OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Journal of Human Genetics

The American Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of human genetics. It was established in 1948 by the American Society of Human Genetics and covers all aspects of heredity in humans, including the application of genetics in medicine and public policy, as well as the related areas of molecular and cell biology. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 10.502. The journal is published by Cell Press an imprint of Elsevier. Bruce R. Korf became the editor-in-chief in the winter of 2017–2018.

## Past editors-in-chief

* 1948–1951 — Charles W. Cotterham
* 1952–1954 — Herluf H. Strandskov (1898–1984)
* 1955 — Laurence H. Snyder
* 1956–1961 — Arthur G. Steinberg
* 1962–1963 — C. Nash Herndon
* 1964–1969 — H. Eldon Sutton
* 1970–1975 — Arno Motulsky
* 1976–1978 — William J. Mellman
* 1979–1986 — David E. Comings
* 1986–1993 — Charles J. Epstein
* 1993–1999 — Peter H. Byers
* 1999–2005 — Stephen T. Warren
* 2005–2011 — Cynthia C. Morton
* 2011–2017 — David L. Nelson
# Endoglycosidase H

The enzyme mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (endoglycosidase H) (EC 3.2.1.96) has systematic name glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N$^4$-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminohydrolase. It is a highly specific endoglycosidase which cleaves asparagine-linked mannose rich oligosaccharides, but not highly processed complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It is used for research purposes to deglycosylate glycoproteins and to monitor intracellular protein trafficking through the secretory pathway.

## Structure and activity

Endoglycosidase H is isolated from Streptomyces plicatus or Streptomyces griseus. Its molecular mass is 29 kDa. The primary structure was described by Robbins et al. in 1984.
Endoglycosidase H cleaves the bond in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide between two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) subunits directly proximal to the asparagine residue, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine.
It deglycosylates mannose glycoproteins, but the extent and rate of the deglycosylation depends to a high degree on the nature of the glycoproteins. The deglycosylation rate can be increased by denaturation of the glycoproteins (e.g., by carboxymethylation, sulfitolysis or by heating in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate). The addition of 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol highly increases enzyme activity against glycoproteins containing inter- or intra-molecular disulfide bridges, unlike detergents like Triton X-100, n- Octylglucoside, or zwitterionic detergents.

## Biochemical applications

Endoglycosidase H is commonly used by cell biologists to monitor posttranslational modification in the Golgi apparatus. Most proteins destined for the cell surface are translated by ribosomes into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and translocated into the Golgi. Upon entering the ER a molecule containing 14 sugar subunits is linked en bloc to an asparagine in a selective manner by the enzyme oligosaccharyl transferase. It is this oligosaccharide molecule which is modified by a series of enzymes as the protein moves through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus. Endoglycosidase H is able to cleave each structure of this oligosaccharide as it is processed until the enzyme Golgi α-mannosidase II removes two mannose subunits. Since all later oligosaccharide structures are resistant to cleavage by endoglycosidase H the enzyme is widely used to report the extent of oligosaccharide processing a protein of interest has undergone.
# Coalspur, Alberta

Coalspur is a nearly abandoned coal-mining and railroad town in Yellowhead County, Alberta. It is situated on Highway 47 beside the Embarras River in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies.

## History

Coalspur was established during the construction of the Alberta Coal Branch, a spur line of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (later the Canadian National Railway) during 1911–1912. Located where the east and west lines diverged, it was home to the railroad construction camp and became a transport hub with a roundhouse and repair shops. It later became the headquarters for the Brazeau Forest Reserve and the Alberta Provincial Police.
Soon after the railroad arrived in 1912, a group of British financiers founded the Yellowhead Pass Coal and Coke Company. The original Yellowhead Mine near Coalspur employed 70 men, produced 500 tons of coal per day, and sustained the small community. At the peak of production the mine employed 400 men. A massive underground fire occurred in 1915 and again in 1922. The mine closed in 1923, although other mines in the area continued to operate until the 1950s.
One of the earliest oil wells in the central Alberta foothills was drilled near Coalspur. In 1924 Imperial Oil sank a test well near the community, and discovered a significant flow of natural gas that was used to heat boilers in the mining camp. No commercial quantity of petroleum was found however, and drilling ceased near Coalspur, although several natural gas fields were later discovered in the Coal Branch area.
The population throughout the Coal Branch area declined during the 1950s as the railroads replaced steam locomotives with diesel, and the mines closed due to lack of markets. The Coalspur post office, which opened in 1914, closed in 1963. As of 2001, the community was home to a dozen or so residents.
# Mirab Abaya

