OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phyllodoce mucosa

Phyllodoce mucosa is a species of polychaete worm in the family Phyllodocidae. It is found intertidally in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, typically on sandy or muddy seabeds.

## Description

Phyllodoce mucosa is a long and slender worm, growing to a maximum length of about 15 cm (6 in) and some 275 segments. The head and first segment (only visible from below) are dark-coloured, with some yellow pigment at the back of the head and the front of segment 2. The next two segments are colourless, and the remaining segments have a large dark spot dorsally, placed across the segment boundary. In the posterior part of the animal these tend to coalesce into a continuous dark band; additionally there are a pair of small yellow spots on each segment of this region. The ventral surface is also spotted with dark pigment, but less distinctly so.
Like other members of its family, P. mucosa has a reversible pharynx which can be turned inside out and which is used to catch prey or engulf food fragments. It has no jaws. The head has a pair of antennae at the front, a central antenna known as a "nuchal papilla" a pair of eyes and a pair of palps underneath. The body has both dorsal and ventral branched cirri, the dorsal ones being the larger.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is sometimes confused with Phyllodoce maculata so its precise range is unclear, but it is present in the Arctic Ocean, the North Pacific Ocean, the North Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It is present on intertidal sand and mud flats, stones and shelly gravels, at depths down to about 20 m (70 ft).

## Biology

Phyllodoce mucosa is a scavenger, carnivore and feeder on carrion. As mud and sand flats are uncovered during falling tides at night, the worms emerge from the sediment and move rapidly towards any dead animal, such as a mollusc, crab, or worm, lying on the surface. They can detect the corpse from 15 m (50 ft) or more. As each worm crawls it leaves a copious trail of mucus behind it and other worms are guided by this and form "roads" as they also move towards the carcass. There the worms suck at the dead tissue and may increase their body weight by a third before retreating back into the sediment.
At breeding time, swarms of mature adults form in surface waters. Females produce gelatinous egg masses containing more than 10,000 eggs which are attached to fronds of seaweed. The developing larvae pass through one or two trochophore stages and two further metatrochophore stages before settling on the seabed as larvae with five to nine segments. The larval stage lasts for up to about nine weeks.
# Pietro De Martino

Pietro De Martino or Di Martino (31 May 1707 – 28 January 1746) was an Italian mathematician and astronomer.

## Biography

Born in Faicchio, he was brother of Angelo, professor first of medical physics then of mathematics at the University of Naples; and of Nicola Antonio De Martino, professor di mathematics and director of the Real Corpo degli Ingegneri (Royal Engineers Corp) and Marine Guard. Pietro De Martino was a pupil of Agostino Ariani and of Giacinto De Cristoforo (1650-1730). In 1735 he was assigned of the astronomical and nautical chair at the University of Naples.
He disputed with Roger Joseph Boscovich on the question if it is possible to gain a right result starting from a wrong hypothesis.
He authored various works; his Nuove istituzioni di aritmetica pratica, published originally in 1739 in Naples, had many reprints (the better known of the 1758; one also in Turin in 1762). He died in Naples in 1746.

## Works

* Degli elementi della geometria piana composti da Euclide Megarese, e tradotti in italiano, ed illustrati (in Italian). Naples: Alessio Pellecchia. 1785 [1736].
* Philosophiae naturalis institutionum libri tres (in Latin). Naples: Felice Carlo Mosca. 1738.
* Nuove istituzioni di aritmetica pratica (in Italian). Naples: Felice Carlo Mosca. 1739.
* Nuove instituzioni di aritmetica pratica (in Italian). Turin: Stamperia Reale. 1762 [1739].
* De luminis refractione et motu (in Latin). Naples. 1740.
* De corporum quae moventur viribus, earumque aestimandarum ratione (in Latin). Naples: Felice Mosca. 1741.
# Pinhole occluder

