OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Robert Armstrong

Edward Robert Armstrong (1876–1955) was a Canadian-American engineer and inventor who in 1927 proposed a series of "seadrome" floating airport platforms for airplanes to land on and refuel for transatlantic flights. While his original concept was made obsolete by long-range aircraft that did not need such refueling points, the idea of an anchored deep-sea platform was later applied to use for floating oil rigs.

## Biography

* Armstrong was born in 1876 in Guelph, Ontario.
* He moved to the United States and worked in Texas in the early 1900s, developing oil-well-drilling machinery.
* In 1909 he went to St. Louis, Missouri as an automotive and aviation engineer.
* In 1916 he went to DuPont to work on the construction of their nitrocellulose plant in Hopewell, Virginia. He was then promoted to chief of the plant's mechanical research department.
* In 1924 he quit DuPont to work full-time on his "seadrome" project. In 1926 he incorporated the "Armstrong Seadrome Development Company", of Wilmington, Delaware.
* He died in 1955.

## Seadrome

A seadrome was to be a floating steel landing strip, the size of an aircraft carrier, anchored to the ocean floor by steel cables. The runway platform would provide a 1,200 feet (370 m) runway by 200 feet (61 m) wide with extended midsides to allow for a hotel, restaurant, and other facilities. The plan was to position a series of seadromes across the Atlantic Ocean about 350 miles (560 km) apart to allow for refueling of airplanes. He had been thinking of the idea as early as 1913. In 1927 when the Lindbergh and other transatlantic flights were made, newspapers started running stories of his concept. He had financial backing until The Depression of the 1930s. The last time he made the proposal was in 1943, during World War II. By that time long-range aircraft had already been designed for the war effort, and aircraft carriers were already in use.
During the years following the depression, Armstrong made a number of rebids for the program and eventually the project was downsized from eight to five seadromes as planes had become more advanced. By WWII, the advent of long-range passenger flight made the concept obsolete.
Armstrong's efforts with DuPont and Sun Ship Building, owned by Sun Oil, led to his ideas and basic designs being used by the oil industry to create the Semi-submersible off shore oil rig.

## Publications

* Edward Robert Armstrong; America-Europe via North Atlantic airways over the Armstrong seadrome system of commercial ocean transit by airplane (1927)
* Edward Robert Armstrong; The seadrome project for transatlantic airways (1943)
* Leonard H. Quick; Seadrome: phase 1 report
# Edward Robert Festing

Major-General Edward Robert Festing CB FRS (10 August 1839 – 16 May 1912), English army officer, chemist, and first Director of the Science Museum in London. He contributed to infrared spectroscopy research with Sir William Abney in the 1880s.
Festing was born in Frome, Somerset, the son of Richard Grindall Festing and Eliza Mammatt. He was educated at Carshalton and King's College School. He was transferred to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich and then "gazetted" as a lieutenant in the Royal Engineers at the age of only fifteen.
With Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney (also a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich), Festing studied the infrared absorption spectra of a number of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. In 1881, they established that the absorption bands were associated with groups of atoms in the molecules rather than the entire molecule. They postulated the correlation of different bands to specific groupings, for instance the nitro group in nitrobenzene. In 1885, Abney and Festing developed a colour photometer and undertook a range of colour measurements.
E. R. Festing joined the South Kensington Museum in 1864. He became one of two assistant directors at the South Kensington Museum. On the retirement of the Director of the museum, Sir Philip Cunliffe-Owen, in 1893, the museum was split into an Art Museum (which subsequently became known as the Victoria and Albert Museum) and a Science Museum. Festing became the first Director of the newly formed Science Museum.
Festing was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) on 4 June 1886. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1900 New Year Honours list on 1 January 1900 (the order was gazetted on 16 January 1900), and he was invested by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle on 1 March 1900.
He was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery His grave has no headstone or marker.

## Family

Edward Festing was the younger brother of John Wogan Festing (1837–1902), who became the Bishop of St Albans. He had a son, Richard Arthur Grindall Festing, who worked for the Civil Service in Ceylon. He died from heart failure.

