OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Noble ranks of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom developed a complicated peerage system for noble ranks.

## King/Prince

Wang (王, lit. "king" or "prince") was the highest title of nobility, often hereditary, ranked just below the Heavenly King. There were five ranks of wang:
| Ranks | Granted to | Notable people | Notes |
| King of the First Rank (一等王) | powerful ministers | Yang Xiuqing, the East King (東王 楊秀清) Xiao Chaogui, the West King (西王 蕭朝貴) Feng Yunshan, the South King (南王 馮雲山) Wei Changhui, the North King (北王 韋昌輝) Shi Dakai, the Flank King (翼王 石達開) Hong Rengan, the Shield King (干王 洪仁玕) | |
| Prince of the Second Rank (二等王) | provincial commanders | Chen Yucheng, the Heroic Prince (英王 陳玉成) Li Xiucheng, the Loyal Prince (忠王 李秀成) Li Shixian, the Servant Prince (侍王 李世賢) | |
| Prince of the Third Rank (三等王) | important generals | Wang Haiyang, the Peaceful Prince [zh] (康王 汪海洋) Huang Wenjin, the Wall Prince [zh] (堵王 黃文金) Chen Bingwen, the Obedient Prince [zh] (聽王 陳炳文) | |
| Prince of the Fourth Rank (四等王) | | Hong Renzheng, the Sympathetic Prince [zh] (恤王 洪仁政) | |
| Ranged Prince (列王) | | | Also known as Tiny Prince (小王) the lowest rank prince prince without title |

## Non-hereditary nobility ranks

Below the king or prince, there were six ranks of nobility (Chinese: 六等爵) in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: E (義 Yì), An (安 Ān), Fu (福 Fú), Yen (燕 Yān), Yü (豫 Yù) and Hou (侯 Hóu). The nobility titles were not hereditary.
E and An were most highest ranks of the nobility, once they were very noble titles of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. If the Heavenly King wanted to promote someone, he gave the person either E or An. However, this rule was challenged after 1860 because the nobility titles had been given too freely.
| Ranks | Male titles | Female titles | Derived from | Creation time | Notes |
| 1 | E (義) | Nü zhen jiang (女貞姜) | Prince Yi (義王, lit. "the Righteousness Prince"), the title of Shi Dakai | 1856 | |
| 2 | An (安) | Nü zhen an (女貞安) | Prince An (安王, lit. "the Peaceful Prince"), the title of Hong Renfa [zh] | 1856 | |
| 3 | Fu (福) | Nü zhen fu (女貞福) | Prince Fu (福王, lit. "the Prosperous Prince"), the title of Hong Renda [zh] | 1856 | |
| 4 | Yen (燕) | Nü zhen yen (女貞燕) | Prince of Yan (燕王), the title of Qin Rigang | 1856 | |
| 5 | Yü (豫) | Nü zhen yü (女貞豫) | Prince of Yu (豫王), the title of Hu Yihuang [zh] | 1854 | |
| 6 | Hou (侯) | Nü zhen hou (女貞侯) | | | Equal to marquess |

### Notable people

* Chen Yucheng was titled Cheng Tian Yi (成天義) in 1857
* Liang Chengfu was titled Zeng Tian Yi (則天義) in 1860
* Tan Shaoguang was titled Jian Tian Yi (建天義) in 1861
* Ye Yenlai was titled Sho Tian An (受天安) in 1857
* Hong Rengan was titled Gan Tian Fu (干天福) in 1859
* Qin Rigang was titled Ding Tian Yan (頂天燕) in 1856
* Hu Yihuang [zh] was titled Hu Tian Yu (護天豫) in 1854
# Henry Jenkins (disambiguation)

Henry Jenkins is a media scholar at USC.
Henry Jenkins may also refer to:
* Henry Jenkins (longevity claimant) (died 1670), English supercentenarian claimant
* Henry Jenkins (MP) for Boroughbridge
* Harry Jenkins (Henry Alfred Jenkins, born 1952), Australian politician
# Total body irradiation

Total body irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for haematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation. As the name implies, TBI involves irradiation of the entire body, though in modern practice the lungs are often partially shielded to lower the risk of radiation-induced lung injury. Total body irradiation in the setting of bone marrow transplantation serves to destroy or suppress the recipient's immune system, preventing immunologic rejection of transplanted donor bone marrow or blood stem cells. Additionally, high doses of total body irradiation can eradicate residual cancer cells in the transplant recipient, increasing the likelihood that the transplant will be successful.

