# George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea

Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea (died between 1631 and 1657) was an undertaker in the Plantation of Ulster. Born and bred in Scotland, by 1611 he had moved to Ireland with his Scottish wife to occupy his plantation grant. In 1630 he married his second wife and moved to Roscrea in southern Ireland, which his father-in-law, the 11th Earl of Ormond, leased to him in lieu of dowry.
Thomas Carte (1736) in his Life of James Duke of Ormonde confused Hamilton with his nephew Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet of Donalong, leading to the belief that Mary Hamilton, the duke's sister and mother of Antoine Hamilton, the author of the Mémoires du Comte de Grammont, stayed at Roscrea when it was captured by Owen Roe O'Neill in 1646 during the Irish Confederate Wars.
Family tree :
| | | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault | | | Margaret Douglas | Margaret Douglas | Margaret Douglas | Margaret Douglas | Margaret Douglas | Margaret Douglas | | | | | | | | | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 | George Lord Seton 1531–1586 |
| James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 | | | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 | | | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 | | | Margaret Seton d. 1616 | Margaret Seton d. 1616 | Margaret Seton d. 1616 | Margaret Seton d. 1616 | Margaret Seton d. 1616 | Margaret Seton d. 1616 |
| | | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | James 1st Earl Abercorn 1575–1618 | | | Isobel Leslie | Isobel Leslie | Isobel Leslie | Isobel Leslie | Isobel Leslie | Isobel Leslie | | | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 | | | Mary Butler | Mary Butler | Mary Butler | Mary Butler | Mary Butler | Mary Butler |
| James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 | | | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | George Hamilton 1st Baronet c. 1608 – 1679 | | | Mary Butler d. 1680 | Mary Butler d. 1680 | Mary Butler d. 1680 | Mary Butler d. 1680 | Mary Butler d. 1680 | Mary Butler d. 1680 | | | James Hamilton d. 1659 | James Hamilton d. 1659 | James Hamilton d. 1659 | James Hamilton d. 1659 | James Hamilton d. 1659 | James Hamilton d. 1659 |
| XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Earls of Abercorn | Earls of Abercorn | Earls of Abercorn | Earls of Abercorn | Earls of Abercorn | Earls of Abercorn | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Earls of Arran | Earls of Arran | Earls of Arran | Earls of Arran | Earls of Arran | Earls of Arran | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Marquesses of Hamilton | Marquesses of Hamilton | Marquesses of Hamilton | Marquesses of Hamilton | Marquesses of Hamilton | Marquesses of Hamilton |

## Birth and origins

George was born between 1575 and 1590, probably at Paisley in Renfrewshire in the west of Scotland, the fourth son of Claud Hamilton and his wife Margaret Seton. His father was on 24 July 1587 created Lord Paisley. His paternal grandfather (died 1575) had been the 2nd Earl of Arran in the Peerage of Scotland and Duke of Châtellerault in the Kingdom of France. His father's family descended from Walter FitzGilbert, the founder of the House of Hamilton, who had received the barony of Cadzow from Robert the Bruce in the 14th century.
George's mother was a daughter of George Seton, 7th Lord Seton. His parents had married in 1574 at Niddry Castle, West Lothian, Scotland. Both sides of the family were Scottish, Catholic, and supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots. His father and his father-in-law had both fought for her at Langside in 1568. George was one of six siblings. See James, Claud, and Frederick.

## First marriage

Between 1602 and 1609, Hamilton married Isobel Leslie, his first wife. She was Scottish, the widow of Robert Lundie of Newhall in Fife. Their marriage date is constrained by her first husband's death in October 1602 and a document of 1609 that mentions her as Hamilton's wife. Isobel was the second daughter of James Leslie and his first wife, Margaret Lindsay. As her father predeceased her grandfather, the 5th Earl of Rothes, her father never succeeded to the earldom but was known by the courtesy title "Master of Rothes". The Leslies were Protestants, but her grandfather fought for the Queen at Langside. Neither of Isobel's marriages produced surviving children.

