OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mbissine Thérèse Diop

Mbissine Thérèse Diop (born 1949) is a Senegalese actress best known for her starring role as Diouana in the 1966 Ousmane Sembène film Black Girl (La noire de...), which is often cited as one of the first feature films of African cinema to go on to international acclaim.

## Early life

Diop was born in Dakar, Senegal to a Muslim father and a Catholic mother. The oldest in her family, Diop lived with her maternal grandfather until he died when she was two, at which time she returned to Dakar. Diop lived in Corsica when she was thirteen, where her hostess familiarised her with Josephine Baker.

## Career

Diop did not have an early interest in acting, but rather planned to pursue a career in textiles, specifically as a parachutist. The recommendation of a friend made Diop think more seriously about acting and the arts, and prompted Diop to reach out to Josephine Baker. After a correspondence, Baker invited Diop to visit her in France, but Diop had to decline due to cost. Diop frequented the Cine-Club in Dakar, where she was exposed to French and American films, and later enrolled at the Ecole des Arts de Dakar when she was sixteen, where she took night courses and studied under French actor Robert Fontaine (who later also starred in Black Girl). Diop worked as a seamstress during the day.

### Black Girl

A photographer working at the Actualitiés Sénégalaises took a photograph of Diop which was seen by filmmaker Ousmane Sembène, who contacted Diop regarding Black Girl. Diop's family was very opposed to Diop's interest in film, but after Sembène visited with Diop she decided to accept the role. Her family and those in her neighborhood did not approve of her choice, and actively scorned her.
In The Cineaste, poet A. Van Jordan wrote of Diop's performance in Black Girl: "Diouana (Mbissine Thérèse Diop) is one of those characters you fall in love with as soon as they enter the story. Diop is one of those actors you want to stare at a couple of hours, easy. So this is an equation for emotional investment--if not unbridled infatuation, at least--woven into the writing and the casting."

### Emitai

In 1971, Diop appeared in Sembène's film Emitai.

### Later career

Diop still works in textiles.
In 2020, Diop appeared in the film Cuties as a community matriarch. The film has received critical acclaim and controversy.
Diop appeared in the 2019 short documentary by Johanna Makabi Our Memory (Notre mémoire), played in the 2024 French Film Festival.
# Raffaello Lambruschini

Raffaello Lambruschini (also called Abbé or Raphael Lambruschini) (14 August 1788 – 8 March 1873) was a priest, Tuscan agricultural and pedagogical scholar and author; and Italian politician and senator. His diverse interests were pursued through an evolving career.

## Biography

Nephew of the future cardinal, Luigi Lambruschini, Raffaello was born in Genoa to a merchant who soon moved to Livorno. In 1805, he traveled to Rome to pursue an ecclesiastical career. He completed his studies in a Jesuit seminary in Orvieto, where an uncle was bishop. In 1812, he was arrested and exiled to Corsica by the Napoleonic government. Freed by 1814, he did not join the priesthood. By 1816 he returned to Florence with his family, and in 1817 established himself in a country residence near Figline, where he passed a dozen years in the study of the natural sciences, agriculture and political economy. He joined the Accademia dei Georgofili of Florence and published some observations on progressive agronomy. By 1827, along with Cosimo Ridolfi, Lapo de' Ricci, and Gino Capponi, they began publication of the Giornale Agrario Toscano (Tuscan Journal of Agriculture).
In 1830, he founded and taught a small institute or school for young children at San Cerbone. By 1836, he had started Guida dell'educatore, a journal of pedagogy, that was printed until 1845. His principal pedagogical works were “Concerning Education" (1849) and posthumously published companion volume, "A Treatise on Instruction".
In 1847, he moves to Florence, and along with Bettino Ricasoli and Vincenzo Salvagnoli, he publishes a pro-Italian nation journal La Patria. His politics mixed loyalties to an Italian nation-state with a neo-guelph dedication; he aspired that there could be a more concordance between the Roman Catholic church and the rising liberal and nationalistic forces in the country. While remaining a staunch Catholic, he had misgivings about the church's influence in society. During the turbulent year of the Tuscan Republic of 1848, Lambruschini joined the government, and was elected to the parliament. But by late June 1849, the rule of the Grand-Duke of Habsburg-Lorraine was re-established in Florence. Lambruschini again retired to San Cerbone.
A decade later the Grand-Duke Leopold II and his son, Ferdinand IV, were deposed by both Tuscan and Piedmontese forces. This prompted Lambruschini to return to politics, becoming vice-president of the Consulta di Stato and deputy to the Tuscan Assembly and in 1861 to the Italian Senate. Lambruschini also persisted in his pedagogical interests, publishing and helping manage his institute. In 1865, he became president of the Accademia dei Georgofili; in 1867, Professor of Pedagogy and Anthropology at the Istituto di Studi Superiori of Florence, in 1869, Arch-consul of the Accademia della Crusca. He continued to publish, including Dell'Istruzione (1871); Delle virtù e dei vizi (1871) and Elogi e Biografie (1873). He died in his villa di San Cerbone; and was buried at Figline Valdarno.
# Euphemia Sinclair

Lady Euphemia Meredith Sinclair (22 June 1915 – 2005) was a British aristocrat and socialite. She was usually known by her middle name: Meredith. She was the daughter of Rev. The Hon. Charles Augustus Sinclair, son of the 16th Earl of Caithness, and his wife, The Hon. Mary Ann Harman. Notable ancestors include James VI and I, Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, Robert the Bruce and Louis VI of France and her ancestry can be traced back to several notable families as far back as the 800s.
When her brother inherited the title Earl of Caithness from their uncle (the 18th Earl of Caithness) in 1948, George VI granted Lady Meredith and her sisters the style and precedence of an earl's daughter, which she would have received had her father not predeceased his brother. She grew up in the family seat, Stagenhoe in Hertfordshire, where the Bowes-Lyon family were their neighbours, and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was a childhood friend.
She married Thomas Henry Philip Herbert (a scion of the Herbert family and an heir to the Guinness family brewing fortune) in a grand society wedding in 1934 attended by George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Prince George, Duke of Kent and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, members of both families were strongly represented with numerous members of the Guinness, Herbert and Sinclair families present, along with much of the aristocracy.
They had two children, Margaret Deborah Herbert (born 1936) and Cordelia Alexandra Herbert (born 1940). Queen Elizabeth was a godmother to her firstborn, Margaret.
Her descendants:
* Margaret Deborah Herbert (born 1936) married Thomas Cavendish (descendant of William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire and had two children:
** Richard Cavendish (born 1965)
** Maria Cavendish (born 1969)
* Cordelia Alexandra Herbert (born 1940) married James Wallace (scion of the Clan Wallace family) and had a daughter, Diana Wallace (born 1968)
# Matsudaira Tōshō-gū

Matsudaira Tōshō-gū (松平東照宮) is a Shinto shrine in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the first Shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu.

## History

The descendants of Matsudaira Chikauji (d. 1393), the progenitor of the Matsudaira clan, continued to live in Matsudaira [ja] village in what is now the city of Toyota until modern times. In 1619, Matsudaira Naoyoshi [ja], a clan hatamoto and the 9th generation descendant of Chikauji, enshrined the kami of the recently-deified Tokugawa Ieyasu into a local Hachiman shrine, transforming it into a Tōshō-gū. The shrine is located on a side which claimed to be the location of a well where Ieyasu was bathed as an infant. Archaeological investigations have found the stone foundations of a Sengoku period fortified residence on this location, confirming that it is the site of the Matsudaira no yakata (松平氏館), or Sengoku period home of the Matsudaira clan. The site was collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in the year 2000, together with 3 other locations relevant to the early history of the Matsudaira clan.
# Maximilien Toepler

Maximilien August Topler (25 June 1870 – 14 March 1960) was a German physicist known for his work on electrostatics, sparks and Schlieren photography. His father was the physicist August Toepler.
Toepler's law (1906) states that the resistance of an electric arc at any time is inversely proportional to the charge which has flowed through the arc:
    $R(t)={\frac {k_{T}D}{\int _{0}^{t}I(t)\,dt}}$
where I(t) is the current in the arc discharge at time t, and D is the gap between the electrodes. The parameter $k_{T}$ is a constant whose value is $4\times 10^{-3}\,V\cdot s\cdot m^{-1}$.
# Southern States Art League

The Southern States Art League, originally called the All-Southern Art Association, was formed in the 1920s to draw attention to artists from the southern United States. A number of its early members were closely associated with the Charleston Renaissance, and it has been credited with helping to establish the South as "a viable art center and formidable force in the realm of American culture."

## History

The All-Southern Art Association was originally conceived in 1920 as a committee with members drawn from the Carolina Art Association and chaired by Camilla Scott Pinckney, the mother of novelist and poet Josephine Pinckney. Its goal was to present an exhibition of only southern artists, and the inaugural All-Southern Art Exhibit was held at the Gibbes Gallery of Art in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1921. Juried by museum director Florence McIntyre and artists L. Birge Harrison, William Posey Silva, and Alfred Hutty, it was successful in attracting both large numbers of visitors and favorable national press.
Following the first show, the association put on shows at venues that rotated through a roster of leading southern cities, including New Orleans (Louisiana), Columbia (South Carolina), Atlanta and Mobile (Georgia). The association also sponsored lecture tours by southern artists and in 1921-22 organized an exhibition by leading Charleston Renaissance artist Alice Ravenel Huger Smith. Other southern art leagues such as the Palm Beach Art League in Florida became affiliated with the All-Southern Art Association.
In 1922, the All-Southern Art Association renamed itself the Southern States Art League.

## Notable members

* Catharine Carter Critcher
* Margaret Nowell Graham
* Ella Sophonisba Hergesheimer
* William R. Hollingsworth, Jr.
* Bonnie MacLeary
* Florence McClung
* Dixie Selden
* Alice Ravenel Huger Smith
* Waldine Tauch
* Helen Maria Turner
* Elizabeth O'Neill Verner
* Ellsworth Woodward
# 2003 Brown Bears football team

The 2003 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 2003 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Brown tied for second in the Ivy League.
In their sixth season under head coach Phil Estes, the Bears compiled a 5–5 record and were outscored 246 to 244. C. Garnett, B. J. Grinna and K. R. Slager were the team captains.
The Bears' 4–3 conference record placed them in a four-way tie for second in the Ivy League standings. They outscored Ivy opponents 193 to 192.
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 20 | at Albany* | University FieldAlbany, NY | W 21–3 | 3,680 |
| September 27 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | L 14–52 | 9,460 |
| October 4 | Rhode Island* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI (rivalry) | L 9–27 | 5,728 |
| October 11 | No. 25 Fordham* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 21–24 | 4,516 |
| October 18 | Princeton | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 14–34 | 9,879 |
| October 25 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | W 21–7 | 6,864 |
| November 1 | No. 11 Penn | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 21–24 | 8,172 |
| November 8 | at Yale | Yale BowlNew Haven, CT | W 55–44 | 15,442 |
| November 15 | Dartmouth | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 26–21 | 6,270 |
| November 22 | at Columbia | Wien StadiumNew York, NY | W 42–10 | 4,841 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Zavrh pri Borovnici

Zavrh pri Borovnici (pronounced) is a small dispersed settlement in the hills above Borovnica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Vrhnika.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Zavrh to Zavrh pri Borovnici in 1953.
# Maybury

Maybury is an area on the western edge of Edinburgh, Scotland, near South Gyle and Ingliston, named after the road, which is itself named after the civil engineer Sir Henry Maybury (1864–1943). In 2021, residents have been undertaking community clean ups to clear the foot paths along the road. The area is residential in the north east/east and commercial in the south and west and The Gyle Shopping Centre is nearby. In 2021, there was a consultation about creating a Primary School and Health Centre in Maybury.

## Historic Buildings

Dominated by a major road junction, the most notable feature is the Maybury Roadhouse, built in 1936 and one of Edinburgh's examples of Art Deco architecture, it was designed by Paterson and Broom. It was converted into a casino in the late 1990s. The casino has retained many art deco features within the building. It is a listed building, category B. Nearby are two other listed buildings,138-140 Glasgow Road, where are traditional farm cottages, originally belonging to North Gyle Farm. The cottages were the result of the 19th century drives to the living conditions of farm workers and are Category C listed buildings. North Gyle Farm is also a Category C listed building nearby. There is a police box and Cook's Garage that were built or recorded as existing in the 1930s and that are still in the area today.

## History and Archaeology

The area was farmland and the former Gogar Loch, though historical records in the 1600s describe the loch not as a standing body of water but as an area full of bogs and marshes. Archaeological excavations, between 1990 and 1992, in advance of development found a Neolithic trackway, evidence for Bronze Age settlement and a large stone-built structure dating to the beginning of the first millennium AD. The archaeologists believe the area was first settled in the Neolithic by farmers and that this agricultural work continued on into modern day, though probably not always continuous.

## Images

* Maybury Roadhouse
* Edinburgh trams at the Maybury
* Maybury Road
# Ralph Ehrmann

Ralph Rudolf Mathias Ehrmann (March 8, 1925 – January 10, 2023) was a German-born British businessman noted for his role in the development of the toy industry through his work with Airfix, and his later involvement in banking industry.

## Early life and education

Born in Leipzig into a German-Jewish family, Ehrmann moved to London in 1933 and became a British citizen in 1939. He was educated at Hall preparatory school, St Paul's School, University of Reading, and the London School of Economics.

## Career

During World War II, Ehrmann served as a bomb aimer-navigator in the RAF, but his military career ended prematurely when his aircraft crashed during a training flight in 1944. Post-war, he initially worked as a journalist in Scandinavia, although he never published articles himself, instead providing content to local papers.
Ehrmann's business career began at Airfix, where he suggested the company diversify into producing plastic model kits. This venture led to the production of popular models such as historic ships and the iconic Spitfire. His business career expanded in the 1970s when he became a director at the new Triumph bank, and later moved to the United States to chair Clabir, a holding company with industrial interests.

## Personal life

Ehrmann was married to Inge Landecker from 1955 until her death in 2022, and they had two children. His daughter Helen predeceased him in 1997.
# Matsudaira Yasushige

Matsudaira Yasushige (松平 康重, 1568 – August 14, 1640) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama through early Edo periods. He was the family head of the Matsui-Matsudaira, a family which received the Matsudaira name as an honorific following his father's service to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yasushige ended his life as daimyō of Kishiwada han. There is a rumour claiming that he is Ieyasu's illegitimate son.
# Mazurkas, Op. 33 (Chopin)

Mazurkas, Op. 33 are a set of four Mazurkas for piano by Frédéric Chopin, composed and published in 1838.
The autograph manuscript of the mazurkas is preserved in the National Library of Poland.

## Analysis
### Mazurka in G♯ minor, Op. 33, No. 1

Mazurka in G-sharp minor, Op. 33, No. 1, the opening mazurka of the set, has a marking of Mesto. This mazurka has an emotional melody, accompanied in the left hand with a waltz pattern. This mazurka has a total of 48 bars, the dynamic marking forte only appeared twice. It should be played with a deep and rounded sound, instead of a sharp and loud one. The mood changes many times throughout the piece. This intimate piece is occasionally considered less complicated than many of Chopin's other mazurkas.

### Mazurka in D major, Op. 33, No. 2

Mazurka in D major, Op. 33, No. 2, the second piece of the collection, is one of the most popular mazurkas. It has a fast tempo and strong irregular accents.
The piece begins with the happy and joyful main theme, decorated with ornaments. After a second theme is introduced, the main theme is repeated for a second time. The mazurka concludes with a separate coda section that introduces a new theme, this concludes with a melody ascending high into the upper register.
An average performance of this mazurka lasts around 3 minutes.

### Mazurka in C major, Op. 33, No. 3

Mazurka in C major, Op. 33, No. 3, the third of the set, has an expression marking of semplice (see:Tempo#Italian tempo markings). This miniature is simple and warm, showing a different approach to the mazurka genre. Slightly accented second beats are used to keep the mazurka characteristics.

### Mazurka in B minor, Op. 33, No. 4

Mazurka in B minor, Op. 33, No. 4, the final mazurka of the set, is one of the longest mazurkas at nearly 5 minutes in length. The piece is written in an ABABCA structure, similar to a rondo form.
The piece begins with a captivating main melody, decorated with grace notes and trills. This melody is repeated a total of eight times throughout the piece; between it, different melodies appear, but the main melody always returns. A B♭ major section follows the theme, which is the B section. The C section is in B major, which is the parallel key to B minor.
# Yunatsi

Yunatsi is a village in Momchilgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.
# Fix Me (song)

"Fix Me" is a song by American alternative metal band 10 Years, released as the second single from their fifth studio album, Feeding the Wolves (2010).

## Music video

On June 17 and 18, the band shot a music video for "Fix Me" in Columbus, Ohio with production company Thunder Down Country. The video was released via YouTube on August 9, 2011. The video depicts the band in a karaoke bar playing as various different characters. As the video continues, the characters get into a fight with one another.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| US Rock Songs | 24 |
| US Alternative Songs | 30 |
# Meacham

Meacham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred B. Meacham (1826–1882), U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon (1869–1872)
* Bob Meacham (born 1960), American Major League Baseball player
* Doug Meacham (born 1964), American football coach
* Ellis K. Meacham (1913–1998), author and jurist
* F. W. Meacham (1856–1909), American composer
* John A. Meacham (born 1944), American professor
* Jon Meacham (born 1969), AMerican journalist, biographer of American presidents
* Joseph Meacham (1742–1796), early leader of the Shakers
* Mildred Meacham (1924–2017), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
* William Meacham, American archaeologist specializing in South China
# Raglan Road

Raglan Road can refer to:
* "On Raglan Road," an Irish song based on a poem by Patrick Kavanagh
* Raglan Road (street), a street in Dublin that gave the poem its name
# Euphemia Somerville

Euphemia Gilchrist Gibb, later Euphemia Gilchrist Somerville, (19 September 1860 – 27 September 1935) was a Scottish social worker and local politician.

## Life

Somerville was born in Dollar in 1860 in Clackmannanshire. Her mother was Margaret Scott (born McMinn) and her father was William Gibb, who worked as a draper. She went to the Dollar Academy.
She became the second wife of Alexander Somerville who was the eldest child of Alexander Neil Somerville. He was a retired merchant and he already had three daughters and together they had another three children. They both worked to create a herbarium. He died in 1907 and in the following year she began working in Glasgow where she was shocked by the poverty of the children there. The council asked for her help and she organised volunteers to visit poor families to help reduce the high rate of infant mortality.
Edinburgh council liked the work she was doing and asked her to repeat the scheme in their city. In 1908 she and Mrs Hamilton Maxwell started the Edinburgh Voluntary Health Workers' Association as part of the council's child welfare department. By 1911 she was living in Colinton.
The Edinburgh Women Citizens' Association (EWCA) began in 1918 to assist the middle class women who had gained the vote. The Association backed her bid to be a town councillor representing the Murchiston ward and Ella Morison Millar was also an EWCA councillor. When elected she went to live for a while at the Craiglockhart poorhouse to find out the main problems and this informed her studies at the University of Edinburgh which had a course for women interested in social work and reform. The EWCA had a wide range of ambitions to improve life in the city. Somerville sat on many of the committees. As an independent she could not use her party's influence, but she was also not at anyone's beck and call.
In 1925 she led an EWCA group looking at housing while at the same time serving on the main council housing committee.
In 1930 she led a sub-committee of the council who wanted to improve provision for the under fives.

## Death and legacy

Somerville died at her home in Edinburgh in 1935. One of her legacies was the nineteen children's playgrounds in Edinburgh for toddlers. She is also credited with causing a large amount of poorly designed housing to be built.
# The Author's Ordeal

"The Author's Ordeal" are lyrics to a song by American author Isaac Asimov. They were first published in Science Fiction Quarterly, May 1957, pp. 34–36. They are included in three collections of Asimov's short stories: Earth Is Room Enough, The Far Ends of Time and Earth (omnibus edition) and The Complete Stories, Volume 1.
The lyrics pastiche the Gilbert and Sullivan patter song known as "the (Lord Chancellor's) Nightmare Song" from Iolanthe. The song depicts the agonies he goes through in thinking up a new science fiction story. It notes that the process of devising a space opera is incompatible with living in the real world with all its "dull facts of life that hound you".
# Mbella-Ngou

Mbella-Ngou (also Mbelangou, Mbella-Ngon) is a village in the commune of Djohong in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon, near the border with the Central African Republic

## Population

In 1967, Mbella-Ngou contained 715 inhabitants, mainly Fula people.
At the time of the 2005 census, there were 1664 people in the village.