OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pobrđani, Donji Vakuf

Pobrđani is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 53 in 1991.
# Polaqia

Polaqia (frequently misspelled Polaquia) is a group of comic-book creators born in Galicia (a state in the northwest of Spain) who self-publish their own projects besides working for external publishers. Currently it's a legally constituted cultural association.

## History

Founded in June 2001 by writer Kike Benlloch and artists Bernal, Jano, David Rubín and Alberto Vázquez, its editorial debut took place in August of the same year with the 48 page anthology "Mmmh!!", a collection of speechless B/W short stories. In 2002, two individual comic-books were published, the intimist "Patricia" by Jano and the ironic "Alter ego" by Alberto Vázquez. Both artists left Polaqia soon. In 2003 Polaqia launched its twice-a-year anthology "Barsowia". "Barsowia" has reached issue number fourteen by August 2009. Only two founding members are still in the organisation, Bernal and David Rubín, after Kike Benlloch's departure in 2009.
Other artists featured under the seal are Emma Ríos with her 4 issue [sci-fi] miniseries "A prueba de balas" and Álvaro López with three one-shots ("Feliz cumpleaños, May", "A voz na caixa" and "38", the latter co-created with Luís Sendón). Self-published books from Polaqia also include "Corazón de tormentas" by David Rubín and "Tanque Familiar" by Diego Blanco.

## Awards

Barsowia won in June 2006 the Readers' Award for Best Fanzine in Spain, 2005, at the Barcelona Convention, Spain's main comic-related event. At the same festival Barsowia won in April 2007 the Official Award for Best Fanzine in Spain, 2006. This award is voted by professionals and critics alike and the highest honor a fanzine can achieve in Spain. The third award to the group was given by the Youth House of Ourense: The Premio Ourense de BD is the main regional award, it acknowledges annually the best comic-related work in Galicia.

## Current lines of work

Besides the ongoing Barsowia and self-conclusive comic-books, Polaqia publishes a series of mini art-books ("Polaqia Sketchbook", #1 by Miguel Robledo) and a collection of graphic novels in Spanish ("Rompehielos", the first title is 76-page "Pinche Mundo" by Kike Benlloch and Diego Blanco).

## Languages

Polaqia has published books both in Spanish and Galician language, as well as short stories in Portuguese.

## Members

As of December 2009 the current Polaqia members (11) are Hugo Covelo, Roque Romero, Brais Rodríguez, Diego Blanco, David Rubín, Sergio Covelo, Bernal Prieto, Álvaro López, Emma Ríos, Luís Sendón, Jose Domingo. Meanwhile, the anthology "Barsowia" has had uncountable contributors including Michael Bonfiglio (USA), Bouss (France), Louis Bertrand Devaud (France), Ken Niimura (Spain), Esteban Hernández (Spain), Susa Monteiro (Portugal), Paulo Monteiro (Portugal).

## Coordinators

Kike Benlloch 2001-2006 Hugo Covelo 2006-2008 David Rubín 2008-2009
# PolarTREC

PolarTREC (Teachers and Researchers Exploring and Collaborating) is a program for K-12 teachers to participate in field research in the polar regions in order to improve their knowledge of polar science and expand the reach of current scientific research beyond the scientific community. Teachers involved in PolarTREC spend about two to six weeks at their polar sites, collaborating with scientific research teams and connecting with students and the public via online media. PolarTREC is funded by the National Science Foundation and managed by the Arctic Research Consortium.

## Overview

The purpose of PolarTREC is to stimulate polar science education and awareness.

## Expeditions

Notable past PolarTREC expeditions include:
•Carbon Balance in Warming and Drying Tundra (2013), which studied the effects of warming and drying on tundra carbon balance
•Airborne Survey of Polar Ice (2013), a six-year NASA mission, which is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever conducted
•Tectonic History of the Transantartic Mountains (2012), which deciphered the tectonic history of the Transantarctic Mountains and the Wilkes Subglacial Basin
•Greenland Education Tour (2012), part of an initiative to foster enhanced international scientific cooperation between Greenland and the US
•In 2011, PolarTREC teacher John Wood lived in a tent at the top of Mount Erebus, an active volcano in Antarctica. The average temperative was -20 F.

