OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valentina Gorbachuk

Valentina Ivanivna Gorbachuk (born 1937) is a Soviet and Ukrainian mathematician, specializing in operator theory and partial differential equations.

## Education and career

Gorbachuk was born in Mogilev on 25 June 1937; then part of the Soviet Union, it has since become part of Belarus. Her parents worked as an accountant and a telegraphist; in search of better work, they moved to Lutsk in what is now Ukraine when Gorbachuk was a child, and that is where she was schooled.
She applied to study mathematics and mechanics at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, but was denied because of a "stay in the occupation". Instead, she went to the Lutsk Pedagogical Institute, graduating in 1959. On the advice of one of her faculty mentors there, S.I. Zuhovitsky, she entered graduate study at the NASU Institute of Mathematics, as a student of Yury Berezansky [uk], earning a candidate degree (the Soviet equivalent of a Ph.D.) in the early 1960s.
She continued as a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics for the rest of her career, defending a Doctor of Science (equivalent of a habilitation under the former Soviet system) in 1992.

## Books

Gorbachuk is the coauthor, with M. L. Gorbachuk, of two books on operator theory, translated from Russian into English:
* Boundary value problems for operator differential equations (Naukova Dumka, 1984; trans., Mathematics and its Applications 48, Kluwer, 1991)
* M. G. Krein’s lectures on entire operators (Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 97, Birkhäuser, 1997)

## Recognition

In 1998, Gorbachuk won the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology.

## Personal life

Gorbachuk worked closely with her husband, Miroslav L'vovich Gorbachuk [uk] (1938–2017), a mathematician with whom she shared her research interests. Their son, Volodymyr Myroslavovich Gorbachuk, is an associate professor of mathematical physics at the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (National Technical University of Ukraine).
# Valaika

Valaika is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Chris Valaika (born 1985), American baseball infielder
* Pat Valaika (born 1992), American baseball infielder
# Valsa abietis

Valsa abietis is a plant pathogen infecting Douglas-firs.
# Vallferosa (Torà)

Vallferosa is located in the municipality of Torà, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020 it had a population of 29.

## Geography

Vallferosa is located 99km east-northeast of Lleida.
# Valleys Gateway

Valleys Gateway names the five merged villages north of Bridgend and the M4 in Bridgend County Borough, Wales. The villages are Aberkenfig, Bryncethin, Brynmenyn, Sarn and Tondu.
Valleys Gateway could be considered a town as it has amenities such as Ynysawdre Swimming Pool & Fitness Centre, Aberkenfig Library and Sarn Lifelong Learning Centre.

## Transport

The area is accessible by public transportation, road, foot or bicycle. Junction 36 of the M4 is less than a mile from Sarn, Bridgend. Bryncethin and runs to the south of the area. The area also has two railway stations on the Maesteg Line at Sarn and Tondu.
# Natubhai Gomanbhai Patel

Natubhai Gomanbhai Patel (born 4 May 1972 in Silvassa) is an Indian politician, belonging to Bharatiya Janata Party. In the 2009 election he was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Dadra and Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha constituency. He won again in 2014, but lost in 2019 elections.
He is a builder and married to Smt Jayashreeben and has one son and one daughter.
# VPU

VPU may refer to:

## Technology

* Vector processing unit, a special processor architecture with features of pipelining for vector processing
* Versatile Processor Unit, an Intel AI accelerator for inference, computer vision and deep learning
* Video processing unit and visual processing unit, related to graphics processing units
* Vision processing unit, a class of processor intended for accelerating machine vision tasks

## Other uses

* Viral protein U (Vpu), a regulatory protein found in HIV-1
* Vancouver Police Union, a trade union in Canada
# VPT

VPT may refer to:
* Valor por Tamaulipas
* Vermont Public Television
* Volume, temperature and pressure, the three parameters in the combined gas law
# Nectandra impressa

Nectandra impressa is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Brazil.
# Nechilo

Nechilo is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Nechilo macrogona, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria.
# Naupactus (beetle)

