OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Community-engaged research

Community-engaged research (CEnR) is the process of working collaboratively with groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interests, or similar situations with respect to issues affecting their well-being. One of the most widely used forms of community-engaged research is community-based participatory research (CBPR), though it also encompasses action research and participatory action research. Another form of community-engaged research is integrated knowledge translation (iKT), defined as "an approach to doing research that applies the principles of knowledge translation to the entire research process". The iKT evolves around the concept of engaging different levels of knowledge users (community members, organizations working in the community, and policy makers) as equal partners in the research activities so that research outputs are more relevant to, and more likely to be useful to, the knowledge users.

## History

Community-engaged research arose in response to historical abuse of marginalized people by researchers, who failed to consider the needs of the community and potential benefits of the research. Types of CEnR include action research, community-based participatory research (CBPR), and participatory action research (PAR). The field of CEnR has grown rapidly since 2005.

## Process

Community-engaged research is planned in partnership with the community that is the intended target of the research. It requires the development of partnerships between researchers and the community, cooperation and negotiation between parties, collaboration, and a commitment to addressing local health concerns. This can create additional steps not traditionally found in research projects, such as jointly creating a mission statement or a memorandum of understanding to establish terminology, timelines, and expectations. These planning steps typically occur before funding is secured for the research project so that a meaningful and trusting relationship is the platform for the research activities. Community members may be skeptical of research conducted without compensation; researchers and the community can collaborate to define fair compensation for participation. The researchers also can involve the community members in the research activities and ensuring community member capacity building needs.
CEnR projects exist along a spectrum of the level of community involvement. In order from least- to most-involved, examples are investigator-driven research, community-placed research, community-based research, community-based participatory research, and community-driven research.

## Scope

Reviews of community-engaged research indicate that this type of research predominantly occurs in the US and the Americas. Europe is represented chiefly by studies in the United Kingdom, and some studies have been conducted in Australia as well. Few reviews of community-engaged research have included work done in Africa or Asia.
# Sumihiro's theorem

In algebraic geometry, Sumihiro's theorem, introduced by (Sumihiro 1974), states that a normal algebraic variety with an action of a torus can be covered by torus-invariant affine open subsets.
The "normality" in the hypothesis cannot be relaxed. The hypothesis that the group acting on the variety is a torus can also not be relaxed.
# Giuliana Berlinguer

Giuliana Berlinguer (Italian pronunciation:; 23 November 1933 – 15 September 2014) was an Italian director, screenwriter, and novelist.

## Life and career

Born in Mantua, Berlinguer studied at the Silvio d’Amico Academy of Dramatic Arts, where she graduated in stage direction. She later focused on television, directing several RAI TV-movies and series, notably a successful 1969 Nero Wolfe miniseries starring Tino Buazzelli in the title role.
In 1983 she directed the war-drama film Il disertore, which was screened at the Venice Film Festival. She was the wife of Giovanni Berlinguer, the brother of Enrico Berlinguer.
# Suzanne Paxton

Suzanne Paxton (born December 27, 1969) is an American fencer. She competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Trond Nordby

Trond Nordby (born 6 July 1943) is a Norwegian historian and political scientist.
He graduated candidatus philologiæ in 1972, and received his PhD in 1984. He worked as a research fellow and lecturer of history at the University of Oslo from 1975 to 1986. From 1985 to 1989 he was a researcher for NAVF, and from 1990 he worked at the Norwegian Institute for Social Research. He is now a professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, having been promoted in 1995.
His research has centered on several issues. His background with health history shows in the 1989 biography of Karl Evang and his 1993 book chapter Det offentlige helsevesenet - en fagstyrets høyborg, about the technocracy in health management in Norway. The book I politikkens sentrum. Variasjoner i Stortingets makt 1814-2004 (second edition 2004) focuses on the Norwegian Parliament and Constitution. He has also synthesized social and political history, among others in the book Det moderne gjenombruddet i bondesamfunnet. Norge 1870-1920.
# 2023 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres events at the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships was held across 3 classifications at Charlety Stadium, Paris, France, on 10 July.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| T11 | Kenya Karasawa Japan | 11:05.19 | Julio Agripino Brazil | 15:07.21 | Yeltsin Jacques Brazil | 15:12.37 |
| T13 | Yassine Ouhdadi Spain | 15:16.97 | Jaryd Clifford Australia | 15:18.23 | Guillaume Ouellet Canada | 15:22.85 |
| T54 | Marcel Hug Switzerland | 9:35.78 | Prawat Wahoram Thailand | 10:15.31 | Daniel Sidbury United Kingdom | 10:15.44 |

## T11
### Final

The final took place on 10 July.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 3 | Kenya Karasawa | Japan | 15:05.19 | CR |
| | 1 | Júlio Agripino | Brazil | 15:07.21 | AR |
| | 7 | Yeltsin Jacques | Brazil | 15:12.37 | PB |
| 4 | 6 | Shinya Wada | Japan | 15:26.95 | |
| 5 | 2 | Wilson Bii | Kenya | 15:35.78 | SB |
| 6 | 8 | Jimmy Caicedo | Ecuador | 15:36.57 | PB |
| 7 | 5 | Erick Kiptoo Sang | Kenya | 16:06.32 | |
| 8 | 4 | Luis Sandoval | Peru | 16:15.39 | SB |

## T13
### Final

The final took place on 10 July.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 1 | Yassine Ouhdadi | Spain | 15:16.97 | |
| | 7 | Jaryd Clifford | Australia | 15:18.23 | |
| | 4 | Guillaume Ouellet | Canada | 15:22.85 | |
| 4 | 3 | Oussama Hmimsa | Morocco | 15:25.51 | SB |
| 5 | 6 | John Lokedi | Kenya | 15:25.67 | |
| 6 | 5 | Alberto Suárez Laso | Spain | 15:29.75 | SB |
| | 2 | Mikail Al | Turkey | DNF | |

## T54
### Final

The final took place on 10 July.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | Marcel Hug | Switzerland | 9:35.78 | CR |
| | 3 | Prawat Wahoram | Thailand | 10:15.31 | |
| | 1 | Daniel Sidbury | Great Britain | 10:15.44 | |
| 4 | 9 | Faisal Alrajehi | Kuwait | 10:15.65 | |
| 5 | 10 | Putharet Khongrak | Thailand | 10:16.25 | |
| 6 | 6 | Julien Casoli | France | 10:18.14 | |
| 7 | 7 | Kozo Kubo | Japan | 10:19.47 | |
| 8 | 4 | Thibault Daurat | France | 10:20.79 | |
| 9 | 2 | Badir Abbas Alhosani | United Arab Emirates | 10:21.50 | |
| 10 | 8 | Samuel Rizzo | Australia | 10:25.36 | |
# William L. Thorne

William L. Thorne (October 14, 1878 in Fresno, California – March 10, 1948 in Fresno, California) was an American film actor.
On Broadway, Thorne appeared in The Tavern (1921) and Big Boy (1925).

## Partial filmography

* The Kick Off (1926)
* Thunderbolt (1929) - Police Inspector
* The Drake Case (1929) - Captain Condon
* Peacock Alley (1930) - Dugan
* Abraham Lincoln (1930) - Tom Lincoln (as W. L. Thorne)
* The Lash (1930) - Landlord of the Bella Union Cantina (uncredited)
* Fighting Thru (1930) - Ace Brady
* Finger Prints (1931, Serial) - Joe Burke
* The She-Wolf (1931) - detective Burke
* The Montana Kid (1931) - Chuck Larson
* Danger Island (1931, Serial) - Bull Black
* The Rainbow Trail (1932) - King Dyer
* Vanishing Men (1932) - Bat Morrison
* Law of the North (1932) - Judge Hanley
* Clancy of the Mounted (1933) - Black MacDougal
* Pirate Treasure (1934) - Drake
* The Whole Town's Talking (1935) - Policeman (uncredited)
* Night Life of the Gods (1935) - Detective (uncredited)
* The Roaring West (1935) - Marco Brett
* Nevada (1935) - Poker player
* Paradise Express (1937) - Farmer at meeting (uncredited)
* The Gold Racket (1937) - McKenzie
* Bank Alarm (1937) - Police Inspector J.C. Macy
* Love Takes Flight (1937) - Bill Parker Sr.
* The Man Who Dared (1939) - Fire Chief (uncredited)
* The Forgotten Woman (1939) - Policeman (uncredited)
* The Man from Sundown (1939) - Sam Cooper (uncredited) (final film role)
# William Hatfield (writer)

William Hatfield (1892–1969) was the pen name of Ernest Chapman, an English-born writer best known for his work in Australia.

## Biography

He emigrated to Australia in 1912 and did a variety of jobs before turning to writing with Sheepmates in 1931. He wrote fiction for adults and children, travel stories, autobiography, short stories (particularly for The Australian Journal and Australiana). Hatfield served in the Australian army during World War II.
He was, in September 1949, a charter member of the Australian Peace Council.
Hatfield died on 2 February 1969 at Concord, New South Wales.

## Film work

Sheepmates was meant to be filmed in 1934 by F. W. Thring, and Hatfield helped scout locations, but the project was abandoned during shooting. Hatfield promised Thring to shoot some footage of an aboriginal corroboree for a proposed screen version of Collits' Inn during a cross-country trip, but the film did not eventuate. Thring also bought the rights to Ginger Murdoch as a vehicle for George Wallace but died before he got a chance to make it.
Cinesound Productions announced a film version of Hatfield's novel Big Timber but instead chose to shoot an original script, Tall Timbers (1937).

## Selected writings

* Sheepmates (1931)
* Ginger Murdoch (1932)
* Christmastown (1932)
* Desert Saga (1933)
* River Crossing (1934)
* Black Waterlily (1935)
* Australia Through the Windscreen (1936)
* Big Timber (1936)
* I Find Australia (1937)
* Buffalo Jim (1938)
* Barrier Reef Days (1948)
* Wild Dog Frontier (1951)

### Radio

* Swan Song of the Arunta
# Amorphinopsis

Amorphinopsis is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae.

## Species

* Amorphinopsis armata (Lindgren, 1897)
* Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes & van Soest, 2004
* Amorphinopsis dichotoma (Dendy, 1916)
* Amorphinopsis excavans Carter, 1887
* Amorphinopsis fenestrata (Ridley, 1884)
* Amorphinopsis filigrana (Schmidt, 1862)
* Amorphinopsis fistulosa (Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976)
* Amorphinopsis foetida (Dendy, 1889)
* Amorphinopsis kempi Kumar, 1925
* Amorphinopsis maculosa (Pulitzer-Finali, 1996)
* Amorphinopsis maza (Laubenfels, 1954)
* Amorphinopsis megarrhaphea (Lendenfeld, 1887)
* Amorphinopsis mollis Annandale, 1924
* Amorphinopsis pallescens (Topsent, 1892)
* Amorphinopsis papillata (Baer, 1906)
* Amorphinopsis sacciformis (Thiele, 1900)
* Amorphinopsis siamensis (Topsent, 1925)
* Amorphinopsis subacerata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
* Amorphinopsis heterostyla (Hentschel, 1912)
* Amorphinopsis megalorrhaphis (Carter, 1881)
* Amorphinopsis mertoni (Hentschel, 1912)
* Amorphinopsis oculata (Kieschnick, 1896)
* Amorphinopsis reptans (Kirkpatrick, 1903)
* Amorphinopsis spongia (de Laubenfels, 1953)
# MXO

MXO may refer to:
* Monticello Regional Airport, the FAA LID code MXO
* Maxtor, the NYSE code MXO
* Mbowe language, the ISO 639-3 code mxo
* The Matrix Online (MxO), a massively multiplayer online role-playing game
# Giuseppe Merosi

Giuseppe Merosi (8 December 1872 – 27 March 1956) was an Italian automobile engineer and designer.
Born in Piacenza, Merosi worked as a building surveyor, before he decided to explore his gift for automotive engineering. He first earned experiences at Bianchi and then at Fiat. In 1910 he was hired as chief engineer to the new company A.L.F.A which was established at Portello in Milan, later to become Alfa Romeo when the company stopped buying manufactured licensed products from the French automaker Automobiles Darracq France.
The first Alfa designed by Merosi was A.L.F.A 24 HP, which came on the market on 24 June 1910. The 4.1 litres capacity engine supplied 42 hp and the cars reached 100 km/h (62 mph), at that time a very considerable maximum speed. After little more than one year, Alfa had already sold 50 models. The car proved to be durable and reliable, and was conspicuous for its elegant design. Higher HP models followed in the coming years. In 1914 Merosi designed the first Alfa Romeo DOHC engine, 4 cylinders, 4.5 litres and 16 valve head, this was used in the 1914 Alfa Romeo Grand Prix car driven by Giuseppe Campari. World War I temporarily stopped Alfa's activities and Merosi could start working again with DOHC engine only in 1922. In the early 1920s he also worked on the deluxe Alfa Romeo G1.
Merosi was one of the first people at Alfa to recognize the importance of producing racing cars, both in terms of technical development and marketing. His Alfa Romeo HP had already taken part in the 1911 edition of Targa Florio. In 1920 Alfa Romeo started producing proper racing cars with the RL and RM as well as the P1. Alfa Romeo would win the Targa Florio for the first time in 1923 with Ugo Sivocci.
In 1926 Merosi left Alfa Romeo and he was replaced with new chief engineer Vittorio Jano. He worked afterwards for Isotta Fraschini until he retired when the company suspended its activity following the outbreak of World War II. Merosi died in Piacenza at the age of 84 in 1956.
# Otto von Kameke

Otto Werner Henning von Kameke (2 February 1826, Stolp - 8 June 1899, Berlin) was a German painter, a Hauptmann in the Prussian Army and a Knight in the Order of Saint John. He specialized in mountain landscapes.

## Biography

He was born into an old Pomeranian family and was the son of Rittmeister Albert von Kameke (1795–1860), who was also a Squire of Egsow and Kummerzin. Initially, he followed his father into a military career.
In 1859, he married Valeska (Wally) von Ferentheil und Gruppenberg (1836-1914), daughter of Oberst Richard von Ferentheil und Gruppenberg, who was also a Squire in Leonhardwitz and Kammelwitz.
He was already a Hauptmann when, in 1860, he decided to change careers and become an artist. After resigning his commission, he went to Italy, in the vicinity of Rome, where he spent two years studying nature. He then enrolled at the Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar. His teachers there included Arnold Böcklin, Alexander Michelis and, later, Stanislaus von Kalckreuth, whose landscape paintings were the most influential in determining his style.
He favored high mountain areas in Upper Bavaria, Switzerland and the Tirol, but occasionally painted on the plains in Northern Germany. He was also a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts and taught landscape painting there. He mainly worked with oil on canvas.
he died in Berlin at the age of seventy-three and was buried in the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Cemetery. His grave has not been preserved.

## Examples of works:

* The Matterhorn seen from above Stafelalp, Zermatt, Switzerland
* Ein Alpensee- oil on canvas, ca. 1860-1869, 66 x 95 cm
* Der Rhonegletscher- oil on canvas, 96 x 134 cm
* Alpenseelandschaft- Oil on Canvas laid on Cardboard, 36.5 x 54.5 cm
# Murad II Bey

Murad II Bey (Arabic: مراد باي الثاني, died 1675) in the palace of Bardo was the third Muradid Bey of Tunis from 1666 until his death.

## Reign

Son of Hammuda Pasha Bey, he distinguished himself by his courage, his fortitude and his concern for the good governance of the people. He spent the greater part of his time travelling the land to levy the tribute, deal with intrusions by the army of Algiers and the collusion of the northwestern tribes with the Algerians. Furthermore, he faced a revolt of the divan of the militia, led by the Dey Ali Laz. After Murad II suffered reverses in one of his expeditions far from Tunis, Laz replaced him with Mohamed Agha, an officer of the Turkish militia. But Murad II eventually defeated the latter and was restored to power in 1673, at which point he reformed the militia. This marked the end of the Dey's power to counter the Bey.

## Building

Among his architectural projects is the construction of the Madrasa Mouradiyya, built on the location of an old funduq (warehouse) occupied by a portion of the Turkish militia; this madrasah was dedicated to the Maliki school of Islamic law. In addition, Murad II was also responsible for the construction of a mosque at Gabès and the creation of water works, notable a dam-bridge of the Medjerda River.

## Succession

Murad II married the daughter of Yusuf Dey and left three sons at his death: Mohamed Bey El Mouradi (called Mamet Bey), Ali Bey and Ramadan Bey. The first two launched a fratricidal conflict, in which their uncle Mohamed El Hafsi also took part. This conflict led to a long period of civil war called the Revolutions of Tunis, which lasted from 1675 to 1701 and ended with the assassination of all princes of the dynasty by Ibrahim Sharif of Tunis in 1701.
At his death, Murad II was buried in the mausoleum of his father located on the side of the Hammouda Pacha Mosque.
# 23S rRNA (adenine2503-C2,C8)-dimethyltransferase

23S rRNA (adenine$^{2503}$-C$^2$,C$^8$)-dimethyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.194, Cfr, Cfr methyltransferase, Cfr rRNA methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:23S rRNA (adenine$^{2503}$-C$^2$,C$^8$)-dimethyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine$^{2503}$ in 23S rRNA $\rightleftharpoons$ 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2,8-dimethyladenine$^{2503}$ in 23S rRNA
This enzyme contains an [4Fe-S] cluster.
# William Stewart Ross

William Stewart Ross (20 March 1844 – 30 November 1906) was a Scottish writer and publisher. He was a noted secularist thinker and used the pseudonym "Saladin". Between 1888 and 1906 he was the editor of the Agnostic Journal, successor to the Secular Review.

## Life and career

He was born in Kirkbean, Kirkcudbrightshire, into a Presbyterian family. At the age of 20, he began studying at Glasgow University, with the intention of entering the Church. However, he became more interested in literature, particularly the works of Robert Burns and Thomas Carlyle, and moved to London where he managed the Thomas Laurie bookshop.
In London in 1872, Ross established his own publishing company, W. Stewart & Co., and for some years primarily issued educational works and magazines. But Ross also became a leading advocate of freethought, agnosticism, rationalism and secularism, and served as president of the Lambeth Radical Association. In 1880 he chaired a lecture by Charles Bradlaugh, with whom he disagreed over the issue of birth control, and soon became associated with the branch of secular thought led by Charles Watts and his son C. A. Watts.
In 1882 he served as co-editor with the elder Watts on the Secular Review, and two years later Ross became its sole editor and proprietor, penning many essays on secularism using the pseudonym "Saladin". In December 1888, Ross changed the name of Secular Review to the Agnostic Journal and Secular Review, and shortly thereafter changed the name one final time to the Agnostic Journal and Eclectic Review. The last issue was published in June 1907, a few months after Ross's death.
Ross wrote a number of books, including The Flagellants (1884), God and his Book (1887), Roses and Rue (1891), and Woman: Her Glory and Her Shame (in two volumes, 1894). He also penned several volumes of poetry, winning a gold medal for the best poem memorializing Robert Burns at the unveiling of a statue in 1879, and another for a poem describing a visit to the graveside of the revered Scottish poet. One of his poems, Caractacus the Briton, published in 1881, is noted for its refrain, "Caractacus the Briton, the bravest of the brave!".
In later years he was confined to bed with sclerosis, but continued to write and edit. He died in London at the age of 62 and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey, England. He was survived by his wife Elizabeth (née Sherar) and four children.
# William Bailiff

William Bailiff (fl. 1386) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Great Bedwyn in 1386. Nothing more is known of him.
# Ancistrosyrinx

Ancistrosyrinx is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cochlespiridae.

## Species

Species within the genus Ancistrosyrinx include:
* Ancistrosyrinx clytotropis (Sykes, 1906)
* † Ancistrosyrinx perspirata Koenen, 1865
* † Ancistrosyrinx spirata Rouault, 1850
* † Ancistrosyrinx subterebralis Reillardi, 1847
* † Ancistrosyrinx terebralis Lamarck, 1804
** † Ancistrosyrinx terebralis pulcherrima Edwards, 1861

### Species brought into synonymy

* Ancistrosyrinx elegans Dall, 1881: synonym of Cochlespira elegans (Dall, 1881)
* Ancistrosyrinx kuroharai Kuroda, 1959 : synonym of Cochlespira kuroharai (Kuroda, 1959)
* Ancistrosyrinx orientis Melvill, 1904 : synonym of Thatcheriasyrinx orientis (Melvill, 1904)
* Ancistrosyrinx pulchella Schepman, 1913 : synonym of Cochlespira pulchella (Schepman, 1913)
* Ancistrosyrinx pulcherrissima Kira, 1955 : synonym of Cochlespira pulcherrissima (Kira, 1955)
# Concentrated snail

The concentrated snail also known as the Santa Barbara Island snail, scientific name Micrarionta facta, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helminthoglyptidae.
This species is endemic to the United States.

## Sources

* ↑ Roth, B. (1996). "Micrarionta facta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T13299A3525895. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T13299A3525895.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
* This Helminthoglyptidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sundance, Manitoba

Sundance was a community near the Nelson River in Northern Manitoba that was constructed starting in 1975 to house the workers (and families) of the Limestone Dam project, who were employees of Manitoba Hydro, GE, and other companies. Sundance was shut down from November 1978 to early 1985 while the Limestone Generating Station construction was put on temporary hiatus. The town was mostly trailers and portable buildings with an elementary school, grocery store, community centre & a few other small stores. Sundance was de-commissioned in September 1992 at the completion of the Limestone Generating Station Project.
Google Maps satellite imagery shows that the town no longer exists and only empty lots and streets remain. The closest towns are Gillam, Thompson, Bird (Indigenous reserve), Fox Lake (Indigenous Reserve), Amery, and Churchill, Manitoba. Today it is located within the limits of the very large Town of Gillam, the largest "town" in Manitoba by area.
This town is the unofficial "northern" terminus for Provincial Road 290. Henday Converter Station of Nelson River Bipole 2 is also there.

## Murder suspect

CBC's The Fifth Estate ran a program about the murder of Andrea Sherpf and Bernd Goehricke. One of the suspects, Andrew "Andy" Rose lived in Sundance for 3 years starting in August 1986.