## Selected publications

* W. de W. Abney and E. R. Festing, Intensity of Radiation through Turbid Media, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Volume 40, pages 378–380, 1886. Published by The Royal Society.
* W. de W. Abney and E. R. Festing, Colour Photometry. Part III.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Volume 50, pages 369–372, 1 January 1892. Published by The Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rsta.1892.0014
# Ricardo Matosinhos

Ricardo Matosinhos (born 6 December 1982) is a Portuguese horn player and pedagogue.

## Biography

Matosinhos was born in 1982. He studied horn with Ivan Kučera at ESPROARTE and with Bohdan Šebestik at ESMAE. In 2012 he presented his master dissertation entitled "Bibliografia Selecionada e Anotada de Estudos para Trompa Publicados entre 1950 e 2011", presenting the results of this research at the http://www.hornetudes.com website. In 2021 he presented his doctoral research at Évora University: "Definition and analysis of the idiomatic elements found on selected works composed by horn players"
He wrote several teaching materials for horn, published by AvA Musical Editions and Phoenix Music Publications. His 15 low horn etudes were recognized with an honorable mention at the 2014 International Horn Society Composition Contest. In 2016 "Reflections for horn solo" and in 2018 "The Horn Calls you Back!" were prize winners at the Featured division of the International Horn Society Composition Contest. His music has been played all over the world including music competitions. He was invited as a guest teacher in several masterclasses and workshops in Portugal, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, and EUA. Ricardo is currently teaching at the AMCC in Oporto Portugal. In 2004 he created the trompista.com website, a Portuguese horn related web community.
# Rich Ceisler

Rich Ceisler (March 1, 1956 – August 4, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian, author, and director.

## Early life and education

Ceisler attended State University of New York Fredonia, studying Theater Arts. He later pursued graduate studies at Virginia Tech, where he obtained a master's degree in theater.

## Death

In August 2014, Ceisler died in Santiago, Dominican Republic at the age of 58 from Guillain–Barré syndrome. He had contracted a rare illness two weeks before he died.
# Edward Whitting

Edward Jewel Whitting (1 September 1872 – 8 March 1938) was an English cricketer who made one first-class appearance in 1892. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast bowler, although he did not bowl in first-class cricket.

## Cricket career

Whitting attended Rugby School, and among his appearances for the school's cricket team, he top-scored in both innings for the school in an 1889 match against Marlborough College, making 15 and 51 respectively. He captained the side in the same fixture the following season, and claimed two wickets in Marlborough's first-innings, before scoring a half-century in Rugby's second-innings. During 1890, he played his first and solitary match for Somerset, appearing for the side in a second-class match against Leicestershire. Whitting scored a duck in his only innings. Somerset won the match by ten wickets, and remained unbeaten for the rest of the season, gaining admission to the County Championship for the following season. He remained as captain of the Rugby School first eleven in 1891 and his performance stood out during a single-innings match against Trinity College, Oxford in which he top-scored for Rugby with 46, and claimed three wickets.
He made his only first-class appearance in 1892. Somerset were due to play Cambridge University, but the match was played as a twelve-a-side contest in which Norman Cooper of Cambridge University represented the Somerset side. Due to this, the Somerset side was entitled 'HT Hewett's XII', with HT Hewett being Somerset's captain at the time. Whitting scored one run in the first-innings and remained not out, and added another five runs in the second-innings. The Somerset side won by 194 runs. He appeared on six occasions for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1893 and 1894, none of which were considered first-class fixtures. In each of the two years, he played against Herefordshire, Monmoutshire and Glamorgan. His highest score in these matches was 71, which he made against Herefordshire in 1893.
# Ribersborgs open-air bath

