OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sigvard Marjasin

Mauritz Sigvard Marjasin (24 November 1929 – 24 January 2021) was a Swedish official and union official. He was chairman of the Swedish Municipal Workers' Union 1977–1988 and governor of Örebro County 1989–1994. He died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.

## Background

Marjasin went to seven-year primary school. After graduation, he held several jobs, including courier, charcutier, sailor, and commis, and had various jobs in hotels. He also did union work and took courses that eventually lead to a Bachelor of Social Services, after which he worked as the administrator of a union night school.
He volunteered for Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Marjasin was active in the Municipal Workers' Union 1963–1988, first as ombudsman 1963–1967, as education secretary 1967–1978, and as union chairman 1978–1988. As chairman, Marjasin was active and outgoing. He often appeared in media as well as in debates and rallies. He earned a reputation for his quick replies, and was sought after as an interviewee in the press, where his statements were often given negative attention. He made himself known for his fierce opposition to privatization, especially in child care.
Marjasin was governor of Örebro County from 1989 to 1994. During this time, he took the initiative for the renovation of Örebro Castle which was carried out in the years 1992–1993.
Upon his retirement in 1994, he was appointed chairman of the newly created Granskningskommissionen, a council reviewing the police investigation of the assassination of prime minister Olof Palme. He held this position until 1996.
In 1996, Marjasin was suspected of having submitted manipulated receipts and double invoicing expenses during his time as governor. He was charged with breach of trust, fraud, and repression of records. Marjasin commented on the indictment, saying he had acted "clumsily, but not unethically or criminally". In the end, Marjasin was completely acquitted by the court, where the verdict clarified that Marjasin had no accountability at all. In connection with the indictment, Sigvard Marjasin was subjected to extensive media coverage. The media attention was most intense during the summer of 1996, when Marjasin, with regard to the ongoing police investigation, did not want or could not speak to the press.
# Ardozyga tetraploa

Ardozyga tetraploa is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria.
The wingspan is about 15 mm (0.59 in). The forewings are dark fuscous with a very broad ochreous-white transverse fascia extending from near the base to one-third and with an ochreous-white costal dot beyond the middle, as well as a rather narrow ochreous-white inwards-curved fascia from two-thirds of the costa to before the tornus. The hindwings are grey, darker towards apex.
# Ardozyga tetralychna

Ardozyga tetralychna is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1902. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria and New South Wales.
The wingspan is about 17 mm (0.67 in). The forewings are dark fuscous, with a slight purplish tinge and a small yellow-ochreous spot at the base in the middle. The stigmata are small, white, the plical obliquely beyond the first discal. There is a row of small white dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are grey.
# Silo Tower Basel

The Silo Tower of Basel is located in the Swiss city of Basel, in the Rhine harbour of Kleinhueningen, near the Dreiländereck. The silo tower was built in 1923 by a Swiss shipping company. Its viewing platform stands at a height of 52 metres (about 160 feet), which offers a view of the Rhine, the Rhine harbour, the city of Basel, and the Sundgauer hill country. In the distance, one may appreciate details in Germany and France. To this end, panoramic maps and telescopes are available to visitors.
# Silvanoprus

Silvanoprus is a genus of beetles in the family Silvanidae, containing the following species:

## Species

* Silvanoprus angusticollis Reitter
* Silvanoprus birmanicus Grouvelle
* Silvanoprus cephalotes Reitter
* Silvanoprus desaegeri Lefkovitch
* Silvanoprus distinguendus Sen Gupta & Pal
* Silvanoprus fagi Guerin
* Silvanoprus feae Grouvelle
* Silvanoprus frater Grouvelle
* Silvanoprus indicus Pal & Sen Gupta
* Silvanoprus insidiosus Grouvelle
* Silvanoprus longicollis Reitter
* Silvanoprus orientalis Grouvelle
* Silvanoprus parallelocollis Reitter
* Silvanoprus porrectus Walker
* Silvanoprus scuticollis Walker
* Silvanoprus sikhotensis Krivolutskaja
* Silvanoprus tenuicollis Grouvelle
# Çamlıdere, Vezirköprü

Çamlıdere (formerly: Danabaş) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Vezirköprü, Samsun Province, Turkey. Its population is 102 (2022).
# New Court

New Court (also known as The Rothschild Headquarters) is a collection of proximate buildings in London having served as the global headquarters of the Rothschild investment bank since 1809. The current building is the fourth incarnation of the Rothschild offices at the same street address. Until 2004, the world price of gold was fixed daily at this building.

