OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Cohen

Hans Herman Cohen (3 February 1923 – 14 May 2020) was a Dutch microbiologist. He was director-general of the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) between 1984 and 1986. As a microbiologist Cohen worked on development of polio vaccines in the Netherlands.

## Early life and education

Cohen was born in Groningen on 3 February 1923. He was born to a non-religious Jewish father and Protestant mother. His father assumed his mother's faith. His uncle on father's side was David Cohen. During his childhood Cohen wished to become a pediatrician. After attending the gymnasium he enrolled at the University of Groningen to study medicine. Due to his Jewish sounding surname he was expelled in 1941. Cohen, being only half Jewish, evaded further measures and worked as a medical analyst for the next several years. Directly after the end of World War II he resumed his studies, obtaining his title of doctorandus in 1950. In 1953 he obtained his PhD.

## Career

Cohen started working for the Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid, a predecessor of the RIVM in 1953. His initial wish was to start working on a polio vaccine but he was rebuffed as there was not yet a government vaccination order. However, during the 1950s and 1960s he worked on the development of the Salk polio vaccine. In the 1970s Cohen together with Jonas Salk and Charles Mérieux founded the Forum for the Advancement of Immunization Research (FAIR). He was pivotal in the introduction of the DPT vaccine in the Netherlands. At the onset of the discovery of HIV/AIDS Cohen noticed abnormalities in the blood values and stopped the import of blood to the Netherlands.
During his time as director-general of the Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid he oversaw the merger with two other institutes per 1984, which resulted in the formation of the RIVM. Per 1 January 1984 he was appointed director-general of the RIVM. His term ended in 1986. The Dutch Council of Ministers subsequently nominated him as head of the Commission for environmental effects rapport [nl]. He held this position for ten years.
In 1992, after a minor polio outbreak in the Netherlands, he protested against the offer of a free polio vaccine to around nine million persons not in risk groups, calling it a "waste of money".
Cohen was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980. In 1986 he was named Commander in the Order of Orange-Nassau.

## Death

Cohen died from the consequences of COVID-19 in Bosch en Duin on 14 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands aged 97. He had suffered from dementia for the last three years of his life.
# Gallipoli Games

The inaugural Gallipoli Games was held in 2015 under the patronage of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. It was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli Campaign and is intended to be held every two years.

## Background

The Games have the motto: On the land their ancestors sacrificed their lives 100 years ago, they are now competing for peace. University students from seven countries - Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, India, Germany, France and the Great Britain are eligible to compete. The torch relay commenced in March 2015 and it visited the seven participating countries.
The University Sports Federation of Turkey managed the Games, and the Turkish Government provided funding of TRY 50 million.
The first Games were due to be held 25–29 April 2015. However, in mid-April 2015, the organisers decided to postpone the Games to tie in with the International Day of Peace on September 21. Games co-chairman Omer Mutlugun said "the postponement would allow the event to receive due international recognition and better mirror the games’ motto about competing for peace."

## Summary

| No | Dates | Location | Sports | No of Athletes |
| 1st | September 2015 | Çanakkale, Turkey | 3x3 basketball, tennis, cycling, triathlon, sailing, beach volleyball, open water swimming, rugby 7s | 490 |
# Hans Rev

