OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Léon Messagé

Léon Messagé (1842-1901) was a French sculptor, best known for his sculptural collaboration with François Linke for the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle. Messagé was also responsible for much of the design and creative work for Roux et Brunet and Joseph-Emmanuel Zwiener.

## Life

Messagé was born on 8 March 1842, probably in Sens in the Yonne where his parents continued to live, although his birth was not registered until twenty years later. By the age of twenty he was living in Paris, where he died in 1901.

## Career

Messagé enjoyed great success as a designer/sculptor before his collaboration with Linke. Indeed, he was mentioned as a gold medal winner at the 1889 International Exhibition and was especially praised for his work on a cabinet by Zwiener. He came into contact with Linke in 1885 and it appears from then on Linke employed him on a regular basis.
Messagé was primarily influenced by rococo ornament but he strove to re-interpret it. He did not produce slavish copies, and his original approach can be appreciated in Linke's celebrated Grande Bibliothèque and Grand Bureau exhibited at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle. A number of drawings by Messagé are recorded and after his success at the exhibition of 1889 he was encouraged to publish his designs. There were five sections to the book, with an elaborate title page surmounted by the sculptor's cipher or talisman of a wing, a pun on his own name as the messenger to the Gods, a motif he used many times on the handles of furniture designed for Linke.
As a sculptor Messagé was trained to produce a wax maquette or model prior to working on a piece. His maquettes were of the piece of furniture in its entirety, a rare and exacting task occasionally seen for eighteenth century French Royal commissions.
# Lutz Wienhold

Lutz Wienhold (born 15 September 1965) is a German former professional footballer.
# Lung Mei

Lung Mei is the name of several places in Hong Kong, including:
* Lung Mei, Sai Kung District in Sai Kung District
* Lung Mei, Tai Po District in Tai Po District
# László Schäffer

László Schäffer (July 19, 1893 – May 1979), was a Hungarian cinematographer. Born in Uzhhorod, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary, currently a part of the Ukraine, he worked mostly in Germany in the 1920s.
He moved in his youth to Budapest, where he worked as a photographer. During World War I, he became a cameraman and, after 1920, went to Berlin. With Fritz Arno Wagner, he filmed F. W. Murnau's The Haunted Castle (1921). A further high point in Schäffer's career was the employment as one of several cameramen in Walter Ruttmann's experimental documentary film Berlin: Symphony of a Great City (1927).
After the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933, Schäffer returned to Budapest. He took his place behind the cameras several times, until in 1939 he emigrated to the United States. Establishing himself in Los Angeles, he received no requests for his occupation. He died in Los Angeles in 1979.

## Filmography

| 1921: The Haunted Castle 1921: Das Mädchen aus dem Sumpf 1922: Jiu-Jitsu-Meisterin 1924: Graf Chargon 1926: Die Unschuld ohne Kleid 1927: The Pirates of the Baltic Sea 1927: Die glühende Gasse 1927: Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis 1928: Polnische Wirtschaft 1928: The Last Performance of the Circus Wolfson 1928: Rasputin, the Holy Sinner 1929: Dangers of the Engagement Period 1928: Spelunke | 1929: Storm of Love 1929: Was kostet Liebe? 1929: Ins Blaue hinein 1929: Möblierte Zimmer 1929: Such Is Life 1930: Echo of a Dream 1932: Rok 1914 1932: Puszcza 1935: The Students of Igloi 1936: Zivatar Kemenespusztán 1936: Pusztareiter (Hortobágy) 1936: Rubber 1938: Das Mädchen mit dem guten Ruf |
# Lögde River

Lögde River (Swedish: Lögdeälven) is a river in Sweden.
# Bayard Dominick expedition

