OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yuka (music)

Yuka is a secular Afro-Cuban musical tradition which involves drumming, singing and dancing. It was developed in western Cuba by Kongo slaves during colonial times. Yuka predates other Afro-Cuban genres of dance music like rumba and has survived in Kongo communities of Pinar del Río, specifically in El Guayabo and Barbacoa, San Luis. Since the 1940s, yuka performances have been recorded by researchers such as Harold Courlander and María Teresa Linares.

## Music
### Drumming

The Bantu word yuka means "to beat" and is also used to refer to the drums used in yuka performances. According to Fernando Ortiz, yuka drums were known in the Kongo language as ngóma bobóla mámbu, where ngóma means "drum", bobóla "deep sound" and mámbu "collective business". These drums are made from hollowed-out trunks of the avocado tree. Leather is nailed to one of the open ends, and the player hits the skin with both hands, the drum being slanted between his legs. The drums come in three sizes:
* caja, the largest and lowest-pitched yuka drum;
* mula, medium sized;
* cachimbo, the smallest and highest-pitched drum, it is also known as tumba, tumbador, llamador or tahona.
Modern conga drums, also known as tumbadoras, may descend from the yuka drums.
Rhythms may also be played on the drum body, the drummer using a small mallet or a stave in one hand, the other hand slapping the leather. The drummer wears two small rattles (nkembí), made of metal or gourds, on his wrists. The drums may be accompanied by staves on a guagua (hollow wooden slit drum) or the drum body, and by percussion on a piece of iron, the muela or a guataca (a hoe pick used for plowing). The yuka accompanied by this guataca bell plays a variation of the commonly used tresillo pattern.

### Singing

Like most Afro-Cuban music, yuka singing is based on call and response. Songs have a simple structure and sung phrases are generally short. There is a main motif over which singers are allowed to improvise.

## Dance

The secular dance is performed by a couple as a stylised contest: the man chases, the woman avoids. The origin of the yuka lies in western Cuba, particularly Matanzas and Pinar del Río, where it gave rise to the yambú style of rumba. There are several dance moves in yuka that are not found in rumba, such as ronquido (side steps) and campanero (figure eight).
# Mark Justice

Mark Justice (born c. 1970) is a former Magic: The Gathering pro player. He was considered by some to be the best player of the game in its earliest era of professional play. Justice was the second Magic: The Gathering US National Champion in 1995. He also led the first Magic US National Team to the first world team victory of the first team portion of the World Championships.
Justice placed 3rd at the 1995 World Championships, 6th at the first Pro Tour in New York, 1996, 2nd at the 1996 World Championships, and 2nd at PT Paris in 1997. His last appearance was in 1999.
Justice is also an author of the basic and advanced Magic: The Gathering strategy guides.
At Pro Tour Atlanta in 1998, Justice was disqualified from competition for cheating in the limited draft portion of the event. Justice knowingly submitted an incorrect draft list, then proceeded to purchase an additional card from a vendor and attempt to add the card to his deck. The extra card ("Muscle Sliver") was from a different print run and had visibly different color shading from the other three copies he had drafted, and Justice was immediately found out. After lying again about the card, he was given the opportunity to prove his story, that he had purchased a copy to replace faulty card he drafted and threw away, by producing the copy he had supposedly discarded. Justice refused this opportunity, resulting in his disqualification. This was the most prominent of several incidents of cheating and foul play that have thus far prevented Justice from being admitted to Magic's "Hall of Fame."

