OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Egell

Johann Paul Egell (April 9, 1691-Berlin, January 10, 1752) was a German sculptor and plasterer (stucco artist).
He was a pupil of Permoser in Dresden . In 1721 he was made court sculptor in Mannheim by Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine. In 1734-1735, Egell worked on behalf of the princes Anselm Franz von Thurn und Taxis in the construction of Palais Thurn und Taxis in Frankfurt. The Baroque city castle was destroyed by 1944 aerial bombing during World War II. Fragments remain. Of his works still remaining are stucco reliefs in the Mannheim Palace, masks at the Castle Hotel, pediment reliefs on the Castle Church and the Jesuit church, and design of the local silver Madonna and of the organ. Shortly before Egell’s death he had completed the design for the Chinese Pavilion in Oggersheim. It was completed by his son Augustin Egell. Among his pupils was Ignaz Günther. Egell was replaced in 1752 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt.
# Yú Prefecture

Yúzhou or Yú Prefecture (Chinese: 渝州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China located in modern Chongqing, China. It existed (intermittently) from 581 to 1102, when its name was changed to Gong Prefecture.

## Geography

The administrative region of Yu Prefecture in the Tang dynasty is in modern southwestern Chongqing. It probably includes parts of modern:
* Chongqing
* Jiangjin District
* Bishan District
* Yongchuan District
# Yörüklü, Sungurlu

Yörüklü is a village in the Sungurlu District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 254 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
# Yörükler, Çine

Yörükler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 147 (2022).

## History

While it was previously a village as an administrative division, it became a neighbourhood after the law change in 2012.
# Yuka (mammoth)

Yuka is the best-preserved woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) carcass ever found. It was discovered by local Siberian tusk hunters in August 2010. They turned it over to local scientists, who made an initial assessment of the carcass in 2012. It is displayed in Moscow.

## Discovery

The mammoth was found along the Oyogos Yar coast of the Dmitry Laptev Strait, approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) west of the mouth of the Kondratievo River, Siberia (72° 40′ 49.44″ N, 142° 50′ 38.35″) in the region of the Laptev Sea. Yuka is a juvenile female natural mummy that was found near and named after the village of Yukagir, whose local people discovered it. This mammoth mummy was found as an overhanging ledge about 4 meters (13 ft) above the beach level in a low wave-cut bluff that was about 5 meters (16 ft) high.
The north-facing bluff was composed of loess that forms part of a rich Late Pleistocene fossil-bearing yedoma exposed by coastal erosion. The yedoma consists of ice-rich silts and silty sand penetrated by large ice wedges, resulting from sedimentation and syngenetic freezing. AMS-dating of a fragment of Yuka's rib from these deposits yielded a radiocarbon date of 34,300+260/−240 14C (GrA-53289). This date corresponds to the termination of Marine Isotope Stage 3, which is also called the Middle Weichselian, Kargin or Molotkov Interstadial.

## Research and analysis

After its discovery, Yuka spent two years stored and preserved in a natural refrigerator, the local permafrost ('lednik'), at Yukagir. At that time, a team led by Semyon Grigoriev from the Lazarev Mammoth Museum (North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk) arrived to study these mummified remains. By then, more than 100 meters (330 ft) of the low bluff had washed away. From Yukagir, the Yuka mammoth was transported to the Sakha Academy of Sciences in Yakutsk. Since October 2014, the mammoth has been on display in Moscow and is regarded as being the best preserved Siberian mammoth discovered thus far.
An analysis of the teeth and tusks determined Yuka to be approximately 6–8 years old when it died. Although it is presumed that this mammoth had most likely been attacked by lions or other predators, evidence that the predators had killed the mammoth was not found.
In March 2019, a Japanese research team led by Kazuo Yamagata, a biologist at Kindai University, worked with Yuka's tissue. Yamagata's team reported that they were able to stimulate nucleus-like structures to perform some biological processes. However, they could not activate cell division.
# Paul Singer (American football)

