OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andean crested duck

The Andean crested duck (Lophonetta specularioides alticola) is one of two subspecies of the crested duck. It is much rarer than its sibling subspecies, the Patagonian crested duck.

## Description

The Andean crested duck is a medium-sized duck with a length of about 600 mm, a dark nuchal crest and a long, pointed black tail. Its colouring is predominantly grey and brown. The forecrown, sides of the head and neck are pale, while the centre of the crown, the crest and the area behind the eyes are dark brown to black. Much of the body plumage is light brown mottled with darker markings. The wings are dark brown to black. The irides are yellow and the bill and feet dark grey. It is very similar to the nominate subspecies, differing in being slightly larger, browner and less mottled, with a darker purple speculum.

## Distribution and habitat

The subspecies is found on lakes in the Andes of South America, ranging at altitudes of 2,000-4,300 m above sea level from the Huánuco Region of central Peru southwards through the mountains of Bolivia to Talca Province in central Chile and Mendoza Province in northern Argentina. It generally breeds above 3,500 m asl.
# List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)
## 1972
### Medals

| Medal | Obverse design | Reverse design | Mintage | Available | Obverse | Reverse |
| "George Washington" Sons of Liberty bronze medal | George Washington | Liberty Tree, Join, or Die cartoon, and symbol of a two shilling six pence stamp | Proof: ---- P | 1972 | | |

## 1976
### Circulating coins

| Face value | Coin | Obverse design | Reverse design | Mintage |
| 2¢ | United States Bicentennial two-cent piece (cancelled) | Unknown | Unknown | None |
| 25¢ | United States Bicentennial quarter | George Washington | Drummer boy | Circulation: 809,784,016 (P) 860,118,839 D Uncirculated: 3,814,001 (P) (clad) 3,814,001 D (clad) 4,908,319 S (silver) Proof: 3-4 (P) (silver) 7,059,099 S (clad) 3,998,621 S (silver) |
| 50¢ | United States Bicentennial half dollar | John F. Kennedy | Independence Hall | Circulation: 234,308,000 (P) 287,565,248 D Uncirculated: 3,814,001 (P) (clad) 3,814,001 D (clad) 4,908,319 S (silver) Proof: 3-4 (P) (silver) 7,059,099 S (clad) 3,998,621 S (silver) |
| $1 | United States Bicentennial dollar | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Liberty Bell and the Moon | Circulation: 25,067,710 (P) 103,228,274 D Uncirculated: 3,814,001 (P) (clad) 3,814,001 D (clad) 4,908,319 S (silver) Proof: 4-5 (P) (silver) 7,059,099 S (clad) 3,998,621 S (silver) |
# Hystrisyphona

Hystrisyphona is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Hystrisyphona nigra (Bigot, 1859)

## Distribution

Mexico.
# V. Bhaskar

Venkataraman Bhaskar (born 18 March 1969) is an Indian economist and Sue Killam Professor of Economics at the University of Texas at Austin.

## Career

Bhaskar received his BA from Madras University and his MA from Jawaharlal Nehru University and completed his doctoral studies at Oxford University.
He has previously taught at University College London (2005-2014), University of Essex (1998-2005), St. Andrews University (1995-1998) and the Delhi School of Economics (1989-1995). Bhaskar is known for his works on microeconomic theory and industrial organization.

## Books

* The North, the South and the Environment, edited with Andrew Glyn, Earthscan (London), February 1995
* Oxford Review of Economic Policy (Special Issue on India), edited with Bishnupriya Gupta, June 2007
# USS Hampden