## Accomplishments

| Season | Event type | Location | Format | Date | Rank |
| None | Nationals | Philadelphia | Special | July 15–16, 1995 | 1 |
| None | Worlds | Seattle | Special | August 5–7, 1995 | 3 |
| None | Worlds | Seattle | National team | August 5–7, 1995 | 1 |
| 1996 | Pro Tour | New York | Standard | February 16–18, 1996 | 6 |
| 1996 | Worlds | Seattle | Special | August 14–18, 1996 | 2 |
| 1996–97 | Pro Tour | Paris | Block Constructed | April 11–13, 1997 | 2 |
| 1997–98 | Invitational | Rio de Janeiro | Special | January 29 – February 2, 1998 | 6 |
| 1997–98 | Pro Tour | New York | Limited | April 17–19, 1998 | 7 |
Last updated: December 7, 2008 Source: Wizards.com
# Locardia Ndandarika

Locardia Ndandarika (1945 – 5 January 2023), was a Zimbabwean sculptor.
A native of Bindura, as a young girl Ndandarika made models in clay using traditional methods. In 1964. she married Joseph Ndandarika, divorcing him in 1978. During their marriage she learned more about sculpture, and later turned to it full-time. In 1986 she became a member of the Workshop Gallery; she was also invited to work at the Chapungu Sculpture Park. In 1990, she was invited to participate in the Commonwealth Games in New Zealand. Ndandarika has exhibited and held workshops in the United States, the Netherlands, South Africa, and New Zealand since 1997.
She is the mother of Ronnie Dongo and Virginia Ndandarika.
# Holy Spirit Church, Newtown

Holy Spirit Church, Newtown is a parish church in the Church of England located in Newtown, Isle of Wight.

## History

The church dates from 1835 by the architect A. F. Livesay, and was built on the site of a ruined medieval chapel. Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described the church as 'the finest early nineteenth century church on the Island'.

## Church status

The church is grouped with All Saints' Church, Calbourne.
# Hundred Mile High City

"Hundred Mile High City" is a song by British rock band Ocean Colour Scene, taken as the first single from their third studio album, Marchin' Already (1997). The song was released in 1997 and reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's joint most-successful single on the UK Singles Chart and their second-most successful in terms of number of weeks spent in the top 75, staying in for seven weeks. It was also their first single to chart in Ireland and the Netherlands, peaking at numbers 15 and 98, respectively.
In 1998, "Hundred Mile High City" appeared on the soundtrack to the black comedy crime film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. After the film premiered in the United States the following year, the song was added to several US alternative radio stations in mid-March 1999.

## Personnel

Personnel are taken from the UK CD single liner notes and the Marchin' Already album booklet.
* Ocean Colour Scene – writing, production, recording, mixing, engineering
** Simon Fowler – vocals, guitar
** Steve Cradock – guitar, piano
** Damon Minchella – bass guitar
** Oscar Harrison – drums
* Brendan Lynch – production, recording, mixing, engineering
* Martyn "Max" Heyes – production, engineering

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | 16 June 1997 | 7-inch vinylCDcassette | MCA |
| Japan | 21 August 1997 | CD | Universal |
| United States | 13 March 1999 | Alternative radio | MCA |

## In popular culture

"Hundred Mile High City" was used as the theme to the film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and the computer game Three Lions.
# Memory manager

Memory manager may refer to:
* Memory management, a form of resource management applied to computer memory
* Memory management unit, primarily performing the translation of virtual memory addresses to physical addresses
* DOS memory management
** Expanded memory manager (EMM)
** Extended memory manager (XMM)
*** HIMEM.SYS
** 80386 memory manager, may manage both expanded and extended memory
*** 386MAX
*** CEMM
*** EMM386
*** QEMM
# Gutshot Straight

Gutshot Straight is a 2014 American direct-to-video action film directed by Justin Steele, and starring George Eads, AnnaLynne McCord, Stephen Lang, Steven Seagal, Tia Carrere, Vinnie Jones, Ted Levine and Fiona Dourif.

## Plot

Jack is a professional poker player who gets involved with the underworld after taking a wager proposed by gambler Duffy. In order to protect his family and himself, Jack must outwit Duffy's brother Lewis and scheming wife May, each of whom is trying to force him to murder the other. Jack seeks the help of Paulie Trunks, a loan shark who is looking to collect on Jack's poker debts and wants to protect his investment.

