OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerard O'Neill

Gerard Michael O'Neill (September 1, 1942 – August 22, 2019) was an American journalist, newspaper editor, and writer. A long time investigative reporter for The Boston Globe, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting three times.

## Life and career

Born in Boston, O'Neill graduated from Stoughton High School and Stonehill College; earning a degree in English at the latter institution in 1964. He attended George Washington University Law School before earning a master's degree in journalism from Boston University in 1970. For 35 years he was an investigative reporter and editor for The Boston Globe, and was notably one of the three original reporters on the Globe's " Spotlight" team. He was first awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting in 1970 for a major investigation of corruption in Somerville, Massachusetts; an award he would receive two more times during his career.
O'Neill's most notable piece of investigative reporting was in 1988 when he and journalist Dick Lehr published a story revealing that mobster Whitey Bulger was an FBI informant while still actively committing crimes. The two men would go on to write three books together, including two about Black Mass: The Irish Mob, the FBI, and a Devil’s Deal (2000) and Whitey: The Life of America’s Most Notorious Mob Boss (2013). The former book was an Edgar Award winner, and was made into a 2015 movie starring Johnny Depp as Bulger.
O'Neill died on August 22, 2019, from interstitial lung disease at his home in Needham, Massachusetts, a close-in suburb of Boston.

## Works

* Lehr, Dick; O'Neill, Gerard (August 6, 2008). The Underboss: The Rise and Fall of a Mafia Family. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-0-7867-2550-2.
* Lehr, Dick; O'Neill, Gerard (May 22, 2012). Black Mass: Whitey Bulger, the FBI, and a Devil's Deal. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-168-9.
* Lehr, Dick; O'Neill, Gerard (August 27, 2013). Whitey: The Life of America's Most Notorious Mob Boss. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-98655-9.
* Lehr, Dick; O'Neill, Gerard (2015). Black Mass: Der verhängnisvolle Pakt zwischen dem FBI und Whitey Bulger, einem der gefährlichsten Gangster der US-Geschichte (German Edition)
# Hemidactylus pfindaensis

Hemidactylus pfindaensis is a species of gecko. It is endemic to Angola.
# Get Growing

Get Growing is a New Zealand gardening television program. The program focuses on giving gardens complete makeovers. It premiered on Choice TV on 17 October 2014. A second series aired.
# Gerd Grønvold Saue

Gerd Grønvold Saue (20 January 1930 – 22 June 2022) was a Norwegian journalist, literary critic, novelist, hymnwriter, and peace activist. Her authorship mainly comprised novels, many of which convey her Christian views.

## Biography

She grew up in Lillestrøm, got a cand.mag. degree, and worked many years as a journalist. She spent the years 1954 to 1966 in the weekly magazine Familien, has worked freelance for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and Arbeiderbladet. and been a literary critic in Arbeiderbladet, Vårt Land and Stavanger Aftenblad.
For Familien she wrote several portrait interviews, some of which were collected and published in 1964. She made her literary fiction debut in 1965, with the novel Algirsk vår ('Algerian Spring'). Her 2001 book Elsket og foraktet ('Loved and Loathed') was about Jane Addams, and her 1991 release Fredsfurien ('The Peace Furie') was a biographical novel of Bertha von Suttner. Saue was particularly interested in Suttner's impact on the Nobel Peace Prize. Saue herself served as president of the Norwegian Peace Council and a member of the board of the International Peace Bureau. She chaired the International Fellowship of Reconciliation, Norway from 1965 to 1982 and the Christian Socialists of Norway from 1985 to 1989. She joined the latter organization as early as in 1949.
She also wrote hymns, and is one of the most prolific female hymn writers in Norway. In 1999 she won a millennial hymn competition organized by the Church of Norway. She has been a board member of the Norwegian Authors' Union and the Norwegian Critics' Association.
She lived in Ski.
# Helichrysum pumilum

Helichrysum pumilum, commonly known as dwarf everlasting, is a rosette herb from the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Tasmania, where it is commonly found in the West and Southwest of the island state. It is distinctive by its inflorescence, with the flower stalk being densely matted in fine white hairs and the daisy-like flower head having numerous pink or white ray floret-like bracts.

