OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anwärter

Anwärter (German pronunciation: ) is a German title that translates as "candidate", "applicant" or "recruit". During the Nazi era, SS-Anwärter was used as a paramilitary rank by both the Nazi Party and the SS. Within the Nazi Party, an Anwärter was someone who had been accepted into a government service position and the rank was issued in two degrees: one for party members and the other for non-party members. Anwärter was the lowest Nazi Party rank in the extensive system of Nazi Party political ranks.
As an SS rank, an SS-Anwärter was a recruit, someone who had applied for membership in the SS and was undergoing a probationary period, after which time an appointment would be issued to the rank of SS-Mann. The earliest recorded use of Anwärter as an SS rank was 1932;
Within the Allgemeine-SS, the transition from Anwärter to Mann was an extensive process, typically taking over one year. During that year, a potential SS member would be drilled and indoctrinated; racial, political, and background checks would also be conducted. At the end of this time, typically in an elaborate ceremony, an Anwärter would be promoted to the rank of SS-Mann.
After 1941, Anwärter was also used as a rank of the Waffen-SS, but to a much lesser degree than in the general SS. A Waffen-SS Anwärter was usually a recruit who had been processed into the SS (typically at a recruiting station) but had yet to report for basic training. Once basic training began, the Anwärter was promoted to the rank of SS-Schütze.
Between 1942 and 1945, an even lower rank existed within the SS known as Bewerber. The SS was the only Nazi paramilitary group to have a rank lower than that of Anwärter. The SS rank of Anwärter used no insignia.
In modern-day Germany, the title of Anwärter is typically used by those applying for employment and also as a designation for members of the Bundeswehr who are under consideration for a leadership assignment.

## Insignia

* NSDAP
# 129th

129th may refer to:
* 129th (South Western) Brigade, British Territorial Force division formed in 1908
* 129th (Wentworth) Battalion, CEF, unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War
* 129th Delaware General Assembly, meeting of the legislative branch of the Delaware state government
* 129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis, infantry regiment of the British Indian Army raised in 1846 as the 2nd Bellochee Battalion
* 129th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), regiment of the Field Artillery Branch of the United States Army
* 129th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, American infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War
* 129th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), 1st Line Territorial Army brigade during the Second World War
* 129th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Infantry Division of the German Army during World War II
* 129th Infantry Regiment (United States), United States military unit of the Illinois National Guard
* 129th Kentucky Derby or 2003 Kentucky Derby
* 129th meridian east, line of longitude across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica
* 129th meridian west, line of longitude across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica
* 129th Ohio General Assembly, the current legislative body of the state of Ohio for 2011 and 2012
* 129th Ohio Infantry (or 129th OVI), infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War
* 129th Regiment of Foot, infantry regiment of the British Army, created in 1794 and disbanded in 1796
* 129th Rescue Squadron, unit of the California Air National Guard
* 129th Rescue Wing, unit of the California Air National Guard
* 129th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit
* 129th Street (IRT Third Avenue Line), massive station on the IRT Third Avenue Line in the New York City Subway system
* 129th Street (Manhattan), street in Manhattan
* 129th Toronto Scouting Group in Ontario, Canada
* Pennsylvania's 129th Representative District or Pennsylvania House of Representatives
# Cerithiopsis jeffreysi

Cerithiopsis jeffreysi is a species of sea snail, a gastropod in the family Cerithiopsidae, which is known from the Caribbean Sea and European oceans. It was described by Watson in 1885.
# List of elections in 1916

The following elections occurred in the year 1916.

## Asia

* 1916 Philippine House of Representatives elections
* 1916 Philippine Senate elections

## Europe

* 1916 Finnish parliamentary election

### United Kingdom

* 1916 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election
* 1916 Bolton by-election
* 1916 Newington West by-election
* 1916 Portsmouth by-election
* 1916 Sheffield Hallam by-election
* 1916 South Shields by-election

## North America
### Canada

* 1916 British Columbia general election
* 1916 Edmonton municipal election
* 1916 Nova Scotia general election
* 1916 Quebec general election
* 1916 Toronto municipal election

### United States

* 1916 US presidential election
* United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1916
* 1916 Minnesota gubernatorial election
* 1916 New York state election
* United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1916
* 1916 South Carolina gubernatorial election
* 1916 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1916 United States Senate elections