Ribersborg open-air bathhouse (Ribersborgs kallbadhus in Swedish, also known as Ribban by the older and Kallis by the younger generation) is an open-air public bath at a historic wooden pier on Ribersborg beach in Malmö, Sweden, approximately one kilometre southwest of Turning Torso. The bathhouse is open for a skinny dip year round and has separate areas for men and women. Each area is equipped with two saunas and a warm water tub. There is also one mixed sauna between the ladies and gentlemen's area. It also contains a café and a restaurant.
The bathhouse was inaugurated in June 1898 as an initiative by C.A. Richter, who bought the old bathhouse at Nyhamn port, which was being sold because of the port's expansion. Four years later a storm damaged the new bath during Christmas and it was rebuilt. During the refurbishment a diving tower was added to the men's section, with a view of the strait and the women's section. During the 1930s it was modernised with nude bathing and partitions were added between the sections. In 1966, the City of Malmö purchased the baths. It was again damaged by a storm in 1988 and in 1995 it was declared a historic building.
# Eileen Melvin

Eileen Melvin, an economic development leader, is president and CEO of UMF Medical in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
She was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Most Politically Powerful Women."

## Biography

Eileen Melvin was named president and CEO of United Metal Fabricators, Inc.in 2009 and rebranded in 2012 as UMF Medical. The company is a manufacturer of exam and procedure room equipment for hospitals, physician offices, and clinics around the world.
Eileen earned a degree from Boston College and a Master of Public Administration from American University She began her career working at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, DC and as a Legislative Aide to Senator John Heinz. specializing in health care issues of the Senate Finance Committee, and as a member of the Reagan Transition team.
For ten years, Melvin was president of Economic Development Strategies, a Woman Business Enterprise (WBE), guiding businesses and municipalities with projects to preserve and increase job creation.
She was appointed by Governor Schweiker in 2002 and reappointed by Governor Rendell in 2007 to the Pennsylvania Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (UCBR). Both appointments were approved by the Pennsylvania Senate. In 2012, Governor Tom Corbett appointed her as chairman of the UCBR.
In 1996, Melvin was unanimously elected vice-chair, and later chair of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania, serving a total of 10 years through numerous victories, including the election of Governor Ridge, U.S. Senators Rick Santorum and Arlen Specter, and winning majorities of the PA Congressional delegation, state legislature, and appellate courts. She was appointed by Senators Specter and Santorum to the Federal Judicial Nominating Committing and served for 12 years. Melvin was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Most Politically Powerful Women."[1]
# Eguvarpalayam

Eguvarpalayam is a village in the Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located in the Gummidipoondi taluk.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Eguvarpalayam has 1130 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 68.02%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 4052 | 2033 | 2019 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 465 | 252 | 213 |
| Scheduled caste | 1843 | 933 | 910 |
| Scheduled tribe | 305 | 150 | 155 |
| Literates | 2440 | 1358 | 1082 |
| Workers (all) | 1694 | 1178 | 516 |
| Main workers (total) | 1192 | 933 | 259 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 158 | 150 | 8 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 367 | 231 | 136 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 657 | 542 | 115 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 502 | 245 | 257 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 423 | 196 | 227 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 8 | 6 | 2 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 71 | 43 | 28 |
| Non-workers | 2358 | 855 | 1503 |
# Egvad Parish, Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality

Egvad Parish is a parish in the Diocese of Ribe in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Denmark.
# Richard Fletcher (Rye MP)

Richard Fletcher (by 1523 – 1559/1560), of Rye, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Rye in March 1553, April 1554 and 1559.
# Eitel Friedrich of Zollern

Eitel Friedrich the younger of Zollern (1454 – Montfoort, 27 June 1490) was a German nobleman who served as Admiral of the Netherlands.
He was the third son of Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of Hohenzollern (1433–1488) and Agnes of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1434–1467).
Eitel Friedrich followed Maximilian of Austria to the Low Countries to fight against the Flemish rebellion. In 1488, he succeeded Philip of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein as Admiral of the Netherlands, because Cleves had defected to the rebels.
Eitel Friedrich died during the siege of Montfoort. Two of his brothers had died in battle before him. He was succeeded by Cornelis of Glymes.
# Eiji (manga)

Eiji (エイジ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hisashi Eguchi. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Fresh Jump from 1984 to 1985.

