OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GB 12345

GB 12345, entitled Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange supplementary set (Chinese: 信息交換用漢字編碼字符集　輔助集), is a Traditional Chinese character set standard established by China, and can be thought as the traditional counterpart of GB 2312. It is used as an encoding of traditional Chinese characters, although it is not as commonly used as Big5. It has 6,866 characters, and has no relationship nor compatibility with Big5 and CNS 11643.

## Characters

Characters in GB 12345 are arranged in a 94×94 grid (as in ISO/IEC 2022), and the two-byte code point of each character is expressed in the qu-wei form, which specifies a row (qu 区) and the position of the character within the row (cell, wei 位).
The rows (numbered from 1 to 94) contain characters as follows:
* 01–09: identical to GB 2312, except in row 06 position 57–85, added 29 vertical punctuation forms, and in row 08 position 27–32, added 6 pinyin characters from GB 5007.1–85, the correction of GB 2312.
* 16–87: arranged the traditional character forms which replaced their simplified forms from GB 2312.
* 88–89: 103 Chinese characters which is merged due to the simplification of Chinese characters.
The rows 10–15 and 90–94 are unassigned.

## Encodings

The specification for the ISO-2022-CN-EXT encoding states that the sequence ESC $ ) followed by a yet-undetermined byte (shown by the placeholder <X12345>) can be used to indicate GB 12345 characters, similarly to the sequence ESC $ ) A (also with the ESC $ ) prefix) indicating GB 2312, but only after it receives a registration in the ISO-IR registry specifying what the final byte of the sequence is. As of 2023, no such registration exists. However, the same Request for Comments also defines the encoding label CN-GB-12345 for GB 12345 used with ASCII in a manner analogous to EUC-CN.

## Inclusion of non-standard Traditional Chinese characters

GB/T 12345 includes a few traditional characters which are different from the table of correspondences between Simplified Chinese characters and Traditional Chinese characters in the standard General List of Simplified Chinese Characters.
* 隷 (33-05): The traditional counterpart of 隶 is 隸. 隷 is listed as a variant form in the First List of Processed Variant Chinese Characters.
* 𨻶 (47-22): 隙 has no traditional correspondence in the standard.
* 鳧 (57-76): The traditional counterpart of 凫 is 鳬. 鳧 is not in the First List of Processed Variant Chinese Characters either.

## GB 12345 and Unicode

The characters in GB 12345 were taken as one of the sources for the Han unification which led to the unified set of CJK characters in the initial ISO 10646/Unicode standard. All the 6,866 Chinese characters were incorporated.
# Vital theory

According to the vital force theory, the conduction of water up the xylem vessel is a result of vital action of the living cells in the xylem tissue. These living cells are involved in ascent of sap. Relay pump theory and Pulsation theory support the active theory of ascent of sap.
Emil Godlewski (senior) (1884) proposed Relay pump or Clamberinh force theory (through xylem parenchyma) and Jagadish Chandra Bose(1923) proposed pulsation theory (due to pulsatory activities of innermost cortical cells just outside endodermis).
Jagadish Chandra Bose suggested a mechanism for the ascent of sap in 1927. His theory can be explained with the help of galvanometer of electric probes. He found electrical ‘pulsations’ or oscillations in electric potentials, and came to believe these were coupled with rhythmic movements in the telegraph plant Codariocalyx motorius (then Desmodium). On the basis of this Bose theorized that regular wave-like ‘pulsations’ in cell electric potential and turgor pressure were an endogenous form of cell signaling. According to him the living cells in the inner lining of the xylem tissue pump water by contractive and expulsive movements similar to the animal heart circulating blood.
This mechanism has not been well supported, and in spite of some ongoing debate, the evidence overwhelmingly supports the cohesion-tension theory for the ascent of sap.
# Volvo PV

Volvo PV is a model name that Volvo used on a number of automobiles during the company's first forty years:
* 1928-1929 Volvo PV4
* 1929-1936 Volvo PV650 Series
* 1935-1938 Volvo PV36
* 1936-1945 Volvo PV51 Series
* 1938-1958 Volvo PV800 Series
* 1946-1950 Volvo PV60
* 1947-1958 Volvo PV444
* 1953-1960 Volvo PV445
* 1958-1965 Volvo PV544
Volvo PV is also the short form for Volvo Personvagnar (dir.trans: Volvo person wagon), the Swedish name for Volvo Cars, as opposed to Volvo LV, or Volvo Lastvagnar (dir.trans: Volvo load wagon), the Swedish name for Volvo Trucks.