#### United States Senate

* United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1916
* 1916 United States Senate elections

## South America

* 1916 Argentine general election
* 1916 Guatemalan presidential election
* 1916 Nicaraguan general election
* 1916 Panamanian presidential election

## Oceania
### Australia

* 1916 Australian plebiscite
* 1916 Tasmanian state election

### New Zealand

* 1916 Pahiatua by-election
# Trew Era Cafe

The Trew Era Café was a non-profit coffeehouse established in March 2015 in Hackney, East London. The café, opened by comedian and activist Russell Brand, was funded by profits from his 2014 book, Revolution.
The café name and logo come from its location on the New Era estate and from Brand's web series, The Trews.
In September 2016, Brand donated the cafe to The Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners Trust (RAPT) whose London Recovery Hub is located next door to the Trew Era Cafe.

## Background

During promotion for his book, Brand stated that he would use the profits to fund a social enterprise to employ former drug users in "abstinence-based recovery" and help them return to work.
The café is located on the New Era estate, whose residents faced eviction in 2014 when their rents were to be tripled by a new owner, Westbrook Partners. They campaigned against the proposed purchase by Westbrook, and Brand supported and drew attention to the residents' cause. In December 2014, Westbrook backed out and the approximately 100 families of the New Era estate ultimately were able to stay.

## Facility

In February 2015, work began on the facility, next to a printing shop and a barbershop. The location was formerly a clothes shop but was empty for some time. The café opened its doors on the morning of 26 March 2015, with approximately 200 people coming for the event.
Brand stated that he hopes to have a chain of self-supporting social enterprises. On the café opening, he told the crowd, "In this book, I wrote about how the way to change politics is not depending on the existing political class and the existing political system, but for us ourselves to start grassroots movements like what has happened on the New Era estate...this café is going to be run by people in abstinence-based recovery. It's a model which is not for profit, a fully self-supporting new economic enterprise."
As of July 2015, the cafe employed seven recovering addicts, who are paid £9.15 per hour, and a manager.
# Even If (ZOEgirl song)

"Even If" is a single that was released by Christian pop trio ZOEgirl to radio stations on September 27, 2002. It reached number 8 on the R&R Christian CHR National Airplay chart.

## Track listing

* Even If
* Even If (Prefab Mix)
* Anything Is Possible

## Versions
### Smash-up

The song "Even If" was also released as a mash-up on the Smash-Ups CD, as the tenth and last track. The music from "Even If" is combined with the vocals from Carman's "Who's In The House", transforming the rap into a modern upbeat dance track. Christian Music Today criticized the new creation, and encourages listeners to "...end the listening experience with track 9..." or even "...intentionally scratch out the track with a pen-knife."

## Charts

On November 29, 2002, the song peaked at #8 on the R&R Christian CHR National Airplay chart.

## In popular media

The song "Even If" was featured on WWE Tough Enough.
# Tromsø, Kaptein

Tromsø, Kaptein is the eighteenth studio album by Robyn Hitchcock, released and recorded on the Norwegian label Hype City Records in 2011. The album's title refers to the city of Tromsø in northern Norway.
The lyrics are in English, except 'Godnatt Oslo' ("Goodnight Oslo") where Hitchcock sings in Norwegian.

## Track listing

* "Light Blue Afternoon"
* "Raining Twilight Coast"
* "Savannah"
* "Dismal City"
* "Old Man Weather"
* "Erasing Your Life"
* "August in Hammersmith"
* "Everything About You"
* "The Abyss"
* "Godnatt Oslo"
# Training Center XML

Training Center XML (TCX) is a data exchange format introduced in 2007 as part of Garmin's Training Center product. The XML is similar to GPX since it exchanges GPS tracks, but treats a track as an Activity rather than simply a series of GPS points. TCX provides standards for transferring heart rate, running cadence, bicycle cadence, calories in the detailed track. It also provides summary data in the form of laps.
Its Internet media type is application/vnd.garmin.tcx+xml for php the media type is application/octet-stream
# Man of Sin (album)

Man of Sin is the debut album by the American band Varnaline, released in 1996. Varnaline supported the album by touring with the 1996 Lollapalooza festival.

