OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Breed

The American Breed is an American bovid hybrid of cattle with a small percentage of American Bison blood. It was developed in the 1950s by a New Mexico rancher looking for beef cattle which could survive on poor fodder in the arid Southwest.
It is one of the few cattle breeds with any known Bison influence, another being the Beefalo. Art Jones, the original breeder, began by crossing Hereford, Shorthorn and Charolais, and later added extensive crosses with Brahman and Bison. All individuals of this rare breed display the genetic marker for Bison ancestry.
In 2007, its conservation status was unknown.$^{:125}$ A breed society was established in 1976; in 2016, it was inactive.$^{:105}$
# American International School of N'Djamena

The American International School of N'Djamena (AISN) was a small international school in the Chadian capital, N'Djamena. It was an independent coeducational day school which offered an American-style educational program from prekindergarten through grade 8. The school was a non-profit association, governed by a six-member School Board composed of four AISN parents elected by the association, and two representatives of the U.S. Embassy. In 2008, the school shut down in fear of impending war.
At the beginning of the 2004–2005 school year, enrollment was 35, with seven full-time and three part-time professional staff members.

## Curriculum

The curriculum is that of U.S. academic Pre-K – 8 schools. AISN graduates are prepared for further study at U.S. or other American-style international college preparatory schools. Instruction is offered primarily in English. A dual French program is also offered, which serves the needs of "Native French Speaking" (NFS) students and "French as a Foreign Language" (FSL) students separately.

## Facilities

The school is located in the "Esso" neighborhood of N'Djamena. In addition to seven classrooms and two administrative offices, there is outdoor sports equipment including badminton and volleyball nets and equipment, a basketball court, soccer goal, and a tetherball set, a playground with two jungle gyms, a 2,000-volume library and a snack-bar/recreation room. All indoor facilities are air conditioned.

## Finances

School income derives primarily from tuition and related fees. In addition, there is a once-only capital levy.
# List of Oriente Petrolero seasons

This is a list of all seasons played by Oriente Petrolero in Bolivian and South American football, from their inaugural season in 1956 Oriente Petrolero season to their last completed season. It details their record in every major competition entered, as well as the top goalscorers for each season. Top scorers in bold were also the top scorers in the English league that season.
The club have won every major domestic honour, and have never been relegated to Second Division. In total, Oriente Petrolero have won five League Championships (the Copa Simón Bolívar and its successor, La Liga), two Aerosur Cups, one Playoffs and eleven Santa Cruz Association Championships. The club have also won various lesser honours, including one Cuadrangular Internacional del Peru.
# American Public School Endowments

The American Public School Endowments, or APSE, is a national outgrowth of The Acadiana Educational Endowment, based in Lafayette, Louisiana.
APSE distributes funds generated from its nonprofit bookstore booksXYZ.com, writes grants, and seeks to build collaboration with news and Internet media, and other nonprofit organizations, to improve education across the United States. One of its current foci is bringing open-source technologies into schools.

## Related links

* The Acadiana Educational Endowment
* The American Public School Endowments
* booksXYZ.com
# List of Phillips Academy heads of school

