OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aleš Žiberna

Aleš Žiberna is a Slovene statistician, whose specialty is network analysis. His specific research interests include blockmodeling, multivariate analysis and computer intensive methods (e.g., computer simulations, resampling methods).
Currently, he is employed at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ljubljana, specifically at the Chair of Social Informatics and Methodology, and Centre for Methodology and Informatics.

## Work

In 2007, he proposed a solution to the generalized valued blockmodeling by introducing homogeneity blockmodeling with the basic idea "that the inconsistency of an empirical block with its ideal block can be measured by within block variability of appropriate values". The newly-formed ideal blocks, which are appropriate for blockmodeling of valued networks, are then presented together with the definitions of their block inconsistencies.
He also (in 2007/08) developed an implicit blockmodeling approach, based on previous work of Batagelj and Ferligoj (2000).$^{:16–17}$
In 2014, he proposed a new approach to the blockmodeling - blockmodeling linked networks.

## Selected bibliography

* ŽIBERNA, Aleš. Generalized blockmodeling of valued networks. Social Networks. [Print ed.]. Jan. 2007, vol. 29, no. 1, str. 105-126. ISSN 0378-8733.
* ŽIBERNA, Aleš. Blockmodeling of multilevel networks. Social Networks. [Print ed.]. Oct. 2014, vol. 39, str. 46-61, ilustr. ISSN 0378-8733. DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2014.04.002. [COBISS.SI-ID 32697949]
* ŽIBERNA, Aleš. Generalized blockmodeling of sparse networks. Metodološki zvezki. [Tiskana izd.]. 2013, vol. 10, no. 2, str. 99-119, graf. prikazi. ISSN 1854-0023. http://www.stat-d.si/mz/mz10.1/Ziberna2013.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 32428893]
* MATJAŠIČ, Miha, CUGMAS, Marjan, ŽIBERNA, Aleš. Blockmodeling : an R package for generalized blockmodeling. Metodološki zvezki. [Tiskana izd.]. 2020, vol. 17, no. 2, str. 49-66, ilustr. ISSN 1854-0023. [COBISS.SI-ID 53164547]
# Chinese racism

Chinese racism may refer to:
* Racism in China, including
** Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
* Racism by the Han Chinese people, including
** Han chauvinism, the belief in the superiority of the Han Chinese people and culture to others within the Republic and People's Republic of China
** Sinocentrism, the belief in the superiority of Han Chinese people and culture to others throughout the world
** Anti-Manchuism, the historical animus against the race of the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty
** the Hua–Yi distinction, the historical establishment of a Chinese Huaxia people by othering those surrounding them (many of these now considered members of the Han people)
* Sinophobia, racism against the Chinese, including
** Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States and Japan
** the Yellow Peril, the late-19th and early-20th century fear of a modernizing China
# Alf Pontin

Alfred Edward Pontin (22 September 1869 – 7 March 1930) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Alf Pugh

Allen "Alf" Pugh (27 October 1869 – 7 February 1942) was a Welsh amateur football goalkeeper who made one appearance for Wales in 1889. He was the first player to be replaced by a substitute in international football.

## Football career

Pugh was born in the Esclusham district, a few miles west of Wrexham. His early football was played at the nearby village of Rhostyllen before joining Wrexham Olympic for a year in 1885. Described as a "competent goalkeeper," he represented Denbighshire twice: in January 1885, against Shropshire and in November, against Lancashire. After losing his place at Wrexham to Sam Gillam, he returned to Rhostyllen, where he continued to play for a further ten years.
On 15 April 1889, Wales were playing their British Home Championship match against Scotland at the Racecourse Ground. Wrexham; the regular goalkeeper, Jim Trainer, failed to turn up for the match, as Preston North End refused to release him. The kick-off was delayed while a replacement was sought; eventually, the match got underway with Pugh in goal, before Gillam arrived some twenty minutes into the match. Neither 'keeper conceded a goal, and the match ended 0–0; this was the first time in 14 matches between the countries that the Scots had failed to defeat the Welsh, and only the second international match in which neither team had managed to score, the first being the very first officially recognized international match, between Scotland and England on 30 November 1872. This was also the first use of a substitute in international football.

## Later life

Pugh later kept the Union Vaults public house in Yorke Street, Wrexham.
# Alfred H. Caspary

Alfred H. Caspary (1877–1955), of New York City, was a philatelist responsible for assembling one of the finest collections of United States postage stamps. He also served in a number of philatelic positions in the United States and in England.

## Collecting interests

Caspary is remembered for his collection of United States stamps, which included postmaster provisionals of both the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, The collection also included United States carrier and local stamps.
Around the time Ferrary’s Buenos Aires 1859 1p "In Ps" tete-beche pair reached the market in 1923 and was acquired by Alfred Lichtenstein, another example of the Buenos Aires “Barquitos” “in Pesos” tete-beche was discovered in Germany and sold to Alfred H. Caspary. The Caspary pair proved that Position 33 in the plate of 48 was upside down relative to all others.
When Caspary died, the collection was broken up and sold by the H.R. Harmer auction house between 1955 and 1958, realizing record prices for many of the finest items in the collection.
After Caspary’s death, H. R. Harmer sold his South American collection in June 1958. Following Caspary the “In Peso” vertical tete-beche pair was owned in succession by Lars Amundsen, Joseph Schatzkes, John R. Boker Jr., and Gabriel Sanchez. It entered the Islander Collection at the October 28, 1982 Corinphila auction of the Sanchez collection, realizing CHF 181,500 (approximately US $89,000).

## Philatelic activity

Alfred Caspary was one of the founders of the Philatelic Foundation and served as a member. At the Committee of the Royal Philatelic Society London, Caspary was named an advisor.

## Honors and awards

His signature was carried by a distinguished group of American philatelists to the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1954 as he was too ill to make the trip to England in 1952 to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. The signature was then photographed and transferred to the roll. In 1977 Caspary was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame.
# Alfa (cigarette)

Alfa was an Italian brand of cigarettes, owned by multinational corporation British American Tobacco. The brand was manufactured by its local subsidiary, BAT Italia, until it was discontinued in 2014. In Japan, Alfa is still being manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

## History

Alfa was launched in the 1940s by Ente Tabacchi Italiani. Alfa used a dark and low-grade tobacco, often containing dust or pieces of wood, high in tar. In the period in which "Nazionali Semplici" ("Nationals without filter") were difficult to find as part of the "Mobile Scale Basket" established by the Italian government, Alfa became a popular alternative, despite its lower quality.
As with similar brands such Super and Nazionali, short size Alfa packs were eventually discontinued, with their production replaced by longer "king size" packs in the 1990s.
In March 1991, La Repubblica reported that the tar and nicotine content of Italian cigarette brands, including Alfa, were to be lowered by the Italian government. From 31 December 1992, cigarettes could contain no more than 15 mg of tar. The amount of tar was lowered again to 12 mg on 31 December 1997. Alfa cigarettes at the time contained 18 mg of tar.
In 2003, the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance published a list of cigarette brands that were required to lower their tar and nicotine content. Alfa was required to lower its tar and nicotine levels from 11.5 mg tar and 0.95 mg nicotine in 2002 to 10.0 mg tar and 0.90 mg nicotine in 2003.
In May 2014, a decision was made by the Italian Tobacco Board to discontinue the Alfa brand, with production ceasing later that year.

## Branding

The golden lion with a shield, introduced at the end of the 1970s to gradually replace the original logo of a sailing ship, represents the old symbol of the Italian "Monopoli di Stato" ("State Monopoly"), the national tobacco industry. The white triangle on a red background with the red Greek "Alfa" ("Alpha") painted on a white package was the brand's symbol from the 1970s.

## Markets

Historically, Alfa was mainly sold in Italy, but was (and in some cases is still) sold in countries such as Switzerland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Ukraine and Japan.
# Chloe Green

Chloe Green may refer to:
* Chloe Green, a pseudonym used by US author Suzanne Frank, based in Dallas, Texas
* Chloe Jade Green, the daughter of British businessman Philip Green
# Chisocheton sarasinorum

Chisocheton sarasinorum is a tree in the family Meliaceae. It is named for the Swiss explorers and botanists Karl Friedrich Sarasin and Paul Benedict Sarasin.

## Description

The tree grows up to 15 metres (50 ft) tall. The bark is greyish green. The flowers are white. Fruits are greenish brown, roundish, up to 8 cm (3 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

Chisocheton sarasinorum is found in Borneo and Sulawesi. Its habitat is rain forests from sea-level to 1,150 metres (4,000 ft) altitude.
# Cho Dharman

Cho Dharman (born 8 August 1953) is an Indian Tamil writer. He was born in Kovilpatti Taluk in Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu. The real name is S. Dharmaraj. Cho Dharman's novel Koogai, a stunning account of Tamil lives in post-independence India, was translated into English as The Owl. Cho, has authored nine books, won several awards and much critical acclaim for his novels, non-fiction and short stories. He won the Sahitya Akademi award in 2019 under Tamil language category for his novel Sool.

## Books

* (Sool /சூல்)
* Thoorvai (தூர்வை)
* Cho. Dharman Kadhaigal
* Eeram
* Sokavanam
* Koogai: The Owl
* (Pathimoonaavathu maiyyavaadi /பதிமூனாவது மையவாடி)

## Awards and honours

* Sahitya Academy Award Winner at 2019
# Alice Călugăru

Alice Ștefania Stănescu Călugăru (pen name Alice Orient; July 4, 1886 – 1924) was a French-born Romanian poet.

## Biography

Born in Paris, her parents were Ștefan Stănescu Călugăru, an officer in the Romanian Army, and his wife Maria (née Carabella). She attended high school in Bucharest, where she was classmates with George Topîrceanu, and graduated in 1907. She began publishing verses at an early age, in Sămănătorul (1903) and Dumineca (1905). The only poetry book she put out was Viorele (1905). Other magazines that ran her work include Analele literare, politice, științifice, Viața literară, Luceafărul, Ramuri, Convorbiri Literare and Viața Românească.
She moved to Paris after 1908, marrying journalist Louis Constant Edgar Müller in 1921. In France, she signed her work with the pen name "Alice Orient". In 1914, she entered her poem "Les perles" into the Femina literary competition, winning second prize. She and her husband traveled in Belgium and South America. She died of consumption, probably in Switzerland. A mysterious personality with a tragic destiny, she can be identified with the adventurous Lilis from the partly autobiographical 1924 novel La tunique verte. Her lyricism, modern sensibility, sensual sharpness and the character of her imagery anticipate interwar poetry.
# Cho Se-kwon

Cho Se-Kwon (born June 26, 1978) is a South Korean former professional football player.
As a player he represented Chunnam Dragons, Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i, Goyang Kookmin Bank as well as Chinese clubs Liaoning Hongyun and Chongqing Lifan. While internationally he was a part of the South Korea U23 team that took part in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Career statistics

    As of 1 January 2011
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| South Korea | South Korea | South Korea | League | League | KFA Cup | KFA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2001 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 24 | 0 | ? | ? | 4 | 0 | - | - | | |
| 2002 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 21 | 0 | ? | ? | 6 | 0 | - | - | | |
| 2003 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 39 | 1 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 43 | 1 |
| 2004 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 23 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 | - | - | 36 | 0 |
| 2005 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 | - | - | 32 | 0 |
| 2006 | Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i | K-League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ? | ? | | |
| 2007 | Chunnam Dragons | K-League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | | |
| 2008 | Goyang Kookmin Bank | Korea National League | 16 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 17 | 2 |
| China PR | China PR | China PR | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | CSL Cup | CSL Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2009 | Liaoning Hongyun | China League One | 9 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 0 |
| 2010 | Chongqing Lifan | Chinese Super League | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0 |
| Total | South Korea | South Korea | 156 | 3 | | | 40 | 0 | | | | |
| Total | China PR | China PR | 15 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 171 | 3 | | | 40 | 0 | | | | |

## Honours

Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i
* K-League: 2005
Liaoning Hongyun
* China League One: 2009
# Alfred Karnes

Alfred Grant Karnes (February 2, 1891 – May 18, 1958) was an old time musician and Southern Gospel singer best known for his recordings at the Bristol Sessions in 1927.

## Biography

Born in Bedford County, Virginia, later residing in Corbin, Kentucky, Karnes was a Baptist preacher and gospel singer. In 1927, he drove to Bristol, Tennessee in response to advertisements put out by Ralph Peer looking for local artists to record on Victor Records. Karnes recorded six sides at the sessions, all gospel, accompanied by his own harp-guitar with the best known including "Bound For The Promised Land", "To The Work" and "Where We'll Never Grow Old". Karnes' records sold well enough for him to record seven more sides for Victor. After that Karnes made no further recordings and returned to the pulpit in Corbin for the rest of his life until he died in 1958. He is buried in McHargue Cemetery, Lily, Laurel County, Kentucky.

## Musical style

Alfred Karnes played the harp-guitar, a seldom recorded instrument from the Edwardian Era. The harp-guitar had a large guitar body with an extra set of strings above the main fretboard which were unfretted. These were struck along with the regular guitar strings to produce the effect of two separate guitarists. Karnes accented this effect by playing the fretted strings with a distinctive slapping effect. As a preacher he sang with a loud, clear, stentorian baritone which complemented his playing. His songs were exclusively gospel and were a mixture of traditional hymns and originals. Karnes' records are unique in being the only known use of the harp-guitar in Old Time Music and which had largely been seen as a novelty instrument of limited appeal being both difficult to play and unwieldy to hold.

## Recording with other artists

When Karnes drove down to Bristol he took with him B.F. Shelton, a friend who sang and played banjo and would also record at the sessions. Shelton was a barber in Corbin and had previously served time in a jail where Karnes had preached. However while they had occasionally performed together in Corbin they did not record together. Karnes and possibly Shelton are believed to have recorded behind gospel singer Ernest Phipps on his Bristol session sides. Phipps was also a singing preacher from Corbin, although Phipps was of a different denomination being a Pentecostal preacher, so Karnes should have been familiar with the same songs.
# Chmielowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Chmielowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Morawica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Morawica and 20 km (12 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Alice Beck Cabin

The Alice Beck Cabin, also known as the John T. Robinson Cabin, is a recreational cabin on the eastern shore of Lake McDonald in Glacier National Park, Montana. The cabin was built around the year 1910, which was the same time that a number of other summer camps were built, and was also prior to the establishment of the park itself. Once the park was designated, the cabin has remained as a private inholding.

## History

The Beck property was originally part of a homestead developed in the 1890s by Denis and Lydia Comeau, who had 164 acres (66 ha) near the top of Lake McDonald. Denis Comeau was a sawyer in the winter. The Comeaus sold the parcel that would become the Beck camp to John Robinson in 1905. After their divorce a couple of years later, Denis Comeau left for British Columbia and Lydia subdivided more of her land. The cabin on the Robinson property was built about 1910, possibly by Edward Cruger, who built other similar cabins in the area. The cabin was unoccupied in the 1920s and 1930s, and as such, children from neighboring camps called it the "haunted cabin." The National Park Service, which was buying properties on the lake for the park, did not acquire the Robinson property, and the heir of John Robinson sold it in 1941 to O.M. Junkind. It then passed to Alice Beck, who sold it to Eugene and Luella Fox in 1950. Fox descendants continue to own the property.

## Description

The Beck Cabin is a 1+1⁄2-story peeled log cabin with a screened porch across the side facing the lake under the extended front gable. It was expanded by framed additions in 1965 and 1975. The interior consists of a main room facing the lake with a sleeping loft above along the back wall. The kitchen is at the back. The additions contain bedrooms.
The Beck Cabin was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 26, 2008.
# Chris Downy

Christopher John Downy (born 29 March 1955) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal Party member for Sutherland in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1997, and Minister for Sport, Recreation and Racing from 1993 to 1995.
Downy was the eldest son of Gerald and Marie Downy. He was educated at Saint Patrick’s Christian Brothers College Sutherland. He attended the University of Sydney, where he received his Bachelor of Arts (Hons), and Sydney Teachers College, where he received a Diploma of Education. He was subsequently a secondary school teacher. He joined the Liberal Party in 1974 and was active in local politics.
In 1980 Downy was the Liberal candidate for the safe federal Labor seat of Hughes; he was unsuccessful. Downy was elected to Sutherland Shire Council in 1983, and in 1988 was selected as the Liberal candidate for the state seat of Sutherland. The seat replaced the abolished Woronora, and was contested by that seat's Labor member Maurie Keane, but Downy narrowly defeated him to win the seat.
Downy was appointed Minister for Sport, Recreation and Racing in 1993, but lost that position when Labor won office in 1995. He resigned his seat in 1997, prompting a by-election that was won by Liberal candidate Lorna Stone.
In 2012 Downy was elected state president of the NSW Liberal Party, succeeding Arthur Sinodinos.
# Alfredo Santos Blanco

Alfredo Santos Blanco (26 August 1924 – 10 November 2004) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Industry of Spain between 1974 and 1975, during the Francoist dictatorship.
# Alite (disambiguation)

Alite is a name for tricalcium silicate, Ca$_3$SiO$_5$.
Alite may also refer to:

## People with the surname

* John Alite (born 1962), American mobster
# Chomedokl

Chomedokl is an island of Palau. It is most known for its north cave entrance, which is a World Heritage Site listed by UNESCO.
# Algoa FM

Algoa FM is the leading South African commercial radio station serving the Eastern Cape Province and Garden Route. It started broadcasting on 1 January 1986 as part of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). It was privatised in October 1996, and has grown into the Eastern Cape's leading media house. Algoa FM is licensed by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa, or ICASA.

## Footprint

Algoa FM's broadcast footprint stretches from the Wild Coast to the Garden Route and inland through the Karoo hinterland. It enjoys a listening audience of over 505 000, according to the Broadcast Research Council of South Africa (BRC).

## Corporate

Algoa FM is a subsidiary of Africa Media Entertainment (AME), which was established in 1997, and is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in the “Media & Entertainment” category.
In addition to Algoa FM, AME owns OFM, which broadcasts from Bloemfontein to the Free State, the North West Province, the Northern Cape and Southern Gauteng. AME also owns United Stations, a specialist radio sales house, which represents its assets in the National market; MediaHeads 360, a strategic marketing and content producer; Moneyweb.co.za, and the Central Media Group, which encompasses OFM, Digital Platforms and Mahareng Publishing.

## Footprint

Algoa FM reaches through the Eastern Cape and Garden Route, from Mossel Bay to Barkly East and as far north as Colesberg. Algoa FM's on-air audience stretches from the Garden Route through to the Wild Coast, and inland through the Karoo Hinterland.
# Algoa Correctional Center

Algoa Correctional Center (ACC) is a minimum security prison in Jefferson City, Missouri operated by the Missouri Department of Corrections. It houses approximately 1600 inmates, with a staff of approximately 470. It is located at 8501 No More Victims Road, Jefferson City, MO 65101.
Algoa Correctional Center is the only male institution in the state of Missouri that offers the IFI Program. The IFI program is also in the Women's Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center.

## Notable inmates

* Bobby Bostic, transferred from Jefferson City Correctional Center in 2021 to serve the final year of his sentence.
* Chuck Berry served time in Algoa from 1944 to 1947.