OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yttrium orthovanadate

Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO$_4$) is a transparent crystal. Undoped YVO$_4$ is also used to make efficient high-power polarizing prisms similar to Glan–Taylor prisms.
There are two principal applications for doped yttrium orthovanadate:
* Doped with neodymium it forms Nd:YVO$_4$, an active laser medium used in diode-pumped solid-state lasers.
* Doped with europium it forms Eu:YVO$_4$, the dominant red phosphor used in cathode-ray tubes especially in color TVs.

## Basic properties

* Crystal structure:
** Zircon tetragonal (tetragonal bipyramidal)
** Space group D$_{4h}$
** Lattice parameters a = b = 7.119 Å, c = 6.290 Å
* Density: 4.24 g/cm$^3$
* Melting point: 1810–1940 °C
* Mohs hardness: glass-like, ~5
* Knoop hardness: 480 kg/mm$^2$
* Thermal expansion coefficient:
** α$_a$ = 4.43×10$^{−6}$/K
** α$_c$ = 11.37×10$^{−6}$/K
* Thermal conductivity coefficient:
** parallel to c-axis: 5.23 W·m$^{−1}$·K$^{−1}$
** perpendicular to c-axis: 5.10 W·m$^{−1}$·K$^{−1}$
* Refractive indices, birefringence ( Δn = n$_e$ - n$_o$) and walk-off angle at 45° (ρ):
** at 0.63 μm:
*** n$_e$ = 2.2154
*** n$_o$ = 1.9929
*** Δn = 0.2225
*** ρ = 6.04
** at 1.30 μm:
*** n$_e$ = 2.1554
*** n$_o$ = 1.9500
*** Δn = 0.2054
*** ρ= 5.72
** at 1.55 μm:
*** n$_e$ = 2.1486
*** n$_o$ = 1.9447
*** Δn = 0.2039
*** ρ = 5.69
** Sellmeier equation (λ in μm):
*** n$_e$$^2$=4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ$^2$ − 0.04813) − 0.012267612 λ$^2$
*** n$_o$$^2$=3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ$^2$ − 0.04724) − 0.0108133 λ$^2$
# Yttrium oxide

Yttrium oxide may refer to:
* Yttrium(II) oxide, YO, a dark brown solid
* Yttrium(III) oxide, Y$_2$O$_3$, a colorless solid
# Battle of Aleppo (1400)

The Battle of Aleppo (1400) was a battle during Timur's invasion of the Mamluks in 1400.

## Background

The Mamluks gathered a strong army of 30 to 35 thousand men. The Mamluk army, which established its camp near the city of Aleppo, began to wait for the Timurid forces. Timurid forces arrive in front of the city and on the first day, small clashes occur between the forces. After waiting for a while, on the third day, the Syrian regents decide to directly clash with the Timurid forces.

## Battle

Timurtas, the Regent of Aleppo, took a position against the Timurid forces with all the forces on his side, and then the war started with the attack of the Timurids. The Timurids, who attacked the left wing of the Mamluk army, defeated the Aleppo and Damascus soldiers, and Sheikh Al Mahmudi, the regent of Tripoli, bravely counterattacked and inflicted casualties on the Timurid forces. Additionally, Emir İzzeddin Ozdemir and his son fought very bravely in Yasbek and managed to kill many Timurid soldiers, but they were later surrounded by the Timurids and both of them were killed. The Mamluk army, which was astonished during these first Timurid attacks, gathered together to correct the situation and thought of launching a general attack, but at this moment, Timur suddenly marched on the Mamluk army with his elephants and soldiers, and the Mamluk army could not resist this attack and started to retreat. This battle lasted approximately an hour.

### Aftermath

The retreating Mamluk army entered Aleppo with its surviving soldiers to fight a defensive war, but the Timurid army that followed them massacred and destroyed most of them. The regents and commanders, who could barely pass through the entrance due to the stampede at the gates of the city of Aleppo with their few soldiers, managed to take shelter in the castle. Coming this way, Timur began to besiege the castle, and the emirs and regents eventually surrendered, realizing that they could not resist. Damascus regent Sudun, Aleppo regent Timurtaş, Gaza regent Omer bin Tahhani, Safa regent Altunboga Osmani and Sheikh Ali El Haseki were captured by the Timurids and put in chains.
# Diyarbakır Bar Association

The Diyarbakır Bar Association is an organization of lawyers established in the year 1927. It is one of the 81 members of the Turkish Bars Association. Several of its leaders were prosecuted and one of its presidents was assassinated. The current president is Cihan Aydın and it is constituted by about 1500 lawyers.

