OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strophitus undulatus

Strophitus undulatus is a species of mussel in the Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Its common names include creeper, squawfoot, sloughfoot, and strange floater.
This mussel has a somewhat flattened, smooth, oval shell which is thin in young animals and becomes thicker with age. It is green, brown, or black in color with pink to orange nacre. It grows up to 10.2 centimetres (4.0 in) long. The beak is ridged.
This species lives in a variety of freshwater habitat types, including rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes. It tolerates still water and low to moderate flow gradients, but usually not high flow areas. It lives in mud, sand, and gravel substrates.
Like other freshwater mussels, this species releases larvae called glochidia, which must attach parasitically to a host organism, generally a fish, so they can develop into free-living juveniles. Some mussels release their glochidia inside a spongy, sticky mass called a conglutinate. The conglutinate sometimes resembles a prey item, such as a worm, which attracts the fish. When the fish bumps the conglutinate, it breaks apart and releases the glochidia, which attach to the fish. S. undulatus produces an interesting kind of conglutinate. It is whitish and rod-shaped, up to 7 millimeters long and contains around 12 glochidia. The glochidia of this species are larger than those of most other mussels, measuring up to almost 500 micrometers. The conglutinate moves by itself, making a pulsing motion. This may be caused by the swelling of the structure when it contacts the water. The motion helps to squeeze out the glochidia and it may help to attract fish hosts. Sometimes one of the glochidia will attach to a host while remaining attached to the conglutinate; in this case, the other glochidia in the structure may be dragged along with it and have an easier opportunity to parasitize the host.
This mussel uses a wide variety of organisms as hosts, especially fish. It has been observed on black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), spotfin shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae), fallfish (Semotilus corporalis), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and many others. It can also use amphibians as hosts, such as the larva of the northern two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata), and red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). It has been noted to parasitize species not native to the ecosystem, as well as an anadromous species. The glochidia of this mussel may very occasionally be able to develop without attaching to a host species.$^{:17}$
This mussel has a wide range in North America, and while its populations are stable in most areas, it may have been extirpated from the North Fork Holston River in Virginia. It is designated as state threatened in Iowa.
# Ghiyath

Ghiyath or Ghiyāth is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ghiyath al-Kashi (1380–1429), Persian astronomer and mathematician
* Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi Khayyami (1048–1131), Persian polymath: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet
* Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (1108–1152), the Seljuq Sultan of Iraq and western Persia
* Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh (fl. 1419–22), envoy of the Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania to China
* Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed I Tapar (died 1118), son of Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah I
* Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (died 1325), the founder and first ruler of the Muslim Tughluq dynasty
# Madame Guimard's furniture

Madame Guimard's furniture is a set of Art Nouveau bedroom furniture, designed from 1909 onwards by the Lyon-born architect Hector Guimard for his new wife, the American artist Adeline Oppenheim. They married in 1909, and the same year he bought a site at 122 Avenue Mozart in the 16th arrondissement of Paris to build a three-storey hôtel particulier, or mansion. When the site was sold in 1948, Madame Guimard gave the bedroom furniture to the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, the desk to the musée de l'École de Nancy and the dining room furniture to the Petit Palais.

## Sources

* http://www.mba-lyon.fr/mba/sections/fr/collections-musee/chefs-oeuvre/oeuvres1476/chambre_de_mme_guima
* This article about Art Nouveau is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about furniture or furnishing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Orthophytum grossiorum

Orthophytum grossiorum is a plant species in the genus Orthophytum. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Mothonica fluminata

