OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alessandra Kersevan

Alessandra Kersevan (born 18 December 1950) is a historian, author and editor living and working in Udine. She researches Italian modern history, including the Italian resistance movement and Italian war crimes. She is the editor of a group called Resistenza storica at Kappa Vu edizioni, an Italian publisher. Her research have caused a huge hate campaign against her from the political right environment, both institutional and extra-parliamentary.

## Research

Her research (confirmed by the documents found in British archives by the British historian Effie Pedaliu and by the Italian historians Costantino Di Sante and Davide Conti) pointed out that the memory of the existence of the Italian concentration camps and Italian war crimes in general has been repressed due to the Cold War. In the collective memory of the Italian public and media this has led to historical revisionism, in particular concerning post-war foibe massacres. Yugoslavia, Greece and Ethiopia requested extradition of 1,200 Italian war criminals who however never saw anything like the Nuremberg trial, because the British government, with the beginning of Cold War, saw in Pietro Badoglio a guarantee of an anti-communist post-war Italy.
In the 1950s, two Italian film-makers were jailed for depicting the Italian invasion of Greece. Kersevan attributes this to historic revisionism. She compares historic revisionism in Italy to the situation in France where she notes historic mythology is deconstructed. She gives the French people's understanding of the Vichy period as an example.
In 2003, Italian media reported that Silvio Berlusconi had said, "Benito Mussolini only used to send people on vacation". This gave weight and illustrated the thesis made by Kersevan.

## The 2012 diplomatic protest by the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Republic of Slovenia

In February 2012, Italian state TV talk show host Bruno Vespa televised a photograph from July 1942 depicting Italian troops killing civilian hostages in the Slovenian village of Dane and claimed that it showed the opposite. Killings like these, ordered by Italian general Mario Roatta, were widespread during the Fascist occupation of Slovenia. Kersevan, who was a guest on the show, objected, but Vespa did not apologise, and Maurizio Gasparri, a former Italian Minister of Communications - and once militant of the far right party Movimento Sociale Italiano - compared Kersevan to the KGB. A protest by the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Republic of Slovenia followed.

## Published works

* 1995 Porzûs. Dialoghi sopra un processo da rifare, Kappavu, Udine, 215 pp, ISBN 9788889808 about Porzûs massacre
* 2003 Un campo di concentramento fascista. Gonars 1942-1943, Comune di Gonars/Kappavu, Udine, 389 pp, ISBN 9788889808 about Gonars concentration camp
* 2008 Lager italiani : Pulizia etnica e campi di concentramento Fascisti per civili Jugoslavi 1941-1943, Nutrimenti edizioni, Rome, 288 pp, ISBN 8888389946

## Editorial and co-editor contributions

* 2008 Foibe - Revisionismo di stato e amnesie della repubblica
# Alexander Galushkin

Alexander A. Galushkin is a well-known Russian scientist and lawyer, permanent representative of the Russian scientific community to the United Nation in Geneva and Vienna since 2018, Doctor of Philosophy in Law, Doctor of Education and professor, academian of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, member of the International Bar Association, International Law Association, Moscow Bar Association.

## Career in law

Galushkin started his career in law in 2005 as a junior lawyer. He worked for a number of commercial, non-profit and governmental organizations. After passing the bar exam, he worked for some law firms and in 2014 became a senior partner of the law firm Moscow Guild of Barristers and Solicitors, which is headquartered in Moscow, Russia. He was admitted to practice law in the Russian Federation and is a member of the Moscow Bar Association. He specializes on counteraction to illegal actions of governmental officials, including bringing to the administrative liability, and application of international law.

## Career in science

Author of five monographs, two study books, 120 scientific articles (including 10 articles indexed in Scopus). Is one of the most cited scientists-lawyers in Russia as per Russian Science Citation Index.
As a professor, he worked and read lectures in a number of universities and academies in Russia and some other countries including RUDN University, Moscow University of Railway Engineers and others.

## Editorial work

Founder and an owner of the Alexander Galushkin Publishing House, which publishes seven research journals.
Galushkin is an editor-in-chief of all 10 scientific journals. Some journals are indexed/abstracted in the FAO UN, European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, Directory of Open Access Journals, Russian Science Citation Index.
As an editor and an editor-in-chief, he worked in a number of scientific journals.

## Recognitions

For his work avoider, Galushkin was awarded by Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Educational Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and other.
# Alexandra Cousteau

Alexandra Marguerite Clémentine Cousteau (born March 21, 1976) is a filmmaker, sustainability keynote speaker and an environmental activist. Cousteau continues the work of her grandfather Jacques-Yves Cousteau and father Philippe Cousteau. Cousteau advocates the importance of conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ocean and water resources for a healthy planet and productive societies.