## History

Tahir Elçi, the then president of the Bar Association was murdered while making a peace declaration for the Kurdish-Turkish conflict on the 28 November 2015. He was murdered after a prosecutor demanded 7.5 years imprisonment for having declared that the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) is not a terror organization on the 14 October 2015. The Diyarbakır Bar Association itself also received intimidating phone calls and messages but as its members approached the prosecutor asking for protection, their demands were denied.
The Bar Association was investigated for its criticism over the prohibition of pronouncing Kurdistan in theTurkish Grand National Assembly. It was also investigated for making a declaration in solidarity of the victims of the Armenian genocide on the 24 April 2019. Ahmet Özmen, the former head of the Bar Association as well as several members of the board are prosecuted according to Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. On 28 April 2021, Turkish prosecutors launched another probe of the association over a statement that "The ‘Armenian Deportation’ which started on April 24, 1915 has marked the beginning of one of the most painful calamities of our social history. This is why April 24 is one of the darkest days of the Armenian nation who has scattered around the world’s every corner." The bar association is facing charges of "insulting the Turkish nation, the Turkish Republic, the state’s institutions and bodies". In October 2022, all defendants were acquitted as both the defense and the prosecution demanded their acquittal.
In April 2020, the Bar Association was also investigated for insulting religious values after it criticized Ali Erbaş, the head of the Turkish Directorate of Religious affairs following his remarks about homosexuality causing illnesses. In November 2020, some of the Bar Associations lawyers who were assigned as election supervisors in local elections 2019, were detained as their names were found mentioned in documents of the Democratic Society Congress (DTK), which is a legal organization but viewed as linked with the PKK.

## Awards

* 2016 International Hrant Dink Prize.
* 2018 International Ludovic Trarieux Human Rights Special Mention of the Jury.
# District Council of Franklin Harbour

The District Council of Franklin Harbour is a local government area in South Australia on the Eyre Peninsula. Cowell is the major population centre of an agricultural district based on farming wheat and sheep, supplemented by a fishing and oyster farming industries. The district's coastal towns including Cowell and Lucky Bay attract large numbers of tourists during school holidays, with the new Spencer Gulf ferry service increasing traffic to these areas since 2006.

## History

Franklin Harbour itself was first sighted by Matthew Flinders in 1802 and subsequently named after his midshipman and nephew, John Franklin, by Governor George Gawler in 1840. The first settlers to the region arrived in 1853, with more following soon afterward.
The District Council was proclaimed in 1888. In 2014, the Hundreds of Mangalo and Heggaton were transferred from the Franklin Harbour council to the District Council of Cleve.

## Localities

The district's focal point is the town of Cowell; it also includes the localities of Lucky Bay, Midgee, Miltalie, Minbrie, Mitchellville and Port Gibbon.

## Facilities

The town of Cowell has most of the normal facilities of a larger town including accommodation, supermarket, petrol station, hotel and a number of food supplying shops.
Educationally, the district is served by Cowell Area School, which includes a school-community library; with a district hospital and clinic to cover the district's health needs. A number of churches also serve the district.
There are a number of sporting clubs including cricket, football, netball, golf and bowls along with playing facilities for each sport. Cowell also has an all weather boat ramp for those with boats, as well as a jetty.

## Elected Members

| Ward | Councillor | Notes |
| Unsubdivided | Geoff Giles | |
| Unsubdivided | Eddie Elleway | |
| Unsubdivided | Robert Starr | Mayor |
| Unsubdivided | Daven Wagner | |
| Unsubdivided | Robert Walsh | |
| Unsubdivided | Michael Williams | Deputy Mayor |

## Chairmen and mayors of Franklin Harbour

* Frank Laurie Williams (1925-1927)
* Earnest Perry Smith (1932-1939)
* John Taylor Forth (1939-1941)
* Frank Laurie Williams (1941-1945)
* John Pellew Story (1945-1947)
* Sidney Gordon Clothier (1947-1960)
* Harold Alwin Schiller (1960-1967)
* William James Martin Cooper (1967-1973)
* John Arthur Burton (1973-1980)
* Dudley John Kaden (1981-?)
# District Council of English