Paul Singer (born March 18, 1966) is an American former professional football quarterback who played college football at Western Illinois University. While at Western Illinois Singer was the Gateway Conference Player of the Year and the AFCA National Player of the Year runner-up. In 1988 Singer led Western Illinois to its first ever 10 win season, the Gateway Conference Championship and a number 2 national ranking. When Singers' college career ended he was the 9th all-time passing yardage leader in the history of college football. He was the First Team quarterback of the Walter Camp All-American team in 1988, and an AP All-American quarterback. Paul was also a GTE and NCAA Academic All-American, and the recipient of the prestigious NCAA Post-Graduate Scholarship. The Gateway Conference named Singer as quarterback of their All-Decade Team, and he also was selected as a quarterback on the national Division 1-AA (now called FCS) All-Decade Team. At Fort Knox High School Singer led his team to a perfect 15–0 season, and was named All-State and Adidas All-American. He also starred in basketball and baseball in high school. "The Slinger" was drafted in the 1989 NFL draft and played for the Atlanta Falcons and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In 1991 he was drafted in the second round of the World League of American Football draft and played for the San Antonio Riders and the Birmingham Fire. He also played in the Arena Football League with the Tampa Bay Storm and Orlando Predators.
# Yulin

Yulin may refer to the following places in China:

## Cities and prefectures

* Yulin, Guangxi (玉林市), a prefecture-level city in Guangxi
* Yulin, Shaanxi (榆林市), a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi
* Yulin Prefecture (鬱林州), a prefecture between the 7th and 20th centuries in modern Guangxi

## Subdistricts

* Yulin Subdistrict, Fushun (榆林街道), in Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning
* Yulin Subdistrict, Chengdu (玉林街道), in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan
* Yulin Subdistrict, Xinchang County (羽林街道), in Xinchang County, Zhejiang

## Towns

* Yulin, Lanxi County (榆林镇), in Lanxi County, Heilongjiang
* Yulin, Inner Mongolia (榆林镇), in Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia
* Yulin, Jilin (榆林镇), in Ji'an, Jilin
* Yulin, Sichuan (玉林镇), in Santai County, Sichuan

## Townships

* Yulin Township, Chongqing (鱼鳞乡), in Wuxi County, Chongqing
* Yulin Township, Gansu (榆林乡), in Linxia County, Gansu
* Yulin Township, Heilongjiang (育林乡), in Mingshui County, Heilongjiang
* Yulin Township, Xuchang (榆林乡), in Xuchang, Henan
* Yulin Township, Xinxiang (榆林乡), in Yanjin County, Henan

## Other

* Yulin Caves
* Yulin Naval Base (榆林海军基地)
* Harris Yulin (American actor, born 1937)
# Yulin, Sichuan

Yulin (Chinese: 玉林; pinyin: Yùlín) is a town under the administration of Santai County, Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and nine villages under its administration.
# Yürükkaracaören, Bolvadin

Yürükkaracaören is a village in the Bolvadin District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 284 (2021).
# Zaven Khatchaturian

Dr. Zaven Khachaturian is a neuroscientist and Alzheimer's disease researcher.
Khachaturian previously worked for the National Institute on Aging. He was named the editor of the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia.
# Pavitt

Pavitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Pavitt (1920–1989), British footballer
* Bruce Pavitt (born 1959), American businessman
* James Pavitt (born 1946), American intelligence official
* Keith Pavitt (1937–2002), British academic
* Laurie Pavitt (1914–1989), British politician
* Ron Pavitt (1926–1988), British athlete
# Zeuxippus atellanus

Zeuxippus atellanus is a spider species of the jumping spider family, Salticidae. It is found in Burma.
# Paula (1876 barque)

Paula was a barque built in 1876 in Hammelwarden, Germany.
She participated in a Deutsche Seewarte [de] experiment investigating ocean currents by means of distributing messages in bottles. A bottle dropped by Paula in the Indian Ocean in 1886 was discovered in January 2018 north of Wedge Island, Western Australia.

## Description

Paula was 38.48 metres (126 ft 3 in) long with a beam of 8.31 metres (27 ft 3 in). She had a depth of 4.95 metres (16 ft 3 in) and a draught of 4.88 metres (16 ft 0 in). She was assessed at 51556⁄94 tons bom, 533 GRT. She was rigged as a barque.

## History

Paula was built in April 1876 at the Lüring Yard, Hammelwarden, Germany for A Schiff & Co. The Code Letters NFKG and German Official Number 4277 were allocated. Her port of registry was Elsfleth. Paula was last listed in the American shipping registers in 1890. She was not listed in 1891.

