OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carolyn Leckie

Carolyn Leckie (born 5 March 1965) is a Scottish politician. She was a member of the Scottish Socialist Party (SSP), and held a number of senior positions in the party, but has since left the SSP. From 2003 to 2007 she was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Central Scotland region, having been elected on the SSP list.

## Biography

Leckie was born on 5 March 1965 and grew up in Glasgow, the daughter of a shipyard worker. She now lives in East Kilbride. Before she became an MSP she was a midwife and a local union leader who represented thousands of hospital workers in Glasgow.

## Campaigning

Just before election to Holyrood, she led several successful strikes against low pay - the most recent involving 300 ancillary workers against the French multinational, Sodexho. As an MSP she was a strong supporter of the Nursery Nurses campaigning for higher pay. On 20 May 2004, after attempting to raise a point of order about the strike at a time that the Presiding Officer determined was inappropriate, she was told to leave the chamber. She was active within the parliament campaigning for an end to the cuts and closures in hospital services across Scotland.
On 20 January 2005, she was jailed for seven days for non-payment of a fine, arising from a protest outside Faslane nuclear base. The Nursing and Midwifery Council did not consider it an impediment to her registration as a Midwife. In January 2007, she was arrested but not charged for taking part in an anti-nuclear demonstration at Faslane as part of the Faslane 365 campaign.
In April 2014, Leckie led a campaign against plans to demolish the Red Road Flats during the 2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony.

## Other information

Leckie was co-chair of the Scottish Socialist Party for several years. She stood down at the March 2006 annual conference, stating that it was time to hand the post over to a lay member of the party, but she was easily elected as an ordinary member of its executive committee.
She was one of several members who gave evidence in the Sheridan v News International defamation action, and the subsequent criminal trial HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan. Former SSP leader Tommy Sheridan was found guilty of perjury and sentenced to three years in prison.
At the SSP conference in 2008, Leckie declined nomination for any national posts within the party, but remained an activist within the party, particularly within the Socialist Women's Network. She drifted away from the party and stopped paying subscriptions without it being noticed.
Leckie is a founder member of Women for Independence campaign for Scottish independence.
Leckie worked for a Women's Aid group from 2007 to 2014. She completed an LLB at the University of Strathclyde in 2014, continuing to work throughout. She has since gained a Diploma in Professional Legal Practice from the University of Dundee and is pursuing a law career. She has stated that she will not stand for election again.
# Forward operating site

A forward operating site (FOS) or forward operating location (FOL) is a U.S. military term for facilities, defined as "a scalable, 'warm' facility that can support sustained operations, but with only a small permanent presence of support or contractor personnel as opposed to a FOB or MOB. A FOS will host occasional rotational forces and many contain pre-positioned equipment." These sites were established as the Pentagon began to address regional threats primarily in Africa and Latin America following its 2004 global posture review.
An FOS is differentiated from a cooperative security location (CSL) with no permanent force or contractor personnel, or a forward operating base (FOB) and main operating base (MOB), with a large force and a well-defended site.

## Locations

They include, but are not limited to the following locations:

### Asia

* Paya Lebar Airfield, Singapore

### Caribbean

* Curaçao International Airport, Curaçao, Kingdom of the Netherlands
* Queen Beatrix International Airport, Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands

### Central America

* Soto Cano AB, Honduras

### Europe

* RAF Fairford, United Kingdom
* Bulgaria, see List of joint US-Bulgarian military bases
* Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Romania

### Africa

* Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti
* Morocco
* Tunisia
# Cascade, Atlanta

Cascade in Atlanta may refer to:
* Southwest Atlanta
* Cascade Heights, a neighborhood in Southwest Atlanta
# Castañuelas

Castañuelas is a town and municipality located in Monte Cristi Province, Dominican Republic. Its total population is 14,878 with the urban population at 4,005.
# Castelo Viegas