Naupactus is a genus of beetles in the weevil family Curculionidae, the true weevils. They are known commonly as whitefringed beetles. Many species of the genus are considered pests, both as larvae and as adults. The genus is native to the Americas, where it is distributed from Mexico to Argentina; the highest species diversity is in Brazil. Several species have been introduced to the United States and New Zealand.
Some Naupactus have fully developed wings, while others have rudimentary or absent wings and are flightless. The females have flexible ovipositors with which they deposit eggs in cracks and crevices, in soil, between leaves, and beneath the sepals on fruits. The larvae emerge in the soil or fall into it upon emergence. There they feed on the roots. In citrus, for example, they physically damage the roots but more significant injury occurs when pathogens such as Phytophthora enter through the wounds. The length of the larval stage varies depending on species, temperature, and nutrients available. The adults feed on foliage.
Some species reproduce via parthenogenesis, with young emerging from unfertilized eggs, and males of the species have never even been observed.
There are at least 150 species in the genus.
# Negrei

Negrei may refer to
* Several species of beetles, including
** Blennidus negrei
** Metius negrei
** Mecyclothorax negrei
** Stenotsivoka negrei
* Ion Negrei (born 1958), Moldovan politician
* Pârâul Negrei, a tributary of the Moldova River in Romania
# Ned Mettam

Edward Mettam (18 August 1868 – 31 May 1943) was an English footballer who made 85 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City while making 99 appearances in all competitions. He played as a right half.
He later worked as a pub owner in his hometown of Lincoln, where he died in 1943.
# Edward Whitney

Edward H. Whitney was an American tennis player active in the early 20th century.

## Tennis career

Whitney was interscholastic champion. He reached the semifinals of the U.S. National Championships in 1910 and the quarterfinals in 1909. He also won the NCAA Men's Tennis Championship in 1911 while competing for Harvard University.

### Grand Slam tournament performance timeline

Key :
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
| Tournament | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 |
| Grand Slam tournaments ||||||||||
| Australian Open | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | NH |
| Wimbledon | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | NH | NH |
| US Open | 1R | QF | SF | 1R | A | 4R | 3R | 2R | 4R |
# Nicola Kraus

Nicola Kraus (born August 17, 1974) is an American novelist.

## Personal life

Kraus was born in New York City, and graduated from the Chapin School and then New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study. She met Emma McLaughlin while both were attending New York University, and working as nannies. She lived as a child at 1000 Park Avenue, whose residents she claims inspired some of the characters in her fiction.
Kraus married David Wheir on June 14, 2008.

## Published works (all with Emma McLaughlin)

* The Nanny Diaries (2002)
* Citizen Girl (2004)
* Dedication (2007)
* The Real Real (2009)
* Nanny Returns (2009)
* Cinderella Gets a Brazilian (2011)
* Over You (2012)
* The First Affair: A Novel (2013)
* How to be a Grown-Up: A Novel (2015)
# Macrinus bambuco

Macrinus bambuco is a species of giant crab spider in the family Sparassidae. It is found in Colombia.
# List of mayors and lord mayors of Darwin

This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of the City of Darwin local government area, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

## Mayors (1915–1980)

| # | Mayor | Term |
| 1 | Percy Kelsey | 1915–1917 |
| 2 | Douglas Crombie (Jim) Watts | 1917–1919 |
| 3 | Robert Toupein | 1919–1921 |
| 4 | Jack Field Burton | 1921–1922 |
| 5 | Arthur William Adams | 1922–1924 |
| 6 | John Alfred (Jack) Porter | 1925–1927 |
| – | Douglas Crombie (Jim) Watts | 1927–1929 |
| 7 | John Henry (Jack) Brogan | 1929–1937 |
| Darwin Town Council ceased functioning between 1937 and 1957 due to bankruptcy caused by cyclone and World War II. |||
| 8 | Lucius Richardson | 1957–1958 |
| 9 | John "Tiger" Lyons | 1958–1959 |
| 10 | (Norman) Harold Cooper | 1959–1966 |
| 11 | Harry Chan | 1966–1969 |
| – | Lucius Richardson | 1969–1971 |
| 12 | Kenneth Colin Waters | 1971–1972 |
| 13 | Harold "Tiger" Brennan | 1972–1975 |
| 14 | Ella Stack | 1975–1979 |

