OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Purshia glandulosa

Purshia glandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common names antelope bitterbrush, desert bitterbrush, Mojave antelope brush, and cliff-rose.

## Distribution

The plant is endemic to the southwestern United States, where it occurs in California, Arizona, southern Nevada, and Utah. It is found in the Great Basin region, Mojave Desert, and chaparral-sagebrush scrub ecotone in the Eastern Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi Mountains, Eastern Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges. Other habitats include pinyon-juniper woodland, conifer forest, and Joshua tree woodland.
This species arose via hybridization between Purshia stansburiana (Stansbury cliffrose) and Purshia tridentata (antelope bitterbrush) . It is sometimes considered a variety of the latter species. It can hybridize with both of its parent species.
This plant can grow on many types of soils, mainly those that are well-drained. It can grow on sites that have little soil, such as rock outcrops, and it is a pioneer species of eroded rock habitat. It does not tolerate large amounts of water, especially in the summer, and it favors areas that have an annual precipitation around 10 inches. It is tolerant of fire, layering and resprouting easily after its aboveground parts burn. The varieties grow from 500–3,500 metres (1,600–11,500 ft).

## Description

Purshia glandulosa is an evergreen shrub growing up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) tall, but often remaining smaller depending on environmental conditions. It has a deep taproot which may extend nearly 5 metres (16 ft) deep in the soil, an adaptation to drought. At times, the plant produces root nodules where it can fix nitrogen.
The flowers are white and fragranced. The bloom period can range from February through June, depending on the variety.
It reproduces by seed, by layering, and by resprouting from its root crown. It can also regenerate from root bits that are severed several feet below ground. Regeneration from seed is relatively uncommon, because its seeds have low rates of germination and they do not easily yield seedlings that will survive. The seeds have a very hard coat and germinate better if they are stratified. Also, the plant does not produce seed until it is approximately 10 years old.

### Varieties

Named varieties of the species include:
* Purshia tridentata var. glandulosa — from California to Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and northwestern Mexico.
* Purshia tridentata var. tridentata — from California to British Columbia, Montana, and New Mexico.

## Uses

The Navajo, Klamath, Paiute, Shoshoni, and other Native American tribes used it as a traditional medicinal plant. The bark of the tree was used as a trade item by the Navajo, primarily for its use in blending with animal fur for the production of clothing and in making bedding material, as well as for making infant cradle boards.
The plant is a good forage for wild ungulates such as pronghorn, as well as livestock. It is not deciduous, so its foliage is available to animals in the winter.
# Matthijs Maris

Matthias Maris (17 August 1839 – 22 August 1917) was a Dutch painter, etcher and lithographer. He was also known as Matthijs Maris or Thijs. He initially belonged to the Hague School, like his two brothers, Jacob and Willem, but his later works deviated more and more from that school into a unique style influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites.
He was born in The Hague. At the age of twelve, he registered at the Hague Academy of Art, but did not pass the entrance exam. Therefore, he took lessons from Isaac Cornelis Elink Sterk, secretary of the academy. One year later he was admitted and studied there until 1855. In 1854 he became a pupil of the marine painter Louis Meijer, who helped him obtain a grant from Queen Sophie that enabled him to follow his brother Jacob to Antwerp, where they rented rooms together. In 1858 Matthijs returned to The Hague, where Jacob already had a studio they could share. A later commission enabled them to travel in and start painting in Oosterbeek with painters as Gerard Bilders and Anton Mauve.
In 1860 he traveled with his brother Jacob along the Rhine to Switzerland and back through France to the Netherlands. In Cologne the brothers saw an exhibition that presented an overview of German art since 1800, which intensified the influence of German Romanticism on Matthijs.
Upon his return to the Netherlands Matthijs showed some of his works in Amsterdam and The Hague, but they were not well received. This led him to become bitter and withdrawn. Jacob was having success in Paris, and invited Matthijs to join him there, which he did in 1869. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 Jacob returned to The Hague with his family and the loneliness after the departure of Jacob was difficult for Matthijs. There was bitter poverty for him, as for so many artists at that time in Paris, so he went back to work. His style changed very little and was more reminiscent of the earlier period. Later he would distance himself from these works, dismissing them as 'potboilers', only painted in order to put food on the table.
An art dealer Daniel Cottier convinced him to settle in London, which he did in 1877. There he painted more imaginative scenes: fairytale characters and enchanted castles. He also painted a number of brides in fine gray tones, delicate and hazy like a dream. He made portraits, especially of the children of friends such as Baby lessor (private collection, 1880) and Barije Swan (Gemeentemuseum, 1887), the fragile child in her white and gray painted lace dress with fine color accents of yellow lemon and the blue ribbons. Children, whether or not combined with animals, were always a favorite subject. He painted portraits and figure in gray-brown tones in many layers, using dry loose paint. The image is as it were veiled in mist.
Maris died in London on 22 August 1917, when he was seventy-eight, following a short illness, and was buried there.
# Phalaenopsis mariae