## Media
### Manga

Written and illustrated by Hisashi Eguchi, Eiji was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Fresh Jump [ja] from 1984 to 1985. Shueisha collected its chapters in a single volume, which was released on July 15, 1985. It was followed by two short sequels; Eiji '85 and Eiji 2. Shueisha released a bunkoban edition, which included the previous stories, on February 18, 2004. Shogakukan re-released the series in a complete edition on August 2, 2010.

### Original video animation

Eiji was adapted into a 45-minute original video animation (OVA) episode by I.G Tatsunoko and directed by Mizuho Nishikubo, released on August 25, 1990.
# Fritz Kranefuss

Friedrich Carl Arthur Kranefuß (19 October 1900 in Herford – 1945), known as Fritz Kranefuß, was a German industrialist and a Wehrwirtschaftsführer (Military Economy Leader) in the Third Reich.
Kranefuss was on the board of Braunekohle-Benzin AG (Brabag), a conglomerate of chemical firms and collieries concerned with the production of synthetic fuel. He joined the Nazi Party in 1932.
He was one of three directors of the Dresdner Bank, the others being Karl Rasche and Emil Heinrich Meyer, to belong to the exclusive Freunde des Reichsführer-SS circle. Kranefuss had been introduced to Heinrich Himmler by his uncle Wilhelm Keppler's Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, although it was Kranefuss' idea to make the movement more specific to Himmler. As a consequence it was Kranefuss who was chosen as head of the circle. His involvement in the circle also entitled him to the Schutzstaffel rank of Brigadeführer. He also helped to ensure that BRABAG became one of the leading users of forced labour during the Second World War. Towards the end of the war Kranefuss, a well-connected international businessman, was also used by Himmler to open unofficial channels of contact with the Allies. At the war's end Kranefuss destroyed all the "Friends of Himmler" files and killed himself to keep its secrets.
# Fristoe Township, Benton County, Missouri

Fristoe Township is a township in Benton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Fristoe Township was formed on June 18, 1845, taking its name from Judge Markham Fristoe, then on the County Court Bench.
# Frisvold

Frisvold is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erland Frisvold (1877–1971), Norwegian colonel, civil engineer and politician
* Paal Frisvold (born 1908) (1908–1997), Norwegian general
* Paal Frisvold (born 1962), Norwegian organizational leader and fencer
* Sigurd Frisvold (born 1947), Norwegian general
# Ricardo Viveros

Ricardo Viveros may refer to:
* Ricardo Viveros (footballer, born 1975), Chilean football manager and former forward
* Ricardo Viveros (footballer, born 1978), Chilean football forward and left-back
# Front and Centre

Front and Centre was a Canadian music variety television series which aired on CBC Television in 1963.

## Premise

Front and Centre was patterned after The Ed Sullivan Show and was recorded with a live audience with a stage shaped like a star. Musical directors such as Lucio Agostini, Ricky Hyslop, and Eddie Karam were featured on various episodes. Dancers appearing during the series run included Don Gillies and Bob Van Norman. Guest artists included Tommy Hunter, Ian and Sylvia and Larry D. Mann.
Series sponsors were Kraft Foods and Pepsi-Cola's Canadian division.

## Scheduling

The half-hour series was broadcast Wednesdays at 8:30 p.m. from 3 July to 18 September 1963.
# Richard Colman (disambiguation)

Richard Colman is an athlete.
Richard Col(e)man may also refer to:
* Richard Colman (MP)
* Dick Colman (Richard Whiting Colman Jr.), American football player and coach
* Richard Coleman, actor
* Richard Henry Coleman, organist
* Richard A. Coleman Highway
* Rich Coleman, Canadian politician
# Ekren

Ekren may refer to:
* Nazım Ekren (born 1956), Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey responsible for economic affairs
* Ekren convention, bridge term
# Ekrixanthera

