OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bill Courtright

William L. Courtright (born December 1, 1957) is an American politician and the former mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania. He was elected on November 5, 2013, defeating Republican Jim Mulligan, 55%–45%. He was re-elected on November 7, 2017, again defeating Republican nominee, Jim Mulligan, 52%–48%. In October 2020 he was sentenced to 7 years imprisonment on corruption charges.

## Political career

Courtright served on the Scranton City Council for six years. He was elected Scranton Tax Collector on November 3, 2009, and served a four-year term.
Courtright was first elected mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 2013.

## Personal life

Courtright and his wife, Kim, have three children, William, Jr., Patrick, and Lindsey.
FBI agents raided his home on January 9, 2019. The FBI did not immediately disclose what crimes Bill Courtright was suspected of committing.
Courtright pleaded guilty on July 2, 2020, to charges of conspiracy, bribery and extortion. On October 2, 2020, he was sentenced to 7 years imprisonment and ordered to pay a $25,000 fine.

## Electoral history

Scranton Mayoral Democratic Primary, 2013 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Bill Courtright | 6,091 | 50.9% |
| | Democratic | Elizabeth Randol | 5,068 | 42.3% |
| | Democratic | Others | 812 | 6.7% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 11,971 | 100.0% |
Scranton Mayoral Election, 2013 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Bill Courtright | 8,782 | 54.8% |
| | Republican | Jim Mulligan | 7,229 | 45.2% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 16,011 | 100.0% |
Scranton Mayoral Democratic Primary, 2017 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Bill Courtright (inc.) | 4,864 | 100.0% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,864 | 100.0% |
Scranton Mayoral Election, 2017 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Bill Courtright (inc.) | 7,452 | 51.8% |
| | Republican | Jim Mulligan | 6,939 | 48.2% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 14,391 | 100.0% |
# Eastern Carpathian Foothills

Eastern Carpathian Foothills as a geographical term designates transitional region in the western parts of Ukraine and northeastern parts of Romania, between Eastern Carpathian Mountains to the southwest and number of plain regions to the east and north (bordering Moldavian Plateau to the southeast and east, Podillia Upland to the northeast and east, Roztochia Upland to the north, Sian Lowland to the northwest). Its average elevation is around 300–500 m (980–1,640 ft) above sea level. The region stretches across Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi Oblasts and Suceava County.

## Description

The region represents a portion of a large foredeep (Carpathian Foredeep) that formed during the Miocene epoch in front of the folding Carpathian Mountains. The outer zone of the foredeep has as its foundation the Podolian Platform; the inner zone consists of severely dislocated flysch deposits. The foredeep itself is filled with thick Miocene deposits of clays, argillites, calcareous clays, and sandstones covered by diluvial and alluvial deposits.
At the end of the Pliocene epoch the region was an accumulative-denudational peneplain covered by fluvial deposits of sand, silt, and clay originating from the Carpathians. As a result of an uplift at the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of the Pleistocene epoch the rivers intensified their erosion and sculpted into the surface a number of wide valleys, lowlands, and intervening ridges.
The uplift of Eastern Carpathian Foothills was not uniform, however, and the relief features are partly of tectonic origin. In the Dnieper glacial phase the northeastern part of Eastern Carpathian Foothills was occupied by a lobe of the European continental glacier, and the meltwaters temporarily ponded. By the end of the Pleistocene epoch the region was covered by deposits of loess. At present the rivers from the Carpathian Mountains, most notably the Stryi River, carry silt and sand on to Eastern Carpathian Foothills and deposit them in their floodplains.

## Regions

* Upper Dniester Depression
* Kalush Depression
* Voinyliv Upland
* Stanislaviv Depression
* Pokuttia Upland
* Bukovinian Subcarpathians
** Chernivtsi Upland
** Storozhynets Plateau
Intervalley ridges rise above the region 80–120 m (260–390 ft) or more. The highest point, Mount Tsetsyna, near Chernivtsi has elevation of 537 m (1,762 ft). Major intervalley ridges include Drohobych Ridge, Middle Pricarpathian Ridge, Southern Pokuttia Ridge, Seret-Prut Ridge, and the Ridges of Bukovina. Among local lowlands there are Upper Dniester Depression, Kalush Depression, Stanislaviv Depression, Halych-Bukachivtsi Basin, Kolomyia-Chernivtsi Basin, Seret Basin.
# Echinosaura orcesi

Echinosaura orcesi is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The species is endemic to northwestern South America.