Mirab Abaya is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gamo Gofa Zone, Mirab Abaya is bordered on the east and south by Lake Abaya which separates it from the Oromia Region on the east and Arba Minch Zuria on the south, on the west by Chencha, on the northwest by Borena, and on the north by the Wolayita Zone. Towns in Mirab Abaya include Birbir. Mirab Abaya was part of former Boreda Abaya woreda.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this woreda has a total population of 74,967, of whom 37,444 are men and 37,523 women; 5,834 or 7.78% of its population are urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 64.9% of the population reporting that belief, 32.54% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 1.93% were Muslim.
# M49

M49 or M-49 may be:
* Messier 49, an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo
* The 49th known Mersenne prime
* M49 motorway, a motorway in Great Britain
* M49 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
* M49 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa
* M49 telescope, a telescope used by the United States military
* M-49 (Michigan highway), a Michigan state highway
* UN M49, the United Nations' "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use"
* M/49, or the Neuhausen pistol, the Danish name for the SIG Sauer P210
# Bladensburg National Park

Bladensburg is a national park in Shire of Winton, Queensland, Australia. It includes an area once occupied by a sheep station called Bladensburg Station.

## History

Bladensburg lies in the area of what was once Koa tribal territory and, on white settlement, was taken over to run a sheep station, known as Bladensburg Station. This was the site of the alleged Bladensburg massacre, in which around 200 Aboriginal people were killed in c.1872 at Skull Hole, on the head of Mistake Creek.
The 84,900 ha (210,000 acres) of national park were declared in 1984.

## Geography

The park is 1,152 km (716 mi) northwest of Brisbane, and just south of the town of Winton. The park features grassland plains, river flats, sandstone ranges and flat-topped mesas. The main watercourse in the park is the often dry Surprise Creek. During floods the creek becomes a braided channel.
The landscape to the south of the park has dissected tablelands with mesas and buttes and to the far south are flat sand plains.

## Description

The park is now a protected area containing areas of high biodiversity. It is situated predominantly in the Goneaway Tablelands subregion of the Channel Country bioregion, but also contains some of the Mitchell Grass Downs bioregion. The original Bladensburg homestead, which was probably transported to the site some time in the 1910s, houses the park's visitor information centre today. Birds common to the area include the painted firetail, rufous-crowned emu-wren and rufous-throated honeyeater.

## Attractions

The park contains dinosaur fossils as well as Aboriginal story places and ceremonial grounds.
Skull Hole, the site of the 1870s massacre of Aboriginal people, is preserved.

## Facilities

Access to the park is by 16 km of road from Winton. Camping is permitted beside Surprise Creek. No water is available.
# Albans Wood

Albans Wood is a 4.1 hectares (10 acres) local nature reserve in Watford in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Watford Borough Council.
The site is ancient semi-natural woodland. It is mainly oak with other trees including beech, horse chestnut and sweet chestnut. There are mammals such as muntjac deer and noctule bats, butterflies including purple hairstreak and speckled wood, and birds such as great spotted woodpeckers and nuthatches.
There is access from Sheepcot Lane.
# Cape Buromskiy

Cape Buromskiy is the northern point of the Krylov Peninsula. It was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1947, and mapped from air photos taken by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1958. It was named by the latter after a member of the Soviet expedition, hydrographer N.I. Buromskiy, who died in Antarctica in 1957.
# List of Norwegian military equipment of World War II

This is a list of Norwegian military equipment of World War II. This list will mainly focus on the equipment of the Norwegian army during the Norwegian campaign or World War II invasion of Norway by Nazi Germany. For Norwegian resistance or other Norwegian forces after the German occupation of Norway please put them under different headers to differentiate them or put them in a different list.

