OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louise Mieritz

Louise Mieritz (born 30 April 1971 in Århus) is a Danish actress, best known for her roles in the Dogme 95 films The Idiots and Se til venstre, der er en Svensker [da; fr].

## Partial filmography

* The Idiots (1998)
* Se til venstre, der er en Svensker [da; fr] (2003)
* Tid til forandring [da] (2004)
* Anklaget (2005)
* Den store dag [da; fi] (2005)
* The Boss of It All (2006)
* Max Embarrassing 2 (2011)
# Frederick G. Keyes

Frederick George Keyes (June 24, 1885 – April 14, 1976) was an American physical chemist. Keyes was most notable for inventing a method to sterilize milk using ultraviolet rays, and discovering that ultraviolet rays kill germs. According to the National Academies Press, Keyes was also notable for "advances in thermodynamics, equations of state of gases, and thermodynamic properties, in particular liquid water and steam".
Keyes received a B.Sc. degree from the University of Rhode Island and an M.Sc. and Ph.D. from Brown University.
Keyes was head of the department of chemistry at MIT, and was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.
# Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates a type-I interferon response. It is part of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes cGAMP synthesis. cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production. Mice lacking cGAS are more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses and RNA viruses. In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV. The human gene encoding cGAS is MB21D1 on chromosome 6.
# Neocrionisca

Neocrionisca is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Ditomyiidae.

## Species

* N. collessi Papavero, 1977
# Industrial relations commission

Industrial Relations Commissions are government courts or tribunal set up by a state or country to regulate and adjudicate on employment and industrial issues between employees and employers. These bodies are predominantly found in Australia where bodies in each of the states of that nation were set up from the early 1900s to deal with industrial issues.
The bodies are an attempt to mitigate the effects of the common law on employment contracts between employers and employees.

## Australia

For parties to industrial agreements covered by federal law, the Fair Work Commission has jurisdiction.
In New South Wales, the state government has set up the Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales.
In Queensland, the state government has set up the Queensland Industrial Relations Commission.
In South Australia, the state government has set up the Industrial Relations Court of South Australia.
In Victoria, jurisdiction for industrial agreements covered by state law have been referred to the federal Fair Work Commission.
In Western Australia, the state government has set up the Western Australia Industrial Relations Commission.

## United States

A reference to such a commission in the United States may be a reference to the Industrial Commission.
# QW-2 MANPADS

The QW-2 (NATO reporting name: CH-SA-8) is a Chinese man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) MANPADS. The system has improved performance against targets flying faster and at lower-altitude than the QW-1.

## Description

The Qian Wei-2 (or Vanguard 2, in its export designation) is the third generation of man-portable missiles built by the Shenyang firm Hangtian Xinle Ltd. It is difficult to determine exactly when it was put into service, but it probably came into operation between 1998 and 2002. The QW-2 was first revealed in 1998 at the Farnborough Airshow. The missile and its launcher closely resemble those of the Russian 9K310 “Igla-1” system (NATO designation: SA-16 “Gimlet”), and the two systems are considered to be quite comparable in terms of performance and capabilities.

## Variants
### QW-2

The QW-2 is considered by many Chinese media as the Asian equivalent of the American FIM-92E. It is a further development of the QW-1, the first series of Vanguard missiles.
Compared to the QW-1, the minimum operational altitude of the QW-2 was reduced from 30 m to 10 m, the maximum range was increased from 5000 m to 6000 m, and the missile reaction time was reduced to less than 5 seconds. It is also equipped with a new dual-band passive infrared seeker, providing good resistance to thermal decoys (flares) and parasitic heat sources from the terrain (sun, ground, etc.), while by making it possible to improve the missile's performance in bad weather conditions and at night. It subsequently appeared that an infrared imaging seeker had been substituted.
* Additional data:
** Maximum target speed: 400 m/s approaching, 320 m/s moving away.
** Operating temperatures: −40 °C to +55 °C.