## Gallery

* Volvo PV4
* Volvo PV659
* Volvo PV53
* Volvo PV831
* Volvo PV60
* Volvo PV444
* Volvo PV445
* Volvo PV544
vteVolvo Cars, road car timeline, 1920s–1974 — next » :
Type
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
789
0123456789
0123456789
0123456789
0123456789
01234
Convertible
ÖV 4
Sedan
PV 4
PV650 Series
PV444
PV544
PV51–PV56
Amazon/120/130
142/144
Luxury car
PV 36
PV 60
164
Estate car
Duett
145
Sports car
P1900
2-door saloon
P1800
1800S
1800E
Shooting brake
1800ES
Taxicab
TR670 Series
PV800 Series :
# Caroline (Status Quo song)

"Caroline" is a single released by the British rock band Status Quo in 1973. It was included on the band's 1973 album Hello!

## Background and release

The song was written by band leader Francis Rossi and roadie / harmonica player Bob Young on a table napkin in the dining room of a hotel in Perranporth, Cornwall, in 1971. A demo was cut with Rossi playing guitar and bass, with Terry Williams on drums. The group changed the arrangement from a slow blues song, doubling the tempo, and recorded it mostly live using their stage gear and amplifiers. On the single release, the song fades out, while the album version is about thirty seconds longer and has a conclusive ending.
The song became one of the opening numbers in Quo's live setlist for over 25 years. It was the second number played at their Live Aid gig in 1985 and it inspired Apollo 440's 1999 single "Stop the Rock".
The song was reprised, in 2014, for the band's thirty-first studio album Aquostic (Stripped Bare). It was featured in the ninety-minute launch performance of the album at London's Roundhouse on 22 October, the concert being recorded and broadcast live by BBC Radio 2 as part of their In Concert series.

## Singles

* 1973: "Caroline" (Rossi/Young) (3.43) / "Joanne" (Lancaster) (4.06) 45 rpm Vinyl 7", Vertigo / 6059 085 Germany, United Kingdom
* 1985: "Caroline" / "Down Down" 45 rpm Vinyl 7", Old Gold / OG 9566 United Kingdom

## Album tracks

* 1973, on the vinyl album Hello! - track 5, 4:16.
* 2014, on the album Aquostic (Stripped Bare), track 8, 3:13 (acoustic version)
* 2015, on the CD album Hello!, CD1, track 5, 4:16; the 2015 re-issue bonus disc has four different versions: original demo fast, original demo slow, mono version and stereo version.

## Charts
### Original release

| Chart (1973) | Peak position |
| Australian Singles (Kent Music Report) | 31 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 49 |
| French Singles (SNEP) | 63 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 36 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 11 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 5 |

### Live version

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 12 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 13 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Victoria Travascio

Victoria "Vicky" Travascio (born 14 July 1988) is an Argentine sailor. She and María Sol Branz won a gold medal in the women's 49erFX event at the 2015 Pan American Games, and bronze in the 2019 edition.
The two also competed in two Olympic Games, finishing 13th in the 49erFX event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and fifth in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Aşağıkamışlı, Elmadağ

Aşağıkamışlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Elmadağ, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 167 (2022).
# The Shadow Factory

The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-Secret NSA from 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America is a book on the National Security Agency by author James Bamford.

