OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chōnin

Chōnin (町人, "townsman") was a social class that emerged in Japan during the early years of the Tokugawa period. In the social hierarchy, it was considered subordinate to the samurai warrior class.

## Social class

The chōnin emerged in joka-machi or castle towns during the sixteenth century. The majority of chōnin were merchants, but some were craftsmen. Nōmin (農民, "farmers") were not considered chōnin. Later, peasants, servants, and workers were also considered members of the social class.
While chōnin are not as well known to non-Japanese as other social classes in Japan, they played a key role in the development of Japanese cultural products such as ukiyo-e, rakugo, and handicrafts. Aesthetic ideals such as iki, tsū, and wabi-sabi were also developed among the chōnin. This association with cultural development emerged as a way for members of the class to break the strict social barriers that prevented individuals from ascending in the social hierarchy. Members of the chōnin opted to develop culture within their communities, allowing members of such community to rise as "cultured individuals". This phenomenon is said to be behind the popularity of the iemoto system in the Edo period.
The socioeconomic ascendance of chōnin has certain similarities to the roughly contemporary rise of the "bourgeoisie" in the West. In the latter part of the Tokugawa period, this social class wielded the real power in the society although the warrior class still dominated the political sphere.
From the mid-Edo period, wealthy chōnin and farmers could join the samurai class by giving a large sum of money to an impoverished gokenin (御家人) to be adopted into a samurai family and inherit the samurai's position and stipend. The amount of money given to a gokenin varied according to his position: 1,000 ryo for a yoriki and 500 ryo for an kachi (徒士). Some of their descendants were promoted to hatamoto (旗本) and held important positions in the shogunate. Low-ranking samurai (kachi) could change jobs and move into the lower classes, such as chōnin. For example, Takizawa Bakin became a chōnin by working for Tsutaya Jūzaburō.

## Origins

By the late 17th century the prosperity and growth of Edo had begun to produce unforeseen changes in the Tokugawa social order. The chōnin, who were theoretically at the bottom of the Edo hierarchy (shinōkōshō, samurai-farmers-craftsmen-merchants, with chōnin encompassing the two latter groups), flourished socially and economically at the expense of the daimyōs and samurai, who were eager to trade rice (the principal source of domainal income) for cash and consumer goods.
# Church of Our Lady and St Peter, Leatherhead

The Church of Our Lady and St Peter is a Roman Catholic church in Leatherhead, Surrey. It was founded as a local chapel during the First World War and later became a Parish church. It is situated between Copthorne Road and Garlands Road on the junction with St John's Avenue in Leatherhead. It is the only Catholic church in Leatherhead and is served by the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton.

## History
### St Peter Mission

Catholic worship didn't start in Leatherhead in the 20th century until the arrival of a Fr Lippens in 1915, who acted as a chaplain to the nearby military hospital. He was followed by a Fr Bernard Kelly who set up a mission to the Catholics in the area and named it the St Peter Mission. In November 1915, he rented two rooms in a nearby house and converted one of them into a chapel, officially opening a place of worship in the area.
After the war, Fr Kelly was replaced by Fr Francis Redaway. Upon arriving, he sought to build a new church for increasing number of Catholics in the area. He created a fund which people could donate to for the construction of the church. It was then that a local businessman and newspaper proprietor Sir Edward Hulton became interested in the project and helped finance the building of the new church.

### Construction

In July 1922, land was bought and the foundation stone was laid later that month. During the building work a disagreement arose between Sir Edward and Bishop Peter Amigo. Sir Edward wanted the church to be dedicated to St Mary (in memory of his deceased sister) and the bishop wanted the church to be named after the original mission to the area, St Peter. In the end, they agreed to have a joint dedication to both St Mary and St Peter.
The architect was Joseph Goldie (1882–1953) who was the son of Edward Goldie (1856–1921), an architect, and grandson of George Goldie (1828–1887) a notable church architect in the 19th century who designed St Wilfrid's Church in York and the Church of St Mary and St Augustine in Stamford, Lincolnshire.

### Interior

After the church was opened on 24 June 1923, the stained glass windows and the stations of the cross were added. The stained windows in the church are works by the artist Paul Woodroffe. The Stations of the Cross are by Eric Gill which are similar to the ones he did for Westminster Cathedral in 1914. The baptismal font was done by John Skelton, Gill's nephew, in 1928.

### After World War II

From 1946 priests from the parish were going to Ashtead and Fetcham to serve the local Catholic congregations there. Shortly afterwards, those two places became parishes in their own right.