This is a complete list of the principals of Phillips Academy since its founding in 1778. From 1778 to 1928, the title was "Principal". In the year 1928, the name was changed to "Headmaster", and finally with the appointment of Barbara Landis Chase, the title was changed to "Head of School".
| No. | Image | Head of School | Accessus | Exitus |
| 1 | | Eliphalet Pearson, LL.D. | 1778 | 1786 |
| 2 | | Ebenezer Pemberton, A.M. | 1786 | 1793 |
| 3 | | Mark Newman, A.M. | 1795 | 1809 |
| 4 | | John Adams, A.M., LL.D. | 1810 | 1833 |
| 5 | | Osgood Johnson, A.M. | 1833 | 1837 |
| 6 | | Samuel Harvey Taylor, LL.D. | 1837 | 1871 |
| 7 | | Frederic W. Tilton, A.M. | 1871 | 1873 |
| 8 | | Cecil Bancroft, PH.D., L.H.D., LL.D. | 1873 | 1901 |
| 9 | | Alfred Stearns, LITT.D., L.H.D., LL.D. | 1903 | 1933 |
| 10 | | Claude Fuess, PH.D., LITT.D., L.H.D., LL.D. | 1933 | 1948 |
| 11 | | John M. Kemper, L.H.D., LITT.D., LL.D. | 1948 | 1971 |
| 12 | – | Theodore Sizer, PH.D., PED.D., LITT.D. | 1972 | 1981 |
| 13 | – | Donald McNemar | 1981 | 1994 |
| 14 | – | Barbara Landis Chase | 1994 | 2012 |
| 15 | | John Palfrey | 2012 | 2019 |
| 16 | | Raynard S. Kington | 2020 | current |
# Amethystea

Amethystea is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described for modern science by Linnaeus in 1753. It has only one known species, Amethystea caerulea, commonly known as blue amethystea. It is native to China, Japan, Korea, Central Asia (Tibet, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan), and parts of Russia (Altai, Chita, Irkutsk, Buryatiya, Primorye).
# Amiens–Rouen railway

The railway from Amiens to Rouen is a French 114-kilometre long railway line, that connects Amiens to Rouen. It was opened in 1867. The line was electrified on 27 August 1984 at 25 kW 50 Hz, and was equipped with the restrained permissivity automatic blocking system, which since the 1990s has offered increasingly unsatisfactory operating conditions with respect to the increasing mixed passenger and goods traffic on the line.

## Route

The Amiens–Rouen railway begins near the Saint-Roch (Somme) station in Amiens, where it branches off the railway from Amiens to Boulogne. It runs in generally southwestern direction, passing through Poix-de-Picardie, Abancourt and Serqueux until it reaches its terminus in Rouen.
A branch line from Montérolier-Buchy station to Saint-Saëns has been closed and removed.

### Main stations

The main stations on the Amiens–Rouen railway are:
* Amiens station
* Abancourt station
* Serqueux station
* Rouen-Rive-Droite station

## Use

One of the peculiarities of this line is the role of freight traffic, which is far more important than passenger traffic. In 1992–93, this line saw transport of 8,000 tonnes of goods daily, 60% of it in the Amiens - Rouen direction. The importance of the freight traffic is explained by the industrial importance of the two regions linked by the line and in particular by the ports of Rouen and Le Havre at the Rouen end. On the other hand, passenger demand is not strong but tends to be focussed by the express TER Rouen - Amiens - Arras - Douai - Lille axis.
The Amiens–Rouen railway is used by TER Hauts-de-France and TER Normandie regional passenger services on the whole line. The typical daily service (2019) sees five passenger trains in each direction, two of which are extended to/from Lille.
# List of Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan (Kōchi)

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
This list is of the Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan located within the Prefecture of Kōchi.

## National Places of Scenic Beauty

As of 1 September 2019, three Places have been designated at a national level.
| Site | Municipality | Comments | Coordinates | Type |
| Cape Muroto 室戸岬 Muroto-misaki | Muroto | in Muroto-Anan Kaigan Quasi-National Park | 33°15′12″N 134°10′39″E﻿ / ﻿33.25330064°N 134.17749429°E﻿ / 33.25330064; 134.17749429﻿ (Cape Muroto) | 8 |
| Chikurin-ji Gardens 竹林寺庭園 Chikurinji teien | Kōchi | Temple 31 on the Shikoku pilgrimage | 33°32′48″N 133°34′38″E﻿ / ﻿33.54677448°N 133.57725782°E﻿ / 33.54677448; 133.57725782﻿ (Chikurinji Gardens) | 1 |
| Irino Matsubara 入野松原 Irino-matsubara | Kuroshio | | 33°01′18″N 133°00′48″E﻿ / ﻿33.02154209°N 133.01325984°E﻿ / 33.02154209; 133.01325984﻿ (Irino Matsubara) | 3, 8 |