## Fort Gordon, Georgia

Bamford's book contains a description of a processing center at NSA's Fort Gordon, Georgia facility, and Operation Highlander, with which it was associated. The staff there analyzed satellite telephone signals (like Inmarsat) from all over the Middle East. They performed various operations such as matching up phone numbers with names of organizations or individuals, recording messages, finding the locations of cellphones, call chaining analysis, language identification and translation, and assigning 'importance' numbers to the "cuts" (recordings).
Bamford's book contains the statements of people who worked there, including Adrienne J. Kinne and John Berry. Berry says that the operation never violated Americans' rights and contributed a good deal to the war effort. Kinne says that they were listening to the phone calls of Americans in the Middle East making calls back to the States, including NGOs, aid workers, and journalists at the Palestine Hotel. Kinne contrasts her years of work before 9/11 in SIGINT and the careful attention paid to USSID 18 with her work after 9/11 and the way USSID 18 was essentially ignored. Kinne later became part of Iraq Veterans Against the War.
The NSA and US Army Intelligence and Security Command (USAINSCOM) Inspectors General investigated her allegations. They found no evidence to support Kinne's allegations of improper intelligence activities. Kinne says the NSA IG never even interviewed her. Both the NSA and Army investigators attempted to conduct interviews with Kinne, but Kinne would not agree to be interviewed. The Congress also questioned the NSA and the Army about the matter.
# Hagen-Vorhalle station

Hagen-Vorhalle station is a large marshalling yard of national importance and a small passenger station for local services in the Hagen district of Vorhalle in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened in its present form in 1910 in and is one of the nine major marshalling yards in Germany and a key element of the 200X program to upgrade Germany's freight infrastructure initiated in 2006 by the former Railion Deutschland AG (now DB Schenker Rail). The station is located on the Ruhr Valley Railway and the Elberfeld–Dortmund line. The station was opened on the 9 March 1849 as Herdecke station and successively renamed as Herdecke Süd, Herdecke-Vorhalle and Vorhalle. It was renamed as Hagen-Vorhalle in the early 1950s.

## Marshalling yard

The yard has eleven arrival tracks, two hump tracks and 40 classification tracks up to 920 m long. The freight wagons or sets of wagons are run over the hump and then retarded by a series of automatic retarders and finally pushed together for coupling. The wagons are then coupled together with their brake hoses and the brakes are tested by a remote-controlled brake test system. The entire marshalling operation is automatically controlled by a central electronic interlocking. Intervention by the signallers is only required if there is a fault.
The Hagen-Vorhalle yard was modernised between 2004 and 2006 by DB Netz (a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn). The fully automated system was commissioned in January 2007. The modernisation significantly reduced staff numbers at the yard.

## Passenger station

The Hagen-Vorhalle passenger station originally consisted of two central platforms; today only one is left, facing two tracks. The station is currently classified as a category 6 station. It is served by Regionalbahn service RB 40 (Ruhr-Lenne-Bahn) running between Essen Hauptbahnhof and Hagen Hauptbahnhof at 60-minute intervals and line S 5 of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn, running between Dortmund Hauptbahnhof and Hagen also at 60-minute intervals.
It is also served by bus route 516, operated by Hagener Straßenbahn AG at 30-minute intervals, and route 554, operated by Verkehrsgesellschaft Ennepe-Ruhr at 60-minute intervals during the day and bus route 376 by Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahn AG serves the station also at 60-minute intervals. On Sundays bus route 516 is replaced by the rerouted bus route 521.
# Nikhil Deogun

Nikhil "Nik" Deogun is an Indian-born American journalist, and the former managing editor of CNBC. Prior to joining CNBC in 2010, Deogun was the deputy managing editor at The Wall Street Journal.

## Education

Deogun was born in Assam, India, and completed his schooling at The Doon School in Dehradun. After leaving Doon in 1987, he went to Muskingum University for a bachelor's degree in economics and English, followed by a master's degree in journalism from University of Missouri, graduating in 1993.

## Career

In 1994, Deogun got his first job as a staff reporter at the Atlanta bureau of The Wall Street Journal, and then moved to the paper's New York City bureau in 1999. He remained at WSJ for 15 years and later became the paper's deputy managing editor. In 2010, he joined CNBC as editor-in-chief of business news programming, and a year later was appointed the senior vice president of the channel. In October 2018, Deogun left CNBC to become the CEO of the Americas at Brunswick Group, a corporate advisory firm.
# 1954–55 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season

The 1954–55 Hapoel Hadera season was the club's 22nd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.
During the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.

## Match Results
### Legend

Win  Draw  Loss

### Liga Alef

League matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.

