OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimir Kabanov

Vladimir Yegorovich Kabanov (Russian: Владимир Егорович Кабанов; 22 August 1918 – 17 August 1977) was a Soviet Air Force captain and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabanov was awarded the title for flying 114 attack sorties during World War II. Kabanov continued to serve in the Soviet Air Force until his retirement in 1958. He worked as a goods manager in Krasnodar.

## Early life

Kabanov was born on 22 August 1918 in the village of Bolshaya Zhuravka in the Balashovsky Uyezd of Saratov Governorate. He graduated from seventh grade and then worked at an aluminum plant in Zaporizhia. Kabanov was drafted into the Red Army in 1939. He graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Pilots Aviation School in 1941.

## World War II

Kabanov fought in combat from October 1943. He became an Ilyushin Il-2 pilot in the 7th Guards Attack Aviation Regiment of the 230th Assault Aviation Division. In November 1943, he flew sorties during the Kerch–Eltigen Operation. On 14 November he was wounded in the leg. On 22 January 1944 he flew in a raid on trains on the Vladislavovka-Kolodez section of the railway in the Kerch area. During the mission, three trains were attacked and 21 cars were set on fire, of which one contained ammunition. For his actions Kabanov received thanks from the commander of the 4th Air Army. On 27 January, Kabanov flew in a sortie with three other Il-2s to attack German tanks in the area of Skosiyev-Fontan. During the mission a shell fragment hit the oil cooler of Kabanov's plane but he reportedly did not turn back until the mission was accomplished. On 30 January he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In April and May 1944, Kabanov fought in the Crimean Offensive. On 15 June he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class. After the end of the Crimean Offensive the 230th Division was transferred to fight in Operation Bagration. During the June and July 1944, Kabanov participated in the Mogilev Offensive and the Bialystok Offensive. On 20 July he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In August he fought in the Osovets Offensive. On 20 September he received a second Order of the Red Banner.
In 1945, Kabanov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From February 1945, Kabanov fought in the East Pomeranian Offensive. On 23 February he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin for completing 114 sorties by December 1944. In these sorties, Kabanov reportedly destroyed 19 tanks, 12 artillery batteries, 17 AA positions, 58 vehicles, 2 trains, 3 bridges, 60 carts, 5 warehouses. His sorties also reportedly killed up to 100 German troops. From April, he fought in the Berlin Offensive.

## Postwar

Kabanov graduated from the Krasnodar Higher Air Force Navigator Officers School in 1949. In 1954, he received a second Order of the Red Star. He retired in 1958 and graduated from the Krasnodar Institute of Soviet Trade. He worked as a goods manager at the Krasnodar branch of the Russian Shoe Trade Association. He lived in Krasnodar and died on 17 August 1977. Kabanov was buried in Krasnodar.

## Personal life

Kabanov married Yulia Mikhailovna. He had at least one child.
# Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality

In mathematics, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is a theorem due to Richard Vitale that generalizes the classical Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact subsets of n-dimensional Euclidean space R$^n$ to random compact sets.

## Statement of the inequality

Let X be a random compact set in R$^n$; that is, a Borel–measurable function from some probability space (Ω, Σ, Pr) to the space of non-empty, compact subsets of R$^n$ equipped with the Hausdorff metric. A random vector V : Ω → R$^n$ is called a selection of X if Pr(V ∈ X) = 1. If K is a non-empty, compact subset of R$^n$, let
    $\|K\|=\max \left\{\left.\|v\|_{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\right|v\in K\right\}$
and define the set-valued expectation E[X] of X to be
    $\mathrm {E} [X]=\{\mathrm {E} [V]|V{\mbox{ is a selection of }}X{\mbox{ and }}\mathrm {E} \|V\|<+\infty \}.$
Note that E[X] is a subset of R$^n$. In this notation, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is that, for any random compact set X with $E[\|X\|]<+\infty$,
    $\left(\mathrm {vol} _{n}\left(\mathrm {E} [X]\right)\right)^{1/n}\geq \mathrm {E} \left[\mathrm {vol} _{n}(X)^{1/n}\right],$
where "$vol_{n}$" denotes n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.