## Prefectural Places of Scenic Beauty

As of 1 May 2019, seven Places have been designated at a prefectural level.
| Site | Municipality | Coordinates |
| Tatsukushi 竜串 Tatsukushi | Tosashimizu | 32°47′10″N 132°51′57″E﻿ / ﻿32.785985°N 132.865820°E﻿ / 32.785985; 132.865820﻿ (Tatsukushi) |
| Ōdaru Falls 大樽の滝 Ōdaru-no-taki | Ochi | 33°31′17″N 133°14′34″E﻿ / ﻿33.521254°N 133.242788°E﻿ / 33.521254; 133.242788﻿ (Ōdaru Falls) |
| Kotogahama Matsubara 琴ヶ浜松原 Kotogahama-matsubara | Geisei | 33°31′03″N 133°48′14″E﻿ / ﻿33.517569°N 133.803992°E﻿ / 33.517569; 133.803992﻿ (Kotogahama Matsubara) |
| Seigen-ji Gardens 青源寺庭園 Seigenji teien | Sakawa | 33°29′50″N 133°17′17″E﻿ / ﻿33.497208°N 133.288053°E﻿ / 33.497208; 133.288053﻿ (Seigenji Gardens) |
| Jōdai-ji Gardens 乗台寺庭園 Jōdaiji teien | Sakawa | 33°30′10″N 133°17′05″E﻿ / ﻿33.502737°N 133.284674°E﻿ / 33.502737; 133.284674﻿ (Jōdaiji Gardens) |
| Todoro Falls 轟の滝 Todoro-no-taki | Kami | 33°42′43″N 133°50′03″E﻿ / ﻿33.711953°N 133.834248°E﻿ / 33.711953; 133.834248﻿ (Todoro Falls) |
| Nagasawa Falls 長沢の滝 Nagasawa-no-taki | Tsuno, Yusuhara | 33°25′51″N 132°59′44″E﻿ / ﻿33.430725°N 132.995532°E﻿ / 33.430725; 132.995532﻿ (Nagasawa Falls) |

## Municipal Places of Scenic Beauty

As of 1 May 2019, thirteen Places have been designated at a municipal level.
# Amimos

Amimos is a settlement in Kenya's Nyanza Province.
# American Cinematographer Manual

The American Cinematographer Manual is a filmmaking manual published by the American Society of Cinematographers. Covering lighting, lenses, and film emulsions, it is considered “an authoritative technical reference manual for cinematographers.” The manual also defines the cinematography profession.

## Publishing history

The first version was published in 1935 by Jackson J. Rose [fr] as The American Cinematographer Hand Book and Reference Guide. That handbook went through nine editions (1935, '38, '39, '42, '46, '47, '50, '53, '56) before it evolved into the American Cinematographer Manual. The first edition of the Manual was published in 1960. The book is now in its tenth edition (2015). The eleventh edition was announced on January 14, 2022 to be available in late March 2022.
* 1960 October, First Edition (blue cover), ed. Joseph V. Mascelli, 484 pages.
* 1966 September, Second Edition (maroon cover), ed. Joseph V. Mascelli, 628 pages.
* 1969, Third Edition (brown cover), ed. Arthur C. Miller and Walter Strenge, 652 pages.
* 1973, Fourth Edition (black cover), ed. Charles G. Clarke and Walter Strenge, 658 pages.
* 1980, Fifth Edition (black cover), ed. Charles G. Clarke, 628 pages.
* 1986, Sixth Edition (red cover), ed. Fred H. Detmers, 440 pages.
* 1993, Seventh Edition (green cover, paperback), ed. Dr. Rod Ryan, 618 pages.
* 2001, Eighth Edition (blue cover), ed. Rob Hummel, 972 pages.
* 2004, Ninth Edition (black cover), ed. Stephen H. Burum, ASC, 919 pages.
* 2013, Tenth Edition, revised 2015 (maroon cover, paperback), ed. Michael Goi, ASC. 2 volumes: vol. 1, 504 pages; vol. 2, 582 pages.
* 2023, Eleventh Edition (green cover, hardbound), ed. M. David Mullen, ASC, Rob Hummel, ASC associate member, 685 pages.