## Personal life

Cousteau is the daughter of Philippe Cousteau and Jan Cousteau and the granddaughter of French explorer and filmmaker Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Cousteau. She is a member of the third generation Cousteau family who explore and explain the natural world. At the age of four months, Cousteau first went on expedition with her father, Philippe Cousteau and learned to scuba dive with her grandfather, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, when she was seven.

## Education

Cousteau earned a bachelor's degree in political science (International Relations) from Georgetown College in 1998. In May 2016, she received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from Georgetown University, her alma mater.

## Career

In 2000, Cousteau co-founded EarthEcho International with her brother Philippe Cousteau Jr. to further her family's legacy in science, advocacy, and education.
From 2005 to 2007, Cousteau worked on ocean conservation issues in Central America as an advisor for MarViva.
In 2010, Cousteau led the Expedition Blue Planet: North America, a five-month, 18,000 miles of interactive exploration of critical water issues across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Cousteau and her team filmed a range of critical water issues on the Colorado River, the Gulf Coast, the Tennessee Valley, the Great Lakes, and Chesapeake Bay and also stopped in 20 communities along the route to host watershed action days.
In 2014, she led an expedition to Canada in partnership with the Ottawa Riverkeeper and Aqua Hacking 2015, a conference focused on protecting the river. It's a joint initiative between Ottawa Riverkeeper, Alexandra Cousteau's Blue Legacy, and the de Gaspe Beaubien Foundation.
Cousteau is also a member of the board of Neom, a planned cross-border city in northwestern Saudi Arabia developed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.
In 2019, she co-founded Oceans2050, where she currently serves as president. Oceans2050 is an ambitious project that aims to restore ocean abundance by the year 2050.
Cousteau is a globally popular speaker on sustainability, conservation and resilience to climate change.
# Alexandra Cordebard

Alexandra Cordebard (born 1 January 1967) is a French politician of the Socialist Party. Since 2017, she has served as mayor of the 10th arrondissement of Paris. She has been a member of the Council of Paris since 2014, and served as a deputy mayor of Paris from 2014 to 2017.
# Alexander Hill

Alexander Hill may refer to:
* Alexander Hill (minister) (1785–1867), Scottish minister of the Church of Scotland
* Alexander Staveley Hill (1825–1905), British lawyer and politician
* Alexander Hill (academic) (1856–1929), British physician and academic
* Alexander Erskine-Hill (1894–1947), Scottish Unionist Party politician
* Alexander Hill (rower) (born 1993), Australian rower
* Alexander Hill (Ross Island), a hill on Ross Island, Antarctica
# Alfonso Uribe Jaramillo

Alfonso Uribe Jaramillo (January 6, 1914 - July 15, 1993) was a Colombian theologian, religious and philanthropist. Having served as Auxiliary Bishop of Cartagena from 1963 to 1968. On April 6, 1968, he would be appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Sonsón-Rionegro.
# Alfonso Reyes Echandía

Alfonso Reyes Echandía (14 July 1932 – 7 November 1985) was a Colombian educator, jurist and magistrate of the Supreme Court of Colombia who served as its President from 24 January 1985 until his death in the Palace of Justice siege.
The Palace of Justice of Colombia is named after him.
# Allodynerus dignotus

Allodynerus dignotus is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
# Anathallis adrianae

Anathallis adrianae is a species of orchid plant native to Ecuador.
# Anaptilora haplospila

Anaptilora haplospila is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is 12–13 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish with blackish dots. The first discal is found before the middle, the second at two-thirds, and the plical before the first discal. There are also some terminal dots. The hindwings are grey-whitish.
# Anatoly Morozov

Anatoly Morozov may refer to:
* Anatoly Morozov (pilot) (1916–1944), Soviet World War II pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Anatoly Morozov (scientist) (born 1939), Ukrainian scientist
* Anatoly Morozov (athlete) (born 1973), Russian football player
# Amorpha nitens

Amorpha nitens, the shining false indigo, is a species of flowering plant in the pea family. It is native to the southern United States, in Arkansas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Illinois, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky and South Carolina.
# Amorpha ouachitensis

Amorpha ouachitensis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Ouachita leadplant, Ouachita Mountain leadplant, Ouachita false indigo, and Ouachita indigobush. It is native to Oklahoma and Arkansas in the United States.
Amorpha ouachitensis is a shrub growing up to about 2 meters (80 inches) tall. The compound leaves are each made up of several oval leaflets. The inflorescence is made up of many flowers with purple petals and yellow anthers.
Amorpha ouachitensis is native to the Ouachita Mountains. In Oklahoma it occurs in Le Flore, McCurtain, and Pushmataha Counties. In Arkansas the plant occurs in Conway, Garland, Logan, Montgomery, and Polk Counties. The species manifests in the Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area.
Amorpha ouachitensis grows in clearings and on rocky slopes, often next to streams or on floodplains. It is associated with other plants that include Calamovilfa arcuata, Streptanthus squamiformis, and Gaura demareei.
The species is threatened by alteration of its habitat.
# Ancilla matthewsi

Ancilla matthewsi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.
# An Encounter

"An Encounter" is a short story by James Joyce. It is second in a collection of Joyce's short stories called Dubliners. In the story, two young boys experience an eerie encounter with a strange, old man. It deals with themes such as routine and wanderlust.