Mothonica fluminata is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia and Suriname.
The wingspan is 18–27 mm. The forewings are pale brownish, in the disc and towards the dorsum tinged with yellowish and sprinkled with dark fuscous, towards the costa sometimes suffused with whitish. The veins are more or less marked with suffused dark fuscous lines and there is an undefined streak of dark fuscous suffusion from the base of the costa to below the middle of the disc, sometimes obsolete posteriorly. A dentate dark fuscous or blackish line is found from one-fourth of the costa, reaching half across the wing. The plical and second discal stigmata are dark fuscous with an elongate dark fuscous spot on the costa before the middle, and an irregular attenuated streak extending from the middle of the costa beneath the costa to near the apex. A spot of dark fuscous suffusion is found on the dorsum beyond the middle and there is a strongly outwards-curved irregular series of dark fuscous dots from the middle of the costa to a dorsal spot before the tornus. There is also a series of dark fuscous marks around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are pale grey.
# Orchestra Kristal

Orchestra Kristal (Bulgarian: оркестър Кристал) are a Bulgarian pop-folk or chalga band from Yambol. It is one of two bands, the other being the similarly named Orchestra Kristali from Mihailovgrad, symbolizing the pop-folk genre in Bulgaria.

## Discography
### Studio albums
#### Bulgarian albums

* Vǎrnete se, bǎlgari (1991)
* Robinja sǎm tvoja (1993)
* Mili moj (1994)
* Toni Dačeva i duet Šans (1995)
* Toni Dačeva i Mustafa Čaušev (1995)
* Kralica sǎm az (1996)
* Vsičko e ljubov (1998)
* Edna celuvka (1999)
* V novija vek (1999)
* Magija (2001)
* Na trapeza s ork. Kristal (2001)
* Kjučeci (2002)
* Na trapeza s ork. Kristal 2 (2002)
* Balkanika (2003)
* Na trapeza s ork. Kristal 3 (2003)
* Romski biseri (2004)
* Tik Tak (2004)
* Čat-čat (2004)
* Super kjučeci (2005)
* Hit kjučeci (2006)

#### Turkish Albums

* Bizim İkimiz Esmeriz (2001)
* Reyhan ve Ork. Kristal (2002)
* Biz Şekeriz (2003)
* Tatlı Kız (2004)
* Kaderim (2005)
* Al Beni (2006)

### Compilations

* Hitovete na Kristal (1997)
* Zlatnite Hitove na ork. Kristal (2006)

### Video albums

* Ork. Kristal (1991)
* Robinya sum tvoya (1992)
* Mili Moi (1993)
* Kristal i Priyateli (1995)
* Vsichko e lyubov (1998)
* Na trapeza s ork. Kristal 2 (2003)
* Biz şekeriz (2003)
* Na trapeza s ork. Kristal 3 (2003)
# Cognition (journal)

Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cognitive science. It was established in 1972 and is published by Elsevier.

## History

Cognition is one of the few psychology journals of the 20th century that developed outside of the United States. The journal, founded by Jacques Mehler and Thomas Bever in 1972, was initially published quarterly, then every other month from 1982, and finally on a monthly basis since 1985.
Work in the journal is considered "highly cited," and is noted to adequately represent research on an international level. In terms of representing topics within the cognitive sciences, a 2005 meta-analysis demonstrated that the journal primarily publishes work in psychology, with a small proportion of publications in linguistics and neuroscience. The analysis concluded that for several reasons, including the explicit editorial policy of the journal and efforts to create special issues for specific disciplines, the disparity could not be well explained by editorial bias.
# Stutsman County Courthouse and Sheriff's Residence/Jail

The Stutsman County Courthouse and Sheriff's Residence/Jail in Jamestown, North Dakota was built in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
It was designed by architect Henry C. Koch.
The west wing of the building was added in 1926, and was designed by architect Gilbert R. Horton.
Its NRHP listing was consistent with a later statewide study of North Dakota courthouses.
The building was used as the courthouse for Stutsman County until the 1980s, when it was replaced by a newer building. Though plans called for the original building's destruction, ownership instead transferred to the State Historical Society of North Dakota, who is working to restore the courthouse and has listed the building as Stutsman County Courthouse State Historic Site.
# Giga (United Nations)

Giga is a joint programme of work of two United Nations agencies, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with the goal of connecting all of the world's schools to the internet. The programme was launched in 2019 and has three categories of activity: mapping, to identify the schools in an area, financing, to provide financial resources to the schools, and connecting, to help establish connectivity.
In February 2022, the Secretary-General of the United Nations called on the United Nations General Assembly to recognize "access to the internet as a basic human right, and for steps to achieve this for everyone everywhere by 2030, including through the Giga initiative ...".