## Parish

The parish has a close relationship with St Andrew's Catholic School and St Peter's Primary School. This is shown by the mission statement of St Peter's School stating that they want all children at the school to be within an inclusive and safe Catholic environment.
The church has three Sunday Masses, at 8:30 am, 10:00 am and 6:00 pm, with Vespers and Benediction at 4:00 pm also on Sunday.
# Ciaran McManus

Ciaran McManus is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the Tubber club and at senior level for the Offaly county team from 1996 to 2011 and won a Leinster Senior Football Championship medal in 1997 and a National Football League Division 1 in 1998 and Division 2 in 2004.
Before breaking into the senior team he helped Offaly to win the Leinster Under-21 Football Championship in 1995.
He played for Ireland in the International Rules Series in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
He also played for UCD, winning a Dublin Senior Football Championship in 2002.
In 2004, McManus became involved in a dispute with the Offaly County Board over its selection of a new manager.

## Honours

* Leinster Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1995
* Leinster Senior Football Championship (1): 1997
* National Football League, Division 1 (1): 1998
* National Football League, Division 2 (1): 2004
* National Football League, Division 4 (1): 1997
* Sigerson Cup (1): 1995
* Dublin Senior Football Championship (1): 2002
* Railway Cup (4):
# Church of St Andrew, Thorne Coffin

The Church of St Andrew in Thorne Coffin, Somerset, England, was built in the 14th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

The church was built in the 14th century and restored in 1891. The north porch was built in 1613.
The parish is part of the Five Crosses benefice which includes Tintinhull, Chilthorne Domer, Yeovil Marsh, Thorne Coffin and Lufton, within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

## Architecture

The stone building has a tiled roof with a small bellcote. It consists of a one-bay chancel and two-bay nave, with small porches on the northern and southern sides.
The interior fittings, including the font are 18th century except the octagonal pulpit which dates from 1624.
The churchyard is surrounded a 3 metres (9.8 ft) high wall and is home to several Yew trees.
# Ciampa

Ciampa may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Emilius R. Ciampa (1896–1996), American sculptor born in Italy
* Gian Marco Ciampa (born 1990), Italian classical and electric guitarist
* Gino Ciampa (born 1962), Australian judoka
* John Ciampa (1922–1984), Italian-American stuntman
* Letizia Ciampa (born 1986), Italian voice actress
* Tommaso Ciampa (born 1985), American professional wrestler

## Biology

* Ciampa (moth), a genus of moths in the family Geometridae
# Church of St Cecilia

Church of St Cecilia may refer to:

## England

* St Cecilia's Church, Girton

## Italy

* Santa Cecilia in Trastevere

## Malta

* Santa Cecilia Chapel, Għajnsielem, Gozo, Malta

## United States

* St. Cecilia Church (Stamford, Connecticut)
* St. Cecilia Church in San Francisco
* St. Cecilia's Cathedral, Omaha, Nebraska
* St. Cecilia's Church and Convent (New York City), NRHP-listed
* St. Cecilia's Church (New York City)
# Church of St Catherine, St Catherine

The Church of St Catherine is an Anglican parish church in St Catherine, Somerset, England. It was built in the 12th century as a chapel of ease of Bath and has been designated as a Grade II* listed building.
The manor of St Catherine belonged to Prior Cantlow of Bath Abbey in medieval times. The church was remodelled by him around 1490, with the tower being added in 1503, and underwent further changes in 1704, 1846 and 1880. The interior includes a 12th-century font and a 15th-century pulpit.
The church stands within the grounds of the 16th century St Catherine's Court, which is Grade I listed.
The parish is part of the benefice of Batheaston with St Catherine within the archdeaconry of Bath. St Catherine's has been part of the parish since it was annexed in 1258.
# Cine Club (TV series)

Cine Club is a Canadian short film television series which aired on CBC Television from 1964 to 1967.

## Premise

Each episode included up to three short films originating from various nations in various styles from documentaries to cartoons. The debut film was Les Mistons by François Truffaut of France. Canadian content included Jack Kuper's Run. The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film by Richard Lester and Peter Sellers of the United Kingdom also aired during the first season as did works by Ludovic Kennedy (The Sleeping Ballerina) and Ernest Pintoff (The Violinist and The Shoes).
Many of the Cine Club films were not previously broadcast or were rarely accessible to Canadians. The series featured different hosts and producers each season; Rosalind Farber chose the films for broadcast and became Cine Club's producer in the final season.