## Cast

* George Eads as Jack
* AnnaLynne McCord as May
* Stephen Lang as Duffy
* Steven Seagal as Paulie Trunks
* Tia Carrere as Leanne
* Vinnie Jones as Carl
* Ted Levine as Lewis
* Fiona Dourif as Gina
* Elsie Fisher as Stephanie
* John Lewis as Nico
* Daniel Aldema as Forrest
* Mark D. Espinoza as Schmidt
* Loni Love as Ms. Love
* Katie Lanigan as Stace
* John Rushing as Pete

## Production

The movie was filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada.
# Political Economy of Research and Innovation

The Political Economy of Research and Innovation (PERI) (or sometimes political economy of technoscience) is an emerging academic field at the interface of science and technology studies and political economy. It focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of knowledge, and how these shape and are shaped by different political economies. Most scholars in this field have so-far focused on the two-way relationship between science, technology, and innovation and political economic processes, practices, and logics.
It has its origins in the critique of neoclassical or orthodox economics of science by scholars like Philip Mirowski, the 'economic turn' in science and technology studies (see social studies of finance and valuation studies), and innovation studies or science policy.
Examples of the field include:
* An annual Changing Political Economy of Research and Innovation (CPERI) workshop which has been held in Lancaster (UK 2012), Toronto (Canada 2013), San Diego (USA 2015), Liege (Belgium 2016), Boston (USA 2017), and Lancaster (UK 2018).
* Programmatic handbooks like The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science (2017, edited by David Tyfield, Rebecca Lave, Samuel Randalls, and Charles Thorpe) and Critical Studies of Innovation (2017, edited by Benoît Godin and Dominique Vinck) published by Edward Elgar.
* Special issues of academic journals.
* Graduate courses in science and technology studies programs.
# Paul Scriptoris

Paul Scriptoris (c. 1460 – 21 October 1505) was a German Franciscan mathematician, Scotist, and professor at the University of Tübingen. His surname is a Latin translation of the original German name Schreiber ("writer"). Born in Weil der Stadt, Scriptoris studied at Paris and joined the Franciscan order. He subsequently began teaching at Tübingen. Konrad Pellikan, who became Scriptoris’ most favored pupil, joined him at Tübingen in March 1496.
Scriptoris was an extremely successful teacher in the natural sciences, and awakened interest in this subject in many of his students. His students included his fellow professors and members of other religious orders.
He lectured on the cosmography of Ptolemy and also taught and studied Euclid. He also wrote a commentary on a work by Duns Scotus, which was published by Johann Ottmar on 24 March 1498. It carries the distinction of being the first book created with a printing press in the city of Tübingen.
At Tübingen, Scriptoris opposed the appointment of the Realist Johann Heynlin to the faculty.
In 1499, Scriptoris was lecturing against transubstantiation of the bread into the body of Christ. For this he was banished by the Franciscans and died in exile, at Kaysersberg in Alsace.

## Works

* Lectura Fratris Pauli Scriptoris Ordinis Minorum de observantia quam edidit declarando subtilissimas Doctoris subtilis sententias circa Magistrum in primo libro, Tübingen, 1498, online.
* Carpi (ed. Joannes de Montesdoca), 1506.
* These des Paul Scriptoris OFM über die in Konstanz übliche Praxis der öffentlichen Buße, in: Rottenburger Jb. für Kirchengesch. 11 (1992), 115 f.

## Sources

* Helmut Feld (1995). "Scriptoris, Paul". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 9. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1258–1261. ISBN 3-88309-058-1.
* Scotism (Scriptoris mentioned)
* Martyrs
# James de Givenchy

James Claude Taffin de Givenchy (born August 27, 1963) is an American businessman and jewelry designer. He is the owner of the jewelry company Taffin, which he founded in 1996.

## Early life

Givenchy was born and raised in Beauvais, a suburb which is located one hour north of Paris. He was the youngest of seven children born to Jean-Claude de Givenchy (1925-2009) and his American-born wife Patricia Marie de Givenchy (née Myrick; 1926-2009). His father was long-time president of Parfums Givenchy. His mother was born in Washington, D.C. and met Givenchy while he was working in New York as an executive for Air France. During that period they resided in Greenwich, Connecticut but relocated to France after he took over the management of Parfums Givenchy. His mother died in Saint Malo in Brittany. He was a nephew of the fashion designer and founder of Givenchy, Hubert de Givenchy.