Phalaenopsis mariae is a species of orchid found from Sabah, Borneo to the Mindanao island, Philippines.
# Wagner, Pennsylvania

Wagner is a census-designated place located in Decatur Township, Mifflin County in the state of Pennsylvania, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 522 in eastern Mifflin County, north of Shade Mountain. As of the 2010 census the population was 128 residents.
# Haplocochlias arrondoi

Haplocochlias arrondoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cuba at a depth of 30 m to 40 m.
# Gérard Leclerc

Gérard Leclerc (2 September 1951 – 15 August 2023) was a French journalist.

## Early life and education

Gérard Leclerc was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine on 2 September 1951, as the son of Paul Leclerc and Ghislaine Théry. He earned his Baccalauréat at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux followed by studies at University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and Sciences Po. His half-brother is the singer Julien Clerc.

## Personal life and death

Leclerc was married to Julie Leclerc in 1981 and had twins and one daughter. On 15 August 2023, he was travelling to attend a concert by his half-brother Julien Clerc in La Baule when his airplane crashed into water in Lavau-sur-Loire. He and Michelle Monory, the daughter of former president of the French Senate René Monory, plus one other person, were killed. He was 71.
# Michel Chauvet

Michel Chauvet Loo (born January 23, 1985) is a Mexican actor of television and films.

## Filmography

* Vous êtes de la région? (2004) - Un Paysan
* El hombre perfecto (2008) - Joaquin
* Sortilegio (2009) - Sergio
* Bienes raíces (2010)
* Cu4tro Paredes (2010)
* Paramedicos (2010) - Chavo de Novatada
* Archivo 253 (2015) - Diego
* Ménage à trois (2015) - Damián
* La querida del Centauro (2016) - Emilio Cobos
* Hasta que te conocí (2016) - Manuel Alvarado
* Enemigo (2016)
# Hunnewell, Kentucky

Hunnewell is an unincorporated community in Greenup County, Kentucky, United States.

## History

Hunnewell was a stop along the Eastern Kentucky Railway and was named after one of the railways founders H.H. Hunnewell. Prior to the railway, the area was the site of the Greenup Furnace community, which was renamed Hunnewell Furnace. A post office called Hunnewell was established in 1874, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1950. In 1922, Hunnewell was almost completely destroyed by the largest tornado Kentucky has ever seen.
# Piano Concerto in F-sharp minor

Piano Concerto in F-sharp minor may refer to:
* Piano Concerto (Burgmüller)
* Piano Concerto No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)
* Piano Concerto (Scriabin)
# Ibn Rassam

Ibn al-Rassam (literally Son of the Draftsman) was an Egyptian Muslim alchemist and tile maker and mosaic designer, who flourished during the Mamluk Bahri dynasty (1250–1382).
Ibn Rassam is widely known to have invented the techniques through which he obtained copper from varieties of malachite. He also ascertained indigo by heating various substances. He was a colleague of the chemist, Abul Ashba ibn Tammam (d.1361).
# Pyromys

Pyromys is a subgenus of Mus. Species are endemic to South Asia and parts of Southeast Asia.