## Scheduling

This half-hour series was broadcast as follows (times in North American Eastern):
| Day | Time | Season run |
| Tuesdays | 10:30 p.m. | 11 August to 29 September 1964 |
| Sundays | 7:00 p.m. | 27 June to 5 September 1965 |
| Sundays | 7:00 p.m. | 19 June to 4 September 1966 |
| Thursdays | 10:00 p.m. | 6 April to 27 June 1967 |
# Chūgoku dialects

The Chūgoku dialect (中国方言, Chūgoku hōgen) is a group of the Japanese dialects spoken in most of the Chūgoku region and in the northwestern Kansai region. It may be separated into two groups according to the form of the copula.
* copula ja group (San'yō region)
** Aki also known as Hiroshima dialect (western Hiroshima Prefecture, formerly known as Aki Province)
** Bingo dialect (eastern Hiroshima Prefecture, formerly known as Bingo Province)
*** Fukuyama dialect (Fukuyama)
** Okayama dialect (Okayama Prefecture)
** Yamaguchi also known as Chōshū dialect (Yamaguchi Prefecture)
* copula da group (parts of San'in region)
** Iwami dialect (western Shimane Prefecture, formerly known as Iwami Province)
*** ja is also used in western Iwami region.
** Inshū, also known as Tottori dialect (eastern Tottori Prefecture, formerly known as Inaba Province)
** Tajima dialect (northern Hyōgo Prefecture, formerly known as Tajima Province)
** Tango dialect (northernmost of Kyoto Prefecture, formerly known as Tango Province except Maizuru)
Although Kansai dialect uses copula ya, Chūgoku dialect mainly uses ja or da. Chūgoku dialect uses ken or kee instead of kara meaning "because". ken is also used in Umpaku dialect, Shikoku dialect, Hōnichi dialect and Hichiku dialect. In addition, Chūgoku dialect uses -yoru in progressive aspect and -toru or -choru in perfect. For example, Tarō wa benkyō shiyoru (太郎は勉強しよる) means "Taro is studying", and Tarō wa benkyō shitoru (太郎は勉強しとる) means "Taro has studied" while standard Japanese speakers say Tarō wa benkyō shiteiru (太郎は勉強している) in both situations. -Choru is used mostly in Yamaguchi dialect.
Pitch accent of Chūgoku dialect is similar to the Tokyo accent and is a contrast to Kansai dialect and Shikoku dialect.
# Cingulum militare

A cingulum militare was a piece of ancient Roman military equipment in the form of a belt decorated with metal fittings, which was worn as a badge of military status by soldiers and officials. Many examples were made in the Roman province of Pannonia.
The belt was composed of the following parts:
* Balteus: Hanging band that was compounded for an overall band.
* Bulla: Rivets on the baltea.
* Pensilium: Pendant at the end of the straps of the belt.
* Lamna: Discus at the end of each apron strip that embrace the pensilium.
* Fibula: Buckle of the belt.
The cingulum militare was used in conjunction with the helmet (galea), the shield (scutum), the overall armor on the upper body (lorica hamata), a dagger (pugio), and a sword (gladius).
# Cinico Angelini

Angelo Cinico, best known as Cinico Angelini (12 November 1901 – 7 July 1983), was an Italian conductor, arranger and violinist.

## Life and career

After his studies at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Turin, Angelini started his career as jazz violinist in various ensembles. In 1925 he moved to Venezuela, where he stayed 5 years and made a name for himself as a conductor. Returned in Italy in 1930, he got a contract with the major dance hall of the time, Sala Gay in Turin, and he became so famous as to be employed as conductor of the EIAR orchestra and to be often asked to perform for Prince Umberto II.

### Angelini Orchestra

In the 1940s and 1950s he launched with his orchestra the career of several singers, including Nilla Pizzi, Achille Togliani, Gino Latilla, Gianni Ravera and Oscar Carboni. During these years the press put often him in contraposition with Pippo Barzizza, with Angelini representing the more traditional, melodic style against the more modern, swinging style of Barzizza. He directed the orchestra at the first eight editions of the Sanremo Music Festival. He retired in the early 1960s.
# Citizens' Alliance (disambiguation)

Citizens' Alliance (early 1900s) was the name for local anti-trade union groups which united in October 1903 under the banner of the Citizens Industrial Association of America.
Citizens' Alliance is a common name of political and community organizations.
Citizens' Alliance may also refer to:

## Political parties

* Citizens Alliance (Iraq), also known as Al-Muwatin, Shia political coalition and third biggest in Iraqi Parliament after the 2014 elections
* Citizens' Alliance (Trinidad and Tobago)
* Oregon Citizens Alliance, social conservative political association in the American state of Oregon
* Citizens' Alliance (Cyprus), centre-left party in Cyprus
# Château de l'Oisellerie

