OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Francesco Adami

Francesco Adami or Francesco de Adamo de Lucharo (1457–1497) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Isernia (1486–1497).

## Biography

Francesco Adami was born in 1457. On 10 Apr 1486, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent VIII as Bishop of Isernia. He served as Bishop of Isernia until his death in 1497.
# Carmen Gast

Carmen Gast (born November 16, 1994) is a Hong Kong female acrobatic gymnast. With partners Ho Ching Lam and Lam Ho Ching, Carmen Gast competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.
# Carmen Gheorghe

Carmen Gheorghe is an activist who works for Roma women’s rights. She is the president of E-Romnja which promotes Roma women's rights. She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2022.
# France–Norway relations

France–Norway relations are foreign relations between France and Norway.
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway's independence. Both countries are full members of NATO, and of the Council of Europe. There are around 2,000 Norwegian people living in France and around 3,571 French people living in Norway.
Both nations have Territorial claims in Antarctica, and mutually recognise each other's claims, as well as those from the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.
There is also a Franco-Norwegian chamber of commerce.

## Education

There are two French international schools in Norway:
* Lycée Français René Cassin d'Oslo
* Lycée Français de Stavanger

## Resident diplomatic missions

* France has an embassy in Oslo.
* Norway has an embassy in Paris.
* Embassy of France in Oslo
* Building hosting the Embassy of Norway in Paris
* Residence of the Embassy of Norway in Paris
# Francesco Carandini

Francesco Carandini (13 November 1858 - 23 October 1946) was an Italian poet and historian.

## Biography

He was born in Colleretto Parella, in the house of Giacosa, by the Marquis Federico and Elisa Realis, sister Paola, mother of Joseph and Piero Giacosa. He graduated in law at Turin in 1887 and began his career as Prefect of Perugia, he was secretary to the prefectures of Pinerolo, Torino, Parma, Crema and Biella, vice-Prefect of Rome during the 1915-1918 war, then prefect in Forlì, Verona and Udine. In May 1923 he resigned rather than serve the Fascist government and devoted himself to historical studies.
He passionately loved Parella, where in 1935 he built a villa, the "house on the hill" he had long dreamed of and desired.
# Francis Fane of Fulbeck

Francis Fane of Fulbeck has been used to identify these men:
* Sir Francis Fane (Royalist) (c. 1611–1681?), was the third, but second surviving, son of Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland
* Sir Francis Fane (dramatist) (d. 1689?), was the son of Frances Fulbeck (royalist) and grandson of Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland.
# Castle Rock Glacier

Castle Rock Glacier is in the U.S. state of Montana. The glacier is situated south of Castle Rock Mountain in the Beartooth Mountains. The glacier terminus is a proglacial lake and the glacier extends from 11,700 to 11,000 ft (3,600 to 3,400 m).
# Francisco Macías Valadéz

Francisco Macías Valadéz served as the International Commissioner of the Asociación de Scouts de México, Asociación Civil.
In 1971, he was awarded the 69th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
# Francis Payne

Francis Payne was one of the men responsible for drafting the rules for the London League and became London League members Thames Ironworks F.C.'s club secretary in 1897, succeeding Ted Harsent in the post. The rules of the London League allowed "The Irons" to finish second rather than fourth owing to a "technicality".
He was also involved in other Iron Works sports, including athletics and tennis. Francis Payne was replaced by the man he succeeded as the football club secretary, Ted Harsent, after Thames Ironworks had gained entry to the Southern League in the summer of 1898.
# Castrillo de los Polvazares

Castrillo de los Polvazares is a village situated in Leon, in North-west of Spain. It is part of the municipality of Astorga. It's important due to its history, as one of the few places of the “Maragatería” which still keeps its traditions and was one of the main resistances against the French conquests.

