OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Raff

Alexander Raff (1820–1914) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

## Early life

Raff was born in Forres, Elginshire, Scotland, in July 1820, as the third son of James and Margaret Raff. Raff arrived in New South Wales in 1845, following his eldest brother, George Raff, who had arrived in 1841. After first settling in Victoria pursuing pastoral interests, Raff arrived in Brisbane, aboard the Souvenir schooner on 9 April 1851.

## Queensland years

Raff purchased two blocks of land on what was to become Gregory Terrace in Spring Hill on 14 May 1860 for £312.4.3. A third adjacent block was subsequently bought by Raff in 1864 from the original 1860 purchaser, John Frederick McDougall.
In January 1861, Raff was seriously injured when he was thrown from his horse.
Raff married Elizabeth Millar Patterson, the elder daughter of a prominent Scottish medical family, in Sydney on 5 June 1862. The newly-weds arrived in Brisbane aboard the Balclutha on 13 June 1862. Raff and his wife Elizabeth had seven children, six of whom survived to adulthood. At some point prior to the birth of his first child, Jessie Watson, on 18 April 1863, the now heritage-listed house Grangehill was built on the Gregory Terrace site and occupied by Raff's family.
In 1865 Raff was appointed to the position of Official Assignee of Insolvent Estates, and in 1868 he was promoted to the position of Curator of Intestate Estates. The Official Assignee was responsible for collecting the assets of an insolvent debtor and distributing them among the creditors; the Curator of Intestate Estates administered the estate of deceased persons, thought to have died intestate.
Raff continued his pastoral interests in Queensland, on his property, Logie Plains on the Darling Downs. For many years from the 1880s, Raff was a partner of Smellie and Co, looking after the financial interests of the company.
In August 1884 Raff was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council.
Raff was an active member of various organisations and societies, including the Brisbane School of Arts, where he was elected treasurer in January 1854; the Pilot's Board; the Queensland Horticultural and Agricultural Society and the Queensland Philosophical Society, in both of which he acted as treasurer during the 1860s. Raff was the first president of the Young Men's Christian Association in Queensland. Other organisations of which he was a member include the Queensland Steam Navigation Company; the Board of National Education pending the passing of the Education Act in 1860; and, later, the men's steering committee for the Brisbane Children's Hospital established in 1878. Raff was a director of the Scottish Mutual Land and Mortgage Company; the Agricultural Company; the Brisbane Gas Company and National Mutual Life Association. Raff was an elder in the Presbyterian Church.

## Later life

Raff retired from the legislative council on 10 June 1910 (he was approaching his 90th birthday).
Raff died on 26 January 1914. He was buried in the Toowong Cemetery on 27 January 1914.
# Alexandra Croom

Alexandra T. Croom BA FSA is a British archaeologist and museum curator.

## Career

Croom is the Keeper of Archaeology at Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums. She was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 29 April 2010.

### Exhibitions

Croom has been involved in the planning and delivery of several exhibitions for Tyne & Wear Archives & Museum including:
* The Glory of Rome: Arbeia's Greatest Treasures (2014): An exhibition at Arbeia fort.
* Saving Face (2018): An exhibition of a private collections of Roman helmet cheek-pieces.
* Borderline Funny (2019): An exhibition in Segedunum of modern cartoons related to Hadrian's Wall.

## Select publications

* Bidwell, P. T., Croom, A., Snape, M. E. 1999. Hardknott Roman Fort, Cumbria : including an account of the excavations by the late Dorothy Charlesworth. Kendal : Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society
* Croom, A. T. and Griffiths, W. B. (eds) 2002. Re-enactment as Research : Proceedings of the Twelfth International Roman Military Equipment Conference, held at the Customs House, South Shields, UK, 24th-26th September 1999(Journal of Military Equipment Studies 11). Armatura Press.
* Croom, A. 2010. Roman Clothing and Fashion. Stroud, Amberley.
* Croom, A. 2010. Roman Furniture. Stroud, The History Press.
* Rushworth, A., Croom, A., Bishop, M. C., MacRae, C., Johnstone, M., 2016. Segedunum : excavations by Charles Daniels in the Roman fort at Wallsend (1975-1984). Volume 1 The structural remains. Oxford, Oxbow.
# Alexander Higgins (footballer, born 1870)