### Message in a bottle find

On 12 June 1886, a message in a bottle was dropped from Paula during a voyage from Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom to Makassar, Dutch East Indies. The bottle was dropped in the Indian Ocean at 32°49′S 105°25′E﻿ / ﻿32.817°S 105.417°E﻿ / -32.817; 105.417.
On 21 January 2018, the bottle was discovered north of Wedge Island, Western Australia, about 510 nautical miles (940 km) away. The finders contacted the Western Australian Museum who investigated the discovery. They confirmed that the bottle had been dropped as part of an experiment by the German Naval Observatory (Deutsche Seewarte) to determine ocean currents. The bottle and its message were analysed and found to be authentic to the period. The hand-made bottle had originally contained jenever and had come from Schiedam, South Holland, Netherlands.
The previous discovery of a bottle from the programme had been in January 1934 in Denmark. The 131 year time-to-retrieval exceeds the Guinness Book of Records-listed record for the longest such time of 108 years.
# Zbigniew Czech (painter)

Zbigniew Czech (20 April 1909 – 4 August 1973) was a Polish painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Pedro Afonso

Pedro Afonso may refer to:
* Pedro Afonso, Count of Barcelos (d. 1350), Portuguese historian
* Pedro Afonso, Tocantins, Brazilian municipality
* Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
# Zilwaukee Township, Michigan

Zilwaukee Township is a civil township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 62 at the 2020 census, which ranks the township the fourth-least populated municipality in the state of Michigan after Pointe Aux Barques Township, Grand Island Township, and West Branch Township.
The city of Zilwaukee is southwest of the township, but the two are administered separately. The township is home to the Crow Island State Game Area, which covers a large portion of the township's area.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 5.98 square miles (15.49 km$^2$), of which 3.58 square miles (9.27 km$^2$) is land and 2.40 square miles (6.22 km$^2$) (40.1%) is water.
The Saginaw River flows through the center of the township.

## Highways

* I-75 / US 23 crosses briefly within two sections of the township. The highway travels through the southwestern portion of the township, and the Zilwaukee Bridge begins within the township and crosses the Saginaw River to the city of Zilwaukee. The highway also passes through the westernmost portion of the township.
* I-675 has a portion of its northern terminus within the township at Interstate 75 / U.S. Route 23.
* M-13 runs north–west through the township along the Saginaw River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 23 households, and 18 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.6 inhabitants per square mile (4.1/km$^2$). There were 26 housing units at an average density of 4.5 per square mile (1.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 90.16% White, and 9.84% African American.
There were 23 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.9% were married couples living together, and 21.7% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 16.4% from 25 to 44, 34.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 144.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $50,625, and the median income for a family was $52,188. Males had a median income of $50,938 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,268. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
# Zilzar

Zilzar (Arabic: زلزار) is a privately held, online marketing platform headquartered in Malaysia, specifically catering to Muslim consumers seeking halal products and services. The company positions itself as a global Muslim lifestyle marketplace where consumers can access information, content, community and trade. This e-commerce platform was launched in 2014 by Malaysian Prime Minister, Dato Sri Muhamad Najib Tun Razak in the 10th World Islamic Economic Forum in Dubai. The site was described as a way of empowering the consumer and creating employment for Muslims in emerging markets by the country's prime minister. The business describes its aim as connecting Muslim consumers and making it easier for halal traders around the world to conduct business online. The platform handles content regarding Islamic societies and products that deals with the compliance of the Islamic Sharia law.

## History

Zilzar was founded by Islamic businessman Rushdi Siddiqui, former Global Head of Islamic Finance & OIC Countries for Thomson Reuters. Rushdi also served as a Global Director for the Dow Jones Islamic Market Indices. Siddiqui is a co-founder of Shekra, an Islamic crowd funding site, and a member of the Board of Advisors for Crescenrating, a Singapore-based, Muslim travel company. Founder Rushdi is quoted by the Wall Street Journal as saying "It is our hope and belief that Zilzar and our colleagues will do for the halal industry market what Alibaba did for China."

## Products and Services

The business-to-business and business-to-consumer platform offers several branches of products and services. According to an Investvine interview with Siddiqui, the core product groups are: electronics; food and beverages; health and beauty; machinery, industrial parts and tools; fashion, textiles and accessories; and gifts, sports and toys.