The Château de l'Oisellerie is located in the municipality of La Couronne, near Angoulême in Charente. It houses the agricultural college of Oisellerie and the department's Centre for Educational Documentation.
L’Oisellerie was a fief belonging to the abbey of la Couronne and later could have been the falconry. After the Hundred Years' War, the farm was rented to wealthy burghers, who had to perform homage to the abbot. The castle was built at the end of the 15th century when it was in the hands of Arnauld Calluaud thanks to money given by his brother Jean VI, commendatory abbot of la Couronne. King Francis I stayed there in 1526. The Calluaud sold it in 1678. The castle, which was modified in the 18th century, has been a listed building since 1911. It is now a multimedia library (CCDP).
# List of 2022–23 WNBL team rosters

Below is a list of the rosters as they currently stand for the upcoming 2022–23 WNBL season.
# Cirsium hydrophilum

Cirsium hydrophilum is a species of thistle which is endemic to California, where it is found only in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. This native thistle grows in wet boggy habitats.

## Description

Cirsium hydrophilum may reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height with a branching, cobwebby stem. The leaves are longest near the base of the plant, approaching 90 centimetres (35 in) in length. They are cut into toothed lobes and covered in spines, particularly along the petiole.
The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads, each up to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long. The head is lined with sticky, twisted, spiny phyllaries and contains pink to purple flowers. The fruit is an achene a 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) long topped with a pappus of about 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) centimeters.

### Varieties

There are two very localized varieties:
* The rare Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum, the Suisun thistle, is known from two occurrences in the Suisun Marsh, in the salt marsh habitat of the Delta in Solano County. It is treated as a federally listed endangered species.
* The very rare Cirsium hydrophilum var. vaseyi, Mt. Tamalpais thistle or Vasey's thistle, is known from about twenty occurrences on Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, in Vacaville, California in Solano County, and inside the Presidio in the City of San Francisco. It is currently not a listed federal or state endangered species.
# Allodynerus mandschuricus

Allodynerus mandschuricus is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
# Alpha 8

Alpha 8 is a science fiction anthology edited by American writer Robert Silverberg, first published as a paperback original by Berkley Medallion in November 1977. No further editions have been issued.

## Contents

* Introduction by Robert Silverberg
* "A Dusk of Idols" by James Blish (Amazing 1961)
* "The Human Operators" by Harlan Ellison and A. E. van Vogt (F&SF 1971)
* "Think Only This of Me" by Michael Kurland (Galaxy 1973)
* "The Short Ones" by Raymond E. Banks (F&SF 1955)
* "Warm" by Robert Sheckley (Galaxy 1953)
* "When the Change-Winds Blow" by Fritz Leiber (F&SF 1964)
* "One Face" by Larry Niven (Galaxy 1965)
* "The Man Who Lost the Sea" by Theodore Sturgeon (F&SF 1959)
* "The Happiest Creature" by Jack Williamson (Star Science Fiction Stories No.2 1953)
* "Klysterman's Silent Violin" by Michael A. Rogers (Analog 1972)
* "The New Reality" by Charles L. Harness (Thrilling Wonder Stories 1950)
"The Man Who Lost the Sea" was nominated for the 1960 Hugo Award for Best Short Fiction. "When the Change-Winds Blow" is part of Leiber's "Change War" series.

## Reception

Writing in The New York Times Book Review, Gerald Jonas praised the anthology, saying "One would think that the back files of the pulp magazines had been so thoroughly combed by earlier anthologists that there is nothing of value left. One would be wrong. There are 11 stories in this collection. Seven seem first rate." Jonas singled out Blish's "A Dusk of Idols" as the best story in the anthology, describing it as a "brief excursion into nightmare, told with complete stylistic control by an author who knew what to put in and what to leave out".
# Alpha 7 (Robert Silverberg anthology)

Alpha 7 is a science fiction anthology edited by Robert Silverberg first published in 1977.