Hans Rev or Hans Reff (about 1489 in Denmark – July/August 1545 in Oslo) was a Danish-Norwegian clergyman. He was the last Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo before the Protestant Reformation, and later became the first Lutheran Superintendent of the Diocese of Oslo within the Church of Norway.
About Rev's background, little is known except that he was of Danish origin. He studied in Paris, where he earned his master's degree in both Roman and Canon Law. He worked for some years as secretary for Archbishop Erik Valkendorf, who was elected Archbishop of Nidaros in 1510. In 1525, Rev has been appointed Bishop of Oslo with the support of Archbishop Olav Engelbrektsson and King Frederick I of Denmark.
During the invasion of Norway by the former king Christian II (1531–1532). Hans Rev supported Christian, but changed sides back to Frederick when Christian's invasion forces were defeated. He remained lojal to Frederick until his death in 1533, and after that he supported the late kings Protestant son, Prince Christian.
In August 1536 after the Count's Feud in Denmark and during Archbishop Olav Engelbrektsson rebellion in Norway, Rev, along with the other Roman Catholic bishops of Denmark and Norway, was declared deposed by now King Christian III. After the rebellion in Norway was crushed. Rev renounced In November 1537, his episcopal dignity in a letter to the King and promised his continued loyalty and allegiance. In the fall of 1541, he was appointed Bishop (ecclesiastical title Superintendent) of the Diocese of Oslo, which was simultaneously incorporated with the Diocese of Hamar. He thus became the Oslo's first Lutheran bishop. He was also the only former Roman Catholic bishop to lead a Diocese within the Church of Norway. He served as Superintendent until his death in 1545. He was replaced by Anders Madssøn who served in this capacity from 1545–1548.
# Gary Russell (American football)

Gary Russell (born September 8, 1986) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He won Super Bowl XLIII with the Steelers against the Arizona Cardinals, scoring a touchdown in the game. He played college football at Minnesota.
Russell also played for the Oakland Raiders.

## Early life

Russell attended Walnut Ridge High School in Columbus, Ohio.
US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes :
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | 40$^‡$ | Commit date |
| Gary Russell RB | Columbus, Ohio | Walnut Ridge High School | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) | 195 lb (88 kg) | 4.45 | Dec 22, 2003 |
| Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A |||||||
| Overall recruiting rankings: Scout: -- (RB) Rivals: -- (RB), -- (OH) |||||||
| Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale. Sources: "Minnesota Football Commitment List (24)". Rivals.com. Retrieved September 26, 2012. "Minnesota College Football Recruiting Commits". Scout.com. Retrieved September 26, 2012. "Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved September 26, 2012. "2004 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved September 26, 2012. |||||||

## College career

Russell played college football at Minnesota where in 2005, he went past the 1,000-yard rushing mark for the year totaling 18 rushing touchdowns while splitting carries with Laurence Maroney. Prior to the 2005 season he played sparingly behind Marion Barber III and Maroney.

## Professional career
### Pittsburgh Steelers

Russell was acquired by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He saw limited playing time, rushing for only 21 yards on 7 carries, due to playing behind Pro-Bowl running back Willie Parker and Najeh Davenport.
Russell was waived by the Steelers on September 20, 2008, to make room for linebacker Patrick Bailey, who was promoted from the practice squad to active roster. Russell was re-signed to the practice squad on September 23. Russell was promoted to the active roster again after rookie running back Rashard Mendenhall was placed on injured reserve. Gary was the Steelers main kick returner and short yardage back after coming off the practice squad in 2008.
Russell rushed for a one-yard touchdown during the second quarter of Super Bowl XLIII. He finished the game with two attempts for −3 yards and 1 touchdown on the way to his first and only Super Bowl ring.
He was released by the Steelers on April 16, 2009.

### Cincinnati Bengals

Russell was claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Bengals on April 17, 2009. However, he was released by the team just ten days later on April 27.

### Oakland Raiders

Russell was signed by the Oakland Raiders on May 8, 2009.

### Marion Blue Racers

In September 2012, Russell signed with the Marion Blue Racers of the Continental Indoor Football League for the 2013 season.
# Garage (rock club)

Garage was a bar initiated 1990 in Bergen, Norway, with a branch established 2004 in Oslo. Both of the bars also have their own concert departments. The Bergen branch of Garage was created by Frode Svanevik together with veterans at the rock scene of Bergen, and quickly became one of the city's most popular venues, especially among students. Because of municipal rules on opening hours the bar was divided into two separate departments with different opening hours for several years. Garage is one of the most renowned rock clubs in Northern Europe.
As one of the most popular night clubs in Bergen, Garage was a vibrant melting pot and meeting place for music interested people. The Oslo Department premises that previously belonged to rock club "So What". This is owned and operated by Garage, by Henning Christensen who took over as manager in 2001, in collaboration with the Oslo club "Café Mono. This department, in addition to a bar and concert venue, also outdoor seating. Both departments are adorned with statuettes that has been provided by various Spellemannpris Winners from their respective cities.
The bar went out of business in 2018.
# Hans Herzog