## Lord Mayors (since 1980)

| # | Lord Mayor | Term |
| 14 | Ella Stack | 1980 |
| 15 | Cecil Black | 1980–1984 |
| 16 | Alec Fong Lim | 1984–1990 |
| 17 | Alan Markham | 1990–1992 |
| 18 | George Brown | 1992–2002 |
| 19 | Peter Adamson | 2002–2007 |
| 20 | Garry Lambert | 2007–2008 |
| 21 | Graeme Sawyer | 2008–2012 |
| 22 | Katrina Fong Lim | 2012–2017 |
| 23 | Kon Vatskalis | 2017–present |
# Many-scaled cylindrical skink

The many-scaled cylindrical skink (Chalcides polylepis) is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is found in Morocco and Western Sahara. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rocky areas, sandy shores, and pastureland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Portrait of the Artist's Father

Portrait of the Artist's Father (Slovenian: Portret očeta) is a painting by the Slovenian-Italian artist Giuseppe Tominz from 1848.

## Description

The picture is painted in oil on canvas and has dimensions of 90 x 74.5 cm. It has been a part of the collection of the National Gallery of Slovenia in Ljubljana since 1926.

## Analysis

Giuseppe Tominz lived and worked in Austria-Hungary. He is one of the most famous Slovenian portrait painters of the Biedermeier period, which was characterized by art of the bourgeoisie, with an emphasis on idyllic or domestic genre art and reproduction of the present. His most characteristic works are realistic portraits.
In Portrait of the Artist's Father, Tominz depicts his father on the occasion of his 80th birthday. He is seated on a chair by a table. With his left hand he holds a small portrait of a woman. The portrait is entirely in the style of naturalism and is devoid of any idealization.
# Porta San Giovanni

Porta San Giovanni may refer to
* Porta San Giovanni (Padua)
* Porta San Giovanni (Rome)
* Porta San Giovanni (San Gimignano)
# Porta San Paolo Railway Museum

The Rome Porta San Paolo Railway Park Museum is a museum in Rome (Italy), concerned with railway and tram transportation. It is housed next to the Roma Porta San Paolo railway station and the Piramide station of the metro (line B).

## General

The museum, inaugurated on 18 September 2004, is in part in the open, where the restored rolling stock can be seen, and in part indoors, where scale models, devices and technical objects are displayed, providing a full outline of the history of public rail transport in the Rome area.

## Rolling stock

The rolling stock examples kept in the museum include:
* Locomotive Breda AEG, year 1915, s.n. 01 STEFER from the Rome–Fiuggi railway.
* Locomotive Carminati-Toselli TIBB, year 1922, s.n. 05 STEFER from the Rome–Lido railway.
* Electric locomotive ECD "Officine Meccaniche della Stanga" TIBB, year 1931, s.n. 21 from the Rome–Civitacastellana–Viterbo railway.
* Tram STFER series 400, s.n. 404 "Officine Meccaniche della Stanga" TIBB, year 1941, from the Tramvie dei Castelli Romani.
* Tram STEFER, s.n. 70, from the extra-urban service on the Castelli Romani lines.
* STEFER, flat service wagon obtained by modifying a former extra-urban two-axle trailer.
* Power trolley STEFER used for inspections on the Rome–Fiuggi railway.

## Photo gallery

* Electric locomotive "STEFER" 05
* Tram STFER series 400

## Connections

* Piramide station, Line B.
# Porta San Paolo

The Porta San Paolo (English: Saint Paul Gate) is one of the southern gates in the 3rd-century Aurelian Walls of Rome, Italy. The Via Ostiense Museum (museo della Via Ostiense) is housed within the gatehouse. It is in the Ostiense quarter; just to the west is the Roman Pyramid of Cestius, an Egyptian-style pyramid, and beyond that is the Protestant Cemetery.

## History

The original name of the gate was Porta Ostiensis, as it was located at the beginning of via Ostiense, the road that connected Rome and Ostia. Via Ostiense was an important arterial road, as evidenced by the fact that upon entering the gate of the same name, the road split, with one direction leading to the famous Emporium, the great market of Rome.
The gatehouse is flanked by two cylindrical towers, and has two entrances, which had been covered by a second, single-opening gate, built in front of the first by the Byzantine general Belisarius (530s–540s).
The structure is due to Maxentius, in the 4th century, but the two towers were heightened by Honorius. Its original—Latin—name was Porta Ostiensis, since it opened on the way to Ostia. Later, it was renamed to the Italian Porta San Paolo, because it was the exit of Rome that led to the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.
In 549, Rome was under siege; the Ostrogoths of Totila entered through this gate, because of the treason of the Isaurian garrison.
On 10 September 1943, two days after the armistice between the Allies and Italy had been agreed, Italian military and civil forces tried to block German seizure of the city, with 570 casualties.
* Giuseppe Vasi etching of Porta San Paolo and Pyramid of Cestius, in the 18th century.
* The gate has been separated from the Aurelian Walls, and looks like a castle, with the two towers and the double entrance. It is, therefore, sometimes called "Castelletto".
# Posets