## Dosage

Doses of total body irradiation used in bone marrow transplantation typically range from 10 to >12 Gy. For reference, an unfractionated (i.e. single exposure) dose of 4.5 Gy is fatal in 50% of exposed individuals without aggressive medical care. The 10-12 Gy is typically delivered across multiple fractions to minimise toxicities to the patient.
Early research in bone marrow transplantation by E. Donnall Thomas and colleagues demonstrated that this process of splitting TBI into multiple smaller doses resulted in lower toxicity and better outcomes than delivering a single, large dose. The time interval between fractions allows other normal tissues some time to repair some of the damage caused. However, the dosing is still high enough that the ultimate result is the destruction of both the patient's bone marrow (allowing donor marrow to engraft) and any residual cancer cells. Non-myeloablative bone marrow transplantation uses lower doses of total body irradiation, typically about 2 Gy, which do not destroy the host bone marrow but do suppress the host immune system sufficiently to promote donor engraftment.

## Usage in other cancers

In addition to its use in bone marrow transplantation, total body irradiation has been explored as a treatment modality for high-risk Ewing sarcoma. However, subsequent findings suggest that TBI in this setting causes toxicity without improving disease control, and TBI is not currently used in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma outside of clinical trials.

## Fertility

Total body irradiation results in infertility in most cases, with recovery of gonadal function occurring in 10−14% of females. The number of pregnancies observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involving such a procedure is lower than 2%. Fertility preservation measures mainly include cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, embryos or oocytes. Gonadal function has been reported to recover in less than 20% of males after TBI.
# Zhang Hanzhi

Zhang Hanzhi (Chinese: 章含之; pinyin: Zhāng Hánzhī; Wade–Giles: Chang$^1$ Han$^2$-chih$^1$; 14 July 1935 – 26 January 2008) was a Chinese diplomat who was Mao Zedong's English teacher and U.S. President Richard Nixon's interpreter during his historic 1972 trip to China.

## Early life and education

Zhang was born in Shanghai in 1935, the love child of socialite Tan Xueqing and Chen Du, son of General Chen Tiaoyuan. She was adopted by General Chen's friend, educator and statesman Zhang Shizhao. Her family moved to Beijing in 1949 and four years later, Zhang entered the Beijing Foreign Studies University, where she taught after graduating with a master's degree.

## Career

Zhang first met Mao Zedong in 1950. She started to know him and translate English for him. The lessons abruptly stopped in 1964 as the Cultural Revolution began taking shape. In 1971, Zhang was transferred to China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where she began her diplomatic career and attended a series of landmark meetings, including the ones with Nixon, when the countries began restoring diplomatic relations.

## Personal life

Zhang married her first husband Hong Junyan (洪君彦), a Peking University professor, in 1949. Zhang and Hong had a daughter, Hung Huang, who later became an entrepreneur and media figure.
In his memoir, Hong Junyan states that when he was persecuted and humiliated at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Hanzhi offered no sympathy and instead despised him. She began an affair with a colleague at the Beijing Foreign Languages Institute, and was caught in the act by Hong's sister. In 1969, Hong was sent to perform manual labour in Jiangxi Province, and when he returned to Beijing in 1971, rumours were circulating that Zhang was having an affair with Qiao Guanhua, the head of China's UN delegation. Zhang requested a divorce in December 1972, which was finalized in March 1973, and Zhang married Qiao afterwards.
Zhang died on 26 January 2008, due to a lung-related illness.
# Pilbara dtella

The Pilbara dtella (Gehyra pilbara) is a species of gecko endemic to Australia.
# Manibhadresvara Siva Temple – I

Manibhadresvara Siva temple is located in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
It was built around 14th century A.D. and is located at Latitude of 20 degree 14’ 45" N., Longitude of 85 degree 50’ 14" E.,and Elevation of 55 ft and is situated in the eastern embankment of Bindusagar tank. It is on the right side of the road branching from Kedara-Gouri to Lingaraja temple. The enshrined deity is a Siva-lingam within a circular yoni pitha at the centre of sanctum. The temple is facing towards north.