## Weapons

* List of World War II weapons of Norway

## Aircraft

* List of aircraft of Norway in World War II
# Endogonales

Endogonales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota, and in class Endogonomycetes.
It contains 2 families; Endogonaceae, with 6 genera and 38 species and Densosporaceae, with one genera and 4 species.

## History

The Endogales were originally formed to hold a single family, the Endogonaceae, which comprised 15 species in four genera (Endogone, Peridiospora, Sclerogone, and Youngiomyces). They were transferred to the phylum Glomeromycota to Zygomycetes. Then they were placed in Zygomycotina. They were placed in the subphylum Mucoromycotina in 2017 and genus Youngiomyces was synonymized with genus Endogone. They were then placed in the monotypic class Endogonomycetes.

## Genera

Endogonaceae Paol.;
* Endogone Link (26 species)
* Jimgerdemannia Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidartondo (3: Jimgerdemannia ambigua Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020), Jimgerdemannia flammicorona (Trappe & Gerd.) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bonito & Bidart. (2017), Jimgerdemannia lactiflua (Berk. & Broome) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidart. (2017))
* Peridiospora C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (2: Peridiospora reticulata C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997) and Peridiospora tatachia C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997))
* Sclerogone Warcup (1: Sclerogone eucalypti Warcup (1990))
* Sphaerocreas Sacc. & Ellis (4)
* Vinositunica Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2: Vinositunica ingens Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020) and Vinositunica radiata Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020))
Densosporaceae Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bidartondo, Trappe & Bonito;
* Densospora McGee (4 Species: D. nanospora – D. nuda – D. solicarpa – D. tubiformis)
Note; genus Jimwhitea M. Krings & T.N. Taylor was placed in the Endogonaceae family, but holds only fossils reported from the Middle Triassic formations. So is placed in Ascomycota genera Incertae sedis.

## Life cycle

The life cycle of the Endogonales is distinguished by their production of small sporocarps containing many zygospores, which are eaten by rodents and distributed by their faeces.
They also produce a fetid odour that attracts mammals and encourages them to eat their fruiting bodies, and so spread their spores.

## Food

Like all fungi, they are heterotrophs with some being described as saprobes (with weak evidence).
# Clinker

Clinker may refer to:
* Cement clinker, a kilned then quenched cement product
* Clinker (boat building), construction method for wooden boats
* Clinker (waste), waste from industrial processes, particularly coal burning
* Clinkers (album), a 1978 album by saxophonist Steve Lacy
* Clinker brick, rough dark-coloured bricks
* Clinker Peak, a volcanic peak in British Columbia, Canada
* Clinker Ridge, a mountain ridge in British Columbia. Canada
* Gary James Joynes, a.k.a. Clinker
* Mount Price (British Columbia), formerly known as Clinker Mountain
Clinker may also refer to:
* Small rocks that form in some ʻAʻā lava flows
* Waste from coal-seam fires

## Surname

* Cletus Clinker (1911–1979), American football player and coach
* Humphry Clinker, title character of Tobias Smollett's 1771 novel The Expedition of Humphry Clinker
# Miraah

Miraah is a solar thermal energy plant that is under construction in Oman for the production of steam for solar thermal enhanced oil recovery. In July 2015, Petroleum Development Oman and GlassPoint Solar announced that they signed a $600 million agreement to build the 1 GWth solar field. The project will be one of the world's largest solar field measured by peak thermal capacity.
The plant uses large mirrors to focus sunlight and convert oilfield water into steam, which is then used to extract viscous or heavy oil from the ground. This method is used as an alternative to steam generated from the burning of natural gas.

## Overview

Miraah will be one of the world's largest solar plants, with a solar thermal capacity of 1,021 MW. Construction on the project began in October 2015, with first steam produced in November 2017. A few months later, in February 2018, the facility was officially inaugurated. The project has a daily steam output of up to 6,000 tons, translating into annual gas savings of 1.6 TWh (5.6 trillion BTU) and annual CO$_2$ emission savings of 300,000 tons.
The 1 GWth project will reduce the amount of natural gas used to generate steam for thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In thermal EOR, steam is injected into an oil reservoir to heat the oil, making it easier to pump to the surface. Miraah will generate an average of 6,000 tons of solar steam each day, providing a substantial portion of the steam required at the Amal oilfield operated by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO).
The enclosed trough solar field uses curved mirrors to focus sunlight – rather than using heat from burning natural gas – onto a pipe filled with water. The concentrated sunlight boils the water to create steam, which is fed directly to the oilfield's existing steam distribution network.
In November 2017, GlassPoint and Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) completed construction on the first block of the Miraah solar plant safely on schedule and on budget, and successfully delivered steam to the Amal West oilfield.
# Tinigua language

Tinigua (Tiniguas) is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia which used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language.