William Alexander "Sandy" Higgins (born 1870) was an English footballer who played as a full-back. Born in Smethwick, Staffordshire, he played for Manchester United, Albion Swifts, Birmingham St George's, Grimsby Town, Bristol City, Newcastle United and Middlesbrough.
# Alexandrine grammarians

The Alexandrine grammarians were philologists and textual scholars who flourished in Hellenistic Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, when that city was the center of Hellenistic culture. Despite the name, the work of the Alexandrine grammarians was never confined to grammar, and in fact did not include it, since grammar in the modern sense did not exist until the first century BCE. In Hellenistic and later times, grammarian refers primarily to scholars concerned with the restoration, proper reading, explanation and interpretation of the classical texts, including literary criticism. However unlike Atticism, their goal was not to reform the Greek in their day.
The Alexandrine grammarians undertook the critical revision of the works of classical Greek literature, particularly those of Homer, and their studies were profoundly influential, marking the beginning of the Western grammatical tradition. From the beginning, a typical custom, and methodological bias of this tradition was to focus their commentary and analysis on de-contextualized sentences.

## Notable members

Important members of the Alexandrian grammarians included:
* Zenodotus of Ephesus (fl. c. 280 BCE): First superintendent of the Library of Alexandria and editor of Homer.
* Callimachus (fl. c. 260 BCE): Poet, critic, and scholar who cataloged the Library.
* Aristophanes of Byzantium (c. 257 BCE – c. 185 BCE): Editor of Homer and inventor of the polytonic orthography of classical Greek.
* Aristarchus of Samothrace (c. 220 – c. 143 BCE): Responsible for the most important critical edition of the Homeric poems.
* Dionysius Thrax (170 BCE – 90 BCE): Homeric scholar and student of Aristarchus, who did author a Greek grammar, although it did not discuss syntax.
* Didymus Chalcenterus: (c. 63 BCE – 10 CE): Commentator on lyric and comic poets, who compiled and transmitted the work of his predecessors.
# Alexis Shotwell

Alexis Shotwell (b. 1974) is a Canadian philosopher, currently employed as Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University in Ottawa, where she is cross-appointed with the Pauline Jewett Institute of Women's and Gender Studies and the Department of Philosophy. Educated at University of California, Santa Cruz (PhD), Dalhousie University (MA) and McGill University (BA), Shotwell has also taught at Laurentian University.
She works in social philosophy, political theory, and feminist philosophy, especially on questions of moral complicity. She is also the lead researcher for a project on the history of AIDS activism in Canada.

## Publications

Her publications include:
* Against Purity: Living Ethically in Compromised Times, published by University of Minnesota Press (2016)
* Knowing Otherwise: Race, Gender, and Implicit Understanding, published by Pennsylvania State University Press (2011)
# Alexis Shifflett

Alexis Ann Shifflett-Patterson (born May 12, 1996) is an American sitting volleyball player.

## Early life

Shifflett attended Waseca High School where she played softball and volleyball all four years. She was named the captain of her volleyball team her senior year. She was introduced to sitting volleyball at 15 years old, and made her first national team roster at 16 years old.

## Career

Shifflett competed at the World Para Volleyball Championship and won silver medals in 2014 and 2018. She again competed at the World Championship in 2022 and won a bronze medal.
She represented the United States at the 2015 Parapan American Games and won a gold medal. She again represented the United States at the 2019 Parapan American Games and won a gold medal.
She represented the United States at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in sitting volleyball and won a gold medal. She again represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in sitting volleyball and won a gold medal. On July 10, 2024, she was named to team USA's roster to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Personal life

Shifflett was born to John and Katie Shifflett, and has two sisters named Natalie and Michaela. She was born with fibular hemimelia, and without her ankle bones and a few toes on her right leg. She had her foot amputated at nine months old.
She married Alexander Patterson on November 27, 2021.
# Alfonso Ramírez (count)