## Awards

In 2002, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences presented an Award of Commendation to the American Society of Cinematographers for its ongoing publication of the American Cinematographer Manual. Richard Edlund, chair of the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee, said, "Over the years, the ASC has continued to provide commentary on up-to-date technologies from leading experts in the field of cinematography."
# Ammara Butt

Ammara Butt is a Pakistani television actress. She is known for her role as Komal in Ranjha Ranjha Kardi (2018). She made her debut as a lead actress in A-Plus TV's Hoor Pari (2019). Her other appearances include Meherbaan (2017), De Ijazat (2018), Aakhri Station (2018) and Ajnabi Lage Zindagi (2019).

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Refs |
| 2017 | Teen Kahani | | Hum Sitaray | Lead Role |
| 2017 | Meherbaan | Mehru | A Plus TV | Lead Role |
| 2018 | De Ijazat | Soha | Hum TV | Lead Role |
| 2018 | Aakhri Station | Gul Meena | ARY Digital | Lead Role |
| 2018 | Main Woh Aur Main | | PTV Home | Lead Role |
| 2018–19 | Ranjha Ranjha Kardi | Komal | Hum TV | Lead Role |
| 2018–19 | Hoor Pari | Durdana | A-Plus TV | Lead Role |
| 2019 | Ajnabi Lage Zindagi | Zoha | LTN Family | Lead Role |
| 2017 | Apnay | | See TV | Lead Role |
| 2017 | Jaltay Khuwab | | A Plus | Second Lead |
# Amite

Amite may refer to:
* Amite City, Louisiana, town in and the parish seat of Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, US
* Amite County, Mississippi, county in the state of Mississippi
* Amite River, tributary of Lake Maurepas in Mississippi and Louisiana in the US
# Amphisbatinae

The Amphisbatinae was a small subfamily of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Like their relatives therein, their exact relationships are not yet very well resolved. The present lineage is often included in the Depressariinae as a tribe Amphisbatini, though more often within the context of a "splitting" approach to Gelechioidea systematics and taxonomy, wherein the Depressariinae are elevated to full family rank and the Amphisbatinae are treated as a subfamily therein. An even more extremely split-up layout even treats the Amphisbatinae as full family Amphisbatidae. In the scheme used here, the Amphisbatinae are included in the Oecophoridae as a subfamily alongside the Depressariinae.
That nonwithstanding, the delimitation of Amphisbatinae versus the Depressariinae and Oecophorinae is problematic, and several individual genera have been moved from one to the other. As regards subdivisions, the Amphisbatinae are commonly divided into the tribes Amphisbatini, Fuchsiini, Hypercalliini and Telechrysidini. But neither are these subdivisions as firmly delimited as it might seem, nor are they particularly diverse (several Amphisbatinae taxa are monotypic). Thus, the Amphisbatinae are here not divided into tribes pending the availability of more thorough phylogenetic studies and better information on the subfamily's scope and relationships.
More recently, it was discovered that the enigmatic genus Lypusa, traditionally held to be a monotypic family of Tineoidea, is closely related to Amphisbatis and Pseudatemelia. The name for the combined group is to be determined.

## Selected genera

Genera of Amphisbatinae include:
* Amphisbatis Zeller, 1870
* Anchinia Hübner, 1825 (Oecophorinae?)
* Eupragia Walsingham, 1911
* Fuchsia Spuler, 1910
* Hypercallia Stephens, 1829 (Oecophorinae?)
* Paratemelia
* Pseudatemelia
* Telechrysis Toll, 1956 (Oecophorinae?)