### CQW-2

The prefix "C" here indicates that this is a version of the QW-2 that is mounted on a 4x4 vehicle (from Chinese "Che-Zai", "vehicle-mounted").
It is served by a crew of 3 men (driver, gunner and gunner) and the fire control is made up of an acquisition radar and optronic tracking equipment. Once the target is acquired on radar, guidance returns to the optronic system, which is responsible for tracking and engagement. The on-board system allows the use of missiles one by one or in pairs, and the vehicle has 8 missiles ready for firing in the turret supports. 8 other projectiles are in the hold.
The fire control is mounted in a ball, which includes a thermal camera and a laser rangefinder. Its radar is a variant of the NRIET AS-90, which operates in L-band and ranges to 20 km. The system reaction time is less than 8 seconds.
The CQW-2 missiles are fully interchangeable with the QW-2 portable launcher system. However, this operation cannot be carried out in the field.

### QW-12

Uses a laser proximity detonator. Unveiled in November 2014.

## Operators

* Algeria: Produced locally under license since 2010.
* Bangladesh
** Bangladesh Army
* China
** People's Liberation Army
* Iran
** Iranian Armed Forces
# Rewilding (disambiguation)

Rewilding is a form of ecological restoration that returns habitats to their natural states.
Rewilding may also refer to:
* Rewilding Europe, a programme to bring about rewilding in Europe
* Pleistocene rewilding, a form of species reintroduction
* Rewilding Institute, an organization concerned with the integration of traditional wildlife and wildlands conservation
* Rewilding (anarchism), the reversal of human "domestication"
* Rewilding (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse
# Miani, Punjab

Miani is a town in Bhera Tehsil of Sargodha District in Punjab, Pakistan.

## History

Miani had a substantial population of Hindus and Sikhs, especially Khatri Kukhrans, before the partition of India. The Khatris had to leave their ancestral homes and move to India after partition. Pre-partition, there were also many Hindu Brahmin families lived in Miani. After formation of Pakistan, these Sikhs and Hindus were migrated to India and Muslims which were migrated from Indian Punjab were settled here.

## Overview

It is about 70 km from Sargodha city. It is situated on the bank of River Jhelum and 16 km from Bhera Motorway Interchange. It is just few kilometers away from Khewra Salt Mines, the Pakistan's largest, the world's 2nd largest and the oldest salt mine in the world.
# Warren Lewis (disambiguation)

Warren Lewis (1895–1973) was an Irish historian and British Army officer, and the brother of author C.S. Lewis
Warren Lewis may also refer to:
* Warren Lewis (soccer, born 1971), former South African association football player
* Warren Lewis (screenwriter), American film producer and screenwriter
* Warren Harmon Lewis (1870–1964), American biologist
* Warren K. Lewis (1882–1975), American chemical engineer
* Warren Lewis (Australian footballer) (1923–1988), Australian rules footballer
* Warren Lewis (ice hockey), American ice hockey player
# Human Genetics (journal)

Human Genetics is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of human genetics, including legal and social issues. It was established in 1964 by Arno Motulsky and Friedrich Vogel as the German-language Humangenetik, obtaining its current title in 1976. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. Its editors-in-chief are David N. Cooper (Cardiff University) and Thomas J. Hudson (Ontario Institute for Cancer Research). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.3.

## Ethics scandal

The journal published findings exploring the DNA of physical appearance traits of Uighur men from Tumxuk in 2019. One of the authors of the paper on DNA phenotyping said he had been unaware of the origins of the DNA samples. Springer Nature was reported to want to strengthen its ethics guidelines regarding "vulnerable groups of people" per a New York Times report.
# Frederick Thomas Penton