Posets may refer to:
* Posets peak, a mountain, second highest of the Pyrenees
* Partially ordered sets, a set which follows partial order relation
* Poset games, mathematical games of strategy
# Posterior chamber of eyeball

The posterior chamber is a narrow space behind the peripheral part of the iris, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes. The posterior chamber consists of small space directly posterior to the iris but anterior to the lens. The posterior chamber is part of the anterior segment and should not be confused with the vitreous chamber (in the posterior segment).
Posterior chamber is an important structure involved in production and circulation of aqueous humor. Aqueous humor produced by the epithelium of the ciliary body is secreted into the posterior chamber, from which it flows through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber.
The hypermature cataractous lens or, the intraocular lens implanted after cataract surgery may obstruct the aqueous flow through the pupil. The block in flow of aqueous from the posterior to the anterior chamber will lead to a condition known as Iris bombe. In this condition, pressure in the posterior chamber rises, resulting in anterior bowing of the peripheral iris and obstruction of the trabecular meshwork. This may result in an acute attack of angle closure glaucoma. Surgical management of Glaucoma due to Iris bombe include making a small hole in the iris which allows passage of aqueous from posterior chamber to anterior chamber either by YAG or Argon laser iridotomy or by manual iridectomy.

## Additional images

* The upper half of a sagittal section through the front of the eyeball (posterior chamber of eye labeled at center right)
# Posterior ciliary arteries

Posterior ciliary arteries may refer to:
* Long posterior ciliary arteries
* Short posterior ciliary arteries
# Possum Jones

Possum Jones (January 16, 1934 – December 27, 1997) was a NASCAR Grand National driver.

## Career

From 1952 to 1965, Jones managed to lead 28 out of the 8234 laps that he committed in his career. The 29th lap of the 1957 Rebel 300 would become infamous for the nine-car wreck that become a harbinger of doom in the days prior to the "modern" NASCAR Cup Series. Jones would be involved in this wreck; sharing a photo opportunity with Art Binkey and Dick Beaty in their wrecked vehicles.
Jones practically cut his professional racing career "teeth" on racing convertibles in NASCAR. He was one of the original drivers who partook in the 1956 Convertible season. In 1957, Jones won two convertible races, at Syracuse and Fayetteville. This experiment in "stock car racing" would last throughout the rest of the 1950s and into the year 1962 before the regular stock cars became more cost efficient. It became too expensive to cut the tops off the vehicles; causing the demise of the NASCAR Convertible Division.
This would add up to 6,950.5 miles (11,185.7 km) raced in total. Total earnings for Possum Jones was $13,680 ($132,264.08 when adjusted for inflation). On average, Jones started in 21st place and finished in 20th place. Possum Jones was also a NASCAR owner during the 1963 and 1964 seasons. He managed to arrange rides for himself in addition to Jim McGuirk, Joe Weatherly, and Joe Penland.
# Possum Grape, Arkansas

Possum Grape is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Arkansas, United States. The town was named in 1954. For nearly two decades, residents were split on whether the name should be "Possum" or "Grape". Eventually, after much conflict and turmoil, a compromise was reached and the town name officially became Possum Grape.
# Portobelillo

Portobelillo is a corregimiento in Parita District, Herrera Province, Panama with a population of 892 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 890; its population as of 2000 was 906.
# Posthuset

Posthuset (lit. "Post Office Building") may refer to:
* Posthuset (Gothenburg)
* Central Post Office Building (Stockholm)
* Posthuset (station), Oslo, Norway
# Prado Verde, Texas

Prado Verde is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Paso County, Texas, United States. The population is 246 according to the 2010 census. It is part of the El Paso Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 200 people, 60 households, and 55 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,557.7 inhabitants per square mile (601.4/km$^2$). There were 62 housing units at an average density of 482.9 per square mile (186.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.00% White, 0.50% Native American, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 55.00% of the population.
There were 60 households, out of which 51.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.0% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 8.3% were non-families. 8.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.51.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,286, and the median income for a family was $68,056. Males had a median income of $38,409 versus $45,179 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,186. None of the families and 3.9% of the population were living below the poverty line.