Hans Herzog (28 October 1819 – 2 February 1894) was a Swiss army officer, and was elected Switzerland's General during the Franco-Prussian War.
Born in Aarau, he became an artillery lieutenant in 1840, and then spent six years in travelling (visiting England among other countries), before he became a partner in his father's business in 1846. In 1847 he saw his first active service (as artillery captain) in the short Swiss Sonderbund war.
In 1860 he abandoned mercantile pursuits for a purely military career, becoming colonel and inspector-general of the Swiss artillery. In 1870 he was commander-in-chief of the Swiss army, which guarded the Swiss border, in the Jura, during the Franco-German War, and in February 1871, as such, concluded the Convention of Verrières with General Clinchant for the disarming and the interning of the remains of Bourbaki's army, when it took refuge in Switzerland.
In 1875, he became the commander-in-chief of the Swiss artillery, which he did much to reorganize, helping also in the reorganization of the other branches of the Swiss army. He died in 1894 in his native town of Aarau.

## Memorials

* "General Hans Herzog" (1915) by Hermann Haller, equestrian relief above portal, Aarau
Herzogstrasse in Bern, General Herzog-Strasse in Lenzburg, General-Herzog-Haus in Aarau and Thun are named for him.
# Garrettsburg, Missouri

Garrettsburg is an unincorporated community in Buchanan County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Garrettsburg was established in 1872, and remained in operation until 1902. The community has the name of Zach Garrett, a pioneer citizen.
# Hans Noever

Hans Noever (born 10 May 1928) is a German writer, film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed thirteen films between 1973 and 1986. His 1980 film Der Preis fürs Überleben was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

* The Smooth Career (dir. Haro Senft, 1967)
* Zahltag (1973)
* The Woman Across the Way [de] (1978)
* The Night with Chandler (1979)
* Der Preis fürs Überleben (1980)
* Total vereist (1981)
* Wings of Night (1982)
* Gefahr für die Liebe – AIDS [de] (1985)
* Lockwood Desert, Nevada (1986)
* Reporter (1989, TV series)
* Das Sahara-Projekt [de] (1993, TV miniseries)
# Haplocochlias bellus

Haplocochlias bellus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae.

## Description

(Original description by W.H. Dall) The height of the shell attains 3.5 mm, its diameter also 3.5 mm. The small, white, solid shell is shaped much like Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758), having 4½ whorls and a minute glassy rounded nucleus. The radiating sculpture consists of fine incremental striae and occasional irregularities of growth. The spiral sculpture consists of two sorts. First, the fine spiral grooving covers the whole shell evenly and is always present. Secondly, there are strong spiral ridges, generally nine or ten on the body whorl, but sometimes smaller and more numerous, sometimes partly absent, sometimes so arranged as to tabulate the part of the whorl next the suture, and almost invariably smaller and weaker as they approach the base and the centre of the base. The suture is distinct, not channelled. The simple aperture is nearly circular, but the outer margin of its thickened edge is angulated at the junction with the body. The callus is continuous. The columella is arched, with a small chink, but no umbilicus behind it. This chink varies in size with different specimens. The aperture is oblique, its upper margin a little depressed. This shell sometimes has the raised riblets reddish brown against the waxen white of the rest.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico.
# Haploclathra

Haploclathra is a plant genus in the family Calophyllaceae. It includes species native to the Amazon basin of Brazil and Peru.
# Genée International Ballet Competition

The Genée International Ballet Competition is an annual international classical ballet competition organised by the Royal Academy of Dance of London, England. It is named for Dame Adeline Genée, and was first held in London in 1931. In 2019, it was renamed the Margot Fonteyn Ballet Competition.
# Ernapadu

Ernapadu is located in Bandi Atmakur mandal, Nandyal District, Andhra Pradesh, India with a population of approximately 8,000 people.
# Yashbant Narayan Singh Laguri