## Significance
### Historic significance

Local people ascribe the temple to the Kesaris (Samavamsis), that architecture does not conform to local legend.

### Cultural significance

Rituals like Sankranti are celebrated in the temple.

### Social significance

Sradha, pindadana, mundanakriya are also performed in the temple .

## Physical description
### Surrounding

The temple is surrounded by Bindusagar tank in the west and Dalmiya Dharmasala in south-east at a distance of 20.00 m across the road.

### Architectural features

On plan, the temple has a pidha Vimana measuring 1.70 m$^2$ and stands on a low pista with a height of 0.38 m. On elevation, the vimana has bada, gandi and mastaka measuring 2.42 m in height from bottom to the top. With threefold division of the bada the temple has a trianga bada measuring 1.26 meters height. The pabhaga, jangha and baranda measures 0.38 m, 0.71 m and 0.17 m in height respectively. The gandi measures 1.00 m and mastaka 0.16 m in height.

### Building techniques

It is built with Laterite by Dry masonry Construction techniques and kalingan style.
# Gettle

Gettle is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lewis E. Gettle (1863–1930), American educator, lawyer, and politician
* William Gettle (c. 1887–1941), American businessman
# University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

The University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (German: Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - in short: VUW) was founded in 1767 as the world's third school for veterinary medicine (after Lyon and Alfort) by Milan's Ludovico Scotti, originally named k. k. Pferde-Curen- und Operationsschule (literally, "Imperial-Royal School for the Cure and Surgery of Horses"). Today, it has c. 2,800 students and c. 600 employees.

## Spin-offs

Since 2002, universities in Austria can found spin-off companies. Most of the spin-off companies are still located on the university's grounds: Animal Health IT, Biomodels Austria, Innovaphyt, Marinomed, Mycosafe, Novelix, VetWIDI, VirBiomed, ViruSure
The university also operates the Teaching and Research Farms outside of Vienna.
# Lanzenbach

Lanzenbach may refer to:
* Lanzenbach (Bühler), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Bühler
* Lanzenbach (Speltach), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Speltach
* Lanzenbach (Weißach), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Weißach
# Gibbestola griseovaria

Gibbestola griseovaria is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.
# Total complement activity

Total complement activity (TCA) refers to a series of tests that determine the functioning of the complement system in an individual.

## Tests

Complement tests :
| C4 (C) | FB (A) | C3 | CH50 | Conditions |
| · | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | PSG, C3 NeF AA |
| ↓ | · | ↓ | · | HAE, C4D |
| · | · | · | ↓ | TCPD |
| ↓ | ·/↓ | ↓ | ↓ | SLE |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | inflammation |
A variety of tests can be used to measure TCA, but the most commonly used on is the CH50 test. Other tests include the liposome immunoassay (LIA), single tube titration method, and the plate-hemolysis method.

### CH50 Procedure

The test is based on the capacity of an individual's serum to lyse sheep erythrocytes coated with anti-sheep antibodies (preferably rabbit IgG). The individual's serum is diluted until a minimum concentration of 50% of the sheep's red blood cells are lysed. This is recorded as the CH50.
CH50 tests the classical complement pathway and thus requires functioning C1-C9 factors.