## Education

Prado Verde is in the Canutillo Independent School District. Residents are zoned to Gonzalo and Sofia Garcia Elementary School, and Canutillo Middle School. Canutillo High School is the zoned comprehensive high school for the entire school district.
# Pot drum

Pot drum may refer to:
* Kettle drum, a broad class of drums with a rounded bottom
* Membranophone, any musical instrument which produces sound by vibration of a stretched membrane
# Posadowsky Glacier

Posadowsky Glacier may refer to:
* Posadowsky Glacier (Antarctica)
* Posadowsky Glacier (Bouvet Island)
# Power City

Power City may refer to:
* PowerCity (an electrical retail business in Ireland)
* Global City (the concept of a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network)
# Pray Hard

Pray Hard is the debut studio album by Muslim Belal, released on 15 August 2009 by Halal Dawa Records.

## Composition and release

In early 2009, Belal released From the Streets to Islam, a CD in which he is being interviewed and responds to the questions by rapping, this was a preview to launching his first album. Pray Hard was released by Halal Dawa Records on 15 August 2009 at the Oxford House Theatre in Bethnal Green, London.
Belal's poetry combines spiritualism with social issues and his own personal history. The album features themes of repentance, his conversion to Islam, giving advice, praising Allah, preparations for the hereafter and supplicating to Allah.
# Pray Now

Pray Now is a 2015 American southern Gospel album by Karen Peck and New River. It earned the group a Grammy Award nomination for Best Roots Gospel Album in 2016 and won the Southern Gospel Album of the Year at the 2015 Dove Awards.
# Pradoxa confirmata

Pradoxa confirmata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Distribution

It occurs off the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
# Nick Wiggins

Nicholas Wiggins (born February 8, 1984), also known by the stage name Zombie Nicholas, is an American rock musician. He is best known for his time as the bassist and backing vocalist for the horror punk band Aiden from 2003 until 2015. He is also a member of the supergroup Me Vs. Myself with Carson Allen of On the Last Day and played bass for William Control's live band from 2008 to 2012. Most recently, he has been the rhythm guitarist of the hard rock band Girl On Fire, who released their debut album Not Broken in 2013. He lives in Seattle, Washington.

## Discography
### Aiden

* Our Gangs Dark Oath (2004)
* Nightmare Anatomy (2005)
* Conviction (2007)
* Knives (2009)
* From Hell With Love: Luciforever (2010)
* Disguises (2011)

### EPs

* A Split of Nightmares - Split EP with Stalin's War (2004)
* Rain in Hell (2006)

### William Control

* Hate Culture (October 28, 2008)
* Noir (June 8, 2010)

### Me Vs Myself

* Seasons EP (2010)
* Where I Am... Where I Want To Be (2012)

## Equipment

Nick uses:
* Gretsch Guitars
* Gibson Guitars
* Marshall JMP Head
* Marshall Cabs
* Fender P-Bass
* Fender Jazz Bass
* Ernie Ball Music Man Bass
* Ampeg Classic Head
* Ampeg 8x10 Bass Cab
# Gardner Lake State Park

Gardner Lake State Park is a public recreation area occupying 10 acres (4.0 ha) on the southern edge of Gardner Lake in the town of Salem, Connecticut. The state park offers opportunities for boating, fishing, and swimming and is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

## History

For most of the 20th century, the site of the state park was a private resort. The state purchased the site in 2001 for $550,000 after previous efforts to purchase it in the 1990s by local government were rejected by voters. In 2008, the state invested $1 million dollars in improvements to the park's boat launch and parking area. Those improved facilities contributed to a marked upturn in public use.

## Activities and amenities

The park offers a swimming beach and boat launch. Gardner Lake covers 529 acres (214 ha) and is a state-designated bass management lake.

## In the news

In 2012, 2013, and 2016, reports of disruptive behavior and the failure of visitors to pack out trash led to calls for increased vigilance by authorities and more cooperation from the public.