The brigantine Hampden was originally a trading ship out of Hispaniola that carried military supplies to the United Colonies and avoided capture by HMS Cerberus thanks to the assistance of John Paul Jones, then in command of USS Providence. She was later purchased by the Continental Congress and refitted for service in New Haven, Connecticut, for the Continental Navy.$^{:210}$
Congress originally appointed John Paul Jones to take command of the new USS Hampden, yet feeling that the ship was inferior to Providence he chose not to change command. The ship instead was given to Captain Hoysted Hacker, who up to that point had been in command of the much smaller USS Fly.$^{:85–86}$ Records indicate that Hacker sailed into New Haven on board Fly on 26 June 1776 in company with Biddle and was in command of Hampden on 27 June.
While many sources claim that she retained her name from merchant service, there does not appear to be any records of a merchantman with that name in the area at that time. It is possible that she was originally the brig Catharine which Congress ordered purchased on 26 June 1776. Her name may be a reference to John Hampden, who had been a Member of Parliament during the English Civil War and is credited with coining the term "Glorious Revolution".
DANFS reports that Captain Hacker sailed for Providence, Rhode Island, to join USS Alfred in September 1776. However, due to the inability to recruit a full crew and supply both vessels, the ships did not depart until 27 October 1776 on a mission to harass Newfoundland fisheries and to attempt the liberation of American prisoners of war on Cape Breton Island. Soon after getting underway, however, Hampden grounded on a ledge, was considerably damaged, and could not continue. Captain Hacker and his crew transferred to the sloop Providence and continued the cruise, while Hampden returned to Providence. She was sold out of the service in late 1777 at Providence.
# MXJ

MXJ or mxj can refer to:
* Minna Airport, an airport in Niger state, Nigeria, by IATA code
* Miju language, a language spoken in India and China, by ISO 639 code
* MAXjet Airways, a defunct airline based in the United States from 2003 and 2007, by ICAO code
# String Quartet No. 1 (Nielsen)

Carl Nielsen's String Quartet No. 1 in G minor, Opus 13, was first performed privately on 18 December 1889 in Copenhagen. It was the first of Nielsen's four string quartets in the official series.

## Background

Originally written in 1889, the piece was later slightly revised for its first public performance on 3 February 1898 in the smaller hall at the Odd Fellows Mansion in Copenhagen under the leadership of violinist Anton Svendsen. In particular, Nielsen added a "Résumé" section in the finale, bringing together themes from the first, third and fourth movements. Although arranged at short notice, the concert, which was devoted to works by Nielsen, was well attended. The other pieces in the programme were: the Humoresque-Bagatelles for piano, the Symphonic Suite, Opus 8, and the Sonata for Violin and Piano in A major, Opus 9.
Published in 1900, it was dedicated to Johan Svendsen on the occasion of his 60th birthday.

## Music

After the tension of the first theme, the cello introduces a more lyrical secondary theme. The modulated central development is broken by strident chords which lead into a short recapitulation, the second theme now being played by the first violin. Opening in E♭ major, the lilting Andante evolves into a central section in G minor with a clear shift in key. The Scherzo in C minor is dominated by the central G major Trio with its characteristic bass. The Finale contains a résumé of the main themes of the third and first movements, set in counterpoint against each other and, in an attempt at cyclic unity, ends with the main theme of the first movement.
With a duration of 26 minutes, the quartet is divided into four movements:
* Allegro energico
* Andante amoroso
* Scherzo: Allegro molto
* Finale: Allegro (inquieto).

## Performances today

On the basis of information from the Carl Nielsen Society, the String Quartet in G minor is among the more popular of Nielsen's works and is the most frequently performed of his string quartets.
# Zakimi Castle

Zakimi Castle (座喜味城, Zakimi jō, Okinawan: Zachimi Gushiku) is a Ryukyuan gusuku in Yomitan, Okinawa. It is in ruins, but the walls and foundations have been restored. In 2000, Zakimi Castle was designated as a World Heritage Site, as a part of the Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.

## History

It was built between 1416 and 1422 by the renowned Ryukyuan general Gosamaru, a project which involved workers from as far away as the Amami Islands, and was partly constructed with materials taken from nearby Yamada Castle. Zakimi Castle oversaw the northern portion of central Okinawa Island. The fortress has two inner courts, each with an arched gate. This is Okinawa's first stone arch gate featuring the unique keystone masonry of the Ryukyus.
Before and during World War II, the castle was used as a gun emplacement by the Japanese. After the war it was used as a radar station by the US forces. Some of the walls were destroyed to install the radar equipment, but they have been restored. Zakimi Castle and Okinawa's other castles were named World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in November 2000.
# Gagea ramulosa

Gagea ramulosa is a Eurasian and North African plant species in the lily family. It is native to France, Sardinia, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Libya, Ukraine, European Russia, Caucasus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan. Some authors consider this to be the same species as G. dubia, but the World Checklist does have it listed as a distinct species.
Gagea ramulosa is a bulb-forming perennial herb. Flowers are yellow.
# Elsa Woutersen-van Doesburgh

Elsa Woutersen-van Doesburgh (1875-1957) was a Dutch artist.