## Production

The album constituted frontman Anders Parker's 4-track demos, which he recorded mostly by himself in Portland, Oregon; he formed the band afterwards. Acoustic guitar is the main instrument, although Bob MacKay, a bass player, contributed to four songs. Parker wrote all the songs, which were originally intended for a different musical project. "Little Pills" was inspired by Parker's brother's work in a group home.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Fort Worth Star-Telegram | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
| NME | 7/10 |
Entertainment Weekly wrote that, "like Eddie Vedder, Varnaline songwriter Anders Parker seems to idolize Neil Young for his twangy introspection; unlike Pearl Jam, he doesn’t weigh down his melancholy with exhibitionistic melodrama." The Chicago Tribune called the album "mostly acoustic, lo-fi tunes occasionally etched with striking, plaintive melodies." The Los Angeles Times opined that the songs oscillate "between very inward folk-pop salted with noisy guitars, and good, muscular, country-tinged expressions of wistfulness, a la Wilco and Son Volt."
NME appreciated that the album "never descends into laboured folk catharsis." The Chicago Reader determined that, "amid the album's relatively lo-fi hiss, layers of guitar—both clean and distorted—and cheap chord-organ tones, Parker's earnest vocals consistently cut through, exuding a genuine ache typically lacking in such at-home affairs." The Record deemed it "a raw, unpretentious project," writing that "Parker's voice is not strong, and is at times tough on the ears as it cracks and strains, but he wrests a great deal of emotion and feeling from it."
AllMusic wrote: "Kind of like a lo-fi indie version of Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska, Man of Sin is a compelling but occasionally harsh album of real staying power."
# Apedwa

Apedwa is a town in the East Akim District of the Eastern Region of Ghana.
# 1274 in poetry
## Events

* May 1 – In Florence, nine-year-old Dante Alighieri first sees eight-year-old Beatrice, his lifelong muse.

## Works

* Bonvesin da la Riva, Liber di Tre Scricciur

## Births

* Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi (died 1356), mystic-poet and a Sufi saint of Chishti Order
* Ibn al-Yayyab (died 1349), statesman and poet from the Nasrid kingdom of Granada

## Deaths

* Lal Shahbaz Qalander (born 1177), sufi saint, philosopher, poet and qalandar
# Frederick C. Crawford

Frederick Coolidge Crawford (March 19, 1891 – December 9, 1994) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was also the president of Thompson Products, Inc. (which later became part of TRW) and a major promoter of the National Air Races in Cleveland.
Crawford was born March 19, 1891, in Watertown, Massachusetts, and went to Harvard College, graduating magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1916, he earned a master of engineering. Soon after he moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he worked as a millwright's assistant. During World War II, Thompson Products and Crawford manufactured auto and aviation components critical to the allied war effort. In 1957, he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Vermilye Medal. In 1972, Crawford received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 1993, he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame. He had previously been elected to the Business Hall of Fame and the Automotive Hall of Fame.
He was recognized worldwide for his leadership in the automotive and aviation industries, as a pioneer in the human relations field (who kept management–labor strife to a minimum at Thompson and TRW by providing effective channels for worker grievances and collective bargaining), and a leader in the philanthropic community in Cleveland, Ohio. Crawford denounced United Auto Workers labor leader Walter Reuther as "a socialist at heart ... (who) can see no place for the stockholder in American industry, and is a ruthless, ambitious, unprincipled labor leader... ."
As head of Thompson Products for more than 25 years, Crawford oversaw the company's transformation from an automotive and aircraft parts manufacturer to a leader in the aviation and aerospace industries.
For many years, Crawford collected antique automobiles. His original motivation was simply that he saw historical value in saving certain early examples that, before the 1950s, were generally not valued by anyone except at their scrap value. The collection became known as the "Auto Album". The collection was housed by TRW before being donated to the Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum of the Western Reserve Historical Society.
Crawford was a trustee of Case Institute of Technology, now Case Western Reserve University, where Crawford Hall was named in his honor.