Frederick Thomas Penton (1851 – 12 June 1929) was a British army officer and Conservative Party politician.
He was the eldest son of Colonel Henry Penton, developer of the Pentonville area of London and his wife, Eliza Maria nee Langley of Brittas Castle, County Tipperary. He was educated at Harrow School and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1873 he received a commission in the 4th Dragoon Guards and served in the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882. He left the army with the rank of captain in 1884.
He married Caroline Helen Mary Stewart of County Donegal in 1883. The couple had two children. He was an extensive land owner in a number of English counties, and was a justice of the peace for Buckinghamshire and the County of London, and a Deputy Lieutenant of Middlesex.
In June 1886 he was unanimously selected by the Conservative Party to contest the seat of Finsbury Central. Penton won the seat, unseating the sitting Liberal Party Member of Parliament, Howard Spensley, by the narrow margin of 5 votes. At the next general election in 1892 he was defeated by Dadabhai Naoroji, who won the seat by 3 votes following a recount. In April 1893 he indicated that he would not stand for parliament again. He was High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire for the year 1896.
He died at his home in South Kensington in June 1929, and was buried at St Peter's Church, Old Steine, Brighton.
# Cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)

Cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.7, cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase, MCAD) is an enzyme with systematic name cyclic alcohol:quinone oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    cyclic alcohol + quinone $\rightleftharpoons$ cyclic ketone + quinol
This enzyme oxidizes a wide variety of cyclic alcohols.
# Neocrepidodera spectabilis

Neocrepidodera spectabilis is a species of flea beetle from a leaf beetle family that can be found in Italy and Switzerland.
# Groat

Groat may refer to:
* Groat (English coin) (pre-1707) or fourpence (British coin) (post-1707), British obsolete coinage. Current-dated fourpence pieces are struck as part of Maundy money.
* Groat (grain), a form of processed cereal grain
* Groat (surname)
* Groat Road, a freeway in Edmonton, Alberta Canada
** Groat Bridge
# Harshness

Harshness (also called raucousness), in music information retrieval, is a Non-Contextual Low-Level Audio Descriptors (NLDs) that represents one dimension of the multi-dimensional psychoacoustic feature called as musical timbre.
Classical timbre’ NLDs are roughness, spectral centroid, and spectral flux. While harmonicity and inharmonicity can also be considered NLDs, harshness differs from them, as well as from roughness, once it reckons for a distinguished perceptual audio feature expressed by the summary spectral periodicity. This feature is especially clear in single-pitch, single-note, musical audio, where the timbre of two different musical instruments can greatly differ in levels of harshness (e.g., the difference in harshness between a flute and a saxophone is evident). As it is supposed to be, harshness is independent of all others NLDs.
# Q65

Q65 can refer to:
* Q65 (band), a Dutch rock band
* Q65 (New York City bus)
* At-Talaq, the 65th surah of the Quran
* French submarine Fresnel (Q65)
# Odyssey Re

Odyssey Re Holdings Corp., headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, United States, is an underwriter of property and casualty treaty and facultative reinsurance, as well as specialty insurance. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fairfax Financial, a financial services holding company. OdysseyRe operates through four divisions: Americas, EuroAsia, London Market and US Insurance. OdysseyRe offers a range of property, casualty, surety and credit, marine and energy, aviation and space reinsurance products from offices around the world.
For the year ended on December 31, 2010, reinsurance represented 65.0% of gross premiums written, and primary insurance represented the remaining 35.0%.
Odyssey Re was listed as one of America's 400 Best Big Companies by Forbes in 2008 for the fourth time. The company's support of a Super-PAC in the 2012 United States presidential election has been deemed controversial by some, as interference by a Canadian-owned entity in American domestic politics.
# Grouvellina cinerea

Grouvellina cinerea is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1979.
# Cyclic AMP receptors

Cyclic AMP receptors from slime molds are a distinct family of G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors control development in Dictyostelium discoideum.
In D. discoideum, the cyclic AMP receptors coordinate aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism, and regulate the expression of a large number of developmentally-regulated genes. The amino acid sequences of the receptors contain high proportions of hydrophobic residues grouped into 7 domains, in a manner reminiscent of the rhodopsins and other receptors believed to interact with G-proteins. However, while a similar 3D framework has been proposed to account for this, there is no significant sequence similarity between these families: the cAMP receptors thus bear their own unique '7TM' signature.
# Vecvagars