## Relationship to the Brunn–Minkowski inequality

If X takes the values (non-empty, compact sets) K and L with probabilities 1 − λ and λ respectively, then Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is simply the original Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact sets.
# Nike-Hawk

Nike Hawk is the designation of an American sounding rocket. It has an apogee of 160 km, a liftoff thrust of 217 kN, a total mass of 1100 kg and a total length of 9.00 m. It is a two-stage rocket made from a Nike and a Hawk anti-aircraft missile motor, and was designed to launch a 90-kg research payload to an altitude of 160 km.
# Nike-Iroquois

Nike Iroquois is the designation of a two-stage American sounding rocket. The Nike Iroquois was launched 213 times between 1964 and 1978. The maximum flight height of the Nike Iroquois amounts to 290 km (950,000 ft), the takeoff thrust 48,800 lbf (217 kN), the takeoff weight 700 kg and the length 8.00 m.
# NikeFuel

NikeFuel is a proprietary unit of measurement for tracking fitness activity developed by the athletics company Nike, Inc. The exact formula for the measuring unit was proprietary and depended on the device or service tracking it. The general idea is that activity and movement — whether tracked by a wearable electronics device, GPS tracking service, or game — is translated into a universal point system for physical activity. However, in 2018, NikeFuel app and the NikeFuel section disappeared.
The points system is one of the main differentiators of the slate of devices and services under the Nike+ brand. All products under the brand allow the user to earn NikeFuel. Products include the Nike+ FuelBand accelerometer wristband; other wristbands such as SportWatch and SportBand; Nike+ for iPod, the Nike+ Running and Nike+ Basketball mobile applications for iOS and Android; and the Nike+ Kinect Training motion-tracking exercise game for the Xbox.
# Zinnia anomala

Zinnia anomala is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, with the common name shortray zinnia. It is native to western Texas in the United States and also to the States of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Zacatecas in northern Mexico.
Zinnia anomala is a profusely branched subshrub perennial up to 12 cm (8 inches) tall. Leaves are very narrow, up to 3 cm (1.2 inches) long. The plant produces only one flower head per branch, each head containing about 20 red disc florets, sometimes with no ray florets, other times with 5-8 yellow rays.
# Medway Tunnel

The Medway Tunnel is a tunnel under the River Medway linking Strood with Chatham in Kent, England. It forms part of the A289 Medway Towns Northern Relief Road. The Medway Tunnel is the first immersed tube tunnel to be built in England and only the second of this type in the UK, the other at Conwy, North Wales.

## History
### Proposal and construction

The Rochester Bridge had been the lowest river crossing of the River Medway for centuries, and despite expansion in the 1970s was very congested. In the late 1980s, the Medway Tunnel was proposed downstream of the Bridge to relieve congestion on the bridge, to allow greater access to the Medway Towns and assist with redevelopment of Chatham Dockyard.
The Medway Tunnel Bill – promoted by the Rochester Bridge Trust – was submitted to Parliament in 1988. The Medway Tunnel Act 1990 (c. xxii) was passed granting the Rochester Bridge Trust the power to build and own the tunnel.
The £80m project was carried out by an HBM Civil Engineering / Tarmac Construction joint venture, and started in May 1992. The tunnel itself was constructed in three distinct sections. The central part of the tunnel is the 370 metres (1,210 ft) of immersed tube, which is linked to cut and cover tunnels on both the Strood and Chatham banks of the river, with a total tunnel length of 720 metres (2,360 ft).
As part of the construction project, 800 metres (2,600 ft) of new dual carriageway and a new junction was built to connect the new tunnel to the existing road network. Separate from the project, various bypasses and link roads were constructed to provide access to the local area - the A289 Medway Northern Relief Road.
The Medway Tunnel was officially opened by the Princess Royal on 12 June 1996. In 1996, it won an award from the UK's Concrete Society.

### Running costs

In 2008 negotiations were completed by Medway Council which purchased the freehold of the tunnel from the Trust for £1 with a £3.6m contribution on future costs.

## Operation

As of March 2023, the tunnel is used by around 40,000 vehicles per day.
Cyclists are currently not allowed to travel through the tunnel which is not part of the local cycle network.
# Parish of Peka

Peka, New South Wales located at 29°53'04.0"S 143°58'36.0"E is an uninhabited cadastral parish of Ularara County in north western New South Wales.