## Active countries

As of February 2022, the following status information was reported by the Giga initiative:
* Central Asia
** Kazakhstan: 7,410 schools mapped, RfPs issued for feasibility study and connecting about 60 schools
** Kyrgyzstan: 692 schools connected
* Latin America and Eastern Caribbean
** Eastern Caribbean States (OECS): 9 of 11 countries completed mapping of school connectivity, 457 schools connected
** Honduras: 545 schools connected, about 1,097 schools mapped via satellite imagery that were not in government registries
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** Rwanda: about 1,530 schools mapped via satellite imagery that were not in government registries
** Kenya: 75 schools connected
** Sierra Leone: 205 schools connected
** Niger: RfP for feasibility study published
By December 2023, more than 2.1 million schools had been mapped in more than 138 countries.

## Headquarters

According to a July 2022 article in La Vanguardia, the project offices were to be located in a refurbished warehouse in Barcelona which houses an innovation centre known as Ca l'Alier.
# Madhaba Nanda Behera

Madhaba Nanda Behera (1 July 1942 – 27 June 2016) was a defence personnel and socio-political leader from the state of Odisha in India. From Jagannath Prasad constituency, he was elected 3 times to the Odisha Legislative Assembly during the 10th (1990), 11th (1995), and 13th (2004) assembly elections. While in defence, he had participated in the wars with Pakistan in 1965 and with Bangladesh in 1971.
# Moulay Abdelkrim

Moulay Abdelkrim is a commune in the Taounate Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8282 people living in 1418 households.
# 2021 KML playoffs

The 2021 KML playoffs was the postseason tournament of the Korvpalli Meistriliiga's 2020–21 season. The playoffs began on 19 April and ended on 17 May. The games were played without spectators due to COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament concluded with BC Kalev/Cramo defeating Pärnu Sadam three games to one in the finals. Chavaughn Lewis was named KML Finals MVP.

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| | | | 1 | BC Kalev/Cramo | 3 | | | |
| | | | 4 | Rakvere Tarvas | 0 | | | |
| 4 | Rakvere Tarvas | 2 | 4 | Rakvere Tarvas | 0 | | | |
| 5 | TalTech | 0 | | | | | | |
| 5 | TalTech | 0 | | | | 1 | BC Kalev/Cramo | 3 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Pärnu Sadam | 1 |
| 2 | Pärnu Sadam | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | Pärnu Sadam | 1 |
| 7 | Tallinna Kalev/TLÜ | 0 | | | |
| 7 | Tallinna Kalev/TLÜ | 0 | 2 | Pärnu Sadam | 3 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | 3 | AVIS UTILITAS Rapla | 0 |
| 3 | AVIS UTILITAS Rapla | 2 | 3 | AVIS UTILITAS Rapla | 0 | 3 | AVIS UTILITAS Rapla | 3 |
| 6 | Tartu Ülikool Maks & Moorits | 1 | | | | 4 | Rakvere Tarvas | 2 |

## Quarterfinals

The quarterfinals are best-of-three series.

### Rakvere Tarvas vs. TalTech
## Semifinals

The quarterfinals are best-of-five series.

### Pärnu Sadam vs. AVIS UTILITAS Rapla
## Third place games

The third place games are best-of-five series.

### AVIS UTILITAS Rapla vs. Rakvere Tarvas
## Finals

The finals are best-of-five series.
# Amarapu Satyanarayana

Amarapu Satyanarayana (12 April 1936 – 20 October 2011) was an Indian singer and actor.

## Early life

Satyanarayana was born at Pamulavalasa village in Therlam Mandalam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. His parents were Appalanaidu and Kannamma. His teacher Sri Pakki Satyanarayana recognized his voice and talent and gave him an opportunity to perform. His teacher joined him at Sri Nomu Suryarao who was a great artist in dramas. He trained as an artist and in music.

## Career

He was said to be one of the best artists in India. He has given many performances. Some of his characters are linked to his life story. His main characters are Rama in the drama Ramanjaneya Yuddham, Krishna and Arjuna in the drama Gayopakhyanam, and Bilvamangal in the drama Chintamani. He performed with artists such as Kantha Rao, Dhulipala Seetharama Sastry, Allu Rama Lingaiah, Chandramohan and Rajanala.
He also worked as a Teacher (Social asst.) in the School at Rajam, Srikakulam district. He gave an interview to the news channel Gemini. He died 20 October 2011.

## Awards

* Gold medal in the Andhra parishat competitions in 1960
* Golden crown from Sri Rayana nataka parishad, Podduturu in 1965
* Raghave Award from Governor P. C. Alexander
# Wilhelm Ramsay

Wilhelm Ramsay (20 January 1865 – 6 January 1928) was a Finnish geologist. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1914 and in 1915 was accepted into the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. He coined the terms Fennoscandia (1900) and Postjotnian (1909). Ramsay also coined the term ijolite.
Together with Jakob Sederholm, Ramsay was a student of Fredrik Johan Wiik. Pentti Eskola was a student of Ramsay.

## Personal life

Ramsay was a Swedish-speaking Finn and belonged to the Ramsay noble family of Scottish origin. His mother Emmy Tham was from Falun, Sweden. Mathematician August Ramsay was his brother.
# Cognitive justice

The concept of cognitive justice is based on the recognition of the plurality of knowledge and expresses the right of the different forms of knowledge to co-exist.
Indian scholar Shiv Visvanathan coined the term cognitive justice in his 1997 book "A Carnival for Science: Essays on science, technology and development". Commenting on the destructive impact of hegemonic Western science on developing countries and non-Western cultures, Visvanathan calls for the recognition of alternative sciences or non-Western forms of knowledge. He argues that different knowledges are connected with different livelihoods and lifestyles and should therefore be treated equally.
Cognitive justice is a critique on the dominant paradigm of modern science and promotes the recognition of alternative paradigms or alternative sciences by facilitating and enabling dialogue between, often incommensurable, knowledges. These dialogues of knowledge are perceived as contributing to a more sustainable, equitable, and democratic world.
The call for cognitive justice is found in a growing variety of fields, such as ethnobiology, technology and database design, and in information and communication technology for development (ICT4D).
South-African scholar and UNESCO education expert Catherine Odora Hoppers wrote about cognitive justice in the field of education. She argued that indigenous knowledges have to be included in the dialogues of knowledge without having to fit in the structures and standards of Western knowledge. When Indigenous knowledges are treated equally, they can play their role in making a more democratic and dialogical science, which remains connected to the livelihoods and survival of all cultures.
# Stuttaford

Stuttaford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Richard Stuttaford (1870–1945), South African businessman and politician
* Thomas Stuttaford (1931–2018), British doctor, politician, author, medical columnist
* Wally Stuttaford, Rhodesian/Zimbabwean politician
* William Stuttaford (1928–1999), British stockbroker, businessman and political activist
# Madina-Adenta footbridges

The Madina-Adenta footbridges are pedestrian bridges located along the N4 highway between Madina and Adenta in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.

## Deaths, accidents and demonstrations on the N4 highway

In 2018, there were a number of public demonstrations by local residents due to the high number of accidents and deaths of pedestrians around Adenta. The immediate trigger for the demonstrations was the death of a female student of the West African Senior High School (WASHS) (formerly West African Secondary School) who was killed in front of the school after being hit by a taxi cab. It was reported by the police that there had been about 24 people had been killed and another 164 injured due to the lack of access to footbridges across the motorway. Residents contest this figure and alleged that the real figure over the preceding 12 months was 195 people killed. This had led to school children and others having to negotiate the six lanes highway where cars were often driven over the speed limit. In response to the demonstrations, the Ministry of Roads and Highways responded that work on the six footbridges which had been left uncompleted for years will begin within a week. The Ministry of Interior had also requested the Ghana Police Service that it deploys members of its Motor Traffic Unit to help improve road safety. The head of the West Africa Senior High School located close to the N4 highway at Adenta disclosed that in 2018 alone, six students of the school had been hit by vehicles on the road. President Nana Akufo-Addo blamed the lack of footbridges for pedestrians to cross the highway on decades of neglect, lack of continuity when there is change of government in Ghana, a culture of improper maintenance and high rate of irresponsibility among Ghanaians.

## Footbridges

A total of six footbridges had been designed for the highway when it was constructed. They had however been abandoned since the completion of the roads. Heading from south to north, these are located at the Atomic Junction, Madina Zongo Junction, Redco Flats, the Ritz Junction, Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) junction and at the West African Senior High School. The first to be completed was the one at the SDA junction. Following the completion of the footbridges, there have been complaints about how long it takes to cross the roads and also their length. This has led to increased incidence of jaywalkers. The police have made arrests in the interest of road safety. The authorities conceded by announcing that although the design was to promote accessibility for all, they will introduce staircases at some of the footbridges.
# Willis Patterson

Willis Charles Patterson (born November 27, 1930) is an American bass-baritone, editor, music arranger, and professor emeritus/longtime Associate Dean of the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance. A Fulbright Scholar and the winner of the Marian Anderson Award, he has performed in opera houses and concert halls internationally. He has served as president of the National Association of Negro Musicians and as executive secretary of the National Black Music Caucus. In 1977, he edited what The New York Times described as a "groundbreaking anthology of black art songs."

## Life and career

Born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Patterson was the son of Ed Curtis. He grew up in a poor family in the Northern part of Ann Arbor. His biological parents were not married, and he was raised by his mother and stepfather. His stepfather hauled coal for a living and struggled with alcoholism. He had nine siblings on the Patterson side of the family whom he lived with, in addition to 10 other siblings from his biological father. Willis is a graduate of Ann Arbor High School, the University of Michigan (BM in 1958 and MM in 1959), and Wayne State University (Doctorate of Music). A Fulbright Scholarship enabled him to pursue studies in opera and lieder in Germany for a year and a half, and he also attended classes in opera at the Manhattan School of Music. Prior to joining the voice faculty at the University of Michigan in 1968, Willis served on the music faculties of Virginia State College and Southern University. From 1969 until 1975, he was the music director of the University of Michigan Men's Glee Club.

## Selected publications and recordings

* The New Negro Spiritual Collection (2002) OCLC 51238724
* The Unlikely Saga of a Singer from Ann Arbor (2015) OCLC 940824661
* Art Songs by Black American Composers (1981) OCLC 49870716
* The Second Anthology of Art Songs by African American Composers (2002) OCLC 806491244
* Spirituals (1991) OCLC 466378527
* Amazing Grace (1991) OCLC 1088682872
# Tree River

The Tree River (Kogluktualuk) is a river in Nunavut, Canada. It flows into Coronation Gulf, an arm of the Arctic Ocean.
Glacial landforms, such as a kame delta, are represented in the area of the Tree River.
This area was the ancestral home of several Copper Inuit bands, including the Kogluktualugmiut (also known as Utkusiksaligmiut), who lived along its shores; the Pingangnaktogmiut, who lived west of the river; and the Nagyuktogmiut (also known as Killinermiut), who lived east of Tree River.