## Biography

Woutersen-van Doesburgh née van Doesburgh was born on 7 December 1875 in Amsterdam. She attended the Quellinusschool, the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, and the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten. Her teachers included August Allebé, Robert von Haug, and Jacob Ritsema. In 1910 she was awarded the Willink van Collenprijs (The Willink van Collen Award). In 1911 she married Wouter Petrus Wouterse. Her work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. She was a member of the Arti et Amicitiae.
Willeboordsel died on 8 March 1957 in Bloemendaal.
# Ellen Birgitte Pedersen

Ellen Birgitte Pedersen (born 1955) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.
Born in Bergen, she took the cand.med. degree in 1979. She has worked in Øksnes Municipality, Bodø Municipality (at the Nordland Hospital Bodø) and Stokmarknes (at the Nordland Hospital Vesterålen). She was also a lecturer at the University of Tromsø. She has been a member of the municipal council of Øksnes Municipality and the Nordland county council, and chaired her party on both municipal and county level. She has also chaired the former health trust Hålogaland Hospital and been a board member of Nordland Hospital Trust.
She joined the Socialist Left Party in 1972, and has chaired the local branch in Øksnes and county branch in Nordland. From June 2008 to October 2009 she served as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Health and Care Services, as a part of Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet.
# Gaboassi

Gaboassi is a village in the Piéla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 777.
# Gafsa Archaeological Museum

Gafsa Archaeological Museum is an archaeological museum in Gafsa, Tunisia. It sits in the old city center. Opposite the museum are ancient Roman pools.

## History of Gafsa

A large section of the museum is dedicated to the period of history of Gafsa when it was under Roman control. Gafsa was once a Roman frontier town, the headquarters of a garrison. A high-ranking military chief would usually be in command of the garrison and resided in Gafsa. Articles used in everyday life, like jewellery, coins, sculptures and mosaics, are part of this collection. One ostonef the best artifacts is the mosaic pavement that shows a circus game. It dates from the 4th century AD.

## Exhibits

The Gafsa Museum has an extensive collection of prehistoric flint and lithic tools as well as other tools fashioned out of bone. Objects depicting human and animal figures and paraphernalia suggesting spiritual life are also part of the museum collection. The museum houses not only artifacts from the city but also from the surrounding areas. One of the museum's most prized assets is a Capsian figurine dating back to 8000 BC. This indicates that Gafsa, after which the Capsian culture was named, has been inhabited since the Mesolithic epoch.
# Embassy of Ethiopia, London

The Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in London is the diplomatic mission of Ethiopia in the United Kingdom. It is located in a terrace overlooking Hyde Park in Kensington Road, South Kensington, next to the Embassy of Iran. The building forms one of a group of Grade II listed stucco buildings, along with the Iranian Embassy and the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum.

## Gallery

* Plaque outside the embassy in Amharic and English depicting the Emblem of Ethiopia
* The embassies of Ethiopia and Iran
# Gambling in Mexico

Gaming or gambling is a permitted activity in Mexico, subject to the obtaining of the corresponding governmental authorization to conduct gaming activities from the Mexican competent authority. Gambling is an activity subject to scope or attributions of the federal government and legislation, and not to those of a state or local level; with the exception of gaming tax issue. A TGM Research survey shows that 65% people in Mexico took some gambling activities (inc. sports betting) in 2022.
Pursuant to Section X of Article 73 of the Constitution of Mexico, the Federal Legislature enacted the Federal Games and Draws Law (Ley Federal de Juegos y Sorteos), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation (Diario Oficial de la Federación) on December 31, 1947, and is in effect since January 5, 1948.
A new gambling legislation is in the process of being created in Mexico by the gambling regulatory body of Mexico the NM Gaming Control Board. The gambling legislation of Mexico was last amended in 2004 and doesn't address internet gambling at all.
Bingo can only be conducted for fundraising purposes by eligible charitable organizations according to The Bingo and Raffle Act of Mexico.
The legal gambling age is 18.
# Gallon per watt-hour

The gallon per watt-hour or (G/Wh) is a formula used to test the efficiency of a pool pump or sump pump.