## Climate

The climate is semi-arid, featuring low rainfall, very hot summer temperatures and cool nights in winter.
The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

## History

The traditional owners of the Paroo River area are the Budjair, Kunja and Mardgany in the north and the Paruntiji, meaning people belonging to the Paroo, in the south. Aboriginal people are known to have lived along the Paroo for at least 14,000 years (Robins, 1999).
The Burke and Wills expedition were the first Europeans to the area, passing a few miles to the west.
   Graziers came as squatters to the Paroo in the 1840s. They met resistance from the Aboriginal land owners, and tensions in the area continued well into the 1860s. From the 1850s however a shortage of white labour caused by the exodus to the gold fields saw many in the Aboriginal communities join the pastoral workforce. Aboriginal people continued to be a significant part of this work force for many decades whilst still maintaining their cultural traditions and attending local and regional ceremonies until the 1910s. From the 1920s however, Aboriginal people began to be forcibly removed from their land by government policy.
From the 1880s to the 1910 drought, overstocking and rabbit infestation led to massive damage to land, soil and native plants and animals.
In 1978 the parish was incorporated into the Nocoleche Nature Reserve.
# Lysinibacillus capsici

Lysinibacillus capsici is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Lysinibacillus which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil of a pepper plant.
# Michael Barker (drummer)

Michael Barker is a New Zealand musician best known for performing with The John Butler Trio and Split Enz. In more recent years Barker formed Swamp Thing.

## Musical career

Barker wrote, recorded, mixed and released his first solo album, Wonderland in November 2006.
Since 2010, he and Grant Haua are Swamp Thing.

## Personal life

In 2007, Michael Barker made headlines as he unsuccessfully tried to save the life of a drowning man in Townsville, Queensland.
# Šćenica Ljubomir

Šćenica Ljubomir (Serbian Cyrillic: Шћеница Љубомир) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Peggy Vaughan

Peggy Vaughan (1936 – November 8, 2012) was an American author and speaker on infidelity issues.
Vaughan became known in 1980 when she and her husband, James Vaughan, shared their story of overcoming infidelity on the Phil Donahue Show
Over the next 30 years, Vaughan became known "as an internationally recognized expert in the area of extramarital affairs." Public reaction led Vaughan to create the Beyond Affairs Network "to help others whose marriages were impacted by infidelity."
In 1989, Vaughan published The Monogamy Myth," which challenged prevailing attitudes and assumptions about extramarital affairs with the goal of "helping people be better prepared to either prevent affairs or to recover if it happens." A follow-up edition of this book was published in 2003 with the subtitle "A Personal Handbook for Recovering from Affairs."
In 1991, Vaughan and her husband began conducting public seminars on "recovering from affairs," later organizing the handouts from those seminars into a handbook for couples. In 1992, the Vaughans wrote Making Love Stay, which shared their insights about long-term relationships.
In a 1999 keynote at the Smart Marriages conference, Vaughan shared her perspective on rebuilding marriage after an affair:
   * Answer all questions and hang in through the inevitable emotional turmoil.
   * Sever contact with the third party and build trust through actions, not promises.
   * Make a commitment to honesty and ongoing honest communication.
   * Accept the fact that monogamy is an issue that's never settled "once and for all."
After a four-year battle with cancer, Vaughan died at her home in La Jolla, California on November 8, 2012. Upon her death, many of her writings were donated to the public.
# Nikki Turner

Nikki or Nicki Turner may refer to:
* Nikki Turner (author), American author
* Nicki Turner (cricketer) (born 1959), New Zealand cricketer
* Nikki Turner (public health advocate), New Zealand scientist
# Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan

Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan is an Indian blogger and writer who writes under the pseudonym eM on The Compulsive Confessor. Her first book, a semi-autobiographical book is You Are Here, was published by Penguin.
She is the daughter of the Malayalam writer and former Indian Administrative Service officer N. S. Madhavan. Her mother Sheela Reddy is a journalist, a former editor of Indian magazine Outlook and author of Mr. and Mrs. Jinnah: The Marriage.
# Meenakshi Ram Nagar