The District Council of English was a local government area in South Australia from 1878 to 1932.
The council was proclaimed on 31 October 1878, consisting of the whole of the cadastral Hundred of English, in which residents had been advocating for their own district council since at least 1873. The first five councillors were appointed in the founding proclamation: Albert Day, John Farley, George Jansen, Wilhelm Ferdinand Sieber, and Johann Miekel. It gained the neighbouring Hundred of Bower under the District Councils Act 1887, with the new area represented by two additional councillors. The council seat was located at Point Pass, even though the largest town in the district was Robertstown. The council had four wards: Bower Ward, Emmaus Ward, Robertstown Ward and Point Pass Ward.
The council amalgamated with the adjacent District Council of Apoinga to form the District Council of Robertstown on 5 May 1932, becoming the English and Point Pass wards of the new council. The English council had strongly protested any alteration of its boundaries; although unsuccessful in stopping the merger, local opposition did overturn an earlier plan to split the Point Pass area from the new council and place it in the District Council of Eudunda. One former English chairman, A. W. Farley, had been a lone voice in support of the merger, claiming that the councils "had been bankrupt for ten years, inferior metal had been placed on the roads which did not last, and the money had been frittered away."

## Chairmen

| Name | dates |
| J. G. Ruediger | 1887 |
| Day | 1890 |
| Johann Wilhelm Nicolai | 1892–1894 |
| H Klabe | 1912 |
| E. G. Schmidt | 1928–1929 |
# Yu-5

Yu-5 or Yu 5 may refer to:
* Yu-5 torpedo, a Chinese torpedo
* Japanese submarine Yu 5, an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of World War II
# Yu-1

Yu 1 or Yu-1 may refer to:
* Japanese submarine Yu 1, an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine in service from 1943 to 1945
* Yu-1 torpedo, a Chinese-built torpedo
# Yu-4

Yu-4 or Yu 4 may refer to:
* Yu-4 torpedo, a Chinese torpedo
* Japanese submarine Yu 4, an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of World War II
# Yıldırımkemal, Sinanpaşa

Yıldırımkemal is a village in the Sinanpaşa District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 176 (2021).
# Yuan Mu

Yuan Mu (Chinese: 袁木; January 1928 – December 13, 2018) was a Chinese politician and journalist. During his tenure at the State Council, he acted as its spokesperson and headed the State Council Research Office.

## Early life

Yuan was born in January 1928, in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, China. He graduated in 1945 from Nanjing Zhonghua High School and attended National Northwest Junior College of Agriculture and Forestry.
Before joining the Chinese government, Yuan was a journalist for about 20 years. He worked at local newspapers before joining the state-owned Xinhua News Agency.

## Political career

As the State Council spokesperson, Yuan was invited by student protestors during the Tiananmen Square protests to a forum on April 29, 1989.$^{:35}$ The forum was also attended by vice-minister of the State Education Commission He Dongchang. Attended by 45 students from 16 Beijing universities and colleges, the forum lasted three hours.$^{:35}$ During the forum, Yuan denied that corruption was widespread within the Communist Party or that the press was censored.$^{:36–38}$$^{:60}$
Yuan gave the Chinese government's first response to the military crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests. Two days after the crackdown on June 4, 1989, Yuan described the protests as a "counterrevolutionary rebellion" incited by "thugs and hooligans".$^{:20}$ He said fewer than 300 people had died, of which only 23 were students. He also implied that at least half of those deaths were soldiers of the People's Liberation Army.
In an interview with American journalist Tom Brokaw on June 17, Yuan clarified that while he did not claim that no casualties resulted from putting down the "counter-revolutionary rebellion", nobody had died in Tiananmen Square when the People's Liberation Army cleared the square. He said that student protestors had vacated Tiananmen Square after being requested to leave by the army before the dawn of June 4.$^{:20}$ According to Yuan, American television networks altered news footage to make it appear that murder took place.$^{:20}$
After the military crackdown, Yuan became a member of the 8th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Standing Committee. He retired in 2000.

## Death

Yuan died in Beijing on December 13, 2018, from illness.
# Bath FC

Bath FC may refer to:
* Bath City F.C., the association football club, founded in 1889 as Bath AFC
* Bath Rugby, the rugby union club, founded in 1865 as Bath Football Club
# Dnipro Academy of Music

The Dnipro Academy of Music, also called the Dnipro Conservatory since 2006, is a musical university in Dnipro, Ukraine, which was founded in 1926. In 2006, the academy offered bachelor's degrees and equivalents in several musical fields. According to Ukrainian national rankings, the academy is listed as in the top five higher educational institutions in the country.

