerc |
| 1868–1884 | Paul Piton |
| 1884–1913 | Paul Lenepveu De Dungy |
| 1913–1929 | Victor Morin |
| 1929–1935 | Alfred Duchemin |
| 1935–1959 | Maurice Lesrel |
| 1959-1959 | Martial Vinour |
| 1959–1963 | Jean Simon |
| 1963–1972 | René Chesnay |
| 1972–1977 | Michel Lemeteyer |
| 1977–1979 | André Michel |
| 1979–1983 | Emmanuel Leveilley |
| 1983–1989 | Henri Tropee |
| 1989–1995 | Marie-Claire Daniel |
| 1995–2014 | Jacques Hec |
| 2014–2026 | Catherine Brunaud-Rhyn |
| Source : Mayor's Office. ||