## Teacher experience

Teachers must apply to the program and only the top 100 applications make it to the PolarTREC selection committee. Researcher also must apply and be selected as a PolarTREC research team. After researchers are selected, a selection of the top 30-40 teacher applications are sent to the various research teams. Researchers select which of the teachers to interview, after which they invite a teacher to join the team. There are usually 12 research teams—6 in the Arctic and 6 in the Antarctic—so out of the over 200 applicants each year only 12 get chosen.
Once accepted PolarTREC covers the costs of the expedition. The teachers are given special training through webinars and a week long orientation in Fairbanks, Alaska. While on the trip teachers are expected to communicate through the Virtual Home Base and give updates using message boards, photo albums, podcasts, "PolarConnect" events and presentations from the field. Using the message boards and journals, teachers can document what the students get excited about and how they learn. This data can be used to shape science curriculum. Teachers are encouraged to share their experiences with a wider audience by writing articles and speaking at conferences. Teachers also encouraged to develop lessons based on their expedition for the Learning Resources section of the website.
# Polar surface area

The polar surface area (PSA) or topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms or molecules, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, also including their attached hydrogen atoms.
PSA is a commonly used medicinal chemistry metric for the optimization of a drug's ability to permeate cells. Molecules with a polar surface area of greater than 140 angstroms squared (Å$^2$) tend to be poor at permeating cell membranes. For molecules to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (and thus act on receptors in the central nervous system), a PSA less than 90 Å$^2$ is usually needed.
TPSA is a valuable tool in drug discovery and development. By analyzing a drug candidate's TPSA, scientists can predict its potential for oral bioavailability and ability to reach target sites within the body. This prediction hinges on a drug's ability to permeate biological barriers.
Permeating these barriers, such as the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), the Placental Barrier (PB), and the Blood-Mammary Barrier (BM), is crucial for many drugs to reach their intended targets.
The BBB, for example, protects the brain from harmful substances. Drugs with a lower TPSA (generally below 90 Å²) tend to permeate the BBB more easily, allowing them to reach the brain and exert their therapeutic effects (Shityakov et al., 2013).
Similarly, for drugs intended to treat the fetus, a lower TPSA (below 60 Å²) is preferred to ensure they can pass through the placenta (Augustiño-Roubina et al., 2019).
Breastfeeding mothers also need consideration. Here, an optimal TPSA for a drug is around 60-80 Å² to allow it to reach the breast tissue for milk production, while drugs exceeding 90 Å² are less likely to permeate the Blood-Mammary Barrier.
# Polei Kleng Camp

Polei Kleng Camp (also known as Camp Le Vanh, Firebase Bass, Landing Zone Bass or Polei Kleng Special Forces Camp) is a former U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base west of Kontum in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

## History

The base was established in June 1966 approximately 16 km west of Kontum by the 5th Special Forces Group, Detachment A-241.
In March–April 1969 the base was used as a staging base for Operation Wayne Grey an operation against the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 24th and 66th Regiments in the Plei Trap Valley.
The base was transferred to the ARVN 62nd Border Rangers in August 1970.
In May 1972 during the Battle of Kontum after overrunning the ARVN bases at Tân Cảnh, Đắk Tô and the Firebases along Rocket Ridge the PAVN turned their attention to the base and to Ben Het Camp which blocked the avenues for attack on Kontum. The base had been subjected to artillery fire since 24 April, but from midday on 6 May the volume of fire increased dramatically with over 500 rounds systematically destroying the base bunkers and an infantry assault by the PAVN 64th Regiment penetrated the perimeter. At 19:00 the two U.S. advisers at the base were evacuated by helicopter.$^{:154–6}$ The attack was repulsed and the ARVN continued to hold for a further 3 days during which time U.S. airpower, including gunships and 16 Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strikes, was concentrated on the attacking PAVN. On the night of 7 May the PAVN attempted another assault but were again repulsed suffering 300 killed.$^{:156}$ On the morning of 9 May the ARVN abandoned the base in the face of a PAVN tank and infantry assault, only 97 ARVN and their dependents reaching safety in Kontum.

## Current use

The base has reverted to housing and farmland, the airfield is still visible on satellite images. The former landing strip has now been incorporated into a street.
# Polokwane Ext 44

Polokwane Ext 44 (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːnɪ/, meaning "Place of Safety" in Northern Sotho; alternatively Greenside or simply Ext 44), is a township in Polokwane under the Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.
Ext 44 was the first township to ever emerge from the City of Polokwane, despite experiencing the heavy rains and floods throughout the years, the township is known for its never dying criminal activities.

## Education

* Kabelo Secondary School
* Greenside Primary School
# Political Economy Club (1909)

The Political Economy Club was founded in 1909 by John Maynard Keynes. It was an invitation-only club, initially held weekly in Keynes' rooms at King's College, Cambridge. Typically a paper would be read then members would comment on its contents.
Keynes made his last appearance at the club in February 1946, reading a paper about the future of pound sterling and whether the United States dollar would become scarce.