## Etymology

The specific name, orcesi, is in honor of Ecuadorian herpetologist Gustavo Orcés.

## Geographic range

E. orcesi is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

## Habitat

The natural habitats of E. orcesi are forest and wetland.

## Reproduction

E. orcesi is oviparous.
# Bill MacDonald (Nova Scotia politician)

Bill MacDonald is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Sackville-Beaver Bank in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1993 to 1998. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.
A long time member of Halifax County Council, MacDonald first attempted to enter provincial politics in the 1984 election. He ran in the Sackville riding, but was defeated by New Democrat John Holm, finishing second ahead of Progressive Conservative incumbent Malcolm A. MacKay. MacDonald ran again in 1993, and won the new Sackville-Beaver Bank riding by 856 votes. MacDonald was defeated by New Democrat Rosemary Godin when he ran for re-election in 1998. MacDonald ran again in the 1999 election, but finished third, 1,300 votes behind the winner Barry Barnet.
# Bill Mason (director)

Rowland Hill Berkeley Mason (9 November 1915 – 17 January 2002), better known as Bill Mason, was an English documentary film maker and scriptwriter.

## Life

Mason was born in Kings Norton, Birmingham, England to Elsie Ann (née Berkeley) and Edward Daniel Mason; Elsie's father Rowland Hill Berkeley had been Lord Mayor of Birmingham in 1904-1905.
Mason was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, between 1929 and 1934. After six months as a stockbroker, he went up to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he read English and joined the Cambridge University Film Society.
In the 1940s, he moved to Hampstead Heath, London, with his wife and son Nick Mason, who became the drummer of Pink Floyd. A filmmaker and amateur racing car driver, because of a lifelong passion for motor sports Bill Mason specialized in observing them as a maker of documentary films. His enthusiasm for the world of motoring was passed on to his son Nick, who wrote about them in his book Into the Red (2004). Mason's success was such that Nick was given an Aston Martin sports car as a teenager.
As well as making films, Mason was also a scriptwriter.

## Filmography as director

* Le Mans 1952 (1952)
* Mille miglia (1953)
* History of the Motor Car (1972)
* Racing Mercedes - Part One (2001)
* Racing Mercedes - Part Two (2001)
* Racing Mercedes - Part Three (2001)
# Ecuadorian Planning Zones

The planning zones of Ecuador are administrative organization entities made up of joint provinces or metropolitan districts in order to decentralize administrative activities of the Ecuadorian State. The main agency in charge of zone planning is Senplades.

## Planning zones

There are nine planning zones in Ecuador:
* Ecuador Planning Zone 1 : Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Carchi, Sucumbíos
* Ecuador Planning Zone 2 : Pichincha, Napo, Orellana
* Ecuador Planning Zone 3 : Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, Pastaza
* Ecuador Planning Zone 4 : Manabí, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
* Ecuador Planning Zone 5 : Santa Elena, Guayas, Bolívar, Los Ríos, Galápagos
* Ecuador Planning Zone 6 : Cañar, Azuay, Morona Santiago
* Ecuador Planning Zone 7 : El Oro, Loja, Zamora Chinchipe
* Ecuador Planning Zone 8: Guayaquil, Samborondón, Durán
* Ecuador Planning Zone 9: Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
# Echinostephia

Echinostephia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae.
Its native range is Eastern Australia.
Species:
# Löffelstelzen radio transmitter

Löffelstelzen Transmitter is a broadcasting facility of SWR at Bad Mergentheim-Löffelstelzen in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was inaugurated at the beginning of the 1950s and used at those days a guyed mast, which was insulated against ground, because it was used for medium-wave broadcasting with a butterfly antenna for FM- and TV-transmission on its top. Later this mast was replaced by a concrete tower, which carried an antenna for FM-/TV-broadcasting on its top and a cage and a wire antenna for medium-wave broadcasting at its site. This tower was replaced between 1998 and 2000 by a 179 metre tall concrete tower. This tower is not equipped with an antenna for medium wave broadcasting, because this was ceased in 2000 at the Löffelstelzen transmission site.
# Symmetric spectrum

