OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Civic Union

National Civic Union may refer to any of several political parties:
* National Civic Union (Argentina) (1891–1916)
* National Civic Union (Bolivia) (1964)
* National Civic Union (Dominican Republic), a political party in the Dominican Republic (1962–1990)
* National Civic Union (Peru) (c. 1939–at least 1956)
# National Freedman's Relief Association

The National Freedman's Relief Association was an organization to support African Americans organized in the wake of the American Civil War. It provided agricultural tools, food, shelter, clothing, religious guidance, and opened schools. It published the National Freedman newspaper.
Its first annual report was published in 1863.
It was organized in 1862. Francis George Shaw served as its president, Rev. W. G. (William George) Hawkins Corresponding Secretary, E. C. Estes Secretary of Executive Committee and Business Agent, and Rev. James L. Woolsey Secretary of Teachers and Finance Committee. Its address was 76 John Street in New York City. Joseph B. Collins was its treasurer.
Laura Haviland wrote a first-hand account of an assault on Sojourner Truth by a conductor in Washington D.C. in 1865. The same issue published the recently passed Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Seymour B. Durst's collection included Brief history of the New York National Freedmen's Relief Association : to which are added some interesting details of the work together with a brief view of the whole field, and the objects to be accomplished, concluding with the fourth annual report of the association for 1865, with statement and appeal published in 1866.
In 1864, Thomas P. Knox's scathing account of the group was published. He accused the group of defrauding the public and failing to provide the assistance it claimed.
A branch of the group was established in Washington D.C.
# Kjellsby

Kjellsby is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erling Kjellsby (1901–1976), Norwegian organist and composer
* Jorunn Kjellsby (born 1944), Norwegian actress
# John Albok

John Albok (1894–1982) was a Hungarian photographer who immigrated to the United States and documented street scenes in New York City during the Great Depression and later.

## Youth

John Albok was born in Munkacs, Hungary, in what is now Ukraine. After apprenticing to a tailor from the ages of 13 to 17, he was drafted into the Hungarian army. He began photographing life in the hospital and prison where he worked. During the war, Albok's father killed himself and two of his sisters died of starvation. In 1921, Albok immigrated to the United States.

## New York City

John Albok worked as a tailor in a shop at 96th Street and Madison Avenue. He lived above the shop with his wife, fellow Hungarian Ilona Kiss, and their daughter, also named Ilona. He photographed street life primarily in his immediate neighborhood for sixty years, until his death in 1982.

## Photography

After winning a weekly photo contest held by the New York Herald Tribune in 1937, he captured the attention of Grace Mayer, photography curator at the Museum of the City of New York. His first solo show, Faces of the City, was held at the Museum in 1938.
Today, Albok's work may be found in collections at the Museum of the City of New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Getty Museum, and many other institutions. John Albok's estate is represented by Photographs Do Not Bend (PDNB) Gallery in Dallas, Texas.

## Sources and further reading
### Books of Photographs by John Albok

* John Albok, 1894-1982 : through the eye of the needle = Albók János : keresztül a tű fokán. Budapest: Budapest Galéria; Hungarian Multicultural Center, Inc., 1998.
* John Albok, for the children : September 15 to October 14, 1995. Dallas: Photographic Archives Gallery, 1995.
# John Albright

John Albright was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
Albright was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He became the Vicar choral of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin in 1595; and a prebendary in 1600. He was Dean of Raphoe from 1603 until his death in 1609.
# Kiss Me Kiss Me (song)

"Kiss Me Kiss Me" is a song by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. It was released on 17 June 2014 as the first promotional single from their debut self-titled studio album.

## Composition

"Kiss Me Kiss Me" was written by Luke Hemmings and Calum Hood while production was handled by John Feldmann, who also co-wrote the track. The song was also co-written by Alex Gaskarth of All Time Low. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, by Alfred Music Publishing, the track runs at 144 BPM and is in the key of C major. Hemmings and Hood's range in the song spans from the notes G4 to A5.