Ekrixanthera is a genus of extinct plants in the family Urticaceae, tribe Boehmerieae, first described from fossilized flowers from amber. Two species were described:
* Ekrixanthera ehecatli
* Ekrixanthera hispaniolae
The genus and species names first appeared in a publication in 2016, but were not validly published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. A correction was published online in 2021. As of April 2024, the correction was not accepted by the International Fossil Plant Names Index, as the publication of the genus name gave two type species.
# Froom

Froom may refer to:

## People

* Le Roy Froom (1890–1974), Seventh-day Adventist minister and historian
* Mitchell Froom (1953– ), musician and record producer
* Charlotte Froom (1986– ), guitarist of The Like
# Frood

Frood may refer to:

## People

* Elizabeth Frood, New Zealand Egyptologist and academic
* Geoff Frood (1906–1995), Australian rules footballer
* Herbert Frood (1864–1931), English inventor, industrialist and entrepreneur
* Oren Frood (1889–1943), Canadian ice hockey player
* Frood Fouladvand, Iranian monarchist who disappeared in 2007

## Other uses

* Frood Mine, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
# El Salvador Billie Jean King Cup team

The El Salvador Fed Cup team represents El Salvador in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federación Salvadorena de Tenis. They have not competed since 2013.

## History

El Salvador competed in its first Fed Cup in 1992. Their best result was reaching the Group I promotion play-offs in 2003 and 2004.
# El Atazar Dam

El Atazar Dam is an arch dam built near Madrid, Spain on the Lozoya River, very close to where the Lozoya joins the Jarama. The curved design of the dam is optimum for the narrow gorge in which it was built to retain water in the reservoir. Arch dams are thin and require less material to construct than other dam types.
When the dam was built, the decision was made to use the dam to store and regulate water only and not to provide energy. Construction started on the dam in 1968 and finished in 1972.

## Design

The dam is 134 m (440 ft) high and 52.3 m (171.6 ft) wide at the foundation. The reservoir capacity is 424,000,000 m$^3$ (344,000 acre feet). It is a double curvature concrete arch buttress design.

## Problems

Monitoring of the dam revealed abnormal movement. Although dams normally move, the left side of the El Atazar Dam was moving more than the right because a support built on the dam's right made that side less flexible. In 1977 a crack was noticed in the dam. By 1979 the crack had grown to 46 m (150 ft) in length and was repaired. Inspection in 1983 revealed that the settling in the foundations and the movements of the dam had caused fracturing in the rock, resulting in significantly increasing the foundation's permeability. The crack has been treated and since then the problems have abated.

## Power plant

The dam supports a hydroelectric power plant with a nameplate capacity of 9,56 MW. Its annual generation lies between 18,66 (2012) and 44,49 (1998) GWh. The power station contains 2 Francis turbine-generators with 4,78 MW (5,4 MVA) each. The turbine rotation is 500 rpm. The hydraulic head is 56 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 8 m³/s.
# Frosty Freeze

Wayne "Frosty Freeze" Frost (December 4, 1963 – April 3, 2008), also known as The Freeze To Please, was an American old school hip hop b-boy known as a member of the second generation of the hip hop/breakdancing group, Rock Steady Crew. His nickname was a play on words based on the well-known milkshake-serving restaurant of the same name.
He was known for his comedic, acrobatic, and inventive style. His trademark move is known as "dead man drop", a move that he created accidentally by attempting a poorly executed backflip and landing on his back.
His was featured in various films and documentaries such as Flashdance, Wild Style, Style Wars, Beat Street, and The Freshest Kids; he also appeared on the cover of The Village Voice in 1981. He was also featured in early hip hop music videos such as Afrika Bambaataa and The Soulsonic Force's "Planet Rock" and Malcolm McLaren's "Buffalo Gals".
In 2004, he and several other members of The Rock Steady Crew were honored at the VH-1 Hip Hop Honors.
Frosty Freeze lived in New York City. He regularly made appearances at many hip-hop events throughout the New York metropolitan area and elsewhere in the United States.

## Death

He became increasingly ill during early 2008 from an undisclosed long illness, went on life support on March 27, and died on April 3, 2008.