In algebraic topology, a symmetric spectrum X is a spectrum of pointed simplicial sets that comes with an action of the symmetric group $\Sigma _{n}$ on $X_{n}$ such that the composition of structure maps
    $S^{1}\wedge \dots \wedge S^{1}\wedge X_{n}\to S^{1}\wedge \dots \wedge S^{1}\wedge X_{n+1}\to \dots \to S^{1}\wedge X_{n+p-1}\to X_{n+p}$
is equivariant with respect to $\Sigma _{p}\times \Sigma _{n}$. A morphism between symmetric spectra is a morphism of spectra that is equivariant with respect to the actions of symmetric groups.
The technical advantage of the category ${\mathcal {S}}p^{\Sigma }$ of symmetric spectra is that it has a closed symmetric monoidal structure (with respect to smash product). It is also a simplicial model category. A symmetric ring spectrum is a monoid in ${\mathcal {S}}p^{\Sigma }$; if the monoid is commutative, it's a commutative ring spectrum. The possibility of this definition of "ring spectrum" was one of motivations behind the category.
A similar technical goal is also achieved by May's theory of S-modules, a competing theory.
# Angria Bank

Angria Bank is a bank, a shallow sunken atoll, on the continental shelf off the west coast of India. It is located 105 kilometres (65 mi) west of Vijaydurg, Maharashtra. It has platform type coral reef.
The name Angria Bank is derived from the name of one of the most successful Naval Admiral of Maratha Empire, Kanhoji Angre, whose name was spelled Conajee Angria by the british.

## Geography

The bank is at an average depth of approximately 35 metres (115 ft), and its dimensions are 40 kilometres (25 mi) from north to south and 15 kilometres (9 mi) from east to west. It is a coral reef. The depth may vary; at some points, the water is 23 metres (75 ft) deep, and at other points, the seafloor can be 400 metres (1,300 ft) below sea level. The bottom is composed of sand, shells, and coral. The bank is steep-to on all sides, with great depths surrounding it.
Angria Bank is 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Adas Bank, a similar submerged feature off the coast of Goa.

## Marine life

In late December 2019, the Wildlife Conservation Society of India launched an expedition to Angria Bank, discovering a coral reef that hadn't bleached yet. The government of India plans to designate Angria Bank as a marine protected reserve.
Angria Bank is known to have at least one laced moray eel, a school of schooling bannerfish, and a red knob sea star. Several common dolphins and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins inhabit the deeper waters of the coast. During the 8-day expedition to Angria Bank that started on 18 December, over 150 species of corals and algae were documented with no visible signs of bleaching.

## Tourism

As of 2008, Angria Bank is accessible by a two-hour boat ride from Malvan, Maharashtra. In 2008, Maharashtra state Finance Minister Jayant Patil announced a ₹50 million initiative to explore Angria Bank to determine the feasibility of further marine tourism in the area.
The first ever underwater scientific expedition was carried out by the National Institute of Oceanography in 1985 . It revealed significant biodiversity though the results are yet to be published.
# Zimbabwe Unity Movement

The Zimbabwe Unity Movement, was a short lived political movement in Zimbabwe. It served as a successor and link to the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe. Edgar Tekere ran as Presidential Candidate in the 1990 Zimbabwean Presidential election, against Robert Mugabe.