The Bayard Dominick expedition was a 1920 scientific expedition to the Pacific islands of Polynesia, with four teams sent to compile archaeological and anthropological surveys of the Marquesas, Tonga, Austral Islands, and Hawaiʻi.
The expedition's first year was financed by Bayard Dominick who was a member of the New York Stock Exchange. He gave a gift to Yale University of $40,000 and this was sent on to the Hawaiian museum. The Tonga team was Edward W. Gifford and William C. McKern both from the University of California and the botanist was Arthur J. Eames from Harvard University. The Marquesas team was Edward S. C. Handy from Harvard and Ralph Linton from the University of Pennsylvania accompanied by the Yale botanist Forest B. H. Brown, and Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Handy as volunteer assistants. The Austral Islands team was John F. G. Stokes (Bishop Museum staff), Robert Thomas Aitken (Columbia University) and volunteer assistant Mrs J. F. G. Stokes. Finally the Hawaiian team was Louis R. Sullivan from Brown University and Kenneth P. Emory from Dartmouth, Harvard.
# Stretched verb

A stretched verb is a complex predicate composed of a light verb and an eventive noun. An example is the English phrase "take a bite out of", which is semantically similar to the simple verb "bite". The concept has been used in studies of German and English.
Other names for a stretched verb include "supported verb", "expanded predicate", "verbo-nominal phrase", and "delexical verb combination". Some definitions may place further restrictions on the construction: restricting the light verb to one of a fixed list; restricting the occurrence of articles, prepositions, or adverbs within the complex phrase; requiring the eventive noun to be identical or cognate with a synonymous simple verb, or at least requiring the stretched verb to be synonymous with some simple verb.
In English, many stretched verbs are more common than a corresponding simple verb: for example "get rid [of X from Y]" compared to the verb "rid [Y of X]"; or "offer (one's) condolences [to X]" vs "condole [with X]". Correct use of stretched verbs is about as difficult for EFL students as other types of collocation.
# Stonington Historical Society

Historic Stonington (formerly the Stonington Historical Society) is an organization in Stonington, Connecticut. It was founded in 1895 as "The Stonington Historical and Genealogical Society." The society established a museum at the Stonington Harbor Light in 1925 and since 1995 has run the Capt. Nathaniel B. Palmer House, a U.S. National Historic Landmark. It also operates the R. W. Woolworth Library and Research Center.
# Beauchard

Beauchard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Beauchard (born 1959), French comic book artist and writer
* Dominique Beauchard, character in American Empire (film)
* Karine Beauchard (born 1978), French mathematician
# Stonington, Colorado

Stonington is an unincorporated community in eastern Baca County, Colorado, United States. Stonington lies east of the Comanche National Grassland and is the southeasternmost community in Colorado.

## History

The Stonington post office operated from 1888 until 1992. Stonington addresses are now served by the Walsh post office with the ZIP code 81090.
In 1940, Stonington's population was 65.
On May 17, 1962, an F1 tornado hit Stonington, destroying several farms.

## Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stonington has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
# Stonington, Indiana

Stonington is an unincorporated community in Bono Township, Lawrence County, Indiana.
Stonington took its name from the local Stone Mill.
# MAGEA4

Melanoma-associated antigen 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA4 gene.
This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls.

## Clinical importance

The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. At least four variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
In salivary gland carcinomas, MAGE4 expression correlates to lower-grade histology, lower likelihood of metastases and more favourable survival.
While MAGEA4 is expressed by many tumours, it is almost universally expressed by synovial sarcomas. A targeted treatment to use genetically modified autologous T cells is (as of June 2021) undergoing clinical trials.
# MAGED1

Melanoma-associated antigen D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGED1 gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family. Most of the genes of this family encode tumor specific antigens that are not expressed in normal adult tissues except testis. Although the protein encoded by this gene shares strong homology with members of the MAGE family, it is expressed in almost all normal adult tissues. This gene has been demonstrated to be involved in the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediated programmed cell death pathway. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
MAGED was found to be deleted in a group of children with an intellectual disability disorder caused by a Xp11.22 deletion.
Maged1 plays a role in controlling the reward circuitry in the brain of mice that is responsible for addictive behaviors. More recently, it has been shown to play a role in drug addiction through an epigenetic mechanism involving the monoubiquitination of H2A, which represses gene expression via interaction with the deubiquitinase USP7.

## Interactions

MAGED1 has been shown to interact with UNC5A, PJA1, XIAP, and USP7.
# Lyndon Carnegie Library

The Lyndon Carnegie Library, located at 127 E. Sixth in Lyndon, Kansas, is a Classical Revival-style Carnegie library which was built in about 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
It is a one-story, brick and limestone building about 49 by 39 feet (15 m × 12 m) in plan, and faces south. It was funded by an $8,000 Carnegie Foundation grant.
# M1064 mortar carrier

The M1064 mortar carrier is an American vehicle, consisting of the M121 mortar – a version of the M120 mortar – mounted on an M113 chassis. The M1287 mortar carrier vehicle will replace the M1064 in U.S. Army service.

## Design

The design consists of the M298 cannon, M191 bipod, M9 baseplate, and the carrier adaptation kit. With the use of an auxiliary M9 baseplate and extension feet for the M191 bipod, the M121 can be dismounted from the vehicle and emplaced for ground-mounted operations. The first M1064s were converted from M106 mortar carriers, whose 107 mm mortars had been replaced by the 120 mm mortars.

## Operators
### Current operators

* Egypt: 36 M1064A3.
* Thailand: 12 M1064A3 ordered in 1995 and delivered in 1997.
* USA: 1076 M120/M1064A3
# Stratified slope deposit

Stratified slope deposits or grèzes litées (original French name) are accumulations of debris that are traditionally associated with periglaciation but that can also form in other settings. The deposits have a weak sorting and a coarse bedding. Stratified slope deposits are usually found at the lower slopes of valleys where thicknesses vary but may exceed 10 meters. Periglacial stratified slope deposits are thought to be the result of rock fragmented by frost being accumulated downslope.
A distinction can be made between stratified slope deposits formed in screes and those of grèzes litées type. The first ones form in slopes with angles in excess of 30°, the latter ones in slopes with angles of 30–28° or as low as 5°. The grèzes litées type has been reported from Mediterranean mountains, Atlantic Europe, Central Europe, Himalaya, the Dry Andes and the Tropical Andes. The "biggest known outcrop of grèzes litées in north-western Europe" lies in the Enscherange in Luxembourg. There are relatively few reports of grèzes litées in the High Arctic, nevertheless these include Svalbard, Western Greenland and Southern Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

## Early concept evolution

Stratified slope deposits were first reported under the name of grèzes litées in Charente, France, in 1951. A few years later André Cailleux described similar deposits calling them éboulis ordonnés. Subsequently, Jan Dylik described occurrences in central Poland in the 1960s. In 1968 Jean Tricart argued further for a periglacial origin of grèzes litées. While French scientists gave the term grèzes litées a constrained definition by attributing them to a frost weathering origin and characterizing them granumetrically, its usage by non-French expanded the concept beyond this early definition.

## Processes of formation

Periglacial stratified slope deposits form typically in periglacial areas that lack permafrost. Pleistocene-aged stratified slope deposits formed from stone-banked solifluction lobes. In the Andes the depth of freezing associated with the formation of stratified slope deposit is estimated at less than 15 cm while in Charente it is 40 to 50 cm.
A major process that forms stratified slope deposits in periglacial areas is solifluction of stone blankets in the form of solifluction lobes and sheets. Other processes include rock fall, flow of ice-coasted clasts, flow of dry grains, debris flow and snow avalanches. Yet more processes contribute to the formation, but that are of lesser importance, include overland flow of water caused by rain and the combined action of snow and wind.
Stratified slope deposits can form in non-periglacial environments, meaning that the presence of stratified slope deposit is not unequivocal evidence for past periglaciation. The reason for the occurrence of stratified slope deposits outside present or past periglacial areas is that many of the processes that lead to their formation are azonal.
# Stratiform

Stratiform may refer to:
* Any of the stratus family of clouds (fog, stratus clouds, altostratus clouds, cirrostratus clouds, nimbostratus clouds) and the precipitation coming from them.
* Any occurrence of layered strata (see stratigraphic unit).
# Stratigotus

A stratigotus was a judicial official in mediaeval southern Italy. The position is documented from Norman times until at least 1239, from only a small number of cities, including Amalfi, Messina, Naples, Salerno and Santa Caterina, Calabria. The word is of onomastic derivation.
# Storm King (ferry)

Storm King was a gasoline-powered sidewheel-driven ferry built in 1915 on Lake Crescent, Washington.

## Career

Captain O.D. Treiber designed Storm King for Clallam County's ferry route on Lake Crescent, Washington.
Storm King was named after a mountain overlooking the lake. Storm King was driven by sidewheels.. On deck, the vessel was 112' long and measured 31.5' on the beam across the sidewheels. (The hull measurements were 90' long, 20.5' on the beam.) Storm King, powered by a 40 horsepower (30 kW) Fairbanks-Morse engine, was probably the largest vessel ever on Lake Crescent. The ferry had a capacity of 21 automobiles and 150 people.
Ferry traffic on Lake Crescent ended in 1922 with the completion of the Olympic Highway along the south side of the lake.
# Lytham St Annes Corporation Tramways

The Lytham St. Annes Corporation Tramways and its predecessor companies operated an electric tramway service in Lytham St Annes between 1903 and 1937.

## History

Tramway schemes in Lytham St. Annes had been proposed since 1878, but no progress was made until The Blackpool, St. Annes and Lytham Tramway Order of 1896. Under this order, a tramway was constructed from the terminus of the Blackpool tramway at South Shore Railway Station. The new line opened on 11 July 1896, operated by the British Gas Traction Company. The extension to Lytham opened in February 1897, and the fleet of compressed coal gas trams eventually reached 20. The gas powered trams were not successful, and horse cars were also obtained. The scheme was eventually unsuccessful and the company sold out.
The Blackpool, St. Annes and Lytham Tramways Company purchased the assets of the former company for £115,000 (equivalent to £15,720,000 in 2023), and in 1900 an act authorised an electric tramway to rebuild the route. The newly electrified tramway was opened on 28 May 1903.
On 28 October 1920 St. Annes Council purchased the assets of the company for £132,279 (equivalent to £6,711,300 in 2023). The trams were rebranded with the inscription "St Annes Council Tramways".
In 1922 the borough of Lytham St. Annes was incorporated. The trams were re-branded with "Lytham St. Annes" and later "Lytham St. Annes Corporation"

## Future

It is hoped that the Blackpool Tramway could be extended south to Lytham St Anne's from the current terminus at Starr Gate.

## Fleet

The company owned a maximum fleet of 56 cars.
* 1-30 British Electric Car Company 1903
* 31-40 Brush Electric Machines 1905
* 41-50 English Electric 1924
* 51-54 English Electric 1924 (acquired 1933 from Dearne District)
* 55 Brush Electric Machines 1923 (acquired 1933 from Accrington)
* 56 Sheffield Corporation/rebuilt Preston Corporation (acquired August 1934 from Preston - was their No.30, No.42 prior to 1932)

## Closure

The last tram between Lytham and St Annes ran in 1936. The remainder of the system closed on 28 April 1937.
# Lõbe

Lõbe is a village in Haapsalu municipality, Lääne County, in western Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Ridala Parish.
# Strand litter skink

The Strand litter skink (Caledoniscincus haplorhinus) is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# M&O

M&O may refer to:
* Mobile and Ohio Railroad in the American South
* Managers' and Overlookers' Society, a former British trade union
* Mason and Oceana Railroad in Michigan
* Management & Operation
# MBC 2

MBC 2 may refer to:
* MBC 2 (Mauritian TV channel), a television channel in Mauritius by the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation
* MBC 2 (Middle Eastern and North African TV channel), a television channel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates by the Middle East Broadcasting Center
# Strawberry, Kansas

Strawberry is a ghost town in Washington County, Kansas, United States. It was first settled in the spring of 1861 and was named after the wild strawberries growing in the area.

## History

Strawberry was first settled in the spring of 1861 by John Mildfelt, John Gieber, and Peter Gieber. Other settlers followed, including Peter George Stegman in 1865, and William Bell in 1868. The town's first wedding took place on January 1, 1868, between John Gieber and Susanna Kieffer. By this year, five families lived in the town, home to a post office, a general store, and a school district. The general store was the town center, owned by Art Leiszler. The Leiszler family also ran the post office. Peter Gieber was the first postmaster.
The town's first death took place in 1870. Katherine Myers was driving her cattle home when night fell. She became disoriented and got lost. She wandered into Republic County and was shot when a settler mistook her for a wolf.
On July 2, 1871, residents from the northern part of Clifton Township presented a petition to the county board to form a new township. The petition was granted. The township of Strawberry was officially created. It was named by Roger Howley and a Mr. Alcott after the wild strawberries growing in the area, specifically after a large bed near the town center.
The town was also home to School District #18. A one-room schoolhouse was built made of limestone near the general store. It had one teacher who taught eight grades. Hulda Ellsworth was the school's first teacher who taught its first term in 1872.
The post office was disbanded in 1904.
In 1909, the Leiszlers built a skating rink and a dance hall which became a popular destination for travelers.
In 1910, Strawberry's population declined to 52 people due to bad roads and transportation. During the Great Depression, this number decreased further. The skating rink and dance hall were still very popular. In the 20s and 30s, many cars in the area had spare tire covers reading, "I Danced at the Strawberry Pavilion".
In 1951, Strawberry's remaining buildings were demolished to make way for the construction of Kansas Highway 148.
On August 12, 1990, a marker was placed near the site to commemorate the former town. Three hundred people attended a ceremony where archivist Dan Fitzgerald of the Kansas Historical Society spoke about ghost towns.

## Geography

The land around Strawberry is a prairie tillable for farming. Several streams, including Parsons Creek which runs through the town center, flow south into the Republican River.

## Demographics

Strawberry's population "at the outset" was 436. In 1878, the population was 934, and in 1880, it was 1,258. By 1910, however, the population declined to 52 people due to poor roads and transportation. This number further decreased during the Great Depression.
# Stražbenica (Banovići)

Stražbenica is a village in the municipality of Banovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,274.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 1,264 | 99.2% |
| other/undeclared | 10 | 0.8% |
| Total | 1,274 | 100% |
# String Quartet No. 1 (Martinů)

String Quartet No.1, (H. 117) (the French Quartet), is a chamber composition by the Czech composer Bohuslav Martinů.

## Background

Martinů was strongly drawn to the string quartet form from his childhood. He composed his first quartet, based on the poem Tři jezdci by Czech poet Jaroslav Vrchlický, at the age of eight. However, Martinů's juvenile works remain forgotten, are now archive material, and it is difficult to reconstruct them. Martinů made his first step into the world of quartet writing with his "French Quartet". The work was composed in Polička in 1918. In 1925 Martinů intended to have the composition performed in Paris, with the Ševčík Quartet. However, the quartet was not premièred until 1927 in Brno.

## Structure

The composition consists of four movements:
* 1. Moderato. Allegro ma non troppo
* 2. Andante moderato
* 3. Allegro non troppo
* 4. Allegro
The French Quartet, named for the work's Impressionist mood, is influenced by the works of Debussy and Ravel. It is the longest of all Martinů quartets. His typical individual style is not yet apparent, but the quartet contains the unquestionable quality and counts among the interesting examples of the composer's early chamber works.
The approximate duration of the work is 36 minutes.
# MOAP1

Modulator of apoptosis 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MOAP1 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with apoptosis regulator BAX protein. This protein contains a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-like motif, which is required for the association with BAX. When overexpressed, this gene has been shown to mediate caspase-dependent apoptosis.
# MOB1A

MOB kinase activator 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOB1A gene.
# MS4 Modeling Environment

MS4 Modeling Environment (MS4 Me) is a discrete event simulation system (DEVS) software developed by MS4 Systems, Inc. It has been used in the modeling of complex systems (such as a national health care system) and is also covered in a discrete event simulation and systems of systems modeling text.
MS4 Me supports the development and simulation of DEVS models via a natural language or Java. Finite Deterministic DEVS (FDDEVS) models can also be quickly developed and analyzed. DEVS models can be composed into more complex systems via the use of System Entity Structures, and System Entity Structures can be composed into complex systems of systems for simulation. Many different configurations of these systems can be stored and simulated via the use of pruning.
# MS5

MS5, or similar, may refer to:
* Beriev MS-5, a Soviet flying boat
* Matra MS5, a racing car
* Metal Slug 5, a video game
* Mississippi's 5th congressional district
* Mississippi Highway 5
* Manga Studio 5, comics and manga creation software
* Season 5 of the American TV show The Masked Singer