## 1809 to 1868: First incarnation and early history

After leaving Frankfurt, Nathan Mayer Rothschild needed a location where he could build his banking business and continue his merchant activities as well as house his family. Rothschild acquired a lease at No. 2 New Court Street, St Swithin's Lane in 1809.
In 1824 at New Court, Nathan Mayer Rothschild and company formed Alliance Assurance (later becoming Royal & Sun Alliance, and today known as RSA Insurance Group)."

## 1868 to 1962: Second incarnation

Lionel de Rothschild (who had succeeded his father Nathan in 1838 as head of the firm) hired architect Thomas Marsh Nelson to design a building in the Italianate style which was completed in 1868.

### Beginning of gold fixing

On 12 September 1919, New Court became the location where the global price of gold was fixed.

### Second World War

During Second World War, The Rothschild bank moved much of its staff to the Rothschild estate at Tring Park. In a 1941 Nazi air raid, St Swithin's Lane was struck with many buildings being damaged.

## 1962 to 2011: Third incarnation

As the firm continued to see growth, it again outgrew New Court. Although the idea of extending the buildings vertically was posed, the Rothschild family ultimately decided to develop a new office. Rothschild chose Fitzroy Robinson & Partners as architects for a building which was completed in 1962.

## 2011 to present: Fourth incarnation

By the early twenty-first century, the Rothschild Bank had again outgrown the buildings. Architect Rem Koolhaas of OMA was selected to design the new headquarters for Rothschild which was completed in 2011.
# Allium elmaliense

Allium elmaliense is a species of onion endemic to Antalya Province in southwestern Turkey. It has spherical to egg-shaped bulbs up to 3 cm in diameter. Stipe is up to 30 cm tall. Flowers are fragrant; tepals are white with green midveins.
# Menceyato of Güímar

Güímar was one of nine menceyatos (native Guanche kingdoms) on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) at the time of the arrival of the Castilian conquerors. It controlled an area significantly greater than the actual municipality of Güímar, including part of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de La Laguna, El Rosario, Candelaria, Arafo and Fasnia, himself and perhaps a small part of the town of Arico.
Güímar was the site of the appearance of the image of the Virgin of Candelaria (patroness of the Canary Islands). Hence, this city played an important role in the evangelization of the whole archipelago. Around 1450 a hermitage formed by three friars led by Alfonso de Bolaños, considered the "Apostle of Tenerife," was founded in the area of the modern city of Candelaria. These friars lived among the Guanches, speaking their language and baptizing many of them. This mission would last nearly until the beginning of the conquest.
It is believed that the first mencey of Güímar could have been Acaymo, later succeeded by his son Añaterve. The latter would reign at the time of the conquest of Tenerife by Alonso Fernandez de Lugo.
# Pashto TV

Pashto TV is a Pashto-language family television channel based in Afghanistan and launched in 2010. It is owned by Liwal limited. The programs are based on the principles of the Pashtun people's code of life. The main office of Pashto TV is located in Kabul, Afghanistan.
The channel is part of the Afghan Choice bouquet of channels. The channel is available on satellite to the Pashtun population of Asia and the Middle East. It is also freely available through internet on Ustream.

## Funding and support

Noor Rahman Liwal, an Afghan entrepreneur and philanthropist, and his family, are the investors in Pashto TV. Other sources of income include sale of broadcast content, Liwal Distance School Subscription, advertising, broadcasting services.

