OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# No. 30 Squadron RNZAF

No. 30 Squadron RNZAF was a New Zealand light bomber squadron which saw service against the Japanese in the Pacific Theatre during the last two years of the Second World War.

## History

No.30 Squadron formed on 28 May 1943, being stood up at RNZAF Station Gisborne as an amalgamation of airmen from No. 7 Squadron RNZAF and No. 8 Squadron RNZAF, which had been disbanded following the withdrawal of the Vickers Vildebeest aircraft from service. Flight lieutenant Fred Adams temporarily held command of the Squadron until the following month when Squadron leader Richard Hartshorn took command of the unit. For the first few months the squadron operated North American T-6 Texans and Vickers Vincent aircraft inherited from No.8 Squadron, although would later equip with Grumman TBF Avenger Torpedo bombers.
In 1944 the Squadron, equipped with Avengers, deployed to Luganville Airfield on Espiritu Santo island in the Pacific for operational training with US Navy and USMC units. At this point in the war the need for dedicated torpedo bombers had died down and the 30 Squadron aircrews mainly focused on other forms of Anti-ship warfare including Dive bombing.
By March 1944 the Squadron had deployed further up North to Bougainville, Papua New Guinea in order to take part in operations against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. 30 Squadron ground crews arrived at their base on Bougainville, Empress Augusta Bay by 15 March and spent the first week unloading their equipment and improving the base. The Avenger aircraft arrived at the base shortly after, at the base they were also joined by No. 25 Squadron RNZAF flying SBD Dauntless dive bombers.
Shortly after the Squadron started flying operational sorties against Japanese forces from the Island. On 26 March 30 Squadron Avenger's took part in the attack on the Japanese owned Kavieng Airport, New Ireland, alongside American forces.
Until May 1944 the Squadron flew 573 combat sorties against the Japanese forces, losing three aircrews over the course of their deployment. The Squadron was relieved by Avengers and crew from No. 31 Squadron RNZAF and returned to New Zealand before disbanding in July 1944.

## Surviving Aircraft

A 30 Squadron Grumman Avenger is preserved by the Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society.
# Professional Lighting and Sound Association

The Professional Lighting and Sound Association (PLASA) is a trade association headquartered in Eastbourne, United Kingdom. Its membership is made up of companies involved with the events and entertainments technology sector.

## History

PLASA was originally known as the British Association of Discothèque Equipment Manufacturers (BADEM), a name used between 1976 and 1983.
In 2010 PLASA merged with the Entertainment Services and Technology Association. and demerged in 2015. John Simpson, the PLASA Governing Body Chair at the time, said "This has been a difficult period for PLASA but it is also an opportunity for us to refocus. PLASA has a chance to reassess its role in this industry, its relationships and communications with its members, and the future directions of its commercial activities." Also during this time PLASA Show was relocated to Earls Court and CEO Matthew Griffiths left his post.
Peter Heath took the role of CEO in April of 2016. In the same year PLASA Show move back to the West London venue London Olympia. Since then, PLASA Show has steadily regained popularity with the 2018 edition of the show being the “busiest and most vibrant show in recent history”.

## Activities

PLASA's activities include lobbying, organising trade show events (including the PLASA Show), publishing both technical and industry news products (such as Lighting & Sound International and Lighting & Sound America), developing industry standards and developing industry certification schemes.
PLASA performed lobbying of Ofcom and other British Government entities in the late 2000s when users of radio microphones and similar devices complained that their equipment would be rendered unusable as a result of proposed plans to auction the radio spectrum utilised by many of such devices as part of the digital television switchover.
After merging with ESTA, PLASA took on the role of maintaining the industry standards for DMX512 and RDM. PLASA have also been responsible for the development of a UK National Rigging Certificate, which launched in 2007 for individuals working in the entertainments rigging industry.
Each year, PLASA hands out PLASA Awards for Innovation and Sustainability Award. The PLASA Awards for Innovation aim to emphasise this focus on true innovation. The procedure ensures that all nominated products are vetted to show that they offer something new to the industry.
PLASA has been a part of the European Ecodesign Coalition which includes prominent industry bodies from across Europe. The purpose of the coalition has been to campaign against Ecodesign lighting regulations and propose exemptions for stage lighting.
In 2018 PLASA collaborated with Hamish Dumbreck of JESE Ltd, Peter Willis of Howard Eaton Lighting and Wayne Howell of Artistic Licence to present Plugfest, a three-day residential event in Gatwick, UK for lighting technicians and developers to test the interoperability of their products. This event returns in 2019 taking place in Lille, France.
# Mezraa