## Operations

The e-commerce platform aimed to have presence in 57 Muslim countries. Zilzar was reported as operating with over 12,000 vendors in 2015. Vendors supply to the site from numerous countries, namely: China; Malaysia; Indonesia; Singapore; Thailand; the US; India; South Africa; the UK; and the Philippines. The company partners with MasterCard as a payment gateway partner on payment services. Other business partners include Hong Leong Islamic Bank Berhad (HLIB), International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF), Halal Development Corporation (HDC), and Crescentrating.

### Halal Certification

See also: Halal
Rushdi Siddiqui, is reported as commenting on the lack of a global halal standard, calling it "a patchwork of regulations." As no single organization oversees global halal standards, interpretation of halal terms may differ between certifying organizations. This lack of consensus creates challenges for a company in the halal e-commerce marketplace. Zilzar's approach is described as being one of vetting and monitoring, where the supplier must provide the product certification to the marketplace, and the consumer may request the certification when viewing the product.
# Zilzie

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Zilzie is a coastal locality in the Livingstone Shire, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Zilzie had a population of 2,846 people.

## Geography

Contiguous with Emu Park, the town is located on the Capricorn Coast, 685 kilometres (426 mi) north north west of the state capital, Brisbane 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the city of Rockhampton and approx 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi) south of Yeppoon.
Zilzie has the following headlands (from north to south):
* Rocky Point (23°16′06″S 150°49′43″E﻿ / ﻿23.2682°S 150.8285°E﻿ / -23.2682; 150.8285﻿ (Rocky Point))
* Arthurs Point (23°16′27″S 150°49′33″E﻿ / ﻿23.2743°S 150.8257°E﻿ / -23.2743; 150.8257﻿ (Arthurs Point))
* Zilzie Point (23°16′47″S 150°49′28″E﻿ / ﻿23.2798°S 150.8245°E﻿ / -23.2798; 150.8245﻿ (Zilzie Point))
* Cocoanut Point (23°17′19″S 150°48′48″E﻿ / ﻿23.2885°S 150.8134°E﻿ / -23.2885; 150.8134﻿ (Cocoanut Point))

## History

Zilzie was named after Zilzie Point, the coastal northern end of the suburb, which was named after a property in the area which was owned by Arthur Bootle Wilbraham, who made an anagram of Lizzie (née Jardine), the name of his wife.
Between 2008 and 2013, Zilzie and the rest of the Shire of Livingstone were part of the Rockhampton Region.

## Demographics

In the 2006 census, Zilzie had a population of 1,153 people.
In the 2011 census, Zilzie had a population of 1,890 people.
In the 2016 census, Zilzie had a population of 2,713 people.
In the 2021 census, Zilzie had a population of 2,846 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Zilzie. The nearest government primary school is Emu Park State School in neighbouing Emu Park to the north. The nearest government secondary school is Yeppoon State High School in Yeppoon to the north.

## Amenities

There is a boat ramp and a floating walkway in Svendsen Road on the north bank of Coorooman Creek (23°17′58″S 150°46′09″E﻿ / ﻿23.2994°S 150.7692°E﻿ / -23.2994; 150.7692﻿ (Svendsen Road boat ramp)). They are managed by the Livingstone Shire Council.

## Facilities

Emu Park-Zilzie Sewage Treatment Plant is at 3620 Emu Park Road (23°15′46″S 150°48′37″E﻿ / ﻿23.2627°S 150.8103°E﻿ / -23.2627; 150.8103﻿ (sewage treatment plant)).
# Zapadni Mojstir

Zapadni Mojstir is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 505 people.

## Notable people

* Ajdin Draga, Albanian politician.
# Word ladder

Word ladder (also known as Doublets, word-links, change-the-word puzzles, paragrams, laddergrams, or word golf) is a word game invented by Lewis Carroll. A word ladder puzzle begins with two words, and to solve the puzzle one must find a chain of other words to link the two, in which two adjacent words (that is, words in successive steps) differ by one letter.