## California Title 20

California's Appliance Efficiency Regulations were established in 1976 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption. Through that "Title 20" was born.
Over time with the increase of pools and their complexity, the potential energy savings from residential pool pumps has become huge.
Residential pool pumps were first included in the 2005 Title-20 appliance standards that were adopted at the end of 2005.
California has a limited ability to produce electricity. When California electrical demand exceeds its production capacity the utility companies must purchase electricity, usually form out of state companies at a much higher cost. The cost of building power plants and the environmental issues they bring make it difficult to build power plants quick enough to keep up with California's energy needs. This makes conservation the most feasible and economical solution for the utility companies.
There are approximately 1.5 million pools in California that consume an average of 2,000 watts when running. Those 2,000 watts can be reduced by controlling the size and performance of the pool and spa filter pump.

## How it's calculated

G/Wh makes it easy for homeowners and plumbing professionals to quickly determine the energy efficiency of a pump. Simply stated G/Wh links efficiency and performance by illustrating how many gallons of water are pumped using one watt hour of electricity.
To calculate G/Wh, take the gallons per hour (GPH) pumped, divided by the power the pump consumes in watts. GPH/W = G/Wh

## California Title 24

California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, also known as the California Building Standards Code, is a compilation of three types of building standards from three different origins:
* Building standards that have been adopted by state agencies without change from building standards contained in national model codes
* Building standards that have been adopted and adapted from the national model code standards to meet California conditions
* Building standards, authorized by the California legislature, that constitute extensive additions not covered by the model codes that have been adopted to address particular California concerns.
Residential swimming pool standards are included in the 2008 Title-24 building standards. The Energy Commission adopted the 2008 Standards on April 23, 2008, and the Building Standards Commission approved them for publication on September 11, 2008. The 2008 Residential Compliance Manual was adopted by the Commission on December 17, 2008, and the 2008 Non-residential Compliance Manual was adopted January 14, 2009.
# Gambelia speciosa

Gambelia speciosa, previously classified as Galvezia speciosa, is commonly known as showy island snapdragon or showy greenbright.
It is a perennial plant, which is endemic to California chaparral and woodlands habitats on the Channel Islands in Southern California, and on Guadalupe Island west of the Baja California Peninsula in Baja California, Mexico.
It is listed as an endangered species on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California.
The genus name of Gambelia is in honour of William Gambel (1823–1849), an American naturalist, ornithologist, and botanist. The Latin epithet of speciosa is derived from speciosus meaning showy. It was first described and published in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Vol.4 (Mar.-Apr.) on page 7 in 1848.

## Cultivation

Gambelia speciosa is cultivated as an ornamental plant for native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens. It generally prefers a sunny site and well-drained soil, with minimal summer water. The flowers attract hummingbirds.
# Elizabeth Putnam

Elizabeth Putnam may refer to:
* Elizabeth Putnam (figure skater) (born 1984), Canadian competitive figure skater
* Elizabeth Cushman Titus Putnam (born 1933), American conservationist and founder of the Student Conservation Association
* Elizabeth Lowell Putnam (1862–1935), American philanthropist and activist for prenatal care
* Elizabeth Putnam Sohier (1847–1926), a member of Boston's wealthy class, librarian, and library advocate
# Elwendia

Elwendia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Turkey to Central Asia and Western Himalaya.