## Shows

The channel broadcasts educational and mostly talk shows. The following is a list of notable shows:
| Name | Type |
| De Aka Milma | Comedy |
| De Aonai Hindara | News |
| Den aow Dunia | Religious |
| Liwal Distance School | Educational |
| Nananai Shanana | Political |
| Pashto Adabi Dera | Poetry/Shairi |
| Pighamoona | Messages from Audience |
| Yaw chak chak | Comedy |

## Awards

2011 - Pashto TV and LDS (Liwal Distance School) were both nominated and won the manthan award in the category of E-EDUCATION & LEARNING in the year 2011.
2012 Special Mention Award, EUTELSAT TV AWARD 2012 in category Culture/Documentaries. In 2012 Pashto TV received special mention awarded in category Culture/Documentaries, there were more than 120 Participating Channels and about 20 in Culture/Documentaries, among the participants the Farsi1 sister channel of Lamar and Tolo TV.
N.R.Liwal, President Pashto TV profiled as Leader in Digital Media 2012 by Digital TV Europe, The Euro50 Special Issue
A special issue of Digital TV Europe that reflects and honours the achievements of individuals working across the pay-TV and broadband industries. An annual publication that's now in its eleventh year, the Euro50 celebrates those who have demonstrated outstanding leadership and vision in their fields and made a significant contribution to the strength of their organisation or the industry itself.
It has become the definitive “who’s who” of the year's most influential people in the broadband and pay-TV industries.
# Louise Michel (biography)

Louise Michel is a 1971 biography of Louise Michel by Édith Thomas. Originally published by Gallimard in French, Penelope Williams translated the biography into English in 1980.
# 1990 European Athletics Championships – Men's long jump

These are the official results of the Men's long jump event at the 1990 European Championships in Split, Yugoslavia, held at Stadion Poljud on 29 and 30 August 1990. There were a total number of 22 participating athletes.

## Medalists

| Gold | Dietmar Haaf West Germany (FRG) |
| Silver | Ángel Hernández Spain (ESP) |
| Bronze | Borut Bilač Yugoslavia (YUG) |

## Results
### Final

30 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Dietmar Haaf | West Germany | 8.25 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| | Ángel Hernández | Spain | 8.15 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| | Borut Bilač$^†$ | Yugoslavia | 8.09 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 4 | Frans Maas | Netherlands | 8.00 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 5 | Vladimir Ratushkov | Soviet Union | 7.99 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 6 | Jarmo Kärnä | Finland | 7.95 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 7 | Giovanni Evangelisti | Italy | 7.93 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 8 | Bogdan Tudor | Romania | 7.86 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 9 | Siniša Ergotić | Yugoslavia | 7.83 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 10 | Konstadinos Koukodimos | Greece | 7.79 (w: -0.4 m/s) |
| 11 | Mark Forsythe | United Kingdom | 7.79 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
| 12 | Christian Thomas | West Germany | 7.74 (w: 0.0 m/s) |
$^†$: Bronze medalist Borut Bilač from Yugoslavia was initially disqualified for a suspected infringement of IAAF doping rules, but was later cleared of the charges and reinstated.

### Qualification

29 August

#### Group A

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Siniša Ergotić | Yugoslavia | 7.99 w (w: 2.4 m/s) | Q |
| 2 | Mark Forsythe | United Kingdom | 7.91 (w: 1.4 m/s) | Q |
| 3 | Christian Thomas | West Germany | 7.90 (w: 1.5 m/s) | Q |
| 4 | Konstadinos Koukodimos | Greece | 7.90 w (w: 2.2 m/s) | Q |
| 5 | André Müller | East Germany | 7.85 (w: 1.4 m/s) | |
| 6 | Juha Kivi | Finland | 7.70 (w: -1.8 m/s) | |
| 7 | Jean-Louis Rapnouil | France | 7.68 (w: 1.7 m/s) | |
| 8 | Fausto Frigerio | Italy | 7.62 (w: 1.3 m/s) | |
| 9 | Milko Campus | Italy | 7.57 (w: 1.8 m/s) | |
| | Robert Emmiyan | Soviet Union | NM | |
| | Nenad Stekić | Yugoslavia | NM | |