Mezraa may refer to the following places in Turkey:
* Mezraa, Aşkale or Mezrea, a neighbourhood in Erzurum Province
* Mezraa, Beytüşşebap, a village in Şırnak Province
* Mezraa, Doğanyol, a neighbourhood in Malatya Province
* Mezraa, Hınıs, a neighbourhood in Erzurum Province
* Mezraa, Kemah, a village in Erzincan Province
* Mezraa, Pazarcık, a neighbourhood in Kahramanmaraş Province
* Mezraa, Pülümür, a village in Tunceli Province
* Mezraa, Vezirköprü, a neighbourhood in Samsun Province
* Mezraa railway station, near Mezra, Kars Province
# Hovmöller diagram

A Hovmöller diagram is a common way of plotting meteorological data to highlight the behavior of waves, particularly tropical waves. The axes of Hovmöller diagrams depict changes over time of scalar quantities such as temperature, density, and other values of constituents in the atmosphere or ocean, such as depth, height, or pressure. Typically in that case, time is recorded along the abscissa, or x-axis, while 'vertical' values (of depth, height, pressure, etc.) are plotted along the ordinate, or y-axis.
The alternate orientation of axes may also be used, as a Hovmöller diagram may be plotted for longitude or latitude on the abscissa and for (advancing) time on the ordinate; then the contour values of a named physical field may be presented through color or shading.
The Hovmöller diagram was introduced by Ernest Aabo Hovmöller (1912–2008), a Danish meteorologist, in a paper published in 1949.
# Gunda thwaitesii

Gunda thwaitesii is a species of moth in the family Bombycidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1883 and is found in Sri Lanka.
Adult is about 62 mm in length. The female is yellowish brown. The antennae are ochreous. There is a pale streak on the vertex of abdomen. Forewings with outer line less angled. There is a dark apical patch.
# Šćenica Bobani

Šćenica Bobani is a village in the municipality of Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 35.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 34 | 97.1% |
| Croats | 1 | 2.9% |
| Total | 35 | 100% |
# Gabe Davies

Gabriel 'Gabe' Davies is a British big-wave surfer.

## Surf career

Davies is a four-time British surfing champion and big wave surfer from Newcastle, UK. He has appeared in award-winning surfing documentaries such as Joel Conroy's Eye of the Storm in 2002 and in 2009 he co-lead with Richie Fitzgerald in Joel Conroy's first featured documentary, Waveriders. Together they tow surfed the biggest swell ever ridden off the Irish Atlantic Coast for which Davies was nominated for a worldwide XXL big wave award.
Davies has appeared in numerous television and film productions including presenting Channel 4's 'Surf Trip' with Tess Daly and BBC 2's Teenage Video Diaries On the 16 November 2009 he won 'Best Surfer' at The Quiksilver ‘La Vaca Gigante III’ Big Wave Invitational Event In February 2011, he won the Wave of the Day Award at Ireland's inaugural big wave invitational event. He currently resides in the North East of England, and is married to author and screenwriter Lauren Davies
# HMS Havannah

Only one ship of the Royal Navy has borne the name HMS Havannah, after the Cuban city of Havana. However, an unregistered gunboat at Gibraltar also bore the name:
* HMS Havannah (1811) was a 36-gun fifth-rate Apollo-class frigate launched in 1811. She was cut down to a 24-gun sixth rate in 1845, converted to a training ship in 1860, and sold for breaking in 1905.
* Havannah was a gunboat based, and probably locally acquired, at Gibraltar during the Napoleonic Wars. On 25 October 1805 a convoy was transiting the Straits of Gibraltar. Rear-Admiral Purvis sent out all the ships and gunboats available to escort the convoy, Havannah among them. Havannah, under the command of Lieutenant Foote from HMS Queen, sailed to a vessel of the convoy that the Spaniards had captured and that was under tow by her captor. Unfortunately, it turned out the captor was much better armed than Havannah and Foote was forced to surrender after having lost most of his crew to casualties. In all, Havannah had five men killed, two drowned, and 11 wounded, Foote among them.