Vecvagars (feminine: Vecvagare) is a Latvian occupational surname, derived from the Latvian words vecs ("old)" and vagars ("overseer"). Individuals with the surname include:
* Arnis Vecvagars (born 1974), Latvian retired basketball player and current manager of Latvian national basketball team;
* Kaspars Vecvagars (born 1993), Latvian basketball player
# Groasis Waterboxx

The Groasis Waterboxx is a device designed to help in growing trees in dry areas. It was invented and developed by Dutch former flower exporter Pieter Hoff, and won the Popular Science Green Tech Best of What’s New Innovation of the year award for 2010. The word "Groasis" is a neologism formed as a portmanteau of the words "grow" and "oasis".

## Background

Large land areas in the world are too dry for trees to survive. Although water may be present in the ground, it is often too deep for small trees to develop a root structure to reach. The Groasing Technology employs biomimicry to solve the problem of growing plants in deserts, eroded areas, badlands and on rocks. The purpose of this technology is to replant such areas, restore the vegetation cover, and make them productive with fruit trees and vegetables.

## Design

The Groasis Waterboxx is a polypropylene bucket with a lid. It has a vertical tunnel in the middle for two plants. A wick allows water from inside the box to trickle into the ground via capillary action. The device mimics the insulating effect bird feces provide to germinating seeds. The box's lid is covered by tiny papillae, which create a superhydrophobic surface due to the lotus effect. The lid serves to funnel even the smallest amount of water down siphons into the box's central reservoir.
The product functions as a plant incubator, sheltering both a newly planted sapling and the ground around it from the heat of the sun, while providing water for the plant. The lid collects water from rain and nighttime condensation, which is then stored in the bucket. The water-filled reservoir releases small amounts (around 50 ml per day) of water into the ground by a wick to water the tree and to encourage the tree to develop a root structure. The box acts as a shield for the water in the upper ground, and this water then spreads down and out instead of being drawn to the surface and evaporated. Both temperature and humidity beneath and inside the box are more stable night and day than without.
From 2003 to 2010, the development of the Groasis Waterboxx has cost $7.1 million.

## Installation

Use of the box initially involves digging a hole in the ground by a human or a machine. One to three plants are planted in the hole, and a cardboard panel is placed around the plants. In dry areas, the soil around the plants is inoculated with mycorrhizae to release nutrients in the soil that would otherwise be chemically inaccessible to the growing plants. A wick is inserted in the bottom of the Groasis which is then lowered over the plants and filled with water. Two lids are put on, funnels inserted and a cap plugs the top lid.

## Testing

The box has been testing for the 3 years at Mohamed Premier University in Morocco where nearly 90% of plants survived with the box compared to 10% without. Apart from projects in warm arid areas, the box is being tested in wineries and cold mountain regions.

## Growboxx

Another version is called Growboxx. It is a recycled paper bucket and should not be removed after a year. The bucket itself becomes food for the tree.
# Infrahelvetic complex

The Infrahelvetic complex is a tectonic unit in the Swiss Alps. It consists of autochthonous rocks of the former southern continental margin of the European Plate.
The Infrahelvetic complex has been overthrusted by the Helvetic nappes, that partly contain similar rocks. It crops out in the northern part of the canton of Graubünden, generally south and below the Helvetic nappes and north of the Penninic nappes.
The Infrahelvetic complex consists of Mesozoic cover rocks, most notably massive limestones from the European continental shelf. These limestones have a shallower marine facies than contemporary sediments from the Helvetic nappes since they were originally deposited north of those units. The Triassic and Permian consist of dolomites, marls and conglomerates. In contrast to the completely detached Helvetic nappes, the Infrahelvetic complex is still lying conformably on top of a Hercynian basement which forms the external massifs of the Aar and Gotthard nappes.
* This article about a regional geological feature is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Qasim Akhgar

Qasim Akhgar (Persian: قسیم اخگر) was an author, researcher, civil society activist and theorist in Afghanistan.