Meenakshi Ram Nagar is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil, on the Katchal Island.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Meenakshi Ram Nagar has 86 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 82.78%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 381 | 216 | 165 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 50 | 25 | 25 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 323 | 171 | 152 |
| Literates | 274 | 176 | 98 |
| Workers (all) | 222 | 150 | 72 |
| Main workers (total) | 210 | 142 | 68 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Main workers: Other | 207 | 140 | 67 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 12 | 8 | 4 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 11 | 8 | 3 |
| Non-workers | 159 | 66 | 93 |
# The Fear Fighter

The Fear Fighter is a 1925 American silent comedy film directed by Albert S. Rogell and starring Billy Sullivan, Ruth Dwyer and J.P. McGowan.

## Cast

* Billy Sullivan as Billy Griffin
* Ruth Dwyer as Catherine Curtis
* J.P. McGowan as James Curtis
* Gunboat Smith as Prison Inmate
* Phil Salvadore
* W.C. Robinson
* Jack Herrick
* Billy Franey
# Megachile kruegeri

Megachile kruegeri is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1923.
# Meghali

Meghali Meenakshi is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil cinema . She made her Tamil debut in Pa. Vijay's film Aaruthra. The lyricist-cum-actor directed and acted in this venture.

## Career

In April 2017, she signed to play a cameo role in Vikram - Tamannaah starrer Sketch.
Meghali's debut film Aaruthra with Pa. Vijay was released. She is already busy with other projects in Kollywood. The actress is now working on a new Tamil film, titled Ragadam; in which she plays a dual role.
She will be playing the lead along with Jackie Shroff in Tamil movie Paandi Muni, directed by Kasthuri Raja.'The film is set against the backdrop of a jameen family, and revolves around Jackie and Meghali's characters; it's a war between the God and the ghost'.
She played lead role in Nirbhoya, a Bengali film directed by Milan Bhowmik and produced by Sanjib Samaddar under the banner of Sambit Media and Productions. This film is based on the 2012 Delhi gang rape case.

## Filmography

* All films are in Tamil unless otherwise noted.
Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | Jithan 2 | Anjali | |
| 2018 | Sketch | Gayathri | |
| 2018 | Aaruthra | Parvati | |
| 2018 | Nirbhoya | Nirbhaya | Bengali film |
| 2023 | Appatha | Avanti | |
# The First and the Last (play)

The First and the Last is a 1919 play by the British writer John Galsworthy. It was based on a short story published in 1917. It was staged successfully in the early 1920s by Basil Dean featuring the actors Owen Nares and Meggie Albanesi. In 1937, it was adapted by Dean for the film 21 Days, which was not released until 1940, starring Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh.
Burt Lancaster and Harold Hecht also procured the filming rights in 1948, hoping to produce the movie through their film production company Norma Productions. The film was to star Marlon Brando and Meg Mundy before it fell through.
In 1933 a radio adaptation in Czech První a poslední directed by Josef Bezdíček) was broadcast on Czech radio.
# Megachile pamperella

Megachile pamperella is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Vachal in 1908.
# The Earth (1921 film)

The Earth (La Terre) is a silent film based on the 1887 novel of the same name by Émile Zola. It was directed by French theatre manager, André Antoine.
Antoine was notable for bringing a certain form of naturalism to the theater and films such as The Earth. Louis Feuillade observed that these dramas "eschew any fantasy and represent men and things as they are, not as they should be." Although the principal players were accomplished actors from the Comédie-Française, Antoine further heightened the film's naturalism by casting many nonprofessionals from the region in the film.

## Plot

The story takes place within the Fouan family. The elderly father Fouan (Armand Bour) decides to share his property between his children, dependent on them to house him, feed him and give him two hundred francs a year each. They do not do their job very well, especially his son, Buteau (Jean Hervé), who is gradually dispossessing Fouan of his meager fortune.
Buteau has two cousins, the Mouche sisters. He has a child by the first, Lise (Jeanne Briey), whom he married when she became a rich heiress.
Buteau and Lise confront her sister, Françoise (Germaine Rouer), in a field. Lise pushes her sister onto a scythe, severely wounding her, and she and Buteau abandon her to her fate. Francoise is taken to a house, but dies from the injury.
Father Fouan is left to wander through rain and snow, with nowhere to live.