## Citations

* ↑ The United Service Magazine: With which are Incorporated the Army and Navy Magazine and Naval and Military Journal, (1831), Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 140.
# W. Y. Boyd Literary Award for Excellence in Military Fiction

The W. Y. Boyd Literary Award for Excellence in Military Fiction is awarded annually by the American Library Association for "the best fiction set in a period when the United States was at war." The award intends to recognize "the service of American veterans and military personnel."
The Award was funded by William Young Boyd II (1926-2015), author, and World War II veteran. Boyd was Chairman of the Board of the Boyd Steamship Corporation.
| Author | Book | Year Award Received |
| P. T. Deutermann | Iwo, 26 Charlie | 2024 |
| P. T. Deutermann | The Last Paladin | 2023 |
| Jeff Shaara | The Eagle's Claw | 2022 |
| Mark Treanor | A Quiet Cadence: A Novel | 2021 |
| Ralph Peters | Darkness at Chancellorsville | 2020 |
| Ray McPadden | And The Whole Mountain Burned | 2019 |
| Jeff Shaara | The Frozen Hours: A Novel of the Korean War | 2018 |
| J. M. Graham | Arizona Moon | 2017 |
| Ralph Peters | Valley of the Shadow | 2016 |
| Phil Klay | Redeployment | 2015 |
| Ralph Peters | Hell or Richmond | 2014 |
| Ralph Peters | Cain at Gettysburg | 2013 |
| P. T. Deutermann | Pacific Glory | 2012 |
| Karl Marlantes | Matterhorn | 2011 |
| John Hough, Jr. | Seen the Glory | 2010 |
| Richard Bausch | Peace | 2009 |
| Robert N. Macomber | A Different Kind of Honor | 2008 |
| Robert J. Mrazek | The Deadly Embrace | 2007 |
| Nick Arvin | Articles of War | 2006 |
| Jeff Shaara | To The Last Man: A Novel of The First World War | 2005 |
| James L. Nelson | Glory In The Name: A Novel of the Confederate Navy | 2004 |
| James Brady | Warning of War | 2003 |
| Owen West | Sharkman Six | 2002 |
| Edwin H. Simmons | Dog Company Six | 2001 |
| John Mort | Soldier in Paradise | 2000 |
| Donald McCaig | Jacob’s Ladder: A Story of Virginia During the War | 1999 |
| Howard Bahr | The Black Flower: A Novel of the Civil War | 1998 |
| Jeff Shaara | Gods and Generals | 1997 |
# Protestant Cemetery, São Paulo

The Cemitério dos Protestantes ("Cemetery of the Protestants") is a historic Protestant cemetery located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The cemetery is listed by CONDEPHAAT (Council for the Protection of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Touristic Patrimony [pt]) for its historical, cultural and social importance for the state of São Paulo.

## History
### Background

When the German professor of law Julius Frank died on 19 June 1841, his students decided to bury him within the faculty. The plan was agreed upon and supported by councillor Brotero. However, since Julius Frank was a Protestant, the Roman Catholic bishop Manuel [pt] at first protested this decision, because the envisioned burial place was located at the "sacred ground" of the former Convent of the Franciscan Friars. Councillor Brotero eventually managed to get the bishop's consent.
The incident triggered both Catholic and Protestant foreigners living in São Paulo, to build the Cemitério dos Estrangeiros ("Cemetery of the Foreigners") in the Paulistano neighbourhood of Luz in 1844. The cemetery was closed after only a few burials, because the land near São Caetano Road had to make way for a wider Tiradentes Avenue.

### Protestant Cemetery

In answer to the closure of the Foreigner's Cemetery, Lutherans, Anglicans and some Presbyterians founded the Associação Cemitério dos Protestantes ("Association of the Cemetery of the Protestants") to create a new burial site. In accordance with Carl Rath [pt]'s plans, an administration building and chapel were built. The first burial took place in 1858.

## Notable interments

Among the interments are many people belonging to Protestant and Catholic communities. There also used to be some Jews, but their remains were later moved to the Israelite Cemetery of Butantã [pt].
* Ashbel Green Simonton (1833–1867), Presbyterian minister and missionary
# John Home Home

Lieutenant-General John Home Home was an officer of the British Army.

## Biography

He was the son of John Home, a captain in the Army, who inherited the estate of Bassendean from a cousin, and his wife Mary, née Mackay. Home served as commanding officer of the Grenadier Guards, and acted as lieutenant-governor and commander-in-chief in Nova Scotia. He was also colonel of the 56th Regiment of Foot. He died at his lodgings in Pall Mall, London on 22 April 1860, aged sixty-three. He had no children, and was succeeded by his nephew, John Hutcheson Fergusson (son of James Fergusson and Mary Home), who adopted the name and arms of Home in addition to Fergusson.
# Jean Auclair

Jean Auclair (born 3 May 1946 in Vigeville) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 1989 to 2012. He represented the Creuse's 2nd constituency until its abolition and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
# HMS Havock