## Final speakers

As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, Sixto Muñoz (Tinigua name: Sɨsɨthio ‘knife’) and his brother, Criterio. Criterio died some time around 2005, leaving behind Sixto as the last remaining speaker of Tinigua. Formerly a resident of the Serranía de la Macarena in Meta Department, Sixto Muñoz currently resides in Jiw village of Barrancón, near the main town of Guaviare Department.$^{:1029}$ They lived in Meta Department, between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers.
Muñoz also speaks Spanish and is thought to have been born somewhere from 1924-1929. He has five children, but he chose not to teach them Tinigua because they would not have any use for it.
Below is a comparison of Tinigua forms elicited from Sixto Muñoz in 2019 compared with Tinigua and Pamigua words recorded in Castellví (1940).
    English glossTinigua (Sixto Muñoz)Tinigua (Castellví)Pamigua (Castellví) eyesıt̵́izőti, zɘ̀tisete, xete waterɲikʷájtʃiñikwáišinikagé firehikʰítsaičísaekísa womanɲísañíza, ñísänixtá doghanóxamno, xámiuxannó jaguarkʰíɲa ~ tʃíɲačíña, ǰíña, xiñaxiñaga cornjóʔhát’óka, tiókaxukxá maniockomáhaxaačáxoayoa let's gominahámanaxǎímenáxa chili peppertsákhaţáxasaxa goodhajohásiayuxáǐayoxagua (‘good morning’) plantainmandóthamadóxamandotá spirithamajiéhapan-kianósokinoxá (‘enemy’) mantsɨtsíapsäţeyápiksiga fivetsátokwahá (tsátho-kwaʔa ‘left.side-hand’)xopa-kuáxasaksu-kuaxa eleventapásaɲóhačimatóse-kiésäčipsé ipa-kiaxi
# M48

M48 or M-48 may refer to:
* Messier 48, an open star cluster in the constellation Hydra
* 48th known Mersenne prime
* M48 Patton, an American tank
* MIM-72A/M48 Chaparral, an American self-propelled surface-to-air missile system
* M-48 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan
* M48 motorway, a motorway in Great Britain between England and Wales
* M48 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
* M48 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa
* M48 Mauser, a Yugoslavian version of the Mauser K98 rifle
* 76 mm mountain gun M48, a Yugoslavian mountain gun
* Zastava M48, a post World War II Yugoslavian version of the German Karabiner 98k
# Elapsoidea chelazziorum

Elapsoidea chelazziorum, the Somali garter snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae.
The snake is found in Somalia.
# Flooded gum

Flooded gum may refer to the following tree species:
* Eucalyptus grandis, from eastern Australia
* Eucalyptus rudis, from Western Australia
* Eucalyptus tereticornis, from eastern Australia and southern New Guinea
# Thérèse Waounwa

Thérèse Waounwa was a politician from Benin. As one of the founder's and activist of the Communist Party of Benin (PCB), in 1977, she was responsible for the organization for the defense of human rights and peoples.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Thérèse Waounwa earned a Baccalaureate G2 that she obtained at Coulibaly high school, then she enrolled in the Faculty of Legal Sciences of the National University of Benin.
She was involved in the reduction of university fees and, together with Séraphin Agbahoungbata and Sodji Thomas, launched student demonstrations against the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin, which led to her being pursued by the gendarmerie and the police in her third year of study. She was imprisoned and abused, and as a result of this, she stopped her law studies and went underground to study marketing and marketing. She obtained her "brevet de technicienne supérieure" (higher technical diploma).