## History

Lewis Carroll says that he invented the game on Christmas in 1877. Carroll devised the word game for Julia and Ethel Arnold. The first mention of the game in Carroll's diary was on March 12, 1878, which he originally called "Word-links", and described as a two-player game. Carroll published a series of word ladder puzzles and solutions, which he then called "Doublets", in the magazine Vanity Fair, beginning with the March 29, 1879 issue. Later that year, it was made into a book, published by Macmillan and Co.
J. E. Surrick and L. M. Conant published a book Laddergrams of such puzzles in 1927.
Vladimir Nabokov alluded to the game using the name "word golf" in the novel Pale Fire, in which the narrator says 'some of my records are: hate—love in three, lass—male in four, and live—dead in five (with "lend" in the middle).'
The game was revived in Australia in the 1990s by The Canberra Times as "Stepword".
Word ladders are often featured in the New York Times crossword puzzle.

## Rules

The player is given a start word and an end word. In order to win the game, the player must change the start word into the end word progressively, creating an existing word at each step. Each step consists of a single letter substitution. For example, the following are the seven shortest solutions to the word ladder puzzle between words "cold" and "warm", using words from Collins Scrabble Words.
    COLD→CORD→CORM→WORM→WARM COLD→CORD→CARD→WARD→WARM COLD→CORD→WORD→WARD→WARM COLD→CORD→WORD→WORM→WARM COLD→WOLD→WORD→WORM→WARM COLD→WOLD→WORD→WARD→WARM COLD→WOLD→WALD→WARD→WARM
As each step changes only one letter, the number of steps must be at least the Hamming distance between the two words – four in the above example. Lewis Carroll's example has an extra fifth step as the third letter changes twice.
Often, word ladder puzzles are created where the end word has some kind of relationship with the start word (synonymous, antonymous, semantic...). This was also the way the game was originally devised by Lewis Carroll when it first appeared in Vanity Fair.
Some variations also allow the player to add or remove letters, and to rearrange the same letters into a different order (an anagram).

## Five-letter word ladders

Donald Knuth used a computer to study word ladders of five-letter words. He felt that three and four were too easy and six was too hard. Knuth used a collection of 5,757 common English five-letter words, excluding proper nouns. He wrote a program which showed the steps connecting any two words, or noted that no connection was possible. He found that many word pairs were connected, but that 671 words were not connected to any other word, i.e 'had no neighbours', as he put it. He called these words "aloof", and noted amusingly that "aloof" is itself such a word.
# 1909 Maryland Aggies football team

The 1909 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (later part of the University of Maryland) in the 1909 college football season. The Aggies compiled a 2–5 record, were shut out by five opponents, and were outscored by all opponents, 101 to 19. Edward Larkin and William Lang were the team's coaches.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 25 | Washington Technical High School | College Park, MD | L 0–11 |
| October 2 | at Richmond | Richmond, VA | L 0–12 |
| October 9 | at Johns Hopkins | Baltimore, MD | L 0–9 |
| October 16 | Rock Hill College | College Park, MD | W 5–0 |
| October 23 | at George Washington | Washington, DC | L 0–26 |
| October 30 | at North Carolina State | Raleigh, NC | L 0–31 |
| November 6 | at Gallaudet | Washington, DC | W 14–12 |
# Andrew M. Morrissey

Andrew M. Morrissey (December 27, 1871 – September 8, 1933) was chief justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court from 1915 to 1927. Morrissey was appointed chief justice on January 25, 1915, to fill vacancy created by death of Chief Justice Hollenbeck.
Born in Livonia, New York, Morrissey attended the public schools and moved to Nebraska in 1890. He took a position in the county clerk's office in Dawes County, Nebraska, and then began reading law in 1896 to gain admission to the bar, entering private practice in 1898. In the fall of 1898, he was elected county attorney of Cherry County, Nebraska, holding that office until 1903, when he declined to seek re-election. He moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1911 and was an unsuccessful candidate for attorney general in 1912, after which he accepted an appointment as private secretary to Governor John H. Morehead and served in that capacity during the governor's first term. At the beginning of 1915, Attorney General Willis E. Reed selected Morrissey as his deputy, in which position he served until he was appointed Chief Justice in February 1915.
In May 1932, Morrissey became an attorney for the comptroller of the currency in the United States Department of the Treasury, in Washington, D.C., but his service was cut short by ill health that had plagued him since the late 1920s. In August 1932, he suffered from nervous prostration, and was taken back to Lincoln, Nebraska, to the home of his brother, where he died several weeks later, at the age of 61.