Alfonso Ramírez (fl. 1150–1185) was a Spanish nobleman of the Kingdom of León, who ruled the Bierzo intermittently between 1167 and his death.
He was the son of Ramiro Froilaz and Inés (Agnes), who was "descended from the kings of France" according to her epitaph. He married Teresa, a daughter of Álvaro Rodríguez and Sancha Fernández de Traba. The couple had a daughter, Inés, and a son, Rodrigo. Alfonso is first mentioned in the historical record in a document dated 22 May 1150. On 22 September, Ramiro ceded to his sons Alfonso and Froila the arras (bridal gift) he never gave their mother.
By 13 May 1167 Alfonso's father had handed over part of the Bierzo to him. By 15 January 1170 he was in complete control of the Bierzo. By 20 January Alfonso could boast the title count (Latin comes), the highest rank granted in the kingdom. Shortly after this the tenencia of the Bierzo was revoked. He briefly governed it again in July 1178, but in September he was sine terra, without land. He then governed it for the third and longest time from 18 August 1180 until 12 October 1185. He died shortly thereafter. At various times he also held the tenencias of Valcárcel (1169), Villabuena (1170), Asturias de Oviedo (1170–71), Ciudad Rodrigo (1177–78), Salamanca (1177–78), Riaño (1181–83), Aguilar de Esla (1182), Ulver (1182–85), Valdeorras (1182–83), and Astorga (1185). He is also known to have made a donation to the Hospitallers on 8 March 1184.
# Alexander Stuart (priest)

Alexander Stuart was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the 19th century.
Stuart educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was the Incumbent at Bandon and Archdeacon of Ross from 1842 until 1883.
# Lisa Brown

Lisa Brown may refer to:
* Lisa Brown (actress) (1954–2021), American actress
* Lisa Brown (artist) (born 1972), Lisa Michelle, American illustrator and children's writer
* Lisa Brown (boxer) (born 1971), Trinidadian boxer
* Lisa Brown (lawyer) (born 1960), White House staff secretary
* Lisa Brown (Washington politician) (born 1956), former member of the Washington State Senate, Chancellor of Washington State University Spokane and candidate for Congress
* Lisa Brown-Miller (born 1966), American female ice hockey player
* Lisa Brown (Michigan politician) (born 1967), Oakland County Clerk-Register and former member of the Michigan State House of Representatives
# Lisa Bronwyn Moore

Lisa Bronwyn Moore is a Canadian actress who has worked extensively in film and television.
She had supporting roles in the movies Windsor Protocol, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, The Courage To Love and Heart: The Marilyn Bell Story.
She has also appeared in films such as Rainbow, Bleeders, The Education of Little Tree, Isn't She Great, Possible Worlds, The Sum of All Fears, The Aviator and I'm Not There. Her stage roles included the 1993 production of Peter Cureton's Passages.
# Alfred Bashford

Alfred Bashford (23 July 1881 – 31 July 1949) was an English cricketer. He played two first-class matches for Middlesex in 1906.
# Yutaro Sugimoto

Yutaro Sugimoto (杉本 裕太郎, Sugimoto Yutaro, born April 5, 1991 in Anan, Tokushima, Japan), nicknamed "Raoh", is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays outfielder for the Orix Buffaloes.
Sugimoto won the Japan Series Most Valuable Player Award for the 2022 Japan Series. His nickname is derived from the fact he is a fan of said character from the manga Fist of the North Star. Since 2021, when he first used it as a nickname on the back of a Buffaloes jersey, he had done the "ascension pose" after hitting a home run.
# Young People's Party (Sierra Leone)

The Young People's Party is a political party in Sierra Leone without parliamentary representation.
# Young People's Religious Union

The Young People's Religious Union (YPRU) was a Unitarian Youth organization founded in 1896. The organization celebrated by the Unitarian Young People's Sunday held annual meetings beginning in 1918 through 1950. Of note was the annual conference held at Star Island, part of the Isles of Shoals off the coast of Portsmouth, NH. Topics discussed at meetings of the organization included Christian Patriotism.
It was superseded by Liberal Religious Youth in 1953, as Unitarianism and Universalism came ever-closer together, but before the official consolidation in 1961.
vteUnitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist topics :
Organizations :
Youth ministry :
Education :
Doctrine and ritual :
See also :
# Baryshnikov Arts Center

The Baryshnikov Arts Center (BAC) is a foundation and arts complex opened by Mikhail Baryshnikov in 2005 at 450 West 37th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The top three floors of the complex are occupied by the Baryshnikov Arts Center, which provides space and production facilities for dance, music, theater, film, and visual arts. The building also houses the Orchestra of St. Luke's DiMenna Center for Classical Music.