## History

It isn't known the date when Castrillo was founded, but it would probably be by the time the “Maragatería” did, with the Roman Empire, when Austurica Augusta (Astorga) was founded. It was destroyed by a flood in the 16th century and rebuilt again in the location where it is to date.
Castrillo was one of the most important places for the reconquest of Astorga in the Independence Spanish War, as it was the first village of the “Maragatería” where the Spanish troops rebelled against the French army.
You can find much more information about the village on the following link: CastrilloDeLosPolvazares.com

## Economy

The main economic activity of people today is based on tourism and handicrafts. Its main tourist attractions are its typical architecture and also the gastronomy, with the popular "Cocido Maragato". The most popular restaurants in town are located in houses that need maragatas rehabilitated. You can find some of them in the #References of this page.

## Architecture

Castrillo has kept its original architecture since the 16th century. It means every building is made of stone, and the road isn't asphalted to keep its original appearance, but it's paved with stones. On the 1980 it was declared a Historic-Artistic Set of Great Value.
According to some sources, the name "Castrillo" comes from the closeness of two forts: the "Castro de San Martino" and "Teso de la Mesa".

## Culture

Castrillo de los Polvazares is the location chosen by the writer Concha Espina to locate his novel "La Esfinge Maragata", which renamed the village as "Valdecruces". Another personality associated with this town is René Clair, French cinema director, whose wife lived there until his death in 2006.
In 2004 and 2006 were held in Castrillo the Napoleonicas Journeys, in memory of the Independence Spanish War. In those days, French and Spanish armies march through Astorga, generals harangued his troops, and recreates the attack and siege of the city in 1810. At first the Spanish capitulated. Later, the battle moves to Castrillo de los Polvazares. There, in the first battle, the mayor and the priest are captured by Napoleon's troops while on the town. At nightfall, in the second battle, the Spanish counter-attack, rescue and release to the village mayor. This battle leads to the subsequent recapture of Astorga.
# Cascajares de Bureba

Cascajares de Bureba is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 54 inhabitants.
# Catalan National Committee

Catalan National Committee was a Catalan separatist organization founded in Paris in 1918 by Daniel Domingo i Montserrat, commander of the First Regiment of Catalan Volunteers in World War I. The committee aimed at giving voice to the aspirations of the Catalan people following the speech of Francesc Macià in the Spanish Courts asking for independence based on the Fourteen Points of the United States President Woodrow Wilson. The organization was greeted the observer status in the Treaty of Versailles. On the 1918 National Day of Catalonia (Sept. 11) the committee published a trilingual (French-English-Catalan) brochures and organized various events asking for the presence of Catalonia in the League of Nations. The committee absorbed the Catalan Nationalist League organization and sought the support of American-based Catalans such as Salvador Carbonell i Puig and Josep Abril i Llinés. In 1923, its members formed the support committee to Catalan State in Paris.
# Francis Turner (engineer)

Francis Cutler Turner (December 28, 1908 – October 6, 1999) was an American administrator, who headed the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) from March 30, 1969, to June 30, 1972.

## Biography

He was born on December 28, 1908, in Dallas, Texas, and spent his childhood in Texas, including in Fort Worth. He received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Texas A&M in 1929 and a graduate degree in civil engineering from there in 1940.
Turner's career began in earnest with an assignment to oversee Federal-aid road projects in Arkansas. Afterwards, he was asked to work on the Alaska Highway, where he is credited with implementing the milepost system. Post WWII, he was asked to oversee repairs of the road system in the Philippines.
Turner was appointed by President Eisenhower to be the Executive Secretary of the Clay Commission President's Advisory Committee on the National Highway Program in 1954. He then worked as the deputy commissioner, chief engineer, and Federal Highway Administrator. As the British newspaper The Independent noted in Turner's 1999 obituary, Turner's resume can be read in the landscape: When the young area engineer began his career in Arkansas, "most American roads were dirt and gravel." As of 1999, America offered 42,000 miles of Interstate; these miles had been developed at a cost of $130 billion, much of that capital "personally superintended by Turner."
He died on October 6, 1999, at the age 90, at a hospice in Goldsboro, North Carolina.