## Reception

"Kiss Me Kiss Me" was met with positive reviews from music critics. Christina Garibaldi of MTV stated, "The guys are creating some perfect 'teenage memories,' as they sing about getting in one last kiss before saying goodbye." Jason Lipshutz of Billboard gave mixed review of the track remarking, "The hook on 'Kiss Me Kiss Me' may be a slight downturn from the preceding tracks on 5 Seconds of Summer, but the earnest harmonies push the track list forward."

## Personnel

Credits for "Kiss Me Kiss Me" adapted from AllMusic.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Kiss Me Kiss Me" :
| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 14 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 49 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 29 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 49 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 26 |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 7 |
| France (SNEP) | 62 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 54 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 56 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 37 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 10 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 68 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 24 |
| Sweden Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 3 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 110 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 28 |
# Johan Wagemans

Johan Wagemans is a Belgian experimental psychologist. He is a full professor at the KU Leuven in Leuven (Belgium). He directs a long-term Methusalem project that focuses upon the psychology and neuroscience of visual perception and most recently art perception.

## Biography

Wagemans obtained his PhD in 1991 at KU Leuven. As a postdoc he worked with Michael Kubovy at the University of Virginia. He is a professor at KU Leuven since 1993.
Wagemans is known for his work on so-called mid-level vision, which deals with organising the rich but not yet very useful representation of visual images in earlier processing stages into a more coherent and meaningful organisation. In several review articles he brought together the leading scholars on perceptual organisation in order to integrate early century-old views of Gestalt psychology with modern viewpoints inspired by modern cognitive psychology and neuroscience. He formalised several important factors that influence perceptual organisation, such as the role of symmetry in perceptual grouping. His work also resulted in applications to theories on autism, art perception, and the perception of magic.

## Honors

* Member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium, 2010
* Laureate of the Research Foundation Flanders "Hearnest-John Solvay" Excellence Prize, 2020, the highest scientific Prize in Belgium known as the "Flemish Nobel Prize"
* Member of the Board of Directors of the Vision Sciences Society, 2018-2022
* Wolfgang Metzger Award of Gestalt Theory Association, 2013
# Klabböle Power Plant

Klabböle Power Plant (Swedish: Klabböle Kraftverk) was a hydroelectric plant located near Umeå in northern Sweden. The plant was commissioned in 1899 and supplied power to the city until 1958, when it was replaced by a newly constructed state-owned power plant in Norrforsen. Klabböle Kraftverk is now a museum located at Ume River's south bank, below the village of Klabböle, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) upstream from Umeå.

## History

In the 1500s, there was a water mill in Klabböleforsen which was used for grinding flour and for powering a saw. A steam-powered plant was located in the centre of Umeå, but by 1892 it needed to be replaced and the city agreed to use the rapids to build a hydroelectric plant in 1897. The work was subcontracted to the Qvist & Gjers engineering company in Arboga. Qvist & Gjers designed, engineered, and built the plant with two turbine-generator units totaling 400 kW, along with extra space for two more should they be needed in the future.
Due to financial constraints and the so-called kungsådra (an old law preventing part of the waterways from being blocked), the whole stream was not dammed. Instead, a diverter was built which created a watercourse for the power plant. The plant supplied power to Umeå for the first time on 6 December 1899. After a few weeks, problems arose due to slush, something that became a recurring problem. This was due to the plant's location at the lower part of the stream, between Norrfors and Klabböle, where the water cools off to the point that it becomes supercooled.
Initially, the plant utilized only 10 cubic meters per second of the river's average discharge of 430 cubic meters per second. To increase capacity, the power plant was expanded in 1904 with a third unit of 200 kW. Axel Rudolf Bergman then built a new plant of brick and concrete next to the old one. This new plant was completed on May 28, 1910, and a smaller expansion was added in 1914. Meanwhile, the Umeå municipality wanted the state-owned company Vattenfall to start constructing a power plant in Norrforsen, which they were told would happen. However, during and after World War I, there were no financial resources available for this project, so Klabböle was expanded again in 1931. Finally, in 1958, the state-owned Stornorrfors Hydroelectric Power Station was inaugurated in Norrforsen. With this new facility in place, the newer expansions of the Klabböle power plant were demolished. The older machinery was retained and has been incorporated into a power plant museum, as part of the Umeå Energy Centre.
# Kirkburton Hall

Kirkburton Hall, formerly known as Kirkburton Town Hall, and before that, as Springfield House, is a former municipal building in Penistone Road in Kirkburton, a town in West Yorkshire in England. The building, which was previously the offices and meeting place of the Kirkburton Urban District Council and is now a private residence, is a grade II listed building.