## History

Tekere supported Mugabe at the 1985 elections but by October 1988 his consistent criticism of corruption resulted in his expulsion from the party. When Mugabe voiced his belief that Zimbabwe would be better governed as a one-party state, Tekere strongly disagreed, saying "A one-party state was never one of the founding principles of ZANU-PF and experience in Africa has shown that it brought the evils of nepotism, corruption and inefficiency."
In 1989, Tekere established the Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), challenging Mugabe in the 1990 elections without success. His economic platform including offering a broadly free market against Mugabe's centralized economic planning. Tekere received unprecedented support for his opposition to Mugabe, prompting the ZANU to engage in voter suppression, violence, and harassment. Incidents included a fatal attack on two ZUM representatives in Karoi. Intimidation was employed throughout regions of Zimbabwe where ZANU encountered substantial opposition from ZUM. Conversely, in areas like Masvingo Province in southern Zimbabwe, where ZANU had solidified its base through beneficial relationships and the provision of social services, the political climate was relatively calm with minimal reports of election-related violence. During the election on 1 April 1990, Mugabe received 2,026,976 votes, compared to the 413,840 (16% of the vote) received by Tekere.
At the simultaneous Parliamentary elections the ZUM won 20% of the vote but only two seats in the House of Assembly. Zimbabwe Unity Movement supporters were the targets of violent attacks from supporters of ZANU (PF) and five candidates were murdered. A student representative Israel Mutanhaurwa of ZUM was abducted in broad daylight by suspected state agents at the local cinemas in Gweru to be dumped unharmed on the outskirts of Mkoba a local suburb. No-one was arrested or convicted of the crime. Those convicted of the attempted murder of former Gweru Mayor Patrick Kombayi who was shot in lower abdomen but survived the shooting, were pardoned immediately afterwards.
# 1543 in France

Events from the year 1543 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Francis I

## Events

* Siege of Landrecies May 1543 - November 1543
* Siege of Nice 6-22 August 1543

## Births

* 18 February – Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (died 1608).

### Full date missing

* Louis Bellaud, writer (died 1588)
* François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières, military officer (died 1626)
* Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy, secretary of state (died 1617)

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Jean Le Veneur, Roman Catholic cardinal, died 7 or 8 August 1543.
* Philippe de Chabot, admiral (born c.1492)
# Stephen Farish

Stephen Edward Farish (born 12 August 1970) is an English international bowls player.

## Biography

In 1992, Farish won the national singles title after defeating Hugh Duff in the final. He has further National Championship titles in 1997 and 2000.
In 2002 he won a silver medal with Dean Morgan in the pairs at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
In 2008 he won a bronze medal with Mark Bantock, Robert Newman and Graham Shadwell in the fours at the 2008 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Christchurch, New Zealand.
# Delcombe Manor

Delcombe Manor is a Grade II*-listed manor in Milton Abbas, Dorset, England.

## History

The manor was built circa 1750 using flint and stone from Milton Abbey. It was originally two separate cottages which were joined. It was designed in the Romantic Gothic architectural style.
In 1929 it was purchased by merchant banker Charles Jocelyn Hambro, who lived there with his wife Pamela Hambro and their children, including his son Charles.

## Architectural significance

The manor is listed as Grade II* by Historic England; the listing was applied on 14 July 1955.
# Erik Josefsson (activist)

Erik Hjalmar Josefsson (born 24 August 1963) is a Swedish musician, campaigner against software patents, and internet activist.

## Education and career

Erik Josefsson was born in Lund. He graduated from Malmö Academy of Music in 1997 (double bass), while finalising a teachers degree in maths and physics at Umeå University. While studying in Umeå, Josefsson was playing with Kammarorkester Bothnia, Trio Lligo and Projektor 7. After a shoulder injury, Josefsson worked as a programmer at WM-data with billing and case handling.

## Activism and politics

Starting in 2000, Josefsson engaged with Skåne Själland Linux User Group (SSLUG) and became a member of the board in 2002. In 2004, he founded the Swedish Chapter of Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) together with Jonas Bosson and Christian Engström and was its president until 2007, when he started working as European Affairs Coordinator with Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in Brussels. Throughout his career Josefsson has been an active campaigner against software patents and was instrumental in the European Parliament's final rejection of the software patents directive in July 2005. According to Swedish tech magazine Ny Teknik, Josefsson was among the 50 most influential persons in IT in 2004 and 2005.
In late 2008, Josefsson became a member of the Swedish Left Party and ran for MEP in the 2009 elections but left the party for the Greens/EFA after elections. While working in the European Parliament he started the European Parliament Free Software User Group (EPFSUG) together with MEP Indrek Tarand. Josefsson received the Nordic Free Software Award in 2011 and was allegedly the founder of Telecomix "without whom that ACTA campaign in the EU might never have happened".
# Eric Heath

Eric Heath may refer to:
* Eric Heath (architect) (1894–1952), Australian architect
* Eric Heath (artist) (born 1923), New Zealand artist
# Brandt matrix