## Legacy

In 1983, the Fairbank Highway Research Station in McLean, Virginia, named for Herbert S. Fairbank, an official at FHWA's predecessor Bureau of Public Roads, was renamed the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in honor of Turner.
# Castlederg railway station

Castlederg railway station served Castlederg in County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.
The Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway opened the station on 4 July 1884.
It consisted of a station house (extant), goods store, engine house (location of Lyons Bros garage) and Managers house (extant, 54°42′31″N 7°35′20″W﻿ / ﻿54.708566°N 7.588861°W﻿ / 54.708566; -7.588861)
The last services operated on 30 January 1933. The staff went on strike on 31 January, and the line never reopened. It closed formally on 17 April 1933.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Terminus | Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway Castlederg to Victoria Bridge | Spamount |
# Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway

The Castlederg and Victoria Bridge Tramway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway operating in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It opened in 1883 and closed in 1933.

## Route

This 7+1⁄4-mile (11.7 km) long line was situated entirely within County Tyrone, linking the market town of Castlederg through Spamount, Crew and Fyfin to Victoria Bridge (a junction with the main line of the Great Northern Railway). The line followed the course of the road for almost its entire length, and there were passing loops at Spamount and Crew.

## Early years

The Great Northern Railway reached Victoria Bridge in 1852. Plans for a narrow gauge rail link to Castlederg were agreed at a public meeting held in the town in August 1881. The line was constructed shortly prior to the enactment of the Tramways and Public Companies (Ireland) Act 1883 (46 & 47 Vict. c. 43), and opened in April 1883, so the promoters lost out on any financial assistance from the government. Because of a sharp gradient on the approach to Victoria Bridge, all trains had to be equipped with a Westinghouse continuous braking system – the first trains in Ireland to be so equipped. The line's first two steam locomotives were fitted with enclosed bodywork as tram engines.

## Final years

A 24-seat railcar was built with a Fordson paraffin engine in 1925 at Castlederg. Although basic in design, it was capable of being driven from either end and the driver also sold the tickets. From 1925 the Tramway became loss making, reaching virtual insolvency by 1932. A strike disrupted Northern Ireland's rail network between 31 January and 7 April 1933. This was taken as an opportunity to discontinue services. The last steam engine departed from Castlederg on 27 July 1934 hauling redundant rolling stock to Victoria Bridge for auction. The need for transhipment of all freight at the break of gauge between the 3 ft (914 mm) Tramway and the 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge Great Northern Railway at Victoria Bridge was time-consuming, inefficient and expensive. By the 1930s the railway's Victorian-era infrastructure was also in need of substantial investment. The line became one of Northern Ireland's earliest casualties of road competition. At the end in 1933, there was a Hudswell Clarke 2-6-0T locomotive (sold to Clogher Valley Railway), a Hudswell Clarke 0-4-4T locomotive and a Beyer, Peacock & Company Isle of Man type 2-4-0T locomotive which had come from the Ballymena and Larne Railway.
# Castlesessagh

Castlesessagh is a townland of 165 acres (67.53 ha) in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Urney and the historic barony of Omagh West. Parts of the town of Castlederg are located in this townland.
# Eremosaprinus minimus

Eremosaprinus minimus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America.
# Alexander Haure Turvelin

Alexander Haure Turvelin (born 1847, date of death unknown) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
Born in 1847 in the Russian Empire, Turvelin immigrated to the United States and by February 1881 was serving as a seaman on the USS Trenton. Sometime during that month, while Trenton was at Toulon, France, Coxswain Augustus Ohlensen fell overboard and, because he could not swim, began to sink. Turvelin and another sailor, Ordinary Seaman John Davis, jumped into the water and rescued Ohlensen from drowning. For this action, both he and Davis were awarded the Medal of Honor three and a half years later, on October 18, 1884.
Turvelin's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   For jumping overboard from the U.S.S. Trenton, at Toulon, France, February 1881, and rescuing from drowning Augustus Ohlensen, coxswain.
Details of his later life and burial are unknown.
# Marseille-en-Beauvaisis

Marseille-en-Beauvaisis (French pronunciation:; Picard:Marseille-in-Bieuvésis) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. Marseille-en-Beauvaisis station has rail connections to Beauvais and Le Tréport.
# Damyanovo