## The story

The story, narrated in the first person, is about a boy and his friend Mahony taking a day off from school to seek adventure in their dull lives. The boy has sought escape from his daily routine in stories of the Wild West and American detective stories and in make-believe warfare with his schoolmates. However, "The mimic warfare of the evening became at last as wearisome to me as the routine of school in the morning because I wanted real adventures to happen to myself. But real adventures, I reflected, do not happen to people who remain at home: they must be sought abroad." His plan is to play truant, walk to the docks along the Liffey, Dublin's river, cross it by ferry, and walk toward the Pigeon House, Dublin's power station. The story describes the boys' excursion and the people they see. They get a glimpse of the world outside Dublin in the foreign sailors at the docks and are exposed to the city's social diversity. They become too tired to go to the Pigeon House and stop to rest. An older man approaches them and begins talk of such mundane subjects as reading Sir Walter Scott and boys having young sweethearts. At one point, the man excuses himself and masturbates. His friend Mahony leaves the boy alone. The man returns and begins a drawn-out monologue on the need to whip boys who misbehave. Deeply unsettled, the boy gets up to leave and calls to Mahony. He's relieved when his friend comes to him, but also ashamed for having looked down on him.
Joyce's brother Stanislaus wrote that the story was based on their encounter with an "elderly pederast" while playing truant.
The boys' journey to the Pigeon House has been interpreted as a futile quest for Ireland's Church, like the visit to the bazaar "Araby", and the pervert they encounter has been taken as a counterpart to Father Flynn in "The Sisters".

## Adaptation

In 2021, an eponymous modern short film adaptation, written by Mark O'Halloran, was released.

## Online texts

* An Encounter – From the book Dubliners.
# An End Has a Start

An End Has a Start is the second album by British indie rock band Editors. It was released on 25 June 2007 in the UK and on 17 July 2007 in the US. The album was certified Platinum in the UK on the same day it was released. An End Has a Start was the 69th best-selling album in the UK end of year album chart in 2007.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 65/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B+ |
| Drowned in Sound | 8/10 |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | 6/10 |
| The Observer | |
| Pitchfork | 4.9/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| The Times | |
| Uncut | |
An End Has a Start was met with mostly positive reviews, reaching a Metacritic score of 65 based on 24 reviews. Drowned in Sound wrote: "An End Has a Start actually sounds like it was crafted as ten quite individual chapters of a long-running saga; surprisingly, though, it ultimately works better than its predecessor as a cohesive, flowing album", with a score 8 of 10. The Guardian wrote that "singer Tom Smith tempers his constant anxiety with flashes of optimism, his brittle nihilism with gooey sentiment" (8/10). NME opined that "An End Has a Start turns out to be a pupae album—its Editors stretching their sonic muscles, poking the first spindles of whatever new form they'll take out of their gloom-rock cocoon come album three", giving the album 6 of 10. Pitchfork felt that "It's a shame that premature commercial success has sullied Editors' creativity, because An End contains its share of bright spots", giving the album 4.9 of 10. Stylus Magazine said that it is "A record that's so deathly serious that each of its ten songs could be associated with its very own biblical plague."

## Track listing

All tracks written by Tom Smith, Chris Urbanowicz, Russell Leetch & Edward Lay.

### B-Sides and Rarities
## Trivia

* German band In Extremo covered the track "An End Has a Start" on their 2008 album Sängerkrieg.

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Belgium (BEA) | Gold | 15,000$^*$ |
| Ireland (IRMA) | Gold | 7,500$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 335,000 |
| United States | — | 48,000 |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Andi Schmid

Andi Schmid is an Austrian luger and skeleton racer who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s.
As a skeleton athlete, he won four medals in the men's event at the FIBT World Championships with one gold (1993) and three silvers (1990, 1991, 1994).
Schmid won the overall men's Skeleton World Cup title twice (1986–7, 1987–8).
Currently he works as the Performance Director for the British Skeleton Team.
# Ando, New South Wales