## Species

Species:
* Elwendia afghanica (Beauverd) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia alata (Pimenov & Kljuykov) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia angreni (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia badachschanica (Kamelin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia bucharica Kljuykov & Lyskov
* Elwendia cabulica (Bornm.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia capusii (Franch.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia caroides Boiss.
* Elwendia chaerophylloides (Regel & Schmalh.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia cylindrica (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia fedtschenkoana (Korovin ex Kamelin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia hissarica (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia intermedia (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia kopetdagensis (Geld.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia kuhitangi (Nevski) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia latiloba (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia lindbergii (Rech.f. & Riedl) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia longipes (Freyn) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia salsa (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia sary-cheleki (Lazkov & Kljuykov) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia seravschanica (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia setacea (Schrenk) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia stewartiana (Nasir) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia ugamica Kljuykov & Lyskov
* Elwendia vaginata (Korovin) Pimenov & Kljuykov
* Elwendia wolffii (Kljuykov) Pimenov & Kljuykov
# Elwen

Elwen (also known as Elvan, Elven, etc.) was the name of an early saint or saints venerated in Cornwall and Brittany. The hagiographical material asserts that he came to Cornwall from Ireland in the company of Breage and six others, but this is attested late. A chapel at Porthleven in Sithney parish, Cornwall, dedicated to Elwen, existed from the 13th century until 1549, and in Brittany several sites and placenames are associated with possibly related figures.

## History

The name St Elvan is attached to a chapel at Porthleven in Sithney recorded as early as 1270. This chapel was rebuilt c. 1510 but was destroyed in 1549. Elwen appears in John Leland's extracts from a lost late-medieval Life of Saint Breage included in his Itinerary. Leland's extracts name Elwen as one of Saint Breage's seven Irish companions who join her on her mission to Cornwall, the others being Sithney, Germoe, Mavuanus (perhaps Mawnan), Crowan, Helena, and Tecla. The text also refers to a Life of St Elwinus, evidently a lost hagiography of Elwin. A few medieval and early modern Cornish sources mention Elwen and his chapel, but little else is known of him there. One document mentions him in connection to an otherwise unknown Saint Gelvin, though this may be based on a mistake or a fraud. In Brittany two apparently distinct saints with corresponding names are known. A Saint Elouan is said to have had his chapel at Saint-Guen, and to have been buried there, while a Saint Elven gave his name to the commune of Elven, Morbihan. It is unknown which, if either, may be identified with the Cornish Elwen. In modern times a Church of St Elwyn has been established at Hayle, probably inspired by the legend recorded in Leland's work that Elwen and company had landed there from Ireland.
# Embassy of Russia, Oslo

The Embassy of Russia in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of Russia to Norway. The embassy is located next to Ukraine Square at Skarpsno. The square outside the embassy was renamed Ukraine Square by the city on 7 March 2022 in support of Ukraine's freedom, in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The borough voted on 8 March 2022 to change the formal address of the Russian embassy to Ukraine Square.

## History

The oldest building on the lot is a house built in 1867 for Colonel F.P.L. Næser by architect Wilhelm von Hanno. From 1926, the house was the residence of German minister Edmund Rohmberg, and later by Curt Bräuer. The building closest to Drammensveien, was built by the Germans in 1926, and drawn by Oscar Hoff. After the conclusion of World War II, the building was seized by the Norwegian government and made available for the Soviet Union.

## The embassy building

The complex of buildings of the Russian Embassy is located at Ukraine Square on an area of 11.5 hectares and since 1946, it is on an indefinite rent.
Since 1924, started the history of the complex of buildings of the diplomatic mission of Russia in Norway, when diplomatic relations were established between the USSR and Norway. It was the time when the premises located in a house on 22A, Incognitogata Street, were allocated to the needs of the USSR Embassy.
In June 1940, Norway was occupied by fascist Germany and diplomatic relations with the USSR were interrupted.
After the end of the World War II in 1946, the diplomatic relations at the embassy level were restored and two buildings along Drammensween Street 74 were allocated for the premises of the USSR Embassy. Before that, the diplomatic representation of Germany was located in these buildings for 20 years.
One of the buildings, a mansion with an area of 900 m$^2$, was designed in the middle of the 19th century by the famous German architect Wilhelm von Hanno, commissioned by the State General and Marshal of the royal court Frederic Neser. In 1885, the house was bought by Norwegian W. E. Kier, one of the five sons of a wealthy timber merchant H. Kiera, and was inherited for 40 years. The interior of the building, despite a series of rearrangements, was largely preserved in its original form. Currently, the Embassy’s protocol events are held in this building.