## Species

* Ceylon spiny mouse, Mus fernandoni (Sri Lanka)
* Phillips's mouse, Mus phillipsi (Southwestern India)
* Flat-haired mouse, Mus platythrix (India)
* Rock-loving mouse, Mus saxicola (Southern Pakistan, southern Nepal, and India)
* Shortridge's mouse, Mus shortridgei (Myanmar to southwestern Cambodia and northwestern Vietnam)
* This Mus article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Matthijs Naiveu

Matthys or Matthijs Naiveu (16 April 1647 in Leiden – 4 June 1726 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

## Biography

According to Houbraken he was trained in drawing by Abraham Toorenvliet (1620–1692), a glass painter and drawing instructor (and father of Jacob Toorenvliet), and he learned the art of painting from Gerrit Dou. At the time Houbraken was writing he was still alive and painting in Amsterdam, where he worked as the "Hop inspector" for the brewers of Amsterdam. His works were genre pieces; merry company interiors with people drinking tea or playing cards, but also kraamkamertjes, or visits to newborn baby's. His largest work was a seven works of mercy, which Houbraken found his best work. In 1671 he entered the Leiden Guild of St. Luke and he was highly productive as a painter of signed work; his earliest dated painting is from 1668, and his last from 1721.

## Paintings

His paintings from his earlier years such as the children blowing soap bubbles (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) are strongly influenced by Gerrit Dou, with architectural elements framing the scene. Later he adopted a more general genre-works style.
# Novopolotsk State Musical College

Novopolotsk State Musical College is a Belarusian undergraduate music college established in 1968. Several of its graduates have gone on to have national and international musical careers.$^,$
In 1997, the college opened a special department for talented children, providing individual progress for each child. The department often launches fund-raising programmes to continue its financing and development.
The college has eight departments, and subjects include musicology (leading to the qualification of professor), brass and percussion, piano, orchestral string instruments and chamber ensemble, chorus conducting, folk chorus, folk instruments (bayan, accordion) and string folk instruments.
The current director is Alexander Ivanovich Kondratyuk. In its 40 years, it has produced over 2,000 students. Amongst its teachers are Galina Malykh, Marina Starostenkova and Mikhail Ivashkin.

## Notable Graduates

* Yulia Starostenkova, piano
* Vladislav Pligovka, accordion
* Tatjana Ivashkina, domra
* Mikhail Ivashkin,
* Arseni Sadykov, piano
# Phrurotimpus certus

Phrurotimpus certus is a species of true spider in the family Phrurolithidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
# Hamilton Circle Jerk

The Hamilton Circle Jerk is an annual music event in Hamilton, New Zealand. Named after a mutual masturbatory act, the Circle Jerk features 15 Hamilton bands performing 3 song sets, two songs by other Hamilton musicians as well as an original.
The first Circle Jerk was held in 2005. Local student radio station Contact FM has been running the event since 2008.
# Pyromorpha

Pyromorpha is a genus of moths of the family Zygaenidae. Currently species are found in North and Central America.

## Species

* Pyromorpha caelebs Blanchard, 1972
* Pyromorpha centralis (Walker, 1854)
* Pyromorpha contermina (H. Edwards, 1884)
* Pyromorpha correbioides (Felder, 1874)
* Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schäffer, [1854] – orange-patched smoky moth
* Pyromorpha fusca H. Edwards, 1884
* Pyromorpha josialis (Druce, 1885)
* Pyromorpha marginata (H. Edwards, 1884)
* Pyromorpha martenii (French, 1883)
* Pyromorpha mexicana (Druce, 1884)
* Pyromorpha morio (Druce, 1885)
* Pyromorpha radialis (Walker, [1865])
* Pyromorpha rata (H. Edwards, 1882)
* Pyromorpha thyesta (Druce, 1884)
* Pyromorpha timon (Druce, 1885)
# Petras Vyšniauskas

Petras Vyšniauskas (born 11 June 1957 in Plungė) is a Lithuania multi-instrumentalist (mainly soprano saxophone) of Modern Creative Jazz and a university teacher as a music teacher at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre in Vilnius.