Ando is a rural hamlet with a very small population in the Snowy Monaro Regional Council in southern New South Wales, Australia. The village is at the junction of the Monaro Highway and Snowy River Way, about 20 km (12 mi) north of Bombala. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural land holdings.
Ando was first settled around 1862 by Ghikas Boulgaris (locally known as Jigger Bulgary), a Greek convict who had been transported to New South Wales after being captured attempting to rob a British merchant ship in the Mediterranean Sea. Boulgaris, the first Greek migrant in Australia, took up land on the Bibbenluke estate and named it Ando.
A school opened in the village in 1913, but closed in 2011 when enrollments had dropped to just 6 students. The village also maintains a rural fire service and a community hall. A railway station at Jincumbilly, a few kilometers west served Ando and the surrounding pastoral areas between 1921 and 1975. There was a post office there from 1915 until 1981.
# Andre Allen (defensive end)

Andre Allen (born June 30, 1973) is a former Canadian football defensive end who played one game for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League in 1995, recording a single tackle. He played college football for the Northern Iowa Panthers.
# Ailello hui Daimine

Ailello hui Daimine (died 749) was the 20th King of Uí Maine.
The Annals of Tigernach report of him "Bass Ailello h-ui Daimine, ríg h-Úa Maine", though it does not provide the details or context of his death.
He does not seem to appear in the genealogies and, besides an apparent relationship to king Dunchadh ua Daimhine (died 780), does not seem to have left any notable progeny.
| Preceded byCathal Maenmaighe | King of Uí Maine 745–749 | Succeeded byInreachtach mac Dluthach |
# Bruno Tozzi

Bruno Tozzi FRS (27 November 1656 – 29 January 1743) was an Italian monk, botanist and mycologist. An abbott of the Vallombrosan Order, he was a mentor for Pier Antonio Micheli who named the plant genus Tozzia in his honour.

## Biography

Tozzi was born in Montevarchi and his father Francesco di Simone Tozzi came from Florence. He was ordained in the Vallombrosan Order on May 5, 1676. He took an interest in the study of nature, travelling into the Alps and across Italy, collecting natural history specimens. Along with Pier Antonio Micheli he took an interest in the fungi and described many species with illustrations. His manuscript Sylva fungorum is preserved at the Biblioteca Nazionale in Florence. Tozzi was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1715 and corresponded with James Petiver, Hans Sloane and other naturalists of the period. He was a founder of the Società Botanica Fiorentina. He lived a solitary life as a monk and died in Vallombrosa.
# Yeşilbağ

Yeşilbağ can refer to:
* Yeşilbağ, Çınar
* Yeşilbağ, Manavgat
# To Town with Terry

To Town with Terry was a 1950s radio programme, broadcast on the BBC Home Service and hosted by Terry-Thomas.
The first episodes of series was broadcast on 12 October 1948 and subsequently ran weekly for 24 episodes until 28 March 1949. Terry-Thomas was unhappy with the series, saying "I was never totally satisfied with [it] ... The perfectionist in me always made me aware of anything that was less than first class".
The programme consisted of a "mixture of sketches, solo routines, musical interludes and a range of popular and topical star guests",
# Alfred Kossmann

Alfred Kossmann (31 January 1922 – 27 June 1998) was a Dutch poet and prose writer. Kossmann and his brother Ernst Kossmann, a distinguished Dutch historian, were twins.

## Biography

Born in Leiden, Kossmann was the son of the erudite librarian F. H. Kossmann. He had two brothers. His twin brother Ernst became a historian; his younger brother Bernhard played the violin professionally. The Kossmann family was partly of Jewish descent and they came from Germany before they settled in the Netherlands. Kossmann attended the Gymnasium Erasmianum in Rotterdam but never finished it. Subsequently, he worked for several years in bookshops and publishing houses. In the Second World War, he was arrested. He had to work for two-and-a-half years in Germany, along with his twin brother Ernst. In 1950, Kossmann published a novel, De nederlaag (The defeat), that was based on their experiences during the war.
After the war, he worked mainly in publishing houses. As an experienced traveller, he wrote some travel literature.
In 1972, Kossmann had a car accident that left him disabled. His novel Laatst ging ik spelevaren (Of late I went out boating) was based on these experiences. After the accident, he lived in Greece for several years. He died in Amsterdam.
Kossmann's work is characterized by a sense of irony and detachment.
# Allodynerus laticlypeus

Allodynerus laticlypeus is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
# Corah

Corah may refer to:
# Coragyps

Coragyps is a genus of New World vulture that contains the black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and two extinct relatives.
The genus Coragyps was introduced in 1853 by the French naturalist Emmanuel Le Maout to accommodate the black vulture. The name combines the Ancient Greek korax meaning "raven" with gups meaning "vulture".
One extinct species is the 'western' black vulture, Coragyps occidentalis, a larger ancestral relative of the modern species which lived in North America during much of the Pleistocene epoch; however, genetic evidence indicates that C. occidentalis may not be a true species of its own, as it is nested within the modern black vulture. The other is the Cuban black vulture, Coragyps seductus, known from the Pleistocene of Cuba.