## Early life

Qasim Akhgar was an ethnic Qizilbash. He was born in 1951 in Wazirabad area of Kabul and received his elementary and secondary education in the same city. He was arrested and expelled from school due to participation in political demonstrations of Leftist groups. During the Taliban rule, he migrated to neighboring countries. He returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban and began his political, social and journalistic activities in Kabul.

## Death

Qasim Akhbar died on 28 January 2014 in Kabul due to a heart attack.
# Rezeda Aleyeva

Rezeda Aleyeva (born 13 December 1967) is a Kazakhstani water polo player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# The Orphan of Ellis Island

The Orphan of Ellis Island: A Time Travel Adventure is a 1997 children's novel by Elvira Woodruff.

## Plot

The events of the story take place at Ellis Island, where a boy named Dominic, is on a class trip with his new class shortly after being placed in a new foster home, and eventually finds his way into a janitorial closet. He quickly fell asleep in complete darkness in the closet. When he wakes up, there is no students or anyone he knew who came to this trip in sight. Lonely and afraid, he picks up display telephones talking to the recordings that are the voices of immigrants who talk about their lives and their journey to America. Someone answers him but whispers and all of a sudden he has been transported back in time. He finds himself in Italy in 1908 on top of a green hill where he meets new friends named Antonio (7), Salvatore (10) and Francesco Candiano who are all brothers. They are poor and have no family. Dominic is confused and asks where he is and what year it is. The boys think he has lost his memory from the earthquake that recently passed. The boys instantly become friends and have adventures, encounter danger and even deal with loss as they are on their way to America.

## Writing

Woodruff uses a combination of techniques to get accurate information for her books. She states:
   As much as I love and use books for researching historical projects, there's nothing like visiting the site of your story...I was visiting the Ellis Island Museum, researching my Orphan of Ellis Island, when I spotted a display of immigrant graffiti. My attention was drawn to what looked like a little goat with wings. That image stayed with me and not only gave me the character of Violetta, the goat in my story, but also brought the story full circle as my character scratches that image on a pillar at Ellis Island as he's waiting in line at the end of the story.
# Grouvellina cuneata

Grouvellina cuneata is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1979.
# Guzmania berteroniana

Guzmania berteroniana is a plant species in the genus Guzmania. It is native to Panama, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic but cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. It can be found in the wild at the Toro Negro State Forest in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

## Cultivars

* Guzmania 'Elaine'
* Guzmania Eliane (Elaine)
# Keith Oatley

Keith Oatley FRSC, FBPsS (16 March 1939) is an Anglo-Canadian novelist, and professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. His novel The Case of Emily V won the 1994 Commonwealth Prize for first novel.

## Life

Born in London, he was awarded a First in Psychology from the University of Cambridge, and a PhD in Psychology from University College London. He completed a post-doctoral year in Engineering in Medicine at Imperial College London. He moved to Canada in 1990.

## Works

* The Case of Emily V. Secker & Warburg. 1993. ISBN 978-0-436-32602-8.; Keith Oatley, 2007, ISBN 978-1-929355-30-3
* A natural history: a novel, Viking, 1998, ISBN 978-0-670-88167-3
* Therefore Choose, Goose Lane Editions, 2010, ISBN 978-0-86492-616-6

### Non-fiction

* Brain mechanisms and mind, Dutton, 1972
* Perceptions and representations Methuen, 1978, ISBN 978-0-416-86010-8
* Selves in relation, Methuen, 1984, ISBN 978-0-416-33630-6
* Emotions: A Brief History. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004. ISBN 978-1-4051-1315-1.
* Best laid schemes: the psychology of emotions. Cambridge University Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-521-42387-8.
* Keith Oatley; Dacher Keltner; Jennifer M. Jenkins (2006). Understanding emotions. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3103-2.
* Jennifer M. Jenkins; Keith Oatley; Nancy L. Stein, eds. (1998). Human emotions: a reader. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20748-1.
* Our Minds, Our Selves: A Brief History of Psychology. Princeton University Press. 2018. ISBN 978-0-691-17508-9.