Castelo Viegas is a former civil parish in the municipality of Coimbra, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,695, in an area of 7.11 km$^2$. On 28 January 2013 it merged with Santa Clara to form Santa Clara e Castelo Viegas.
The first mention is in 1122 with the name Castel Venegas.
Population of the civil parish of Castelo Viegas (1864–2011)YearPop.±% 1864 515—     1878 586+13.8% 1890 638+8.9% 1900 547−14.3% 1911 531−2.9% 1920 594+11.9% 1930 577−2.9% 1940 657+13.9% 1950 1,039+58.1% 1960 1,613+55.2% 1970 1,096−32.1% 1981 1,577+43.9% 1991 1,833+16.2% 2001 1,771−3.4% 2011 1,695−4.3% :
# Francesco Caramora

Francesco Caramora was the master goldsmith who gave rise to the successful artistic and artisanal tradition in Valenza.
Caramora was born in Pavia in about 1787. He learned the goldsmith's art in neighbouring Voghera and went into business with an uncle running a shop selling gold artefacts.
In 1817 he married Giuseppa Tremolada and moved to Valenza, a quiet agricultural village at the time, where he set up his own business as a master goldsmith.
In 1825 he registered the first mark in the history of Valenza goldsmithing at the Alessandria Trademark Office. The mark bore his initials separated by a drawing of the half-moon.
In 1826 he purchased a farm surrounded by land, just outside Valenza: he lived here, and we assume he also had part of his workshop here.
The building must be the “Goldsmith's Farm” we find recorded on the Napoleonic maps of 1875: in those days Francesco Caramora was the only goldsmith in Valenza, so it is more than likely that the nondescript farm became known as the “casceina d’ urei”, the “goldsmith's farm” in local dialect.
By opening his workshop and training two apprentices, he started a process that transformed Valenza into the world-renowned City of Gold.
Francesco Caramora died prematurely in 1827, leaving insufficient assets to cover his debts. His estate was auctioned and was bought nearly entirely by his apprentice Piero Canti, who also took over from Francesco Caramora in his workshop. Continuing to establish Valenza's unique position in goldsmithing, he taught his art to other workers.

## Sources

* Gioielli e gioiellieri di Valenza / Lia lenti. Allemandi, 1994
* Alle origini dell’oreficeria valenzana / Gian Isidoro De Piaggia. Published in the “Unindustria” magazine in 1991, and Valensa d’una vota no. 23-24
* Valenza : in the maps of Fondo Carlo Dabene / Carlo Dabene, Ferruccio Quaroni, Riccardo Massola et al., 2010
* Coeclerici : una storia di affari e di sogni / Pier Paolo Preti. – Milano : Libri Scheiwiller, 2004
# Francesco Carattoli

Francesco Carattoli (1704 or 1705 – March 1772) was an Italian bass buffo, or singer of opera buffa.
Carattoli was born in Rome, and began singing in the 1740s. He sang in a number of comic operas in various parts of Italy through the 1740s, 1750s, and early 1760s, by composers such as Gaetano Latilla, Baldassare Galuppi, Domenico Fischietti, and Niccolò Piccinni, both becoming prominent himself and helping to increase the popularity and prestige of opera buffa through his skillful performances. A number of the prominent comic opera bass roles of the 18th century were written for him, and his combination of voice and acting was much sought after.
In 1764, he went to Vienna to sing there. During the 1760s, Italian impresarios brought troupes of buffi to Vienna, and opera buffa become quite popular there. Carattoli was, along with Domenico Poggi, one of the most celebrated singers despite being in his 60s by that time, and gained praise from Johann Joseph von Khevenhüller-Metsch [de] and Joseph von Sonnenfels, among others. He had roles written for him by prominent Viennese composers of opera buffa as well, including Florian Leopold Gassmann and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
# Castalia (disambiguation)

Castalia is the name of a nymph in Greek and Roman mythology and a spring in Delphi named after her.
Castalia or Kastalia may also refer to:

## Places

* Castalia, Iowa, United States
* Castalia, Ohio, United States, a village in Erie County
* Castalia, North Carolina, United States, a town in Nash County
* Castalia, Grand Manan Island, Canada, part of the Village of Grand Manan
* Castalia, a spring at Daphne, Antioch

## Astronomy

* 4769 Castalia (previously known as '1989 PB'), a near-Earth asteroid discovered by Eleanor Helin in 1989; the first asteroid to be directly imaged
* 646 Kastalia, a Main Belt asteroid discovered by August Kopff in 1907
* The Castalia meteorite of 1874, which fell in North Carolina, United States (see meteorite falls)
* A macula of Europa.