Six vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Havock, including:
* HMS Havock (1805) was a 12-gun gun-brig launched in 1805. She became a lightvessel in 1821, a watch vessel in 1834 and was broken up in 1859.
* HMS Havock (1855) was a mortar vessel launched in 1855, and renamed MV5 later that year. She became a customs watch vessel designated WV27, and was broken up in 1874.
* HMS Havock (1856) was an Albacore-class wooden screw gunboat launched in 1856 and sold in 1870.
* HMS Havock (1893) was a Havock-class destroyer launched in 1893, becoming the first design of torpedo boat destroyers in the Navy. She was broken up in 1912.
* HMS Havock was to have been a Laforey-class destroyer, but was renamed HMS Linnet before being launched in 1913.
* HMS Havock (H43) was an H-class destroyer launched in 1936 and wrecked in 1942 off Kelibia.
# Don't Need Much

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Absolute Punk | |
| Alternative Press | |
| Alter the Press | |
| Big Cheese | |
| Punktastic | |
| Rock Sound | |
Don't Need Much is the debut album from English punk rock band Great Cynics. It was released through Household Name Records in June 2011.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Great Cynics

## Personnel
### Great Cynics

* Giles Bidder - Vocals/Guitar
* Bob Barrett - Drums

### Other Musicians

* Peter Miles - Bass
# W. de Wycombe

W. de Wycombe (fl. late 13th century; also Wicumbe, Whichbury and Winchecumbe) was an English composer of the high medieval music. He was precentor of the priory of Leominster in Herefordshire. It is possible that he was the composer of one of the most famous tunes from medieval England, "Sumer is icumen in".

## Life and career

Wycombe is variously identified as W de Wyc, Willelmus de Winchecumbe, Willelmo de Winchecumbe, or William of Winchcombe. He appears to have been a secular scribe and precentor employed for about four years at the priory of Leominster in Herefordshire during the 1270s. He is also thought to have been a sub-deacon of the cathedral priory as listed in the Worcester Annals or possibly a monk at St Andrew's in Worcester.
Wycombe left a number of documents with his signature, including a collectarium, a precentor's workbook, two rotuli (scrolls) containing music, a summary and treatise on music, a history to which Winchecumbe added music and other books. His name also appears in a Reading manuscript including the rota "Sumer is icumen in", and on one of seven sets of four-part compositions in the Wintonia collection. Two of these compositions are partially preserved and parts of others are to be found in the Worcester Fragments. Of these compositions, only Alleluia, Dies sanctificatus is completely restorable. The works have a four-part polyphonic structure. One more fragment is found copied in the Montpellier Codex.
Wycombe's main period of activity was probably the 1270s and 1280s. He is best known as the composer of polyphonic alleluias. Over 40 settings have been identified in several sources, a group of compositions almost equal in size to that of Léonin, the earlier composer of the continental Notre Dame school, but only one of the 40 can be restored completely; the others exist only in fragments. Some of his work appears in the Worcester Fragments, a collection of 59 manuscript leaves representing about a third of the total surviving polyphony from 13th-century England.
Each of Wycombe's alleluias is in four sections. The second and fourth contain the solo response and verse sections, while the first and third contain free polyphony. Stylistically they are similar to the Reading Rota itself ("Sumer is icumen in"), emphasizing tonic and supertonic, and showing the English preference for the harmonic interval of the third.
# Proletaren

Proletaren (meaning The Proletarian in English) was a Norwegian periodical published by the Communist Party.

## History and profile

Proletaren was started in September 1923 during the fraction in-fighting in the Labour Party which resulted in the breakaway of the Communist Party. Its purpose was to deliver ideological articles to party members. The first editor-in-chief was Hans Heggum, with Arvid G. Hansen and Jørgen Vogt as co-editors.
The periodical was never issued fortnightly as was the plan. The periodical stalled around March 1924, but returned in July 1924 with Eugène Olaussen as new editor-in-chief. The next issue came one and a half month later, and Olaussen even had to take Arvid G. Hansen and Haavard Langseth on board as editors in the autumn because of illness. Hansen and Olaussen were pressured to leave in late 1925. The new editorial board consisted of Langseth, Halvor Sørum and Christian Hilt, but Hansen returned as editor-in-chief in September 1926. Heggum and Sverre Krogh were taken on board, before they all were replaced by a new editor Henry W. Kristiansen, who sat from October 1927 to the periodical went defunct in 1929.
The party had two other periodicals around the same time: Klassekampen for the Young Communist League of Norway, and Gnisten for women's affairs.
# John Home, Lord Renton

Sir John Home of Renton, Lord Renton (died 13 July 1671) was appointed Lord Justice Clerk by King Charles II. He was also a Senator of the College of Justice with the title Lord Renton.