### CH50 Interpretation

If an individual has deficient or malfunctioning complement factors, then at a baseline they have decreased capacity to lyse the erythrocytes. Therefore, any dilution to their serum would further impair this functioning, meaning that a lower dilution needs to be reached to achieve 50% capacity. In contrast, any individual with increased complement levels or activity would have an elevated CH50 since increasing dilution would be necessary to reach the 50% lyse marking.
Decreased CH50 values may be seen in cirrhosis or hepatitis as a result of impaired complement production in the liver. It can also be seen in systemic lupus erythematosus as a result of increased usage of complement factors due to the pathology of the autoimmune condition. It is decreased during attacks of hereditary angioedema (but those with the disease have a normal value in between attacks).
Increased CH50 values means that their complement is hyperfunctional relative to normal, and this may be seen in cancer or ulcerative colitis.
One can interpret the CH50 value along with the individual's complement factor values to help determine the etiology. For example, if and individual has normal C3/C4 values but a decreased CH50, that can indicate a terminal complement pathway deficiency while if one has low C3 and CH50 values that can indicate an autoimmune condition such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Alternative pathway hemolytic assay ("AH50") can be used in conjunction to indicate if there is a terminal pathway deficiency (CH50 and AH50 both are low), classical pathway deficiency (CH50 low, AH50 normal) or alternative pathway deficiency (AH50 low, CH50 normal).
# German Shanghai Metro Group

German Shanghai Metro Group (Chinese: 德沪地铁集团) was a joint venture between Shanghai Metro, Siemens AG and AEG (the railroad division now part of Bombardier Transportation) to develop railcars for the metro system.
The cars are designed in Germany and built in China.
# Zion Lutheran Church (Athens, New York)

Zion Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church in Athens, Greene County, New York. It was built in 1853 and features a pair of wooden Doric order columns in antis and brick pilasters. The brick church is in the Greek Revival style and has a square, two stage tower.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Long-run cost curve

In economics, a cost function represents the minimum cost of producing a quantity of some good. The long-run cost curve is a cost function that models this minimum cost over time, meaning inputs are not fixed. Using the long-run cost curve, firms can scale their means of production to reduce the costs of producing the good.
There are three principal cost functions (or 'curves') used in microeconomic analysis:
* Long-run total cost (LRTC) is the cost function that represents the total cost of production for all goods produced.
* Long-run average cost (LRAC) is the cost function that represents the average cost per unit of producing some good.
* Long-run marginal cost (LRMC) is the cost function that represents the cost of producing one more unit of some good.
The idealized "long run" for a firm refers to the absence of time-based restrictions on what inputs (such as factors of production) a firm can employ in its production technology. For example, a firm cannot build an additional factory in the short run, but this restriction does not apply in the long run. Because forecasting introduces complexity, firms typically assume that the long-run costs are based on the technology, information, and prices that the firm faces currently. The long-run cost curve does not try to anticipate changes in the firm, the technology, or the industry. It only reflects how costs would be different if there were no constraints on changing the inputs in the current period.
An ideal cost curve assumes technical efficiency because a firm always has an incentive to be as technically efficient as possible. Firms have a variety of methods of using various amounts of inputs, and they select the lowest total cost method for any given amount of output (quantity produced). For example, if a micro-enterprise wanted to make a few pins, the cheapest way to do so might be to hire a jack-of-all-trades, buy a little scrap metal, and have him work on it at home. However, if a firm wanted to produce thousands of pins, the lowest total cost might be achieved by renting a factory, buying specialized equipment, and hiring an assembly line of factory workers to perform specialized actions at each stage of producing the pins. In the short run, the firm might not have time to rent a factory, buy specialized tools, and hire factory workers. In that case, the firm would not be able to achieve short-run minimum costs, but the long-run costs would be much less. The increase in choices about how to produce in the long run means that long-run costs are equal to or less than short run costs, ceteris paribus.
The term curves does not necessarily mean the cost function has any curvature. However, many economic models assume that cost curves are differentiable so that the LRMC is well-defined. Traditionally, cost curves have quantity on the horizontal axis of the graph and cost on the vertical axis.
# FADS2

Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FADS2 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by the FADS2 gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family and desaturates omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids at the delta-6 position, catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in the formation of tetracosapentaenoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid. Despite the name, it was also shown to catalyze some delta-8 and delta-4 desaturation reactions. Desaturase enzymes (such as those encoded by FADS2) cause desaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members FADS1 and FADS2 at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization.