A pinhole occluder is an opaque disk with one or more small holes through it, used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists to test visual acuity. The occluder is a simple way to focus light, as in a pinhole camera, temporarily removing the effects of refractive errors such as myopia. Because light passes only through the center of the eye's lens, defects in the shape of the lens (errors of refraction) have no effect while the occluder is used. In this way, the ophthalmologist, orthoptist or optometrist can estimate the maximum improvement in a patient's vision that can be attained by lenses to correct errors of refraction. This can be used to distinguish visual defects caused by refractive error, which improve when the occluder is used, from other problems, which do not. The pinhole occluder can also be used in testing visual acuity in mydriatic patients. In this case, the pinhole occluder compensates for the inability to contract the iris assisting the eye in obtaining a retinal projection similar to that of a non-cycloplegic eye.
Squinting and looking through a tiny hole made with a finger works similarly to a pinhole occluder, by blocking light through the outer parts of the eye's lens. An improvised pinhole has a similar but better effect. The same principle has also been applied as an alternative to corrective lenses: a screen of pinholes is mounted on an eyeglass frame and worn as pinhole glasses.
Differential diagnosis:
* pinhole worsen vision: Macular diseases, central lens opacities
* Vision static with pinhole: Amblyopia
# Pilat (disambiguation)

Pilat is a surname in central Europe.
Pilat may also refer to:
* Mont Pilat, a mountainous area in the east of the Massif Central of France
* Pilat Regional Natural Park, a protected area of Mont Pilat in southeastern France
* "Pilat" (Maalaala Mo Kaya), an episode of the drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya
# Pinus tropicalis

Pinus tropicalis, the tropical pine, is a pine tree endemic to the western highlands of the island of Cuba.
# Pierpont Davis

Francis Pierpont Davis (December 27, 1884 – July 15, 1953) was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.
In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.
# Pilip

Pilip is a masculine given name, cognate to Philip.
It may refer to:
* Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin (fl. 1579–1590), Irish hereditary historian
* Pilip Vaitsiakhovich (born 1990), Belarusian football player
Pilip is also a surname of:
* Ivan Pilip (born 1963), Czech politician and economist
* Mazi Melesa Pilip, Ethiopian-born American politician
# Piscola

Piscola or Combinado Nacional (national mix) is a highball cocktail, made of pisco and most commonly a cola drink, that is popular in Chile. A piscola may be black or white depending if it is mixed with a cola or ginger ale, tonic, Sprite or a similar soft drink. The drink is prepared by filling a highball glass with ice and then adding pisco followed by the soft drink in a proportion ranging from 1:1 to 1:3. Sometimes slices of lemon or key lime may be added. In Chile, February 8 has been celebrated as the "day of the piscola" since 2003.
# Pilbara octava

Pilbara octava is a species of fly in the family Dolichopodidae from Australia, and the only member of the genus Pilbara. The genus is named after the Pilbara region of Western Australia, where P. octava was found. In particular, the only known location of P. octava is at Millstream, Fortescue River.
# Pilbara ground gecko

There are two species of gecko named Pilbara ground gecko:
* Lucasium woodwardi
* Lucasium wombeyi
# Pilo Peristeri

Pilo Peristeri (10 December 1909 – 5 August 2009) was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh).