## Life

Vysniauskas has previously worked with such musicians as Steve Lacy, Han Bennink, Jon Christensen, Kent Carter, Tomas Kutavičius, Elliott Sharp, Paul Jeffrey, the Rova Saxophone Quartet, Charlie Mariano, Karl Berger, Bobo Stenson, Reiner Winterschladen, Hilliard Greene, Vijay Iyer, Robert Dick, John Lindberg, Eric Vloeimans, Mark Tokar and others. Together with Klaus Kugel he recorded the film music for the German movie Leni. Both have been members of Vyacheslav Ganelin's Ganelin Trio Priority since 1999. In 1999 he appeared in Theo Jörgensmann Sextett in Wuppertal (Fellowship).
He also directs the quartet Poksis with Lithuanian guitarist Juozas Milasius, Russian double bass player Vladimir Volkov and drummer Klaus Kugel. Currently Vysniauskas plays in the Vilnius Power Trio with Juozas Milasius and drummer Dalius Naujokaitis.
The Vilnius-based musician combines the music of his Lithuanian homeland with modern sounds and is one of the musicians who set important accents in European jazz. Critic Bert Noglik wrote about Petras Vysniauskas: "His music breathes some of the austere beauty of the Lithuanian landscape and the passion of many of his compatriots. It was the music of Petras Vysniauskas, which I remembered for its clear, individual conception". Vysniauskas by his own account "in Lithuanian folk songs, [hears] echoes of the music of John Coltrane", which he tries to combine with the free expression of today's jazz.
Critic Howard Mandel of the Jazz Journalists Association has described him as "one of the most profoundly original musicians concentrating on [the soprano saxophone]".
From 1988 to 2003 he was senior assistant, from 2003 lecturer and now professor at the Music and Theater Academy of Lithuania. He is one of the most acclaimed musicians of his country, having been decorated with multiple awards, including Musician of the Year of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, the Lithuanian National Arts and Culture Prize, the Baltic Assembly Prize for the Arts and the award of the Vilnius Jazz Festival.
His son is the trumpeter Dominykas Vysniauskas and his daughter the singer Marija Vysniauskaite, with whom he performs as Cherry Trio.

## Discography (selection)

* Viennese Concert (Leo Records, 1989)
* Lithuania (ITM, 1990) with Arkadij Gotesman
* Vysniauskas-Christoph Baumann-Siron: Nuit Balte (1994)
* Fellowship (1999) with Theo Jörgensmann, Charlie Mariano, Karl Berger, Kent Carter and Klaus Kugel
* Petras Vysniauskas Quartet Light In The Dark (2003)
* Baltic Trio Live at Jazz Welten Dresden 2005 (2005) with Vladimir Volkov and Klaus Kugel
* Ganelin Trio Priority Visions (2007) with Vyacheslav Ganelin and Klaus Kugel
# Wallace Johnson

Wallace Johnson may refer to:
* Wallace Johnson (baseball) (born 1956), an American former professional baseball player and coach
* Wallace E. Johnson (1901–1988), co-founder of Holiday Inn
* Wallace F. Johnson (1889–1971), American tennis player
* Wallace J.S. Johnson (1913–1979), Mayor of Berkeley, California during the Sixties
# Freel

Freel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleta Freel (1907–1935), American stage actress
* Edward J. Freel, American politician
* Ryan Freel (1976–2012), American baseball player
# Miconia pseudorigida

Miconia pseudorigida is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Matthew Rush

Matthew Rush may refer to:
* Matthew Rush (footballer) (born 1971), English football winger
* Matt Rush (born 2001), English football forward
# Donje Čičevo

Donje Čičevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Доње Чичево) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Idigny

Idigny is an arrondissement in the Plateau department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Kétou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 26,882.
# Pharsalus repandus

Pharsalus repandus is a species of planthopper insects described by Leopold Melichar in 1906. It is the sole member of Pharsalus, the type genus of the subfamily Pharsalinae of the family Ricaniidae.
# Notocallista

Notocallista is a genus of marine bivalve molluscs in the family Veneridae.