## Description

Helichrysum pumilum grows as a low tufted, perennial herb reaching around 10 cm tall. Leaves are linear to spathulate in shape, 15-50mm long and 1-5mm wide with revolute margins. They are grouped in a rosette and arise from the base of the plant. The variety spathulatum has shorter, more spathulate leaves, whilst the leaves of var.pumilum are longer and more linear. Arising from the basally sheathing leaves is an inflorescence containing a white, woolly scape with few leaf-like bracts, 20-100mm long. Forming a rosette around the flower head are elliptic to linear shaped bracts, or phyllaries, resembling the look of ray florets. Outer bracts mostly white in colour but can be streaked with pink, inner bracts are white or pink. The florets are in the form of corolla tubes in the pseudanthium, they are numerous and pink to purple in colour. Flowers in Summer, between December and February.
This plant can be mistaken for Celmisia saxifraga but the heads lack ray florets and the leaves are not silvery and hairy above.

## Taxonomy

Helichrysum pumilum was originally described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in his book from the Ross expedition named 'The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror, in the Years 1839-1843, Under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Part III. In his original description, Hooker noted H.pumilum as the smallest of the Helichrysum species and described the possible existence of a broader leaved form of the plant, which he called var β. A.M Buchanan later recognized this different form as distinct at the variant level, designating it the name Helichrysum pumilum var.spathulatum.

## Distribution and habitat

Endemic to Tasmania, Helichrysum pumilum grows mostly in the West and Southwest of the state. Seemingly rare sightings have been recorded in the East of the state. The range of H. somalense extends from buttongrass plains to sub-alpine areas, even to the slopes or summits of mountain ranges. The originally described variety, somalense, is mostly confined to the low nutrient, peaty soils of buttongrass plains, occasionally creeping into sub-alpine areas. The variety described by A.M Buchanan, spathulatum, is more confined to the mountainous alpine areas of the West and Southwest, growing in shallow, skeletal soils.

## Ecology

Along with various other seeds and flowers of low moorland or sedge-land plains, Helichrysum pumilum is an important food source for the critically endangered Orange-bellied parrot. This small, migratory parrot feasts on the flowers of H. pumilum towards the end of their breeding season, between late summer and early autumn.
# Helichrysum rupestre

Helichrysum rupestre is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae.

## Morphology

It is a perennial, bushy plant, up to 40 cm tall, covered with a thick whitish down.
The stem, woody at the base, has a thick ascending ramification, with linear leaves, about 4 cm long, tomentose, spaced out on the stem and terminal inflorescences in flower heads.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in western Mediterranean countries: Spain (including the Balearic Islands), southern Italy, Sardinia and Sicily, and Maghreb countries.
It thrives on limestone cliffs near the sea.
# Helensburgh Cemetery

Helensburgh Cemetery is an operational burial ground, dating from the mid 19th century, on the Old Luss Road in Helensburgh, Argyll, Scotland. Together with its boundary walls, lodge, gatepiers and gates it is designated as a Category B listed building by Historic Scotland.
The graveyard contains several fine monuments, including one to Bonar Law, the former Prime Minister, whose ashes are buried at Westminster Abbey.

## Notable burials

* John Logie Baird (1888–1946), scientist and inventor of television and his wife Celia whose remains were brought over from South Africa to be buried with John Logie Baird
* David White Finlay (1840–1923) physician
* Hugh Kerr (1808–1891) tobacco merchant in Kentucky, monument by William Leiper
* Alexander Nisbet Paterson (1856–1947) and his artist wife Maggie Hamilton, monument by William Leiper
* John Ure (1824–1901), Lord Provost of Glasgow
* Alexander Ure, 1st Baron Strathclyde (1853–1928) son of John Ure
* Monument to Bonar Law by A. N. Paterson (cenotaph)

## War graves

There are 40 Commonwealth service personnel buried here whose graves are registered and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, 21 from the First World War and 19 from the Second World War.
# Get It Together (Australian TV series)

Get It Together is an Australian children's television game show which first aired on ABC ME on 8 July 2019, hosted by Kayne Tremills. Kayne and his drill sergeant (Naomi Higgins) put Australia's messiest, most disorganised and most forgetful families to the ultimate test.
# Henri-Irénée Marrou

Henri-Irénée Marrou (French:; 12 November 1904 in Marseilles – 11 April 1977 in Bourg-la-Reine) was a French historian. A Christian humanist in outlook, his work was primarily in the spheres of Late Antiquity and the history of education. He is best known for his work History of Education in Antiquity. He also edited, for Sources Chrétiennes, the early Christian work Letter to Diognetus, the only manuscript of which perished in a fire at the University of Strasbourg during the Franco-Prussian War. Marrou edited the collection Patristica Sorbonensia, published by Le Seuil. His work has been criticised by the philosopher Ilsetraut Hadot. Marrou also wrote under the pseudonym of Henri Davenson. His Carnets posthumes were published in 2006 under the editorial supervision of his daughter Françoise Marrou-Flamant.
He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1967.