## Location

* Cloyes-sur-le-Loir in the Eure-et-Loir department and the natural région of Beauce in France.
# Megamerinidae

The Megamerinidae are a family of flies (Diptera) with about 11 species in three genera. They are small and are marked by an elongated, basally constricted abdomen. The family has been variously placed in the past within the superfamilies Diopsoidea, Nerioidea and more recently in Opomyzoidea but the evolutionary relationships remain unclear.

## Description

For terms see Morphology of Diptera These are slender, medium-sized flies, with long abdomens. The hind femora are thickened, and bear two rows of spinules on the lower side. The costa is entire and the anal cell is elongated. They have no ocelli.

## Biology

The biology of immature Megamerinidae is poorly known, but larvae have been recorded as predators living under bark or decaying vegetation.
# The Giant Plane

The Giant is a London plane tree, located in the city Chojna, Poland. It is one of the thickest trees in the country.
The name of the tree in Polish – Olbrzym – means a very large, huge thing (even a person).
The Giant is about 300 years old, according to the dendrochronological research, and once stood in the Viereck'scher Garten. It is a monumental, 35 m tall tree with a trunk circumference of 1066 cm (in 2014, at the narrowest place, 0.45 m high). Its circumference at breast height (CBH) is 11 m (in 2015).
This plane has a large, probably multistemmed, ellipsoid trunk. It forks at heights of 2.5 and 5 m, creating a large crown.
The tree is preserved by the local government because it had been set on fire several times. Since 2011 it is fenced to protect it from birds and insects.
In 2012, it was judged among the best trees in the competition for tree of the year in Poland.
The Giant Plane is the third thickest tree in Poland, and the largest and oldest London plane in the country.
# The Giant Under the Snow

The Giant Under The Snow is a children's fantasy adventure novel by John Gordon. First published in 1968, the story tells the tale of three school friends who discover an ancient treasure and become embroiled in the final act of an epic battle of good against evil. It was John Gordon's debut novel and has been published in at least four languages. In 1981, the book was adapted into a five part series on BBC Radio 4, read by Martin Jarvis OBE and broadcast on 28 December 1981.
A feature-length film of the book is currently in the pre-production stage.

## Plot summary

On a school field trip, Jonquil (Jonk) Winters, an independent-minded teenage girl, is attacked by a large black dog whilst exploring the nearby woods where she has found a mysterious and rather old buckle. She is rescued from the dog by a woman named Elizabeth Goodenough, who possesses magical powers. After she goes home, Jonk is stalked by the dog and its curious stone-faced master. Jonk's friend Bill Smith has read of a local legend that describes how a giant Green Man once strode across the countryside from Wiltshire to East Anglia. Believing the legend is the key to understanding Jonk's experience in the woods, Jonk, Bill and their rather sceptical friend Arthur (Arf) Minnett set out to solve the riddle of the Green Man.
It soon becomes apparent that the stone-faced man is an ancient warlord who needs the golden buckle to regain his malevolent power. The buckle is the key to victory and the trio soon find themselves under attack from the minions of the warlord, the terrifying "leather men", and are relentlessly followed by the black dog. However, cleverly guided by Elizabeth and aided by the gift of flight, Jonk and her friends determine to defeat the warlord and his sinister allies at any cost.

## 1989 sequel

A little known sequel to The Giant Under The Snow called Ride The Wind was published in 1989 by Bodley Head Children's Books. The golden treasure Jonk and Bill discovered in the first book is under threat again and it is the Leather Men who are after it. Jonk and Bill ride the wind once more to where the Warlord waits. The book was dedicated to Margaret Clark. Cover artwork by Keith Scaife.

## 2006 revised edition

Due to the book's popularity, Orion Children's Books decided to republish The Giant Under The Snow in April 2006. The revised edition had a new cover design by fantasy artist Geoff Taylor and new chapter head illustrations by Gary Blythe. Since 1968, the original story has remained fairly timeless; however, it was deemed necessary for the author to make some minor updates to the language (e.g. changing "gym shoes" to "trainers"). John Gordon also took the opportunity to clarify the origin of the Green Man in relevant chapters.

## Film adaptation

A film adaptation is being developed by David Rogers and Gemma Wilks.