## Music

* Castalia, an instrumental track in the 1979 album Solid State Survivor by Yellow Magic Orchestra
* Castalia (album), a Mark Isham album

## Other uses

* Castalia (bivalve), a genus of bivalves in the family Hyriidae
* Castalia, a synonym for Nymphaea, a plant genus
* Castalia (spacecraft), a proposed European Space Agency space probe
* Castalia (simulator), a wireless network simulator
* Castalia, a fictional province in Hermann Hesse's The Glass Bead Game
* PS Castalia, an experimental cross-Channel ferry which was later converted to a hospital ship
* Castalia House, a book publishing company founded by writer Vox Day
# Castalian Spring

The Castalian Spring, in the ravine between the Phaedriades at Delphi, is where all visitors to Delphi — the contestants in the Pythian Games, and especially pilgrims who came to consult the Delphic Oracle — stopped to wash themselves and quench their thirst; it is also here that the Pythia and the priests cleansed themselves before the oracle-giving process. Finally Roman poets regarded it as a source of poetic inspiration. According to some mythological versions it was here that Apollo killed the monster, Python, who was guarding the spring, and that is why it was considered to be sacred.

## The Archaic fountain

Two fountains, which were fed by the sacred spring, still survive. The archaic 6th century BCE fountain house has a marble-lined basin surrounded by benches. Water was brought here by means of a short and small aqueduct and was distributed by a system of water pipes ending in lion-headed spouts.

## The Roman fountain

The Roman fountain dates to the 1st century B.C. and is situated about 50 meters higher than the Archaic one. Niches carved on the rock were intended for the ex votos of the pilgrims. One of them was later transformed into a church of St. John the Baptist. The water of the spring reached the fountain with a closed aqueduct. On the facade of the fountain there were seven bronze spouts. In front of it there was a paved courtyard with stone benches on its three sides.

## Aftermath and other uses

A modern fountain currently stands close to the street leading to the archaeological site of Delphi to offer respite to the travelers. The Castalian Spring fueled poetic inspiration, albeit often confused with the Spring of Pieris. The Castalian Band, a group of poets or makars associated with the Court of James VI of Scotland (including the king himself) drew their name from this source.
There is a town named Castalian Springs in Tennessee. A natural spring in this location was a gathering place for animals. Isaac Bledsoe discovered the spring in 1772. Having built a fort in 1783, Bledsoe, his brother, and their families settled near the spring in 1787. Native Americans killed the two brothers, who are now buried 500 yards northwest of the spring. Consequently, this area was known locally as Bledsoe's Lick. In 1828, a log inn was built, providing guests with "healthy" drinking water and mineral baths. Almost ten years later when the post office was built, the community changed its name from Bledsoe's Lick to Castalian Springs. During this period of time in history, there was a reawakening of interest in classical Greece and Rome.
In Castalia, Ohio, named after the famed site, the Blue Hole limestone configurations were tourist attractions for many years and are now fish hatcheries. Waters in the blue holes are of a constant temperature and never freeze over despite northern Ohio's cold temperatures. The water which averages 30,000 gallons an hour was first used to supply a local mill.
Castalian Springs was the name of a now-abandoned spa near Durant, Mississippi.
# Castle Rock Foundation

The Castle Rock Foundation was an American conservative foundation started in 1993 with an endowment of $36.6M from the Adolph Coors Foundation. It ranked as Colorado's 15th largest foundation by assets at the end of 2001. The foundation gathered media attention during Pete Coors' unsuccessful 2004 Senate run, when opponents pointed at the dichotomy between the Coors Brewing Company's attempt to appeal to a broad audience, in particular with minorities and gay customers, while the Castle Rock Foundation was used by the Coors family to fund several conservative initiatives intent on curtailing the rights of these same customers.
The Castle Rock Foundation merged into the Adolph Coors Foundation on November 30, 2011.