## History

The Academy is one of the oldest music schools in Ukraine, tracing its roots to music classes taught in Dnipro as far back as 1898. The school began to operate in 1901, and the Academy was officially founded in 1926. In 2006, the Academy officially received Higher Education Institution status from the government of Ukraine.
# Zambezi Basin

The Zambezi basin is an African drainage basin, whose main flow is the Zambezi River, being the fourth largest basin on the continent, in addition to being the most important basin in southern Africa. It covers approximately 1,390,000 km², crossing regions with high population density, sometimes in areas of low density, such as the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. The Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM) has been in existence since 2004 with the aim of strengthening cooperation in sharing its resources concerned. Another supranational initiative for watershed management is Zambezi River System Action Plan (ZACPLAN).
The drainage area of the basin covers Angola, Botswana, Tanzania, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique, being the main supplier of fresh water, electricity and fish to the populations of these regions, mainly from the last five nations. The basin is home to immense wet plains, being responsible for the climatic regulation of a rich ecosystem of savannas and humid forests that surround it.
Its main navigable course is through the Zambezi River, being the stretch of the mouth in the Indian Ocean (more precisely in the Mozambique Channel) until it surrounds the city of Tete, in the northwest of Mozambique. There are also navigable courses in the Cahora Bassa and Kariba lakes, and in the plains of the Mana Pools, Caprivi Strip, Liuwa-Luena-Baroste-Siloana, Shire, Luangwa and Lake Nyassa, the latter three of which are navigable within two its thirteen sub-basins.
Two major sub-basins in the Zambezi basin are interconnected with other major African systems, namely: (a) the Lake Nyassa/Shire River sub-basin, which connects with the Great Rift Valley, and; (b) the perennial river bifurcation in the Selinda Spillway (or Magwegana river), in the Cuando River sub-basin, which connects the Zambezi Basin to the Kalahari Basin.
# Zambezi Belt

The Zambezi Belt is an area of orogenic deformation in southern Zambia and northern Zimbabwe. It is a segment of a broader belt lying between the Congo Craton and the Kalahari Craton, which also includes the Lufilian Arc and the Damaran Belt. The eastern margin of the belt interacts with the north-south Eastern African orogen.
The Zambezi belt shows evidence of two large tectonothermal events, one between about 890-880 Ma and the other about 550-520 Ma. Both events reworked existing Archean to Mesoproterozoic components, with small additions of younger material. The second event was caused by the collision of the Congo and Kalahari cratons during the assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent at the end of the Neoproterozoic. The belt includes the Kadunguri Whiteschists, which were formed by metasomatic alteration at high pressures of ocean-island-type metabasalts during the Pan-African orogeny.
The Mwembeshi Shear Zone forms the northern boundary of the Zambezi Belt, separating it from the Lufilian Arc. The shear zone also dates to the Pan-African orogeny. It allowed a change in the structural vergence, or direction of folding, between the Zambezi Belt and the Lufilian Arc.
# Doctrine of indivisibility

The doctrine of indivisibility (or indivisibility doctrine) was a legal doctrine in United States copyright law, which held that a copyright was a single, indivisible right that its owner could only assign as a whole. The doctrine was founded upon the policy concern that a defendant alleged to have infringed a single work might find himself facing claims from multiple plaintiffs, all claiming copyright in that same work. Despite the indivisibility doctrine, a copyright holder could still effectively assign certain rights. The assignees of those rights were held to be "mere licensees."
This doctrine could yield a harsh result for an exclusive licensee in a work. If a third party infringed the work, the copyright holder had no motivation to file suit---the work was no longer marketable. So courts allowed exclusive licensees to compulsively join the copyright holder as a plaintiff in such suits. Non-exclusive licensees could not forcefully join copyright holders, on the theory that in those cases, the work was still marketable and the copyright holder therefore had an interest in protecting his rights.
The doctrine could also yield a harsh result where a magazine purchased the right of first publication from an author, but provided a copyright notice only for the magazine as a whole, not for the author. This would result in a forfeiture of any copyright protection and an injection of the work into the public domain. As detailed below, this harsh result was mostly abrogated by Goodis v. United Artists Television, Inc.
In the case Goodis v. United Artists Television, Inc., 425 F.2d 397, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the doctrine of indivisibility could not operate to wholly deprive an author of his copyright when a "mere licensee" secured a copyright in a collective work but the author never secured a separate copyright on his own.
The doctrine of indivisibility was expressly eliminated in the Copyright Act of 1976. Assignees of rights in a copyrighted work now have standing to directly file suit against infringers. Because adequacy of a copyright notice is examined under the statue as it existed on the date that the work was first published, the doctrine of indivisibility remains potentially relevant for works published before January 1, 1978.
# Zameen Aasmaan (1972 film)