## History

The building, originally known as Springfield House, was commissioned by Wright Rhodes, a local woollen mill owner who had erected Springfield Mill on Peniston Road in about 1820. The site that he selected for his house was just to the northwest of the mill but within its grounds.
The house was designed in the Neo-Georgian style, built in ashlar stone and was completed around 1835. Although Rhodes sold the mill to another woollen manufacturer, Hirst Hanson & Sons, in 1876, the house remained in the Rhodes family until at least 1920.
In 1935, the building was purchased by Kirkburton Urban District Council, which converted it for municipal use and re-opened it in 1938. The building, which became known as Kirkburton Town Hall, remained the local seat of government until the enlarged Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council was formed in 1974.
Kirklees Council sold the building for private use in 1982. Stained glass panels were removed from the building at that time and, in 2008, they were installed at All Hallows' Church. The building was sold as a private house for £2 million in 2019, and was extensively remodelled by Clay Construction to a design by Sheffield architects, 2131, in summer 2020.

## Architecture

The two-storey building is built of stone, with a slate roof, and a small lantern which was added at a later date. Its front is three bays wide, and it is four bays deep. The main front has a central door, with a portico, formed by fluted columns with Pentelic capitals, in the style of the Tower of the Winds, supporting a dentiled entablature. The outer bays on the ground floor and all three bays on the first floor are fenestrated with sash windows. Inside, there is an elliptical entrance lobby with a curved stone staircase. Original panelled doors and much plasterwork survives. The building was grade II listed in 1978, and its former stables are also listed at grade II.
# Johannes Martini (painter)

Johannes Martini (9 June 1866, in Chemnitz – 7 February 1935, in Munich) was a German oil painter and graphic artist.

## Biography

Martini was born in Chemnitz, Saxony. He was a student of Franz Skarbina at the Akademie der Künste of Berlin, and he spent two years at the Académie Julian in Paris. Martini exhibited his work at the Great Art Exhibition in Berlin and the Paris Salon. He participated in the jubilee exhibit for the 90th birthday of Luitpold of Bavaria, as well as the Annual Exhibition in Berlin's Glass Palace.
Martini spent much of his life in Munich, Bavaria, and lived in the city district of Schwabing. He was married and had one son.
Many of Martini's paintings are considered missing. A considerable part of his estate in the form of letters is dispersed among the private citizens of Munich.
Martini was a member of the German Art Cooperative (Allgemeinen Deutschen Kunstgenossenschaft or AdK) and the Munich art community. He was also a member of the Reichsverband bildendener Künstler (RVbK, "Reich Union for Visual Artists") and had many contacts, including with the Krupp and Siemens families and the Vatican.

## Gallery

* Breakfast in the Locomotive Workshop, ca. 1891.
* Girl in the Mudflats, ca. 1898
* Park with Sculpture and a Lamp, ca. 1900.
* The Start of the Bobsled Run, St. Moritz, ca. 1905.
* Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, ca. 1905.
* The Sculptor Fritz Behn [de] Working with a Hammer, ca. 1928.

## Sources

* Biography @ the Galerie Bernd Dürr
# Klimov GTD-350

The Klimov GTD-350 (initially Isotov GTD-350) is a Soviet gas-turbine turboshaft engine intended for helicopter use. Designed in the early 1960s by the Isotov Design Bureau the engine was later produced by Klimov and PZL, production ending in the late 1990s.
The GTD-350 powers the Mil Mi-2, the first Soviet gas-turbine powered helicopter, and has accumulated over 20 million hours in service.