## Plantation of Ulster

The Flight of the Earls in 1607 cleared the way for the Plantation of Ulster. Like his elder brothers James and Claud, George was an undertaker in the plantation. In 1610 he received a "proportion" of land in the Strabane "precinct", which corresponds to the modern baronies of Strabane Lower and Strabane Upper. His eldest brother, James, 1st Earl of Abercorn, was the chief undertaker in this precinct. By 1611, Hamilton had, according to the Carew Report, moved to Ireland and was living on his Irish lands with his wife and family. The report calls him a knight. When his elder brother Claud (of Shawfield) died in 1614, George took, in addition to his own, charge of Claud's proportions Eden (formerly called Teadane) and Killiny.
According to Nicholas Pynnar's survey in 1619, Hamilton owned Largie, a middle proportion (1,500 acres), and Derrywoon, a small proportion (1000 acres). Largie lay between the proportions Strabane and Donalong, which belonged to his eldest brother. Hamilton had built a stone house and bawn as well as a village on Largie. The modern villages of Artigarvan and Ballymagorry stand on it. There is a townland called Greenlaw next to Ballymagorry. Derrywoon lay further south on the lower River Derg. Hamilton had built a bawn as well as a village on it. Derrywoon includes the modern Baronscourt estate. Jointly with Sir William Stewart, Hamilton owned a middle proportion called Terremurearth, Tirenemurtagh, or Moynterlemy that had in 1611 belonged to a certain James Hayg.

## Second marriage and child

In 1630, Hamilton married as his second wife Lady Mary Butler, sixth daughter of the 11th Earl of Ormond. The dowry was fixed at £1,800. However, Ormond had difficulties to pay and in 1631 he agreed to let Hamilton enjoy the manor, castle, town, and lands of Roscrea for a duration of 21 years as a part payment of the dowry.
George and Mary had an only surviving child:
* James (died 1659), who never married

## Roscrea attacked

On 5 June 1646 Owen Roe O'Neil with the Confederate Ulster army defeated the Covenanters under Robert Monro in the Battle of Benburb. O'Neill then marched south to Kilkenny as directed by Rinuccini, the papal nuncio. Leinster and Munster were treated as enemy territory. On 17 September 1646, O'Neill attacked and captured Roscrea where Hamilton's family lived. The Ulstermen spared them but put everybody else to the sword. On 18 September, Rinuccini overturned the Confederate government in a coup d'état with help of the Ulster Army, which Owen Roe O'Neill had marched to Leinster. O'Neill then menaced Dublin in November 1646.

## Death and timeline

Hamilton died between 1631 and 1657, probably in the early or mid 1640s. When O'Neill took Roscrea, Hamilton was therefore probably already dead, otherwise he might have been absent for some reason. He was survived by his son James, who would, however, die unmarried in 1659.
Timeline :
| As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background. |||
| Age | Date | Event |
| 0 | Estimated 1582 | Born |
| 20–21 | 24 Mar 1603 | Accession of James VI and I, succeeding Elizabeth I |
| 21–22 | 15 Oct 1604 | Sir Arthur Chichester appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland |
| 23–24 | Betw. 1602 & 1609 | Married Isobel Leslie |
| 24–25 | 4 Sep 1607 | Flight of the earls: Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and Rory O'Donnell, Earl of Tyrconnell, left Ireland. |
| 31–32 | 19 Oct 1614 | Elder brother, Claud Hamilton of Shawfield, died. |
| 32–33 | 2 Jul 1615 | Oliver St John, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland |
| 42–43 | 27 Mar 1625 | Accession of Charles I, succeeding James I |
| 47–48 | 1630 | Married Mary Butler as his 2nd wife |
| 48–49 | 16 Apr 1631 | Was granted Roscrea for 21 years |
| 50–51 | 18 Feb 1633 | Father-in-law, Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond, died. |
| 50–51 | 3 Jul 1633 | Thomas Wentworth, later Earl of Strafford, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland |
| 58–59 | 23 Oct 1641 | Outbreak of the Rebellion |
| 60–61 | 13 Nov 1643 | James Butler, 1st Marquess of Ormond appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland |
| 63–64 | 5 Jun 1646 | Battle of Benburb |
| 63–64 | 17 Sep 1646 | Wife (or widow?) spared at the taking of Roscrea Castle. |
| 63–64 | Betw. 1631 & 1657 | Probably died in the early or mid 1640s |