## Biography

Peristeri was born in Korçë, at that time still part of the Ottoman Empire to an Albanian family of the Eastern Orthodox rite. Initially he worked as a tinsmith, and later as professional soccer player. He was involved with the Communist Group of Korçë, one of the earliest in Albania. He was one of the founding members of the Albanian Communist Party in 1941, and took an active part in World War II as a partisan of the National Liberation Movement (LANC). After the founding of the People's Republic of Albania on 11 January 1946, Peristeri was elected in the People's Assembly (Alb: Kuvendi Popullor) in 1950. He retained this membership until the eleventh legislative period which would end in 1991. He was a representative of the Pogradec District. In addition, he was a member of the Central Committee (CC) of the PPSh.
In 1951 he became the successor of Gogo Nushi as Chairman of the General Council of Albanian Trade Unions (Alb: Bashkimi Sindikal i Shqipërisë, BSSh).
At the 2nd Congress of the PPSh in April 1952, he became a candidate-member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania. He retained candidate membership within this highest body of the Party leadership until November 1981.
Peristeri was re-confirmed at the 4th Congress of BSSH in February 1955 as the Chairman of the General Council of Trade Unions. On June 22, 1958, he was succeeded by Gogo Nushi. Nevertheless, Peristeri himself remained a member of the Secretariat of BSSh and was also elected chairman of the Party Control Commission of the PPSh. On the 5th Congress of Trade Unions in April 1961, he succeeded as member of the Presidium of the General Council, but withdrew from the Secretariat.
In addition, he was temporarily Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly, and thus representative of President Haxhi Lleshi. Peristeri, which belonged to the inner circle of the so-called "old guard" of the party, was also a companion of Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the PPSh, and Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu during business trips in the country, as well as social events. He was disaffectedly called "Uncle Pilo" by the people.
After retiring from the Politburo, he remained together with Spiro Koleka and Haki Toska as Member of the Central Committee of the Party.
He was the brother-in-law of the Politburo member Manush Myftiu, and was related by marriage to the other Politburo member Rita Marko. He remained influential even after the fall of communism.
Peristeri was in charge of a tractor-production plant in Tirana.
# Falcine sinus

A falcine sinus is a venous channel that lies within the falx cerebri connecting the vein of Galen and the posterior part of superior sagittal sinus. It is normally present during fetal development and involutes after birth. The presence of a falcine sinus has been associated with a vein of Galen malformation and other vascular anomalies. The persistence of a falcine sinus after the neonatal period was previously thought to be rare, but has recently been described to be present in up to 5% of all people, appearings in approximately 2.1% of CT examinations of adult patients. Some authors have studied the plexus rather than the sinus, a rare form of the venous pathway between the layers of the cerebral falx, which connects the superior sagittal sinus with the inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus.
# Lynn Caine

Lynn Caine (1924–1987) was an American author and publishing agent at Little, Brown and Company from 1967 to 1976. She is best known for her best-selling book "Widow", published on May 29, 1974, about her experiences after the death from cancer of her husband Martin Caine in 1971. In this book, she also talked about couples getting financing and life insurance, something Caine did not have after her husband died and she also mentions how she once refused a partnership in a financial counseling deal because she was only offered 10 percent. It was adapted into a TV movie by Lorimar Productions and shown on NBC in 1976. She wrote three additional books; Lifelines (1978), What Did I Do Wrong? Mothers, Children, Guilt (1985), and Being A Widow (1988). Journalist Timothy Noah included Widow in his list of self-help books but criticized, calling it "mediocre". Contemporary Sociology said Widow " is very well known throughout America and it is a well written personal story of her experiences...".
She continued writing and lecturing until she died from cancer in 1987 at age 63. Before her death, she had published another book Book for Widow through Arbor House.
# Ashikaga Satouji

Ashikaga Satouji (足利 聡氏, 6 May 1857 - 1921?) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period who served as lord of the Kitsuregawa Domain (Shimotsuke Province). A direct descendant of the Ashikaga shōguns, Satouji had 5000 koku income and was a Tokugawa retainer, but had the de facto status of a daimyō of 100,000 koku-level income. Satouji became a viscount (子爵, shishaku) in the Meiji era; however, it is unknown when he died.
# Barrai, Berasia

Barrai is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Barrai has 156 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 62.76%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 719 | 371 | 348 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 131 | 74 | 57 |
| Scheduled caste | 148 | 75 | 73 |
| Scheduled tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literates | 369 | 222 | 147 |
| Workers (all) | 207 | 180 | 27 |
| Main workers (total) | 207 | 180 | 27 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 97 | 97 | 0 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 103 | 78 | 25 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 512 | 191 | 321 |
# Tandjouaré, Togo

Tandjouaré is a small town in northern Togo. It is the capital of the Tandjouaré prefecture and lies approximately 20 kilometres from the regional capital of Dapaong. The town lies in a heavily protected area of Togo in the southern part of Fosse aux Lions National Park, with Foret de Barkosassi to the southeast. It contains a library and a secondary school.
# Mandrem

Mandrem is a coastal village famous as a tourist spot in Pernem taluka in North Goa district of Goa state in India. It is 21 km from the capital Panaji.