## Participants

* Maurice Dobb
* Ralph George Hawtrey (1879 - 1975)
* Harry Gordon Johnson (1923 - 1977)
* John Maynard Keynes (1883 - 1946, founder)
* Dennis Robertson (president circa 1946)
# Pop Goes the Basie

Pop Goes the Basie is an album by pianist and bandleader Count Basie featuring jazz versions of contemporary hits recorded in 1964 and originally released on the Reprise label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars.

## Track listing

Side One:
* "Your Cheatin' Heart" (Hank Williams) – 3:03
* "The Hucklebuck" (Andy Gibson, Roy Alfred) – 2:50
* "Oh, Pretty Woman" (Roy Orbison, Bill Dees) – 2:51
* "Call Me Irresponsible" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Sammy Cahn) – 2:42
* "Walk Right In" (Gus Cannon, Hosea Woods) – 2:55
* "Go Away Little Girl" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 3:03
Side Two:
* "Oh Soul Mio" (Billy Byers) – 3:03
* "Bye Bye Love" (Felice Bryant, Boudleaux Bryant) – 2:30
* "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" (Ellie Greenwich, Jeff Barry) – 3:04
* "He's Got The Whole World In His Hands" (Traditional) – 3:29
* "Shangri-La" (Carl Sigman, Matty Malneck, Robert Maxwell) – 3:45
* "At Long Last Love" (Cole Porter, Robert Katscher) – 2:57

## Personnel

* Count Basie – piano
* Al Aarons, Sonny Cohn, Wallace Davenport, Sam Noto – trumpet
* Henderson Chambers (tracks 1,4, 5, 7 9, 11 & 12), Henry Coker (tracks 2, 3, 6, 8 & 10), Al Grey (tracks 1,4, 5, 7 9, 11 & 12), Grover Mitchell, Gordon Thomas (tracks 2, 3, 6, 8 & 10) – trombone
* Bill Hughes – bass trombone
* Marshal Royal, Bobby Plater – alto saxophone
* Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Eric Dixon – tenor saxophone
* Charlie Fowlkes – baritone saxophone
* Freddie Green – guitar
* Wyatt Reuther – bass
* Louis Bellson, (tracks 5, 9 &12), Sonny Payne (tracks 1–4, 6–8, 9 & 11) – drums
* Leon Thomas – vocals (tracks 2, 3, 6, 8 & 10)
* Billy Byers – arranger, conductor
# Poohla

Poohla is a village located in Bathinda district in Punjab, India. It is frequently confused with Poohla village in Amritsar, home to a notorious Sikh Nihang.
It is a small village located on Bhucho-to-Bhagta Bhai ka Road. It is situated over the Sirhand Canal. At the last census, it had a population of 5,785, about 1,132 households. The main profession is agriculture. Moreover, it is also famous for its honesty. It is 2249 hectares in area.
There is a government high school and a primary school. For health care, a dispensary is there in village center.
On the northeast side of Sirhand Canal, which flows from east to west, an old guest house was constructed during British times to accommodate English officers. Later it was used by Indian government officers. Today it is in dilapidated condition.
Most of the community is Sikh and there are three main Gurdwaras and one Dera BaBa Dayanand Ji. There is another Gurudwara of the Ravidassia community. Many families permanently migrated to Canada, and live in Toronto, Vancouver, and other cities.
The nearest hospital is three kilometers away, but a tertiary care hospital, the Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, is situated on Bathinda-Barnala Road. Bathinda is a main city almost 30km away from the village.
Kabadi cup is organised with help of Balkar Singh Sidhu to promote healthy lifestyle and sportsmanship. Recently, the Punjab government built a small Hydroelectric power plant on Sirhand Canal to overcome power shortages in the region. On canal bridge, there are two banyan trees on either side of road. During the summer, you can see a lot of people enjoying the cooler shade of these trees and drinking sweet water from water hand pumps next to them. Many people come and take water from these pumps, as it is very pure and good for drinking. When you cross the Sirhand Canal bridge, on the left side is the Vishvakarman temple built by the Ramgarhia community of the village and neighboring villages. Every year after Diwali festiwal, Vishwakarma day is celebrated and almost everyone participates. Eminent wrestler:S Bachan Singh 'Pehalwan' died in 1989.
# Pork loin

Pork loin is a cut of meat from a pig, created from the tissue along the dorsal side of the rib cage.