## History

The building is a 50,000 square feet (4,600 m$^2$) complex which includes three theatre spaces. Ground was broken on the complex, then known as 37 Arts Theatre, as a commercial venture in July 2001. The first artist in residence with the BAC was Aszure Barton in May 2005, and the administrative offices opened in November 2005. The 37 Arts Theatre was launched in 2005 with the Off-Broadway revival of Hurlyburly starring Ethan Hawke and Parker Posey, followed by In The Heights and Fela!, prior to their successful Broadway runs. Since then, the complex has presented artists including Laurie Anderson, Tere O'Connor, Molly Davies, William Forsythe, Lucy Guerin, Foofwa d'Imobilité, Toni Morrison, Benjamin Millepied, Richard Move, Maria Pagès, Mal Pelo, Lou Reed, Pierre Rigal, Meg Stuart and Donna Uchizono.
BAC provides space, time, and support for artists to present their work. The center also encourages collaboration and multimedia events. The first fellowships were awarded in the summer of 2005. In 2007 and 2008, BAC and the Orchestra of St. Luke's together purchased and began renovation of the 37 Arts Theatre. Theater C re-opened in February 2010 as the Jerome Robbins Theater. In 2011, The Orchestra of St. Luke's re-opened Theaters A and B as the DiMenna Center for Classical Music.

## Gallery

* Carmen de Lavallade
* Jordi Savall and Juilliard 415
* Scene from ILLUSIONS
# Battle Lake (Alberta)

Battle Lake is a lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 approximately 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Edmonton. A locality by the same name is located just east of the lake. Battle River originates in the lake.
# Basi (disambiguation)

Basi or BASI may refer to:
* Basi, a sugar cane wine.
* Basi (giant panda), a female giant panda.
* Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI) now part of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau
* Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India, the quarterly journal of the Astronomical Society of India.
* Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (Pakistan)
# Young & Old

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | |
| Paste | 6.7/10 |
| Slant Magazine | |
Young & Old is the second studio album by American indie pop band Tennis, released in 2012 on Fat Possum Records.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 148 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 18 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard) | 20 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 32 |
# Young & Reckless

Young & Reckless is Dirty Penny's second and final album, released on September 17, 2009. It was produced by Johnny Lima, and recorded at Suspect Studios in San Jose, California.

## Track listing

All tracks written and composed by Ian MacPherson, Matt Biggam, Spencer Joseph, and Tyle Molinaro.
* "If I Were You I'd Hate Me Too" – 3:27
* "In Luv with Insanity" – 3:01
* "LCS" – 3:01
* "On My Sleeve" – 3:35
* "Goin' Out in Style" – 3:34
* "Stand on My Own" – 3:36
* "Sleeping Dogs" – 3:27
* "Devil in Me" – 3:23
* "Dead at 16" – 3:38
* "Livin' Rock" – 3:20
* "Run to You" – 4:26
* "Crash and Burn" – 3:17
* "Wrecking Ball" – 3:46
# Dimvousse

Dimvousse is a town in the Zonsé Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the town has a population of 1,238.
# Battle of Cape Finisterre

Four naval battles fought between Britain and France near Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain are known as the Battle of Cape Finisterre:

## War of Austrian Succession

* First Battle of Cape Finisterre (1747), 14 May 1747 victory for a British fleet over the French
* Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 25 October 1747 victory for a British fleet over the French

## Other battles

* Battle of Cape Finisterre (1761), 13–14 August, victory for a British squadron over a French one during the Seven Years' War
* Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805), 22 July, an inconclusive encounter between a British fleet and a Franco-Spanish fleet during the War of the Third Coalition
# Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Neuchâtel

The Roman Catholic Our Lady of Assumption Church, also known as the Red Church, stands in the Swiss city of Neuchâtel in the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Freiburg. The Neo-Gothic church was planned by Guillaume Ritter and consecrated on March 25, 1906. After a major renovation between 1984 and 2000, it was recognized in 1986 as a national monument. In 2007 Pope Benedict XVI raised the church's status to that of basilica minor.
The building is constructed of artificial stone, made on site and tinted to obtain the reddish appearance of Alsace sandstone. The interior has three aisles and a transept. In addition to 14 large paintings representing the Stations of the Cross, five choir windows and a large rosette, the vaulted roof is designed to represent the night sky with almost 10,000 stars. In 1937 a new high altar by the architect Fernand Dumas de Romont was created, whose centrepiece is a calvary by Marcel Feuillat. In 1933, three large bells, named Maria-Josepha, Faith and Charity, replaced the three smaller ones dating from 1912.
Apart from serving the spiritual needs of 62,000 Neuchâtel Catholics, the basilica is also the most important pilgrimage church in the canton.
The Swiss theologian and mystic Maurice Zundel is buried in the church.
# Battle of Lempäälä

The Battle of Lempäälä refers to a series of battles that took place within the areas of Lempäälä and neighboring Vesilahti during the 1918 Finnish Civil War.