## Mission

* "Promote a better understanding of the free enterprise system"
* "Preserve the principles upon which our democracy was founded to help ensure a limited role for government and the protection of individual rights as provided for in the Constitution"
* "Encourage personal responsibility and leadership"
* "Uphold traditional American values"
# Francisco Macián

Francisco Macián Blasco (born 1 November 1929 in Barcelona, died 23 October 1976) was a Spanish animator. In 1969 he patented an animation technique he called "M-Tecnofantasy", which is similar to rotoscopy.

## Works

* El mago de los sueños - 1966
# Stantonville, Tennessee

Stantonville is a town in McNairy County, Tennessee. The population was 312 at the 2000 census and 283 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Stantonville is located at 35°9′29″N 88°25′42″W﻿ / ﻿35.15806°N 88.42833°W﻿ / 35.15806; -88.42833 (35.158143, -88.428354).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km$^2$), all land.

## Newspaper

Stantonville's newspaper is the Independent Appeal, which serves all of McNairy County. It was founded in 1902. It is located at 111 N. 2nd St. in Selmer.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 312 people, 122 households, and 89 families residing in the town. The population density was 282.0 inhabitants per square mile (108.9/km$^2$). There were 137 housing units at an average density of 123.8 per square mile (47.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.44% White, 0.96% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.60% of the population.
There were 122 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,047, and the median income for a family was $34,432. Males had a median income of $21,607 versus $15,469 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,378. About 3.3% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Speotrechus

Speotrechus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Speotrechus mayeti. It is found in France.
# Chervukommupalem

Chervukommupalem is a village in Rajavommangi Mandal, Alluri Sitharama Raju district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Geography

Chervukommupalem is located at 17°26′27″N 82°09′15″E﻿ / ﻿17.4408°N 82.1541°E﻿ / 17.4408; 82.1541.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Chervukommupalem had a population of 580, out of which 282 were male and 298 were female. The population of children below 6 years of age was 11%. The literacy rate of the village was 65%.
# Culex molestus

Culex molestus may refer to:
* The London Underground mosquito
* Some members of the mosquito species Culex pipiens
# Bill Lyon

Alexander Victor "Bill" Lyon (19 January 1886 – 13 January 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played with University in the Victorian Football League in 1910 and 1911. He played for Footscray in the Victorian Football Association prior to joining University.

## Sources

* ↑ Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Bas Publishing. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5.
# Aristide Letorzec

Aristide Letorzec more known under the pen name Lajariette (Nantes, 1808 – Paris, 18 November 1848) was a 19th-century French playwright and Pierre-Constant Letorzec [fr]'s brother.

## Short biography

Among other plays, he made his actor debut in Zara ou la Sœur de l'Arabe (1837) or Geneviève de Brabant (1838) at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, before his own plays were presented on the most important Parisian stages of his time, including the Théâtre de la Gaîté, the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, and the Théâtre du Vaudeville.
Letorzec was managing director of the Théâtre des Délassements-Comiques from 1843 until his death.

## Works

* 1839: Allons à la chaumière, vaudeville in 1 act, with Edmond-Frédéric Prieur
* 1843: Un mauvais père, drama in 3 acts, mingled with song, with Lubize
* 1843: La Première Cause, drama in 3 acts
* 1844: Paris diabolique, vaudeville in 1 act
* 1845: Les Enfants du facteur, drama in 3 acts, with Auguste-Louis-Désiré Boulé
* 1845: L'Homme et la Mode, comédie-vaudeville in 2 acts, with Lubize
* 1845: Parlez au portier, vaudeville in 1 act, with Adolphe d'Ennery
* 1845: Les Ruines de Vaudémont, four-act drama, with Boulé
* 1848: L'Ange de ma tante, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act, with Alfred Delacour
# William Mathews

William Mathews may refer to:
* William Mathews (cricketer) (1793–1858), English cricketer
* William A. Mathews (1800–1856), Texas colonist, soldier, courier and quartermaster in the Texas Revolution
* William Mathews (mountaineer) (1828–1901), English mountaineer and botanist
* William Gordon Mathews (1877–1923), federal judge and lawyer in West Virginia
* William Shirley Mathews (1848–1915, Osage Nation politician
* Bill Mathews (William Henry Mathews, 1919–2003), Canadian geologist
# William Mathew Hale