## Selected bibliography

* Crawford, Frederick C. and Colket, Jr., Meredith. (1973). The Architecture of Cleveland: Twelve Buildings, 1836–1912. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio.
* Johnston, Christopher, Ed. (1992). Storyettes: Reminiscences of Frederick Coolidge Crawford. The Press at Cropthorne, Cleveland, Ohio. ISBN 0944125190
* Crawford, Frederick C. and Johnston, Christoper. (1993). Selected Speeches of Frederick Coolidge Crawford. Privately printed, Cleveland, Ohio.
* Johnston, Christopher, Ed. (1994). Storyettes: Reminiscences of Frederick Coolidge Crawford, Volume II. The Stinehour Press, Lunenburg, Vermont.
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1688

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1688.

## Fellows

* Joannes Nicolaus Pechlin (1646–1706)
* Edward Stillingfleet (1660–1708)
* Raymond Vieussens (1635–1715)
* John Adair (1647–1718)
* Sir Charles Gresham (1660–1718)
* John Clayton (1657–1725)
* Joannes Adamus Stampfer (d. 1743)
* Nicolas Fatio de Duillier (1664–1753)
# Trew

Trew is the surname of:

## People

* Abdias Trew (1597-1669), German mathematician
* Antony Trew (1906–1996), South African writer and business man
* Arisa Trew (born 2010), Australian Olympic champion skateboarder
* Arthur Trew (19th c.), Irish stevedore and Protestant preacher
* Beatrice Trew (1897–1976), Canadian politician
* Billy Trew (1878–1926), Welsh rugby union player
* Christoph Jacob Trew (1695–1769), German botanist
* Kim Trew (born 1953), Canadian politician
* Peter Trew (born 1932), English politician
* Ray Trew (born 1954), British businessman and football executive
* Simon Trew (born 1965), British historian
* Susan Trew (born 1853), English composer
* Tony Trew (born 1941), South African politician

## Fictional characters

* Thomas Trew, the main character in a fantasy series, see author Sophie Masson
# Bret Wallach

Bret Wallach (February 5, 1943) is an American cultural geographer, and professor at University of Oklahoma.
He graduated from University of California, Berkeley with an A.B. in 1964, M.A. in 1966, and Ph.D. in 1968. He taught at the University of Victoria, Pennsylvania State University, University of California, Riverside, and University of Maine at Fort Kent.

## Awards

* 1984 MacArthur Fellows Program

## Works

* Understanding the Cultural Landscape. New York: the Guilford Press, 2004. ISBN 978-1-59385-119-4
* Losing Asia: Modernization and the Culture of Development, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8018-5170-4
* At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-8165-0917-1
# Exmagma

Exmagma are a three-piece German experimental jazz-rock and krautrock band who released two albums in the early 1970s. They were formed in Stuttgart by Thomas Balluff, Andy Goldner, and Fred Braceful, who was a former member of jazz group Et Cetera. The first two albums Exmagma and Goldball were released in 1973 and 1974 respectively, while Exmagma 3 from 1975 was released in 2006. The band were included on the Nurse With Wound list.

## Members

* Andy Goldner (guitars, bass, sax, vocals)
* Thomas Balluff (keyboards, trumpet, flute, vocals)
* Fred Braceful (drums)

## Discography

* Exmagma (1973)
* Goldball (1974)
* Exmagma 3 (2006, recorded 1975)
# Trimetopon gracile

Trimetopon gracile, Günther's tropical ground snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Traînou

Traînou (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
# Manfred (disambiguation)

Manfred is a closet drama written in 1816–1817 by Lord Byron.
Manfred may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Manfred (Schumann), 1852 incidental music based on the Byron poem
* Manfred Symphony, 1885 symphony by Tchaikovsky based on the Byron poem
* Manfred Mann, 1960s English rock band
** The Manfreds, 1990s reunion of former members of Manfred Mann
* Manfred, or Manny, character in Ice Age

## People

* Manfred (given name), including a list of people with the name
* Ebanda Manfred (1935–2003), Cameroonian makossa singer
* Edmund Manfred (1856–1941), or E.C. Manfred, Australian architect
* Frederick Manfred (1912–1994), American writer of Westerns
* Freya Manfred (born 1944), American poet
* Marsden Manfred (1888–1951), Australian politician
* Rob Manfred (born 1958), American lawyer and baseball executive

## Other uses

* Manfred, North Dakota, a place in the U.S.
* Manfred Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, a township in the U.S. named after the work by Byron
* Manfred (horse) (1922–1940), an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse
# Shorterville, Alabama

Shorterville is an unincorporated community in Henry County, Alabama, United States. Shorterville is located on Alabama State Route 10, 8.8 miles (14.2 km) east of Abbeville. Shorterville has a post office with ZIP code 36373.