## Distribution

This genus is endemic to southern Australia and New Zealand.

## Species in the genus Notocallista

* Notocallista chione
* Notocallista kingii
* Notocallista multistriata (Sowerby, 1851)
* Notocallista virginea
# Harald Rudyard Engman

Harald Rudyard Engman (1903-1968) was a Danish artist, painter. Above all, he is remembered for his fierce use of satire in criticizing and resisting the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

## Biography

Little has been published about Engman's life. It is known that he traveled as a working seaman and spent some time living in New York City's Chinatown around 1920. He began to show paintings in Copenhagen in the mid-1920s. He became part of a group of self-styled "Underground Painters". His shows always inspired controversy as he utilized caricature and satire to mercilessly criticize social ills and those in power, especially the growing power of the Nazi Party in Germany. These shows culminated in 1940 with the "Black Banners" show in Copenhagen aimed directly at the Nazi leadership. Refusing to remain silent about Hitler, Engman "depicted Der Fuhrer, not as a genius of satanic majesty, as many Danish Anti-Nazis saw him, but as a psychopathic misfit, a frightened and conceited fool, sort of a ludicrous master clown of the world's arena." Following this show Engman was forced into exile in the North Zealand and eventually fled occupied Denmark for Sweden where he remained through the war. In Sweden he continued to criticize the Nazis with his art, painting and contributing drawings to the journal The Dane as well as some Swedish publications.

## Artistic style and works

Engman's artistic style was fiercely independent and self-taught. He did not move in the modern directions of surreal or abstract art, nor was he following the traditional Danish folk painters. His style combines a keen sense of caricature occasionally verging on the comic with a real mastery of the use of light and color to evoke emotion.
# Institute for Mathematics and its Applications

The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications located at the University of Minnesota is an organization established in 1982 by the National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States.

## Objectives

The primary mission of the IMA is to increase the impact of mathematics by fostering interdisciplinary research and linking mathematics and scientific and technological problems from other disciplines and industry.

## Activities

The IMA hosts long-term visitors, funds postdoctoral research positions, and holds several conferences annually. The NSF has granted the IMA $19.5 million over the period 2005–2010, the largest single mathematics grant the NSF has ever awarded.

## Prize in Mathematics and its Applications

The IMA annually awards a prize to a mathematician who has received their PhD within the last 10 years. This award recognizes an individual who has made a transformative impact on the mathematical sciences and their applications.
* 2019: Jacob Bedrossian
* 2018: Anders C. Hansen
* 2017: Jianfeng Lu
* 2016: Rachel Ward and Deanna Needell
* 2015: Jonathan Weare
* 2014: David F. Anderson

## Organization with similar names

Sharing a very similar name and the acronym IMA, it should not be confused with the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, a professional body for mathematicians in the UK.
# Jeannot Volpé

Jeannot Volpé (born June 28, 1950) is a Canadian politician in the Province of New Brunswick.
Born in Saint-Jacques, New Brunswick, Volpé graduated from the University of Moncton in 1973 with a Bachelor of Physical Education degree and taught school until 1980. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1995 and re-elected in 1999, 2003 and 2006.
He represented the electoral district of Madawaska-les-Lacs and was a member of the cabinet from 1999 to 2006. On December 19, 2006, he was elected interim leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, he became leader of the opposition in the Legislature upon Bernard Lord's resignation from that role on January 31, 2007.
Volpé married former Progressive Conservative MLA and Cabinet Minister Kim Jardine, whom he met when he served in cabinet with her from 1999 to 2003, on May 19, 2007.
In May 2009, Volpé announced that he was not reoffering in the 2010 election.
In 2012, Volpe took the Government to the Human Rights Commission over a 1/3 cut in government pensions.