## Career

James de Givenchy moved to New York in the early 1980s, where he earned a degree in Fine Arts from Manhattanville College and an associate degree in graphic design from F.I.T. He joined Christie's auction house where he ultimately ran the West Coast Jewelry Department in Los Angeles between 1991 and 1994. He left to work for Fulco di Verdura and then started his own jewelry concern in Manhattan in 1996.
He has cited Suzanne Belperron and Jeanne Toussaint as key influences. Taffin pieces have been featured in multiple fashion magazines. In 2003, Givenchy's jewelry was exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art. He also received a Star of Design Award in 2008 for his work in the field of jewelry design.
In 2008, Taffin launched a limited edition series of men's wristwatches which have been featured in Men's Vogue. In June 2008, he was named creative director for Sotheby's Diamonds.
In 2012, Givenchy was appointed as Baccarat's first creative director. He was featured in Architectural Digest and the Wall Street Journal.

## Personal life

He is married to Gina de Givenchy, they have one daughter.
Givenchy resides in New York City, New York.
# Dino Basaldella

Dino Aldo Basaldella (Udine, 26 April 1909 – Udine, 7 January 1977) was an Italian sculptor and painter.

## Biography

Dino had two brothers, Mirko and Afro who also became artists. Dino studied in Venice and Florence. By the 1930s, he was a member of the modernist artists in the Friuli region. He exhibited his work in Rome as early as 1935, and in 1960 at the gallery La Tartaruga. His work was exhibited for the first time at the Venice Biennial in 1936, and again in 1964. In 1961, his work was on display in various places in the USA: at the Princeton University Art Museum and the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh; the art gallery of Pennsylvania State University; and he had a solo exhibition at the Catherine Viviano Gallery in New York.
In the late 1960s and the early 1970s, he created the Resistance memorial in Udine (1968–1970) and the monumental sculpture in front of the Kennedy Institute in the town of Pordenone (1973–1974). From 1942 to 1947, he taught sculpture at the Art Lyceum (Liceo Artistico) and the Academy of Fine Arts (Accademia di Belle Arti) in Venice; from 1948 to 1969 at the Art Institutes (Istituto d'Arte) in Gorizia and Udine; and from 1970 to 1975 at the Brera Academy in Milan. He died in Udine.
# Martin Anderson House

The Martin Anderson House is a historic adobe brick house located at 105 North 300 West in Brigham City, Utah. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 2003.

## Description and history

It is a 1+1⁄2-story cross-wing house built around 1886 and was expanded to its current size in 1901, making it one of few pioneer-era houses in its area that has not been "remodeled unsympathetically". It includes Greek Revival and Late Victorian architectural elements. It was deemed historically important "for its association with the pioneering phase of the [Brigham City] community and the fruit industry" and is one of eight or fewer classical-style houses in Brigham surviving from the pioneering/settlement period.
# Nial Tanvir

Nial Rahil Tanvir (born 1965) is a British astronomer at the University of Leicester. His research specialisms are the Extragalactic distance scale, Galaxy evolution and Gamma ray bursts. Tanvir has featured in various TV programs, including The Sky at Night hosted by Sir Patrick Moore, and Horizon
Tanvir studied Maths and Physics at Durham University (St Aidan's College), graduating in 1986. He was awarded a PhD from the same institution in Cosmology in 1992. He subsequently held a postdoctoral position at Durham before joining the Cambridge University Institute of Astronomy and later the University of Hertfordshire. He was appointed Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Leicester in 2006.
Tanvir headed the international team that discovered the infrared afterglow of GRB 090423 (detected 2009 April 23), the most distant source in the Universe recorded up to that date.
In 2013 he led a team that discovered so-called kilonova emission accompanying GRB 130603B, which provided the first direct evidence that short-duration gamma-ray bursts are created by merging compact sources, either two neutron-stars or a neutron-star and black-hole. He subsequently made the co-discovery of the kilonova AT2017gfo, the counterpart of the first binary neutron star merger that was also detected by its gravitational wave emission, GW170817.