## Publications

* Fondements d'une culture chrétienne, Paris, Bloud & Gay, 1934 ;
* Saint Augustin et la fin de la culture antique, Paris, De Boccard, 1938 (thèse principale) ;
* MOYCIKOC ANHP. étude sur les scènes de la vie intellectuelle figurant sur les monuments funéraires romains, Grenoble, Didier & Richard, 1938 (thèse secondaire) ;
* Traité de la musique selon l'esprit de saint Augustin, Paris, Le Seuil, 1942 ;
* Le livre des chansons ou introduction à la connaissance de la chanson, Paris, Le Seuil, 1944 ;
* Histoire de l'éducation dans l'Antiquité, Paris, Le Seuil, 1948 ;
** A history of education in antiquity. Translated by George Lamb. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. 1982. ISBN 0299088146. LCCN 81070008; xviii+466 pages; pbk.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* L'ambivalence du temps de l'histoire chez saint Augustin, Paris, Vrin, 1950 ;
* De la connaissance historique, Paris, Le Seuil, 1954 ;
** The meaning of history. Translated by Robert J. Olsen. Baltimore: Helicon. LCCN 63019405.
* Saint Augustin et l'augustinisme, Paris, Le Seuil, 1955 ;
* Les troubadours, Paris, Le Seuil, 1961 ;
* Nouvelle histoire de l'Église. Tome I, 2e partie: De la persécution de Dioclétien à la mort de Grégoire le Grand, Paris, Le Seuil, 1963 ;
* L'Église de l'Antiquité tardive 303-604, Paris, Le Seuil, collection « Points Histoire », 1985 (réédition séparée du titre précédent) ;
* Théologie de l'histoire, Paris, Le Seuil, 1968 ; réédition, Paris, Editions du Cerf, 2006 ;
* Patristique et humanisme, Paris, Le Seuil, 1976 ;
* Décadence romaine ou antiquité tardive?, Paris, Le Seuil, collection « Points Histoire », 1977] (posthume) ;
* Christiana tempora. Mélanges d'histoire, d'archéologie, d'épigraphie et de patristique, Rome, École française de Rome, 1978;
* Crise de notre temps et réflexion chrétienne (1930-1975), Paris, Beauchesne, 1978 (posthume);
* Carnets posthumes, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2006.
# Hemionitis

Hemionitis is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Its circumscription varies greatly in different systems of fern classification. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it was one of more than 20 genera in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae, and was said to have five species. Other sources treat it as the only genus in the subfamily, and so accept about 450 species. With the restricted circumscription, species are native to tropical America.

## Taxonomy

The genus Hemionitis was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The genus name is pre-Linnaean, being used for example in the Hortus Cliffortianus, and derives from the Greek word ἡμίονος (hemionos), meaning 'mule', referring to the belief that the plants were sterile. (Linnaeus used the same word in the name "Asplenium hemionitis".)
The division of the subfamily Cheilanthoideae into genera varies greatly between sources as of January 2020. Christenhusz et al. (2011), the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), and the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World divide the subfamily into 20 or more genera, of which one is Hemionitis sensu stricto. On the other hand, Christenhusz et al. (2018) and Plants of the World Online use Hemionitis sensu lato as a catch-all genus for the subfamily, resulting in about 450 species.

### Species

Using the PPG I approach, as of January 2020, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species (and one hybrid) in Hemionitis sensu stricto. All are native to tropical America.
* Hemionitis levyi E.Fourn.
* Hemionitis palmata L.
* Hemionitis pinnatifida Baker
* Hemionitis rufa (L.) Sw.
* Hemionitis tomentosa (Lam.) Raddi
* Hemionitis umbrosa R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado
* Hemionitis × smithii (Trevis.) C.Chr. = H. palmata × H. rufa
# German submarine U-187

German submarine U-187 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 6 August 1941 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 1027. She was launched on 16 March 1942 and commissioned on 23 July with Kapitänleutnant Ralph Münnich in command.
The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 January 1943 for operations.
She was sunk by two British destroyers on 4 February 1943.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-187 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-187 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history
### Patrol and loss

U-187's patrol took her from Kiel on 12 January 1943, across the North Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands.
She was surprised on the surface, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) ahead of Convoy SC 118. She was sunk in mid-Atlantic by depth charges dropped by the British destroyers HMS Vimy and HMS Beverley at position 50°12′N 36°35′W﻿ / ﻿50.200°N 36.583°W﻿ / 50.200; -36.583 on 4 February 1943. Nine men died; there were 45 survivors.