Damyanovo is a village in the municipality of Sevlievo, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.
# Bill Lloyd (basketball)

William John Lloyd (December 16, 1915 – December 24, 1972) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots in the National Basketball League and averaged 2.6 points per game. He later worked for Goodyear as an accountant.
Lloyd played college basketball for St. John's following his prep career at Richmond Hill High School in Queens.
# Bill Cowden

William Cowden (September 6, 1920 – October 17, 2007) was an American basketball player.
A 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) guard from Lowell High School in San Francisco, California, Cowden played collegiately for Stanford University with his Lowell teammate, Don Burness. In 1942, Cowden was team captain and led Stanford to the 1942 NCAA Championship, in which he played all 40 minutes and scored 5 points. He earned first-team All-PCC honors.
After his basketball career, Cowden worked for Pan Am and served as director of their Southeast Asia office. He and his wife Beverly had three sons. He is a member of the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame. He died in San Francisco in 2007.
# Eburodacrys martinezi

Eburodacrys martinezi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1997.
# Eastern sirystes

The eastern sirystes has been split into the following species:
* Sibilant sirystes Sirystes sibilator
* White-rumped sirystes Sirystes albocinereus
* Todd's sirystes Sirystes subcanescens
# Eastern sigillata D

Eastern sigillata D (ESD, also known by the regional designation Cypriot sigillata) is a Roman-period tableware, or terra sigillata, produced in Cyprus. The term 'ESD' was coined by R. Rosenthal in 1978 as an extension of the nomenclature established by Kathleen Kenyon at Samaria.
# Echinostelium

Echinostelium is a genus of slime mould, and the only genus in the monotypic family Echinosteliaceae, or Echinosteliidae. It was discovered by Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1855, apparently near Frankfurt am Main. Some species of Echinostelium have a sexual life cycle; others have been shown to be asexual. The plasmodium can divide vegetatively, in a process called plasmotomy, to distinguish it from true cell division.

## Species

The genus Echinostelium comprises at least five species:
* Echinostelium apitectum K. D. Whitney, 1980
* Echinostelium colliculosum K. D. Whitney & H. W. Keller, 1980
* Echinostelium corynophorum K. D. Whitney, 1980
* Echinostelium fragile Nannenga-Bremekamp, 1961
* Echinostelium minutum De Bary in Rostafinsky, 1874
# Billy Hough (footballer)

William Hough (4 March 1908 – ?) was a Welsh professional footballer. He played six seasons for Preston North End before joining Blackburn Rovers in 1937. Characterized as a "steady rather than a showy player", Hough established himself in the right-back position and helped Preston North End get promoted to the First Division in the 1933-34 season. He suffered a series of injuries and didn't see much playing time until his transfer to Blackburn. He subsequently helped Blackburn get promoted to the First Division in the 1938-39 season. He played in the Blackburn side that faced West Ham in the 1940 Football League War Cup Final.
# Billy Howard

Billy Howard is an English comedian and impressionist, who appeared on the ITV series Who Do You Do? in the early 1970s, alongside other impressionists such as Faith Brown.
Howard was born in Edgware, London, England. He commenced his musical career as a jazz trumpeter and guitarist, playing in jazz combos in the early 1960s. In 1976, his single "King of the Cops", a comic version of the hit "King of the Road", reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart; it featured his impressions of TV cops including Kojak, Columbo, Steve McGarrett in Hawaii Five-O, McCloud, Ironside and Cannon. Several months later, a follow-up, "The Disco Cops", was also released, but did not chart. Another comic record by Howard, "Frantic Frog (Parts 1 and 2)", was released in 1977 and also failed to chart.