## Chops and steaks

Pork loin may be cut into individual servings, as chops (bone-in) or steaks (boneless) which are grilled, baked or fried.

## Joints or roasts

A pork loin joint or pork loin roast is a larger section of the loin which is roasted. It can take two forms: 'bone in', which still has the loin ribs attached, or 'boneless', which is often tied with butchers' string to prevent the roast from falling apart. Pork rind may be added to the fat side of the joint to give a desirable crackling which the loin otherwise lacks.

## Back bacon

Loin can also be cured to make back bacon, which is particularly popular in the United Kingdom and Canada.

## Lonzino

Lonzino is a type of salume produced in Italy with cured pork loin. It is distinct from cured pork loin, which is known as lonza. In Spain, cured pork loin is known as lomo.
# Ponam Island

Ponam Island is located off the north coast of Manus Island in Papua New Guinea.
The Ponam language is spoken on the island.
The Ponam Airfield was built by the US Navy 78th Naval Construction Battalion "Seabees" between June and August 1944. As half of the work area was swamp, coral was blasted and dredged from the ocean bed and used as landfill. During the Admiralty Islands campaign, it was used as a fighter base to provide repair and overhaul facilities for carrier aircraft, as part of Manus Naval Base. The USO entertainer Bob Hope stopped at Ponam Airfield in 1944 with an unscheduled show with troops from surrounding bases.

## Ponam Airfield

** Based at Ponam Airfield was:
** 78th Naval Construction Battalion
** 140th Battalion
** ACORN 28 - Seabee unit
** VMF-312 (24 x FG Vought F4U Corsair unit)
** VP-130 (15 Lockheed Ventura [PV-1] unit)
** VC-75 (Grumman F4F Wildcat unit)
** Carrier Aircraft Service Unit 42
** Carrier Aircraft Service Unit 13
** Carrier Aircraft Service 587
# Pontyrhyl railway station

Pontyrhyl railway station, also known as Pontrhyll railway station, served the village of Pont-y-rhyl, in the historical county of Glamorgan, Wales, from 1886 to 1953 on the Garw Valley Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 25 October 1886 by the Great Western Railway. It was first known as Pontyrhyll but it was changed in August 1887. It was also known as Pont-y-rhyll in the handbook of stations in 1899 but the hyphens were removed in 1904. The station closed on 9 February 1953. The track still exists and the station house is a private residence.
# VA22

VA-22 has the following meanings:
* Attack Squadron 22 (U.S. Navy)
* Virginia's 22nd congressional district
* State Route 22 (Virginia)
# Mantin (federal constituency)

Mantin was a federal constituency in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1974 to 1986.
The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1986 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Mantin :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created, renamed from Seremban Barat |||||
| 4th | P090 | 1974-1978 | Lee Boon Peng (李文彬) | BN (MCA) |
| 5th | P090 | 1978-1982 | Lee Boon Peng (李文彬) | BN (MCA) |
| 6th | P090 | 1982-1986 | Lee Boon Peng (李文彬) | BN (MCA) |
| Constituency abolished, split into Seremban and Rasah |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1955–59* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Mantin | | | Labu | | | | |
| Mantin | | | Lenggeng | | | | |
| Mantin | | | Pantai | | | | |
| Mantin | | | Rantau | | | | |
# Nicholas Sutherland, 1st of Duffus

Nicholas Sutherland, 1st of Duffus was a Scottish noble who was seated at Duffus Castle, near Elgin, Moray, Scotland in the 14th and 15th centuries.

## History

Nicholas Sutherland was the second son of Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland, chief of Clan Sutherland. Nicholas married Mary, daughter of Reginald le Chen (died 1345) and in doing so brought the estate of Duffus back to the family of de Moravia, from whom Nicholas was a lineal descendant, and at that time the Earls of Sutherland had not yet given up the surname de Moravia. William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland confirmed to Nicholas Sutherland, his brother, a charter for the barony of Torboll dated 13 September 1360 and this was subsequently also confirmed by charter from David II of Scotland to Nicholas dated 17 October 1362. Nicholas Sutherland of Duffus is recorded as having murdered Iye Mackay, 4th of Strathnaver and his son Donald Mackay, 5th of Strathnaver, chiefs of Clan Mackay, while they slept at Dingwall Castle, after they had met there to settle a dispute with the Sutherlands peacefully in 1370. Nicolas Sutherland was named as Lord of the Castle of Duffus in 1408.