#### Group B

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Jarmo Kärnä | Finland | 8.13 (w: 1.6 m/s) | Q |
| 2 | Frans Maas | Netherlands | 8.04 (w: 1.3 m/s) | Q |
| 3 | Dietmar Haaf | West Germany | 8.04 (w: 0.6 m/s) | Q |
| 4 | Borut Bilač | Yugoslavia | 8.02 (w: 1.1 m/s) | Q |
| 5 | Bogdan Tudor | Romania | 8.02 (w: 1.8 m/s) | Q |
| 6 | Ángel Hernández | Spain | 8.00 (w: 1.5 m/s) | Q |
| 7 | Vladimir Ratushkov | Soviet Union | 7.93 (w: 1.1 m/s) | Q |
| 8 | Giovanni Evangelisti | Italy | 7.91 (w: 0.9 m/s) | Q |
| 9 | Stewart Faulkner | United Kingdom | 7.48 w (w: 2.4 m/s) | |
| 10 | Daniel Ivanov | Bulgaria | 7.41 (w: 1.5 m/s) | |
| 11 | Carlos Castelbranco | Portugal | 6.96 (w: -0.3 m/s) | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.
* Bulgaria (1)
* East Germany (1)
* Finland (2)
* France (1)
* Greece (1)
* Italy (3)
* Netherlands (1)
* Portugal (1)
* Romania (1)
* Soviet Union (2)
* Spain (1)
* United Kingdom (2)
* West Germany (2)
* Yugoslavia (3)
# Menceyato of Abona

Abona was one of nine menceyatos (native Guanche kingdoms) that has divided the island of Tenerife after the death of mencey Tinerfe, in the days before the conquest of the islands by the Crown of Castile.
It extended over the municipalities Fasnia, Arico, Granadilla de Abona, San Miguel de Abona, Vilaflor as well as part of Arona. Its menceys were Atguaxoña and Adxoña (or Adjona).
# Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1946–1948

This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 23 November 1946 election and the 21 August 1948 election. The Nationalist Party had dissolved and its members had joined the new Liberal Party by the time of the election.
| Name | Party | Division | Years in office |
| Alexander Atkins | Labor | Bass | 1946–1948; 1956–1972 |
| Charles Atkins | Liberal | Denison | 1941–1948 |
| Charley Aylett | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Bill Beattie | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1950; 1954–1979 |
| Angus Bethune | Liberal | Wilmot | 1946–1975 |
| Carrol Bramich | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Hon Edward Brooker | Labor | Franklin | 1934–1948 |
| John Harold Brown | Labor | Franklin | 1948 |
| Neil Campbell | Liberal | Wilmot | 1922–1955 |
| Jack Chamberlain | Liberal | Darwin | 1934–1951 |
| Hon Robert Cosgrove | Labor | Denison | 1919–1922; 1925–1931; 1934–1958 |
| Charles Culley | Labor | Denison | 1922–1928; 1934–1948 |
| John Dwyer | Labor | Franklin | 1931–1962 |
| Hon Roy Fagan | Labor | Wilmot | 1946–1974 |
| John Fidler | Liberal | Darwin | 1946–1956 |
| George Gray | Independent | Franklin | 1946–1950 |
| Hon Eric Howroyd | Labor | Bass | 1937–1950; 1958–1959 |
| Tim Jackson | Liberal | Franklin | 1946–1964 |
| Henry McFie | Liberal/Independent | Darwin | 1925–1934; 1941–1948 |
| Hon John Madden | Labor | Bass | 1936–1956; 1957–1969 |
| Fred Marriott | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Bill Neilson | Labor | Franklin | 1946–1977 |
| Peter Pike | Labor | Wilmot | 1943–1949 |
| Hon Eric Reece | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1975 |
| Lancelot Spurr | Labor | Wilmot | 1941–1956 |
| Horace Strutt | Liberal | Denison | 1946–1959; 1959–1969 |
| Rex Townley | Independent | Denison | 1946–1965 |
| Dr Reg Turnbull | Labor | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Hon Alfred White | Labor | Denison | 1941–1959 |
| Reg Wright | Liberal | Franklin | 1946–1949 |
| Robert Robertson | Liberal | Wilmot | 1946–1950 |
# Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1955–1956