## Background

Lempäälä was a relatively quiet place within the first weeks of the war, however as it was under the Red controlled area, the Red forces quickly took over important strategical hubs within the settlement, such as the railway station, the telephone exchange, the municipal hall and the savings bank.

## The Battle of Lempäälä
### White Capture of the Village

The battles within Lempäälä were directly linked to the Battle for Tampere. Colonel Karl Wilkman was directly ordered by C.G Mannerheim to capture Lempäälä with a route through Kangasala to blockade and encircle Tampere. Kangasala was captured on 22 March and following a short battle, Lempäälä was captured by the White forces. The Reds in Lempäälä consisted of local poorly trained militia and some Helsinki Red Guardsmen, who quickly fell to the vastly outnumbering White forces around 25 March.

### Red Counterattack

Following their defeat, Eino Rahja gathered a group of around 2,000 men from Southern Finland and St. Petersburg and started an attack to break the encirclement of Tampere. There was a severe focus of the fighting in Lempäälä on the isthmus between Lake Vanajavesi and Lake Pyhäjärvi, and the Reds initially managed on pushing back the White forces and there was a hope of breaking the encirclement in Tampere. The two last reserve battalions within the Lempäälä area were ordered to counterattack, scything the Reds ability to relieve Tampere. When the news of Tampere's fall to the Whites reached the Lempäälä Red Guard, they stopped their offensive towards Tampere and started a attritional war. However, on the 24th of April, the Red Guard in Lempäälä was ordered to retreat.

## Casualties

According to War Victims of Finland 1914–1922, which is a database published by the National Archives of Finland, around 194 Whites fell in total in the battle, and around 43 of them being at Vesilahti, including two Swedish volunteers. Around 249 Reds fell in total in the battle, around 61 of them being at Vesilahti.
# Djibouti at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Djibouti took part in the 1984 Summer Olympics, which were held in Los Angeles, United States from July 28 to August 12. The 1984 Summer Olympics were Djibouti's first Olympic appearance. The delegation included three marathon athletes, Djama Robleh, Ahmed Salah, and Omar Abdillahi Charmarke, none of whom won a medal.

## Background

Prior to competing in these Olympic Games, Djibouti had never participated in the Olympics. Djibouti gained independence from France in 1977, making 1980 the first Summer Olympics the country would be eligible for. Djibouti was one of 65 countries that boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics in protest of the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
Dajama Robleh, who participated in these Games, had won a silver medal in the 1982 African Championships in Athletics for the men's full marathon with a time of 2:31:06.$^{:369}$ Ahmed Salah had participated in both the 1983 World Championships in Athletics and the 1984 African Championships in Athletics prior to these Olympics. He did not finish the marathon in 1983, and he won a silver medal in the 1984 10,000 metres run with a time of 28:17.4.

## Athletics

All three of Djibouti's athletes that participated in the Olympics competed in the men's marathon. The marathon started at Santa Monica College and the finish line was on the track at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.
Djama Robleh was the flagbearer for Djibouti. He completed the marathon in two hours, eleven minutes and thirty-nine seconds finishing in eighth place. Since this was Djibouti's first Olympics, Robleh set Djibouti's Olympic Record for the marathon. Robleh finished before two of the three marathoners who were considered the best at the time, Toshihiko Seko and Alberto Salazar.
In what was his sixth ever marathon, Ahmed Salah finished in 2:15:59 and achieved twentieth place.$^{:375}$ Salah won a bronze medal in the 1988 Olympics to become the only Djiboutian medalist in the Olympics. Omar Abdillahi Charmarke completed the marathon in two hours, nineteen minutes, and eleven seconds, finishing in thirty-second place. The medals in the event went to athletes from Portugal, Ireland, and Great Britain.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Djama Robleh | Marathon | 2:11:39 | 8 |
| Ahmed Salah | Marathon | 2:15:59 | 20 |
| Omar Abdillahi Charmarke | Marathon | 2:19:11 | 32 |