## Family

Nicholas Sutherland married Mary, daughter of Reginald le Chen (died 1345). They had the following two sons:
* John Sutherland, 2nd of Duffus (1408-1427).
* Henry Sutherland of Torboll, who received from Robert Sutherland, 6th Earl of Sutherland the £40 lands of Torboll which Nicolas Sutherland had resigned to the earl. Henry Sutherland of Torboll married Margaret Mureff or Moray. Their son was Alexander Sutherland, 3rd of Duffus who succeeded his father in Torboll and his uncle in Duffus.
# Sungai Rambai (state constituency)

Sungai Rambai is a state constituency in Malacca, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Melaka State Legislative Assembly.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Sungai Rambai's electorate as of 2021

## History
### Polling districts

According to the gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Sungai Rambai constituency has a total of 5 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling districts | Code | Location |
| Sungai Rambai (N28) | Seri Mendapat | 139/28/01 | SK Seri Mendapat |
| Sungai Rambai (N28) | Batu Gajah | 139/28/02 | SK Batu Gajah |
| Sungai Rambai (N28) | Sebatu | 139/28/03 | SK Sebatu |
| Sungai Rambai (N28) | Parit Putat | 139/28/04 | SMK Sungai Rambai |
| Sungai Rambai (N28) | Parit Perawas | 139/28/05 | SK Parit Penghulu |

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Sungai Rambai :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created ||||
| Sungei Rambai ||||
| 1st | 1959 - 1964 | Ibrahim Abdul Hamid | Alliance (UMNO) |
| 2nd | 1964 - 1969 | Ibrahim Abdul Hamid | Alliance (UMNO) |
| | 1969 - 1971 | Assembly dissolved | Assembly dissolved |
| 3rd | 1971 - 1974 | Ahmad Dahlan Salleh | Alliance (UMNO) |
| 4th | 1974 - 1978 | Ahmad Dahlan Salleh | BN (UMNO) |
| 5th | 1978 - 1982 | Ahmad Dahlan Salleh | BN (UMNO) |
| 6th | 1982 - 1986 | Abu Zahar Ithnin | BN (UMNO) |
| Sungai Rambai ||||
| 7th | 1986 - 1990 | Abu Zahar Ithnin | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990 - 1995 | Abu Zahar Ithnin | BN (UMNO) |
| 9th | 1995 - 1999 | Abdul Azis Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
| 10th | 1999 - 2004 | Abdul Azis Abdul Ghani | BN (UMNO) |
| 11th | 2004 – 2008 | Abu Pit | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008 – 2013 | Hasan Abd Rahman | BN (UMNO) |
| 13th | 2013 – 2018 | Hasan Abd Rahman | BN (UMNO) |
| 14th | 2018 – 2021 | Hasan Abd Rahman | BN (UMNO) |
| 15th | 2021–present | Siti Faizah Abdul Azis | BN (UMNO) |
# Anthene emkopoti

Anthene emkopoti, the Mkpot ciliate blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria (south and the Cross River loop) and western Cameroon. The habitat consists of forests.
# Rezek

Rezek (feminine Rezková) is a Czech surname, a reference to person's red hair. Notable people include:
* Antonín Rezek (1853–1909), Czech historian
* Francisco Rezek (born 1944), Brazilian judge
* Jakub Rezek (born 1998), Czech footballer
* Jan Rezek (born 1982), Czech footballer
* Miloslava Rezková (1950–2014), Czech high jumper
* Ron Rezek (born 1946), American entrepreneur
# Jiří Adamíra

Jiří Adamíra (2 April 1926 in Dobrovice – 14 August 1993 in Prague) was a Czech actor. Adamíra began as an actor in the season 1945–1946 and from 1946 to 1950 worked under the director Jiří Dalík in the theatre. He later appeared in 21 films between 1952 and 1989, and in 22 television series.

## Life

He graduated from the grammar school in Prague-Vršovice and the Secondary Technical School in Smíchov. During the Second World War, he performed in amateur theater groups.
He played in several films, television productions and serials, but he achieved his success in the theater. He started playing in the theater in 1945. In the 1950s, he debuted in cinema. He performed at the State Theater in Ostrava between 1952 and 1962. He then joined the Švandovo divadlo Theater in Prague, where he worked from 1962 to 1990.

## Selected filmography

* ... a pátý jezdec je Strach
* Jeden z nich je vrah
* Podezření
* Modlitba pro Kateřinu Horowitzovou
* Příběh lásky a cti
* Božská Ema
* Nevěsta k zulíbání
* Oldřich a Božena
* Hra v oblacích
* Lev s bílou hřívou
* Poločas štěstí
* Stíhán a podezřelý
* Třicet případů majora Zemana
* Dobrodružství kriminalistiky