## Honours and awards

In 2002 he was a member of the research group which won the European Union Descartes Prize for their pioneering work on gamma-ray bursts. He was awarded the Herschel Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2019.
# Melitaea varia

Melitaea varia, the Grisons fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the Alps at heights of 1,500–2,600 m (4,900–8,500 ft), especially in the Swiss cantons Valais, Engadin and Graubünden. It is also found in the Ortler region in South Tyrol, Alpes-Maritimes and Drôme in France, high areas of Tirol in Austria and high areas in the Apennine Mountains such as Abruzzo.

## Description

The wingspan is 24–28 mm.

## Description from Seitz

varia Meyer-Dür (65b) is a smaller form from the higher Alps, recognizable by the markings on the hindwing beneath, which are pale yellow in the nymotypical form, being silvery white. In the male the markings in the median area of the forewing are usually somewhat obsolescent, the network formed by the veins and transverse lines being interrupted or paler before the apex. The female often shaded with blackish, the ground-colour having a tint of brass-colour or olive; the abdomen very heavy.

## Similar species

* Melitaea parthenoides. This species is larger, with a more distinct trellis pattern, and has fox-red palpi that are usually dark brown in varia . In addition, it flies in low-lying regions, so that there is hardly any overlapping of the flight area.
* Male
* Male underside
* Female
* Female underside

## Biology

There is one generation per year. The butterfly flies from June to August depending on the location. The larvae feed on various low-growing plants, including Plantago alpina, Gentiana verna and Gentiana acaulis.
# Grand Theatre, Lancaster

The Grand Theatre in Lancaster, England is one of the oldest theatres in England and the third oldest in Britain, having been in near continuous use since 1782. Though it has seen numerous extensions and alterations, much of the original stone has survived. The theatre is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
Prior to its construction, theatrical performances were held in barns and inns in Lancaster as early as the 1760s. for example during the summer of 1777, the play The Orphan of China by Arthur Murphy was performed in one of these temporary theatres.
The theatre was built in 1781, becoming one of the first permanent theatres in Britain. The theatre was opened in June 1782, by Joseph Austin (an actor) and Charles Edward Whitlock (a dentist), who managed a circuit of theatres across the north of England. It was known simply as "The Theatre, Lancaster".
In that first summer, the plays Hamlet and The Belle's Stratagem were performed at the theatre, and received good reviews. In 1795, Macbeth was performed, and playing Lady Macbeth was Sarah Siddons, who was the sister-in-law of Whitlock. Other performers included Edmund Kean, Joseph Grimaldi and Ira Aldridge, the first black actor to appear in the UK. In September 1833 Italian violinist Niccolò Paganini played at the theatre. By the end of the 1830s, the theatre was less used for performances, and increasingly used for meetings of the Temperance society and for formal lectures. In 1843 Edmund Sharpe bought the theatre, and after an extension and alteration, he reopened it in 1849 as a music hall as well as a museum for the local Literary and Natural History Society. By 1860 it was owned and operated by a private company called the Lancaster Athenaeum, which Sharpe founded. Charles Dickens appeared twice in the 1860s.
The theatre was closed in 1882. In May 1884 the theatre found a new owner, Henry Wilkinson, who had the building was altered, and it was re-opened as the Athenaeum Theatre. In 1897 the theatre was modified again, including a new stage, by architect Frank Matcham.
The work of Matcham was lost when the building was badly damaged by fire in 1908. With the interior rebuilt in the same year (the new design by architect Albert Winstanley), it re-opened as The Grand Theatre. Theatre tours are offered monthly.
The Grand Theatre seats 457 on two levels. It is owned by the Lancaster Footlights who started performing in the 1920s and bought the Grand Theatre in 1951 to save it from demolition. The Grand Theatre plays host to amateur and professional shows. There are plans for a major extension on the east side of the building; the New Foyer will provide new reception, foyer and bar space, rehearsal and studio theatre.