This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 19 February 1955 election and the 13 October 1956 election.
| Name | Party | Division | Years in office |
| Charley Aylett | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Claude Barnard | Labor | Bass | 1950–1957 |
| Bill Beattie | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1950; 1954–1979 |
| Amelia Best | Liberal | Wilmot | 1955–1956; 1958–1959 |
| Charles Best | Liberal | Wilmot | 1950–1958 |
| Angus Bethune | Liberal | Wilmot | 1946–1975 |
| Carrol Bramich | Labor/Liberal | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Jack Breheny | Liberal | Darwin | 1951–1972 |
| Douglas Cashion | Labor | Wilmot | 1949–1972 |
| Hon Robert Cosgrove | Labor | Denison | 1919–1922; 1925–1931; 1934–1958 |
| Hon John Dwyer | Labor | Franklin | 1931–1962 |
| Hon Roy Fagan | Labor | Wilmot | 1946–1974 |
| John Fidler | Liberal | Darwin | 1946–1956 |
| Dr John Gaha | Labor | Denison | 1950–1964 |
| Hon Charles Hand | Labor | Franklin | 1948–1956 |
| Bill Hodgman | Liberal | Denison | 1955–1964 |
| Tim Jackson | Liberal | Franklin | 1946–1964 |
| Kevin Lyons | Liberal | Darwin | 1948–1972 |
| Hon John Madden | Labor | Bass | 1936–1956; 1957–1969 |
| Fred Marriott | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Mabel Miller | Liberal | Franklin | 1955–1964 |
| Bill Neilson | Labor | Franklin | 1946–1977 |
| Thomas Pearsall | Liberal | Franklin | 1950–1966 |
| Hon Eric Reece | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1975 |
| Lancelot Spurr | Labor | Wilmot | 1941–1956 |
| John Steer | Liberal | Bass | 1950–1961; 1964–1968 |
| Horace Strutt | Liberal | Denison | 1946–1959; 1959–1969 |
| Rex Townley | Liberal | Denison | 1946–1965 |
| Hon Dr Reg Turnbull | Labor | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Hon Alfred White | Labor | Franklin | 1941–1959 |

## Sources

* Hughes, Colin A.; Graham, B. D. (1976). Voting for the South Australian, Western Australian and Tasmanian Lower Houses, 1890-1964. Canberra: Australian National University. ISBN 0-7081-1334-6.
* Parliament of Tasmania (2006). The Parliament of Tasmania from 1856
# Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1941–1946

This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 13 December 1941 election and the 23 November 1946 election. The term was elongated due to World War II.
| Name | Party | Division | Years in office |
| Charles Atkins | Nationalist | Franklin | 1941–1948 |
| Henry Baker | Nationalist | Franklin | 1928–1946 |
| Hon Edward Brooker | Labor | Franklin | 1934–1948 |
| James Bugg | Labor | Darwin | 1941–1946 |
| Neil Campbell | Nationalist | Wilmot | 1922–1955 |
| Jack Chamberlain | Nationalist | Darwin | 1934–1951 |
| Hon Robert Cosgrove | Labor | Denison | 1919–1922; 1925–1931; 1934–1958 |
| Hon Charles Culley | Labor | Denison | 1922–1928; 1934–1948 |
| Hon Thomas d'Alton | Labor | Darwin | 1931–1944 |
| Hon Thomas Davies | Labor | Bass | 1929–1942 |
| John Dwyer | Labor | Franklin | 1931–1962 |
| Hon Edmund Dwyer-Gray | Labor | Denison | 1928–1945 |
| Robert Harvey | Nationalist | Denison | 1946 |
| Francis Heerey | Labor | Denison | 1937–1941; 1945–1946 |
| Henry Hope | Labor | Franklin | 1941–1946; 1948–1950 |
| Hon Eric Howroyd | Labor | Bass | 1937–1950; 1958–1959 |
| Philip Kelly | Labor | Darwin | 1922–1946 |
| Henry Lane | Labor | Darwin | 1926–1928; 1937–1946 |
| Hon Sir Walter Lee | Nationalist | Wilmot | 1909–1946 |
| John McDonald | Labor | Bass | 1934–1945 |
| Henry McFie | Nationalist | Darwin | 1925–1934; 1941–1948 |
| Thomas McKinley | Labor | Franklin | 1941–1946 |
| Hon Sir John McPhee | Nationalist | Franklin | 1919–1934; 1941–1946 |
| Hon John Madden | Labor | Bass | 1936–1956; 1957–1969 |
| Frank Marriott | Nationalist | Bass | 1922–1946 |
| John Ockerby | Nationalist/Independent | Bass | 1928–1946 |
| David O'Keefe | Labor | Wilmot | 1934–1943 |
| Peter Pike | Labor | Wilmot | 1943–1949 |
| John Quintal | Labor | Bass | 1942–1946 |
| Michael Adye Smith | Labor | Darwin | 1944–1946 |
| John Soundy | Nationalist | Denison | 1925–1946 |
| Lancelot Spurr | Labor | Wilmot | 1941–1956 |
| Hon William Taylor | Labor | Wilmot | 1940–1946 |
| Alan Welsh | Labor | Bass | 1945–1946 |
| Ernest West | Labor | Wilmot | 1941–1946 |
| Alfred White | Labor | Franklin | 1941–1959 |
# Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1948–1950

