OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marker gene

In biology, a marker gene may have several meanings. In nuclear biology and molecular biology, a marker gene is a gene used to determine if a nucleic acid sequence has been successfully inserted into an organism's DNA. In particular, there are two sub-types of these marker genes: a selectable marker and a marker for screening. In metagenomics and phylogenetics, a marker gene is an orthologous gene group which can be used to delineate between taxonomic lineages.

## Selectable marker

A selectable marker protects the organism from a selective agent that would normally kill it or prevent its growth. In a transformation reaction, depending on the transformation efficiency, only one in several million to billion cells may take up DNA. Rather than checking every single cell, scientists use a selective agent to kill all cells that do not contain the foreign DNA, leaving only the desired ones.
Antibiotics are the most common selective agents. In bacteria, antibiotics are used almost exclusively. In plants, antibiotics that kill the chloroplast are often used as well, although tolerance to salts and growth-inhibiting hormones is becoming more popular. In mammals, resistance to antibiotics that would kill the mitochondria is used as a selectable marker.

## Screenable marker

A screenable marker will make cells containing the gene look different. There are three types of screening commonly used:
* Green fluorescent protein makes cells glow green under UV light. A specialized microscope is required to see individual cells. Yellow and red versions are also available, so scientists can look at multiple genes at once. It is commonly used to measure gene expression.
* GUS assay (using β-glucuronidase) is an excellent method for detecting a single cell by staining it blue without using any complicated equipment. The drawback is that the cells are killed in the process. It is particularly common in plant science.
* Blue white screen is used in both bacteria and eukaryotic cells. The bacterial lacZ gene encodes a beta-galactosidase enzyme. When media containing certain galactosides (e.g. X-gal), cells expressing the enzyme convert the X-gal to a blue product and can be seen with the naked eye. The strategy is therefore to integrate the DNA insert within the lacZ gene and to select the white colored colonies given they will have correctly integrated the insert. Blue colonies on the other hand will be able to convert the X-gal and give rise to the blue precipitate because the DNA insert either didn't integrate at all, or not at the correct location within the plasmid.
# Marshall Browns

The Marshall Browns were an East Texas League minor league baseball team that played in 1949 and 1950. The team was based in Marshall, Texas and was managed by Walter DeFreitas in 1949 and Bruce Ogrodowski in 1950. Ogrodowski led the squad to a league championship. Mike Blyzka, Red Jones and Bud Thomas played for the 1949 club and Darrell Johnson, Ogrodowski and Thomas were among the 1950 players.
The team was the last pro squad to be based in Marshall, Texas.
# Marshall Building

The Marshall Building, formerly known as the Hoffman & Sons Co. Building, is a historic building in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Part of the Historic Third Ward, the six-story building is the oldest existing example of structural engineer Claude A. P. Turner's Spiral Mushroom System of flat-slab concrete reinforcement.

## History

The building was originally constructed as a five story structure in 1906 for John Hoffman & Sons Company, a wholesale grocer specializing in the manufacturing of coffee, tea and spices. When the project was in its early stages of design, Milwaukee consulting engineer John Geist came across an article written by Claude A.P. Turner in Engineering News about a new flat-slab system that Turner had developed for the Johnson-Bovey Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He traveled to Minneapolis to observe the load tests for the building and asked Turner to design a similar type of flat-slab system for the building in Milwaukee.
Turner's flat-slab system differed from previous reinforced concrete construction methods in that it consisted of only floor slabs and supporting columns, eliminating the need for beams below the floors. His Spiral Mushroom System, also known as the Turner System, referred to a cage of radial and tangential bars at the top of each column that imparted shear strength to the slab and also provided cantilever support.
A sixth floor was to the structure in 1911 to accommodate the growth in Hoffman's business and was used to accommodate their coffee roasting equipment; however, beginning in the late 1920s the firm began to share space in the building with other manufacturers. The building was purchased in 1947 by developer George Bockl and was renamed the following year after his son Robert Marshall. Bockl sold the building in 1966 but later reacquired it in 1974.
On March 8, 1984, the building became a contributing property of the Historic Third Ward District.
In 2002, the Marshall Building was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Today the building is primarily used as office space and art galleries.
# Marshall Burdekin