## Applications

* Mil Mi-2

## Specifications (GTD-350)

Data from Klimov, World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines, Aircraft engines of the World 1970

#### General characteristics

* Type: Turboshaft
* Length: 1,350 mm (53 in)
* Diameter: ~450 mm (18 in) inlet casing
* Width: 522 mm (20.6 in)
* Height: 680 mm (27 in)
* Dry weight: 135 kg (298 lb)

#### Components

* Compressor: Seven-stage axial flow plus single-stage centrifugal
* Combustors: Single-chamber reverse flow
* Turbine: Single-stage compressor turbine, two-stage power turbine
* Fuel type: Aviation Kerosene, such as JP-4
* Oil system: Pressure spray at 3.1 bar (45 psi)

#### Performance

* Maximum power output:
    Take-off: 300 kW (400 shp) at 45,000 rpm (gas generator)
    Normal: 240 kW (320 shp) at 40,000 rpm (gas generator)
* Overall pressure ratio: 6.05:1 at 45,000 rpm
* Air mass flow: 2.19 kg/s (290 lb/min)
* Turbine inlet temperature: 1,210 K (940 °C)
* Specific fuel consumption: 0.49 kg/kWh (0.8 lb/(hp⋅h))
* Power-to-weight ratio: 2.20 kW/kg (1.34 hp/lb)
# National Order of Merit (Paraguay)

The National Order of Merit (Spanish: Orden Nacional del Mérito) of Paraguay is an award given by the government of Paraguay. The award was first established in 1865 and can be given to any person or organization that has contributed in some way to the benefit of Paraguay.
It is the highest distinction awarded by the Republic of Paraguay. The President of the Republic of Paraguay holds as a lifetime honour (unless removed by impeachment) the Grand Cross of the Order, known as Presidential Collar (or Cordon) of Marshal López.

## About

The National Order of Merit is given to a person or an organization who has contributed to the benefit of Paraguay in various fields of endeavor. This can include through culture, leadership, and science, among others.
The medal was designed as a five-pointed star with the words "honor et gloria" on the front and "premium meriti" on the reverse.

## History

The National Order of Merit was established on April 8, 1865 by Francisco Solano López. In 1867, López declared that women were eligible to earn the award. The award was based on the French Legion of Honor and had several different levels. The highest level was the Grand Cross. The other levels were Knight, Official, Commander and Grand Official.
On September 7, 1956, Law No. 394 was passed with several provisions regarding the awarding of the National Order of Merit.

## Notable recipients

* Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer.
* Luis María Ramírez Boettner, Paraguayan diplomat.
* Juan Crisóstomo Centurión, Paraguayan Army officer.
* Graziella Corvalán, Paraguayan academic
* Gildo Insfrán, Argentine politician.
* Shinichi Kitaoka, Japanese political scientist on behalf of the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
* Eusebio Leal, Cuban historian.
* Francisco Solano López, president of Paraguay.
* José Mujica, Uruguayan politician and president.
* Aloysio Nunes, Brazilian politician.
* Domingo Antonio Ortiz, Paraguayan naval officer of the Triple Alliance War.
* Berta Rojas, Paraguayan musician.
* Luis Szarán, Paraguayan musician.
* Lotte Schulz, Paraguayan artist.
* Natalicio Talavera, Paraguayan poet and newspaper editor.
* George Thompson, British engineer.
* Peter Tomlinson, South African admiral.
* Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator.
* Fumihito, Prince Akishino, Japanese Crown Prince.
* former Princess Mako of Akishino, Japanese Princess.
* Grand Cross grade of the order.
* Set of insignia of the Grand Cross.
* Grand Cross badge (obverse).
* Grand Cross badge (reverse).
* Collar of the order of Francisco Solano López.
# John Biggers

John Biggers may refer to:
* John D. Biggers (1923–2018), British reproductive biologist
* John T. Biggers (1924–2001), American muralist
# Kittanning