## Gallery

Below are photographs taken in Shorterville as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey:
* Colonel Baldwin M. Fluker House
* Barn at Bartlett Smith House
* Smoke house at Bartlett Smith House
* Old shop at Bartlett Smith House
* Chitley House
# 1636 in Belgium

Events in the year 1636 in the Spanish Netherlands and Prince-bishopric of Liège (predecessor states of modern Belgium).

## Incumbents
### Habsburg Netherlands

    Monarch – Philip IV, King of Spain and Duke of Brabant, of Luxembourg, etc.
    Governor General – Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

### Prince-Bishopric of Liège

    Prince-Bishop – Ferdinand of Bavaria

## Events
### April

* 29 April – Dutch forces retake Schenkenschans.

### July

* 2 July – Army of Flanders goes onto the offensive in the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59), invading French territory.
* 17 July – People of Liège appeal to Pope Urban VIII against imperial troops called in by prince-bishop Ferdinand.

### August

* 5 August – Crossing of the Somme by the Army of Flanders.
* 7 August – Corbie invested.
* 15 August – Corbie taken.

### November

* 14 November – French forces retake Corbie.

## Publications

* Lazarus Marcquis, Volcomen tractaet van de peste (Antwerp, Caesar Joachim Trognaesius) – a treatise on the pestilence. Available on the Internet Archive

## Works of art

* Anthony van Dyck – Charles I in Three Positions, now in the Royal Collection.
* Peter Paul Rubens
** Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye, now in the Musée Bonnat, Bayonne.
** Helena Fourment with Children, now in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
** Saturn, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid.
** The Rainbow Landscape, now in the Wallace Collection, London.
** A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning, now in the National Gallery, London.

## Births
### January

* 12 January – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, painter (died 1699)

### June

* 22 June – Albertus Clouwet, engraver (died 1679)

## Deaths
### Date uncertain

* Philippe de Caverel (born 1555), abbot
* Matthijs Langhedul, organ builder
* Joannes Woverius (born 1576), councillor

### January

* 19 January – Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (born 1561/2), painter

### June

* 21 June – Justus de Harduwijn (born 1582), poet
# French destroyer Boulonnais

The French destroyer Boulonnais was one of 14 L'Adroit-class destroyers built for the French Navy during the 1920s.

## Design and description

The L'Adroit class was a slightly enlarged and improved version of the preceding Bourrasque class. The ships had an overall length of 107.2 meters (351 ft 8 in), a beam of 9.9 meters (32 ft 6 in), and a draft of 3.5 meters (11 ft 6 in). The ships displaced 1,380 metric tons (1,360 long tons) at standard load and 2,000 metric tons (2,000 long tons) at deep load. They were powered by two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three du Temple boilers. The turbines were designed to produce 31,000 metric horsepower (22,800 kW; 30,576 shp), which would propel the ships at 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). The ships carried 386 metric tons (380 long tons) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).
The main armament of the L'Adroit-class ships consisted of four Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1924 guns in single mounts, one superfiring pair each fore and aft of the superstructure. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of a pair of Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1925 guns. The ships carried two above-water triple sets of 550-millimeter (21.7 in) torpedo tubes. A pair of depth charge chutes were built into their stern; these housed a total of sixteen 200-kilogram (440 lb) depth charges. In addition two depth charge throwers were fitted for which six 100-kilogram (220 lb) depth charges were carried.

## Construction and career

Boulonnais was laid down on 4 May 1926, launched on 1 June 1927 and completed on 25 June 1929. She was sunk on 8 November 1942 off Casablanca, French Morocco, during the Naval Battle of Casablanca by the United States Navy heavy cruiser Augusta or light cruiser Brooklyn.
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1689

This is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1689.

## Fellows

* Joseph Raphson (d. 1716)
* Nicolaus Witsen (1641–1717)
* George Moult (d. 1727)
* William Stanley (1647–1731)