Yashbant Narayan Singh Laguri (born 18 April 1971) is a member of the 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Keonjhar constituency of Odisha and is a member of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) political party.
# Peacock Alley (restaurant)

Peacock Alley was a restaurant housed in the Fitzwilliam Hotel at St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland from 1999 to 2002. Before that, its location was on Baggot Street in South William Street.
It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1998 and retained that rating until it closed in 2002.
The head chef of Peacock Alley was Conrad Gallagher.
Kevin Thornton bought the Peacock Alley in 2002, after the Fitzwilliam Hotel had cancelled the lease with Gallagher. He renamed the restaurant Thornton's Restaurant.
# Midas free-tailed bat

The Midas free-tailed bat (Mops midas) is a species of bat scientifically classified in the order Chiroptera and the family Molossidae. It is distributed from western Africa to Saudi Arabia and further south. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, woodlands and hot deserts. The more southern are also known to live around large rivers or the swamps.

## Description

The free-tailed bat has broad ears that are connected by a hairy membrane crossing the length of its forehead. Fur is dark brown with white specks and paler on the front half of the body. Less hair is found on the neck, thighs and legs. The free-tailed bat is heavier than other bats of the same family because of its larger feet, thumbs and tail.

## Distribution

The Midas free-tailed bat is found in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

## Behavior

Midas free-tailed bats are nocturnal and prefer to roost in total darkness. Bats have been reported to roost in trees, under bridges and inside houses. The groups are normally very noisy as they push and shove each other for position, and can be very aggressive in the presence of humans. The bats will bite if given the chance. They are very social have been observed roosting in groups from as little as 2, to in the hundreds and females outnumber the males by 4 to 1. Bats leave the roost in groups up to 20 at sundown to forage for insects and return together at sunrise. Flights have been seen to be both long and short, from less than 10 minutes to more than 50 and have been detected to forage up to 10 kilometer from the roost. The bats are not agile fliers, preferring open airspace at up to 40m in height.

## Mops midas in Madagascar

Mops midas are extensive across the African continent and the Middle East, but also appear on Madagascar. Researchers have referred to the African subspecies as M. m. midas and from Madagascar, M. m. miarensis. The two look very similar and in the past there was not enough information to distinguish if the two were different species. There is significant sexual dimorphism in size between the African and Malagasy subspecies. The African males have longer appendages whereas the Malagasy males have slightly broader skulls and teeth. The bats from the Africa savannah have two color phases; dark and red, whereas the Malagasy bats are entirely dark. However after molecular analysis of the bats genes, researchers found the average genetic distance between the two was 0.1%. Researchers believe the differences between the two bats are because of differences in climate or diet.

## Reproduction

Pregnant females have been found in the months between December and January and give birth between February and March. Females carry a single fetus, weighing up to 10 grams at time of birth.
# Microcottus

Microcottus is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Microcottus was first proposed as a genus in 1940 by the Soviet zoologist Peter Schmidt with Acanthocottus sellaris as its type species by monotypy. A. sellaris has originally been described by Charles Henry Gilbert from Bristol Bay in Alaska. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus in the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae but other authorities classify it in the subfamily Myoxocephalinae of the family Psychrolutidae, although others place the subfamily Myoxocephalinae within the Cottidae.

## Etymology

Microcottus prefixes Cottus, the type genus of the family Cottidae, with micro, meaning "small", alluding to the small size of M. sellaris in comparison to the related genus Myoxocephalus.

## Species

Microcottus is a small genus which contains 2 species:
* Microcottus matuaensis Yabe & Pietsch, 2003
* Microcottus sellaris (C. H. Gilbert, 1896) (Brightbelly sculpin)

## Characteristics

Microcottus sculpins are characterised by their pelvic fins having a wide connection to the belly by an inner membrane. They have prevomerine teeth but none on the palatine, The pores on the lateral line have two openings, On the preoperculum the top spine is recurved and the pelvic fins have a single spine and three soft rays. These are small sculpins, Microcottus sellaris has a maximum published total length of 13 cm (5.1 in) and M. matuaensis has a maximum published standard length of 8.1 cm (3.2 in).