#### League table (as of 2 July 1955)

| Pos | Club | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| 10 | Hapoel Haifa | 20 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 31 | 35 | 0.89 | 18 |
| 11 | Hapoel Ramat Gan | 20 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 23 | 27 | 0.85 | 17 |
| 12 | Beitar Jerusalem | 20 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 27 | 47 | 0.57 | 15 |
| 13 | Hapoel Hadera | 20 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 24 | 37 | 0.65 | 14 |
| 14 | Hapoel Balfouria | 20 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 23 | 92 | 0.25 | 6 |
Source:

#### Results by match

| Match | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| Result | L | W | L | W | W | L | L | L | L | W | L | D | W | L | D | W | L | L | L | L |
| Position | 13 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
# Vonavona

Vonavona is an island in Western Province, Solomon Islands. Alternative local names and spellings of the island are Parara and Wanawana. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 21 metres (69 ft). Vonavona borders Ferguson Passage to the west, Arundel Island to the east, and the island of Kolombangara to the north.
# Villarrica Airport

Villarrica Airport (ICAO: SCVI) is an airport 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Villarrica in the La Araucanía Region of Chile.
# Lists of Category 2 tropical cyclones

Category 2 is the second category on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale and the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. The following lists show tropical cyclones that have reached that intensity in Earth's ocean basins.
* List of Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes
* List of Category 2 Pacific hurricanes
* List of Category 2 Australian region tropical cyclones
* List of Category 2 South Pacific tropical cyclones
# Lord Berkeley

Lord Berkeley may refer to:
* Michael Berkeley, Baron Berkeley of Knighton (born 1948), English composer and broadcaster
* Anthony Gueterbock, 18th Baron Berkeley (born 1939), British aristocrat and parliamentarian
* John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602–1678)
* Any male holder of the titles Baron (and Earl) Berkeley or Baron Berkeley of Stratton
# The Shadow Heart

The Shadow Heart is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

## Plot

The Doctor returns to the fallen Drashani Empire, just as The Wrath look to conquer the Earth Empire. But he finds his own past coming back to haunt him in the worst possible way, as the galaxy's greatest bounty hunter is assigned with the task of hunting him down.

## Cast

* The Doctor – Sylvester McCoy
* Vienna Salvatori – Chase Masterson
* Talbar – Eve Karpf
* Talbar – Alex Mallinson
* Captain Webster / Starbaff / Wrath Emperor – John Banks
* Lt Dervish – Jaimi Barbakoff
* Prince Kylo – James Wilby
* Princess Aliona – Kirsty Besterman

## Continuity

* This is the last in a trilogy of stories, following the Fifth Doctor in The Burning Prince and the Sixth Doctor in The Acheron Pulse.
* Five decades have passed since the Doctor's last visit.
* A month before this story's release, Big Finish announced that Chase Masterson's character was being given her own series called Vienna.
# Hacıahmetler

Hacıahmetler can refer to the following villages in Turkey:
* Hacıahmetler, Düzce
* Hacıahmetler, İvrindi
* Hacıahmetler, Mengen
# Nightfall and Other Stories

Nightfall and Other Stories (1969) is a collection of 20 previously published science fiction short stories by Isaac Asimov. Asimov added a brief introduction to each story, explaining some aspect of the story's history and/or how it came to be written.

## Background

In the introduction for the title story, "Nightfall," Asimov explained that although pleased by the praise it had received, he disliked "being told, over and over again" that a story he had written at the age of 21 was his best. Asimov hoped that the collection would prove that "sheer practice [had] made me more proficient, technically, with each year". He chose successful stories not included before in any anthologies edited by Asimov himself.