## About

It has two main beaches: Junas and Ashvem.
The village has 11 wards.
Mandrem or Mandre, originally named as Manjrey, was converted to Mandrem by the Portuguese. The "D" is pronounced as "J" in Portuguese.

## Mandrem beach

Mandrem Beach is a white sand beach with clear water. The beach of Mandrem lies between the twin beaches of Morjim and Arambol. This beach is a quiet and peaceful beach. The beauty of Mandrem Beach is especially during the High Tide time when the seawater rushes into the Mandrem Creek or River. This Mandrem creek moves parallel to the waterline. Mandrem has a small fishing community and occasionally one might see local fishermen hauling their catch from the sea. The beach has been notified as a turtle nesting site under CRZ 2011.

## Government and politics

Mandrem is part of Mandrem (Goa Assembly constituency) and North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency).

## Notable residents

* Bhau Daji Lad – Sanskrit scholar, physician and antique collector. Born in Aska vaddo
* Vasudeorao V Manjrekar – Dean of Sir J J School of Art, Mumbai
* Jack de Souza – Violinist of the band Jack and his Jolly Boys. Later shifted to Bombay and became choir master at Andheri Church
* Manuel de Souza – Jack de Souza's nephew, he had expertise with the clarinet, flute, saxophone and the violin and later played for Bombay's film industry.
* Joaquim de Souza – Manuel de Souza's younger brother, a musician
* Andre Gregorio Britto – Trumpeter who was a student of Jack de Souza
* Anurag Mhamal – Goa’s first chess international master
# Elise von Hopffgarten

Elise Hermine von Hopffgarten, née Hennoch (January 29, 1869 in Altenburg-after 1937) was a German author and founder of the Deutschen Pfadfinderbundes für junge Mädchen. On January 14, 1912, the Deutschen Pfadfinderbundes für junge Mädchen was founded at the instigation of Maximilian Bayer, in which several Scout groups existent since 1908, some of which previously were attached to the Wandervogel, merged. Hopffgarten was elected by the Assembly in the Pestalozzi-Fröbel-Haus to be the first chairman and held that position until 1922. In this role, she was editor of the club magazine and made numerous lecture tours around Germany, to promote Scouting. By mid-1914, the organization had 6,200 members. In 1915 the organization launched the Kriegsgarten "war gardens", in which children were taught horticulture and were fed.
In February 1912, Bayer, Alexander Lion, and Carl Freiherr von Seckendorff assisted Elise von Hopffgarten in authoring "Pfadfinderbuch für junge Mädchen" (A Scout Book for Girls). In its effort to make young women more independent, it was free from patriotic or religious sentiment, and contained references to the women's movement.
# Elise Zipkin

Elise F. Zipkin is a Red Cedar Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. She is also the Director of the Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior (EEB) Program there. Her research in quantitative ecology focuses on understanding the distribution and abundance of biodiversity in response to environmental factors, including climate change and other types of natural and human disturbance.

## Education

Zipkin graduated from Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati, OH. She received B.S. degrees in mathematics and applied ecology from the University of Michigan in 2003 and an M.S. in natural resources from Cornell University in 2008. In 2012, Zipkin completed her Ph.D. in biology at the University of Maryland under the guidance of William Fagan and J. Andrew Royle. Her dissertation was on the development and application of hierarchical models to study the dynamics of animal populations and communities.

## Career

Zipkin worked as a quantitative ecologist for the United States Geological Survey from 2008-2013 and was a fellow at the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis from 2012-2013. She joined the Department of Integrative Biology at Michigan State University in 2014, becoming a Red Cedar Distinguished Professor in 2024. In 2020, Zipkin was named the director of the EEB Program at MSU. Zipkin served as the chair of the Statistical Ecology Section of the Ecological Society of America from 2017-2018. She has been a subject matter editor at the Journal of Animal Ecology since 2019 and the statistical report editor at Ecology since 2023.