In mathematics, Brandt matrices are matrices, introduced by Brandt (1943), that are related to the number of ideals of given norm in an ideal class of a definite quaternion algebra over the rationals, and that give a representation of the Hecke algebra.
Eichler (1955) calculated the traces of the Brandt matrices.
Let O be an order in a quaternion algebra with class number H, and I$_i$,...,I$_H$ invertible left O-ideals representing the classes. Fix an integer m. Let e$_j$ denote the number of units in the right order of I$_j$ and let B$_{ij}$ denote the number of α in I$_j$$^{−1}$I$_i$ with reduced norm N(α) equal to mN(I$_i$)/N(I$_j$). The Brandt matrix B(m) is the H×H matrix with entries B$_{ij}$. Up to conjugation by a permutation matrix it is independent of the choice of representatives I$_j$; it is dependent only on the level of the order O.
# Brachiolodes

Brachiolodes is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1953. Its single species, Brachiolodes ziczac, was described by the same author. It is found in Mauritania.
# Erlend Apneseth

Erlend Apneseth (born 11 August 1990) is a hardingfele player from Jølster in Sogn og Fjordane.

## Biography

Apneseth is known for his critically acclaimed albums on HUBRO / Grappa, with his trio featuring drummer Øyvind Hegg-Lunde (drums, percussion) and Stephan Meidell (guitar, electronics), as well as his own solo-projects. He has written music for cinema, theatre, dance performances, poetry, and musical ensembles and orchestras in different genres. As a soloist he has appeared with Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester and The Norwegian Chamber Orchestra among others. He has received several awards, such as Gammleng-prisen, Øyvind Berghs Minnepris and the Folkelarm-award. Erlend Apneseth Trio's album «Salika, Molika», featurering accordionist Frode Haltli, received both the NOPA prize and Spellemannprisen, and was nominated for the Nordic Music Prize 2020.

## Honors

* 2012: Grappa Music debutant award
* 2013: Fureprisen (2013)
* 2014: Øivind Bergh memorial award
* 2014: Music Scholarship from Sparebanken Vest
* 2014: Ingerid, Synnøve and Elias Fegerstens foundation for the Norwegian composers and performing musicians
* 2016: Folkelarm-award for Det Andre Rommet
* 2016: Nominated for Spellemannprisen Det Andre Rommet
* 2017: Nominated for Spellemannprisen Nattsongar
* 2017: Nominated for Spellemannprisen Åra
* 2018: Gammleng-prisen
* 2018: NOPA-award 2018 Salika, Molika
* 2019: Nominated for Folkelarm-award 2019 for Salika, Molika (with Frode Haltli)
* 2019: Spellemannprisen 2019 for Salika, Molika
* 2019 Forsberg & Aulies legat 2019
* 2019 Nominated for Nordic Music Prize 2019 Salika, Molika
* 2020 Folkelarm-award 2020 Fragmentaritum

## Discography
### Solo albums

* 2013: Blikkspor (Grappa)
* 2016: Det Andre Rommet (Hubro), with Erlend Apneseth Trio
* 2017: Nattsongar (Hubro)
* 2017: Åra (Hubro), with Erlend Apneseth Trio
* 2019: Salika, Molika (Hubro), with Erlend Apneseth Trio and Frode Haltli
* 2019: Fragmentarium (Hubro), Erland Apneseth with an Ensemble
* 2021: Lokk (Hubro) Erlend Apneseth Trio
# Branston Rural District

Branston was a rural district in Kesteven in Lincolnshire, England from 1894 to 1931. It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of Lincoln rural sanitary district which was in Kesteven (the rest going to form Welton Rural District in Lindsey). It was abolished in 1931 under a County Review Order, and was merged into a North Kesteven Rural District.
# Ernest Matthew Mickler

Ernest Matthew Mickler (Pronounced MYkler) (August 23, 1940 – November 15, 1988) was the author of White Trash Cooking, a cookbook with recipes from the American Southeast.
Mickler grew up in rural Florida. Mickler also wrote Sinkin Spells, Hot Flashes, Fits and Cravins, now sold as White Trash Cooking II. He died of AIDS in 1988, aged 48.