This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly between the 21 August 1948 election and the 6 May 1950 election.
| Name | Party | Division | Years in office |
| Charley Aylett | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Bill Beattie | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1950; 1954–1979 |
| Angus Bethune | Liberal | Wilmot | 1946–1975 |
| Carrol Bramich | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1964 |
| Neil Campbell | Liberal | Wilmot | 1922–1955 |
| Douglas Cashion | Labor | Wilmot | 1949–1972 |
| Jack Chamberlain | Liberal | Darwin | 1934–1951 |
| Hon Robert Cosgrove | Labor | Denison | 1919–1922; 1925–1931; 1934–1958 |
| Hon John Dwyer | Labor | Franklin | 1931–1962 |
| Hon Roy Fagan | Labor | Wilmot | 1946–1974 |
| John Fidler | Liberal | Darwin | 1946–1956 |
| George Gray | Independent | Franklin | 1946–1950 |
| Charles Hand | Labor | Franklin | 1948–1956 |
| Henry Hope | Labor | Denison | 1941–1946; 1948–1950 |
| Hon Eric Howroyd | Labor | Bass | 1937–1950; 1958–1959 |
| Tim Jackson | Liberal | Franklin | 1946–1964 |
| Kevin Lyons | Liberal | Darwin | 1948–1972 |
| Hon John Madden | Labor | Bass | 1936–1956; 1957–1969 |
| Fred Marriott | Liberal | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Bill Neilson | Labor | Franklin | 1946–1977 |
| John Orchard | Liberal | Bass | 1948–1954 |
| Archibald Park | Liberal | Franklin | 1949–1955; 1959 |
| Peter Pike | Labor | Wilmot | 1943–1949 |
| Hon Eric Reece | Labor | Darwin | 1946–1975 |
| Robert Robertson | Liberal | Wilmot | 1946–1950 |
| Lancelot Spurr | Labor | Wilmot | 1941–1956 |
| Horace Strutt | Liberal | Denison | 1946–1959; 1959–1969 |
| Rex Townley | Independent/Liberal | Denison | 1946–1965 |
| Hon Dr Reg Turnbull | Labor | Bass | 1946–1961 |
| Bill Wedd | Independent | Denison | 1948–1953; 1959–1964 |
| Hon Alfred White | Labor | Franklin | 1941–1959 |
| Reg Wright | Liberal | Franklin | 1946–1949 |
# Menno T. Kamminga

Menno Tjeerd Kamminga (born 1949) is a Dutch international law scholar and emeritus Professor of International Law at Maastricht University, known for work in the field of Human Rights treaties, obligations accountability, and universal jurisdiction.
Kamminga graduated from Groningen University in 1973, and another master's degree in international law and international relations from The Fletcher School at Tufts University in 1974. In 1978 he started as a Legal Adviser at the International Secretariat of Amnesty International in London, where he served until 1987.
Kamminga obtained his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1990, with the thesis Inter-State Accountability of Violation of Human Rights, published by the University of Pennsylvania. Manfred Nowak (1994) wrote that Kamminga "dealt with one of the most difficult and controversial question of human rights law: the antagonistic relationship between the international protection of human rights and the principle of non-intervention into internal affairs of sovereign states."
Kamminga started out at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, where he was a senior lecturer in International Law from 1987 until 2000. He then moved to Maastricht University, where he was a Professor of International Law and Director of the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights until 2014.

## Publications, a selection

* Kamminga, Menno T. (1992). Inter-State Accountability of Violation of Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania, U.S.: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 19–198. ISBN 978-0-8122-3176-2.
* Menno Kamminga and Martin Scheinin (eds.): The Impact of Human Rights Law on General International Law. Oxford University Press 2009