## Research

Zipkin’s research aims to understand, predict, and protect biodiversity in a changing world. The statistical models developed by Zipkin and her team have been used to reveal factors contributing to monarch butterfly declines, the cascading effects of amphibian die-offs from the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and the role that wildlife conservation can play in reversing declines of endangered species. She has contributed to the open science movement by publishing reproducible software code for her projects since 2014, and by sharing the process of transparency with other scientists.

## Awards

Zipkin was named an Early Career Fellow by the Ecological Society of America in 2017 for “outstanding contributions to the fields of applied ecology and conservation biology through her work developing hierarchical statistical models to assess the trajectories, dynamics, and optimal management of wildlife populations and communities”. In 2022, she was awarded a fellowship from the Fulbright Program to work with colleagues at Tel Aviv University to build statistical modeling capacity in the biological sciences in Israel. Zipkin received the International Recognition of Professional Excellence Prize from the International Ecology Institute in 2023, with the awards jury stating: "She has substantially contributed to new analytical frameworks for quantifying organism abundance in time and space, measuring community diversity, and improving how ecologists combine information to create models for the management of threatened and harvested species.”
# Elijah ben Moses Gershon Zahalon

Elijah ben Moses Gershon Ẓahalon of Pinczow was an eighteenth-century Jewish Talmudist, mathematician and physician living in Pińczów, Russian Poland.
In 1758 he published Ma'aneh Eliyahu, novellae on Baba Meẓi'a and Beẓah, decisions, and responsa. That same year he published Ir Ḥeshbon, on arithmetic and algebra, the first part of his most notable mathematical work, Meleket Maḥshebet. The second part, Berure Middot, on geometry, would be published in 1765.
He also wrote Hadrat Eliyahu (1786), ten homilies on Talmudic subjects, Nibḥar me-Ḥaruẓ, a compendium of Joseph Albo's Iḳḳarim in the form of dialogues, and edited She' elot u-Teshubot Geone Batra'e (1795), a collection of responsa of Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, Joel Sirkes, Joshua Falk, and others.
# Bob Carlton

Bob Carlton (23 June 1950 – 18 January 2018) was an English theatre director and writer. He is best known for creating and directing the jukebox musical Return to the Forbidden Planet, which won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical in both 1989 and 1990 and has been produced in many different countries around the world.
Carlton's hit musical combined rock'n'roll songs with some dialogue found in the works of William Shakespeare – primarily The Tempest – plus original action and dialogue adapting the plot and characters from Forbidden Planet, the 1956 science fiction film that play inspired. He also employed parts of this formula in 1984 with From A Jack To A King, a similar jukebox musical adaptation of Macbeth with dialogue written in iambic pentameter.
Carlton wrote several other plays and directed episodes of the television soap operas Brookside and Emmerdale Farm and the children's series Streetwise.
He was born in Coventry and attended King Henry VIII School, read drama at the University of Hull and, after graduation, won an Arts Council Trainee Director's Bursary to the Belgrade Theatre in his hometown of Coventry. He was later associate director at the Dukes Playhouse, Lancaster and York Theatre Royal before becoming artistic director of the London Bubble Theatre Company, a post he held from 1979 until 1983. It was during this time that he created and first staged Return to the Forbidden Planet.
From 1997 to 2014 he was the artistic director of the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch. On 17 September 2014, it was announced that he was stepping down from the position to focus on his writing.
It was announced on 19 January 2018 that he had died from cancer the previous day.
# Boarding (ice hockey)

Boarding in ice hockey is a penalty called when an offending player pushes, trips or checks an opposing player violently into the boards (walls) of the hockey rink.
In ice hockey, the boarding call is often a major penalty due to the likelihood of injury sustained by the player who was boarded, and officials have the discretion to call a game misconduct or a match penalty (if they feel the offense was a deliberate attempt to injure) on the offending player. However, in the North American professional ice hockey league, the NHL, if a major penalty is assessed and the boarded player sustains a head or facial injury, the offending player receives an automatic game misconduct. If no injury is sustained, then a minor penalty will be called. In college ice hockey, the player does not need to be injured for it to be a major penalty. Boarding is usually assessed against a player when the opposing player is hit 4–5 feet away from the boards and hits one's head against the boards on the way down.