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Wikispecies (2008-SEP-06), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2009)
* ↑ Heikkilä, Maria (2009). "Reassessment of the enigmatic Lepidopteran family Lypusidae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea; Gelechioidea)". Systematic Entomology. 35: 71–89. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00483.x. S2CID 84025464.
# Amphisbetia

Amphisbetia is a genus of hydrozoa in the family Sertulariidae described by L. Agassiz in 1862 based on the type species Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus, 1758), which was originally designated as Sertularia operculata by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

## Species

As of August 2023 there are 31 accepted species in the genus.
* Amphisbetia avia Watson, 1975
* Amphisbetia bicuspidata (Lamarck, 1816)
* Amphisbetia bidens (Bale, 1884)
* Amphisbetia bispinosa (Gray, 1843)
* Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus, 1758) (type)
# Amsterdam criteria

The Amsterdam criteria are a set of diagnostic criteria used by doctors to help identify families which are likely to have Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
The Amsterdam criteria arose as a result of a meeting of the International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer in Amsterdam, in 1990. Following this, some of the genetic mechanisms underlying Lynch syndrome were elucidated during the 1990s and the significance of tumours outside the colon, such as those of the endometrium, small intestine and ureter, became clearer. These changes in the knowledge of the syndrome lead to a revision of the Amsterdam criteria and were published in Gastroenterology journal in 1999.

## Criteria

The initial Amsterdam criteria were a series of clinical criteria that were colloquially known as the 3-2-1 rule. They were formulated to serve as a common starting point for future research into the genetics underlying the disease. The criteria were as follows:
* At least 3 relatives with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer, 1 of whom is a first degree relative of the other 2; familial adenomatous polyposis should be excluded;
* At least 2 successive generations involved;
* At least 1 of the cancers diagnosed before age 50.
These criteria were found to be too strict and were expanded to include the associated non-colorectal cancers in 1998. These were called the Amsterdam II clinical criteria for families with Lynch syndrome.
Each of the following criteria must be fulfilled:
* 3 or more relatives with an associated cancer (colorectal cancer, or cancer of the endometrium, small intestine, ureter or renal pelvis);
* 2 or more successive generations affected;
* 1 or more relatives diagnosed before the age of 50 years;
* 1 should be a first-degree relative of the other two;
* Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) should be excluded in cases of colorectal carcinoma;
* Tumors should be verified by pathologic examination.

## Alternatives

In 1997, the National Cancer Institute published a set of recommendations called the Bethesda guidelines for the identification of individuals who should receive genetic testing for Lynch syndrome related tumors. The NCI revisited and revised these criteria in 2004.
The Revised Bethesda Guidelines are as follows:
* Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) diagnosed in a patient who is less than 50 years old;
* Presence of synchronous (at the same time) or metachronous (at another time i.e.- a re-occurrence of) CRC or other Lynch syndrome-associated tumors, regardless of age;
* CRC with high microsatellite instability histology diagnosed in a patient less than 60 years old;
* CRC diagnosed in one or more first-degree relatives with a Lynch syndrome-associated tumor, with one of the cancers being diagnosed at less than 50 years of age;
* CRC diagnosed in two or more first-degree or second-degree relatives with Lynch syndrome-associated tumors, regardless of age.
The Revised Bethesda Guidelines have been reported as being more sensitive than the Amsterdam II Criteria in detecting individuals and families at risk of Lynch syndrome.
# Amsden, Ohio

Amsden is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, Seneca County, Ohio, United States. The community is served by the Fostoria (44830) post office.