## Contents

* Introduction by Robert Silverberg
* "Dune Roller" by Julian May
* "Shape" by Robert Sheckley
* "Transfer Point" by Anthony Boucher
* "A Galaxy Called Rome" by Barry N. Malzberg
* "Rejoice, Rejoice, We Have No Choice" by Terry Carr
* "Orphans of the Void" by Michael Shaara
* "The Luckiest Man in Denv" by C. M. Kornbluth
* "For Love" by Algis Budrys
* "World War II" by George Alec Effinger
* "The Night of Hoggy Darn" by Robert McKenna
# Alpha Adriatic

Alpha Adriatic d.d. is a Croatian ship management company. Founded and based in Pula, the company owns and operates four bulk carriers and four tankers, five of which are owned by their own subsidiary companies, while 3 ships are entrusted to the company for management by domestic and foreign third parties. The company also provides ship management services to fleets owned by other shipping companies.
Alpha Adriatic is a joint-stock company that was founded in 1986 as part of the Uljanik group under the name Uljanik Plovidba, but in 1994 the privatization process began, during which all ownership links between the two companies were severed over the course of four years. However, despite this, there remained confusion about the company's identity, as well as a false impression of the connection with the Uljanik Group, which recently, due to the financial difficulties of the Uljanik Shipyard, made business difficult for the company's management. Therefore, the decision was made to change the name to Alpha Adriatica.

## Management

The company is managed by director Igor Budisavljević, and supervision is carried out by the procurator, supervisory and audit committee.
It is part of the Uljanik Group, which also includes Uljanik Shipyard. Alpha Adriatic has three subsidiaries:
* United Shipping Services One Inc. - maritime transportation
* Real d.o.o. - construction and agriculture
* ASP Adriatic d.o.o. - consulting
The company's shares are listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange (ZSE) and is one of the 22 companies included in its official share index CROBEX as of August 2022. In 2022 the company posted a total revenue of HRK 263.5 million (US$34.2 million) and a net income of HRK 179.8 million (US$23.3 million), 88 percent up from 2020.

## Fleet

Alpha Adriatic d.d. manages a fleet of 4 bulk carriers and 4 tankers. All ships were built in Croatian shipyards. Ships for the transport of bulk cargo in the Uljanik shipyard in Pula, and tankers in the 3. Maj shipyard in Rijeka. The average age of the ships in the fleet is 11 years, and 6 ships have Pula as their home port and fly the Croatian flag.
| Ship | Built | Type | GT | LOA(m) | Beam(m) | Draught(m) | Flag |
| MV Veruda | 2011 | bulk carrier | 30,092 | 189.90 | 32.24 | 12.35 | Croatia |
| MV Stoja | 2012 | bulk carrier | 30,092 | 189.90 | 32.24 | 12.35 | Bahamas |
| MV Punta | 2013 | bulk carrier | 30,092 | 189.90 | 32.24 | 12.35 | Croatia |
| MV Valovine | 2016 | bulk carrier | 30,092 | 189.90 | 32.24 | 12.35 | Croatia |
| MT Verige | 2010 | tanker | 30,638 | 195.11 | 32.20 | 12.52 | Croatia |
| MT Pomer | 2011 | tanker | 30,638 | 195.11 | 32.20 | 12.52 | Croatia |
| MT Champion Istra | 2012 | tanker | 30,638 | 195.03 | 32.20 | 12.52 | Croatia |
| MT Champion Pula | 2006 | tanker | 27,547 | 182.50 | 32.20 | 12.26 | Norway |
# List of Cypriot women artists

This is a list of women artists who were born in Cypriot or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

## E

* Tracey Emin (born 1963), English contemporary artist of Turkish-Cypriot heritage

## L

* Lia Lapithi (born 1963), Greek Cypriot artist specializing in multimedia

## M

* Niki Marangou (1948–2013), Greek Cypriot painter, author, and poet

## N

* Loukia Nicolaidou (1909–1994), painter, first Cypriot woman to study art abroad

## P

* Margaret Paraskos (born 1959), English-born Cypriot painter and educator

## S

* Katy Stephanides (1925–2012), painter, leader within the Cypriot modernist movement
# All Saints' Church, Alderwasley

All Saints’ Church, Alderwasley, is a Grade II listed parish church in the Church of England$^{:55}$ in Alderwasley, Derbyshire.

## History

The church replaced the ancient chapel of St Margaret in the village. It was built by A.F. Hurt of Alderwasley Hall and placed near the hall for the convenience of the family. The church was opened on 27 September 1849.

## Parish status

The church is in a joint parish with
* St James the Apostle's Church, Bonsall
* All Saints' Church, Bradbourne
* All Saints’ Church, Ballidon
* St James’ Church, Brassington
* St Margaret's Church, Carsington
* All Saints’ Church, Elton
* St James’ Church, Idridgehay
* Holy Trinity Church, Kirk Ireton
* Holy Trinity Church, Middleton-by-Wirksworth
* St Mary's Church, Wirksworth

## Organ

The organ was installed in 1880 and was built by Brindley & Foster. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.