Marshall Burdekin (11 April 1837 – 10 November 1886) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Sydney to merchant Thomas Burdekin and Mary Ann Bossley. Educated at Darlinghurst, he received a Master of Arts from the University of Sydney in 1859 and was called to the bar later that year. He had inherited a large fortune from his father in 1844.
He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Liverpool Plains at the 1863 by-election, transferring to The Williams at the 1864–65 election. In 1866 he was appointed Colonial Treasurer, but he was defeated at the ministerial by-election, and thus held office for less than a month. He returned to the Assembly at the 1867 by-election for East Sydney, but he did not re-contest in 1869.
Subsequently he lived mainly overseas, falling seriously ill in America in 1877 and suffering from ill health continuously until his death in England in 1886.
His brother Sydney was also a colonial politician.
# Marko Kovač

Marko Kovač may refer to:
* Marko Kovač (director) (born 1981), Serbian architect and film director
* Marko Kovač (footballer) (born 1987), Croatian footballer
# Martin Livings

Martin Livings (born 1970) is an Australian author of horror, fantasy and science fiction. He has been writing short stories since 1990 and has been nominated for both the Ditmar Award and Aurealis Award. Livings resides in Perth, Western Australia.
Livings' short fiction has appeared in the award-winning anthology Daikaiju! (Agog! Press), as well as in Borderlands, Agog! Terrific Tales (Agog! Press) and Eidolon, among many others. His work has been listed in the Year's Best Horror and Fantasy Recommended Reading, and reprinted in Year's Best Australian Science Fiction and Fantasy, Volume 2 (MirrorDanse Books, 2006), Australian Dark Fantasy and Horror, Volume 1 (Brimstone Press, 2006), and The Year's Best Australian Fantasy and Horror in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2015 (Ticonderoga Publications).
His first novel, Carnies, was published by Lothian Books in Australia in June 2006. Carnies was nominated for an Aurealis Award and won the 2007 Tin Duck Award for Best Novel by a Western Australian. His collection of short stories, Living with the Dead, was released in 2012 by Dark Prints Press, and an original story from the collection, "Birthday Suit", won the Australian Shadows Award for Best Short Fiction that year.
# Martin McCann (singer)

Martin McCann is a singer in the Dublin-based band Sack who has written songs such as "Laughter Lines", which the British singer-songwriter Morrissey stated "should be number one forever". McCann is also a prominent DJ on the Dublin gay scene.
# Tecla

Tecla is a female given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tecla Insolia (born 2004), Italian actress and singer
* Tecla Marinescu (born 1960), Romanian sprint canoer
* Tecla Namachanja Wanjala (born 1962), Kenyan peace activist
* Tecla Pettenuzzo (born 1999), Italian footballer
* Tecla San Andres Ziga (1906–1992), Filipina senator
* Tecla Scarano (1894–1978), Italian actress and singer
* Tecla Tofano (1927–1995), Venezuelan artist
* Tecla Tum, Kenyan politician
* Tecla Vigna (died 1927), Italian-American opera singer and teacher
# Telefe Santa Fe

Telefe Santa Fe (call sign LT 82 TV) is an Argentine open television channel affiliated with Telefe that broadcasts from the city of Santa Fe, Argentina. The channel covers the center and northwest of the province of Santa Fe and part of the province of Entre Ríos. It is operated by Paramount Global through Telefe Group.

## Local programming

* Notitrece - news
* Sembrando ("Seeding") - country news
* Martín Bustamante - country news
* Nuestra Casa ("Our Home") - DIY and cooking
* Otra Visión ("Another View") - health advice
* Pausa en Familia ("Family Break") - religious
# Teledyne Turbine Engines

Teledyne Turbine Engines (TTE) is a turbine engine manufacturer located in Toledo, Ohio. A division of Teledyne Technologies Inc., TTE is the successor to the former Teledyne CAE.