## History

Amsden had its start when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office called Amsden was established in 1874, and remained in operation until 2002.
# América Dourada

América Dourada is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.
# Ana Ndala Fernando

Ana Paula Inês Luís Ndala Fernando is an Angolan politician for the MPLA and a member of the National Assembly of Angola.
# Agénor

Agénor is both a masculine French given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Agénor Bardoux (1829–1897), French politician
* Agénor de Gasparin (1810–1871), French politician and writer
* Agénor Azéma de Montgravier (1805–1863), French archaeologist and soldier
* Ronald Agénor (born 1964), Haitian tennis player
# Ahmad Ramadan

Ahmad Ramadan is the former 'Director of Information Office of Muammar Gaddafi', until Tripoli was taken by anti-Gaddafi forces during the Libyan Civil War. He was captured by the opposition fighters and is one of the highest Gaddafi-era officials in prison. His nickname was "Black Box".
After the death of Muammar Gaddafi in October 2010, he gave information on the fate of murdered Lebanese cleric Musa Sadr, saying he was "liquidated" and naming the cleric's killers.
# Faculty of Theology, Aligarh Muslim University

The Faculty of Theology is a part of Aligarh Muslim University. The faculty has two departments, Sunni Theology and Shia Theology.

## History

The Faculty of Theology is one of the oldest faculties of Aligarh Muslim University. Abdullah Ansari, son-in-law of Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi, the founder of Darul Uloom Deoband, was appointed first Nazime-e-Deeniyat.
Aligarh Muslim University is the only Indian university to have distinct departments for Sunni and Shia theology. These two departments not only provide teaching and research facilities but also manage the religious life of the campus. The two are regarded as a living manifestation of Sir Syed's vision of Muslim unity and brotherhood.
Abdul Lateef Rahmani, Syed Sulaiman Ashraf, Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, Ali Naqi Naqvi, Kazim Naqvi, Hafeezullah, Muhammad Taqi Amini, Mujtaba Hasan Kamoonpuri, Fazlur Rahman Ginnori, Kalbe Abid and other scholars have served in this faculty.
Historians including Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi have been members of the faculty.

### Role of Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi

Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi was appointed the dean of the Faculty of Theology in 1958. He transformed a mediocre faculty, both academically and administratively, and brought it on par with the other faculties of the university. His efforts introduced the faculty to postgraduate classes, PhD in the Faculty of Theology, is also the result of his efforts. Rizwanullah did his doctorate on Anwar Shah Kashmiri under him, and it was first ever PhD thesis Akbarabadi had supervised in AMU, it was published by the university in 1974.
# Falciform ligament

In human anatomy, the falciform ligament (from Latin 'sickle-shaped') is a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall and divides the liver into the left lobe and right lobe. The falciform ligament is a broad and thin fold of peritoneum, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and forward. It droops down from the hilum of the liver.

## Structure

The falciform ligament stretches obliquely from the front to the back of the abdomen, with one surface in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus abdominis muscle and the diaphragm, and the other in contact with the left lobe of the liver.
The ligament stretches from the underside of the diaphragm to the posterior surface of the sheath of the right rectus abdominis muscle, as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface.
It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together.
Its base or free edge contains, between its layers, the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins.

### Development

It is a remnant of the embryonic ventral mesentery. The umbilical vein of the fetus gives rise to the round ligament of liver in the adult, which is found in the free border of the falciform ligament.

## Clinical significance

The falciform ligament can become canalized if an individual is suffering from portal hypertension. Due to the increase in venous congestion, blood is pushed down from the liver towards the anterior abdominal wall and if blood pools here, will result in dilatation of veins around the umbilicus. If these veins radiate out from the umbilicus, they can give the appearance of a head (the umbilicus) with hair of snakes (the veins) – this is referred to as caput medusae.

## Additional images

* Cross-section showing the primitive mesentery of a six weeks' human embryo
* Cross-section showing folds of peritoneum in the upper abdomen
* A cadaver liver seen from above, showing the falciform ligament at the top
# Barchatus

Barchatus is a genus of toadfish native to the western Indian Ocean, Somalia and the Red Sea.

## Species

There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus:
* Barchatus cirrhosus Klunzinger, 1871
* Barchatus indicus D. W. Greenfield, 2014