### Wolfpacks

U-187 took part in two wolfpacks, namely:
* Landsknecht (19 – 28 January 1943)
* Pfeil (1 – 4 February 1943)
# Hemi-cuboctahedron

A hemi-cuboctahedron is an abstract polyhedron, containing half the faces of a semiregular cuboctahedron.
It has 4 triangular faces and 3 square faces, 12 edges, and 6 vertices. It can be seen as a rectified hemi-octahedron or rectified hemi-cube.
Its skeleton matches 6 vertices and 12 edges of a regular octahedron.
It can be realized as a projective polyhedron (a tessellation of the real projective plane by 4 triangles and 3 square), which can be visualized by constructing the projective plane as a hemisphere where opposite points along the boundary are connected.

## Dual

Its dual polyhedron is a rhombic hemi-dodecahedron which has 7 vertices (1-7), 12 edges (a-l), and 6 rhombic faces (A-F).

## Related polyhedra

It has a real presentation as a uniform star polyhedron, the tetrahemihexahedron.
# Henchir Mettich

Henchir Mettich is a town of the Bagradas Valley region in Tunisia, c.50 km west of the ancient city of Carthage. The area around Henchir Mettich is currently a semi-arid district of mostly barren hills (approximately 400 mm-500mm rainfall per annum), some of which are currently cultivated with olive trees.
It is best known for the Lex Manciana inscription found there.

## History

During Roman times this part of the Maghreb of North Africa was much more fertile than today and supported a much larger population. Following the Third Punic War the area was incorporated into Africa Proconsularis of the Roman Empire. They found an area already renown for its productivity Due to the high agricultural fertility of the Bagradas region, the area was developed with many Imperial Estates, one of which was Henchir Mettich. Mappalia Siga.
We know from epigraphical remains that the settlement then known as Villamagna in Proconsulari (Villa Magna Variana, or Mappalia Siga) had coloni status. The Lex Manciana found at the town was a Roman law relating to these estates.
Throughout its existence the town was ruled by Catholic Roman, Arian Vandal and Orthodox rulers from Byzantium. At the end of the 7th century the city ceased to be part of Christendom with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.
36°34′10″N 9°22′00″E﻿ / ﻿36.569469°N 9.366642°E﻿ / 36.569469; 9.366642
# German submarine U-35

U-35 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-35, was a Type U 31 submarine launched in 1914 and that served in the First World War until surrendered on 26 November 1918
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-35, a Type UB II submarine launched in 1915 and sunk on 26 January 1918
*** SM UC-35, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and scuttled on 17 May 1918
* German submarine U-35 (1936), a Type VIIA submarine that served in the Second World War until scuttled on 29 November 1939
* German submarine U-35 (S185), a Type 212 submarine of the German Navy commissioned into service in March 2015.
# German submarine U-3504

German submarine U-3504 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 30 June 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1649. She was launched on 15 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Hartwig Siebold on 23 September 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3504 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3504 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-3504 was scuttled on 2 May 1945, at Wilhelmshaven, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Henley Residents Group

Henley Residents Group (HRG) is a local political party in Oxfordshire, England.

## Formation

It was formed in 1989 in response to an unpopular town centre development in Henley, Oxfordshire, England, in which Waitrose planned to increase the size of its store, demolishing the town's Regal Cinema. Local residents campaigned against this and, unhappy at the Conservative Party's support for the scheme, stood for election in Henley in May 1991, winning 8 seats at civic parish level, and three district council seats. The plan was subsequently modified to include a replacement cinema, with a three screen cinema.

## Elections

HRG had a majority on Henley Town Council until 2003 and continued to be the ruling party after this date.
After two by-election successes in 2017 HRG has 8 out of 16 town council seats, with the rest being Conservative. It has one seat on South Oxfordshire District Council and, following Stefan Gawrysiak's election for the Henley-on-Thames Division on 4 May 2017, one on Oxfordshire County Council, which was retained in the county council elections of 6 May 2021.
At the May 2019 local elections, Henley Residents Group won all three Henley seats on the district council and twelve of the sixteen seats on Henley Town Council with every candidate elected. They had campaigned for traffic and car parking improvements, local economy and environmental issues, as well as demanding proper affordable housing.
# Hemisinus cubanianus

Hemisinus cubanianus is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Thiaridae.

## Distribution

Hemisinus cubanianus is endemic to Pinar del Río with scarce distribution in Cuba.
# Gezhi School

Gezhi School may refer to:
* Fuzhou Gezhi High School
* Shanghai Gezhi High School