Zameen Aasmaan (lit. 'Earth, Sky') is a 1972 Hindi action film directed by A. Veerappan. The music was composed by Kishore Kumar. It has the popular songs "Kisne Yahan Kisko Jaana", "Na Ro Aye Mere Dil", "Hum Tum Chale" and " Aankhen Tumhari Do Jahan".

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar as Shanti Swaroop
* Sunil Dutt as Ravi
* Rekha as Kalpana
* Yogeeta Bali as Roopa
* Sharad Kumar as Ram
* Indrani Mukherjee as Ganga / Maya (Double Role)
* Achala Sachdev as Hameeda
* Dulari as Ganga
* Ramesh Deo as Heeralal "Heera"

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| "Aankhen Tumhari Do Jahan" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Bakhuda Khullam Khulla" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Hum Tum Chale, Tum Chale, Hum Chale" | Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle |
| "Ek Raat Ki Hai Baat" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Kisne Yahan Kisko Jana" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Na Ro Ae Mere Dil Yahan" | Lata Mangeshkar |
# Dog Creek School

The Dog Creek School, near Shady Point, Oklahoma, is a one-room school built in 1936 as a Works Progress Administration project. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
It is a one-story 24 by 35 feet (7.3 m × 10.7 m) built of roughly coursed sandstone, with a roof covered by tin sheets. It was built from an Oklahoma State Department of Education pattern book design.
Its NRHP nomination notes:
   As a WPA school building, the Dog Creek facility is significant in that it is one of very few one-room structures remaining in relative good condition. It also suggests the crude workmanship on early WPA projects. Within the community itself, it is notable architecturally in terms of type, style, materials and workmanship. Construction of it also provided work opportunities for destitute laborers who had long been on relief rolls and faced the possibility of starvation, rekindling some self respect. The building also improved the quality of instruction in the Dog Creek area, a very remote region.
It was one of 48 buildings and 11 structures reviewed in a 1985 study of WPA works in southeastern Oklahoma, which led to almost all of them being listed on the National Register in 1988.
# Battle of Ghazni (1117)

The Battle of Ghazni was fought in 1117 between the Seljuk forces supporting the claim of Bahram of Ghazna and the army of his brother the ruling Sultan Arslan-Shah of Ghazna.

## Background

The death of Mas'ud III of Ghazni in 1115 began a heated contest for the throne. Shirzad took the throne that year but the next year he was assassinated by his younger brother Arslan. Arslan had to face the rebellion of his other brother, Bahram, who received support from the Seljuk Sultan Ahmad Sanjar.

## Battle

Ahmad Sanjar invading from Khorasan took his army into Afghanistan and inflicted a crushing defeat to Arslan near Ghazni at Shahrabad. Arslan managed to escape and Bahram succeeded to the throne as the Seljuk's vassal.
# Battle of Ghazni (1148)

The Battle of Ghazni was fought in 1148 between the Ghurid army of Sayf al-Din Suri and the army of the Ghaznavid Sultan Bahram-Shah of Ghazna. The Ghurid ruler defeated Bahram-Shah and took the city while Bahram-Shah fled to Kurram District in present day Pakistan.
Bahram-Shah returned the next year and defeated and killed Sayf al-Din Suri and retook Ghazni.
# Domenico Quaglio

Domenico Quaglio is the name of:
* Domenico Quaglio the Elder (1723–1760), Italian painter
* Domenico Quaglio the Younger (1787–1837), Italian painter, son of Giuseppe Quaglio
# Domenico Quaglio the Elder

Domenico Quaglio the Elder (1723–1760) was an Italian painter. He was part of the large Quaglio pedigree of Italian artists involved in architecture, indoor fresco decoration, and scenography (stage design) for the court theatres. He was born in Laino.
# Do Me with Love

"Do Me with Love" is a song written by John Schweers, and recorded by American country music artist Janie Fricke. It was released in November 1981 as the second single from her album Sleeping with Your Memory. The song reached #4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and #1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.

## Charts

| Chart (1981–1982) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 4 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |