OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wow (recording)

Wow is a relatively slow form of flutter (pitch variation) that can affect gramophone records and tape recorders. For both, the collective expression wow and flutter is commonly used.

## Gramophone records

When playing gramophone records, wow is a once-per-revolution pitch variation that could result from warping of the record or from a pressing plate that was not precisely centered.
If the grooves are not centered exactly relative to the spindle hole, the linear velocity of the stylus, instead of dropping gradually as the groove spirals towards the center, varies every revolution to be too high (resulting in a higher pitch) when the stylus is further out, and too low when the stylus is further inwards (resulting in a lower pitch). The more eccentric the positioning, the greater the pitch variation.
The cause for "wow"-effects on a warped disc is basically the same; a variation in the linear velocity of the stylus relative to the disc. This can be by either radial warping (similar to the eccentric hole case) or by the disc warping out of its plane. This would mean that the stylus would have to travel faster over the warped section as it must displace both in and out of the plane of the disc.

## Tape recorders

A similar problem can occur with tape recorders. The changes in frequency are caused by irregular tape motion during recording or playback. For example, a change in the angular velocity of the capstan, or dragging of the tape within a reel or audio cassette shell. The terms "wow and flutter" are often referred to together, flutter being a higher-rate version of wow.
Scrape flutter—a high-frequency flutter of above 1000 Hz—can sometimes occur from the tape vibrating as it passes over a head, as a result of rapidly interacting stretch in the tape and stiction at the head. It adds a roughness to the sound that is not typical of wow and flutter, and damping devices or heavy rollers are sometimes employed on professional tape machines to prevent it. Scrape flutter measurement requires special techniques, often using a 10 kHz tone.
A typical modern cassette recorder may have a wow and flutter specification of 0.08%.

## Video recording

A similar problem can also occur in videotape recordings, causing the picture to jitter slightly, or the top of the picture to wobble. This is known as flagwaving.

## Correction

Methods of digital signal processing have been developed that correct wow and flutter by tracking various spurious things on the tape or film, which can be re-purposed as timing references. A system developed by Plangent Processes substantially reduces wow and flutter of very high rates to extremely low levels, with a substantial improvement in quality. The software Capstan by Celemony analyzes the already digitized musical material and uses varispeed playback to eliminate wow and flutter.
# Denis Mehigan

Denis Mehigan (15 April 1890 – 6 September 1959) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a centre-back for the Cork senior team.
Mehigan made his first appearance for the team during the 1912 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1916 championship. A one-time captain of the Cork senior team, Mehigan enjoyed little success during his inter-county career.
At club level Mehigan was a multiple county championship medalist with Lees.
Mehigan hailed from a family with a strong association with Gaelic games. His older brother, Mick, captained Cork to the All-Ireland title in 1911. Another brother, Paddy, played both hurling and football for Cork and London and was later a pioneering Gaelic games journalist. A great-grandnephew, Owen Sexton, played for Cork in the 2000s.
# Bacchisa coronata

Bacchisa coronata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

## Subspecies

* Bacchisa coronata coronata Pascoe, 1866
* Bacchisa coronata philippinica Breuning, 1956
# Bacchisa cyanicollis

Bacchisa cyanicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956. It is known from Borneo.
# Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease

Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.2, Proteus mirabilis RNase, ribonucleate nucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing)) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides
# Wusheng Township

Wusheng Township (simplified Chinese: 武圣乡; traditional Chinese: 武聖鄉; pinyin: Wǔshèng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Muchuan County in Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 13 villages under its administration.
# Delcourt

Delcourt may refer to:

## People

* Frédéric Delcourt (born 1964), French backstroke swimmer and Olympic medalist
* Guillaume Delcourt (1825-1898), Belgian navy officer, navigator, naval engineer, and maritime advisor to King Leopold II.
* Guy Delcourt (politician) (born 1947), French politician
* Guy Delcourt (editor) (born 1958), French comics editor and publisher, founder of the Delcourt publishing house
* Jacques Delcourt (1928–2011), French sports administrator
* Marie Delcourt (1891–1979), Belgian philologist

## Other uses

* Delcourt (publisher), French publishing house specializing in comics and manga
# Wyoming Roundup

Wyoming Roundup is a 1952 American Western film directed by Thomas Carr and written by Daniel B. Ullman. The film stars Whip Wilson in his final leading role, Tommy Farrell, Phyllis Coates, Richard Emory, Robert J. Wilke and I. Stanford Jolley. The film was released on November 9, 1952, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

Whip and Bob ride into Willow, Wyoming looking for work as cowhands. With the beef market dormant the pair are hired as lawmen to replace a murdered town marshal and prevent a range war.

## Cast

* Whip Wilson as Whip Wilson
* Tommy Farrell as Bob Burke
* Phyllis Coates as Terry Howard
* Richard Emory as Jack Craven
* Robert J. Wilke as Clem Wyatt
* I. Stanford Jolley as Earl Craven
* House Peters Jr. as Kent Randolph
* Henry Rowland as Bill Howard
* Stanley Price as Clark Jackson
* Lyle Talbot as Franklin
* Frank Jaquet as Doctor
* Rocky Shahan as Stagecoach Driver
# Bactria (fly)

Bactria is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae. There are at least three described species in Bactria.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Bactria:
* Bactria hypoleucochaeta (Bezzi, 1908)$^{cg}$
* Bactria rhopalocera (Karsch, 1888)$^{cg}$
* Bactria vagator (Wiedemann, 1828)$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# World Mission Prayer League

The World Mission Prayer League (WMPL) is a pan-Lutheran fellowship committed to Christian prayer as a working method of mission.
WMPL exists as an international community of approximately 6,000 members with formal offices in the United States (Minneapolis, Minnesota) and Canada (Camrose, Alberta). The Prayer League supports approximately 120 workers serving in twenty countries throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America.

## History

The first international workers were sent in 1904 by the World Mission Prayer League's predecessor agency, the American Board of the Santal Mission. They joined the Santal Mission work in India, sponsored by sister agencies in Norway and Denmark, that had been under way since 1867. By the mid-1930s, a band of students, pastors, and friends in the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area joined together to approach the foreign mission boards of the existing Lutheran synods, but they found no budget for new outreach. In 1937, they organized themselves to accept missionary volunteers and send them into areas of special concern, without the constraint of budgetary limitations. They were committed to providing a way for lay participation in mission, without the requirement of ordination, and to complement the regular work of the Lutheran synods without diverting means or personnel from their programs.
The mission was formally organized on May 25, 1937, as the South American Mission Prayer League. Its first two missionaries left the next year for Bolivia. Later, other volunteers were sent to Central Asia, and eventually to Africa and Eastern Europe. In 1939, the Mission adopted its present name, the World Mission Prayer League, to reflect its growing involvements around the world. In 1945, the League adopted its constitution and incorporated in the state of Minnesota. In 1969, a sister organization, the World Mission Prayer League/Canada, adopted its constitution and incorporated in Edmonton, Alberta.
In 1972, the American Board of the Santal Mission merged with the World Mission Prayer League. The American Board had been founded in Minneapolis in 1894, as the American partner of the Norwegian Board and the Danish Board of the same Mission. The World Mission Prayer League has inherited their particular concern for the Santal people of India and Bangladesh.

## Activities

* Pioneering evangelism
* Church planting
* Medical care
* Teaching English
* Adult education
* Missionary children's education
* Human trafficking rescue and prevention
* Radio ministries
* Business as mission
* Administration
* Bible translation
* Leadership formation
* Missionary mobilization
* Addiction recovery
* Children's discipleship
# Bryotropha pallorella

Bryotropha pallorella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy and Morocco.
The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to October.
# A Farewell to Arms (disambiguation)

A Farewell to Arms is a 1929 semi-autobiographical novel by Ernest Hemingway.
A Farewell to Arms may also refer to:

## Adaptations of the novel

* A Farewell to Arms (play), a 1930 stage adaptation by Laurence Stallings
* A Farewell to Arms (1932 film), a film adaptation directed by Frank Borzage starring Gary Cooper
* A Farewell to Arms (1957 film), a film adaptation directed by Charles Vidor
* A Farewell to Arms (TV series), a 1966 British TV miniseries

## Other uses

* "A Farewell to Arms" (poem), a 1590 poem by George Peele
* A Farewell to Arms (album), a 2010 album by the Norwegian hard rock band TNT
* A Farewell to Arms (Futurama), an episode from the TV series Futurama
* "A Farewell to Arms", the title of the final content update for Enter the Gungeon
* "A Farewell to Arms", a song by Machine Head from the 2007 album The Blackening
# Eretrian school

The Eretrian school of philosophy was originally the School of Elis, where it had been founded by Phaedo of Elis; it was later transferred to Eretria by his pupil Menedemus. It can be referred to as the Elian-Eretrian School, on the assumption that the views of the two schools were similar. It died out after the time of Menedemus (3rd century BC), and, consequently, very little is known about its tenets. Phaedo had been a pupil of Socrates, and Plato named a dialogue, Phaedo, in his honor, but it is not possible to infer his doctrines from the dialogue. Menedemus was a pupil of Stilpo at Megara before becoming a pupil of Phaedo; in later times, the views of his school were often linked with those of the Megarian school. Menedemus' friend and colleague in the Eretrian school was Asclepiades of Phlius.
Like the Megarians they seem to have believed in the individuality of "the Good," the denial of the plurality of virtue, and of any real difference existing between the Good and the True. Cicero tells us that they placed all good in the mind, and in that acuteness of mind by which the truth is discerned. They denied that truth could be inferred by negative categorical propositions, and would only allow positive ones, and of these only simple ones.
# Andre Kona N'Gole

Andre Kona N'Gole (born 16 June 1970) is a Congolese football player. He started playing for Jomo Cosmos in South Africa where he was discovered by FIFA agent Marcelo Houseman who made his transfer to play striker for Gençlerbirliği in the Turkish Super League, for 5 seasons.
By scoring 74 goals including 12 penalties for Gençlerbirliği, he became the all-time top scorer of the club, a record that had previously stood since 1958. Between 1993 (23 August 1993) and 2001 (26 May 2001), he played 147 matches totalling 12,458 minutes for the club.
He has scored a total of 97 goals in 265 games in the Turkish Super League.
Has duel Turkish citizenship, having gained naturalisation during his career in Turkey.
Kona N'Gole played for the Zaire national football team at the 1992 and 1996 African Cup of Nations finals.

## Honours

* Gençlerbirliği
** Turkish Cup (1): 2001
# Aleksandr Averin

Alexander Averin may refer to:
* Aleksandr Averin (cyclist) (born 1954), Soviet Olympic cyclist
* Aleksandr Averin (publicist) (born 1981), Russian political dissident and publicist
* Oleksandr Averin (Alexander Averin), Ukrainian cross-country skiing trainer of the Turkish team at the 2006 Winter Olympics
# 2021 Howard Bison football team

The 2021 Howard Bison football team represented Howard University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 2021 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by second-year head coach Larry Scott, the Bison compiled an overall record of 3–8 with a mark of 1–4 in conference play, tying for fifth place in the MEAC. Howard played home games at William H. Greene Stadium in Washington, D.C.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 4 | 2:00 p.m. | at Richmond* | E. Claiborne Robins StadiumRichmond, VA | | L 14–38 | 7,048 |
| September 11 | 7:30 p.m. | at Maryland* | Maryland StadiumCollege Park, MD | BTN | L 0–62 | 31,612 |
| September 18 | 12:00 p.m. | Hampton* | Audi FieldWashington, DC (The Real HU) | NBCSN | L 32–48 | 14,752 |
| September 25 | 12:00 p.m. | at Robert Morris* | Joe Walton StadiumMoon Township, PA | | L 16–22 | 2,514 |
| October 2 | 1:00 p.m. | Sacred Heart* | William H. Greene StadiumWashington, DC | | W 22–17 | 5,235 |
| October 8 | 7:00 p.m. | Morgan State | William H. Greene StadiumWashington, DC (rivalry) | ESPNU | W 27–0 | 8,632 |
| October 23 | 1:00 p.m. | Norfolk State | William H. Greene StadiumWashington, DC | ESPN3 | L 31–45 | 10,437 |
| October 30 | 2:00 p.m. | Delaware State | Alumni StadiumDover, DE | ESPN+ | L 23–30 | 1,776 |
| November 6 | 1:30 p.m. | at South Carolina State | Oliver C. Dawson StadiumOrangeburg, SC | ESPN+ | L 12–15 | 6,500 |
| November 13 | 1:00 p.m. | North Carolina Central | William H. Greene StadiumWashington, DC | ESPN+ | L 27–45 | 4,597 |
| November 20 | 1:00 p.m. | Virginia–Lynchburg* | William H. Greene StadiumWashington, DC | ESPN+ | W 56–6 | |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Medway River (Nova Scotia)

Medway River is a river in Queens County, on the southwestern shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. At 121 kilometres long, it is one of the major rivers of Nova Scotia and once supported a large run of Atlantic salmon. Historically, it was an important corridor to the interior waters of Nova Scotia such as Ponhook and Molega Lakes and as a log-driving river for the lumber industry.
Together with Herring Cove and related smaller inlets, the drainage basin of the Medway is measured at 2,012 km$^2$ including 166 km$^2$ of water.
# Chinese Literature Press

The Chinese Literature Press (中国文学出版社) is a state-owned book publisher in China established in 1951, focusing on translating Chinese literature into other languages.
Since the 1980s, more than 200 titles have been published by the press in English and French as their "Panda Book Series".

## Books

* Ripple on Stagnant Water (as Ripples Across Stagnant Water)
# Brand-Nagelberg

Brand-Nagelberg is a town in the district of Gmünd in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

## Geography

Brand-Nagelberg lies in the Waldviertel in Lower Austria. About 68.22 percent of the municipality is forested.
# Dennis Blundell

Dennis Frederick Blundell (17 June 1921 – December 2003) was a British speed skater. He competed in three events at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
# Eupithecia brunneata

Eupithecia brunneata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkey.
# A Spectre Is Haunting Europe

A Spectre Is Haunting Europe was a Canadian deathrock band from Vancouver, British Columbia.

## History

A Spectre Is Haunting Europe was formed in 2002, during the height of Vancouver's post-punk revival, and was initially billed as Decora. The band's activity was intermittent for the first two years. The name refers to the first sentence of The Communist Manifesto (1848).
It was not until 2004 that the band found a niche with its brand of politicized post-punk and subsequently changed its name to A Spectre Is Haunting Europe. Their first album, Astonishing Tales of the Sea, was released that year. Through a succession of different drummers, the band stretched this material in a few different directions at once, culminating in a caustic 2004 appearance at the Drop Dead Festival in New York City. In early 2006, Phil Western joined the group as drummer.
With their 2006 album, Flames, the band broadened its appeal to include a more general indie rock audience. Its recordings have been reviewed in music media.
In 2008, the band released its third album, Embers, as a creative commons free digital release.

## Discography
### Albums

* Astonishing Tales of the Sea (Simulacre) – 2004
* Flames (Simulacre) – 2006
* Embers (Simulacre) – 2008

### Singles

* "Servers/Stop" (split 12" single with Entertainme.nt) (Simulacre/aDistant) – 2006

### Compilations

* "New Dark Age 4" (Strobelight Records) – 2006
* "Smoke and Spotlight" (X-Pop Society) – 2006
# Alem Tena

Alem Tena is a town in central Ethiopia. It is the administrative center of Bora Woreda in the Misraq Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region. It has a latitude and longitude of 8°18′N 38°57′E﻿ / ﻿8.30°N 38.95°E﻿ / 8.30; 38.95 with an elevation of 1,611 meters.

## Overview

Near Alem Tena is Lake Ellen, thought to be the site the invasive species Eichhornia crassipes (or water hyacinth) was introduced.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia published in 2005, Alem Tena has an estimated total population of 13,529 consisting of 6,605 men and 6,924 women.
# Coffee House Positano

The Coffee House Positano was a cafe on the southern border of Malibu, California. It was opened in 1957 by Mike Dutton, a radio pioneer, and his wife, Lorees, an aspiring writer. Located on the cliff side of the Pacific Coast Highway on a 140-acre, undeveloped piece of land, (19543 Pacific Coast Highway). Positano quickly became a success even though there was no sign on the highway to indicate where it was located and the Duttons never advertised its existence. People learned of it strictly by word of mouth. Positano was fundamentally different from the some forty other coffee houses that could be found in the greater Los Angeles area. These places tended to appeal to a young crowd and were generally focused on folk music. particularly folk rock. While Positano offered some of the same things as other coffee houses – exotic coffees, deserts, sandwiches, chess games, a bookstore, poetry readings, and a place to hang out, the Duttons offered an amazing array of other activities – from avant garde theater performances like Picasso’s one-act play, Desire Trapped by the Tail, to a regularly scheduled evenings of political debate with speakers who ranged from communists to John Birchers. Writers, university professors and politicians often spoke about a vast array of topics—like anthropologist Count Taylor on the rise of black identity in the US—or authors such as John Howard Lawson, Lawrence Lipton and Anais Nin, who would read from their new works. Paintings were always on display and for sale. On the days when Positano was closed, various classes like life drawing were taught by artists such as Keith Finch. The jazz and folk music at Positano was spontaneous and free. People simply appeared, play their music and left. For two seasons, Playhouse Positano operated as an open- air theater.
The almost immediate popularity of Positano caused the Duttons to create a membership. People could visit only three times before joining. When Positano closed in 1962, the membership totaled over 2500 people. People in the entertainment business particularly those living in the Malibu area frequented the place – David and Gloria Stone Martin, John Howard Larson, and John Houseman to name a few. Some people from the European exile community like Aldous Huxley and Christopher Isherwood also visited. Many of the so-called beat poets, like Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso, came down from San Francisco to visit. The policy of the Duttons was to “ignore” any celebrity who showed up so that they could enjoy themselves without being hassled by their admirers.
Soon after Positano closed, Jerry Ziegman, a scriptwriter for the television series Peyton Place, became the resident manager of the property, representing Manocherian Brothers, and established an art community which lasted until 1993 when the buildings were burned down.
Anthropologist Jay Ruby has published an enhanced book, Coffee House Positano: Bohemian Oasis in Malibu - 1957-1962.
Special Collections at UCLA are in the process of archiving Lorees Yerby Dutton's and Jerry Ziegman's papers.
# MegaHAL

MegaHAL is a computer conversation simulator, or "chatterbot", created by Jason Hutchens.

## Background

In 1996, Jason Hutchens entered the Loebner Prize Contest with HeX, a chatterbot based on ELIZA. HeX won the competition that year and took the $2000 prize for having the highest overall score. In 1998, Hutchens again entered the Loebner Prize Contest with his new program, MegaHAL. MegaHAL made its debut in the 1998 Loebner Prize Contest. Like many chatterbots, the intent is for MegaHAL to appear as a human fluent in a natural language. As a user types sentences into MegaHAL, MegaHAL will respond with sentences that are sometimes coherent and at other times complete gibberish. MegaHAL learns as the conversation progresses, remembering new words and sentence structures. It will even learn new ways to substitute words or phrases for other words or phrases. Many would consider conversation simulators like MegaHAL to be a primitive form of artificial intelligence. However, MegaHAL doesn't understand the conversation or even the sentence structure. It generates its conversation based on sequential and mathematical relationships.
In the world of conversation simulators, MegaHAL is based on relatively old technology and could be considered primitive. However, its popularity has grown due to its humorous nature; it has been known to respond with twisted or nonsensical statements that are often amusing.

## Theory of Operation

MegaHal is based at least in part on a so-called "hidden Markov Model", so that the first thing that Megahal does when it "trains" on a script or text is to build a database of text fragments encompassing every possible subset of perhaps 4, 5, or even 6 consecutive words, so that for example - if MegaHal trains on the Declaration of Independence, then MegaHal will build a database containing text fragments such as "When in the course", "in the course of", "the course of human", "course of human events", "of human events, one", "human events, one people", and so on. Then if Megahal is fed another text, such has "Superman, Yes! It's Superman - he can change the course of mighty rivers, bend steel with his bare hands - and who disguised at Clark Kent …" IT MIGHT induce Megahal to apparently bemuse itself to proffer whether Superman can change the course of human events, or something else altogether - such as some rambling about "when in the course of mighty rivers", and so on. Thus likewise - if a phrase like "the White house said" comes up a lot in some text; then Megahal's ability to switch randomly between different contexts which otherwise share some similarity can result at times in some surprising lucidity, or else it might otherwise seem quite bizarre.

## Examples

There are some sentences that MegaHAL generated:
CHESS IS A FUN SPORT, WHEN PLAYED WITH SHOT GUNS.
and
COWS FLY LIKE CLOUDS BUT THEY ARE NEVER COMPLETELY SUCCESSFUL.

## Distribution

MegaHAL is distributed under the Unlicense. Its source code can be downloaded from the Github repository.