## Life

John Home was the son of Sir Alexander Home of Renton and Margaret Cockburn. Alexander Home was Sheriff of Berwickshire from 1616 to 1621.
John Home wrote to his cousin Sir Patrick Home of Polworth that his father had conducted eight witch trials in his jurisdiction.
An Instrument of Sasine dated at Edinburgh 28 August 1671, by Sir Alexander Home of Renton, knight, eldest lawful son to the late Sir John Home of Renton, knight, with the consent of his brother Patrick Home, Sir John's second son, granting to George Home of Kames, the lands of Northfield, with East and Wester Lochs, and the lands of Fewalls in the barony of Coldingham, Berwickshire. Sasine was given on 29 November 1673 and recorded in the General Register on 7 January 1674.

## Criticism

Lord Fountainhall stated that Sir John Home of Renton was advanced to his position by favour of the Duke of Lauderdale, although Lauderdale quarrelled with Renton in 1664, and when it was proposed that Renton be made Lord Chancellor of Scotland the Duke remarked that "Renton had not the fortune able to bear out the rank of a Chancellor". Fountainhall says Renton was "a most premptor man to his inferiors or equalls, but a slavish fearer of any whom he supposed to be great at Court, on whom he most obsequiosly fauned."

## Marriages

Lord Renton married (1) (contract dated 15 February 1622) Janet, daughter of Sir George Home of Manderston. They had at least three sons, of whom:
* Sir Patrick Home of Lumsden, Bt., whose male issue became extinct in the person of his grandson in 1783.
* Charles, who, in an action about his share of his father's estate, was designed third lawful son of the late Sir John Home of Renton.
Lord Renton married (2) Margaret, daughter of John Stewart, Commendator of Coldingham Priory and son of the disgraced Francis Stewart, 1st Earl of Bothwell. They had:
* Sir Alexander Home, 1st Baronet, of Renton.
* Patrick, second son, alive in 1673.
Lord Renton also had two natural children:
* Henry Home of Kames (d. June 1690), Commissary of Lauder. Henry acquired the lands of Kames upon the death of George Home of Kames, his uncle, who died childless. Henry is said to have and left children.
* Isabel, who married Sir John Seton, 1st Baronet, of Garleton.
# Mathurin Janssaud

Marthurin Janssaud (1857 in Manosque, France – 1940) was a French painter.

## Career

Little is known of Janssaud's early life other than he left his home province before the onset of World War I. Like many artists of the day he initially traveled to Paris, yet in time he became more interested in the scenes of Brittany and Concarneau. Here he would enjoy painting vivid ocean scenes and townspeople.

## Description of works

Henri Belbeoch comments; “Janssaud’s portrayal of women in their hitched-up skirts, seeking coolness under the stormy sky, demonstrates a certain realism that distinguishes his work from other pastoral scenes favoured by his bourgeois audience. Janssaud gave his public that which he liked to paint.”
# Jean Audouze

Jean Audouze (French:) is a French astrophysicist. He is a research director at CNRS and teaches at the Paris Institute of Political Science "Sciences Po". From 1993 to 1996 he was president of the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie in La Villette, and in 1998 he was named as director of the Palais de la Découverte, changing places with Michel Demazure who took Audouze's former position at La Villette. Awarded the Kalinga Prize in 2004.
# Guppya

Guppya is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Euconulidae.
The species of this genus are found in America, Africa, Malesia.
Species:
* Guppya angasi E.von Martens, 1892
* Guppya bauri (Dall, 1892)
* Guppya biolleyi E.von Martens, 1892
* Guppya capsula Dall, 1926
* Guppya coneyi
* Guppya fulvoidea (Morelet, 1851)
* Guppya gundlachi (L.Pfeiffer, 1840)
* Guppya hallucinata E.A.Smith, 1898
* Guppya jalisco Pilsbry, 1920
* Guppya livida (Guilding, 1828)
* Guppya miamiensis Pilsbry, 1903
* Guppya micans (Angas, 1879)
* Guppya micra Pilsbry, 1904
* Guppya molengraaffi H.B.Baker, 1924
* Guppya montanicola Dall, 1926
* Guppya perforata Dall, 1926
* Guppya semisculpta Thiele, 1928
* Guppya sericea Ancey, 1901
* Guppya socorroana Dall, 1926
* Guppya spirulata (L.Pfeiffer, 1846)
* Guppya sterkii (Dall, 1888)
# Hacılar, Dursunbey

Hacılar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dursunbey, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 148 (2022).