### Career

Thérèse Waounwa was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Benin (PcB) in 1977. She advocated against the regime of the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin in the 1980s. From 1985 to 1989, she was noted for her combativeness against autocracy until the convening of the National Sovereign Conference [fr] in February 1990. A founding member of the Communist Party of Benin, she continued to campaign for good governance and the improvement of people's living conditions. She was present during protest marches, sit-ins and other political events. Thérèse Waounwa was also a trader in Missèbo and president of the coordination of the action committees of the markets of Benin. She is also the coordinator of the Benin Workers' Forum.
# List of Liverpool John Moores University halls of residence

This is a list of the halls of residence, described as partner halls by Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), available to students of LJMU for 2021/22 and 2022/23 academic years.
The halls listed below are accredited with the University and have the support of the LJMU Student Living team.
Other providers or private landlords are also available to LJMU students, however the providers and landlords not listed below do not have any affiliation with LJMU, they do not benefit from the support of the LJMU Student Living team and therefore are not advised or promoted by the University.
Any accommodation can be used for students of any LJMU campus, selection is up to student preference, (i.e. distance to campus).
Students of other universities can still accommodate in these halls as they are privately owned and operated.
Most accommodation available can be walked by students of both City and Mount Pleasant Campuses.
LJMU Partner Halls :
| Name of Residence | Accommodation Provider | Nearest LJMU Campus and Library | Site Capacity | Link to LJMU Accommodation Page |
| Agnes Jones House | Gather Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 275 | LJMU Agnes Jones House |
| Albert Court | Campus Student Villages | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 516 | LJMU Albert Court |
| Atlantic Point | Unite Students | City & Avril Robarts | 928 | LJMU Atlantic Point |
| Byrom Point | Student Roost | City & Avril Robarts | 398 | LJMU Byrom Point |
| Capital Gate | Student Roost | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 430 | LJMU Capital Gate |
| Copperas House | Urban Sleep | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 294 | LJMU Copperas House |
| Glassworks | Abodus Student Living | City & Avril Robarts | 323 | LJMU Glassworks |
| Grand Central | Unite Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 1236 | LJMU Grand Central |
| Grenville Street | Sanctuary Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 216 | LJMU Grenville Street |
| Hardman House | Urban Sleep | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 355 | LJMU Hardman House |
| Horizon Heights | Unite Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 1085 | LJMU Horizon Heights |
| Marybone Student Village: Marybone (SV) 1 Marybone (SV) 2 Marybone (SV) 3 | Sanctuary Students | City & Avril Robarts | 817 | LJMU Marybone 1 LJMU Marybone 2 LJMU Marybone 3 |
| Moorfield | Unite Students | City & Avril Robarts | 416 | LJMU Moorfield |
| St Andrew's Gardens | Homes for Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 475 | LJMU St Andrew's Gardens |
| St Luke's View | Unite Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | 776 | LJMU St Luke's View |
| The Arch | Downing Students | Mount Pleasant & Aldham Robarts | | LJMU The Arch |
Former landmark
| Name of Residence | Previous Landlord | Previous Provider | New Landlord | Time Operating | New Purpose |
| North Western Hall | Liverpool John Moores University | Sanctuary Students | Marcus Worthington Group | 1996 - 2018 | 2020- Radisson RED Liverpool Hotel |
# Engels MI

The Engels MI was a Russian floatplane/fighter developed in 1916. It was a parasol cantilever flying boat with a V-Section hull, and downswept wingtips incorporating flotation chambers.

## Production history

In 1916 the Russian government expressed a need for a flying counter-float-plane against the German Albatros W.4. Y.E. Engels came up with the Engels MI, and after initial testing an order for 50 was placed on 27 April 1917. Only three were produced by October 1917, and as a result production quietly stopped.

## Operational history

One aircraft survived the Russian Revolution, and was delivered to the Naval Aviation School at Nizhny Novgorod in 1920.

## List of operators
### Russian Empire

* Imperial Russian Air Service

### Soviet Union

* Soviet Air Force

## Specifications

Data from The Complete Book of Fighters
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 14.2 m$^2$ (153 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 385 kg (849 lb)
* Gross weight: 555 kg (1,224 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 75 kW (101 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch pusher propeller
Performance
* Wing loading: 39.2 kg/m$^2$ (8.0 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.18 hp/kg
Armament
* Guns: 1 x fixed forward firing 7.62mm Maxim gun