Kittanning may refer to:
* Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
* West Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
* Kittanning Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Kittanning (village), a Native American village that was located at the site of the present-day borough in Pennsylvania, United States
* Kittanning Coal, coal seams in the Kittanning cyclothem of the Pennsylvanian Epoch
* Kittanning Expedition, a raid during the French and Indian War that led to the destruction of the American Indian village of Kittanning
* Kittanning Gap, a gap at the summit of Allegheny Ridge in Central Pennsylvania, United States
* Kittanning Path, a major east-west Native American trail used during the 18th century in Western Pennsylvania, United States
* Kittanning Citizens Bridge, a through truss bridge in Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
* Clear Creek State Forest, a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #8, formerly known as "Kittanning State Forest"
* USS Kittanning (YTB-787), a United States Navy large harbor tug
# John Blackburne (Huddersfield MP)

John Blackburne (1787 – 21 April 1837) was a British barrister and politician.
Born in Huddersfield, Blackburne studied at Brasenose College, Oxford. He became a bencher of the Middle Temple, and a King's Counsel. He was appointed as Chief Commissioner of the Corporation Inquiry. He stood in the 1834 Huddersfield by-election as a Whig, winning the seat. In Parliament, he supported a three-year maximum period between general elections, and opposed the Corn Laws. He held his seat until his death, in 1837.
# John A. Hawkins (linguist)

John A. Hawkins is Professor of English and Applied Linguistics at the Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics (RCEAL) at the University of Cambridge. As of 2007 he is also a professor in the Department of Linguistics at UC Davis.
His main research interests are in English grammar, psycholinguistics, language universals, linguistic typology and historical linguistics.

## Selected publications

* Definiteness and Indefiniteness (1978, Humanities Press & Croom Helm; 2015, Routledge)
* Word Order Universals (1983, Academic Press)
* A Comparative Typology of English and German (1986, University of Texas Press; 2015, Routledge)
* [Editor] Explaining Language Universals (1988, Basil Blackwell)
* A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency (1994, Cambridge University Press)
* Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars (2004, Oxford University Press)
* Cross-linguistic Variation and Efficiency (2014, Oxford University Press)
# National Service Act of 2006

Universal National Service Act of 2006, (H.R. 4752) sponsored by Rep. Charles Rangel (D-NY), was introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives on February 14, 2006. On February 23, 2006, it was referred to the House Subcommittee on Military Personnel. The bill was never enacted.

## Public debate

Rep. Rangel argued that the bill was necessary since in the case of a mandatory draft members of the U.S. Congress would be much less likely to authorize an unnecessary war if they knew that their own children and family members might be sent to fight it. He was quoted as saying: "There’s no question in my mind that this president and this administration would never have invaded Iraq, especially on the flimsy evidence that was presented to the Congress if indeed we had a draft and members of Congress and the administration thought that their kids from their communities would be placed in harm’s way". Rangel also argued that bringing back the draft would remedy the social disparity of the burden of military service falling disproportionately on the poor and the minorities. After the Democratic victories in the November 2007 congressional elections, Rangel repeated his call for re-introduction of the draft and for moving forward on the bill, and a more active public discussion of the proposal followed. Most of the reaction in the media, Congress and by the public was negative, although occasional support for the idea was expressed as well. The military leadership expressed opposition to the idea. Many conservative critics charged that the bill on re-introducing the draft was simply a political maneuver by Rangel aimed to underscore the unpopularity of the Iraq War. The debate was largely over soon after the incoming Democratic House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) indicated that she was not interested in advancing the bill to reintroduce the draft.
# National Service Framework

A National Service Framework (NSF) was any of several policies set by the National Health Service (NHS) in England to define standards of care for major medical issues such as cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, kidney disease, long-term conditions, mental health, old age, and stroke care.
NSFs were ten-year plans developed in partnership with health professionals, patients, carers, health service managers, voluntary agencies and other experts.
The two main roles of NSFs were to:
* Set clear quality requirements for care based on the best available evidence of what treatments and services work most effectively for patients.
* Offer strategies and support to help organisations meet these requirements.
The first NSF was published in 1999. NSFs were discontinued in 2013 with the formation of NHS England.