## Contents

* "Nightfall" (first published in September 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction), novelette
* "Green Patches" (first published in November 1950 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction as "Misbegotten Missionary")
* "Hostess" (first published in May 1951 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction), novelette
* "Breeds There a Man...?" (first published in June 1951 issue of Astounding Science Fiction), novelette
* "C-Chute" (first published in October 1951 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction), novelette
* "In a Good Cause—" (first published in New Tales of Space and Time, 1951), novelette
* "What If—" (first published in Summer 1952 issue of Fantastic)
* "Sally" (first published in May/June 1953 issue of Fantastic), Robots series
* "Flies" (first published in June 1953 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
* "Nobody Here But—" (first published in Star Science Fiction Stories, 1953)
* "It's Such a Beautiful Day" (first published in Star Science Fiction Stories #3, 1955), novelette
* "Strikebreaker" (first published in January 1957 issue of The Original Science Fiction Stories as "Male Strikebreaker")
* "Insert Knob A in Hole B" (first published in December 1957 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
* "The Up-to-Date Sorcerer" (first published in July 1958 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
* "Unto the Fourth Generation" (first published in April 1959 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
* "What Is This Thing Called Love?" (first published in March 1961 issue of Amazing Stories as "Playboy and the Slime God")
* "The Machine That Won the War" (first published in October 1961 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction), Multivac series
* "My Son, the Physicist" (first published in February 1962 issue of Scientific American), Multivac series
* "Eyes Do More Than See" (first published in April 1965 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
* "Segregationist" (first published in Book 4 of Abbottempo, 1967), Robots series
# 1970 New Zealand bravery awards

The 1970 New Zealand bravery awards were announced via two Special Honours Lists dated 18 and 20 May 1970, and recognised three people for acts of bravery in 1969 and 1970.

## George Medal (GM)

* Murray Hemopo – of Matamata.
   In recognition of his gallantry following a cave in at Kaimai Tunnel on the 24th day of February 1970.

## Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct

* Station Officer Trevor Henry Sampson – of New Plymouth.
* Fireman David Allan Weir – of New Plymouth.
   In recognition of their gallant services during rescue operations when two men were trapped in an excavation at New Plymouth on 22 December 1969.
# Nikulás saga leikara

Nikulás saga leikara is a medieval Icelandic romance saga.

## Synopsis

Keren Wick summarised the saga thus:
   Nikulás saga leikara ... tells the story of Nikulás, king of Hungary. His foster-father, Earl Svívari, convinces him to stop playing with magic and try to win Princess Dorma of Constantinople as a bride. Svívari makes a secret betrothal with Dorma, contrary to her father's wishes. Nikulás then travels to Constantinople where he poses as a merchant in order to insinuate himself into the Byzantine court. Nikulás meets with Dorma secretly, and the couple escape from Constantinople. Valdimar's Scandinavian mercenaries capture Dorma by employing magic, but Nikulás re-captures his bride, also using magic. The final battle is precluded by Valdimar's accidental killing of his own mercenaries. Valdimar accepts Nikulás, and Nikulás becomes king over Constantinople upon Valdimar's death.

## Manuscripts

The saga survives in no medieval manuscripts, but does seem once to have been part of the now fragmentary fifteenth-century manuscript Stockholm, Royal Library, Perg. fol. nr 7. The saga does survive in over sixty post-medieval manuscripts, however, in two main recensions.

## Editions and translations

The saga was twice printed in popular editions: in Winnipeg by the Heimskringlu Prentstofa (1889) and in Reykjavík by Helgi Árnason (1912). This makes it an interesting example of Canadian-Icelandic literature, and an unusually late example of Icelandic readerships for printed romance sagas.
* Wick, Keren H. 1996. An edition and study of Nikulás saga leikara. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds. (Includes edition and translation.)
# Forum Fisheries Agency

The Forum Fisheries Agency is an organization run by the Pacific Islands Forum.
It operates the Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre, headquartered in the Solomon Islands, and annually runs an Operation Kurukuru—a joint effort to board and inspect suspicious fishing vessels.
# Vincenzo Russo (politician, born 1901)

Vincenzo Mario Russo (18 January 1901– 16 May 1976) was an Italian politician and lawyer.
A native of Foggia, Russo studied law and became a lawyer. He served on the Chamber of Deputies from 1963 to 1968, while affiliated with the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.
# Lists of Category 4 tropical cyclones

Category 4 is the second highest classification on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale and the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. The following lists show tropical cyclones that have reached that intensity in Earth's ocean basins.
* List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
* List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes
* List of Category 4 Australian region severe tropical cyclones
* List of Category 4 South Pacific severe tropical cyclones