William Mathew Hale (born 1940) is a specialist on Turkey and Turkish politics, and Professor of Politics with reference to Turkey at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
After an MA from the University of Oxford, he was awarded a PhD at the Australian National University. He was at one time lecturer at Durham University and its Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies. Professor Hale is Chair of the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS, convenor of the Modern Turkish Studies Programme at the London Middle East Institute, and is currently a faculty member at Sabancı University. His book Turkish Foreign Policy 1774-2000 has been received as authoritative and comprehensive. Hale is currently teaching a politics course in Turkish issues, POLS 310: Turkey and Its Neighbours, at Otago University.

## Writing

His work includes:

### Books

* Country case study: the Republic of Turkey (1978)
* The political and economic development of modern Turkey (London 1981)
* Turkish politics and the military (Routledge 1994)
* Turkish Foreign Policy 1774-2000 (Frank Cass 2000 - second edition 2002)
* Turkey, the United States and Iraq (London Middle East Institute 2005)

### Chapters

* Turkey in The Cold War and the Middle East ed. Y Sayigh and A Shlaim (OUP 1997)
* Turkey and Transcaucasia in Central Asia Meets the Middle East (London 1998)
* Turkey: Economic Issues and Foreign Policy in Turkey's New World: Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy ed. D Menashri and S Saiyari (Washington Institute 2000)
* Turkey and the European Union: the Long Road to Membership in Turkey in World Politics: an Emerging Regional Power ed. B Rubin and K Kiirisci (London 2001)
* Democracy and the Party System in Turkey in Turkish Transformation: New Century, New Challenges ed. B W Beeley (2002)
* Human Rights, the European Union and the Turkish Accession Process in Turkey and the European Union ed. A Carkoglu and B Rubin (2003)

## Sources and notes

* SOAS staff profile
* Copac
* British Council in Turkey
* ↑ For example, the Middle East Review of International Affairs called it "a major addition to the field of Turkish studies: the first full and comprehensive study of the Ottoman Empire's and Turkish Republic's foreign policy."
* This biography article of a United Kingdom academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy

Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy (AIS-P) is a data packet protocol for the TailLight system of aircraft Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), wherein a single Mode S 64 microsecond message is transmitted by an aircraft ATCRBS or Mode S transponder, and received by aircraft and Air Traffic Control on the ground. This is an augmentation to aircraft transponders, which report aircraft position and velocity in such a way as to minimize interference with any other avionics system, maximize the possible number of participating aircraft, while not relying on any equipment on the ground, and protecting aircraft from potential attack. AIS-P and ADS-B are competing protocols for aircraft based surveillance of traffic, a replacement technology for Mode S radar and TCAS.

## AIS-P as an alternative to ADS-B

The TailLight, which is offered as a complimentary feature in General Aviation ATCRBS transponders like the AT-155, utilizes the AIS-P protocol to effectively deliver the advertised collision avoidance benefits of ADS-B in both airport terminal and en route airspace. It has no adverse impact on other avionics systems, can accommodate up to 335,000 aircraft within line-of-sight range of each other, and is interoperable with other collision avoidance systems while ensuring the aircraft's protection from potential attacks.
The AIS-P protocol is an alternative to the ADS-B and Mode S based TCAS protocols, and solves the problems of frequency congestion, by eliminating a requirement for multiple packet messages, or new longer packet definitions for ADS-B not established by international treaty, and by eliminating the 24 bit overhead for named identity in each packet of the message (required to tie multiple packets together into a message). One packet encodes latitude and longitude, altitude, direction, and speed (full position and velocity), handles error detection and recovery, along with channel use arbitration, in the AIS-P protocol. This reduces verbose overhead unnecessary for collision avoidance purposes.
The AIS-P protocol is not meant for purposes of billing and targeting. Additionally, one of the requirements satisfied by the AIS-P protocol is that a missile with an ADS-B type target homer aimed at the unnamed aircraft alone in the sky would miss.