## History

In 1940, Continental Motors Corporation formed Continental Aviation and Engineering (CAE) to develop and produce aircraft engines of over 500 hp. It begins development of turbine engines during the 1940s, but none entered production.
From the 1950s-1970s, CAE built a licensed version of the Turbomeca Marboré as the Teledyne CAE J69.
In 1969, Teledyne Incorporated acquired Continental Motors Corporation, which became Teledyne Continental Motors (TCM). CAE was renamed Teledyne CAE, headquartered in Toledo, Ohio.
After the 1999 sale of Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical to Northrop Grumman, and the subsequent spin-off of Teledyne Technologies Inc. by Allegheny Teledyne in November that year, Teledyne CAE was renamed Teledyne Turbine Engines. In the next decade, it was placed under Teledyne Continental Motors as its TCM Turbine Engines division.

## Products
### Turbojet

* J69
* J100
* J402
* J700
* Palas

### Turboprop/turboshafts

* T51
* T67
* T72

### Ramjets

* RJ35
* RJ45
* RJ49
# Martial Raysse

Martial Raysse (born 12 February 1936) is a French artist and actor. He lives in Issigeac, France. He holds the record for the most expensive work sold by a living French artist.

## Biography

Raysse was born in a ceramicist family in Vallauris and began to paint and write poetry at age 12. After studying and practising athleticism at a high level, he began to accumulate rubbish odds and ends that he preserved under plexiglas. In 1958, he exhibited some of his paintings with Jean Cocteau at Galerie Longchamp.
Fascinated by the beauty of plastic, he plundered low-costs shops with plastic items and developed what became his "vision hygiene" concept; a vision that showcases consumer society. This work received attention and critical praise in 1961, and at a commercial gallery in Milan, his exhibition sold out 15 minutes before the opening. Raysse then traveled to the United States to get involved with the pop art scene in New York City.

## Nouveaux Réalistes activity

In October 1960, Raysse, together with Arman, Yves Klein, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé and the art critic and philosopher Pierre Restany founded the group Nouveaux Réalistes. The group was later joined by César, Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle and Christo. This group of artists defined themselves as bearing in common a "new perspective approaches of reality". Their work was an attempt at reassessing the concept of art and the artist in the context of a 20th-century consumer society by reasserting the humanistic ideals in the face of industrial expansion.

## Later life

In 2011 Raysse's painting, Last Year in Capri (Exotic Title), sold for $6.58 million at Christie's auction, the most expensive price paid for a work by a living French artist. The sale coincided with a resurgence in interest among collectors for Raysse's work. Attention to Raysse had waned after he moved into classicist painting in the 1960s while abstraction was peaking. The 1993 purchase of his work and commissions by billionaire François Pinault drew more attention to Raysse.

## Film

Raysse acted in Jean-Pierre Prévost's 1971 film Jupiter. He then wrote and directed the 1972 film Le grand départ.
* Par la juste mesure dans le double monde, 1985, video art documentary by Maurice Benayoun about the installation with the same title exhibited during the last Biennale de Paris. Part of the series of video Pièces à conviction(Maurice Benayoun, 1985).
# Telesail Technology

Telesail Technology Company, Limited, is a telecommunications equipment and systems company headquartered in Beijing, China, founded in 2005. The company provides Internet access, unified communications products and services.
Telesail core products include IP PBX, VoIP Access Gateway, Trunking gateway, VoIP phone, also including EPON optical line termination, EPON optical network units, planar lightwave circuit splitters and optical transceivers.
Telesail's customers are primarily Internet service providers and VoIP service operators . It is also an original equipment manufacturer that manufactures products which retail under other brand names.
# Mary Costello (writer)

Mary Costello is an Irish short story writer and novelist.
Mary Costello was born in Galway. Costello was a teacher before giving it up to write full-time. Her collection of short stories, The China Factory, published in 2012, was nominated for the Guardian First Book Award. Her second book and first novel, Academy Street, was shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award, the Costa First Novel Prize and the EU Prize for Literature in 2014. The novel went on to win the Irish Novel of the Year Award as well as the Irish Book of the Year. It has since been translated into several languages. Costello was awarded an Arts Council bursary in both 2011 and 2013. Her work has been serialised on BBC Radio 4. Mary's short story 'The Choc-Ice Woman' was published in the New Yorker Magazine on 16 October 2023. Costello lives in Dublin.
# Tenango

Tenango (Nahuatl: "place of walls" or "walled place") may refer to the following entities in Mexico:

## Places

* Tenango del Aire, Edomex
* Tenango del Valle, a municipality in Edomex
** Tenango de Arista, the municipal seat
* Tenango, Chiapas, in Ocosingo, Chiapas
* Tenango, a community in Jantetelco, Morelos
* Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo
* Tenango de las Flores, Huauchinango, Puebla
* Río Tenango, an alternate name of the Amatzinac River in the states of Morelos and Puebla
* San José Tenango, Oaxaca
* San Miguel Tenango, Oaxaca
* Santiago Tenango, Oaxaca

## Other

* Battle of Tenango del Valle, an 1812 battle of the War of Mexican Independence
* Tenango embroidery, a style of embroidery which originated in the Tenango de Doria
# Tensin

Tensin was first identified as a 220 kDa multi-domain protein localized to the specialized regions of plasma membrane called integrin-mediated focal adhesions (which are formed around a transmembrane core of an αβ integrin heterodimer). Genome sequencing and comparison have revealed the existence of four tensin genes in humans. These genes appear to be related by ancient instances of gene duplication.
Tensin binds to actin filaments and contains a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain at the C-terminus, which interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of β integrins. These interactions allow tensin to link actin filaments to integrin receptors. Several factors induce tyrosine phosphorylation of tensin. Thus, tensin functions as a platform for assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes at focal adhesions by recruiting tyrosine-phosphorylated signaling molecules, and also by providing interaction sites for other proteins. Haynie, by contrast, argues in a review of tensin structure and function that experimental evidence for the specific association of tensin with actin filaments is inconclusive at best. Recent work has also demonstrated TNS3 and TNS4 to exhibit force-dependent recruitment to keratin network in epithelial cells, highlighting its novel role in mechanotransduction. It is beyond reasonable doubt, however, that tensin 1, tensin 2 and tensin 3 each contains a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain near the N-terminus. The PTP domain is unlikely to be active in tensin 1, owing to mutation of the essential nucleophilic cysteine in the signature motif to asparagine. Nevertheless, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase, the well-studied tumor suppressor that is better known as PTEN, gets its name from homology with PTPs and tensin 1. More detailed structure comparisons have revealed that tensins 1-3, PTEN, auxilin and other proteins in animals, plants and fungi comprise a PTP-C2 superdomain. An integrated PTP domain and C2 domain, the PTP-C2 superdomain came into existence over 1 billion years ago and has functioned as a single heritable unit since then.
The first tensin cDNA sequence was isolated from chicken. Analysis of knockout mice has demonstrated critical roles of tensin in renal function, muscle regeneration, and cell migration. Evidence is now emerging to suggest tensin is an important component linking the ECM, the actin cytoskeleton, and signal transduction. Therefore, tensin and its downstream signaling molecules may be targets for therapeutic interventions in renal disease, wound healing and cancer.
# Tensiometer (soil science)

A tensiometer in soil science is a measuring instrument used to determine the matric water potential ($\Psi _{m}$) (soil moisture tension) in the vadose zone. This device typically consists of a glass or plastic tube with a porous ceramic cup and is filled with water. The top of the tube has either a built-in vacuum gauge or a rubber cap used with a portable puncture tensiometer instrument, which uses a hypodermic needle to measure the pressure inside the tensiometer. The tensiometer is buried in the soil, and a hand pump is used to pull a partial vacuum. As water is pulled out of the soil by plants and evaporation, the vacuum inside the tube increases. When the soil is wetted flow can also occur in the reverse direction: as water is added to the soil, the vacuum inside the tube pulls moisture from the soil and decreases. When the water pressure in the tensiometer is determined to be in equilibrium with the water pressure in the soil, the tensiometer gauge reading represents the matric potential of the soil.
Such tensiometers are used in irrigation scheduling to help farmers and other irrigation managers to determine when to water. In conjunction with a water retention curve, tensiometers can be used to determine how much to water. With practice, a tensiometer can be a useful tool for these purposes. Soil tensiometers can also be used in the scientific study of soils and plants.
# Maryboy

Maryboy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kenneth Maryboy (born 1961), American politician
* Mark Maryboy (born 1955), American politician
* Nancy C. Maryboy, Cherokee and Navajo astronomer and educator
# Maryon Park

Maryon Park is an urban public park located in Charlton in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. It is situated on the A206 road south of the Thames Barrier, and is accessible from Woolwich Road, Charlton Lane and Thorntree Road. It is part of the Maryon Wilson Park and Gilbert's Pit Local Nature Reserve.

## History

Charlton sandpits, which were originally part of an area known as Hanging Wood, were presented to the London County Council in 1891 by the Maryon-Wilson family, and one of the pits became Maryon Park. Another pit became Charlton Athletic's football stadium, The Valley.
The park was originally wooded and, together with what is now Maryon Wilson Park, was known as Hanging Woods. This was a wild wooded area and formed an ideal retreat for highwaymen who robbed travellers on Shooters Hill and Blackheath. Though it is popularly supposed that the wood was used for hanging those who were caught, a more likely explanation for the name is the wood's location on steep slopes so that the trees appear to hang from the slope. Such woods are often referred to as 'hanging woods' (the word 'hang' comes from the Old English 'hangra', a wooded slope).
The park was opened in 1891, with JJ Sexby, then chief surveyor to LCC's parks department, designing serpentine paths around the slopes of the hill.

## Flora

The park contains grassland, with hawkweed, gorse and broom.

## Attractions and facilities

The park includes Cox's Mount, which was used by the Romans as a hill fort, which was discovered in 1915. In the 1850s, Cox's Mount was used to help ships on the River Thames adjust their compasses.
The park has hard tennis courts, a basketball court and a children's play area. The Capital Ring walk and Green Chain trails both pass through the park.

### Nearby attractions

Adjacent to the park to the south is Gilbert's Pit, a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The similarly named Maryon Wilson Park is located south of Gilbert's Pit.

## In popular culture

Several scenes in Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film Blowup were shot in Maryon Park.
# Teresita Manaloto-Magnaye

Teresita Manaloto-Magnaye is a Filipina short story writer. Her short stories saw print in the Liwayway magazine, the oldest magazine in the Philippines.
# Temminck's tragopan

The Temminck's tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) is a medium-sized, approximately 64 cm long, pheasant in the genus Tragopan. The male is a stocky red-and-orange bird with white-spotted plumage, black bill and pink legs. The male's display features include bare blue facial skin, inflatable dark-blue lappet and horns. The females are a white-spotted brown with blue circular eye skin.
Its appearance resembles the satyr tragopan, but unlike the latter species it has a all red upperbody plumage and an orange collar. The diet consists mainly of berries, grass and plants.
The Temminck's tragopan is found across the mountains of far northeast India, central China, far northern Myanmar to northwestern Tonkin.
Widespread and a common species throughout its large habitat range, the Temminck's tragopan is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
This bird's common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck.
# Temmondai Rock

Temmondai Rock (68°25′S 41°41′E﻿ / ﻿68.417°S 41.683°E﻿ / -68.417; 41.683) is a rock exposure on the coast at the east side of the terminus of Higashi-naga-iwa Glacier in Queen Maud Land. Mapped from surveys and air photos by Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE), 1957–62, and named Temmondai-iwa (astronomical observatory rock).
This article incorporates public domain material from "Temmondai Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Queen Maud Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Teri, Ladakh

Teri is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Nyoma tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Teri has 31 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 67.04%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 202 | 96 | 106 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 23 | 9 | 14 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 202 | 96 | 106 |
| Literates | 120 | 66 | 54 |
| Workers (all) | 107 | 55 | 52 |
| Main workers (total) | 104 | 53 | 51 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 75 | 35 | 40 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 25 | 17 | 8 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 95 | 41 | 54 |