## Discography

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | No. 6 |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | No. 24 |
# Ebaeides grouvellei

Ebaeides grouvellei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Belon in 1891.
# Bingo, Maine

Bingo is an unincorporated village in Washington County, Maine, United States.
# Edmund Robertson

Edmund Robertson may refer to:
* Edmund Robertson, 1st Baron Lochee (1845–1911), Scottish barrister, academic and politician
* Edmund F. Robertson (born 1943), Scottish mathematician
# Birchwood Lakes

Birchwood Lakes may refer to:
* Birchwood Lakes, New Jersey
* Birchwood Lakes, Pennsylvania
# Edifici de Sindicats

Edifici de Sindicats is monumental building in Barcelona. Built in 1925, initially occupied by the Caixa Mútua Popular ("People's Mutual Savings Bank"), later by the Francoist "vertical labor union" and finally by the democratic union organizations.

## Architecture

The building is roughly triangular, with two main façades and a semicircular chamfer at the corner where they meet, between Via Laietana and Carrer Argenteria in Barcelona. The building is articulated by the vertical lines of the doors and windows, interrupted discontinuously by the horizontals of the balconies. The most characteristic visual feature is the large circular structure in the style of a classical temple, atop the building at its apex. The building falls within the functionalist style that began to prevail at the time for administrative buildings. Building has 42 m (138 ft) height and has 11 floors. Architectural style: neoclassicism, architect: Josep Domènech Mansana (es).
# Birss

Birss is a surname. It may refer to:
* Colin Birss (born 1964), British judge
* Shane Birss (born 1983), Australian rules football player
* Viola Birss, Canadian professor of chemistry
# Edinburgh Courant

The Edinburgh Courant was a broadsheet newspaper from the 18th century. It was published out of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Its first issue was dated 14–19 February 1705 and was sold for a penny. It was Scotland's first regional newspaper and it was produced twice weekly for five years, thereafter continuing as the Scots Courant until April 1720.

## History

The paper was first printed in 1705 by James Watson printer but only 55 copies were issued. In 1706 it briefly continued under the name "Scots Courant" before becoming dormant.
In 1718, the Edinburgh Evening Courant began publication, as an evening newspaper, being first printed by James MacEwan, or McQueen or McEwen on the High street section of the Royal Mile, published three times per week as a Whig publication in opposition to the Jacobite paper the Caledonian Mercury. passing to his protege, Alexander Kincaid in 1735. It survived until the Edinburgh Evening News came into existence in 1873.
It was founded by James Watson (who had also published the Edinburgh Gazette from 1700) and had its main printing office was at Craigs Close at 170 High Street on the Royal Mile, the premises generally being known as the King's Printing House.
In 1725, during the time of the Scottish Malt Tax riots, rival political factions used – or at least attempted to use – newspapers including the Edinburgh Evening Courant and the Caledonian Mercury as their "mouthpieces", as a letter from the then book trade apprentice Andrew Millar indicates. Millar was apprenticed to James McEuen, who had been printer, editor, and principal bookseller of The Edinburgh Evening Courant since 1718.
Like other Scottish newspapers of the period, the Edinburgh Evening Courant published advertisements offering rewards for the return of runaway slaves that had been brought to Scotland, since slavery was still assumed to be legal on Scottish soil. An advertisement placed in the Edinburgh Evening Courant on 13 February 1727 stated that:
   Run away on the 7th instant from Dr Gustavus Brown’s Lodgings in Glasgow, a Negro Woman, named Ann, being about 18 Years of Age, with a green Gown and a Brass Collar about her Neck, on which are engraved these words [“Gustavus Brown in Dalkieth his Negro, 1726.”] Whoever apprehends her, so as she may be recovered, shall have two Guineas Reward, and necessary Charges allowed by Laurence Dinwiddie Junior Merchant in Glasgow, or by James Mitchelson Jeweller in Edinburgh.

## Editors

Daniel Defoe, author of the 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe, and then based at Moubray House, was its editor in the early 18th century. James Hannay, Naval History writer, was its editor from 1860 to 1864.

## Archives

Images of the newspaper for two years (1750 and 1884) have been digitalized and can be viewed through Find my Past and Ancestry.com, respectively with a subscription. Microfiche copies of all surviving copies are available for inspection free of charge at the Edinburgh City Library (by appointment).