## Distribution and habitat

Microcottus sculpins are found in the North Pacific. M. sellaris is distributed from off the Sea of Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido to the northern Sea of Japan into the Bering Sea. M. matuensis has so far proved to be endemic to the Kuril Islands. These fishes are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones and may be found in rivers as the larvae and fry are swept into them by the tide.
# The Yellow Cake Revue

The Yellow Cake Revue is a musical composition for piano and voice. Peter Maxwell Davies composed the piece in 1980. He first performed it at the Stromness Hotel, in Stromness, Orkney, as part of the 1980 St Magnus Festival—a summer arts festival that he co-founded in 1977. English actress Eleanor Bron recited the spoken word portions for the debut performance.
The world premiere of the revue was in the Pfalztheater in Kaiserslautern, Germany, on 5 May 1990. It was performed by pianist Andrew Olivant, soprano Jayne Casselman, and Friedrich Schilha.

## Theme

The Yellow Cake Revue concerns the threat that a uranium mine might be constructed near Stromness, a town on the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. Yellowcake, the revue's namesake, is the form of uranium that was discovered on the island. When a geological survey revealed the yellowcake deposits in the early 1970s, the South of Scotland Electricity Board wanted to mine the uranium to fuel a nuclear power plant. Once the islanders understood the ramifications of solution mining the island, they (and the Orkney Islands Council) opposed the initiative unilaterally. Davies was moved to write The Yellow Cake Revue after a public examiner's report advised the Secretary of State for Scotland to deny the SSEB's request to mine. Although he was English, Davies was an Orkney resident from 1971 until his death in 2016.

## Structure

The work is a sequence of cabaret songs and recitations, with two interludes for piano. The first interlude, "Farewell to Stromness", has become one of Davies's most popular pieces, and has been arranged for various instruments. "Yesnaby Ground", too, is often performed as an independent piece.
* Tourist Board Song: O come to sunny Warbeth
* Patriotic Song: You've heard of the man with the pace-maker
* Piano Interlude: Farewell to Stromness
* Recitation – Nuclear Job Interview 1: The Security Guard
* Uranium's Daughters' Dance: They said, when they'd extracted the uranium from the ore
* Recitation – Nuclear Job Interview 2: The Truck Driver
* Atlantic Breezes
* Recitation – Nuclear Job Interview 3: The Mental Healthworker
* Piano Interlude: Yesnaby Ground
* The Tourist Song: Have you heard of the terrorist suicide squad?
* The Triumph of the Cockroach: As earthquakes subsided

### Farewell to Stromness

"Farewell to Stromness" is the single most famous piece of music from the composition, and is Davies's best-known and most often performed work. Originally written as a piano solo, it has been transcribed for several solo instruments, most notably guitar. Words were added to the tune by Ray Connolly for the 1983 Channel Four film Forever Young. The sole representative of Davies's output in the Classic FM Hall of Fame, "Farewell to Stromness" was the subject of the BBC Radio 4 programme Soul Music on 31 July 2019.
# Midpoint polygon

In geometry, the midpoint polygon of a polygon P is the polygon whose vertices are the midpoints of the edges of P. It is sometimes called the Kasner polygon after Edward Kasner, who termed it the inscribed polygon "for brevity".

## Examples
### Triangle

The midpoint polygon of a triangle is called the medial triangle. It shares the same centroid and medians with the original triangle. The perimeter of the medial triangle equals the semiperimeter of the original triangle, and the area is one quarter of the area of the original triangle. This can be proven by the midpoint theorem of triangles and Heron's formula. The orthocenter of the medial triangle coincides with the circumcenter of the original triangle.

### Quadrilateral

The midpoint polygon of a quadrilateral is a parallelogram called its Varignon parallelogram. If the quadrilateral is simple, the area of the parallelogram is one half the area of the original quadrilateral. The perimeter of the parallelogram equals the sum of the diagonals of the original quadrilateral.