## Clinical significance

It was reported the FADS2 interacts with breastfeeding such that breast-fed children with the "C" version of the gene appear about 7 intelligence quotient (IQ) points higher than those with the less common "G" version (less than this when adjusted for maternal IQ).
An attempt to replicate this study in 5934 8-year-old children failed: No relationship of the common C allele to negative effects of formula feeding was apparent, and contra to the original report, the rare GG homozygote children performed worse when formula fed than other children on formula milk. A study of over 700 families recently found no evidence for either main or moderating effects of the original SNP (rs174575), nor of two additional FADS2 polymorphisms (rs1535 and rs174583), nor any effect of maternal FADS2 status on offspring IQ.
# Larry Gott

James Lawrence "Larry" Gott (born 24 July 1957, Manchester) is an English musician, formerly of the band James, originating from Manchester. He is also a designer.

## Music

Within the band Gott mainly played guitar and provided backing vocals, but also featured on keyboards and the flute on earlier albums. Prior to joining the band, he had been the guitar tutor for founder members Jim Glennie and Paul Gilbertson. He was later invited to join the band after Gilbertson's playing began to decline due to his drug problems, which eventually led to Gilbertson's sacking. Gott was to remain with James throughout the heyday of their career, forming part of what was considered to be the core nucleus of James for a long time, together with singer Tim Booth and bassist Glennie.
Gott announced his intention to leave the band in 1995, after the Laid / Wah Wah albums. According to the band's Folklore biography by Stuart Maconie, he was exhausted from the pressures of touring and wanted to spend more time with his family. He stayed in close contact with the other band members during the following year, writing and recording most of the songs on the band's following album Whiplash effectively as a regular member.
He went on to study Art and Design and subsequently pursued a career designing furniture. He also taught music lessons at colleges around Manchester, including Manchester College of Arts and Technology.
Gott made two guest appearances on the band's so-called 'farewell tour' in 2001 at the MEN and Wembley Arenas. Following the band's apparent split, he started to work with bassist Glennie in low key, informal improvisation sessions.
During these intervening years, Gott also worked with Manchester maverick Edward Barton on an, as yet, unreleased album.
James reformed in January 2007, and Gott was at the centre of the reformation, reprising his duties as lead guitarist. In August 2015 he left the band for unspecified reasons; he was replaced by Adrian Oxaal on lead guitar.

## Design

Gott studied three-dimensional design at Manchester Metropolitan University graduating in 2000. His work, similar to his guitar playing, followed the Kiss principle, and found favour among the established design community. His 'reaction recliner' won many plaudits and awards including the Allemuir Award for Industry and the Blueprint Award for Creativity, presented by the Milanese architect Mario Bellini at the 2001 '100% design' show at London's Earls Court. An early prototype of this design resides in the permanent collection of the Manchester City Art Gallery.
Another of Gott's award-winning pieces, an outdoor chair and table set made from wire mesh, caught the eye of Sir Terence Conran and subsequently retailed in the Conran shops worldwide under Gott's brandname 'MeshMan'.
# Montpelier, Mississippi

Montpelier (also Crosstown, LaCross) is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Mississippi, United States. It is located along Mississippi Highway 46 in the northwestern part of the county. The community contains West Clay Elementary School.
A post office first began operation under the name Montpelier in 1853.
Montpelier's Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Zion Lutheran Church (Appleton, Wisconsin)

Zion Lutheran Church is a church in Appleton, Wisconsin affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architectural significance.
# Hortsavinyà

Hortsavinyà is a village within the municipality of Tordera in the comarca of Maresme, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
The GR 92 long distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Hortsavinyà. Stage 13 links northwards to Tordera, a distance of 12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi), whilst stage 14 links southwards to Vallgorguina, a distance of 17.4 kilometres (10.8 mi).
# Pilodeudorix diyllus

Pilodeudorix diyllus, the green-streaked playboy, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria and Cameroon. The habitat consists of forests.
Adults have been recorded feeding from the flowers of Eupatorium odorata.
The larvae feed on Pterocarpus esculenta. They are attended by ants of the genus Oecophylla.

## Subspecies

* Pilodeudorix diyllus diyllus (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria: south and the Cross River loop, western Cameroon)
* Pilodeudorix diyllus occidentalis Libert, 2004 (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea)